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AN 


ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY 


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OF  THE 


^>tATE  OF  ^\^SHINGTON 


Containino-  a  History  of   the  State  of  Washington  from   the    Earliest  Period   of  its  Dis- 
covery to  the  Present  Time,  together  with  Glimpses  of  its  Auspicious  Future, 
Illustrations  and  Full-page  Portraits  of  some  of  its  Eminent  Men 
and  Biographical  Mention  of  many  of  its  Pioneers 
and  Prominent  Citizens  of  to-day. 


BY  REV-  H-  K-  HINES,  D-  D- 


'A  people  llial  take  no  piicle  in  the  noble  achievements  of  remote  ancestors  will  never  achieve  anything  worthy  to  he 
remembered  with  pride  by  remote  descendants." — Macatilny. 


CHICAGO: 
THE  LEWIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 

1893. 

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INTRODUCTORY. 


1381519 

ll  P  to  1853  the  history  of  what  now  constitutes  the  great  State  ol  Washington  was  the  common  history  of  all  the 
Pacific  Northwest,  then  known  as  Oregon.  All  the  facts  and  incidents  that  went  to  make  up  the  story  of  the 
one  entered  into  that  of  the  other.  In  some  respects,  indeed,  they  were  more  intimately  connected  with 
the  territory  now  embraced  in  Washington  than  v/ith  that  now  included  in  Oregon.  This  was  especially  true  with 
many  of  the  early  discoveries,  and  with  the  entire  course  of  international  diplomacy  involved  in  the  Boundary  Question. 
It  was  needful,  therefore,  to  the  unity  and  completeness  of  our  history,  to  give  a  somewhat  extended  account  of  the 
events  that  led  up  to  the  Washington  Territory  of  18.5o  and  the  State  of  Washington  of  1.S98.  From  first  to  last, 
through  all  the  era  of  discovery  and  all  the  finesse  of  diplomacy,  as  well  as  through  the  adventures  of  immigration 
and  the  tragedies  of  Indian  warfare,  every  change  was  but  a  part  of  the  germ  and  seed  whose  consummate  fruit  will 
be  the  ultimate  Washington.  By  the  necessity  of  the  case  the  most  of  the  history  of  Washington  has  been  of  this 
character.  Long,  indeed,  were  the  years  of  her  struggle  with  the  wild  elements  of  barbaric  life,  and  with  the  rugged- 
ness  of  a  native  condition  almost  without  a  parallel  in  the  rugged  West;  but  magnificent  was  the  outcome  of  that 
struggle.  Many  volumes,  treating  in  special  detail  different  departments  of  her  thrilling  and  varied  story,  would  be 
required  to  cover  all  its  ground,  or  to  bring  into  view  all  the  names  and  deeds  that  are  entitled  to  remembrance,  and 
even  to  fame,  as  builders  of  this  now  great  commonwealth.  Beyond  the  compass  of  the  design  of  this  book  this  could 
not  be  here  attempted.  We  could  only  choose  what  seemed  essential  to  the  continuity  of  narrative,  and  the  interpre- 
tation and  illustration  of  the  times  and  deeds  of  those  who  builded  so  bravely  and  so  well.  Whatever  of  continuous 
history  may  be  found  lacking  in  the  narrative  will  be  largely  supplied  in  the  rich  and  ample  biographical  department 
of  the  book.  If  "  history  is  biography  teaching  by  example,"  surely  there  is  abundant  history  in  the  lives  recorded  in 
our  biographical  department.  Those  whose  names  are  here  enrolled,  and  the  unnamed  thousands  like  them,  were  the 
true  l)uilders  of  this  Western  world,  who,  "  with  high  face  held  to  her  ultimate  star,"  lived  and  wrought  and  died  for 
her  greatness.     We  are  sure  that  those  who  read  their  story  will  feel  that  these  people  fought 

"Braver  battles  than  ever  were  fought 
From  Shiloh  back  to  the  battles  of  Greece." 

AVith  the  hope  that  somesvhat  has  b?eu  said  to  eahanoe  the  patriotic  appreciation  in  which  those  whose  work  is  here, 
celebrated  is  held  by  their  countrymen,  and  to  make  the  great  State  they  have  founded  better  known  among  them 
this  work  is  submitted  to  the  people  of  Washington. 

THE  PUBLISHEHS. 

November,  1893. 


CONTENTS 


Chapter.  Page. 

I. — Topograpby— Climate  -  Productions 13 

II. — Earliest  Discoveries 20 

III.— Earliest  Discoveries,  coDtimied 27 

IV. — Overland  Explorations 37 

V. — Rival  Claims  and  Pretensions 48 

VI.— Rival  Claims  and  Pretensions,  continued 57 

VII. — First  American  Settlement 63 

VIII.— Missionary  Occupancy 74 

IX.— Hudson's  Bay  Company 85 

X. — Missions  and  the  Americanization  of  the  North- 
west    95 

XI.— Immigrations 103 

XII.— Immigrations,  continued 113 

XIII. — Provisional  Government 120 

XIV.— Territorial  Era 133 

XV. — Opening  History  North  of  the  ( 'olumbia 141 

XVI.— Separate  Political  Existence 147 

XVII. — Territorial  Government  Organized 151 

XVIII.— Territorial  History,  continued 155 

XIX. — Territorial  History,  continued 158 


XX.— Settlement  of  Eastern  Washington 163 

XXL— Territorial  History,  continued 167 

XXII.— Territorial  History,  continued 172 

XXIII.— Territorial  History,  continued 177 

XXIV.-Progress  to  Statehood 183 

XXV.— Indian  Wars 189 

XXVI.— Indian  Wars,  continued 198 

XXVII.— Indian  Wars,  continued 203 

XXVIII.— Indian  Wars,  continued 206 

XXIX.— Indian  Wars,  continued 209 

XXX.— Indian  Wars,  continued 215 

XXXI.-Indian  Wars, continued 220 

XXXII.-Principal  Cities  of  Washington— Olympia. 337 

XXXIII.— Principal  Cities,  continued— Spokane  233 

XXXIV.— Principal  Cities,  continued  -Tacoma 242 

XXXV.— Principal  Cities,  continued  -Seattle 250 

XXXVI.— Principal  Cities,  continued— Walla  Walla..259 

XXXVII.— The  Mineral  Wealth  of  Washington 264 

XXXVIII.— Early  Washington  Bar 26!) 

XXXIX.— Washington  at  the  World's  Fair 27!» 


BIOGI^APHIGAL    SI^ETGHES. 


A 

Abbott,  L.  G 7G6 

Abbott,  Sabine 571 

Abrams,  D.  K 791 

Adair,  G.  B 906 

Adams,  A.  H C73 

Adams,  M.I. 690 

Ahola,  Peter 843 

Aldrich.M 415 

Alexander,  C.  E 450 

Alexander,  E.  S.  (South  Bend). .693 

Alexander,  G 842 

Alexander,  J.  H 64i 

Allan,  H «48 

Allen,  Albert.   305 

Allen,  G.  S 748 

Allen, . I.  H 604 

Allen,  Watson 573 

Allison,  G.  S 297 

Alvord,  C.  C S61 

Anders,  T.  ,1 751 

Anderson,  A.J 591 

Anderson,  A.  L 780 

Anderson,  A.  W 832 

Anderson,  V.  M 823 

Anderson,  1.  W 854 

Anderson,  T.  McA 355 

Anderson,  W.  R 623 

Andreson,  J.  P.  W 474 

Andrews,  L.  B 457 

Andrews,  Wm 881 

Annis,  O.  M 831 

Ansberi^er,  S 459 

Applegate.J 499 

Armstrong,  6.  S 852 

Armstrong,  J 795 

Armstrong,  J.  M 380 

Arnold,  A.  W .fi87 

Arthur,  John 549 

Arthur,  S.  T 474 

Ashley,  J.  K 366 

Atkinson,  J.  D 614 

Attridge,  R.  D 676 

Auer,  Conrad  857 

B 

Babcock,  G.  W 373 

Backus,  C.  F 304 

Baer,  H.  P 336 

Bailey,  Edmund 682 

Bailey,  Wm.  E 001 

Baillargeon,  J.  A 590 

Baker,  C.  H 528 

Baker,  Sarah  L 814 

Balabanotr,  C.  P 765 

Ballard,  W.U 453 

Ballinger,  R.  A 660 

Barnard,  F.  J 456 

Barnett,  J.  W 493 

Barthrop.  B.  B 730 

Barllett,  F.  A 821 

Bartlett,  F.  A 905 

Bash,  Henry 827 


Beardsley,  J.  F 911 

Becker,  J.  C 444 

Beckett,  D 431 

Beckett.  Henry 738 

Beecher,  H.  F 718 

Beek.i,  L.  H 639 

Beeks,  W.  W 341 

Bennett,  \V.  0 293 

Berger,  Charles 908 

Bergstrom,  A.  P 476 

Bernier,  Julien 778 

Berry,  L.  P 723- 

Bigelow,  I.  N 861 

Billings,  C.  A 870 

Billings,  Wm 679 

Bioudi,  Eugene 833 

Bishop,  M.  S 495 

Blaine,  D.  E 721 

Blalock,  J.  B 303 

Blalock,  Y.  C 749 

Blandford,  H.  S 464 

Blootnfield,  N.  H 348 

Blowers,  A.  D 565 

Blyth,  J.  R 613 

Bonney,  F.  W 849 

Bonney,  L.  W 611 

Botheil,  George 903 

Bostwick,  A.  C 369 

Bosworth,  N 516 

Bowles,  C.  U 499 

Bowman,  J.  H 576 

Bowman,  W.  J 925 

Boyd,  James 731 

Bovd,  Wm.  F 917 

Boyd,  Wm.  P 624 

Brace,  J.  S 483 

Braden,  Joseph 403 

Branaui,  K.  F 610 

Brant,  J.  A.  C 445 

Braun,  Albert 630 

Brawley,  D.  C 870 

Brawley,  W.  R 870 

Bredemeyer,  Wm 835 

Bresemanu,  G 708 

Brewster,  Wm.  II 432 

Briggs,  Albert 8B3 

Brigg.s,  B.  F 583 

Brook,  Henry 420 

Brooks,  Q  A 714 

Brown,  Amoi 545 

Brown,  F.  A 476 

Brown,  F.  R 663 

Brown,  Frilz 38.! 

Brown,  F.  W 809 

Brown,  H.J 333 

Brown,  J.  S 410 

Brown,  S.  W 308 

Brown,  Z.  D 317 

Browne,  J  J 760 

Bryan,  R.  B 675 

Bryant,  W.  J 606 

Bucey,  Henry 930 

Buck,  Norman 436 

Bucklin,  E.  F 693 


Biillene,  G.  W 761 

Bunker,  J.  E 653 

Burke,  Thomas 733 

Burleigh,  A.  F o85 

Burlingame,  1 574 

Burnett,Hiram 556 

Buroker,  D 414 

Burr,  S.  F 696 

Burrows,  C.  E 404 

Burt  A.  K 426 

Burt,  J.  M 462 

Bush,  J.  S . .  .378 

Butler,  Hillory 717 

Butterworth,  E.  R 514 

Byrd.G.  W 617 

Byrd,  J.  C  417 

Byrne,  C.  C 3iS 

C 

Caesar,  P.  V 391 

Cain,  N.  F 811 

Caluwell,  K.  G 683 

Callioun,   (J.  V 779 

Call'>wav,  T.    M 619 

Caiii.Ton,  A 40. 

C;ui,ei.m,  A.  R 491 

Cameron,  II.  J 798 

Campbell,  S.  S 310 

Campbell,  Thomas 343 

Canby,  E.  L 436 

Caples,  H.  L a48 

Caples,  H.  R 475 

Carr,  E.  M o -3 

Carr,  O.  J 602 

Carrier,  B.  N 314 

Carson,  J.  M   486 

Carter,  Harry 656 

Carter,  P.  B 860 

C^arty,  James 820 

Carwell,   I'liilip   794 

CattHrson,  T.  I.   511 

('liainli.'ilin,    II.  G 735 

ChainliHis,  .\    II sn 

C'liaii.ll.T,  W.    .M ..494 

nifiipy  Knllei-  .Mills 353 

ChilhAi-,  .InsHph .'!'.937 

Cliiiinaseio,  A.  (' 461 

Clnnch,  A.  il 733 

C'liunhill,  K.   A    431 

Cbristophfr,  T ^93 

Claoton,  Levi _  .  ,  .7(;7 

Clapp,  C.  F 515 

Clark,  A.  J   376 

Clark,  C.  E 456 

Clark,  F.  L  434 

Clark,  Nelson 210 

Cleveland,  G.  E 3S3 

Clode,  A.  J 635 

Close,  W.  D 637 

Clough,  C.  F  431 

Clough,  L.  B 439 

Cochran,  J.  W 329 

Cole,  G.  E 349 


CONTENTS. 


Collius,  D.  W 776 

Colman,  J.  M  333 

Colvin,  1 650 

Compton,  1 340 

Connell,  Joseph 879 

Conover,  S.  B 703 

Cook,  A.  J 451 

Cook,  A.  R 087 

Coombs,  S.  F 513 

Cooper,  A.  AV  7S3 

Copeland,  G 406 

Copland,  H.  S 756 

Coppin,  Charles 882 

Corell,  H.  A 772 

Corey,  R.  C 9i5 

Corkrum,  U 757 

Corkrum,  W.  J 755 

Corawell,  J.  M 385 

Costly,  Wm  426 

Cottouoir,  D 790 

Cowles,  A.  B 659 

Cowley,  JI.  M 322 

Cox,  H.  R 921 

Coyne,  W.  E.  S 507 

Cram,  Daniel 294 

Cramer,  John 861 

Cranney,  Thomas 567 

Crawford,  S.  L  583 

Crawford,  \\ .  P 455 

Cristman,  John 922 

Crockett  Hugh 007 

CroftOD,  George 811 

Croll,  Samantha 750 

Crosby,  C 325 

Crosby,  Waller 667 

Cross,  W.  N 357 

Crotly,  J.  L 500 

Crowder,  Reuben 620 

Crowley,  D.  J 077 

Cummin,  G.  F 352 

Curry,  A.  P 390 

Curry,  M.  T 508 

Gushing,  C.  W 427 

D 

Daniels,  W.B 468 

Darland,  G.  II 692 

Davenport,  S 4;!5 

Davis,  B.  \V 670 

Davis,  H.  C 542 

Davis,  AV.  N 411 

Dawson,  Charles 910 

Dawson,  L.  R 813 

Day,  B.  F 305 

Dean,  AVm.  M 757 

Delauev,  T.  R 884 

DeLanty,  R 891 

Dennis,  G.  B 338 

Dennis,  t^.  D 450 

Dennison,  B.  F 175 

Denny,  A.  A 169 

Denny,  D.  T 541 

Desor,  L.  G 460 

Dewey,  H.  AV 340 

Dickenson,  J.  R 709 

Dieringrii,  J.  C 585 

Diller,  L 592 

D'Jorup,  Jlrs.  H 601 

Dobbins,  J.  S 880 

Dodge,  J.  AV  503 

Dodge,  R.  B 790 

Dodge,  J[.  M 772 

Domer,  S.  P 296 

Donworth,  George 533 


Dorfner,  George 705 

Dorr,  James 752 

Drew,  M.  S  825 

Drewry,  D.  T 496 

Druraheller,  D.  M 298 

Duback,  J 929 

Dueber,  G.  F 785 

Duffield,  T.  J 469 

Dumon,  J.  H 420 

Dunbar,  R.  0 394 

Dunning,  C.  B 320 

Durr,  H.  A 741 

Du  Vail,  C.  M 791 

Dyer,  E.J 3-30 

Dyer,T.  P 424 

Dysart,  George 3.50 

E 

Eadon,  W.  A 710 

Eagan,  H.  AV 366 

Eagleson,  J.  B 488 

Eakin,  D.  F 484 

Earle  &  Engelbrecht 875 

Eastman,  AVm 425 

Eaton,  J.  E 768 

Eckard,  G.   H 400 

Edwards,  H  402 

Eggert,  E 390 

Eisenbeis,  C 533 

Eisenbeis,  F.  E 888 

EUesperman,  G.  A .588 

Elliott,  H.  S 851 

Ellis,  Arthur 817 

Ellison,  Isaac 056 

Elmer,  AV.  AV 422 

Emery,  CD .526 

Ennis,  N. Otl 

Everette,  AV.  E 740 

Ewing,  Thomas 7«6 

F 

Fairfield,  John 547 

Farquhar,  A 067 

Fawcett,  A.  V 907 

Fawcett,  J.  T 680 

Fay,  Mis.  Hattie  L 665 

Feighan,  J.  AV 442 

Ferguson,  Jesse 367 

Fernandez,  J.  X 872 

Ferrel,  B 409 

Ferry,  E.  P 641 

Fishback,  C.  F 430 

Fisk,  D.  H 419 

Flint,  Fred 3-55 

Flyer,  The  Steamer 655 

Foote,  E.  B 684 

Foraker,  L.  N 401 

Forbes,  C.  L 742 

Ford,  C.  L 564 

Ford,  T.N 061 

Forrest,  AA^m.  T     (i94 

Fortson,  G.  H .524 

Foss,  LAV 536 

Foster,  J.  AV 398 

Fotheringham,  D  B 288 

Freeman,  B.  R 297 

French  Bros 6;0 

Frink,  J.  M 518 

Frost,  A  J 502 

Frost,  Robert 739 

Furnell,  Mrs.  S.  M 829 

Furih,  Jacob 555 


Gabel,  Harry 832 

Galloway,  J.  A 795 

Galloway,  J.  S 449 

Galvin,John 832 

Gano,  B.  J 650 

Gardiner,  W.T 734 

Gasch,  Fred 538 

Gatch,  T.  M 849 

Gatzert,  Bailey 671 

Gazzam,  W.  L 700 

Geiger,  Charles 785 

Geiger,  H.  O 770 

Geoghegan,  J.   I) 473 

Geoghegan,  N 434 

George,  J.  AV  519 

Gerber,  AVm.  F 742 

Gerlach,P.J 411 

Gibson,  J.  A 739 

Gibson,  Joseph 470 

Gilbert,  John 311 

Gilkerson,  Thos 416 

Gillam,  J.  D 848 

Gillette,  E.P 336 

Gilliam.  M 706 

Glass,  AV.  S 843 

Glidden,  S.  S 387 

Glockler,  Charles 780 

Goddard,  J.  H 672 

Goelz,  Jacob 288 

Goode,  Adam 755 

Goodnight,  S 475 

Gordon,  M.J 716 

Gordon,  T.  AV 511 

Gould,  John 563 

Gowey,  J.  F 651 

Graham,  A.  R 346 

Qrambs,  AV  J 384 

Graves,  F.  H 461 

Graves,  J.  P 418 

Green,  E.  M 441 

Geeen,  Joseph 497 

Green,  T.  C 690 

Greeuleaf,  S.  N 902 

Gregory,  D.  AV 351 

Gridlev,  C.  C 449 

Gridley,  H.H.. 444 

Griffin,  Perry 500 

Griffiths,  James 699 

Gritfitts,  T.  C 353 

Griggs,  C.AV 247 

Grove,  C.  E 434 

Grubb,  S  G 344 

Gruber.  Joseph 422 

Gunu,  Peter 516 

Gunther,  E 478 

Guye,  F.  M 017 

H 

Hale,  C.  E 323 

Hale,  VV.  H 496 

Hall,  George  AV 413 

Haller,  G.  0 354 

Hallett,  S 401 

Hamilton,  E.  S 897 

Hamlen,  E.  S 710 

Hammond,  AV.  R 763 

Hancock,  E.J 568 

Hanford,  C.  H 559 

Hauford,  Clarence 509 

Hanna,  J.  W 845 

Hannah,  B.  C 566 


CONTENTS. 


Hanse,  J.  JI 867 

Hanson,  W.  H 909 

Hai-bert,  J.  W 403 

Ilarman,  Wm .873 

Harris,  Emery . .  .744 

Harris,  J.  D 920 

Harris,  J.  F 753 

Hart,  J.  i\I 5B2 

Harwood,  J.  W 350 

Hastings,  F.  W 499 

Hastings,  L.  B 286 

Hastings,  O.  C 723 

Hatcli,  Z.J 633 

Hauser,  A.  E 736 

Hays,  James 757 

Hays,  J.  P 798 

Hays,  W.  F  G28 

Healy,  J.  J 498 

Healy,  M.  J 471 

Heath,  S 34;j 

Heilbron,  G.  H .521 

Hein,  E.  T 437 

Held,B 318 

Helmold,  John 770 

Hemrich,  A 485 

Henry,  F 702 

Henslee,  M.  (' 440 

Hess,  J.  M 643 

Hetzel,  Selden 381 

Hiddleson,  W.  I' 462 

Higdon,  J.  B 777 

Hill,  G.  A  525 

Hill,N.D 865 

Hill,  K.  C S26 

Hill,  S.  G 539 

Hill,  W.  L 621 

Hiuckle}',  T.  D 544 

Hogan,  F.  P 385 

Hclderiiiau,  G 579 

Hole,  LP 322 

Hollenbeck,  H.  0 864 

Holmes,  M.  M 599 

Hooper,  J 758 

Hopkins,  C.  B 305 

Hornibrook,  J 509 

Horr,  J.  C -747 

Horton,  E.  S 803 

Horton,  G.  M 295 

Hortou,  Julius 751 

Hoska,  A.  F 641 

House,  J.  C 705 

Ruber,  Oskar 300 

Huggins,  E 597 

Hughes,  Peter 477 

Hull,  J.  S 358 

Humes,  T.J 413 

Hunt,  A.  B 558 

Hunt,  L.  S.  J 346 

Huntington,  Wm 713 

Huson,  H.  S 793 

Hutu,  Anton 765 

Hyde,  S.  C 764 

Hylak,  Anton  778 

I 

Ingraham,  E.  S  598 

Izett,  J.  M 595 

J 

Jackel,  John 689 

Jackman,  T 553 

Jackson,  Andrew 465 

Jack.son,  Samuel 483 


Jacobs,  Orange 179 

J  acobson,  G 647 

Jacobus,  J.  R 789 

James,  G.  W '836 

James,  Wm 565 

Janicke,  J.  G 712 

Jelich,  B ,^40 

Jennnings.Jetf 4O6 

Jessee,  l3.  AI 2C0 

Jessen,  J.  N 840 

Jewell,  T.  R 311 

Johns,  B.  W 724 

Johnson,  ('.  M (188 

Johnston,  J 025 

Jones,  Jacob (i46 

Jones,  S.  H .477 

Jones,  Wm.  J '  .806 

Jordison,  J 656 

K 

Katz,  Israel  530 

Kaufman,  I.  S 238 

Kayser,  A 463 

Kees,  A.  F 420 

Kelleher,  D 331 

Kelley,  F.  P '...881 

Kelley,  W.  B 631 

Kellogg,  G 359 

Kellogg,  J.  C 654 

Kelly,  George  892 

Kelly,  M.  A 6ll5 

Kennedy,  J 758 

Kenney,John     753 

Kilbourne,  E.  C 397 

King,  C.  D ,572 

Kirby,  J.  F ,569 

Kirschner,  Fred 486 

Kistenmacher,  H 871 

Kleber,  J.  C 721 

Klee,  Joseph 673 

Kline,  J.N 498 

Kloeber,  J.  S 816 

Knapp,  J.  B 918 

Krieghk,  G.  P.  M (172 

Kuhn,  J.  A 287 

Kummer,  G.  W '. 330 

Kurtz,  John 694 

L 

Laiferty,  I.N 473 

Laidler,  W.  R 759 

Lama,  James 790 

Lambert,  D.  H 347 

Lambert,  V.  D 374 

Lammon,  J.  M 707 

Landes,  Henry 551 

Landon,  C.  C 395 

Lane,  Albert 886 

Lansdale,  R.  H 657 

Laraway,  J.  T 929 

La  Roche,  F 539 

Latimer,  N.  H 543 

Laubach.  J.  N.  766 

Laughlin,  A.  W 741 

Laughton,  C.  E 764 

Lavery,  T 327 

Leach,  L.  H  458 

Lefevre,  A 343 

Lemon,  Millard 743 

Leo,  John .771 

Leonard,  J.  E 674 

Lewis,  H.  H 818 

Lewis,  J.  K 548 


Lewis,  P.  H       785 

Libbey,  G.  A 889 

Libby,  J.  B 826 

Lichtenberg,  I.  J 393 

Lieser,  H.  C  383 

Liftchild,  C "3.57 

Light,  E.  A (i09 

Lillis,  H.M 7(HJ 

Lindsley,  A.  A 858 

Lindsley,  H.  E 4->,5 

Lisher,  M.  G 445 

Lister,  David 8:^7 

Littell,  O.  B 810 

Lively,  J.  M 725 

Llewellyn,  W,  H 909 

I-"el'.  ^-  ^ 743 

Long,  J.  H ,527 

Loreuz,  E.  A \\ 739 

Louden,  F.  M .308 

Lowe,  J.  P  460 

Lo wman,  J.  D 423 

Lyall,  Robert 906 

Lynch,  O.  W ,547 

Lyon,  J.  M ,506 

Lyon,  J.  P 600 

Lyons.  Patrick 407 

Macey,  D.  C 446 

MacFarlane,  C.  E 433 

Mack,  P.  L 768 

Mackintosh,  A 5.37 

Maddocks,  M.  R 913 

Maggs,  J.  S '.'.'.'.  .^724 

Maier,  C 701 

Maloney,  R.  W 896 

Malony,  T sou 

Mankin,  Henry 448 

Man  well,  John 300 

Manwell,  T.  L 921 

Mapel,  E.  B 608 

Marsh,  S.  P 490 

Martin,  M   493 

Mason,  C.  Z SI7 

Mason,  Darius 331 

Maxson,  S.  R 416 

Mc AUep,  J.  W   600 

McBralney,  T.  .J 915 

McBride,  Gabiiel 776 

McBride,  J.  R 239 

JIcBroom,  A.  K 494 

McCabe  &  Hamilton  897 

McClelan,  Mrs.  Ann .  .808 

McClintic,  E.  M 480 

McDonald,  J.  M 715 

McDonald,  J.  R 429 

McDouall,  C 341 

McElroy,  J.  F 463 

JIcEvoy,  Joseph 405 

McFarlane,  P.  (' 373 

McGilvra,  J.  J 284 

McHargue,  R.  H 290 

Mclnroe  Charles 396 

Mclnroe,  James 398 

Mclrvin,  J.  W 802 

Mclrvin,  M.  K 920 

Mclrvin,  W.  S 920 

McKee,  A.  G 742 

McKenny,  T.  J 837 

McKinnev,  T.  M 343 

McLaugiriin,  A.  li 883 

McLouuhlin,  John 88 

McMicken,  Wm 553 

McMillan,  A mv, 


McMillan,  H.  H 452 

McNaugUt,  J.  F  537 

McNeill,  H 483 

McPherson,  A.  D 368 

McWilliams,  J.  A 894 

Meacham,  J Tdd 

Mead,  H.  L 361 

Meade,  E.  C 799 

Meeker,  E.  M 915 

Meeker,  P.  S 868 

Meeker,  J.  P 869 

Meeker,  J.  V 799 

Meeker,  Nancy 711 

Meloy,  P.  B  850 

Melville,  J.  I   350 

Mercer,  Thomas 5!«9 

Merdian,  George  358 

Merriam,  C.  K  493 

Merrill,  T.  H   854 

Metcalf,  J.  W 466 

Melcalf,  W.  H 438 

Metcalfe,  J.  B 301 

Metzler,  P.. 873 

Meydenbaner.  Wm 885 

Michigan  Lumber  Co 373 

Miles.  Z.C 463 

Miller,  A.J 715 

Miller,  A.  N 713 

Miller,  A.  S 491 

Miller,  Edward 582 

Miller,  F.  P 564 

Miller,  J.  F  818 

Miller,  P.  B.  M ...911 

Mills,  A.  J 893 

Mills,  Elkanah 790 

Milroy,  V.  A 681 

Mize,  H 868 

Mockel,  G.  H 422 

Monaghan,  D 800 

Monaghan,  J 303 

Moore,  E.J 505 

Moore,  F.  li 453 

Moore,  J.  E 577 

Moore,  M.  C 260 

Moore,  P.  D 688 

Morgan,  H.  E 916 

Morris,  C.  E 586 

Mount,  J.  S 344 

Mliller,  J.  A 698 

Munday,  C.  F 375 

Munday,  J.  A 438 

Munson,  C 625 

Murphy,  J.  M 937 

Myers,  Joel  640 

N 

Neel,C.  W 8.30 

Neely,  A.  S 887 

Neilson,  E 653 

Nelson,  H 385 

Nelson,  Wm 395 

Nerlon,G.  A 451 

Nesbit,  Thomas 566 

Nesbitt,  J 479 

Nevil,  W.  C 777 

Newland,  Berry  &  Co 443 

Newland,  Isaac 633 

Newman,  D.  C 441 

Nicol,  A.  R 504 

Niedergesaess,  R 581 

Noack,  A  353 

Nolan,  S.  M 898 

Norman,  W.S 335 

Northcraft,  P.  D 709 

Nuzum,  N.  E  333 


O 

O'Brien,  R.  G 662 

O'Connell,  M 451 

Ogle,  Van 914 

O'Keane,  J  443 

O'Keane,  Patrick 399 

Oliver,  Thomas 855 

Olmsted,  E.  D  477 

O'Neill,  James 319 

Orchard,  J.  0 9i8 

Osborn,  Richard 781 

Osgood,  P.  H   554 

Ostrander,  J.  Y 497 

Ostrander,  N 233 

Overlook,  Wm.  H  309 

Ouellette,  L.  P 813 

P 

Pacific  Navigation  Co 924 

Packwood,  Wm fe89 

Padden,  T.  W 45n 

Paddock,  J.  A 878 

Pagett,  C.  C 900 

Paiae,  F.  W 364 

Palmer,  J.  W 704 

Palmer,  Thomas 923 

Parker,  E.  N   698 

Parker,  Isaac 923 

Parker  James 630 

Parrish,  S.  B 890 

Patten,  B.  F 679 

Patton,  T.  F 847 

Patterson,  N.  A 417 

Pattison,  James 618 

Pattison,  James .■ 678 

Paul,  Frank 859 

Paul,  Thomas 404 

Paulson,  Paul 730 

Payne,  J.  H 369 

Payne,  M 643 

Payne,  Wm 883 

Peebles,  H.  G 433 

Peel,  J.  J.  L 306 

Penfield,  C.  8 410 

Percival,  D.  F 344 

Pelerman,  T.  F 899 

Peterson,  Arthur 619 

Peterson,  F.  H 892 

Petkovits.  R 488 

Petlit,  B.  W 484 

Pettygrovp,  B.  S 312 

Pickens.  J.  M 851 

Pickering,  Wm  829 

Pierce,  C.  L 792 

Pierce,  D.  W 853 

Pierce,  McDonald 454 

Piles,  S.H 833 

Pinkney,  A.  R 428 

Pitchford,  C.  W 543 

Plomando,  S 791 

Plummer,  A.  A 530 

Plummer,  W.  H 296 

Port  Townsend    Sleel    Wire  & 

Nail  Co 726 

Powell,  F.  A 347 

Power,  Mrs.  M.  J 594 

Prather.L.H 237 

Prather,  Thomas 746 

Pratt,  J.  W 295 

Prescott,  D.  S 380 

Prevost  &  Pfeiffer 771 

Preusse,  II 505 

Price,  G.  W 636 


Prosch,  Charles 391 

Provine,  A.  G 774 

Puget  Sound  Flouring  Mill  Co.910 

Puget  Sound  Pipe  Co 813 

Pugh,  F.  M.K 478 

Pumphrey,  Wm 789 

Pumphrey,Wm.  H 616 

Pusey,  V.  A 315 


R 


Rasmusson,  J.  R 298 

Rawson,  G.  A 917 

Rayburn,  I.  N.  E :568 

Redhead,  W.  W 317 

Redman,  J.  T (iSS 

Redpath,  N.J 933 

Reed,  C.  C 578 

Reed,  G.  K 332 

Reed,  T.  M  613 

Reed,  T.  M.,Jr 543 

Reeder,  J.  W 797 

Reeves,  Wm.  H 520 

Reich,  G.  A 550 

Reinhart,  0.  S 695 

Reitzig,  C 789 

Remington,  A.  J 359 

Reni,  T.  B 240 

Ren  wick,  W.  G.  V 483 

Reynolds  &  Stewart 370 

Richardson,  W.  E 379 

Richter,  A 887 

Ricker,  C.  H 863 

Riley,  W.  W 816 

Ritchie,  W.  A 362 

Rilz,  Mrs.  C.  J 262 

Robb,  Robert 514 

Robbins,  C.  W 373 

Roberts,  G.  E 805 

Roberts  Shingle  Co 913 

Roberts,  W.  E 913 

Roberts,  W.  H  658 

Robertson,  Wm.  B 510 

Rogers,  N.  L 648 

Rogers,  J.  S 745 

Rohlfs,  D 574 

Rohn.  J.  J 413 

Romaiue,  F.  S 569 

Ronald,  J.  T 291 

Root,  O.  G 620 

Ross.  D.  M 828 

Ross,  E.  J 923 

Ross,  K.  J.  L 453 

Ross,  R.  D 775 

Rothschild,  L  900 

Rowland,  I.  W 876 

Rumsey,  J.  W 546 

Russell,  \V.  L 292 

Ryan,  G.  H 796 

Ryman,  C.  M 346 

S 

Sachs,  M.B 703 

Sales,  J.  E 882 

Saltar,  John 645 

Sampson,  R 615 

Sanders,  John 411 

Sandys,  Wm 426 

Sanderson,  J.  H 913 

Saunders  Bros 401 

Saunders,  J.  C 711 

Schadewald,  F 784 

Scheuchzer,  J.  F 649 


Scholl,  J.  D 933 

Seal,  C  F 697 

Secrist,  S.  N 4^2 

Sellwood,  J.  J 413 

Semple,  Eugene 393 

Semple,  J.  M 319 

Sbadle,  J.  A 843 

Shane,  C.  W 482 

Shannon,  G.  D 811 

Shannon,  James ,527 

Sharpstine,  B.  L 178 

Shaw,  A.  F 845 

Shaw,  C.  G 875 

Shaw  LeF  A 373 

Sheafe,  C.  M 526 

Sheehan,  J.  F  878 

Shelton,  L.  D.  W 575 

Shepard,  T.  R 438 

Shepherd,  D  354 

Shields,  H.  E 895 

Shobeit,  Frederick  &  Stephen. 803 

Shorey,  O.  U 774 

Shoudy,  W.  H 745 

Sbullz,  I.  W  351 

Siburjr,  Wm 769 

Sloan,  T.  VV 502 

Smith,  C.  F 896 

Smith,  D.C 740 

Smith,  E.  L 642 

Smith,  E.  S 815 

Smith,  Everett 345 

Smith,  H.  A 467 

Smith,  J.  A 775 

Smith,  J.  B 400 

Smith,  Lewis 737 

Smith,  Peter 888 

Smith,  R.  J 475 

Smith,  P.  .J 907 

Smith,  W.  P 315 

Smith,  W.  U 773 

Snipes,  B.  E 579 

Snodgrass,  T.  D 780 

Sohus  &  Norval 383 

South  Bend 693 

Spalding,  C  H 493 

Sparling,  F.  W 869 

Sparling,  G.  H.  T 844 

Spauldiug,  A.  P 375 

Spencer,  D.  A 533 

Spencer,  John 586 

Spencer,  W.  B 859 

Spinning,  B.  M 555 

Spinning,  C.  H 814 

Spinning,  F.  W 871 

Sprague,  J.  W 245 

Spriggs,  J.  W 528 

Spurgeon,  M 732 

Starrett,  G.  E 843 

Steadman,  CM 371 

Steamer  "Flyer" 655 

Stearns,  W.  L  860 

Steinmann,  H 834 

Stepwalt,  J.  H 801 

Stevens,  D.  K 748 

Stevens,  Hazard 540 

Stevens,  I.  1  328 

Stevens,  J.  E 349 

Stevenson,  J.  M 686 

Stevenson,  R a58 

Stewart,  A.  W 614 

Stewart,  C.  W 786 

Stewart,  Daniel 261 

Stewart,  R.  E  381       i 

St.  John,  H.  H 433      ' 


Stoneman,  G.J 517 

Stoughton,  J.  A 419 

Stout,  J.  A 487 

Stout,  J.  K ...418 

Stoul,  R.  B  446 

Strack,  J.  W 448 

Stratton,  E.  M  !i24 

Strickland,  R.  E   M 495 

Street,  S.  F 857 

Stumer,  H.  E 034 

Sturdevani,  R.  F 596 

Sullivan,  P.  C 603 

Sutton,  Samuel 656 

Sutton,   W.J 345 

Swan,  J.  G 535 

Swan,  J.  M b04 

Sweeney,  E.  F 503 

Sweeney,  J.  P 289 

Swetland,  Scott 849 

T 

Talcott,  L.  L 668 

Tallman,  B.  J 560 

Tate,  John 318 

Taylor,  A.J 656 

Taylor,  J.  A .364 

Taylor,  J.  M 386 

Thomas,  A 763 

Thomas,  C.  W 669 

Thomas,  H.  L 770 

Thomas,  J.  S 601 

Thompson,  GB 639 

Thompson,  J.  K 727 

Thompson,  S 815 

Thompson,  VVm.  H 619 

Thomson,  R.  H 334 

Thomson,  R  L 501 

Thornton,  John 720 

Tibbetts,  G.  W 819 

Tilton,  F.  A 307 

Tilton,  H.  L 307 

Toussaint,  A.  F  447 

Town,  I.  A 904 

Tracy,  John 408 

Trask,  H.  P 470 

Tripp,  Bartlett 836 

Tucker,  A.  H 897 

Turner,  D.J 637 

Tuttle,  H.  P 294 

Twichell,  F.  A 316 

U 

Upton,  Wm.  H 389 

V 

Van  Aresdale,  T.  F 784 

Van  Asselt,  H 522 

Vaughn,  Wm.  D 808 

Vincent,  Benj   750 

Votaw,  H.  L  795 

AV 

Waggoner,  W.  E 396 

Wagner,  G.  C  874 

Wald,  F.  W 474 

Waldo,  S.  S 895 

Walsh,  C.  A 479 

Walsh,  P.  P       827 

Walsworth,  C.  B 880 

Ward,  Moses 640 

Ward,  W.  H 759 

Washburn,  P.  S 481 

Wasson,  A .534 


Waterhouse,  F 034 

Watson,  A.  L ...790 

Watson,  Robert .487 

Waughop,  J.  W .'.'.'.'.' .' '  '683 

Wear,  R.  C a32 

Weavei-,  D.  L  507 

Webb,  w.  T........;;;;;.;;'437 

Webster,  A '  '48!) 

Webster,  E.  J ""313 

Weed  G.  A ::::877 

Weinberg,  A rSb 

Weir,  Allen 664 

Weir,  W.  G 69'^ 

Wei  ler,  Godfrey (j,5, 

West,  C.S 33i3 

Weston,  AT...  '""90 

Wheeler,  H.  AV. . .  099 

White,  C.  L ,518 

White,  O.  C 933 

White,  S.M '.   ..'■••389 

White,  W.  J "516 

White,  Wm.H..     .     .533 

Whitham,  R.  F 807 

Whitworth,  F.  H ,531 

Whit  worth,  G.  F  "57 

Whyte,  Albert 377 

Willey,S '....■.■.'.■."696 

Williams,  S.  C 362 

Willis  M.W ""570 

Willis,  S.  P ""..'"'      "719 

Wilson,  A.  G '303 

Wilson,  G.R ."..'.'.■.•.•638 

Wilson,  W.E 632 

Winslow,  F.  H ' '  .501 

Winstock,  M.  G 616 

Wintermute,  J.  S !  .874 

Wissinger,  D '788 

Witt,  P.  S '"409 

Wittier,  E.  F 513 

Wolcolt,  J.  R     ...  ' "sso 

Wold,  I.  A "773 

Wold,  L.A ;.'..'.635 

Wolverton,  A.  P 336 

Wolverton,  G.  S ...         318 

Wood,  E.  L .  .729 

Wood,  James  R .310 

Wood,  James  R 652 

Wood,  James  R 853 

Wood,  M.  D 778 

Wood,  Wm.  D 529 

Woodard,  A.  B 691 

Woodhouse,  C.  C,  Jr 903 

Woodin,  Ira ...447 

Woods,  Andrew '.".'.  .647 

Woods,  Salem 561 

Woolery,  A.  H 5.54 

Woolery,  J.  H 699 

Wyckoir,  Wm.  H 734 

Wyman,  H.  M 846 

Y 

Yates,  Edward 443 

Yeaton,  C.  F 8i4 

Yesler,  H.  L 252 

Yocom,  J.  R 427 

Yoder,  Moses 371 

Young,  Antonio  885 

Young,  A.  B 685 

Young,  B.  F 716 

Young,  E.  T 8.53 

Young,  M.  H 731 

Z 
Zabriskie,  C.  B 683 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Bigelow,  I.  N 861 

Blalock,  Y.  C 749 

Burke,  Thomas 733 

Burleigh,  A.  F 685 

Butler,  Hillory 717 

Clark  Springs 233 

ColmaD,  J.  M 333 

DawsoD,  L.  H 813 

Day,  B.F 365 

First  House  in  Jeffrson  County.US 

Fort  Nisqually 84 

Gordon,  T.  W 511 


Graves,  F.  H 461 

Haller,  G.  O 254 

Hanna,  J.  W 845 

Hill,  G.  A 525 

Hill,  W.  L  621 

Indian  Camp 19 

Indian  Hop  Pickers 19 

Jacobs,  Orange 179 

Llewellyn,  W.  H 909 

Mackintosh,  Angus 557 

Maier,  Christian 701 

McBride,  J.  R 239 

McDonald,  J.  R 429 

McGilvra,  J.J 284 


McLoughlin,  John 88 

Mercer,  Thomas 589 

Merriam,  C.  K 493 

Metcalfe,  J.  B 301 

Olympia  and  Harbor 227 

Osborn,  Richard 781 

Pickering,  Wm  829 

Port  Townsend 145 

Prather,L.  H 237 

Thomas,  C.W 669 

Washington  State  Building 279 

Weed,  G.  A 877 

Whitworth,  G.  F 257 


ISTORY  OF  WASHIDGTOI 


CHAPTER  I. 


Topography — Climate — Productions. 


T'lIE  State  of  Wasliingtou  is,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Alaska,  tlie  most  northwestern 
of  the  political  divisions  of  the  United 
States.  Its  form  is  a  broad  parallelogram, 
fronting  westward  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  for  a 
distance  of  245  miles,  and  having  a  length  from 
east  to  west  of  aljoiit  300  miles.  On  the  north 
the  magnificent  straits  of  Jnan  de  Fuca,  separ- 
ating it  from  British  Colnmbia,  forms  its  boun- 
dary until  it  reaches  the  point  where  the  4:9th° 
of  latitude  strikes  that  strait,  when  the  line 
follows  that  parallel  eastward  for  a  distance  of 
250  miles.  Thence  the  line  goes  due  south  to 
the  46th°  of  latitude,  then  west  until  that  de- 
gree strikes  the  Columbia  river  about  300  miles 
from  the  ocean,  and  then  follows  the  channel  of 
that  river  to  the  sea.  On  the  whole,  the  outlines 
of  the  State  are  regular,  but  within  these  out- 
lines there  is  probably  a  topography  more  diver- 
sified in  surface,  and  more  varied  by  land  and 
water  than  can  be  shown  by  any  other  State  of 
the  Union.  It  has  an  area  of  69,994  square 
miles,  of  which  3,144  square  miles  are  water. 
It  is  over  three-fourths  the  size  of  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania  combined.  Compared  with 
the  Western  States  its  area  is  about  equal  to  that 
of  Ohio  and  Indiana. 

The  most  prominent  feature  of  the  topography 
of  Washington  is  its  immense  extent  of  ocean 
and  strait  and  sonnd  and  navigable  river  lines. 
The  Pacific  Ocean  washes  its  entire  western 
shore.  In  that  extent  are  Shoalwater  Bay  and 
Gray's  Harbor,  each  a  deep  inlet  sweeping  many 
miles  into  the  land,  and  cacii  affording  safe  and 


accessible  harbors  for  a  large  commerce.  The 
Straits  of  Fuca,  from  twenty  to  forty  miles  in 
width,  and  carrying  the  depth  of  the  sea,  de- 
scribes a  semi-circle  projecting  into  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  strait  with  an  are  of  nearlv 
200  miles  in  lengtli.  Breaking  southward  from 
the  eastern  center  of  this  arc,  about  lOO  miles 
from  the  ocean,  Puget  Sound,  with  its  innumer- 
able bays,  and  inlets,  and  canals,  extends  more 
than  a  hundred  miles,  reaching  the  very  center 
of  the  State,  and  furnishing  in  all  a  shore-line 
of  not  less  than  a  thousand  miles  washed  by  the 
ebb  and  flow  of  the  tide.  Besides  this,  the  Co- 
lumbia river  coming  down  from  British  Colum- 
bia on  the  north,  enters  the  State  a  few  miles 
west  of  its  northeastern  corner,  and  crosses  its 
whole  breadth  diagonally  to  the  southwest, 
swinging  in  great  bends  through  its  vast  prairies 
east  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  until  it  reaches 
the  46th°  of  latitude,  when  it  flows  along  its 
soutiiern  line  to  the  ocean.  The  Snake  river, 
the  great  southern  branch  of  the  (Columbia, 
comes  into  the  State  from  the  east  near  its 
southern  border,  and  after  flowing  for  nearly 
200  miles  within  it  joins  the  greater  river  aijout 
twenty  miles  north  of  the  Oregon  line. 

These  are  great  rivers, — among  the  greatest 
of  the  continent,  and  together  furnish  within 
the  State  and  along  its  line  well  nigh  a  thousand 
miles  of  steamboat  navigation.  An  almost  iij- 
numberable  number  of  smaller  rivers  flow  down 
from  the  great  mountain  ranges  towards  the 
Columbia  and  Snake  rivers,  and  toward  Puget 
Sound,  some  of   which  are  navigal)le  for   tniall 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


steamers  for  many  miles.  East  of  the  Cascade 
mountains  tlie  most  important  of  tliese  are  the 
Spokane  and  the  Yakima,  both  of  which  drain 
large  valleys  and  immense  mountain  slopes,  and 
empty  into  the  Columbia.  West  of  the  Cas- 
cade the  Skagit,  the  Snohomish,  the  Puyallnp, 
the  Chehalis,  and  the  Cowlitz,  are  the  chief, 
liltlioiigh  there  are  many  others  approaching 
tliese  in  size  and  importance. 

This  brief  and  incomplete  statement  will  suf- 
fice to  show  that  there  is  no  State  of  the  Union 
so  plentifully  watered  by  rivers  and  smaller 
streams  as  is  the  State  of  Washington. 

Topographically,  Washington  is  divided  into 
two  very  distinct  departments,  namely,  the 
Fiiget  Sound  basin  and  the  great  valley  of  the 
Upper  Columbia.  Between  these,  running 
north  and  south  through  the  entire  State,  is  the 
great  range  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.  This 
mouiitain  range  is  the  grandest  and  most  im- 
posing in  North  America.  Commencing  near 
the  extreme  southern  portion  of  the  continent, 
it  grows  mre  and  more  imposing  as  we  move 
northward  until  in  Mount  St.  Elias,  far  up 
toward  Behring's  Straits,  it  reaches  its  highest 
altitude.  It  has  more  of  the  great,  snow-capped 
volcanic  cones  that  rise  from  12,000  to  20,000 
feet  in  height  than  any  other  range  of 
North  America,  and  has  a  breadth  and  rugged- 
ness  that  can  scarcely  be  paralleled  elsewhere 
among  mountain  ranges.  In  Washington  the 
range  is  swelling  toward  its  grandest  dimen- 
sions, and  several  of  its  mightiest  pinnacles  are 
within  the  limits  of  this  State. 

Beginning  near  the  southern  line.  Mount 
Adams  and  Mount  St.  Helens  sentinel  the 
mighty  gates  of  the  Columbia  river.  Further 
north  and  overlooking  the  upper  region  of 
Puget  Sound,  Mount  Rainier  lifts  its  broad 
shoulders  and  its  hoary  head  clear  against  the 
sky,  presenting  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
expressions  of  physical  majesty  and  power  that 
the  eye  ever  looked  upon.  Still  to  the  north, 
and  near  the  watei-s  of  the  Straits  of  Fuca, 
Mount  Baker  almost  rivals  Ranier  in  majesty 
and  grandeur.     Between   them  are  summits  in- 


numerable, that  in  any  land  but  this  would  Ite 
famed  for  their  sublimity;  and,  stretching 
away  east  and  west  the  whole  width  of  the 
range,  not  less  than  fifty  miles  in  any  place, 
and  reaching  a  hundred  in  others,  is  in  view  of 
from  the  slopes  or  summits  of  these  higher 
peaks.  The  gorges  that  cleave  the  sides  and 
separate  the  bases  of  these  mountains  are  as 
deep  and  awful  as  the  mountains  are  high  and 
sublime.  Down  them  pour  roaring  rivers  that 
rush  madly  away  from  the  imprisonment  of 
the  mountain  barriers  as  though  eager  to  find 
their  eternal  freedom  in  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  great  glaciers  of  the  snowy  mountains 
move  slowly  down  the  immense  clefts  of  the 
icy  pinnacles,  grinding  the  granite  to  powder 
under  their  crush,  and  bearing  great  boulders 
on  their  white  bosom  until  the  sunshine  of 
the  plain  unlocks  their  fetters  of  frost  and 
leaves  them  miles  and  miles  away  from  where 
the  avalanche  wrenched  them  from  their  gran- 
ite pedestals.  Power,  majesty,  sublimity,  eter- 
nity are  all  symboled  by  the  vast  ranges  and 
mighty  pinnacles,  and  no  one  can  contemplate 
them  without  a  feeling  of  overwhelming  awe: 
a  feeling  that  increases  rather  than  diminishes 
as  he  dwells  in  communion  with  them  through 
the  years  and  the  decades. 

West  of  Puget  Sound  and  between  it  and 
the  Pacific  ocean  is  the  Olympic  range.  This 
range  terminates  at  the  north  against  the 
Straits  of  Fuca,  and  extends  southward  a  full 
hundred  miles,  well  toward  the  Columbia 
river.  Lower  and  narrower  than  the  Cascade 
range,  yet  it  is  one  that,  seen  from  Puget 
Sound  or  from  the  ocean  coast,  presents  many 
most  striking  and  beautiful  scenes.  Indeed, 
true  to  its  happily  selected  name,  it  presents 
much  most  alluring  scenery,  and  charms  the 
eye  with  its  classic  ruggedness  and  beauty.  It 
rises  in  pinnacled  abruptness  on  the  one  side 
from  the  sea  and  on  the  other  from  the  Sound, 
and  its  clear  outline  is  sharply  cut  against  the 
summer  sky,  holding  the  imagination  in  a 
pleasing  thrall,  as  the  lights  and  shadows  of  the 
evening  and  morning  play  and   troop  along  its 


UISJOHY    OB'    WASHINGTON. 


piilfs  and  over  its  al]iine  gorges  and  precipices. 
Tlierc  is  more  of  tlic  sharp  outline,  the  steep 
rnggeil  grandeur,  and  the  calm,  reposei'ul 
strength  of  the  Alps  of  Switzerland  in  it  than 
in  auj  other  of  tlie  Amei'ican  ranges. 

Between  these  two  ranges, — the  Cascades  and 
Olympic, — lies  the  basin  of  Puget  Sound.  The 
pinnacles  of  these  ranges  are  probaLly  nearly  a 
hnndred  miles  apart.  More  than  half  of  this 
distance  is  taken  up  by  the  tnountain  slopes, 
and  the  remainder  by  the  Sound  itself  and  the 
rolling  and  heavily  timbered  nplands  that  stretch 
away  from  its  shores.  The  peculiar  and  dis- 
tinguishing characteristic  of  this  basin  is  the 
body  of  water  that  gives  it  name — Puget 
Sound.  Let  us,  in  a  few  sentences,  endeavor  to 
give  it  some  limning  to  the  eye  of  the  reader. 

We  will  imagine  ourselves  sailing  in  from 
the  ocean  between  the  bold  headlands  of  Cape 
Flattery  and  Point  San  Juan,  and  entering  the 
vast  system  of  inland  seas  constituted  by  the 
Straits  of  Fnca,  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  and  Puget 
Sound.  We  enter  a  passage  nearly  half  a  de- 
gree of  latitude  in  width,  which  carries  its  full 
volume,  with  the  depth  and  appearance  of  the 
ocean,  eastward  for  a  hundred  miles,  when  the 
innumerable  islands  of  the  San  Juan  archipelago 
divide  its  broadened  waters  into  as  innumerable 
narrow  channels,  which  swing  and  sway  away 
among  them  in  an  infinitude  of  graceful  curves 
and  angles,  always  changing  as  the  tides  are 
pressed  and  turned  by  their  bold  precipices  or 
their  sloping  shores.  Just  south  of  this,  and 
breaking  away  from  the  main  Straits,  are  many 
channels,  also  separated  by  many  of  the  most 
beautiful  islands  that  ever  dimpled  the  face  of 
a  sea.  Puget  Sound  stretches  its  sea-deep  tides 
into  the  far  recesses  of  the  ever-frowning  and 
embosoming  mountains.  Measured  across  all 
its  surface,  including  the  islands  that  everywhere 
stud  its  bosom,  the  Sound  cannot  average  less 
than  from  ten  to  twenty  miles  in  width.  Pro- 
jecting into  the  rounded,  wooded  shores  every- 
where, bays  and  harbors  without  number  afford 
safe  anchorage  for  vessels  of  any  draft.  For  a 
hundred  and   twenty  miles  southward,  clear  to 


Olyiupia.  the  capital  of  the  State,  it  also  carries 
the  depth  and  semblance  of  the  sea, — in  fact,  is 
the  sea  in  all  its  characteristics  of  tides  and  pro- 
ductions of  every  kind.  It  is  alive  with  sea- 
tish,  and  marine  plants  tioat  everywhere  upon 
its  surface. 

As  to  scenery,  with  all  the  possible  combina- 
tions of  land  and  water,  of  sea  and  island,  of 
plain  and  mountain,  of  lake  and  river,  it  is 
doubtful  whether  a  spot  can  be  found  on  earth 
that  rivals  Puget  Sound.  Something  more  of 
of  this  will  be  noted  when  we  come  to  speak  of 
its  cities,  and  so  we  shall  pass  it  by  with  this 
slight  notice  at  this  place. 

The  country  bordering  the  Sound,  on  both 
sides,  and  extending  to  the  slopes  of  the  mount- 
ains, with  small  exceptions,  is  very  densely  tim- 
bered. It  bears  the  grandest  growth  of  fir  and 
cedar  that  can  be  found  upon  the  continent. 
Untold  thousands  of  these  giant  trees  are  from 
five  to  ten  feet  in  diameter,  and  will  reach  from 
200  to  300  feet  in  length.  Their  roots  draw  in 
naarvelous  support  from  the  rich  soil  in  which 
theyare  planted,  and  their  leaves  drink  growing 
life  from  the  moist  and  sea-salted  atmosphere 
always  breathed  over  them.  The  exceptions  to 
this  statement  are  found  in  the  tide-fiats  that 
margin  the  lower  portion  of  tlie  Sound,  and  in 
the  comparatively  small  prairies  which  island 
the  great  woodland  that  sweeps  around  its 
head.  The  tide-flats  are  exceedingly  rich  in 
soil,  and,  when  dyked  and  cultivated,  marvel- 
ously  productive.  The  prairies  are  mostly  of  a 
light,  gravelly  soil,  and  are  not  of  great  worth 
for  agriculture. 

It  will  be  obvious  to  the  reader  at  once  that 
the  rivers  entering  the  sound  are  generally 
small.  So  near  are  the  mountain  ranges  on 
either  hand  that  they  must  needs  be  so.  For 
the  most  of  their  courses  they  are  mountain 
torrents,  and  then  they  broaden,  near  the  sound, 
into  streams  up  which  the  tides  push  for  some 
miles.  Some  of  them  are  rated  as  navigable 
streams  although  some  small  steamers  ply  on 
their  tide-waters  for  a  few  miles.  They  all 
water  valleys,  of  greater  or  less  width,  of  very 


IIISTOnr     OF    WASHINGTON. 


rich  i^oil,  which  wlien  the  grand  forests  are 
cleared  away  are  remarkably  productive,  es- 
pecially in  vegetables  and  fruits  and  hops;  and 
it  is  in  this  line  mostly  that  the  lands  of  Paget 
Sound  basin  can  be  set  down  as  agricultural. 

That  portion  of  the  State  which  lies  directly 
on  the  Pacific  coast  is  separated  from  that 
margining  Puget  Sound  by  the  Olympic  range, 
of  which  mention  has  already  been  made.  These 
mountains  crowd  the  sea  so  closely  that  there  is 
coniparativelj  little  agricultural  land  between 
them.  The  streams  that  flow  down  from  them 
either  to  the  ocean  or  the  sound  are  small  and 
short.  The  first  one  from  the  straits  of  Fuca 
southward  that  cleaves  the  range  is  the  Che- 
halis,  which  enters  the  head  of  Gray's  Harbor, 
more  than  100  miles  south  of  the  Straits.  This 
river  and  its  tributaries  drain  a  very  lai-ge  region 
of  rich,  though  mostly  heavily  timbered,  coun- 
try, rather  level  for  this  portion  of  the  coast, 
yet  in  places  rising  into  ridges  and  hills  that 
would  be  considered  mountains  in  the  Middle 
States.  Its  wealth  of  forest  is  incomputable. 
Of  timber  available  for  lumber  it  is  not  likely 
that  any  portion  of  the  United  States  ever  fur- 
nished such  an  abundant  supply.  Cedai',  fir 
and  spruce  attain  a  size  and  quality  that  are  re- 
markable. Along  all  the  streams,  up  all  the 
hill-slopes,  over  all  the  valleys,  the  tall  spires 
of  these  evergreens  climb  skyward  from  200  to 
300  feet,  often  reaching  a  diameter,  twenty 
feet  from  the  ground,  of  from  eight  to  twelve 
feet. 

What  is  said  of  the  region  of  the  Chehalis 
and  Gray's  Harbor  is  alike  true  of  that  surround- 
ing Shoalwater  Bay,  a  few  miles  further  to  the 
south.  Indeed,  Gray's  Harbor  and  Shoalwater 
Pay  really  belong  to  one  great  indentation  in  the 
Coast  range  of  mountains  which  continues  still 
to  the  south,  and  about  fifteen  miles  from  the 
Bay  also  receives  the  vast  flood  of  the  Columbia 
river.  The  great  break  in  this  range  iu  which 
the  Columbia,  Shoalwater  Bay  and  Gray's  Harbor 
are  iound,  is  the  only  one  from  the  straits  of 
Fuca  to  the  "  Golden  Gate."  It  is  not  less  than 
fifty  miles  iu  width,  and  is  the  distinguishing 


topographical  feature  of  the  coast  within  the 
State  of  Washington. 

Our  readers  would  not  fully  understand  the 
topographical  character  of  the  western  part  of 
the  State  without  some  speciflc  notice  of  that 
part  of  it  that  lies  on  the  Columbia  river,  from 
the  n^outh  of  that  mighty  stream  to  the  Cascade 
range, — a  distance  of  125  miles.  The  head  of 
Puget  Sound  is  separated  from  the  Columbia  by 
a  stretch  of  heavily  timbered  country,  inter- 
spersed with  occasional  small  prairies,  100  miles 
in  length.  Half  of  that  distance  is  traced  by 
the  CoM-litz  river,  a  bold,  dashing  stream  that 
comes  down  from  the  icy  gorges  of  Mount  St. 
Helen's  westward,  as  though  it  had  started  for 
the  sea  at  the  head  of  Gray's  Harbor,  but  meet- 
ing the  obstruction  of  a  lateral  spur  of  hills  that 
projects  from  the  Cascade  range  between  itself 
and  the  Chehalis  river,  concludes  to  turn  to  the 
south  in  its  quest  for  the  ocean,  and  finds  the 
tidal  level  by  the  way  of  the  Columbia.  The 
valley  of  the  Cowlitz  strikes  the  Columbia  from 
the  north  about  half  way  from  the  mountains 
to  the  sea.  Between  this  point  and  the  ocean 
the  country  is  very  rough,  even  mountainous, 
and  bears  the  characteristic  growth  of  timber 
which  distinguishes  all  Western  Washington. 

Immediately  east  of  this  point,  and  up  the 
Columbia,  the  Cascades  shoot  down  a  lateral 
spur  of  mountains  clear  against  the  river.  Still 
further  east  this  range  sweeps  far  back  from  the 
river  to  the  north,  then  circles  eastward  and  then 
southward  again,  forming  a  great  valley,  ap- 
proaching a  circle  in  form,  of  at  least  fifty  miles 
in  diameter.  The  southern  arc  of  the  circum- 
ference of  the  valley  is  formed  by  the  Columbia 
river, — a  vast  tidal  flood  of  from  one  to  two 
miles  in  width,  and  deep  enough  for  the  largest 
ships;  and  the  northern  by  the  mountain  range. 
This  is  not  a  level  valley,  but  one  of  variable 
surface,  traced  by  numerous  small  rivers  and 
creeks,  and  in  its  natural  growths  repeats  the 
topographical  conditions  of  all  Western  Wash- 
ington. Its  soil  is  very  excellent,  combining 
disintegrated  basalt  and  granite  with  alluvial 
deposits  and  vegetable  mold  in  fine  proportions, 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  making  it  remarkably  productive  for  cereals 
and  fruits.  Enframed  by  the  mountains  on  the 
north,  thus  securing  a  southern  exposure,  and 
margined  by  the  river  on  the  south,  its  climatic 
conditions  could  hardly  be  more  perfect  for  the 
productions  named. 

Having  thus,  in  general  terms,  given  our 
readers  some  idea  of  the  topography  of  Western 
Washington,  we  will  now  lead  them  across  the 
Cascade  range  into  the  vaster  area  of  the  State 
that  lies  east  of  it. 

AVhen  one  has  crossed  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains from  the  low  altitudes  and  moist  climate 
of  Puget  Sound  and  the  lower  Columbia  into  the 
high  altitudes  and  dry  atmosphere  of  the  great 
interior,  he  has  entered  a  new  world.  Every 
form  is  changed,  every  condition  modified  and 
even  transposed.  The  immense  vegetable 
growths  have  given  place  to  treeless  plains.  The 
green  hills  and  mountain  slopes  are  succeeded 
by  brown  or  gray  piles  of  basalt  and  sand.  The 
rivers  flow  no  longer  through  the  great  forests 
of  fir  and  cedar,  but  wind  down  through  sandy 
gorges,  or  swing  across  wide  sage  plains,  with 
only  here  and  there  a  clump  of  willows,  or  it 
may  be  a  solitary  cotton  wood,  to  mark  the  course 
of  their  flow.  The  atmosphere  is  not  softened 
by  the  touch  of  the  sea  wave,  but  is  fervid  with 
the  heat  of  the  shimmering  plain,  or  cool  from 
the  breath  of  the  snowy  ranges.  If  the  traveler 
has  come  suddenly  into  it,  without  previous 
knowledge  of  its  peculiar  characteristics,  its 
strangeness  steals  on  him  like  a  vast,  weird 
dream  and  he  gazes  upon  it  with  a  wonder  quite 
akin  to  awe.  Its  skies  are  so  deep  and  silent, 
its  vistas  so  endless,  its  mysteries  so  unfathom- 
able, its  surprises  so  frequent  that  he  is  inclined 
to  move  in  the  silence  of  a  dreamer  over  it. 
These  are  the  elements  that  render  it  diflicult 
to  give  its  common  characteristics  in  words  that 
will  make  it  real  to  the  mind  of  the  reader.  But 
we  must  try. 

In  area  Eastern  Washington  comprises  about 
two-thirds  of  the  land  surface  of  the  State.  Its 
chief  topographical  characteristics  are  connected 
with  the  fact  that  it  is  almost  wholly  within  the 


I  great  valley  of  the  upper  Columbia.  The  waters 
of  this  majestic  river  and  its  tributaries  drain 
its  entire  surface.  There  is  not  a  drop  of  wate' 
from  any  plain  or  pinnacle  of  this  great  region 
that  flows  seaward  through  any  other  channel. 
Coming  down  from  the  north  through  British 
Columbia  this  stream  enters  the  State  near  its 
north-eastern  corner,  flowing  first  south  nearly 
a  hundred  miles,  then  westerly  about  the  same 
distance,  then  south  and  southeasterly  twice  as 
far,  and  then  southwesterly  150  miles  on  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  State  before  it  enters 
the  mighty  gateway  of  the  Cascade  range.  Com- 
ing into  the  State  from  the  east  about  twenty  five 
miles  north  of  its  south-eastern  corner.  Snake 
river,  hardly  smaller  than  the  Columbia  itself, 
swings  its  serpentine  way  through  its  basaltic 
gorge  for  more  than  a  hundred  miles,  when  it 
unites  with  the  latter  in  the  midst  of  a  broad, 
open  valley,  about  ten  miles  before  it  reaches 
the  southern  line  of  the  State.  On  both  sides 
of  the  main  stream  are  countless  tributaries, 
many  of  them  large,  though  none  are  navigable, 
but  all  of  which  drain  large  areas  of  country 
and  water  vast  tracts  of  land  that  else  would  be 
desert.  Among  these  on  the  east,  beginning  at 
the  north,  are  the  Pend  d'Oreille,  the  Colville, 
the  Spokane,  the  Palouse,  the  Tukannon,  the 
Touchet  and  the  Walla  Walla.  On  the  north 
and  west  are  the  Okinagan,  Chelan,  Wenatche, 
Yakima  and  Klickitat.  All  these  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Klickitat,  flow  towards  the 
common  center  of  the  great  valley  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, where  that  and  Snake  river  make  their 
junction  for  their  last  great  movement  out  of 
the  mighty  basin  which  their  myriad  years  of 
flow  has  washed  out  between  the  Kocky  and  Cas- 
cade rano-es.  A  vaster,  more  concentrated,  uni- 
fied, yet  at  the  same  time  diversified,  river  basin 
does  not  mark  the  map  of  the  world  than  is 
Eastern  Washington,  and  through  none  does  a 
more  wonderful  river  pour  its  floods.  It  is  from 
this  one  fact,  as  an  initial  point,  that  any  writer 
must  start  if  he  would  understand,  or  intelli- 
gently write  of  the  topography,  or  even  the 
climate  of  this  part  of  the  State. 


UlsrORT    OP    WASUINGTON. 


Tlie  next  fsiet  is  the  system  of  mouutain 
ranges  that  either  hem  in  this  vast  valley,  or  else 
cut  it  into  sections  as  their  spurs  push  eastward 
from  the  Cascades  or  westward  from  the  Rocky 
mountain  system,  and  the  nuraerons  short 
ranges  and  isolated  peaks  that  seem  to  have  no 
connection  with  the  great  continental  systems, 
that  are  scattered  through  it.  "With  the  size  of 
this  great  basin,  200  miles  each  way,  and  these 
two  great  dominating  topographical  features  in 
our  minds,  it  will  not  be  ditiicult,  perhaps,  for  us 
to  understand  its  )iiore  subordinate  character- 
istics. 

Although  we  have  called  this  region  a  "  basin  " 
and  a  "  valley,"  these  words  must  be  taken  as 
relating  only  to  the  fact  that  it  is  drained  by 
the  single  river  course  which  we  have  named. 
Within  the  uppermost  rim  ot  this  "basin"  there 
are  mountains  and  hills  innumerable.  They 
swell  into  every  form  of  rugged  grandeur  and 
sublimity.  They  soften  into  every  outline  of 
beauty  and  peace.  They  are  rough  and  pin- 
nacled with  jagged  basaltic  pillars,  with  great 
granite  peaks,  on  which  the  pine  trees  nod  and 
sigh  to  the  mountain  winds,  or  they  are  rounded 
into  grassy  knobs  smooth  and  beautiful  as 
though  an  artist's  hand  had  moulded  them. 

Below  these  are  the  plains  and  the  valleys 
that  touch  the  brink  of  the  streams.  The  latter 
are  generally  narrow,  but  the  former  stretch 
away  for  miles,  bordered  at  either  side  by  some 
creek  or  river. 

The  soil  of  all  this  region  is  mineral  in  its 
composition,  being  composed  mostly  of  granitic 
and  basaltic  sand,  ground  and  worn  out  of  the 
mountain  sides  by  the  abrasion  of  rivers,  or  dis- 
solved by  frost  and  snow  and  rain  from  the 
faces  of  the  precipices.  There  is  little  of  vege- 
table sediment  in  it.  Even  the  great  river  hears 
little  of  this,  as  its  flow  for  a  thousand  miles 
above  is  through  the  same  open,  treeless  region, 
and  between  basaltic  and  granite  walls.  Such 
soils  need  only  water  to  make  them  break  forth 
into  a  very  harvest  of  plenty. 

Over  a  large  portion  of  this  vast  area  this  can 
only   be    procured    from   irrigating    ditches    or 


artesian  wells,  as,  notably,  in  the  Yakima  val- 
ley and  in  the  region  known  as  "  the  Great 
Bend  country."  Still  the  reader  must  not  sup- 
pose that  this  remark  applies  to  the  vast  wheat- 
growing  i-egion  in  what  has  long  l:>uen  cele- 
brated as  the  "  Palouse  country,"  and,  indeed, 
all  the  region  east  of  the  Great  Bend  country 
from  the  northern  to  the  southern  line  of  the 
State.  This  is  an  empire  in  extent,  and  is  one 
of  the  finest  wheat-producing  regions  of  Amer- 
ica. Yet  in  even  this  abundant  irrigation, would 
soon  double  the  grain  production  and  increase 
many  fold  its  fruits  and  vegetables.  And  the 
millions  of  arid  and  serai-arid  acres  that  now 
lie  fallow  under  the  cloudless  skies  of  this  sun- 
lit land  will  one  day,  and  that  day  not  far 
away,  give  its  tens  of  millions  of  bushels  into 
the  garners  of  the  world. 

The  climate  of  all  this  "  Inland  Empire  "'  is 
as  sui  generis  as  its  topography. 

The  seasons  are  pronounced,  but  they  are  not 
differentiated  like  those  on  the  coast,  nor  like 
those  of  the  Eastern  States.  There  is  little  fall 
of  moisture  either  in  the  form  of  rain  or  snow. 
Skies  without  a  cloud  bend  over  the  rales  and 
hills  for  months  together.  This  is  especially 
true  of  the  center  of  the  Columbia  basin  and  of 
its  western  slope.  On  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
basin  the  conditions  are  different  and  the  fall 
of  moisture  greater.  This  is  easily  accounted 
for.  The  winds  from  the  western  sei  are  drained 
of  all  their  vapors  by  their  contact  with  the 
cold  summits  of  the  Cascade  range,  and  they 
pass  on  eastward  absolutely  without  moisture. 
Hence  the  valleys  of  the  eastern  slope  of  tiiat 
range  receive  but  very  little  rain.  Passing  down 
these  valleys  and  across  and  along  the  great 
Columbia,  they  take  up  soine  vapor  and  bear  it 
onward  until  they  touch  the  sides  of  the  cist- 
ern ranges,  when  tiiey  yield  that  up  also,  and 
it  falls  in  showers  on  the  plains,  or  in  snow  on 
the  hills.  Southerly  winds,  which  west  of  the 
Cascades  are  the  -rain  winds,  here  bring  but 
little  moisture.  Eastern  winds,  which  are  not 
very  frequent,  are  almost  a  consuming  sirocco 
if  long  continued.     The  western  and   the  north 


Indian  Camp. 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


western  are  those  that  bear  the  most  moisture. 
The  causes  are  in  the  topography  of  the  conn- 
try,  especially  in  the  trend  of  the  mountain 
ranges.  These  causes  are  permanent,  and  their 
resultant  conditions  must  be  as  permanent  as 
the  causes  that  produce  them. 

There  is  a  wider  range  of  the  thermometer 
here  than  there  is  west  of  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains. The  summers  are  hotter  and  the  winters 
are  colder.  Probably  the  average  seasons  will 
register  a  variation  oF  nearly  100  degrees  in 
most  parts  of  this  region,  and  extreme  seasons 
will  increase  that  variation.  Still  the  dryness 
of  the  atmosphere  is  such  that  this  great  varia- 
tion is  not  so  obvious  to  the  senses  as  a  much 
smaller  variation  where  there  is  more  moisture. 
Then  its  altitude  is  such  that  the  actual  degree 
of  heat  or  cold  is  considerably  less  than  it  would 
be  with  the  same  mercury  registration  on  the 
seacoast.  All  these  considerations  enable  us  to 
write  down  the  climate  of  Eastern  Washington 
as,  on  the  whole,  a  desirable  rather  than  an 
undesirable  one,  and  it  is  one,  certainly,  that 
receives  the  most  encomiums  from  those  who 
have  longest  tested  it, — which  is  no  mean 
proof  of  its  excellence. 

As  the  climate  and  the  soil  of  Eastern  Wash- 
ington has  a  remarkably  uniform  average,  so  its 
productions  are  quite  uniform  in  character  and 
quality.  The  cereals,  especially  wheat,  produce 
at  their  best  both  of  quantity  and  quality  nearly 
everywhere,  if  we  except  some  of  the  drier  por- 
tions where  irrigation  must  be  resorted  to. 
Some  of  the  warmer  valleys,  like  the  Yakima, 
Snake  river  and  Columbia  river,  are  wonderfully 


prolific  in  peaches,  grapes,  melons  and  hops. 
The  strawberry,  blackberry,  currant,  etc.,  thrive 
abundantly  everywhere;  and,  indeel,  to  sum 
up  all  that  needs  to  be  said  of  the  productions  of 
the  country  without  going  into  statistics,  all  the 
staple  cereals  and  fruits  of  the  temperate  lati- 
tudes; those  cereals  and  fruits  that  grow  in 
company  with  the  strongest  manhood,  and  upon 
which  that  manhood  grows;  grow  as  abundantly 
and  ripen  as  perfectly  within  the  bounds  of  the 
country  thus  indicated  as  anywhere  between  the 
seas.  So,  with  its  magnificent  scenery,  its  pure 
atmosphere,  its  crystalline  waters,  its  abundant 
and  healthy  food,  Eastern  Washington  should 
and  doubtless  will  contribute  some  of  the  best 
and  noblest  to  the  "  crowning  race  of  human 
kind." 

In  treating  of  the  climate  of  Washington,  it 
is  proper  that  we  notice  the  fact  that  no  part 
of  the  State  is  subject  to  those  violent  changes 
in  temperature  and  atmospheric  currents  that 
result,  in  the  States  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
in  tornadoes  and  cyclones,  that  are  so  destruc- 
tive to  property,  and  often  to  human  life.  They 
are,  in  fact,  unknown  there;  and  while  the  moun- 
tain ranges  stand  where  they  are,  and  the  Pa- 
cific rolls  over  its  present  bed,  they  never  can  be 
known.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  terrible 
thunder  storms  that  shake  and  startle  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Missouri  valleys.  They  are  un- 
known in  all  the  region  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  It  is  too  much  a  broken  surface, 
and  the  soft  breath  of  the  great  sea  is  wafted  so 
genially  over  all  even  to  permit  it. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Eaeliest  Discoveeies  on  the  N0ETHWE8T  Coast — Spain  Leads  Discoveries — A.  Northwest 
Passage  Sought — Magellan — Coetez  in  Mexico — Spain  Mistress  of  the  Pacific — The 
Bdccaneees — SiE  Feancis  Deake — Cavindish — Steaits  of  Aman — Russian  Exploeations 
— Vitus  Beheing — Russia's  Failure — Captain  Cook — First  English  Exploeations — 
Cook's  Death — Spain  Again  Essays  Discoveey — Feancisco  Elisa — Discoveries  of  1791 
— A    New    Flag   on  the  Seas^Spanish  Efforts  Cease. 


THE  earliest  discoveries  on  the  American 
continent  made  by  any  portion  of  the 
civilized  world,  if  we  do  not  count  the 
somewhat  mythical  ones  attributed  to 
Northmen  on  the  coast  of  Greenland,  were  made 
in  1492,  under  the  auspices  of  Spain;  at  that 
time  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  aggressive 
nations  of  Europe.  The  discovery  of  a  New 
World  behind  the  western  seas  kindled  an  age 
already  tired  with  a  spirit  of  romantic  adventure 
and  religious  zeal  to  a  much  greater  enthusiasm 
of  conquest  and  subjugation.  As  Spain  had  led 
in  the  discoveries  that  had  thus  opened  the  new 
continent  to  the  ambitions  of  the  enterprising 
and  adventurous,  it  was  only  natural  that  her 
sailors  should  haste  to  follow  the  path  that  the 
galleys  of  Columbus  had  marked  for  them  over 
the  seas,  and  her  soldier  adventurers  should 
enter  on  a  course  of  conquest  in  the  countries 
discovered.  The  stories  of  the  sailors  who  had 
returned  to  the  ports  of  Spain  invested  the  new 
lands  visited  by  them  with  a  glory  of  fabulous 
wealth  that  could  easily  be  gathered  from  the 
semi-civilized  savage  tribes  found  there  by  the 
stronger  arms  of  the  men  of  Castile. 

Inspired  by  these  marvelous  stories,  three  years 
had  not  passed  before  they  had  begun  the  con- 
quest of  the  islands  off  the  southeastern  coast  of 
the  American  mainland  by  the  subjugation  of 
Hayti.  In  1511  the  island  of  Cuba  was  invaded 
and  conquered  in  tliename  of  the  king  of  Spain. 
Three  years  afterward  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa 
crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  and  discovered 
the  great  south  sea,  of  which  such  knowledge 
had  been  communicated  by  the  natives  that  it 
had  already  been  designated  on  tlie  maps  of 
European  geographers.     Seven  years  later  Ma 


gellan  entered  it  by  the  straits  that  bear  his 
name  and  gave  it  the  name  of  the  "  Pacific." 
In  1519  Cortez  landed  in  Mexico  at  the  head  of 
an  army  of  950  men,  arid  invaded  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  the  Montezumas.  Two  years  suf- 
ficed for  its  subjugation.  In  1587,  Cortez, 
seeking  further  conquests  to  the  westward  of 
Mexico,  landed  at  Santa  Cruz,  near  the  lower 
extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  California. 
Finding  nothing  to  tempt  his  cupidity  or  his 
chivalry,  he  soon  abandoned  the  country  and 
returned  to  Mexico.  This  was  the  beginning 
of  discovery  by  the  nations  of  Europe  on  the 
Pacific  coast  of  the  American  continent.  But 
such  had  been  the  unpropitious  results  of  the 
attempts  of  Cortez  to  find  tempting  food  for 
adventure  west  and  north  of  Mexico,  that  it  is 
likely  discovery  would  have  stayed  its  progress 
in  that  direction,  had  not  othermotives  prompted 
its  advance  from  another  quarter.  These  were 
the  hopes  and  efforts  of  European  discoverers 
to  find  a  Northwest  passage  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  through  the  American  continent  to  the 
Indian  seas. 

Before  1500  one  of  the  adventurous  naviga- 
tors of  Portugal,  Vasco  de  Gaina,  had  reached 
the  Indian  Ocean  by  sailing  eastward  from  Lis- 
bon around  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Gaspar 
Cortereal,  another  eminent  Portuguese  discov- 
erer, explored  the  Atlantic  coast  of  North 
America  in  1500,  and  sailing  around  Labrador 
entered  the  straits  which  opened  westward 
under  theOOth  degree  of  north  latitude.  Through 
these  he  passed  into  what  is  now  known  as 
Hudson's  Bay,  and  believed  that  he  had  en- 
tered waters  which  led  into  the  Indian  ocean, 
and   had    accomplished,     by    sailing    westward 


UIST0R7    OF    WASniNOTON. 


from  tlie  west  coast  of  Europe,  what  Vasco  de 
Gaiua  had  hy  sailing  eastward, — the  discovery 
of  a  passage  to  the  wealth  of  Asia;  so  little  was 
then  known  of  the  geography  of  the  world. 
To  the  straits  through  which  he  )iad  passed  he 
gave  the  name  of  Anian,  and  the  land  south  of 
them  he  called  Labrador. 

When  Magellan,  in  1520,  sailed  into  the  Pa- 
cific through  the  straits  to  which  his  own  name 
was  given,  and  continued  his  voyage  westward 
until  the  wiiole  world  was  circumnavigated,  the 
belief  of  navigators  in  the  e.xistence  of  the 
straits  of  Anian  was  greatly  strengthened.  This 
arose  from  their  belief  that  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan were  only  a  narrow  passage  piercing  the 
heart  of  the  continent  where  it  was  much  nar- 
row^er  than  elsewhere;  and  they  supposed  the 
same  thing  would  exist  to  the  north,  especially 
since  Cortereal  had  reported  its  discovery.  For 
many  years  the  chief  efforts  of  explorers  were 
put  forth  for  its  real  discovery.  The  efforts  of 
Spain  were  mainly  directed  from  the  Pacific 
side  of  the  continent,  while  England,  France, 
Portugal  and  Holland  made  theirs  from  the 
eastern.  It  is  not  necessary  to  our  history  to 
follow  the  course  and  story  of  these  expensive 
and  continued  efforts,  as  they  had  but  a  remote 
bearing  on  the  history  of  the  northwest  coast; 
but  this  fable  of  the  northwest  passage  kept  up 
the  spirit  of  discovery  for  many  years,  and  the 
search  for  it  was  participated  in  by  all  the  lead- 
ing maritime  nations  of  the  world.  The  first 
knowledge  of  the  countries  on  the  Pacific  coast 
was  not  to  come,  however,  from  any  passage  of 
the  Straits  of  Anian,  but  from  the  spirit  of 
adventure  that  the  conquest  of  Mexico  had 
kindled  in  the  South. 

After  the  subjugation  of  Mexico,  Cortez  be- 
gan the  construction  of  vessels  on  the  coast  of 
Central  America  for  use  on  the  Pacific.  After 
these  vessels  had  been  employed  for  some  time 
on  the  lower  coasts  they  were  sent  directly 
across  the  Pacific,  but  he  constructed  others  in 
which  he  directed  expeditions  along  the  Mexi- 
can coasts  and  in  Lower  California.  He  dis- 
covered the  Gulf  of  California  and  the  Colorado 


river.  He  made  an  attempt  at  colonization  at 
Santa  Cruz,  in  Lower  California.  The  first  at- 
tempt to  pass  around  the  peninsula  of  Califor- 
nia was  made  in  1539  by  Francisco  de  Ulloa, 
the  energetic  and  capable  assistant  of  Cortez  in 
all  his  operations  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico. 
He  succeeded  in  reaching  the  twenty-eighth 
degree  of  latitude,  but  was  so  baffied  by  head 
winds  and  sickness  among  his  men  that  he  was 
compelled  to  return  to  Mexico. 

Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  a  Spanish  noble- 
man of  high  rank,  succeeded  Cortez  as  Viceroy 
of  New  Spain.  He  dispatched  an  expedition  of 
two  small  vessels,  commanded  by  Juan  Rodri- 
guez Cabrillo,  and  dispatched  it  in  154:2  to 
search  for  the  Straits  of  Anian,  and  incidentally 
to  discover  any  of  those  civilized  nations  that 
the  traditions  of  the  Indians  or  the  imagination 
of  the  Caucasians  located  in  the  northwest. 
He  followed  the  coast  as  far  north  as  thirty- 
eight  degrees,  but  encountered  a  violent  storm 
which  drove  them  several  degrees  backward. 
He  found  shelter  in  a  small  harbor  on  the 
island  of  San  Barnardino,  lying  near  the  coast 
in  latitude  thirty-four  degrees,  which  he  called 
"  Port  Possession,"  and  which  was  the  first 
point  on  the  California  coast  of  which  the 
Spaniards  took  possession.  Here  Cabrillo  died, 
in  January,  1543,  and  the  command  devolved 
on  Bartolome  Ferrelo,  who  again  headed  the 
vessels  to  the  northward  and  voyaged  up  the 
coast.  He  reached,  on  the  1st  of  March,  a 
point  as  high  as  forty-four  degrees,  as  given  by 
some  authorities,  and  without  doubt  should  be 
credited  with  having  first  discovered  the  coast 
of  Oregon,  though  he  made  no  chart  of  its  out- 
line, and  made  no  landing  upon  it.  The  re- 
sults of  the  voyage,  and  of  some  expeditions 
sent  inland  under  Alcaron  and  Coronado,  satis- 
fied the  viceroy  that  the  wealthy  nations  of  the 
coast  and  country  north  of  Mexico  existed  only 
in  Indian  fables,  and  that  if  any  straits  of 
Anian  existed  they  must  be  far  north  of  the 
fortieth  parallel  of  latitude,  and  all  effort  to  ex- 
plore the  country  to  the  northward  was  aban- 
doned.    But    Spain   was   complete    mistress  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  Pacific.  Her  flag  dominated  that  mighty 
ocean,  and  her  enemies  were  unable  to  attack 
her  in  that  vital  source  of  her  wealth,  and 
power.  Ijiit  this  could  not  long  continue  when 
tlie  rivals  and  enemies  of  Spain  were  buch  pow- 
ers as  England  and  France.  And,  besides,  this 
was  the  era  of  the  ''buccaneers,"  who  roved  the 
seas,  even  in  times  of  peace,  under  the  privity 
and  encouragement  of  their  sovereigns,  and 
they  were  not  less  interested  than  the  naval 
forces  of  the  government  of  western  Europe  to 
find  a  way  to  reach  and  capture  the  richly- 
laden  galleons  of  Spain  on  their  way  from  the 
mines  of  Mexico  to  the  treasuries  of  Lisbon  and 
Madrid.  These  also  sought  the  Straits  of 
Anian,  but  despairing  at  last  of  finding  them, 
invaded  the  Pacific  by  the  dreaded  way  of  Ma- 
gellan. With  their  appearance  on  the  Pacific 
the  security  of  Spanish  shipping  on  the  south- 
ern seas  ceased  forever. 

The  man  who  led  this  crusade  of  freebooters 
against  the  ships  and  wealth  of  Spain  on  the 
Pacific  was  Sir  Francis  Drake.  He  was  an 
English  seaman  of  much  fame,  a  daring  adven- 
turer and  an  expert  mariner.  Witli  tiiree  ves- 
sels he  entered  the  Pacific  through  the  Straits 
of  Magellan.  One  was  soon  wrecked,  another 
returned  to  England,  but  with  the  third  he  con- 
tinued up  tlie  coast,  scattering  terror  among  the 
Spanish  shipjiing  and  levying  heavy  contribu- 
tions on  the  defenseless  ports.  Loaded  with  plun- 
der, he  continued  northward  on  the  same  boot- 
less search  for  the  Straits  of  Anian  that  had  be- 
guiled all  the  navigators  of  England  and  Spain 
80  long,  and  which,  of  course,  returned  to  him 
only  their  disappointment.  How  far  he  sailed 
northward  it  is  hard  to  determine,  some  authori- 
ties placing  his  highest  latitude  at  43°,  and 
some  at  48°.  The  English  writers  claim  the 
latter,  and  the  American  the  former.  Doubt- 
less the  question  of  title  to  the  country  on  the 
ground  of  discovery,  as  between  Spain  and 
England,  in  which  the  United  States  was  in- 
volved by  her  purchase  of  the  rights  of  Spain, 
accounts  for  that  disagreement.  If  he  reached 
only  the  forty-third  degree,  his  discoveries  were 


anticipated  by  the  Spaniard,  Ferrelo,  by  thirty- 
five  years.  If  he  reached  the  forty-eighth  de- 
gree, then  England's  right,  by  discovery  of  the 
coast  far  north  of  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
river,  was  undeniable.  The  accounts  published 
of  this  voyage  of  Drake  bear  so  little  evidence 
of  reliability  that  the  fair-minded  historian  finds 
it  difficult  to  reach  a  satisfactory  conclusion  as 
to  the  fact  in  the  case.  There  is  little  differ- 
ence which  was  the  fact,  since  it  will  be  forever 
impossible  to  adjudicate  the  dispute,  and  hence 
the  honor  of  the  discovery  of  the  Oregon  coast 
will  remain  divided  between  the  Spaniard, 
Ferrelo,  and  the  Englishman,  Sir  Francis  Drake. 

In  the  month  of  June  Drake  lay  in  a  harbor 
of  refuge,  probably  in  the  small  bay  north  of 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  now  known  as  Drake's 
Bay.  Following  the  example  of  the  Spanish 
navigators,  he  landed  and  took  possession  of  the 
country  in  the  name  of  Great  Britain,  giving  it 
the  title  of  "  New  Albion,"  as  the  Spaniards  had 
called  the  southern  point  of  the  coast  "  New 
Spain." 

Following  Drake,  and  encouraged  by  his  suc- 
cess, came  Thomas  Cavendish  and  other  English 
adventurers,  having  the  same  purposes  in  view 
as  Drake  himself,  namely,  the  capture  of  the 
richly  loaded  galleons  of  Spain,  and  the  discov- 
ery of  the  Straits  of  Anian.  "Without  any  reason- 
able compensation  it  would  greatly  lengthen  a 
narrative  only  collateral  to  our  main  design,  to 
follow  the  story  of  their  depredations  or  dis- 
coveries. Besides,  there  was  so  much  that  sub- 
sequent information  has  proven  to  be  fiction  in 
the  published  narratives  of  these  expeditions 
that  the  historian  is  sometimes  led  to  wonder  if 
any  part  of  them,  as  recorded,  is  credible.  In 
some  of  them  places  and  water  passages  are 
minutely  described  that  have  long  ago  been 
proved  to  have  had  no  existence.  History  can- 
not afford  space  even  to  catalogue  these  roman- 
ces. Such  stories  as  those  of  Maldonado  and 
of  Juan  de  Fuca  must  be  classed  with  these,  and 
thus  passed  by. 

There  is  really  nothing  of  authenticated  dis- 
covery on  the  northwest  coast  to  relate  until  1602, 


Illarour    OF    WASHINOTON. 


when  Sebastian  Viscaiiio,  under  peremptory 
orders  from  Philip  III,  sailed  north  from  Aca- 
pulco,  entering  the  ports  of  San  Quintin,  San 
Diego  and  Monterey.  Nothing  of  importance 
having  been  added  by  hiui  to  geographical 
science,  he  soon  after  returned  to  Acapulco.  In 
January,  1B03,  he  again  sailed  northward.  On 
this  voyage  he  reached  and  named  "  Cape 
Blanco,"  about  the  43°  of  latitude.  The  histo- 
rian of  the  voyage  of  the  little  craft  on  which 
he  sailed  says:  "  From  that  point  the  coast 
begins  to  turn  to  the  northwest,  and  near  it  was 
discovered  a  rapid  and  abundant  river,  with  ash 
trees,  willows,  brambles,  and  other  trees  of  Cas- 
tile on  its  banks."  An  unsuccessful  attempt  to 
enter  this  river,  which  was  probably  theUmpqua, 
was  made,  and  as  a  large  number  of  the  crew 
were  sick  with  the  scurvy,  the  commander  de- 
termined to  return  to  Acapulco.  He  and  his 
pihjt,  Antonio  Flores,  both  died  of  scurvy  on 
the  way,  and  were  buried  in  the  deep. 

Still  the  Sti-aits  of  Anian  remained  the  fable 
for  the  solution  of  which  the  navigators  of 
Europe  continued  to  search  on  both  coasts  of 
America.  Gradually,  but  generally,  the  belief 
came  to  be  entertained  that  these  straits  could 
be  found  only  in  a  search  in  Hudson's  Bay.  To 
aid  in  their  discovery,  in  1699,  Charles  II,  then 
king  of  England,  granted  to  a  company  of  his 
subjects  a  charter  guaranteeing  most  royal  priv- 
ileges in  consideration  of  their  agreement  to 
search  for  the  Sti-aits  of  Anian.  This  charter 
created  "  The  Company  of  Adventurers  of  Eng- 
land Trading  into  Hudson's  Bay.''  The  object 
expressed  in  the  charter  was,  "  For  the  dis- 
covery of  a  new  passage  into  the  South  Sea,  and 
for  the  finding  of  some  trade  in  furs  and  other 
considerable  commodities."  This  is  the  organ- 
ization known  in  history  as  "  The  Hudson's  Bay 
Company."  As  its  history,  as  well  as  its  rela- 
tions to  the  story  of  the  Pacific  coast,  will  be 
continued  later  in  this  book,  we  make  only  this 
brief  reference  to  it  here,  simply  to  identify  it 
as  one  of  the  links  in  the  chain  of  discovery  on 
the  Oresfon    coast. 


It  seems  strange  that  from  the  time  of  the 
return  of  the  little  vessel  of  Aguilar  from  Cape 
Blanco  back  to  Mexico  in  1603,  a  century  and 
more  elasped  before  the  prow  of  another  vessel 
cleft  the  waters  of  the  North  Pacific.  But 
suddenly  interest  in  these  regions  revived  again. 
In  the  north  of  Europe,  Russia  rose,  by  the 
genius  of  her  enlightened  monarch,  Peter  the 
Ureat,  from  an  almost  unknown  condition  to  a 
high  rank  among  the  nations  of  the  world.  He 
extended  the  bounds  of  his  empire  eastward 
across  Siberia  until  they  reached  the  borean 
peninsula  of  Kamtchatka.  Then  he  sought  to 
carry  them  still  farther  eastward  until  they 
touched  the  western  confines  of  the  provinces 
of  England,  Spain  and  France,  on  the  American 
continent.  How  far  that  might  be  he  knew 
not,  but  his  was  a  mind  not  to  be  daunted  by 
ditiicultiesnor  distracted  by  doubts.  He  ordered 
vessels  to  be  built  at  Archangel,  on  the  White 
Sea,  for  the  purposes  of  cruising  eastward  and 
endeavoring  to  pass  into  the  Pacific  through 
the  Arctic  ocean.  Before  his  plans  were  com- 
pleted Peter  died,  and  was  succeeded  on  the 
throne  by  the  Empress  Catharine. 

Though  there  was  some  delay  in  prosecuting 
the  designs  of  Peter  the  Great,  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, Catharine,  whose  ability  was  equal  to  that 
of  her  great  husband,  began  to  push  them  for- 
ward. In  1728,  in  accordance  with  her  in- 
structions, vessels  were  built  on  the  coast  of 
Kamtchatka,  and  dispatched  in  search  of  the 
passage  supposed  to  exist  between  the  Arctic 
and  Pacific  oceans.  Vitus  Behring,  a  Danish 
navigator  of  experience  and  skill,  had  been  des- 
ignated by  Peter  to  command  the  expedition, 
and  his  selection  was  confirmed  by  Catharine. 
He  sailed  in  July,  and  followed  the  coast  north- 
westerly until  he  found  it  bending  steadily  to 
the  west.  He  became  convinced  that  he  had 
already  entered  the  Arctic,  and  was  sailing 
along  the  northern  coast  of  Asia,  having 
reached  the  67°  of  latitude.  Neither  going  nor 
returning  through  the  straits  did  he  discern  the 
west  lines  of  America,  as  the    prevalent    cloudy 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  foggy  weather  obscured  it.  Being  unpre- 
pared to  winter  in  tlie  ice,  or  to  make  along 
and  exposed  voyage  in  the  open  sea,  he  returned 
to  the  port  of  his  embarkation. 

The  next  year  he  made  another  voyage,  in 
which  he  endeavored  to  find  the  coast  of  America 
bv  sailing  directly  eastward,  but  baffled  by  con- 
trary wind  was  obliged  to  take  refuge  in  the 
bay  of  Okotsk,  and  abandoned  the  effort  and  re- 
turned to  St.  Tetersburg.  Other  Eussian  expe- 
ditions followed,  but  withoiit  decisive  result 
until  in  1732,  one  of  the  vessels  employed  was 
driven  by  the  winds  and  currents  on  the  Alaska 
coast,  when  it  was  discovered  that  but  a  narrow 
strait  separated  North  America  from  Asia. 
Upon  this  was  bestowed  the  name  of  Behring. 

Other  expeditions  from  Russia  there  were,  but 
with  little  result  to  geographical  knowledge. 
One  in  1741,  under  Behring,  commanding  the 
8t.  Peter,  and  Tchirkoff,  commanding  the  St. 
Baul,  came  to  a  most  disastrous  end;  Tchirkoff 
himself  finally  returning  witli  but  a  few  of  his 
men,  the  remainder  having  been  butchered  by 
the  savages  or  hung,  or  died  from  the  scurvy; 
and  Behring's  vessel  being  wrecked  on  a  little 
granite  island  between  the  Aleutian  Archipel- 
ago and  Kamtschatka,  and  where  Behring  and 
many  of  his  men  died  and  were  buried.  The 
island  is  known  as  "  Behring  Isle"  to  this  day. 

These  fugitive  efforts  of  Russia  to  make  dis- 
coveries on  the  American  continent  came  to  very 
little,  and,  as  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury was  reached,  the  geography  of  the  American 
coast  from  Behring's  straits  to  the  Spanish  pos- 
sessions in  the  south  consisted  of  mere  imagina- 
tive lines  drawn  on  the  charts  which  navigators 
had  made  of  seas  over  which  they  had  never 
sailed  and  of  lands  they  had  never  visited.  The 
fact  was  that  Russia  was  not  a  martirae  na- 
tion, and  she  had  no  seamen  of  sufficient  scien- 
tific attainments  to  lead  the  discoveries  which 
she  was  in  a  most  favorable  situation  to  prose- 
cute. Hence,  after  four  official  expeditions  had 
been  made  into  these  northern  seas,  and  private 
individuals  had  been  engaged  in  the  fur-trade 
for  a  third  of  a  century,  the  Russian  idea  of  the 


seas  between  northern  America  and  Asia  was 
that  they  were  large  seas  of  islands,  of  which 
the  largest  was  Alaska.  It  was  reserved  for 
Captain  Cook,  an  Englishman,  and  a  skillful  and 
scientific  navigator,  to  reveal  their  error. 

Captain  James  Cook  commanded  the  first 
English  vessel  to  visit  the  north  Pacitic  seas.  He 
was  already  the  most  renowned  navigator  of 
England,  if  not  of  the  world.  He  had  achieved 
his  great  distinction  in  recent  voyages  of  dis- 
covery in  the  South  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean. 
The  desire  and  purpose  of  England  to  plant 
colonies  on  the  Pacific  coast  naturally  turned 
the  eyes  of  the  Lord  of  Admiralty  to  him  as 
the  one  man  whose  past  success  guaranteed 
brilliant  results  in  the  new  expedition  contem- 
plated by  the  British  government.  Cook  did 
not  wait  to  be  invited,  but  volunteered  at  once 
to  command  the  expedition.  It  consisted  of 
two  vessels,  the  Resolution,  in  which  Cook  had 
already  passed  around  the  world,  and  the  Dis- 
covery, commanded  by  Captain  Charles  Clarke. 
These  vessels  were  well  suited  to  their  intended 
use,  and  were  furnished  for  it  as  perfectly  as 
science  and  experience  could  provide.  Cook's 
charts,  though  very  erroneous  in  the  light  of  his 
own  subsequent  discoveries,  were  the  most  per- 
fect that  geographical  knowledge  at  that  day 
could  devise.  There  was  on  them  a  compara- 
tive blank  between  latitude  43°  and  50°,  or  be- 
tween the  point  reached  by  the  Spanish  explora- 
tions in  the  south  and  those  of  Russia  in  the 
north.  Conjecture  had  placed  somewhere  with- 
in these  limits  the  Great  River,  the  straits  of 
Fuca  and  the  river  of  Kings.  Cook  was  instructed 
very  particularly  to  prosecute  his  researches  on 
the  Pacitic  coast  of  America  within  these  limits, 
and  especially  to  do  nothing  that  could  be  con- 
strued into  any  trespass  on  the  assumed  rio-hts 
of  Spain  or  Russia.  He  was  directed  to  reach 
the  coast  of  New  Albion,  as  the  English  called 
California,  and  not  to  touch  upon  any  part  of 
the  Spanish  dominions  unless  driven  to  it  by 
necessity,  and  then  to  treat  the  people  with 
"civility  and  friendship."  He  was  to  thor- 
oughly e.x;amine  the  coast,  and  with  the  consent 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


of  the  natives  to  take  possession,  in  tlie  name  of 
tbe  king  of  Great  Britain,  of  convenient  sta- 
tions in  such  countries  as  he  might  discover  that 
had  not  already  been  discovered  or  visited  by 
any  other  European  power,  and  to  distribute 
among  tiie  inhabitants  such  things  as  would  re- 
main as  traces  of  his  having  been  there,  but  if 
he  should  find  the  countries  so  discovered  to  be 
uninhabited,  he  was  to  take  possession  of  them 
for  his  sovereign  by  setting  up  proper  marks 
and  descriptions  as  first  discoverers  and  pos- 
sessors. Thus  prepared  and  commissioned  Cap- 
tain Cook  set  sail  from  Plymouth,  England,  on 
the  twelfth  day  of  July,  1776. 

Eight  days  before,  an  event  had  occurred  in 
Philadelphia  on  the  eastern  coast  of  America 
that  had  more  to  do  with  wresting  from  Great' 
Britain  the  ultimate  results  of  Cook's  explora- 
tions, and  those  of  all  other  Englishmen  on  tlie 
Pacific  coast,  than  all  others  in  history.  It  was 
the  Declaration  of  American  Independence,  by 
which  the  new  nation,  destined  to  dominate  the 
American  continent,  was  born  into  history. 

Cook  sailed  for  the  east,  rounded  the  cape  of 
Good  Hope,  explored  the  coasts  of  Van  Die- 
men's  Land  and  New  Zealand,  and  the  Society 
and  Friendly  islands.  Continuing  his  eastern 
course,  on  the  18th  of  January,  1778,  he  dis- 
covered the  Hawaiian  group,  which  he  named 
in  honor  of  Lord  Sandwich,  the  "  Sandwich 
Islands."  Remaining  here  but  a  short  time,  he 
still  sailed  eastward,  and  on  the  7th  of  March, 
1778,  sighted  the  coast  of  New  Albion,  near 
the  forty-fourth  parallel  in  what  is  now 
Oregon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  L^mpqua  river. 
Head  winds  forced  him  south,  but  as  soon  as 
possible  he  turned  to  the  north,  but  sailed  so 
far  ofl;  shore  that  he  did  not  again  see  land  un- 
til he  reached  the  48°  of  latitude,  when  he 
saw  a  bold  headland  which  he  named  "Cape 
Flattery,"  because  of  the  encouraging  prospects 
of  his  expedition.  He  was  directly  off  the 
mouth  of  the  Straits  of  Fuca,  but  his  charts 
misguided  him  by  placing  that  opening  south 
of  the  forty -eighth  parallel,  and  he  turned  south 
to  find  it.     Disappointed  here,  he  turned  again 


northward,  but  lay  too  far  off  shore  and 
the  Straits  without  observing  them,  and  finally 
cast  anchor  in  Nootka  Sound.  From  this  port 
he  still  kept  his  northward  course,  and  on  the 
4th  of  May  sighted  Mount  St.  Elias,  when  he  be- 
gan a  most  thorough  search  for  the  Straits  of 
Anian.  His  explorations  about  the  extreme 
northern  portion  of  the  American  coast,  in 
Behring  Straits,  and  the  Asiatic  coast  on  the 
Arctic  side  as  far  as  cape  North,  were  full  of 
painstaking  fidelity,  and  he  so  charted  those  re- 
gions that  many  of  the  fables  of  the  Russian  ex- 
plorers were  entirely  disproved.  On  the  9th  of 
August  he  reached  the  extreme  northwestern  cor- 
ner of  America,  and  named  the  point  "  Cape 
Prince  of  Wales."  Without  attempting  any 
further  explorations  on  the  coast  of  America, 
he  sailed  directly  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  for 
the  winter.  Here,  on  the  16th  of  February, 
1779,  in  an  encounter  with  the  natives,  he  was 
slain.  This  for  a  time  terminated  British  dis- 
coveries on  the  North-Pacific  coast.  When  the 
Resolution  and  Discovery  reached  England,  in 
October,  1780,  she  was  in  the  midst  of  her 
strife  with  her  American  colonies  and  her  two 
immemorial  antagonists  and  rivals  across  the 
channel,  and  had  neither  time  nor  inclination 
to  engage  in  further  geographical  or  colonial 
enterprises. 

It  has  been  seen  by  those  who  have  carefully 
followed  the  line  of  our  record  that  as  yet  little 
or  nothing  was  known  of  the  Oregon  coast. 
The  sweep  of  discovery  and  explorations  by  the 
maritime  powers  of  England  and  Spain  had  been 
far  to  the  north  and  far  to  the  south.  The  golden 
dreams  that  the  vivid  imaginations  of  the  Span- 
iards had  woven  about  New  Spain,  and  the  hope 
of  England  to  find  a  direct  passage  from  west- 
ern ports  to  tiie  Pacific  through  the  fabled  Straits 
of  Anian  easily  account  for  that  fact.  The  prow 
of  the  Englishman's  vessel  turned  toward  that 
fabled  passage;  the  Spaniard's  toward  the  land 
of  gold.  Oregon  lay  between  these  objective 
points,  and  thus  remained  unknown.  But  the 
time  was  at  hand  when  the  land  of  verdure  be- 
tween the  ice-land  of   the  north  and  the  sun- 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


seared  plains  of  the  south  should  hecoine  the 
object  of  the  explorer's  t^earcli,  as  well  as  the 
subject  of  the  ruler's  covet. 


In  1790,  ten 


years 


after  the  return  of    the 


Resolution  and  Discovery  from  their  eventful 
voyage,  the  Spaniards  again,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  dispatched  a  fleet  of 
their  vessels  to  the  north,  under  the  command 
of  Lieutenant  Francisco  Elisa,  with  directions 
to  take  possession  of  Nootka  Sound,  fortify  and 
defend  it,  and  use  it  as  a  base  of  explorations. 
This  was  done,  and  a  series  of  explorations 
were  at  once  entered  upon.  Lieutenant  AHerez 
Manuel  Quimper,  in  the  Princess  Real,  in  the 
summer  of  1790,  left  Nootka  and  entered  the 
Straits  of  Fuca,  examinincf  both  shores  for  a 
distance  of  100  miles.  He  turned  southward 
into  what  was  afterward  called  Puajet  Sound. 
Mistaking  it  for  an  inlet,  he  called  it  Enceiiada 
de  Caamano.  He  gave  Spanish  names  to  vari- 
ous points  in  that  region,  all  of  which  now  bear 
names  afterward  given  by  Vancouver  and  oth- 
ers, except  the  main  channel  leading  north, 
which  he  named  "Canal  de  Lopez  de  Haro;" 
which  retains  its  Spanish  cognomen,  a  monu- 
ment of  this  tirst  visit  of  a  civilized  keel  in  the 
'waters  of  this  great  Mediterranean  of  the  Pacitic 
coast.  On  the  1st  of  August,  1790,  Lieutenant 
Elisa  took  formal  possession  of  that  region  in 
the  name  of  the  Spanish  sovereign  at  port 
"Nunez  Guona,"  now  known  as  Neah  Bay. 

In  1791,  Elisa  again  entered  the  Straits  of 
Fuca,  in  the  San  Carlos,  and  made  more  exten- 
sive and  particular  explorations  of  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  as  far  nortli  as  latitude  50".  (Observ- 
ing many  passages  extending  inland,  Elisa  con- 
cluded "that  the  oceanic  passage  so  zealously 
sought  by  foreigners,  if  there  is  one,  cannot  be 
elsewhere  than  by  this  great  channel." 

The  most  satisfactory  explorations  ever  made 
by  the  Spanish  in  the  Xorthwest  were  those 
made  during  1791.  But  they  had  no  longer  a 
monopoly  of  discovery  or  trade  on  the  coast. 
Other  and  more  energetic  nations  had  entered 
the  lists  of  adventure  in  these  seas.  The  new 
Aug  which  the  successful  revolt  of  the  British 


colonies  of  the  Atlantic  coast  had  nailed  to  the 
mast  of  einpire — "thestnrs  and  stripes" — was 
floating  from  the  masts  of  a  large  number  of 
vessels  which  were  hovering  along  the  coast  and 
looking  into  every  bay  and  iulet  of  their  waters. 
Great  Britain,  too,  having  lost  her  colonial  pos- 
sessions on  the  Atlantic  south  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, w<is  more  aTi.xious  than  ever  to  secure 
others  on  the  Pacific  seaboard,  and  nine  of  her 
vessels,  under  the  command  of  her  boldest  and 
most  enterprising  seamen,  were  guarding  her 
interests  and  prosecuting  her  purposes  all  along 
the  coast.  With  the  nine  English  and  seven 
American  and  one  Spanish  vessels,  vigilant  and 
keen-eyed,  and  filled  with  a  spirit  of  national 
competition  for  new  empire,  added  to  the  vigor- 
ous explorations  of  the  Spanish  ships,  there 
could  certainly  little  remain  unknown  along  the 
coast  line  of  the  Northwest  for  many  months 
longer.  So  when  the  year  1791  had  gone  and 
1792  had  come,  the  time  for  the  fulfillment  of 
the  prophecy  of  these  preparations  for  decisive 
discovery  had  come.  'We  shall  follow  only  the 
story  of  these  vessels  which,  during  this  year, 
made  important  discoveries,  and  established,  or 
attempted  to  establish,  national  rights  that  in- 
fluenced the  course  of  after  history.  By  the 
vessels  representing  them  the  governments  of 
the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  Spain,  France 
and  Portugal  were  all  on  this  coast.  Their  con- 
flict, however,  was  not  that  of  guns,  but  of  en- 
terprise and  discovery;  one  greater  than  that  of 
broadsides,  and  determining  the  future  of  a  vast 
empire. 

The  movements  of  the  Spanish  vessels  were 
mainly  limited  to  a  repetition  of  the  already  oft 
repeated  eft'ort  to  discover  a  northwest  passage. 
Spain  reasoned,  and  correctly  enough,  that  if 
her  vessels  were  compelled  to  double  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  and  then  sail  around  Asia  to 
reach  the  northwest  coast  of  America;  or,  on 
the  other  hand,  to  pass  around  Cape  Horn  to 
reach  the  same  point,  it  was  not  worth  her 
while  to  seek  for  possessions  in  northwest  Amer- 
ica. Hence,  if  the  Straits  of  Anian  were  a  myth 
she  was  ready  to  give  up  her  attempts  at  north- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


west  colonization.  True,  the  Mexican  Viceroy, 
representing  the  Spanisli  throne,  directed  his 
vessels  in  these  waters  to  thoronghly  explore 
the  Straits  of  Fuca  and  the  connecting  waters, 
and  to  ascertain  if  there  were  not  convenient 
points  south  of  the  entrance  of  those  Straits  for 
the  establishment  of  Spanit-h  settlements,  but 
these  objects  were  subsidiary  to  the  main  pur- 
pose of  finding  the  connecting  passage  between 
the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific.  Lieutenant  Sal- 
vador Fidalgo,  commanding  the  Princesa,  in 
pursuance  of  this  subsidiary  purpose,  landed  at 


Port  Nunez  Guona — now  Neah  Bay — Just  with- 
in the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Fuca  and  on  its 
south  side,  where  he  erected  buildings  and  for- 
tifications; but  the  main  purpose  failing,  he  re- 
ceived orders  to  abrndon  the  post,  and  he  re- 
moved everything  to  JSootka.  With  the  surren- 
der of  this  purpose  Spanish  efforts  at  discovery 
and  colonization  on  the  northwest  coast  practi- 
cally ended,  leaving  only  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States  as  rivals  and  contestants  in  these 
fields  between  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-fifth  de- 
grees of  north  latitude. 


CHAPTER   III. 

EARLIEST  DISCOVERIES,  CONTINUED. 

The  United  States  Begin  Explokations — 1791-'92— The  Northwest  Sp:as  Filled  With  Ex- 
plorers— Spain  Still  Seeking  foe  the  Straits  of  Anian — She  Retires  From  the  Contest 

Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  Sole  Rivals — Vancouver— His  Careful  Examina- 
tion OF  THE  Coast — Passes  the  Mouth  of  the  Columbia — -His  Journal — Captain  Gray 
Meets  Vancouver — Vancouver's  Voyage  Northward  into  Puget  Sound — Returns 
Southward — Lieutenant  Broughton  Enters  the  Columbia — Discovery  of  the  Columbia 

BY    Captain    Gray — Antecedent    Motives — Boston    Association    for     Discovery The 

Columbia  and  AVashington  Dispatched — Their  Voyage — The  Columbia  Returns  to  Bos- 
ton— Her  Second  Voyage — Reaches  the  Northwest  Coast — Meets  Vancouver They 

Part  Company — Gray  Discovers  Bulfinch  Harbor — Attacked  by  Indians — Enters  the 
Columbia  River — His  Journal — First  Real  Knowledge  of  the  Existence  of  the  Great 
River — The  Ship  Columbia. 


THESE  two  rival  powers  were  in  the  field: 
England  with  the  stored  and  storied  vigor 
of  her  Saxon  thirst  for  empire;  the  United 
States  with  the  flush  and  fervor  of  youth- 
ful nationality  firing  her  to  action,  each  eager, 
confident,  determined;  and  each  realizing  the 
immense  value  of  the  stake  for  which  this  game 
of  discovery  was  being  played  on  these  northern 
and  western  seas.  First,  let  us  read  the  story 
of  Britain's  cruisers  and  captains  in  1792. 

The  two  vessels  that  represented  e'speciaily 
the  interests  of  Great  Britain  in  the  Northwest 
were  the  Discovery,  commanded  by  Captain 
George  Vancouver,  and  the  Chatham,  com- 
manded   by    Lieutenant    W.    R.     Broughton. 


Captain  Vancouver  was  already  acquainted  with 
the  northwest  coast,  having  served  as  a  mid- 
shipman with  Captain  Cook  in  his  voyages  of 
discovery,  to  which  reference  has  already  been 
made.  His  services  had  been  so  eminent  that 
he  had  readied  the  post  of  captain  in  the  royal 
navy,  and  such  was  the  confidence  his  govern- 
ment reposed  in  him  that  he  was  made  com- 
missioner to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the 
Nootka  treaty  between  England  and  Spain. 
For  this  purpose  he  was  on  the  coast;  but  Eng- 
land, ever  awake  to  ulterior  advantages,  di- 
rected him  to  connect  discovery  with  diplo- 
macy, and  especially  to  examine  the  "supposed 
Strait  of  Juan   de   Fnca,  said  to  be  situated   be- 


HISTORY    OF 


tweeu  the  forty-eiglith  and  forty-iiintli  degrees 
of  iiortli  latitude."  He  liad  arrived  off  the 
coast  of  California,  near  Cape  Mendocino,  in 
April,  1792.  He  lost  no  time  in  entering  on  a 
very  careful  examination  of  the  coast  from  the 
point  of  his  arrival  northward;  and,  as  so  much 
of  the  subsequent  history  of  the  Northwest 
turned  on  the  discoveries  of  the  English  cap- 
tain, George  Vancouver,  and  the  American 
captain,  Roliert  Gray,  we  shall  follow  the  story 
of  their  voyages  more  minutely  than  we  liave 
those  of  any  other  navigators. 

Captain  Vancouver  with  his  lieutenant, 
Broughton,  sailed  slowly  northward.  Their  ex- 
aminations of  the  shoi-e-line  were  minute.  Near 
the  forty-third  degree  of  latitude  they  sought 
carefully  for  the  river  wl)ich  the  Spanish  navi- 
gators had  represented  on  their  charts  as  enter- 
ing the  Pacific  at  tha£  point,  but  could  not  find 
it.  On  his  way  up  the  coast  Vancouver  ob- 
served very  carefully  the  "Deception  Bay"  of 
Mears,  which  the  Spanish  charts  represented  as 
the  mouth  of  a  river.  That  our  readers  may 
see  just  the  conclusion  reached  by  this  really 
great  English  navigator  as  he  passed  up  the 
Oregon  coast,  and  by  the  mouth  of  the  great 
Eiver  of  the  West,  we  give  quotations  from 
his  carefully  and  ably  written  journals.  He 
writes  under  date  of  April  27: 

"  Noon  brought  us   up   into  a   conspicuous 


poi 


nt  of  land. 


compr 


of   a  cluster  of  hum- 


mocks, moderately  high  and  projecting  into  the 
sea.  On  the  south  side  of  this  promontory  was 
the  appearance  of  an  inlet,  or  small  river,  the 
land  not  indicating  it  to  be  of  any  great  extent; 
nor  did  it  seem  to  be  accessible  for  vessels  of 
our  burden,  as  the  breakers  extended  from  the 
above  point  two  or  thi-ee  miles  into  the  ocean, 
until  they  joined  these  on  the  beach,  nearly 
four  leagues  further  south.  On  reference  to 
Mr.  Mears'  description  of  the  coast  south  of 
this  promontory,  I  was  first  induced  to  believe 
it  was  Cape  Shoal  water;  but,  on  ascertaining 
its  latitude,  I  presumed  it  to  be  that  which  he 
calls  Cape  Disappointment,  and  the  opening 
south  of  it  Deception  Bay.    This  cape  we  found 


to  l)e  in  latitude  of  forty-six  degrees  nineteen 
minutes,  longitude  236  degrees  6  minutes  east. 
The  sea  had  now  changed  from  its  natural  to 
river-colored  water,  the  probable  consequence 
of  some  streams  falling  into  the  bay  or  into 
the  opening  north  of  it,  through  the  low  land. 
Not  considering  this  opening  worthy  of  more 
attention,  I  continued  our  pursuit  to  the  north- 
west, being  desirous  to  embrace  the  advantages 
of  the  now  prevailing  breezes  and  pleasant 
weather,  so  favorable  to  an  examination  of  the 
coasts." 

Thus  Captain  George  Vancouver  swept  by 
the  mouth  of  the  great  river  only  two  weeks 
before  Captain  Eobert  Gray  turned  the  prow  of 
the  Columbia  into  its  crystal  waters,  having,  as 
he  believed,  ascertained  that  "the  several  large 
rivers  and  capacious  inlets,  that  have  been  de- 
scribed as  discharging  their  contents  into  the 
Pacific,  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-eighth 
degrees  of  north  latitude,  were  reduced  to 
brooks  insufficient  for  our  vessels  to  navigate, 
or  to  bays  inaccessible  as  harbors  for  refitting. 
As  justifying  this  conclusion,  on  the  29th  of 
April  he  gave  the  following  somewhat  elaborate 
statement  of  his  reasons  for  making  it: 

"  Considering  ourselves  now  on  the  point  of 
commencing  an  examination  of  an  entirely  new 
region,  I  cannot  take  leave  of  the  coast  already 
known,  without  obtruding  a  short  remark  on 
that  part  of  the  continent,  comprehending  a 
space  of  nearly  215  leagues,  on  which  our  in- 
quiries have  been  lately  employed,  under  the 
most  fortunate  and  favorable  circumstances  of 
wind  and  weather.  So  minutely  has  this  ex- 
tensive coast  been  inspected  that  the  surf  has 
been  constantly  seen  to  break  on  its  shores  from 
the  mast-head;  and  it  was  but  a  few  small 
intervals  only  our  distance  precluded  its  being 
visible  from  the  deck.  "Whenever  the  weather 
prevented  our  making  free  with  the  shore,  or  on 
our  heading  off  for  the  night,  the  return  of  fine 
weather  and  of  daylight  uniformly  brought  us, 
if  not  to  the  identical  spot  we  had  departed 
from,  at  least  within  a  few  miles  of  it,  and 
never  beyond  the  northern  limits  of  tlie  coast 


II I  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


we  lia'l  previously  seen.  An  examination  so 
directed,  and  eircunistancei  so  concurring  to 
permit  its  l)eing  so  executed,  afforded  tlie  most 
complete  opportunity  of  determining  its  various 
turnings  and  windings,  as  also  tlie  position  of 
all  its  couspicuous  points,  ascertained  by  merid- 
ional altitudes  for  the  latitude,  and  observa- 
tions for  tlie  chronometer,  which  we  had  the 
good  fortune  to  make  constantly  once,  and  in 
general  twice,  every  day,  the  preceding  one  only 
excepted.  It  must  be  considered  a  very  singu- 
lar circumstance  that,  in  so  great  an  extent  of 
sea-coast,  we  should  not  until  now  have  seen 
the  appearance  of  any  opening  in  its  shore 
which  presented  any  prospect  of  affording  a 
shelter,  the  whole  coast  forming  one  compact 
and  nearly  straight  barrier  against  the  sea." 

The  day  on  which  Vancouver  had  written 
these  statements  had  not  passed  before  a  sail 
was  discovered  to  the  westward,  standing  in 
shore.  She  soon  hoisted  the  stars  and  stripes 
and  fired  a  gun  to  leeward.  At  six  she  was 
within  hail,  and  proved  to  be  the  ship  Colum- 
bia, Captain  Robert  Gray,  nineteen  months 
from  Boston.  Captain  Vancouver  requested 
him  to  "  bring  to,"  and  sent  Mr.  Fuget  and 
Mr.  Menzie  on  board  the  Columbia  to  obtain 
such  information  as  might  be  serviceable  1o  the 
English  captain  in  his  future  operations.  This 
mainly  relating  to  the  Straits  of  Fuca  and  the 
waters  connecting  therewith,  was  very  cour- 
teously communicated  by  Captain  Gray.  He 
also  communicated  another  piece  of  information 
to  which  Vancouver  gave  little  or  no  credit,  and 
to  which  he  makes  the  following  reference: 

"He  likewise  informed  them — Mr.  Pngetand 
Mr.  Menzie — of  his  having  been  off  the  mouth 
of  a  river,  in  the  latitude  of  46°  10',  where  the 
outset  or  reflux  was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  his 
entering  for  nine  days.  This  was  probably  the 
opening  passed  by  us  on  the  forenoon  of  the 
27th,  and  was  apparently  inaccessible,  not  from 
the  current,  but  from  the  breakers  that  extended 
aci-oss  it." 

But  the  English  captain's  mind  was  not  at 
rest,  and  it  is  plain  to  be  seen  from  the  tone  of 


his  journal  that  he  was  both  asking  himself, 
"  What  if  I  have  made  a  mistake?"  and  at  the 
same  time  trying  to  justify  his  conclusions  by 
arguments  that  would  palliate  his  doubts.  So 
he  recurs  to  the  subject  again  on  the  day  after 
his  meeting  wdth  the  Columbia,  as  follows: 

"The  river  mentioned  by  Mr.  Gray  should, 
from  the  latitude  he  assigned  to  it,  have  exist- 
ence in  the  bay  south  of  Cape  Disappointment.' 
This  we  passed  in  the  forenoon  of  the  27th,  and, 
as  I  then  observed,  if  any  inlet  or  river  should 
be  found,  it  would  be  a  very  intricate  one,  and 
inaccessible  to  vessels  of  great  burden,  owing  to 
the  reefs  and  broken  water,  which  then  appeared 
in  its  neighborhood.  Mr.  Gray  stated  that  he 
had  been  several  days  attempting  to  enter  it, 
which,  at  length,  he  was  unable  to  effect,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  very  strong  outset.  This  is  a 
phenomenon  difficult  to  account  for,  as,  in  most 
cases,  where  there  are  outsets  of  such  strength 
on  a  seacoast  there  are  corresponding  tides  set- 


ting in. 


that,  however,  as   it   may,  I  was 


thoroughly  convinced,  as  were  most  persons  of 
observation  oi:  board,  that  we  could  not  possibly 
have  passed  any  safe,  navigable  opening,  harbor, 
or  place  of  security  for  shipping,  on  this  coast 
from  Cape  Mendocino  to  the  promontory  of 
Classet  [Cape  Flattery],  nor  had  we  any  reason 
to  alter  our  opinion,  notwithstanding  that  theo- 
retical geographers  have  thought  proper  to  assert 
in  that  space  the  existence  of  arms  of  the  ocean 
communicating  with  a  Mediterranean  sea,  and 
extensive  rivers  with  safe  and  convenient  ports." 

Having  thus  apparently  argued  himself  into 
the  assurance  that  he  was  right  and  the  Ameri- 
can captain  wrong  in  regard  to  the  existence  of 
an  important  river  on  that  portioti  of  the  coast, 
the  15ritish  navigator  proceeded  to  his  survey  of 
the  Straits  of  Fuca,  and  the  American  captain 
bore  toward  the  opening  of  "  Deception  Bay." 

Before  taking  up  the  story  of  Gray's  voyage, 
we  need  to  follow  Vancouver  and  Broughton  in 
their  survey  of  the  Straits  of  Fuca  and  the  adja.- 
cent  and  connecting  waters,  as  their  survey  of 
these  fall  within  the  limits  of  country  and  time 
to  which  our  history  is  intended  to  be  confined, 


HISTORY    OF    WASaiHGTON. 


On  tLe  lirst  of  May  tliey  sailed  from  (]ape 
Flattery  eastward,  along  the  coast,  following  the 
track  of  the  Spanish  navigators.  Vancouver 
named  the  Port  Quadra  of  Qnimper,  Port  Dis- 
covery, after  the  name  of  his  vessel.  Just  east- 
ward of  this  port  he  entered  the  mouth  of  the 
Canal  de  Caamano,  as  it  was  called  by  the  same 
Spaniard,  which  he  called  Admiralty  Inlet.  T'ms 
he  ex])lored  to  its  head,  more  than  a  hundred 
miles  from  the  straits,  and  the  southernmost 
extension  of  it  he  named  Pnget's  Sound,  while 
its  western  branch  he  called  Hood's  Canal,  and 
its  eastern  Possession  Sound.  On  the  shore  of 
Possession  sound  the  English  landed  on  the  4th 
of  June,  and  celebrated  the  birthday  of  their 
sovereign  by  taking  possession  in  his  name,  and 
"with  the  usual  formalities,  of  all  that  part  of 
New  Albion,  from  the  latitude  of  89  degrees  20 
minutes  north,  and  longitude  230  degrees  20 
minutes  cast,  to  the  entrance  of  the  inlet  of  the 
sea,  said  to  be  the  supposed  Strait  of  Juan  de 
Fuca,  as  also  all  the  coasts,  islands,  etc.,  within 
the  said  Strait,  and  both  its  shores."  To  this 
region  thus  claimed  they  gave  the  appellation  of 
New  Georgia. 

After  completing  his  survey  of  these  waters, 
Vancouver  sailed  to  Noofka  to  attend  to  his  duty 
as  royal  commissioner,  as  before  explained. 
This  attended  to  he  again  turned  his  vessel 
southward,  for  the  story  of  Captain  Gray  about 
the  mouth  of  a  great  river  was  still  exciting,  if 
not  troubling  him.  On  the  20th  of  October 
he  was  again  off  Deception  Bay.  Lieutenant 
Broughton  in  the  Chatham  entered  the  mouth 
of  the  river  on  that  day,  but  Vancouver  was 
unable  to  take  in  the  Discovery,  and  being  still 
of  the  opinion  that  the  stream  was  inaccessible 
to  large  ships  sailed  for  the  bay  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  he  had  appointed  as  the  rendezvous 
for  his  vessels  in  case  of  separation. 

This  was  the  close  of  Captain  Vancouver's 
work  on  the  north  Pacific  coast.  Lieutenant 
Proughtou  spent  some  time  in  the  river,  I'each- 
ing  in  a  row-boat  a  point  of  land  he  named 
Point  Vancouver,  in  honor  of  his  captain,  a  place 
which    has   retained    the   name   of  the  English 


navigator  through  all  the   changes  of  discovery 
and  history. 

We  are  now  ready  to  turn  to  the  story  of  the 
discovery  of  the  great  River  of  the  West  by 
Captain  Robert  Gray.  As  the  expedition  which 
resulted  in  this  most  important  event  was  dis- 
tinctively American,  and  was  undertaken  so  soon 
after  the  United  States  had  achieved  independ- 
ence and  became  a  recognized  force  among  the 
woi-ld's  great  powers,  it  seems  proper  that  we 
give  it  a  somewhat  particular  setting  forth.  Be- 
sides it  was  that  one  venture  that  thus  early 
gave  the  United  States  high  place  in  the  his- 
tory of  maritime  adventure  and  discovery,  and, 
so  far  as  claims  from  discovery  and  prior  occu- 
pancy of  any  regions  can,  under  international 
reasons,  give  any  country  a  right  to  the  posses- 
sion and  ownership  of  newly  discovered  uncivil- 
ized lands,  furnished  the  decisive  ground  for 
America's  claim  to  (Jregon.  It  will  be  well, 
therefore,  if  we,  as  Americans,  pause  long 
enough  here  to  get  both  the  antecedent  motives 
and  the  real  story  of  this  expedition  clearly  set 
in  our  minds. 

For  the  unknown  ages  "  The  Oregon"  had 
rolled  unseen  "through  the  continuous  woods" to 
the  sea.  From  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury the  discoverers  and  adventurers  of  France 
and  Spain  and  Portugal  and  England,  as  well  as 
the  "Freebooters"  of  all  climes,  had  been  sailing 
all  oceans  and  spying  all  shores  in  keen  quest 
of  new  lands  to  add  to  old  dominions,  or  of 
treasures  of  gold  and  silver  and  precious  stones 
to  make  more  plethoric  their  national  treasuries, 
or  add  new  luster  to  their  jeweled  crowns.  The 
independent  rovers  soughtfor  any  prizeon  ship  or 
shore  that  could  add  to  their  accumulated  spoils, 
either  of  "  beauty  or  booty."  The  Pacific  ocean 
was  the  great  field  of  their  unrestrained  roam. 
From  the  capitals  of  Europe  it  was  across  the 
Atlantic  ocean  and  the  American  continent  on 
the  one  side,  and  on  the  other  behind  the  Indian 
seas  and  Asia;  the  largest  continent  of  the 
globe.  There  they  were  secure  from  the  direct 
interference  of  courts  or  kings,  and  limited 
only   by  their  own  wills  or   strength  came  and 


HlSIOItY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


went  at  their  pleasure.  From  island  to  main- 
land tliey  coursed  the  ocean.  From  the  Behring 
foas  to  PatagoDia  they  traced  the  shore-lines  of 
America.  Tney  discovered  capes  and  liead- 
lands,  baj-s  and  straits  until  tliey  supposed  they 
liad  charted  all  the  coast.  Thus  their  woi-k  went 
on  until  1780,  and  even  later,  and  still  "The 
Oregon"  rolled  unseen  to  the  sea. 

A  story  that  liad  come  at  last  to  seem  a  myth 
oi  some  great  "  River  of  the  West"  that  went 
down  from  the  mountains  toward  the  west,  had 
floated,  in  some  mysterious  way,  into  the  thoughts 
of  geographers  and  explorers,  and  even  a:  name 
— Oregon — had  been  given  to  it;  but  no  eye  save 
that  of  whatever  barbarous  hordes  might  dwell 
in  its  primeval  solitudes  liad  ever  seen  its 
springs  or  traced  its  course  or  noted  its  issue 
into  tiie  ocean.  Faith  in  its  existence  was  well 
nigh  lost.  How  could  it  have  been  otherwise? 
It  had  been  one  great  object  of  the  quest  of  the 
navigators  along  the  western  coast.  Mears  and 
Cook  and  Vancouver,  and  all  the  navigators  of 
the  Pacific  coast  had  songlit  for  its  mouth  every- 
where from  San  Diego  to  where  the  Russian 
Bear  guarded  the  bleak  headlands  of  Muscovian 
America,  and  it  could  not  be  found.  For  them 
it  did  not  exist.  Still,  in  another  quarter  and 
among  another  people,  events  were  drawing 
toward  a  conclusion  that  would  greatly  change 
international  relations  on  the  western  coast,  and 
instate  a  specifically  American  power  among  the 
European  claimants  of  its  soil  and  sovereignty. 
Let  us  tee  what  tliey  were. 

The  puhlieation  in  1784  of  Ckptain  Cook's 
journal  of  his  third  voyage  awakened,  not  in 
England  only,  but  in  New  England  as  well,  a  pro- 
found interest  in  the  possibility  of  an  impor- 
tant and  profitable  trade  on  the  Northwest  coast. 
In  Boston  a  number  of  gentleman  took  up  the 
matter  seriously,  and  determined  to  embark  in 
the  enterprise  on  their  own  account.  The  lead- 
ing spirit  among  them  was  Joseph  Barrell,  a 
gentleman  of  cultivated  tastes,  wide  knowledge 
of  affairs,  high  social  standing,  and  acknowl- 
edged influence.  Associated  with  liim  in  close 
relationship    was    Cliarles    Bui  finch,    a    recent 


graduate  from  Harvard,  atid  who  had  just  re- 
turned from  pursuing  special  studies  in  Europe. 
The  other  patrons  of  the  enterprise  conceived 
by  these  gentlemen  were  Samuel  Brown,  a  pros- 
perous merchant;  Jolm  Derby,  a  shipmaster  of 
Salem;  Captain  Crowell  Hatch,  a  resident  of 
Cambridge;  and  John  Mintard  Pintard  of  the 
New  York  house  of  Lewis  Pintard  &  Co. 
These  six  gentlemen  subscribed  over  $50,000, 
and  purchased  the  ship  Columbia,  or,  as  it  was 
afterward  often  called,  Columbia  Pediviva. 

The  Columbia  was  a  full-rigged  ship,  eighty- 
three  feet  long  and  of  212  tons'  burden.  A 
consort  was  provided  for  her  in  the  Washington, 
a  sloop  of  ninety  tons,  designed  for  cruising 
among  the  islands  and  in  the  inlets  of  the  coast 
in  the  expected  trade  with  the  Indians.  Small 
as  these  vessels  seem  to  us  in  this  day  of  pon- 
derous steamships,  they  were  staunclily  built, 
and  manned  by  skillful  navigators.  As  captain 
of  the  Columbia  the  company  selected  John 
Kendrick,  an  experienced  officer,  forty-tive  years 
of  age,  who  had  done  considerable  privateering 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  had  since  com- 
manded several  vessels  in  the  merchant  service. 
For  the  charge  of  the  Washington  Captain 
Robert  Gray,  an  able  seaman,  who  had  been  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  navy,  and  a  personal 
friend  of  Captain  Kendrick,  was  chosen.  These 
able  and  experienced  leaders  had  equally  able 
subordinates.  These  were  Simeon  Woodruff, 
who  had  been  one  of  Captain  Cook's  officers  in 
his  last  voyage  to  the  Pacific.  Joseph  Ingraham, 
destined  to  be  a  cotispicuous  figure  in  the  trade 
they  were  to  inaugurate;  and  Robert  Haswell, 
son  of  a  lieutenant  in  the  British  navy. 

On  the  30th  day  of  September,  1787,  the  two 
vessels  in  company  sailed  out  of  Boston  harbor 
on  their  long  voyage.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
our  history  to  trace  that  voyage  by  the  Cape 
Verde  and  Faulkland  Islands,  around  Cape  Horn 
and  up  the  Pacific  sea.  On  the  way,  on  the 
morning  of  April  1,  1788,  the  vessels  were 
separated  in  a  storm,  and  each  pursued  the  voy- 
age on  its  own  account.  The  Washington  with 
Captain  Gray  first  saw  the  coast  of  New  Albion, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


in  latitude  41  decrees,  near  Cape  Mendocino,  on 
the  2d  day  of  Anj!;ii8t.  Sailing  up  the  coast,  in 
latitude  44°  20',  they  entered  a  harbor,  which 
they  took  to  be  "  the  entrance  of  a  large  river, 
where  great  commercial  advantages  might  be 
reaped."  Still  farther  up  the  coast  they  "  made 
a  tolerably  commodious  harbor  "  and  anchored 
half  a  mile  off  shore.  Here  they  were  assailed 
by  the  Indians  and  the  vessel  very  narrowly  es- 
caped capture.  They  gave  the  [dace  the  appro- 
priate name  of  "Murderers'  Harbor."  It  was 
probably  Tillamook  Bay.  Ilasweli,  who  kept 
a  very  circumstantial  journal  of  the  e.xpedition, 
thought  it  "  must  be  the  entrance  of  the  River 
of  the  West,"  though  he  considered  it  "  by  no 
means  a  safe  place  for  any  but  very  small  ves- 
sels to  enter."  Captain  Gray  was  glad  to  get 
safely  rid  of  "Murderers'  Harbor"  and  pursue 
his  northward  voyage.  He  had  so  good  a  breeze 
that  he  "passed  a  considerable  length  of  coast 
without  standing  in,  thus  sweeping  directly  by 
the  month  of  the  Great  River,  of  the  existence  of 
which  his  maps  and  charts  had  only  some  vague 
and  entirely  supposititious  suggestions.  The 
chronicler  of  his  voyage  made  no  allusion  to  any 
circumstances  that  would  indicate  that  they  had 
the  slightest  idea  that  any  such  river  really 
entered  the  ocean  in  this  "length  of  coast." 
Farther  north,  on  August  21,  they  saw  "ex- 
ceedingly high  mountains  covered  with  snow." 
They  pass  the  Straits  of  Fuca  without  noting 
them,  although  their  journalist  says:  "  I  am  of 
the  opinion  that  the  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca  do 
exist,  though  Captain  Cook  positively  asserts 
they  do  not."  On  the  16th  day  of  August  the 
Washington  reached  its  destined  harbor  in 
Nootka  Sound;  finding  two  English  vessels  un- 
der Portuguese  colors  at  anchor  there,  the  Felice 
under  Captain  Means  and  the  Iphigenia  under 
Captain  Douglas,  both  of  whom  received  the 
little  sloop  with  hospitable  friendliness. 

Three  days  later  the  Englishmen  launched  a 
small  schooner,  which  they  named  "North 
West  America."  This  was  the  first  vessel  ever 
built  01)  the  coast.      It   was  g;ila  day,   English- 


men  and    Americans    cordially   joining    in    its 
salutes  and  festivities. 

On  the  23d  of  August  the  Columl)ia,  which 
liad  been  separated  from  the  Washington  for 
nearly  five  months,  appeared  in  the  ofKng;  and 
thus  after  nearly  eleven  months  from  tiieir  clear- 
ance from  Boston  these  historic  vessels  were  re- 
united again  on  the  other  side  of  the  continent, 
and  Captain  Kendrick  again  assumed  charge  of 
the  expedition. 

Although,  in  this  expedition,  the  mouth  of 
the  mythical  Great  River  was  not  discovered,  yet 
the  knowledge  gained  of  the  coast  by  Captain 
Gray  stood  him  in  good  stead,  when  four  years 
later,  in  command  of  the  Columbia,  he  was 
again  upon  the  northwest  coast. 

AVhen  the  vessels  had  fulfilled  their  intended 
stay  on  the  coast,  Captain  Kendrick,  as  com- 
mander of  the  expedition,  decided  to  put  the 
ship's  property  on  board  the  sloop  and  go  on  a 
cruise  with  her  himself,  while  Captain  Gray 
should  take  the  Columbia  to  Boston  by  the  way 
of  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  China.  The  in- 
cidents of  her  voyage  are  interesting,  but  they 
are  not  in  the  course  of  our  narrative.  It 
suffices  to  say  that  she  left  the  harbor  of  Clay- 
oquot  July  30,  1789,  and  reached  her  destina- 
tion on  the  10th  of  August,  1790,  having  sailed, 
by  her  log,  50,000  miles. 

Tills  voyage  of  tiie  Columbia  gave  the  ves- 
sel, her  officers  and  owners  great  eclat.  Gov- 
ernor John  Hancock  gave  an  entertainment  in 
their  honor.  Though  the  profits  of  the  voyage 
were  small,  it  was  an  achievement  to  be  proud 
of,  and  had  prepared  the  way  for  more  profit- 
able trade  in  subsequent  years.  The  owners  of 
the  ship  therefore  immediately  projected  a  sec- 
ond voyage  for  her.  She  was  put  in  perfect 
order,  with  new  masts  and  spars  and  a  com- 
plete outfit,  and  again  left  Boston  on  the  28th 
of  September,  1790,  with  Captain  Gray  in  com- 
mand and  a  well-selected  corps  of  officers  and 
a  complete  crew.  Stopping  only  at  the  Faulk- 
land  Island  for  a  few  days,  Captain  Gray  sailed 
directly  to  Cloyo(^uot,  arriving  there  on  the  4th 
day  of  June,  1791. 


inSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  instructious  of  Captain  Gray  contem- 
plated a  season's  trade  with  tlie  natives  on  the 
coast,  then  a  visit  to  China  for  the  sale  of  the 
furs  he  might  obtain.  He  was  charged  not  to 
visit  any  Spanish  port,  not  to  trade  with  any 
of  the  subjects  of  his  Catholic  majesty  "for  a 
single  farthing."  Gray  found  tiie  natives  very 
treaciierous  and  cruel.  Three  of  his  men  were 
massacred.  In  July  Captain  Kendrick  in  the 
Washington  arrived  from  China,  and  the  two 
vessels  and  commanders  were  reunited  near 
where  they  separated  two  years  before, — the 
one.  Columbia,  having  made  the  circuit  of  the 
world. 

In  February,  1792,  a  plot  was  laid  by  the  In- 
dians for  the  capture  of  the  ship.  The  crafty 
chiefs  had  endeavored  to  bribe  Attoo — a  Ha- 
waiian lad,  who  had  been  taken  by  Captain  Gray 
from  the  Sandwich  Islands  when  on  his  way  to 
China,  and  who  had  remained  with  him  until 
now — to  wet  the  ship's  firearms  and  give  them 
a  lot  of  musket  balls;  promising  to  make  him 
a  great  chief.  He  informed  the  captain  of  the 
plot.  Gray  was  greatly  excited.  His  heavy 
guns  were  all  on  shore,  but  he  ordered  the 
swivels  loaded,  the  ship's  people  to  come  on 
board,  and  the  ship  to  be  unmoored  from  the 
shore  and  moved  out  from  the  bank.  At  mid- 
night the  warwhoop  of  the  Indians  resounded 
through  the  forests.  Hundreds  of  the  savages 
had  assembled,  but  on  finding  their  plans  frus- 
trated by  Gray's  precautions  they  instantly  dis- 
persed. 

On  the  23d  of  February,  a  sloop,  which  was 
built  by  the  men  of  the  Columbia  and  named 
the  Adventurer,  was  launched.  This  was  the 
second  vessel  that  was  built  on  the  coast.  She 
was  fitted  up,  secured  her  stores,  and  went 
northward  on  a  cruise  under  the  command  of 
Haswell.  And  by  this  course  of  events  we  are 
brought  up  to  a  date  and  an  incident  that  took 
the  name  of  the  Columbia,  and  of  Captain  Gray, 
her  commander,  out  of  the  list  of  ordinary  ships 
and  ordinary  commanders  and  fixed  them  in  a 
place  of  transcendent  and  enduring  fame.  To 
this  incident  let  us  now  carefully  attend. 


Captain  Gray  now  started  on  a  cruise  south- 
ward. On  the  29th  of  April,  1792,  lie  fell  in 
with  Vancouver,  who  had  been  sent  from  En- 
gland with  three  vessels  of  the  royal  navy  as 
commissioner  to  execute  the  provisions  of  the 
Nootka  treaty,  and  to  explore  the  coast.  Van- 
couver said  he  had  made  no  discoveries  as  yet, 
and  inquired  if  Gray  had  made  any.  Gray  re- 
plied that  he  had;  that  in  latitude  46°  and  10' 
he  had  recently  been  off  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
which  for  nine  days  he  had  tried  to  enter,  but 
the  outset  was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  it,  but 
he  was  going  to  try  it  again.  Vancouver  said 
this  must  bo  the  small  opening  he  had  passed 
two  days  before,  which  he  thought  might  be  a 
small  river,  inaccessible  because  of  the  break- 
ers extending  across  it.  Of  it  Vancouver  wrote 
in  his  journal:  "Not  considering  this  opening 
worthy  of  mention,  I  continued  our  pursuit  to 
the  northwest." 

What  a  turn  was  this  in  the  affairs  of  men 
aTid  the  destiny  of  the  world.  Had  the  British 
navigator  really  seen  the  river  it  would  certainly 
have  had  another  name,  and  the  Pacific  coast 
another  history. 

The  two  navigators,  the  Briton  and  the  Amer- 
ican, parted  here,  Vancouver  continuing  his 
"pursuit  to  the  northwest,"  and  Gray  sailing 
southward  in  the  track  of  destiny  and  glory. 

On  the  7th  of  May  lie  saw  an  entrance  into 
a  bay,  in  latitude  46  degrees  58  minutes,  "  which 
had  a  very  good  appearance  of  a  harbor,"  and 
bore  away  and  ran  in.  This  he  called  Bultinch 
Harbor,  but  it  was  soon  after  designated  as 
Gray's  Harbor  as  a  deserved  compliment  to  Gray, 
by  which  name  it  still  is  and  always  will  be 
known.  Here  on  a  moonlight  night  he  was  at- 
tacked by  the  natives  and  was  obliged  to  fire 
upon  them  in  self-defense.  On  the  10th  of  May 
he  resumed  his  course  to  the  south,  and  at  day- 
break on  the  lltli  saw  the  entrance  of  his  de- 
sired port.  As  he  drew  near,  about  eight  o'clock, 
he  bore  away  with  all  sails  set,  ran  directly  in  be- 
tween the  breakers,  and  to  his  great  delight 
found  his  ship  in  a  large  river  of  fresh  water 


up 


which  he  steered   ten  mil 


Here,  rather 


UISTOBT    OF    WASUINGTON. 


tlian  cliaiiae  the  phraseology  of  Captain  Gray, 
we  crivetlie  exact  language  of  the  Colnrabia'slog 
from  May  7th  to  May  21,  1792,  at  \fhich  date 
she  was  again  on  her  way  to  the  north,  and  sail- 
ino-  away  fi'Oin  the  hold  headland  of  "Cape 
HaneoL'k:  " 

May  7,  1792,  a.  m.:  Being  within  six  miles 
of  the  land,  saw  an  entrance  in  do.,  which  had  a 
very  good  appearance  of  a  harbor;  lowered  away 
the  juUy-boat  and  went  in  search  of  an  anchor- 
ing place,  the  ship  standing  to  and  fro,  with  a 
very  strong  weather  current:  at  1  p.  m.  the  boat 
returned,  having  found  no  place  where  the  ship 
could  anchor  with  safety;  made  sail  on  the  ship 
— stood  in  for  the  shore;  we  soon  saw,  from  our 
masthead,  a  passage  in  between  the  sand  bars; 
at  8:30  bore  away  and  ran  in  northeast  by  east, 
having  from  fonr  to  eight  fathoms,  sandy  bot- 
tom; and,  as  we  drew  in  nearer  between  the 
bars,  had  from  ten  to  thirteen  fathoms,  having 
a  very  strong  tide  of  ebb  to  stem;  many  canoes 
alongside.  At  5  r.  m.  came  to  in  live  fathoms 
of  water,  sandy  bottom,  in  a  sate  harbor,  well 
sheltered  from  the  sea  l)y_  long  sand-bars  and 
spits;  our  latitude  observed  this  day  was  46° 
58'  north. 

May  10:  Fresh  breezes  and  pleasant  weather. 
Many  natives  alongside;  at  noon  all  the  canoes 
left  us;  at  1  p.  m.  began  to  unmoor;  lookup 
the  best  bower  anchor  and  hove  short  on  the 
small  do.;  at  Bnlfinch's  Harbor,  now  called  Whit- 
by's Bay,  4:30  being  high  water,  hove  up  the 
anchor  and  came  to  sail  and  a  beating  down  the 
harbor. 

May  11,  7:30:  We  were  out  clear  of  the  bars, 
and  directed  our  course  to  the  southward,  along 
shore;  At  8  p.  m.  the  entrance  of  Bulfinch's 
Harbor  bore  north,  distance  four  miles:  the 
southern  extremity  of  the  land  bore  south  south- 
east one-half  east,  and  the  north  do.  north  north- 
west; sent  up  the  main  topgallant  yard  and  set 
all  sail;  at  4  a.  m.  saw  the  entrance  of  our  de- 
sired port,  bearing  east  southeast,  distance  six 
leagues  in  steering  sails,  and  hauled  our  wind  in 
shore:  at  8  a.  m.,  being  a  little  to  windward  of 
the  entrance   of   the   harbor,  bore   away,  and  in 


east  northeast  between  the  breakers,  having  from 
five  to  seven  fathoms  of  water.  When  we  were 
over  the  bar  we  found  this  to  be  a  large  river  of 
fresh  water,  up  which  we  steered;  many  canoes 
came  alongside.  At  1  p.  m.  came  to,  with  small 
bower,  in  ten  fathoms;  black  and  white  sand; 
the  entrance  between  the  bars  bore  west  south- 
west, distance  ten  miles;  the  north  side  of  the 
river  half  a  mile  distant  from  the  ship,  the 
south  side  do.,  two  and  a  half  miles  distant;  a 
village  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  west  bv 
north,  distant  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  Vast 
numbers  of  natives  came  alongside;  people  em- 
ployed in  pumping  the  salt  water  out  of  our 
water-casks  in  order  to  fill  with  fresh  while  the 
ship  floated  in.     So  ends. 

May  14:  Fresh  gales  and  cloudy;  many  na- 
tives alongside.  At  noon  weighed  and  came  to 
sail,  standing  up  the  river  northeast  by  east. 
We  found  the  channel  very  narrow.  At  4  p.m. 
we  had  sailed  upward  of  twelve  or  fifteen  miles, 
when  the  channel  was  so  very  narrow  that  it 
was  almost  impossible  to  keep  in  it;  having 
from  three  to  eighteen  fathoms  of  water,  tandy 
bottom;  at  4:40  the  ship  took  ground,  but  she 
did  not  stay  long  before  she  came  off  without 
any  assistance;  we  backed  her  off  stern  fore- 
most, into  three  fathoms,  and  let  go  the  small 
bower,  and  moored  ship  with  kedgeand  hawser; 
the  jolly-boat  was  sent  to  sound  the  channel 
out,  but  it  was  not  navigable  any  farther;  so, 
of  course,  we  must  have  taken  the  wrong  chan- 
nel. So  ends,  with  rainy  weather;  many  na- 
tives alongside. 

Tuesday,  May  15:  Light  and  pleasant  weather; 
many  natives  from  different  tribes  came  along- 
side. At  10  A.  M.  unmoored  and  dropped  down 
with  the  tide  to  a  better  anchoring  place. 
Smiths  and  other  tradesmen  constantly  em- 
ployed. In  the  afternoon  Captain  Gray  and 
Mr.  Hoskins,  in  the  jolly-boat,  went  on  shore  to 
take  a  short  view  of  the  country. 

May  16:  Light  airs  and  cloudy.  At  4  a.  m., 
hove  up  the  anchor  and  towed  down  about  three 
miles  with  tiie  last  of  theebbtide;  carae  into  six 
fathoms,  sandy  bottom,  the  jolly-boat  sounding 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  channel.  At  10  a.  m.  a  fresh  breeze  came 
up  the  river.  With  the  first  of  the  ebb-tide  we 
got  under  way  and  beat  down  the  river.  At  1, 
from  its  being  very  sqnally,  we  came  to,  about 
two  miles  from  the  village  of  Chinook,  which 
bore  west-northwest.  Many  natives  alongside; 
fresh  gales  and  squally. 

May  18 — Pleasant  weather;  at  4  in  tlie  morn- 
ing, began  to  heave  ahead;  at  4:30,  came  to  sail 
standing  down  tiie  river  with  the  ebb-tide;  at  7, 
being  slack  water  and  the  wind  flattering,  we 
came  to  in  five  fathoms,  sandy  bottom;  the 
entrance  between  the  bars  bore  southwest  by 
west,  distance  three  miles,  the  north  point  of  the 
harbor  bore  northwest,  distance  two  miles;  the 
south  bore  southeast,  distance  two  miles;  the 
south  bore  southeast,  distance  three  and  a  half 
miles;  at  9  a  breeze  sprung  up  from  the  east- 
ward; took  up  the  anchor  and  came  to  sail,  but 
the  wind  soon  came  flattering  again;  came  to 
with  the  kedge  and  hawser;  veered  out  fifty  fath- 
oms. Noon,  pleasant;  latitude  observed,  46° 
17'  north.  At  1  came  to  sail  with  the  first  ebb- 
tide, and  drifted  down  broadside,  with  light  airs 
and  strong  tide;  at  three-quarters  past,  a  fresh 
wind  came  from  the  northward ;  wore  ship  and 
stood  into  the  river  again.  At  4  came  to  in  six 
fathoms;  good  holding  ground,  about  six  or 
seven  miles  up;  many  canoes  alongside. 

May  19:  Fresh  winds  and  clear  weather. 
Early  a  number  of  canoes  came  alongside;  sea- 
men and  tradesmen  employed  in  their  various 
departments.  Captain  Gray  gav^e  this  river  the 
name  of  Columbia  river,  and  the  north  side  of 
entrance  Cape  Hancock,  the  south  side  Adams 
Point. 

May  20:  Gentle  breeze  and  pleasant  weatiier. 
At  1  p.  M.,  being  full  sea,  took  up  the  anchor 
and  made  sail,  standing  down  river;  at  2  the 
wind  left  us,  we  being  on  the  bar  with  very 
strong  tide,  which  set  on  the  breakers;  it  was 
not  possible  to  get  out  without  a  breeze  to  shoot 
her  across  the  tide,  so  we  were  obliged  to  bring 
up  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms,  the  tide  running 
five  knots;  at  2:45  a  fresh  wind  came  in  from 
the  seaboard,  we  immediately  came  to  sail  and 


beat  over  the  bar,  having  from  five  to  seven 
fathoms  of  water;  a  breeze  came  from  the  south- 
ward; we  bore  away  to  the  iiortliward,  set  all 
sail  to  the  best  advantage.  At  8  Cape  Hancock 
bore  southeast,  distant  three  leagues;  the  iiortii 
extreme  of  the  land  in  sight  bore  north  by 
west.  At  9,  in  steering  and  topgallant  sails. 
Midnight,  light  airs.  1  '-JQ-l  rr-l  Q 

May  21:  At  6  a.  m.  the  nearest  lancl  m  siglit 
bore  east  southeast,  distant  eight  leagues.  At  7 
set  topgallant  sails  and  light  stay-sails;  At  11 
set  steering  sails  fore  and  aft.  Noon,  pleasant, 
agreeable  weather;  the  entrance  of  Bnlfinch's 
Harbor  bore  southeast  by  east  half  east,  distant 
five  leagues." 

This  departure  of  the  ship  Columbia,  with 
her  gallant  captain  and  crew,  from  the  mouth 
of  the  great  river  henceforth  to  bear  the  name  of 
the  vessel  whose  keel  first  cleft  its  bosom,  closes 
the  most  eventful  and  thrilling  chapter  of 
American  discovery  and  adventure  on  the  north- 
west coast.  Up  to  this  time  the  "Great  River  of 
the  West''  had  been  but  a  dream,  a  vague  and 
uncertified  conjecture.  Henceforth  it  is  an 
ascertained  and  certified  reality;  and  after  all 
the  efforts  of  jealous  rivals  for  the  fame  of  the 
important  discovery,  it  must  forever  remain 
true  that  on  the  11th  day  of  May,  1792,  the 
first  real  knowledge  of  the  existence  of  this 
mighty  stream  was  gained  by  a  civilized  man, 
and  the  name  it  bears  tVirever  monuments  the 
day  and  the  deed  and  the  name. 

Undoubtedly  Carver,  to  whom  the  word  Ore- 
gon is  traced,  may  have  heard  of  the  river  in 
1767  from  the  Indians  of  the  Rocky  Mountains; 
and  Heceta  in  1775  was  near  enough  to  its 
mouth  to  believe  in  its  existence;  and  Mears 
in  1788  named  Cape  Disappointment  and  De- 
ception Bay;  but  none  of  these  saw  the  river, 
nor  really  knew  it  existed.  Mears,  whose  claim 
as  its  discoverer  England  maintained  so  long 
and  strenuously,  showed  by  the  very  names 
he  gave  the  cape  and  the  bay  that  he  was  de- 
ceived al)out  it.  And,  to  conclude  the  argu- 
ment against  himself,  he  gave  not  the  slightest 
suggestion  of  the  river  on  his  map.     The  honor 


36 


JIISTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  discovery  must  foiever  rest  with  Gray.  -His 
was  tlie  first-  ship  to  cleave  its  waters;  his  the 
first  chart  ever  made  of  its  shores;  liis  the  first 
landing  ever  effected  there  by  civilized  men, 
and  the  name  he  gave  it  has  been  universally 
accepted.  The  flag  he  there  threw  to  the  breeze 
was  the  first  ensign  of  any  nation  that  ever 
waved  over  these  unexplored  banks,  and  the 
ceremony  of  occupation  that  he  performed  was 
something  more  than  a  meaningless  pastime. 
It  was  a  serious  act  performed  of  national  sig- 
nificance, and  was  by  liim  reported  to  the  world 
as  soon  as  possible.  And  when  we  remember 
that  as  a  result  of  this  came  the  expedition  of 
Lewis  and  Clarke  in  18U4  and  1S05,  and  the 
American  settlement  of  Astoria  in  1811 — to  say 
nothing  of  the  diplomatic  acquisitions  of  the 
old  Spanish  rights  by  the  United  States — we 
may  safely  say  that  the  title  of  the  United  States 
to  the  Columbia  river  and  the  country  drained 
by  its  waters  becanae  incontestable.  And  hence 
the  outcouje  of  the  "Oregon  question"  in  1846. 
Though  with  their  departure  from  the  river 
the  Columbia  and  her  officers  and  crew  ceased 
to  have  any  active  association  witl)  the  history 
and  development  of  the  region  for  which  they 
had  done  so  much,  yet  patriotism  as  an  Ameri- 
can requires  that  in  a  few  sentences  we  trace 
their  history  to  its  end. 


Tlie  Columbia  remained  upon  tiie  northwest 
coast  during  the  summer  of  17U2,  and  Captain 
Gray  pursued  an  industrious  trade  in  furs  witii 
the  Indians  under  many  disadvantages  and  at- 
tended by  ma,ny  dangers.  In  the  autumn  he 
hoisted  sail  for  home,  by  the  way  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands  and  China,  amid  the  cheers  of  his 
crew,  who  sang  a  joyous  "  homeward  bound"  as 
they  spread  the  canvas  to  the  breeze.  At  last, 
after  all  her  rovings,  the  good  ship  reached 
Boston  July  29, 1793,  havingimmortalized,  if  not 
enriched,  her  owners,  officers  and  crew, —  which 
is,    after  all,  the  greatest  possible  enricliment. 

In  a  few  years  the  ship  was  worn  out  and 
dismantled,  and  soon  her  chief  oflicers  all  passed 
away.  Xendrick  never  returned  to  America. 
Gray  comnianded  several  vessels  after  this  and 
died  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1806. 
Ingraham  became  an  officer  in  the  navy,  and 
went  down  with  the  ill-fated    brig  Pickering  in 

1800.  Davidson  was  lost  on  the  Rover  in  -the 
Pacific,  and  Haswell  sailed  for  the  last  time  in 

1801,  and  was  also  lost  on  the  return  voyage. 
Their  names,  however,  will  always  be  associated 
with  the  ships  they  sailed  and  served  so  well, 
and  as  long  as  the  "  Great  River  of  the  West" 
flows  to  the  sea  so  long  will  the  "  Columbia" 
be  gratefully  and  proudly  remembered  by  the 
A.merican  people. 


UI8I0RT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

OVERLAND  EXPLORATIONS. 

■AiN  Led  Maritime  Discoveries — France  Led  Land  Explorations — New  Conditions  and  Com- 
binations— England's  Position — McKenzie's  Journeys — Important  Coincidence — Jeffer- 
son's Proposition — Lewis  and  Clarke — Instructions  to  Them — LouisiANAt^EDED  —Lewis  and 
Clarke  Set  out — Trip  over  the  "Stony  Mountains" — Vottage  down  Snake  Kiver — Reach 
THE  Ocean — Winter  Quarters — Start  Homeward — Discovery  of  the  Willamette  River 
— Yellept — Travel  up  the  Nez  Perces  Trail — Reach  the  United  States — Me.  Jefferson's 
Statement — Lewis  made  Governor,  and  Clarke  General  and  Indian  Agent — Captain 
Jonathan  Carver — First  Uses  the  Name  '-Oregon" — Captain  J.  C.  Fremont's  Expeditions 
— Route  of  Travel — Visits  Salt  Lake — Reaches  the  Dalles — Visits  Vancouver—  Win- 
ter Journey  to  California. 


THE  course  of  our  narrative,  during  the 
long  period  of  time  in  which  the  Pacific 
coast  of  North  America  was  being  slowly 
brought  to  the  knowledge  of  civilized  man 
shows  that  the  Frenchman  and  the  Spaniard 
were  the  pioneers  of  exploration  in  that  region 
both  by  sea  and  land.  Spain  led  the  maritime 
nations  in  distant  and  successful  voyages.  The 
voyage  of  Columbus  under  the  auspices  of  Fer- 
dinand and  his  noble  queen  Isabella,  whose  reign 
over  the  united  kingdoms  of  Castile  and  Aragon 
gave  Spain  so  much  glory  in  that  adventurous 
and  chivalrous  age,  had  kindled  every  maritime 
Spaniard  into  a  very  knight  of  the  seas,  and 
inspired  the  whole  nation  with  a  burning  zeal 
for  discovery  and  conquest  of  distant  lands. 
For  Spain  the  times  were  propitious.  Her 
rulers  were  among  the  greatB»t  and  most  re- 
nowned of  all  ages  of  the  world.  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella  were  succeeded  by  Charles  the  Fifth, 
one  of  the  most  enlightened  and  powerful  inon- 
archs  that  ever  sat  on  any  throne.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son  Philip,  who,  though  haughty 
and  imperious,  so  carried  forward  the  ideas  and 
purposes  of  his  great  father  that  his  kingdom 
reached  the  very  zenith  of  power  and  influence 
in  the  councils  of  the  European  monarchs.  The 
woe  pronounced  upon  a  "land  whose  king  is  a 
child"  could  not  fall  upon  Spain  during  this 
period.  Weak  and  lusterless  as  may  now  be 
the  condition  of  the  Spanish  nation,  and  little  as 


her  power  is  felt  or  feared  in  the  world  to-day, 
then  even  the  Saxon  asked  privileges  of  the 
Castilian,  and  measured  his  own  power  by  the 
standard  of  the  other's  greatness.  Under  the 
impulse  thus  pervading  the  Spanish  nation,  her 
banner  was  pushed  into  every  sea,  and  her 
cavaliers  led  all  armies  of  distant  conquest,  es- 
pecially in  the  new  world.  Other  portions  of 
our  history  illustrate  what  liere  we  need  only 
announce. 

While  Spain  led  maritime  discoveries,  the 
facile  and  plastic  Frenchman  led  the  land  ex- 
plorations into  the  interior  of  the  western  con- 
tinent. France  had  a  strong  holding  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  America  north  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence,— a  point  of  great  advantage  in  inter-con- 
tinental explorations.  In  addition  to  this  she 
had  planted  her  colonies  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  stretched  a  cordon  of  posts 
southeastward  from  Quebec  to  the  Ohio,  thus 
hemming  the  English  into  a  comparatively 
narrow  belt  of  country  on  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board, and  leaving  free  to  her  adventurous 
roamers  the  vast  and  as  yet  unknown  regions 
that  stretched  westward  and  northward,  no  one 
could  tell  how  far  or  how  wide.  The  French 
pushed  their  advantages  by  land,  as  did  Spain 
hers  by  sea,  and  as  early  as  1743  their  explora- 
tions had  reached  the  heart  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  From  Canada  and  from  Louisi- 
ana,   up  the    lakes    and     up    the    Mississippi 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and     Missouri     rivers,    the     FreTichman's     pi- 
rogue   kept    movement    with     the    voyageurs' 


songs 


as     these    care-t'ree     men    from    France 


pushed  their  trade  and  travel  into  the  middle  of 
the  continent.  The  French  and  Englisli  war  of 
1756,  however,  by  giving  England  tlio  oppor- 
tunity to  wrest  (Jauada  from  the  weakened  grasp 
of  France,  put  a  sudden  stop  to  her  movements 
in  the  line  of  explorations  from  that  province, 
and  opened  the  same  opportunity  to  England 
that  France  had  previously  enjoyed.  But,  though 
the  opportunity  was  hefore  her,  Great  Britain 
was  so  fully  occupied  with  lier  European  diffi- 
culties, and  the  care  of  her  American  colonies, 
already  growing  restive  under  the  grievances  of 
her  misrule,  demanded  so  much  of  the  attention 
of  her  parliament  and  rulers,  that  she  could  at- 
tempt nothing  further  than  to  hold  her  "  coign  of 
vantage"  securely  for  at  least  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. 

During  the  progress  of  this  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury new  conditions  and  combinations  had 
arisen.  England  lost  all  her  colonies  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  France 
had  sold  Louisiana  to  Spain.  Thus  England's 
opportunities  were  contracted,  those  of  France 
were  destroyed,  and  the  new  republic  of  America 
was  as  yet  unable  to  enter  the  Held  of  explora- 
tion and  colonization.  At  this  period  the  con- 
tinental position  was  this:  Spain,  after  her 
purchase  of  Louisiana  from  France,  had  pro- 
prietary claim  to  all  the  country  west  of  the 
Mississippi  river  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  with  no 
very  clearly  defined  northern  limit  to  her  claims. 
England  held  the  country  northward  of  the  great 
lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  extending  in- 
definitely westward,  above  the  forty-ninth  paral- 
lel of  latitude.  The  United  States  held  actually 
only  the  country  east  of  the  summits  of  the  Al- 
leghany mountains,  including  the  six  New  Eng- 
land States  and  New  York,  and  had  ownership 
of  all  the  country  westward  of  the  AUeghanies 
which  England  had  conquered  from  France  in 
the  war  of  1756.  These  were  the  powers  that, 
after  the  American  Revolution,  stood  looking 
to  the  yet  unknown   West  as  the  place  for  the 


future  aggrandizement  of  their  respective  for- 
tunes, and  this  was  the  condition  in  which 
they  looked  to  the  future  and  prepared  for  its 
issues. 

The  advantages  of  the  condition  were  with 
Great  Britain.  She  had  grown  to  be  the  lead- 
ing power  of  Europe.  Already  the  swing  of 
conquest  was  in  the  movement  of  her  legisla- 
tion and  her  peoples.  While  the  wars  of  the  past 
twenty  years  had  taxed,  they  had  not  paupered 
her.  She  was  strong,  consolidated,  ambitious, 
courageous;  and  she  was  Saxon, — the  blood  of 
endurance  and  conquest. 

Spain  held  her  position  in  the  south  and  west 
by  a  precarious  tenure,  and  she  so  felt  the 
feebleness  of  that  tenure  that  she  neither  tnade 
nor  cared  to  make  any  vigorous  movements  to 
extend  her  possessions  or  to  strengthen  her 
holding  in  America  The  United  States,  geo- 
graphically, held  the  center  of  opportunity,  but 
the  almost  chaos  of  the  era  that  followed  the 
close  of  the  Revolutionary  war  was  over  the  face 
of  her  political  history,  and  she  needed  time  in 
which  to  gird  herself  for  the  strain  of  the  future. 
But  she  had  the  strength  to  wait,  for  she,  too, 
was  Saxon.  And  sn,  with  the  parties  in  direct 
interest  in  the  movements  that  were  so  surely 
to  follow  preparing  for  the  race  of  empire  west- 
ward, we  come  to  the  real  opening  of  the  era 
of  discoveries  by  land  westward  of  the  great 
mountains. 

These  were  begun  solely  by  private  enter- 
prise for  individjial  gain.  They  early  reached 
the  Athabasca  and  Saskatchawan.  But  the 
field  was  too  great  for  individual  resources,  and 
besides  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  entered  the 
field  with  a  combination  which  could  only  be 
met  by  combination.  So  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany of  Montreal  was  formed  in  1781  for  the 
express  purpose  of  meeting  and  overcoming  the 
comjjetition  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
which  had  proved  so  ruinous  to  the  individual 
traders  who  had  ventured  into  the  country  be- 
fore. In  a  very  few  years  this  became  a  most 
prosperous  and  powerful  organization,  and  its 
traders  and  explorers  filled  all  the  country  east 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  tlie   Koeky  inouiitHins  as    tar"  north    as    the 
Arctic  and  as  far  south  as  tlie  Missoiyi. 

The  great  headquarters  of  this  company  was 
at  "Fort  Cliippewyan"  on  Lake  Athabasca,  and 
were  under  the  cliarge  of  Alexander  Mackenzie, 
a  very  resolute  and  able  man,  whose  enterprise 
.in  explorations  stamped  his  name  on  the  geogra- 
phy of  all  the  west  and  north.  In  1791  lie  or 
ganized  a  small  party  for  a  western  explora- 
tion, intending  to  prosecute  his  journey  until  he 
reached  the  Pacific  ocean.  He  had,  two  years 
before,  discovered  the  river  that  bears  his  own 
name,  and  followed  it  from  its  source  in  Great 
Slave  lake  to  where  it  discharges  its  waters  into 
the  Arctic  ocean.  Having  thus  ascertained  the 
character  and  extent  of  the  country  to  the  north- 
west, he  was  determined  to  develop  the  charac- 
ter of  that  to  the  west  by  the  expedition  on 
which  he  was  now  entering.  He  left  Fort 
Cliippewyan  on  the  10th  of  October,  17U1,  and 
with  much  ditiiculty  ascended  the  Peace  river 
from  Lake  Athabasca  to  the  foot  of  the  Rocky 
nK)Uiitaiiis,  where  the  party  encamped  for  the 
winter.  In  June  of  the  following  year  he  re- 
sumed his  journey,  still  following  up  the  same 
stream,  which  he  traced  to  its  source  near  the 
fitty-fourth  parallel  of  latitude  and  distant  about 
1,000  miles  from  its  mouth.  Only  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  springs  of  the  Peace  river  he 
came  upon  those  of  another  stream  flowing 
westward,  called  by  the  natives  Tacoutchee  Tes- 
see,  down  which  he  floated  in  canoes  about  250 
miles.  Leaving  the  river,  he  'then  proceeded 
westward  ovei-land,  and  on  the  22d  of  July, 
1792,  reached  the  Pacific  ocean,  at  the  mouth 
of  an  inlet  in  latitude  52°  10'.  This  inlet  had, 
only  a  few  weeks  previously,  been  surveyed  by 
the  fleet  of  Vancouver;  and  thus  Mackenzie 
had  connected  the  land  and  water  explorations 
of  Great  Britain  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Mackenzie  reached  the  coast  far  north  of  the 
month  of  the  river  on  w'hich  he  had  sailed  in 
his  canoes  so  far  to  the  southwest.  On  his  re- 
turn to  Fort  Ohippewyan,  late  in  August,  1792, 
he  learned  of  the  discovery  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Colnmbia   by  Captain   Gray,  when  he  at  once 


concluded  that  the  stream  he  had  followed  so 
far  was  the  upper  part  of  that  river,  and  it  was 
so  considered  by  geographers  until  1812,  or 
twenty  years  after  Mackenzie's  journey,  when 
Simon  Fraser,  of  the  same  company  as  Macken- 
zie, traced  it  to  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Geor- 
gia, a  little  north  of  the  forty-ninth  degree  of 
latitude.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  known  as 
Fraser's  river.  To  Alexander  Mackenzie  doulit- 
less  belongs  the  honor  of  making  the  first  jour- 
ney down  the  western  slope  of  the  great  Rocky 
mountain  chain  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  though  it 
was  made  wholly  north  of  the  parallel  that  was 
subsequently  fixed  as  the  boundary  line  between 
the  British  possessions  on  the  American  conti- 
nent and  the  United  States. 

It  is  a  somewhat  striking  coincidence  that 
the  first  important  American  movement  for  an 
exploration  by  land  of  the  country  lying  on  the 
north  Pacific  coast  was  made  the  same  }ear  that 
Mackenzie  accomplished  his  journey  to  the  Pa- 
cific and  that  Captain  Gray  sailed  into  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river.  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, at  that  time  the  representative  of  the 
United  States  Government  at  the  court  of  Ver- 
sailles, became  deeply  interested  as  an  Ameri- 
can in  this  great  western  region.  He  proposed 
to  the  American  Philosophical  Society  that  a 
subscription  be  raised  for  the  purpose  of  defray- 
ing the  expenses  of  an  exploration,  and  a  per- 
son be  employed  competent  to  conduct  it.  He 
wished  it  to  "ascend  the  Missouri  river,  cross 
the  Stony  mountains,  and  descend  the  nearest 
river  to  the  Pacific."  His  suggestion  was  acted 
upon  by  the  society,  and  Captain  Meriwether 
Lewis,  on  the  recommendation  of  Jefferson, 
was  selected  to  lead  the  expedition;  and  Andre 
Micheaux,  a  distinguished  French  botanist,  was 
chosen  to  accompany  him.  They  proceeded  as 
far  as  Kentucky,  when  Mr.  Micheaux  was  re- 
called by  the  French  minister  at  Washington 
and  the  expedition  was  given  np. 

The  next  movement  for  the  accomplishment 
of  the  same  purpose  was  while  the  treaty  was 
pending  between  Mr.  Jefferson,  then  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  Napoleon,  then  ruler 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  France,  for  the  transfer  of  the  claims  of 
France  to  tlie  whole  Northwest  to  tlie  United 
States.  On  the  18th  of  January,  1803,  the 
president  transmitted  a  special  message  to  Con- 
gress in  which  he  incorjjorated  a  recommenda- 
tion that  an  ofHcial  expedition  be  dispatched  on 
the  same  errand  contemplated  in  tiie  one  that 
had  been  abandoned.  An  ample  appropriation 
was  made,  and  again  Captain  Lewis,  then  private 
secretary  to  the  president,  was  chosen  to  con- 
duct it.  He  selected  William  Clarke  as  his 
associate. 

The  instructions  issued  to  these  gentlemen 
by  Mr.  Jefferson,  while  specitic  as  to  purpose, 
were  broad  as  to  geographical  extent.  In  them 
he  says: 

"The  object  of  your  mission  is  to  explore  the 
Missouri  river  and  such  principal  stream  of  it 
as,  by  its  course  and  communication  with  the 
waters  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  whether  the  Colum- 
bia, Oregon,  Colorado,  or  any  other  river,  may 
offer  the  most  direct  and  practicable  water  com- 
munication across  the  continent  for  the  pur- 
poses of  commerce." 

They  were  directed  to  thorouglily  inform 
themselves  of  the  extent  and  number  of  the  In- 
dian tribes,  their  customs,  and  degrees  of  civil- 
ization, and  to  report  fully  upon  the  topography 
of  the  regions  through  which  they  passed,  to- 
gether with  the  character  of  the  soil,  natural 
products,  animal  life,  mineral  resources,  climate, 
and  to  inquire  particularly  into  the  fur  trade 
and  the  needs  of  commerce.  "When  these  in- 
structions were  given,  Louisiana  had  not  been 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  and  hence  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son continued: 

"Your  mission  has  been  communicated  to  the 
ministers  here  from  France,  Spain  and  Great 
Britain,  and  through  them  to  their  governments, 
and  such  assurances  given  them  as  to  its  objects 
as  we  trust  will  satisfy  them.  The  country  of 
Louisiana  having  been  ceded  by  Spain  to 
France,  the  passport  you  have  from  the  minister 
of  France,  the  representative  of  the  present 
sovereign  of  that  country,  will  be  a  pi-otection 
with  all  its  subjects;  and  that  from  the  minister 


of  England  will  entitle  you  to  the  friendly  aid 
of  any  tra^Jers  of  that  allegiance  with  whom  you 
may  happen  to  meet." 

A  few  days  befoi-e  the  expedition  was  ready 
to  start  the  joyful  intelligence  was  received  that 
France  had  formally  ceded  Louisiana  to  the 
Lhiited  States;  hence  the  passport  of  the  repre-. 
sentative  of  the  French  government  at  Wash- 
ington was  not  needed. 

Captain  Lewis  left  Washington  on  the  5th 
day  of  July,  1803,  and  on  arriving  at  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  was  joined  by  Clarke,  They 
selected  their  party,  went  as  far  as  St.  Louis, 
near  which  they  went  into  camp,  and  remained 
until  the  tiual  start  was  made,  on  the  14th  day 
of  May,  1804.  The  party  now  consisted  of 
Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke,  nine  young  men 
from  Kentucky,  fourteen  soldiers,  two  French 
Canadian  voyageurs,  an  interpreter  and  hunter, 
and  a  negro  servant  of  Captain  Clarke.  The 
party  ascended  the  Missouri  river  as  far  as  the 
country  of  the  Mandan  Indians,  with  which  tribe 
they  remained  all  winter. 

Their  westward  journey  was  resumed  in  the 
spring  of  1805.  They  followed  up  the  Mis- 
souri, of  whose  course  and  tributaries  and 
characteristics  they  had  obtained  very  accurate 
information  from  the  Mandans.  Passing  the 
mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  or  Roche  Jaune  of 
the  French  Canadian  trappers  and  voyageurs 
who  had  already  visited  it,  they  continued  up 
the  Misso'uri,  passing  its  great  falls  and  cas- 
cades, and  ascending  through  its  mighty  canon 
crossed  the  Rocky  mountain  divide  and  de- 
scended its  western  side  to  the  stream  now 
known  at  different  points  on  its  course  as 
"  Deer  Lodge,"  '•  Hellgate,"  "  Bitter  Root," 
"  Clarke's  Fork,"  and  "  Pend  d'Oreille.'"  Upon 
this  stream  they  bestowed  the  name  of  "Clarke's 
river."  From  this  river  the  advance  party, 
under  Clarke,  crossed  the  Bitter  Root  mountains 
by  what  is  now  known  as  the  Lolo  trail.  On 
these  rugged  heights  they  suffered  intensely 
from  cold  and  hunger.  On  the  20th  day  of  Sep- 
tember they  came  to  a  village  of  Nez  Perces  In- 
dians, situated   on    a   plain    al)out   fifteen  miles 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


from  the  south  fork  of  CMearwater  river,  wliere 
they  were  received  with  great  hospitality. 

When  they  reached  the  Nez  Perces  village 
the  party  was  nearly  famished,  and  they  partook 
of  such  quantities  of  the  food  so  liberally  pro- 
vided by  their  Indian  hosts  that  many  of  them 
became  too  ill  to  proceed  until  the  second  day, 
and  among  that  number  was  Clarke  himself. 
As  soon  as  they  were  able  to  proceed,  they  ■went 
to  the  village  of  the  chief,  Twisted  Hair,  situated 
on  an  island  in  the  streatn.  To  this  river 
Clarke  gave  the  name  "Koos-koos-kee,"  doubt- 
less slightly  misunderstanding  the  words  used 
by  the  Nez  Perces  in  distinguishing  it  from  the 
Snake  river,  into  which  it  enters, — "  Koots- 
koots-hee," — which  those  acquainted  with  the 
N"ez  Perces  tongue  say  is  a  descriptive  term, 
and  means  "  This  is  the  smaller." 

Here  the  two  parties  were  united,  and  after 
resting  a  few  days,  journeyed  on  down  the 
Clearwater.  The  company  was  now  utterly  ex- 
hausted. Many  found  it  difficult  to  sit  upon 
their  horses.  Captain  Lewis  was  very  ill.  The 
weather  was  hot  and  oppressive.  They  felt  that 
they  could  proceed  no  farther  in  their  former 
manner  of  traveling,  and  the  commanders  re- 
solved to  prepare  canoes  and  prosecute  the  re- 
mainder of  their  journey  in  them.  With 
Twisted  Hair  as  gnide,  Clarke  proceeded  about 
five  miles,  where  suitable  timber  was  found, 
and  encamped  on  the  low  ground  opposite  the 
forks  of  the  river. 

When  their  canoes  were  constructed,  leaving 
their  horses  and  equipage  witii  Twisted  Hair, 
they  embarked  on  the  Clearwater  on  their  jour- 
ney toward  the  Pacific. 

They  were  not  long  in  reaching  Snake  river, 
which,  in  honor  of  Captain  Lewis  they  called 
"  Lewis  river.*'  Down  that  stream  to  the  Co- 
lumbia was  a  quick  and  rapid  passage.  Down 
the  Columbia  it  was  not  less  rapid,  and  they 
reached  the  cascades  of  that  stream  on  the  21st 
day  of  October.  Making  the  portage  of  the 
cascades  they  embarked  again,  passed  the  mouth 
of  the  Williamette  without  ol)serving  if,  and  on 
the  15tli  day  of  November  reached  Cape  Disap- 


pointment and  looked  out  on  the  great  ocean, 
which  had  been  the  goal  of  their  journeying 
for  more  than  a  year. 

They  remained  near  the  ocean,  wintering  in  a 
log  dwelling  which  they  erected  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Columbia  and  they  called  "Fort 
Clatsop,"  in  honor  of  the  Indians  who  inhab- 
ited that  region.  Hoping  that  some  trading 
vessel  from  which  they  could  replenish  their 
stores  would  visit  the  river  they  delayed  their 
departure  homeward  until  the  23d  of  March, 
1806.  Before  leaving  they  gave  the  chiefs  of 
the  Clatsops,  and  also  of  the  Chinooks,  who  re- 
sided on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  certificates 
of  hospitable  treatment,  and  posted  a  writingon 
the  wall  of  their  cabin  in  these  words: 

"  The  object  of  this  last  is,  that  through  the 
medium  of  some  civilized  person,  who  may  see 
the  same,  it  may  be  made  known  to  the  world 
that  the  party,  consisting  of  the  persons  whose 
names  are  hereunto  annexed,  and  who  were  sent 
out  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of 
America  to  explore  the  interior  of  the  continent 
of  North  America,  did  penetrate  the  same  by 
the  way  of  the  Missouri  and  Columbia  rivers  to 
the  discharge  of  tlie  latter  into  the  Pacific  ocean, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  14th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1805,  and  departed  the  23d  day  of  March, 
1806,  on  their  return  to  the  United  States  by 
the  same  route  by  which   they  had  come  out." 

To  this  paper  were  appended  the  names  of 
the  members  of  the  expedition.  Several  copies 
of  the  paper  were  left  among  the  Indians  and 
the  following  year  one  of  tiiem  was  handed  by  an 
Indian  to  Captain  Hall,  an  American  trader, 
whose  vessel,  the  Lydia,  had  entered  the  Colum- 
bia river.  By  him  it  was  taken  to  China  and 
thence  to  the  United  States.  Therefore  had 
the  party  perished  on  their  return,  evidence  of 
the  completion  of  their  purpose  would  have 
been  left  behind  them. 

Their  journey  out  had  been  so  long  and  its 
expense  so  great  that,  on  taking  an  invoice  of 
their  possessions  on  starting  on  the  return  jour- 
ney,they  found  that  they  had  available  for  traffic 
with  the  Indians  only  six  blue  robes,  one  scarlet 


43 


n  I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


robe,  one  United  States  artillery  hat  and  coat, 
five  robes  made  from  the  national  ensign,  and 
a  few  old  clothes  trimmed  with  ribbons.  Upon 
this  scant  store  mnst  they  depend  for  pnrchas- 
ing  provisions  and  horses,  and  paying  tribute 
to  stubborn  chieftains  through  whose  domin- 
ions they  might  pass  on  their  long  homeward 
journey. 

On  their  return  they  proceeded  up  the  south 
side  of  the  Columbia,  coming  unexpectedly 
upon  a  large  river  flowing  into  it  from  the 
south.  On  an  island  at  its  month  was  a 
large  Indian  village  called  "  Multnomah," 
which  name  they  understood  to  apply  to  the 
river  they  h^d  discovered,  of  the  course  of 
which  they  made  careful  inquiry.  The  result 
of  these  inquiries  was  noted  in  the  map  of  the 
expedition,  making  the  river  tu  flow  from  Cali- 
fornia to  the  north  and  west,  and  the  Indian 
tribes  that  actually  resided  on  tlie  waters  of 
Snake  river  to  reside  upon  its  banks.  Their 
journey  up  stream  was  far  more  tedious  witli 
their  canoes  than  had  been  their  passage  down 
owing  to  the  numerous  rapids  aud  cascades;  and 
at  the  mouth  what  they  called  Lapage  river — 
now  "John  Day" — they  abandoned  their  canoes 
and  packing  their  baggage  on  the  backs  of  a  few 
horses  that  they  had  purchased  from  the  In- 
dians proceeded  up  the  southern  bank  of  the 
Columbia  on  foot.  Crossing  the  Umatilla  river, 
called  by  them  the  You-ma-lo-law,  they  arrived 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Walla  Walla  on  the  27th 
day  t)f  April. 

The  greatest  Indian  chief  of  tlie  Pacific  coast, 
at  that  time,  if  not  indeed  of  all  tradition,  was 
then  at  the  head  of  the  Walla  nation.  His 
name  was  Yellept.  The  story  of  his  life  and 
death,  as  handed  down  by  the  traditions  of  his 
people,  is  of  the  most  thrilling  and  romantic 
character,  but  belongs  rather  to  such  writings 
as  Cooper's  than  to  the  sober  chronicles  of  history. 
This  powerful  chieftain  received  the  company 
with  most  generous  hospitality,  which  charmed 
the  travelers  into  some  lingering  before  they 
ventured  farther  into  the  wild  gorges  of  the 
mountains.     The  jiuirnal  of  the  expedition   re- 


cords the  kindness  of  the>e  Indians  with  many 
appreciative  words  and  closes  its  notice  of  them 
by  saying:  "  We  may  indeed  justly  aflirm  that 
of  all  the  Indians  that  we  have  seen  since  leav- 
ing the  United  States  the  Walla  Wallas  were 
the  most  hospitable,  honest  and  sincere." 

Leaving  these  hospitable  people  on  the  29th 
of  April  the  party  passed  eastward  on  the  great 
"  Tsez  Perces  trail."  This  trail  was  the  great 
highway  of  the  Walla  Wallas,  Cayuses  and  Nez 
Perces  eastward  to  the  buffalo  ranges,  to  which 
they  an]iually  resorted  for  game  supplies.  It 
passed  up  the  valley  of  the  Touchet,  called  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke  the  "White  Stallion,"  thence 
over  the  high  prairie  ridges,  and  down  the 
Alpowa  to  the  crossing  of  Snake  river,  then  up 
the  north  bank  of  Clearwater  to  the  village  of 
Twisted  Hair,  where  tiie  exploring  party  had  left 
their  horses  on  tlieir  way  down  the  previous 
autumn.  It  was  worn  deep  and  broad,  and  in 
many  stretches  on  the  open  plains  and  over  the 
smooth  hills  twenty  horsemen  could  ride  abreast 
in  the  parallel  paths  worn  by  the  constant  rush 
of  the  Indian  generations  from  time  immemo- 
rial. The  writer  has  often  passed  over  it  when 
it  lay  exactly  as  it  did  when  the  triljcs  of 
Yellept  and  Twisted  Hair  traced  its  sinuous 
courses,  or  when  Lewis  and  Clarke  and  their 
companions  first  marked  it  with  the  heel  of 
civilization.  But  the  plow  has  long  since  oblit- 
erated it,  and  where  the  monotonous  song  of 
the  Indian's  march  was  droningly  chanted  for 
so  many  barbaric  ages,  the  song  of  the  reaper 
thrills  the  clear  air  as  he  comes  to  his  garner 
bringing  in  the  sheaves.  A  more  delightful 
ride  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  than  this  that 
the  company  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  made  over 
the  swelling  prairie  upland  and  along  the  crys- 
tal streams  between  AYalla  Walla  and  the  village 
of  Twisted  Hair,  in  the  soft  May  days  of  1806, 
can  scarcely  be  found  anywhere  on  earth. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  narrative  it  is  not 
necessary  to  trace  the  explorations  of  these  trav- 
elers farther,  interesting  as  they  would  be,  for 
they  scarcely  belong  directly  to  this  history. 
With  the  usual  adventures  of  explorers  in   the 


HISTORY    OF    M'AsUINOTOy. 


unfrequented  regions  which  tliey  traversed  tliey 
followed  homeward  the  path  of  their  ontward 
advance,  and  reached  St.  Louis  on  the  25tli  of 
September,  1806,  having  been  absent  nearly  two 
years  and  a  half. 

Their  safe  return  to  the  United  States  sent  a 
thrill  of  rejoicing  through  the  country.  Mr. 
Jefferson,  the  great  patron  and  inspirer  of  the 
expedition,  says  of  it: 

"  Never  did  a  similar  event  excite  more  joy 
throughout  the  United  States.  The  humblest 
of  our  citizens  had  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the 
issue  of  this  journey,  and  looked  forward  with 
impatience  to  the  information  it  would  furnish. 
Their  anxieties,  too,  for  the  safety  of  the  corps 
had  been  kept  in  a  state  of  excitement  by  lugu- 
brious rumors,  circulated  from  time  to  time  on 
uncertain  authorities,  and  uncontradicted  by 
letters,  or  other  direct  information,  from  the 
time  they  had  left  the  Mandan  towns  on  their 
ascent  up  the  river  in  April  of  the  preceding 
year,  1805,  until  their  actual  return  to  St.  Louis. 

Captain  Lewis,  soon  after  his  return,  was 
appointed  governor  of  Louisiana,  and  Captain 
Clarke  was  made  general  of  militia  of  the  same 
Territory  and  Indian  agent  for  the  vast  region 
he  had  so  successfully  explored.  Eoth  had  per- 
formed inestimable  services  for  their  country  and 
were  well  worthy  of  generous  reward.  For 
themselves  they  had  achieved  a  lasting  fame. 
Their  names  will  be  remembered  as  long  as  the 
crystal  waters  of  "  Clarke's  fork  "  or  deep  flow 
of  "  Lewis  river  "  roll  to  the  Pacific  sea. 

There  is  another  incident  of  exploration 
which,  perhaps,  should  have  a  place  in  our  narra- 
tive, and  which  may  appear  here,  jiarenthet- 
ically,  as  suitably  as  elsewhere. 

The  name  of  Captain  Jonathan  Carver,  of 
Connecticut,  who,  ten  years  before  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,  visited  the  regions  of  the  upper 
Mississippi,  has  become  connected  with  the  his- 
tory of  the  Northwest,  not  so  much  from  what 
he  really  did  in  the  way  of  exploration  and  dis- 
covery as  for  what  he  desired  or  intended  to  do. 
Captain  Carver  has  won  some  credit  in  the  war 
against    the    French    in  which    England     has 


wrested  from  France  her  American  possessions, 
and  was  inspired  with  zeal  to  establish  English 
ascendency  over  the  entire  northern  part  of  the 
American  continent.  From  all  that  appears 
Carver's  actual  travels  were  limited  to  a  visit  to 
the  regions  of  the  upper  Mississippi,  which  he 
reached  by  the  way  of  Detroit  and  Michilimack- 
inac.  His  object,  as  stated  in  the  introduction 
to  his  book,  which  was  published  in  London,  in 
1778,  was:  "After  gaining  a  knowledge  of  the 
manners,  customs,  languages,  soil,  and  natural 
productions  of  the  different  nations  that  inhabit 
the  region  back  of  the  Mississippi,  to  ascertain 
the  breadth  of  the  vast  continent  which  extends 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacitic  oceans,  in  its 
broadest  part,  between  the  forty-third  and  forty- 
sixth  degrees  of  northern  latitude.  Had  I  been 
able  to  accomplish  this,  I  intended  to  have  pro- 
posed to  the  Government  to  establish  s  post  in 
some  of  these  parts,  about  the  strait  of  Anian, 
which,  having  been  discovered  by  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  of  course  belongs  to  the  English.  This, 
1  am  convinced,  would  greatly  facilitate  the 
discovery  of  a  northwest  passage,  or  a  commu- 
nication between  Hudson's  Bay  and  the  Pacific 
ocean."  Being  unable  to  prosecute  his  pur- 
pose and  to  proceed  "  to  the  headwaters  of  the 
Great  River  of  the  "West,  which  falls  into  the 
strait  of  Anian,"  he  gathered  what  little  infor- 
mation he  could  from  the  tribes  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact;  made  somewhat  large  extracts 
from  French  journals  and  histories,  and  gave 
all  to  the  world  under  the  title  of  Travels 
Throughout  the  Interior  Parts  of  North  Amer- 
ica in  1766-'68."  A  notice  of  his  work  be- 
longs to  these  pages  only  because  of  a  brief 
reference  to  the  "Great  River  of  the  West," 
and  the  fact  that  he,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained, 
first  uses  the  word  "Oregon"  as  the  name  of  the 
somewhat  mythical  "Great  River." 

It  is  due  to  history,  perhaps,  that  we  tran- 
scribe the  brief  passage  in  which  he  speaks  of 
the  great  stream  which  he  thus  designates.  It 
is  as  follows: 

"From  these  nations  [called  by  him  Nando- 
the  Assinopolis,  and  the  Killislionorsj, 


UI8T0RT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


togetlier  with  my  own  observations,  I  have 
learned  that  the  four  most  capital  rivers  of 
North  America, — the  St.  Lawrence,  the  Missis- 
sippi, the  river  Bourbon,  and  tiie  Oregon,  or 
Eiver  of  the  West,  have  their  sources  in  the 
same  neighborliood.  The  waters  of  the  three 
former  are  within  thirty  miles  of  each  other; 
the  latter,  known  as  rather  farther  w«st.  This 
shows  that  these  parts  are  the  highest  in  North 
America;  and  it  is  an  instance  not  to  be  paral- 
leled in  the  other  three-quarters  of  the  world, 
that  four  rivers  of  such  magnitude  should  take 
their  rise  together,  and  each,  after  running  sep- 
arate courses,  discharge  their  waters  into  differ- 
ent oceans,  at  a  distance  of  2,000  miles  from 
their  sources;  for  in  their  passage  from  this 
spot  to  the  bay  of  St.  Lawrence,  east,  to  the 
bay  of  Mexico,  south,  to  Hudson's  bay,  north, 
and  to  the  bay  at  the  straits  of  Anian,  west, 
— each  of  these  traverse  upward  2,000  miles.'' 

It  would  hardly  seem  to  the  historian  of  the 
present,  that  there  was  enough  in  this  para- 
graph, which  embraces  all  Carver  says  respect- 
ing the  Oregon,  or  the  "Great  Eiver  of  the 
West,"  to  associate  his  name  in  any  way  with 
Oregon  history,  and  there  really  is  not,  except 
for  his  first  using  the  name  "Oregon."  Though 
iiis  use  of  that  name  was  not  such  as  clearly  to 
identify  it  with  the  river  whose  mouth  was  dis- 
covered by  Captain  Gray  in  1792,  and  which 
he  appropriately  called  the  Columbia,  it  really 
did  furnish  the  name  for  this  vast  region  west- 
ward of  the  Rocky  mountains,  lying  between  the 
42d  degree  of  latitude  and  54°  40',  and  includ- 
ing tiie  present  three  great  northwestern  States 
of  the  American  Union.  Carver  gives  no  ac- 
count of  the  origin  of  the  name  Oregon,  and  no 
authority  for  its  use,  and  up  to  this  time  no 
research  has  been  able  to  discover  them.  There 
is  little  doubt  but  that  it  was  invented  by  Car- 
ver, and  that  it  has  no  historic  or  scientific  sig- 
nificance whatever,  except  that  it  is  associated 
with  the  mythical  Great  River  of  the  West,  and 
from  that  passed  to  represent  the  vast  country 
through    which   it    was   believed   to    fiow.     At 


length  Bryant  made  it  classic  in  his  Thanatop- 
sis  when  he  sang  of 

"The  continuous  wood  where  rolls  the  Oregon, 
And  hears  no  sound  save  its  own  dashing." 

So  we  trust  to  be  jjardoned  for  not  pursuing  a 
wearying  investigation  into  the  derivation  or 
meaning  of  the  name  Oregon,  since  all  the 
studies  of  antiquarians  have  failed  to  do  more 
than  reach  the  conclusion  we  have  announced 
in  a  single  sentence. 

These  two  early  expeditions,  that  by  Macken- 
zie in  1772,  under  the  auspices  of  a  company 
wholly  British,  and  that  of  Lewis  &  Clarke  in 
1805-'06,  under  the  direction  of  the  Government 
of  tlie  United  States,  are,  perhaps,  the  only  ex- 
peditions across  the  American  continent  entitled 
to  be  classed  as  exploring.  Those  that  followed 
these  entered  more  into  the  fabric  of  the  history 
of  the  regions  by  them  brought  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  civilized  world;  and  they  will,  as 
far  as  necessary,  be  treated  of  as  such  in  their 
proper  places.  If  any  exception  to  this  is  al- 
lowed it  should  refer  to  the  expeditions  of  Cap- 
tain Fremont,  to  which,  as  they  were  under  the 
auspices  and  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States 
Government,  it  seems  proper  that  a  brief  refer- 
ence shall  be  made.  They  had  for  their  oliject 
geographical  and  topographical  information  in 
relation  to  Oregon. 

John  C.  Fremont  was  a  member  of  the  Corps 
of  Topographical  Engineers  of  the  United  States, 
appointed  from  civil  life,  and  hence  not  enter- 
ing that  service  through  the  door  of  West  Point. 
He  was  restlessly  ambitious,  in  love  with  adven- 
ture and  anxious  to  distinguish  himself.  For 
his  fame  he  fell  on  auspicious  times.  Public 
attention  was  strongly  directed  toward  Oregon. 
He  solicited  an  appointment  to  the  command 
of  an  expedition,  which  he  had  devised  himself 
to  explore  and  map  out  the  country  west  of  Mis- 
souri as  far  as  the  South  Pass  in  the  Rocky 
mountains.  In  accordance  with  his  request 
Colonel  J.  J.  Abert,  chief  of  the  Corps  of  the 
Topographical  Engineers,  ordered  the  expedition 
and  gave  its  command  to  Captain  Fremont.    As 


iii.sroRy   OF   wAsuiNoroN. 


this  expecJitioii  of  1842  had  little  more  to  do 
witli  Oregon  than  to  prepare  the  way  for  the  one 
of  tlie  loliowiug  year  whicli  was  continued  in 
force  to  tlie  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  and  by  Cap- 
tain Fremont  himself  to  Fort  Vancouver,  we 
can  dismiss  it  with  this  brief  reference. 

The  second  expedition,  that  of  1843,  like  that 
of  the  preceding  year,  was  organized  at  Captain 
Fremont's  own  solicitation.  He  dictated  its 
object,  marked  out  its  route  and  selected  its 
personnel.  Its  object  was  to  connect  his  own 
survey  of  tiie  previous  year,  which  reached  as  far 
west  as  the  South  Pass,  with  that  of  Commander 
Wilkes  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  He 
selected  a  company  of  thirty-three  men,  princi- 
pally of  Creole  and  Canadian  French,  with  a 
few  Americans,  and,  leaving  Kansas  landing  on 
the  Missouri  river  on  the  29th  of  May,  reached 
the  termination  of  his  former  reconnoissance  in 
the  South  Pass,  by  the  way  of  the  Kansas,  Ar- 
kansas and  upper  Platte  rivers,  passing  over  the 
spot  where  Denver  now  is,  on  the  13th  of  Au- 
gust. Here  he  entered  Oregon,  making  this 
frank  record:  that  "the  broad,  smooth  highway 
where  the  numerous  heavy  wagons  of  the  emi- 
grants had  entirely  beaten  and  crushed  the 
artemisia,  was  a  liappy  exchange  to  our  poor 
animals  for  the  sharp  rocks  and  tough  shrubs 
among  which  they  had  been  toiling  so  long." 
This,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  the  great  emi- 
gration of  1843,  and  Cajitain  F'remont  makes 
no  claim  in  his  reports  to  have  had  anything  to 
do  with  pioneering  its  way  or  contributing  to  its 
safe  conduct,  as  his  was  a  purely  scientific  and 
topographical  expedition,  and,  in  pursuance  of 
these  purposes  often  led  him  far  aside  from 
the  road  of  the  emigrants.  We  speak  of  this  in 
simple  justice,  as  some  writers  have  ridiculed 
him  as  claiming  to  be  the  "  pathfinder"  to  OrCr 
gon, — a  claim  which  he  nowhere  makes,  but  which 
was  only  a  political  catch-word  of  his  friends 
when  he  was  the  first  candidate  of  the  liepublir 
can  )>arty  for  president  of  the  United  States  It 
was  like  "Fifty-four  forty  or  fight"  of  the  can- 
didacy of  Mr.  Polk  in  1844,  although  it  did  not 
serve  so  successfully  its  purpose  as  that. 


From  the  South  Pass  Captain  Fremont  con- 
tinued his  course  along  the  well-beaten  emigrant 
road  to  Green  river  and  then  to  Bear  river, 
making  careful  annotations  of  the  topography 
and  geology  of  the  country  over  which  he 
passed.  His  exhaustive  description  of  the  lo- 
cality and  character  of  Soda  or  Beer  Spi-ings  has 
been  the  authority  of  all  writers  on  the  topogra- 
phy and  mineralogy  of  that  region  from  that 
day  to  this.  It  is  worth  observing  that  his  as- 
tronomical observations  here  place  Soda  Springs 
in  latitude  42°  39'  57",  or  less  than  fifty  miles 
north  of  what  was  then  Mexico,  and  conse- 
quently the  same  distance  in  Oregon.  These 
are  the  "  Soda  springs"  now  on  the  line  of  the 
Union  Pacific  railroad  in  eastern  Idaho. 

The  intention  of  Captain  Fremont  being  to 
explore  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  which  up  to  this 
time  had  been  almost  a  myth  so  far  as  science 
was  concerned,  about  five  miles  west  of  Soda 
Springs  he  turned  to  the  left,  while  the  emi- 
grant road  bore  away  over  the  hills  to  the  right, 
and,  after  ten  days'  travel,  mainly  down  the  Bear 
River  valley,  on  the  afternoon  of  September  5th 
encamped  on  the  shore  of  a  great  salt  marsh 
which  he  correctly  concluded  must  be  the  margin 
of  the  lake.  He  reached  the  bed  of  the  lake 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Bear  river,  but  skirted 
along  it  to  the  south  until  he  reached  the  mouth 
of  Weber  river,  near  which  the  party  encamped 
and  made  preparations  for  an  exploration  of 
some  portions  of  the  lake  in  an  infiated  india^ 
rubber  boat.  Finally,  on  the  morning  of  Sep- 
tember 9,  the  party  launched  out  on  the  then 
calm  surface  of  this  ocean-like  se^,  aijd  about 
noon  reached  the  shore  of  an  island  where  they 
remained  that  and  the  following  day. 

The  account  given  by  Fremont  of  Salt  Lake 
and  its  surroundings  is  exceedingly  particular 
and  interesting,  but  of  too  great  length  for  these 
pages.  He  remained  upon  the  lake  until  the 
12th  of  September,  when  he  resumed  his  jour- 
ney toward  the  Columbia,  returning  along  the 
line  of  his  previous  travel.  His  company  was 
entirely  out  of  food,  making  one  snpper  out  of 
sea-gulls,  which  Kit  Carson  had  killed  near  the 


BISTORT  OF  Washington: 


lake.  Another  evening  Captain  Fremont  re- 
cords the  fact  that  hunger  made  his  people  very 
quiet  and  peaceable,  and  there  was  rarely  an  oath 
to  be  heard  in  the  camp.  Certainly  those  ac- 
quainted with  the  habits  of  the  men  of  the 
mountains  and  plains  in  those  days  will  believe 
these  must  have  been  very  hungry.  He  restored 
them  to  gayety,  and  probably  profanity  too,  by 
permitting  them  "  to  kill  a  fat  young  horse" 
which  he  had  pui-chased  of  the  Snake  Indians. 
Their  course  led  northward,  through  the  range 
of  monntains  that  divide  the  Great  Basin  of 
Salt  Lake  from  the  waters  that  flow  to  the  Pa- 
cific through  the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers. 
From  these  mountains  they  emerged  into  the 
valley  of  what  he  calls  the  Pannack  river,  other- 
wise known  as  the  Raft  river,  down  which  they 
followed  until  they  emerged  on  the  plains  of 
Snake  river  in  view  of  the  "  Three  Buttes,"  the 
most  prominent  landmarks  of  these  great  plains, 
and  reached  Snake  river  on  the  evening  of  Sep- 
tember 22d,  a  few  miles  above  the  American 
Falls. 

From  this  point  the  reconnoissance  of  Captain 
Fremont  was  down  the  valley  of  Snake  river, 
along  the  course  afterward  so  familiar  to  the 
emigrants,  sweeping  to  the  south  along  the  foot 
of  the  Goose  Creek  mountains  several  miles 
distant  from  Snake  river  for  all  the  distance  in 
which  it  runs  throngh  the  deeply  cut  basaltic 
gorge,  in  which  are  situated  its  greatest  curiosi- 
ties, the  Twin  Falls  and  the  great  Shoshone 
Falls,  the  existence  of  both  of  which  was  un- 
known to  white  men  until  ten  years  later  than 
Captain  Fremont's  explorations.  He  crossed 
the  river,  to  the  north  side  some  miles  below 
"  Fishing"  or  Salmon  Falls,  thence  to  the  Boise 
river,  striking  that  stream  near  the  present  site 
of  Boise  City,  and  via  old  Fort  Boise,  where  he 
recrossed  the  Snake  river  to  the  south,  and  so 
westward  through  Powder  river  valley  and 
Grande  Ronde  valley  to  the  Columbia  river, 
which  he  reached  at  Walla  Walla,  now  Wallala, 
on  the  25th  day  of  October.  In  this  entire  dis- 
tance many  careful  and  frequent  astronomical 
observations  were  taken,  latitudes  and  longitudes 


were  fixed,  and  the  country  very  accurately  de- 
scribed topographically.  The  only  part  of  this 
stage  of  his  journey  on  which  Captain  Fremont 
did  not  follow  the  usual  route  of  the  emigrants, 
was  from  near  where  La  Grande  now  stands  in 
Grande  Ronde  valley,  over  the  Blue  mountains, 
to  where  Milton  is  now  located  on  the  Walla 
Walla  river  Just  below  where  it  issues  from  the 
mountains.  Here  he  sought  a  new  route,  pass- 
ing the  head  of  the  Umatilla  river  to  the  east 
and  north;  but,  though  he  succeeded  in  forcing 
his  way  throngh  the  Blue  range  there,  it  has 
not  been  adopted  as  a  feasible  line  of  general 
travel. 

Fremont  continued  his  journey  down  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia,  and  on  the  4th  of  No- 
vember reached  The  Dalles.  Leaving  most  of 
his  party  at  this  point.  Captain  Fremont  himself 
continued  his  journey  down  the  river,  and  in  a 
few  days  reached  Vancouver,  where  his  westward 
journey  terminated. 

The  reception  Mr.  Fremont  met  at  the  hands 
of  Dr.  McLoughlin,  at  that  time  governor  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  was  such  as  that 
eminently  hospitable  and  courteous  gentleman 
always  extended  to  those  who  visited  that  place. 
The  record  made  by  Captain  Fremont  fully 
evinces  this,  and  is  like  the  common  record  of 
visitors  there.  He  says:  "  I  immediately  waited 
on  Dr.  McLoughlin,  the  executive  oificer  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  who  received  me  with  the  courtesy 
and  hospitality  for  which  he  has  been  eminently 
distinguished,  and  which  makes  a  forcible  and 
delightful  impression  on  a  traveler  from  the 
long  wilderness  from  which  we  had  issued.  I 
was  immediately  supplied  by  him  with  tlie 
necessary  stores  and  provisions  to  refit  and  sup- 
port my  party  in  our  contemplated  winter  jour- 
ney to  the  States."  Dr.  McLoughlin  also  fur- 
nished Captain  Fremont  with  a  letter  of  recom- 
mendation and  credit  for  any  oflicers  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  into  whose  posts  he 
might  be  driven  by  unexpected  misfortune. 

As  an  item  of  history  recorded  by  Captain 
Fremont  at  this  time  the  following  is  worth  the 


IIISToItY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


qiKiting,  ;)s  it  reveals  Dr.  Mc.Lougliliirs  treat- 
ment of  the  emigrants  in  a  soinewiiat  different 
and  niuie  honorable  light  than  that  iu  which 
some  writers  have  presented  it.  Mr.  Fremont 
says:  •■  I  found  many  einii^rants  at  the  fort, 
others  iiad  already  crossed  over  into  their  land 
of  promise — the  Willamette  valley.  Others 
were  daily  arriving,  and  all  of  them  had  been 
furnished  with  shelter  so  far  as  it  could  be  af- 
forded by  the  buildings  of  the  establishment. 
Necessary  clothing  and  provisions  (the  latter  to 
be  afterward  returned  in  kind  from  the  produce 
of  their  labor)  were  also  furnished.  This 
,  friendly  assistance  was  of  very  great  value  to 
the  emigrants,  whose  families  were  otherwise 
exposed  to  iriuch  suffering  in  the  winter  rains 
which  had  now  commenced,  at  the  same  time 
that  they  were  in  want  of  all  the  common  neces- 
saries of  life."  This  record  is  honorable  both 
to  the  man  who  made  it  and  the  man  of  whom 
it  was  made,  especially  when  we  consider  that 
the  relations  of  the  two  governments  of  which 
they  were  severally  representative  citizens,  and 
in  some  sense  official  representatives,  were  then 
in  the  stress  of  urgent  and  somewhat  strained 
diplomatic  controversy  over  the  very  country  in 
which  they  had  met. 

Completing  the  outfit  for  his  proposed  winter 
journey  toward  the  States,  Captain  Fremont  re- 
turned up  the  Columbia  to  The  Dalles,  arriving 
at  that  place  on  the  afternoon  of  the  18th  of 
Novemlier.  From  this  point  he  proposed  to  be- 
gin his  return  expedition.  The  route  selected 
would  lead  him  southward,  east  of  the  Cascade 
range,  clear  through  the  territory  of  the  United 
States,  and  then,  by  a  south  and  eastward  wheel, 
through  the  Mexican  territory,  including  a  con- 
tinued survey  of  the  valley  of  the  Great  Salt 
lake,  back  again  to  the  frontiers  of  Missouri. 
Those  acquainted  with  the  region  he  expected 
to  travel  need  not  be  told  that  few  explorers 
ever  ventured  on  a  more  perilous  expedition 
than  was  this  at  the  season  of  the  year  in  which 
he  iindertook  it.  The  country  was  unknown, 
except  that  it  was  a  vast  region  of  bleak  and 
open  deserts,  of  vast  and  rocky  ranges  of  niount- 


I  ains;  that  its  inhabitants  were  among  the  low- 
est and  most  savage  of  human  beings,  and  that 
there  was  in  it  little  that  could  be  used  for  the 
support  of  life.  It  was  a  bold,  brave  venture 
these  men  made. 

It  was  the  25th  day  of  November  before 
they  were  ready  to  set  out  from  The  Dalles.  Up 
to  this  point,  besides  a  mountain  howitzer, 
some  wheeled  vehicles  had  been  brought  with 
them,  but  the  last,  except  the  howitzer,  were 
here  abandoned,  and  in  flurries  of  snow  they 
took  leave  of  the  Columbia  river  and  turned 
away  into  the  great  southern  wilderness. 

Their  route  lay  high  up  on  the  eastern  slope 
of  the  Cascade  mountains,  at  times  touching 
the  points  of  timber  that  project  eastward  along 
the  rocky  cliffs,  or  in  the  gorges  of  the  streams. 
Proceeding  southward  they  passed  between  the 
Des  Chutes  river  and  the  mountain  range, 
across  the  Tigli  river  and  over  the  Tigh  prairie, 
finding  that  high  and  sandy  plain  covered  with 
snow,  with  the  thermometer  on  the  27th  at  two 
degrees  live  minutes  l)elow  zero.  On  the  29th 
they  passed  the  Hot  Springs,  near  which  are 
now  the  buildings  of  the  Warm  Springs  Indian 
Agency.  From  the  elevated  plain  to  the  south 
of  Warm  Springs  river,  Fremont  records  the 
view  of  six  of  the  great  snowy  peaks  of  the 
mountains  at  one  time.  He  makes  the  mistake 
that  nearly  all  the  travelers  of  that  day  made  of 
recording  St.  Helen's  as  one  of  the  peaks  visible 
from  the  various  points  east  of  the  main  range, 
whereas  there  is  no  place  on  the  eastern  plains 
from  which  it  can  be  seen.  Doubtless  the 
summit  of  Mount  Adams,  which  can  be  seen 
from  many  points,  was  mistaken  for  the  former. 
On  the  5th  of  December  their  route  led  them 
somewhat  down  from  the  mountain  slope  to  the 
main  branch  of  the  Des  Chutes  river,  crossing  it 
the  next  day;  and  after  a  day  or  two  more 
crossed  it  and  entered  on  the  high  plateau  which 
separates  the  waters  of  the  Columbia  from  those 
which  flow  westward  and  southward,  and  en- 
camped on  Klamath  lake,  on  the  evening  of 
December  12.  They  were  now  nearly  on  the 
line  betwejn  the  territory  of  the  United  States 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  that  of  Mexico,  and  consequently  we  sliall 
not  follow  their  explorations  fnrther.  Yet  it  is 
proper  that  we  remark  that  Captain  Fremont 
continued  on  to  the  southward  amid  ever  in- 
creasing difficuities  of  travel  on  account  of  the 
roughness  of  the  mountains  and  the  depth  of 
accumulating  snows,  until  he  was  forced  to  at- 
tempt the  passage  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  mount- 
ains into  the  valley  of  the  Sacramento.  He 
hegan  this  eifort  on  the  3d  day  of  February, 
and  after  a  chapter  of  hardships  which  have  few 
parallels  in  the  history  of  explorations,  reached 
Sutter's  Fort,  in  California,  on  the  8th  day  of 
March,  1844. 


The  publication  of  the  journal  of  these  ex- 
peditions of  Captain  Fremont,  in  1845,  awak- 
ened a  niucli  deeper  interest  in  the  Paciiic  coast 
than  ever  before  existed,  and  his  descriptions 
of  the  route  from  the  Missouri  river  to  Fort 
Vancouver,  in  the  very  heart  of  the  Paciiic 
northwest,  was  of  great  value  to  the  emigrations 
that  crossed  the  plains  from  1843  onward.  His 
descriptions  were  remarkably  accurate,  and  his 
maps  of  the  routes  traveled  most  scientifically 
correct,  and-these  considerations  entitle  his  ex- 
plorations to  this  brief  reference  in  a  history  of 
the  Northwest. 


CHAPTER  V. 

RIVAL  CLAIMS  AND  PRETENSIONS. 

Claims  of  European  Nations — Claims  of  Spain— Rctssian  Enterprise — Edict  of  Pope  Alex- 
ander— Mazy  Boundaries — Extent  of  the  Old  Spanish  Claim — Of  the  French  Claim — 
Parties  to  the  Struggle  CnANaED — France  and  Great  Britain — Results  of  the  War  of 
1759  to  France — State  of  the  Case — What  the  United  States  Purchased — Claims  of 
Great  Britain — Tedious  Diplomacy — Two  Treaties  at  Once — Negotiations  of  1807 — 
Of  1813 — "Joint  Occupancy"  Treaty— Britain  the  Advantage — Influence  of  Sir 
Alexander  McKenzie — Session  of  Congress  in  1820-'21 — First  Proposition  for  the 
Settlement  of  Oregon — "Oregon  Question" — Senator  Benton's  Bill— Propositions  of 
1828 — Joint  Occupancy  Renewed — Webster- Ashburton  Treaty — The  Boundary  Question 
Adjourned — Treaty  Ratified  and  Proclaimed — Taken  up  by  the  People — Two  Views — 
Views  of  Rufus  Choate — Senator  Benton's  Speech — Benton's  Bill  Passes  the  Senate. 


THE  claims  of  the  European  nations  to 
ownership  of  the  lands  and  resources  of 
America  rested  on  a  somewhat  flimsy 
basis  in  right.  Its  morality  was  that  of 
might.  There  was  a  quasi  yielding  to  these 
claims  as  against  each  other  on  grounds  of  dis- 
covery and  formal  occupancy.  At  the  same 
time  not  one  of  these  powers  stopped  for  a 
moment  to  consider  what  rights  of  the  people 
that  were  found  there  when  they  came  would 
be  violated  by  their  assumptions.  Barbaric 
natioTis  never  had  any  rights  that  nations  call- 
ing themselves  civilized  have  felt  bound  to 
respect.     England,  France   and    Spain  were,  as 


relates  to  what  were  termed  barbaric  nations, 
the  freebooters  of  the  world.  America  was  a 
field  for  civilized  rapine  worthy  of  the  struggle 
of  these  racial  giants.  Under  some  fonns  of 
treaty,  designed  mostly  by  either  party  to  limit 
the  pretensions  of  the  other,  but  as  far  as  pos- 
sible leaving  itself  free  to  enlarge  its  own  claims 
as  it  might  have  power  to  enforce  them,  these 
powers  moved  forward,  first  in  the  agreed  di- 
vision of  the  area  of  North  America  among 
themselves,  and  then  in  using  the  allotted  areas 
as  the  small  change  that  settled  the  balances  of 
peace  and  war  in  Continental  Europe.  Pleni- 
potentiaries   sat    in    European     capitals,    5,000 


UISTOBT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


miles  away  from  tlie  regions  most  interested, 
and  arbitrated  American  destinies.  In  this 
way  America  became  tiie  real,  though  passive, 
ai-biter  of  the  world's  new  era.  It  was  what 
Providence  had  thrown  into  tlie  balances  of 
history  to  poise  ultimately  its  beam  for  the 
equities  and  liberties  of  humanity.  Let  us  see 
how  the  question  stood  200  years  after  the 
Spanish  navigator  had  lifted  the  veil  of  the  sea 
from  the  fair  face  of  this  new  laud. 

When  the  treaty  of  Ryswick,  in  1697,  gave 
some  definition  to  the  claims  of  France  and 
Spain  and  Russia  in  the  New  World,  Spain 
claimed  as  her  share  of  North  America  all  the 
Pacific  coast  from  Panama  to  Nootka  sound, 
or  Vancouver  island.  Her  pretentions  cov- 
ered the  coasts,  bays,  islands,  fisheries,  and  ex- 
tended inland  indefinitely.  Part  of  this  claim 
was  alleged  on  the  ground  of  discovery  by  the 
heroic  De  Soto  and  others;  and  all  of  tliem 
were  based  on  discovery  under  the  papal  bull 
of  Alexander  VI,  in  1493.  The  bull  or  decree 
gave  to  the  discoverer  all  newly  discovered 
lands  and  waters.  In  1530  Balboa,  the  Span- 
iard, discovered  the  Pacific  ocean  as  he  came 
over  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  so  in  har- 
mony with  the  pretentious  decree  of  Alexander 
VI  Spain  assumed  rights  of  proprietorship 
over  it.  France  held  advantageous  positions  in 
America  for  the  mastery  of  the  continent;  but 
as  they  were  outside  of  the  limits  of  what  was 
afterward  known  as  "Oregon"  they  need  not  be 
discussed.  Russia  at  this  time  held  no  posses- 
sions in  North  America.  But  Peter  the  Great 
was  her  emperor,  and  his  plans  were  already 
matured  for  entering  the  list  of  contestants  for 
empire  in  the  New  World.  Before  his  plans 
could  be  fully  consummated  Peter  the  Great 
had  died,  and  his  widow,  Catherine,  was  on  the 
throne  of  Muscovy.  With  an  enterprise  not 
less  aggressive  than  his,  she  pushed  forward  his 
plans  of  commercial  and  territorial  aggrandize- 
ment until  northern  Asia  as  well  as  northern 
Europe  had  been  made  commercially  tributary 
to  the  designs  of  Russia.  It  was  but  a  step 
from    the   Asiatic    shores    of  the    northern   Pa- 


cific to  those  of  the  American  mainland  of 
Alaska,  and  Russia  was  in  a  position  to  take 
that  one  step.  The  fur  trade  furnished  the  oc 
casion.  Prominent,  if  not  indeed  chief,  among 
the  agents  of  Russian  aggression  in  this  direc- 
tion was  Behring  the  Dane,  who  made  three 
voyages  through  the  straits  that  now  bear  his 
name,  and  on  the  third  gave  up  his  life  on  a 
desolate  little  granite  island  whose  name  still 
monuments  his  memory.  But  he,  and  those  as- 
sociated with  him,  had  given,  by  visitation  and 
trade,  a  color  of  title  to  Russia  to  this  North- 
western America. 

At  this  time  England  made  absolutely  no 
pretense  to  territorial  or  even  commercial  rights 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  none  on  the  American 
continent  anywhere  except  on  the  Atlantic 
slope  from  Charlestown  to  Peuol)SCot  north- 
ward, and  inland  to  the  watershed  of  the  AUe- 
ghanies. 

Thus  stood  the  pretended  foreign  ownership 
of  the  New  World  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
treaty  of  Ryswick  in  1697.  The  intelligent 
reader  cannot  but  have  observed  how  shadowy 
were  these  pretensions,  and  how  vague  in  terri- 
torial limits,  but  they  were  the  basis  of  claims 
that  afterward  became  more  tangible  and  real, 
and  in  their  ultimate  settlement  cost  long  con- 
tinued struggles  of  the  ablest  diplomats  of  the 
world,  and  were  no  mean  elements  in  setting 
nations  in  array  of  arms  against  each  other. 

Though  it  would  be  deeply  interesting  to  trace 
the  movements  of  the  struggling  forces  that 
sought  for  mastery  ou  this  "  Armageddon  "  of 
the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  our 
limits  preclude  much  more  than  the  merest  out- 
line, and  this  confined  to  what  relates  to  the 
subject  of  our  history.  In  doing  this  we  must 
refer  ohce'more  to  the  edict  of  Pope  Alexander 
VI,  who,  on  the  4th  of  May,  1493,  immediately 
after  the  return  of  Columbus  from  his  voyage  of 
discovery,  published  a  bull  in  which  he  drew  an 
imaginary  line  from  the  north  pole  to  the  south, 
a  hundred  leagues  west  of  the  Azores,  assigning 
to  the  Spanish  all  that  lay  west  of  that  bound- 
ary, and  confirming  to    Portugal    all    that    lay 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


east  of  it.  One  can  scarcely  fail  to  recall  an 
incident  that  occurred  on  a  mountain  of  Galilee 
about  fourteen  centuries  earlier,  when  a  land- 
less pi-etender  drew  the  vision  of  the  Christ  to 
all  the  kingdoms  of  the  world,  and  all  the  glory 
of  them,  and  said,  "All  these  things  will  I  give 
thee,  if  thou  will  fall  down  and  worship  me." 

"While  the  act  of  Alexander  VI  had  as  little 
authority  as  the  other,  it  did  have  a  greater  in 
fluence  on  those  to  whom  it  was  made,  and 
Spain  and  Portugal,  in  the  glory  of  discovery 
and  in  the  pompous  "  gift  "  of  the  JPope,  ruled 
the  splendid  hour.  In  the  strain  of  the  spirit  of 
that  earlier  hour  when  St.  Augustine,  Florida, 
was  founded,  and  the  bigoted  Philip  II  was  pro- 
claimed monarch  of  all  Korth  America,  this 
edict  was  made.  Such,  also,  was  the  supersti- 
tions awe  with  wiiich  the  pretensions  of  the 
Pope  were  then  regarded  in  Europe  that  this 
edict  did  very  much  to  control  the  actions  of 
all  the  powers  of  that  continent  in  regard  to  the 
New  World.  Of  course  very  little  was  known 
of  the  geography  of  America  at  this  time,  and 
there  could  really  have  been  no  prescience  of 
the  great  part  it  was  to  play  in  the  future  his- 
tory of  the  world.  Something,  therefore,  of  the 
indifference  with  which  these  pretences  were 
viewed  mnst  be  set  down  to  this  fact. 

Through  the  maze  of  boundary  lines,  fixed  on 
imaginary  maps  by  the  negotiations  of  contend- 
ing parties,  rather  than  run  by  the  compass  on 
the  solid  earth,  and  which  involved  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent  the  ultimate  title  to  this  whole 
region,  we  shall  not  attempt  to  lead  our  read- 
ers. It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  France  and  En- 
gland began  to  crowd  Spain  southwardly  and 
westwardly  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  conti- 
nent. 

France  had  established  some  mythical  right 
to  "the  western  part  of  Louisiana,"  which  she 
secretly  conveyed  to  Spain  in  1762.  Thirty- 
eight  years  thereafter  Spain  reconveyed  the  same 
to  France.  In  1803  France  sold  the  same  terri- 
tory to  the  United  States,  and  practically  dis- 
appeared from  the  list  of  contestants  for  the 
possession  of  the  empire  on   the  western  conti- 


nent. Spain,  however,  still  held  Florida,  but 
when  in  1819  the  United  States  purchased  that, 
she  also  disappeared  from  the  same  list,  the 
rights  and  claims  of  both  having  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  important  that  we  now  restate  the  fact 
that  the  old  Spanish  claim,  which  had  been  ac- 
corded some  international  authority,  extended 
on  the  Pacific  from  Panama  to  Prince  William 
sound,  and  this  entirely  covered,  not  only  the 
Oregon  of  to-day,  but  Oregon,  Washington, 
Idaho,  and  British  Columbia  of  to-day  up  to 
54'  40".  Presumptuous  as  it  was,  this  claim 
became  one  of  the  most  determining  elements 
in  the  final  settlement  of  what  is  historically 
known  as  the  "Oregon  question." 

The  claims  of  France  to  American  territory 
were  hardly  less  ambitious  and  pretentious  than 
those  of  Spain.  They  covered  more  than  the 
size  of  all  Europe.  The  treaty  of  Ryswick  con- 
ceded these  claims.  But  the  peace  of  liyswick 
was  brief.  War  soon  followed,  and  the  titles  to 
empire  were  written  again  by  the  point  of  the 
sword. 

Though  the  parties  to  the  struggle  for  the 
possession  of  the  country  of  the  Pacific  North- 
west had  changed,  yet  the  struggle  went  on. 
Little  of  it  was  in  the  territory  in  question.  It 
was  in  the  plots  and  counterplots  of  European 
capitals:  in  Paris  and  Loudon  and  St.  Peters- 
burg. It  was  about  the  tables  of  diplomats. 
Within  sixteen  years  of  Ryswick  came  Utrecht, 
when  the  issues  of  war  between  France  and  Eng- 
land, waged  chiefly  in  North  America,  brought 
Anne  of  England  and  Louis  XIV  of  France  face 
to  face  in  the  persons  of  their  embassadors.  The 
aged  and  humbled  Louis  XIV  gave  up  to  Great 
Britain  the  possessions  of  France  on  the  Atlantic 
slope,  and  tlius  yielded  the  morale  of  position 
to  the  Saxon.  Thus  Great  Britain  became  re- 
instated in  place  of  France  over  the  Hudson's 
Bay  basin.  Nova  Scotia  and  Newfoundland.  But 
France  still  held  the  Canadas,  though  they  were 
sandwiched  between  the  northern  and  southern 
possessions  of  (xreat  Britain.  The  grain  be- 
tween the  upper  and  nether  millstones  could  re- 


niSrOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


main  unbrokeo  when  the  stones  were  whirring 
as  easily  as  these  French  provinces  could  j-emain 
in  peace  in  sucli  a  position.  In  the  struggles 
that  followed  the  execution  of  fhe  treaty  of 
Utrecht  in  the  old  world  and  in  the  new,  more  and 
more  the  tide  of  battle  turned  against  France  and 
in  favor  of  England.  At  last  the  culmination  of 
events  came.  In  Montcalm  and  Wolfe  the 
hopes,  and  even  in  a  large  measure  the  destinies 
of  France  and  England,  were  impersonated. 
When  they  looked  into  each  other's  faces  at 
Quebec,  standing  at  tiie  head  of  their  armies  on 
that  great  September  morn  in  1759,  each  felt 
that  was  the  morn  of  duty — the  moru  of  destiny 
for  themselves  and  for  their  country.  The  issue 
of  that  day  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  gave  each 
general  to  immortal  fame,  but  it  gave  to  Eng- 
land all  the  territorial  treasures  of  France  east 
of  the  Mississippi,  except  three  small  islands  off 
the  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Had  France  not 
already,  by  secret  treaty  with  Spain,  executed 
about  one  hundred  days  before  the  great  transfer 
to  Great  Britain,  alienated  her  Paciiic  coast  pos ■ 
sessions.  Great  Britain  would  have  taken  all,  and 
this  would  so  have  changed  (he  relations  of  things 
that  the  atlas  of  the  world  would  have  had  an 
entirely  different  lineing.  Either  the  whole  must 
have  gone  without  controversy  to  the  United 
States  of  America  at  the  close  of  the  Kevolution, 
or  the  title  of  Great  Britain  would  have  been 
conceded  and  unquestionable  to  all  the  territory 
between  California  and  the  Eussian  possession. 
In  either  event  the  story  of  the  history  of  this 
coast  would  have  been  quite  another  book. 

With  the  transfer  of  all  the  claims  of  France 
and  Spain  to  the  territory  on  the  Paciiic  coast  to 
the  United  States,  which  was  concluded  in  1803, 
it  would  seem  that  there  was  no  rightful  con- 
testant with  the  United  States  for  any  portion 
of  that  territory, — certainly  not  as  far  north  as 
the  49th  degree  of  latitude.  None  had  appeared 
in  the  negotations  through  which  this  transfer 
was  made.  The  state  of  the  case  seems  to  have 
been  this:  In  the  treaty  of  Utrecht  in  1713, 
between  the  English  and  the  French,  the  bound- 
arv  between  Louisiana  and  the  British  territory 


north  of  it  was  fixed  by  commissioners  appointed 
under  it  to  run  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
westward  on  latitude  forty-nine  indefinitely. 
When  France  conveyed  the  territory  of  Louis- 
iana, whose  line  had  been  thus  fixed,  to  Spain  in 
1762,  she  also  conveyed  up  to  and  along  this 
same  line  westward,  indefinitely,  on  to  the  Pacific 
coast.  If  she  did  not  convey  to  the  coast,  it  was 
because  Spain  already  had  a  more  ancient  claim 
than  herself  along  the  coast.  When  Spain,  in 
1800,  reconveyed  the  same  to  France,  it  was,  in 
the  language  of  the  third  article  of  the  treaty: 
"The  colony  or  province  of  Louisiana,  with  the 
same  extent  which  it  now  has  in  the  hands  of 
Spain  and  which  it  had  when  France  possessed 
it."  As  Spain  had  not  alienated  any  of  the 
territory  she  had  received  from  France,  of  course 
she  retroceded  to  that  power  all  that  she  had  re- 
ceived from  her.  When,  therefore,  the  United 
States  made  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  she  pur- 
chased clear  through  to  the  Pacific  on  the  line 
of  the  49th  parallel  if  that  was  a  part  of  the 
original  cession  of  France  to  Spain,  or,  if  not,  as 
Spain  had  never  ceded  it  to  another  power,  then 
to  the  Spanish  possessions  on  the  Pacific.  It 
was  then  either  American  territory,  made  such 
by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  1803,  or  it  was 
still  Spanish  territory.  From  1800  to  1819 
Spain  made  no  changes  of  ownership,  sov- 
ereignty or  jurisdiction  touching  this  territory. 
In  the  "Florida  Treaty"  of  1819,  Spain  ceded  to 
the  United  States  all  her  possessions  north  of  a 
line  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sabine  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  running  variously  north  and 
west  until  it  reached  the  Pacific  m  latitude  forty- 
two,  or  the  southern  boundary  of  Oregon.  The 
third  article  of  the  treaty  said:  "His  Catholic 
Majesty  cedes  to  the  United  States  all  his  rights, 
claims  and  pretensions  to  any  territory  east  and 
north  of  said  line,  and  for  himself,  his  heirs  and 
successors  renounces  all  claims  to  the  said  ter- 
ritory forever."  Therefore,  by  the  purchase  of 
1803  from  France  and  by  the  purshase  of  1819 
from  Spain,  the  United  States  gained  all  pre- 
tended titles  to  sovereignty  on  the  Pacific  coast 
between  the  forty-second    and    the  forty-ninth 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


parallels  of  north  latitude, — the  exact  Pacilio 
limits  of  the  earlier  Oregon.  England  at  this 
time  advanced  no  claim  to  80verei(i;nty.  As  late 
as  1826  and  1827  her  plenipotentiaries  formally 
said;  -'Great  Britain  claims  no  exclusive  sover- 
eignty over  any  portion  of  that  territory.  The 
present  claim,  not  in  respect  to  any  part  bnt  to 
the  whole,  is  limited  to  a  right  of  joint  oc- 
cupancy in  common  with  the  other  States,  leaving 
the  ri^iht  of  exclusive  dominion  in  abeyance." 
This,  with  the  history  already  recounted,  leaves 
the  title  of  the  United  States  to  Oregon  beyond 
any  question  of  doubt.  And  with  this  statement 
our  reader  will  be  willing  to  follow  us  through 
the  story  of  diplotnatic  negotiations  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  in  regard  to  the 
"Oregon  question"  as  well  as  the  actions  of  the 
National  Legislature  through  the  quarter  of  a 
century  during  which  Great  Britain  succeeded, 
in  some  way,  in  so  beclouding  the  title  of  the 
United  States  to  the  territory  in  question  and 
in  bewildering  our  diplomats  as  to  well  nigh 
secure  this  vast  Pacific  empire  to  the  crown. 
We  shall  make  this  story  as  brief  as  we  reason- 
ably can,  and  be  faithful  to  the  facts  of  history 
concerning  it.  The  diplomacy  was  tedious  and 
intricate,  and  the  action,  tentative  or  completed, 
of  the  American  Congress,  often  doubtful  and 
inconsequent;  yet  a  careful  resiime  of  both  is  a 
need  of  this  history. 

Negotiations  by  the  United  States  with  Spain 
or  France  in  regard  to  this  country  are  now  at 
an  end.  Henceforth  they  will  be  with  Great 
Britain. 

At  the  precise  moment  tiie  United  States 
was  negotiating  the  treaty  with  France,  in  Paris, 
for  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana,  her  commis- 
sioners were  also  negotiating  one  in  London 
for  the  definition  of  the  boundary  line  between 
the  possessions  of  the  two  countries  in  the 
Northwest.  The  negotiators  of  the  two  treaties 
were  each  ignorant  of  the  action  of  the  others. 
When  the  two  treaties  were  remitted  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  for  ratification,  that 
for  tiie  purchase  of  Louisiana  from  France  was 
ratified  without  restriction.     That  defining  the 


northwest  boundary  was  ratified  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  fifth  article,  which  fixed  the 
boundary  between  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  the 
head  of  the  Mississippi.  The  treaty  was  sent 
back  to  London,  the  article  expunged,  and  then 
the  British  Government  refused  to  ratify  it. 

In  the  year  1807,  another  effort  was  made  at 
negotiation  between  the  two  countries.  A 
treaty  was  agreed  upon  by  the  commissioners, 
tixitig  the  line  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel  as  the 
boundary  between  the  territory  oF  the  two 
countries  as  far  as  their  possessions  might  ex- 
tend, but  with  a  proviso  making  this  provision 
inapplicable  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 
This  treaty  was  never  ratified,  Mr.  Jefferson  re- 
jecting it  without  reference  to  the  Senate. 

In  the  treaty  signed  at  Ghent,  in  1814,  the 
British  plenipotentiarie.s  offered  the  same  arti- 
cles in  relation  to  the  boundaries  in  question  as 
were  offered  in  1803  and  1807,  but  nothing 
could  be  agreed  upon;  and  hence  no  provision 
on  the  subject  was  inserted  in  that  treaty. 

In  1818  negotiations  upon  this  subject  were 
renewed  in  London.  The  plenipotentiaries  of 
Great  Britain,  Mr.  Goulborne  and  Mr.  Robin- 
son, for  the  first  time  in  all  the  negotiations, 
gave  the  grounds  of  the  pretensions  of  Great 
Britain  to  the  country  in  controversy.  They 
asserted  that  "  former  voyages,  and  principally 
that  of  Captain  Cook,  gave  to  Great  Britain 
the  rights  derived  from  discovery;  and  they  al- 
luded to  purchases  from  the  natives  south  of  the 
Columbia,  which  they  alleged  to  have  been  made 
prior  to  the  American  Revolution.  They  made 
no  formal  proposition  for  a  boundary,  l>ut  inti- 
mated that  the  Columbia  river  itself  was  the 
most  convenient  that  could  be  adopted,  and  de- 
clared that  they  would  not  agree  upon  any 
boundary  that  did  not  give  England  the  harbor 
at  the  mouth  of  that  river  in  common  with  the 
United  States.  Messrs.  Gallatin  and  Rush,  the 
American  plenipotentiaries,  made  a  moderate  if 
not  a  timid  reply  to  the  intimations  of  Great 
Britain.  The  final  conclnsions  reached  on  this 
suljject  were  announced  in  these  words:  '  That 
any  country  claimed  by  either  on  the  northwest 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


53 


coast  of  Ameriua,  together  with  its  harbors, 
bays,  and  creeks,  and  the  navigation  of  all  riv- 
ers within  the  same,  be  frue  and  open,  for  the 
term  of  ten  years,  to  the  subjects,  citizens  and 
vessels  of  the  two  powers,  without  prejudice  to 
any  claim  which  either  party  might  have  to  any 
part  of  the  country."  This  was  the  celebrated 
"  Joint  Occupancy  "  treaty. 

It  must  be  confessed  that  the  adoption  of  this 
article  of  "  joint  occupancy  "  gave  Great  Brit- 
ain a  decided  advantage  in  the  Oregon  contro- 
versy. First,  it  conceded  that  she  had  some 
sort  of  a  claim  to  the  country,  a  claim  that 
stood  for  no  less,  even  if  it  stood  for  no  more, 
than  that  of  the  United  States.  Secondly,  she 
was  on  the  ground  in  much  greater  force  in  her 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  her  Northwest  Com- 
pany, united  into  one  of  the  strongest  commer- 
cial corporations  in  the  world,  and  having  all 
the  elements  in  itself  of  political  propagandism. 
With  her  advantages  in  trade,  her  strong  semi- 
political  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  Messrs.  Gallatin  and  Rush 
should  have  known  that  she  would  be  able  to 
drive  all  American  enterprises  from  the  country 
before  the  ten  years  were  gone.  Great  Britain 
knew  this;  intended  to  do  so,  and  did  it.  One 
of  the  wonders  of  the  historian  is  that  such  a 
treaty  could  ever  have  been  approved  Ijj  an 
American  president,  or  ratified  l)y  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States. 

In  the  history  and  results  of  this  negotiation, 
it  is  easy  to  detect  the  influence  of  the  advice 
of  Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie — whose  journey 
across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific  nortli  of  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  we  have  already  recorded — 
over  the  minds  of  the  British  negotiators.  He 
proposed  the  forty-fifth  parallel  of  latitude  as 
the  boundary  between  the  possessions  of  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States  west  of  tlie  Mis- 
sissippi. His  words  were:  "  Let  the  line  begin 
where  it  may  on  the  Mississi|)pi,  it  must  con- 
tinue west  until  it  terminates  in  the  Pacific 
ocean  to  the  south  of  the  Columbia  river."  It 
was  this  purpose  which  plainly    dominated  the 


British    plenipotentiaries     in    the  propositions 
they  made  to  the  United  States. 

Tlie  session  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  for  1820-'21  was  made  remarkable,  es- 
pecially in  the  light  of  subsequent  events,  as 
the  first  at  which  any  proposition  was  made  for 
the  occupation  and  settlement  of  the  country 
acquired  from  France  and  Spain  on  the  Colum- 
bia river.  It  was  made  by  John  Floyd,  a 
representative  from  Virginia,  an  ardent  and 
very  able  man,  and  strongly  imbued  with  west- 
ern feelings.  His  attention  was  specially  called 
to  the  subject  by  some  essays  of  Thomas  H. 
Benton,  just  then  appearing  in  the  field  of 
national  politics  as  senator-elect  from  Missouri, 
and  he  resolved  to  bring  the  matter  to  the  at- 
tention of  Congress.  He  moved  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  committee  of  three  to  consider 
and  report  on  the  subject.  The  committee  was 
granted,  more  out  of  courtesy  to  an  influential 
member  of  the  House  than  with  any  expectation 
of  favorable  results.  General  Floyd  was  made 
chairman,  with  Thomas  Metcalf,  of  Kentucky, 
and  Thomas  V.  Swearingen,  of  Virginia,  asso- 
ciated with  him.  In  six  days  a  biU  was  re- 
ported, "To  authorize  the  occupation  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  to  regulate  trade  and  inter- 
course with  the  Indian  tribes  thereon."  They 
accompanied  the  bill  with  an  elaborate  and  able 
report  in  support  of  the  measure.  The  bill  was 
treated  with  parliamentary  courtesy,  read  twice, 
but  no  decisive  action  was  taken.  But  the  sub- 
ject was  before  Congress  and  the  nation,  and 
that  was  much  gained. 

In  studying  the  reasons  assigned  at  that  time, 
by  the  committee,  and  by  such  men  as  Benton 
and  Linn,  why  the  proposed  action  should  be 
taken,  one  is  impressed  with  the  clear  foresight 
of  their  prophetic  minds  as  to  the  future  history 
of  this  great  Northwest.  To  the  greater  part  of 
their  contemporaries  their  views  were  wild 
vagaries  and  their  propositions  extravagant  and 
chimerical;  to  us  they  are  a  fulfilling  and  ful- 
filled history. 

The  Oregon  question  slumbered  in  Congress 
until  1825,  when  Senator  Benton  introduced  a 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


bill  into  the  Senate  to  enable  the  President,  Mr. 
Monroe,  to  possess  and  retain  the  country.  The 
bill  proposed  an  appropriation  to  enable  the 
president  to  act  efficiently  with  army  and  navy. 
In  the  discussion  of  this  bill  the  whole  question 
of  title  to  Oregon  came  up,  and,  in  reply  to  Mr. 
Dickinson,  of  New  York,  who  opposed  the  bill, 
Mr.  Benton  made  a  speech  which  entirely  met 
all  objections  against  the  proposed  action,  and 
thoroughly  answered  all  the  pretensions  of 
Great  Britain  in  relation  to  the  country.  The 
bill  did  not  pass,  but  fourteen  Senators  voted 
for  it,  namely:  Barbour,  Benton,  Boligny,  Cobb, 
Hayne,  Jackson  (the  general)  Johnson  of  Ken- 
tucky, Johnson  of  Louisiana,  Lloyd  of  Massa- 
chusetts, Mills,  Noble,  Ruggles,  Talbot  and 
Thomas.  These  names  deserve  an  honorable 
record  on  the  pages  of  the  history  of  this  coast. 

The  action  of  Senator  Benton  on  the  bill 
showed  very  clearly  that  the  sentiment  in  favor 
of  asserting  the  rights  of  the  United  States  to 
Oregon  was  rapidly  increasing.  The  ten  years 
of  joint  occupancy,  provided  for  in  the  treaty 
of  1818,  were  drawing  toward  a  close,  and  a 
strong  and  intelligent  part  of  our  national  leg- 
islators, under  the  lead  of  Senator  Benton,  was 
opposed  to  renewing  that  provision.  The  rea- 
sons on  which  these  views  were  based  were 
never  invalidated,  but  were  the  final  grounds  on 
which  the  United  States  won  her  case  and  se- 
cured Oregon.     They  were  these: 

The  title  to  Oregon  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  rests  on  an '  irrefragable  basis. 
First:  The  discovery  of  the  Columbia  river  by 
Captain  Gray  in  1792.  Second:  The  purchase 
of  its  territory  of  Louisiana,  which  included 
Oregon,  from  France  in  1803.  Third:  The 
discovery  of  the  Colnmbia  river  from  its  head 
to  its  month  by  Lewis  and  Clarke  in  1806. 
Fourth:  The  settlement  of  Astoria  in  1811. 
Fifth:  The  treaty  with  Spain  in  1819.  Sixth: 
Contiguity  of  settlement  and  possession. 

The  next  step  in  the  negotiations  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  was  the 
proposition,  in  1828,  at  the  end  of  ten  years 
of  joint  occupancy,  to  renew  the  terms  of  the 


convention  for  an  indefinite  period,  determinable 
on  one  year's  notice  from  either  party  to  the 
other.  Mr.  Gallatin  was  the  sole  negotiator  of 
this  renewed  treaty  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States,  and  his  work  was  sustained  by  the  ad- 
ministration then  in  power, — that  of  John 
Quincy  Adams.  The  treaty  met  strong  oppo- 
sition in  the  Senate,  led  by  that  steadfast  and 
intelligent  friend  of  Oregon,  Thomas  H.  Ben- 
ton, but  it  was  ratified;  and  thus  England  was 
indefinitely  continued  in  her  position  of  advan- 
tage over  the  United  States  in  the  territory  in 
question. 

From  1828  to  1842,  '■  joint  occupation  "  was 
the  law  of  the  land  so  far  as  Oregon  was  con- 
cerned, while  "British  occupation  "was  the  fact 
so  far  as  the  country  was  concerned.  As  we  have 
seen  elsewhere,  every  attempt  of  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States  to  establish  commercial  en- 
terprises in  the  valley  of  the  Columbia  had 
been  frustrated  and  defeated  by  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  the  potent  representatives  of 
British  interests  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Astor's 
great  plans,  conceived  in  a  broad  intelligence, 
prosecuted  at  enormous  expense,  and  represent- 
ing American  interests  in  Oregon,  had  failed. 
Wyeth  had  sunk  a  fortune  between  the  Kocky 
mountains  and  the  Pacific,  and  all  other  Ameri- 
cans who  had  adventured  kindred  enterprises 
had  been  equally  unfortunate,  and  after  a  quarter 
of  a  century  of  "joint  occupancy  "  England  had 
almost  exclusive  possession  of  the  country. 

What  is  known  as  the  "  Ashburton-Webster 
Treaty"  was  negotiated  at  Washington,  in  1842, 
Lord  Ashburton  being  the  sole  negotiator  on 
the  part  of  England,  and  Mr.  Webster,  then 
secretary  of  State  under  President  Tyler,  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States.  Lord  Ashburton 
was  Mr.  Alexander  Baring,  head  of  the  great 
banking  house  of  Baring  &  Brothers,  and  was 
a  very  astute  and  able  man,  and  a  finished 
diplomat.  His  mission  was  special,  and  though 
Mr.  Fox  was  then  the  resident  British  minister 
at  Washington,  so  thoroughly  did  the  Govern- 
ment trust  Lord  Ashburton  that  even  Mr.  Fox 
was    not  joined   in    the  mission.     Neither  did 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  president  associate  any  one  with  Mr.  AYeb- 
ster.  The  Englisli  pleiiipoteutiarj  came,  profess- 
edlj,  to  settle  all  questions  between  the  United 
States  and  England,  a  chief  one  of  which  was 
the  "  Oregon  question."  The  United  States 
wished  it  settled.  England  wished  it  adjourned; 
and  the  wishes  of  England  prevailed.  What 
conferences,  if  any,  were  held  between  Mr. 
Webster  and  Lord  Ashburton  about  anything 
further  than  the  adjournment  of  this  question, 
does  not  appear  in  any  record,  and  abont  the 
only  reference  to  it  made  of  record  is  the  state- 
ment of  the  president  that  there  were  some 
"  informal  conferences  "  in  relation  to  it,  and  in 
his  message  communicating  the  treaty  to  the 
Senate,  that  "there  is  no  probability  of  coming 
to  any  agreement  at  present." 

The  treaty  was  ratified  by  the  Senate  on  the 
26tli  day  of  August,  1842.  After  its  ratifica- 
tion by  the  Queen  of  England,  audits  proclama- 
tion as  the  supreme  law  of  the  land  on  the  10th 
day  of  November,  England  was  more  firmly  in- 
trenched, so  far  as  the  law  was  concerned,  in  her 
claims  and  pretensions  to  Oregon  than  ever  be- 
fore. But  while  plenipotentiaries  temporized 
aud  compromised,  and  executives  and  senates 
moved  at  a  laggard  pace  on  such  great  questions, 
events  hastened.  The  people  took  up  the  ques- 
tion aud  went  before  the  Government.  What 
they  determined,  the  Government  must  soon 
affirm.  So  fully  did  the  question  which  the  late 
treaty  had  postponed  occupy  the  public  mind, 
even  during  the  pendency  of  the  negotiation  of 
that  treaty,  that,  had  the  ear  of  Mr.  Webster 
l)een  nearer  the  heart  of  the  people  he  would 
surely  have  understood  that  adjournment  of  the 
question  by  himself  and  Lord  Ashburton  meant 
anytiiing  rather  than  a  suppression,  or  even  a 
postponement,  of  it  from  public  debate.  The 
newspapers  took  it  up,  and  it  was  thus  brought 
to  the  boys  and  girls,  fathers  and  mothers  on 
the  hearthstones  of  the  million  homes  of  the 
country.  The  sentiments  of  the  leaders  of  po- 
litical action  in  our  National  Legislature,  as 
those  sentiments  appeared  in  the  debates  of  the 
Senate  on  the  question  of  the  ratification  of  the 


Webster-Ashburton  treaty,  were  criticised,  ap- 
proved or  condemned  by  the  people  in  all  the 
land.  One  sentiment  was  for  the  ratification, 
with  postponement  of  the  Oregon  question  and 
its  easy  forbearance  with  the  crafty  and  insid- 
ious policy  of  England;  the  other  was  for  the 
rejection  of  the  treaty,  a  withdrawal  of  the 
United  States  from  joint  occupancy,  and  an  act 
of  colonization  which  would  assume  the  full 
sovereignty  of  the  United  States  over  the  terri- 
tory in  question  by  granting  lands  to  emigrants, 
and  otherwise  encouraging  their  settlement  in 
Oregon.  Representing  the  first  class,  and  speak- 
ing for  it,  as  well  as  for  Mr.  Webster  the  nego- 
tiator of  the  treaty,  was  Mr.  Rufus  Choate,  sen- 
ator from  Massachusetts,  who  spoke  in  his  place 
in  the  Senate  as  follows:  "Oregon,  which  a 
growing  and  noiseless  current  of  agricultural 
immigration  was  tilling  with  hands  and  hearts 
the  fittest  to  defend  it — the  noiseless,  innumer- 
ous  movement  of  our  nation  westward.  *  * 
We  have  spread  to  the  Alleghanies,  we  have 
topped  them,  we  have  difl'used  ourselves  over  the 
imperial  valley  beyond;  we  have  crossed  the 
father  of  rivers;  the  granite  and  ponderous  gates 
of  the  Rocky  mountains  have  opened,  and  we 
stand  in  sight  of  the  great  sea.  *  *  *  Goon 
with  your  negotiations  and  emigration.  Are 
not  the  rifles  and  the  wheat  growing  together, 
side  by  sidel  Will  it  not  be  easy,  when  the  in- 
evitable hour  comes,  to  beat  back  ploughshares 
and  pruning-hooks  into  their  original  forms  of 
of  instruments  of  death?  Alas,  that  that  trade 
is  so  easy  to  learn  and  so  hard  to  forget!" 

This  was  beautifully  said,  and  it  had  a  certain 
amiability  about  it  that  commended  it  to  the 
favorable  thought  of  many.  Still  it  was  far 
from  representing  the  views  of  those  who,  from 
the  beginning  of  the  diplomatic  struggle  with 
Great  Britain,  had  been  the  steadfast  and  radi- 
cal advocates  of  the  right  of  the  Unittd  States 
to  the  possession  of  Oregon.  Their  views  were 
better  expressed  by  Senator  Benton,  who  on 
the  "Oregon  Colonization  Act"  closed  a  speech 
of  great  vigor  and  power  by  saying: 

'•Time  is  invoked  as  the  agent  that  is  to  help 


EISTOnr    OP     WMUINGTON. 


US.  Gentlemen  object  to  the  present  time,  refer 
us  to  the  future  time,  and  beg  us  to  wait,  and 
rely  upon  time  and  negotiations  to  accomplish 
all  our  wishes.  Alas!  Time  and  Negotiations 
have  been  fatal  agents  against  us  in  all  our  dis- 
cussions with  Great  Britain.  Time  has  been 
constantly  working  for  her  and  against  us.  She 
now  has  the  exclusive  possession  of  the  Colum- 
bia, and  all  she  wants  is  time  to  ripen  her  pos- 
session into  a  title.  For  above  twenty  years 
*  *  the  present  time  for  vindicating  our 
rights  on  the  Columbia  has  been  constantly  ob- 
jected to,  and  we  were  bidden  to  wait.  Well, 
we  have  waited,  and  what  have  we  got  by  it? 
Insult  and  defiance! — a  declaration  from  this 
British  ministry  that  large  British  interests 
have  grown  up  on  the  Columbia  during  this 
time,  which  they  will  protect,  and  a  flat  refusal 
from  the  olive-branch  minister  [Lord  Ashbur- 
tonj  to  include  this  question  among  those  which 
his  peaceful  mission  was  to  settle!  No,  sir; 
time  and  negotiations  have  been  bad  agents  for 
us  in  our  controversies  with  Great  Britain. 
They  have  just  lost  us  the  military  frontiers  of 
Maine,  which  we  had  held  for  sixty  years,  and 
the  trading  frontier  of  the  Northwest,  which  we 


had  held  for  the  same  time.  Sixty  years'  pos- 
session and  eight  treaties  secured  these  ancient 
and  valuable  boundaries;  one  negotiation  and  a 
few  days  of  time  have  taken  them  from  us! 
And  so  it  may  be  again.  The  Webster  treaty 
of  1842  has  obliterated  the  great  boundaries  of 
1783 — placed  the  British,  their  fur  company 
and  their  Indians  within  our  ancient  limits; 
and  I,  for  one,  want  no  more  treaties  from  the 
hand  which  is  always  seen  on  the  side  of  the 
British.  I  now  go  for  vindicating  our  rights 
on  the  Columbia,  and,  as  the  first  step  toward 
it,  passing  this  bill,  and  making  these  grants  of 
land,  which  will  soon  place  the  thirty  or  forty 
thousand  rifies  beyond  the  Kocky  mountains, 
which  will  be  our  effective  negotiators." 

The  bill  of  Mr.  Benton  passed  the  Senate  by 
a  A'ote  of  twenty-four  to  twenty-two.  It  went 
to  the  House,  where  it  remained  unacted  upon 
during  the  session.  But  its  moral  effect  was  to 
assure  the  enterprising  people  of  the  West  that 
the  period  of  national  procrastination  and  timid- 
ity was  well-nigh  over,  and  that  it  would  be 
hut  a  very  short  time  before  such  decisive  action 
would  l)e  taken  as  would  compel  a  settlement 
of  the  controversy  with  England. 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON.  57 

CHAPTER  \L 

RIVAL  CLAIMS  AND  PRETENSIONS,  CONTINUED. 

Presidential  Election  of  1844— Watciiwords  of  the  Campaign — Negotiations  again — "Why 
NOT  Settled  in  1S44 — Negotiations  between  Secretary  Buchanan  and  Mr.  Fackenham — 
Action  of  Congress — Forty-ninth  Farallel  Agreed  upon — An  Annoying  Error — The 
Codfish  Story — -Dk.  Whitman  and  the  Treaty  of  1842 — Webster's  Statement — Con- 
tinued Disagreement  about  the  Line  Along  the  Straits  of  Fuca — Danger  of  War— 
The  Pacific  Pioneers  Take  up  the  Question — Action  of  the  Oregon  Legislature—  San 
Juan  Island  Held  by  the  Military — General  Scorr  on  the  Field — -Agreement  between 
Scott  and  Douglas — Arbitration  Froposed — Declined  by  the  United  States — -Emperor 
William  Finally  Selected  as  Arbiter  in  1871 — His  Decision. 


FOLLOWING  immediately  in  the  train  of 
the  events  just  related,  came  the  j>resi- 
^  dential  election  of  1844.  The  Oregon 
question  was  too  available  a  question  for  the 
uses  of  a  political  campaign  to  be  kept  out  of 
the  preliminary  canvass.  Besides,  there  were 
too  many  Americans,  and  they  were  too  intelli- 
gent and  patriotic,  already  settled  in  the  valley 
of  the  Willamette,  whose  letters  to  tlieir  friends 
at  home  and  to  the  public  through  the  periodi- 
cal press  extolled  the  beauty  and  salubrity-  of 
the  country,  not  to  thoroughly  awaken  the 
public  mind  on  the  entire  issue  involved. 
"America  for  Americans,"  "The  Monroe  Doc- 
trine," "  Fifty-four  Forty  or  Fight,"  became 
the  catch-words,  if  not  the  watchwords  of  the 
hour.  The  politicians  of  one  party  took  their 
cue  from  the  obvious  tendency  of  this  popular 
cry.  The  annexation  of  Texas  and  the  imme- 
diate occupation  of  Oregon  were  very  skillfully 
united  together  in  the  platform  of  the  conven- 
tion that  nominated  James  K.  Polk  for  presi- 
dent. On  the  Oregon  question  it  declared  that 
our  title  to  tlie  whole  of  Oregon  up  to  54°  40' 
north  latitude  was  "clear  and  indispntable," 
thus  denying  and  defying  the  pretensions  of 
Great  Britain  to  any  ten-itory  bordering  on  the 
Pacihc.  The  nominee  of  the  Democratic  party 
for  president,  Mr.  James  K.  Polk,  indorsed  the 
platform,  and  the  canvass  for  him  proceeded  on 
that  issue.  Mr.  Folk  was  elected  over  Henry 
Clay,  who,  although  the  idol  of  his  party  and 
one  of  the    n)<)st    popular  of  American   states- 


men, conld  not  overcome  the  excited  state  of 
the  public  mind  on  these  questions.  Thus  the 
verdict  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  at 
the  election  was  unquestionably  in  favor  of 
Oregon,  even  up  to  54°  40'  north  latitude.  It 
was  well  known,  however,  that  the  leading 
statesmen  of  the  Democratic  party  believed  the 
forty-ninth  degree  to  be  the  line  of  our  rightful 
claim.  Mr.  Benton  had  already  demonstrated  it 
on  the  floor  of  the  Senate.  ,Mr.  Calhoun,  as 
Democratic  secretary  of  State  for  Mr.  Tyler, 
at  the  very  moment  when  the  Democratic  con- 
vention was  making  its  platform  and  nomi- 
nating  Mr.   Polk  upon    it,   was  engaged    in    a 


negotiation  with  the  British  minister  in  Wash- 
ington, and  offering  to  him  a  settlement  of  the 
entire  question  on  the  line  of  the  forty-ninth 
parallel.  Only  some  item  in  regard  to  the  right 
of  Great  Britain  to  navigate  the  Columbia  river 
prevented  the  acceptance  of  this  proposition  by 
the  British  minister,  and  the  settlement  of  the 
whole  question  at  that  time. 

While,  doubtless,  Mr.  Calhoun  himself  would 
have  been  glad  to  have  concluded  the  Oregon 
question  as  secretary  of  State,  and  as  he  evi- 
dently might  have  done,  politically  he  did  not 
dare  to  do  so.  The  annexation  of  Texas  was  a 
Southern  question,  and  the  South  could  be  car- 
ried for  Mr.  Polk  on  tliat  issue.  Oregon  was  a 
Northern  question,  and  the  North  could  be  car- 
ried in  the  same  way  by  keeping  up  the  cry  of 
"Fifty-four  Forty  or  Fight."  To  settle  on  4'.)° 
would   be  to  yield  the  question,  and  with  it  the 


niSrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


election  to  the  Whigs,  and  make  Mr.  Clay 
president.  So  the  Oregon  question  was  not 
settled,  as  it  might  have  been  before  the  elec- 
tion of  1844,  on  exactly  the  same  line  as  was 
adopted  two  years  later,  after  it  had  achieved 
the  political  i-esults  for  which  it  was  kept  in 
the  air  during  the  political  canvass  of  1844, 
namely,  electing  Mr.  Polk  president,  and  finally 
defeating  the  aspirations  of  Mr.  Clay  for  that 
eminent  position. 

With  this  result  achieved,  and  on  this  ground 
this  question  could  not  slumber.  Mr.  Polk 
brought  it  promptly  forward  in  his  inaugural 
address,  reaffirming  the  position  of  the  platform 
on  which  he  was  elected.  The  position  of  the 
inaugural  threw  the  public  mind  of  Great 
Britain  into  a  ferment,  and  the  English  nation 
thundered  back  the  cry  of  war.  For  a  year 
the  two  nations  stood  face  to  face  like  gladi- 
ators, with  uplifted  swords,  waiting  for  a  word 
that  would  send  them  breast  to  breast  in  the 
tierce  grapple  of  war.  History  must  record 
that  the  United  States  must  retreat,  in  her 
diplomacy  and  in  her  legislation,  from  the 
political  decision  of  her  people,  or  the  inevi- 
table war  must  come.  It  was  an  embarrassing 
and  mortifying  position  for  the  new  govern- 
ment, but  it  had  to  be  endured  and  met  as  best 
it  could  be. 

James  Buchanan  was  now  Secretary  of  State. 
He  waited  for  some  time  for  a  proposition  from 
the  British  minister  at  Washington  to  renew 
tiie  negotiations  on  the  Oregon  question,  but 
none  came.  On  the  22d  of  July,  1845,  he 
therefore  addressed  a  note  to  Mr.  Packenham, 
the  British  minister  at  Washington,  resuming 
negotiations  where  Mr.  Calhoun  liad  suspended 
them,  and  again  proposed  the  line  of  forty- nine 
to  the  ocean.  This  the  British  minister  re- 
fused, but  invited  a  "fairer''  proposition.  The 
knowledge  of  this  proposition  on  the  part  of 
the  Secretary  of  State  raised  a  political  storm 
in  his  party,  before  which  the  administration 
cowered,  and,  as  Mr.  Packenham  had  not  ac- 
cepted it,  it  was  withdrawn.  The  president 
recommended    strong    measures    to  assert  and 


secure  our  title,  and  the  political  storm  was 
measurably  appeased.  Meantime  the  with- 
drawal of  the  proposition  of  Mr.  Buchanan, 
coupled  with  the  recommendation  of  the  presi- 
dent, somewhat  alarmed  the  British  people,  and 
it  began  to  be  rumored  that  England  would 
propose  the  line  she  had  before  rejected.  The 
position  of  the  dominant  party  absolutely  re- 
required  that  it  should  make  a  demonstration 
according  to  its  iterated  and  reiterated  promises 
to  the  people.  Accordingly  a  resolution  de- 
termining the  treaty  of  joint  occupancy,  and 
looking  to  the  maintenance  of  that  position, 
was  introduced  into  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, most  ably  debated — John  Quincy  Adams 
taking  strong  grounds  in  its  favor — and,  on  the 
9th  of  February,  1846,  adopted,  by  the  decisive 
vote  of  163  to  54. 

The  resolution  thus  passed  in  the  House 
went  to  the  Senate.  Here,  in  the  fo'-m  in  which 
it  passed  the  House,  it  encountered  violent  op- 
position, a  strong  contingent  of  the  Democratic 
party  taking  position  against  it.  Among  these, 
if  not  their  leader,  was  Senator  Benton.  Gen- 
eral Cass,  E.  A.  Hannigan  and  William  Allen 
led  the  debate  in  its  favor.  Besides  Benton, 
Webster,  Crittenden  and  Berrien  made  exhaus- 
tive arguments  against  it.  It  was  well  under- 
stood in  the  Senate  that  President  Polk  thought 
it  necessary  to  recede  from  the  position  of  his 
party — the  position  on  which  he  had  fought  the 
campaign  in  which  he  was  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency— and  accept  of  the  line  of  49°  without  a 
"fight."  So  the  resolution  of  the  House  was 
defeated  in  the  Senate.  But  the  Senate  adopted 
another  resolution,  authorizing  the  president 
"at  his  discretion"  to  give  notice  to  Great 
Britain  for  the  termination  of  the  treaty.  The 
Senate  resolution  was  conciliatory,  its  preamble 
declaring  that  it  was  only  to  secure  "a  speedy 
and  amicable  adjustment  of  the  differences  and 
disputes  in  regard  to  said  territory." 

When  this  resolution  went  to  the  House  that 
body  receded  from  its  former  position,  and, 
with  even  a  greater  unanimity  than  had  char- 
acterized their  action  on  that  which  tbe   Senate 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


had  rejected,  adopted  it, — only  forty-six,  and 
they  almost  entirely  Northern  Demoo.rats,  vot- 
ing against  it. 

With  this  action  the  danger  of  the  war  with 
Great  Britain  was  dispelled.  It  was  immedi- 
ately followed  by  a  treaty  between  Mr.  Buch- 
anan, Secretary  of  State,  under  the  direction  of 
the  president  and  British  minister  at  Washing- 
ton, adopting  the  forty-ninth  parallel  as  the 
boundary  between  the  two  countries,  with  cer- 
tain concessions  touching  the  line  westward  of 
where  that  parallel  strikes  the  Gulf  of  Georgia, 
and,  for  a  definite  period,  the  rights  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  the  navigation  of 
the  Cohimbia  river  by  the  British.  Thus  closed 
a   controversy   with   Great    Britain     that   came 


very  near  mv 


the  two  nations  in  a  conflict 


of  arms.  In  a  war  England  could  havi 
and  it  may  not  be  too  much  to  suppose,  would 
have  possessed  Oregon,  but,  perhaps,  at  the  cost 
of  the  Canadas.  Had  the  settlement  been  post- 
poned a  few  years  longer,  it  is  not  irapi-obable 
that  American  emigrants  would  have  so  filled 
the  country  even  up  to  54°  40',  that  all  the 
country  would  have  been  ours.  In  the  discus- 
sion both  sides  were  partly  right  and  partly 
wrong,  as  history  clearly  demonstrates.  The 
"80,000  rifles"  theory  of  Senator  Benton,  in 
the  hands  of  emigrants,  was  correct.  The  "time 
and  patience"  theory  of  Mr.  Webster  and  Mr. 
Calhoun  was  also  correct.  Tliese  acting  to- 
gether solved  the  "Oregon  question,"  and  on 
the  whole,  as  matters  stood  in  1846,  solved  it 
honorably  and  justly  to  both  the  high  contract- 
ing parties. 

It  is  probably  due  to  the  justice  of  history 
that  wo  should  not  dismiss  finally  the  subject 
of  the  rival  claims  and  claimants  to  Oregon, 
and  of  the  diplomatic  negotiations  through 
which  those  claims  were  led  to  a  final  settle- 
ment, without  some  notice  of  a  curious  and 
annoying  error  into  which  the  people  of  the 
Pacific  coast  were  led  in  regard  to  what  was 
contained  in  the  Webster-Ashburton  treaty. 
It  was  not  only  annoying  to  the  feelings  of  the 
])eople,  but  it  led  to  the  Avriting  of  a  great  dale 


of  fictitious  history,  the  writers  not  stopping  to 
ascertain  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  rumors 
which  they  adopted  as  fact.  The  error  was 
this:  That  in  the  negotiations  between  Mr. 
Webster  for  the  United  States  and  Lord  Ash- 
burton  for  England  a  proposition  was  discussed 
and  well  nigh  adopted  for  the  United  States  to 
cede  to  Great  Britain  her  claim  to  Oregon  for 
extended  fishing  privileges  on  the  banks  of 
Newfoundland,  and  some  other  privileges  con- 
trolled by  the  English  on  the  northeast  coast. 
This  statement  was  brought  to  Oregon  by  the 
emigrants  of  1842  and  raised  a  great  excite- 
ment among  the  people.  It  was  widely  claimed 
that  it  was  this  that  prompted,  or  rather  im- 
pelled, Dr.  Whitman  to  make  his  perilous 
winter  journey  to  the  Eastern  States  in  order 
that  the  Government  should  be  prevented  from 
making  that  fatal  trade.  Dramatic  incidents 
have  been  recited  as  veritable  history  connected 
with  these  supposed  facts,  which  have  had  no 
being  but  in  the  excited  imaginations  of  care- 
less writers,  or  the  partial  and  overwrought 
eulogies  of  admiration  and  friendship. 

The  truth  of  the  matter  is  clearly  ascertained 
to  be  that  the  subject"  of  the  Oregon  boundary 
formed  no  part  of  the  formal  negotiations  of 
that  occasion.  There  is  no  reference  to  it  in 
the  treaty,  or  in  the  documents  accompanying 
it  when  it  was  transmitted  to  the  Senate  for 
ratification. 

The  statement  so  often  made  that  ]\Ir.  AVeb- 
ster  and  President  Tyler  were  prevented  from 
committing  this  blunder  by  the  timely  arrival 
of  Dr.  Whitman  in  Washington  just  before  the 
treaty  was  to  be  signed,  has  not  a  shadow  of 
foundation.  As  before  shown  the  treaty  was 
signed  August  8,  1842,  two  months  before  Dr. 
Whitman  started  from  his  home  in  Oregon. 
On  the  11th  it  was  submitted  to  the  Senate. 
On  the  26th  it  was  approved,  and  Lord  Ash- 
burton  started  with  it  the  same  day  ibr  Eng- 
land, where  it  was  ratified,  returned  to  the 
United  States,  and  proclaimed  on  the  10th  of 
November.  Dr.  Whitman  arrived  in  Washing- 
ton in  March  following;. 


HInrURY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


So  plain  a  statement  of  fact  renders  it  un- 
necessary to  balance  probaljilities  or  weigh  ar- 
guments; the  facts  are  more  convincing  tlian 
either.  As  the  United  States  had  ne\-er  offered 
to  yield  any  territory  to  England  south  of  the 
49th  parallel,  and  had  always  peremptorily  re- 
jected any  offer  from  Great  Britain  to  com- 
promise on  a  lower  line,  or  the  line  of  tiie  Co- 
lumbia river,  so  now  Mr.  Webster  and  Mr. 
Tyler  could  not  and  did  not  depart  from  the 
oft-repeated  position  of  the  United  States  on 
tliat  question,  and  Mr.  Webster's  own  statement 
that  "  the  United  States  had  never  offered  any 
line  south  of  forty-nine,  and  it  never  will,"  con- 
cludes it. 

Although  the  Oregon  treaty  was  made,  and 
had  been  proclaimed  as  the  law  of  tlie  land,  one 
thing  remained  to  be  done  wliich  became  a  mat- 
ter of  infinite  disagreement,  and  came  very  near 
involving  the  two  countries  in  war  before  its 
final  conclusion.  The  line  was  Agreed  upon, 
but  it  was  not  ran.  The  trouble  arose  from  a 
long-continued  perversion,  on  the  part  of  Great 
Britain,  of  the  application  of  the  description  of 
the  line  from  where  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of 
latitude  strikes  the  gulf  -of  Georgia.  Thence, 
as  it  was  worded  in  the  treaty,  it  was  to  follow 
"  the  middle  of  the  channel  which  separates  the 
continent  from  Yauccuver's  island,"  and  follow 
it  through  the  Straits  of  Fuca  to  the  ocean.  No 
map  or  chart  was  attached  to  the  treaty  on 
which  the  line  could  be  traced,  and  so  little  was 
really  known  of  the  geography  of  the  gulf  of 
Georgia  that  it  would  have  been  difficult  for  the 
commissioners  to  have  traced  the  middle  of  the 
channel  had  one  been  present.  This  left  open  a 
ground  for  dispute  and  diplomatic  finesse. 

Between  the  continent  and  the  island  of  Van- 
couver lies  an  archipelago,  a  stretch  of  sea  fifty 
or  more  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  sixty  or 
more  from  north  to  south,  in  which  are  thirty- 
nine  islands  that  have  come  under  description 
and  name.  These  range  from  sixtten  miles  to 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  in  length  and  from  fifty- 
four  to  one-half  a  square  mile  in  area.  Through 
these  islands  there  run  ten  channels  southward, 


but  combine  in  three  as  tliey  enter  into  the 
Straits  of  Fuca.  The  one  to  the  eastward  is  the 
Rosario,  the  one  to  the  west  is  the  Canal  de 
Ilaro.  Great  Britain  insisted  on  the  line  tak- 
ing the  eastward, or  Eosario  channel;  the  United 
States  claimed  that  the  real  channel  was  the 
Canal  de  Haro,  or  westward  channel.  What 
was  between  these  channels  was  the  real  object 
of  desire  on  the  part  of  both  the  contending 
parties.  This  was  an  area  of  about  400  square 
miles,  in  which  are  a  number  of  prominent 
islands,  and  some  small  ones,  all  comprising  in 
land  area  about  170  s-qnare  miles.  The  owner- 
ship and  sovereignty  of  these  were  what  was  in- 
volved in  the  settlement  of  the  channel  question. 
The  most  valuable  of  these  was  San  Juan,  con- 
taining fifty-five  square  miles,  mostly  good 
grazing  land,  which  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, whose  center  of  trade  was  now  Victoria 
on  Vancouver  island,  had  been  accustomed  to 
use  as  a  jjasture  for  tiieir  sheep.  The  difference 
between  the  two  channels  was  about  this:  Ro- 
sario had  about  four  miles  width  of  channel  and 
sixty  fathoms  of  water  in  its  greatest  depth, 
while  the  Canal  de  Haro  had  about  six  and  a 
half  miles  of  maximum  width  of  channel,  and 
its  greatest  depth  is  183  fathoms. 

The  debate  over  this  question  was  hardly  less 
tedious  and  perplexing  than  that  which  fixed 
the  terms  of  the  line  at  first.  That  de  Haro 
was  the  channel  intended  as  the  line,  was  too 
plain  for  rational  dispute,  as  no  other  was 
known  at  the  time  the  treaty  was  negotiated. 
It  was  expressly  mentioned,  more  than  once,  at 
the  very  time  and  by  the  very  persons  that  con- 
ducted the  negotiations. 

When  the  commissioners  appointed  by  the 
two  governments  to  nm  the  line  agreed  upon 
in  the  treaty  met  to  accomplish  their  task, 
Captain  Brevost,  for  the  British  Government, 
declared  Rosario  to  be  the  "channel"  of  that 
instrument.  Of  course  this  claim  was  met  by 
Mr.  Campbell  on  the  part  of  the  United  States 
with  rejection.  Then  Lord  Russell  proposed  as 
a  compromise  the  middle,  or  President's  chan- 
nel.     This    was    suggested    because,  while   it 


Ilf.STOnr    OF     WASHINGTON. 


yielded  a  little  in  area  of  water,  it  still  retained 
San  Jnan  island  on  the  r>ritieli  side  of  the  line. 
Lord  Russell  instructed  Lord  Lyons,  the  British 
envoy  to  the  United  States,  that  no  line  would 
be  agreed  upon  that  did  not  leave  that  island 
on  the  British  side  of  it.  Mr.  Lewis  Cass,  oui* 
Secretary  of  State,  met  this  menace — for  such 
it  really  was — with  words  equally  decisive. 
This  ended  the  effort  to  fix  the  line  geographi- 
cally through  this  archipelago.  Then  the  Pa- 
cific pioneers  again  took  it  up.  Twelve  years  had 
passed  sinpe  the  treaty,  and  ministers  of  State 
had  invited  difficulties  and  postponed  decisions. 
These  pioneers  were  as  clear  of  head  as  they 
were  resolute  of  heart.  They  knew  how  to  set- 
tle it;  and  they  tried  their  knowledge  on. 

If  the  line  was  not  determined  they  had  as 
good  a  right  on  San  Juan  island  as  had  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  They  would  go  there. 
Twenty-five  Americans  and  their  families  were 
there, — for  when  was  there  ever  a  pioneer  man 
60'  bold  and  brave  that  he  could  not  find  a 
woman  as  bold  and  brave  as  he  to  accompany 
him  and  brace  his  armor  to  his  breast?  The 
arrogant  Hudson's  Bay  people  were  all  about 
them.  Collisions  were  imminent.  Of  this 
condition  Sir  Robert  Peel  declared  in  the  Brit- 
ish Parliament  it  "  must  probably  involve  both 
countries  in  an  appeal  to  arms  unless  speedily 
terminated." 

The  Oregon  Territorial  legislature,  in  the 
session  of  1852-'53,  included  San  Juan  and  all 
the  islands  in  the  archipelago  in  a  county.  Soon 
after  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  took  formal 
possession  of  the  island,  Oregon  levied  taxes  on 
the  property  of  the  company,  and  when  payment 
was  refused,  the  sheriff  sold  sheep  enough  to  pay 
them.  This  was  the  ready  method  of  the  pio- 
neer; open  the  conflict  on  the  ground  for  which 
the  battle  is  to  be  fought.  Of  course  recrimi- 
nations and  reprisals  followed.  This  was  ex- 
pected. The  local  excitement  increased.  General 
Harney,  commander  of  the  Department  of  the 
Pacific,  in  1859,  landed  461  troops  on  the 
island,  and  instructed  Captain  Pickett — he  of 
the  charge  of  Gettysbni-g — to  protect  Americans 


there.  English  naval  forces,  to  the  nuiiilier  of 
five  ships  of  war,  conveying  167  g\ins,  and  1,940 
men  gathered  near  the  little  island.  The 
Americans  threatened  to  resist  by  force  any 
attempted  landing  of  English  troops.  The 
English  commander  protested  against  military 
occupation  of  San  Juan,  but  to  this  Captain 
Pickett  responded:  "  I,  being  here  under  orders 
from  my  government,  cannot  allow  any  joint 
occupation  until  so  ordered  by  my  commanding 
general.  In  this  he  had  the  approval  of  his 
commander.  But  General  Harney  had  acted 
without  instructions  from  Washington,  and  the 
president  withheld  his  official  approval  of  the 
act  of  taking  possession  of  the  island  in  this 
manner,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  General 
Harney  had  done  so  for  the  protection  of  Ameri- 
can citizens  and  interest  alone,  and  with  no 
reference  to  territorial  acquisitions.  Still  it  was 
obvious  that  the  Government  at  Washington 
was  not  unwilling  that  an  issue  should  be  forced, 
so  that  the  question  woulil  be  settled.  Certainly 
the  pioneers  of  the  Northwest  approved  it. 

In  the  emergency  General  Scott  was  sent  to 
the  field  of  action,  arriving  late  in  1859.  On 
his  way  he  called  *at  Portland,  and  conferred 
with  leading  citizens  and  Territorial  officers. 
The  writer  remembers  him  well  as  he  appeared, 
as  he  walked  the  deck  of  the  Massachusetts,  as 
she  lay  at  the  Portland  wharf,  on  his  way  to  the 
north.  He  had  met  him  once  before,  on  the 
hill  at  the  head  of  "  Lundy's  Lane,"  but  si:^ 
years  before.  General  Scott  went  out  under 
pacific  instructions,  directed  to  bring  about 
'•joint  occupation"  of  San  Juan  until  tiie 
boundary  line  was  settled.  General  Harney 
was  withdrawn  from  command  in  the  Worth- 
west.  It  was  agreed  between  General  Scott  and 
Governor  Douglas  of  Vancouver,  that  100  armed 
men  of  each  party  should  occupy  the  island; 
and  thus  again  the  case  was  remanded  to  di- 
plomacy. But  the  act  of  General  Harney  had 
forced  a  spegdy  adjustment. 

The  next  resort  wf^s  a  proposal  on  the  part  of 
Great  Britain  to  submit  the  question  at  issue 
between  the  two  governments  to  arbitration,  aijd 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


she  named  the  king  of  the  Netherlands,  or  of 
Sweden  and  Norway,  or  the  president  of  the 
Federal  Council  of  Switzerland,  as  the  arbiter. 
This  proposition  was  declined  by  the  United 
States,  and  for  ten  years  the  question  lingered. 
At  length,  on  the  8th  of  May,  1871,  the  ques- 
tion was  given  for  final  arbitration,  without  ap- 
peal, to  Emperor  William  of  Germany. 

For  twenty-five  years,  under  the  finesse  of 
British  diplomacy,  the  treaty  of  June  15,  1846, 
had  waited  for  its  execution.  Its  interpretation 
was  the  last  question  of  territorial  right  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  It  was 
eminently  fitting  that  George  Bancroft,  who  was 
secretary  of  the  navy  when  the  treaty  was  ne- 
gotiated, and  was  now  the  only  remaining  mem- 
ber of  the  administration  that  negotiated  it, 
should  be  chosen  to  expound  the  treaty  to  the 
German  emperor  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States.  His  memorial  of  120  octavo  pages  is 
one  of  the  most  finislied  and  unanswerable  di- 
plomatic arguments  ever  produced.  Each  party 
presented  a  memorial  setting  forth  its  case. 
These  memorials  were  then  interchanged  and  re- 
plies were  presented  by  each.    These  four  papers 


the  emperor  laid  before  three  eminent  jurists, 
besides  giving  them  his  personal  attention. 
After  a  full  and  faithful  examination  of  the 
submitted  case  the  emperor  decreed  this  award: 

"  Most  in  accordance  with  the  true  interpre- 
tations of  the  treaty  concluded  on  the  15th  of 
June,  1856,  between  the  Government  of  her 
Britannic  Majesty  and  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  is  the  claim  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  that  the  boundary  line  between 
the  territories  of  her  Britannic  Majesty  and  the 
United  States  should  be  drawn  tlinuigh  the  Haro 
channel.  Authenticated  by  our  autograph  sig- 
nature, and  the  impression  of  the  Imperial 
Great  Seal.  Given  at  Berlin  October  the  21st, 
1872."  Thus  the  end  of  the  long  controversy 
came. 

For  over  ninety-two  years,  the  two  great 
English-speaking  nations  of  the  world  had  beeu 
trying  to  decide  upon  a  line  that  should  divide 
between  them  from  sea  to  sea,  and  at  Berlin, 
and  by  the  Emperor  William,  the  last  and  defi- 
nite word  was  spoken,  and  the  controversy  was 
ended. 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINQTON. 


CHAPTER    VII. 

FIRST  AMERICAN  SETTLEMENT. 

Astoria — Charactee  of  Early  Trade — John  Jacob  Astoe — Jefferson's  Letter  to  Astoe — 
The  Pacific  Fur  Company — Its  Members — The  Ship  Tonqdin — Aeeival  at  the  Colum- 
bia— Overland  Company — Wilson  Price  Hunt — Up  the  Missouri — Over  the  Mountains — 
Wrecked  on  Snake  River — In  Snake  River  Desert — Appalling  Obstacles — Company 
Reach  Astoria — The  Ship  Tonquin  Again — Landing  at  Astoria — Tonquin  Sails  North — 
Trading  with  the  Natives — Destruction  of  the  Tonquin — Irvinq's  Account — Alexan- 
der McKay' — Affairs  at  Astoria — The  Northwestern  Company'  and  McBougal — Arri- 
val OF  Ship  Beaver — Mackenzie  and  the  Northwestern  Company — Gathering  of  the 
Partners  at  Astoria — British  Wae  Ship  Expected — Expedition  foe  the  Relief  of  As- 
toria Abandoned — Negotiations  with  Northwestern  Company — Astoria  Suerendered 
TO  THAT  Company — Aeeival  of  Me.   Hunt — Astoeia    Returned    to    the    United    States 

AFTER     THE    ClOSE    OF    THE    WaR. 


I[  T  will  be  hanl  to  pnt  into  a  brief  chapter  a  his- 
tory which  the  genius  of  an  Irving  has  woven 
-^  into  a  volume  that  has  become  a  classic  of 
romance  and  adventure;  but  the  integrity  of 
our  purpose  demands  that  the  trial  be  made. 
Other  chapters  of  this  book  have  related  the 
events  that  led  up  to  the  magnificent  enterprise 
of  John  Jacob  Astor  in  his  attempt  to  found  a 
colony  and  establish  a  great  commerce  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  hence  it  is  not  needful  even  to 
recapitulate.  It  may,  however,  be  proper  to 
state,  in  an  introductory  paragraph,  that  the 
trade  of  the  Pacific  coast,  including  that  on  the 
Columbia  river,  during  the  first  decade  of  the 
present  century,  was  largely  of  a  fugitive  char- 
acter, or  in  other  words,  was  the  commerce  of 
individual  adventure  rather  than  of  organized 
companies  recognized  by  national  law  and  sus- 
tained by  national  authority.  The  individuals 
that  conducted  it,  might,  and  indeed  often  did, 
represent  wealthy  and  long-established  houses  in 
cities  on  the  other  side  of  the  world,  but  their 
field  of  operations  were  so  distant  and  their  trade 
was  encompassed  by  so  many  contingencies  in- 
cident to  the  character  of  the  people  with  whom 
they  dealt,  that  they  might  well  be  considered 
"adventurers."  France,  having  transferred  all 
lier  interests  of  territory  and  trade  to  the  United 


States,  was  out  of  the  line  of  competition,  either 
for  place  or  profit.  England,  with  her  usual 
greed,  grasped  eagerly  at  both.  The  United 
States  had  legitimately  inherited  the  loftier 
part  of  English  ambition  for  greatness  and  gain, 
and  of  course  she  claimed,  as  of  right,  freedom 
for  trade  and  the  occupancy  of  her  citizens  in  all 
the  westward  regions  to  the  sea.  Her  technical 
claim  was,  as  wir  have  seen  elsewhere,  founded 
on  the  discovery  of  the  Columbia  river  by  Cap- 
tain Gray  in  1792,  on  the  explorations  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  continued  from  the  springs  in  the 
mountains  to  the  discharge  between  the  capes 
into  the  ocean  of  the  mighty  Columbia  in  1805, 
and  by  later  purchase,  from  the  Government  of 
France,  in  1804,  of  all  her  rights  of  territory,  and 
every  other  right  she  held,  in  the  vast  Louisiana 


country 
Pacific. 


Btretcl; 


from  the    Missouri   to  the 


England's  technical  rights  were  based 
on  alleged  discoveries  by  Captain  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Captain  Cook,  Captain  Vancouver,  and 
the  explorations  of  Alexander  Mackenzie.  Thus, 
in  the  assertion  of  these  technical  claims  to 
Oregon,  and  in  the  effort  of  each  to  validate 
these  claims  as  against  the  other,  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain  stood  face  to  face  in 
the  opening  of  the  long  and  final  struggle  that 
woiild  forever   determine   whether  that    region 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


should  be  American  or  British — the  struggle 
for  actual  possession,  during  the  iirst  decade  of 
the  century. 

The  influence  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  as  our  readers 
know,  was  then  potent  in  American  affairs,  and 
he  earnestly  sought  American  supremacy'  on  the 
Paciiic  coast.  John  Jacob  Astor  was  then  a  cen- 
tral figure  in  American  commercial  enterprises, 
and  had  already  extended  his  ventures  beyond 
the  great  lakes  and  the  headwaters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. His  attention  was  attracted  to  the 
vast  region  westward  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
and  he  resolved  to  carry  into  them  the  commer- 
cial force  of  an  organized  company  to  supplant 
the  fugitive  trade  of  the  independent  rovers  of 
the  wilderness  and  the  sea.  With  the  prescience 
of  a  statesman,  as  well  as  with  the  genius  of  the 
merchant,  he  resolved  to  establish  a  great  cen- 
tral post  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  where 
the  drainage  of  ahnost  half  a  continent  meets 
the  waters  of  the  mightest  ocean  of  the  globe, 
and  forms  a  port  for  the  world's  greatest  flow  of 
trade.  Mr.  Jefferson  and  the  most  intelligent 
and  far-seeing  statesman  of  the  country  gave 
him  encouragement  and  counsel.  They  foresaw, 
as  in  the  vision  of  a  clear  prophecy,  what  we 
read  now  as  a  marvelous  history.  Later,  Mr. 
Jefferson,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Astor,  thus  ex- 
pressed his  own  views  of  the  enterprise  the 
latter  had  undertaken,  in  these  words: 

"I  considered  it  as  a  great  public  acquisition, 
the  commencement  of  a  settlement  in  that  part 
of  the  western  coast  of  America,  and  looked  for- 
ward with  gratification  to  the  time  when  its  de- 
scendants had  spread  themselves  through  the 
whole  length  of  the  coast,  covering  it  with  free 
and  independent  Americans,  unconnected  with 
us  but  by  the  ties  of  blood  and  interest,  and 
enjoying  like  us  the  rights  of  self-government." 

The  pen  is  moved  to  draw  the  contrast  between 
this  forecast  of  this  great  American  statesman 
and  the  fulfillments  of  history,  but  must  forbear. 
In  these  influences  and  under  sneli  inspirations 
■was  the  inception  of  Astoria. 

Mr.  Astor's  plan  for  the  organization  of  tlie 
Astoria  Company- -or,  as   it  was  called,  the  Pa- 


cific Fur  Company — was  broad  and  comprehen- 
sive. It  contemplated  both  a  land  expedition 
to  cross  the  continent,  and  the  dispatch  of  a 
vessel  around  cape  Horn,  and  the  two  were  to 
meet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  Every  con- 
tingency that  money  could  provide  for  was  an- 
ticipated. There  was,  however,  an  element  of 
weakness  introduced  in  the  organization  that, 
from  an  early  date,  seriously  interfered  with  its 
work,  and  we  think  finally  proved  its  overthrow. 
It  was  this: 

Though  tl)is  was  an  American  enterprise  Mr. 
Astor  did  not  sufficiently  appreciate  the  neces- 
sity of  making  the  personnel  of  his  company 
American.  He  himself  was  a  German  by  birth, 
and,  chough  he  had  achieved  his  great  commer- 
cial success  under  the  fostering  freedom  of 
American  institutions,  and  was  personally  an 
American  in  the  purpose  and  spirit  of  his  life, 
hardly  realized  that  all  of  foreign  birth  who  are 
in  America  are  not  of  America.  Hence,  in  se- 
lecting his  partners,  though  he  chose  men  of 
great  experience  and  ability  in  the  kind  of  trade 
upon  which  he  was  adventuring,  he  selected  for 
leading  partnert-hips  several  who  had  belonged 
to  the  Northwest  Campany,  which  was  always 
distinctively  British  in  purpose  as  well  as  in 
relation.  While  for  trade  alone  they  were  ade- 
quate, to  any  patriotic  American  purposes  they 
were  alien  in  thought  and  sympathy.  They 
were  in  the  company  of  Mr.  Astor  for  profit, 
not  American  patriotism.  These  men  were 
Alexander  McKay,  who  had  accompanied  Mac- 
kenzie on  both  his  great  journeys,  Duncan 
McDougal,  David  Stuart,  Robert  Stuart  and 
Donald  McKenzie.  As  a  providence  against 
future  difliculties  between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  in  the  regions  whither  they  were 
bound,  these  gentlemen  provided  themselves 
with  proofs  of  their  British  citizenship,  while 
they  trusted  to  their  association  with  an  Ameri- 
can enterprise  to  shelter  them  under  the 
eagle's  wings.  Only  one  American,  Wilson 
Price  Hunt,  of  New  Jersey,  was  an  interested 
partner  from  the  first;  hut  to  him  was  instructed 
the  management  of  the  enterprise.      So  far  these 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


details  of  the  organization  are  necessary  if  we 
would  understand  the  causes  that  produced  re- 
sults to  which  we  shall  presently  come. 

In  carrying  forward  his  plans  Mr.  Astor  pur- 
chased and  equipped  the  ship  Tonqiiin,  com- 
manded by  Captain  Jonathan  Thorn,  a  lieuten- 
ant of  the  American  navy  on  furlough.  She 
mounted  ten  guns,  had  a  crew  of  twenty  men, 
and  was  freighted  with  a  large  cargo  of  supplies 
for  the  company  and  of  merchandise  for  trade 
with  the  people  of  the  coast.  She  carried  also 
the  frame  of  a  small  schooner  for  use  in  the 
coastwise  trade.  As  passengers  she  had  McKay, 
McDongal,  the  two  Stuarts,  twelve  clerks, 
several  citizens  and  thirteen  Canadian  voya- 
genrs.  The  Tonquin  sailed  from  New  York 
for  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  on  the  2d 
day  of  August,  1810.  Nothing  in  her  voyage 
is  to  be  specially  noted,  except  it  may  be  some 
conflict  of  authority  between  Captain  Thorn,  a 
thorough  American,  and  the  Scotch  Mc's  and 
Stuarts  on  board,  whom  he  persisted  in  treating 
as  mere  passengers,  while  they  claimed  the  con- 
sideration of  owners  and  employers.  In  this 
there  was  a  slight  omen  of  the  trouble  that  was 
to  follow. 

The  Tonqnin  arrived  off  the  bar  of  the  Co- 
lumbia on  the  22d  day  of  March,  1811.  The 
bar  was  rough  and  the  breakers  rolled  high. 
Captain  Thorn  ordered  Mr.  Fox,  the  first  mate 
of  the  ship,  to  take  a  boat's  crew  of  one  seaman 
and  three  Canadian  voyageurs  and  explore  the 
channel.  The  boat  was  launched  and  put  forth, 
but  soon  disappeared  and  all  on  board  wei-e  lost. 
The  next  day  another  boat  was  sent  out  on  the 
same  errand,  but  was  swept  out  to  sea  and  only 
one  of  its  crew  reached  the  shore.  Just  as  the 
second  night  of  gloom  was  settling  down  on  the 
dreaded  bar  the  Tonquin  succeeded  in  crossing, 
and  anchoring  just  within.  But  the  night  was 
an  anxious  and  fearful  one.  The  wind  threatened 
every  moment  to  sweep  the  vessel  on  the  sands 
among  the  rolling  breakers.  But  the  night 
passed  with  the  anchors  of  the  ship  still  safely 
holding,  and  in  the  morning  she  passed  safely 
in  and  again  cast  her  anchors  in  a  good  harbor. 


With  the  Tonquin  safely  moored  in  the  Colum- 
bia river,  we  turn  to  trace  the  course  of  that  part 
of  the  great  expedition  that  had  directed  its 
course  over  the  Kocky  mountains  for  the  same 
point. 

This  party  was  entrusted  to  Wilson  Price 
Hunt.  It  was  composed  of  McKenzie  and 
three  new  partners  in  the  company, — Rumsay 
Crooks,  Hobert  McClellan  and  Joseph  Miller. 
Besides  were  John  Day,  a  noted  Kentucky  hun- 
ter; Pierre  Dorion,  a  French  half-breed,  who 
was  taken  as  interpreter;  and  enough  trappers 
and  voyageurs  to  make  up  a  complement  of  sixty 
men.  They  left  the  frontier  settlements  west 
of  the  Missouri  in  the  spring  of  1811,  and  pur- 
sued the  usual  course  of  travel  up  the  Missouri 
river  in  canoes  and  barges  to  the  Mandan  coun- 
try, thence  with  horses  across  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains to  the  waters  that  flow  toward  the  Pacific. 
To  accomplish  this  required  all  the  summer  and 
part  of  the  autumn,  and  the  party  reached  Fort 
Henry,  on  Snake  river,  on  the  8th  of  October, 
1811.  After  detaching  some  small  parties  of 
hunters  and  trappers,  who  were  to  use  Fort 
Henry  as  their  base  of  supplies,  the  main  ])arty 
under  Mr.  Hunt,  embarked  in  canoes,  which 
they  had  constructed  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  continued  their  journey  down  that  treach- 
erous and  turbulent  stream.  Without  much 
trouble,  and  cheered  by  the  wild  notes  of  their 
Canadian  boatmen's  song,  they  swept  swiftly 
down  the  river  between  the  willowed  banks  that 
channel  its  fiow,  for  a  few  days,  when  their 
frail  canoes  were  suddenly  swept  into  the  roar- 
ing rapids  of  what  is  now  known  as  "  American 
Falls,"  and  their  voyaging  came  to  a  quick  and 
disasti'ous  end.  Just  below  them  the  river 
dropped  into  a  great,  black  chasm,  through 
which  it  roared  and  foamed  for  many  miles, 
making  leap  after  leap  over  the  edge  of  basaltic 
precipices  into  the  deeper  depths  that  seemed 
ever  opening  below.  In  this  one  moment  the 
expedition  seemed  to  be  hopelessly  defeated, 
and  all  sat  down  for  the  time   gloomy  and  dis- 


irited.     One  of  their  best  men 


been  lost 


in  the  roai'ing  rapids,  and  some  of  their  canoes 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


huDg  broken  wrecks  upon  the  rocks  in  ilie  midst 
of  the  Falls.  But  with  such  men  iu  such  enter- 
prises, despair  soon  gives  place  to  new  resolu- 
tion, and  so  Mr.  Hunt  was  soon  rallying  his 
men  for  new  and  more  desperate  effort. 

They  were  now  in  a  most  inhospitable  coun- 
try; a  dreary  desert  without  tree  or  fruit  or 
game,  and  winter  was  settling  rapidly  down 
upon  them.  Nothing  renjained  for  them  but 
to  cache  their  baggage  and  merchandise,  and, 
separating  into  smaller  parties  the  better  to 
obtain  food  in  their  journeyings,  each  make  the 
best  of  its  way  toward  the  coast  on  foot.  How 
far  they  were  from  the  goal  of  their  journey 
they  did  not  know.  It  was  a  dark  and  desperate 
venture  that  they  looked  in  tlie  face,  but  it  were 
better  than  to  lie  quiet  where  they  were,  for 
that  wvve  sure  and  speedy  death  by  starvation. 
One  party  under  McKenzie  struck  off  toward 
the  north,  hoping  to  reach  the  Columbia,  which 
tliey  l.ielieved  must  lay  in  that  direction;  one 
under  Crooks  pursued  its  way  down  the  south 
bank  of  Snake  river,  and  one  under  Hunt  down 
its  northern  shore.  The  company  of  McKenzie 
disappeared  under  the  dim  horizon  of  the  great 
and  terrible  desert  to  the  north  and  west  of  the 
dread  "Cauldron  Linn,"  as  the  shipwrecked 
party  called  the  place  where  their  canoe  voyage 
so  fatally  ended.  The  mountain  ranges  crowded 
them  to  the  west  of  their  intended  course,  but 
put  them  on  the  arc  of  a  circle  described  by 
Snake  river,  and  thus  brought  them  to  that 
stream  again  about  250  miles  from  their  start- 
ing point.  The  other  parties,  by  following  the 
stream,  described  the  circle,  and  hence  McKen- 
zie's  party  came  out  ahead,  and  after  reaching 
the  river  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Blue  mountains, 
followed  it  down  until  they  reached  the  Colum- 
bia. The  parties  of  Hunt  and  Crooks  toiled 
wearily  down  over  the  seamed  and  cinereous 
lava  plains  that  border  Snake  river,  in  a  great 
rent  of  which  the  river  itself  flows  a  thousand 
feet  below  the  general  surface  of  the  plains, 
famishing  for  water  and  almost  starving  for 
food.  The  most  of  the  way  only  this  impassa- 
ble gorge  was  between    them.     Sometimes  they 


were  in  sight  of  each  other,  and  when  they 
reached  the  point  where  the  river  enters  its 
iron  gorge  through  the  Blue  mountains  they 
encamped  with  only  its  turbulent  current  sep- 
arating them.  Both  parties  were  in  a  starving 
condition,  but  that  of  Mr.  Hunt  had  that  day 
captured  a  horse  that  belonged  to  a  small  camp 
of  Indians,  who  fled  at  their  approach,  and  had 
killed  and  was  cooking  it  for  supper.  After  a 
canoe  had  been  constructed  out  of  skins  some 
of  the  meat  was  taken  across  to  the  other  party. 
On  its  second  voyage  a  man,  rendered  delirious 
by  famine,  upset  the  canoe,  was  swept  away  and 
drowned.  This  was  on  the  20th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1811.  On  the  23d  day  Mr.  Hunt's  party 
crossed  to  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  the 
two  parties,  numbering  thirty-six  men  in  all, 
were  again  united,  not  far  from  where  the  Union 
Pacific  Kailroad  now  crosses  Snake  river,  near 
the  town  of  Huntington.  Appalled  by  the 
apparently  insujjerable  obstacles  before  them, 
three  of  tlie  men  wished  to  remain  where  they 
were  rather  than  venture  the  snowy  passes  of 
the  mountain  ranges  that  stood  liKe  battlements 
of  ice  before  them.  The  remainder  struggled 
wearily  on,  reaching  the  valley  of  Grande  Ronde 
on  the  last  day  of  1811.  In  a  forlorn  way  the 
company  celebrated  the  festival  of  the  new  year 
in  the  beautiful  valley  of  Grande  Ronde — a 
paradise  of  green  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness 
desert  of  ice  and  snow.  With  great  difliculty 
and  suffering  the  Blue  mountains  were  passed, 
and  on  the  8th  day  of  January  they  came  down 
upon  the  (Jmatilla  river,  and  found  food  and 
hospitable  entertainment  at  an  Indian  village 
on  its  banks.  The  mountain  barriers  were  now 
passed,  and  their  route  was  now  down  the  open 
way  of  the  Umatilla  and  Columbia  rivers  to  the 
ocean.  They  arrived  at  Astoria  on  the  15th  day 
of  February,  1814.  The  party  of  McKenzie 
having  gained  some  days  on  those  of  Hunt  and 
Crooks  by  its  shorter  route  and  easier  traveling, 
had  passed  down  the  Snake  river  to  the  Colum- 
bia, and  down  that  to  the  ocean;  and,  having 
reached  Astoria  a  month  before  those  of  Hunt 
and  Crooks,  stood  on  the  banks   of  the  river  as 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


the  latter  landed,  the  first  to  welcome  their  old 
companions  to  the  rest  and  bounty  of  Astoria. 

When  we  began  to  trace  the  jonrney  of  the 
land  portion  of  Mr.  Astor's  great  exposition, 
we  left  the  good  ship  Tonquin  at  anchor  in  the 
bay  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  It  is  suit- 
able that  we  return  now  and  take  up  her  thrill- 
ing story. 

Early  in  April,  1811,  the  partners  who  had 
come  out  in  the  Tonquin  began  the  erection  of 
a  fort  on  the  south  side  of  the  river.  Lieuten- 
ant Broughton,  of  Vancouver's  expedition,  with 
the  usual  British  partiality  to  royal  nomencla- 
ture, had  given  it  tiie  name  of  "Point  George;" 
but  this  party,  ostensibly  rejjresenting  the 
American  spirit  and  purpose,  called  it  "As- 
toria," in  honor  of  the  founder  and  chief  pro- 
moter of  the  enterprise.  This  was  the  first  real 
step  in  the  actual  possession  of  Oregon  by  the 
American  people.  Though  there  was  much 
disagreement  among  the  partners  of  the  com- 
pany in  regard  to  points  of  authority  and 
etiquette,  as  well  as  between  them  and  Captain 
Thorn,  by  the  Ist  of  June  a  storehouse  was 
built  and  the  supplies  landed.  Captain  Thorn 
was  impatient  to  pi-oceed  up  the  northwest 
coast  to  open  communication  with  the  Russian 
settlements  and  engage  in  trade  with  the  In- 
dians, and  accordingly  as  soon  as  his  vessel  was 
cleared  of  her  load,  on  the  oth  day  of  June, 
even  before  the  fort  was  completed,  he  got 
under  weigh,  sailed  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  turned  the  prow  of  the  Tonquin  to  tiie 
north.  With  him  was  Mr.  McKay,  one  of  Mr. 
Astor's  partners,  probably  the  most  considerate 
and  thoughtful  of  all  tliose  thus  intimately  and 
prominently  associated  with  Mr.  As  tor  in  this 
great  venture.  The  vessel  proceeded  on  her 
voyage,  and  in  a  few  days  came  to  anchor  in 
one  of  the  numerous  harbors  on  the  west  shore 
of  Vancouver  Island.  Mr.  McKay  went  on 
shore.  During  his  absence  the  vessel  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  vast  number  of  the  savages. 
Soon  the  deck  of  the  vessel  was  covered  by  the 
swarthy  multitude.  They  were  eager  to  trade, 
but  demanded  a  higher  price  for  their  furs  than 


Captain  Thorn  was  willing  to  pay.  Their 
stubbornness  provoked  the  irascible  captain  to 
to  anger,  and  he  refused  to  deal  with  them  at 
all.  Seizing  the  chief  of  the  band  who  had 
been  following  the  captain  about  the  deck  and 
taunting  him  with  his  stinginess,  he  rubbed  an 
otter  skin  in  his  face,  and  then  somewhat  vio- 
lently ordered  the  whole  band  to  leave  the 
vessel,  enforcing  his  command  by  blows.  Dur- 
ing this  misadventure  Mr.  McKay  was  on  shore 
— an  ill-starred  fact  for  the  vessel  and  expedi- 
tion. Wiiat  followed  is  related  with  such  cir- 
cumstantial fidelity  by  Mr.  Irving  in  his 
"Astoria,"  and  it  bears  such  an  important,  if 
not  decisive,  relation  to  the  ultimate  result  of 
the  whole  enterprise,  that  we  transcribe  it  for 
these  pages.     Mr.  Irving  says: 

When  Mr.  McKay  came  on  board,  the  inter- 
preter related  what  had  passed,  and  begged  him 
to  prevail  on  the  captain  to  make  sail,  as,  from 
his  knowledge  of  the  temper  and  pride  of  the 
people  of  that  place,  he  was  sure  that  they 
would  resent  the  indignity  offered  to  one  of 
their  chiefs.  Mr.  McKay,  who  himself  possessed 
some  experience  of  Indian  character,  went  to  tlie 
captain,  wiio  was  still  pacing  the  deck  in  moody 
humor,  represented  the  danger  to  which  his 
hasty  act  had  exposed  the  vessel,  and  urged 
upon  him  to  weigh  anchor.  The  captain  made 
light  of  his  counsels,  and  pointed  to  his  cannon 
and  firearms  as  a  sufficient  protection  against 
naked  savages.  Further  remonstrances  only 
provoked  taunting  replies  and  sharp  altercations. 
The  day  passed  away  without  any  signs  of  hos- 
tility, and  at  night  the  captain  retired,  as  usual, 
to  his  cabin,  taking  no  more  than  usual  precau- 
tions. On  the  following  morning,  at  daybreak,' 
while  the  captain  and  Mr.  McKay  were  yet 
asleep,  a  canoe  came  alongside  in  which  were 
twenty  Indians,  commanded  by  young  Shewish. 
They  were  unarmed,  their  aspect  and  demeanor 
friendly,  and  they  held  up  otter  skins,  and  made 
signs  indicative  of  a  desire  to  trade.  The  cau- 
tion of  Mr.  Astor  in  regard  to  admitting  In- 
dians on  board  the  ship  had  been  neglected  for 
some   time   past,   and   the  officer  of   the  watch. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


perceiving  tliose  in  the  canoe  to  be  without 
weapons,  and  having  received  no  orders  to  the 
contrary,  readily  permitted  them  to  mount  the 
deck.  Another  canoe  soon  succeeded,  the  crew 
of  whicli  was  also  admitted.  In  a  little  while 
other  canoes  came  off,  and  Indiana  were  soon 
clambering  into  the  vessel  on  all  sides. 

The  officer  of  the  watch  now  felt  alarmed,  and 
called  to  Captain  Thorn  and  Mr.  McKay.  By 
the  time  they  came  on  deck  it  was  thronged 
with  Indians.  The  interpreter  remarked  to  Mr. 
McKay  that  many  of  the  Indians  wore  short 
mantles  of  skins,  and  intimated  a  suspicion  that 
they  were  secretly  armed.  Mr.  McKay  urged 
the  captain  to  clear  the  sliip  and  get  under 
weigh.  He  again  made  light  of  the  advice,  but 
the  augumented  swarms  of  canoes  about  the 
ship,  and  the  numbers  still  putting  off  from  the 
shore,  at  length  awakened  his  distrust,  and  he 
ordered  some  of  the  crew  to  weigh  anchor,  while 
some  were  eent  aloft  to  make  sail.  The  Indians 
now  offered  to  trade  with  the  captain  on  his  own 
terms,  prompted  apparently  by  the  apjiroaching 
departure  of  the  ship:  accordingly  a  iiurried 
trade  wae  commenced.  The  main  article  sought 
by  the  Indians  in  barter  were  knives;  as  fast  as 
some  are  supplied  they  moved  off,  and  others 
succeeded.  By  degrees  they  were  thus  dis- 
tributed about  the  deck,  and  all  with  weapons. 
The  anchor  was  now  nearly  up,  the  sails  were 
loose,  and  the  captain  in  a  loud  and  peremptory 
voice  ordered  the  ship  to  be  cleared.  In  an  in- 
stant a  signal  yell  was  given;  it  was  echoed  on 
every  side,  knives  and  war  clubs  were  brand- 
ished in  every  direction,  and  the  savages  rushed 
upon  their  marked  victims. 

The  first  that  fell  was  Mr.  Lewis,  the  ship's 
clerk.  He  was  leaning  with  folded  arms  on  a 
bale  of  blankets,  engaged  in  bargaining,  when 
he  received  a  deadly  stab  in  the  back,  and  fell 
down  the  companion-way.  Mr.  McKay,  who 
was  seated  on  the  taffrail,  sprang  to  his  feet, 
but  was  instantly  knocked  down  with  a  war 
club  and  Hung  backward  into  the  sea,  when  he 
was  dispatched  by  the  women  in  the  canoes. 
In  the  meaiitinie  Captain  Thorn  made  a  desper- 


ate tight  against  fearful  odds.  He  was  a  pow- 
erful as  well  as  a  resolute  man,  but  he  came  on 
deck  without  weapons.  Shewish,  the  young 
chief,  singled  him  out  as  his  peculiar  prey,  and 
rushed  upon  him  at  the  first  outbreak.  The 
captain  had  hardly  time  to  draw  a  clasp-knife, 
with  one  blow  of  which  he  laid  the  young  sav- 
age dead  at  his  feet.  Several  of  the  stoutest 
followers  of  young  Shewish  now  set  upon  him. 
He  defended  himself  vigorously,  dealing  crip- 
pling blows  right  and  left,  strewing  the  quarter- 
deck with  slain  and  wounded.  His  object  was 
to  fight  his  way  to  the  cabin,  where  there  were 
firearms,  but  he  was  hemmed  in  with  foes,  cov- 
ered with  wounds  and  faint  with  loss  of  blood. 
For  an  instant  he  leaned  upon  the  tiller  wheel, 
when  a  blow  from  behind  with  a  war  club  felled 
him  to  the  deck,  when  he  was  dispatched  with 
knives  and  thrown  overboard. 

While  this  was  transacting  upon  the  quarter- 
deck, a  chance-medley  was  going  on  throughout 
the  ship.  The  crew  fought  desperately  with 
knives,  handspikes,  and  whatever  weapons  they 
could  seize  upon  in  the  moment  of  surprise. 
They  were  soon,  however,  overpowered  by  num- 
bers and  mercilessly  butchered.  As  to  the  seven 
who  had  been  sent  aloft  to  make  sail,  tliey  con- 
templated with  horror  the  carnage  that  was 
going  on  below.  Being  destitute  of  weapons 
they  let  themselves  down  by  the  running  rig- 
ging, in  hopes  of  getting  between  decks.  One 
fell  in  the  attempt  and  was  immediately  dis- 
patched; another  received  a  death-blow  in  the 
back  as  he  was  descending;  a  third,  Stephen 
Weeks,  the  armorer,  was  mortally  wounded  as 
he  was  getting  down  the  hatchway.  The  re- 
maining few  made  good  their  retreat  into  the 
cabin,  where  they  found  Mr.  Lewis  still  alive, 
though  mortally  wounded.  Barricading  the 
cabin  door,  they  broke  holes  through  the  com- 
panion-way, and,  with  muskets  and  ammunition 
which  were  at  hand,  opened  a  brisk  fire  that 
soon  cleared  the  deck.  Thus  far  the  Indian 
interpreter,  from  whom  these  particulars  are 
derived,  had  been  an  eye-witness  of  the  deadly 
conflict.      He  had  taken  no  part  in  it  and  had 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


60 


been  spared  by  the  natives  as  being  of  their  race. 
In  the  confusion  of  the  inonient  he  took  refuge 
with  the  rest  in  the  canoes.  The  survivors  of 
tlie  event  now  sallied  forth  and  discharged  some 
of  the  deck  guns,  wliich  did  great  execution 
among  the  canoes  and  drove  all  the  savages  to 
tlie  shore. 

For  tlie  remainder  of  tlie  day  no  one  ventured 
to  put  off  to  the  ship,  deterred  by  the  effects  of 
the  firearms.  The  night  passed  away  without 
any  furtlier  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  natives. 
When  day  dawned  tlie  Tonquiu  still  lay  at  an- 
chor in  the  hay,  her  sails  all  loose  and  flapping 
in  the  wind,  and  no  one  apparently  on  board  of 
her.  After  a  time  some  of  the  savages  ventured 
to  reconnoiter,  taking  with  them  the  interpre- 
ter. They  huddled  about  her,  keeping  cautiously 
at  a  distance,  but  growing  more  and  more  em- 
boldened at  seeing  her  quiet  and  lifeless.  One 
man  at  length  made  his  appearance  on  the  deck 
and  was  recognized  by  the  interpreter  as  Mr. 
Lewis.  He  made  friendly  signs  and  invited 
them  on  board.  It  was  long  before  they  ven- 
tured to  comply.  Those  who  mounted  the  deck 
were  met  with  no  opposition,  for  Mr.  Lewis, 
after  inviting  them,  had  disappeared.  Other 
canoes  now  passed  forward  to  board  the  prize; 
the  decks  were  soon  crowded  and  the  sides 
covered  with  clambering  savages,  all  intent  on 
plunder.  In  tiie  midst  of  their  eagerness  and 
exultation,  the  ship  blew  up  with  a  tremendous 
explosion.  Arms,  legs  and  mutilated  bodies 
were  blown  into  the  air,  and  dreadful  havoc  was 
made  in  the  surrounding  canoes.  The  interpre- 
ter was  in  the  main  chains  at  the  time  of  the 
explosion,  and  was  thrown  unhurt  into  the 
water,  when  he  succeeded  in  getting  into  one  of 
the  canoes.  According  to  his  statement  the  bay 
presented  an  awful  spectacle  after  the  catastro- 
phe. The  ship  had  disappeared,  but  the  bay 
was  covered  with  fragments  of  the  wreck,  with 
shattered  canoes  and  Indians  swimming  for 
their  lives  and  struggling  in  the  agonies  of 
death,  while  those  who  had  escaped  the  danger 
remained  aghast  and  stupetied,  or  made  with 
frantic   panic  for   the   shore.     Upward   of  100 


savages  were  destroyed  by  the  explosion,  maT)y 
more  were  shockingly  mutilated,  and  for  days 
afterward  the  limbs  and  bodies  of  the  slain  were 
thrown  upon  the  beach. 

The  inhabitants  of  Newectec  were  over- 
whelmed with  consternation  at  the  astounding 
calamity  which  had  burst  upon  them  at  the  very 
moment  of  triumph.  The  warriors  sat  mute  and 
mournful,  while  the  women  filled  the  air  with 
loud  lamentations.  Their  weeping  and  wailing, 
however,  were  suddenly  changed  into  yells  of 
fury  at  the  sight  of  four  unfortunate  white  men 
brought  captive  into  the  village.  They  had 
been  driven  ashore  in  one  of  the  ship's  boats, 
and  taken  at  some  distance  along  the  coast. 
The  interpreter  was  permitted  to  converse  with 
them.  They  proved  to  be  the  four  brave  fel- 
lows who  had  made  such  a  desperate  defense 
from  the  cabin.  The  interpreter  gathered  from 
them  some  of  the  particulars  already  related. 
They  told  him  further,  that,  after  they  had 
beaten  off  the  enemy  and  cleared  the  ship,  Lewis 
advised  that  they  shoxild  slip  the  cable  and  en- 
deavor to  go  to  sea.  They  declined  to  take  his 
advice,  alleging  that  the  wind  set  too  strongly 
into  the  bay  and  would  drive  them  on  shore. 
They  resolved,  as  soon  as  it  was  dark,  to  put  off 
quietly  in  the  ship's  boat,  which  they  would  be 
able  to  do  unperceived,  and  to  coast  along  back 
to  Astoria.  They  put  their  resolution  into  effect, 
but  Lewis  refused  to  accompany  them,  being 
disabled  by  his  M^ound,  hopeless  of  escape,  and 
determined  on  a  terrible  revenge.  On  the  voy- 
age he  had  frequently  expressed  a  presentiment 
that  he  should  die  by  his  own  hands,  thinking 
it  highly  probable  that  he  should  be  engaged  in 
some  contest  with  the  natives,  and  being  resolved 
in  case  of  extremity  to  commit  suicide  rather 
than  be  made  a  prisoner.  He  now  declared  his 
intention  to  remain  on  tiie  ship  until  daylight, 
to  decoy  as  many  of  the  savages  on  board  the 
ship  as  possible,  then  set  fire  to  the  pow-der 
magazine  and  terminate  his  life  by  a  simple  act 
of  vengeance.  How  well  he  succeeded  has  been 
shown.  His  companions  bade  him  a  melan- 
choly adieu  and  set  off  on   their  precarious  ex- 


HISTORY    OF    WASEINGTON. 


pedition.  They  strove  with  might  and  main 
to  get  out  of  the  bay,  but  found  it  impossible 
to  weather  a  point  of  land,  and  were  at  length 
comjieiled  to  take  shelter  in  a  small  cove,  where 
they  hoped  to  remain  concealed  until  the  wiad 
should  be  more  favorable.  Exhausted  by  fatigue 
and  watching,  they  fell  into  a  sound  sleep,  and 
in  tliat  state  were  surprised  by  the  savages. 
Better  had  it  been'for  these  unfortunate  men 
if  they  had  remained  with  Lewis  and  shared  his 
heroic  death;  as  it  was  they  perished  in  a  more 
painful  and  protracted  manner,  being  sacrificed 
by  the  natives  to  tiie  manes  of  their  friends, 
with  all  the  lingering  tortures  of  savage  cruelty. 
Some  time  after  their  death,  the  interpreter, 
who  had  remained  a  kind  of  prisoner-at-large, 
effected  his  escape  and  brought  the  tragical 
tidings  to  Astoria. 

Thus  ended  the  career  of  the  Tonquin  and 
her  able  but  obstinate  and  hot-headed  Captain 
Tliorn,  and  here  too  closed  the  career  of  Alex- 
ander McKay,  a  man  to  whom  Mr.  Astor  had 
justly  looked  as  one  most  able  to  direct  the 
vasts  interests  that  he  had  committed  to  this 
commercial  venture  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Mr. 
McKay,  however,  left  a  representative  in  Ore- 
gon in  the  person  of  his  son,  who  became  cele- 
brated in  the  annals  of  adventure  on  the  trails 
of  the  fur  trader  and  in  the  campaigns  of  the 
Indian  wars  of  Oregon.  At  a  later  period  his 
descendants,  in  the  persons  of  Dr.  W.  C.  Mc- 
Kay, of  Pendleton,  Oregon,  and  Donald  Mc- 
Kay, the  celebrated  scout  in  all  the  Indian  wars 
of  forty  years,  have  won  for  his  name  continued 
distinction,  and  been  of  great  service  to  the  re- 
gion in  the  interests  of  whose  foundations  their 
forefather  died. 

Affairs  at  Astoria  were,  meantime,  progress- 
ing slowly  toward  a  settled  condition.  The 
fort  was  completed,  and  everything  put  in  readi- 
ness for  the  large  trade  which  was  reasonably 
anticipated  with  the  surrounding  tribes.  Dur- 
ing the  summer  only  one  event  occurred  to 
ruffle  the  smooth  flow  of  the  somewhat  monot- 
onous life  of  the  past.      It  was  this: 

On     the   loth  of  July  a  canoe,   manned    by 


nine  white  men,  was  seen  descending  the,  river, 
and  in  a  short  time  they  landed  on  the  beach. 
They  proved  to  be  a  party  sent  by  the  power- 
ful Northwest  Company,  a  British  corporation, 
commanded  by  David  Thompson,  a  partner  in 
the  company.  He  had  been  dispatched  from 
Montreal  the  year  before  to  anticipate  the  ar- 
rival of  the  Astor  party,  and  take  possession  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  before  that  party 
should  arrive.  Hi>:  journey  had  been  greatly 
hindered,  many  of  his  men  had  deserted,  and 
now,  with  the  few  who  remained  faithful,  he 
had  arrived  too  late  for  the  purpose  for  which 
he  had  made  the  long  and  perilous  journey. 
The  flight  of  the  eagle  had  been  too  rapid  for 
the  crawl  of  the  lion,  and  America  had  first 
possession  in  Oregon.  Still  there  was  that  in 
the  reception  that  McDougal,  who  had  charge 
at  Astoria,  tendered  to  Thompson,  the  agent  of 
an  opposing  and  foreign  corporation,  that,  if  it 
could  have  been  understood,  boded  no  good  to 
the  interest  of  Astoria,.  McDougal  had  him- 
self been  formerly  connected  with  the  North- 
west Company,  and  still  cherished  the  warmest 
sympathy  with  it,  and  a  still  warmer  sympathy 
with  the  principles  and  purposes  of  the  British 
Government.  Hence  Thompson's  welcome  was 
cordial;  his  wants  were  bountifully  supplied; 
and,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  very 
purpose  of  his  presence  was  to  thwart  the  very 
designs  for  which  McDougal  and  his  company 
were  there,  he  was  sent  on  his  return  journey, 
eight  days  later,  with  the  benefactions,  if  not 
the  benedictions  of  McDougal  thick  upon  him. 
This  visit  of  Thompson's  was  a  most  sinister 
one,  and  he  is  blind  reader  of  history  who  can- 
not connect  it,  and  the  information  and  im- 
pressions he  obtained  in  it,  with  events  toward 
which  our  story  hastens,  and  which  will  not  be 
long  to  appear. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  for  us  to  trace  the 
story  of  the  various  efforts  of  the  company  to 
extend  its  trade  and  establish  outposts  during 
the  summer  and  autumn  of  1812.  They  were 
but  parts  of  this  general  historic  enterprise 
which   had    its   heart  and  pivot  at  Astoria,  and, 


HISTORY    OF    WASllINOTON. 


however  interesting  as  individual  incidents  of 
adventure  tliey  might  be,  they  did  little  to  affect 
or  change  the  current  of  events  that  was  so 
raj)idly  flowing  toward  a  historic  point  of  great 
importance. 

On  the  9th  of  May,  1812,  the  ship  Beaver, 
i^ent  by  Mr.  Aster  with  re-enforcements  and 
supplies,  arrived  at  Astoria.  Her  arrival  put 
the  Pacific  Fur  Company  in  the  best  condition 
for  vigorous  and  profitable  service.  After  the 
discharge  of  her  cargo,  Mr.  Hunt,  who  it  will 
be  remenjbered  was  Mrs.  Aster's  immediate  rep- 
resentative in  the  charge  of  the  company,  set 
out  in  her  for  Alaska  to  fulfill  the  mission  on 
which  the  ill-fated  Tonquin  had  sailed,  leaving 
Mr.  Duncan  McDougal  in  charge  at  Astoria. 
The  Beaver  sailed  on  her  voyage  up  the  coast 
in  the  month  of  August.  As  the  closing 
months  of  the  year  passed  by,  and  the  first  of 
the  next  was  following  them,  and  she  did  not 
return,  gloomy  apprehensions  of  her  fate  settled 
down  on  xVstoria.  McDougal,  especially,  gave 
way  to  the  most  unmanly  despondency.  He 
liad  nothing  but  evil  forebodings  and  prophecies 
for  the  whole  enterprise.  At  this  juncture  ho 
was  surprised  on  the  16th  of  January  by  the 
appearance  of  McKenzie,  way-worn  and  weather- 
beaten  from  a  long  winter  journey,  from  his 
post  on  Snake  river,  with  intelligence  which 
brought  to  McDougal  confusion  of  mind,  if  not 
dismay  of  heart.  It  had  been  bi-ought  to  the 
post  of  McKenzie  by  Mr.  John  George  McTav- 
ish,  a  partner  of  the  Northwest  Company,  and 
commanding  a  post  of  that  company  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  that  commanded  by  McKenzie.  While 
McTavish  was  delighted  by  it  McKenzie  was  as 
much  alarmed,  and  lost  no  time  in  breaking  up 
his  establishment  and  hastening  with  all  his 
people  to  Astoria.  The  substance  of  the  news 
that  thus  delighted  McTavish  and  dismayed 
McKenzie,  "was  that  war  had  been  declared  be- 
tween England  and  the  United  States;  that  as 
the  representative  of  the  English  company  he 
was  prepared  for  the  vigorous  opposition  to  the 
American,  and  he  capped  the  climax  of  this, 
to    him    very  pleasing   intelligence,    by   saying 


that  the  armed  ship,  Isaac  Todd,  was  to  be  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  about  the  be- 
ginning of  March,  to  get  possession  of  the  trade 
of  the  river,  and  that  he  was  directed  to  join  her 
there  at  that  time. 

The  intelligence  brought  by  McKenzie  com- 
pleted the  dismay  of  McDougal.  All  hope  of 
maintaining  Astoria  was  abandoned,  and  the 
partners  resolved  to  give  up  the  post  in  the 
following  spring,  and  return  across  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Meantime  all  trade  was  given  up, 
and  after  a  short  stay  at  Astoria  McKenzie  set 
off  for  his  post  on  Snake  river,  to  prepare  for 
its  intended  abandonment,  and  also  for  the 
contemplated  journey  to  the  States.  When  the 
party  was  some  distance  above  The  Dalles  of  the 
Columbia,  they  met  Mr.  J.  G.  McTavish  with 
two  canoe-loads  of  white  men,  in  the  employ- 
ment of  the  Northwest  Company,  on  their  way 
down  the  Columbia  to  meet  the  Isaac  Todd. 
The  parties  encamped  together  for  the  night 
like  comrades  rather  than  rivals,  the  two  lead- 
ers holding  very  friendly  consultations,  and  in 
the  morning  each  proceeded  on  his  way.  With 
the  exception  of  McKenzie  the  partners  in  com- 
mand of  posts  in  the  interior  did  not  agree  with 
McDougal's  determination  to  abandon  the  coun- 
try. They  had  been  very  successful  in  their 
trade  with  the  Indians,  and  considered  it  un- 
manly to  break  up  an  enterprise  of  such  magni- 
tude and  promise  on  the  first  difficulty.  In  this 
they  were  more  faithful  and  courageous  than 
their  chief  at  Astoria. 

The  time  for  the  annual  gathering  of  partners 
with  the  products  of  the  year's  trade  at  Astoria 
was  in  June.  Accordingly,  on  the  12th  of  that 
month,  Mr.  McKenzie,  Mr.  Clark,  and  Mr. 
David  Stuart  arrived  from  the  posts  on  the 
upper  Columbia  and  Snake  rivers,  bringing  a 
very  valuable  stock  of  peltries.  They  found 
McDougal,  representing  the  Pacific  Fur  Com- 
pany, and  McTavish,  representing  the  Northwest 
Company,  rivals  both  in  trade  and,  nationality, 
in  closest  fellowship.  McDougal's  hospitality 
to  McTavish  was  altogether  uncalled  for,  and 
the  more  especially  when  the  nation  which  he, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


as  a  member  of  the  Northwest  Company,  really 
represented,  was  at  war  with  the  United  States, 
and  McDoiigal  well  knew  that  he  was  there  for 
a  hostile  purpose.  He  treated  McTavish  and 
his  party  as  allies  rather  than  enemies  and  ri- 
vals. McDoiigal  had  but  to  leave  them  to  their 
own  resources,  and  they  must  have  abandoned 
the  country  immediately.  The  moral  evidence 
of  McDougal's  treason  to  his  company  is  con- 
clusive, and  the  results  soon  justitied  the  belief. 

The  ship  Isaac  Todd,  which  McTavish  ex- 
pected to  meet  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  not 
arriving,  that  gentleman  applied  to  McDougal 
for  a  supply  of  goods  with  which  to  trade  his 
way  back.  They  were  furnished,  and  on  the 
proposition  of  McUongal  the  posts  of  the  Pacific 
Fur  Company  on  the  Spokane  were  conveyed  to 
the  Xorthwest  Company.  This  established  that 
company  in  the  very  garden  of  the  trade  of  the 
Pacific  Company. 

McDougal  and  McKenzie,  who  were  at  one 
in  their  sinister  purpose,  at  length  succeeded  in 
influencing  the  minds  of  Clarke  and  Stuart,  and 
the  two  other  partners  present,  and  the  four 
sicrned  a  manifesto  to  Mr.  Astor  setting  forth 
the  most  desponding  representations  of  the  con- 
dition of    affairs   at   Astoria,  and   formally  an- 


nouncing 


their    determination   to    dissolve  the 


concern  on  the  1st  of  the  following  June.  This 
instrument  was  delivered  to  McTavish,  who  de- 
parted from  Astoria  on  the  5th  of  July,  to  be 
forwarded  to  Mr.  Astor  at  New  York  by  the 
Northwest  Company. 

Wiiile  these  events  were  occurring  on  the 
Pacific,  others  of  not  4ess  moment  to  Astoria 
were  transpiring  on  the  Atlantic.  On  the  6th 
of  March,  1813,  Mr.  Astor  dispatched  tlie  ship 
Lark  with  supplies  for  Astoria.  She  had  scarcely 
sailed  before  it  became  known  to  him  that  the 
Northwest  Company  had  for  tlie  second  time 
memorialized  the  British  Government,  repre- 
senting Astoria  as  an  American  establishment  of 
great  strength,  with  a  vast  scope  of  purpose,  and 
urging  that  it  be  destroyed.  In  answer  to  the 
memorial  that  government  ordered  the  frigate 
Phoebe  to  convoy  the  armed  ship  Isaac  Todd, 


of  the  Northwest  Company,  which  was  ready  to 
sail  with  men  and  supplies  for  a  new  establish- 
ment at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  They  were 
to  proceed  together  to  the  mouth  of  that  river, 
capture  or  destroy  whatever  American  fortress 
they  should  find  there  and  plant  the  British  flag 
upon  its  ruins. 

To  meet  this  new  and  alarming  condition  of 
affairs,  Mr.  Astor  appealed  to  the  Goverment, 
and  the  frigate  Adams,  with  Captain  Crane  com- 
manding, was  ordered  to  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, and  Mr.  Astor  immediately  proceeded 
to  fit  out  the  ship  Enterprise,  with  supplies  and 
re-enforcements  to  sail  in  her  company  for  As- 
toria. Just  as  the  two  ships  were  ready  for  sea 
the  exigencies  of  the  American  naval  service  on 
lake  Ontario  called  for  more  seamen,  and  those 
of  the  Adams  were  transferred  to  the  squadron 
of  Commodore  Chaneey,  and  the  expedition  was 
abandoned. 

It  would  needlessly  lengthen  our  work  to  at- 
tempt to  trace  the  complicated  movements  of 
the  different  parties  in  one  way  or  another  con- 
nected with  the  various  expeditions,  by  both  sea 
and  land,  that  in  some  way  affected  the  history 
of  the  great  enterprise  of  Mr.  Astor.  On  the 
whole,  taking  into  account  the  fact  that  the  un- 
dertaking had  such  vast  and  wide  ramifications 
touching  all  the  possibilities  of  Indian  trade  in 
half  a  continent  and  of  trade  with  China  and 
Russia  and  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  that 
purchases,  sales  and  returns  over  the  world-wide 
sweep  of  Mr.  Astor's  plans  would  needs  re- 
quire at  least  two  years  before  any  intelligent 
estimate  of  success  or  loss  could  be  made,  the 
conclusions  of  McDougal  and  McKenzie  at 
Astoria,  with  which  even  Mr.  Hunt  had  at  last, 
with  much  difficulty,  been  persuaded  to  agree, 
appear  to  have  been  childishly  hasty,  or  else 
wickedly  disloyal  to  their  patron  and  chief. 
"Whichever  it  was,  the  result  to  the  enterprise 
was  the  same,  and  its  record  can  soon  be  made. 

On  the  7th  of  October  a  squadron  of  ten 
boats  under  the  command  of  S.  G.  McTavish, 
who  had  with  him  Mr.  J.  Stuart,  another  part- 
ner of  the    Northwest    Company,    with    some 


niSJOBY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


73 


clerks  and  sixty-eight  men,  swept  around  Tongue 
Point,  and  soon  after  landed  and  encamped  un- 
der the  guns  of  the  fort,  displaying  the  Eritisli 
colors.  There  were  some  young  men  in  the 
fort,  native  Americans,  who  desired  to  run  up 
the  "stars  and  stripes,"  but  McDougal  forbade 
them.  They  were  astonished  and  incensed,  as 
they  would  gladly  have  nailed  the  national  en- 
sign to  the  staff  even  at  the  cost  of  a  battle,  but 
their  protest  had  no  influence  with  McDougal. 
He  had  determined  on  a  surrender  of  Astoria, 
and  to  prepare  the  way  for  it  read  to  the  young 
men  of  the  fort  a  letter  from  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Angus  Shaw,  one  of  the  principal  partners  of 
the  Northwest  Company,  announcing  the  com- 
ing of  the  Phojbe  and  Isaac  Todd  "  to  take  and 
destroy  everything  American  on  the  northwest 
coast."  This  did  not  dismay  nor  convince  the 
patriotic  American  youth,  but  they  were  power- 
less. McDougal  and  McTavisli  hastened  nego- 
tiations. On  the  same  day  the  former  agreed 
to  transfer  Astoria  and  all  it  contained.  It  was 
to  be  transferred  to  the  Northwest  Company  on 
terms  that  were  entirely  satisfactory  to  the 
latter.  Before  the  stipulations  were  signed, 
however,  Mr.  Stuart  and  the  reserve  party  of 
the  Northwest  Company  arrived  and  encamped 
with  the  party  of  Mr.  McTavish.  He  insisted 
on  a  reduction  of  prices  and  McDougal  obse- 
quiously complied,  and  on  the  16th  of  October, 
1813,  an  agreement  was  executed  by  which  the 
furs  and  merchandise  of  all  kinds  in  the  entire 
country  belonging  to  the  Pacific  Fur  Company 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Northwest 
Company  at  about  one-third  of  their  real  value. 
Soon  after  the  British  sloop-of-war,  Raccoon, 
arrived  in  the  river,  having  come  with  high 
hopes  that  in  the  capture  of  Astoria  her  oflicers 
and  men  would  be  enriched  by  the  trophies  the 
Americans  had  gathered.  They  found  instead 
that  already  the  establishment  had  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  British  subjects,  and  were  sorely 
disappointed.  On  the  12th  of  December  the 
formal  raising  of  the  British  flag  over  the  fort 
took  place,  and  in   the   name   of  His  Britannic 


Majesty  its  name  was  changed  from  Astoria  to 
Fort  George. 

About  two  months  after  tlys  transaction,  Mr. 
Hunt,  in  the  brig  Pedlar,  arrived  at  Astoria, 
finding  McDougal  a  partner  of  the  Northwest 
instead  of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  and  acting 
under  the  British  instead  of  the  American  flag. 
It  was  too  late  to  remedy  the  grievous  error 
and  wrong,  and  it  remained  for  him  only  to 
gather  up  the  fragments  that  remained  of  the 
interests  of  Mr.  Astor  and  his  great  company; 
and  on  the  13th  of  April,  1814,  he  sailed  away 
from  the  Columbia,  sadly  leaving  the  flag  of 
Great  Britain  floating  where  should  have 
streamed  the  ensign  of  America. 

In  concluding  this  chapter  of  Oregon-Amer- 
ican history  the  writer  can  hardly  help  adding 
the  reflection  that  the  key  to  the  failure  of  Mr. 
Astor's  grand  enterprise  is  found  in  the  fact 
that  the  most  of  its  leaders  were  so  largely  for- 
eigners. Their  very  names  had  a  foreign  accent 
and  orthography,  and  they  loved  the  cross  of 
St.  George  more  than  the  stars  and  stripes  of 
Columbia.  They  were  not  great  enough  to  be 
true  to  principle  and  ol)ligation  against  appeals 
to  feeling  and  profit.  And  so  the  American 
establishment  of  Astoria  became  the  British 
post  of  Fort  George. 

Matters  at  Astoria — now  for  a  time  to  be  called 
Fort  George — remained  the  same  until  the  war 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  was 
terminated  by  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  in  1815. 
This  treaty  stipulated  that  "all  territory, 
places  and  possessions  whatsoever  taken  by 
either  party  from  the  other  during  the  war,  or 
which  may  be  taken  after  the  signing  of  this 
treaty,  shall  be  restored  without  delay."  The 
commissioners,  however,  could  not  agree  upon  a 
line  of  division  between  the  possessions  of 
England  and  the  United  States  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  and  no  action  was  taken  in 
regard  to  Fort  George.  In  July,  1815,  in  ac- 
cordance with  its  understanding  of  the  terms  of 
the  treaty,  the  United  States  Government  noti- 
iied  the  British  minister  at  Washington  that  it 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


would  immediately  re-occupy  the  captured  fort 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Cohimbia  river.  Great 
Britain  made  no  ^fficial  reponse  to  this  notice, 
and  for  two  years  no  further  action  was  taken. 
At  last,  in  September,  1817,  the  American 
sloop-of-war  Ontario,  commanded  by  Captian  J. 
Biddle,  was  despatched  to  the  Columbia,  and 
the  captain  and  Mr.  J.  B.  Prevost  were  consti- 
tuted a  commission  instructed  to  assert  the 
claim  of  the  United  States  to  sovereignty  over 
the  region  of  the  Columbia.  This  decisive  act 
compelled  a  decision  also  on  the  part  of  Great 
Britain,  and  resulted  in  negotiations  which 
finally  terminated  in  a  formal  transfer,  in  1818, 


of  Fort  George  to  Mr.  Prevost  as  representative 
of  the  United  States,  thus  putting  that  power 
again,  at  least  nominally. and  formally,  in  the 
possession  of  the  Pacific  Northwest.  Still  the 
Northwest  Company  remained  in  actual  posses- 
sion of  the  property  of  Fort  George  by  virtue 
of  its  purchase  of  the  same  from  the  agents  of 
Mr.  Astor,  as  heretofore  recorded.  It  was  now 
a  strongly  built  and  thoroughly  armed  fortress, 
and  remained  practically  as  much  a  British  post 
as  before,  until  the  final  adjustment  of  the 
boundary  question,  in  1846.  But  it  had  no 
history  of  its  own  separate  from  the  general 
history  of  the  coast. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


MISSIONARY  OCCUPANCY. 


Indian  Embassy  to  St.  Louis — Disappointment — Indian's  Speech — George  Catlin — Letter 
Published — Churches  Respond — Jason  Lee  and  Coadjutors  Cross  the  Continent — 
Mr.  Lee  and  Dr.  McLouohi.in — Lee  Establishes  His  Mission — Work  of  the  Mission 
— Decay  of  the  Indians — Action  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. — Missionaries  Appointed — 
First  White  Woman  to  Cross  the  Continent — Roman  Catholic  Missions — Their  Char- 
acter— (Conflicts  with  the  Protestants — Blanchet's  Statement. 


\E  have  traced  the  history  of  the  north- 
west coast  through  the  traditions  of 
its  ante -civilized  state.  It  is  now  time 
that  we  turn  to  its  initial  occupancy  for  civil- 
ized purposes  and  life,  without,  at  this  point, 
discussing  motives  or  philosophies  of  civiliza- 
tion, but  giving  a  plain  narration  of  facts. 

In  the  year  1832  the  attention  of  the  churches 
of  the  United  States  was  called,  in  a  somewhat 
romantic  and  startling  manner,  to  the  country 
west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  as  a  promising 


r    missionary    work   among    the  native 


field   fo 

tribes.     It  occurred  in  this  wise: 

In  some  manner  the  Indians  of  the  far  north- 
west had  become  impressed  with  the  great  su- 
periority of  the  white  man.  With  the  natural 
superstition  of  uncivilized  races,  or,  it  may  be, 
with  the  true  instinct  of  universal  humanity, 
they  assigned  that  superiority  to  the  marvelous 


power  of  the  white  man's  God.  To  find  that 
God  and  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages 
that  a  knowledge  of  Him  would  give  them,  be- 
came the  subject  of  earnest  and  repeated  con- 
sultation among  them.  They  had  also  heard 
that  the  white  man  had  a  book  that  communi- 
cated that  knowledge,  and  they  earnestly  desired 
its  possession.  How  these  glimmerings  of  fact 
had  come  to  their  minds  we  cannot  tell,  though 
it  was  doubtless  through  some  stray  American 
trappers,  or  some  wandering  Iroquois  who  had 
come  into  contact  with  Christian  teachings  in 
Canada  or  New  York.  They  were  crude  at 
best,  invested  with  the  charm  of  supernatural- 
ism,  always  exciting  and  attractive  to  an  In- 
dian's mind,  and  of  course  stirred  their  imag- 
inations to  the  very  deepest.  In  the  councils 
of  the  Flathead  nation  it  was  at  last  determined 
that   an    embassy  should  be  sent  on  the  long 


IT  I  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


■75 


trail — they  knew  not  liow  long — if  liaply  tliey 
might  find  the  Book  and  bring  back  the  cov- 
eted light. 

An  old  chief,  celebrated  among  liis  people  for 
bravery  and  judgment,  and  an  old  brave  skilled 
in  war  were  selected,  and  with  them  were  asso- 
ciated two  young  braves  for  daring  and  perilous 
feats  during  the  long  Journey,  as  the  chosen 
embassadors  of  the  waiting  and  expectant  tribe. 

The  route  tliey  took  was  never  recorded. 
They  disappeared  in  the  defiles  of  the  Kocky 
mountains,  stole  their  ■way  through  hostile 
tribes,  traversed  the  M-ide,  treeless  plains  that 
stretch  between  the  mountains  and  the  Missouri 
river,  and  finally  appeared  before  General  AVill- 
iam  Clarke,  who  had  led  the  exploring  expedi- 
tion over  the  Kocky  mountains  to  the  sea  seven- 
teen years  before,  with  the  story  of  their  peo- 
ple's desire  and  of  their  own  journey  for  its 
gratification,  in  St.  Louis,  then  a  hamlet  on  the 
uttermost  borders  of  civilization.  General 
Clarke  was  then  superintendent  of  the  Indian 
affairs  in  the  great  West,  and  the  man  to  whom 
they  would  naturally  apply  for  the  information 
they  sought. 

Without  following  the  romantic  speculations 
of  many  writers  as  to  what  was  done  and  said 
by  these  Indians,  it  is  necessary  to  add  but 
little  more  than  that  their  mission  to  them  was 
a  sad  failure.  The  old  Indian  chief  and  his 
companion  died  in  St.  Louis,  and  after  long  and 
sad  inquiry  the  two  young  men  prepared  to 
depart  for  their  distant  home.  Before  their 
departure  they  took  a  ceremonious  leave  of 
General  Clarke,  and  one  of  them  delivered  a 
speech  that  for  sad  pathos  and  wild  eloquence 
may  safely  be  quoted  as  the  equal  of  Logan's 
plaintive  words.  One  who  was  present  and 
listened  to  it  thus  puts  in  English  its  words: 

"I  come  to  you  over  a  trail  of  many  moons 
from  the  setting  sun.  You  were  the  friend  of 
my  fathers,  who  have  all  gone  the  long  way.  I 
came  with  one  eye  partly  opened  for  more  light 
for  my  people,  who  sit  in  darkness.  I  go  back 
with  both  eyes  closed.  How  can  I  go  back 
blind  to    my  people?     I   made  my  way  to  you 


with  strong  arms,  through  many  enemies  and 
strange  lands,  that  I  might  carry  back  much  to 
them.  I  go  back  with  both  arms  broken  and 
empty.  The  two  fathers  who  came  with  us — 
the  braves  of  many  winters  and  wars — we  leave 
asleep  here  by  your  great  water  and  wigwam. 
They  were  tired  in  many  moons  of  journey,  and 
their  moccasins  wore  out.  My  people  sent  me 
to  get  the  white  man's  Book  of  Heaven.  You 
took  me  where  they  worship  the  Great  Spirit 
with  candles,  but  the  Book  was  not  there.  You 
showed  me  the  images  of  good  spirits  and  pict- 
ures of  the  good  land  beyond,  but  the  Book 
was  not  among  them  to  tell  us  the  way.  I  am 
going  back  the  long,  sad  trail  to  my  people  in 
their  dark  land.  You  make  my  feet  heavy  with 
your  burdens  of  gifts,  and  my  moccasins  will 
grow  old  in  carrying  them,  but  the  Book  is  not 
among  them.  When  I  tell  my  poor,  liliiid  jx'o- 
ple,  after  one  more  snow,  that  I  did  not  brinn- 
the  Book,  no  word  will  be  spoken  by  our  old 
men  or  by  our  young  braves.  One  by  one  they 
will  rise  up  and  go  out  in  silence.  My  people 
will  die  in  darkness,  and  they  go  out  on  the 
long  path  to  the  other  hunting  grounds.  No 
white  man  will  go  with  them,  and  no  white 
man's  Book  to  make  the  way  plain.  I  have  no 
more  words." 

The  interview  ended,  the  two  remaining  In- 
dian messengers  turned  their  faces  homeward. 
One  died  on  the  way,  and  the  other,  returning 
to  his  people,  disappeared  from   historic  record. 

The  fact  of  the  coming  of  this  embassy,  and 
its  disappointed  return  to  the  distant  regions 
whence  it  came,  was  soon  noised  abroad  as  a 
very  romance  of  religion.  A  young  clerk  in 
the  office  of  General  Clarke,  having  witnessed 
the  interview  and  noted  its  sad  disappointing 
end,  detailed  an  account  of  it  to  friends  in 
Pittsburg.  George  Catlin  was  then  pursuing 
his  studies  and  investigations  in  Indian  lore, 
and  enriching  his  gallery  with  Indian  portraits 
and  paintings.  To  him  the  letter  was  shown. 
He  had  met  the  two  returning  braves,  traveled 
with  them  on  the  Yellowstone,  and  even  taken 
their  portraits  for  his  gallery,  and  they  had  said 


HISTORY    OF    WASEINGTON. 


nothing  to  liim  of  the  object  of  their  visit  to 
St.  Louis  and  its  failure.  He  tlierefore  asked 
that  the  letter  be  uot  published  until  he  had 
written  to  General  Clarke  and  ascertained  the 
facts  in  the  case.  The  reply  from  the  general 
came  at  length,  saying:  "It  is  true;  that  was 
the  only  object  of  their  visit,  and  it  failed." 
On  Catlin's  advice  the  letter  was  given  to  tlie 
world.  In  his  "  Indian  Letters,"  Mr.  Catlin 
speaks  of  the  matter  thus:  "When  I  first  heard 
the  report  of  this  extraordinary  mission  across 
tlie  mountains,  I  could  scarcely  believe  it;  but 
on  consulting  with  General  Clarke  I  was  fnlly 
convinced  of  the  fact.  *  *  They  liad  been 
told  that  our  religion  was  better  than  theirs, 
and  that  they  woidd  be  lost  if  they  did  not  em- 
brace it." 

The  publication  of  the  letter  detailing  these 
events  stirred  the  heart  of  the  Christian  people 
of  America  as  a  call  from  God, — as  who  shall 
say  it  was  not? — for,  though  the  one  lone  sur- 
vivor of  this  embassy  returned  sad  and  disap- 
pointed to  his  more  disappointed  people,  his 
mission  was  far  from  being  a  failure,  and,  as  we 
read  history  backward  from  to-day,  this  event 
seems  a  divine  pivot  on  which  turned  not  only 
some  of  the  most  thrilling  chapters  of  individ- 
ual history  ever  recorded,  but  much  of  the  des- 
tiny of  the  Indian  people,  and  probably  all  of 
that  of  Oregon. 

It  was  forever  contrary  to  the  genius  and 
spirit  of  Christianity  to  leave  a  call  so  clearly 
within  the  limits  of  the  Christian's  idea  of 
Providence  unanswered.  So,  while  all  the 
churches  of  the  land  felt  the  thrill  of  this 
providential  call,  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  was  the  first  to  respond.  She  did  not 
stop  to  experiment  and  explore,  but  through 
lier  constituted  authorities  sotight  for  a  man  to 
lead  the  vanguard  of  the  forces  of  civilization 
and  Christianity  over  the  Rocky  mountains  and 
down  toward  the  western  sea  a  full  2,000  miles 
beyond  the  westernmost  fringe  of  American 
settlement.  In  a  church  whose  typical  legend 
was  a  man  on  horseback  bearing  a  banner  in- 
scribed, "Tlio    world   is    my  parish,"   it   could 


not  be  far  nor  difBcnlt  to  find  such  a  man,  and, 
having  found  the  leader,  to  find  coadjutors  and 
helpers  in  the  work  he  adventured. 

After  due  and  diligent  search  the  authorities 
of  the  church  decided  that  Jason  Lee,  a  young 
man  of  thirty-one  years,  who  resided  in  Stan- 
stead,  Lower  Canada,  only  just  across  the  line 
of  the  United  States,  born  of  New  England 
parents,  educated  in  Wilbraham  Academy,  Mas- 
sachusetts, under  Wilbur  Fisk,  the  most  re- 
nowned educator  of  early  Methodist  history, 
was  the  man  for  the  hour  that  had  thus  struck. 
The  reasons  for  this  conclusion  were  decisive. 
Mr.  Lee  was  of  unusual  physical  dignity  and 
prowess.  He  was  six  feet  three  inches  in 
height,  and  of  most  stalwart  and  manly  mold. 
Erect,  with  open  and  manly  and  frank  counten- 
ance, a  clear  blue  eye,  light  complexion  and 
hair,  he  was  the  impersonation  of  Saxon  vigor 
and  will.  Upon  him  the  seal  that  gave  the 
world  assurance  of  a  man  was  set.  Withal,  his 
own  heart  was  moved  in  the  direction  of  the 
work  to  which  the  church,  through  her  consti- 
tuted authorities,  was  thns  calling  him.  When, 
therefore,  his  former  tutor  at  Wilbraham,  Dr. 
Fisk,  put  the  question  before  him  in  behalf  of 
the  church,  and  also  in  behalf  of  the  waiting 
Indian  tribes  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
"immediately  he  conferred  not  with  flesh  and 
blood"  but  stepped  resolutely  through  the  open 
door  thus  unexpectedly  opened  before  him,  and 
gave  himself  to  history  as  the  pioneer  of  civil- 
ization and  Christianity  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Others,  kindred  in  purpose,  and  of 
similar  heroic  quality,  were  soon  associated  with 
him.  These  were  his  own  nephew.  Rev.  Daniel 
Lee,  and  Mr.  Cyrus  Shepard.  of  Massachusetts, 
who  were  also,  under  the  appointment  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  designated  to  share 
the  honor  as  well  as  the  peril  of  a  missionary 
expatriation  among  the  western  tribes. 

It  does  not  enter  into  the  purpose  of  this  his- 
tory to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  personnel 
and  work  of  the  various  missionary  companies 
that  pioneered  the  work  of  Anierican  civiliza- 
tion on  the  Paciiic  coast,  further  than   is  neces- 


IIlSTOnr    OF     WASHINGTON. 


sary  to  show  the  relations  they  sustained  to  the 
history  of  the  country  into  which  they  entered. 
It  would  belong  rather  to  ecclejiastieal  than 
general  history  to  do  that.  Still  that  personnel 
was  so  great  and  heroic,  and  that  work  so  funda- 
mental, that  neither  can  be  dismissed  with  a 
paragraph.  Hence  we  take  up  the  history  of 
these  missionary  companies  in  the  chronological 
order  of  their  occupancy  of  this  field,  premising 
the  remark  that  the  essence  of  the  importance 
of  their  work  in  every  respect  that  bore  upon 
the  settlement  of  questions  of  national  and  in- 
ternational rights  was  in  the  time,  as  well  as  in 
the  fact,  of  their  coming.  With  this  explana- 
tory remark,  and  within  this  limitation,  we  re- 
sume the  story  of  the  missionary  work  of  tlie 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  under  the  direction 
of  Jason  Lee. 

Mr.  Lee  received  his  appointment  as  "  Mis- 
sionary to  the  Flathead  Indians"  in  1833,  from 
the  New  England  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Leaving  his  home  in  Can- 
ada on  the  nineteenth  day  of  August  of  that 
year,  he  spent  the  following  autumn  and  winter 
in  traveling  through  the  cities  and  villages  of 
the  Xorth  from  Portland,  Maine,  to  Baltimore, 
stirring  up  the  hearts  of  the  church  everywhere 
by  his  fervent  appeals  for  the  Indians  of  the 
West,  and  inspiring  the  confidence  of  the  peo- 
ple by  his  evident  sincerity  as  well  as  his  com- 
mauding  ability.  Under  the  influence  of  his 
speeches  Oregon  began  to  rise  out  of  a  mythi- 
cal into  an  actual  existence  in  the  thoughts  of 
the  people.  To  Ansericans  even,  up  to  this 
time,  it  was  as  unknown  as  Hindoostan, — a 
name  standing  only  for  unexplored  regions  be- 
tween the  summits  of  the  Rocky  mountains  and 
the  western  ocean,  of  unsurveyed  limits  and 
unknown  conditions.  Although  it  had  served, 
in  Congress  and  in  Parliament,  as  a  text  for 
vaporing  political  discourse,  yet  so  little  did 
Britain  or  America  know  of  it  that  the  one  sought 
it  only  as  a  preserve  for  the  fur  hunter,  and  the 
other  believed  it  to  be  but  a  barren  and  inhos- 
pitable waste  tit  only  to  appear  on  his  maps  as 
the   "Great  American   desert."     The   appoint- 

5 


ment  of  Jason  Lee  to  evangelistic  work  within 
it,  and  tlie  evident  intention  of  the  great  church 
whose  commission  he  bore  to  sustain  him  in 
the  tield  to  which  she  had  assigned  him,  meant 
the  lifting  up  of  a  veil  that  for  the  ages  had 
hidden  that  vast  region  from  human  sight. 

In  the  spring  of  1834  this  company  of  mis- 
sionaries joined  the  company  of  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Wyeth,  of  whose  trading  adventures  west  of  the 
Pocky  mountains  we  have  elsewhere  written,  at 
Independence,  Missouri,  prepared  to  accompany 
them  on  their  journey  over  the  mountains.  At 
Independence  Mr.  Lee  secured  the  services  of 
Mr.  P.  L.  Edwards,  a  young  man  of  tine  abilities 
and  excellent  character,  afterward  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  Sacramento,  California.  All  his  as- 
sociates were  men  well  adapted  to  sustain  their 
chief  in  his  arduous  undertaking.  Notwith- 
standing there  was  so  much  of  the  history  of  the 
Pacitic  coast  wrapped  under  the  coats  of  these 
four  men,  it  would  occupy  too  much  of  the  space 
that  is  needed  for  other  events  to  record  the  in- 
cidents of  their  journey  of  two  thousand  miles 
on  horseback  to  their  field  of  selected  toil. 
Suffice  it  here  to  say  that  through  all  the  inci- 
dents and  perils  of  the  journey  among  such 
Indian  tribes  as  the  Pawnees,  the  Sioux,  the 
Shoshones,  the  Blackfeet,  the  Bannacks,  the 
Nez  Perces  and  the  Cayuses,  wild  freebooters  of 
the  plains,  they  bore  themselves  like  brave  men, 
ready  to  do  all  their  part  in  every  emergency  of 
travel  or  danger.  Mr.  Lee,  in  a  very  special 
manner,  won  the  conlidence  and  respect  of  such 
mountain  leaders  as  Sublette,  Wyeth,  Fitz- 
patrick,  Walker  and  others.  Prof.  Townshend, 
a  naturalist  who  accompanied  the  party  for 
scientific  purposes,  speaks  of  him  in  his  journal 
in  most  flattering  terms. 

Mr.  Lee  and  his  company  reached  Vancouver, 
the  headquarters  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
and  the  residence  of  Dr.  McLoughlin,  its  gover- 
nor, on  the  15th  day  of  September,  1884.  He 
was  received  with  great  respect  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Loughlin. The  moral  and  political  casuist  will 
readily  see  that  in  the  meeting  of  these  two  men 
on  that  day  there  stood  face  to  face    causes  and 


UISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


destinies  of  wonderful  import  to  Oregon,  and 
even  to  civilization  itself  the  world  over.  They 
were  both  typical  and  representative  men.  They 
were  both  Canadian  born.  One  was  a  Scotch- 
Englishman  with  all  the  stalwart  grip  and  force 
of  that  splendid  blood.  The  other  was  of  pure 
New  England  parentage.  They  were  both  over 
six  feet  in  height  and  looked  level  into  each 
others  eyes.  Seldom  indeed  have  two  such 
representatives  of  opposing  foi-ces  and  antago- 
nistic purposes  stood  face  to  face  with  each 
other,  and  yet  met  so  calmly,  and  so  entered  at 
once  into  ench  other's  personal  friendships,  as  in 
the  case  of  these  two  men.  One  is  tempted  to 
stand  long  and  gaze  npon  this  strange  moral 
and  intellectual  tableau  thrown  against  the  fore- 
ground of  an  opening  and  against  the  back- 
ground of  a  departing  era;  for  when  their  two 
liauds  clasped  it  was  the  old  greeting,  perhaps 
unconsciouslj,  the  better  new,  and  the  new,  per- 
haps as  unconsciously,  bidding  the  old  depart. 
Dr.  McLonghliii,  as  the  representative  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  hence  of  the  power 
and  purpose  of  Great  Britain  in  Oregon,  could 
not  meet  Mr.  Lee  as  he  could  and  did  meet  Mi-. 
Nathaniel  Wyeth.  The  etses  and  the  causes 
were  entirely  dissimilar.  Mr.  Wyeth  came  with 
merchandise  as  a  trader,  came  to  set  up  a  rival 
establishment  within  hearing  of  the  morning 
gun  of  Fort  Vancouver.  Mr.  Lee  came  as  a 
missionary  of  help  and  moral  uplift  to  the  de- 
graded tribes  that  swarmed  in  the  valleys  and 
roamed  over  the  hills.  Mr.  "Wyeth  had  arms 
in  his  hands;  Mr.  Lee  had  ideas  and  moral  pur- 
poses in  his  mind  and  heart.  The  lirst  could 
be  met  with  stronger  and  older  commercial 
power  or  with  more  numerous  arms  if  necessary; 
the  other  could  be  met  only  with  ideas  and  moral 
purposes  better  than  his  own.  Therefore  the 
first  was  hemmed  in,  circumscribed,  thwarted, 
finally  defeated,  and  within  a  year  compelled  to 
leave  the  country  a  broken  and  ruined  nian. 
But  Mr.  Lee  and  his  ideas  had  come  to  stay. 
One  cannot  shoot  an  idea  to  death.  He  cannot 
kill  a  moral  impulse  with  gunpowder.     Besides, 


those  who  knew  Dr.  McLoughlin  in  his  lifetime 
know  very  well  that  his  moral  nature  was  far 
superior  to  the  purposes  and  work  of  the  soul- 
less corporation  of  which  he,  by  a  providence 
very  gracious  to  the  work  Mr.  Lee  came  to 
Oregon  to  perform,  was  then  the  executive 
head.  In  the  case  of  Mr.  Lee,  therefore,  his 
heart  became  the  guide  of  his  actions,  and  hence 
he  not  only  did  not  attetnpt  to  hinder,  but 
really  extended  ethcient  help  in  the  establish- 
ment of  his  mission  and  the  opening  of  his  work 
in  Oregon.  Still  justice  requires  us  say  that 
it  is  not  probable  that  Dr.  McLoughlin  was 
enough  skilled  in  moral  casuistry,  or  well 
enough  acquainted  with  the  history  of  the  re- 
su'ts  of  missionary  enterprises  in  other  parts  of 
the  world,  to  fully  comprehend  the  meaning  of 
the  future  history  of  this  coast  that  was  wrapped 
up  witiiin  the  white  folds  of  Mr.  Lee's  commis- 
sion. So  he  helped  where  otherwise  he  might' 
have  hindered;  he  counseled  where  he  other- 
wise might  have  opposed  and  defeated. 

It  was  under  the  advice  of  Dr.  McLoughlin 
that  Mr.  Lee  finally  decided  to  establish  his 
missionary  station  in  the  heart  of  the  Willam- 
ette valley.  Two  motives  seemed  to  prompt 
that  advice.  First,  the  piitting  of  the  American 
establishment  south  of  the  Columbia  river,  which 
the  Hudson's  Bay  people  expected  would  be- 
come the  boundary  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States  on  this  coast,  and  secondly 
having  it  near  enough  to  Vancouver  to  be  under 
its  watchful  eye.  Mr.  Lee,  having  carefully  ex- 
amined every  point  that  would  suggest  itself  as 
a  suitable  one  for  his  work,  finally,  on  Monday, 
the  sixth  day  of  October,  1834,  with  Daniel 
Lee  and  P.  L.  Edwards,  pitched  his  tent  on  the 
banks  of  the  Willamette  river,  about  ten  miles 
below  the  present  city  of  Salem,  where  he  had 
determined  to  establish  his  mission.  On  Sun- 
day, the  19th  of  October,  he  delivered  the  first 
formal  sermon  ever  preached  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Joseph  Gervais, 
near  where  the  town  of  Gervais  now  stands; 
his  unpublished    journal    says:     '■  From  these 


UISTOltY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


words,  'Turn  ye  from  your  evil  ways,'  to  a  mixed 
assembly,  few  of  whom  understood  what  I  said; 
but  God  is  able  to  speak  to  their  hearts." 

From  this  time  forward,  ever  increasing,  be- 
coming more  and  more  a  molding  force  in  the 
intellectual  and  moral  life  of  the  country,  his 
work  went  forward.  It  is  not  the  province  of 
this  history  to  follow  it  in  detail, — only  far 
enough  to  show  how  potentially  this  and  suc- 
ceeding missionary  establishments  became  the 
nucleus  around  which  accreted  whatever  there 
was  of  American  thoujj;ht  and  purpose  and  life 
in  Oregon  for  nearly  ten  years  following  this 
date,  for  this  reason  the  men,  and  the  work 
they  performed,  as  makers  and  molders  of  his- 
tor}',  are  of  first  importance  in  estimating  the 
conditions  out  of  which  history  is  made. 

Though  Christians,  Mr.  Lee  and  the  three 
men  who  wrought  with  him  were  plain,  practi- 
cal, solid  men.  All  the  pictures  of  the  writers 
who  paint  them  as  pietistic  recluses,  or  even 
religious  zealots,  expecting  to  save  the  heathen 
and  renew  a  people  by  exhortations  and  prayers 
and  moral  incantations,  are  sheer  rhetorical  cari- 
catures, to  say  the  least  of  them,  instead  of  real 
descriptions,  and  show^  either  the  ignorance  or 
perversity  of  those  who  painted  them.  These 
men  knew  well  that  their  work,  to  be  ultimately- 
productive  of  the  results  for  which  they  were 
here,  must  lay  its  foundations  in  the  very  ele^ 
ments  of  intellectual  and  physical  culture.  They 
had  placed  but  half  a  shelter  over  their  lone 
heads  before  they  proceeded  to  the  establish- 
ment of  an  Indian  manual-labor  school,  into 
which  Indians,  both  youth  and  adults,  were 
gathered,  and  where  they  were  taught  husbandry 
and  mechanics,  as  well  as  song  and  prayer. 
As  showing  the  result  of  this  teaching  in  these 
earlier  years  of  their  work,  the  testimony  of 
Captain  VV.  A.  Slocum,  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  commanding  the  brig  Loriot,  who  visited 
Mr.  Lee's  mission  about  two  years  after  its  es. 
tablisliinent,  may  properly  be  quoted.  He  says: 
"  I  have  seen  children  who  two  years  ago  were 
roaming  over  their  own  native  wilds,  jn  a  state 
of  savage  barbarism,  now  being  brought  within 


the  knowledge  of  moral  and  religious  instruc- 
tion, becoming  useful  members  of  society,  by 
being  taught  the  most  useful  of  all  arts — agri- 
culture— and  all  this  without  the  least  compul- 
sion." So  favorably  did  the  work  of  this  mis- 
sion impress  him  that  he  made  to  it  the  con- 
siderable donation  of  S30,  as  a  testimony  of  his 
appreciation. 

After  two  years  of  successful  work  by  these 
four  men  in  the  missionary  field,  so  promising 
did  the  future  appear  that  six  others,  three  men 
and  three  women,  were  added  to  their  number 
by  the  missionary  authorities  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  arriving  in  Oregon  in  May, 
1837,  and  these  were  succeeded  in  Septeuiber  of 
the  same  year  by  four  others,  two  ujen  and  two 
women.  One  of  the  last  named  gentlemen, 
Rev.  David  Leslie,  was  attended  by  his  wife 
and  seyeral  children — a  thoi-ough  New  England 
family,  having  sonie  of  the  best  blood  of  old 
Massachusetts  flowing  in  their  veins;  the  first 
real  family  transplanted  from  the  New  England 
of  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  better  New  England 
to  the  Pacific  coast;  the  real  beginning  of 
American  home  life  in  the  valley  of  the  Willa- 
mette. Does  not  thjs  mean  something  for 
American  civilization  on  the  Pacific  coast? 

It  should  be  noted  that  up  to  this  time  the 
Indian  tribes  were  maintaining  tjieir  old  nu- 
merical strength-  They  were  deejily  impressed 
with  the  superiority  of  that  form  of  civilized 
life  that  they  saw  in  the  missionary  homes  about 
them.  They  could  not  but  see  the  difference 
between  them  and  the  trappers  and  trail-men  of 
the  fur  companies.  So  they  were  calling  for 
missionary  establishments  elsewhere,— east  of  the 
Cascade  mountains,  at  Clatsop,  in  the  Umpqua, 
among  the  Cayuses  and  Nez  Perces.  An  emer- 
gency of  civilization  and  Christianity  was  upon 
the  land.  Jason  Lee,  the  Corypheus  of  this 
band  of  Christian  civilizers,  returned  to  the 
east  by  the  trail  by  which  he  came  out,  to  se- 
cure help  adequate  to  the  great  emergency. 
His  appeals  from  fSoston  to  Charleston,  from 
St.  Louis  to  New  York,  on  the  rostrum  and 
through  the  press,  in  the  winter  of  1838  and  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


summer  of  1839,  awakened  profound  and  wide- 
spread interest,  not  only  in  his  special  work  bnt 
in  Oregon  itself.  He  asked  for  four  or  live 
missionary  helpers.  The  great  church  to  wliich 
he  appealed  judged  that  the  demands  were 
greater.  Five  clerical  missionaries,  one  physi- 
cian, six  mechanics,  four  farmei-s,  one  steward 
or  business-manager,  four  female  teachers, — 
thirty-six  adults  in  all,  together  with  seventeen 
children,  constituted  the  reinforcement  which  the 
church,  in  whose  employ  Mr.  Lee  was  laboring, 
judged  not  too  large  to  meet  the  emergency  of 
the  hour.  It  was  a  missionary  company,  but  it 
was  not  that  only.  It  was  an  American  colony; 
an  educated,  refined,  patriotic  colony  of  Ameri- 
can citizens.  When,  in  the  early  summer  of 
1840,  these  fifty-three  people  united  in  the 
Williamette  valley  with  the  sixteen  who  had 
preceded  them,  there  was  a  truly  American 
colony  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains  of  nearly 
four-score  souls, —  a  nucleus  of  civilization 
around  which  the  elements  of  a  great  history 
might  gather  and  enlarge  and  crystallize  until  a 
great  apd  prosperous  State  should  be  the  result. 
*' JVIan  proposes;  God  disposes."  So  it  was 
here.  A  single  year  while  Mr.  Lee  was  absent 
from  the  country  had  touched  the  Indian  tribes 
as  with  a  pestilence.  They  were  wasting  out  of 
being.  The  beautiful  valleys  of  the  west  were 
to  be  dedicated  to  something  greater  and  grander 
than  even  Indian  missionary  establishments. 
A  stronger  race,  Avith  a  purpose  and  a  power 
that  could  carry  the  country  to  the  highest 
forms  of  civilized  society  and  life  was  to  have 
and  to  hold  it.  Their  vanguard  of  cl:o.-i!ii  me?i 
and  women,  chosen  for  their  personal  ]  owerand 
purpose,  was  here  to  fix  and  drive  the  initial 
stake  from  which  should  be  traced  the  founda- 
tion measurements  of  the  history  of  a  thousand 
years.  Nor  was  this  altogether  an  unexpected 
condition.  This  great  enterprise  had  the  count- 
tenance  of  the  national  authorities  with  some 
reference  to  its  political  as  well  as  its  moral  and 
religious  significance.  Of  course  it  was  known 
that,  sooner  or  later,  the  Indian  tribes  here,  as 
everywhere  else,  would  disappear.     Tlie  men  in 


authority  at  Washington  did  not  know  this  bet- 
ter than  did  the  men  who  constituted  this  mie- 
sionary  company.  Indeed  they  did  not  know 
it  as  well.  But  it  came  sooner  than  was  antic- 
ipated, though  not  too  soon  for  the  safety  of 
American  interests,  as  the  pressure  of  events  in 
Washington  and  in  London  were  hurrying  the 
two  nations  toward  a  final  issue  of  their  strug- 
gles for  Oregon.  With  the  coming  of  tliis  fate 
— sad,  it  would  seem,  to  the  Indian  tribes — 
there  was  a  necessary  failure,  comparatively,  of 
these  Indian  missions.  But  that  failure  was 
one  of  the  conditions  of  the  iticoming  of  that 
after  civilization  the  germ  of  which  was  in  that 
colony  of  American  men  and  women  that  had 
thus  strangely  .been  set  down  here  just  in  time 
to  give  it  most  potent  relation  to  what  was  to 
be.  Still,  for  three  years,  the  work  of  this 
company  of  people  was,  as  far  as  those  immedi- 
ately about  them  were  concerned,  endeavoring 
to  do  good  to  tlie  decaying  remnants  of  the  In- 
dian tribes.  Besides  the  missionaries  and  those 
immediately  connected  with  them,  the  Indians, 
few  and  feeble  as  they  were,  were  all  upon 
whom  they  could  bestow  labor  or  sympathy. 
As  to  themselves  they  were  waiting,  becoming 
acquainted  with  the  geography  and  resources  of 
the  country.  They  were  young  people.  Hardly 
a  person  forty  years  of  age  among  them.  They 
could  afford  to  wait  and  be  ready  for  what  was 
I'eady  for  them. 

Our  readers  will  see  when  they  reach  and 
study  the  history  of  "  Immigration"  as  treated 
hereafter  in  this  book,  that  the  autumn  of  1843 
dates  a  change  in  the  population  of  the  country 
of  such  a  character  as  necessarily  to  close,  in 
large  measure,  the  era  of  Indian  missions  in 
Oregon.  It  is  true  there  were  local  interlap- 
pings  and  overlappings,  but  after  that  date  the 
white  and  the  American  predominates  in  the 
country  over  the  red  and  tiie  Hudson's  Bay. 
Hence  we  do  not  trace  the  history  of  this  first 
established  and  strongest  mission  farther  than 
that  period,  but  consider  its  personnel  as  after- 
ward absorbed  into  the  larger  life  of  a  common- 
wealth of    which   itself  had   been  a  most  jiotent 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


creator.  As  we  conclude  our  distinctive  refer- 
ence to  this  individual  mission,  the  fairness  of 
liistory  requires  us  to  give  the  names  of  the  gen- 
tlemen then  constituting  it,  or  had  been  prom- 
inently connected  with  it.  They  were  Jason  Lee, 
Daniel  Lee,  Cyrus  Shepard,  who  had  died,  P.  L. 
Edwards,  who  had  returned  to  the  States,  David 
Leslie,  H.  K.  W.  Perkins,  Elijah  White,  who 
had  also  returned  to  the  States,  A.  Beers,  W. 
H.  Wiilson,  Alvin  ¥.  Waller,  Gnstavus  Hines, 
George  Abernethy,  Hamilton  Campbell,  H.  B. 
Brewer. 

The  same  incidents  that  at  the  beginning 
awakened  such  an  intense  interest  in  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  in  America  for  the  In- 
dians of  the  Kocky  mountains  and  beyoiid, 
thrilled  with  the  same  intensity  the  other 
churches  of  the  land.  They  began  to  project 
missionary  work  in  that  region  at  the  same  time. 
The  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions,  then  representing  the  Pres- 
byterian, Congregational  and  Dutch  Reformed 
Ciuirches,  was  not  backward  in  its  purposes. 
Early  in  1834  initial  steps  were  taken.  A  com- 
mission to  explore  the  country  preparatory  to 
the  establishment  of  a  mission  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  Rev.  J.  Dun- 
bar, and  Mr.  S.  Ellis.  They  left  Ithaca,  New 
York,  in  May,  but  reached  St.  Louis  too  late  to 
join  the  caravans  of  fur  traders  for  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  were  obliged  to  defer  the  con- 
templated exploration  until  another  year.  Mr. 
Parker  returned  to  New  York,  and  Messrs.  Dun- 
bar and  Ellis  engaged  in  missionary  labors 
among  the  Pawness.  In  the  spring  of  1835 
Mr.  Parker  was  joined  by  Dr.  Marcus  Whit- 
man, and  they  reached  St.  Louis  in  April.  In 
company  wnth  the  annual  caravan  of  the  Amer- 
ican Fur  Company  they  proceeded  westward  as 
far  as  Green  river,  about  fifty  miles  west  of  the 
summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  the  rendezvous 
of  that  company.  Here  they  met  a  large  num- 
bers of  the  Indians  of  the  Columbia,  and  the  in- 
formation they  received  from  them,  together 
witli  that  from  trappers,  traders  and  travelers 
whom  they  met  here,  was  such  as  decided  them 


to  establish  a  mission  on  or  near  the  middle 
Columbia.  In  t'lirtlierance  of  that  decision  Dr. 
Whitman  returned  to  the  East,  and  Mr.  Parker 
continued  his  journey  to  the  Columbia.  He 
visited  Walla  Walla,  Vancouver,  the  mission  of 
Mr.  Lee  in  the  Willamette,  and  after  completing 
his  observations  returned  to  New  York  by  the 
way  of  the  Sandwich  islands  and  cape  Horn  in 
1837. 

Two  Nez  Perces  Indians  accompanied  Dr. 
Whitman  on  his  return  to  New  York,  where 
their  appearance  as  specimens  of  the  tribe 
among  which  it  was  proposed  to  establish  a 
mission  excited  the  greatest  curiosity  and 
interest. 

In  the  spring  of  1836  Dr.  Whitman  and  his 
wife,  to  whom  he  was  but  recently  married, 
with  Rev.  H.  H.  Spaulding  and  his  young  wife, 
and  Mr.  W.  H.  Gray  as  secular  agent  of  the 
mission,  proceeded  to  the  frontier  of  Missouri, 
and  uniting  themselves  to  the  American  Fur 
Company's  convoy  proceeded  across  the  conti- 
nent to  the  place  fixed  upon  for  their  mission- 
ary work  among  the  Cayuses  at  Waiiletpu  and 
among  the  Nez  Perces  at  Lapwai. 

This  journey  is  justly  celebrated  in  history 
as  the  first  ever  made  by  white  women  across 
the  Rocky  mountains.  That  alone  was  sufficient 
to  make  the  names  of  Mrs.  Whitman  and  Mrs. 
Spaulding  historic.  It  writes  them  on  the  page 
of  history  as  heroines.  They  were  the  first 
white  women  whose  blue  eyes  ever  looked  into 
the  black  orbs  of  the  aboriginal  daughters  of 
the  Columbia.  That  makes  their  arrival  date 
an  epoch  in  our  history.  While  they  were 
coming  by  land,  others  were  on  the  way  by  sea, 
but  these  were  first  by  a  few  months,  and  no 
fair  hand  has  ever  been  raised,  or  ever  will  be 
raised,  to  pluck  the  crown  of  this  great  distinc- 
tion from  their  brows.  They  were  personally 
worthy  of  it,  and  we  are  glad  to  study  them  in 
their  imique  and  magnificent  isolation  in  his- 
toric story.  Full  as  was  this  journey  with 
thrilling  incident,  we  can  do  no  more  than,  with 
these  few  sentences,  conduct  these  missionaries 
to  their  place  where,  two  years  after  Jason  Lee 


Ul  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


had  established  the  Methodist  missiou  in  the 
Williatiiette,  they  began  theirs  in  interior 
Oregon. 

The  same  gCHeral  course  of  incident  inarlced 
the  work  of  these  missions  as  did  that  already 
desci'ibed  in  the  Willamette  Valley.  There 
was,  however,  a  difference  in  one  important 
respect.  The  Indians  of  the  interior  were  very 
superior,  physically  and  intellectually,  to  those 
nearer  the  coast.  Hence,  while  the  tribes  of 
the  Willamette  were  smitten  with  decay  these 
were  yet  vigorous  and  comparatively  numerous. 
Seven  years,  therefore,  after  the  Indian  mission 
work  was  almost  or  entirely  abandoned  in  the 
AYillamette,  that  in  this  region  was  enjoying 
its  greatest  prosperity.  But  it  was  only  to 
meet  the  same  fate  at  last,  except  as  the  Indians 
themselves  have  proved  capable,  of  so  far  re- 
sisting the  enfeebling  and  destructive  contact 
with  a  miscellaneous  white  population,  and 
have  maintained  an  existence  as  a  people  even 
until  this  day;  while  those  of  the  Willamette 
as  tribes  and  nations  have  long  since  disappeared. 

From  time  to  time  these  missions  of  the  Amer- 
ican Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions were  re-enforced  by  the  addition  of  a  class 
of  men  and  women  worthy  to  be  what  their 
position  made  them,  founders  of  a  civilization. 
Some  of  the  gentlemen  composing  the  mission 
became  most  important  and  honored  instru- 
ments in  the  settlement  of  great  questions  of 
State,  and  in  the  final  establishment  of  the  in- 
stitutions of  civil  society  here.  Notably  this 
was  true  of  Dr.  Whitman,  the  record  of  whose 
heroic  efforts  to  benefit  his  adopted  home,  as 
well  as  of  his  tragic  death  as  a  martyr  to  his 
steadfast  purpose  of  life,  is  given  elsewhere, 
and  need  not  be  repeated  here.  Like  those 
whose  work  in  the  Willamette  we  have  partially 
recorded,  these  were  among  the  best  of  men. 
We  make  no  attempt  to  enshrine  them,  nor 
even  to  exalt  them  above  other  men  who  came 
after  them.  They  had  weaknesses  and  defects, 
but  they  are  the  weaknesses  of  strong  natures, 
the  defects  common  to  humanity.  Without  a 
question  any  impartial  history  of  the  times  from 


1834  to  1847  will  write  the  names  of  Whitman, 
Spanlding,  Eells,  Walker,  Gray,  and  their  com- 
panions and  co-laborers  among  the  few  dozens 
of  names  that  were  foremost  in  laying  deep 
and  broad  the  foundation  of  the  great  common- 
wealth that  is  now  what  it  is  because  the  men 
whose  lives  and  work  projected  it  were  what 
they  were. 

The  history  of  the  institution  and  work  of 
the  missions  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  on 
this  coast  is  more  difficult  to  trace  than  is  that 
of  the  Methodist  Episcojial  Church,  or  of  the 
American  Board.  The  reasons  are  obvious  to 
those  who  have  made  the  methods  of  that 
church  at  all  a  study.  Their  work  is  more  dis- 
tinctly a  church  work  than  is  that  of  any  other 
bndy  of  Christian  people.  It  consists  more 
exclusively  of  catechetical  instruction,  and  the 
observance  of  certain  forms  of  ritual  observ- 
ances, than  any  other.  There  is  less  publicity 
to  it.  They  do  not  organize  communities  with 
a  public  life  outside  of  the  ecclesiastical  and 
church  life  they  inculcate.  Their  missionaries 
come  and  go  unheralded  and  unannounced. 
Without  a  family  life  themselves,  they  appear 
for  a  day  or  a  year,  then  move  forward  and 
another  takes  the  vacated  place.  What  has 
been  done  or  has  not  been  done  is  not  pro- 
claimed. Silent,  self-contained,  with  the  air 
and  aspect  of  men  who  are  moved  by  another, 
instead  of  moving  themselves  with  a  self-pur- 
pose, except  it  be  a  purpose  to  obey  what  is 
commanded,  they  do  their  work  with  a  patience, 
a  devotion,  a  self-forgetfulness  that  is  worthy 
of  all  praise  as  a  method  of  ecclesiastical  pros- 
elytism.  These  methods  and  peculiarities  are 
not  mentioned  as  derogatory  to  them,  but  only 
to  account  for  the  dilBculty  a  %vi-iter  experiences 
in  following  the  lines  of  their  history.  And  if 
these  peculiarities  render  it  difficult  to  do  this 
in  established  conditions  of  society,  they  render 
it  much  more  difficult  when  the  field  is  such  as 
Oregon  was  when  they  entered  into  it. 

The  Roman  Catholics  were  the  third  to  enter 
the  missionary  field  in  Oregon.  Their  first 
priests.  Rev.    Francis    N.   Blanchet    and    Kev 


HISTORY    OF    WASaiNOTON. 


Modest  Deraers,  came  overland  from  Montreal 
with  the  regular  Hudson's  Bay  Express,  reach- 
ing Vancouver  on  the  24th  of  November,  183S. 
They  came  at  the  instance  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company.  They  were  British  subjects,  altliough 
French  themselves,  and  the  servants  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  were  mostly  French 
Canadians,  and  Roman  Catholics  in  their  re- 
ligious belief  and  sympathies.  Many  of  these, 
at  first,  received  the  Protestant  missionaries 
gladly,  and  attended  upon  their  ministry,  but 
the  very  presence  of  these  sngi^estel  and 
awalceuei  a  desire  in  their  hearts  for  teichers 
of  their  own  faith.  This  was  but  natural.  The 
influence  of  these  French  Canadian  subjects  of 
Greit  Britain  ovar  the  Indiana  was  very  greit, 
and  it  was  soon  felt  agiinst  tlie  Protestant 
missions.  As  we  have  shown  in  our  chapter  on 
"The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  the  Protest- 
ant Missions,"  the  leading  men  of  that  com- 
pany did  all  they  could  to  encourage  their 
coming  and  facilitate  thsir  work  when  here, 
because  they  were  British  subjects,  and  because 
they  were  Roman  Catholics,  and  therefore  most 
against  the  only  American  influence  then  in  the 
country — the  Protestant  missions.  This  they 
had  a  right  to  do,  and  our  duty  is  only  to 
record  it. 

But  the  coming  of  the  R  )man  Catholic  priests 
introduced  an  element  of  discord  and  trouble 
in  the  country  that  bore  very  bitter  fruit  in 
after  years,  and  this  seems  the  only  proper  place 
to  fairly  consider  it.  This  we  shall  try  to  do 
both  judiciously  and  judicially,  "with  malice 
toward  none,  with  charity  for  all." 

It  is  necessary  to  observe  that  there  had  been 
no  controversies  between,  nor  Ijecause  of,  the 
missions  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  and  those  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  There  were  two 
reasons  for  this.  First,  the  religious  ends  before 
both  wore  the  same;  they  were  not  aiming  to 
make  sectaries  of  the  Indians,  but  to  make 
Christians  of  them.  Second,  they  were  all 
Americans,  and  therefore  there  was  no  division 
on  political  or  national  gronnds.  The  priests  of 
the  Romish  Church  differed  from   the   Protest- 


ants at  both  th'3se  points,  and  that  difference 
was  at  the  basis  of  all  th?  bitter  CDntroversies  of 
that  period  of  Orjgon  history,  ami  of  thusa  that 
have  beei  continue!  from  it  d  )wa  to  the  pres- 
ent by  s)me  writers  on  both  sides, — a  c:)ni'ro- 
versy  into  which  we  shall  not  enter  further  than 
to  state  it  historically. 

It  is  exceeding  difiiault  to  discuss  religious 
differences  so  that  the  discussion  itself  does  not 
become  a  special  plea  on  tlig  side  of  the  writer 
himself.  It  is  equally  difficult  to  mak^  such 
discussion  reasonably  intelligent  to  the  un- 
churched reader.     But  we  will  try  to  do  both. 

Of  course  the  original  basis  of  the  contro- 
versy was  theological,  churchly, — Romanism  vs. 
Protestantism, — which  is  true  and  which  is 
false?  This  we  do  not  debate,  but  it  was  the 
core  of  the  trouble.  Out  of  the  convictions  of 
either  party  and  both  parties  on  this  subject 
came  their  intense  zeal  and  bitterness  against 
each    other. 

The  Protestant  mission  and  missionaries  on 
the  whole  took  too  much  counsel  of  their  preju- 
dices and  desires.  They  did  not  suffijiently 
consider  that  the  Romish  priests  hal  the  same 
rights  in  the  country,  either  religiously  or  po- 
litically, as  they  had.  Their  loing  first  gave 
them  no  pre-emptive  right  to  control  the  religion 
of  the  people.  To  a  very  great  degree  they  for- 
got or  ignored  this  very  obvious  and  fundamen- 
tal principle  of  human  freedom:  consequently 
they  met  the  priests  with  protests  against  their 
presence,  and  probably  a  somewhat  acrimonious 
denunciation  of  their  teachings  if  not  of  them- 
selves. It  is  very  clear  to  any  candid  reader  of 
the  historical  literature  of  this  period  that  such 
was  especially  the  spirit  of  the  missionaries  of 
the  American  Board,  as  it  was,  to  a  less  extent, 
of  those  of  the  Methodist  Board.  Instances 
might  be  given  and  language  quoted  to  evidence 
this,  but  its  concession  by  a  Protestant  writer  is 
sutlicient. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  priests  made  it  a  special 
purpose  to  break  down  and  destroy  the  Protest- 
ant missions.  Instead  of  opening  new  fields  to 
any  considerable  extent,  they  established   their 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


missions  almost  by  the  very  doors  of  the  Protest- 
ant missions.  Tliey  declared  it  to  be  their  pur- 
pose to  antagonize  and  destroy  them.  This  was 
in  entire  consistency  with  their  beliefs  as  church- 
men, and  we  do  not  write  of  it  as  a  crime,  but 
simply  as  a  fact,  leaving  the  reader  to  his  own 
conclusions.  Kev.  F.  N.  Blanchet,  afterward 
archbishop  of  Oregon  City,  with  whom  the 
writer  had  a  personal  acquaintance,  wrote  his- 
torically, at  a  later  day,  of  the  work  of  their 
priests  at  that  time,  thus: 

"  They  were  to  warn  their  flocks  against  the 
danger  of  seduction,  to  destroy  the  false  im- 
pression already  received,  to  enlighten  and  con- 
tirm  the  faith  of  the  Avavering  and  deceived 
consciences,  *  *  *  and  it  was  enough  for 
them  to  hear  that  some  false  prophet  [meaning 
Protestant  missionary]  had  penetrated  into  a 
place,  or  intended  visiting  some  locality,  to  in- 
duce the  missionaries  to  go  there  immediately, 
to  defend  the  faith  and  keep  error  from  propa- 
gating itself." 

In  another  place,  and  in  reference  to  the  par- 
ticular mission  of  the  Metbodist  Church  at 
Nesqually,  north  of  the  Columbia  river,  the 
same  eminent  ecclesiastic  wrote: 

'•  The  Hrst  mission  to  Nesqually  w-as  made  by 
Father  Demers,  who  celei)rated  the  first  mass  in 
the  fort  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  on  April 
22  (1839),  the  day  after  he  arrived.  His  visit 
at  such  a  time  was  forced  upon  him  by  the 
establishment  of  a  Methodist  mission  for  the 
Indians.  *  *  *  After  having  given  orders 
to  build  a  chapel,  and  said  mass  outside  the 
fort,  he  parted  with  them,  blessing  the  Lord  for 
the  success  of  his  mission  among  the  whites 
and  Indians,  and  reached  Cowlitz  on  Monday, 
the  30th,  with  the  conviction  that  his  mission 
at  Nesqually  had  left  a  very  feeble  chance  for  a 
Methodist  mission  there. 

This  statement  of  this  most  influential  and 
controlling  man  in  regard  to  the  modes  and  pur- 
poses of  the  work  of  the  Eoman  Catholic  mis- 
sions, certainly  justifies  the  statement  we  have 
made  in  regard  to  them,  historically. 

Among  the  Indians  the  Catholic  missionaries 


were  more  successful  than  the  Protestant,  in  the 
sense  of  gaining  more  adherents.  Their  meth- 
ods and  principles  made  this  inevitable.  "With 
them  Christians  were  constituted  by  sacraments; 
with  the  Protestants,  by  life.  With  them  bap- 
tism opened  the  door  of  the  kingdom  of  heaven; 
with  the  Protestants,  a  renewed  nature.  The 
difference  was  radical  and  w^ith  uninstructed 
and  unreasoning  Indians,  altogether  in  favor  of 
the  Romanists.  The  symbols  and  ceremonies  of 
that  church  were  far  more  alluring  to  the  In- 
dian, easily  approachable  through  his  sensuous 
organs,  but  harder  to  reach  through  reason  and 
conscience,  than  were  the  high  idealism  and 
lofty  spirituality  of  Protestant  teaching.  Mr. 
Blanchet  was  right  when  he  said:  "The  sight  of 
the  altar  vestments,  sacred  vessels  and  great 
ceremonies  were  drawing  their  attention  a  great 
deal  more  than  the  cold,  unavailable,  long  lay 
services  of  Brother  Waller;"  and  this  fully  ac- 
counts for  the  greater  influence  of  the  priests 
over  the  Indian  mind.  There  was,  however, 
another  reason  that  should  be  noted,  namely^ 
the  influence  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
over  the  Indians,  which  was  very  great  and 
always  favorable  to  the  Romanists,  while  the 
Protestants  were  in  close  affiliation  with  the 
Americans, — indeed,  at  this  time  constituted 
the  American  element  of  the  country.  It  can 
hardly  be  necessary  to  draw  this  parallel  and 
contrast  further. 

From  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  Messrs. 
Blanchet  and  Demers,  in  1838,  priests  continued 
to  arrive  and  scatter  over  the  country.  In 
1847,  nine  years  after  the  first  arrival,  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church  had  so  increased  that  Ore- 
gon City  was  constituted  an  episcopal  see, 
with  Rev.  F.  N.  Blanchet  as  its  bishop.  The 
otal  number  of  clergymen  employed  was 
twenty-six,  with  five  churches  in  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  three  north  of  the  Columbia  river, 
with  quite  a  number  of  Indian  missions  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.  It  can  hardly 
be  needful  to  follow  the  history  of  these  mis- 
sions, as  separate  departments  of  the  life  of  the 
common  northwest,  farther. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  HUDSON'S  BAY  COMPANY. 

How  Constituted — Sib  Alexander  McKenzie — ATriTUDE  Toward  the  Country — -Extent  of  its 
Operations — The  Northwestern  Company — Union  of  the  Companies — Stakes  Played  fob 
— Dr.  John  McLoughlin — Growth  of  the  Company — Captain  Bonneville  and  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company — Captain  Wyeth  and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company — Erection  of  Fort 
Hall — Reaches  Vancouver — Fort  William  Built — Sale  to  Hudson's  Bay  Company — All 
Rivalry  Crushed — Ruling  Policy  of  the  Company — Statement  of  a  Chaplain — ^The 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  Socially. 


THE  Hudson's  Bay  Company  was  consti- 
tuted l:)y  royal  charter,  given  by  Charles 
II.  on  the  16th  day  of  May,  i670.  It 
gave  the  "government  and  company  and 
their  successors  the  exclusive  right  to  trade,  fish 
and  hunt  in  the  waters,  bays,  rivers,  lakes  and 
creeks  entering  into  the  Hudson's  straits,  to- 
gether with  all  the  land  and  territories  not 
already  occupied  or  granted  to  any  of  the  king's 
subjects  or  possessed  by  the  subjects  of  any 
other  Christian  prince  or  State."  The  company 
had  eighteen  original  incorporators,  at  the  head 
of  whom  was  Prince  Rupert;  hence  the  name 
Eupert's  Land  was  once  given  to  that  region. 
The  first  object  of  the  company,  as  named  in  its 
charter,  was  "the  discovery  of  a  new  passage 
into  the  South  Sea,"  as  the  Pacific  ocean  was 
then  generally  called. 

Some  curious  and  interesting  facts  touching 
the  pretended  ownership  of  the  region  in  which 
these  "exclusive  rights"  were  thus  presumptu- 
ously ceded,  appear  both  before  and  after  this 
time.  In  1631,  Charles  I.  of  England  had  re- 
signed to  Louis  XIII.  of  France  tlie  sovereignty 
of  the  country,  and  the  French  king  gave  a 
charter  to  a  French  company  who  occupied  it, 
and  it  was  called  Acadia,  or  New  France.  Not- 
withstanding Great  Britain,  by  this  act  of 
Charles  I.,  had  thus  given  up  its  right  to  tlie 
somewhat  mythical  region  indicated,  the  second 
Charles  reasserted  that  right  in  the  giving 
of  this  charter  to  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 
Still,  in  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  Ryswick,  in 


1697,  twenty-seven  years  aft^r  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  received  its  charter,  the  whole 
country  was  confirmed  to  France  by  Great 
Britain,  and  no  reservation  of  British  rights,  or 
of  the  rights  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
was  made.  This,  at  the  present  time,  since  all 
question  of  rights,  real  or  pretended,  have  been 
definitely  settled,  is  of  interest  only  as  showing 
upon  what  flimsy  pretexts  the  sovereigns  of 
western  Europe  asserted  ownership  of  vast 
regions  of  country  on  the  American  continent, 
and  how  they  used  these  "rights"  as  the  small 
change  that  settled  balances  in  their  accounts 
with  each  other,  not  more  than  200  years  ago. 
For  100  years  little  comparatively  of  interest 
attached  to  the  company,  and  a  few  results  of 
public  importance  are  recorded.  Something 
was  done  in  the  line  of  geographical  discoveries 
in  the  noi'thwestern  parts  of  America,  and  the 
leaders  of  the  company  were  growing  hopeless 
of  the  discovery  of  an  inland  channel  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  About  1778,  Frobisher 
established  a  trading  post  on  lake  Athabasca, 
about  1,200  miles  from  lake  Superior.  Ten 
years  later  it  was  abandoned  and  Fort  Chippe- 
wyan  was  built  on  the  southwest  shore  of  the 
same  water.  From  this  post  Sir  Alexander 
Mackenzie  made  an  expedition  down  the  river 
that  bears  his  name,  to  the  Arctic,  and  returned 
in  102  days.  In  the  autumn  of  1791,  he  started 
to  explore  a  route  to  the  South  Sea, — the  Pacific 
ocean.  He  ascended  Peace  river  to  its  head  in 
the  Rocky  mountains,  and  in  thatdreary  solitude 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


made  his  winter  quarters  witli  liis  ten  men. 
They  were  snowbound  until  May,  when  tliey 
resumed  their  journey,  and  in  June  came  to  the 
divide,  and  saw  for  the  first  time  the  waters 
that  flowed  toward  the  Pacific, — a  sight  that  no 
white  man  had  ever  before  beheld.  In  July 
they  came  in  sight  of  the  sea  and  were  soon 
upon  its  shores.  There,  on  a  bold  rock,  facing 
Asia,  this  great  explorer  painted  in  vermilion 
these  words:  "Alexander  Mackenzie,  from 
Canada  by  land,  the  twenty-second  of  July,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-three." 
This  was  the  first  expedition  of  white  men 
across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  It 
was  a  great  feat,  and  had  in  it  the  presage  of 
great  events,  to  which  our  history  will  soon 
come.  So  valuable  were  his  discoveries  con- 
sidered to  Great  Britain  that  lie  was  rewarded 
for  them  by  the  honor  of  knighthood  in  1801. 
Mackenzie  was  a  man  of  far  more  than  or- 
dinary ability.  He  had  a  statesmanlilie  grasp 
of  mind,  unconquerable  determination,  clear 
and  penetrating  foresight,  and  by  his  personal 
explanations  and  recommendations  laid  a  foun- 
dation for  md.ch  of  the  subsequent  claims  of 
Great  Britain  to  the  i-egions  west  of  the  Eocky 
mountains,  and  to  more  of  the  future  progress 
"and  prosperity  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  on 
that  field.  The  point  he  reached  on  the  Pacific 
coast  was  within  the  present  limits  of  British 
Columljia  (latitude  53°  21'),  and  clearly  within 
the  limits  of  the  claim  made  by  the  United 
States,  which  afterward  became  the  slogan  of  a 
great  national  party  in  one  of  the  most  exciting 
presidential  contests  in  our  history,  when  "The 
whole  of  Oregon  or  none,"  "  Kilty- Four  Forty 
or  Fight,"  streamed  on  banners  and  were 
shouted  by  the  people  all  over  the  land.  He 
was  the  first  and  ablest  representative  of  Great 
Britain  in  her  quest  for  other  empire  on  the 
American  continent  as  a  compensation  for  that 
wiiich  had  been  snatched  from  her  grasp  by  the 
American  Eevolution  that  had  closed  but  ten 
years  before. 

The  attitude  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
toward  the  vast  region  over  which   its  charter 


assumed  to  give  autliority  was  actually  that  of 
sovereignty.  They  legislated  for  it,  governed 
it,  made  war  and  peace  w  ithin  it,  and  all  other 
people  were  forbidden  to  "  visit,  haunt,  frequent, 
trade,  trafiic,  or  adventure"  within  it.  There 
was,  of  course,  a  confession  of  allegiance  to  the 
crown  of  Great  Britain,  in  tlie  fact  that  their 
charter  was  from  it,  but  the  power  of  the  com- 
pany was  practically  absolute.  For  all  these  rights 
and  prerogatives  the  company  was  to  pay  an  an- 
nual revenueof  "two  elks  and  two  black  beavers," 
to  be  collected  on  the  grounds  of  the  company. 

With  such  unlimited  prerogatives,  in  such  a 
vast  and  productive  field  of  trade,  the  company 
could  not  but  rapidly  increase  in  wealth  and 
power.  With  these  came  a  grasping  avarice 
and  a  bold  and  inexorable  spirit.  The  company 
stretched  out  its  arms  like  a  huge  commercial 
octopus,  and  drew  into  itself  all  opposing  and 
rival  interests  from  the  Yukon  to  the  Sacra- 
mento, from  the  Arctic  to  Salt  Lake,  and  from 
the  St.  Law'rence  to  the  mouth  of  the  Colum- 
bia. What  came  in  and  what  went  out  of  the 
country  was  at  its  dictation.  Tlie  Indian  and 
the  European  alike  did  the  bidding  of  the  giant 
monopoly.  Not  to  do  it  was  to  perish.  This 
power  was  reaching  out  and  preparing  to  enfold 
in  its  grasp  all  of  the  Pacific  Coast  from  Amer- 
ican Russia  to  Spanish  California. 

The  original  stock  of  this  company  was  only 
$50,820.  In  fifty  years  it  had  made  its  stock- 
holders rich,  besides  trebling,  its  stock  twice  by 
profits  alone.  In  1821  its  capital  stock  had 
gone  up  to  $457,380,  and  in  that  year  it  ab- 
sorbed the  Northwest  Company  of  Montreal, 
with  a  capital  equal  to  its  own. 

The  Noi-thwest  Company  was  the  Canadian- 
British  rival  and  competitor  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company.  It  was  organized  by  the  prin- 
cipal merchants  of  Montreal  in  1787,  especially 
to  control  and  monopolize  the  fur  trade  over  the 
boundless  forests  of  the  Canadas,  and  stretch- 
ing westw^ard  and  northward  along  lakes  Huron 
and  Superior  to  the  chain  of  great  and  small 
lakes,  to  lakes  Winnipeg  and  Athabasca,  and 
along  the  Saskatchewan  and  the  Red  River  of 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


87 


the  North,  following  up  the  game  and  the  In- 
dians wherever  they  could  be  found.  Though 
these  were  both  British  companies,  yet  the  riv- 
alry and  hostility  between  them  was  as  radical 
as  they  could  have  been  between  either  of  them 
and  any  rival  American  company. 

There  were  many  reasons  for  that  hostility. 
The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  was  the  older  and 
more  powerful,  and  held  lettei's  patent  from  the 
British  crown,  and  its  organization  and  personnel 
were  more  distinctively  English  than  the  other, 
M'hich  was  largely  of  the  French-Canadian  type. 
Besides,  the  great  profitableness  of  the  fur 
trade  at  that  time  made  it  a  prize  for  commer- 
cial adventure  eagerly  to  contend  for.  Hence, 
as  tiie  Northwest  Company  was  reaping  a  ricii 
harvest  from  its  trade  in  the.se  regions,  and  was 
pushing  that  trade  farther  and  farther  west- 
ward and  southward  and  northward,  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  began  to  set  up  rival  estab- 
lishments and  place  rival  traders  by  the  side  of 
theirs.  Personal  friendship  could  not  long 
continue  where  commercial  interests  came  into 
such  sharp  competition.  The  result  was  open 
M'ar  between  the  two  companies.  Forts  were 
captured,  prisoners  taken  atid  held  in  captivity: 
natives  of  the  same  country  and  subjects  of  the 
same  king.  Earl  Selkirk,  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  resolved  to  establish  a  colony  of 
Scotch  and  Irish  Hudson's  Bay  people  on  the 
Red  river,  where  was  the  great  depot  of  the 
Northwest  Company,  and  which  that  company 
considered  its  own  ground.  His  first  attempt 
was  a  partial  I'ailiire,  but  he  was  skillful  and  de- 
termined enough  to  detach  some  of  the  most 
important  partisans  of  the  Northwest  Companj' 
from  its  service,  and  to  unite  them  to  that  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Among  them 
was  Colin  Robertson,  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful traders  and  astute  administrators  of  the 
company,  to  whom  he  committed  the  control  of 
the  interests  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in 
all  that  region.  He  pursued  a  most  vigorous 
policy  against  the  company  with  which  he  was 
so  lately  identified.  The  colony  at  Red  river 
was  re-established.     Tiiis    only  intensified   the 


strife,  and  finally  led  to  several  severe  battles, 
ill  one  of  which  Governor  Semple  of  the  Red 
River  colony  and  five  other  officers  of  the  colony 
and  fifteen  men  were  killed.  The  result  of 
these  conflicts,  on  the  whole,  was  favorable  to 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  but  they  left  the 
companies  exhausted,  and  in  1821,  to  save  any- 
thing from  the  wreck  of  the  conflict,  tiie  com- 
panies amalgamated,  and  the  name  of  the 
Northwest  Company  was  lost,  all  becoming  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

The  strongest  play  of  this  now  twice-grown 
giant  for  the  heaviest  stakes  was  yet  to  be  cast. 
While  in  London  and  in  Washington  diplomats 
were  debating,  and  governments  trying  to  foil 
each  other  by  a  play  of  technicalities,  this  giant 
corporation  was  nurturing  all  its  powers  and 
gathering  up  all  its  resources  ready  to  cast  them 
into  the  scale,  when  at  last  the  contending 
nations  should  poise  the  beam  for  a  last  de- 
cision. Its  play  was  first  for  itself,  after  that 
for  great  Britain,  but  always  against  America. 

AVhat  this  company  first  desii-ed  was  to  hold 
the  country  over  which  it  ruled  with  such  abso- 
lute sway  in  its  old  condition  of  liarbarism.  It 
had  no  instinct  of  civilization  in  it.  It  cared 
nothing  for  humanity — for  man — only  as  man 
could  be  made  a  machine  for  the  use  of  its 
money-making  greed.  For  its  j^urposes  a  stolid 
and  unreasoning  Indian,  with  bow  and  steel- 
trap,  roaming  the  hills  or  trapping  the  water 
courses  for  bear  or  beaver,  was  worth  far  more 
than  the  scholar  in  the  schoolroom,  or  the  plow- 
man in  tlie  field.  The  Indian's  wigwam  was 
better  than  marble  palaces.  The  silent  prow  of 
the  birchen  canoe  was  far  more  to  be  desired 
than  the  rush  and  roar  of  the  wheels  of  the 
steamer.  The  sharp  crack  of  the  huntsman's 
rifle  in  the  dark  forest  was  far  more  musical  to 
their  ears  than  the  roar  of  the  paved  streets  of 
the  metropolis.  All  these,  and  everything 
kindred  to  these,  were  what  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  thus  sought  for  itself. 

Let  the  reader  pause  a  little  here  and  remem- 
ber that  the  region  this  company  was  thus  en- 
deavoring, by  the    unscrupulous   use  of  all   its 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


power,  to  save  to  itself,  and  for  that  end  tokeep 
in  its  old  barbaric  state,  was  all  that  wonderful 
land  in  which  now  the  four  great  States  of  the 
American  Dnion — Oregon,  Washington,  Mon- 
tana, and  Idaho — then  all  called  Oregon — now 
holding  a  population,  a  wealth  and  a  culture 
greater  than  the  entire  thirteen  States  at  the 
close  of  the  Revolution.  Let  him  add  to  this 
all  of  British  Columbia,  itself  a  very  empire  of 
prosperous  and  cultivated  civilization,  and  he 
will  see  for  what  enormous  stakes  this  powerful 
company  was  playing  its  desperate  game  from 
the  time  of  its  union  with  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany for  at  least  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Surely 
the  prize  for  which  it  struggled  was  well  worth 
all  its  ventures. 

Next  to  the  keeping  of  the  country  for  its 
own  purposes  of  trade,  it  was  the  wish  of  this 
company  to  put  enough  vested  interests  in  it  to 
swing  the  scale  of  ultimate  ownership  in  favor 
of  Great  Britain.  Indeed  it  early  became  ap- 
parent to  the  company  that  this  was  the  only 
means  of  saving  it  to  itself.  Of  disinterested 
patriotism — country  for  country's  sake — it  had 
none.  Notwithstanding  many  of  its  leaders 
and  managers  were  eminent  in  abilities,  and 
even  high  in  the  confidence  of  the  English  gov- 
ernment, they  lived  and  wrought  and  wrote 
with  this  ultimate  end  forever  in  view, — subor- 
dinating country  to  company  and  patriotism  to 
pelf. 

We  do  not  mean  to  say  that  in  this  these 
men  were  worse  than  other  men.  They  were 
like  other  men;  and  in  their  very  faithfulness 
to  the  ends  for  which  their  company  existed 
there  was  much  that  the  historian  must  admire, 
though  he  may  not  commend  the  end  for  which 
they  so  strongly  strove.  No  company's  affairs 
were  ever  more  ably  administered,  nor  were 
means  ever  more  wisely  adapted  to  ends,  than 
here.  The  agents  of  the  company  were  every- 
where, watchful,  vigilant;  friends,  if  friendship 
would  serve  their  jjurposes  best,  but  enemies  as 
readily  as  friends,  if  enmity  better  secured  the 
object  for  which  the  company  existed.  Such 
was  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  when  history 


brings  us  to  the  verge  of  the  decisive  conflict  of 
diplomacy,  almost  of  arms,  for  the  ultimate 
ownei-ship  of  Oregon. 

With  the  union  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany with  the  Northwest  Company  in  1821, 
there  came  into  the  consolidated  and  greatly 
enlarged  Hudson's  Bay  Company  a  gentleman 
destined  to  a  larger  place  and  greater  influence 
in  its  history,  and   the  history   of  the  country 


Dr.  JOHN    McLOUGHLIN. 

for  a  full  quarter  of  a  century,  than  any  other 
man.  It  was  Dr.  John  McLoughlin.  The 
position  he  occupied  and  the  influence  he  ex- 
erted in  the  country  fully  justifies  us  in  paus- 
ing in  the  midst  of  our  story  to  give  some  brief 
characterization  of  this  historic  personage. 

Dr.  John  McLoughlin  was  by  birth  a  Cana- 
dian, by  blood  a  Scotch-Englishman.  He  was 
an  educated  physician,  and  early  entered  the 
service  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Company  as  such, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  at  Winnipeg.  Such 
was  his  zeal  and  intelligence,  however,  that  he 
exercised  a  very  commanding  influence  over  the 
counsels  of   the  company,  and  at  length,   when 


HISTORT    OF    WMHJNOTON. 


liis  company  was  merged  into  the  Hudson's 
Bay,  lie  became  a  factor  in  tliat  company,  in 
which  his  abilities  received  their  legitimate 
appreciation,  and  he  was  made  governor  of  all 
its  territory  and  business  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  This  made  him  practically  a  dic- 
tator in  a  country  1,200  miles  long  and  1,000 
miles  broad. 

In  person  Dr.  McLonghlin  was  of  most  im- 
posing mien.  He  stood  six  feet  and  three 
inches  in  his  moccasins — for  he  wore  the  Indian 
moccasin  generally  to  the  end  of  his  life, — was 
erect  as  a  fir  tree,  and  moved  with  a  stately 
and  even  majestic  tread.  His  face  was  full  and 
fl(n-id  and  cleanly  shaven,  and  his  eye  a  clear 
blue  When  the  writer's  personal  acquaintance 
with  him  began,  in  1853,  his  full  hair  was  like 
a  silver  crown,  and  worn  full  and  flowing,  reach- 
ing nearly  to  his  shoulders,  and  his  eye  had  yet 
a  quick  and  darting  fire.  His  movements  were 
decisive,  if  not  quick.  His  voice  in  ordinary 
conversation  was  low,  and  his  speech  somewhat 
slow,  but  when  excited  it  rang  sharply  and  de- 
cisively out,  like  that  of  a  man  who  was  accus- 
tomed to  his  own  way  in  all  that  he  cared  to  do 
at  all.  The  writer  was  then  a  young  man,  just 
entering  npon  his  life-work  in  Oregon,  while 
Dr.  McLoughlin  had  then  for  some  years  been 
a  private  citizen;  but  his  appearance  was  so 
venerable  and  august,  his  position  in  the  coun- 
try had  been  so  commanding  and  his  history  so 
I'einarkable,  that  he  seemed  to  my  imagination 
the  most  impressive  personality  I  had  ever 
beheld.  To  this  day  I  doubt  whether  a  more 
imposing  physical  presence  ever  walked  the 
streets  of  this  great  Northwest  than  that  of 
Dr.  John  McLoughlin. 

His  character  was  as  marked  as  his  presence. 
He  had  a  very  high  sense  of  personal  honor, 
and  his  integrity  was  beyond  question.  He  was 
generous  and  humane  to  an  unusual  degree. 
Quite  a  number,  now  among  our  wealthy  and 
distinguished  citizens,  owe  their  first  commer- 
cial positions  in  the  trade  of  this  coast  to  his 
helpful  hand.  And,  after  the  acrimonies  aris- 
ing   from    the    position    of  the   Hudson's  Bay 


Company,  of  which  he  was  chief  factor,  as  the 
overwhelming  monopoly  of  the  coast,  have 
passed  largely  out  of  the  personal  remembrance 
of  the  people,  and  Dr.  McLoughlin  is  remem- 
bered only  as  the  man  and  the  citizen  that  he 
appeared  after  he  closed  his  connection  with 
that  gigantic  corporation,  there  is  no  name  held 
in  higher  veneration  by  the  citizens  of  Oregon 
than  his. 

With  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  the  period 
from  1821  to  1833  was  an  era  of  growth,  and 
yet  of  consolidation.  Nothing  occurred  to  dis- 
turb the  equanimity  of  its  rule.  Its  power 
touched  every  center  and  circumference  of  the 
vast  territory  of  its  operations.  True,  some 
American  fur  companies,  like  that  of  Sublette, 
Smith  and  Bridger,  or  some  independent  trad- 
ers and  trappers  like  Bonneville  and  AVyeth, 
now  and  then  ventured  over  the  line  of  its 
assumed  rights  along  the  gorges  of  the  Kocky 
mountains,  but  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
had  only  to  speak  and  they  disappeared.  Even 
before  this  era  it  had  absorbed  Astor's  com- 
pany, as  we  have  before  noticed.  It  would 
extend  this  portion  of  our  work  unduly  were 
we  to  follow  in  detail  the  adventures  of  the 
gentlemen  and  servants  of  this  company  through 
this  decade  of  its  greatest  power  and  prosper- 
ity. During  this  time  the  diplomatic  debate 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  as 
to  the  ownership  of  Oregon  passed  through 
many  changes,  but  seemed  not  to  advance 
toward  any  settlement.  Both  parties  were 
claimants  of  the  country,  but  both  were  wary, 
procrastinating,  and  fearful  of  a  final  tender  of 
terms.  Gieat  Britain  seemed  to  have  justest 
reason  to  postpone  decision.  The  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  was  British.  It  held  the  situa- 
tion with  a  grasp  it  seemed  nothing  could  un- 
loose. Its  brigades  of  boats  were  on  every 
stream  and  its  hunters  and  trapjiers  on  every 
trail.  There  were  literally  none  to  oppose 
tliem.  Their  small  but  wonderful  circle  of 
leaders  like  Simpson,  McLoughlin  and  Douglas, 
were  planning  with  marvelous  foresight  and 
ability  to  retain  for  England   what  their  former 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


enterprise  and  courage  had  apparently  gained, 
all  the  Pacitic  coast  fi-om  California  to  the 
Knssian  possessions, — a  region  they  well  knew 
to  be  among  the  fairest  and  most  fruitful  on 
the  globe.  Tliej  held  a  first  mortgage — that  of 
possession  upon  it.  Give  them  but  time  and 
they  would  do  the  rest.  So  diplomacy  waited 
upon  possession,  trusting  that  might  would 
make  right,  and  the  young  republic  on  the 
Atlantic  shore  would  in  some  critical  and  nerv- 
ous hour  surrender  to  power  what  was  clearly 
her  own  right  in  law.  Biit  both  Britain  and 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  left  out  of 
their  account  the  element  most  determinative 
of  history,  as  we  shall  subsequently  see.  Mean- 
while the  relations  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany with  competitors  in  its  field,  whether 
associated  or  individual,  require  some  consid- 
eration. 

Subsequent  to  the  defeat  of  the  grand  project 
of  John  Jacob  Astor,  as  already  related,  the  ex- 
pedition of  Captain  Bonneville  was  the  first  that 
held  within  itself  any  real  threat  to  the  suprem- 
acy of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  the  region 
then  known  as  Oregon.  As  it  seems  needful, 
to  maintain  the  continuity  of  history,  and  en- 
able our  readers  to  understand  the  latent,  as  well 
as  the  obvious,  causes  that  finally  wrought  out 
the  history  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  to  give 
some  brief  account  of  that  expedition,  a  few 
sentences  regarding  Captain  Bonneville  hei-e 
will  be  acceptable  to  the  reader: 

He  was  of  French  parentage,  born  in  the  city 
of  New  York  about  the  close  of  the  American 
Revolution.  He  inherited  all  the  French  vola- 
tility and  fervor  of  imagination,  though  it  was 
disciplined  in  his  early  years  by  mathematical 
studies.  He  was  educated  in  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  from  which 
he  entered  the  army,  and  was  for  a  number  of 
years  stationed  on  the  far  western  frontier.  The 
inactive  and  uneventful  life  of  a  soldier  in  time 
of  peace  ill  suited  his  active  and  adventurous 
temperament,  and  naturally  his  eyes  turned  to- 
ward the  unexplored  regions  of  the  Rocky 
mountains  as  the  field  offering  incident  and  ex- 


citement enough  to  gratify  his  atnbition.  He 
obtained  leave  of  absence  from  the  army,  and 
secured  from  the  major-general  commanding  it, 
from  the  secretary  of  war  and  from  the  presi- 
dent more  than  a  quasi-indorsement  of  his 
plans.  He  succeeded  in  interesting  with  him- 
self Alfred  Seaton,  of  New  York,  a  gentleman 
of  high  respectability  and  influence,  and  formed 
an  association  with  adequate  means  for  the 
prosecution  of  his  expensive  project.  Mr.  Sea- 
ton  was  the  more  ready  to  aid  Captain  Bonne- 
ville from  having  been  associated  with  Mr. 
Astor's  enterprise,  as  he  was  one  of  the  patriot- 
ic American  youths  who  were  at  Astoria  at  the 
time  of  its  surrender  to  the  British.  He  hoped 
to  contribute  to  the  raising  again  of  the  flag  of 
his  own  country  on  the  shores  of  the  Columbia. 
Captain  Bonneville  was  also  on  close  terms  with 
Mr.  Astor  himself. 

Prepared  for  his  adventurous  expedition, 
Captain  Bonneville  found  himself  in  the  early 
spring  of  1832  on  the  western  frontier  at  Fort 
Osage,  Missouri,  where  he  enlisted  a  force  of 
110  men,  mostly  experienced  in  the  craft  of  the 
plains  and  mountains,  and  ready  for  any  enter- 
prise of  profit  or  danger.  On  the  Istof  Mayof 
that  year  he  began  his  march  westward. 

To  Captain  Bonneville  belongs  the  historic 
distinction  of  first  conducting  wagons  to  and 
over  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  This 
was  a  distinct  gain  for  civilization,  as  it  intro- 
duced civilized  methods  of  locomotion  in  the 
place  of  those  of  the  barbarous  Indian  or  the 
white  marauder.  These  first  meant  every  suc- 
ceeding wheel  of  trader  or  emigrant  or  locomo- 
tive; and,  though  the  world  did  not  see  it,  they 
meant  the  Pacific  coast  for  the  Americans  instead 
of  the  English. 

The  exciting  adventures  of  his  journey  west- 
ward cannot  be  followed  here.  His  route  was 
across  the  then  uupathed  solitudes  where  now 
are  the  wonderful  States  of  Kansas  and  Ne- 
bi-aska,  and  he  opened  for  wagons  the  identical 
road  traveled  by  emigrants  from  western  Mis- 
souri to  Oregon  until  the  rail-car  displaced  the 
ox-wagon,  nearly  forty   years  after  he  had  pio- 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Tieered  the  way.  From  tlie  1st  of  May  to  the 
24th  of  July  his  long  cavalcade  of  wagons  and 
horsemen  moved  slowly  westward  and  upward. 
At  noon  of  that  day  he  was  beyond  the  divide 
of  the  Kocky  mountains  and  encamped  on  a 
branch  of  Green  river,  then  called  Seeds-Kee 
Agio,  or  Sage  Hen  river.  On  the  27th  of  July 
he  reached  Green  river — the  "rendezvous"  of 
the  trappers  and  traders  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
for  that  year, —  at  least  a  hundred  miles  within 
the  limits  of  Oregon  as  the  maps  then  described  it. 

He  had  now  entered  a  region  of  indescribably 
wild  and  broken  mountain  ranges,  and  hence 
he  determined  here  to  abandon  his  wagons — 
the  first,  we  repeat,  ever  to  pass  the  gates  of  the 
Kocky  mountains — and  on  the  22d  of  August 
packed  his  horses  and  began  his  march  still 
westward,  having  selected  the  valley  of  Salmon 
river,  near  where  Salmon  City,  in  Idaho,  is  now 
situated,  as  the  place  for  his  winter's  cantonment. 

A  full  year  was  spent  in  the  region  contiguous 
to  this  place,  and  the  following  December  he 
established  his  winter  quarters  on  the  Portnenf 
river.  But  his  main  piirpose  in  coming  to  the 
mountains  was  yet  unfultilled.  When  all  was 
settled  for  bis  people  in  their  winter  encamp- 
ment, with  three  trusted  and  hearty  mountain- 
cheers  he  mounted  his  horse  on  Christmas  morn- 
ing of  1833,  for  an  expedition  of  great  peril,  as 
well  as  of  great  historic  importance,  namely, 
to  penetrate  the  Blue  mountains,  visit  the 
establishments  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
on  the  Columbia  river,  and  gain  such  informa- 
tion as  he  could  of  the  country  itself  and  of  the 
great  company  that  controlled   it. 

There  is  a  temptation  to  the  pen  of  the  writer 
to  follow  this  wonderful  midwinter  jouiney  of  this 
wonderfully  resolute  explorer  down  the  storm- 
swept  plains  of  the  Snake  river,  amid  the  snow- 
clad  summits  of  the  Blue  mountains,  across  the 
alway  interesting  "Grande  Ronde"  valley,  then 
along  a  devious  way  among  the  heights  of 
"Immaha,"  as  Bonneville  writes  it,  and  finally, 
of  the  Columbia  and  to  Fort  Walla  Walla,  the 
Columbia  river  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains; 
but  space  forbide  the  thrilling  account. 


Captain  Bonneville  reached  Fort  Walla  AValla 
on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1884.  Though  re- 
ceived politely,  as  a  man,  by  Mr.  Pambrun,  in 
charge  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  when 
he  sought  to  purchase  some  supplies  for  his  re- 
turn journey  to  the  Portneuf,  he  was  plainly 
told  he  could  have  nothing.  The  policy  of  that 
company  was  to  discourage  all  trade  and  all 
traders  but  its  own.  While  Captain  Bonneville 
was  a  guest  he  could  have  food  and  polite  at- 
tention as  such,  but  when  Captain  Bonneville 
was  on  the  trail,  a  trader  representing  an  Amer- 
ican interest,  he  was  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany a  foe,  and  it  were  better  to  that  great 
British  corporation  if  he  perished  than  if  he 
lived.  He  could  therefore  have  nothing.  Piqued 
and  irritated,  and  disdaining  to  receive  courtesies 
as  a  man  thatwere  forbidden  him  as  an  American, 
on  the  6th  day  of  March,  having  received  tiie 
hospitality  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  only 
two  days,  he  set  out  on  his  return  to  his  people 
in  the  valley  of  Snake  river.  After  many  vicis- 
situdes among  the  snows  of  the  Blue  mountains 
he  reached  the  place  of  their  encampuient  on 
the  1st  of  June. 

The  result  of  this  exploration  of  Captain  Bon- 
neville was  to  satisfy  him  of  two  things:  First, 
that  an  American  trade  could  profitably  be 
opened  in  the  valley  of  the  Cohimbia;  and,  sec- 
ond, that  any  such  attempt  would  meet  the 
determined  and  unscrupulous  opposition  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Future  events  demon- 
strated that  in  the  first  judgment  he  was  mis- 
taken, while  in  the  second  he  was  unhappily 
correct.  Still  such  was  the  conviction  of  his 
own  mind  that,  one  year  later,  he  prepared  to 
put  his  opinions  to  the  test  by  a  second  visit  to 
the  Columbia  at  the  head  of  a  trading  company 
of  twenty- three  men.  He  left  his  encampment 
on  Bear  river  on  the  8d  day  of  July,  1834.  again 
traversed  the  dreary  plains  of  Snake  river,  pene- 
trated the  Blue  mountains  near  the  line  of  the 
old  "emigrant  road"  and  reached  the  Umatil- 
la river  (called  "Ottolais"  by  him)  about  the 
middle  of  September.  Being  now  within  thirty 
miles  of  Fort  Walla  Walla,   he   sent   forward   a 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


detachment  of  his  company  to  procure  food,  as 
he  was  in  danger  of  famine.  They  met  with  a 
peremptory  refusal  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, who  added  to  the  inhospitality  of  refusing 
food  for  the  almost  famishing  camp,  an  attempt  to 
seduce  the  men  from  the  service  of  Captain  Bon- 
neville by  most  temptingoffers  of  employment  if 
they  would  abandon  his  employ.  They  refused, 
and  returned  to  the  camp  of  the  captain  empty- 
handed.  He  instantly  broke  up  his  camp,  fol- 
lowed down  the  Umatilla  river  to  the  Columbia, 
and  endeavored  to  open  a  trade  with  the  Indians 
for  fish  and  other  food,  but  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  had  forbidden  them  to  liold  any  com- 
munication with  the  Americans,  and  they  kept 
almost  entirely  out  of  his  sight.  He  endeavored 
to  force  his  way  down  the  Columbia  river  to  the 
Willamette,  where  he  intended  to  establish  his 
winter  quarters,  but  it  was  everywhere  the  same: 
not  an  article  of  provisions  could  be  obtained. 
To  keep  his  men  from  starvation  two  of  his 
horses  were  killed  for  food.  But  to  unhorse  his 
company  even  to  sustain  life  here  was  certainly 
to  lose  all  their  lives.  An  enemy  he  could  not 
see  confronted  him  everywhere,  and  inhospitable 
nature  seemed  in  league  with  thac  enemy  to  de- 
stroy him.  The  reader  need  not  be  told  that 
that  unseen  enemy  was  the  dread  and  deadly 
influence  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  poison- 
ing the  suspicious  and  timid  minds  of  the  In- 
dians against  all  that  was  American.  The  way 
before  him  to  the  Willamette  was  unknown. 
That  valley  itself  was  only  a  fable  to  his  men, 
lovely  and  rich  indeed  as  a  fable,  but  they  dared 
not  venture  farther.  Nothing  seemed  to  remain 
to  him  but  a  hasty  return  to  the  Blue  mountains, 
where  deer  and  elk  could  be  found  for  food,  or  death 
by  starvation  on  the  driving  Columbia  sands. 
The  alternative  of  return  and  life  was  chosen,  and 
reluctantly  he  faced  his  company  eastward  for 
the  mountains.  Thus  Bonneville's  struggle  to 
establish  an  American  traffic  on  the  Columbia  in 
opposition  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  ended 
in  utter  failure.  Few  among  the  men  of  the 
mountains  and  plains  at  that  time  had  the 
courage  and    caution   and    will    of    Bonneville, 


and  where  he  failed  none  need  hope  to  succeed. 

In  subsequent  years  Bonneville,  then  a  major 
in  the  United  States  army,  was  put  in  command 
of  the  troops  of  the  United  States  stationed  at 
the  old  Hudson's  Bay  post  of  Vancouver,  and 
there  the  writer  met  and  conversed  with  him  in 
the  autumn  of  1853,  suave,  intelligent,  filled 
with  pioneer  memories,  and  delighting  to  re- 
count the  incidents  of  his  three  years  in  the 
mountains  of  eastern  Oregon  from  1832  to  1835, 
where,  though  ostensibly  a  mere  trader,  lu^Was 
really  under  the  sanction  of  the  president  of  the 
United  States  as  an  observer  of  the  attitudes  and 
power  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  the  rep- 
resentative and  embodiment  of  the  British  Gov- 
ernment in  Oregon. 

After  the  power  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany had  compassed  the  defeat  of  Bonneville's 
well-laid  schemes,  the  next  to  try  his  prowess 
against  it  was  Mr.  NathanielJ.  Wyeth,  of  Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts.  Indeed,  Mr.  Wyeth 's 
adventure  was  partly  contemporaneous  with 
Captain  Bonneville's,  though  its  disastrous  cul- 
mination was  somewhat  later.  Like  all  men 
who  assay  such  gigantic  undertakings,  Mr. 
Wyeth  was  ardent,  enthusiastic,  determined  and 
capable  of  inspiring  others  with  his  own  spirit. 
In  1832  he  organized  an  emigrating  company 
of  twenty-two  persons  in  Massachusetts,  for  the 
purpose  of  pi-oceeding  to  Oregon,  and,  together 
with  establishing  a  trade  with  the  Indians,  oc- 
cupy portions  of  the  country  as  settlers. 

With  this  company  he  started  westward. 
Knowing  little  of  practical  life  on  the  frontier, 
it  was  not  until  they  reached  St.  Louis  and  be- 
gan to  come  in  contact  with  such  men  as  the 
Sublettes  that  the  true  character  and  great  diffi- 
culty of  their  undertaking  began  to  dawn  upon 
their  minds.  Some  of  his  party  turned  back, 
but  Mr.  Wyeth  was  made  of  hardy  stuff,  and 
with  others  he  pushed  forward,  and  finally 
reached  the  Columbia  river  and  Vancouver; 
and,  having  made  a  somewhat  cursory  examina- 
tion of  the  country,  and  being  greatly  impressed 
with  its  beauty  and  resources,  returned  to  Bos- 
ton and  immediately  entered  on  preparations  to 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


forward  a  ship  load  of  suitable  merchandise  the 
foUowincr  year  for  the  Columbia,  while  he,  with 
an  associated  compuny  of  men,  should  return  to 
Oregon  by  land  and  enter  the  list  of  competition 
with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  the  very 
center  of  its  power. 

In  connection  with  this  journey  of  Mr.  Wy- 
etli  occurred  an  event  that  incidentally  illustra- 
ted the  ability  and  disposition  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  to  do  anything  at  any  cost  neces- 
sary to  control  the  trade  of  all  the  West.  It 
was  this: 

On  his  return  eastward  the  year  before,  Mi'. 
Wyeth  had  entered  into  a  contract  with  one  of 
the  Sublettes  in  the  Kocky  mountains  for  the 
deliver}'  of  a  large  invoice  of  merchandise  at  the 
rendezvous  of  the  following  year.  Mr.  Wyeth, 
true  to  his  part  of  the  contract,  brought  forward 
the  goods  and  had  them  at  the  rendezvous  on 
Green  river  the  latter  part  of  June.  Mr.  Sub- 
lette is  said  to  have  violated  his  part  of  the  con- 
tract under  the  urgent  advice  of  others,  and  Mr. 
Wyeth  found  himself  in  the  middle  of  the  con- 
tinent with  a  large  invoice  of  merchandise  for 
which  he  had  no  market.  He  was  highly  and 
justly  indignant,  and  told  Mr.  Sublette  and  his 
associates,  who  were  trying  to  monopolize  the 
American  trade  with  the  Indians,  that  he  "would 
roll  a  stone  into  their  garden  that  they  would 
not  be  able  to  get  rid  of."  He  immediately 
packed  his  goods,  went  on  westward  a  few  days' 
journey  and  erected  Fort  Hall,  on  Snake  river, 
where  he  deposited  his  goods  and  opened  a  trade 
with  the  Indians  and  mountain  men.  The 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  immediately  established 
Fort  Boise,  farther  down  Snake  river,  as  a  rival 
to  Fort  Hall.  Unable  to  cope  with  that  com- 
pany, Mr.  Wyeth  accepted  an  offer  from  it  for 
the  purchase  of  Fort  Hall,  and  thus  in  a  few 
months  fulfilled  his  justifiable  threat  to  Mr. 
Sublette  and  his  associates  by  installing  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  several  hundred  miles 
farther  east  than  it  bad  ever  established  a  post 
before.  No  rival  could  stand  before  that  company 
west  of   the  summits  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 

This  done,  Mr.  Wyeth  proceeded  westward  to 


Vancouver  to  await  the  arrival  of  his  vessel,  the 
brig  May  Dacre,  that  was  expected  in  Septem- 
ber. In  due  time  she  arrived,  anchored  in  the 
lower  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river,  and  be- 
gan discharging  her  cargo  on  Wapatoo,  now 
Sauvies,  island,  where  Mr.  Wyeth  ei'ected  a 
trading  post  called  Fort  William,  in  which  he 
deposited  his  goods,  and  where  he  assayed  to 
open  up  a  traffic.  His  position  was  both  well 
and  poorly  chosen.  It  was  central  to  the  lower 
Columbia  and  to  the  tribes  that  dwelt  upon  its 
banks,  who  traveled  mostly  in  canoes.  It  was 
easy  of  access  from  the  tribes  of  the  Willamette. 
It  was  where  sea-going  craft  could  easily  reach 
it.  In  these  respects  his  position  was  well 
chosen.  But  it  was  within  fifteen  miles  of 
Vancouver,  the  headquarters  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  and  in  immediate  rivalry  with 
its  most  astute  and  accomplished  leaders.  In 
this  respect  his  location  was  poorly  chosen,  and 
a  very  short  time  made  it  necessary  for  him 
here,  as  at  Fort  Hall,  to  accept  the  best  terms 
he  could  obtain  of  that  company  and  abandon 
his  enterprise,  and  even  the  country  itself.  Mr. 
Wyeth,  in  a  memorial  to  Congress  on  the  Ore- 
gon question  in  1839,  says  of  that  company: 
"  Experience  has  satisfied  me  that  the  entire 
weight  of  that  company  will  be  made  to  bear  on 
any  trader  who  shall  attempt  to  prosecute  his 
business  within  its  reach.  *  *  *  No  sooner 
does  an  American  concern  start  in  this  region 
than  one  of  its  trading  parties  is  put  in  motion. 
A  few  years  will  make  the  country  west  of  the 
mountains  as  completely  English  as  they  caq 
desire." 

With  this  complete  failure  of  Mr.  Wyeth's 
enterprise  terminated  the  last  organized  eifort 
of  American  traders  to  establish  a  successful 
rival  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  Oregon, 
either  for  trade  or  the  protection  of  American 
interests  and  the  advancement  pf  American 
claims  to  the  country  itself;  and  1834  closed 
and  1835  was  ushered  in  with  British  suprem- 
acy, represented  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
apparently  assured  in  all  tlie  country  of  the 
Columbia. 


lIIbTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


At  tliis  time,  1834,  the  Pludson's  Bay  Com- 
pany had  more  than  twenty  posts  in  Oregon, 
and  over  2,000  men  in  the  various  branches  of 
their  employ.  There  were  probably  not  a  hun- 
dred Americans  in  the  same  territory,  and  tliey 
were  hunters  and  trappers,  isolated  and  wander- 
ing over  a  vast  region  of  country,  too  few  to  be 
formidable,  and  too  dependent  on  the  hospi- 
tality of  that  company  to  be  dreaded  as  rivals. 
This  showed  Mr.  Wyeth's  statement  to  be  true, 
that  "  tlie  United  States  as  a  nation  are  un- 
known west  of  tlie  mountains."  The  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  ruled  stipreme,  and  there  seemed 
no  probability  to  those  on  the  ground  that  its 
supremacy  would  soon,  if  ever,  be  shaken.  It 
is  well,  therefore,  that  we  pause  here  and  take  a 
brief  survey  of  what  Oregon  was  in  this  su- 
preme iiour  of  Hudson's  Bay  domination. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  we  are  now  writ- 
ing of  Oregon  as  it  was  understood  in  1834,  ex- 
tending from  the  42°  to  54°  40'  of  north  lati- 
tude, and  from  the  Pacific  ocean  to  the  Rocky 
mountains.  It  was  the  distinct  and  avowed 
policy  of  tlie  ruling  company  to  keep  back  all 
settlement  and  hold  the  country  only  for  the 
production  of  game.  White  men,  therefore, 
were  unwelcome  intruders,  unless  they  were  of 
those  races  ready  to  intermarry  with  Indian 
women,  and  thus  render  themselves  fit  for  the 
barbaric  purposes  of  that  company.  They  would 
have  no  civilization,  as  we  understand  civiliza- 
tion. The  greatest  and  ablest  and  best  men 
among  them  were  interman-ied  with  the  native 
women,  and  half-breed  children  swarmed  aroimd 
their  habitations.  These  conditions  were  a 
necessity  of  their  policy,  and  that  policy  was 
the  only  means  of  securing  the  ends  for  which 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  was  organized,  and 
for  which  it  existed.  "VYe  are  speaking  of  this 
policy  of  the  company  as  we  saw  it  in  the  last 
days  of  its  existence  in  Oregon,  when  it  seemed 
to  us  so  strange  that  intelligent  and  educated 
English,  Scotch,  and  Canadian  gentlemen  could 
ever  have  fallen  into  such  barbaric  modes  of 
domestic  living.  But  we  were  then  comparing 
their  life  with  the  ideals  of  our  own  New  York 


training,  and  were  ignorant  of  the  history  and 
avowed  purposes  of  the  company  whose  best 
social  products  we  saw.  When  these  were 
studied  we  plainly  saw  that  this  was  not  per- 
verse criminality  in  the  people  we  saw  around 
us,  but  a  commercial  necessity  in  their  relations 
of  life.  Anything  that  meant  or  typed  the 
civilization  of  an  American  village  would  of 
necessity  have  been  tiie  germ  of  its  destruction 
to  the  end  for  which  all  this  system  lived  and 
wrought.  Illustrating  this,  a  statement  of  a 
chaplain  at  Moose  Factory  may  be  quoted.  lie 
said:  "  A  plan  I  had  devised  for  educating  and 
training  to  som.e  acquaintance  with  agriculture 
native  children  was  disallowed.  *  *  *  ^ 
proposal  for  forming  a  small  Indian  village  near 
Moose  Factory  was  not  acceded  to,  and,  instead, 
permission  only  given  to  attempt  the  location  of 
one  or  two  old  men  no  longer  tit  for  engaging 
in  the  chase,  it  being  carefully  and  distinctly 
stated  by  Sir  George  Simpson  that  tlie  company 
would  not  give  them  even  a  spade  to  commence 
their  new  mode  of  life!  " 

Coming  to  understand  that  this  policy  was 
the  wisest,  indeed  the  only  means  of  perpetu- 
ating the  company  itself,  we  soon  found  that 
the  "gentlemen  of  the  company,"  as  they  were 
called,  personally  were  indeed  gentlemen,  while 
as  officers  of  the  company  they  were  necessarily 
opposed  to  all  that  made  for  civilization.  Hence 
we  are  able  to  write  of  Dr.  McLoughlin  as  a 
man  as  we  have  truly  written.  Let  the  reader 
himself  apply  these  reflections  to  the  Oregon  of 
1834,  and  he  will  understand  what,  socially  and 
commercially,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Comjwny,  at 
its  very  best  estate,  and  in  the  day  of  its  su- 
premest  power,  had  made  of  one  of  the  finest 
lands  upon  which  shines  the  universal  sun;  and 
in  this  knowledge  he  will  understand  just  what 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  meant  to  do  for 
humanity.  Almost  necessarily  its  life  was  en- 
tirely hid  behind  the  lids  of  its  own  ledger,  and 
to  quote  the  language  of  Hazlit,  it  -'had  no 
ideas  but  those  of  custom  and  interest,  and  that 
on  the  narrowest  scale." 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


We  have  said  that  the  supremacy  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  on  the  Columbia,  and 
tiirough  that  company  the  ultimate  ownership 
of  Oregon  by  Great  Britain,  was  "apparently 
assured"  in  1834.  But  the  genius  and  prophet 
of  the  downfall  of  the  great  company,  and  the 
defeat  of  British  plans  for  the  possession  of  the 


country,  was  then  surveying  Oregon,  looking 
through  the  blue  eyes  of  a  pioneer  missionary, 
who  landed  at  Vancouver  within  a  few  days  of 
the  arrival  of  Mr.  Wyeth,  of  whose  coming  and 
going  we  have  previously  spoken.  Our  next 
chapter  will  tell  something  of  influences  that 
proved  too  mighty  for  that  power. 


CHAFTEK   X. 


THE  MISSIONS  AND  THE  AMERICANIZATION  OF  THE  NORTHWEST. 

The  Gkeat  Rivals-Eaely  Foem  of  the  Contest — A  New  Element  Inteoduoed — The  Newly 
Matched  (Contestants  —Hudson's  Bay  Company  at  the  Zenith  of  its  Fowee — Oeegon's  only 
Occupants — Aeeival  of  Foue  Men — Theie  Suppoet  and  Fateonage — Theie  Ameeicanism 
— The  Geowth  of  the  Missionary  Fowee — Two  Classes — The  Methodist  Missions — Mis- 
sions OF  THE  American  Board — Independent  Missions — Facts — What  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  is  Doing — The  Feople  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company — The  American  Feople — ■ 
Jason  Lee,  the  Corypheus  of  American  Sentiment — His  Visit  to  the  East  and  Return — 
Missions  the  Centers  of  American  Sentiments  and  Feople — Contest  Morally  Closed. 


rJROM  the  time  that  the  claims  of  France 
and  Spain  to  the  Oregon  country  were 
^  finally  transferred  to  the  United  States  in 
1803,  there  was,  as  our  readers  have  seen,  no 
claimant  contesting  with  the  United  States  for 
the  ownership  of  the  country  but  England.  Its 
final  possession  by  one  or  the  other  of  these 
great  powers  was  evidently  in  the  way  of  the 
destiny  of  empire.  They  were  nations  of  one 
blood,  except  that  in  the  United  States  there 
was  a  deeper  tinge  of  the  cavalier  in  the  veins 
of  the  people  than  in  England.  Their  very  re- 
lationship and  similarity  of  origin  and  of  char- 
acter, made  them  essentially  rivals,  jealous  of 
each  other's  power,  and  anxious  to  place  bar- 
riers in  the  way  of  each  other's  advancement. 
Besides,  the  United  States  were  not  far  enough 
removed  from  the  close  of  a  successful  rebellion 
against  the  misgovernment  of  England,  in  wiiich 
rebellion  this  country  had  snatched  the  guerdon 
of  her  nationality  from  the  dismemljered  em- 
pire of  Great  Britain,  for  either  to  have  come 
to  an  era  of  real  friendliness  and  national  fra- 
ternity. The  very  actors  in  the  events  of  1776 
and  1784,  both  in  England  and  America,  were 
yet   in    places   of    power    in   the  two  countries. 


They  had  not  foi-gotten,  and  they  had  not  for- 
given. The  Americans  were  the  most  forgiv- 
ing, for  they  had  won  the  most,  and  hence  could 
most  easily  forgive.  The  British  had  lost  the 
most,  and  hence  were  the  sorest  and  most  un- 
relenting. It  was  to  he  expected,  therefore,  that 
the  struggle  for  what  botii  so  greatly  desired, 
and  each  believed  it  owned,  would  be  long  and 
tenacious,  and  that  it  would  be  led  through 
every  possible  chance  and  change  Ijefore  it 
would  be  finally  decided. 

We  have  seen  how,  in  commerce  by  sea  and 
river,  and  in  the  rivalries  of  the  trail  and  the 
mountains,  the  fur  companies  that  represented 
severally  these  two  nationalities  had  met  each 
other,  and  how  in  every  contest  of  that  character 
the  representatives  of  England  had  defeated, 
thwarted  and  driven  away  the  representatives  of 
the  United  States,  until,  though  there  was  a 
legal  joint  occupancy,  there  was  no  real  occu- 
pancy but  that  of  Great  Britain.  From  1813, 
when  the  British  flag  was  raised  over  Astoria, 
for  a  full  score  of  years  the  stars  and  stripes 
waved  in  the  skies  of  Oregon  only  as  a  transient 
visitor,  while  the  cross  of  St.  George  symboled 
the  real  ruling  power  over  the  country  from  the 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


niountaiiis  to  the  sea.  Tlie  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, wholly  representative  of  the  designs  and 
spirit  of  the  British  crown,  and  intensely  loyal 
to  thein,  held  supreme  dominion  over  the  -whole 
country.  It  seemed  a  foregone  conclusion  that 
this  pow^erful  organization,  with  its  great  wealth, 
and  its  nnrivaled  facilities  for  transplanting  its 
own  numerous-  people  into  the  fruitful  soil  of 
these  Pacific  valleys,  would  win  for  England  the 
"  nine  points  of  law," — possession  of  the  coun- 
try. So  the  issue  and  the  probability  stood  up 
to  1834. 

In  1834  the  contest  was  re-opened  in  another 
form.  Another  wholly  American  element  was 
introduced.  It  came  noiselessly,  unheralded, 
without  display  of  march-  or  flaunt  of  ensign. 
It  was  so  small  in  numbers,  and  so  humble  in 
pretense,  that  it  scarcely  arrested  the  attention 
of  the  powerful  men  who  were  then  at  the  head 
of  the  British  power  on  the  banks  of  the  Colum- 
bia. Its  ]U-ofessed  and  real  purpose  so  com- 
mended itself  to  every  gracious  sentiment  of 
the  liuman  heart,  that  men  so  really  humane  as 
were  they  could  not  but  give  it  encouragement 
and  blessing.  This  element,  thus  introduced, 
was  what,  technically,  in  the  early  history  of 
the  country  was  known  as  the  "  missionary  ele- 
ment." It  came  in  the  persons  of  four  men 
whose  names  have  been  elsewhere  mentioned  in 
this  book,  but  which  will  bear  repeating  here, 
namely:  Jason  Lee,  Daniel  Lee,  Cyrus  Sliepard 
and  P.  L.  Edwards,  and  they  were  the  types  and 
forerunners  of  all  the  missionaries,  who,  for  the 
following  decade,  practically  alone  embodied 
and  expressed  the  American  sentiment  and  the 
American  citizensliip,  in  contrast  with  the  Brit- 
ish spirit  and  the  British  citizenship  embodied 
and  expressed  by  the  Hudson's   Bay  Company. 

The  one  thing  that  distinguished  these  men 
in  the  relation  in  which  we  are  now  writing  of 
them,  and  the  missions  established  by  them  and 
by  those  who  came  subsequently,  was  their 
Americanism.  They  not  only  came  to  this  coast 
by  the  direction  of  the  most  intensely  American 
church  in  the  country,  but  they  came  under  the 
passport  and   permit,  and   hence  under  the   [H'o- 


teetion  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
certified  to  Mr.  Lee  and  his  coadjutors  by  Gen- 
eral  John  H.  Eaton,  the  honorable  secretary  of 
war  under  Andrew  Jackson,  president  of  the 
United  States  at  that  time.  This,  with  their 
own  personal  citizenship,  gave  them  a  character 
not  less  distinctively  American  than  it  was 
missionary.  The  same  statement,  in  substance, 
would  be  true  of  all  the  Potestant  missions  es- 
tablished in  the  counti-y,  whether  by  the  great 
denominational  or  interdenominational  societies, 
or  by  individual  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
They  were  all  Americans — intensely,  radically 
and  loyally  American. 

We  are  not  ignoring  the  fact  that  tlie  mis- 
sionaries who  came  to  Oregon  from  1834  up  to 
1840  came  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  evan- 
gelizing the  pagan  tribes  of  this  great  North- 
west. We  are  only  bringing  to  view  the  other 
fact  tliat  in  doing  or  attempting  this  they  never 
forgot  and  never  slighted  or  temporized  with 
their  national  relationship.  Patriotism,  in  its 
true  sense  of  love  of  the  country  that  fostered 
and  encouraged  their  works,  and  spread  the 
broad  aegis  of  its  protection  over  then:selves 
personally,  was  a  part  of  their  religion.  Their 
feelings  were  never  isolated  from  the  country 
that  thus  protected  and  cherished  them,  but 
tliey  "loved  its  rocks  and  rills,  its  woods  and 
templed  hills,"  with  a  great,  venerating,  patri- 
otic love.  They  might  not  have  done  this,  the 
more  because  they  were  missionaries,  in  a  land 
where  at  that  time  an  American  citizen  could 
have  but  a  doubtful  and  precarious  sojourn,  but 
tliey  certainly  did  not  do  this  the  less  for  that 
reason.  Here,  then,  were  the  matched  contest- 
ants for  the  possession  and  consequent  owner- 
ship of  Oregon, — the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
on  the  one  side,  with  the  confidence  of  its  past 
successes  and  its  present  power  upon  it;  the  mis- 
sionary stations  and  missionaries,  with  their 
higli  moral  purpose  and  their  American  senti- 
ment, on  the  other.  Providence  had  thus  handed 
over  the  conflict  of  enrpire  on  the  northwest 
coast  to  these  contesting  elements,  and  then 
awaited  the  issue. 


Ul  STORY    OF    WASIHNQTON. 


At  this  time  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
was  at  tlie  very  zenith  of  its  power.  Its  lead- 
ers were  kiiiors  of  men.  Its  cavalcades  were  on 
every  inter-monntain  trail  over  half  a  continent. 
Its  ileets  of  batteaux  and  canoes  were  on  every 
lake,  and  its  voyageiirs  sung  to  the  music  of 
every  cascade  fram  Winnipeg  to  California,  and 
from  the  mountains  to  the  sea.  A  contest  of 
force,  of  brawn,  or  even  of  trade  and  commerce 
with  it  at  that  time  would  have  been  simple 
madness.  Indeed  the  latter  was  adventured  at 
this  very  time  by  at  least  two  of  the  ablest  and 
most  determined  leaders  that  the  history  of  such 
commercial  partnership  among  Americans  ever 
produced, — Wyeth  and  Bonneville, — and  both 
were  compelled  to  hastily  retire  from  the  field, 
Wyeth  bequeathing  his  fortune,  with  Forts  Hall 
and  William,  to  the  Britain,  and  Bonneville  was 
compelled  to  fly  from  starvation  on  the  banks 
of  the  Columbia  because  the  very  fish  of  the 
rivers  and  game  of  the  hills  were  denied  him 
by  the  lordly  barons  who  ruled  at  Vancouver 
for  themselves  and  Britain  only.  So  intrenched 
was  this  British  power  behind  the  great  mount- 
ain ranges  of  the  raid-continent  that  armies 
could  not  march  against  it  if  they  would;  and 
on  the  thither  side  3,000  leagues  of  ocean, 
roamed  by  the  prowling  cruisers  of  the  British 
navy,  kept  eternal  watch  and  ward  over  them. 
Thus  they  stood,  and  thus  Britannia  ruled,  not 
the  wave  only,  but  the  land  as  well,  when  these 
avaunt  couriers  of  the  mighty  host  of  Ameri- 
cans that  ten  years  later  began  to  follow  in  their 
footsteps  sat  calmly  down  before  this  mountain 
power  of  commercial  supremacy,  and  that  other 
mountain  power  of  paganism  intrenched  in  the 
superstitious  legends  of  a  hundred  generations 
of  petrified  intellectual  and  moral  darkness,  and 
began,  in  their  thoughts,  if  not  in  their  speech, 
to  prophesy  to  them:  •' O,  thou  great  mount- 
ain, be  thou  plucked  up  and  be  thou  cast  into 
the  midst  of  the  sea." 

These  men  were  not  a  power  in  themselves  to 
enter  this  vast  contention  for  the  possession  of 
a  mighty  empire,  for  there  were  but  four  of 
them ;   but  they  were  the  seed   of   a  power,  the 


germ  of  a  force,  that  was  to  win  that  empire  to 
American  civilization,  and  plant  it  in  the  blue 
field  of  our  country's  banner. 

It  is  now  time  that  we  begin  to  note  and 
measure  the  growth  of  that  new  force  that  thus 
confronted  the  old.  The  task  is  difficult,  for 
who  can  weigh  or  measure  such  forces? — but 
we  must  attempt  it. 

We  have  before  remarked  the  fact  that  these 
mission  establishments  were  of  two  classes: 
First,  those  organized  and  sustained  by  great 
missionary  societies,  like  the  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Foreign 
Missions;  and,  second,  personal  and  indepen- 
dent missions,  established  and  sustained  by  the 
men  who  themselves  wrought  in  them.  But 
they  were  all  Americans,  and  nearly  all  of  New 
England  blood,  if  not  of  New  England  birth. 
That  our  readers  may  the  better  understand  the 
relations,  both  of  men  and  events,  to  resultant 
history,  we  shall  consider  these  classes  separ- 
ately; and  it  is  the  logical  order  to  consider 
fii'st  the  class  that  itself  was  the  first  in  the 
order  of  time.  This  was  the  missions  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

In  18.34  the  four  men  already  named — Jason 
Lee,  Daniel  Lee,  Cyrus  Shepard  and  P.  L. 
Edwards — under  the  direction  of  that  society, 
established  themselves  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
Willamette  Valley,  the  great  agricultural  para- 
dise of  Oregon.  These  were  followed,  in  1836, 
by  Dr.  Elijah  White  and  wife,  with  two  chil- 
dren; Mr.  Alansou  Beers  and  wife,  with  three 
children;  with  Mr.  William  H.  Willson  and 
Misses  Anna  M.  Pittman,  Susan  Downing  and 
Elvira  Johnson.  Wlien  these  arrived,  in  May, 
1837,  the  first  American  home  was  planted  in 
the  Willamette  Valley.  There  had  scarcely 
been  even  the  semblance  of  a  home,  as  we  under- 
stand that  word,  in  Oregon  previous  to  that 
time.  Even  the  able  and  cultivated  leaders  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  consorted  with 
the  Indian  women,  and  their  abodes  had  the 
odor  of  the  wigwam,  and  their  progeny  the 
taint  of  Indian  blood.      But  here  were  educated 


98 


HISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  cultured  white  women,  accustomed  to  the 
refinements  of  the  parlors  of  Boston  and  Lynn, 
of  Newark  and  New  York,  able  to  grace  any 
social  life,  as  well  as  to  aid  in  lifting  up  a  fallen 
and  degraded  race.  Before  only  pioneer  Ameri- 
can manhood  had  been  here;  now  pioneer 
womanhood  and  childhood,  and  with  them  pio- 
neer home  lite,  were  added,  and  an  American 
community,  with  all  the  elements  of  perpetuity 
and  increase  in  itselt,  was  established  in  the 
very  heart  of  Oregon.  Nor  should  the  state- 
ment be  omitted  here  that,  with  these  men  and 
women  and  children,  the  Missionary  Board  had 
forwarded  a  large  amount  of  stores  of  various 
kinds  to  render  its  community  practically  inde- 
pendent of  all  others.  Within  six  months  of 
the  arrival  of  this  company  the  community  was 
further  strengthened,  both  in  its  numbers  and 
its  character,  by  the  arrival  of  Rev.  David  Les- 
lie and  wife  with  three  children,  Miss  Margaret 
Smith  and  Rev.  H.  K.  W.  Perkins.  Thus,  be- 
fore three  years  from  the  arrival  of  the  first 
company  of  four  men,  the  Missionary  Society 
of  tlie  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  had  planted 
an  American  community  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  consisting  of  men,  women  and  children, 
with  homes  and  schools  and  worship,  with  flocks 
and  herds  and  plows  and  harvests,  peaceably, 
but  mightily  confronting  the  rule  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  over  the  fair  realm  which 
it  so  long  had  governed.  In  less  than  three 
years  more  fifty-one  more  persons  were  added 
to  this  American  community  by  the  same  mis- 
sionary authority.  These  consisted  of  Revs. 
J.  P.  Richmond,  Gustavus  Hines,  W.  W.  Kone, 
A.  F.  Waller  and  J.  H.  Frost,  and  Messrs.  Dr.  I.  L. 
Babcock,  and  Messrs.  George  Abernethy,  H.  B. 
Brewer,  W.  W.  Raymond,  L.  H.  Jndson,  H. 
Campbell,  Josiah  L.  Parrish  and  James  Olley, 
all  of  whom  had  families,  and  Misses  M.  T. 
Ware,  C.  A.  Clark,  E.  Phillips,  A.  Phelps  and 
O.  Lankton.  So,  in  less  than  six  years  after  its 
first  small  contingents  had  reached  Oregon,  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Missionary  Society  had 
not  only  planted  an  American  community  in 
Oregon,  but  had  made  it  so  strong  and  so  estab- 


lished it  on  strategetic  grounds  all  over  the 
Northwest  as  to  make  it  ineradicable, — doing 
what  the  United  States  Government  and  fur- 
traders  and  commercial  adventurers  had  faileii 
to  do  in  fifty  years  of  effort. 

We  turn  now  to  the  work  of  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions 
in  the  same  general  field  and  with  a  like  result. 
Its  first  mission  in  Oregon  was  established  in 
1H36,  two  years  later  than  that  of  the  Method- 
ist society,  though  the  country  had  been  quite 
thoroughly  e.\plored  the  preceding  year  by  Rev. 
Samuel  Parker,  of  New  York,  a  very  intelligent 
and  careful  observer.  The  persons  who  for  this 
society  established  this  mission  were  Dr.  Marcus 
AVhitman  and  wife  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Gray,  all 
from  the  State  of  New  York,  and  all,  like  those 
connected  with  the  Methodist  community,  in- 
tensely Atnerican  in  training  and  sentiment. 
This  company  of  five  persons,  including  the 
two  ladies,  crossed  the  continent  from  the  Mis- 
souri river  on  horseback,  a  distance  of  nearly 
2,000  miles.  Mrs.  Whitman  and  Mrs.  Spauld- 
ing  were  the  first  white  women  of  any  nation 
who  ever  made  a  home  in  Oregon,  and  are  for- 
ever monuraented  as  such  in  the  history  of 
civilization  of  the  Northwest.  The  American 
heart  lingers  over  their  deeds  and  their  memory 
with  a  great  love  and  a  great  reverence,  and 
is  glad  to  give  them  the  crowning  place,  of 
which  personally  they  were  so  worthy,  and 
which  with  such  bravery  they  won  that  of  the 
first  American  home-makers  between  the  Rocky 
mountains  and  the  eastern  sea.  The  missions 
of  these  people  were  established  in  the  very 
heart  of  what  has  since  become  known  as  the 
great  •'  Inland  Empire,"  at  Waiiletpu,  on  the 
Walla  Walla  river,  and  at  Lapwai  on  the  Clear- 
water, among  the  Cayuses  and  Nez  Perces,  the 
two  strongest  and  most  promising  tribes  of  the 
entire  coast.  In  1838  Messrs.  Eels,  Walker  • 
and  Smith,  with  their  wives,  joined  them,  and 
they  enlarged  their  work  and  broadened  their 
field.  So,  at  the  close  of  1838,  the  American 
Board  had  six  American  families,  representing 
the  best  forms  of  American  life  and   sentiment. 


niSTOBT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


tirinly  iixed  on  the  soil  of  the  Oregon  of  that 
period;  its  contribution  to  the  double  result  of 
the  evangelization  of  a  pagan  people  and  the 
the  Americanization  of  Oregon. 

In  addition  to  these  there  were  wiiat  we  have 
called  independent  missions,  establishedon  the 
individual  responsibility  of  those  conducting 
them,  that  contributed  no  slight  influence  to  the 
gi-eat  aggregate  of  American  sentiment  and  life 
that  was  now  beginning  to  repress  and  neutral- 
ize the  sway  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 
In  1838  Rev.  Harvey  Clarke,  Mr.  Littlejohn 
and  Mr.  Smith,  Presbyterian  self-supporting 
missionaries,  with  their  wives,  came  over  the 
mountains,  and  in  1839  Messrs.  Griffin  and 
Munger  and  their  wives  entei'ed  ^the  country 
with  similar  intentions.  What  we  have  said  of 
the  gentlemen  and  ladies  of  the  missions  of  the 
two  great  boards  would  be  true  in  character  of 
all  these.  They  were  of  the  same  type  of  repre- 
sentative Americans,  stood  in  the  same  relation 
to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  were  as 
thoroughly  at  one  with  the  plans  and  hopes  of 
the  United  States  in  regard  to  the  country  as 
were  the  others.  In  a  sense,  indeed,  their  in- 
dependence gave  them  a  vantage  ground  not 
possessed  by  the  others,  and  which  they  were 
prompt  and  faithful  to  use  for  the  cause  of  the 
country  they  loved  so  tenderly. 

Having  thus  summarily  noted  the  beginning 
and  traced  the  development  of  this  entii-ely 
American  force  in  Oregon  up  to  the  autumn  of 
1840,  a  period  of  but  six  years,  we  are  in  pos- 
session of  the  following  facts: 

The  entire  number  of  adult  men  and  women 
that  these  missionary  boards  had  transplanted 
from  the  best  life  of  the  old  States  into  Oregon, 
together  with  those  of  the  independent  missions, 
was  sixty-one,  constituting  not  far  from  thirty 
American  homes.  Probably  these  homes  held 
at  that  time  not  far  from  100  children,  born  to 
an  inheritance  of  American  patriotism  which 
certainly  would  not  diminish  when  they  con- 
trasted their  own  with  the  homes  of  those  who 
disputed  with  them  the  dominion  ot  Oregon. 

But  it  was  not  numbers  only,  nor  indeed  was 


it  numbers  chiefly,  that  gave  these  American 
people  the  prestige  of  conquest.  Tiic  names  of 
Lee  and  Leslie,  of  Whitman  and  Waller,  of  Hines 
and  Parrish,  of  Abernethy  and  Gray,  of  Spauld- 
ing  and  Walker,  of  Clarke  and  Griflin,  of  Bab- 
cock  and  Campbell,  of  Eels  and  Hall  sufficiently 
attest  that,  for  no  writer  of  early  Oregon  history 
can  fail  to  give  them  honorable  mention,  or  to 
recognize  their  great  influence  in  moldino-  that 
history. 

Two  other  facts,  of  a  somewhat  material  char- 
acter, illustrate  the  eminent  service  of  the  mis- 
sions in  making  civilization  a  possibility  in 
Oregon.  One  was  the  establishment  of  mills, 
both  for  the  production  of  lumber  and  the 
grinding  of  grain  for  bread,  by  the  missions  of 
both  boards;  the  other  was  the  introduction  of  a 
printing  press  in  1839,  by  Mr.  E.  O.  Hall,  who 
set  up  his  press  in  Lapwai,  in  the  mission  of 
Mr.  Spaulding,  and  published  elementary  books, 
both  in  the  Nez  Perces  and  Spokane  tongues. 
And  so  we  are  bi'ought  to  the  close  of  1840. 

Meantime  we  should  know  what  the  Hud- 
sou's  Bay  Company,  as  representing  British 
pretensions  to  Oregon,  has  been  doing  durino- 
the  six  years  that  the  American  missions  have 
been  developing  into  this  formidable  and  op- 
posing force.  Surely  such  astute  leaders  as  Mc- 
Loughlin  and  Douglas  could  not  fail  to  com- 
prehend the  threat  against  the  position  and 
power  of  their  company  that  was  in  the  very 
presence  of  these  missionary  establishments  near 
them.  Two  things  were  done,  both  in  them- 
selves well  chosen  for  the  end  contemplated. 
First,  they  introduced  in  1838  two  French  Ca- 
nadian Roman  Catholic  priests.  These  were 
British  subjects,  and  it  was  expected,  of  course, 
that  the  influence  their  profession  and  character 
gave  them  would  be  exerted  against  the  Ameri- 
can and  in  favor  of  the  British  rule  in  Oregon. 
This  the  company  had  a  perfect  right  to  do;  and 
this  also  Messrs.  Blanchet  and  Demers,  the  two 
priests,  had  a  perfect  right  to  do.  They  placed 
these  priests  at  most  important  strategetic 
points;  one  in  the  Willamette  valley,  very  near 
the    Methodist    missions,  and   the   other  was  a 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINGTON. 


faithful  itinerant,  visiting  the  diiferent  posts  of 
the  company  alternately.  Also  in  1840  tlie 
company  brought  an  emigration  of  125  persons, 
men,  women  and  children,  from  Winnipeg,  to 
settle  on  Pnget  Sound.  Thus,  at  the  two  points 
where  tlie  leaders  of  that  great  company  feared 
theinfluenceof  the  American  missions  the  most, 
they  made  the  most  strenuous  effort  to  counter- 
vail that  influence.  They  knew  the  greatness  of 
the  prize  at  issue,  and  they  were  not  the  men  to 
neglect  any  fair  means  they  could  use  to  win 
that  prize  for  the  government  of  the  country 
they  represented. 

"We  do  not  blame  them  for  this.  On  the 
contrary  there  is  a  measure  of  honor  that  we 
accord  them.  They  were  faitliful  to  the  trust 
their  country  leposed  in  them.  They  did 
what  they  could,  and  in  tlie  best  way  they 
could,  to  counteract  the  influence  that,  tliey 
could  not  bnt  see,  left  unchecked  must  givetiie 
long  disputed  Oregon,  coveted  equally  by  both 
England  and  the  United  States,  to  the  Ameri- 
can nation.  And  here  it  is  proper  to  say  that, 
though  the  men  whose  acts  we  are  here  record- 
ing were  both  British  and  Romanist,  and  this 
writer  is  both  American  and  Protestant,  there 
is  no  record,  certainly  not  up  to  this  date,  of 
any  action  on  the  part  of  either  the  British  or 
American  party  that  was  discolored  by  criminal 
unfriendliness.  On  the  contrary,  while  doing 
their  duty  for  the  caiise  they  represented, 
neither  forgot  that  broader  duty  they  owed  to 
universal  humanity.  Still  tiie  results  on  the 
one  side  were  much  more  effective  and  deter- 
mining than  on  the  other.  Can  we  tell  why? 
Let  us  see,  although  the  observant  reader  has 
already  caught  the  drift  of  the  reason  in  what 
we  have  previously  said. 

The  claims  and  interests  of  Great  Britain  in 
Oregon  were  sustained  on  the  whole,  by  a  con- 
glomerate mass  of  people,  of  various  colors  and 
cultures,  and  with  very  little  of  moral  and  so- 
cial adhesiveness.  The  Briton  and  the  Scotch- 
man, it  is  true,  were  at  their  head,  but  the 
French  Canadians  constituted  the  larger  por- 
tion   of    their   followers.     What    they    had  of 


home  life,  from  the  highest  to  tlie  lowest,  was 
an  admixture  of  these  with  the  females  of  the 
various  Indian  tribes,  and  servetl  to  weaken, 
rather  than  to  strengthen,  the  moral  and  intel- 
lectual flber  of  the  best  men  among  them.  The 
traders',  the  chief  factors,  and  even  the  gover- 
nor himself,  were  as  the  voyageurs  and  trail- 
men  in  this  regard.  Their  children  were,  as  a 
body,  witiiout  any  large  and  worthy  ambition: 
too  high  to  be  Indians  and  too  low  to  be  white 
men.  A  home  and  social  life  thus  tainted 
never  was  and  never  can  be  a  strong  politi;al 
life,  and  no  men  could  know  this  better  than 
the  really  able  men  whose  lives  had  fallen  into 
these  evil  coils.  One  need,  therefore,  not  look 
beyond  this  fact  for  an  explanation  of  the  his- 
toric anomaly  so  patent  here,  namely,  that  the 
strorger  in  numbers  and  positions  and  oppor- 
tunity should  prove  the  weaker  in  a  conflict  of 
intellectual  and  moral,  or  even  political  ])oten- 
cies. 

On  the  other  side, — the  side  of  the  American 
community,  as  embodied,  up  to  this  time,  in 
missions  and  missionaries — there  was  a  homo- 
geneity of  moral  and  intellectual  and  national 
idea  that  gave  it  the  strength  of  welded  steel, 
while  it  had  the  elasticity  of  a  three-fold  cord. 
They  were  picked  men  and  women,  chosen 
from  among  the  hardiest  and  most  aspiring 
people  of  the  new  world.  They  had  been 
trained  on  the  farms  and  in  the  shops  and  at 
the  forges  where  human  frames  are  annealed 
into  endurance  and  tempered  into  elasticity'. 
They  were  educated,  in  the  best  sense  of  that 
word.  There  was  neither  illiteracy  nor  ignor- 
ance among  them.  They  were  isolated  from 
contaminating  and  degenerating  contacts.  Many 
of  them,  both  men  and  women,  had  high  liter- 
ary ability  and  culture.  They  had  ambition, — 
that  supreme  propulsion  that  forever  lifts  great 
sonls  from  the  victories  of  to-day  into  the  wider 
triumphs  of  to-morrow.  They  comprehended 
their  responsibility  and  accurately  measured 
their  opportunity.  It  may  be  doubted  if  the 
Mayflower  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock  as  uni- 
versally endowed  and  thorouglily  equipped  body 


UISrOBY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  einpire-bnilders  as  the  inissiouary  boards  of 
the  United  States  placed  in  Oregon  from  1834 
to  1840.  And  this  was  the  body  of  men  who 
stood  here  alone  for  American  interests  and 
supremacy  over  against  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  representing  English  interests  and 
supremacy. 

We  are  not  to  be  understood  as  saying  that 
there  were  absolutely  no  Americans  here  before 
1840  but  the  missionaries  and  their  families. 
There  were  a  few,  possibly  twenty-five  in  all, 
but  they  were  mostly  of  that  floating  class  that 
linger  on  the  fringes  of  society,  or  that  wander 
over  the  world  without  a  fixed  and  definite  aim. 
Some  of  them  remained  in  the  county,  and 
under  the  influence  of  tiie  stronger  power  of 
the  missionary  organizations  became  highly 
useful  members  of  society,  and  left  an  honor- 
able record  in  its  early  history.  Not  strong 
enough  in  numliers  to  constitute  a  community, 
it  was  beyond  the  possibilities  of  tlieir  condi- 
tion that  they  should  uphold  and  make  ulti- 
mately successful  the  American  cause  in  Oregon. 

The  wi-iter  would  not  detract  from  the  credit 
or  fame  due  any  man,  or  any  class  of  men,  from 
their  work  for  and  in  our  early  Oregon;  nor 
would  he  add  to  the  laurels  of  any  one  more 
than  is  due.  But  up  to  this  date  the  American 
interest  here  owed  more  to  the  influence  and 
work  of  Jason  Lee  than  to  those  of  any  other 
one  man,  if  not  indeed  to  all  the  men  in  the 
country  combined.  He  was  as  fully  the  Cory- 
pheus  of  the  American  cominuiiity  as  was  Dr. 
McLoughlin  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  British  influ- 
ence. He  was  a  man  strong  in  purpose,  vigor- 
ous in  execution,  reticent  and  self-contained. 
Being  first  in  the  field,  he  very  early  made  him- 
self well  acquainted  with  the  country  from  tlie 
Umpqua  to  Puget  Sound,  and  from  the  ocean 
to  the  Rocky  mountains.  His  manuscript 
journal,  now  open  before  the  writer,  shows  that 
he  placed  a  very  high  estimate  on  the  agricul- 
tural capabilities  of  the  country,  and  especially 
of  the  Willamette  valley,  and  as  early  as  1835 
believed  that  it  would  soon  be  occupied  by  a 
civilized  people.      His  correspondence  with  the 


Board  of  Missions  in  whose  service  he  was  em- 
ployed, which  was  published  in  New  York  in 
1835-'36-'37  and  '38,  showed  the  same  thing. 
Following  up  his  belief  on  this  point,  in  1838 
he  returned  overland  to  the  States,  and  before 
the  missionary  board  in  New  York,  in  the  pub- 
lic prints,  and  in  the  presence  of  great  audi- 
ences in  every  great  city  from  Maine  to  South 
Carolina,  and  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis,  he 
set  forth  the  character,  needs  and  advantages  of 
Oregon.  He  spent  a  full  year  in  this  employ- 
ment, visiting  Washington  and  conferring  with 
the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  receiving  substantial  help  from  the  officers 
of  the  general  Government  for  the  furtherance 
of  the  purpose  for  which  he  was  in  the  East, — 
the  organization  and  equipment  of  a  strong  re- 
enforcement  for  his  missionary  work.  His  pur- 
pose was  completely  successful,  and  in  October 
of  1839  he  sailed  from  New  York  in  a  ship 
chartered  by  the  missionary  board,  with  what 
was  really  an  American  colony;  ministers, 
mechanics,  farmers,  teachers,  and  with  supplies 
for  the  work  in  which  they  had  engaged,  to  the 
value  of  125,000.  It  was  the  largest  and  best 
furnished  company  that,  on  such  a  purpose,  had 
over  sailed  from  any  port;  and  when  it  reached 
the  Columbia  in  1840,  with  Mr.  Lee  at  its 
head,  it  morally  fixed  the  national  status  of 
Oregon,  because  it  put  the  American  influence 
far  in  advance  of  the  British.  The  inception, 
organization  and  cultivation  of  that  influence 
was  more  directly  the  result  of  'the  work  of 
Jason  Lee  than  that  of  any  other  one  man. 

A  single  other  point  in  our  view  of  the  rela- 
tions of  these  missionary  stations  to  the  Ameri- 
canization of  Oregon  it  is  necessary  to  notice. 
It  is  this:  The  stations  became  the  centers  around 
which  accreted  whatever  there  was  of  American 
sentiment  or  American  people  in  the  coimtry. 
This  was  especially  true  of  the  Willamette  sta- 
tion. True  to  its  purpose,  and  the  nation  under 
whose  charter  it  pursued  that  purpose,  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  would  do  nothing  to  induce 
or  Ibstei'  American  settlement.  While  it  would 
sell  its  goods  to  Americans,  it  would  buy  noth- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ing  from  them.  This  was  the  surest  system  of 
antagonism  it  could  possibly  have  adopted.  It 
had  forced  the  Americans  out  of  the  country 
before  the  missionary  stations  were  established, 
and,  until  an  organization  able  to  cope  with 
itself  in  mercantile  operations  could  take  up 
work  of  colonizing  the  country,  it  could  keep 
them  out.  Eivalry  in  trade  it  did  not  fear,  for 
that  it  could  easily  destroy.  But  the  mission- 
ary establishments,  while  independent  and  self- 
supporting,  were  not  trading  posts.  Even 
their  object  in  the  country  commended  itself  to 
the  better  feelings  of  the  gentlemen  of  that 
company,  and,  without  turning  absolute  bar- 
barians, they  could  not  molest  them.  This 
they  would  not,  perhaps  could  not  do.  Hence 
they  could  not  prevent  the  ministry  of  hospi- 
tality, which  the  missionaries  were  always  ready 
to  exercise    toward    their   countrymen,  and  all 


others,  indeed,  who  came  to  their  doors  or 
pitched  their  tent  under  the  shadows  of  their 
sanctuary.  And  so,  thoiigli  the  missionaries 
were  not  traders,  nor  their  stations  depots  of 
commerce,  they  were,  in  the  only  way  in  which 
rivalry  could  have  been  successful  against  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  the  rivals  of  tliat  erst 
and  mighty  monopqly;  and,  by  the  time  any 
considerable  number  of  American  citizens  were 
prepared  to  follow  the  path  they  had  blazed  out 
into  the  valleys  of  Oregon  in  1842,  they  had 
prepared  an  asylum  for  them,  and  broken  tlie 
right  arm  of  the  power  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  and  never  afterward  did  it,  or  the 
British  nation,  which  it  had  so  ably  repre- 
sented, recover  supremacy  in  Oregon.  Morally 
the  contest  was  ended,  and  Oregon  was  Ameri- 
canized. 


>_»^^3Wb- 


CH AFTER  XI. 


IMMIGRATIONS. 


Germs  of  History — Question  of  Immigration  Discussed — Hall  J.  Kelley — His  Memorial  to 
Congress — Society  Organized— Its  Plan  Outlined — Kelley's  Efforts  to  Open  Trade — 
His  Failuke — From  1835  to  1841 — Immigration  of  1841 — Americans — Hudson's  Bay — 
Immmigeation  of  1842 — Its  Importance — Dr.  E.  White — Other  Important  Characters — 
Me.  Crawford's  Stoey' — Immigeation  of  1843 — Its  Important  Place  in  History— Causes 
that  Impelled  it — General  Direction  of  Negotiations — Impulse  of  Emmigration. 


I[  N  the  story  of  emigration  to  the  Pacific  coast 
from  the  Atlantic  slope  and  the  valleys  of 
-1  the  Ohio,  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers, 
are  found  the  real  germs  of  its  history.  There 
is  in  this  story  a  romance  of  enterprise,  patriot- 
ism, adventure  and  ambition,  finely  illustrating 
the  genius  of  the  American  people  as  it  has  ex- 
hibited itself  since  Jamestown  in  the  South  and 
Plymouth  Rock  in  the  North  became  the  early 
altars  of  its  consecration  to  the  service  of  sub- 
duing a  wild  continent  and  building  up  within 
it  a  splendid  empire  of  lilierty.      It  \v;is  (inly  a 


continuation  of  the  activity  of  that  genius  of 
free  conquest  that  first  sent  the  hardy  sons  and 
daughters  of  Plymouth  out  over  the  Hudson 
and  Genesee,  and  over  the  plains  of  western 
New  York  and  Ohio,  and  the  not  less  hardy  and 
more  volatile  sons  and  daughters  of  Jamestown 
over  the  AUeghanies  and  down  across  the  blue 
and  green  hills  and  vales  of  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee  to  the  shores  of  the  Mississippi  even 
before  the  Revolutionary  war  had  ceased  to  echo 
on  the  hills  of  the  Carolinas.  It  is  not  neces- 
sary to  claim  that  these  who  passed,  in  the  '30s 


Ul  STORY    OP    WASUINOTON. 


and  '40s,  the  gates  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
were  greater  and  nobler  than  those  wlio,  before 
the  beginning  of  the  century,  had  forced  those 
of  the  AUeghanies  to  give  these  a  title  to  all  the 
honor  that  bravery  and  hardihood  and  patriot- 
ism can  possibly  confer  upon  mortals.  It  were 
honor  enough  that  these  sons  were  worthy  of 
their  sires,  and  that  the  daughters,  whose  pres- 
ence graced  and  illuminated  the  mountain  biv- 
ouacs of  a  two  or  three  thousand  miles  emigrants' 
trail  to  Oregon,  and  were  the  lone  settler's  cabin's 
chief  charm  and  glory  on  the  prairie  shores  of 
the  Willamette  during  the  decade  of  1840  and 
1850,  were  worthy  of  the  mothers  whose  com- 
pany was  alike  the  joys  and  inspiration  of  the 
two  or  three  hundred  miles'  trail  to  the  Ohio 
and  the  Tennessee  in  the  decades  of  1790  and 
1800.  There  was,  indeed,  more  of  danger  and 
more  of  deprivation  in  the  earlier  than  in  the 
later  hegira,  but  both  fully  paralleled  any  great 
conquering  movement  of  humanity  in  any  period 
of  the  world's  history.  If  there  was  in  these 
less  of  the  noise  of  battles,  and  less  of  the  ban- 
nered heraldry  of  war,  there  was  not  necessarily 
less  of  real  victory,  but  rather  the  more,  for  the 
victories  of  peace  are  always  nobler  than  those 
of  war.  An  American  must  needs  dwell  with 
peculiar  pride  on  the  fact  that  this  great,  resist- 
less, on-sweejjing  flow  westward  of  the  most 
strongly  impulsed  of  the  great  mass  of  the 
"common  people"  of  this  continent,  was  what 
finally  settled  the  most  vexing  and  troublesome 
questions  of  international  dispute  that  this  coun- 
try ever  encountered.  Diplomacy  must  needs 
wait  on  immigration,  and  a  nation's  claim  must 
wait  on  the  people's  possession.  Nothing  can 
be  settled  without  the  people.  The  grants  of 
kings  long  since  discrowned,  the  edicts  of  par- 
liaments in  capitals  far  beyond  the  seas,  the 
charters  of  corporations  and  companies  given  by 
assumed  owners  are  nothing.  It  is  the  people 
that  assure  ultimately  all  claims  and  pretenses 
by  their  own  presence  and  will  and  work.  So 
it  was  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  in  tracing  the 
hic-tory  of  immigration  thither  we  trace  the 
movement  of  the  people  that  finally  and  poten- 


tially settled  all  "Oregon  questions,"  and  gave 
the  United  States  her  most  magnificent  seaboard 
and  h«r  fairest  and  most  fruitful  realm. 

The  question  of  the  possibility  of  peopling 
this  coast  by  emigration  was  settled  by  a  move- 
ment that  was  somewhat  beyond  the  calcula- 
tions of  the  mere  political  economist.  It  was 
the  religious,  the  missionary,  the  faith  element 
that  opened  the  way,  not  as  an  end,  but  as  a  re- 
sult of  its  adventure.  The  subject  of  emigra- 
tion to  the  Pacific  coast  had  been  long  debated 
in  the  Eastern  States,  but  until  these  avaunt 
couriers  had  actually,  in  a  singl-e  summer,  passed 
to  the  western  shores,  it  was  deemed  impractica- 
ble if  not  impossible.  In  1804-'05-'06  Lewis 
and  Clarke  and  their  company  of  men,  schooled 
in  the  hardest  discipline  of  woodcraft,  had  needed 
three  or  four  years  to  make  the  journey  and  re- 
turn. In  IsiO-'ll  Wilson  Price  Hunt,  with 
the  land  portion  of  John  Jacob  Astor's  great 
mercantile  association,  had  suffered  famine, 
starvation,  almost  death  in  the  wild  mountains 
and  amid  the  thirsty  deserts  of  Snake  river,  and 
had  finally  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia, 
more  dead  than  alive,  after  two  seasons  of  the 
most  desperate  effort.  To  carry  women  and 
children  and  household  goods  and  gods  over 
such  mountains  and  across  such  deserts  was  felt 
to  be  the  scheme  of  enthusiasts.  Still  the  en- 
thusiasts were  right,  and  their  enthusiasm,  as  is 
often  the  case,  was  the  highest  and  most  fore- 
sighted  reason. 

The  first  effort  to  induce  emigration  to  Oregon 
of  which  we  can  find  any  record  was  made  .in 
1817  by  Hall  J.  Kelley,  of  Boston.  The  ques- 
tion of  the  restoration  of  Astoria  to  the  United 
States,  under  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  of 
Ghent,  was  then  pending  between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain,  and  Mr.  Kelley,  with 
the  instinct  of  true  statesmanship,  urged  the 
immediate  occupation  of  the  country  in  dispute 
by  American  settlers.  There  was  no  response, 
and  yet,  undismayed,  he  continued  his  appeals 
and  efforts  until,  in  1829,  he  organized  a  com- 
pany called  "The  American  Society  for  the  Set- 
tlement of   the   Oregon  Territory,"  which  was 


BISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


incorporated  by  the  legislature  of  Massachu- 
setts. In  1831  the  society  presented  a  memorial 
to  Congress,  ably  setting  forth  its  designs,  de- 
scribing the  beauty  and  value  of  the  country, 
showing  the  evident  designs  of  Great  Britain 
upon  it,  and  closing  with  this  rather  remarkable 
and  impressive  appeal: 

"  Now  therefore  your  memoralists,  in  behalf 
of  a  large  number  of  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  would  respectfully  ask  Congress  to  assist 
them  in  carrying  into  operation  the  great  pur- 
pose of  their  institution;  to  grant  them  troops, 
artillery,  military  arms  and  munitions  of  war, 
for  the  security  of  the  contemplated  settlement; 
to  incorporate  their  society  with  the  power  to 
extinguish  the  Indian  title  to  such  tracts  and 
extent  of  territory,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Colum- 
bia and  the  junction  of  the  Multnomah  with  the 
Columbia,  as  may  be  adequate  to  tiie  laudable 
aim  and  pursuits  of  the  settlers,  and  with  such 
other  rights,  powers,  rights  and  immunities  as 
may  be  at  least  equal  and  concurrent  to  those 
given  by  Parliament  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, and  such  as  are  not  repugnant  to  the 
stipulations  of  the  convention  made  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  when  it 
was  agreed  that  any  country  on  the  Northwest 
coast  of  America  to  the  westward  of  the  Eocky 
mountains  should  be  free  and  open  to  the  citi- 
zens and  subjects  of  the  two  powers  for  a  term 
of  years;  and  to  grant  them  such  other  rights 
and  privileges  as  may  contribute  to  the  means 
of  establishing  a  respectable  and  prosperous 
community." 

Congress  gave  no  heed  to  this  prayer — whether 
wisely  or  unwisely  may  be  subject  of  debate. 
Whether  its  non-action  deferred  or  changed  the 
ultimate  decision  of  the  "  Oregon  question  "  can- 
not be  told.  The  writer  is  inclined  to  the  opin- 
ion that  the  time  had  not  come  for  decisive 
measures, — that  at  this  juncture  the  advantages 
of  the  situation  were  with  England  insfead  of 
the  United  States,  and  England  was  better  pre- 
pared to  assert  and  maintain  lier  authority  over 
the  country  then  than  was  the  United  States. 
"While,  therefore,  Mr.  Kelley's  theory  was  wise 


and  statesmanlike,  and  the  only  one  that  could 
ultimately  win,  the  time  had  not  yet  come  for 
tiie  decisive  action  by  Congress  that  was  asked 
in  that  petition.  The  "  Society,"  however,  was 
not  discouraged.  Mr.  Kelley  was  appointed 
its  general  agent,  and  continued  his  enthusiastic 
efforts  and  appeals.  In  1831,  Mr.  Kelley,  for 
the  society  issued  a  "circular"  to  persons  de- 
siring to  unite  in  an  "  Oregon  settlement  to  be 
commenced  in  the  spring  of  1832,  on  the  de- 
lightful and  fertile  banks  of  the  Columbia 
river."  The  circular  stated  that  "it  has  been 
contemplated  for  many  years  to  settle  with  the 
free  and  enlightened  but  redundant  population 
from  the  American  Republic,  that  portion  of 
her  territory  called  Oregon,  bounded  on  the 
Pacific  ocean  and  lying  between  the  forty- 
second  and  forty- ninth  parallels  of  north  lati- 
tude." 

The  plan  of  the  company  thus  outlined  was 
to  have  been  carried  into  effect  in  1832,  but  the 
failure  of  Congress  to  provide  for  any  assistance 
for  the  enterprise  caused  it  to  be  abandoned  for 
that  year.  One  of  its  agents  however,  Mr.  Na- 
thaniel J.  Wyeth,  of  whose  history  and  -work 
mention  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  history,  did 
cross  the  continent  with  a  small  body  of  Boston 
men  in  1832  and  returned  the  following  year  to 
prepare  for  a  large  personal  venture  in  the  line 
of  emigration  and  trade.  So  clearly  did  Mr. 
Kelley  comprehend  the  geographical  and  com- 
mercial relations  of  Oregon  at  that  time  that  he 
had  laid  out  upon  paper  splendid  city  plats  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  where  Astoria  now 
is,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Multnomah — or 
Willamette  —  and  the  Columbia  river  where 
Portland  now  is,  and  in  these  cities  yet  to  be 
each  immigrant  was  to  have  a  "town  lot,"  and 
somewhere  else  a  farm. 

Mr.  Kelley's  personal  connection  with  Oregon 
was  but  slight  and  short.  Attempting  to  freight 
a  vessel  and  failing,  he  sought  to  open  avenues 
of  overland  trade  through  Mexico  whose  reve- 
nue officers  confiscated  the  greater  part  of  his 
goods.  He  finally  reached  Vancouver  October 
15,  1834.     His  health  soon  failed  and  in  March, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1835,  lie  departed  for  liis  home,  having  lost 
$30,000  in  his  efforts  to  colonize  Oregon.  But 
while  losing  this  he  gained  a  place  in  history, 
and  his  name  is  gratefully  mentioned  as  the 
earliest  and  one  of  the  truest  friends  of  the 
"  Americanization  of  Oregon."  No  history  of 
Oregon  can  be  written  that  does  not  thus  record 
the  name  of  Hall  J.  Kelley.  Many  men  have 
found  a  much  lower  place  in  history  at  much 
greater  cost  and  efl'ort,  so  that,  to  him,  his  finan- 
cial loss  for  Oregon  was  moral  and  historic  gain 
for  himself. 

From  1835  to  1841  there  was  little  that 
might  be  called  immigration  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
True,  various  missionary  companies  arrived  in 
the  country,  as  noted  elsewhere,  but  few  of  these 
contemplated  at  first  a  permanent  residence,  al- 
though many  of  the  persons  comprising  these 
companies  did  remain  and  took  place  among 
the  most  intelligent,  patriotic  and  enterprising 
citizens.  Also  quite  a  number  of  persons 
who  had  formerly  been  connected  with  the 
various  trapping  and  trading  companies  in  the 
Rocky  mountain  regions  had  grown  tired  of 
their  precarious  and  dangerous  employment,  and 
came  down  into  the  "Willamette  valley  and  set- 
tied  upon  land  claims.  Some  of  these,  too,  held 
honorable  and  useful  places  in  the  subsequent 
history  of  the  country,  and  did  much  to  help 
forward  the  cause  of  the  Americanization  of 
Oregon.  The  records  of  both  these  classes  will 
appear  in  their  proper  places  in  their  history. 

In  the  autumn  of  1841  the  first  regular  emi- 
gration to  the  country,  constiting  of  111 
persons,  came  through  the  fastnesses  of  the 
mountains,  thus  nearly  doubling  the  white  pop- 
ulation at  once.  Probably  at  the  end  of  1841, 
in  all  the  region  that  now  constitutes  the 
States  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho, 
there  were  not  over  300  whites,  not  counting 
those  connected  with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany. The  emigration  of  this  year,  believing 
it  impossible  to  cross  the  mountains  with 
wagons,  made  no  attempt  to  do  so,  but  per- 
formed the  laborious  journey  of  2,000  miles 
troui  the  Missouri  frontier  on  horseback.     How 


they  could  have  been  so  misled  in  regard  to  the 
ditficuities  of  the  way  appears  a  mystery,  since 
Bonneville  eight  years  before,  and  Dr.  Whit- 
man six  years  before,  had  each  taken  wagons 
far  beyond  the  crests  of  the  Rockies,  and 
the  American  Fur  Company  had  frequently 
taken  them  as  far  as  Wind  river,  but  a  little 
eastward  of  the  crest.  But  as  they  were  misled, 
so  determined  was  their  purpose  of  emigration 
that  they  cheerfully  performed  the  herculean 
task  of  packing  all  their  goods  on  horses  and 
mules,  loading  and  unloading  them  morning 
and  evening,  for  tiie  entire  2,000  miles. 

Meantime  while  the  first  spray  of  the  rolling 
sea  of  American  emigrants  that  was  soon  to 
follow  was  touching  the  shores  of  Oregon,  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  seeing  the  danger  to 
their  own  purposes  of  permitting  the  people  of 
the  United  States  to  gain  a  preponderance  in  the 
country,  organized  a  scheme  of  emigration  from 
their  own  Red  river  colonies.  Sir  George  Simp- 
son, governor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
who  crossed  the  country  from  Montreal  to  Van- 
couver during  the  summer  of  1841,  described 
this  emigration  as  consisting  of  twenty-three 
families,  the  heads  being  generally  young  and 
active.  They  reached  Vancouver  in  Septem- 
ber, and  were  located  by  the  company  near 
their  (]owlitz  farm,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  head 
of  Pnget  Sound.  Quite  a  number  of  them, 
being  dissatisfied  with  their  location,  moved 
the  next  year  to  the  Willamette  valley,  not- 
withstanding the  desire  of  the  company  to 
strengthen  the  pretensions  of  Great  Britain  to 
the  country  north  of  the  Columbia  river  by 
retaining  them  there. 

The  emigration  of  1842,  for  various  reasons, 
took  a  very  important  place  in  the  early  history 
of  the  coast.  It  consisted  of  only  109  persons 
in  all,  hut  nearly  half  of  them  were  adults,  and 
many  of  these  were  men  who  subsequently  at- 
tained considerable  prominence  in  the  country 
and  contributed  not  a  little  to  its  prosperity. 
With  this  company  came  Dr.  Elijah  White, 
who  bore  a  commission  as  sub-Indian  agent  for 
the  region  west  of  the   Rockv   mountains,   and 


II I  STOUT    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


lias  the  historical  distinction  of  beiii^  the  first 
commissioned  representative  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  resident  west  of  the  Kocky 
mountains.  Dr.  Wiii^e's  place  in  Oregon  his- 
tory is  somewhat  unique.  He  came  to  the 
country  first  as  a  physician  to  the  Methodist 
mission,  but  on  account  of  a  disagreement  with 
its  superintendent,  Rev.  Jason  Lee,  and  other 
members  of  the  mission,  returned  to  the  East- 
ern States.  His  residence  of  some  years  in 
Oregon  and  his  general  intelligence  in  regard 
to  the  country  itself,  had  made  it  easy  for  him 
to  secure  the  attention  of  the  Government, 
and,  though  his  mental  and  moral  character- 
istics did  not  commend  him  to  the  people  of 
Oregon,  he  now  returned  commissioned  to  the 
most  important  place  in  the  colony.  While 
Dr.  White  personally  was  obnoxious  to  many 
of  the  people  whose  relations  to  the  Indian 
tribes  he  was  to  arbitrate,  yet  the  fact  that  he 
returned  bearing  a  Government  commission 
went  far  to  reconcile  the  people  toward  him, 
as  it  was  a  proof  that  the  Government  was  not 
entirely  forgetful  of  the  feeble  Pacific  colony, 
however  slow  it  seemed  to  be  in  asserting  its 
interest  in  them.  He  had  also  been  one  of 
the  main  promoters  of  the  emigration,  using 
his  prominence  as  ati  appointee  of  the  govern- 
ment to  gain  recruits  to  the  standard  of  the 
emigrants,  and  the  people  were  gratefully  glad 
for  any  influence  that  added  white  faces  to 
the  dark  visage  of  humanity  on  the  western 
coast.  So,  much  of  the  antipathy  of  the  people 
to  Dr.  White  as  a  man  and  a  missionary  was 
allowed  to  slumber,  or  was  kept  out  of  sight, 
and  the  good  he  could  do  them  as  an  offieer  of 
the  Government  the  rather  thought  of.  The 
justice  of  history,  which  neither  criticises  with 
prejudice  nor  praises  with  partiality,  compels 
the  statement  that  his  work  was  often  useful  to 
the  rising  commonwealth,  although  on  the 
whole  he  sadly  disappointed  the  hopes,  if  not 
the  expectations,  of  tlie  people. 

With  this  emigration  came  L.  W.  Hastings 
and  A.  L.  Lovejoy,  two  men  who  became  prom- 
inent ill    the  history  of  the  Territory,  and  also 


F.  X.  Matthieu  and  Medornm  Crawford,  men 
who  for  half  a  century- in  political  and  civil  life 
exercised  a  molding  and  salutary  influence. 

As  this  was  the  the  first  emigration  that  at- 
tempted the  entire  journey  across  the  plains 
with  wagons,  it  is  proper  that  we  let  one  of  its 
number,  Hon.  Medoruni  Crawford,  tell  a  part  of 
the  story  of  the  journey  in  his  own  way,  pre- 
mising that  at  Green  river  it  was  deemed  liest 
to  dismantle  half  the  wagons  and  resort  to  the 
more  primitive  method  of  packing  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  journey.  Of  the  journey  from 
Green  river  Mr.  Crawford  says: 

"  Horses,  mules  and  oxen  were  packed  with 
such  clothing,  utensils  and    provisions   as  were 


indi 


;pene 


for    our    daily    wants,  and  with 


heavy  hearts  many  articles  of  comfort  and  con- 
venience which  had  been  carefully  carried  and 
cared  for  during  the  long  journey  were  left  be- 
hind. About  the  middle  of  August  we  arrived 
at  Fort  Hall,  then  an  important  trading  post 
belonging  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  From 
Captain  Grant,  his  officers  and  employes  we 
received  such  favors  and  assistance  as  can  only 
be  appreciated  by  worn-out  and  destitute  emi- 
grants. Here  the  remaining  wagons  were  left, 
and  our  company,  no  longer  attempting  to  keep 
up  an  organization,  divided  into  small  parties, 
all  traveling  as  fast  as  their  circumstances 
would  permit,  following  the  well-beaten  trail  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  from  Fort  Hall  to 
Walla  Walla,  now  Wallula.  The  small  party 
to  which  I  was  attached  was  one  month  travel- 
ing from  Fort  Hall  to  Dr.  Whitman's,  where 
we  were  most  hospitably  received,  and  supplied 
with  flour  and  vegetables  in  abundance,  a  very 
acceptable  change  after  subsisting  almost  en- 
tirely on  buffalo  meat  from  Fort  Laramie  to 
Fort  Hall,  and  on  salmon  from  Fort  Hall  to 
Whitman's.  In  fact,  there  had  not  been  in  any 
mess  a  mouthful  of  bread  since  leaving  Laramie. 
"  From  Walla  Walla  Dr.  White  and  some 
others  took  passage  down  the  Columbia  river  on 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  boats  or  canoes, 
and  still  others,  and  the  larger  portion  of  the 
emigrants,   crossed  the    Cascade  mountains  on 


HfSTORT    OF     WASniNaTON. 


the  old  Indian  trail.  From  Fort  Hall  to  the 
Willamette  no  precaution  was  taken  against,  nor 
slighest  apprehension  felt  of,  Indian  hostility; 
nor  were  we  in  any  instance  molested  by  them; 
on  the  contrary  they  furnished  ns  with  salmon 
and  game,  and  rendered  us  valuable  assistance 
for  very  trifling  rewards.  From  Walla  Walla 
to  the  AVillamette  falls  occupied  about  twenty 
days,  and,  all  things  considered,  was  the  hardest 
part  of  the  entire  journey.  What  with  the 
drifting  sands,  rocky  cliffs  and  rapid  streams 
along  the  Columbia  river,  and  the  gorges, 
torrents  and  thickets  of  the  Cascade  mountains, 
it  seems  incredible  how,  with  our  worn-out  and 
emaciated  animals,  we  ever  reached  our  desti- 
nation." 

Those  who  in  later  years  and  under  more  fa- 
vorable conditions  traversed  the  same  road,  when 
they  read  this  description  of  the  disorganized 
and  careless  journey  of  the  emigration  of  1842, 
wonder  how  a  single  one  of  that  company  sur- 
vived the  perils  of  that  1,000  miles  journey 
from  Fort  Hall  to  the  Willamette  settlements 
arising  from  Indian  hostilities,  lack  of  food,  and 
the  incidental  dangers  of  wilderness  travel. 
That  they  did  seems  little  less  than  a  miracle. 

When  this  immigrant  company  had  become 
blended  with  the  former  white  population,  the 
entire  census  showed  less  than   500  souls. 

In  the  history  of  immigration  into  Oregon 
we  come  now  to  the  one  that,  historically,  has 
had  greater  prominence  and  wider  consideration 
than  any  other,  namely,  that  of  1843.  It  will 
require  a  somewhat  broader  treatment  than  any 
other,  because  so  many  personal  elements  have 
entered  into  its  consideration,  and  because  some 
names,  dear  to  the  people  of  this  coast,  and  of 
the  whole  country,  were  identified  with  it. 
There  has  been  much  controversy  about  the  part 
played  in  its  history  by  Dr.  Whitman,  and  many 
of  the  ablest  writers  of  the  coast  have  ventured 
history  and  criticism  and  opinion  upon  it, — 
perhaps  all  tinged,  more  or  less,  with  the  hues 
of  romance,  which  the  acts  of  so  chivalrous  and 
determined  a  leader  as  Dr.  Whitman  were  well 
.calculated  to  throw  over  it.     It  came,   too,  in 


the  crisis  of  our  national  controversy  with  Great 
Britain  in  regard  to  the  ownership  and  boundary 
of  Oregon,  and  seemed,  at  least  to  a  superficial 
observation,  the  decisive  factor  in  its  determi- 
nation in  favor  of  the  United  States.  For  these 
reasons  it  becomes  necessary  to  discuss  both  the 
motives  and  the  facts  that  distinguished  this 
above  all  other  immigrations.  In  doing  so  we 
shall  endeavor  to  leave  out  of  sight  claims  made, 
for  the  first  time,  by  writers  a  quarter  of  a 
century  after  the  events  recorded  transpired, 
conceived,  it  may  be,  under  the  influence  of  very 
partial  friendship  and  companionship;  or  if  not 
that,  then  in  the  prejudice  of  opposition  and 
personal  rivalry,  either  of  which  cannot  assist 
careful  and  judicial  historic  conclusions.  Only 
as  we  carefully  mark  the  trend  of  events  and 
discussions  relating  to  Oregon,  both  in  Oregon 
itself  and  the  Eastern  States,  around  the  firesid'  s 
of  the  people  and  in  the  halls  of  Congress,  and 
study  them  in  relation  to  the  philosophy  of 
human  action  as  we  understand  it,  can  we  arrive 
at  a  just  and  satisfactory  conclusion.  And,  in 
writing  the  history  of  the  immigration  of  1843, 
if  we  cannot  write  thus  it  will  be  impossible  to 
give  any  adequate  and  proper  understanding 
of  it.  First  of  all,  then,  the  causes  that  im- 
pelled it. 

With  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  which  ter- 
minated in  an  agreement  of  "  joint  occupancy  " 
of  the  country  by  the  citizens  of  the  two  powers 
with  equal  rights  and  privileges,  the  public 
mind  in  the  United  States  settled  into  the  con- 
clusion that  the  ultimate  ownership  of  the 
country  would  be  determined  by  real  occupancy. 
It  was  tolerably  evident  that  the  people,  whether 
English  or  American,  would  decide  the  question 
that  negotiation  could  not  settle,  and  that  neither 
party  felt  willing  to  submit  to  the  decision  of 
arms:  that  homes  and  herds,  plows  and  factories, 
schoolhouses  and  churches,  would  become  the 
determining  factors  in  the  conflict.  In  the 
light  of  this  conclusion  the  immigration  of 
1843,  far  more  than  those  preceding  it,  must  be 
studied. 


UlSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  people  of  the  western  frontier  had  be- 
come familiar  with  Oregon.  The  praises  of  its 
mild  climate  and  the  stories  of  its  wonderful 
productiveness  had  been  recited  in  their  ears  by 
returning  travelers  and  adventurers,  and  many 
of  their  own  kinsmen  had  already  settled  in  it 
and  written  back  the  same  wonderful  recitals. 
In  consequence  the  frontiersmen  who  are  always 
trembling  with  the  excitement  and  love  of  ad- 
venture, felt  the  thrill  of  desire  to  try  the  en- 
ticing journey — enticing  to  them  because  of 
its  very  perils — to  the  better  land  and  brighter 
clime  beyond  the  western  mountains.  Besides 
the  "  Oreo-on  bills,"  which  had  been  introduced 
into  Congress  by  Senator  Linn  of  Missouri,  in 
the  fall  of  1842,  making  provision  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  line  of  "stockaded  forts  from  some 
point  on  the  Missouri  and  Arkansas  rivers  into 
the  best  pass  for  entering  the  valley  of  the  Ore- 
gon; and  also  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river;"  and  also  to  '*  secure  the  grant  of 
640  acres  of  land  to  every  white  male  inhabitant 
of  the  Territory  of  Oregon  of  the  age  of  eight- 
een years  and  upward,"  besides  other  provisions 
hicrhly  advantageous  to  the  settlers,  had  given 
assurances  to  the  people  that  their  action  in  re- 
moving to  and  settling  in  Oregon  would  cer- 
tainly receive  the  strong  support  of  the  Govern- 
munt. 

The  course  of  negotiation  on  the  part  of  the 
Government  relating  to  Oregon  had  been  such 
before  this  time  that  this  proposed  movement 
by  Congress  came  not  too  soon,  nor  was  it  too 
favorable  for  the  end  desired.  Let  us  glance  at 
that  course  for  a  moment. 

The  general  direction  of  the  treaty  stipula- 
tions into  which  our  Government  had  entered 
with  that  of  Great  Britain  in  regard  to  Oregon 
was  plainly,  in  its  result,  inimical  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  United  States.  The  first  great  false 
step  was  the  "treaty  of  joint  occupancy,"  as  it 
was  called,  in  1818,  under  the  administration  of 
Mr.  Monroe,  by  which,  in  effect,  our  Govern- 
ment put  into  the  hands  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  which  already  flanked  the  country, 
the  power  and  right  by  treaty  to  enter  into    it 


with  their  drilled  and  armed  "  servants,"  and 
took  from  itself  the  right  to  enter  any  protest 
against  that  really  armed  invasion.  That  treaty 
was  for  ten  years,  and  expired  by  limitation  in 
1828,  and  in  that  year  by  another  treaty  the 
provisions  of  the  former  were  extended  until 
one  or  the  other  party  should  give  notice  for  its 
termination.  This  was,  if  possible,  a  greater 
blunder  than  the  former,  for  it  perpetuated 
what  else  were  dead  by  limitation,  and  made  all 
subsequent  action  much  more  difficult  and  for- 
midable. Then  the  Ashburton  negotiation 
which  defined  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada  as  far  west  as  the 
summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  should,  and 
unquestionably  might,  have  been  pressed  to  a 
settlement  of  that  boundary  to  the  Pacific  ocean 
on  the  same  degree  of  latitude,  namely,  the 
forty-ninth.  Then,  most  unphilosophic  and 
unreasonable  of  all,  came  President  Tyler's  rec- 
ommendation to  discountenance  emigration  to 
Oregon,  by  withholding  land  from  the  emigrants 
until  the  two  Governments  had  settled  the  title 
— a  contingency  too  distant  and  doubtful  to  be 
counted  on,  and  which  could  only  inure  to  the 
advantage  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  re- 
presenting, and  in  that  sense  personating,  Great 
Britain.  Thus,  by  a  course  of  vacillation  and 
timidity,  if  not  incompetency,  the  Government 
put  in  imminent  peril  its  title  to  Oregon,  and 
nearly  lost  the  stars  of  our  great  Northwestern 
States  from  the  banner  of  our  national  Union. 

But  in  America  the  people  are  always  greater 
than  the  Government,  and  they  took  up  the 
work  of  saving  what  the  Government  had  so 
nearly  lost,  and  they  succeeded  where  it  had 
failed. 

All  these  facts  and  influences  converged  at 
once  on  the  minds  of  the  people  in  the  autumn 
of  1842.  The  newspapers  of  the  land  heralded 
them  everywhere.  Oregon,  the  title  of  the 
LTnited  States  to  it,  and  the  purpose  of  immigra- 
tion into  it  both  as  a  personal  and  patriotic  im- 
pulse, were  the  themes  of  conversation  in  the 
cabins  of  the  frontiersmen  of  the  West  and  in 
the  homes  of  the  East.     The  writer  heard  it, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOrOJS. 


109 


talke.1  it,  felt  it  in  his  hoine  iu  central  New 
York.  It  was  everywhere, — an  impulse,  an  in- 
spiration, a  movement  of  the  great  lieart  of  the 
American  people.  By  and  by  we  shall  see  its 
outcome. 

Coincident  with  this  impulse  toward  Oregon 
wliich  was  moving  the  heart  of  the  East,  Ore- 
gon itself  was  thrilling  with  the  same  interest 
for  her  own  destiny.  The  emigrants  of  former 
years  were  writing  flaming  and  exciting  letters 
to  their  friends  in  the  East.  The  missionaries, 
both  of  the  Methodist  and  American  Boards,  as 
well  as  the  independent  missionaries,  filled 
column  after  column  of  the  great  church  papers 
in  the  Eastern  cities  with  religious  and  patriotic 
appeals.  For  the  number  of  its  people  at  that 
time,  no  iiew  country,  if  ever  any  old  country, 
had  a  larger  proportion  of  men  of  marked  ability 
and  higli  character  than  Oregon.  Among  the 
immigrant  civilians  were  those  already  named 
in  this  chapter  with  others,  with  such  laymen 
in  the  mission  work  as  Whitman,  Abernethy, 
Gray,  Campbell,  and  Brewer;  and  in  the  minis- 
terial field  such  men  as  Lee,  Leslie,  Walker, 
Griffin,  Hines,  Waller,  Eels,  and  others,  all  of 
whom  were  men  before  ttiey  were  missionaries, 
and  Americans  before  they  were  churchmen. 
These  were  all  employed  from  within  the  coun- 
try itself  in  awakening,  by  their  private  corre- 
spondence and  tlieir  published  letters,  a  wide- 
spread public  interest  in  all  the  nation  on  the 
"  Oregon  question,"  and  thus  it  became  the 
question  of  tlie  hour.  These  reisons  alone  are 
sufficient  to  account  for  the  large  emigration 
that  stood  ou  the  banks  of  the  Missouri  river  in 
the  early  spring  of  1843  with  tiie'r  faces  look- 
ing toward  the  west. 

Still  there  was  one  personal  incident,  and  one 
person  having  such  a  romantic,  if  not  such  a 
vital,  connection  with  this  emigration  as  to  re- 
quire a  candid  and  somewhat  extended  discus- 
sion before  we  consider  the  emigration  itself. 
That  person  was  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  and  the 
incident  was  his  perilous  winter's  ride  over  the 
frozen  deserts  and  through  the  snow-blocked 
mountain   passes,  from  the  mission  station  near 


Fort  Walla  Walla  to  St.  Louis,  with  the  pur- 
pose of  awakening  the  Goveinment  of  the  United 
States  to  some  just  idea  of  the  value  of  Oregon, 
and  of  the  danger  of  its  alienation,  as  well  as  to 
organize  and  lead  back  an  emigration  to  take 
possession  of  the  country  as  settlers  in  the  inter- 
est of  its  Americanization.  While  something 
of  romance  has  been  thrown  about  this  "  ride," 
— and  it  may  have  been  invested  by  some  wri- 
ters with  greater  results  than  it  really  accom- 
plished,— -it  was  certainly  a  bold  and  romantic 
venture,  and  its  results  entitle  Dr.  Whitman  to 
a  unique  place  in  the  history  of  this  coast. 
Narrated  as  briefly  as  possible,  the  facts  of  his 
journey  seem  to  be  about  these: 

His  work  among  the  Indians,  like  all  the  In- 
dian missionary  work  on  the  coast,  had  proved  a 
comparative  failure.  The  board  under  whose 
direction  he  wrought  iiaving  become  dissatisfied 
with  the  meager  results  of  that  work,  had  de- 
cided to  abandon  that  station  and  had  given  di- 
rections accordingly.  Dr.  Whitman  disagreed 
with  the  judgment  of  the  board,  and  sought  the 
approval  of  his  fellow- missionaries  in  the  field 
of  his  desire  to  return  to  the  States,  and  repre- 
sent before  the  board  the  importance  of  continu- 
ing it.  After  some  delay,  and  the  exhibition 
of  a  determination  on  his  part  to  go  with  or 
without  their  approval,  their  consent  was  given, 
and  October  3,  1842,  fixed  as  the  time  for  his 
departure. 

Meanwhile  the  subject  of  the  struggle  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  for 
the  actual  possession  of  Oregon  was  at  its 
height  Dr.  Whitn)an  was  an  intense  Ameri- 
can, and  must  have  felt  keenly  the  need  of  early 
and  earnest  action  in  behalf  of  his  own  country. 
He  could  be  of  great  value  to  Oregon,  coming 
just  from  the  field,  and  possibly  put  the  Govern- 
ment into  truer  relations  to  the  questions  pend- 
ing than  any  man  then  in  Washington.  Besides, 
at  this  juncture  the  emigration  of  1842  was 
arriving,  and  the  tenor  of  the  news  they  brought 
was,  tlie  negotiations  looking  to  the  surrender  of 
apart  or  the  whole  of  Oregon  to  Great  Britain, 
in  consideration  of  certain  privileges  and  rights 


niSTOJRT     OP    WASUINGTON. 


on  the  lisliiiig  banks  of  Newfoundland,  were 
pending  in  Washington.  This  added  new  force 
to  Dr.  Whitman's  resolution,  and  unquestion- 
ably broadened  the  purpose  of  liis  own  mind  in 
his  journey.  But,  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that, 
before  this  intelligence  from  the  immigrants 
had  reached  liim,  his  plans  were  formed  and  the 
date  of  his  departure  fixed.  Circiitnstances  en- 
abled him  to  anticipate  that  date  by  a  couple  of 
/ays, — an  important  consideration  to  his  jour- 
ney, as  winter  was  already  near  at  band.  While, 
therefore,  the  intelligence  brought  by  the  immi- 
gration served  to  confirm  Dr.  Whitman  in  the 
wisdom  of  the  resolution  he  had  taken,  it  could 
not  have  been  the  reason  of  that  resolution,  as 
some  writers  have  endeavored  to  make  it  appear. 
Nor  does  this  in  any  manner  depreciate  the 
ralue  of  the  services  of  Dr.  Whitman  nor  de- 
iract.  from  his  true  fame  as  one  of  the  most  de- 
voted of  missionaries,  the  most  ]'atiiotic  of 
citizens,  and  the  most  noble  and  chivalric  of 
men. 

Space  cannot  be  given  to  tlie  details  of  Dr. 
Whitman's  winter  journey  over  the  Rocky 
mountains  to  St.  Louis;  yet  as  it  has  a  connec- 
tion with  the  history  of  the  emigration  of  1843, 
and  incidentally  with  Oregon  history  in  a  broader 
sense,  some  notice  of  it  mnst  be  given. 

On  the  3d  of  October,  with  a  single  com- 
panion, he  left  his  mission  station  at  Waiiletpu, 
on  the  Walla  Walla  river,  about  twenty-five 
miles  from  the  Hudson  Bay  fort,  and  began  his 
perilous  ride.  His  companion  was  Mr.  Abbot 
Lawrence  Lovejoy,  a  Massachusetts  man,  as  his 
name  snfiiciently  indicates,  who  was  a  member 
of  the  immigration  of  that  season,  and  had  only 
reached  Waiiletpu  about  a  week  before.  He 
was  young  and  vigorous,  of  compact  and  sinewy 
form  and  well  adapted  to  brave  the  hardships 
that  were  before  him.  The  writer  had  a  some- 
what intimate  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Lovejoy 
subsequently,  for  at  least  twenty-live  years,  and 
often  conversed  with  him  in  regard  to  Dr. 
AVhitman's  mission  to  the  East  at  that  time, 
and  the  circumstances  attending  their  journey. 
Dr.  Whitman   himself  left   no  record  of  it,  so 


that  Mr.  Lovejoy's  is  its  authentic  story.  Ac- 
cording to  that  account,  after  leaving  W^aiiletpu 
they  traveled  rapidly  tlfrough  the  Blue  mount- 
ains and  up  the  valley  of  the  Snake  river, 
reaching  Fort  Hall,  a  distance  of  400  miles,  in 
eleven  days.  Here  the  direct  line  of  travel,  as 
pursued  by  the  emigrants  who  had  made  a 
plain  wagon  road  to  the  Missouri  river,  led 
over  comparatively  low  mountain  spurs  until  it 
leached  tiie  high  mountain  plain  that  borders 
Green  river,  and  then  through  the  wide  de- 
pression in  the  Rocky  mountains  known  as  the 
"South  Pass,"  thence  directly  down  the  waters 
of  the  riatte  river  to  the  Missouri.  For  some 
reason  the  Doctor,  instead  of  following  the 
beaten  road,  which  would  have  taken  him  at 
his  rate  of  travel  beyond  the  South  Pass  in  two 
weeks  from  Fort  Hall,  took  a  more  southern 
route,  via  Salt  Lake  Taos  and  Santa  Fe,  and 
thence  to  St.  Louis.  This  took  him  out  of  the 
open  way  into  the  wildest  and  most  snowy  of 
the  Rocky  mountains,  and  at  least  doubled  the 
necessary  travel.  To  add  to  the  difficulty  and 
danger  of  the  way  selected,  the  winter  storms 
came  on  unusually  early.  While  they  were  yet 
involved  in  the  mountains  between  Fort  Hall 
and  Fort  Uinta,  the  snows  lay  deep  around 
them;  and  between  Fort  Uinta  and  Fort  Un- 
compahgre,  on  the  waters  of  Grande  river,  the 
main  eastern  branch  of  the  Colorado,  in  the 
Spanish  territory  and  yet  west  of  the  mountain 
summits,  it  was  hardly  possible  for  them  to 
make  headway.  At  this  fort  they  recruited 
their  supplies,  and  procuring  a  guide  started 
for  Taos  across  the  main  divide  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  nearly  a  thousand  miles  by  the 
way  of  their  travel  from  Fort  Hall.  Four  or 
five  days  from  Fort  Uncompahgre  they  en- 
countered a  terrific  storm,  when  their  guide 
became  confused  and  Dr.  Whitman  was  com- 
pelled to  return  to  Fort  Uncompahgre  to  pro- 
cure a  new  one,  Mr.  Lovejoy  remaining  alone 
in  the  mountain  camp  with  the  animals  for 
seven  days  before  his  return.  Recovering  their 
way,  it  was  yet  thirty  days  before  they  reached 
Taos,  and  they  suffered  greatly  on  the  way  from 


mSTORY     OF    WASRINGTON. 


cold  and  scarcity  of  food,  being  compelled  to 
use  mule  meat,  dogs  and  such  other  animals  as 
came  in  their  way.  After  remaining  at  Taos  a 
few  days  they  started  for  Bent's  Fort,  on  the 
headwaters  of  the  Arkansas  river.  Still  mis- 
fortunes attended  their  way.  Desiring  to 
reach  Bent's  Fort  more  speedily  than  his  loaded 
pack  animals  could  make  the  journey,  the 
Doctor  selected  the  best  horse,  and  with  blank- 
ets and  a  little  food  rode  forward  alone.  In 
four  days  Mr.  Lovejoy  and  the  guide  arrived, 
but  the  Doctor  had  not  been  seen  or  heard  of. 
Mr.  Lovejoy  returned  a  hundred  miles  on  the 
trail,  but  could  only  hear  from  the  Indians  that 
a  lost  white  man  had  been  inquiring  the  way  to 
Bent's  Fort.  About  the  eighth  day  from  the 
time  he  left  his  companions  he  reached  the 
fort,  worn,  weary  and  desponding,  as  he  believed 
God  had  bewildered  him  for  traveling  on  the 
Sabbath — a  thing  that  he  had  always  consci- 
entionsly  avoided. 

Leaving  Mr.  Lovejoy  at  Bent's  Fort,  he  im- 
mediately pushed  forward  with  a  company  of 
mountaineers,  and  reached  St.  Louis  in  Febru- 
ary. He  had  been  over  four  months  on  the 
road.  Why  he  should  have  left  the  plain  road 
leading  through  a  comparatively  open  country, 
fi'ee  from  precipitous  mountain  ranges,  over 
which  he  himself  had  traveled,  most  of  it  three 
times,  and  taken  one  so  much  longer,  leading 
through  the  most  rugged  portion  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  with  which  he  was  entirely  un- 
acquainted, has  never  been  decided. 

On  reacliing  St.  Louis  Dr.  AVhitrnan  found 
that  the  occasion  for  his  perilous  winter's  jour- 
ney, so  far  as  it  related  to  the  matter  of  nego- 
tiations between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  for  the  sale  of  Oregon  to  the  former  in 
any  way,  did  not  e.xist.  The  treaty  between  the 
two  powers  known  as  the  Webster-Ashburton 
treaty  had  been  signed  on  the  9th  of  August, 
preceding,  nearly  two  months  before  his  jour- 
ney. The  Oregon  boundary  had  not  been  in- 
cluded in  the  treaty,  nor  even  discussed  by  Mr. 
Webster  and  Mr.  Ashburton,  representing  the 
tw'o  governments.     Consequently  the  danger  of 


the  loss  of  Orego',1  by  the  LTnited  States  had 
not  been  so  imminent  as  he  had  supposed.  His 
purpose,  however,  was  none  the  less  patriotic, 
nor  his  bravery  in  endeavoring  to  carry  it  out 
the  less  admirable,  but  this  fact  certainly  dem- 
onstrates that  all  attempts  to  claim  for  him  the 
honor  of  saving  Oregon  to  the  United  States 
must  prove  failures.  The  danger  of  losing 
Oregon  was  fully  averted  by  the  postponement 
of  the  boundary  question.  His  presence  in 
Washington,  beginning  six  months  after  the 
treaty  was  signed,  and  nearly  as  long  after  its 
ratification  by  the  Senate,  could  not  have  in- 
fluenced the  decision  of  the  question  in  the 
remotest  degree.  Nor  is  there  any  evidence 
that  he  personally  ever  made  such  a  claim. 
Indeed  it  is  clear  that  he  did  not,  but  that  it 
was  made  many  years  after  the  occurrences 
narrated,  and  long  after  his  tragic  death  at  the 
hands  of  the  Indians  had  invested  his  name 
with  the  halo  of  martyrdom  by  those  who  had 
been  associated  with  him  in  his  missionary 
work,  and  grew  out  of  their  admiration  of  his 
character  and  their  memory  of  the  purpose  that 
largely  actuated  him,  as  they  understood  it,  in 
projecting  and  performing  his  celebrated  jour- 
ney. It  is  not  needful  to  attempt  further  ex- 
planation of  the  claim  that  was,  for  a  time, 
strongly  current,  that  Dr.  Whitman  "  alone 
saved  Oregon  to  the  United  States."  He  did 
his  part,  others  did  theirs,  but  if  Dr.  AVhitrnan 
had  not  lived  Oregon  would  have  been,  as  it 
now  is,  a  great  State  of  our  glorious  Union. 

On  Dr.  Whitman's  arrival  on  the  frontier  he 
found  that  great  preparations  were  being  made 
for  an  emigration  to  Oregon  in  the  opening 
spring.  The  desire  and  purpose  to  find  a  home 
in  the  Willamette  Valley,  the  fame  of  whose 
climate  and  productiveness  had  already  spread 
far  and  wide,  was  becoming  a  contagion.  Re- 
sponding to  that  sentiment.  Dr. Whitman  wrote 
a  small  pamphlet  describing  the  country  and 
the  route  thither,  urging  people  to  emigrate, 
and  assuring  them  that  they  could  take  wagons 
through  to  the  Columbia,  and  promising  to 
join  the  emigration  and  act   as  its  pilot  on   his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


return  from  the  Eastern  States.  His  pamphlet, 
::dded  to  his  personal  appeals,  added  somewhat 
to  the  numbers,  and  largely  to  the  courage  and 
confidence  of  the  emigrants,  but  he  was  too 
late  to  initiate  the  great  public  movement  that 
resulted  in  the  large  emigration  of  that  year, — 


historically  the  most  important  that  ever  en- 
tered Oregon,  as  it  put  such  a  preponderance 
of  American  people  and  American  sentiment 
into  Oregon  as  to  assuredly  settle  the  position 
Oregon  itself  would  take  in  the  pending  inter- 
national controversy. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

IMMIGRATIONS,  CONTINUED. 

Great  Pkeparations  for  Emigration — Incidents  of  Emigration — Mr.  Nesmith's  Account — A 
New  Era — Lieutenant  Fremont's  Expedition — Emigration  of  1844 — Divided  into  Com- 
panies— Settlement  North  of  the  Columbia — Emigration  of  1845 — Prominent  Members 
— A  New  but  Disastrous  Road — Emigration  of  1846 — Party  Taking  a  New  Route — 
Much  Suffering — The  Donner  Party — Wagon  Road  Across  the  Cascade  Mountains — • 
Caught  in  the  Snows — Winter  in  the  Mountains — Barlow  and  Rector — Emigration  of 
1847 — Valuable  Additions — '-Traveling  Nursery." 


IfT  is  as  well,  once  for  all  that  we  give  some 
account  of  the  circumstances  attending  the 
-i  gathering,  departure  and  journey  of  an  emi- 
gration over  the  mountains  to  the  Pacific  coast; 
and  as  the  emigration,  of  1843  was  so  pro- 
minent in  its  early  history,  we  have  chosen  this 
as  the  place  in  which  to  do  so.  As  to  the  gather- 
ing of  this  emigration  on  the  western  frontier 
of  Missouri  we  shall  permit  Hon.  J.  W.  Nes- 
inith,  a  young  member  of  the  emigration,  after- 
ward for  many  years  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent public  men  in  the  Territory  and  State,  and 
for  six  years  senator  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  for  Oregon,  to  tell  the  story  in 
his  own  well-chosen  words.     He  says: 

"Without  order  from  any  quarter,  and  with- 
out preconcert,  promptly  as  the  grass  began  to 
start,  the  emigrants  began  to  assemble  near  In- 
dependence, at  a  place  called  Fitzhue's  Mill. 
On  the  seventeenth  day  of  May,  1843,  notices 
were  circulated  through  the  different  encamp- 
ments that  on  the  succeeding  day  those  who 
contemplated  emigrating  to  Oregon  would  meet 
at  a  designated  point  to  organize.  Promptly  at 
the  appointed  hour  motley  groups  assembled. 
They  consisted  of  tlie    people    from  all  States 


and  Territories,  and  nearly  all  nationalities, 
the  most,  however,  from  Arkansas,  Illinois, 
Missouri  and  Iowa,  and  all  strangers  to  one 
another,  but  impressed  with  some  crude  idea 
that  there  existed  some  imperative  necessity 
for  some  kind  of  an  organization  for  mu- 
tual protection  against  the  hostile  Indians  in- 
habiting the  great  unknown  wilderness  stretch- 
ing away  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific,  and  which 
they  were  about  to  traverse  with  their  wives 
and  children,  household  goods  and  all  their 
earthly  possessions. 

'•  Many  of  the  emigrants  were  from  the  west- 
ern tier  of  counties  of  Missouri,  known  as  the 
Platte  Purchase,  and  among  them  was  Peter  H. 
Burnett,  a  former  merchant,  who  had  aban- 
doned the  yardstick  and  become  a  lawyer  of 
some  celebrity  for  his  ability  as  a  smooth- 
tungued  advocate.  He  subsequently  emigrated 
to  California,  and  was  elected  the  first  governor 
of  the  Golden  State.  Mr.  Burnett,  or  as  he  was 
familiarly  designated,  'Pete,'  was  called  upon 
for  a  speech.  Mounting  a  log  the  glib-tongued 
orator  delivered  a  glowing,  florid  address.  He 
commenced  by  showing  his  audience  that  the 
then  western  tier  of  States  and  Territories  was 


J 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


over-crowded  by  a  redundant  population,  wLo 
had  not  sufficient  elbow  room  for  the  expansion 
of  their  enterprise  and  genins,  and  it  was  a  duty 
they  owed  to  themselves  and  posterity  to  strike 
out  in  search  of  a  more  extended  lield  and  a 
more  genial  climate,  where  the  soil  yielded  the 
richest  return  for  the  slightest  amount  of  cul- 
tivation, where  the  trees  were  loaded  with  per- 
ennial fruit,  and  where  a  good  substitute  for 
bread,  called  Za  Ccmiask,  grew  in  the  ground, 
salmon  and  other  fish  crowded  the  streams,  and 
where  the  principal  labor  of  the  settlers  would 
be  confined  to  keeping  their  gardens  free  from 
the  inroads  of  buffalo,  elk,  deer,  and  wild  tur- 
keys! He  appealed  to  our  patriotism  by  pictur- 
ing forth  the  glorious  empire  we  should  estab- 
lish on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific;  bow,  with  our 
trusty  rifles,  we  would  drive  out  the  British 
usurpers  who  claimed  the  soil,  and  defend  the 
country  from  the  advance  and  pretensions  of 
the  British  lion,  and  how  posterity  would  honor 
us  for  placing  the  finest  portion  of  our  country 
under  the  dominion  of  the  stars  and  stripes. 
He  concluded  by  a  slight  allusion  to  the  hard- 
ships and  trials  incident  to  the  trip,  and  dangers 
to  be  encountered  from  hostile  Indians  on  the 
route,  and  those  inhabiting  the  country  whither 
we  were  bound.  He  furthermore  intimated  a 
desire  to  look  upon  the  tribe  of 'noble  red  men,' 
that  the  valiant  and  well-armed  crowd  around 
him  could  not  vanquish  in  a  single  encounter. 
"  Other  speeches  were  made,  full  of  glowing 
description  of  the  fair  land  of  promise  in  the 
far-away  Oregon,  which  no  one  in  the  assem- 
blage had  ever  seen,  and  of  which  not  more  than 
half  a  dozen  had  ever  read  any  account.  After 
the  election  of  Mr.  Burnett  as  captain  and 
other  necessary  officers,  the  meeting,  as  motley 
and  primitive  a  one  as  ever  assembled,  adjourned 
with  three  cheers  for  Captain  Burnett  and  Ore- 
gon. On  the  20th  of  May,  1843,  after  a  pretty 
thorough  military  organization,  we  took  up  our 
line  of  march,  with  Captain  John  Gantt,  an  old 
army  officer  who  combined  the  character  of 
trappers  and  mountaineer,  as  our  guide.  Gantt 
had    in  his  wanderings  been    as  far  as  Green 


river,  and  assured  us  of  the  practicability  of  a 
wagon  road  thus  far;  Green  river,  the  extent  of 
our  guide's  knowledge  in  that  direction,  was 
not  half-way  to  the  Willamette  valley,  the 
then  only  inhabited  portion  of  Oregon.  Beyond 
that  we  had  not  the  slightest  conjecture  of  the 
condition  of  the  country.  "We  went  forth 
trusting  to  the  future,  and  would  doubtless 
have  encountered  more  difficulties  than  we  ex- 
perienced had  not  Dr.  Whitman  overtaken  us 
before  we  reached  the  terminus  of  our  guide's 
knowledge.  He  was  familiar  with  the  whole 
route,  and  was  confident  that  wagons  could 
pass  through  the  canons  and  gorges  of  Snake 
river  and  over  the  Blue  mountains,  which  the 
mountaineers  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Hall  de- 
clared to  be  a  physical  impossibility. 

"  Captain  Grant,  then  in  charge  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  at  Fort  Hall,  endeavored  to 
dissuade  us  from  proceeding  farther  with  our 
wagons,  and  showed  us  the  wagons  that  the 
emigrants  of  the  preceding  year  had  abandoned 
as  an  evidence  of  the  impracticability  of  our  de- 
termination. Dr.  Whitman  was  pei-sistent  in 
his  assertion  that  wagons  could  proceed  as  far  as 
the  grand  Dalles  of  the  Columbia  river,  from 
which  point  he  asserted  they  could  be  taken 
down  by  rafts  or  batteaux  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  while  our  stock  could  be  driven  by  an 
Indian  trail  over  the  Cascade  mountains  near 
Mount  Hood.  Happily  Whitman's  advice  pre- 
vailed and  a  large  number  of  wagons  with  a 
portion  of  the  stock  did  reach  Walla  Walla  and 
the  Dalles,  from  which  points  they  were  taken 
to  Willamette  the  following  year.  Had  we  fol- 
lowed Grant's  advice  and  abandoned  the  cattle 
and  wagons  at  Fort  Hall,  much  suffei-ing  must 
have  ensued,  as  a  sufficient  number  of  horses  to 


carry 


the    women  and    children    of   the 


party 


could  not  have  been  obtained:  besides  wagons 
and  cattle  were  indispensable  to  men  expecting 
to  live  by  farming  a  country  destitute  of  such 
articles. 

"At  Fort  Hall  we  fell  in  with  some  Cayuse 
and  Nez  Perces  Indians  returning  from  the 
buffalo  country,  and  as  it  was  necessary  for  Dr. 


UIHTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Whitman  to  precede  U8  to  Walla  Walla,  lie 
recommended  to  us  a  guide  in  the  person  of  an 
old  Cay  use  Indian  called  '  Sticcus.'  He  was  a 
faithful  old  fellow,  perfectly  familiar  with  all 
the  trails  and  topography  of  the  country  from 
Fort  Hall  to  the  Dalles,  and  although  not  speak- 
ing a  word  of  English,  and  no  one  in  our  party 
a  word  of  Caynse,  lie  succeeded  by  pantomime 
in  taking  us  over  the  roughest  wau;on  route  I 
ever  saw."' 

This  quotation  from  Mr.  Nesraith  must  give 
our  readers  a  fair  idea  of  the  courage  and  deter- 
mination necessary  in  this  early  day  to  face  the 
dangers  and  endure  the  discomforts  of  a  half 
year's  journey,  with  oxen  and  wagons  as  the 
means  of  travel,  over  the  desolate  plains  and 
thrungli  the  rugged  mountains  that  lay  wide 
and  dark  lietween  the  Missouri  river  and  the 
Pacific  ocean,  a  distance  of  a  round  two  thou- 
sand miles.  But  the  daily  march  over  dusty  and 
sunbrowned  leagues,  the  night's  weird  bivouac 
under  the  stars,  the  fording  of  rushing  rivers, 
the  ascent  and  descent  of  precipitous  mountains, 
the  lone  camp-guard,  the  thundering  stampede 
of  horses  and  oxen,  the  warning  and  warding  off 
of  Indian  attacks  amid  the  crouching  of  fright- 
ened children,  or  the  suppressed  sobbing  of 
timid  women, — these  must  have  been  seen  and 
experienced  ti;  be  understood  as  they  existed  in 
reality  from  1841,  when  emigration  began,  to 
1860,  about  which  time  the  pioneer  emigrant 
era  may  be  considered  to  have  closed. 

In  the  emigration  of  this  year  were  many 
men  whose  names  became  very  prominently 
connected  with  the  history  of  the  country. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  Apple- 
gates,  Burnett,  Cason,  Chapman,  Dement,  the 
Fords,  the  Garrisons,  the  Hunters,  the  Howells, 
the  Matheneys,  McCarver,  Nesmith,  Parker, 
and  the  Waldos.  When  the  company  reached 
Oregon,  besides  the  gentlemen  connected  with 
the  various  missionary  stations,  and  fifty  or 
more  of  the  former  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
employes  settled  on  French  prairie,  there  were 
resident  in  Oregon  about  eighty  American  men, 
making  in  the  autum  of    1843,  with  the  newly 


arrived  emigrants,  a  total  adult  male  population 
of  about  four  hundred,  and  a  total  white  popu- 
lation of  not  far  from  two  thousand  souls. 

The  introduction  of  this  number  of  American 
people,  many  of  whom  were  educated  and  re- 
fined and  all  of  whom  were  strong  in  purpose, 
and  had  wealth  both  of  brain  and  brawn,  lifted 
Oregon  at  once  from  a  camping-ground  for  fur 
hunters  and  mountain  mefi,  and  even  from  a 
field  of  mere  missionary  occupancy,  to  the  con- 
dition of  a  civil  community — a  commonwealth 
— with  the  needs  of  a  cominnnity,  and  with 
ability  and  dispositions  to  supply  those  wants. 
So  the  autumn  and  emigration  of  1843  brought 
a  new  era  to  Oregon,  the  era  of  government, 
which  will  be  considered  in  its  proper  place  in 
this  woi-k. 

The  impulse  of  emigration  to  Oregon  did  not 


exhaust  itself  in  1843.  The  last  em 


igrant  wagon 


of  that  year  had  hardly  disappeared  westward  of 
Missouri  before  the  frontier  was  astir  again  with 
moving  preparations  for  the  emigration  of  1844. 
This  was  nearly  as  greatas  that  of  the  preceding 
year.  It  added  about  800  to  the  American 
population  of  Oregon,  234  of  them  strong,  able- 
bodied  men.  The  emigration  of  1843  came  in 
a  single  column,  under  one  captain,  and  with  a 
semi-military  organization.  That  of  1844  started 
from  various  points,  under  different  leaders,  and 
divided  up  more  and  more  as  it  progressed  on 
the  journey.  Tliis  greatly  added  to  the  ease 
and  facility  of  travel,  and  the  various  companies 
had  comparatively  little  difficulty  in  their  long 
journey.  Besides,  the  several  hundred  wagons 
of  the  preceding  year  had  broken  down  the  sage 
of  the  plains,  and  made  a  clearly  marked  road  as 
far  as  The  Dalles.  The  larger  divisions  of  the 
emigration  started,  one  from  Independence,  one 
from  near  the  mouth  of  Platte  river,  and  one 
from  near  St.  Joseph,  and  Cornelius  Gilliam, 
Nathan  Ford  and  Major  Thorp  commanded  these 
divisions  respecti /ely.  In  this  emigration  were 
many  names  that  have  beconie  honored  in  vari- 
ous departments  of  western  history  and  that 
are  worthy  of  notable  record.  Without  any  in- 
vidious selections  we  name  the  Eadses,the  Fords, 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


the  Gilliams,  Holinan,  Miiito,  Eees,  Simmons, 
tlie  Shaws,  the  Thorps,  J.  S.  Smith  and  many 
others  whose  industry  made  tlie  country  to 
bloom  like  a  rose  tree,  and  who  in  many  ways 
contributed  to  its  material  growth  and  moral 
and  intellectual  progress. 

Of  the  immigration  of  1845  comparatively 
little  record  has  been  preserved,  although  it  was 
larger  than  that  of  either  of  the  two  preceding 
years.  The  population  of  the  Territory  was 
now  becoming  so  large  that  a  thousand  or  two 
of  people  could  melt  away  into  the  font  er  ag- 
gregate without  such  manifest  e.xpansion  of  the 
population  as  before.  And  besides,  when  so 
many  had  preceded,  it  was  not  considered  so 
strange  that  many  others  should  follow.  Hence 
the  2,000  people  constituting  the  immigration 
of  1845  arrived,  dispersed  over  the  country 
fi'ora  the  California  mountains  to  i'nget  sound, 
and  became  integral  parts  of  the  body  politic, 
without  having  taking  pains  to  make  a  roster 
for  the  benefit  of  history,  on  the  perpetuity 
of  their  own  deeds.  Still  a  few  can  be  mentioned, 
culled  here  and  there  from  fugitive  archives, 
whose  names  must  ever  stand  connected  with 
some  departments  of  the  deeds  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  coast.  We  instance  T.  Vault,  the  Way- 
raires,  the  Riggses,  Gen.  Joel  Palmer  and 
Wilcox. 

The  road  from  the  Missouri  to  tlie  Columbia 
iiad  now  become  a  broad  and  beaten  track. 
There  was  no  difficulty  and  little  danger  in 
traveling  it  except  such  as  arose  from  deficient 
preparation  before  starting  or  poor  judgment 
in  traveling.  All  that  was  to  be  done  was  to 
travel  steadily  onward,  day  after  day,  quietly 
and  persistently  moving  forward  as  the  patient 
ox  swings  slowly  onward,  and  in  due  time  the 
goal  would  surely  be  reached.  But  such  pa- 
tience and  endurance  of  effort  are  not  common 
virtues.  To  face  a  horizon  that  never  comes 
nearer,  to  push  into  space  that  never  seems  to  get 
shorter,  to  lift  at  a  burden  that  never  grows 
lighter,  are  the  severest  tests  of  the  strongest 
natures.  So  it  was  not  wonderful  that  many  of 
the  weary  and  foot-sore  immigrants  became  rest- 


less of  their  seemingly  endless  travel,  and  felt 
inclined  to  listen  to  any  one  who  came  with 
the  promise  of  a  shorter  road  and  speedier  ar- 
rival at  the  goal  of  their  desires. 

Tills  year  this  was  painfully,  almost  tragically 
illustrated.  When  the  immigi-ants  readied 
Fort  Boise  Stephen  H.  Meek,  a  man  who  had 
been  a  "  free-trapper  "  in  the  mountains,  and  for 
some  years  employed  by  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  as  such,  and  who  had  served  as  a  guide 
to  some  small  companies  in  1842,  offered  to 
show  them  a  shorter  and  more  eligible  route 
over  the  mountains,  and  one  by  which  wagons 
could  be  taken  into  the  Willamette  valley  with- 
out the  costly  and  troublesome  transportation 
by  water  from  The  Dalles.  The  route  he  pro- 
posed to  travel,  leading  through  southeastern 
Oregon,  and  into  the  Umpqua  valley  far  .=outh 
of  the  head  of  the  Willamette  river,  ho  had 
never  traveled  himself,  but  the  country  through 
which  it  passed  was  known  to  be  open  and  far 
less  mountainous  than  the  country  farther  to 
the  north.  Quite  a  number  were  pursuaded  to 
follow  his  lead.  These  left  the  old  and  traveled 
road  at  the  mouth  of  the  Malheur  river,  near 
Fort  Boise,  and  turned  southward  up  the  valley 
of  that  stream,  while  the  larger  portion  kept 
steadily  onward  in  the  beaten  road,  and  in  good 
time  reached  the  end  of  their  journey.  The 
company  that  followed  Mr.  Meek  soon  became 
convinced  that  he  himself  was  traveling  by 
guess  instead  of  knowledge.  Of  course  they 
were  in  a  panic  at  once.  Mr.  Meek  became 
alarmed  and  deserted  the  people  he  had  led 
astray  and  fled  to  save  his  life,  as  many  had 
threatened  to  kill  him  on  sight.  The  company 
undertook  to  return  to  the  old  road  by  turning 
to  the  north  and  traveling  down  the  valleys  of 
John  Day  and  Des  Chutes  rivers,  and  at  last; 
after  the  most  exhausting  efforts,  and  the  great- 
est sufferings  from  hunger  and  thirst,  reached 
the  Columbia  at  The  Dalles,  and  were  thus  res- 
cued from  their  vei"y  perilous  condition. 

This  diversion  of  a  portion  of  the  immigrants 
from  the  old  line  of  travel,  and  the  sufferings 
they  endured    in  consequence,  has   caused  con- 


116 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


siderable  very  acrimonious  discussion,  seriously 
involving  the  motives  of  those  who  persuaded 
them  into  what  proved  such  disastrous  action. 
Still  such  discussion  has  failed  to  demonstrate 
that  there  was  any  specially  wrong  motive  in 
them,  but  that  they  acted  without  any  very  ac- 
curate knowledge  of  the  country  to  be  traversed 
and  consequently  not  with  good  Judgment,  and 
thus  betrayed  those  who  trusted  their  advice  into 
a  very  costly  and  dangerous  experiment.  Many 
thrilling  accounts  of  cases  of  individual  suffer- 
ing and  hardship  and  loss  on  the  treeless  and 
waterless  wastes  of  the  Klamath  and  Humboldt 
regions  have  been  published,  but  it  would  serve 
no  important  purpose  to  transfer  them  to  these 
pages.  Certainly  we  cannot  subscribe  to  the 
charge  made  by  some  writers  that  these  parties 
were  led  astray  under  the  inspiration  and  advice 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  destroying  them.  Had  such  ever  been 
the  methods  of  the  heads  of  that  company  in 
tlieir  dealings  with  the  American  immigrants, 
certainly  they  could  not  but  see  that  the  de- 
struction of  a  comparatively  small  portion  of  an 
immigration  would  have  no  other  effect  on  the 
tinal  settlement  of  the  "  Oregon  question  "  than 
to  hasten  and  make  it  more  absolute  against 
themselves.  But  such  never  was  their  method, 
as  impartial  liistory  must  determine. 

Like  the  emigration  of  1845,  that  of  1846 
was  divided  into  small  companies,  whicii  reached 
the  country  at  various  times  and  by  different 
routes,  so  that  no  record  of  names  was  kept. 
When  it  left  the  Missouri  river  it  consisted  of 
2,000  souls.  However,  by  this  time  California 
was  beginning  to  divide  with  Oregon  the  at- 
tention of  intending  emigrants,  and  on  reach- 
ing Fort  Hall  about  one-half  took  the  southern 
route  down  the  Humboldt  river  and  across  the 
Sierra  Nevadas  into  the  Sacramento  valley. 
The  greater  portion  of  those  destined  for  the 
Willamette  valley  pursued  the  old  route  down 
Snake  river,  and  reached  Oregon  City,  then  the 
goal  of  the  journey,  in  good  time,  and  without 
unusual  incidents.  However,  about  150  people, 
with  forty-two  wagons,  were   induced,  at  Fort 


Hall,  to  undertake  a  new  route  in  the  same 
general  direction  as  tlie  disastrous  one  selected 
by  Meek  the  year  before,  and  despite  the  un- 
fortunate outcome  of  that  venture.  The  mis- 
adventure this  year  was  induced  by  the  presence 
at  Fort  Hall,  on  the  arrival  of  tjie  trains,  of  a 
number  of  men  from  among  the  most  reputable 
and  iniluential  citizens  of  Oregon,  mainly  resid- 
ing toward  the  southeim  end  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  who  claimed  to  have  looked  out  a  road 
from  the  point  where  they  met  the  emigrants  to 
that  valley  by  the  way  of  the  Humboldt,  Klam- 
ath lake.  Rogue  river  and  Umpqua  valleys, 
much  more  feasible  tiian  the  old  one  by  the 
valley  of  Snake  river.  These  men  had  actually 
passed  over  the  route  they  outlined  to  the  emi- 
grants on  their  way  out;  but,  being  on  horse- 
back, and  traveling  without  any  incumbrances, 
it  probably  seemed  much  shorter  to  them  than 
it  really  was,  and  certainly  much  shorter  than  it 
proved  to  the  worn  and  weary  emigrants,  im- 
peded in  their  travels  by  wagons  and  all  the 
incumbrances  of  camp  life.  It  certainly  cannot 
be  supposed  that  such  men  as  those  who  led  the 
party  that  surveyed  the  new  route  could  have 
had  any  sinister  or  selfish  motives  in  leading 
these  families  into  the  terrible  straits  through 
which  they  were  compelled  to  pass.  Still  it 
cannot  be  possible  for  the  historian  to  relieve 
these  gentlemen  from  all  blame,  as  they  were 
all  acquainted  with  the  peculiar  difficulties  of 
emigrant  travel,  having  themselves  crossed  the 
continent  but  a  year  or  two  before  as  emigrants, 
and  knew  that  water  and  grass  were  prime  con- 
ditions of  safety  with  ox  teams,  and  where  these 
could  not  be  found  in  abundance  there  could  be 
no  excuse  for  venturing,  unless  the  necessity 
was  absolute.  From  fifteen  to  twenty  miles 
was  an  average  full  day's  journey  with  oxen  on 
the  emigrant  roads,  and  there  were  stretches  of 
grassless  and  waterless  desert  of  from  twenty  to 
fifty  miles  in  width,  over  which  they  attempted 
to  lead  the  forlorn  party  that  had  intrusted  itself 
to  their  guidance.  Of  course  there  was  much 
suffering.  Many  teams  perished.  Men,  women 
and  children  were  compelled  to  go  on  foot  over 


UISTORY     OF     WASHINGTON. 


burning  sands  and  cinereous  rocks,  to  climb 
timbered  summits  and  ford  the  roaring  torrents 
of  the  mountains.  The  consuming  thirst  of  the 
deserts  of  the  sterile  interior  was  at  last  relieved, 
it  is  true,  by  the  springs  and  streams  of  tlie 
Sierras,  but  then  gaunt  hunger  paralleled  their 
earlier  thirst.  At  last,  however,  man  by  man, 
or  family  by  family,  the  worn  and  strengthless 
emigrants  straggled  down  from  the  Siskiuas 
into  the  Rogue  river  valley,  or  emerged  from 
the  Utnpqua  caiion  into  Umpqua  valley,  almost 
without  cattle,  or  wagon,  or  clothing,  welcomed 
to  the  end  of  their  sad  pilgrimage  only  by  the 
chills  of  an  Oregon  midwinter.  Taken  all  in 
all  this  was  the  most  deeply  shadowed  page  in 
the  history  of  our  immigration,  and  has  left  a 
heritage  of  more  acrimonious  and  bitter  discus- 
sions and  heart  burnings  to  the  historian. 

But,  sad  as  is  this  record,  it  is  a  bright  one 
compared  with  the  fate  of  a  large  party  known 
as  the  "Donner  party,"  that  separated  from  the 
Oregon  immigrants  on  Humboldt  river,  and 
attempted  to  scale  the  winter-clad  Sierras  into 
the  Sacramento  valley.  These  became  entangled 
in  the  labyrinths  of  the  mountains,  were  over- 
taken and  overwhelmed  by  snow-storms,  and, 
unable  to  proceed  or  return,  many  perished 
miserably  by  starvation,  and  the  remainder 
were  rescued  more  dead  than  alive  by  the  cour- 
age and  energy  of  a  party  from  Sacramento 
valley.  The  place  of  the  occurrence  of  this 
sad  event  bears  the  name  of  "Donner  lake," 
which  will  forever  monument  this  tragic  climax 
in  the  history  of  the  emigration  of  184(3  to 
the  Facitic  coast. 

The  immigrants  of  this  year  also  signalized 
their  courage  and  determination  by  an  attempt 
to  open  the  first  wagon  road  into  the  Willamette 
valley  across  the  Cascade  mountains.  Very 
seldom,  indeed,  in  the  history  of  exploration  or 
adventure  has  a  braver  and  more  resolute  deed 
been  done.  We  hazard  nothing  in  saying  that 
in  all  the  distance  between  the  Missouri  river 
and  the  Cascades  there  is  no  stretch  of  100 
miles  that  presented  to  the  primitive  engineer- 
ing of  the  emigrants  anything  like  the  difficul- 


ties of  the  100  miles  between  the  open  country 
east  and  the  Willamette  valley  west  of  the 
Cascade  mountains. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  rugged  and  lofty 
ranges  of  the  continent,  and,  unlike  the  Eocky 
mountains,  it  is  everywhere  most  densely  tim- 
bered. It  is  cut  and  gashed  by  fearful  chasms 
worn  down  by  the  waters  that  break  from  be- 
neath the  glaciers  of  Mount  Hood  and  kindred 
peaks  thousands  of  feet  into  the  volcanic  debris 
of  untold  ages.  The  average  altitude  of  the 
wide,  swampy  summit  of  the  range  is  not  far 
from  10,000  feet.  From  foot  to  summit  and 
from  summit  to  foot  again  the  whole  surface  of 
the  earth  is  covered  with  the  largest  and  loftiest 
firs,  cedars,  pines,  tamarack  and  larch,  and  its 
undergrowth  is  an  impenetrable  forest  of  alder, 
vine  maple,  laurel,  dogwood,  hemlock  and  un- 
named varieties  of  rough  and  gnarled  and  inter- 
laced shrubs  and  ferns  and  brush.  The  ax, 
wielded  by  a  strong  arm,  must  cut  a  way  into, 
through  and  out  of  this  indescribable  wilder- 
ness, or  it  cannot  be  passed. 

Up  to  the  autumn  of  1846  all  the  wagons 
taken  to  Western  Oregon  were  conveyed  not 
far  from  100  miles  down  the  Columbia  from 
The  Ualles  into  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette 
and  up  that  stream  a  few  miles  on  rafts  or  in 
Hudson's  Bay  batteaux.  To  add  to  the  diffi- 
culty a  portage  of  three  miles  had  to  be  made 
at  the  Cascades,  and  the  wagons  were  taken 
piece  by  piece  across  it  and  reshipped  again 
below.  This  100  miles  was  the  most  perilous 
and  difficult  part  of  the  journey  to  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  and  came  to  the  emigrants  when 
they  were  wearied  and  enfeebled  by  months  of 
constant  toil  and  care. 

To  relieve  subsequent  emigrants  of  this  diffi- 
culty a  few  gentlemen  of  this  siimmer's  com- 
pany resolved  to  attempt  crossing  the  mount- 
ains with  their  teams  and  wagdus.  At  the 
head  of  this  company  were  Mr.  Samuel  K.  Bar- 
low and  Mr.  W.  H.  Rector.  Turning  south- 
ward from  The  Dalles  along  the  eastern  base  of 
the  range,  they  sought  a  promising  place  to 
enter  it  to  the  south  of   Mount  Hood.     After 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


about  forty  miles  travel  over  a  very  rough  and 
hilly,  though  untimbered  region,  tliey  turned 
westward  up  a  gentle  slope  that  appeared  to 
lead  south  of  the  great  snowy  cone  of  Mount 
flood,  and  began  to  cut  their  way  into  tlie 
dense  forest.  Some  explored  the  route  in  ad- 
vance and  blazed  their  way,  others  cut  out 
obstructions  and  worked  grades  down  and  up 
the  impassable  precipices,  and  others  drove  the 
teams  and  cared  for  the  families.  Progress  was 
very  slow.  It  was  late  in  autumn.  The  rains 
and  snows  beat  upon  them  in  the  deep  ravines 
and  on  the  stormy  heights.  But  they  were 
resolute  men,  and  resolved  to  push  onward  at 
every  peril.  After  much  effort  they  conducted 
their  wagons  about  twenty  miles  into  the 
wilderness,  when  the  snow  became  so  deep  that 
to  go  forward  or  to  go  back  was  alike  impos- 
sible. And  besides  they  were  not  the  men  to 
go  back  even  if  they  could.  Nothing  remained 
for  them  but  to  build  cabins  in  which  to  hou.=e 
their  families  for  the  long  winter,  which  was 
fully  upon  them,  and  provide  as  best  tliey  could 
against  starvation.  This  they  did  in  the  deep 
gorge  of  White  river,  a  few  miles  below  where 
its  waters  flow  from  beneath  the  glaciers  of 
Mount  Hood.  A  wilder  place  can  hardly  be 
imagined.  On  either  hand  the  great  mountain 
sides  were  covered  with  giant  firs,  with  close 
around  a  dense  black  pine  forest.  The  little 
river,  whose  dashing  waters,  whitened  by  the 
volcanic  ashes  washed  down  from  the  great 
mountain  cone,  rushed  stormily  by.  Lone, 
desolate  winter  covered  all. 

Tile  only  possible  supply  of  food  these  win- 
ter-imprisoned men,  women  and  children  had 
for  the  months  before  them  was  their  emigrant 
oxen,  worn  and  poor  from  the  long  summer's 
journey  from  the  Missouri  river.  These  they 
slaughtered  and  dressed,  covered  their  carcasses 
with  the  snow  which  was  sure  to  remain  until 
May,  and  resigned  themselves  to  the  awful  task 
of  keeping  alive  for  the  long  -winter.  To  live 
just  for  the  purpose  of  living  is  the  hardest 
task  a  human  being  ever  performed.  This  was 
all  there  was  for  them   to  do.     So  they  waited 


and  ate  their  scant  rations  of  poor  beef,  drank 
water  from  tlie  river  or  from  melted  snow,  cut 
fire-wood  from  the  pines  about  them,  and  wore 
away  the  weary  months. 

When  the  winter  snows  were  ten  or  lifteen 
feet  deep  on  the  mountains,  two  or  three  of  the 
men  undertook  to  scale  them  on  snow-shoes  and 
reach  the  Willamette  valley,  and  there  procure 
help  to  work  their  way  backward  with  supplies 
before  those  left  behind  had  perished  from  star- 
vation. The  distance  to  Oregon  City  was  not 
less  than  sevent^'-tive  miles,  and  fifty  of  that 
was  untracked  mountains.  With  a  little  beef 
wrapped  up  in  a  blanket  on  the  back  of  each 
they  left  the  lone  cabins  and  their  lonelier  in- 
mates and  started  on  their  journey,  hoping,  yet 
only  half  expecting,  to  succeed.  Rector  was  a 
remarkably  strong,  compact  and  sinewy  man, 
Barlow  was  of  slighter  and  sparer  build,  and 
less  able  to  endure  fatigue;  and  the  stress  of  the 
long  journey  had  already  weakened  him.  He 
came  near  fainting,  and  one  day  when  he  felt  he 
must  succumb  to  his  troubles  and  die  he  said  to 
Eector,  "  What  would  you  do  with  me  if  I 
should  die  here?"  "  Roast  and  eat  you,"  growled 
the  stronger  Rector.  Barlow  burst  into  feeble 
teirs.  "  Come,  come,"  said  the  really  kind- 
hearted  Rector,  "you  are  not  going  to  die:  rouse 
up,  be  a  man  and  come  on."  He  cheered  and 
helped  him,  and  these  resolute  "  pathfinders" 
toiled  on  over  the  snowy  waste  of  mountains  for 
many  weary  days  before  they  descended  from 
their  western  slopes  and  entered  the  Willamette 
valley.  Such  men,  rather  than  those  who  trav- 
eled in  their  wake  under  Government  commis- 
sions, and  with  all  the  abundance  and  comforts 
of  Government  equipments,  were  the  true  path- 
finders of  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the  Pacific 
coast. 

On  reaching  Oregon  City,  Rector  and  Barlow 
obtained  supplies  for  their  families  yet  impi-is- 
oned  in  the  snowy  gorge  of  White  river,  and  re- 
turned for  their  rescue.  After  the  winter  snows 
had  gone  they  yoked  up  the  oxen  which  they  had 
brought  back  with  tliem,  and  again  began  their 
slow  and  tiresome  movement  westward.     Their 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


winter's  camp  was  some  miles  east  of  the  sum- 
mit of  tlie  range,  and  up  the  steep  ascent  tlirough 
one  of  the  stateliest  and  darkest  forests  that 
stands  on  the  earth  they  cut  their  toilsome  way. 
Then  after  the  summit  was  passed  they  floun- 
dered tlirongh  a  terrible  cedar  morass  that 
covers  the  summit  plateau  for  miles,  when  they 
reached  a  western  crest  that  stood  sheer  above 
the  valley  of  a  mountain  river,  whose  upper  wa- 
ters cleave  the  southwestern  glaciers  of  Mount 
Hood.  Into  the  fearful  gorge  into  which  it  runs 
they  dropped,  rather  than  traveled,  over  the 
face  of  Laurel  Hill,  probably  the  most  tremen- 
dous descent  down  which  wagons  ever  rolled. 
And  so  they  toiled  on,  day  after  day,  week  after 
week,  until  the  last  mountain  was  crossd,  the 
last  forest  passed,  and  the  brave  remnant  of  the 
emigration  of  1846  entered  Oregon  at  full  mid- 
summer of  1847. 

Quite  a  number  of  gentlemen,  who  in  various 
departments  of  civil  life  became  prominently 
associated  with  the  progress  of  the  country,  at- 
tended this  immigration.  Among  them  was  Mr. 
J.  Qninn  Thornton,  a  man  of  decided  ability 
and  line  acquirements,  who  became  Chief  Jus- 
tice under  the  provisional  government. '  Unfor- 
tunately no  roster  of  this  immigration  was  ever 
kept,  and  hence  our  personal  notices  of  those  in 
it  must  be  omitted. 

We  have  now  reached  a  period  in  the  history 
of  the  immigrations  into  Oregon  from  which  it 
becomes  more  and  more  difficult  to  trace  any 
one  of  them  in  anything  like  a  separate  story. 
Still  a  few  sentences  must  be  given  to  that  of 
1847,  as  that  was  the  last  one  that  left  the  fron- 
tiers of  Missouri  for  the  farthest  West,  that 
serves  to  present  much  of  an  individual  history. 
Those  coming  subsequently  started  on  their 
journey  over  the  now  well-worn  emigrant  road 
in  small  companies,  at  different  times,  traveled 
at  their  individual  convenience,  and  when  they 
reached  the  end  of  iheir  journey  melted  away 
into  the  mass  of  the  people  almost  impercep- 
tibly, as  streamlets  from  the  hills  blend  into  the 
currents  of  widening  rivers  toward  the  sea. 
The  immigration  of    1847  was  about  4,000. 


California  had  begun  to  allure  many  toward  her 
newly  opened  and  sunny  plains,  and  probably 
as  many  of  those  who  started  from  the  Missouri 
river  for  the  West  turned  thitherward  into  the 
vallty  of  Snake  river  as  crossed  the  Blue  and 
Cascade  mountains  into  Oregon.  But,  in  many 
respects,  both  as  to  men  and  things,  it  was  one 
of  the  most  marked  and  important  of  all  the 
emigrations.  Its  members  brought  more  prop- 
erty, more  of  those  things  necessary  to  make  a 
home-like  civilization  than  any  that  had  pre- 
ceded it.  Bands  of  fine  cattle,  including  pure 
Durham  stock,  and  of  the  best  breeds  of  horses, 
as  well  as  fine  bands  of  sheep,  were  driven  from 
the  Western  States.  A  stock  of  merchandise 
was  brought  by  Thomas  and  William  Cox,  and 
a  store  opened  by  them  at  Salem,  the  now  capi- 
tal of  the  State.  Apple  seeds,  peach  seeds  and 
many  other  seeds  of  plants  of  which  the 
country  had  been  destitute  before  were  brought. 
But  that  which  attracted  most  attention,  and 
was  really  of  most  importance,  was  what  was 
called  the  "  Traveling  Nursery"  brought  by  Mr. 
Henderson  Lneling.  He  constructed  bo.xes 
about  one  feet  deep  and  just  long  enough  to  fill 
his  wagon  bed,  filling  them  with  a  compost  of 
earth  and  charcoal,  in  which  lie  planted  about 
700  trees  and  shrubs,  of  the  best  improved  va- 
rieties, from  tiventy  inches  to  four  feet  high. 
This  wonderful  "  nursery"  thus  transplanted 
2,000  miles  was  tlie  parent  stock  of  those  mag- 
nificent varieties  of  apples,  pears,  plums,  cher- 
ries, peaches,  and  other  fruits  that  have  given  the 
Pacific  coast  a  name  and  fame  as  the  finest 
fruit  country  on  the  continent. 

The  immigration  of  1847  contained  quite  a 
number  of  gentlemen  who  became  quite  promi- 
nent in  the  industrial  and  political  history  of 
the  coast.  Among  these  was  the  Hon.  Samuel 
H.  Thurston,  who  became  the  first  delegate 
from  the  Territory  of  Oregon  to  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  of  whom  we  shall  speak 
more    at    length    in     the    appropriate     place. 

With  this  notice  of  the  immigration  of  1847 
we  close  our  notices  of  immigrations  as  separate 
from  the  general  course  of  Oregon  history. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 


PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT. 

A  New  Era — Summary  of  Arrivals  fob  Five  Years — Political  Tendencies  of  the  People — 
The  Questions  of  Government — "  Inalienable  Rights  "  versus  Foreign  Control — Petition 
to  Congress — Meeting  at  Champoeg  in  1841 — Death  of  Ewing  Young — Another  Meeting 
— Incidental  Circumstances — Dr.  Elijah  White,  Indian  Agent — Arrival  oe  the  Immi- 
gration of  1842 — Artificial  Antagonisms— Proposition  for  an  Independent  Government 
— Meeting  at  Willamette  Falls — Resolutions  of  Mr.  Abernethy — The  "Wolf  Meet- 
ing"— Plots  and  Counterplots — Canadian  Citizens'  Address — Meeting  in  Mat — A  Close 
Division — Canadians  Withdraw — Provision  foe  Government — Fourth-gf-Jult  Celebra- 
tion— Report  of  Legislative  Committee — "Organic  Laws'* — Officers  Chosen — First 
Election — George  Abernethy  Elected  Governor— Form  of  Oath  of  Office — -First  Legis- 
lature— Documents  to  Congress — Dr.  White — Result  of  the  Memorials — Characteris- 
tics of  Governor  Abernethy — Second  Election — Abernethy  Re-elected — Territorial 
Government  Organized. 


\l  \\  ^^  Iiave  now  reached  a  period  in  our  his- 
\lrv//  ^'^^y  when  Oregon  began  to  assume 
■1  ■1  the  form  of  a  political  coinmonwealth. 
Heretofore  its  history  was  mainly  that  of  the 
aboriginal  tribes,  the  various  fur  companies  that 
operated  within  its  boundary,  of  the  missionary 
establishments  that  had  been  founded  among 
the  Indian  tribes,  and  of  individual  action  and 
adventure.  That  part  of  the  story  that  relates 
to  the  presence  and  action  of  white  men  wlio 
had  any  civilized  or  civilizing  object  in  their 
presence  in  the  country  covers  but  a  single  dec- 
ade. This  was  the  era  of  the  missionary  or- 
ganizations, and  the  period  when  tiie  results  of 
their  presence  were  crystallizing  into  social  con- 
ditions that  called  for  civil  and  political  order. 
The  dreamy  story  of  the  Indian  tribes  simply 
changed  into  the  story  of  fur  traffic,  scarcely 
less  dreamy,  and  hardly  more  a  civilization  than 
tlie  other.  How  little  there  was  of  anything 
that  had  the  fragrance  of  civilization  rather  than 
that  of  the  wigwam  about  it  up  to  the  close  of 
1840,  will  be  seen  by  the  following  summary  of 
the  arrivals  in  the  country  up  to  that  time.  In 
1834,  the  four  gentlemen  of  the  Methodist  mis- 
sion and   six  other  men.     In  1835  there  were 


none.  In  183G,  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  and  four 
other  missionaries  of  the  American  Board.  In 
1837,  sixteen  additional  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist mission  and  three  settlers.  In  1838,  eight 
persons  reinforced  the  missions  of  the  American 
Board  and  three  white  men  from  the  Rocky 
mountains  came  into  the  country.  This  year 
also  two  Jesuit  priests,  F.  N.  Blanchet  and 
A.  Demers,  arrived.  In  1839,  four  independ- 
ent Protestant  missionaries  and  eight  settlers. 
In  1840  a  reinforcement  of  thirty-oue  adults 
and  fifteen  children  came  to  the  Methodist  mis- 
sion, and  four  independent  Protestant  mission- 
aries. P.  G.  De  Smet,  Jesuit  missionary,  and 
thirteen  or  fourteen  settlers,  mostly  Rocky 
mountain  men  with  Indian  wives,  arrived, — 
making  in  all  eighty-five  connected  with  the 
three  mission  establishments,  and  twenty-eight 
settlers;  a  total  of  118  at  the  opening  of  1840. 
Besides  these  were  a  small  number  of  the  super- 
annuated employes  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany located  at  various  points,  and  yet  holding 
legal  as  well  as  social  relation  to  that  body.  In 
the  classification  of  population  thus  presented 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  one  predominating  in- 
fluence in  the  country  up  to  the  close  of  1840 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIJyOTON. 


was  necessarily  tliat  of  the  Protestant  mission- 
aries. Civilly  and  politically  there  were  two 
sentiments:  one  American  and  the  other  British. 
The  Protestant  missionaries  uniformly  repre- 
sented the  American  sentiment  in  the  country, 
and  the  servants  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
and  the  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  mis- 
sions could  always  he  relied  upon  to  further  the 
cause  of  British  possession  of  Oregon.  So  far 
as  we  have  been  able  to  trace  the  lines  of  in- 
fluence and  action  in  connection  with  these  dif- 
ferent missionary  establishments,  there  was  not 
even  an  individual  exception  to  this  statement. 
If  at  this  time  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to 
Oregon  was  receiving  any  help  at  all,  it  was  by 
the  unanimous  action  of  the  Protestant  mission- 
aries, while  the  jnst  as  unanimous  action  of  the 
iionnan  Catholic  missions  aided  and  abetted  the 
pretensions  of  Great  Britain.  By  the  relations 
of  missionaries  to  patronizing  societies,  as  well 
as  the  individual  nativity  and  training  of  the 
men  constituting  them,  this  was  inevitable. 
The  Protestant  missionaries  were  mainly  from 
New  England  and  New  York,  all  Americans  by 
birth,  by  education,  and  by  civic  and  political 
afBliations.  The  Roman  Catholic  missionaries 
were  all  of  foreign  birth,  educated  and  trained 
under  governments  opposed  to  republicanism 
and  under  an  ecclesiastical  system  that  cultured 
all  their  convictions  away  from  it.  Their  social 
relations  were  with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
and  they  gave  that  company  and  its  pretensions 
the  most  thorough  support.  Thus,  at  the  close 
of  1840,  it  happened  that  the  forces  in  array 
against  each  other  for  the  ultimate  possession  of 
the  country  were,  on  the  one  side  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  and  the  Roman  Catholic  missions, 
on  the  other  side  the  Protestant  missions  and  the 
small  number  of  Americans  who  had  rolled  down 
from  the  mountains  or  floated  up  from  the  sea 
and  made  Oregon  at  least  a  temporary  home. 

The  first  question  that  fairly  and  clearly  drew 
the  lines  of  demarkation  between  these  forces 
was  that  of  government.  The  British  party, 
consisting  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  people  and  the 
Catholic  missionaries,  naturally    desired   to  re- 


main as  they  were,  since  all  pretended  authority 
of  law  was  that  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
which  had  been,  in  pretense  at  least,  extended 
over  all  the  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains. Just  as  naturally  the  American  party, 
consisting  of  the  Protestant  missionaries  and 
American  settlers,  desired  some  forms  of  law 
according  to  the  American  idea  of  self  govern- 
ment. They  had  no  idea  of  submitting  them- 
selves to  the  authority  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  or  the  Canadian  Parliament.  An 
American  always  carries  his  "inalienable 
rights"  with  him,  and  on  all  proper,  and  per- 
haps on  some  improper,  occasions  is  prepared 
to  assert  and  defend  them.  Laws  or  constitu- 
tions enacted  for  him  in  a  foreign  parliament, 
or  by  a  foreign  corporation,  are  not  sacred  in  his 
eyes,  especially  when  it  is  attempted  to  enforce 
them  over  what  he  believes  to  be  American 
soil.  It  was  so  here;  i;nd  accordingly,  in  March, 
1838,  the  first  public  step  was  taken  looking 
toward  the  establishment  of  a  Territorial  gov- 
ernment over  the  country  claimed  by  the 
United  States  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 
This  was  in  the  form  of  a  inemoiial  to  Congress 
signed  by  J.  L.  Whitcoinb  and  thirty-five 
others,  which  was  presented  to  that  body  by 
Senator  Linn  January  28,  1838.  This  memo- 
rial was  read,  laid  on  the  table,  and  was  never 
taken  therefrom.  In  1838  the  subject  was 
again  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Govern- 
ment by  another  petition  to  Congress,  ably  con- 
ceived and  forcibly  written,  and  signed  by  Rev. 
David  Leslie,  of  the  Methodist  mission,  and 
abont  seventy  others.  The  petition  set  forth 
very  clearly  the  condition  and  needs  of  the 
country  as  seen  by  those  upon  the  ground,  and 
is  of  such  importance  historically,  and  exerted 
so  much  influence  upon  the  action  of  Congress, 
and  also  npon  the  feelings  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  toward  the  American  settlers,  that 
its  full  text  is  here  inserted.      It  is   as    follows: 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  Assembled: 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


Your  petitioners  represent  unto  your  honor- 
able bodies  that  they  are  residents  in  the  Ore- 
gon Territory,  and  citizens  of  tlie  United  States, 
or  persons  desirous  of  becoming  such. 

They  further  represent  to  your  honorable 
bodies  that  they  have  settled  themselves  in 
said  Territory  under  the  belief  that  it  was  a  por- 
tion of  the  public  domain  of  said  States  and 
that  they  m\^]ii  rely  upon  the  Government 
thereof  for  the  blessings  of  free  institutions, 
and  the  protection  of  its  arms. 

But  your  petitioners  further  represent,  that 
they  are  uninformed  of  any  acts  of  said  Govern- 
ment by  -which  its  institUL'ions  and  protection 
are  extended  to  them;  in  consequence  whereof 
themselves  and  families  are  exposed  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  the  savages  around  them,  and  others 
tJiat  would  do  them  harm. 

And  your  petitioners  would  further  represent 
that  they  have  no  means  of  protecting  their 
own  lives  and  the  lives  of  their  families,  other 
than  self-constituted  tribunals,  originated  and 
sustained  by  the  power  of  an  ill-instructed 
public  opinion,  and  the  resort  to  force  and 
arms. 

And  your  petitioners  represent  these  means  of 
safety  to  be  an  insufficient  safe-guard  of  life 
and  property,  and  that  the  crimes  of  theft, 
murder,  infanticide,  etc.,  are  increasing  among 
them  to  an  alarming  extent,  and  your  petition- 
ers declare  themselves  unable  to  arrest  this 
progress  of  crime  and  its  terrible  consequences 
without  the  aid  of  law,  and  tribunals  to  ad- 
minister it. 

Your  petitioners  therefore  pray  the  Congress 
of  tlie  United  States  of  America  to  establish,  as 
soon  as  may  be,  a  Territorial  government  in  the 
Oregon  territory. 

And  if  reasons  other  than  those  presented  were 
needed  to  induce  your  honorable  bodies  to  grant 
the  prayer  of  the  undersigned,  your  petitioners, 
they  would  be  found  in  the  value  of  tliis  terri- 
tory to  the  nation,  and  the  alarming  circum- 
stances that  portend  its  loss. 

Your  petitioners,  in  view  of  these  last  consid- 
erations, would  represent  that  the  English  Gov- 


ernment has  had  a  surveying  party  on  the  Ore- 
gon coast  for  two  years,  employed  in  making 
accurate  surveys  of  all  its  rivers,  bays  and  har- 
bors, and  that  recently  the  said  government  is 
said  to  have  made  a  grant  to  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  of  all  lands  lying  between  the  Colum- 
bia river  and  Pnget  sound,  and  that  the  said 
company  is  actually  exercising  unequivocal  acts 
of  ownership  over  said  lands  thus  granted,  and 
opening  extensive  farms  upon  the  same. 

And  your  petitioners  represent  that  these 
circumstances,  connected  with  other  acts  of  said 
company  to  the  same  effect,  and  their  declara- 
tion that  the  Engli-'ih  Government  owns  and  will 
hold,  as  its  own  soil,  that  portion  of  Oregon 
territory  situated  north  of  the  Columbia  river, 
together  with  the  important  fact  that  the  said 
company  are  cutting  and  sawing  into  lumber 
and  shipping  to  foreign  ports  vast  quantities  of 
the  finest  pine  trees  upon  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  Columbia,  have  led  your  petitioners  to  ap- 
prehend that  the  English  Government  do  intend, 
at  all  events,  to  hold  that  portion  of  this  terri- 
tory lying  north  of  the  Columbia  river. 

And  your  petitioners  represent  that  the  said 
territory  north  of  the  Columbia  is  an  invaluable 
possession  to  the  American  Union,  that  in  and 
about  Puget  Sound  are  the  only  harbors  of 
easy  access  and  commodious  and  safe  upon  the 
whole  coast  of  the  territory,  and  tliat  a  great 
part  of  this  said  northern  part  of  the  Oregon 
territory  is  rich  in  timber,  water  power  and  val- 
uable luinerals.  For  this  and  other  reasons 
your  petitioners  pray  that  Congress  will  estab- 
lish its  sovereignty  over  said  territory. 

Your  petitioners  would  further  represent  that 
the  country  south  of  the  Columbia  river  and 
north  of  the  Mexican  line  and  extending  from 
the  Pacific  ocean  120  miles  into  the  interior  is 
of  nneqnaled  beauty.  Its  mountains,  covered 
with  perpetual  snow,  pouring  into  the  prairies 
around  their  bases  transparent  streams  of  pur- 
est water,  the  white  and  black  oak,  pine,  cedar, 
and  fir  forests  that  divide  the  prairies  into  sec- 
tions convenient  for  farming  purposes,  the  rich 
mines  of  coal  in  its  hills,  and   salt  springs  in  its 


HISTORY    Oh'     WASniA'OTON. 


valleys,  its  quarries  of  limestone,  sandstone, 
chalk  and  marble,  the  salmon  of  its  ri%-ers,  and 
the  .various  blessings  of  the  delightful  and 
healthy  climate,  are  known  to  us  and  impress 
your  petitioners  with  the  belief  that  this  is  one 
of  the  most  favored  portions  of  the  globe. 

Indeed  the  deserts  of  the  interior  have  their 
wealth  of  pasturage,  and  their  lakes,  evaporat- 
ing in  summer,  leave  in  their  basins  hundreds 
of  bushels  of  the  purest  soda.  Many  other  cir- 
cumstances could  be  named  showing  the  im- 
portance of  this  territory  in  a  national,  com- 
mercial and  agricultural  point  of  view.  And 
although  your  petitioners  would  not  undervalue 
considerations  of  this  kind,  yet  they  beg  leave 
especially  to  call  the  attention  of  Congress  to 
their  own  conditions  as  an  infant  colony  with- 
out military  force  or  civil  institutions  to  pro- 
tect their  lives  and  property  and  children,  sanc- 
tuaries and  tombs  from  the  hands  of  uncivilized 
and  merciless  savages  around  them.  AVe  re- 
spectfully ask  for  tlie  civil  institutions  of  the 
American  republic.  We  pray  for  the  high 
privilege  of  American  citizenship,  the  peaceful 
enjoyment  of  life,  the  right  of  acquirincr, possess- 
ing and  using  property,  and  the  unrestrained 
pursuit  of  rational  happiness.  And  this  your 
petitioners  will  ever  pray. 

David  Leslie, 
and  about  seventy  others. 

It  is  ditlicult  to  fix  the  exact  personal  author- 
ship of  this  remarkable  document.  Its  honor 
appears  to  be  somewhat  divided  between  David 
Leslie,  at  that  time  ^ro  tern  superintendent  of 
the  Methodist  mission  in  the  absence  of  Jason 
Lee,  then  on  his  return  from  the  States  by  sea 
to  Oregon  at  the  head  of  what  is  known  in  the 
history  of  the  mission  as  the  "great  re-enforce- 
ments," and  Mr.  Robert  Shortess,  an  immi- 
grant of  the  same  year  in  which  the  petition 
was  written.  It  is  probal)le  that  both  had  to 
do  with  its  preparation.  At  all  events  it  re- 
fleets  honor  upon  the  small  American  colony, 
not  then  reaching  100  persons  in  all,  and  shows 
how  clearly  and    fully    from    the  beginning  our 


people  comprehended  tiie  issues  pending  be- 
tween their  own  country  and  Great  Britain,  and 
how  thoroughly  American  were  their  sympa- 
thies and  purposes. 

There  is  one  phrase  in  the  petition,  given  in 
italics,  which  was  understood  by  all  to  refer  to 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  shows  with 
what  jealousy  that  company  was  watched  by 
the  American.  Doubtless  the  phrase  had  its 
justification,  and  was  not  intended  to  convey 
the  sense  of  extreme  enmity  by  that  company 
against  tha  Americans  that  some  writers  have 
supposed.  At  all  events,  while  the  company 
was  faithful  to  itself,  there  is  no  evidence  that 
it  did  intentionally  incite  its  own  people,  or  the 
Indian  tribes,  who  were  thoroughly  under  its 
control,  to  acts  of  violence  against  the  Ameri- 
cans. And  besides  the  humane  Dr.  McLough- 
lin  was  then  at  the  head  of  the  company,  and 
no  unprejudiced  man  who  ever  knew  him  could 
believe  him  capable  of  any  such  sinister  action. 

The  above  quoted  petition  had  gone  on  to 
Congress.  A  year  or  two  must  certainly  pass 
before  any  relief  could  come  from  it,  even  if 
any  ever  came.  Meantime  the  necessities  of 
the  people  in  Oregon,  or,  more  accurately,  in 
the  Willamette  valley,  where  all  the  American 
settlers  and  most  of  the  Protestant  missionaries 
resided,  were  growing  more  and  more  urgent. 
To  meet  them  a  meeting  of  some  of  the  inhab- 
itants was  held  at  Champoeg,  not  far  from  the 
Methodist  mission,  on  the  7th  of  February, 
1841,  for  consultation  on  the  steps  necessary  to 
be  taken  for  the  formation  of  laws  and  the 
election  of  oflScers  to  execute  them.  Rev.  Jasou 
Lee  was  called  to  the  chair  and  asked  to  express 
his  opinion  of  the  step  required.  He  advised 
the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  draft  a  con- 
stitution and  by-laws  for  the  government  of 
that  portion  of  the  country  south  of  the  Colum- 
bia river.  Nothing  of  moment  was  done  fur- 
ther at  this  meeting. 

A  few  days  later  an  event  occurred  which 
served  to  I'cvive  the  matter  in  a  new  and  more 
imperative  form.  Mr.  Ewing  Young,  a  gentle- 
man of  prominence  in   the  country  and  possess- 


HIbTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ing  a  considerable  estate,  suddenly  died.  He  left 
no  heirs  in  the  country,  and  no  one  had  any 
authority  to  care  for  or  administer  upon  his 
estate.  His  funeral  was  held  on  the  17th  of 
February,  at  which  most  of  the  people  of  the 
valley  were  present.  At  the  close  of  the  funeral 
services  a  nieeting  was  held,  over  which  Rev. 
Jason  Lee  presided,  when  it  was  resolved  to 
hold  another  the  next  day  at  the  Methodist 
mission.  Nearly  all  the  people  of  the  settle- 
ment were  present.  Kev.  David  Leslie  was 
chosen  to  preside,  and  Rev.  Gustavus  Hines  and 
Mr.  Sidney  Smith  were  secretaries.  A  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  draft  a  constitntion  and 
code  of  laws,  of  which  F.  F.  Blanchet,  after- 
ward Roman  Catholic  archbishop,  was  chair- 
man. After  much  discussion  it  was  finally 
decided  to  elect  a  person  to  serve  as  judge  with 
probate  powers,  and  Dr.  Ira  L.  Babcock  was 
chosen.  The  meeting  adjourned  to  meet  again 
on  Thursday,  June  11,  at  the  Catholic  mission. 
At  that  meeting  it  was  found  that  the  chairman 
of  t!ie  committee  appointed  at  the  previous 
meeting  to  draft  a  constitution  and  laws  had 
not  called  the  committee  together,  and  so  this 
meeting  adjourned  to  meet  on  the  first  Thurs- 
day in  October.  Before  that  time  arrived  the 
feeling  had  become  somewhat  prevalent  amung 
the  people  that  it  would  be  unwise  to  establish 
any  permanent  form  of  government  so  long  as 
the  peace  of  the  community  could  be  preserved 
without  it,  aud  consequently  the  meeting  was 
never  held.  Thus  ended  the  first  attempt  to 
establish  a  government  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains. 

Incidental  to,  and  having  no  little  influence 
upon,  the  final  action  of  the  people  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  provisional  government,  it  must 
be  mentioned  that  in  1842  Dr.  Elijah  White, 
who  had  formerly  held  the  position  of  physician 
to  the  Methodist  mission,  and  who  had  returned 
to  the  States  after  some  disagreement  with  its 
superintendent.  Rev.  Jason  Lee,  appeared  sud- 
denly in  the  country  holding  a  government 
commission  as  sub-agent  for  the  Indians  in  the 
region    west    of    the     Rocky    mountains.     He 


claimed  plenary  power  over  all  questions  be- 
tween the  settlers  and  the  Indians,  as  well  as  all 
civil  and  criminal  cases  that  might  arise  in  the 
country.  He  appointed  temporary  magistrates 
to  try  cases  that  might  occur  in  his  absence. 
The  people  received  him  joyfully,  their  thank- 
fulness at  any  proof  that  the  Government  had 
not  entirely  fcirgotten  their  necessities  probably 
disposing  them  to  a  too  generous  credence  of 
his  pretensions.  At  a  mreting  called  to  receive 
him  a  series  of  highly  complimentary  resolu- 
tions were  passed,  and  ordered  transmitted  to 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  order 
that  the  views  and  wishes  of  the  people  in  rela- 
tion to  this  country  might  be  made  known. 

The  course  of  Dr.  White  in  the  relation 
which  he  claimed  as  de  facto  governor  of  the 
colony,  provoked  violent  criticism,  us  well  as  re- 
ceived emphatic  defense.  While  it  would  an- 
swer no  valuable  purpose  to  trace  the  one  or  the 
other,  it  seems  needful  to  say  that  Dr.  White 
doubtless  claimed  much  more  authority  than 
the  Government  ever  designed  he  should  exer- 
cise. At  the  same  time  he  was  zealous  and 
active  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  visiting 
every  part  of  the  country  wherever  his  presence 
seemed  to  be  required,  and  contributed  in  many 
ways  to  the  quiet  of  the  Indian  tribes.  Still 
the  infirmities  of  his  disposition  and  temper 
were  such  that  he  could  not  retain  the  confi- 
dence of  masses  of  the  people  however  desirous 
he  might  be  of  doing  so.  His  letters  to  the 
Government  earnestly  urged  that  the  country 
might  be  taken  possession  of  by  the  United 
States,  and  the  laws  extended  over  it.  A  far 
more  fortunate  selection  for  Indian  agent  in 
Oregon  might  iiave  been  made:  at  the  same 
time  impartial  history  must  record  that  the 
presence  of  Dr.  White  as  such,  albeit  neither 
the  man  nor  his  work  was  ideal,  did  something 
to  prepare  the  country  for  the  rule  of  law  which 
was  now  soon  to  be  instated. 

The  arrival  of  the  immigration  of  184:2, 
bringing  as  it  did  a  great  increase  of  American 
settlers,  decidedly  influenced  the  sentiment  of 
the  country  in  favor  of  the  immediate  organiza. 


HI  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


125 


tion  of  a  government.  What  form  it  should 
take,  whether  it  should  be  entirely  independent 
of  both  nations  claiming  jurisdiction  over  the 
country,  or  provisional,  looking  to  an  ultimate 
supersedence  by  the  extension  of  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  or  Great  Britain  over  Oregon, 
became  subjects  of  warm  and  often  acrimonious 
debates.  That  this  should  lie  so  was  but  natural, 
as  it  was  not  easy  to  harmonize  the  sentiments 
of  those  who  yet  expected  the  supremacy  of 
England  on  the  Pacific  coast  with  those  who 
confidently  believed  that  the  United  States 
rightfully  owned  the  country.  And  besides 
there  were  those  who  fostered  an  artificial  an- 
tagonism between  the  Protestant  missionary 
settlements  and  the  distinctively  American 
population.  We  have  called  this  antagonism 
"artificial"  because  there  was  no  ground  for  it 
in  reality,  since  all  these  missionary  establish- 
ments were  intensely  American,  and  their  real 
views  could  not  but  be  in  harmony  with  the  in- 
terests of  Oregon's  Americanization.  Probably 
a  careful  analysis  of  the  causes  lying  liack  of 
this  particular  phase  of  the  questions  at  issue 
would  discover  that  tl)ey  were  largely  of  a  social 
nature,  and  came  out  of  tiie  fact  that  a  great 
preponderance  of  the  capacity  and  training  for 
pulilic  affairs  then  in  the  colony  was  found  among 
the  gentlemen  connected  vvitli  these  missions, 
and  it  was  but  natural  that,  in  emergencies  like 
the  present,  they  should  appear  more  conspicu- 
ously than  others.  Of  course,  in  addition  to 
these  divisions  of  sentiment,  there  was  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  element,  always  most  anxious  for 
that  which  would  most  subserve  the  plans  and 
purposes  of  the  hierai-chy  of  Rome.  It  were 
no  small  feat  to  so  far  harmonize  these  variant 
elements  as  to  secure  an  organization  at  all;  for 
there  would  needs  be  plots  and  counterplots, 
and  no  one  knew  where  the  majority  would 
stand  when  the  final  count  should  come. 

Dr.  John  McLoughlin  gave  the  great  weight 
of  his  name  to  the  plan  of  an  independent  gov- 
ernment; one  entirely  separated  from  either  the 
United  States  or  Great  Britain.  With  him,  as 
a  matter  of  couise,  went  the  men  of  the  Hud- 
8 


son's  Bay  Company,  now  settlers  south  of  the 
Columbia,  and  almost  as  much  a  matter  of 
course  the  Roman  Catholics.  This  presented  a 
formidable  combination,  one  that  it  proved  not 
easy  to  overcome. 

The  first  public  indication  of  the  result  oc- 
curred at  Willamette  Falls  (now  Oregon  City), 
then  the  chief  town  of  the  colony,  in  the  dis- 
cussion, in  a  public  lyceum,  of  a  resolution  in- 
troduced by  L.  W.  Hastings,  as  attorney  for  Dr. 
McLoughlin,  in  the  following  words: 

"  Eesolved,  That  it  is  expedient  for  the  set- 
tlers of  the  coast  to  organize  an  independent 
government." 

At  the  close  of  the  discussion  the  vote  was 
taken,  and  the  resolution  was  adopted.  At  this 
point  Mr.  George  Abernethy,  afterward  gov- 
ernor under  the  provisional  government, 
introduced  another  resolution  for  discussion 
the  following  week,  in   the  following  words: 

"  R,:«oh'eil,  That  if  the  United  States  extends 
its  jurisdiction  over  this  country  during  the  next 
four  years,  it  will  not  be  expedient  to  form  an 
independent  government." 

This  resolution  was  very  skillfully  drawn. 
Its  passage  would  do  two  things:  First,  tenta- 
tively pledge  the  people  against  an  "independ- 
ent" government;  and,  second,  clearly  express 
their  faith  in  the  ultimate  extension  of  the  laws 
of  the  American  Union  over  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  was  not  against  any  government  at  the  present 
time,  but  against  what  Avas  then  understood  as 
the  scheme  of  an  '•  independent  government;" 
that  is,  one  looking  to  its  own  perpetuation  as 
an  independent  power  among  the  governments 
of  the  world. 

At  the  close  of  an  earnest  debate  the  resolu- 
tion of  Mr.  Abernethy  was  adopted.  This  set 
at  rest  the  scheme  of  an  "  independent  govern- 
ment," but  it  left  the  question  of  the  formation 
of  a  provisional  government,  looking  to  its  own 
supersession  by  the  authority  of  the  United 
States  at  some  future  date  still  an  open  one. 
In  regard  to  this  the  discussion  went  on  with 
undiminished  interest. 

Meanwhile  some  of   the   leaiiinii'  men   of   the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


settlement  had  called  a  public  meeting  to  be 
held  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Gervais,  where 
tlie  town  of  Gervais  now  is,  on  the  first  Monday 
in  March,  to  consider  measures  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  herds  of  the  settlers  from  the  depre- 
dations of  wild  beasts.  This  was  a  subject  that 
appealed  to  all  strongly,  for  savage  beasts  were 
numerous  and  destructive.  The  attendance  was 
large,  for  it  had  become  bruited  about  that  some 
other  matter  of  importance  would  be  Ijrouglit 
forward  at  the  meeting.  This  gathering  was 
known  among  the  settlers  as  the  "  wolf  meet- 
ing." 

The  result  of  tliis  gatliering,  ovei-  which 
James  O'Neil  presided,  was  the  adoption  of  a 
series  of  resolutions  providing  for  the  payment 
of  bounties  for  the  destruction  of  predatory  ani- 
mals. After  this  was  done,  a  motion  was  made 
by  W.  H.  Gray  that  a  committee  of  twelve  per- 
sons be  appointed  to  take  into  consideration  tlie 
propriety  of  taking  measures  for  the  civil  and 
military  protection  of  the  colony.  This  was 
unanimously  adopted,  the  committee  was  elected 
and  the  "  wolf  meeting"  had  gone  into  history. 

Between  the  time  of  the  adjournment  of  this 
meeting  and  the  assembling  of  another  at  Cham- 
poeg  on  the  2d  day  of  May,  1843,  those  opposed 
to  the  organization  of  any  form  of  government 
were  not  idle.  These  were  notably  the  people 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  those  who 
called  themselves  "  the  Canadian  citizens  of 
Oregon."  They  held  public  meetings  at  Van- 
couver, at  Willamette  Falls,  and  at  the  Catholic 
Church  on  the  French  Prairie.  An  "  Address 
of  the  Canadian  citizens  of  Oregon  to  the  meet- 
ing at  Champoeg,"  prepared  by  the  Romish 
priest,  F.  N.  Blanchet,  was  circulated,  and  every 
inflnence  possible  from  these  quarters  were  ex- 
erted to  prevent  affirmative  action  at  the  meet- 
ing of  May  2. 

The  address  of  the  Canadian  citizens  of  Ore- 
gon, writtf^n  as  it  was  by  a  man  who,  though  a 
master  of  dialectics  in  one  tongue,  the  French, 
was  unable  to  intelligently  Anglicize  his  speech, 
is  a  unique  specimen  of  literary  work.  Still 
it  discovers  the  entire  nn-American  sentiments 


of  those  for  whom  it  was  penned  at  that  time, 
and  their  great  wish  to  hold  the  country  un- 
committed on  all  questions  that  might  have  an 
influence  in  finally  settling  the  dispute  for  pos- 
session of  Oregon  between  England  and  the 
United  States  in  favor  of  the  United  States.  A 
quotation  of  paragraphs  11  and  12  of  the  "  Ad- 
dress" will  disclose  these  facts.  Tliey  are  as 
follows: 

"  11.  That  we  consider  the  country  free  at 
present,  to  all  nations,  till  government  shall 
have  decided;  o])en  to  every  individual  wishing 
to  settle,  without  any  distinction  of  origin,  and 
without  asking  him  anything,  either  to  become 
an  English,  Spanish  or  American  citizen. 

"  12.  So  we,  English  subjects,  proclaim  to 
be  free,  as  well  as  those  who  came  from  France, 
California,  United  States,  or  even  natives  of  this 
country;  and  we  desire  unison  with  all  the  re- 
spectable citizens  who  wish  to  settle  in  this 
country;  or  we  ask  to  be  recognized  as  free 
among  ourselves  to  make  such  regulations  as 
appear  suitable  to  our  wants,  save  the  general 
interest  of  having  justice  from  all  strangers  who 
might  injure  us,  and  that  our  reasonable  cus- 
toms and  pretensions  be  respected." 

This  shows,  as  well  as  such  phrases  can  show, 
that  the  real  conflict  was  the  old  one  of  rival 
claims  to  Oregon,  now  assuming,  so  far  as  the 
people  of  Oregon  themselves  were  concerned, 
only  another  form  of  expression. 

According  to  call  the  settlers  gathered  at 
Champoeg  on  the  2d  of  May.  Dr.  I.  L.  Bab- 
cock  was  chairman,  and  G.  W.  Le  Breton  was 
secretary.  The  committee  of  twelve  appointed 
at  the  previous  meeting  made  its  report.  A 
motion  to  accept  it  was  lost;  the  Hudson's  Bay 
men  and  the  Catholics,  vinder  the  lead  of  Rev. 
F.  N.  Blancliet,  voting  "  No  "  on  the  motion  to 
accept.  There  was  mnch  confusion,  if  not  some 
consternation,  at  this  result,  for  it  seemed  that 
all  the  iiopes  of  those  who  desired  the  establish- 
ment of  some  order  of  government  were  to  be 
blasted.  A  motion  made  by  Mr.  Le  Breton, 
however,  rescued  the  meeting  from  its  unhappy 
dilemnja.     It  was  that  the  meeting  divide:  those 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON: 


in  favor  of  an  organization  taking  the  right, 
and  those  opposed  to  it  taking  the  left.  This 
motion  prevailed  withont  opposition.  "Joe 
Meek,"  an  old  Rocky  mountain  man,  of  tall, 
erect  and  commanding  form,  fine  visage,  with 
a  coal-black  eye,  and  the  voice  of  Stentor,  a 
thorough  American,  stepped  out  and  shouted, 
■'  All  in  favor  of  the  report  of  the  committee 
and  an  organization,  follow  me."  The  Ameri- 
cans were  immediately  in  line  by  his  side. 
More  slowly  the  opposition  with  Blanchet  went 
"  to  the  left."  The  lines  were  carefully  counted. 
Fifty-two  stood  with  Meek;  fifty  with  Blan- 
chet,— -so  narrow  was  the  margin  of  sentiment 
in  favor  of  the  organization  of  any  form  of  gov- 
ernment. Promptly  the  chairman  called  the 
meeting  to  order  again;  but  the  defeated  party 
withdrew,  leaving  only  those  who  voted  in  the 
affirmative  to  conclude  the  proceedings  of  the 
day. 

This  was  easily  done,  for  now  the  cause  was 
in  the  hands  of  its  friends.  The  report  of  the 
committee  of  twelve  was  taken  up.  discussed, 
amended  and  adopted.  It  provided  for  the 
election  of  a  supreme  judge,  with  probate  power, 
a  clerk  of  the  court,  a  sheriff,  three  magistrates, 
three  constables,  a  treasurer,  a  major  and  three 
captains.  A.  E.  Wilson  was  chosen  to  act  as 
supreme  judge,  G.  W.  Le  Breton  as  clerk  of  the 
court,  J.  L.  Meek  as  sheriff  and  W.  II.  "Wilson 
as  treasurer.  The  other  offices  were  tilled  and 
a  "  Legislative  Committee  "  of  nine  was  ap- 
pointed, consisting  of  Messrs.  Hill,  Ivobert 
Shortess,  liobert  Newell,  A.  Beers,  Hubbard, 
W.  H.  Gray,  J.  O'Neil,  R.  Moore  and  Dough- 
erty. The  session  of  the  "  Legislative  Com- 
mittee" was  limited  to  si.x  days  and  their  per 
diem  fixed  at  SI. 25,  which  they  immediately 
contributed  themselves.  This  committee  as- 
sembled at  the  Falls  on  the  10th  of  May  and 
was  furnished  a  room  gratuitously  by  the  Meth- 
odist mission  at  that  place,  which,  though  the 
best  that  could  be  had,  was  certainly  humble 
enough  to  suit  even  frontier  views  of  economy 
in  the  work  of  State  building.  It  was  a  build- 
ing 16  X  30  and  divided  into  two  rooms,  one  of 


which  accommodated  the  first  legislature  of 
Oregon.  As  the  discussions  of  this  legislature 
were  tentative,  and  to  be  reported  to  a  meeting 
of  the  citizens  to  be  held  at  Charapoeg  on  the 
5th  of  July,  it  is  not  necessary  to  record  them 
in  e.xtenso  here.  The  session  continued  but 
three  days. 

The  meeting  to  consider  the  report  of  the 
legislative  committee  was  to  be  on  the  5th  day 
of  July.  Showing  the  thorough  American  senti- 
ment that  prevaded  the  entire  movement  a  cel- 
ebration of  "  Independence  Day  "  had  been  ar- 
ranged for  at  the  same  place  on  the  4th,  and 
an  oration  in  honor  of  that  day  so  dear  to  every 
true  American  was  delivered  by  Rev.  Gustavus 
Hines.  On  the  5th  the  meeting  of  the  citizens 
was  held  and  the  orator  of  the  previous  day  was 
chosen  to  preside  over  it.  Quite  a  number  of 
those  who  had  opposed  organization  at  the  pre- 
vious meeting  were  present  at  this  and  an- 
nounced themselves  as  favorable  to  the  objects 
sought  to  be  attained  by  the  Americans.  Others, 
however,  including  the  Catholic  missionaries  and 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  not  only  did  not 
attend,  but  publicly  asserted  that  they  would 
not  submit  to  the  authority  of  any  government 
that  might  be  organized.  The  representatives 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Compauy  addressed  a 
communication  to  the  leaders  of  the  movement, 
stating  that  they  felt  aljundantly  able  to  defend 
both  themselves  and  their  political  rights. 
With  affairs  in  this  attitude  Mr.  Hines  an- 
nounced that  the  report  of  the  legislative  com- 
mittee was  in  order.  The  report  w'as  accord- 
ingly read  by  Mr.  Le  Breton.  It  consisted  of  a 
body  of  what  was  styled  by  the  committee  "  or- 
ganic laws,"  prefaced  by  the  following  pre- 
amble: 

"  We,  the  people  of  Oregon  Territory,  for  the 
purpose  of  mutual  protection,  and  to  secure 
peace  and  prosperity  among  ourselves,  agree  to 
adopt  the  following  laws  and  regulations  until 
such  time  as  the  United  States  of  America  ex- 
tend their  jurisdiction  over  us."  Then  follows 
the  usual  form  of  a  constitution,  with  the  usual 
definitions  and     restrictions    of    the  powers  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  goverimieut.  It  provided  for  an  Executive 
Committee  of  three  instead  of  a  governor,  and  a 
Legislative  Committee  of  nine,  and  in  the  main 
followed  the  order  adopted  liy  the  preliminary 
meeting  in  March.  It  provided  that  the  laws 
of  Iowa  should  be  the  laws  of  Oregon  Territory 
in  cases  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  made 
definite  provision  on  the  subject  of  land  claims. 
The  portion  of  the  report  that  elicited  the  most 
controversy  was  that  constituting  an  executive 
committee  of  three,  some  desiring  a  single  ex- 
ecutive and  some  wishing  to  leave  the  govern- 
ment— if  government  it  could  then  have  been 
called — without  an  executive  head.  On  the  vote 
being  taken  the  body  of  "organic  laws"  re- 
ported by  the  committee  was  adopted,  M'ith  only 
slight  amendments  by  the  meeting.  It  was  re- 
solved that  the  persons  chosen  to  officiate  in  the 
several  offices  at  the  meeting  held  in  May  should 
continue  in  office  until  the  following  May. 
This  left  only  the  Executive  Committee  to  be 
elected,  and  on  a  ballot  being  taken  Alanson 
Beers,  David  Hill  and  Joseph  Gale  were  chosen, 
and  these  tiiree  constituted  the  first  executive 
of  the  Territory  of  Oregon.  In  this  manner 
Oregon  passed  from  a  condition  where  every 
man  was  a  law  unto  himself  into  the  condition 
of  an  organized  political  commonwealth,  and  a 
new  era  had  dawned  upon  her. 

The  first  election  under  the  provision  of  the 
organic  law  adopted  by  the  people  at  Cham poeg, 
July  5,  1843,  was  held  on  the  14th  of  May, 
1844.  At  this  election  P.  G.  Stewart,  Osboru 
Eussell  and  W.  J.  Bailey  were  elected  members 
of  the  Executive  Committee:  Ira  L.  Babcock, 
supreme  judge,  John  E.  Long,  clerk  and  re- 
corder, Philip  Foster,  treasurer,  and  Joseph  L. 
Meek,  sheriff.  The  legislative  districts  had 
been  organized,  covering  all  of  what  now  con- 
stitutes the  States  of  Oregon,  Washington  and 
Idaho,  and  a  part  of  the  State  of  Montana.  That 
was  the  Oregon  Territory  of  the  days  of  the 
provisional  government  and  np  to  1853,  when 
Washington  Territoi-y  was  organized  by  act  of 
Congress, 


The  plan  of  government  proved  so  defective 
that  at  their  meeting  at  Oregon  City  in  Decem- 
ber, 1844,  tlie  legislative  committee  passed 
several  acts  amendatory  of  it  providing  for  their 
submission  to  the  people,  among  which  was  a 
ciiange  from  an  executive  committee  of  three 
to  a  governor,  and  from  a  legislative  committee 
elected  by  the  people  en  masse  to  a  legislature 
representing  legislative  districts.  These  amend- 
ments were  adopted  by  the  people,  and  at  the 
first  annual  election  held  under  the  amended 
organic  law  on  the  3d  of  June,  1845,  George 
Abernethy  was  elected  the  first  governor  of 
Oregon;  John  E.  Long  was  elected  secretary, 
Francis  Ermatinger,  treasurer;  J.  W.  Nesmith, 
district  attorney;  S.  W.  Moss,  assessor;  and 
Joseph  L.  Meek  was  continued  as  sherifi'.  The 
total  vote  cast  for  governor  was  504.  The  ques- 
tion of  holding  a  convention  to  frame  a  consti- 
tution had  also  been  submitted  to  the  people, 
but  the  plan  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  283 
against  to  190  in  favor  of  it. 

At  the  time  of  his  election  as  governor,  Mr. 
Abernethy  was  absent  from  the  country  on  a 
visit  to  the  Sandwich  islands,  and  until  his  re- 
turn the  old  executive  committee  officiated  as 
the  executive  of  the  Territory. 

When  the  Legislature  met  at  Oregon  City  on 
the  24th  of  June,  Mr.  Jesse  Applegate  prepared 
a  form  of  oath  to  be  administered  to  the  mem- 
bers elect,  the  terms  of  which  indicate  the  pecu- 
liar condition  of  society  existing  in  the  country 
at  that  time.     The  oath  was  as  follows: 

Oatu  of  Office. — I  do  solemnly  swear  that 
I  will  support  the  organic  laws  of  the  provis- 
sional  government  of  Oregon,  so  far  as  the  said 
organic  laws  are  consistent  with  my  duties  as  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  a  subject  of 
Great  Britain,  and  faithfully  demean  myself  in 
office.     So  help  me  God. 

This  form  of  oath,  it  will  be  seen,  left  much 
to  the  judgment  of  the  individual  legislator  as 
to  what  was  or  was  not  "consistent"  with  his 
duties  "  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  a 
subject  of  Great   Britain."     Still  it  is  worthy 


HISTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  remark  that,  so  far  we  have  have  been  able 
to  ascertain,  tliere  was  no  case  of  even  alleged 
conflict  between  snch  duties  and  obedience  to 
tlie  organic  law  of  the  Territory.  Indeed 
tliere  ^^•as  no  danger  of  tliis  so  far  as  those  wlio 
wei-e  citizens  of  the  United  States  were  con- 
cerned, as  tlie  organic  law  was  entirely  the  prod- 
uct of  the  spirit  of  American  citizenship,  and 
was  the  act  of  American  citizens.  This  form 
of  oath  was  doubtless  designed  to  disarm,  as  far 
as  possible,  opposition  to  provisional  govern- 
nioiit  on  the  part  of  those  who,  from  tiieir  re- 
lations to  the  British  government  and  the  Hud- 
son's 13a^  Company,  yet  persisted  in  opposing 
it.  Practically  so  far  as  the  members  of  the 
Legislature  were  concerned,  it  had  no  applica- 
tion, as  they  were  all  citizens  of  the  TTnited 
States,  and  hearty  supporters  of  the  organic  law. 

As  this  was  the  first  legislature  elected  in 
the  usual  manner  by  the  ballots  of  the  electors 
of  Oregon,  it  seems  proper  tliat  their  names  be 
given  here.     They  were: 

Clackamas  District:  11.  A.  J.  Lee,  llirain 
Straight,  W.  IL  Gray. 

Tualatin  District:  M.  M.  McCarver,  D.  Hill, 
J.  ^\.  Smith. 

Champoeg  District:  J.  ]\[.  Garrison,  M.  G. 
Foisy,  Barton  Lee,  Robert  Newell. 

Clatsop  District:  John  McClure. 

Yam  Hill  District:  Jesse  Applegate,  A.  Hen- 
dricks. 

To  those  acquainted  with  the  geography  of 
the  country  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that 
they  were  all  residents  south  of  the  Columbia 
river,  for,  though  there  had  been  a  section  called 
Vancouver  district  designated  the  year  before, 
including  the  country  north  of  the  Columbia,  it 
had  elected  no  representative,  and  really  there 
was  hardly  any  settlement  in  it  except  by  the 
Hudson's  Bay  people,  and  these  coivld  hardly  be 
called  settlements  in  the  understanding  of  that 
term  by  an  American. 

The  new  legislature  met  at  Oregon  City  on 
the  24th  of  June,  and  elected  M.  M.  McCarver 
speaker.  The  first  and  most  important  business 
of  the  session  was  the  passing  of  a  memorial  to 


Congress,  asking  for  a  Territorial  government 
according  to  the  usual  forms  of  Congressional 
action.  On  the  28th  of  June  this  memorial 
was  signed  by  the  acting  executivej  in  the  ab- 
sence of  Governor-elect  Abernethy,  namely; 
Messrs.  Russell  and  Stewart  of  the  old  execu- 
tive committee.  Supreme  Judge  Nesmith  and 
the  members  of  the  legislature;  and  Dr.  Elijah 
White  was  delegated  to  convey  it  to  Washing- 
ton. This  being  done  the  legislature  took  a  re- 
cess until  August  5,  awaiting  the  vote  of  the 
people  on  the  adoption  of  a  revised  and  amended 
organic  law  wliich  had  been  duly  submitted  to 
them.  The  vote  being  strongly  in  favor  of  the 
new  law,  the  legislature  began  its  action  under 
it  at  the  appointed  time.  After  some  disagree- 
able wrangling  the  action  of  the  body  at  its  flrst 
session  electingM.  M.  McCarver  speaker,  was 
reconsidered,  and  Jiobert  JS'ewell  was  elected  in 
his  place.  A  spirit  of  personal  partisanship  is 
disclosed  by  the  records  of  the  session,  perhaps 
not  greatly  to  be  wondered  at,  and  still  not 
commending  the  body  to  any  special  eulogy. 
The  previous  appointment  of  Dr.  White  as 
messenger  to  convey  the  memorial  asking  tlie 
organization  of  a  Territorial  government  for 
Oregon  to  Congress,  became  a  great  cause  of 
contention.  The  methods  and  spirit  of  Di-. 
White,  as  we  have  previously  stated,  were  such 
tliat  he  did  not  command  general  pul)lic  confi- 
dence, though  he  did  not  fail  to  secure  a  warm 
personal  and  partisan  support.  Whether  the 
action  of  the  legishiture  in  first  appointing  him 
its  messenger  and  placing  its  memorial  in  his 
hands,  and  afterward,  by  a  unanimoTis  vote, 
comm.itting  to  him  also  a  copy  of  the  amended 
organic  law  to  be  conveyed  with  the  memorial 
to  Congress,  and  then,  in  a  few  days,  demand- 
ing their  return,  was  taken  with  becoming  dig- 
nity and  intelligence,  is  a  question  we  will  not 
discuss.  Certain  it  is,  howe\-er,  that  at  this 
point  in  the  legislative  history  of  Oregon  tliere 
was  an  amount  of  personal  politics  intermincrfed 
with  all  public  politics  not  conservable  of  the  best 
interests  of  the  new  commonwealth.  Further 
than  this  we  need   not  here  draw  aside  the  veil. 


130 


ttlSTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


The  ostensible  reason  for  the  action  of  the 
legislature  demanding  of  Dr.  White  the  return 
of  the  docutneuts  entrusted  to  him,  was  that 
thej  had  not  been  "attested  and  dispatched  ac- 
cording to  the  directions  of  this  house;"  or,  in 
other  words,  that  Mr.  McCarver  had  signed  the 
memorial  as  speaker  of  the  house,  which,  it 
seems,  was  not  what  that  body  desired.  It  one 
at  this  day  can  truly  read  between  the  lines  of 
the  recorded  action  of  the  legislature  concerning 
these  matters,  a  belief  that  the  prominence  that 
body  had  given  Dr.  White  as  bearer  of  these 
documeats  to  Washington,  and  its  consequent 
quasi  indorsement  of  him  after  his  service  as 
sub-agent  of  Indian  afiairs  in  Oregon,  would 
give  him  a  strong  moral  claim  for  any  oifice  of 
honor  or  profit  he  might  desire  in  the  hoped-for 
Territorial  organization,  was  the  real  reason  for 
that  action.  The  members  believed,  too,  that 
he  would  use  his  position  for  that  end,  which  is 
not  only  likely,  but  what,  probably,  most  of 
them  would  have  done  under  the  same  circum- 
stances. 

Dr.  White,  in  a  singularly  characteristic  note, 
refused  to  comply  with  tiie  demand  of  the  legis- 
lature to  return  the  documents,  and  proceeded 
on  his  way  to  Washington.  Not  to  be  foiled  in 
its  purpose,  the  legislature  caused  to  be  for- 
warded to  Congress,  through  the  American  Con- 
sul at  the  Sandwich  Islands,  a  copy  of  the  or- 
ganic law  of  tlie  provisional  government  signed 
by  the  governor  and  attested  by  the  secretary, 
and  also  of  all  resolutions  adopted  by  that  body 
relating  to  the  sending  of  the  same  to  Congress 
by  the  hand  of  Dr.  White,  and  also  a  copy  of 
the  letter  of  Dr.  White  declining  to  return  the 
same  to  it.  On  the  arrival  of  the  documents 
thus  forwarded  in  Washington,  Dr.  White,  who 
had  reached  that  city  before  them,  was  con- 
fronted by  then),  and  they  effectually  destroyed 
all  his  chances  for  political  preferment  in 
Oregon. 

The  result  of  these  memorials  and  petitions 
to  Congress,  in  the  then  attitude  of  the  inter- 
national dispute  regarding  the  ownership  of 
Oregon,  could  only  be  to  keep  the  question  con- 


stantly and  influentially  before  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  and  inapress  it  with  the 
vast  importance  of  the  great  country  in  dispute. 
This  they  effectually  did.  But  of  course  no 
Territorial  government  could  be  erected  over  it 
until  all  the  antecedent  questions  of  sovereignty 
were  settled.  For  this  the  people  of  Oregon 
waited  impatiently.  The  Government  seemed 
mncli  too  tardy  and  indifferent  in  pressing  these 
questions  to  a  settlement,  and  the  people  of 
Oregon  were  long  left  in  suspense  as  to  whether 
they  were  really  regarded  as  American  citizens 
or  not.  Meanwhile  the  affairs  of  the  sui  generis 
commonwealth  were  managed  by  the  provisional 
govenunent  as  best  they  could  be  in  the  condi- 
tion of  the  country,  and  the  historian,  after 
making  due  allowances  for  the  inexperience  of 
those  to  whom  was  intrusted  this  semblance  of 
authority,  must  say  they  were  well  managed. 

It  was  fortunate  that  at  this  critical  juncture 
in  the  afiairs  of  Oregon  a  man  of  calm,  self- 
poised,  conservative  mold  was  its  chief  execu- 
tive officer.  The  only  authority  of  the  govern- 
ment was  a  moral  one.  Its  only  power  to  en- 
force its  decrees  was  in  the  will  of  the  people  to 
obey  them.  To  the  immortal  honor  of  the  pio- 
neers it  may  be  written  that  no  country  ever 
had  a  larger  proportion  of  people* who  governed 
themselves  by  the  general  rule  of  right-doing 
than  had  Oregon.  To  that  class  of  people  Gov- 
ernor Abernethy's  quiet,  undemonstrative,  con- 
scientious course  as  an  officer  and  a  man  com- 
mended itself,  and  in  commending  itself  also 
commended  the  government  of  which  he  was 
the  executive  head.  Oregon  had  many  abler, 
more  brilliant,  more  aggressive  men,  and  many 
of  these  undervalued  him,  and  depreciated  his 
conservatism,  but  it  was  best  for  Oregon.  A 
Hotspur  in  the  executive  chair  at  that  time 
would  aLiiost  certainly  have  so  embroiled  the 
American  and  British  elements  then  in  the 
country  by  the  equal  rigiits  of  treaty  stipula- 
tions as  greatly  to  endanger  our  national  peace, 
if  not,  indeed,  to  make  probable  a  conclusion  of 
our  international  controversy  less  favorable  to  the 
United  States.      He  was  strong  enough  to  wait. 


lllSrORT    OF    WASirrNGTOK. 


13i 


wiae  enough  lo  he  prudent.  This  is  said  for 
Mr.  Ahernethy  without  any  depreciation  of  tlie 
character  or  work  of  other  men,  coadjutors  with 
him  in  tlie  thrillingiy  important  events  of  their 
era,  but  in  just  appreciation  of  the  iiiHuence 
and  work  of  this  man  in  molding  and  consers'- 
in^  the  early  character  of  Oregon  history,  and 
in  bringing  (Oregon  through  the  really  most 
dangerous  period  of  its  civil  and  political  con- 
struction. No  American  at  that  time  in  Ore- 
gon, who  ought  to  have  been  thought  of  in  con- 
nection with  the  office  of  governor,  had  more  of 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  those  who  were 
not  Americans  than  he,  and  it  was  greatly  this 
respect  and  confidence  in  him  that  prevented  a 
more  open  and  violent  opposition  to  the  provis- 
ional government  on  the  part  of  these  people. 
This,  by  some  writers,  has  been  set  down  as  a 
discount  on  his  qualifications  for  the  office  which 
he  held,  l)ut  to  us  it  seems  one  of  the  prime 
factors  in  the  real  infiuenee  of  the  government 
he  directed. 

While  many  very  important  events  in  the 
general  history  of  Oregon  occurred  during  the 
existence  of  the  provisional  government,  they 
will  be  found  recorded  elsewhere  in  this  book, 
under  the  special  departments  of  history  to 
which  they  belong;  wiiat  relates  particularly  to 
the  history  of  that  government  itself  can  soon 
be  told.  Though  in  1846  the  "  Oregon  ques- 
tion '"  between  Great  Britain  and  the  T'nited 
States  was  settled,  confirming  to  the  United 
States  all  the  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains up  to  the  49°  of  latitude,  yet  no  decisive 
movement  was  made  by  Congress  toward  the 
organization  of  a  Territorial  government  over 
it.  Therefore  on  the  3d  of  June,  1847,  another 
election    for    governor    and    other  officers,  and 


members  of  the  provisional  legislature,  was 
held.  The  numlier  of  votes  polled  for  governor 
was  1,074,  George  Abernethy  receiving  a  plu- 
rality of  the  votes  and  being  elected.  The 
Legislature  had  then  increased  to  twenty-two 
members,  five  coming  from  the  region  north  of 
Columbia  river,  and  the  names  of  seiveral  who 
had  been,  in  some  relation,  connected  with  the 
interests  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  appear- 
ing for  the  first  time  upon  the  list  of  members. 
This  indicated  a  gradual  melting  down  of  the 
old  barriers  of  caste  and  nationality,  and  gave 
some  pledge  of  a  future  harmoniousness  of  feel- 
ing and  action  on  the  part  of  all  the  people  of 
the  country.  The  question  of  title  to  the 
country  having  been  settled,  the  old  causes  of 
disagreement  had  passed  away,  e.xcept  the  lin- 
gering remnants  of  personal  enmities  begotien 
of  adverse  national  predilections  and  interest. 
Many  of  these  disappeared  only  in  the  graves 
of  those  who  were  prejudiced  or  fanatical  enough 
to  entertain  them. 

The  bill  for  the  organization  of  a  Territorial 
government  for  Oregon  was  placed  on  its  final 
passage   in    Congress  on   tlie    12tli    of  August, 

1848.  The  incidents  leading  up  to  and  attend- 
ing this  event  will  be  found  elsewhere  and  need 
not  be  referred  to  here.  When  the  '•  ayes"  and 
"  nays "  were  called  a  majority  voted  in  the 
affirmative.  President  Polk  atiixed  his  signa- 
ture to  it  a  few  hours  afterward,  and  at  once 
appointed  General  Joseph  Lane,  of  Indiana, 
governor  of  the  Territory  of  Oregon.  On  his 
arrival   at   Oregon    City,  on    the   2d  of  March, 

1849,  he  issued  his  proclamation,  and  assumed 
the  duties  of  his  office,  and  the  provisional 
government  ot  Oregon  had  ceased  to  exist. 


133 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 
TERRITORIAL  ERA. 
Organization  Delated — Benton's  Letter — Mr.  Thornton's  Mission  to  Washington — J.  L. 
Meek  Sent  to  Washington — President  Polk  Appoints  Territorial  Officers — Census 
Taken — Gold  Discovered  in  California — Election  of  Delegates  to  Congress  — First  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature — Gov.  Lane — Gov.  Gaines — Eegiment  of  Mounted  Riflemen — 
Change  of  Officers — First  Newspaper — Steamer  Built — Death  of  Mr.  Thurston. 

LTHOUGH  the 


Oregon  question,"  as 
)ne,  was  concluded  in 
the  summer  of  1846,  the  country  itself 
was  left  practically  to  its  own  resources 
for  two  years  longer.  It  was  confidently  ex- 
pected by  the  people  of  Oregon,  and  of  the 
Eastern  States  as  well,  tliat  the  organization  of 
a  Territorial  government  would  soon  follow  the 
settlement  of  the  boundary  controversy.  Lender 
this  expectation  a  large  emigration  from  the 
older  States  crossed  the  plains  in  1847.  But 
Congress  delayed.  Reasons  of  politics  were 
more  potent  in  the  councils  of  the  nation  than 
reasons  of  statesmanship.  The  Mexican  war 
was  in  progress.  The  administration  had  all 
and  more  than  it  could  do  to  maintain  itself 
before  the  people.  Its  abdication  of  the  politics 
of  the  convention  and  the  stump  on  the  Oregon 
qnestion  for  those  of  statesmanship  and  reason 
had  angered  a  large  element  of  its  former  sup- 
porters, and  the  progress  of  the  war,  while 
lifting  generals  into  high  reputation,  were  add- 
ing nothing  to  the  honor  of  those  politicians 
who  anticipated  preferment  as  the  result  of  the 
war.  So  Oregon  must  wait.  And  another 
quesrion  was  in  the  slumbering  Oregon  ques- 
tion. That  was  the  slavery  question!  and  all 
knew  that  when  the  matter  of  the  organization 
of  the  Territorial  government  for  Oregon  came 
before  Congress  this  "Satan"  of  our  politics  for 
so  many  years  would  "come  also."  And  for 
this  reason,  too,  the  question  must  wait. 

The  disappointment  in  Oregon  over  this  de- 
lay was  intense.  To  allay  it  as  far  as  possible 
Mr.  Buchanan,  Secretary  of  State  under  Presi- 
dent Polk,  and  Thomas  H.  Benton,  wrote  letters 
to  the  people  of  Oregon,  giving  the  strongest 
assurances  that  they  would,  be  cared  for,  and 


the  interests  of  the  rising  commonwealth  on  the 
Pacific  protected.  Mr.  Buchanan  expressed  the 
deep  regret  of  President  Polk  that  Congress  had 
neglected  Oregon,  and  promising  the  presence 
of  a  regiment  of  dragoons,  and  the  occasional 
visits  of  vessels  of  war  to  protect  the  people. 
That  of  Senator  Benton  gave  so  clear  a  view  of 
the  political  situation  in  which  appears  so  mucli 
that  is  vital  to  the  brave  frontiersmen  of  Ore- 
gon, that  onr  readers  will  be  glad  to  see  some 
extracts  from  it.     He  says: 

"Washington,  March,  1848. 

'■'My  Friends  (for  such  I  may  call  many  of 
you  from  personal  acquaintance,  and  all  of  you 
from  my  thirty  years  of  devotion  to  the  inter- 
ests of  your  country):  I  think  it  right  to  make 
this  communication  to  you  at  the  present  mo- 
ment when  tlie  adjournment  of  Congress,  with- 
out passing  the  bill  for  your  government  and 
protection,  seems  to  have  left  you  in  a  state  of 
abandonment  by  your  mother  country.  You 
are  not  abandoned.  Nor  will  you  be  denied 
protection  unless  you  agree  to  admit  slavery. 
I,  a  man  of  the  South  and  a  slaveholder,  tell 
you  this.  The  House  of  Representatives,  as 
early  as  the  middle  of  January,  had  passed  the 
bill  to  give  jou  a  Territorial  government,  and 
in  that  bill  had  sanctioned  and  legalized  your 
provisional  organic  act,  one  of  the  clauses  of 
which  forever  prohibited  the  existence  of  slavery 
in  Oregon. 

"An  amendment  from  the  Senate's  committee, 
to  which  this  bill  was  referred,  proposed  to  ab- 
rogate that  prohibition,  and  in  the  delays  and 
vexations  to  which  that  amendment  gave  rise, 
the  whole  bill  was  laid  upon  the  table  and  lost 
for  the  session.  This  will  be  a  great  disappoint- 
ment to  you  and   a  real   calamity,   already  five 


HISTORY    OP     WASniNGTON. 


years  without  law  or  legal  institutions  for  the 
protection  of  life,  liberty  and  property,  and 
now  doomed  to  wait  a  year  longer.  This  is  a 
strange  and  anomalous  condition,  almost  in- 
credible to  contemplate  and  critical  to  endure! 
A  colony  of  free  men,  almost  four  thousand 
miles  from  the  metropolitan  government  to 
preserve  them!  But  do  not  be  alarmed  or  des- 
perate.     Yon   will  not  be  outlawed  for  not  ad- 


ing 


very. 


"  Your  fundamental  act  against  that  institu- 
tion, copied  from  the  ordinance  of  1787  (the 
work  of  the  great  men  of  the  South  in  the  grt^at 
days  of  the  South,  prohibiting  slavery  in  a  terri- 
tory far  less  northern  than  yours),  will  not  be 
abrogated.  Nor  is  that  the  intention  of  the 
prime  mover  of  the  amendment.  Upon  the 
record  the  judiciary  committee  of  the  Senate  is 
the  anthoi-  of  that  amendment,  but  not  so  the 
fact.  It  is  only  the  midwife  of  it.  Its  author 
is  the  same  mind  that  generated  the  '  P'ire- 
Braud  Resolutions,'  of  which  I  send  you  a 
copy,  and  of  which  the  amendment  is  the  legiti- 
mate derivation.  Oregon  is  not  the  object. 
The  most  rabid  propagandist  of  slavery  cannot 
expect  to  plant  It  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific 
in  the  latitude  of  Wisconsin  and  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods.  A  home  agitation  for  election  and 
and  disunion  purposes  is  all  that  is  intended  by 
thrusting  this  fire-brand  question  into  your  bill 
as  it  ought  not  to  he.  I  promise  you  this  in  the 
name  of  the  South,  as  well  as  of  the  North,  and 
the  event  will  not  deceive  me.  In  the  mean- 
time the  president  will  give  you  all  the  protec- 
tion which  existing  laws  will  enable  him  to 
extend  to  you,  and  until  Congress  has  time  to 
act  your  friends  must  rely  upon  you  to  con- 
tinue to  govern  yourselves  as  you  have  hereto- 
fore done  under  the  provisions  of  your  own 
voluntary  compact,  and  with  the  justice,  har- 
mony and  moderation  which  is  due  to  your  own 
character  and  to  the  honor  of  the  American 
name.       *       *       ■■''       * 

"  In  conclusion,  I  have  to  assure  you  that  the 
same  spirit  which  has  made  me  the  friend  of 
Oregon   for   thirty   years,  which   led   me  to  de- 


nounce the  joint-occupation  treaty  the  day  it 
was  made,  and  to  oppose  its  renewal  in  1828, 
and  to  labor  for  its  abrogation  until  it  was  ter- 
minated; the  same  spirit  which  led  me  to 
reveal  the  grand  destiny  of  Oregon  in  articles 
written  in  1818,  and  to  support  every  measure 
for  her  benefit  since, — the  same  spirit  still  ani- 
mates me  and  will  continue  to  do  so  while  I 
live, — which  I  hope  will  be  long  enough  to  see 
an  emporium  of  Asiatic  commerce  at  the  month 
of  your  river,  and  a  stream  of  Asiatic  trade 
pouring  into  the  \-alley  of  the  Mississippi 
through  the  channel  of  Oregon." 

These  letters  fully  explained  to  the  people  of 
Oregon  the  political  condition  of  the  questions 
relating  to  their  interests,  as  well  as  communi- 
cated to  them  the  courage  of  assured  expecta- 
tion. Their  provisional  government  was  meet- 
ing, in  a  reasonable  way,  the  necessities  of 
internal  order,  and,  except  for  a  feeling  of 
national  orphanage  that  must  have  oppressed 
the  ten  or  twehe  thousand  Americans  in  the 
country,  there  was  not  much  real  detriment  to 
the  country  in  the  delay.  That  feeling,  how- 
ever, made  the  disappointment  bitter  indeed. 

To  stimulate,  as  far  as  possible,  the  action  of 
Congress,  Governor  Abernethy,  and  many  of  the 
leading  gentlemen  of  the  Territory,  requested 
Hon.  J.  Quinn  Thornton,  supreme  judge  under 
the  provisional  government,  to  proceed  to 
Washington  and  labor  with  CJongress  in  behalf 
of  Oregon.  Acceding  to  their  request  Mr. 
Thornton  left  Oregon  the  latter  part  of  October 
and  arrived  in  Washington  about  the  middle  of 
May,  1848.  He  was  received  in  a  very  cordial 
manner  by  the  friends  of  Oregon  in  Congress, 
and  liy  the  president,  and,  acting  under  their 
advice,  prepared  a  memorial  setting  forth  the 
needs  and  conditions  of  the  people  of  Oregon, 
and  it  was  presented  to  both  Houses  of  Congress. 

In  addition  to  the  memorial,  Mr.  Thornton 
drafted  a  bill  for  the  organization  of  a  Terri- 
torial govornment,  which  was  introduced  and 
placed  upon  its  passage.  Containing  a  clause 
prohibiting  slavery,  this  bill  was  as  objection- 
able to  the  pro-slavery  force  in  Congress  as  was 


BISTORT    OF    WASEINOTON. 


that  which  had  been  defeated  two  years  before. 
Led  by  JeflFerson  Davis  and  John  C  Calhoun, 
the  party  resisted,  with  a  desperate  determina- 
tion, every  step  of  the  progress  of  the  bill.  By 
all  the  tactics  known  to  le<>islative  bodies  it  was 
opposed  and  resisted.  It  was  approaching  the 
time  fixed  npon  for  the  final  adjourntnent  of 
Congress,  August  14,  and  evei'y  effort  was 
made  to  prevent  the  vote  being  taken.  Bnt 
the  friends  of  the  bill  had  made  their  argnnients, 
and  resolved  to  remain  in  session  until  its  ene- 
mies yielded  to  a  vote.  A  violent  altercation, 
which  came  near  resulting  in  a  duel,  occurred 
between  Senators  Benton  of  Missouri  and  But- 
ler of  South  Carolina,  but  after  every  expedient 
of  filiinister  and  delay  had  been  resorted  to  by 
the  enemies  of  the  bill,  the  vote  was  taken  on 
the  1)111  at  abont  8  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
August  13,  1848,  the  Senate  having  been  in  ses- 
sion all  night,  and  the  bill  was  passed.  Within  a 
few  hoars  after  its  passage  President  Polk 
affixed  his  signature  to  it,  and  the  "Territory  of 
Oregon"  became  a  legal  fact. 

Connected  with  the  influences  that  hastened 
the  result,  and  contributing  no  little  to  it, 
were  the  occurrence  of  the  "Whitman  massa- 
cre," which  is  elsewhere  in  this  book  separately 
treated  of,  and  the  sending  of  Joseph  L.  Meek 
as  a  special  messenger  overland  to  Washington, 
to  convey  the  intelligence  of  the  terrible  affair, 
and  contribute  what  he  could  to  the  purpose 
for  which  Mr.  Thoi'ntou  had  already  gone. 
The  massacre  occurred  on  the  29th  day  of 
November,  1847,  abont  six  weeks  after  Mr. 
Thornton's  departure.  The  country  was 
plunged  into  a  state  of  grief  and  alarm.  How 
far  the  murderous  purposes  and  combinations 
of  the  Indians  extended  no  one  could  tell.  The 
Provisional  Legislature  was  then  in  session  at 
Oregon  City.  That  body,  on  the  10th  of  Decem- 
ber, on  motion  of  J.  W.  Nesmith,  resolved  to 
dispatch  a  special  messenger  to  Washington  at 
once  "for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  immedi- 
ate influence  and  protection  of  the  United 
States  Government  in  our  internal  affairs."  On 
the   16th  of    December,  Joseph    L.    Meek  was 


chosen  as  such  messenger,  and  $1,000  appro- 
priated for  his  expenses.  Mr.  Meek  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Assemby,  but  im- 
mediately resigned  his  seat  for  the  purpose  of 
complying  with  the  desires  of  that  body,  as,  in- 
deed, of  all  the  people  of  0)-egon. 

The  selection  of  Mr.  Meek  as  messenger  to 
carry  dispatches  to  Washington  was,  in  most 
respects,  a  very  suitable  one.  The  mission  was 
one  of  great  peril  and  hardship.  It  was  win- 
ter, and  the  route  lay  over  nearly  2,000  miles 
of  entirely  unsettled  deserts  and  mountains,  on 
which  the  winter  storms  and  snows  held  a  ter- 
rible tyranny.  A  journey  over  them  by  sum- 
mer was  difficult  and  dangerous  enough,  and 
one  by  winter  had  seldom  been  attempted,  and 
more  seldom  accomplished. 

Mr.  Meek  was  a  "  mountain  man."  lie  had 
spent  many  years  as  a  hunter  and  trapper,  rang- 
ing the  valleys  of  the  upper  Missouri,  Colum- 
bia and  Snake  rivers,  Colorado  and  Salt  Lake, 
and  all  the  mountain  regions  from  Missouri 
to  California  and  Oregon.  His  familiarity  with 
the  region  to  be  traversed,  his  unusual  courage, 
quick  wit,  and  great  powers  of  physical  endur- 
ance pre-eminently  qualified  him  to  undertake 
the  hazardous  mission.  His  credentials  from 
the  Legislature  and  governor,  and  a  memorial 
and  other  documents  to  be  presented  to  the 
Covernnieut  at  Washington,  were  jjrepared  and 
furnished  him,  and  on  the  4th  of  January  he 
set  out  on  his  mission,  no  less  perilous  than 
important. 

The  incidents  of  this  winter  journey  of  Mr. 
Meek  belong  to  the  romance  of  an  era  long 
since  departed,  the  chronicle  of  which  lives 
only  in  the  memories  of  the  few  remaining 
gray-haired  men  whose  early  manhood  belonged 
to  it.  Our  space  permits  only  the  most  gen- 
eral reference  to  them. 

On  reaching  The  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  such 
was  the  excited  condition  of  the  Indians  between 
the  Cascade  and  Blue  mountains,  that  the  mes- 
senger and  his  small  party,  consisting  of  John 
Owen  and  George  Ebberts,  were  compelled  to 
remain  at  that  place  several  weeks,  as  it  would 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


then  have  been  impossible  to  have  made  their 
way  throuf^h  the  hostile  tribe. 

When  the  troops  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment arrived  on  their  way  to  the  scene  of  the 
Wliitman  massacre,  Mr.  Meek  accompanied 
them  as  far  as  Wai'ilitpn,  the  scene  of  that  dire- 
ful tragedy.  One  of  Mr.  Meek's  own  children, 
who  was  in  the  care  of  Dr.  Whitman  and  his 
wife,  liad  been  a  victim  of  Cayuse  treachery  at 
that  time.  The  place  and  scene  of  the  mnrder 
was  most  fnll  of  sad  and  impressive  recollections 
and  impressions,  as  the  troops  and  the  party  of 
Meek  committed  the  remains  of  the  victims  of 
that  terrible  day  to  the  earth,  before  he  con- 
tinued on  his  journey.  This  done,  a  company 
of  the  troops  escorted  his  small  party,  now  con- 
sisting of  seven  men,  as  far  as  the  base  of  the 
Bine  mountains,  where  the  lone  travelers  were 
cast  loose  on  the  vast  winti-y  world  that  lay  cold 
and  white  for  more  than  a  tliousand  miles  be- 
fore them. 

Their  ronte  lay  over  the  I'lue  mountains  into 
Grande  Konde  valley,  thence  to  Powder  river, 
and  down  Burnt  river  to  Snake,  then  up  the 
great  valley  of  that  stream  to  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains, and  thence  down  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
continent  to  St.  Joseph,  on  the  Missouri  river, 
which  they  reached  in  a  little  over  two  months 
from  the  Willamette  valley.  It  is  hardly  prob- 
able that  there  was  another  man  in  Oregon  who 
could  have  accomplished  this  journey  with  the 
celerity  with  which  it  was  accomplished  by  J. 
L.  Meek.  What  remained  to  be  done  was  for 
him  more  difficult.  If  we  give  a  page  to  the 
consideration  of  the  unique  place,  Mr.  Meek, 
and  others  like  him,  held  in  early  Oregon  his- 
tory, this  will  be  better  appreciated,  and  one 
chapter  of  our  story  will  be  more  clearly  read. 
To  do  this  we  take  him  as  the  most  prominent,  if 
not  the  best  type  of  that  element  in  the  social 
and  civil  life  of  early  pioneer  times  in  Oregon. 

Joseph  L.  Meek  was  a  Virginian  by  birth.  In 
his  early  youth  he  found  his  way  to  St.  Louis, 
where,  in  1828,  he  engaged  himself  to  Mr.  Will- 
iam Sublette,  then  and  for  years  thereafter  one 
of  the  ablest  leaders  of  the  fur  trade  of  the  Rocky 


mountains,  and  with  his  company  went  into  the 
work  of  hunting  and  trapping  in  the  great 
mountain  regions  of  the  interior  of  the  conti- 
nent. In  various  relations  connected  with 
such  men  as  Sublette,  Bridger,  Fontenelle, 
Smith,  Bonneville  and  others,  he  spent  his  life 
until  1840,  wlien,  the  fur  trade  liaving  almost 
entirely  failed  in  the  mountains,  he  resolved  to 
seek  a  home  in  the  Willamette  valley.  Taking 
his  wife,  an  Indian  woman,  and  family  of 
half-breed  children,  he  abandoned  the  mountains 
and  took  up  his  residence  on  a  beautifiil  land 
claim  about  twenty  miles  west  of  where  the  city 
of  Portland  now  stands,  on  what  was  then  known 
as  "  Tualatin  plains,"  when  he  thus  and  there 
entered  upon  a  life  associated  with  the  purposes 
and  work  of  civilization.  He  was  just  in  the  ma- 
turity of  his  physical  powers,  and  a  man  of  a  fine 
and  engaging  presence.  Tall,  lithe,  well- 
rounded,  erect,  with  black  hair  and  sparkling- 
black  eyes,  a  face  radiant  with  self-satisfied  good 
humor,  and  having  a  smooth  and  easy  utter- 
ance, he  could  always  secure  the  attention  of 
men. 

Technically  he  was  uneducated.  Really  he 
was  educated  though  unlettered.  His  education 
was  that  of  experience  and  adventure  and  dan- 
ger,— an  education  that  goes  further  in  the  mak- 
ing of  a  man  than  mere  letters.  It  gave  to  him 
an  induration  of  physical  force  that  was  admira- 
ble. It  did  not  elevate  his  moral  nature  com- 
mensurately.  It  imparted  a  keenness  of  per- 
ception to  his  intellectual  faculties,  while  it  did 
not  broaden  and  elevate  liis  reason.  It  quickened 
his  instinctive  sagacity  into  adroitness,  while  it 
did  not  furnish  it  a  strong  basis  of  conscientious- 
ness. Conscious  physical  power  and  a  long 
period  of  wild  and  varried  adventure  gave  to  his 
naturally  independent  nature  an  abandon  that 
verged  on  recklesness.  The  wild  stories  of  the 
camps  in  which  he  spent  his  youth  and  early 
manhood,  with  their  frequent  excesses  and 
carousals,  colored  his  forms  of  thought  and 
speech  with  a  spirit  of  exaggeration  which  often 
went  beyond  the  limits  of  fact  or  truth.  Thus 
his  education, — the  education  of  the   camp  and 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASllINOTON. 


the  trail  aud  the  wigwam,  crystallized  hiui  into 
that  unique  personality  that  is  known  in  early 
Oregon  history  as  "Jo  Meek", — a  personality  that 
was  not  without  its  importance  in  place  and 
power  in  the  early  pioneer  days  in  wliich  these 
later  days  of  a  more  specious  civilized  pretense 
were  conceived  and  born,  and  that  helped  in  no 
inconsiderable  degree  to  make  these  later  and 
better  days  a  possibility  and  a  fact.  Without 
him  and  such  as  he  then  was,  these  conld  not 
have  been  now.  !So  we  honor  tiiese  men  of  the 
olden  times. 

It  is  scarcely  possible  for  a  man  of  to-day,  as 
he  steps  out  of  a  gilded  palace  car,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Missoui-i  after  a  three-days  I'un  from 
Portland  to  Omaha,  to  imagine  the  appearance 
of  "Jo  Meek"  as  he  stejtped  down  from  the 
back  of  his  mule  after  his  two -months  ride  from 
Oregon,  on  that  March  evening  in  1848.  lie 
was  dressed  in  buckskin  pants,  with  a  blanket 
capote  and  wolf-skin  cap,  with  moccasins  on 
his  feet.  His  hair  and  beard  were  long  and 
unkempt.  He  had  neither  money  nor  friends, 
aud  his  only  source  of  hope  to  i-each  Washing- 
ton was  in  his  mission  and  himself,  and  these 
proved  an  open  sesame  wherever  he  went. 
When  he  reached  Washington,  only  a  couple 
of  weeks  after  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Thornton,  the 
documents  he  brought  and  his  personal  intelli- 
gence and  influence  aided  no  little  iu  hastening 
the  action  of  Congress  for  the  relief  of  Oregon 
in  the  adoption  of  the  bill  for  the  organization 
of  a  Territorial  government. 

After  Mr.  Polk  had  signed  the  bill  on  the 
13th  of  August  he  made  haste  to  complete  his 
part  of  the  work  of  organizing  the  Territory  by 
the  appointment  of  its  officers.  His  own  term 
of  office  as  president  was  approaching  its  limit, 
and  he  was  naturally  desirous  that  the  new  gov- 
ernment of  Oregon  should  be  fully  installed 
before  its  expiration.  He  chose  General  Joseph 
Lane,  of  Indiana,  governor  of  the  Territory, 
and  appointed  Joseph  L.  Meek  United  States 
marshal,  and  delegated  him  to  convey  his  com- 
mission to  the  newly  appointed  governor,  who 
was  at  his   home  in    Indiana,  and  who  was  en- 


tirely unaware  of  the  duty  about  to  be  imposed 
upon  him.  General  Lane  accepted  the  com- 
mission thus  honorably  tendered  him,  and, 
three  days  after  he  received  it,  had  closed  up 
his  affairs  in  Indiana,  and  in  company  with  Mr. 
Meek  was  on  his  way  toward  Oregon. 

After  the  most  strenuous  effort  Governor 
Lane  reached  Oregon  City,  the  then  capital,  on 
the  second  day  of  March,  1849.  On  the  third 
day  of  March  he  issued  a  proclamation  and 
assumed  the  duties  of  his  office,  thus  anticipat- 
ing by  but  a  single  day  the  expiration  of  the 
term  of  Mr.  Polk  as  President  of  the  United 
States.  Thus  the  ambition  of  the  president  to 
signalize  his  term  in  the  office  of  President  of 
the  United  States,  into  which  he  was  undoubt- 
edly lifted  by  the  position  of  his  party  and  him- 
self oil  the  Oregon  (question,  by  the  organization 
of  the  Territorial  government  in  Oi-egon,  was 
gratified,  and  Oregon  passed  out  of  its  form  of 
self-imposed  provisional  government,  and  was 
fully  under  the  protection  of  the  (lovernment 
of  the  United  States. 

Though  Governor  Lane  and  Marshal  Meek 
were  in  Oregon,  they  were  the  only  official  rep- 
I'csentatives  of  the  United  States  Government 
in  the  Territory  for  a  number  of  months.  The 
other  Territorial  officers,  namely,  Kintzing 
Pritcheli,  secretary;  William  C.  Eryant,  cjiief 
justice,  and  O.  C.  Pratt  and  Peter  II.  Burnett, 
associate  justices,  were  in  due  time  appointed 
and  took  the  respective  places  assigned  them, 
and  the  Oregon  Territory  was  fully  organized. 

Immediately  on  assuming  the  duties  of  his 
office.  Governor  Lane  appointed  marshals  to 
take  the  census,  as  provided  in  the  organic  act. 
The  population  was  then  ascertained  to  be 
Vt,083,  of  whom  all  but  208  were  Americans. 

When  the  bill  for  the  organization  of  the 
Territory  of  Oregon  became  a  law,  containing 
liberal  promises  for  the  donation  of  lands  to 
actual  settlers,  it  was  anticipated  that  the  conn- 
try  would  immediately  be  tilled  with  those  who 
were  anxious  to  avail  themselves  of  this  pro- 
vision. The  drift  of  emigration  was  almost 
entirely  toward  Oregon.     California  was  little 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


known,  and  few  cared  to  venture  amono-  the 
Mexico-Spanish  people  of  that  region.  Almost 
sinuiltaneously  with  the  passage  of  the  bill, 
however,  there  occurred  an  event  in  that  Terri- 
tory that  turned  the  tide  of  emigration  from 
liie  Eastern  States  thitherward,  and  even  drew 
very  heavily  on  the  population  df  ( )ie!ii'n  itself. 
This  was  the  discovery  of  goM  at  Colonm,  on 
the  south  fork  of  tlie  Anieriean  river,  by  .lames 
W.  ]\[arsliall,  who  was  among  the  arri\als  in 
Oregon  in  the  autumn  of  1844:,  but  went  to 
California  in  1845,  and  entered  the  employ- 
ment of  Captain  John  A.  Sutter  at  that  place. 
h\  a  few  months  intelligence  of  this  event  had 
reached  the  Eastern  States.  It  awakened  a 
great  excitement,  and  intending  emigrants  to 
Oregon  l)y  the  thousand  turned  to  California. 
The  emigration  on  the  plains  in  the  summer  of 
1848  met  the  intelligence  on  tlie  way  and 
largely  turned  toward  the  tields  of  gold.  In 
August,  about  seven  months  from  the  date  of 
the  discovery,  the  news  reached  Oregon  liy  a 
vessel  which  entered  the  Columbia  river  for  a 
cargo  of  supplies  for  the  mines.  The  effect 
upon  the  people  of  Oregon  was  even  more 
marked  than  that  on  any  other  part  of  the 
country.  Nearly  the  entire  adult  male  popu- 
lation of  the  territory  rushed  to  California, 
farms  were  left  untilled  and  harvests  nnreaped. 
It  looked  as  though  Oregon  wonld  be  depopu- 
lated. For  two  or  three  years  this  exodus  had 
a  great  effect  on  the  prosperity  and  improve- 
ment of  the  country.  But  the  productiveness 
of  the  lands  of  Oregon,  and  the  average  salu- 
brity of  its  climate  had  become  so  well  known 
that  gradually  most  of  those  who  had  left  re- 
turned, and  again  emigration  resumed  its  old 
flow  into  the  valley  of  the  Willamette.  Besides, 
the  mines  of  California  opened  the  first  market 
for  the  abundant  products  of  Oregon;  prices 
rose  to  almost  fabulous  figures;  and  for  a  few 
years  the  gold-diggers  of  the  plains  of  California 
poured  a  stream  of  the  yellow  dust  into  the 
pockets  of  the  farmers  and  herdsmen  of  Oregon. 
Prospectors  pushed  their  discoveries  northward 
()t    tlic    Sacramento,  until    in    1851    rich    niines 


were  discovered  in  Southern  Oregon.  So,  whil'^' 
the  first  effect  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia was  detrimental  to  the  pi-osperity  of 
Oregon,  its  ultimate  result  was  the  opening  of 
an  era  of  unexampled  advancement. 

Tp  to  this  time  there  had  been  but  little  C(jin, 
or  money  of  any  kind,  in  the  country.  So 
straitened  were  the  people  for  a  circulating 
medium  that  the  provisional  Legislature  made 
wheat  a  legal  tender  at  one  dollar  per  bushel. 
Oi'dei-s  on  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  on 
some  mercantile  establishments,  and  upon 
the  Methodist  mission,  though  not  legal  tend- 
ers, passed  curi-ent  among  the  people  as  the  best 
medium  of  exchange  that  could  be  had.  But 
with  the  coming  of  gold  dust  into  the  country 
in  the  winter  of  1848-'4!),  this  was  passed 
current  as  money,  though  at  a  great  loss  to 
thiise  who  were  compelled  to  dispose  of  it 
as  such,  as  an  ounce  of  gold  dust,  in- 
trinsically    woi-th     from    iplB     to     |;18,    could 


d  for   onh 


ai. 


To   remedy 


the  provisional  Legislature  passed  an  act  for 
the  "assaying,  melting  and  coining  of  gold." 
Before  anything  was  done  under  this  act,  how- 
ever, the  functions  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment were  terminated  by  the  arrival  of  Gover- 
nor Lane  and  the  organization  of  the  Territorial 
government.  Still  private  enterprise  came  for- 
ward and  supplied  the  want  by  issuing  what  is 
known  as  "beaver  money,"  in  coins  of  five  and 
ten  dollars  in  value.  These  coins  bore  on  the 
obverse  side  the  figure  of  a  beaver — whence 
their  name — above  which  were  the  letters  "  K., 
M.,  T.,  A.,  W..  K.,  C,  S.,"  and  beneath  "  O.  T. 
1849."  On  the  reverse  side  was  "  Oregon  Ex- 
change Company,  130  Grains  Native  Gold,  5 
D"  or  "10  pwts.  20  grains,  10  D."  The  letters 
were  the  Initials  of  the  gentlemen  composing 
the  company,  namely:  Messrs.  Kilbourne,  Ma- 
gruder,  Taylor,  Abernethy,  Willson,  Hector, 
Campbell  and  Smith.  The  dies  were  made  by 
Mr.  Hamilton  Campbell,  and  the  press  and 
rolling  machine  by  W.  H.  Rector.  This  was 
not  claimed    by  the    company    as    money,  but 


,ly  th: 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


tliis  convenient  form  for  use  as  a  medium  of  ex- 
change. In  a  few  years,  however,  the  "coin  of  tlie 
realm"  became  plentiful,  and  these  found  their 
way  to  the  United  States  mint  for  recoinage. 

Though  General  Lane  had  assumed  the  duties 
of  iiis  office  on  the  3d  day  of  March,  18-lU, 
there  could  scarcely  he  said  to  be  any  govern- 
ment in  the  country  for  some  months  subse- 
quently. There  was  an  executive  but  no  laws 
to  execute,  and  no  courts  for  processes  and 
trials.  The  condition  was  anomalous,  and  far 
from  satisfactory.  The  seat  of  government  at 
Washington  was  so  distant,  and  so  much  time 
was  required  to  communicate  with  it,  and  the 
appointed  Territorial  officers  were  so  tardy  in 
arriving  and  entering  on  their  duties,  that  the 
people  became  anxious  and  discontented.  So 
much  time  was  required  to  complete  the  census 
and  other  needful  prejiarations  that  Governor 
Lane  could  not  call  an  election  for  delegate  to 
Congress  and  members  of  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature before  the  6th  of  June,  184-9.  The  total 
vote  cast  for  delegate  to  Congress  was  about  943 — 
a  very  small  vote  for  the  population  of  over 
9,000  as  ascertained  by  the  census  only  just 
completed.  This  was  owing  to  the  absence  of 
such  a  great  number  of  the  adult  males  in  the 
California  gold  mines.  Of  this  vote  Samuel  R. 
Thurston  secured  470,  Columbia  Lancaster,  321, 
James  W.  Nesmith,  104,  Josej)!!  L.  Meek,  40, 
and  J.  S.  Griffin,  8. 

Governor  Lane,  in  his  proclamation  calling 
an  election,  had  made  an  apportionment  of 
members  of  the  Legislature  to  the  several 
counties  or  districts  as  they  had  l)een  formed  by 
the  Provisional  Legislature,  and  the  following- 
named  gentlemen  were  elected  to  the  first  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature: 

6\>««''i7:  W.  Blain,  Tualatin;  W.  W.  Buck, 
Clackauias;  S.  Parker,  Clackamas  and  Cham- 
poeg;  W.  Shannon,  Champoeg  ;  S.  F.  McKeon, 
Clatsop,  Lewis  and  Vancouver;  J.  B.  Graves, 
Yam  Hill;  W.  Maley,  Linn;  N.  Ford,  Polk;  L. 
A.  Humphrey,  Benton. 

Representatiwfi :  D.  Hill  and  W.  M.  King, 
Tualatin  ;    A.  L.    Lovejoy,  J.   D.    Ilolman   and 


Gabriel  Walling,  Clackamas;  J.  W.  Green,  W. 
W.  Chapman  and  W.  T.  Matlock,  Champoeg; 
A.  J.  Hembree,  R.  C.  Kinney  and  J.  B.  Walling, 
Yam  Hill;  J.  Dunlap  and  J.  Conser,  Linn;  II. 
X.  V.  Holmes  and  S.  Burch,  Polk;  M.  T. 
Simmons,  Lewis,  Vancouver  and  Clatsop;  J.  L- 
Mulkey  and  G.  B.  Smith,  Benton. 

The  Legislature  assembled  at  Oregon  City, 
July  16,  1849,  and  held  a  brief  session,  in 
which  they  apportioned  their  future  member- 
ship; changed  the  names  of  Champoeg,  Tual- 
atin and  Vancouver  counties  to  Marion,  Wash- 
ington and  Clarke,  respectively;  decided  what 
officers  the  various  counties  should  have,  and 
provided  for  their  election  the  following  (3cto- 
ber,  and  divided  the  Territory  into  three  judicial 
districts.  In  October  the  county  elections  were 
held,  and  the  officers  who  were  chosen  qualified 
immediately,  and  the  Territorial  Government  of 
Oregon  thus  completed  its  organization. 

The  condition  of  Oregon  at  this  date  was 
most  pronjising.  The  doubt  and  hesitation  and 
distrust  of  the  period  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment had  passed  away.  The  end  of  Hudson's 
Bay  domination  had  couje.  Hencefortli  that 
great  corporation  was  Iiere  only  for  a  limited 
time,  and  while  here  could  exercise  no  power 
over  public  affairs,  only  as  its  individual  mem- 
bers chose  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  take  tiieir  place  in  the  l>ody  politic  as  such. 
No  longer  did  the  power  of  British  ships  of  war 
in  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  alarm 
or  their  threats  annoy.  Courts  were  organized 
for  the  redress  of  wrong  and  the  support  of 
right.  The  stars  and  stripes  truly  emblemed 
the  sovereignty  of  the  land,  and  was  the  pledge 
of  the  protection  of  a  great  nation.  And  in  a 
climate  as  genial  as  man  could  desire,  on  a  soil 
as  fruitful  as  an  Eden,  amidst  scenery  that  was 
forever  an  inspiration  of  great  thoughts  and 
higli  ambitions,  and  a  people  whose  energy  and 
patriotism  and  intelligence  had  marked  them  as 
leaders  and  builders  of  society  even  before  they 
had  come  into  this  sunset  land,  there  seemed 
little   i>efoi-e  the  infant  commonwealth  to  inter- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


fere  with  or  prevent  its  rapid  growth  into  a 
great  and  prosperous  State. 

Tlie  time  of  General  Lane  as  governor  was 
short.  James  K.  Polk  was  succeeded  by  Genera! 
Taylor  as  president  of  the  United  States,  Marcli 
4,  1849,  one  day  after  General  Lane  assumed 
the  duties  of  his  office.  In  April,  1850,  he 
received  notice  that  President  Taylor  had  re- 
moved him  from  office  and  appointed  Major 
John  P.  Gaines  in  his  stead  on  the  second  day 
of  the  previous  October. 

An  interesting  incident  connected  with  his 
appointment  was  that  General  Taylor  first  of- 
fered the  governorship  of  the  Territory  to 
Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was  an  applicant  for  the 
post  of  commissioner  of  the  general  land  'office. 
That  place  being  filled.  President  Taylor  offered 
him  the  place  of  governor  of  Oi-egon.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln declined  it,  doubtless  believing  that  better 
opportunities  for  his  fntui-e  advancement  would 
exist  in  the  East  than  in  the  narrower  associa- 
tions of  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  interesting  to 
speculate  on  the  changes  and  modifications  in 
State  and  national  history  whicii  would  have  oc- 
curred had  Mr.  Lincoln  liecome  governor  of  this 
then  most  obscure  Territory. 

Of  course  during  this  brief  time  little  occur- 
red in'  the  Territory  that  made  much  impression 
on  the  history  of  the  country.  A  regiment  of 
mounted  rifles  was  sent  across  the  plains  in  the 
summer  of  1848,  and  were  stationed  at  various 
posts,  as  Oregon  City,  whicli  was  its  head  quar- 
ters, Vancouver,  Astoria  and  on  Piiget  sound 
This  regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Loi- 
ing,  afterward  general,  who  achieved  notoriety, 
if  not  reputation,  in  Egypt  as  Loring  Pasha. 
The  regiment  was  greatly  weakened  by  deser- 
tion, 400  deserting  at  once  and  leaving  for  the 
gold  mines  in  California.  General  Lane,  being 
appealed  to  by  the  colonel,  collected  a  body  of 
volunteers  and  pursued  them  as  far  as  Rogue 
river,  where  260  surrendered  to  him  and  were 
brought  back,  but  the  remainder  succeeded  in 
reaching  California,  and  were  never  returned  to 
their  service. 


In  May  Governor  Lane  made  a  journey  to 
southern  Oregon  to  conclude  a  treaty  with  the 
Indians  of  that  region,  who  had  always  been 
lurbnlent,  and  after  completing  it  satisfactorily 
he  passed  on  into  California.  He  had  fixed  on 
the  18th  of  June  as  the  time  in  which  he  would 
vacate  the  office  of  governor,  and  so,  like  so  many 
others  at  that  time,  he  kept  on  into  the  gold 
mines  seeking  for  a  better  fortune.  Governor 
Gaines  reached  Oregon  City  and  assumed  the 
duties  to  which  he  had  been  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Taylor  on  the  19th  of  September,  nearly  a 
year  after  his  appointment.  There  was  also  an 
entire  change  in  Territorial  offices,  consequent 
on  the  incoming  of  the  Whig  national  adminis- 
tration. Edward  Hamilton  was  made  secretary; 
John  McLain  and  William  Strong,  judges; 
Amory  Ilolbrook,  United  States  attorney;  John 


Ada 


Hector   of    customs;     and    Heurv    II. 


Spaiilding,  Indian  agent.  Joseph  L.  Meek  re- 
tained the  jiosition  of  United  States  marshal. 
The  Legislative  Assembly,  whose  members  had 
been  elected  in  June,  met  in  December.  Thi> 
body  being  Democratic,  was  not  in  political  har- 
mony with  the  Territorial  officers  who  were 
AVhigs  and  the  session  was  not  as  productive  of 
good  to  the  Territory  as  it  should  have  been. 
The  Legislature  was  an  able  body  of  men,  in- 
cluding some  who  have  done  as  much  to  mold 
the  character  of  Oregon  socially  and  politically 
as  any  men  ever  in  the  State,  among  whom,  for 
the  length  and  eminence  of  his  sei'vice  may  be 
mentioned  the  name  of  M.  P.  Deady,  long  one 
of  the  most  eminent  jurists  of  the  nation. 

It  devolved  on  this  body  to  give  the  Territory 
a  code  of  laws,  and  to  adjust  all  legislation  to 
the  nev;-  conditions  introduced  by  the  new  form 
of  government,  and  the  great  increase  of  popu- 
lation and  enlarged  commercial  and  social  de- 
mands. The  members  of  the  body  ably  and 
patriotically  met  their  obligations,  and  tlie  re- 
sult of  their  generally  wise  action  was  increased 
and  permanent  prosperity  in  the  Territory. 

Two  events  occurred  in  the  autumn  of  1850 
and  the  early  part  of  1851,  that  were  both  the 
prod  net  of  the  new  era  and   an  onjen  of  its  en- 


140 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


largiiig  life.  These  were  the  establishment  of 
three  newspapers,  and  the  building  of  a  steam- 
boat to  ply  on  the  Willamette  and  Colnmbia 
rivers.  For  some  yeai's  a  newspaper  called  the 
Oregon  Spectator  had  been  published  at  Oregon 
City  by  an  association  of  gentlemen  of  which 
George  Aljernethy  was  president,  which  had 
contriliuted  much  to  the  social  attraction  and 
general  advancement  of  the  people.  But  with 
the  inauguration  of  the  Territorial  era  there  was 
a  large  iniiux  of  ambitious  and  talented  men, 
anxious  for  place,  and  as  anxious  for  organs  by 
which  they  could  reach  and  influence  tlie  public 
mind.  Also  rival  towns,  with  views  of  metro- 
politan importance  and  greatness  before  the  eyes 
of  their  founders,  were  established,  and  they  too 
must  needs  have  mediums  by  which  their  ad- 
vantages and  the  disadvantages  of  their  rivals 
miglit  be  made  known  to  the  world.  Accord- 
ingly, on  the  -IMi  of  November,  185(1,  the 
AVestern  Star  rose  on  the  horizon  of  Milwaukee, 
then  a  vigorous  and  furmidablc  ri\al  of  I'ort- 
laiid  and  all  other  places  foi'  metropolitan 
honors.  J^ot  VVhitconil),  a  name  very  widely 
and  honorably  known  in  Oregon  in  these  early 
days,  was  its  publisher,  and  John  Orvis  Water- 
man its  editor.  On  the  4th  of  December  Mr. 
Thomas  J.  Di'yer  issued  the  first  number  of  the 
Oregonian  in  Portland.  In  the  following  March 
the  first  number  of  the  Oregon  Statesman  was 
issued  by  Mr.  Asahel  Bush  at  Oregon  City. 
From  the  lirst  the  Oregonian  and  Statesman 
became  the  organs  of  the  two  great  political 
parties  of  the  country, — the  Whig  and  Demo- 
cratic. Tliey  were  both  of  the  most  pronounced 
type  of  party  journalism.  Their  editors  were 
men  of  talent,  full  of  zeal  for  their  parties  and 
fearless  in  their  advocacy  of  their  principles 
and  candidates.  While  it  is  proper  to  concede 
to  both  of  the  able  editors  of  these  papers  a  sin- 
cere desire  to  advance  the  interest  of  the  Terri- 
tory, it  is  necessary  to  the  truth  of  history  to 
say  that  the  style  of  their  work  was  far  more 
that  of  the  bitter  partisan  rather  than  of  the 
broad  statesman.  But,  in  the  disjointed  and 
con.domerate  ^tato  of  social  life  then    orev;ilent 


on  the  Pacific  coast,  where,  more  than  anywhere 
else  in  the  world,  every  man  did  what  he  pleased, 
and  said  what  he  pleased,  perhaps  it  would  have 
been  too  much  to  expect  that  newspapers  would 
l^e  specially  distinguished  by  their  suaviter  in 
iiuxjo  rather  than  by  \\\&\r  furtiter  in  re.  Cer- 
taiidy  these  were  not,  and  they  won  an  unenvi- 
able notoriety  for  the  style  of  their  journalism; 
but  at  the  same  time  they  did  much  in  these 
early  and  not  very  quiet  days  for  tlie  progress 
and  development  of  the  new  Territory. 

The  Western  Star  did  not  long  remain  above 
the  horizon.  The  Statesman  has  had  a  some- 
what checkered  career,  but  still  exists,  and  is 
now  published  at  Salem,  the  capital  of  the  State. 

The  Oregonian  has  held  on  its  steady  course 
of  publication  in  the  city  in  which  it  was  estab- 
lished; growing  with  the  growth  and  strength- 
ening with  the  strength  of  tlie  city  and  the 
country,  until  in  scope  and  [lower  as  a  daily 
and  weekly  journal  it  is  fully  the  equal,  if  not 
indeed  the  real  superior,  of  any  newspaper  pub- 
lished on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  there  are  few 
in  the  nation  that  can  stand  as  its  rival. 

The  steamer  built  in  the  autumn  of  1850  was 
constructed   at   Milwaukee,  and  called  in  honor 


of 


he   "Lot  AVhitcoml 


d'  O 


regon. 


She  was  launched  on  Christmas  day,  a  great 
crowd  of  people  attending,  amid  peals  of  cannon 
and  the  cheers  of  the  multitude,  Governor  Gaines 
formally  christening  her  as  she  moved  from  her 
ways  into  the  waters  of    the  Willamette. 

Farly  in  1851  Samuel  R.  Thurston,  delegate 
to  Congress  from  the  Territory,  died.  He  was 
on  his  way  home  from  Washington,  and  while 
at  sea  between  Panama  and  Acapulco,  closed 
his  life,  and  was  buried  at  Acapulco.  AVhen 
the  news  reached  Oregon  a  few  weeks  later  it 
caused  a  general  expression  of  sorrow.  He  was 
a  brilliant  young  man,  full  of  fiery  ambition, 
and  it  was  expected  that  he  would  not  only 
secure  fame  for  himself  but  would  accomplish 
much  for  his  adopted  Territory.  He  had  made 
a  tine  reputation  during  the  short  time  he  was 
in  Congress  for  ability  and  efficiency,  and  it 
was  thought  ti;at  he  would  be  returned,  as  he 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


belonged  to  the  party  that  was  strongly  domi- 
nant in  the  politics  of  the  Territory.  At  its 
next  session  the  legislature  honored  him  by  be- 


stowing his  name  upon  a  county  organized 
north  of  the  Columbia  river,  and  now  including 
the  capital  of  the  State  of  Washington. 


^^ 


^^^ 


CHAPTER  XV. 

OPENING  HISTORY  NORTH  OF  THE  COLUMBIA. 

The  Old  Changing  into  the  New — Eeasons — M.  T.  Simmons  and  his  Associates — Attempted 
Visit  to  Puget  Sound — Reach  the  Sound  and  Begin  a  Settlement — Slow  Peogeess— Set- 
tlements of  1848 — Discovery  of  Gold  in  California — Results  on  the  Settlements — In- 
dian Troubles — Return  of  the  Miners — First  American   Vessel  Arrives — Settlkments 

Extending  Northward — Poet  Townshend — Arrivals  of  1851  and  '52 — Seattle  Settled - 

Its  Pioneers — Whidby's  Island — On  the  Columbia — On  the  Chehalis — At  the  Cascades. 


Ufp  to  tliis  point  we  have  been  obliged  to 
treat  of  the  history  of  all  the  Pacific 
—  Northwest  as  a  unity.  It  could  not  be 
otherwise.  The  entire  country  was  known  as 
"  Oregon,"  and  all  questions  of  international 
diplomacy  and  negotiation  were  summed  up 
under  the  general  head  of  the  '•  Oregon  ques- 
tion."     Still   they  related    as  much  to  tlie  terri- 


now  included  in   the  State  of  Wash 


ingtc 


as  to  that  included  in  Oregon,  and  in  some 
respects  even  more.  It  was  the  country  lying 
north  of  the  Columbia  river  that  Great  Britain 
really  expected  to  secure  to  herself,  and  although 
her  ambassadors  and  government  contended  for 
all  Oregon,  it  was  only  to  make  sure  of  tliat 
part.  Hence  it  was  necessary  that  we  treated 
the  whole  subject  of  that  controversy  in  this  his- 
torical sketch  of  Washington,  notwithstanding 
the  honored  name  of  that  now  great  State  does 
not  appear  in  this  portion  of  the  history.  In 
treating  this  portion  of  her  history  we  have 
thought  it  best  to  carry  forward  the  story  of 
logically  related  events  beyond  their  order  chron- 
ologically. Our  former  pages  have  conducted 
our  readers  to  the  full  instatement  of  a  Terri- 
torial government  over  the  whole  region  known  as 
Oregon  up  to  1853, — an  event  that  superseded 
the  old  orders  of  personal  and  irresponsible 
action  as  also  of  that  temporary  government 
calle<l  the  ■'  Pi-ovisional."   Aftei-  the  date  reached. 


in  our  last  chapter,  1851,  little  or  nothing  oc- 
curred of  such  general  historical  interest,  or 
that  so  largely  influenced  the  destiny  of  the 
country  that  we  need  to  consume  space  in  re- 
cording it.  We  therefore  turn  to  the  story  of  that 
specific  region  now  included  in  the  State  of 
Washington. 

American  history  fairly  begun  on  Puget  Sound 
just  a  decade  after  it  began  in  the  Willamette 
valley.  It  was  on  this  wise.  As  the  controver- 
sy concerning  the  ownersliip  of  Oregon  opened 
to  the  minds  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  it  became  probable  to  Dr.  Mc- 
Loughlin  and  his  associates  that  Great  Britain 
would  not  be  able  to  vindicate  her  pretensions 
to  the  country  south  of  the  Columbia,  but  they 
hoped  a  compromise  would  be  made  on  the  line 
of  that  river  as  the  boundary  between  the  two 
countries.  With  this  hope  they  discouraged 
all  American  settlement  north  of  it,  and  it  was 
not  until  the  winter  of  1844  and  1845  that  any 
attempt  was  n)ade  to  carry  American  occupancy 
to  the  shores  of  Puget  Sound.  The  leader  of 
this  attempt  was  Michael  T.  Simmons,  an  em- 
migrant  of  1844,  who  had  remained  at  Fort 
Vancouver  during  the  winter  following  his  ar- 
rival in  the  country.  It  was  doulitless  his  resi- 
dence in  the  near  neighborhood  of  these  gentle- 
men, and  his  consequent  information  concerning 
their  views  and  purposes  tlmt  determineil  him  to 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


give  the  emphasis  of  an  actual  American  settle- 
ment to  the  other  claims  of  the  United  States  to 
that  2-egion.  As  this  decision  of  Mr.  Simmons 
made  his  name  historic,  as,  par  excellence,  the 
pioneer  of  Washington,  it  is  suitable  that  we 
introduce  him  more  ceremoniously  to  our 
readers. 

Mr.  Simmons  was  a  stalwart  Kentuckian,  horn 
in  1814,  and  inheriting  the  splendid  physique 
and  indomitable  purpose  and  courage  that  have 
made  Kentuckians  so  famous.  Just  past  thirty 
when  he  reached  the  Pacific  Coast,  he  was  in  the 
morning  of  his  best  powers  and  life.  Independ- 
ent, courageous,  intensely  American,  what  the 
Hudson's  Bay  people  desired  him  not  to  do  was 
the  very  thing  that  he  would  be  most  certain  to 
perform.  He  therefore  abandoned  his  previous 
purpose  to  settle  in  Southern  Oregon,  where  they 
desired  him  to  go,  and  resolved  to  go  northward, 
where  they  desired  him  not  to  go,  and  see  what 
it  was  in  that  region  that  was  so  enticing  to 
British  cupidity.  Accordingly,  in  the  winter  of 
1844  and  1845,  with  five  companions,  he  at- 
tempted to  penetrate  the  hundred  miles  of  wil- 
derness that  lay  between  the  Columbia  river  and 
Puget  Sound.  The  company  found  the  season 
too  nnpropitious  for  the  exploration  of  such 
continuous  and  gigantic  forests,  and,  after  as- 
cending the  Cowlitz  river  about  fifty  miles  they 
returned  to  Fort  Vancouver.  Yet  his  purpose 
was  not  abandoned,  but  only  postponed.  In 
July,  with  eight  companions,  he  again  set  out, 
and  finally  reached  Puget  Sound  under  the  guid- 
ance of  Mr.  Peter  Border.  He  performed  a 
canoe  voyage  as  far  as  Whidby's  Island,  explor- 
ing different  parts  of  the  shore  on  his  way,  and 
fully  satisfied  himself  of  the  commercial  value 
of  the  country.  Keturning,  he  selected  a 
picturesque  spot  at  the  head  of  Bndd's  Inlet,  the 
most  southern  extension  of  the  waters  of  the 
Sound,  at  the  Falls  of  Des  Chutes  river,  as  the 
site  for  his  future  home,  and  the  first  American 
settlement  north  of  the  Columbia.  He  then 
returned  to  Vancouver,  and  in  October,  accom- 
panied by  Messrs.  James  McAllister,  David 
Kindred,  Gabriel   Jones,  George  W.  Bush  and 


their  families,  and  S.  B.  Crockett  and  Jesse  Fer- 
guson, two  single  men,  found  his  way  back 
again  to  the  place  selected  for  their  settlement. 
These  seven  were  the  first  Americans  to  per- 
manently locate  on  Puget  Sound,  and  they  be- 
long to  history  as  the  pioneers  of  "Washington. 

This  first  settlement  occupied  a  radius  of 
about  six  miles  about  the  head  of  Budd's  Inlet, 
and  but  a  little  south  of  where  Olympia,  the 
present  capital  of  the  State,  now  is.  It  was 
also  not  many  miles  from  Nisqually,  the  head- 
quarters of  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  (company  in  that 
_  region,  from  which  company,  by  order  of  Dr. 
McLoughlin,  they  received  considerable  mer- 
cantile favors,  never,  however,  to  the  detriment 
of  the  company.  Thus,  nine  years  after  the  first 
American  families  had  effected  a  settlement 
south  of  the  Columbia,  these  people  had  per- 
formed the  same  patriotic  office  for  the  region 
of  Puget  Sound. 

'No  one  entering  this  region  at  the  present 
time  can  form  any  idea  of  the  difficulty  attend- 
ing the  enterprise  of  these  people.  The  forests 
of  the  country  were  almost  injpenetrable,  and 
they  covered  nearly  all  its  face.  To  open  a 
trail  from  the  Cowlitz  river  northward  was  the 
hard  work  of  weeks,  and  then  to  make  such  an 
inroad  upon  the  forests  as  to  give  any  hope  of 
future  support  for  their  families  was  a  task  that 
only  brave  and  manly  men  would  dare  to  under- 
take. But  empire  and  destiny  were  in  these 
men's  hands  and  hearts,  and  they  were  equal  to 
the  work  they  had  undertaken.  But,  as  we 
think  of  it  now,  after  fifty  years,  we  wonder  how 
these  seven  men,  isolated  150  miles  from  any 
who  could  aid  them,  and  surrounded  liy  the 
savages  of  Puget  Sound,  who  were  watching 
with  evil  eye  the  inroads  of  the  whites,  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  themselves  and  their 
families  in  this  then  most  inhospitable  region. 
That  they  did  marks  them  as  heroes. 

The  year  1846  passed  with  only  small  addi- 
tions to  the  little  settlements.  About  the  same 
number  of  men,  but  not  so  many  families,  were 
added  to  their  number.  Among  them  were  Mr. 
Edmund  Sylvester,  who  selected  tiie  laud  claim 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


143 


on  which  Olympia  now  stands,  Mr.  A.  B.  Rob- 
bison,  and  Mr.  S.  S.  Ford,  who  became  perma- 
nently associated  with  the  future  development 
of  tlie  country. 

There  was-  scarcely  more  progress  to  settle- 
ment in  1847  than  in  1846,  but  the  few  who 
canie  were  of  the  same  sterling  stuff  as  those 
who  had  preceded  tliem,  and  added  much  to 
the  moral  and  intellectual  fibre  of  the  infant 
settlement.  The  Davises,  the  Packwoods,  the 
Chambers,  were  of  this  number,  and  these 
names  are  honorably  fixed  in  the  history  of 
Washington.  This  year  was  also  signalized  by 
the  erection  of  a  sawmill  at  the  falls  of  the 
Des  Chutes,  since  called  Tumwater,  on  the 
land  claim  of  M.  T.  Simmons.  A  small  flour- 
ing mill  had  before  been  erected  at  the  same 
place,  with  buhrs  hewn  out  of  some  granite 
rocks  found  on  theljeachof  Budd's  Inlet,  which 
afforded  some  unbolted  flour  as  a  change  from 
boiled  wheat  for  bread.  During  the  autumn  of 
this  year  the  Whitman  massacre  occurred  at 
AVaiiletpu,  near  Fort  Walla  Walla,  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  present  State  of  Washington,  an 
account  of  which  is  given  elsewhere.  Its  cir- 
cumstances of  atrocity  sent  a  tremor  through 
all  the  infant  settlements  of  the  territory,  and 
awakened  the  most  fearful  apprehensions  for 
their  own  fate. 

The  following  year,  1848,  a  few  immigrants 
settled  along  the  Cowlitz  river  and  on  Cowlitz 
prairie,  on  the  middle  part  of  that  stream. 
Thomas  W.  Glasgow  also  explored  the  shores 
of  Puget  Sound  as  far  north  as  Whidby  Island, 
where  he  took  a  land  claim  and  began  farming 
on  a  small  scale,  where  he  was  joined  by  a  few 
other  settlers  l>efiii-e  the  summer  was  over.  But 
they  were  not  permitted  to  remain.  The  In- 
dians of  that  part  of  the  sound  held  a  general 
council  on  the  island,  at  the  instigation  of  Pat- 
kanim,  chief  of  the  Snoqualimies,  and  the  coun- 
cil decided  against  allowing  the  Americans  to 
settle  in  their  country.  Glasgow  was  compelled 
to  quit  the  island,  escaping  with  difficulty  by 
the  aid  of  a  friendly  Indian  from  Budd's  Inlet, 
leaving    liehind    him    all    his    property.     This 


closed  for  a  time  all  attempts  to  effect  a  settle- 
ment on  Whidby's  island,  and  soon  after  an 
event  occurred  which  changed  all  the  currents 
of  thought  and  action,  north  as  well  as  south 
of  the  Columbia.  That  event  was  the  discovery 
of  gold  in  California,  the  news  of  which  seemed 
borne  on  the  wind  from  the  Sacramento  to 
Puget's  Sound,  and  startled  every  man  from 
the  sober  plodding  of  careful  industry  to  the 
excited  daring  of  adventure  and  speculation. 
Nearly  every  man  set  off  at  once  for  the  gold 
fields  of  the  South,  leaving  their  families  and 
possessions  in  the  isolation  of  the  wilderness, 
and  exposed  to  the  dangers  of  Indian  barbarity. 

Though  the  distance  from  these  settlements 
to  the  gold  fields  was  not  much  greater  than 
from  the  Willamette  valley,  the  difficulty  of 
reaching  them  was  more  than  doubled.  Indeed 
it  was  more  difficult  to  pass  over  the  150  miles 
between  the  head  of  Puget  Sound  and  the 
prairies  of  the  Willamette  valley  than  to  make 
all  the  journey  thence  to  the  Sacramento.  But 
all  difficulties  and  dangers  can  be  braved  for 
gold;  and  certainly  the  men  who  had  made  the 
2,000  miles  journey  from  Tennessee  or  Ken- 
tucky or  Illinois  to  the  shores  of  Puget  Sound 
would  not  hesitate  to  undertake  the  600  miles 
pilgrimage  down  the  southward  valleys  and 
over  the  intervening  mountains  to  where  they 
expected,  to  find  the  gold  rolling  down  the 
channels  of  the  streams  or  mixed  with  the  sand 
on  every  hillside. 

This  exodiis  of  the  adult  male  population  fo'' 
the  gold  fields  had  a  very  depressing  effect  on  the 
present  prosperity  of  the  country  north  of  the 
Columbia,  inasmuch  as  it  left  none  to  clear  the 
ground,  or  to  sow  and  reap  a  harvest.  All  in- 
dustries were  suspended  and  the  people  who  re- 
mained, mostly  women  and  children,  had  noth- 
ing to  do  but  to  wait  the  return  of  the  gold- 
hunters,  whether  they  came  back  with  the 
golden  fleece  or  not.  But  while  their  absence 
was  an  apparent  loss,  in  the  outcome  of  things 
it  was  a  great  benefit  to  the  feeble  and  strug- 
gling settlements,  for,  on  their  return  at  the  end 
of  two  years,  they  introduceil    an   era   of    pros- 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


perity  that  a  score  of  years  would  hardly  have 
secured  under  the  conditions  existing  pre- 
viously. Tlie  discdvery  of  gold  had  turned  the 
attention  of  the  whole  world  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  the  tide  of  population  that  rolled  over  the 
plains  of  California  could  not  fail  to  send  its 
hujiian  spray  over  the  shores  of  Puget  Sound  as 
well.  So,  in  a  reflex  way,  the  whole  coast  felt 
the  movement  of  a  new  life,  and  three  or  four 
years  accomplished  what  a  quarter  of  a  ceutiiry 
might  have  failed  otherwise  to  secure. 

But  the  period  from  1848  to  1851  was  a  time 
of  special  peril  to  the  scattered  families  north 
of  the  Columbia.  The  Indians  of  the  lower 
sound  threatened  the  extermination  of  the 
settlements,  and  even  attacked  the  Hudson's 
Bay  post  at  INisqiially,  with  tlie  intention  of 
securing,  by  its  capture,  ammunition  with  which 
to  carry  on  a  war  of  extermination  against  the 
whites.  This  movement  was  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Patkanim,  chief  of  the  Suoqualmies,  a 
man  of  great  influence  among  the  neighboring 
tribes.  Their  attempt  was  a  failure,  however, 
but  still,  so  determined  were  the  Indians  on 
driving  the  whites  out  of  the  country  that  Pat- 
kanim sent  word  to  them  that  they  would  be 
permitted  to  leave  unmolested  personally  by 
leaving  all  their  property.  The  whites  answered 
this  threat  of  Patkanim  with  defiance,  assuring 
him  that  they  liad  come  to  stay.  They  imme- 
diately erected  blockhouses  at  Tumwater  and 
at  several  other  places  and  prepared  to  defend 
themselves  from  Indian  attacks.  Added  to  their 
own  readiness  to  meet  the  attacks  of  Patkanim 
and  those  who  sympathized  with  him,  the  In- 
dian^about  the  head  of  the  sound  were  friendly 
and  assured  the  whites  of  their  sympathy  and 
help.  Meantime  the  decisive  measures  of  Gov- 
ernor Lane,  who  had  arrived  at  Oregon  City  in 
March,  and  the  erection  of  Fort  Steilacoom  in 
July,  convinced  Patkanim  and  his  adherents 
that  a  war  with  the  whites  would  be  a  disaster 
to  themselves,  and  their  plans  and  purposes 
were  abandoned.  This  auspicious  result  of  the 
first  serious  threat  of  an  Indian  war  on  the 
Sound,  occurring  as  it  did  when  the  people  were 


so  comparatively  defenceless,  gave  the  whites 
confidence,  and  to  a  proportionate  extent  made 
the  Indians  more  careful  and  friendly  for  some 
years  to  come. 

The  year  1849  saw  but  very  little  increase  in 
tlie  population  of  thecountry.  California  was  still 
the  Mecca  of  the  wealth-seekers  of  the  coast,  and 
nothing  but  the  fact  that  so  many  who  had  left 
their  families  in  the  wilds  north  of  the  Colum- 
bia prevented  its  almost  entire  abandonmerR. 
But  after  a  time  the  husbands  and  fathers  whose 
wives  and  children  were  in  the  perilous  loneli- 
ness of  these  northern  wilds  began  to  long  for 
them  again,  and  by  the  opening  of  1850  a  large 
number  of  them  were  back  on  their  claims,  and 
had  resumed  the  usual  vocations  of  home- 
builders,  perhaps  somewhat  richer  in  gold  than 
when  they  had  left,  and  probably  not  appreciat- 
ing less  the  country  that  they  had  chosen  as 
their  home.  The  early  part  of  this  year  was 
signalized  also  by  the  first  attempt  at  commer- 
cial business  beyond  the  little  "  corner  grocery  " 
where  some  aspiring  tradesman  had  provided  a 
few  of  the  barest  necessities  for  the  homes  of 
the  self-denying  frontiersmen.  The  brig 
Orbit  of  Calais,  Maine,  under- the  command  of 
Captain  W.  H.  Dunham,  arrived  in  the  Sound. 
She  was  the  first  American  vessel  that  had 
visited  these  waters  since  the  American  settle- 
ment was  commenced.  She  was  owned  by 
Edmund  Sylvester,  I.  N.  Ebey,  B.  F.  Shead  and 
one  Jackson,  and  had  been  pui-chased  by  them 
in  San  Francisco  from  a  company  of  gold-seek- 
ers who  had  come  in  her  from  Maine  to  the  El- 
dorado of  the  Pacific.  She  was  afterward  pur- 
chased by  M.  T.  Simmons,  freighted  with  piles 
for  San  Francisco  where  her  cargo  was  exchanged 
for  general    merchandise,  and    returned    to  the 


her 


cargo  was 


dischf 


rgec 


1    at 


Sound,  where 
"  Smithfield,"  or,  as  it  was  soon  after  called, 
"  Olympia,"  later  the  capital  of  the  Territory  and 
now  of  the  State  of  Washington.  Mr.  Simmons 
erected  a  small  building  for  a  store  in  which 
were  exposed  for  sale  the  goods  the  Orbit  had 
brought.  She  was  the  beginning  of  American 
commerce  on  Puget  Sound.     At  this  time  there 


FlK^T  HoisE   IN  Ji;ilEK>u.N   CorM'V,  \VaM1I\.,I(IN    ll  kKlIOKY 

Povt  Towiiseml  in  1S51.  by  I'lumnier,  Batclieklei,  l'ettygio\e  and  Hastings 


Port  Townsend,  1893. — Overlooking  the 


fflS'i'ORT    OF    M^ASBlkGTOif. 


145 


were  not  more  than  100  white  inhabitants  in  the 
region  tributary  to  Olyinpia. 

This  initial  stake  of  business  liaving  been 
tlins  successfully  set  at  Olympia,  the  lints  of 
settlement  began  to  exteud  from  it  in  every 
direction.  Steilacoom,  occupying  a  point  on 
the  sound  below  Olympia,  and  abreast  of  the 
Nisqually  plains,  was  settled  and  a  large  busi- 
ness house  erected  there.  Port  Townshend  was 
settled  by  H.  C.  Wilson.  I.  N.  Ebey  late  in 
the  fall  occupied  the  claim  on  Whidby's  Island 
from  which  Glasgow  had  been  driven  by  the 
hostilities  of  Patkanim,  and  R.  11.  Lansdale  took 
a  claim  at  the  head  of  Penn's  Cove.  These 
were  among  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  who  es- 
tablished themselves  about  the  lower  portion  of 
the  Sound:  but  they  were  soon  followed  by 
Pettygrove  and  Hastings.  A  town  was  laid  out 
on  the  west  side  of  Port  Townsliend  Bay,  called 
after  the  bay  itself,  Port  Townshend,  and  so  the 
year  1850  closed,  having  registered  a  somewhat 
substantial  advancement  in  the  country  of  Puget 
Sound.  Still  the  settlements  were  only  a 
frayed  and  fretted  fringe  of  whites  on  the  edge 
of  the  dark  forests,  and  darker  humanity,  of  the 
vast  region  encompassing  the  waters  of  that 
great  inland  sea.  But  the  time  had  come  for  a 
more  appreciable  advance. 

With  the  Oregon  immigration  of  1851  there 
were  quite  a  number  of  very  resolute  people 
who  had  already  determined  to  seek  their  for- 
tunes in  this  farthest  west  on  "the  Sound  " — as 
this  country  had  come  to  be  familiarly  called. 
When,  therefore,  that  immigration  reached  Ore- 
gon City  they  were  prepared  to  turn  their  faces 
northward,  and,  following  the  course  of  the  old 
Hudson's  Bay  trail,  seek  homes  and  fortunes 
in  the  great  wilderness  that  girted  these  waters. 
Many  of  them  were  hunting  for  town  sites, — 
places  where  great  cities  were  to  grow  up,  and 
where  they  could  become  wealthy  by  the  easy 
growth  of  the  years.  Others  whose  ambitions 
culminated  in  the  hoped-for  possession  of  some 
spot  of  earth  that  could  be  called  "  home,"  were 
content  to  find  some  rural  vale  or  sheltered  cove 
where  they  could  rear  a  cabin  and   build  around 


wife  and  children  a  sanctuary  of  defence  and  a 
shelter  of  protection.  These  latter  strayed  in- 
land up  the  na'-i'ow  valleys  of  the  little  streams 
that  enter  the  Sound  or  over  the  gravelly  prai- 
ries that  island  the  great  forests,  and  set  them- 
selves down  in  unhistoried  quiet  and  toil.  The 
former  roamed  the  shoi'es  of  the  Sound,  landed 
on  every  "point,"  explored  every  "bay"  and 
"cove,"  discussed  and  dreamed  and  calculated 
all  the  possibilities  they  could  conceive  of  for 
the  future,  staked  off  "claims,"  named  cities, 
and  when  they  had  satisfied  themselves,  as  they 
all  did,  that  they  had  all  the  afterwards  of  the 
greatest  city  of  the  northwest  bounded  by  the 
lines  of  their  "claim,"  sat  down  to  wait  its 
coming. 

Among  these  expectants  of  the  future  of 
course  most  were  fated  to  failure.  But  a  com- 
pany of  enterprising  gentlemer,  in  the  hey-day 
of  young  and  ambitions  life,  who  came  to  the 
Sound  country  in  the  autumn  of  1851  and 
selected  their  "claims"  on  "Elliot  Bay,"  were 
more  fortunate,  if  not  more  far-seeing,  than  the 
other  parties,  and,  because  of  that  fortune,  won 
a  larger  place  in  the  history  of  the  State.  These 
were  Messrs.  C.  C.  Terry,  John  N.  Low  and 
John  C.  Holgate,  who  were  joined  later  by  Ar- 
thur A.  Denny,  I).  T.  Denny,  W.  N.  Bell  and 
C.  T.  Boren.  This  company  mostly  came  from 
Portland  by  water  on  a  schooner,  and  disem- 
barked at  "  Alki  Point"  on  the  13th  of  Novem- 
ber, and  sat  down  in  the  unbroken  waste  of 
woods  on  the  one  hand  and  waters  on  tiie  other, 
in  the  beginning  of  a  long  winter,  without  even 
a  wigwam  to  shelter  women  or  liabes  from  the 
unceasing  rains  and  stormy  winds. 

When  we  think  of  the  contrasts  that  thus 
entered  into  the  lives  of  these  families,  coming, 
as  the  most  of  them  did,  from  the  prairies  of 
the  Wefet  into  this  wilderness,  is  it  any  wonder 
that  the  faces  of  the  wives  and  mothers  became 
sad,  or  that  an  artless  chronicler  of  these  events 
should  say  "the  women  sat  down  and  cried?" 

The  first  "city"  laid  out  on  Elliot  Bay  was 
on  "Alki  Point,"  and  was  called,  very  ambi- 
tiously,  Xew  York.      Piut   the   majority  of    its 


lit  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


people,  after  some  examination  of  the  country, 
and  some  information  from  the  Indians  that 
there  was  a  "pass"  through  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains to  the  Yakima  and  the  great  plains  of  the 
upper  Columbia,  removed  to  the  east  side  of  the 
bay,  and  established  a  rival  city,  on  more  ad- 
vantageous ground,  and  gave  it  the  name  of 
"Seattle." 

This  was  the  name  of  a  chief  of  the  Dwaniish 
tribe  of  Indians,  whose  home  was  in  this  vicin- 
ity, and  who  was  a  personage  who  stood  high  in 
the  estimation  of  the  American  settlers.  The 
name  was  felicitous,  as  it  retained  the  Indian 
nomenclature,  and  perpetuated  the  memory  of 
one  of  tlie  most  dignified  and  honorable  of  the 
Indian  chieftains  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  men  who  thus  became  the  founders  of 
Seattle,  the  largest  and  most  prosperous  of  all 
the  cities  of  Puget  Sound,  were  David  T.  Denny, 
W.  N.  Bell,  Arthur  A.  Denny  and  C.  D.  Boren. 
Connected  with  theui  were  D.  S.  Maynard  and 
Holgate,  who  kept  the  first  trading  house  in  tlie 
new  city.  In  the  autumn  Henry  L.  Yesler 
located  a  sawmill  on  the  water  front.  The  loca- 
tion of  the  city  was  well  chosen,  being  midway 
between  Port  Townsend  at  the  foot  and  Olym- 
pia  at  the  head  of  Puget  Sound,  and  hence  its 
growth  was  steady,  and  in  four  years  it  had  a 
population  of  3U0,  and  was  fairly  launched  on 
its  career  of  history. 

Cotemporaneous  with  the  settlement  of  Seat- 
tle the  settlements  extended  to  New  Dunginess, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Dunginess  river.  In  the 
meantime  Whidby's  Island  was  quite  densely 
populated,  as  it  aflbrded  some  very  beautiful 
prairie,  very  pleasing  to  the  eye  of  the  western 
settler  who  intended  to  construct  a  home.  The 
settlers  on  this  island  were  of  a  very  intelligent 
and  energetic  character,  and  rapidly  made  it  to 
blossom  and  fruit  like  a  garden.  In  1852  the 
settlements  were  extended  to  Bellingham  Bay, 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Sound,  whore  some  of 
the  most  intelligent  and  enterprising  men  of  the 
Territory  settled,  and  entered  into  milling  and 
coalmining  operations.  These,  indeed,  became 
the  speculative  furors  of  all  that  region,  and 


timber  and  coal  prospectors  almost  rivaled  iu 
energy  and  expectations  the  gold  prospectors  of 
California.  Large  milling  companies  were  or- 
ganized and  immense  sawmills  were  erected  at 
Ports  Ludlow,  Gamble,  Madison,  Orchard  and 
Blakely. 

During  the  time  of  the  establishment  of  these 
settlements  in  the  Puget  Sound  region,  the 
country  adjacent  to  and  north  of  the  Columbia 
from  the  Cascade  mountains  to  the  mouth  of 
the  river  was  steadily  though  slowly  improving. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Vancouver,  on  Lewis  river,  on 
the  Cowlitz  and  about  Baker's  Bay  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  quite  a  number  of  fam- 
ilies had  selected  homes  for  themselves.  Among 
them  was  Columbia  Lancaster,  at  one  time  under 
the  Provisional  Government  supreme  judge 
of  Oregon,  and  for  a  whole  generation  was 
one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  Washington. 
An  effort  was  made  to  build  a  city  on  Baker's 
Bay,  which  should  become  the  commercial 
entrepot  of  the  whole  Columbia  region.  The 
embryonic  town  was  called  Pacific  City,  but  its 
brief  existence  of  a  year  or  two  was  on  paper 
and  in  the  imagination  of  its  "founders"  only. 
From  Baker's  Bay  some  settlers  found  their  way 
to  Shoalwater  Bay,  on  the  northward  coast, 
where  an  oyster  fishing  community  was  built 
up,  which  has  continued  with  alternating  for- 
tune until  the  present  time.  The  enterprising 
immigrant  sought  out  every  nook  on  coast  and 
river  that  offered  the  least  chance  for  a  futiire 
town.  So,  as  early  as  1851,  the  valley  of  the 
lower  Chehalis  and  the  region  of  Gray's  Har- 
bor about  the  month  of  that  stream  were  visited, 
and  "Chehalis  City"  was  laid  out  by  John 
Butler,  but  it  scarcely  reached  beyond  the 
dignity  of  a  plat  on  paper.  Still  the  settle- 
ments gradually  extended  up  the  valley  of  the 
lower  Chehalis  until  they  reached  those  of  the 
upper  valley  of  the  same  stream  not  far  from 
the  settlements  on  the  Cowlitz  Prairie,  where 
the  Hudson's  Bay  farms  were  located,  and  where 
in  1850  E.  D.  Warbass  had  laid  out  a  town  and 
established  a  trading  post. 


BiSTOMT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Ut 


Auotlier  settlement  tliat,  in  later  times,  figured 
quite  conspicuously  in  the  Indian  wars  of  the 
Territory,  grew  up  contemporaneonslj  witli 
these  on  the  north  side  of  the  Colninbia  at  the 
"  Cascades,"  where  quite  a  number  of  men, 
prominent  in  the  after  history  of  the  northwest 
coast,  had  settled  as  early  as  1850.  Among 
tliem  were  the  Bradfords,  L.  A.  Chenoweth,  L. 
W.  Coe,  and  B.  B.  Bishop.  Thus  when  1852 
was  closing,  the  settlement  in  Northern  Oregon, 
as  it  was  then  called,  extended,  though  sparsely, 


from  the  Columbia  river  on  the  south  to  British 
Columbia  on  the  north,  and  from  the  coast  of 
the  Pacific  to  the  Cascade  mountains  eastward, 
and  it  had  within  its  borders  the  rising  towns 
of  Vancouver,  Olympia,  Steilacoom,  Seattle, 
and  Port  Townshend.  JSone  of  these,  at  this 
time,  probably  exceeded  a  population  of  500 
souls.  The  entire  population  in  the  region 
north  of  the  Columbia  at  the  close  of  1853  did 
not  exceed  3,000. 


CHAPTER  XYI. 

SEPARATE  POLITICAL  EXISTENCE. 
General  Uesiee  for  it— First  Public  Meeting  to  Promote  it — Prs  Action — Indifference  of  Con- 
gress— Convention  at  Monticello — Aotfon  of  Oregon  Legislature — Course  of  General 
Lane — Congress  Institutes  the  Territory  of  Washington — Officers  Appointed — Eegion 
Included  within  it — Isolation  of  the  Region — Means  Taken  to  Relieve  it — Condition  of 
THE  Territory  in  General. 


THE  purpose  of  a  political  existence  sepa- 
rate from  Oregon  was  from  the  first  very 
cleai'ly  defined  in  the  minds  of  all  the 
men  who  had  led  the  emigration  north  of 
the  Columbia.  Its  ultimate  necessity  was  just 
as  clearly  conceded  by  those  who  remained  south 
of  that  stream.  It  was  a  subject  constantly  in 
the  minds  of  both  sections,  and  it,  therefore, 
caused  no  surprise  when  active  movements 
were  begun  looking  in  that  direction.  The  first 
of  these  occurred  on  the  dth  of  July,  1851, 
when  the  Americans  about  the  head  of  Puget 
Sound  met  at  Olynipia  to  celebrate  that  day. 
The  orator  of  the  day,  Mr.  J.  B.  Chapman,  made 
the  "Future  State  of  Columbia"  his  special 
theme,  and  greatly  delighted  his  hearers  by  his 
enthusiasm  on  that  subject.  At  the  close  of  the 
general  program  for  the  celebration  a  meeting 
was  organized  to  promote  this  purpose,  which 
was  addressed  by  several  of  the  leading  gentle- 
men of  that  region,  and  a  committee  on  resolu- 
tions was  appointed,  consisting  of  Ebey,  Golds- 
borough,  Wilson,  Chapman,  Simmons,  Cham- 
bers and  Crockett.     This  committee    presented 


resolutions    I'ecommending  a 
presentatives    from     all    the 


convention  of  re- 
election districts 
north  of  the  Columbia  to  tie  held  at  Cowlitz 
Landing  "to  take  into  careful  consideration  the 
peculiar  position  of  the  northern  portion  of  the 
Territory,  its  wants,  the  best  method  of  supply- 
ing those  wants,  and  propriety  of  an  early  appeal 
to  Congress  for  a  division  of  the  Territory." 
This  action  of  the  meeting  at  Olympia  was 
promptly  responded  to  in  parts  of  the  designated 
territory  about  Puget  Sound,  and  delegates, 
according  to  this  resolve,  were  elected. 

The  convention  met  on  the  day  appointed, 
and,  in  its  twenty-six  delegates,  held  the  most 
representative  men  of  the  then  infant  common- 
wealth. It  adopted  a  memorial  to  Congress  on 
the  subject  of  division;  a  i-esolution  of  instruc- 
tion to  the  Oregon  delegate  in  accordance  with 
the  memorial;  a  petition  to  Congress  for  a  Ter- 
ritorial road  from  some  point  on  Puget  Sound 
over  the  Cascade  mountains  to  Walla  Walla, and 
a  plank  road  from  the  Sound  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Cowlitz,  and  also  asked  that  the  benefits  of 
the  Oregon  land  law  should  be  extended  to  the 


148 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


new  Territory,  shoald  their  prayers  for  a  divis- 
ion be  granted.  It  also  defined  tlie  boundaries 
of  twelve  counties,  all  west  of  tiie  Cascade 
mountains.  This  work  done,  the  convention 
adjourned  to  meet  on  tlie  2d  day  of  May  fol- 
lowing, awaiting  the  intervening  action  of  Con- 
gress on  their  requests.  Tiie  convention  re- 
solved that,  on  its  second  meeting,  if  Congress 
had  not  meantime  favorably  considered  its  re- 
quest, it  would  proceed  to  the  formation  of  a 
constitution,  and  ask  admission  into  the  Union 
as  a  State. 

Congress,  however,  took  no  action  on  the 
matters  contained  in  tiie  memorials  and  prayei-s 
of  theconvention,  and,  before  the  time  appointed 
for  the  reassembling  of  the  convention  the 
enthusiasm  for  an  immediate  separation  from 
Oregon  had  so  far  died  away  that  the  body  never 
came  together  again.  Still  the  subject  was  not 
forgotten,  and  as  a  means  of  keeping  it  before 
the  people  a  weekly  newspaper,  called  The  Co- 
lumbian, was  established  at  Olympia,  and 
published  its  first  number  on  the  11th  day  of 
September,  1852.  Under  its  lead  another  con- 
vention was  planned  for  the  25th  of  October, 
1852,  to  meet  at  Monticello,  on  the  Cowlitz 
river,  near  its  mouth,  and  in  the  e.xtreme  south- 
ern limits  of  the  intended  new  territory.  This 
convention  consisted  of  forty-four  of  the  most 
influential  citizens  of  Thurston  and  Lewis  coun- 
ties, as  then  organized,  and  its  action  was  in 
harmony  with  the  action  of  the  previous  con- 
vention. It  set  forth,  in  its  memorial  to  Con- 
gress, most  cogent  reasons  for  the  establishment 
of  the  new  Territory.  The  memorial  was  for- 
warded to  General  Lane,  their  delegate  in  Con- 
gress from  Oregon,  and  the  proceedings  of  the 
convention  were  published  in  all  the  newspapers 
of  Oregon. 

Ten  days  after  the  Monticello  convention  the 
Oregon  Legislature  met.  The  action  of  the 
convention  was  not  only  not  opposed,  but  was 
approved  by  the  members  from  the  counties 
south  of  the  Columbia  river,  and  in  all  respects 
the  legislature  was  favorable  to  the  desires  of 
the  people  north  of  the  river.     A   memorial  t9 


Congress,  introduced  by  Ebey,  asking  the  erec- 
tion of  the  new  Territory  passed  without  oppo- 
sition, and  other  legislative  action  favorable  to 
the  country  north  of  the  Columbia  was  passed 
with  vei-y  cordial  unanimity.  The  only  subject 
of  debate  was  on  the  dividing  line,  one  party 
desiring  it  to  run  east  and  west  along  the  Colum- 
bia and  the  46th  parallel  to  the  Rocky  mountains, 
and  the  other  that  it  should  run  north  and  south 
along  the  summitof  the  Cascade  mountains,  thiis 
putting  Oregon  Territory  west  and  Columbia 
east  of  that  range.  There  was  some  sympathy 
with  this  view  among  the  people  residing  immedi- 
ately along  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia 
river,  as  their  commercial  and  social  relations 
were  more  intimately  connected  with  those  of 
Portland,  which  was  already  the  largest  city  of 
the  northwest  coast,  than  with  those  of  Fuget 
Sound,  from  which  they  were  separated  by  a 
hundred  miles  of  very  rugged  wilderness.  But 
on  the  whole  it  had  feeble  support,  and  Mr. 
Ebey's  memorial  passed  without  opposition  on 
the  final  vote. 

So,  in  harmony  with  the  general  sentiment  of 
the  Territory,  both  north  and  south,  was  the 
action  of  the  convention,  and  the  subsequent 
action  of  the  legislature,  that  the  Oregon  dele- 
gate in  Congress,  General  Lane,  who  was  ever 
quick  to  catch  the  drift  of  popular  feeling  and 
put  his  own  action  in  accord  with  it,  had  intro- 
duced the  measure  into  ('ongress  immediately 
on  the  receipt  of  the  memorial  of  the  Monticello 
convention.  He  presented  it  to  the  House  by  a 
resolution  instructing  the  Committee  on  Terri- 
tories to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  the 
measure.  This  resolution  was  adopted,  and  the 
committee  prepared  a  bill  in  harmony  with  the 
memorial  of  the  convention  and  reported  it  to 
the  House.  On  the  8th  of  February,  1853,  that 
body  proceeded  to  its  consideration.  On  the 
10th  the  vote  was  taken  on  the  bill,  it  having 
been  previously  amended  by  substituting 
"  Washington"  for  "  Columbia"  as  the  name  of 
the  new  Territory,  and  was  adopted  by  the  very 
decisive  vote  of  128  to  29.  On  the  2d  day  of 
March  it   passed  the   Senate,  and  the  presiden|. 


HI8T0RT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


affixed  his  signature  the  same  day,  and  thus  that 
particular  region  of  country  that  had  contribu- 
ted the  real  bone  of  contention  between  the 
Uflited  States  and  Great  Britain  for  so  many 
years,  and  for  the  possession  of  which  the  bold 
and  brave  pioneers  from  the  Cumberland  and 
Ohio  bad  dared  and  done  so  much,  was  not  only 
certified  by  treaty  to  the  American  repnblic,  but 
was  also  certified  to  history  as  one  of  the  "Ijright, 
particnlar  stars"  in  the  coiisteiiation  of  the 
American   Union. 


While 


events    were   occur 


mg 


the 


national  capital,  the  people  who  were  most  es- 
pecially interested  were  in  anxious  waiting.  So 
slow  and  difiicult  were  the  means  of  communi- 
cation between  the  East  and  the  West  at  that 
time  that  it  was  not  until  near  the  last  of 
April  that  information  of  the  passage  of  the 
act  of  Congress  reached  them,  and  not  until 
the  middle  of  May  that  intelligence  of  the 
appointment  of  officers  for  the  new  Territory 
arrived.  Then  it  became  known  that  Isaac 
Ingall  Stevens,  of  Massachusetts,  had  been  ap- 
pointed Governor,  C  H.  Mason,  of  Rhode  Island, 
Secretary,  Edward  Lander,  of  Indiana,  Chief 
Justice,  John  R.  Miller,  of  Ohio,  and  Victor 
Monroe,  of  Kentucky,  Associate  Justice,  and 
J.  S.  Clendenin,  of  Louisiana,  United  States 
District  Attoi-ney.  Miller  did  not  accept,  and 
O.  B.  McFadden,  of  Oregon,  was  appointed  in 
his  stead.  J.  Patton  Anderson,  of  Mississippi, 
was  appointed  United  States  Marshal,  and  di- 
rected to  take  the  census.  The  marshal  was 
the  first  of  the  Federal  officers  to  reach  the  Ter- 
j'itory.  The  others  arrived  at  different  dates 
until  about  the  last  of  November,  when  Gover- 
nor Stevens  arrived  at  Olympia  and  issued  his 
proclamation  organizing  the  government  of  the 
Territory.  Awaiting  the  active  movement  of 
the  wheels  of  the  government,  it  is  p)-oper  that 
we  now  pause  and  take  some  survey  of  the  con- 
ditions of  the  nascent  commonwealth. 

The  region  thus  erected  into  a  Territory  con- 
sisted of  the  counties  of  Clarke,  Lewis,  Pacific, 
Thurston,  Pierce,  King,  Jefferson  and  Island. 
Clarke  and  Pacific   were   the  southernmost,  ly- 


ing along  the  Columbia  river  and  the  coast  of 
the  Pacific  immediately  nortli  of  the  moutli  of 
the  river.  Between  Clarke  and  the  counties 
that  touched  the  waters  of  the  Sound  was  Lewis; 
and  the  four  others  lay  upon  tiie  waters  of  that 
inland  sea.  Clarke  was  the  most  populous 
county,  with  a  total  population  of  1,134,  accord- 
ing to  the  census  completed  in  the  autumn  of 
1852,  while  Pacific  was  the  smallest,  listing 
oidy  152  people.  The  total  white  population 
of  the  Territory  at  this  time  was  only  3,965,^ 
confessedly  a  small  number  to  take  upon  them- 
selves the  responsibility  of  a  separate  political 
existence.  The  physical  character  of  the  coun- 
try precluded  rapid  settlement.  West  of  the 
Cascade  mountains,  to  which  portion  the  settle- 
ments were  as  yet  confined,  the  country  was  al- 
most entirely  very  densely  and  heavily  timbered 
and  offered  few  inducements  for  agricultural 
employments.  Its  vast  and  stately  forest,  un- 
rivaled in  America,  charmed  the  eye  of  the 
lumberman,  while  its  coal  measures  awakened 
the  interest  of  the  miners;  but  the  people  to  use 
these  productions  were  so  few  that  thej  offered 
no  immediate  hope  of  rfemunerative  mai-kets  for 
them.  As  yet  there  was  little  call  for  exporta- 
tion and  hence  these  possil)le  industries  lan- 
guished. Rich  as  the  country  was  in  the  ma- 
terials for  making  wealth,  at  this  time  it  was 
poor  in  present  possessions.  It  had  no  high- 
ways. Rough  and  rugged  trails  tiirough  the 
deep  forests  connected  widely  separated  settle- 
ments, while  the  "towns"  on  the  Sonnd  had  no 
means  of  communication  with  each  other  but 
the  canoe  or  the  "  plunger,"  or  perchance  an 
occassional  small  steamboat.  The  people  were  a 
marvel  of  will,  and  of  that  peculiar  only  quality 
denominated  "pluck,"  but  they  could  manifest 
that  quality  by  waiting  for  a  good  time  coming, 
— when  no  one  knew,  but  that  it  would  come 
all  men  believed,  and  so  they  waited  with  a 
courage  that  was  truly  sublime. 

One  of  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  inducing 
immigration  was  the  fact  that  there  was  no  road 
connecting  the  waters  of  Puget  Sound  with  the 
open  country   east   of  the   Cascade    mountains, 


HISTORY    OF     WA8BINGT0N. 


Dor,  for  that  matter,  with  the  Cohinibia  river 
and  the  Willamette  valley  on  the  south.  Canoes 
on  such  rapid  and  dangerous  streams  as  the 
Cowlitz,  and  rough  pack  trails  through  un- 
broken forests,  presented  little  inducement  for 
travel  and  were  really  a  terror  to  mnltitudes 
who  would  gladly  else  have  sought  homes  along 
the  shores  of  the  Sound.  But  the  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  of  mountains  lying  to  the  eastward, 
wliose  crests  cnlminated  in  the  eternal  snows 
of  Mount  Eanier,  Mount  Baker  and  Mount 
Adams,  were  a  still  more  terrible  obstacle  even 
than  the  canoes  and  trails  to  the  southward.  But 
a  people  like  those  who  had  ali-eady  penetrated 
this  wilderness,  and  boldly  assumed  the  burdens 
of  self-government  would  not  be  long  in  opening 
some  more  feasible  way  of  ingress  and  egress, 
and  thus  secure  a  larger  share  of  the  emigration 
that  was  still  pouring  westward  over  the  interior 
plains.  To  do  this  a  way  must  be  opened  pass- 
able for  wagons;  for  the  empire  on  the  Pacific 
coast  came  in  the  immigrant's  wagon.  Accord- 
ingly plans  were  laid  to  open  a  wagon  road  over 
the  Cascade  mountains  from  the  vicinity  of 
Nisqually  to  the  head  of,  the  Yakima  river  and 
then  down  that  stream  to  old  Fort  Walla  Walla, 
and  thence  to  an  intersection  with  the  Oregon 
road  at  the  western  foot  of  the  Blue  mountains. 
As  early  as  1850  some  measures  were  taken, 
and  some  work  done  towards  this  end,  but  it 
was  not  until  the  spring  of  185B  that  measures 
sufiiciently  effective  were  taken  to  secure  the 
desired  result.  During  the  summer  of  that 
year  the  way  was  opened  so  as  to  permit  the 
passage  of  wagons,  and  over  it  thirty-five  wag- 
ons reached  the  shores  of  the  Sound  in  the 
autumn  of  that  year.  The  completion  of  this 
enterprise,  even  so  far  as  to  permit  the  passage 
of  wagons  at  all,  was  a  great  point  gained  in  the 
morale  of  settlement,  and  henceforward  the  peo- 
ple on  the  Sound  had  a  less  oppressive  sense  of 
isolation  than  before. 

The  immigration  that  reached  the  Territory 
in  this  way,  though  not  numbering  more  than 
two  hundred  persons,  was  of  very  sterling  stuff 
and  contributed  very  greatly  to    the  prosperity 


of  the  country.  They  marked  the  line  of  fut- 
ure travel,  and  were  but  a  prophecy  of  the  day, 
not  so  very  far  distant,  when  the  iron  track 
should  follow  the  trail  of  the  ox  hoof,  and  the 
palace  coaches  of  the  Northern  Pacific  should 
whirl  in  a  few  hours  over  the  very  path  they 
were  weeks  in  traversing.  This  immigration  set- 
tled the  valley  of  White  river  and  that  of  the 
PuyuUup,  and  scattered  southward  of  Olympia 
over  the  "  Grand  Mound  "  prairies,  but  their 
settlements  were  so  sparse  that  on  the  occur- 
rence of  Indian  hostilities  a  year  or  two  later, 
an  account  of  which  will  be  given  elsewhere, 
they  were  compelled  to  abandon  their  claims 
for  some  years. 

Such  were  the  physical  conditions  of  the  new 
Territory  as  the  summer  of  its  natal  year  drew 
to  a  close.  Intellectually  and  morally  the  con- 
ditions were  not  more  favorable.  No  system 
of  public  education  had  been  established.  While 
the  emigrants  that  settled  Washington  were  ex- 
ceptionally intelligent,  for  obvious  reasons  the 
only  schools  that  could  be  established  were  pri- 
vate ones,  as  few  or  no  school  districts  could  be 
yet  organized. 

There  were  as  yet  no  church  edifices,  and  no 
church  organizations,  if  we  except  the  Indian 
mission  of  the  Roman  Catholics  near  Olympia, 
and  at  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  post  at  Nisqually,  in 
the  Puget  Sound  region.  At  Vancouver,  on 
the  Columbia  river  side  of  the  Territory,  it  was 
somewhat  different,  as  here  both  the  Roman 
Catholics  and  the  Methodists  had  been  engaged 
in  missionary  work  more  or  less  steadily  for 
nearly  twenty  years  in  connection  with  their 
wider  work  south  of  the  Columbia.  Among 
tlie  emigrants  had  conie  to  the  Territory  quite  a 
number  of  ministers  of  various  denominations, 
who  held  religious  services  in  most  of  the  small 
communities,  and  were  counted  among  the  most 
intelligent,  industrious  and  enterprising  of  the 
people.  Such  was  the  condition  of  the  new 
Territory  when  its  newly  appointed  governor,  I. 
I.  Stevens,  arrived  at  Olympia  late  in  Novem- 
ber, orepared  to  enter  upon  the  active  duties  of 


prep; 


poll 


ETSTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

TERKITOHIAL  GOVERNMENT  ORGANIZED. 

I.  I.  Stevens  Appointed  Goveenor — His  Character — Topographic  Explorations — Legislature 
Elected — Governor  Stevens'  Message — Statesman-like  Views — Work  of  the  Legislature 
— GrovERNOR  Stevens'  Repairs  to  Washington — Some  Trouble  on  the  Border — San  Jfan 
Island — Results  of  Governor  Stevens'  Visit  to  Washington. 


THE  selection  of  Isaac  I ngalls  Stevens  liy 
President  Pierce  as  the  tirst  governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Washington  was  e.xceed- 
ingly  propitious  to  its  interests.  He  was 
a  man  whose  natural  and  acqnired  elements 
were  fitted  in  an  eminent  degree  to  commend 
himself,  and  the  causes  he  served  to  public  favor 
and  confidence.  A  New  Englander,  born  under 
the  shadows  of  Andover,  and  early  trained 
under  influences  of  intellectual  culture,  his 
naturally  vigorous  and  ambitious  intellect  had 
already  given  him  special  mark  when  he  en- 
tered the  United  States  Military  School  at  West 
Point  in  1835,  and  he  only  met  the  expecta- 
tions of  his  friends  when  he  graduated  from  it 
in  1839  with  its  highest  honors.  After  his 
graduation  he  M'as  put  in  charge  of  the  fortifi- 
cations on  the  New  England  coast.  During 
the  Mexican  war  he  served  on  the  stafiP  of  Gen- 
eral Scott,  and  after  its  close  was  for  four  years 
assistant  of  Prof.  Bache  on  the  coast  survey. 
This  position  gave  him  special  training  on  the 
lines  that  so  eminently  qualified  him  to  lead 
the  surveys  for  a  great  trans-continental  rail- 
road which  had  been  the  dream  and  hope  of 
statesman  and  emigrant  alike  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  but  which  as  yet  was  but  a  dream. 
Congress  having  authorized  the  survey  of  sev- 
eral routes  for  this  contemplated  road,  Stevens 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  survey  of  the  northern 
line,  whose  western  terminus  was  fixed  on 
Pnget  Sound.  He  was  directed  to  proceed  from 
the  upper  waters  of  the  Mississippi  to  this  arm 
of  the  Pacific  and  report  upon  the  route  itself, 
and  upon  the  Indian  tribes  through  which  he 
would  pass,  and  he  was  also  given  authority  to 
treat  with  these  tribes  when    he  found  it    prac- 


ticable. Something  of  the  facts  and  results  of 
this  survey  will  enter  more  naturally  into  an- 
other part  of  this  work,  and  consequently  these 
will  be  omitted  here.  Still  it  is  proper  here  to 
state  that  among  the  officers  detailed  as  his 
assistants  and  helpers  in  this  work  were  several 
whose  names  afterward  became  famous  in  the 
history  of  the  great  rebellion.  Among  these 
were  George  B.  McClellan,  Cuvier  Grover  and 
F.  W.  Lander.  Captain  McClellan  had  charge 
of  the  west  end  of  the  line,  and  explored  the 
Cascade  range  for  passes  leading  to  Puget 
Sound,  from  Vancouver  northward  for  more 
than  a  hundred  miles,  while  Stevens,  following 
the.  line  of  his  instructions,  was  proceeding 
westward  from  the  Mississippi. 

In  his  proclamation  looking  to  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Territorial  government,  Governor 
Stevens  had  designated  the  30th  day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1854,  for  the  election  of  a  delegate  to  Con- 
gress and  members  of  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, and  appointed  the  27th  of  February  fol- 
lowing for  the  convening  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly.  Of  course  with  oftices  to  be  filled, 
there  were  office-seekers  in  abundance.  Parties 
soon  crystallized.  The  Democratic  party  put  in 
the  field  Columbia  Lancaster,  of  Clarke  county, 
for  delegate  to  Congress,  and  the  Whig  party 
entered  as  his  competitor  W.  H.  Wallace,  of 
Pierce,  while  M.  T.  Simmons,  whose  name  has 
so  often  occurred  in  honorable  connection  with 
the  real  pioneer  struggles  of  the  country,  ap- 
peared as  an  independent  candidate.  The  result 
of  the  election  gave  Lancaster  690  votes,  Wal- 
lace 500,  and  Simmons  18 — a  total  of  but  1,208 
votes  in  the  whole  Territory. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  delegate  elect  was  not  a  man  suited  to 
represent  such  a  Territory  as  this  on  the  floor  of 
Congress  at  this  time.  With  a  certain  solidity 
and  slowness  of  character,  and  an  easy  facility 
of  conversation,  he  lacked  the  genius  and  elo- 
quence and  daring  that  im])re8s  and  move  such 
bodies  as  that  in  which  he  was  to  serve.  Pie 
lacked  intellectual  force  and  moral  momentum, 
though  he  had  some  intellectual  might.  Among 
a  certain  class  of  the  pioneers  his  slowness 
passed  for  wisdom  and  his  general  suavity  for 
popularity.  In  fact  both  parties,  Whig  and 
Democratic,  committed  an  error  in  the  selection 
of  their  candidates  for  this  most  important  office. 
Instead  of  taking  their  most  brilliant  and  able 
man  and  sending  him  to  represent  them  in  Con- 
gress for  tlie  public  benefit,  they  both  chose  their 
men  from  considerations  of  party  policy  rather 
than  of  public  benefit.  The  men  themselves 
were  not  to  blame  for  being  unable  to  cope  with 
the  demands  of  the  hour  in  the  interests  of  the 
Territory  they  desired  to  represent,  but  the  par- 
ties were  for  putting  them  forward,  however 
estimable  as  private  individuals  they  were; 
and  this  is  not  called  in  question. 

The  legislators  elected  at  the  same  time  had 
a  fair  measure  of  ability,  and  were  well  qualified 
to  consider  the  practical  questions  that  were  sure 
to  come  before  them.  It  was  Democratic  by  a 
majority  of  one  in  the  council  and  six  in  the 
house,  but  partizan  zeal  did  not  strongly  influ- 
ence its  action,  and  on  the  whole  its  work  sub- 
sewed  the  best  interests  of  the  Territory.  G.  N. 
McConaha  had  the  honor  of  serving  as  president 
of  the  council  and  F.  A.  Cheuoweth  as  speaker 
of  the  house  of  representatives. 

The  message  of  Governor  Stevens,  however, 
stamped  him  as  the  man  of  the  Territory;  and, 
as  the  general  scope  of  its  statements  and  recom- 
mendations presents  so  good  a  reflex  of  the  con- 
dition and  needs  of  the  young  commonwealth, 
it  appears  eminently  proper  that  a  summary  of 
them  should  be  given  here. 

He  introduced  his  message  by  a  glowing  en- 
comium upon  the  Territory  itself,  and  dwelt 
upon  its  natural  advantages  for  commerce.     He 


then  referred  to  the  anamolous  condition  of  the 
public  lands;  the  Indian  titles  not  having  been 
extinguished,  nor  any  law  having  been  passed 
for  their  extinguishment,  the  settlei-s  were  un- 
able to  obtain  any  titles  to  their  lands  under  the 
land  laws  of  Congress.  He  took  up  the  subject 
of  roads  as  one  of  the  most  important  to  the 
people  and  advised  the  legislature  to  memori- 
alize Congress  concerning  their  construction.  He 
also  counseled  them  to  ask  for  the  appointment 
of  a  surveyor  general  for  the  Territory  and  for 
liberal  appropriations  for  the  surveys,  so  that 
the  settlers  could  intelligently  locate  their 
claims.  He  suggested  some  essential  amend- 
ments to  the  land  law  making  it  possible  to 
acquire  title  by  the  payments  of  the  minimum 
valuation  after  a  residence  of  one  year,  and  that 
single  women  should  be  placed  on  the  same  foot- 
ing as  married  women.  He  urged  the  early  set- 
tlement of  the  boundary  question  between 
"Washington  and  the  British  territory  on  the 
north,  and  that  Congress  shall  be  memorialized 
on  that  subject,  as  well  as  on  the  necessity  of 
continuing  the  geographical  and  geological  sur- 
veys already  commenced. 

He  treated  ably,  and  at  some  length,  tiie 
position  and  relations  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany and  the  Puget  Sound  Agricultural  Com- 
pany. He  conceded  they  had  certain  rights 
granted  to  them,  and  certain  land  ceded  to  them, 
but  that  the  vague  nature  of  these  rights,  as  well 
as  of  these  lands,  must  needs  lead  to  disputes 
concerning  their  possessions,  and  recommended 
that  Congress  should  be  memorialized  to  extin- 
guish their  titles.  He  declared  that  the  rights 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  to  trade  with  the 
Indians  was  no  longer  allowed,  and  that,  under 
instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  he  had 
already  notified  that  company  that  it  would  be 
allowed  until  July  to  close  up  its  affairs,  and  that 
after  that  time  the  laws  regulating  intercourse 
with  the  Indians  would  be  rigidly  enforced. 

The  attention  of  the  Legislature  was  urgently 
called  to  the  necessity  of  providing  for  a  school 
system,  and  asked  that  Congress  be  memorialized 
for  a  grant  of  land  for  a  university.   An  efficient 


i 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


153 


militia  system  was  declared  to  be  a  necessity  in 
a  Territory  so  isolated,  which  must,  in  case  of 
war,  be  compelled  for  a  time  to  depend  upon 
itself  even  fur  protection  against  foreign  in- 
vasion. 

Tills  message  strongly  impressed  the  Legisla- 
tive As8eml)ly  and  the  people  of  the  Territory, 
and  showed  the  governor  to  be  a  broad-minded 
and  statesmanlike  man. 

Beyond  complying  with  the  suggestions  of 
Governor  Stevens  in  regard  to  memorials  and 
such  subjects  of  legislation  as  he  directed  their 
attention  to,  the  acts  of  the  Legislature  were 
mainly  directed  toward  local  interests,  snch  as 
the  formation  of  counties  and  designation  of 
county  seats,  the  appointment  of  a  commission 
to  codify  the  laws,  the  assigning  of  judges  to 
districts,  and  the  selection  of  Olympia  as  the 
temporary  capital  of  the  Territory.  When  these 
things  were  attended  to  the  Legislatui-e  ad- 
journed. 

Soon  after  the  Legislature  adjourned  Gov- 
ernor Stevens  repaired  to  Washington  city  to 
report  in  person  on  the  results  of  his  railroad 
survey,  and  to  attend  to  such  other  matters  as 
he  might  in  the  inte]-ests  of  the  Territory.  The 
Legislature  had  passed  a  resolution  approving 
of  his  leaving  the  Territory  for  these  purposes, 
and  so  he  went  armed  with  the  double  influence 
of  his    personal   character  and   tlie  approval   of 


lis  constituents  at  home.      I>efor 


IK'  ^^• 


ith 


the  thoroughness  that  marked  all  his  work,  he 
made  an  examination  of  the  Sound,  looking  for 
the  most  feasible  points  for  the  terminus  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  road.  Bellingham  Bay,  Seat- 
tle and  Steilacoom  impressed  him  favorably. 
The  other  matters  that  he  specially  desired  to 
present  to  the  attention  of  the  government  re- 
lated to  Indian  affairs,  to  the  rights  and  privi- 
leges of  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  Pnget  Sound 
Agricultural  Companies,  and  to  the  settlement 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Territory.  The 
message  of  Governor  Stevens  relating  to  this 
subject,  and  his  declared  purpose  of  pressing 
the  matter  of  its  settlement  at  Washington,  ar- 
rested the  attention   of   the  British  authorities 


on  Vancouver  Island  and  a  conflict  of  authority 
arose  on  San  Juan  Island  between  I.  N.  Ebey, 
as  United  States  collector  of  customs,  and  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  under  the  colonial  government 
of  Vancouver  Island,  named  Griffln.  Ebey, 
claiming  San  Juan  as  a  part  of  the  Territory  of 
Washington,  and  finding  that  several  thousand 
head  of  sheep  and  other. stock  had  been  im- 
ported from  Vancouver  Island  without  being 
entered  at  the  custom  house,  visited  the  island 
in  his  capacity  as  collector  of  customs.  The 
Hudson's  Bay  steamer  Otter,  with  Mr.  Sankster, 
collector  of  customs  for  the  British  port  of  Vic- 
toria, on  l)oard,  ran  over  to  San  Juan  and  an- 
chored near  Mr.  Ebey's  encampment.  When 
told  by  Mr.  Ebey  that  he  Mas  on  the  island  in 
his  ofiicial  capacity  to  enforce  the  revenue  laws 
of  the  United  States,  Sankster  then  declared 
that  lie  would  arrest  all  persons  and  seize  all 
vessels  found  navigating  the  waters  west  of  the 
Straits  of  Rosario  and  nortii  of  the  middle  of 
the  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 

Mr.  Ebey,  by  no  means  intimidated  by  this 
growl  of  the  British  lion,  declared  that  an  in- 
spector of  customs  should  remain  upon  the 
island  to  enforce  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  no  one  pre- 
tending to  be  officers  of  the  British  government 
would  attempt  to  interfere  with  his  oflicial 
duties.  Sankster  ordered  the  British  flag  dis- 
played o\'er  the  quarters  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  on  the  island. 

James  Douglas,  governor  of  Vancouver 
Island  and  also  vice-admiral  in  the  British 
navy,  was  on  board  the  Otter  during  these  pro- 
ceedings. Sankster  proposed  that  Ebey  go  on 
board  the  Otter  to  hold  a  conference  with  Mr. 
Douglas,  but  was  informed  that  the  collector  of 
Puget  Sound  district  w'ould  be  happy  to  meet 
Governor  Douglas  at  his  tent.  This,  howevei-, 
the  governor  declined  to  do,  and  soon  after  the 
steamer  returned  to  Victoria,  leaving  a  boat's 
crew  to  watch.  The  next  day  Mr.  Ebey  ap- 
pointed and  swore  into  ofiice  Mr.  Webber  as 
inspector  of  customs  and  stationed  him  upon 
San  Juan  Island, 


in  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


There  was  probably  no  iutention  on  the  part 
of  Douglas  of  proceeding  to  hostile  measures 
ill  vindication  of  the  pretensions  of  Great  Brit- 
ain to  San  Juan  Island,  but  he  did  desire  to 
state  the  pretensions  of  his  government,  and  so 
dispute  tlie  claims  of  the  United  States  as  to 
leave  his  case  witliout  prej  udice  from  default  when 
the  final  struggle  came.  Resolute  as  he  was,  in 
Mr.  Ebey  he  met  a  man  as  resolute  and  far- 
seeing  as  himself,  and  the  result  of  his  course 
secured  no  advantage  to  Great  Britain  in  the 
final  settlement  of  the  question  of  boundary  be- 
tween the  two  countries,  which  is  considered  in 
another  place. 

The  visit  of  Governor  Stevens  to  the  national 
capital  was  productive  of  much  good  to  the 
Territory.  The  efforts  of  delegate  Lancaster  to 
secure  the  attention  of  Congress  were  proving 
abortive,  and  the  addition  of  the  powerful  per- 
sonality and  influence  of  Stevens  to  them  com- 
pelled attention  that  could  not  be  persuaded  by 
the  feeble  solicitation  of  tlie  delegate.  It  is 
just,  too,  to  say  that  delegate  Lane,  of  Oregon, 
irave  the  strong  support  of  his  influence  to  the 
measures  of  Lancaster  and  Stevens,  and  together 
they  secured  a  fair  consideration  of  tiie  needs 
of  the  new  Territory  on  the  part  of  Congress. 


They  secured  an  appropriation  of  $30,000  for 
the  construction  of  what  was  known  as  the 
"MuUan  road"  from  the  Great  Falls  of  the 
Missouri  via  Cojur  de  Alene  lake  to  Walla 
Walla;  of  $25,000  for  the  construction  of  a 
military  road  from  The  Dalles  of  the  Columbia 
to  Fort  Vancouver;  of  $30,000  for  a  road  from 
Fort  Vancouver  to  Fort  Steilacoom;  and  $89,- 
000  for  light-houses  at  various  points  on  the 
coast.  Liberal  provision  was  also  made  for  the 
Indian  service,  in  which  was  included  the  sum 
of  $100,000  to  enable  Governor  Stevens  to 
treat  with  the  Blackfoot  and  other  tribes  in  the 
north  and  east  portions  of  the  Territory. 

Meantime,  during  the  absence  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, the  current  of  events  in  the  Territory 
flowed  smoothly  on,  and  thei'e  is  little  to  record 
in  the  way  of  history.  Only  one  thing  ruffled 
the  even  surface  of  things,  and  that  was  the 
occasional  predatory  incursions  of  Indians  from 
the  north,  sometimes  attended  with  barbarous 
murders,  which  kept  the  scattered  settlements 
along  the  shores  of  the  Sound  in  more  or  less 
alarm.  These,  however,  so  far  as  necessary, 
will  be  considered  in  our  chapters  on  the  Indian 
Wars  of  Washington,  and  hence  need  not  be 
considered  at  length  in  this  connection. 


IIISTURT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

TERRITORIAL  HISTORY,  CONTINUED. 

Slow  Progress — Reasons  Thekefok — Politics — First  Delegate  to  Congress — Organization 
OF  Parties — Juuge  STRON(i— J.  Patton  Anderson — Personal  Politics — Growing  Con. 
fusion  in  Party  Lines — Governor  Stevens  the  De.mockatic  Candidate — Ale.xander 
Abeknethy  the  Republican — Stevens  Elected — Fayette  McMullin,  Governor — Fraser 
River  Mining  Excitement — Results  uuon  the  Territory. 


'Il — ^  VEN  after  a  Territorial  Government  was 
IT  fully  instated  the  material  progress  of 
*^"^l  the  country  was  very  slow  for  quite  a 
number  of  years.  The  reasons  for  this  are 
patent.  The  open  country  east  of  tlie  Cascade 
mountains  was  yet  closed  to  settlement,  and  the 
I'egion  about  Puget  Sound  was  so  inaccessible 
that  only  the  most  determined  and  resolute 
people,  or  those  who  had  special  connections  of 
interest  there,  found  their  way  thither.  Ee 
sides  there  was  no  surplus  population  in  any 
Pacific  coast  region  eager  to  leave  the  limiting 
conditions  of  an  annoying  and  crowded  multi- 
tude to  find  personal  freedom  outside  of  throng- 
ing marts.  All  the  coast  was  free  and  open, 
and  there  was  verge  and  room  enough  every- 
where for  breath  and  expansion.  In  a  measure, 
too,  the  influx  of  Eastern  immigration  had 
ceased.  Therefore  the  growth  of  the  infant 
Territory  must  needs  be  tirefullj  slow.  The 
few  thousands  of  people  scattered  over  many 
more  thousands  of  S(juare  miles  of  country  had 
little  to  do  but  wait  for  the  good  times  which 
their  faith  prophesied  and  their  hope  looked  for 
that  were  sure  to  come  in  some  sweet  hereafter, 
and  perhaps  prove  an  overpayment  of  delight. 
Put,  after  all,  the  hanlest  thing  in  the  world  is 
to  wait.  Providence  is  slow,  the  ages  are  long, 
our  life  is  brief,  and  aveugings  or  rewards  must 
come  to  us  soon  if  at  all.  It  was  therefore  not 
an  easy  lot  that  came  to  the  isolated  dwellers 
on  Puget  Sound  and  along  the  wooded  river 
courses;  and  only  a  few  were  really  great 
enough  and  strong  enough  to  wait. 

Still  there  is  one  refuge  that  the  great  Amer- 
ican mind  can  always  find  in  city  or  on  frontier, 


namely,  politics;  and  this  refuge  did  not  fail 
the  people  of  this  Territory  in  the  present  di- 
lemma. It  was  a  time  of  high  political  debate 
in  the  country  at  large,  and  the  echoes  of  that 
debate  flew  into  the  door  of  every  log  cabin 
from  Juan  de  Fuca  to  the  Cascades.  Grave 
national  issues  were  discussed  about  every 
mountain  camp-fire,  in  every  logger's  cabin  and 
miner's  hut;  and,  although  Washington  was 
yet  but  a  Territory,  and  as  such  could  have 
neither  voice  nor  vote  in  the  national  legislature, 
no  part  of  the  country  really  took  a  more  intel- 
ligent interest  in  the  issues  that  were  being 
joined  between  Nortb  and  South,  between  loy- 
alty and  disloyalty  during  the  later  fifties,  than 
did  these  sturdy  pioneers.  What  was  to  have 
been  expected  occurred.  Political  opinion  was 
confused,  if  not  chaotic.  The  pressure  of  events 
was  not  yet  strong  enough  to  solidify  or  crys- 
tallize the  elements  of  patriotism  that  were  float- 
ing in  the  mass  of  all  parties  into  the  order  and 
purpose  of  a  party  organization,  or  to  unite  their 
opposites  into  an  antagonizing  order.  It  was  a 
time  of  creation,  politically,  in  Washington, 
and  "darkness  was  on  the  face  of  the  deep.'" 

It  is  proper  that  we  say  that  this  was  not  to 
the  discredit,  but  rather  to  the  credit,  of  the 
people.  They  were  too  individualized  and  in- 
dependent to  be  swayed  ia  a  mass  by  ajjpeals 
or  passions.  More  solid  thinking  was  never 
done  by  men  than  was  done  by  the  lumbermen 
from  Maine  and  Michigan  and  elsewhere  in  the 
forests  of  the  IS^orth  along  the  shores  of  Puget 
Sound,  and  by  the  scattered  home-makers  from 
the  prairies  of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  or  tlie 
shop-keepers  from    Boston   and  New  York  who 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


liad  established  themselves  in  the  wilderness  or 
on  the  corners  of  the  streets  of  cities  yet  to  be, 
than  was  done  in  this  Territory  at  this  time. 
That  they  did  not  all  think  alike  was  evidence 
that  they  all  thought,  and  that  no  one  thought 
for  all. 

Probably  if  the  political  sentiment  of  Wash- 
ington at  this  time  were  to  be  named  after  the 
fashion  of  the  olden  nomenclature,  it  must  be 
classed  as  Democratic  rather  than  Whig.  The 
Territory  had  been  admitted  into  the  Union 
under  Democratic  auspices;  its  governor,  Ste- 
vens, and  its  list  of  Federal  office-holders  had 
been  appointed  by  a  Democratic  president,  and 
it  was  but  natural  that  that  party  should  have 
secured  the  vantage  ground  of  strongest  and 
most  effective  organization.  Besides,  just 
across  the  Columbia,  Oregon,  under  the  then 
almost  controlling  influence  of  Joseph  X.,ane, 
was  strongly  on  that  side,  and  so  the  motive  of 
political  harmony  with  that  Territory  had  its 
influence  in  determining  the  status  of  this. 

There  was  really  but  one  office  in  the  Terri- 
tory that  could  serve  as  a  test  of  party  senti- 
ment. That  was  the  office  of  delegare  to  Con- 
gress. Around  this,  therefore,  the  division  took 
place.  The  first  election  for  that  office  occurred 
so  early  after  the  organization  of  the  Territory 
that  party  had  comparatively  little  decisive  in 
determining  its  result.  At  that  election,  as  we 
have  seen,  Columbia  Lancaster  of  Clarke  county, 
in  the  southern  portion  of  the  Territory,  was 
chosen.  His  politics  were  as  individual  as  him- 
self, though  his  antecedent  affiliation  had  been 
largely  with  the  Whig  party.  With  a  certain 
appearance  of  solemn  weight  in  his  presence 
that  was  well  matched  with  the  method  of  his 
slow  and  oracular  utterance,  he  succeeded  in 
impressing  himself  upon  enough  of  the  voters 
of  the  territory  that  they  had  given  him  the 
honor  of  being  their  first  representative  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States.  But  he  lacked 
the  alertness  and  vigor  to  retain  the  position 
that  the  auspicious  time,  together  with  his  per- 
sonal elements,  had  given  him,  and  hence  his 
first     service    was   his    last     in    that    capacity. 


Doubtless  geographical  position  had  something 
to  do  with  this  result,  for  his  residence  was  on 
the  extreme  southern  limit  of  the  Territory,  and 
in  a  region  that  was  rapidly  outgrown  and  out- 
nnmbered  by  the  region  along  Puget  Sound. 
So  it  was  not  greatly  to  his  discredit  that,  in 
the  more  stringent  organization  of  parties  in 
1855,  these  things  proved  sufficient  to  defeat 
him  before  the  Democratic  convention,  and  to 
put  in  his  place  as  a  candidate  for  delegate  to 
Congress  J.  Patton  Anderson,  who  had  come  to 
this  Territory  as  its  first  United  States  marshal, 
appointed  by  President  Pierce,  and  who  had 
over  him  the  order  of  a  strong  pro-slavery 
Democrat  of  the  most  ultra  Southern  school. 

By  the  opposition  or  Whig  party  Judge 
William  Strong  was  nominated.  Mr.  Strong 
also  came  to  the  coast  as  a  Federal  appointee, 
bearing  a  judicial  commission  from  Millard  Fill- 
more. He  was  of  large  and  imposing  presence, 
and  both  as  an  officer  and  a  man  had  won  a 
considerable  place  in  the  regards  of  the  people 
of  the  Territory.  In  after  years  he  removed  to 
the  city  of  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death,  maintaining  a  prominent  posi- 
tion at  the  bar  of  that  city  and  State.  The  result 
of  the  bidlot  gave  Mr.  Anderson  the  delegate- 
ship  by  a  narrow  margin  over  his  abler  com- 
petitor. But  neither  of  the  men  who  repre- 
sented the  two  great  political  parties  of  the 
country  in  this  election  figured  afterward  in 
the  history  of  Washington  to  any  considerable 
extent.  Mr.  Strong,  as  we  have  stated,  removed 
from  the  Territory,  and  Mr.  Anderson  did  not 
return  to  it  to  reside.  He  espoused  the  south- 
ern cause  in  the  rebellion,  and,  though  winning 
no  high  distinction,  yet  received  a  commission 
as  brigadier-general  from  the  Confederate  gov- 
ernment. During  this  political  canvass  there 
were  many  indications  of  what  was  coming  in 
the  disruptions  and  disintegrations  of  old  parties 
and  the  formation  of  new  tones.  A  "  free  soil  " 
candidate  for  Congress  in  the  person  of  Joseph 
Cushman  received  a  small  vote,  while  it  was 
with  difficulty  that  a  large  part  of  the  Demo- 
cratic  vote   could   be  held    to   the  candidate  of 


HISTORT    OF    WMUINOTON. 


that  party.  It  was  obvious  to  far-seeing  men 
that  causes  were  at  work  below  the  surface  of 
things  that  might  at  any  time,  and  certainly 
would  at  some  time,  work  a  revolution  in  the 
political  complexion  of  the  Territory.  One  of 
the  causes  was  this:  In  the  organization  of  the 
Territorial  government  and  appointment  of  its 
officers,  a  great  many  able  and  ambitious  men 
had  been  brought  to  the  Territory.  Others  had 
come  in  charge  of  or  associated  with  the  govern- 
ment  surveying   parties,  and   had   remained    in 


what  seemed  to  them  this  invitine;  field  for 


per 


sonal  promotion.  The  ultimate  star  that  guided 
each  of  these  was  self.  They  could  not  be  ex- 
pected to  act  from  a  purely  public  and  patriotic 
purpose,  for  each  one  supposed  that,  while  serv- 
ing self  he  could  serve  the  public  at  least  as 
well  as  could  any  of  his  fellows.  The  larger 
parties,  therefore,  were  made  of  the  innumerable 
smaller  personal  parties  of  these  able  and  aspir- 
ing men,  and  were  held  together  by  a  very  feeble 
tenure.  A  great,  overshadowing  public  interest, 
upon  which  the  affections  of  the  common  people, 
who  are  always  patriotic,  could  be  united,  would 
inevitably  dissolve  the  old  political  tenures,  and 
new  and  stronger  ones  would  be  formed.  Be- 
sides, the  very  men  of  whoni  we  have  spoken 
were  not  destitute  of  patriotism,  albeit  they  were 
personally  ambitious  of  place  and  power,  and 
when  it  became  apparent  to  them  that  there 
were  questions  to  be  decided  by  the  votes  of  the 
people  greater  than  what  individual  should  hold 
the  offices,  they  too  would  be  found  ready  to 
lead  or  follow  the  general  impulse  of  change. 
That  such  a  change  was  coming,  and  coming 
soon,  was  in  the  very  air.  Under  such  a  state 
of  things  the  Territory  came  up  to  the  time  for 
the  election  of  another  delegate  to  Congress  to 
succeed  J.  Patton  Anderson,  during  whose  term  of 
two  years  nothing  of  importance  had  been  done 
to  secure  the  interests  of  the  Territory  he  rep- 
resented in  the  halls  of  Congress. 

The  logical  candidate  of  the  Democratic  pai'ty 
for  delegate  to  Congress  in  1887  was  Governor 
Stevens,  although  he  had  a  strong  and  very  bet- 
ter oppositidu    among    the    leaders   of    iiis  own 
io 


party,  the  causes  and  methods  of  which  were 
far  more  creditable  to  him  than  to  those  who 
opposed  him.  It  is  not  necessary  that  we  lead 
our  readers  into  the  intricacies  of  the  plots  and 
counterplots  of  the  period,  as  it  would  be  much 
time  spent  to  little  profit.  It  is  enough  to  say 
that,  while  Mr.  Stevens  had  come  into  conflict 
with  the  judicial  department  of  the  government 
in  some  matters  of  administration  relating  to 
Indians  and  Indian  affairs,  and  in  these  con- 
flicts his  enemies  had  succeeded  in  inducing  the 
president  to  reprimand  him  for  his  action,  yet 
the  people,  and  especially  the  volunteers  who 
had  served  in  the  preceding  Indian  wars,  felt 
that  he  was  their  fi-iend  and  proper  representa- 
tive, and  were  resolved  to  give  him  the  place  of 
honor  and  of  power.  Meantime,  feebly  follow- 
ing, at  this  early  day,  the  trend  of  public  senti- 
ment elsewhere,  the  Republican  party  had  ef- 
fected an  organization  and  put  forwaid  as  its 
candidate  for  Congress  Mr.  Alexander  Aber- 
nethy,  a  man  of  excellent  personal  qualities,  but 
not  well  adapted  to  lead  a  new  political  crusade 
in  the  chances  and  changes  of  such  an  eventful 
jieriod  in  the  history  of  the  country  as  this. 
The  new  party  had  in  it  not  a  few  of  the  best 
and  ablest  men  of  the  Territory,  but  the  exi- 
gences of  the  country  were  not  yet  sufficiently 
apparent  to  lead  the  mass  of  the  people  to  sun- 
der old  political  ties  and  enter  new  party  affilia- 
tions. The  result  of  the  italloting  gave  the  elec- 
tion to  Mr.  Stevens  by  a  large  majority,  and  on 
the  lith  of  August  he  resigned  the  office  of 
governor.  Secretary  Mason  taking  his  place  as 
acting  governor  until  the  appointment  of  his 
successor.  This  was  Fayette  McMuUin,  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  held  the  office  of  governor  only  until 
July,  185'8,  when  he  was  removed,  having  done 
nothing  to  entitle  him  to  the  confidence  or  grati- 
tude of  the  people. 

While  McMullen  himself  did  nothing  worthy 
of  record  as  governor  of  the  Territory,  yet  dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  an  event  occurred  that, 
while  at  first  it  seemed  to  interfere  with  the 
prosperity  of  the  country,  ultimately  redounded 
to   its    prosperity.     Thi^   was   the   discovery  of 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


crold  Oil  Fraser  river  in  British  Columbia,  which 
awakened  an  intense  excitement  all  over  the 
coast.  The  history  of  this  mining  excitement 
does  not  belong  to  this  book,  only  as  it  affected 
the  prosperity  of  Wathington.  It  drew  away 
a  large  number  of  the  people  of  the  Territory, 
thus  abstractinu;  population  and  labor  from  the 
resources  of  an  already  weak  commonwealth, 
and  leaving  it  for  a  time  even  poorer  than  it  was 
before.  Its  progress  had  been  so  slow  as  to 
greatly  discourage  many  of  its  friends,  as  was 
evident  from  tlie  fact  that  there  were  but  three 
more  votes  cast  for  delegate  to  Congress  in  1857 
than  in  1855,  or  only  1,585  in  all.  On  the 
whole  this  was  about  the  most  utipropitions  era 
of  the  history  of  Washington,  and  the  historian 
lingers  in  its  story  anxious  to  find  something  to 
relieve  the  sombre  page  of   his  record.     This 


milling  excitement  does  not  afford  the  relief,  for 
instead  of  bringing  population  it  took  it  away. 
Still  there  was  a  compensation  in  its  after  re- 
sults. It  awakened  the  people  who  remained 
in  the  Territory  to  activity  in  promoting  explo- 
rations and  opening  roads  across  the  mountains 
into  the  open  country  to  the  east  toward  the 
upper  Fraser  mining  regions.  As  the  mining 
excitement  diminished,  and  thousands  of  unsuc- 
cessful men  returned  from  British  Columbia,  a 
large  number  of  them,  some  from  choice  but 
more  from  necessity,  remained  in  the  Puget 
Sound  regions  and  became  permanent  settlers 
there.  From  this  class  Puget  Sound  probably 
doubled  its  population  before  the  close  of  1858. 
Thus  what  threatened  at  first  to  be  a  gieat  ca- 
lamity of  the  country  proved  in  the  end  to  be  a 
great  benefit. 


CHAPTEE  XIX. 

TERRITORIAL  HISTORY  CONTINUED. 

I.  Stevens  and  his  Kelation  tc  the  Histoey  of  Washington  Teeritoet — His  Personal 
Character — Elected  to  Congress — Re-election — Crisis  in  his  Caeeee — Return  to  Olym- 
piA — Declined  Re-nomination — Offers  his  Services  to  Government — Commissioned  Col- 
onel— Brigadier-general — Death — Honors  Paid  uis  Memory — Election  of  Delegate  to 
Congress — Rapid  Changes  in  Officers — Death  of  Ctovernor  Mason — Seal  of  Government — 
Republican  Appointees — Governor  Pickering — Secretary  Evans. 


THIS  is  as  suitable  a  place  as  any  to^ive  a 
space  to  the  history  of  the  relations  of 
Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens  to  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. The  historian  cannot  pass  this 
theme  or  this  name  as  he  can  almost  any  other 
theme  or  name  with  a  sentence  or  two,  as,  take 
him  for  all  in  all,  Mr.  Stevens'  place  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  Territory  is  unique  and  representa- 
tive beyond  comparison,  and  its  story  must  be 
treated  accordingly.  In  the  course  of  our  pre- 
vious narrative  we  have  shown  under  what 
auspices  he  came  to  the  Territory,  and  how  he 
wss  related  to  the  early  Indian  difficulties  that 
60  seriously  threatened  the  entire  country.  On 
his  election  as  a  delegate   to  Congress,  he  en- 


tered on  a  new  sphere  of  duty,  but  one  for 
which  his  previous  education  and  life  had  well 
prepared  him. 

Mr.  Stevens  was  a  small  man  physically,  and 
yet  he  had  an  imposing  and  magnetic  presence. 
This  was  owing  to  the  fact  that  his  face  and 
brow  and  eye  bore  the  seal  of  a  lofty  manhood. 
His  large  and  fine-grained  brain  was  filled  with 
knowledge,  which,  in  private  conversation,  he 
knew  well  bow  to  use.  He  was  not  what  is 
usually  called  an  orator,  and  yet  he  could 
strongly  influence  men,  and  those  who  were 
about  him  naturally  deferred  to  hiui  as  their 
representative.  There  was  not  a  great  deal  of 
the  suave  in  his  composition.      His  nature  wa^ 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


too  rugged  and  full  of  points  for  that.  But  he 
was  intellectually  honest,  and  duty  was  a  word 
he  knew  how  to  utter,  and  his  actions  always 
sliowed  that  he  felt  its  full  and  mastering  force. 
Coming  to  the  Territory  as  an  appointee  to  its 
highest  office,  he  filled  it  with  such  devotion  to 
the  interests  of  the  people  over  whom  he  pre- 
sided that,  almost  as  early  as  it  was  possible  for 
them  to  testify  their  appreciation  of  him  by  a 
popular  vote,  tliey  did  so  by  putting  him  into 
the  national  Congress  by  a  majority  of  votes 
over  those  given  to  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
respected  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Territory  of 
more  than  two  to  one.  Still  the  very  elements 
that  created  such  friendships  also  created  cor- 
responding enmities,  but  they  were  not  numer- 
ous and  strong  enough  to  alienate  the  great  mass 
of  the  people  from  tlie  support  of  this  strong 
and  patriotic  man. 

Mr.  Stevens  entered  upon  his  duties  in  Con- 
gress at  a  time  and  under  circumstances  not 
propitious  to  his  political  success.  The  result 
was  that  during  liis  first  term  he  was  able  to 
secure  but  little  legislation  for  the  benefit  of 
his  constituency.  He  was  faithful  in  ]ilans  and 
energetic  in  urging  them,  but  he  could  only  de- 
serve success,  not  command  it.  But  he  did  not 
lose  tlie  confidence  of  ids  people,  and  at  the 
election  of  1859  was  again  returned  to  Congress 
over  W.  H.  Wallace,  gaining  the  election  over 
him  by  nearly  as  large  a  majority  as  he  had  two 
years  before  f)ver  A.  S.  Abernethy.  This  en- 
dorsement of  him  by  the  people  of  his  Territory 
gave  him  larger  infiuence  with  the  Congress 
than  he  had  befofe,  and  consequently  his  meas- 
ures met  with  more  favor  at  its  hands.  At  the 
session  of  1860-'61,  several  appropriations  of 
great  value  to  the  Territory  were  secured,  and 
provisions  were  made  for  the  payment  of  the 
Indian  war  del)t,  though  at  figures  greatly,  and, 
without  doubt,  unjustly  reduced. 

This  session  of  Congress  brought  Mr.  Ste- 
vens to  a  crisis  in  his  career.  Politically  he  had 
been  a  pro-slavery  Democrat,  or,  if  not  that,  in 
the  division  of  the  Democratic  party  pending 
Jie  election  uf  18(50,  he  adhered  to  the  Hrecken- 


ridge  wing,  and  so  high  did  he  stand  with  it 
that  he  was  selected  as  chairman  of  its  national 
committee.  But  notwithstanding  his  relations 
to  that  party  be  could  not  be  persuaded  nor 
frightened  into  the  support  of  secession,  for  he 
was  a  patriot  first  and  a  politician  afterward. 

At  the  close  of  the  session  of  1860-'61 
Stevens  returned  to  Oiympia.  He  was  wan 
and  care-worn,  and  it  was  plain  tliat  strongly 
opposing  forces  had  been  tugging  at  his  heart 
strings.  He  had  scarcely  reached  home  before 
the  news  on  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  and  the 
beginning  of  civil  war  reached  him.  lie  could 
no  longer  hesitate  between  party  fealty  and  pat- 
riotic duty.  Nor,  duty  being  determined,  could 
he  delay  its  clear  announcement,  "  I  conceive 
it  to  be  my  duty  to  stop  secession"  were  his 
clear  words  to  the  people  of  Olyrapia  who  had 
assembled  to  do  him  honor.  There  was  no  hes- 
itation, no  tergiversation.  What  this  meant  to 
him  can  hardly  now  be  understood.  It  dis- 
rupted all  the  23olitical  associations  of  his  life, 
and  brought  down  upon  him  the  bitterest  hos- 
tility of  those  who  had  counted  on  ])im  as  both 
comrade  and  leader  in  the  struggle  that  treason 
precipitated  on  the  nation.  Nor  did  it  secure 
at  once  the  confidence  of  those  who  had  hitherto 
acted  against  him  politically.  Lane  of  Oregon 
and  Gwin  of  California,  with  many  others,  were 
in  the  hot  flush  of  disloyalty,  and  it  was  hard  to 
convince  the  people  of  the  Southwest  that 
Stevens  was  not  in  league  with  them  for  the 
inauguration  of  a  Pacific  republic  even  if  lie 
was  not  committed  to  the  purposes  of  the  South- 
ern disunionists. 

Stevens  had  returned  to  Oiympia  intending 
to  become  a  candidate  for  re-election  to  Con- 
gress, but  at  the  Democratic  convention,  that 
assembled  at  Vancouver  soon  after,  he  with- 
drew his  name,  promising  however  to  support 
the  choice  of  the  convention.  This  action  was 
prompted  by  his  determination  to  return  im- 
mediately to  the  East  and  proffer  his  services 
to  the  Government  in  the  cause  of  the  Union. 
This  pui'pose  he  put  intu  execution. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


From  bis  early  and  thorough  traiiiiiiff  in  the 
military  academy  at  West  Point,  his  leading 
position  in  the  counoiLs  of  the  Democratic  party 
and  his  concededly  great  ability,  much  was  ex- 
pected of  him  and  for  him.  He  was  at  once 
appointed  colonel  of  the  79tb  New  York  regi- 
ment, the  famous  Highlanders,  whose  accom- 
plished colonel,  Camei'on,  had  been  killed  at 
Bull  Run.  His  service  in  that  capacity  began 
on  July  31,  1861,  only  ten  days  after  Bull 
Run  had  been  fought,  and  was  in  the  defences 
of  Washington.  In  Steptember,  however,  he 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  and  com- 
manded a  brigade  until  July,  1862.  On  the 
Ith  day  of  July  Mr.  Lincoln  appointed  him 
major  general  of  volunteers,  but  the  senate  re- 
fused to  confirm  the  appointment,  and  he  con- 
tinued to  serve  as  general  of  a  brigade  in  the 
Virginia  campaign  although  he  was  actually  in 
command  of  the  division.  At  the  battle  of  Chan- 
tilly,  while  leading  his  faltering  command,  him- 
self carrying  the  flag  which  the  color- bearer 
who  had  been  struck  by  a  shot  was  about  to  let 
fall,  he  was  struck  in  the  head  by  a  ball  and  in- 
stantly killed.  When  this  sad  event  occurred 
his  name  was  among  those  who  were  being  con- 
sidered by  President  Lincoln  as  successor  to  Mc- 
Clellan  as  commander  of  the  army.  .  In  the  es- 
timation of  the  army  his  name  was  ranked  with 
Meade,  Hooker,  Reynolds  and  others  like  them, 
and  his  special  friends  believed  him  fully  able 
to  cope  with  Lee,  undoubtedly  the  greatest 
leader  of  the  Confederates  during  the  war,  and 
they  prophesied  for  him  the  most  brilliant 
career.  He  had  made  a  careful  stndy  of  the 
mental  characteristic  of  the  great  Confederate 
commander,  together  with  his  methods  and 
tactics,  with  the  expectation  that  he  might  be 
called  to  match  himself  against  them.  Certainly 
his  position  and  ability  justified  him  in  thus 
preparing  for  the  largest  responsibilities  that 
could  come  to  him.  In  the  army  his  death  was 
felt  as  a  great  national  disaster,  and  was  cata- 
logued with  that  of  Kearny  and  Baker  as  one 
of  the  three  most  chivalrous  spirits  that  went 
out  on  the  altar  of  patriotic  sacrifice. 


The  intelligence  of  the  death  of  Stevens 
kindled  the  deepest  grief  not  only  in  Washing- 
ton but  on  all  the  Pacific  coast.  Like  Baker  in 
Oregon,  Stevens  typed  and  personified  the  loy- 
alty of  Washington.  If,  in  his  death,  Wash- 
ington lost  its  one  hero  in  the  field  of  battle, 
his  death  made  a  thousand  heroes  around  the 
altar  of  Washington  homes.  Disagreements 
and  political  rivalries  and  jealousies  were  for- 
gotten. His  character  was  eulogized  and  his 
memory  was  canonized.  When  Uie  Legislature 
met  appropriate  resolutions  were  passed  in  his 
honor,  and  the  members  wore  crape  for  ten 
days.  The  legislature  of  his  native  State,  Rhode 
Island,  also  formally  regretted  his  loss.  An  em- 
inent scholar  and  publicist,  Professor  Bache  of 
the  coast  survey,  with  whom  he  served  four 
years,  thus  characterized  him:  "Generous  and 
noble  in  impulses,  he  left  our  office  with  our 
enthusiastic  admiration  of  his  character,  appre- 
ciation of  his  services  and  hope  for  his  success." 

Thus  in  the  full  hey-day  of  his  power,  at 
forty-four  years  of  age,  the  man  who  most  im- 
pressed the  early  history  of  Washington  passed 
away.  But  he  left  aji  inheritance  of  real  great- 
ness and  patriotism  to  his  adopted  Territory 
and  State  that  constitutes  no  small  part  of  the 
fame  that  crowns  them. 

After  the  withdrawal  of  the  natne  of  Stevens 
before  the  Democratic  convention  of  1861,  Salu- 
cius  (Tarfielde  was  named  by  that  body  as  its 
candidate  for  Congress.  The  convention  had 
passed  resolutions  under  tJie  lead  of  Stevens  en- 
dorsing the  cause  of  the  Union,  and  its  nominee 
was  therefore  called  "  Union-Democratic."  The 
Republican  convention  of  that  year  named  W. 
H.  Wallace  once  more  as  its  candidate.  A 
faction  of  the  Democrats,  who  were  so  strong  in 
their  pro-slavery  affinities  that  they  would  not 
be  brougiit  to  sustain  the  cause  of  the  Union 
nnder  any  circumstances,  put  forth  the  name  of 
Edward  Lander  as  a  candidate.  The  result  of 
this  triangular  contest  was  to  draw  away  enough 
votes  from  Mr.  Garfielde  to  give  the  election  to 
Mr.  Wallace  by  a  plurality  of  818  votes,  while 
the  united  Democratic  vote  in  the  Territory  yet 


m  STOUT    OF    WASniNOTON. 


Ifii 


exceeded  the  Republican  bj  333  votes.  Thus, 
for  the  first  time,  Washington  sent  a  Republi- 
can to  represent  her  in  the  national  Congress, 
although  it  was  not  yet  clear  that  her  political 
complexion  had  been  changed. 

In  the  executive  department  of  the  Terri- 
torial goveriiment,  meanwhile,  rapid  changes, 
not  always  to  the  profit  of  the  people,  had  su- 
pervened. After  the  removal  of  McMuUin, 
already  referred  to,  the  secretary  of  the  Terri- 
tory, Charles  H.  Mason,  became  acting  gov- 
ernor. This  was  entirely  satisfactory  to  the 
people.  Mason  was  a  man  to  be  believed  in 
and  trusted,  and  had  a  strong  hold  on  the  confi- 
dence of  the  Territory  in  an  eminent  degree. 
But  soon  after  assuming  the  duties  of  the  exec- 
utive office  he  died,  universally  regretted. 
Stevens  pronounced  his  funeral  eulogy.  The 
Legislature  honored  him  by  naming  a  county 
after  him.  He  was  in  all  ways  a  worthy  man, 
and  an  able  pul)lic  officer.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Richard  D.  Gholsen,  of  Kentucky,  who  is 
entitled  to  a  place  on  the  pages  of  this  history 
only  because  he  was  "clothed  with  a  little  brief 
authority  "  over  a  people  with  whom  he  had 
nothing  in  common,  but  over  whom  he  was  in- 
stated by  the  appointment  of  a  national  executive 
who  had  political  debts  to  pay,  and  whose  po- 
litical small-change  for  their  payment  was  the 
offices  of  honor  and  emolument  in  the  Terri- 
tories. In  less  than  a  year  after  his  arrival 
Gholsen  returned  to  Kentucky,  much  to  the  re- 
lief of  the  Tei-ritory.  He  was  an  ultra  State- 
rights  Democrat,  and  here  ends  his  history  as 
connected  with  Washington  Territory. 

With  the  departure  of  Gholsen  the  executive 
administration  devolved  on  H.  M.  McGill,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Territory.  There  was  little  in 
the  internal  politics  of  the  Territory  dui-ing  these 
administrations  that  requires  any  special  record. 

Like  all  new  commonwealths  the  question  of 
the  location  of  the  seat  of  government  caused 
considerable  agitation.  The  Legislature  of 
1854-'55  chose  Olympia  as  the  capital,  but 
later  a  strong  effort  was  made  to  remove  it  to 
Vancouver.     At  the  session  of   1860-'61  a  deal   I 


was  made  between  the  representatives  of  Port 
Townshend  and  Seattle  and  those  representing 
the  Columbia  river  region  by  which  Port  Town- 
shend was  to  have  the  peinitentiary,  Seattle  the 
university  and  Vancouver  the  capitdl.  Acts  for 
this  purpose  passed  both  houses  of  the  Legis- 
lature without  debate,  but  in  the  haste  of  such 
legislation  the  enacting  clause  was  omitted  from 
the  bills,  and  they  thus  became  inoperative. 
The  matter  was  finally  decided  by  a  vote  of  th^ 
Territory,  supplemented  hy  a  decision  of  thd 
courts,  in  favor  of  Olympia,  but  the  university 
was  permitted  to  remain  at  Seattle. 

The  administration  of  McGill  as  Governor 
was  rather  creditable  to  himself  and  beneficial 
to  the  Territory. 

The  inauguration  of  Mr.  Lincoln  as  president 
was  followed  by  a  change  in  the  political  com- 
plexion of  the  Federal  appointees  in  theTerritory. 
W.  H.  Wallace,  a  resident  of  the  Territory  for 
several  years,  was  appointed  governor,  but  his 
appointment  was  soon  followed  by  his  nomina- 
tion and  election  by  the  Republican  party  as 
delegate  to  Congress.  L.  J.  S.  Turney,  who 
had  been  appointed  secretary  when  Wallace  was 
made  governor,  thus  became  acting  governor. 
But,  though  the  national  administration  was 
Republican,  and  consequently  the  Federal  ap- 
pointees were  of  that  political  faith,  the  Legis- 
lature still  remained  Democratic,  and  at  its 
session  of  1861-'G2  signalized  its  history  by 
voting  down  a  series  of  resolutions  sustaining 
the  general  Government  in  its  course  and  de- 
claring against  a  Pacific  coast  confederacy. 
The  council  went  even  further  than  this  in  its 
disloyal  coui-se,  and  poured  contumely  on  the 
national  cause  by  referring  such  a  series  of 
resolutions  sent  up  from  the  house  for  concur- 
rence to  the  committee  on  foreign  relations, 
with  directions  to  report  on  the  first  day  of 
April,  or  two  months  after  the  session  would 
terminate.  This  action,  redounding  so  little  to 
the  credit  of  the  men  who  voted  for  it,  was  so 
really  contrary  to  the  sentiments  of  the  people 
of  the  Territory  that  at  the  session  of  18r)2-'63 
the  joint    assembly  hastened   to  pass  a  series  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


resolutions  strongly  supporting  the  Government 
in  putting  down  the  rebellion. 

There  was  little  to  mark  the  current  of  Wash- 
ington history  daring  this  period  but  that  which 
was  purely  political,  but  such  changes  came  fre- 
quently enough  to  keep  up  the  gossip  of  a  "  nine- 
days  wonder  "  among  the  people.  Accordingly 
William  Pickering,  of  Illinois,  arrived  in 
Olympia  in  June  of  1862,  as  governor  of  the 
Territory  by  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 
In  December  following  Mr.  Tiirney  was  removed 
from  the  office  of  secretary  and  Elwood  Evans 
was  appointed  in  his  stead.  Mr.  Pickering 
came  with  the  recommendation  of  a  long  per- 
sonal acquaintance  with  the  president.  He  was 
by  birth  an  Englishman,  but  had  been  a  resident 
of  the  United  States  since  1821,  and  for  thirty 
years  had  known  Mr.  Lincoln,  enjoying  his  per- 
sonal friendship.  Mr.  Pickering  gave  the  Terri- 
tory an  acceptable  administration,  though  to- 
ward its  close  there  was  considerable  disagree- 
ment between  him  and  a  faction  of  the  legisla- 
ture over  the  reconstruction  measures  of  Presi- 


dent Johnson.  Mr.' Evans,  the  secretary  of  the 
Territory  at  this  time,  was  a  very  competent  man, 
and  faithful  executive  officer.  He  came  to  the 
Territory  in  the  company  of  Mr.  Steven.^,  in  which 
he  served  as  journalist  of  the  expedition,  and 
had  taken  up  his  residence  at  the  capital,  where 
he  had  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He 
had  brilliant  literary  ability,  and  as  a  writer, 
especially  on  historic  themes,  has  won  the  high- 
est place.  During  1865  Mr.  Evans  was  acting 
governor  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  office 
acceptably  to  the  Republican  party,  and  what 
was  better  still  to  the  advantage  of  the  Territory. 
Fairly  reckoned  among  the  pioneers,  no  man  has 
been  more  faithful  to  the  interests  of  his  adopted 
State  than  he,  and  none  have  done  more  to  call 
the  attention  of  intending  immigrants  to  the 
greatness  of  its  resources  and  the  excellence  of 
its  climate.  He  is  now  an  honored  citizen  of 
the  city  of  Taconia,  engaged  in  his  profession  as 
a  lawyer,  and  in  literary  pursuits,  of  which  he  is 
extremely  fond  and  in  which  he  is  a  master. 


CHAPTER  XX. 


SETTLEMENT  OF  EASTERN  WASHINGTON." 

First  Settlers — Country  Thrown  Open  to  Settlement — First  Town — Discovert  of  Gold — 
Story  of  its  Discovery — Rhodes  Creek  and  Elk  City — Salmon  River — Severe  Winter — 
High  Prices — Great  Influx  of  People — Strange  Mingling — Towns  Mapped  out — Coun- 
ties Organized—  Political  Agitation — Division  of  the  Territory — Idaho  Constituted. 


w 


\HILE  we  have  been  attending  to  the 
course  of  history  in  the  Territory  at 
large,  and  especially  in  that  portion  of 
it  lying  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  we  have 
not  forgotten  that,  in  area,  the  larger  part  of 
Washington  was  east  of  that  range.  Up  to  the 
early  sixties  that  part  of  the  territory  had  no 
history  except  that  which  was  involved  in  the 
story  of  the  Indian  tribes  and  the  Indian  wars. 
But  about  that  time  the  course  of  history 
changed,  and  it  is  necessary  for  us  to  follow  that 
change.     In  our  chapter  on  the  topography  of 


the  State  we  have  given  our  readers  so  full  a 
description  of  it  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  us 
to  dwell  upon  its  physical  characteristics  in  this 
place.  Up  to  the  early  tifties  it  had  no  per- 
manent white  residents  after  the  missionaries 
abandoned  the  country  on  the  Whitman  mas- 
sacre and  the  Cayuse  war  following  it.  Perhaps 
from  this  statement  a  few  names  of  white  men 
consorted  with  Indian  women  should  be  excepted, 
and  mo.st  prominent  among  them,  Mr.  William 
Craig,  whose  wife  was  a  Nez  Perce  woman,  and 
who  resided  at   Lapwai  among  that   tribe  from 


Bistort  of   wasiiinoton. 


1S4.J  until  his  death  in  October,  1869.  We  do 
uot  include  in  these  statements  the  people  con- 
nected with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  most 
of  whom  were  French  Canadians  with  Indian 
wives,  but  remained  in  that  region  after  that 
company  withdrew  from  the  field,  and  thus  be- 
came permanent  settlers.  Probably  Mr.  II.  M. 
Chase  is  fairly  entitled  to  be  called  the  first 
American  who  went  into  that  region  as  an  in- 
tending settler,  as  he  entered  it  in  1851,  and 
made  his  home  in  the  Walla  Walla  valley  for 
fifty  years.  Soon  after  him  came  Lloyd  Brooke, 
who,  with  Bamford  and  Noble  occupied  the  site 
of  the  Whitman  mission  in  1853.  but  none  of 
them  remained  permanently  there,  Mr.  Brooke 
removing  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  dying  there 
on  the  29th  day  of  May,  1893.  Mr.  Brooke 
was  a  man  of  many  genial  and  sterling  quali- 
ties, and  held  a  high  place  in  the  regards  of  the 
pioneers  of   Washington  and  Oregon. 

These  few  people  made  a  gallant  attempt  to 
occupy  the  beautiful  region  watered  by  the 
Walla  Walla  river,  but  the  Indian  wars  of  1855 
to  1858,  which  are  treated  of  in  another  place, 
came  on,  and  they  were  compelled  to  suspend 
their  operations,  though  they  mostly  returned  to 
them  at  the  earliest  possible  date. 

In  the  autumn  of  1858  the  Walla  Walla 
country  was  thrown  open  to  settlement.  The 
campaigns  of  Colonel  Wright  had  completely 
subjugated  the  Indians,  and  there  was  now  no 
danger  to  the  settlers.  Such  a  beautiful  region 
could  not  long  escape  the  acquisitive  eye  of  the 
adventurous  Americans,  and  so  quite  a  large 
number  of  families  soon  located  on  the  streams 
that  How  down  from  the  west  side  of  the  Blue 
mountains,  and  within  a  year  their  numbers 
were  so  greatly  increased  that  the  valleys  of  all 
the  streams  south  of  Snake  river  had  their  in- 
habitants, and  families  also  began  to  scatter 
over  the  mountain  slopes.  During  the  summer 
of  1859  the  population  so  increased  that  the 
Legislature  of  the  Territory  passed  an  act  on 
January  19  organizing  the  county  of  Walla 
Walla  and  appointing  a  board  of  county  officers. 

By  this  time  there  was  a  small  gathering  of 


buildings  on  what  was  known  as  "Mill  creek," 
about  four  miles  from  the  old  mission  station  of 
Dr.  Whitman  at  Waiiletpu,  to  which  the  name 
of  "Steptoeville"  had  been  given,  which  was 
afterward  changed  to  "  Wailetpa,"  and  which  had 
been  selected  as  the  county  seat;  but  when  the 
county  commissioners  came  together  at  it  in 
November  they  gave  the  little  village  the  name 
of  Walla  Walla  and  gave  to  it  a  town  govern- 
ment. Thus  sprang  into  being  what  has  proved 
to  be  the  chief  city  of  the  great  Walla  Walla 
country,  and  which  is  doubtless  destined  to  re- 
tain that  diotinction. 

But  up  to  1860  nothing  had  occurred  to  call 
any  general  public  attention  to  the  country 
itself  as  an  exceptionally  fine  location  for  homes, 
or  to  its  remarkable  agricnltural  capabilities. 
The  great  body  of  immigrants  had  really  not 
seen  it  in  their  passage  through  the  country  on 
their  way  to  the  Willamette  valley  and  Puget 
Sound,  as  the  main  emigrant  road  passed  twenty 
miles  to  the  south  down  the  valley  of  the  L"ma- 
tilla,  and  through  a  region  of  more  sterile 
aspect.  In  1860,  however,  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  the  mountains  of  Salmon  river,  200 
miles  northeast  of  Walla  Walla  and  beyond 
Snake  river,  brought  a  rush  of  adventurers,  as 
well  as  of  the  most  solid  and  substantial  people 
of  the  whole  Pacific  coast,  through  the  country. 
To  their  eyes  the  beauty  and  excellence  of  the 
country  were  patent,  and  though  they  passed  on 
through  it  to  the  distant  mountain  El  Dorado 
where  they  expected  to  gather  untold  sums  of 
gold,  yet  they  could  not  but  carry  its  visions  of 
beauty  and  verdure  and  restfulness  with  them 
into  their  rugged  and  self-denying  toil.  It  is 
proper,  as  this  is  a  most  important  era  in  the 
history  of  the  now  great  State  of  Washington, 
that  we  relate  somewhat  circumstantially  its 
events. 

A  visionary  story,  related  by  a  Nez  Perce  In- 
dian in  the  mines  of  California,  in  the  ears  of 
visionary  miners  who  are  always  apt  to  believe 
the  impossible  and  be  strongly  influenced  by  it, 
is  said  to  have  inspired  the  search  that  resulted 
in  uncovering  to  the  eyes  of  the  world  the  golden 


164 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTOlf. 


treasures  locked  in  these  pinnacled  ranges.  The 
story  told  by  tins  Indian,  in  half-anglicized 
speech,  was  tliat  among  liis  native  mountains 
far  to  the  north,  wiiere  himself  and  two  com- 
panions were  encamped  at  night  in  a  darlc  de- 
file, a  brilliant  star  had  blazed  out  upon  them 
from  the  face  of  an  opposite  cliff,  and  on  search- 
ing the  place  in  tlie  morning  they  had  discovered 
a  glittering  ball  that  looked  like  glass  imbedded 
in  the  solid  rock.  They  could  not  remove  it 
from  its  place,  however,  and  though  they  be- 
lieved it  to  be  a  "gi-eat  medicine"  they  were 
obliged  to  leave  it  there. 

This  story  was  listened  to  by  a  man  as  vis- 
ionary and  susceptible  as  the  Indians  them- 
selves. Dreams  of  Kohinoors  without  rival  or 
computation  floated  through  his  mind,  sleeping 
or  waking,  and  under  their  spell  he  left  the 
mines  of  California  and  became  a  resident  of 
Walla  Walla.  He  scouted  through  the  mount- 
ains beyond  Snake  river,  sometimes  alone,  and 
sometimes  with  companions,  the  latter  search- 
ing for  gold,  his  eyes  ranging  every  cliff  for  the 
enricliiug  flash  of  his  mythical  diamond. 

The  Nez  Perces,  who  feared  the  result  of 
these  incursions  of  parties  of  white  men,  ordered 
his  party  out  of  the  country  and  they  obeyed 
their  order.  In  leaving  the  country,  however, 
they  decided  to  turn  to  the  northeast  and  pass 
out  over  tlie  Lolo  trail,  the  same  traveled  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke  in  their  e.Kplorations  in  1806. 
They  procured  an  Indian  squaw  for  their  pilot, 
and  passed  over  to  the  North  Fork  of  the  Clear- 
water river,  and  entered  the  rugged,  cedared 
mountains  beyond.  In  a  mountain  meadow 
embowered  among  the  pinnacles  they  resolved 
to  stop  and  rest  for  a  time  and  let  their  jaded 
horses  recruit.  Pierce  was  still  dreaming  of 
diamonds,  but  the  remainder  of  the  parry  was 
searching  for  the  baser  and  less  poetical  gold. 
While  there  Mr.  W.  F.  Barrett  went  to  a  stream 
that  flowed  through  the  meadow,  and  with  the 
ready  appliance  of  a  simple  miner's  pan  tried 
the  soil  for  gold,  finding  about  3  cents  in  his 
first  panful  of  dirt.  AH  were  now  elated  with 
their    new    "prospect."     Constructing    a    rude 


"sluice"  out  of  cedar  bark,  they  had  soon  taken 
out  about  $80  in  gold,  and  thus  certified  the 
reality  of  their  discovery. 

Turning  back  from  the  place  where  their  dis- 
covery was  made,  they  returned  down  the  Clear- 
water and  along  the  great  Nez  Perce  trail  to 
Walla  Walla.  They  succeeded  in  interesting 
in  their  purposes  Mr.  J.  C.  Smith,  who  had 
been  connected  with  the  military  service  and 
hence  was  known  as  "Sergeant  Smith,"  who 
fitted  out  a  company  of  fifteen  and  returned 
with  them  to  the  newly  discovered  mines  in 
November,  1860.  Sending  their  horses  out  of 
the  timbered  mountains  to  be  wintered  on  Pat- 
aha  creek,  this  company  of  men  permitted 
themselves  to  be  snowed  in  among  the  stormy 
heights  of  this  most  rugged  chain  of  mountains 
for  the  winter.  They  built  log  cal)ins,  sawed 
lumber  with  a  whipsaw,  and  dug  under  the 
snow  for  gold  for  their  winter  pastime.  In 
March  Mr.  Smith  made  his  way  out  of  the 
mountains  on  snow  shoes,  carrying  $800  in  gold 
dust  which  they  had  dug  from  beneath  the 
snow.  This  was  shipped  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  the  news  of  the  discovery  of  "placer  dig- 
gings" among  the  mountains  of  Eastern  Wash- 
ington soon  kindled  a  blaze  of  excitement  all 
over  the  coast.  "Oro  Fino,"  the  name  given 
to  the  new  mines,  was  on  every  tongue.  The 
counters  of  the  stores,  the  bars  of  the  hotels,  the 
aisles  of  the  church,  the  firesides  of  the  homes 
were  all  vocal  wit!;  discussions  and  flaming  with 
visions  of  "fine  gold."  Thus  1860  closed  up 
in  Eastern  Washington. 

By  the  opening  of  1861  the  news  of  tliis 
discovery  of  gold  had  reached  every  mining  camp 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  individuals  and  small 
companies  of  men  were  facing  from  every  di- 
rection toward  that  golden  center  of  attraction. 
They  were  mostly  prospectors,  for  the  extent 
and  richness  of  the  mines  had  not  yet  become 
sufficiently  assured  to  move  the  multitudes 
thitherward.  These  prospectors,  during  the 
summer  of  that  year,  spread  over  all  the  mount- 
ains and  plains  of  the  regions  within  two  or 
three  hundred  miles  of  "Oro  Fino."     Between 


aisTORy  OF  WAsirmoToN. 


loS 


Salmon  river  and  the  Clearwater  every  gulch 
and  hillside  was  iioney-combed  with  "prospect 
holes."  Almost  everywhere  "  the  color"  was 
found,  and,  as  the  season  advanced,  many  "pay- 
ing diggings"  were  located.  Rhodes  Creek, 
Elk  City,  and,  later  on,  the  Salmon  River  mines 
were  discovered.  The  latter  particularly  were 
really  of  fabulous  richness.  They  were  located 
on  the  very  summit  of  the  Salmon  River  mount- 
ains, one  of  the  most  i-ugged  parts  of  the  great 
Rocky  mountain  system,  in  a  singular  swampy 
depression  where  some  small  creeks  have  their 
rise,  and  in  a  general  geological  formation  of 
soft  or  decayed  granite,  which  both  overlaid 
and  underlaid  the  "pay  dirt"  from  which  the 
gold  was  washed.  These  discoveries  came  too 
late  in  the  season  to  permit  a  great  influx  of 
miners  into  these  snowy  regions  in  1861,  but 
tbey  were  not  too  late  to  be  published  far 
aiiroad,  hued  with  a  golden  drapery  of  descrip- 
tion, and  to  excite  such  a  fever  of  adventure  all 
over  the  United  States  as  to  insure  a  very  tidal- 
wave  of  gold-seekers  in  1861. 

The  winter  of  1861-'62  was  the  most  severe 
ever  known  on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  was  intro- 
duced by  an  autumn  as  singularly  mild  as  it 
was  singularly  severe.  November  was  as  balmy 
as  an  ordinary  May.  Late  in  the  month  wai-m 
rains  of  unusual  copiousness  came  over  the  val- 
leys, while  the  temperature  on  the  mountain 
ridges  was  just  low  enough  to  turn  the  copious 
waterfall  to  snow,  which  covered  these  ridges 
to  a  remarkable  depth.  The  very  last  days  of 
the  month  the  temperature  rose  almost  to  sum- 
mer heat,  and  while  the  rains  continned  to  ]>our 
over  the  valleys  the  snows  on  the  mountains 
were  dissolved  in  a  day,  and  the  floods  came 
pouring  down  every  gorge,  swelling  rills  into 
torrents  and  torrents  into  rivers.  The  valleys 
were  innundated  from  Sacramento  to  Ri-itish 
Columbia,  and  1862  came  in  on  a  scene  of  deso- 
lation without  former  parallel. 

With  January  the  heat  changed  to  cold,  deep 
snows  covered  the  country;  the  thermometer 
went  down  to  zero  west  of  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains   and    many    degrees    below  east   of  them. 


For  three  months  a  hyperborean  winter  held  all 
the  land  in  chains  of  ice.  The  scattered  popu- 
lation of  Eastern  Washington  sufl'ered  especial 
hardships  and  deprivations.  Hardly  one  escaped 
impoverishment.  Nearly  all  the  stock  on  the 
ranges  died.  Many  travelers  were  frozen  to 
death  on  the  open  prairie-hills.  It  was  not  until 
late  in  March  that  the  snow  ijegan  to  disappear 
from  the  hillsides.  The  severity  and  depriva- 
tion of  the  season  are  best  attested  by  the  prices 
that  were  charged  and  paid  for  food  for  man 
and  beast.  Flour  was  $25  per  ewt. ;  bacon,  50 
cents  per  11). ;  liutter,  '$1  per  11).;  sugar,  50  cents; 
beans,  80  cents;  tobacco,  $1.50,  at  Walla  Walla, 
and  everything  else  in  proportion.  In  the 
mines  of  Salmon  river  these  prices  were  multi- 
plied by  three  or  four. 

Still  these  very  calamities  only  increased  the 
number  of  those  who  hastened  into  the  mining 
regions  of  Eastern  Washington  in  the  spring  of 
1862.  Men  who  had  ali-eady  lost  all  could  lose 
no  more  by  the  venture  of  a  summer  in  the 
mines.  By  the  1st  of  March,  long  before  the 
ice  in  Columbia  river  would  permit  the  re- 
sumption of  navigation  by  the  steamboats  upon 
it,  four  or  five  thousand  men  from  California 
and  the  Willamette  valley  had  congregated  in 
Portland.  Pefore  the  1st  of  May  not  less  than 
20,000  men  were  urging  their  way  up  the  Co- 
himbia  and  over  the  great  interior  plains  into 
the  mountains  of  Snake  and  Salmon  rivers. 
But  these  were  not  all  who  joined  the  human 
movement  thitherward.  They  came  from  the 
East  as  well  as  the  West.  As  soon  as  the 
spring  advanced  far  enough  to  permit  it,  the 
tide  of  emigration  from  east  of  the  Missouri 
began  to  sweep  up  the  plains  of  the  Platte  river, 
and  by  late  July  they  were  straggling  out  the 
detiles  of  the  Rocky  mountains  into  the  agri- 
cultural valleys  and  into  the  mining  camps  of 
all  that  region.  Not  less  than  10,000  were  in 
this  immigration.  Not  a  few  of  these  people, 
wearied  with  their  long  journey  when  they 
reached  Grand  Ronde  valley  in  Eastern  Oregon, 
were  glad  to  pitch  tlieir  tents  beside  its  beauti- 
ful streams,  but  by  far   the   larger   nutnber  fol. 


BISTORT    OF    WASUINOTON. 


lowed  the  lure  of  their  golden  hopes  and  kept 
on  toward  their  dreamed-of  El  Dorado,  and 
passed  over  tlie  Blue  mountains  and  nortiiward 
to  Oro  Fino,  Florence,  and  the  other  mining 
centers  of  that  region. 

The  story  of  this  year  in  its  relation  to  East- 
ern Washington  has  in  it  elements  of  weirdness 
and  wildness  that  carry  us  back  to  the  centuries 
of  the  cavaliers,  and  revive  the  memories  of  the 
old  gold-seekers  on  the  plains  of  Mexico  or  in 
the  monntains  of  Peru.  With  space  and  time 
enough  an  Irving  might  weave  out  of  it  a 
story  as  full  of  the  witchery  of  romance  as  any 
that  his  genius  ever  wrought.  But  oiir  sober 
history  cannot  stop  to  dally  and  play  with  such 
a  romance,  albeit  all  of  it  the  writer  saw  and 
part  of  it  he  was.  It  is  enough  that  we  say 
that  it  was  this  wide  tramp  of  swarming  feet, 
this  loud  ringing  of  the  pick  and  shovel  against 
the  flinty  sides  of  the  mountains,  this  rush  and 
roar  of  adventure,  tliis  strange  mingling  of  the 
best  of  the  good  and  the  worst  of  the  bad  in 
camp  and  mine,  this  uncouth  blending  of  pro- 
fanity and  prayer,  of  drunken  revel  and  peace- 
ful piety,  that  had  streamed  into  this  "witches' 
cauldron"  of  human  agitation  in  18(>2,  that 
awakened  Eastern  Washington  out  of  its  un- 
historied  sleep  of  barbaric  life  and  made  it  a 
commonwealth  of  a  strangely  promising  civili- 
zation. 

Of  course  the  opening  of  the  mines  which 
brought  such  a  vast  influx  of  population  into 
this  region,  served  also  to  draw  attention  to  the 
agricultural  capabilities  of  the  countiy.  It  was 
seen  that  it  was  not  only  a  country  for  the  gold- 
digger,  but  that  it  even  promised  more  to  the 
wheat-raiser  than  to  the  miner.  So  farms  be- 
gan to  be  located,  towns  platted,  roads  surveyed, 
schoolhouses  erected,  churches  built,  and  almost 
in  a  single  season  rude  external  forms  of  civil- 
ization began  to  be  developed.  The  town  of 
Walla  Walla,  as  we  have  seen,  had  been  laid  out 
in  the  preceding  year.  March  of  1862  had  not 
passed  before  Lewiston,  at  the  confluence  of 
Snake  and  Clearwater  rivers,  was  laid  out,  and 
in  April,  Wallula,  at  the  site  of  the  old  Hud- 


son's Bay  Fort  Walla  Walla,  was  located.  Neither 
of  these  were  mining  towns,  but  both  were  cen- 
ters of  trade  on  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Ter- 
ritory, and,  besides  two  or  three  mining  camps, 
there  were  the  first  organized  towns  of  the  vast 
country  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains  in  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

Parenthetically  it  is  proper  to  say  here  that 
the  Territorial  legislature  of  1858  had  passed 
an  act  creating  Spokane  county  lying  north  of 
Snake  river,  and  thus  divided  this  vast  inland 
empire  into  two  county  jurisdictions.  Pinkney 
City — a  name  soon  changed  to  Colville — was 
the  county  seat  of  Spokane.  It  drew  little 
public  attention  at  this  time,  as  the  great  min- 
ing region  absorbed  general  interest,  and  besides 
it  lay  far  north  of  the  general  lines  of  travel 
into  and  through  the  country.  Still  its  name 
and  the  date  of  its  organization  is  a  way-mark 
of  the  course  of  history  in  this  region  and  at  this 
time. 

With  the  opening  of  this  great  mining  region, 
and  the  impression  now  becoming  prevalent  that 
Eastern  Washington  would  prove  a  great  farm- 
ing region  as  well,  there  was  such  an  influx  of 
population  into  it  that  it  was  evident  it  would 
soon  overbalance  the  western  part  of  the  Terri- 
tory politically.  This  fact  prt)duced  antagonisms 
sometimes  almost  rising  into  personal  enmities, 
and  resulted  finally  in  a  movement  looking  to 
the  division  of  territory  and  the  organization 
of  a  new  one  east  of  the  Cascade  monntains. 
So  strong  did  this  movement  become  that  com- 
mittees were  appointed  in  every  mining  district 
to  circulate  petitions  requesting  the  Territorial 
legislature  to  memorialize  Congress  asking  for 
such  a  measure,  but  the  legislature  refused  to 
comply  with  this  request.  However,  a  bill  was 
introduced  and  passed  the  council  at  the  session 
of  18G2  and  '63  to  submit  a  constitution  of  the 
State  of  Idaho  to  the  people,  but  when  it  came 
up  for  action  in  the  lower  house  it  was  defeated 
by  the  substitution  of  the  words  "  the  State  of 
Washington"  for  the  words  "  the  State  of  Idaho." 
Defeated  here,  the  petitioners  appealed  directly 
to  Congress,  and  that  body  passed  an  act  which 


BISTORT    OF    W.iSIIlNCrTOlf. 


was  approved  March  3,  1863,  organizing  the 
Territory  of  Idaho  out  of  all  that  part  of  AVash- 
ington  lying  east  of  Oregon  and  also  that  part 
lying  east  of  the  117th  meridian  of  west  longi- 
tude. This  put  nearly  all  tiie  mining  region 
of  Washington,  and  some  of  the  best  of  its 
agricultural  lands,  together  with  all  of  the  great 
upper  valley  of  Snake  river,  into  the  i:ew  Terri- 
tory, but  it  still  k'ft  the  area  of   Eastern  AVash- 


ington  much  greater  than  that  of  Western. 
Thus,  ten  years  after  the  organization  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  the  population  had  so  increase<l 
in  its  intertuontane  region  that  a  new  Territory 
was  required  to  meet  the  eivil  requirements  of 
the  people.  There  I'emained  in  Washington, 
Walla  Walla,  Stevens  and  Klickitat  counties 
east  of  the  Cascade  mountains. 


CHAPTER  XXL 

TERRITORIAL  HISTORY,  CONTINUED. 

Change  op  Political  Morale — Causes — Slow  Pkogrkss — Delegate  to  Congress  Elected — 
George  E.  Cole — Low-water  Mark — Democratic  Legislature — Changes  in  Political 
Affiliations — Causes — Party  Conventions — Nominations  for  Congress — A.  A.  Denny 
AND  James  Sitton — Mr.  Denny  elected — Sketch  of  his  Life. 


\1TII  the  changes  in  territorial  area  re- 
corded in  the  last  chapter  there  came  a 
change  in  the  political  morale  of  Wash- 
ington. This  was  largely  from  the  fact  that  the 
occupations  and  business  of  the  people  were  now 
more  liomogeueous.  The  classes  of  people  that 
gather  about  a  mining  region  are  unlike  those 
that  select  agriculture  and  commerce  as  their 
modes  of  life.  This  is  not  saying  they  are 
worse — only  they  are  different.  D(jubtless  for 
keenness  of  intellect,  nervous  restlessness  of 
purpose,  and  personal  independence  of  action 
there  is  not  a  class  of  men  in  the  world  to  be 
compared  with  those  M-ho  have  ranged  the  min- 
ing regions  of  California,  Oregon,  AYashington, 
Idaho  and  Montana  from  1848  to  the  present 
time.  Many  of  them  have  been  men  of  the 
purest  morality  and  the  broadest  humanity.  Of 
course  with  these  have  mingled  many  of  the 
most  reckless  and  hardened  adventurers  of  the 
land,  not  a  few  of  these,  however,  being  men  of 
great  ability,  but  who,  for  one  cause  or  another, 
had  fallen  into  vicious  and  depraved  methods  of 
life.  These  men  were,  many  of  them,  leaders  in 
the  political  agitations  that  kept  \¥ashington  in 
a  ferment  during   the  period   of    the  civil  war. 


say  from  1860  to  1866,  and  were  almost  without 
e.vception  bitterly  and  blatantly  on  the  side  of  the 
rebellion.  In  the  sentiment  they  represented, 
if  not  in  the  life  they  lived,  their  ranks  were 
strongly  recruited  from  1862  onward  by  hun- 
dreds and  thousands  of  men  from  the  rebel  armies 
of  the  Southwest  who  brought  with  them  all  the 
bitterness  which  had  inspired  them  at  first  to 
take  up  arms  against  the  government,  and  who 
sought  every  occasion  ta  traduce  that  govern- 
ment and  insult  the  flag  that  represented  it. 
This  alliance  was  strong  enough  to  control  the 
politics  of  that  part  of  Eastern  Washington  that 
included  the  mining  country,  and  generally, 
through  that,  of  the  Territory  itself.  While, 
therefore,  the  organization  of  the  counties  of 
Idaho,  Nez  Perces,  Shoshone,  Boise  and  Mis- 
souli,  with  their  population  of  20,000,  and  their 
vast  mineral  and  agricultural  resources  from 
AYashington,  seemed  to  have  that  Territory  shorn 
of  half  its  proportions  and  strength,  it  neverthe- 
less gave  it  a  homogeneousness  of  character  and 
life  that  it  never  could  have  had  without.  In  this 
respect  its  great  loss  was  its  greater  gain. 

AVith   the   separation  of  this   mining  region 
front  AVashington   her  history  settled  l)ack  into 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  old  routine  of  a  slow  and  strugglino;  growth 
materially.  It  was  really  a  season  of  growth, 
but  of  that  character  that  leaves  little  for  the 
page  of  history.  The  great  war  was  going  on, 
from  two  to  three  thousand  miles  awaj  it  is 
true,  and  yet  it  absorbed  public  thought  and 
interest,  and  besides  it  absorbed  the  young  and 
vigorous  manhood  of  the  whole  country,  leaving 
little  for  emigration  and  adventure  in  the  en- 
ticing iields  of  national  construction.  They 
must  save  a  country  first  and  build  it  np  after- 
ward. So  our  Pacific  empire  had  to  wait.  But 
while  waiting  election  times  came  regularly  on. 
The  American  never  forgets  them. 

In  ]863  the  Democratic  convention  for  the 
Territoi-y  named  George  E.Cole  as  its  candidate 
for  delegate  to  Congress.  Against  him  the  Re- 
publicans put  forth  J.  O.  Eaynei'.  These  nomi- 
nations indicated  the  unsettled  and  doubtful 
condition  of  politics  in  the  Territory.  Eoth 
parties  passed  by  their  leaders  and  selected 
candidates  comparatively  little  known,  and  but 
slightly  identified  with  either  tlie  history  or  the 
prosperity  of  the  Territory-  At  this  time  many 
of  the  ablest  men  of  the  Territory  were  halting 
between  two  opinions.  Under  the  long  Demo- 
cratic rule  in  the  nation  that  preceded  the  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Lincoln  they  had  come  to  tlje  Ter- 
ritory as  Democratic  office-holders,  and  the 
traditions  of  their  old  faith  were  strong  upon 
them  still.  The  issues  of  the  war  were  yet  in 
doubt,  and  so  they  were  in  doubt  also.  Under 
this  atmosphere  of  uncertainty  the  nominations 
of  the  two  conventions  ■were  made.  When  the 
count  was  had  it  was  found  that  Mr.  Cole  was 
elected  by  a  small  majority.  The  aggregate  of 
the  vote  showed  that  the  voters  numbered  over 
400  less  than  two  years  before  in  the  same 
counties  that  voted  then, — an  indication  of  the 
great  draft  that  the  mining  exodus  had  made 
on  the  population  of  the  Puget  Sound  and 
Columbia  river  regions.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  King  county,  where  Seattle  is  situated, 
now  for  several  years  the  strongest  in  the  State, 
polled  but  173  votes,  while  Walla  Walla  polled 
590,    which    was    the    largest    of   any    county. 


Spokane  gave  but  ninety,  and  one,  Wahkiakum, 
but  twelve.  The  entire  vote  of  the  Territory 
was  3,233.  This  date  was  doubtless  near  the 
low-water  mark  of  the  prosperity  of  Washing- 
ton Territory. 

The  separation  of  Idaho  from  Washington 
left  the  legislative  assembly  witii  but  seven 
conncilmen  and  twenty-four  assemblymen.  Its 
color  was  Democratic,  but  at^the  same  time  not 
of  the  "  most  straightest  sect,"  for  it  required 
more  than  half  a  )nonth  for  it  to  complete  its 
organization,  which  it  finally  did  by  the  election 
of  Democratic  officers. 

There  was  little  in  course  of  legislation  dur- 
ing this  session  that  requires  special  mention. 
Indeed,  with  a  population  remaining  in  the 
Territory  of  less  than  13,000,  and  they  hard- 
handed  toilers  in  the  forests  and  fields  of  a 
region  large  enough  for  as  many  hundreds  of 
thousands,  it  could  not  be  expected  that  there 
would  be.  No  great  enterprise  could  be  under- 
taken, for  there  was  no  wealth  to  carry  them 
forward.  The  people  were  rich,  it  is  true,  but 
it  was  in  the  possession  of  a  great  though  unde- 
veloped country,  of  a  salubrious  and  healthful 
climate,  and  of  an  unbounded  faith  in  the 
future.  So  still  their  service  was  that  of  wait- 
ing. 

Nor  was  much  attempted  by  Congress  for  the 
small  Territory  lying  against  the  Western  sea. 
The  resources  of  the  whole  land  were  taxed  to 
their  utmost  to  "  keep  the  jewel  of  liberty  in 
the  family  of  freedom,"  and  not  much  could  be 
done  for  those  whose  claims  were  in  their  pov- 
erty and  indigence  mostly,  and  especially  when 
their  sympathy  with  the  struggles  of  the  nation 
had  been  so  doubtfully  expressed  as  had  been 
the  case  in  the  last  election.  With  the  excep- 
tion therefore  of  the  pro  forma  legislation  neces- 
sary to  keep  the  government  of  the  Territory 
going  nothing  was  done  in  or  for  the  Territory 
by  Congressional  action.  And  so  the  two  years 
of  the  Congressional  career  of  Mr.  Cole  passed 
away  and  the  time  for  a  new  election  came 
round. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Politically  the  two  years  had  wrought  a  great 
change  in  Washington;  the  result  of  the  now 
nearing  issue  of  the  civil  war.  The  beginning 
of  the  end  of  the  great  struggle  was  clearly  in 
view.  The  effect  of  this  was  very  obvious 
among  a  certain  class  of  politicians  whose  where- 
abouts politically  no  weather-vane  could  deter- 
mine up  to  this  time.  Now  that  the  cause  of 
the  Union  was  clearly  in  the  ascendant  they  be- 
gan to  see  that  duty  lay  in  the  way  the  Hags 
were  pointing.  So  they  hastened  for  pelf  where 
the  common  people  had  gone  for  principle. 
Under  such  conditions  the  conventions  of  the 
two  parties  came  on. 

The  Uepublican  convention  named  as  its 
nominee  for  Congress  A.  A.  Denny,  of  Seattle, 
while  the  Democrats  named  James  Titton,  of 
Olyinpia. 

In  many  respects  these  contestants  were  well 
matched,  and  well  represented  the  elements  in 
the  conflict.  There  was  no  doubt  as  to  their 
potitical  sentiments.  One  represented  repub- 
licanism, the  other  democracy  pure  and  simple. 
What  these  taught  and  fought  for  they  em- 
bodied. And  so  the  issue  was  joined  at  the 
polls.  The  result  of  it  was  that  Mr.  Denny 
secured  the  election  by  a  majority  of  1,138  in  a 
total  ballot  of  S.SlU. 

Mr.  Denny  was,  par  excellence,  a  pioneer, 
and  while  being  entitled  to  special  consideration 
as  such,  this  election  lifted  him  into  a  mure 
general  relation  to  the  history  of  the  Territory 
than  many  of  the  pioneers  were  fortunate 
enough  to  secure.  Hence  this  is  as  good  a 
place  as  any  to  give  our  readers  an  account  of 
that  part  of  the  history  of  Washington  Territory 
that  was  embodied  and  exemplified  in  his  life; 
for  the  best  part  of  history  is  the  story  of  the 
life  of  the  men  who  znake  history;  and  no  man 
in  the  State  is  better  entitled  than  he  to  the 
distinction  of  being  a  history- maker. 

The  Dennys  are  a  very  ancient  family  of  En- 
gland, Ireland  and  Scotland.  The  present  branch 
traces  its  ancestry  from  Ireland  to  America 
through  great-grandparents,  David  and  Mar- 
garet   Denny,   who    settled    in     Berks    county, 


Pennsylvania,  previous  to  the  Revolutionary 
war.  There  Robei-t  Denny,  the  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  was  born  in  1753.  In  early  life  he 
removed  to  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  whei-e 
in  1778  he  married  Rachel  Thomas;  and  about 
1790  removeil  tu  and  settled  in  Mercer  county, 
Kentucky.  There  John  Denny,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  born.  May  4,  1793,  and  was 
married  August  25,  1814,  to  Sarah  Wilson, 
daughter  of  Cassel  and  Ann  (Scott)  Wilson,  who 
was  born  in  the  old  town  of  Bladensl)urg,  near 
Washington  city,  February  3,  1797.  Her  par- 
ents came  to  America  at  an  early  day.  The 
maternal  and  paternal  grandfathers  of  our  sub- 
ject served  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  The 
former  belonged  to  Washington's  command  at 
the  time  of  General  Braddock's  defeat.  John 
Denny  was  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  1812,  being 
in  Colonel  Richard  M.  Johnson's  regiment  of 
Kentucky  volunteers.  He  was  also  an  ensign 
in  Captain  McFee's  company,  and  was  with 
General  Harrison  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames, 
when  Proctor  was  defeated  and  the  noted  Te- 
cumseh  was  killed.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  Legislature  in  1840  and  '41,  with  Lin- 
coln, Yates,  Bates  and  others,  who  afterward 
became  renowned  in  national  affairs.  In  poli- 
tics, he  was  first  a  AVhig  and  afterward  a  Re- 
publican. For  many  years  he  was  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  and  it  was  his  custom  to  induce  liti- 
gants, if  possible,  to  settle  without  resorting  to 
law.  He  died  July  28,  1875,  in  his  eighty- 
third  year.  His  wife  died  March  25,  1841,  in 
her  forty-fifth  year.  "  For  her,"  says  her  son, 
'•  1  had  the  greatest  reverence,  and,  as  I  now 
look  back  and  cuntemplate  her  character,  it  seeiiis 
to  me  that  she  was  as  near  perfect  as  it  is  pos- 
sible to  find  any  in  this  world." 

About  1816,  John  Denny  and  his  wife  re- 
moved to  Washington  county,  Indiana,  and 
settled  near  Salem,  where  Arthur,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  June  20,  1822.  One  year 
later  they  removed  to  Putnam  county,  six  miles 
ea;t  of  Greencastle,  where  they  remained  twelve 
years,  and  from  there  went  to  Knox  county,  Il- 
linois.  Speaking  of  his  boyhood,  Mr.  Denny  says; 


ni.^TORY    OF    WjiSniNOTON. 


"  My  education  began  in  the  log  schoolhoiise 
so  familiar  to  the  early  settler  in  the  AVest.  The 
teachers  were  paid  by  subscription,  so  much  per 
])upil,  and  the  schools  rarely  lasted  more  than 
half  the  year,  and  often  but  three  months. 
Among  the  earliest  of  my  recollections  is  that  of 
my  father's  hewing  out  a  farm  in  the  beech 
woods  of  Indiana;  and  I  well  remember  that  the 
iirst  school  I  attended  was  two  and  a  half  miles 
from  my  home.  When  1  became  older  it  was 
often  neces.sary  for  me  to  attend  to  home  duties 
half  of  the  day  before  going  to  school,  a  mile 
distant;  but  by  close  application  I  was  able  to 
keep  up  with  my  class.  My  opportunities  to 
some  exteut  improved  as  time  advanced.  I  spent 
my  vacations  with  an  older  brother  at  carpenter 
and  joiner  work  to  obtain  the  means  to  pay  my 
expenses  during  term  time." 

Mr.  Denny  was  married  Novemlier  23,  184^5, 
to  Mary  Ann  Boren,  to  whom  he  feels  indebted 
for  any  snccess  he  has  achieved  in  life.  Of  her 
he  says:  "She  has  been  kind  and  indulgent  to 
all  my  faults,  and  in  cases  of  doubt  and  ditti- 
culty  in  the  long  voyage  we  have  made  together 
she  has  always  been,  without  the  least  disposition 
to  dictate,  a  safe  and  prudent  adviser." 

In  1843  Mr.  Denny  was  elected  County  Sur- 
veyor of  Knox  county,  and  after  serving  eight 
years  resigned  to  come  to  the  Pacific  coast.  On 
April  10,  1851,  be  started  with  his  family  across 
the  plains,  reached  The  Dalles  August  11,  ar- 
rived in  Portland  August  22,  and  on  the  5th  of 
November  sailed  for  Puget  Sounil  on  the 
schooner  Exact,  arriving  at  their  destination  on 
Elliott's  Bay  November  13,  1851.  The  ])lace 
where  they  landed  they  called  Alki  Point,  at  that 
time  as  wild  a  spot  as  any  on  earth.  They  were 
landed  in  the  ship's  boat  when  the  tide  was  well 
out;  and,  Mhile  the  men  of  the  party  were  all 
busily  engaged  in  removing  their  goods  to  a 
point  above  high  tide,  the  women  and  children 
crawled  into  the  brush,  made  a  lire  and  spread 
a  cloth  to  shelter  them  from  the  rain.  In  speak- 
ing of  their  landing  here,  Mr.  Denny  says: 

"  When  the  goods  were  secured  I  went  to 
look  aftei'  the  wonien  and  found  on  my  approach 


that  their  faces  were  concealed.  On  a  closer 
inspection,  I  discovered  that  they  were  in  tears, 
having  already  discerned  the  gravity  of  the 
situation;  but  I  did  not^for  some  time  discover 
that  I  had  gone  too  far;  in  fact,  it  was  not  until 
I  became  aware  that  my  wife  and  helpless  chil- 
dren were  exposed  to  the  murderous  attacks  of 
hostile  savages  that  it  dawned  upon  me  that  I 
had  made  a  desperate  venture.  My  motto  in 
life  has  been  '  Never  go  backward;'  and,  in  fact, 
if  I  had  wished  to  retrace  my  steps  it  was  about 
as  nearly  impossible  to  do  so  as  if  I  had  taken 
the  bridge  up  behind  me.  I  had  brought  my 
family  from  a  good  home,  surrounded  with  com- 
forts and  luxuries,  and  landed  them  in  a  wilder- 
ness; and  I  do  not  now  think  it  was  at  all  strange 
that  a  woman,  who  had,  without  complaint, 
endured  all  the  dangers  and  hardships  of  a  trip 
across  the  plains,  should  be  found  shedding  tears 
when  contemplating  the  hard  prospects  then  so 
plainly  in  view.  Now,  in  looking  back  to  the 
experience  of  those  times,  it  seems  to  me  that 
it  is  not  boasting  to  say  that  it  required  quite 
an  amount  of  energy  and  some  little  courage  to 
contend  with  and  overcome  the  difficulties  and 
dangers  we  had  to  meet.  For  myself,  1  was  for 
several  weeks  after  landing  so  thoroughly  occu- 
pied in  building  a  cabin  to  shelter  my  family 
from  the  winter  that  I  had  not  ninch  time  to 
think  of  the  future."  About  the  time  their 
houses  were  completed,  the  little  settlement  was 
fortunately  visited  by  Captain  Daniel  S.  Howard, 
of  the  brig  Loenesa,  seeking  a  cargo  of  piles,  which 
they  had  contracted  to  furnish.  This  gave  them 
profitable  employment,  and  although  the  labor 
was  severe,  as  they  did  it  mostly  without  teams, 
they  were  cheered  on  with  the  thought  that 
they  were  providing  food  for  their  families. 

In  February,  1852,  in  company  with  William 
N.  Bell  and  C.  D.  Boren,  they  made  soundings 
of  Elliott's  Bay  along  the  eastern  shore  and 
toward  the  foot  of  the  tide  flats  to  determine 
the  character  of  the  harbor,  using  for  that  pur- 
pose a  clothes-line  and  a  bunch  of  horse- shoes. 
After  the  survey  of  the  harbor  they  next  ex- 
amined the  land  and  timber  around  the  bay,  and 


IIISTOIIT    OF    WASniNGTON. 


after  three  days  of  careful  investigation  they 
located  claims,  with  a  view  of  luiiiberiiig,  and 
ultimately  laying  off  a  town.  Mr.  Denny  came 
to  this  coast  impressed  with  the  belief  that  a 
railroad  would  l)e  built  across  the  continent  to 
some  point  on  the  northern  coast  within  the 
next  fifteen  or  twenty  years,  and  located  on  the 
Sound  with  that  expectation.  He  believed  that 
Oregon  would  receive  lai'ge  annual  accessions  to 
its  population,  but  in  this  he  was  mistaken, 
mainly  because  of  the  opening  of  Kansas  to  set- 
tlement. The  bitter  contest  which  arose  there 
over  the  slavery  question  had  the  effect  to  at- 
tract and  absorb  the  moving  population  to  sucdi 
an  extent  tliat  very  few,  for  several  years,  found 
their  way  through  these  territories;  and  a  large 
portion  of  those  wlio  did  pass  through  were 
gold-seekers  bound  for  California.  Then  came 
the  Indian  war  which  well  nigh  depopulated 
Washington  Territory.  This  was  followed  by 
the  great  rebellion,  all  of  which  retarded  the 
growth  of  the  Territory,  and  for  a  long  time  pre- 
vented the  construction  of  the  railroad  upon 
which  he  had  based  large  hopes. 

In  the  spring  of  1852,  when  they  were  ready 
to  move  upon  their  claim,  they  had  the  expe- 
rience of  the  fall  over  again  in  building  new 
cabins  in  which  to  live.  After  the  houses  wei-e 
built,  they  commenced  getting  out  piles  and 
hewn  timbers  for  the  San  Francisco  market, 
with  an  occasional  cargo  for  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  Vessels  in  the  lumber  trade  all  carried 
a  stock  of  general  merchandise,  and  from  them 
they  obtained  their  supplies.  The  captains  sold 
from  their  vessels  while  taking  in  cargo,  and, 
upon  leaving,  turned  over  the  remainder  to  JVIr. 
Denny  to  sell  on  commission.  On  one  occasion 
his  commission  business  involved  him  in  a  seri- 
ous difficulty.      In  reference  to  it,  he  says: 

"The  captain  of  one  of  the  vessels,  with  whom 
I  iisually  dealt,  carried  a  stock  of  liquors,  but 
he  knew  that  I  did  not  deal  in  spirits,  and  dis- 
posed of  that  part  of  the  cargo  himself  or  kept 
it  on  board.  On  one  occasion,  as  he  was  ready 
for  the  voyage  from  San  Francisco,  with  his 
usual    stock,   something    prevented    him    from 


making  the  voyage  himself,  and  he  put  a  young 
friend  of  his,  just  out  from  Maine,  in  command. 
When  they  came  to  the  whisky,  the  young  cap- 
tain said,  'AVhat  am  I  to  do  with  that?  I  will 
not  sell  it.'  ■AVell,'  he  replied,  'take  it  up  to 
my  agent,  Mr.  Denny,  and  if  he  will  not  dis- 
piose  of  it  turn  it  over  to  a  friend  of  mine  at 
Alki  Point,  who  is  in  tlie  trade.'  The  vessel 
arrived  and  the  new  captain  came  on  sliore  with 
a  letter,  explaining  the  situation.  1  told  him, 
'All  right,  Captain;  take  it  to  Alki.  I  have  no 
use  for  it.'  In  due  time  the  cargo  was  com- 
pleted and  the  captain  came  on  shore  and  in- 
formed me  that  the  man  at  Alki  had  on  hand  a 
fnll  stock  of  his  own,  and  would  not  take  the 
stuff,  and  he  would  throw  it  overboard  if  I  did 
not  take  it  out  of  his  way.  My  obligation  to 
the  owner  would  in  no  way  justify  me  in  per- 
mitting so  rash  an  act,  and  I  told  the  captain 
to  send  it  on  shore  with  the  goods  he  was  to 
leave,  and  have  his  men  roll  it  up  to  the  house, 
and  I  would  take  care  of  it  until  the  owner 
came.  I  was  cramped  for  room,  but  I  found 
places  to  store  it  under  beds  and  in  safe  corners 
about  my  cabin.  It  was  a  hard  kind  of  goods 
to  hold  on  to  in  those  days,  but  there  was  never 
a  drop  of  it  escaped  until  the  owner  came  and 
removed  it  to  Steilacoom." 

Mr.  Denny  continued  in  the  commission  busi- 
ness until  the  fall  of  1854,  when  he  entered  into 
co-partnership  with  Dexter  Horton  and  David 
Phillips  in  a  general  merchandise  business, 
under  the  firm  name  of  A.  A.  Denny  A:  Co. 
Their  capital  was  very  limited.  It  would  hardly 
purchase  a  truck-load  of  goods  now,  but  for  the 
time,  in  a  small  one-story  frame  building,  on  the 
corner  of  Commercial  and  Washington  streets, 
— afterward  occupied  by  the  bank  of  Dexter 
Ilorton  &  Co., — they  did  the  leading  business 
of  the  town.  When  the  Indian  war  came  on  in 
1855,  the  tirm  dissolved  and  Mr.  Denny  went 
into  the  volunteer  service  for  six  months.  He 
served  as  County  Commissioner  of  Thurston 
county,  Oregon,  when  that  county  covered  all 
the  territory  north  of  Lewis  county,  and  when 
Pierce,    King,    Island    and    Jefferson    counties 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


were  formed  by  the  Oregon  Legislature  lie  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  of  King  county.  In 
1853  lie  was  appointed  Postmaster,  and  received 
the  first  United  States  mail  in  Seattle,  Angnst 
27,  1853.  On  the  organization  of  Washington 
Territory,  he  was  elected  to  the  II(^e,  and  con- 
tinned  a  member  of  either  the  IIo\ile  of  Repre- 
sentatives or  of  the  Council  for  nine  consecutive 
sessions.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House  the 
third  session.  He  was  Registrar  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  at  Olympia  from  1861  to 
1865,  when  he  was  elected  Territorial  Delegate 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress.  In  1870  his  old 
friends  and  business  partners,  David  Phillips 
and  Dexter  Horton,  founded  the  bank  of  Phil- 
lips, Horton  &  Co.,  and  at  the  death  of  Mr. 
Phillips,  March  6,  1872,  Mr.  Horton,  although 
alone  in  business,  adopted  the  firm  name  of 
Dexter  Horton  &  Co.  Mr.  Denny 'entered  the 
bank  at  this  time  as  executor  of  the  Phillips 
estate,  and,  after  closing  the  affairs  of  the  estate, 
he  took  a  half  interest  in  the  bank,  under  the 
existing  firm  name,  which  Mr.  Horton  offered 
to  change  at  the  time;  but,  being  fully  satisfied 
with  the  name,  Mr.  Denny  declined  to  allow  the 
chanoe.     He  has   been    identified  with  the  for- 


tunes and  interests  of  Seattle  from  the  day  of 
its  foundwig,  and  during  the  active  period  of 
liis  life  it  was  his  earnest  endeavor  to  promote 
and  protect  those  interests  to  the  best  of  his 
ability.     After  reviewing  his  life,  he  adds: 

"  My  work  is  practically  over.  If  it  has  been 
done  in  a  way  to  entitle  me  to  any  credit  I  do 
not  feel  that  it  becomes  me  to  claim  it.  Should 
the  reverse  be  true,  then  I  trust  that  the  mantle 
of  charity  may  protect  me  from  the  too  harsh 
judgment  and  criticism  of  those  now  on  the 
active  list,  and  that  I  may  be  permitted  to  pass 
into  a  peaceful  obscurity  with  the  hope  that 
their  efforts  may  be  more  successful  than  mine." 

Thus  modestly  does  the  founder  of  a  great 
and  prosperous  city  refer  to  his  personal  career, 
which  is  emblematic  of  lionesty  and  integrity 
and  all  there  is  in  life  worthy  of  emulation. 
His  wife,  the  joy  and  comfort  of  his  pioneer 
life,  is  still  the  companion  of  his  prosperity. 
They  have  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  of 
whom  reside  in  the  city  which  is  so  closely  as- 
sociated with  the  manly  virtues  of  strength, 
enteiprise  and  courage  of  their  father,  and  tiie 
womanly  graces  and  fortitude  of  their  mother. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

TERRITORIAL  HISTORY,  CONTIKUED. 

Election  of  1867 — Frank  Clakk  and  Alvan  Flanders — Inckeask  of  Votes — Moore  Appointed 
Governor — E.  L.  Smith — Returning  Prosperity — Legislation  Sought — Navigation  and 
Railroad  (Jompanies — Alaska — Decay  of  Indians — Political  Changes — Sketch  of  Judge 
Dennison. 


DURING  the  Congressional  term  of  Mr. 
j  Denny  the  reconstruction  measures  that 
—  followed  the  close  of  the  war  were  pend- 
ing in  Congress,  involving  the  serious  differen- 
ences  between  President  Johnson  and  the  party 
that  had  elevated  him  to  power.  Little  could 
be  attempted  and  even  less  accomplished  for  the 
Territory  in  the  disturbed  condition  of  the 
public  mind.      Mr.    Denny   was  I'aitliful    to  his 


(  trust  but  beyond  the  usual  appropriations  for 
the  conduct  of  the  Territorial  government  there 
was  little  to  show  for  what  was  done.  When 
the  election  of  1867  occurred  both  parties  put 
forth  new  candidates,  the  Democrats  nominat- 
ing Frank  Clark  of  Steilacoom,  and  the  Repub- 
licans Alvan  Flanders  of  Wallula.  Mr.  Clark 
was  a  very  representative  Democrat.  He  was  a 
pioneer  of    the   Territory,  and    had    been    fully 


niSrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


identified  witii  its  interests  since  1852.  On  these 
accounts  he  was  nndoubtedly  the  strongest  can- 
didate his  party  coukl  have  named.  Mr.  Flan- 
ders had  been  a  resident  of  the  Territory  only 
four  years,  was  little  known,  and  therefore  thei'e 
was  nothing  in  his  nomination  to  inspire  the 
party  he  represented  to  activity.  The  result 
was  that  Mr.  Flanders  received  in  18(37  only 
seventeen  more  votes  than  did  Mr.  Denny,  the 
Eepnblican  candidate,  in  1865,  and  Mr.  Clark 
received  1,059  more  votes  than  did  Mr.  Tilton 
in  1865  and  came  within  less  than  a  hundred 
votes  of  an  election.  In  two  years  the  vote  of 
the  Territory  had  increased  1,076,  over  thirty 
per  cent,  showing  that  a  large  immigration  had 
entered  its  borders  during  that  period. 

Politically,  the  period  through  wiiich  the 
Territory  was  now  passing  was  one  of  turinfiil. 
Though  the  Repuljlican  party  was  undoubtedly 
in  tlie  majority,  yet  there  were  divisions  in  its 
ranks  arising  out  of  the  defection  of  President 
Johnson  who  removed  Mr.  Pickering  from  the 
Governorship  and  appointed  in  his  place  George 
E.  Cole,  late  Democratic  delegate  to  Congress, 
who  hastened  to  the  capital  and  assumed  the 
duties  of  that  office  before  the  Senate  had  acted 
on  his  nomination.  That  Ijody  declined  to  con- 
tirni  his  nomination,  and  aftei-  the  lirief  rule  of 
two  months  he  laid  aside  his  "  little  brief 
authority."  Finally,  after  several  nominations 
had  been  rejected  by  the  Senate,  Marshal  F. 
Moore  was  appointed  and  confirmed.  Mean- 
time Mr.  E.  L.  Smith  of  California  had  been 
appointed  secretary,  and,  arriving  at  Olympia 
in  June,  assumed  the  duties  of  acting  governor 
until  the  arrival  of  Moore  but  a  short  time  before 
the  assembling  of  the  legislative  assembly. 
Both  Mr.  Moore  and  Mr.  Smith  were  well  re- 
ceived at  the  capital  and  made  an  excellent  iin 
pression  on  the  people  of  the  Territory.  Mr. 
Moore,  who  was  a  native  of  Binghamton,  Xew 
York,  had  served  through  the  war  with  great 
credit  and  gallantry,  and  came  out  of  it  bearing 
the  rank  of  brevet  major-general.  He  was  a 
gentleman  of  great  suavity  of  manner, 
thoroughly  devoted  to  his  duties  and    conscien- 


tious and  intelligent  in  the  discharge  of  them, 
Mr.  Smith,  originally  from  Illinois,  had  spent 
some  years  in  California,  where  he  had  lieen  a 
popular  member  of  the  legislature,  and  though 
he  came  to  the  Territory  almost  entirely  un- 
known to  its  people  he  easily  won  their  confi- 
dence and  regard.  Thus,  although  the  admin- 
istration of  Mr.  Moore  began  under  circum- 
stances of  political  unrest,  it  really  proved  a 
most  satisfactory  one  to  the  Territory. 

Soon  after  Mr.  Moore's  arrival  the  legislature 
convened  and  the  new  e.xecutive  delivered  his 
message,  most  elaborately  and  intelligently  dis- 
cussing the  interests  of  the  Territory.  It  was 
a  document  not  only  of  much  ability  but  of  great 
practical  utility,  and  at  once  gave  the  new  gov- 
ernor a  high  standing  as  a  citizen  as  well  as 
great  credit  as  an  officer. 

Washington  had  now  evidently  entered  a 
season  of  prosperity.  In  two  years,  as  evidenced 
by  the  vote  of  the  late  election,  there  had  been 
a  large  increase  in  its  population  and  commer- 
cial and  mining  interests  had  appreciably  ad- 
vanced. A  tone  of  assurance  and  a  spirit  of 
hope  for  the  future  were  apparent  in  all  depart- 
ments of  life  and  Inisiness. 

In  legislation  little  now  was  needed  or 
attempted.  Some  efforts  were  made  to  cure  the 
evils  resulting  to  the  Territory  from  the  crude 
and  unsatisfactory  manner  of  Territorial  govern- 
ment under  the  practice  of  Congress  and  the 
national  executive,  and  a  slight  relief  was  ob- 
tained. The  practice  of  making  the  Territorial 
offices  rewards  to  broken  down  or  superannuated 
politicians  from  the  East  who  claimed  pay  for 
partizan  services  not  always  honorable  or  high- 
minded,  and  received  it  thus  at  the  expense  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  Teri-itories,  was  one  to  be 
strongly  condemned.  The  legislature  attempted 
to  cure  this  evil,  and  Congress  made  a  partial 
I'esponse  to  its  petitions  and  memorials  by  the 
enactment  of  rules  holding  appointees  to  more 
rigid  responsibility  on  penalty  of  loss  of  pay 
when  absent  from  their  posts  of  duty,  a  pro- 
vision that  would  touch  the  average  office-holder 
in  a  most  tender  point. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


At  this  period  the  growing  importance  of  the 
Territory  was  evidenced  by  the  organization  of 
navigation  and  railroad  companies  contem- 
plating the  opening  of  channels  of  commerce  and 
travel  on  the  rivers,  as  well  as  by  land,  south- 
ward and  eastward  from  Piiget  Sound.  One, 
called  tlie  Pnget  Sound  &  Columbia  River  Rail- 
road Company,  of  which  Mr.  S.  W.  Brown,  of 
Vancouver,  was  president,  expended  consider- 
able money,  and  by  publications  in  the  press  and 
the  sending  of  an  agent  to  Washington  to  co- 
operate with  Mr.  Alvan  Flanders,  who  was  then 
delegate  in  Congress,  to  procure  favorable  legis- 
lation, lirst  drew  the  attention  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Company  to  the  line  between  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Puget  Sound,  where  it,  a  little  later, 
built  its  first  division  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
This  company  actually  entered  into  contract  with 
Mr.  Ben  Holaday  for  the  construction  of  this 
line  from  Vancouver  to  Stielacoom,  near  the 
present  city  of  Tacoma,  and  bonds  at  the  rate  of 
^25,000  per  mile  were  printed  to  carry  out  the 
project.  Mr.  Holaday  was  then  railroad  king 
of  the  North  Pacific  coast,  and  for  a  time  the 
prospect  of  building  the  road  was  very  bright; 
but  Holaday's  failure  some  time  later  destroyed 
that  prospect,  and  meantime  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific stepped  into  the  opening  this  company  had 
made,  and  obtained  from  Congress  an  extension 
of  its  right  of  way  and  grant  of  land  over  this 
most  important  link  that  its  managers  had  un- 
accountably overlooked  up  to  this  time. 

Another  incident  of  historic  significance  to 
the  Territory  occurred  at  this  time.  Mr.  Seward, 
as  secretary  of  State,  purchased  Alaska  from 
Russia,  and  thus  extended  the  domain  of  the 
United  States  far  to  the  north  aiul  west  of 
Washington.  This  really  put  Washington 
central  to  the  possession  of  the  United  States  on 
the  Pacific,  and  greatly  stimulated  commercial 
enterprise  on  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia 
river,  and  indeed  all  over  the  northwest. 

Such  a  change  had  occurred  in  the  internal 
condition  of  the  Territory,  especially  west  of  tiie 
Cascade  mountains,  that  in  1868,  the  Govern- 
ment through   the  war  department,  abandoned 


Fort  Steilacoom,  and  disposed  of  the  buildings 
at  Gray's  Harbor  and  Chehalis  which  had  been 
abandoned  some  years  before.  This  indicated 
what  had  really  almost  eluded  the  observation 
of  tile  people  themselves,  namely,  that  tl)e  In- 
dians of  that  region  had  so  nearly  passed  away 
that  there  was  no  longer  any  danger  of  an  In- 
dian war.  A  few  weak  and  ragged  remnants 
of  the  once  strong  tribes  that  swarmed  around 
this  inland  sea  yet  lingered  here  and  there, 
poor,  filthy,  degraded,  a  prey  to  the  vices  that 
they  had  learned  from  abandoned  white  men, 
with  scarcely  a  remnant  of  the  fabled  dignity 
and  nobleness  and  bravery  of  which  writers  have 
spoken  remaining  to  cover  the  hideous  naked- 
ness of  their  wretciiedness  and  decay.  It  may 
be  confessed,  however,  that  this  writer  believes 
that  much  of  what  was  thus  ascribed  to  them 
aforetime  was  "  fabled  "  only;  still  it  was  sad  to 
contemplate  them  now  in  their  few  shivering 
bivouacs  when  winter  storms  were  dark  about 
them,  or  in  the  unclad  beggary  of  their  want  as 
they  sought  scant  food  at  the  back  doors  of  the 
dwellings  of  the  race  whose  coming  had  con- 
sumed their  people.  Still  who  shall  say  that  it 
were  not  better  that  the  steamer  and  the  plow 
and  the  rail  car  should  take  the  place  of  the 
canoe  and  the  hunter's  trail?  And  if  this  should 
be  then  they  must  perish,  for  no  pagan  tribe  as 
such  ever  built  a  mile  of  railway,  or  launched 
a  single  steamer  on  any  sea.  It  was  the  provi- 
dence of  progress;  and  though  we  might  feel 
the  pain  of  sympathy  for  that  whicii  dies  that 
higher  creations  may  live,  we  must  still  feel  that 
the  providence  of  this  law  of  universal  growth 
is  right.  Thus  these  people  were  passing  away, 
and  thus  they  have  ministered  to  the  incoming 
of  a  displacing  civilization.  But  we  may  not 
linger  on  such  moralizations. 

There  were  many  political  agitations,  arising 
largely  out  of  personal  rivalries  among  office- 
holders, during  this  period  of  our  history,  but 
it  would  not  repay  the  reader  if  we  should  recite 
them.  The  machinations  of  the  agitators  were 
mainly  directed  against  the  district  judges,  or 
rather  against  some   of   them,  and    the   purpose 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  openly  proclaimed  to  force  their  removal. 
This  purpose  finally  succeeded,  and  soon  after 
Grant  came  to  the  presidency  he  completely 
changed  the  personnel  of  the  judiciary,  appoint- 
ing B.  ¥.  Dennison  chief  justice,  with  Orange 
Jacobs  and  J.  K.  Kennedy  associates.  These 
men  were  all  old  citizens  of  the  Territory,  able 
lawyers,  and  their  appointment  gave  great  satis- 
faction to  the  Tei'ritory.  They  displaced  Hewitt 
and  Wyche  and  Darwin.  In  a  couple  of  years 
Jacobs  succeeded  Dennison  as  chief  justice,  and 
J.  K.  Lewis  succeeded  Kennedy  as  associate. 
Lewis  was  transferred  from  a  term  of  service 
on  the  bench  in  Idaho  to  Washington,  and  came 
into  the  State  with  a  record  of  ability  and  in- 
corruptibility that  gave  him  great  favor  with 
his  new  constituency. 

As  we  are  illustrating  the  course  of  our  his- 
tory with  reminiscences  of  the  life  of  the  lead- 
ing builders  of  the  State,  whose  story  we  are 
relating,  we  will  now  turn  aside  from,  the  ordin- 
ary How  of  the  story  and  introduce  to  our  read- 
ers lion.  B.  F.  Dennison,  who,  as  they  have 
seen,  has  just  closed  his  term  as  chief  justice 
of  the  Territoi'y. 

Ben.jamin  F.  Dennison,  now  a  resident  of 
Olynipia,  was  one  of  the  Argonauts  of  Cali- 
fornia, lie  was  born  in  Burke,  Caledonia 
county.  Vermont,  in  1820.  His  father,  Dr. 
George  W.  Dennison,  was  a  native  of  Connect- 
icut, whei'e  he  was  educated  in  sciences  and 
medicine;  then  settled  in  Vermont,  married 
Miss  Emeley  Jenks  of  that  State,  and  there  lived, 
devoting  his  time  to  his  profession.  He  was 
quite  active  iu  politics,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  served  as  County  Judge.  He  was  fitted 
for  college  at  the  Newbury  Methodist  Univer- 
sity, and  graduated  in  1845  from  Dartmouth 
College  at  Hanover,  New  Hampshire.  During 
the  "Tippecanoe  campaign"  in  1840,  though 
not  old  enough  to  vote,  he  was  an  active  mem- 
1)er  of  the  Whig  political  club  of  his  college, 
and  was  a  participant  in  the  county  and  State 
demonstrations,  listening  to  the  speeches  of 
Webster,  Ghoate,  Johnson  and  other  great  ora- 
tors of  that  period.     After    his    graduation   he 


went  to  Akron,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  read- 
ing of  law.  which  he  continued  at  Cleveland  iu 
the  office  of  Reuben  Wood,  who  was  subse- 
quently elected  Supreme  Judge  and  Governor 
of  the  State,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  court  of  common  pleas  and  in  the  supreme 
court  in  1848.  He  then  opened  an  office  for 
the  purpose  of  practicing,  but  with  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California,  and  imbued  with 
the  spirit  of  adventure,  he  joined  a  company  of 
seven  young  men  who  proceeded  to  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  purchased  a  prairie  outfit  with 
mule  teams,  and  in  the  spring  of  1849  started 
across  the  plains  for  California.  Being  inex- 
perienced in  prairie  travel  their  progress  was 
fraught  with  many  dangers  and  adventures. 
Their  teams  soon  became  jaded  from  too  rapid 
driving,  and  by  making  haste  in  the  start  their 
arrival  in  California  was  delayed.  They  were 
chased  by  wild  Indians,  and  saved  from  mas- 
sacre only  by  reaching  a  camp  of  emigrants. 
About  500  miles  out  from  Sacramento  they 
were  overpowered  in  the  night,  robbed  of  their 
mules  and  left  almost  destitute.  They  then 
made  small  packs  of  supplies,  and  each  with 
one  blanket  set  forth  on  foot.  The  Digger 
Indians  gave  them  much  trouble  at  night,  and 
though  caught  in  the  mountains  in  snow,  they 
dare  not  make  fires  for  fear  of  Indians.  AVith 
scanty  supplies  of  food  or  clothing,  they  were 
miserable  indeed.  Their  food  ultimately  gave 
out  and  for  three  days  they  lived  on  sugar  and 
water  alone.  Six  months  were  consumed  in 
this  weary  journey,  and  they  arrived  in  the 
Sacramento  valley  in  a  half-starved  condition, 
with  only  their  clothes  upon  their  backs — 
financially  "  dead  broke  " — even  pawning  a  re- 
volver for  a  square  meal. 

Mr.  Dennison  began  mining  upon  the  south 
fork  of  American  river,  but  soon  contracted 
fever  and  ague  and  became  unfit  for  labor.  He 
then  went  to  Sacramento,  and  after  recuperat- 
ing presented  a  letter  of  credit  which  he  brought 
from  Xew  York  city,  drawn  upon  Messrs.  Sim- 
mons &  Hutchinson,  merchants  of  that  city. 
After  describiiig  his  condition  and  fircnmstan- 


niSTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


ces  Mr.  Hutchinson  gave  hini  .^50  and  an  order 
for  a  bill  of  goods,  which  lie  advised  him  to 
take  to  Marysviile  and  sell,  that  being  a  central 
point  for  miners.  He  followed  this  advice, and 
with  about  $200  worth  of  sugar,  bacon  and 
camp  supplies  he  hired  a  boat  and  two  men  to 
take  him  to  that  place.  Accomplishing  his 
journey,  his  stock  was  quickly  exhausted  at  100 
per  cent,  net  profit,  and  he  thus  raised  his  first 
"  stake."  Returning  to  Sacramento  and  pay- 
ing his  bills,  he  then  went  to  San  Jose  for  his 
health,  and  after  gaining  a  little  strength  he 
hired  two  Indians  and  went  to  the  Mariposa 
mines,  where  he  was  quite  successful,  though 
unable  to  do  anything  hiu)selt'.  After  about 
two  months  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  then  a  city 
-of  adobe  houses  and  vineyards.  He  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law,  was  elected  one  of  three 
county  judges,  and  also  engaged  in  the  whole- 
sale grocery  and  hardware  business,  under  firm 
name  of  Childs,  Hicks  &  Deunison,  and  con- 
tinued business  for  two  years,  realizing  very 
large  profits.  He  then  sold  out  and  by  private 
carriage  drove  north  with  a  view  of  returning 
to  Ohio,  but  upon  arriving  at  Stockton  and 
learning  that  cholera  was  very  fatal  upon  the 
Isthmus,  he  changed  his  plans  and  sailed  for 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  taking  with  him  a  quan- 
tity of  California  saddles,  bridles,  etc.,  for  sale. 
These  sold-  rapidly  in  the  market  of  Honolulu, 
paying  a  very  handsome  profit,  and  affording 
him  a  considerable  amount  of  ready  cash.  About 
this  time  the  whaling  vessels  were  entering  that 
port,  and  the  officers  were  anxious  to  sell  drafts 
upon  their  employers  in  the  East,  allowing 
very  generous  discounts  for  cash.  These  op- 
portunities Judge  Dennison  improved,  and  re- 
turning to  San  Francisco  sold  his  drafts  at  a 
premium,  thus  converting  his  pleasure  trip  to 
one  of  considerable  profit.  Judge  Dennison 
then  located  in  Monterey  and  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  the  courts  of  that  city, 
Santa  Cruz  and  San  Jose.  In  1858  he  came  to 
Puget  Sound  and  located  at  Whatcom,  which 
was  then  a  settlement  of  3,000  people  living  in 
tents,  awaiting   the   opening   of   a   trail    to   the 


Fraser  river  mines.  The  road  was  subsequently 
decided  impracticable  and  the  people  dispersed, 
many  going  to  Victoria  and  advancing  liy  water. 
The  Judge  opened  his  office  and  engaged  in 
practice,  meeting,  among  others,  Mike  Sim- 
mons, the  old  Indian  agent;  E.  C.  Fitzhugh, 
who  was  subsequently  appointed  district  judge 
of  Washington  Territory;  and  Colonel  B.  F. 
Shaw,  now  of  Vancouver.  With  the  scattering 
of  the  miners  Whatcom  became  very  quiet,  and 
Judge  Dennison  removed  to  Port  Townsend  and 
established  a  home  and  continued  his  profes- 
sion. In  1868  he  was  appointed  Territorial 
Associate  Justice,  and  in  1869  Territorial  Chief 
Justice  by  President  U.-  S.  Grant,  but  after  one 
year  resigned  to  follow  his  large  and  lucrative 
practice  as  attorney  for  the  representative  mill 
companies  then  located  upon  the  Sound.  About 
1870  the  Judge  moved  to  Olympia,  subsequently 
to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  partnership  with  Gov- 
ernor A.  C.  Gibbs  for  two  years,  and  then  to 
Vancouver,  Washington,  where  he  followed  a 
general  practice  to  1889.  While  at  Portland 
he  married  Miss  Hattie  Menefee,  a  native  of 
Iowa,  who  was  appointed  Postmistress  at  Van- 
couver by  President  Arthur,  and  discharged  the 
duties  of  that  office  for  five  years.  In  1889  the 
Judge  returned  to  Olympia,  and  has  since  de- 
voted his  time  to  cases  in  the  Federal  and  su- 
preme courts,  through  which  he  has  carried 
many  intricate  and  complex  cases  to  a  success- 
ful termination.  The  first  suit  ever  brought  in 
the  Territory  to  establish  the  right  of  dower  was 
brought  by  Judge  Dennison  before  Judge  Will- 
iam Strong  in  behalf  of  Mrs.  Eby,  widow  of 
Colonel  Eby,  collector  of  customs,  who  was 
massacred  upon  Whidby  Island  by  the  North- 
ern Indians.  The  Judge  defended  the  widow's 
rights  and  established  her  claim,  and  tiiat  de- 
cision has  since-  stood  upon  the  statute  books, 
never  having  been  called  in  question.  Com- 
mencing his  political  life  as  a  Whig,  Judge 
Dennison  then  joined  the  Republican  party,  and 
has  continued  one  of  its  most  earnest  and  faith- 
ful adherents.  He  has  served  two  terras  in  the 
Territorial  Legi.slatui'i',  one  term  as  President  of 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  Council,  and  once  in  the  lower  house.  Thus 
briefly  have  we  attempted  to  portray  the  life  of 
one  of  Washington's  most  able  jurists,  who  has 
passed  through  all  tiie  phases  of  pioneer  life 
socially  and  professionally,  attendii.g  courts  held 
in  tents,  without  law  book  or  brief  in  court, 
the  judge    upon    the   bench   being   armed  with 


bowie    knife    and    derrini^er 


Vet 


upon 


thi 


foundation  has  been  established  a  legal  super- 
structure and  a  State,  upon  which  Mr.  Denni- 
son  has  impressed  liiraself  most  strongly,  and 
which  will  more  and  more  celebrate  the  work  of 
himself  and  others  like  him  as  the  years  roll  on. 


J^^^ 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 


TERRITORIAL  HISTORY,  CONTINUED. 


Alvan  Fandees,  Goveenoe— Mooee  anu  Garfielde  Eun  foe  Congeess— Chaeacterof  the  Candi- 
dates— Eesijlt  of  Election — Gaefielde  and  McFadden,  Candidates — McFadden  Elected 
— Changes  in  the  Goveenship — Geowtii  of  Population — Shaepstein  and  Jacobs,  Candi- 
dates— Sketch  of  Shaepstein — Sketch  of  Jacobs — Jacobs  Elected — Re-elected — Thomas 
H.  Brents  Delegate — C.  S.  Vooehees  Succeeds  Him— J.  B.  Alf.en — Governor  Feeey— 
Governor  Newell — Goveenoe  Squire — Chinese  Agitation — Ferry's  Reports — Governor 
Semple — Woman  Suffeage — Governor  M.  C.  Mooee. 


jITII  the  changes  in  the  Federal  office- 
holders in  the  Territory  noted  in  the 
last  chapter  came  the  appointment  of 
Alvan  Flanders,  late  delegate  in  Congress,  to  the 
office  of  Governor.  This  was  a  surprise,  as  it 
was  understood  that  he  would  again  be  a  can- 
didate for  the  delegateship;  but  doubtless  some 
political  necessities  ruled  the  hour  incident  to 
the  hopes  and  aspirations  of  other  men.  Moore 
had  served  as  governor  with  such  an  intelligent 
devotion  to  the  intei-ests  of  the  Territory  that 
the  people  generally  were  not  gratified  liy  his 
displacement.  In  the  other  changes  that  were 
made  Elisha  P.  Ferry  was  appointed  surveyor 
general  and  Hazard  Stevens,  son  of  General  I_ 
I.  Stevens,  collector  of  internal  revenue,  with 
Leander  Holmes  United  States  district  attorney. 
It  was  the  logical  outcome  of  these  changes 
that  ex-Governor  Moore  should  i)ecome  the  can- 
didate of  the  Democratic  party  for  delegate  to 
Congress,  and  accordingly  he  was  nominated  for 
that  place,  though  his  was  a  remarkably  con- 
servative Democracy.  The  Republicans  named 
against  him  Salucius  Garfielde.  Mr.  Garfielde 
had  been  the  candidate  of  the  Union  Democracy 


for  the  same  position  in  1861,  but  was  defeated 
by  W.  H.  Wallace,  Republican,  because  Ed- 
ward Lander,  an  ultra  Democrat,  divided  the 
Democratic  vote  with  him.  As  the  war  j^ro- 
grcssed  Mr.  Garfielde  had  become  a  Republican^ 
and  had  given  a  very  cordial  and  earnest  sup- 
port to  both  Mr.  Denny  and  Mr.  Flanders. 

As  an  orator  Mr.  Garfielde  had  no  e(|ual  in 
the  Territoi'y,  and  few  indeed  anywhere.  He 
was  a  cousin  of  General  James  A.  Garfield, 
afterward  President  of  the  United  States,  who 
at  this  time  was  winning  his  great  reputa' 
tion  as  an  orator  and  statesman  in  the  House  of 
Representatives.  Mr.  Salucius  Garfielde  had 
practiced  law  with  success  all  over  the  Territory^ 
had  repeatedly  canvassed  it  in  behalf  of  other 
men  for  the  position  which  he  now  sought,  and 
was  as  well  known  all  over  it  as  any  other  man. 

It  was  seen  from  the  beginning  tliat  the  strug- 
gle would  be  a  close  and  a  hard  one.  Mr. 
Moore  was  not  an  orator,  but  he  had  an  easy  way 
to  the  hearts  and  confidence  of  the  people.  His 
patriotism  was  undoubted.  He  had  proved  it 
on  many  a  battle-field,  and  bore  most  conclusive 
evidence   of  it  in   the   wounds  from    wiiicli    he 


JILsrORT    OF    WASlflNGfo^. 


constantly  suffered  received  at  Missionary  Ridge 
and  at  Jonesboro.  The  canvass  therefore  was 
a  most  animated  one,  and  at  its  conclusion  Mr. 
Garhelde  was  returned  to  Contrress  only  by  the 
narrow  iDargin  of  147  votes. 

By  a  change  in  the  time  for  holding  the  elec- 
tion the  Territory  was  called  upon  to  elect  a 
delegate  to  Congress  in  1870.  Mr.  Gartielde  was 
again  the  candidate  of  the  Republicans,  and  J. 
D.  Mix,  of  Walla  Walla,  of  the  Democrats.  At 
this  election  Gartielde  was  chosen  by  nearly  600 
majority.  In  1872  he  was  the  Republican  can- 
didate again,  but  was  defeated  by  Judge  O.  B. 
McFadden,  Democratic  candidate,  by  over  700 
votes.  This  retired  Mr.  Gartielde  from  popular 
office  in  AYashington  Territory,  although  he  held, 
for  a  time,  the  office  of  collector  of  customs  in 
the  district  of  Puget  Sound,  to  which  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Grant  in  1873.  Per- 
haps the  justice  of  history  requires  us  to  say 
that  Mr.  Gartielde  failed  to  secure  that  influence 
in  legislation,  and  that  respect  for  tlie  Teri'itory 
that  he  represented  in  Congress  that  his  abilities 
as  an  orator  entitled  his  constituency  to  exi^ect. 
Mr.  McFadden  was  nnfitted  by  illness  for  the 
arduous  duties  of  his  otfice,  and  so  little  was  ac- 
complished for  the  Territory  during  the  Con- 
gressional terms  covered  by  these  paragraphs. 
It  is  right,  however,  that  we  say  that  the  posi- 
tion of  a  Territorial  delegate  does  not  carry  with 
it  much  of  influence  beyond  that  of  the  man 
personally  who  holds  it,  as  it  gives  him  no  vote 
nor  position  other  than  of  political  mendicant 
asking  for  alms, — a  mortifying  and  unjust  posi- 
tion in  which  to  place  any  nominal  repre- 
sentative of  any  American  commonwealth. 

Alvan  Flanders  was  displaced  from  the 
govenorship  before  he  had  served  a  year,  and 
Edward  S.  Salomon,  of  Illinois,  was  appointed 
in  his  place.  He  was  a  German  Jew,  who  had 
distinguished  himself  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 
In  about  two  years  he  was  succeeded  by  Elisha 
P.  Ferry,  who  held  the  office  eight  years,  when 
he  was  followed  by  William  A.  Newell,  of  New 
Jersey,  who  retained  the  office  four  years. 

There   was   little   in   the  external  or  internal 


history  of  the  Territory  during  this  time  to  call 
for  special  notice.  The  common  subjects  of 
legislation  occupied  the  attention  of  the  suc- 
cessive legislative  assemblies.  There  was  a 
steady  growth  of  population.  The  vote  of  the 
Territory  rose  from  6,357  in  1870  to  15,823  in 
1880,  showing  that  the  population  had  consider- 
ably more  than  doubled  in  a  decade.  Every 
material  interest  had  kept  full  pace  with  the 
growth  of  the  population,  and  Washington 
entered  its  last  decade  of  Territorial  existence 
with  the  surest  prospects  of  soon  realizing  that 
for  which  its  pioneers  had  toiled  and  waited  for 
so  many  years.     But  we  must  not  anticipate. 

With  the  expiration  of  the  Congressional  term 
of  Mr.  McFadden  the  Democratic  convention 
of  the  Territory  offered  him  a  renomination,  but 
he  was  sick  in  Pennsylvania  and  declined  that 
honor,  when  B.  L.  Sharpstein,  of  Walla  Walla, 
was  named.  As  his  competitor  the  Republicans 
named  Orange  Jacobs,  of  Seattle,  then  chief 
justice  of  the  Territory.  In  all  ways  these  were 
representative  men.  In  an  unusual  degree  they 
had  impressed  themselves  on  the  best  history  of 
the  Territory,  and  as  illustrating  the  better 
character  of  the  people  w'ho  have  built  up  the 
feeble  colony  whose  history  we  have  so  far  traced 
into  the  magnificent  State  that  gems  the  north- 
western sky  of  our  glorious  Union,  we  introduce 
a  more  extended  notice  of  them  both  in  this 
place. 

Judge  B.  L.  Sharpstine  was  born  in  Steuben 
county.  New  York,  October  22,  1827,  and  was 
the  second  son  of  Luther  and  Abigail  Sharp- 
stine, natives  also  of  that  State.  When  he  was 
but  six  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to 
Michigan,  and  be  in  1846  to  Wisconsin.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm.  After  reaching  a  suitable 
age  he  began  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1852.  Mr.  Sharpstine  followed 
his  profession  in  Wisconsin  until  1865,  and  in 
that  year  came  to  the  then  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington, locating  in  Walla  Walla,  where  he  has 
built  up  a  large  law  practice. 

Mr.  Sharpstine  has  resided  in  the  Territories 
of  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and    Washington,  an 


nisTonr  of  Washington. 


engaged  in  tlie  practice  of  law  at  Phoenix.  In 
1860  lie  moved  to  Jacksonville  and  took  charge 
of  the  Oregon  Sentinel,  the  leading  newspaper 
of  southern  Oregon.  He  was  induced  to  do  this 
as  the  editor  and  two-thirds  of  the  population 
of  Jackson  county  were  secessionists,  and  the 
Union  people  desired  a  Republican  paper.  INIr- 
Jacobs  took  up  the  work,  and  carried  it  forward 
in  the  most  loyal  and  patriotic  manner.  Although 
he  became  one  of  the  marked  men  by  the 
"Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle"  and  his  life  was 
frequently  threatened,,  still  he  continued  the 
paper  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  then 
offered  a  very  flattering  position  on  the  Sac- 
ramento Union,  which,  however,  he  declined, 
thinking  it  better  to  stick  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  which  he  conducted  at  Jacksonville 
up  to  1869. 

In  1869  Mr.  Jacobs  was  appointed  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  "Washington 
Territory,  and  removed  to  Seattle  for  permanent 
settlement,  arriving  in  July.  In  January,  1871, 
without  distinction  of  politics,  he  was  unani- 
mously recommended  by  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory,  and  to 
that  office  he  was  appointed  by  the  President 
and  held  the  office  until  1875.  One  of  his-most 
important  decisions  involved  the  national  juris- 
diction to  the  island  of  San  Juan,  a  case  which 
at  the  time  excited  widespread  interest. 

A  man  named  Watts  was  on  trial,  charged 
with  murder  committed  on  the  island  of  San 
Juan,  which  was  then  in  joint  occupancy  by  the 
English  and  American  Governments.  It  was 
claimed  by  the  defendant's  counsel  that  the 
American  courts  had  no  jurisdiction  in  the  case. 
Judge  Jacobs  held  that  the  island  was  a  country 
within  the  sole  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  and  any  crime  committed  thereon 
could  he  punished  by  the  courts  of  the  Territory, 
which  by  the  organic  act  of  Congress  possessed 
equal  power  in  such  cases  with  the  Circuit  and 
District  Courts  of  the  United  States.  Feeling 
on  the  ])order  ran  high,  and  for  a  time  inter- 
national complications  seemed  likely  to  ensue. 
Judge  Jacobs,  however,  was  immovable.     Watts 


having  been  convicted,  the  Judge  sentenced  him 
to  death,  but  before  the  time  for  his  execution 
arrived  he  effected  his  esctape. 

In  1874  the  Judge  was  elected  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  the  Territory,  was  re-elected  in 
1876,  and  at  the  close  of  that  term  declined  a 
third  nomination.  He  then  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  Seattle,  which  he  has  continued 
very  extensively  in  both  civil  and  criminal  prac- 
tice. In  1S80  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Charles  K.  Jenner,  a  leading  authority  upon  the 
land  laws  of  AVashington,  and  continued  the  con- 
nection until  1891,  when  they  dissolved  by 
mutual  consent,  the  Judge  retiring  from  active 
practice  except  in  selected  cases,  being  now  in 
partnership  with  his  son,  Hiram  J.  Jacobs. 

In  1880  Judge  Jacobs  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Seattle,  and,  after  completing  his  term,  declined 
a  re-nomination.  In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the 
Territorial  Council,  and  materially  assisted  in 
effecting  the  change  in  the  exemption  laws  and 
in  securing  appropriations  for  the  penitentiary 
insane  asylum  and  university.  He  was  one  of 
the  commissioners  of  lilteen  freeholders,  elected 
by  the  people  in  1889,  to  prepare  a  new  charter 
for  the  city,  to  meet  its  increased  requirements. 
His  ripe  experience  as  a  lawyer  made  his  service 
especially  valuable,  and  the  charter  bears  the 
impress  of  his  practical  suggestions  and  careful 
oversight.  The  charter  as  prepared  was  adopted 
by  a  large  majority  vote  of  the  people  in  1890 
and  under  the  charter  the  Judge  was  elected 
Corporation  Council. 

Judge  Jacobs  was  married  in  Southern  Ore- 
gon, in  1857,  to  Lucinda,  daughter  of  Doctor 
Jonathan  Davenport,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1851 
and  a  skillful  physician.  They  have  eight  chil- 
dren, five  sons  and  three  daughters.  Socially, 
the  Judge  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  A:  A.  M, 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Personally,  Judge  Jacobs  is  a  man  of  large 
stature,  commanding  presence,  and  positive 
views.  He  has  the  courage  of  his  convictions, 
but  is  liberal  and  tolerant.  In  the  public  affairs 
of  the  Pacific  Northwest  lie  has  borne  a  promi- 
nent  part   as  pioneer   law-maker    and    judicial 


BISTORT    OP    WASniNGTON. 


officer,  and  is  still  an  active  factor  in  the  present 
era  of  rapid  development. 

Such  were  the  two  men  that  the  two  great 
political  pai'ties  had  placed  before  the  people 
for  their  suffrages.  There  was  no  danger  that 
the  people  would  be  unworthily  or  unfaithfully 
representated  no  matter  which  was  elected. 
Probably  never  before  had  an  election  been 
decided  more  purely  on  political  gi-ounds  than 
was  this,  for  tlie  character  of  both  candidates 
was  irreproachable.  They  defined  the  political 
complication  of  the  Territory  as  purely  Repub- 
lican, Judge  Jacobs  being  elected  by  over  1,200 
majority.  He  was  re-nominated  and  re-elected 
in  1876,  and  faithfully  and  usefully  served  his 
four  years  in  the  national  Congress.  His  com- 
petitor in  the  last  race  was  J.  P.  Judson,  of 
Port  Townshend,  a  younger  man  of  fair  ability, 
and  bearing  an  excellent  reputation,  but  of 
course  he  coulil  not  carry  a  Repliblican  Terri- 
tory against  so  representative  a  man  as  Orange 
Jacobs. 

Mr.  Jacobs  was  succeeded  in  Congress  by 
Mr.  Thomas  H.  Brents,  of  Walla  Walla,  who 
was  elected  in  1878.  He  was  re-elected  suc- 
cessively until  1885,  when  Charles  S.  Yoorhees, 
a  Democrat,  but  elected  on  issues  extraneous  to 
party  principles,  succeeded  him.  In  1887 
John  B.  Allen,  a  Eepnblican,  was  elected  over 
Voorhees  by  over  7  ,000  majority.  The  local 
agitations  that  gave  Mr.  Voorhees  his  election 
in  1885  having  subsided,  parties  had  returned 
to  their  normal  conditions.  Mr.  Allen  did  not 
enter  upon  his  term  of  service  as  Territorial 
delegate,  as  before  the  first  session  of  the  Con- 
gress to  which  he  had  been  returned  Washing- 
ton was  a  State  of  the  Federal  Union. 

Without  entering  into  the  minutia?  of  office- 
holding  in  the  Territory  it  is  proper  that  we  take 
up  the  line  of  executive  officers  and  trace  it 
down  to  the  close  of  the  Territorial  history  of 
Washington.  Mr.  Newell,  who  succeeded  Mr. 
Flanders  as  governor,  was  a  man  far  above 
average  standing  and  influence.  In  New  Jer- 
sey he  ranked  with  the  leading  men  of  the 
State.     He  was  three  terms  a  member  of  Con- 


gress from  that  State,  and  one  term  its  governor, 
and  was  the  candidate  of  the  Republicans  for 
that  office  against  General  George  B.  McClellan. 
In  1880,  President  Hayes  appointed  liim  gov- 
ernor of  Washington.  It  was  his  fortune  to 
follow  Mr.  Ferry  in  that  office,  a  man  whose 
administration  had  been  marked  by  so  much 
discretion  that  he  had  secured  high  considera- 
tion among  the  people,  and  was  already  desig- 
nated as  likely  to  reach  even  higher  political 
preferment  in  the  future.  The  two  things  es- 
pecially that  marked  the  administration  of 
Governor  Ferry  was  the  re-establishment  of 
civil  government  on  the  Ilaro  Archipelago, 
which  had  been  determined  a  part  of  the  United 
States  by  the  arbitration  of  Emperor  William, 
and  the  construction  of  the  Columbia  division 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  from  Kalama  to 
Tacoma,  together  with  the  building  of  the  nar- 
row-gauge road  from  Olympia  to  Tinino  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  line.  These  roads  were  the 
introduction  of  a  new  era  in  Washington  his- 
tory, the  unfolding  of  which  we  shall  hereafter 
trace. 

Following  that  of  Governor  Ferry,  Governor 
Newell's  administration  fell  on  propitious  times, 
and  proved  creditable  to  him  and  profitable  to 
the  Territory,  which  was  now  clearly  on  the 
flow  of  the  tide  progress,  though  it  had  not  yet 
reached  its  crest.  No  longer  was  Puget  Sound 
isolated  from  railroad  communication  with  the 
great  world.  Overland  connection  had  been 
made  through  Portland  and  the  valley  of  the 
Columbia,  and  along  that  line  the  throb  of  the 
impatient  footsteps  of  advancing  multitudes 
could  be  felt.  It  M'as  a  time  of  auspicious 
promise. 

Governor  Newell  was  succeeded  in  ISSl  by 
Watson  C.  Squire. 

Mr.  Squire  was  already  a  distinguished  citi- 
zen of  Washington,  and  had  strongly  impressed 
himself  upon  the  business  relations  of  the 
coast  when  he  was  appointed  governor.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  Methodist  preacher,  born  in 
New  York  in  1838,  and  educated  at  Middletown, 
Connecticut,  where   he  was  graduated   in  1859. 


BISTORT  OF  Washington. 


He  entered  at  once  on  the  study  of  tlie  law,  but 
soon  patriotism  called  him  to  the  service  of  his 
country,  and  he  enlisted  as  a  private,  but  was 
soon  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy  in  the  Nine- 
teenth New  York  Infantry.  When  the  term  of 
the  three-months  men  had  expired,  he  resumed 
his  law  studies  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  graduating 
from  the  law  school  in  that  city,  in  1862.  He 
soon  raised  a  company  of  sharp-shooters,  and 
was  given  command  of  a  battalion  of  the  same, 
serving  in  the  army  of  the  Cumberland.  He 
subsequently  served  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  Rosecrans  andCI.  H.  Thomas, constantly 
rising  in  distinction  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  became  agent  for  the  Remington  Arms 
Company,  and  managed  their  operations  to  the 
amount  of  $15,000,000.  He  removed  to  Wash- 
ington in  1879,  settling  in  Seattle,  and  at  once 
became  deeply  interested  in  everything  that  con- 
cerned the  prosperity  of  the  Territory.  His 
close  identification  with  the  business  of  his 
adopted  home,  the  distinguished  character  of  his 
public  services,  and  his  stainless  character  as  a 
man,  as  well  as  his  great  executive  ability,  ren- 
dered his  appointment  to  the  chief  executive 
office  of  the  Territory,  just  at  this  time,  one  of 
the  most  fortunate  that  could  have  been  made. 
The  country  had  entered  on  a  career  of  great 
material  development,  and  sagacity  and  ex* 
perience  in  such  lines  were  at  a  premium  now. 
Early  in  the  administration  of  Mr.  Squire  the 
people  of  Tacoma,  Seattle  and  other  places  on 
the  Sound  passed  through  a  season  of  great 
agitation  over  the  employment  of  the  Chinese 
Indeed,  for  some  years  before,  the  feeling  had 
been  increasing  that  the  gathering  of  great  num- 
bers of  these  people  in  the  cities  and  mines  and 
along  the  railroads  was  a  serious  menace  to  so- 
ciety and  a  great  detriment  to  the  laboring 
classes.  Their  presence  and  work  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  great  lines  of  railroads  had  been 
a  conceded  necessity,  as  it  was  not  possi])le  to 
procure  white  labor  enough  to  meet  the  exigencies 
of  the  occasion.  Now,  however,  the  Knights  of 
Labor,  an  organization  in  the  professed  interests 
of  workers,  aided  by  many  others,  attempted  to 


expel  them  from  the  country  by  violent  measures- 
At  Tacoma  they  were  required  to  leave  at  a 
month's  notice.  At  Seattle  and  among  the  coal 
miners  the  agitation  was  greatest,  and  resulted 
in  general  disorder.  Governor  Squire  acted 
promptly  liy  issuing  a  proclamation  calling  on 
the  people  to  preserve  the  peace,  but  this  was 
answered  the  next  day  by  the  mob  setting  on 
lire  several  Chinese  houses.  Troops  were  ordered 
from  Vancouver,  and  a  statement  of  the  situa- 
tion forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
which  resulted  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Presi- 
dent, and  for  a  time  the  disturbance  was  quieted. 
A  few  months  later,  however,  it  broke  out  more 
violently  than  ever.  Lives  were  lost  in  en- 
deavoring to  protect  the  Chinese,  and  a  condi- 
tion of  rebellion  against  the  constituted  autiiori- 
ties  existed.  The  exigency  was  great.  Gover- 
ner  Squire  adopted  extreme  measures, — the  only 
ones  that  can  meet  extreme  cases.  He  pro- 
claimed martial  law,  and  finally,  by  the  aid  of 
the  citizens  and  troops,  succeeded  in  restoring 
order.  His  course  met  the  strong  ajjproval  of 
President  Cleveland  and  his  cabinet,  and  as  a 
token  of  the  approbation  by  the  national  execu- 
tive of  his  course,  his  proffered  resignation  of 
the  office  of  governor  was  not  accepted  until 
long  after  the  Democrats  has  succeeded  to  power. 
The  reports  of  Governor  Squire  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  were  of  such  a  complete 
character  as  to  receive  even  a  national  attention. 
That  for  1884  was  declared  by  that  official  to  be 
the  "best  that  had  ever  been  given  by  any 
governor  of  any  Territory."  The  demand  for 
it  throughout  the  East  was  so  great  that,  after 
the  Government  edition  was  exhausted,  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  published 
a  special  edition  of  5,000  copies  at  its  own  ex- 
pense. His  report  for  1885  was  even  more  com- 
plete than  that  of  1884,  and  under  the  title  of 
the  "Resources  and  Development  of  Washing- 
ton Territory"  it  was  scattered  all  over  the 
United  States  and  Europe  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  and  by  the  people  of 
Washington,  and  did  more  than  any  other  one 
thing  to  call  unusual  attention  to  the  marvelous 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


r3gion  of  which  he  was  the  chief  executive,  and  to 
prepare  Congress  and  the  nation  for  the  admis- 
sion of  Washington  as  a  State  in  the  Union. 

The  Democratic  party  having  acceded  to 
power  in  the  nation,  Eugene  Semple,  of  Oregon, 
was  appointed  governor  of  Washington.  Mr. 
Semple,  though  a  man  of  considerable  talent, 
and  industrious,  did  not  possess  the  executive 
force  of  his  predecessor.  Still  his  management 
of  the  affairs  of  the  Territory  was,  on  the  whole, 
commendable,  and  ministered  to  its-  continued 
prosperity.  During  his  term  there  were  several 
questions  of  a  political  and  local  character  that 
excited  considerable  attention.  Among  these 
was  the  contest  in  the  legislation  and  before  the 
courts  on  tlie  question  of  woman  suffrage.  The 
long-drawn  and  rather  acrimonious  conflict  on 
this  question  cannot  be  followed  through  its 
ramifications,  but  it  may  suffice  to  say  that  the 
legislature  passed  an  act  conferring  upon  women 


the  right  to  vote  at  all  elections.  This  act  was 
subsequently  declared  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  Territory  to  be  unconstitutional.  But  the 
sentiment  in  favor  of  it  was  sufficiently  strong 
to  make  it  a  party  question  in  1886.  The  Ke- 
pubiicans  incorporated  it  into  their  platform,  and 
quite  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  the 
succeeding  legislature  was  pledged  to  vote  for 
a  bill  restoring  woman  sufl'rage. 

In  1888  Mr.  Miles  C.  Moore,  of  Walla  Walla, 
!   a   Republican,  was  apjwinted  governor  to  suc- 
j   ceed  Semple.     He  came  to  the   office  only  just 
\    in   time    to   entitle   himself   to    the  designation 
governor,  as  the  Territory  was  just  now  in  the 
whirl  of  excitement  attendant  on  its  change  to 
the  condition  of  Statehood.     To  this  change,  and 
the  course  of  legislation  and  prosperity  prepara- 
tory to  it  since  1880,  we  shall  invite  our  readers 
in  tiie  next  chapter. 


CHAPTER  XXI Y. 

PROGRESS  TO    STATEHOOD. 

Great  Progress — Its  Causes — Hailroads — The  Northern  Pacific — History  of  Action  Con- 
cerning Statehood — Washington  Admitted  into  the  Union — State  Officers  Elected — 
Other  Questions  Voted  Upon — Inauguration  of  State  Government — J.  B.  Allen  and 
W.  C.  Squire  Elected  Senators — Following    Elections. 


THE  few  years  immediately  antedating  the 
point  reached  in  the  history  of  Washing- 
ton in  our  last  chapter  were  marked  by  an 
advancement  in  every  interest  of  the  now 
prosperous  commonwealth  that  was  truly  phe- 
nomenal. The  Territory  went  out  of  the  seventh 
decade  of  the  century  with  hardly  more  than 
70,000  people,  and  it  entered  the  last  half  of 
the  eighth  decade  with  fully  150,000.  Tims  in 
five  years  it  had  more  than  doubled  its  people. 
Every  material  and  social  interest  had  kept 
pace  with  the  growth  of  popnlation.  A  very 
tidal-wave  of  progress  was  sweeping  over  the 
land.  The  hopes  and  prophecies  of  the  pio- 
neers were  being    fulfilled.     New    towns,  some 


of  them  legitimately  claiming  to  be  cities,  had 
sprung  up  among  the  firs  and  cedars  of  the 
Puget  Sound  country,  and  out  on  the  treeless 
prairies  of  E^istern  Washington,  almost  in  a 
night.  All  that  goes  to  make  up  the  civiliza- 
tion of  our  day  had  appeared  almost  in  a 
moment.  Commerce  came  flying  on  white 
wings  into  the  harbors  of  Puget  Sound.  Manu- 
factures thundered  their  forges  and  whirred 
their  engines  on  river  and  stream.  Banks 
counted  their  discounts  over  mahogany  counters 
amidst  piles  of  gold.  Churches  and  school- 
houses  fit  to  adorn  a  metropolis  were  built 
almost  before  the  shades  of  the  great  cedars  had 
faded  from  the    ground    where  they  stood.     A 


BISTORT    OF    WASBTNGTON. 


very    delirium    of    progress    tlirilled    the    land. 

But  all  this  did  not  come  without  a  cause, 
nor  was  its  cause  hard  or  far  to  find.  It  was  in 
the  construction  and  operation  of  great  lines  of 
railroads  within  the  borders  of  the  Territory. 
At  the  opening  of  1886,  the  Northern  Pacific 
Company  had  455  miles;  the  Oregon  Eailway 
&  Navigation  Company,  295 ;  the  Puget  Sound 
A;  Columbia,  44;  the  Puget  Sound  Shore,  23; 
and  the  Olympia  &  Chehalis  Company,  15;  in 
all  866  miles,  where  only  a  few  years  before 
there  were  but  a  few  miles  in  the  entire  Ter- 
ritory. This  was  cause  to  the  effect  of  the 
wonderful  growth  of  Washington  by  which  it 
so  suddenly  readied  its  resplendent  place  as  a 
State.  As  so  much  of  it  all  turned  on  the  con- 
struction of  the  great  Northern  Pacific  line,  it 
is  fitting  that  we  give  a  somewhat  extended 
notice  of  the  inception  and  progress  of  that 
great  national  work.  Our  notice  is  taken  from 
the  authorized  account  given  by  the  State  of 
Washington  itself  at  the  great  Columbian  Ex- 
position in  Chicago  in  1893,  and  is  without 
doubt  a  fair  summation  of  the  facts  attending 
the  progress  of  that  great  work. 

"  At  the  very  birth  of  Washington,  its  future 
development  and  greatness  were  believed  to  de- 
pend upon  the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad,  and  the  location  of  its  terminal  port 
upon  Puget  Sound.  It  was  the  route  and  road 
earliest  proposed  for  transit  of  the  continent. 
Its  friends  and  propagandists  crystallized  such  a 
public  sentiment  before  even  California  had 
become  United  States  territory,  that  rendered 
probable  the  building  of  a  transcontinental  rail- 
way. For  over  half  a  century  the  agitation  of 
a  Northern  Pacific  railroad  had  been  continued. 

"  In  1853,  Congress  appropriated  $150,000 
for  surveys  to  ascertain  the  most  practicable 
railroad  route  from  the  Mississippi  river  to  the 
Pacific  ocean.  The  Secretary  of  War  deter- 
mined upon  the  lines  to  be  examined,  and 
selected  those  who  were  to  conduct  the  explora- 
tions. On  the  18th  of  April,  1853,  Isaac  I. 
Stevens,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington, was  assigned  to  tlie  charge  of  the  north- 


ern route,  with  instructions  to  explore  and 
survey  a  route  from  the  sources  of  the  Missis- 
sipjii  river  to  Puget  Sound.  George  B.  Mc- 
Clellan,  then  brevet  Captain  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army,  proceeded  direct  to  Puget 
Sound,  and  with  a  party  explored  the  Cascade 
range  of  mountains,  thence  eastward  until  he 
met  the  main  party  under  Governor  Stevens, 
marching  -westward  from  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 
The  decisive  points  determined  were  the  practi- 
cability of  the  Ivocky  mountains  and  Cascade 
range,  and  the  eligibility  of  the  approaches. 
Governor  Stevens  recommended  that  from  the 
vicinity  of  the  mouth  of  Snake  river,  there 
should  be  two  branches,  one  to  Puget  Sound 
across  the  Cascade  mountains,  and  the  other 
down  the  Columbia  river  ou  the  northern  side. 
Governor  Stevens  in  his  message,  addresses  and 
personal  eflbrts;  the  Legislature  by  memorials 
and  legislations;  the  press  and  the  prominent 
citizens  of  the  Territory, — kept  alive  the  agita- 
tion of  the  'Northern  route'  from  the  time 
that  the  successful  results  of  the  Stevens  survey 
had  been  published. 

"  On  the  28th  of  January,  1857,  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  Territory  passed  'An  act  to  incor- 
porate the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.' 
That  earliest  charter  named  as  corporators,  Gov- 
ernor Stevens  and  numerous  citizens  of  Wash- 
ington, Oregon,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Illinois, 
Iowa,  California,  Maine  and  New  York.  That 
act  prescribed  lines  of  road  almost  identi- 
cal with  the  present  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
system.  On  July  2,  1864,  Congress  granted 
the  charter  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kailroad 
Company.  Josiah  Perham,  of  Boston,  was  its 
first  president.  The  title  defines  the  franchise: 
'  An  act  granting  lands  to  aid  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  from  Lake 
Superior  to  Puget  Sound  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
by  the  northern  route.'  The  company  were  to 
accept  in  writing  the  conditions  imposed,  and 
notify  the  President  of  the  United  States.  On 
the  15th  of  December,  1864,  the  acceptance 
was  made.  As  the  charter  prohibited  the  issue 
of  bonds,    the    company   were   handicapped    in 


HISTORY    OP    WASniNOTON. 


raising  funds.  Perbaiu  and  his  associates,  dis- 
heartened, transferred  the  charter  to  Governor 
J.  Gregory  Smith  and  associates. 

"  In  18()6  Congress  was  petitioned  to  extend 
aid.  The  company  asked  no  money,  Init  simply 
a  guarantee  of  interest  on  a  portion  of  its  stock 
for  a  term  of  years,  bnt  were  denied.  In  1867 
two  parties  were  engaged  in  c.xamininir  tin-  passes 
of  the  Cascade  range  for  a  direct  line  to  Tnget 
Sound  and  in  locating  a  line  eastward  from 
Portland,  Oregon,  np  the  valley  of  the  Co- 
lumbia. 

"  Congress,  on  IMay  31,  1870,  authorized  the 
issuance  of  bonds  for  the  construction  of  the 
road,  with  authority  to  secure  the  same  by 
mortgage  on  all  property  of  the  company,  in- 
cluding the  franchise. 

"  A  mortgage  to  secure  those  lionds  was 
executed  on  the  1st  of  July,  187(1,  to  Jay  Cooke 
and  J.  Edgar  Thompson,  trustees.  Those 
amendments  to  the  charter  could  not  have  been 
secured  but  by  the  influence  of  the  Oregon 
United  States  Senators.  Naturally  from  thence- 
forth the  policy  of  the  Northern  Pacific  was  to 
forward  the  interest,  growth  and  development  of 
Portland.  The  line  across  the  Cascade  moun- 
tains, transposed  from  the  main  line  to  branch, 
was  to  be  indefinitely  postponed.  With  |5,000,- 
000  advanced  by  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.,  the  building 
of  the  road  commenced  in  February,  1870,  at 
Duluth,  and  within  that  year  work  progressed 
westward  114  miles  to  Brainatd.  On  the  Pacitic 
slope  work  was  initiated  in  1870.  The  amenda- 
tory act  required  the  construction  of  twenty- 
five  miles  between  Portland  and  Puget  Sound 
prior  to  July  2,  1871;  and  so  the  company  built, 
from  the  town  they  named  Kalama  on  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  northward  that  distance.  During 
1872  forty  miles  had  been  built  northward  and 
were  in  running  operation.  On  the  1st  of 
January,  1873,  General  John  W.  Sprague  and 
Governor    John    N.   Goodwin,  agents  for   the 


Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Com 


puny, 


formal! 


annonnced  the  selection  of  the  city  of  Olympia 
as  the  terminus  on  Puget  Sound  of  that  road. 
A  few  months  later,  July,   1873,  the  company 


at  New  York  declared  its  western  terminus  at 
Tacoma.  The  failure  of  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.,  in 
Septemlier,  1873,  greatly  embarrassed  opera- 
tions; but  the  road  reached  its  terminus  on 
Puget  Sound  the  day  preceding  the  date  pi-e- 
scribed  in  the  chai-ter  and  its  amendments.  A 
reorganization  of  the  company,  on  a  dift'erunt 
financial  basis,  followed,  with  Charles  D.Wrigiit 
as  president." 

Rich  coal  fields  had  been  discovered  east  of 
Tacoma.  General  George  Stark,  vice-president, 
made  an  examination  of  those  coal  (ields  with 
reference  to  building  a  sutficient  portion  of  the 
"branch"  to  connect  them  with  Tacoma.  Says 
he:  "The  building  of  this  Cascade  branch  for  the 
development  of  our  coal  resources  seems  now  to 
1)6  the  one  wheel  which,  if  started,  will  put  the 
whole  train  in  motion;  and  I  trust  that  ways 
and  means  to  accomplish  it  will  be  devised  at  an 
early  day."  During  1877,  the  first  portion  of 
the  Cascade  branch  road  was  Iniilt  connecting 
Tacoma  with  Wilkeson. 

Frederick  Pillings  had  become,  1880,  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  He  favored  the  comple- 
tion of  the  entire  work;  the  surveys  of  the 
Cascade  mountain  passes  were  resumed  with 
increased  vigor.  After  a  careful  instrumental 
survey  a  line  was  located  by  way  of  the  Naches 
Pass. 

In  the  fall  of  1880  a  loan  of  $40,000,000  had 
been  successfully  negotiated,  but  the  method  of 
taking  the  bonds  and  furnishing  funds  contin- 
gent upon  securities  upon  accepted  sections  of 
road  and  the  land  grant  rendered  it  impossible 
to  grade  the  uncompleted  line  or  to  advance 
track-laying  and  build  the  Rocky  mountain 
tunnels. 

Such  was  the  condition  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
when  Henry  Yillard  assumed  the  presidency. 
The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company 
had  succeeded  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company;  and  he  was  also  its  president.  A 
railroad  along  the  south  side  of  the  Columbia  to 
throw  out  branches  to  secure  the  great  wheat- 
growing  wealth  of  Eastern  Washington  and 
Oregon  was  at  once  projected. 


HISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


As  the  Northern  Pacific  advanced  westward 
under  the  management  of  President  Billings,  in 
1880  and  the  spring  of  1881,  the  hope  had  been 
engendered  that  the  building  of  the  Cascade 
division  was  near  at  hand.  Indeed  the  Northern 
Paciiic  was  about  provided  to  push  its  main  line 
down  the  north  side  of  the  Columbia,  or  to  build 
the  Cascade  branch,  or  both.  The  road  could 
not  stop  in  the  interior  of  the  continent.  It  had 
to  advance  when  it  reached  the  nioiith  of  Snake 
river. 

President  Villard  visited  Puget  Sound  in  tlie 
fall  of  1881.  He  did  not  disguise  his  motive 
tliat  Portland  should  continue  "  the  focus,  the 
center,  the  very  heart,  so  to  speak,  of  a  local 
system  of  transportation  lines  aggregating  fully 
2,000  miles  of  standard-gauge  road."  Of  the 
policy  of  the  Northern  Pacific  inaugurated  by 
his  predecessor,  he  said:  "There  was  a  deter- 
mined effort  resolved  npon  by  the  former 
management  of  the  Northern  Pacific  to  disre- 
gard the  commerce  of  this  great  city,  and  to 
make  direct  for  Puget  Sound  in  pursuit  of  the 
old  unsuccessful  policy  of  building  up  a  city 
there.  I  do  not  believe  that  any  effort  to  build 
up  a  rival  city  on  Puget  Sound  can  ever  succeed. 
I  mean  that  Portland  will  always  remain  the 
commercial  emporium  of  the  Northwest."  Presi- 
dent Villard,  however,  continued  the  surveys  of 
the  Cascade  mountains,  and  the  Stampede  Pass 
was  selected. 

Overland  railroad  communication  was  fully 
consummated  via  l^ortland  and  the  road  connect- 
ing it  with  Tacoma.  The  last  spike  was  driven 
on  September  7,  1883,  sixty  miles  west  of 
Helena.  A  few  days  later  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington celebrated  the  great  consummation.  On 
Monday,  the  oth  day  of  July,  1887,  the  people 
of  Washington  commemorated  the  arrival  on 
Sunday,  the  4th  of  July,  of  the  first  overland 
train  direct  from  Duluth  to  Tacoma.  A  year 
later  was  commemorated  the  completion  of  the 
tunnel  through  the  Cascade  mountains.  The 
great  work  of  the  centirry  had  been  finished. 

It  would  be  easy  to  occupy  chapters  in  treat- 
ing of  the  minntia-,  and  giving  the  statistics,  of 


this  wonderful  advance,  but,  to  the  general 
reader,  whose  impressions  of  history  are  always 
taken  in  the  concrete  rather  than  the  abstract- 
there  would  be  no  compensating  advantage? 
We  hasten,  therefore,  to  the  closing  of  the  chap- 
ters of  the  Territorial  history  of  Oregon,  and 
the  opening  of  the  Ijrief  one  of  her  history  as  a 
State  of  the  Federal  Union. 

From  time  to  time,  for  more  than  a  decade, 
in  one  form  or  another,  the  question  of  State- 
hood was  discussed  in  the  papers  and  acted  on 
in    the    legislative  assembly  of  the    Territory. 

In  November,  1869,  a  law  was  enacted  for  the 
submission  of  the  questions  of  calling  a  conven- 
tion for  the  purpose  of  framing  a  constitution 
and  applying  for  admission  into  the  Union  as 
a  State.  If  a  majority  voted  in  favor,  the  next 
legislature  was  to  provide  for  the  election  of  the 
delegates  to  such  convention.  At  the  election 
in  1870  the  project  met  with  little  favor.  In 
1871  a  precisely  similar  act  passed  and  met  with 
a  like  result.  In  1875  the  legislative  assembly 
passed  an  act  to  provide  for  the  formation  of  a 
constitution  and  State  government  for  the  Terri- 
tory of  Washington.  It  directed  the  submission 
of  the  proposition.  If  a  majority  were  in  favor 
the  legislature  was  "to  provide  for  the  calling  of 
a  conventioix  to  frame  a  State  constitution,  and 
to  do  all  other  acts  proper  and  necessary  to  give 
effect  to  the  popular  will." 

At  the  election  of  1876,  a  large  majority 
favored  the  proposition.  The  legislature  passed 
an  act,  approved  November  9,  1877,  "to  pro- 
vide for  calling  a  convention  to  frame  a  con- 
stitution for  the  State  of  Washington,  and  sub- 
mitting such  constitution  to  the  people  for 
ratification  or  rejection."  That  act  provided 
yiat  a  convention  of  fifteen  delegates,  three  of 
whom  were  to  be  elected  by  the  Territory  at 
large,  should  assemble. 

Alexander  S.  Abernethy,  of  Cowlitz  county, 
was  its  president.  The  counties  of  North  Idaho 
participated,  a  large  majority  of  the  citizens  of 
that  portion  of  the  Territory  having  favored  an- 
nexation to  Washington.  A  'constitution  was 
duly  framed,  and  ratified  at  the  general  election 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


t 


of  1878,  by  a  vote  of  6,462  to  3,231.  Year 
after  year  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington continued  to  receive  increasing  coiii^idera- 
tion. 

The  a(]niission  of  Washington  as  a  State  had 
been  discussed  in  Congress  before  the  meeting 
of  tlie  constitutional  convention  of  1878.  The 
first  bill  introduced  by  Thomas  II.  Brents,  in  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress,  was  an  act  to  provide  for 
the  admission  of  the  "State  of  Washington" 
under  the  constitution  of  the  convention  of  1878. 
Objections  were  made  to  certain  features  of  that 
constitution;  and  in  the  Forty-seventh  Congress 
(1881-'88)  Delegate  Brents  introduced  a  second 
bill  for  the  admission  of  Washington,  drawn  in 
accordance  with  the  legislative  memorial.  It 
authorized  the  j)eople  of  Washington  Territorj- 
and  the  northern  part  of  Idaho  Territory  to  hold 
a  convention  to  frame  a  State  constitution  and 
to  form  a  State  government.  In  advocating  its 
passage,  Mr.  Brents  cited  from  the  United  States 
census  of  1880,  to  prove  that  the  Territory  of 
Washington,  exclusive  of  the  northern  counties 
of  Idaho,  had  the  requisite  population  to  entitle 
it  to  admission.  By  the  census  of  1880  that 
populatioh  was  75,116,  and  taking  the  ratio  of 
increase,  at  that  time,  June,  1882,  it  was  not 
less  than  125,000.  On  account  pf  this  small 
population,  objection  was  urged  against  Wash- 
ington's admission. 

Session  after  session  Washington  continued  to 
memorialize  Congress  for  Statehood.  In  the 
spring  of  1886  the  subject  was  again  fully  liefore 
Congress.  The  bill  was  for  a  convention  to 
frame  a  State  constitution  preparatory  to  ad- 
mission. The  boundaries  included  certain  north- 
ern counties  of  Idaho.  Another  bill  traveled 
hand  in  hand,  providing  for  the  annexation  of 
those  three  Northern  Idaho  counties  to  Wash- 
ington. Memorials  had  passed  both  legislatures 
favoring  such  aimexation.  The  question  had 
been  submitted  to  the  people  of  North  Idaho  at 
a  general  election,  and  1,216  votes  were  polled 
for  annexation  and  seven  against  it.  The  an- 
nexation bill  passed  both  houses,  but  was  vetoed 
by    President   Cleveland.      Later   separate    bills 


had  passed  the  Senate  for  the  division  of  Dakota, 
and  to  enable  the  people  of  North  and  South 
Dakota,  Washington  and  Montana  to  form  con- 
stitutions and  State  governments. 

Mr.  Springer,  of  Illinois,  proposed  a  substi- 
tute, an  omnibus  bill,  obnoxious  to  the  friends 
of  the  applying  Territories;  the  prospect  of 
admission  by  the  Fiftieth  Congress  seemed 
hopeless.  Already  there  was  talk  of  an  extra 
session  to  do  this  act  of  simple  justice.  On  the 
15th  of  January,  1889,  the  House  having  under 
consideration  the  bill  for  the  admission  of 
Dakota,  Samuel  S.  Cox,  of  New  York,  addressed 
the  House  thus:  "I  favor  the  substitute  pro- 
prosed  by  the  gentleman  from  Illinois  and  his 
committee.  If  these  Territories  cannot  be 
lirought  in  within  a  reasonable  time,  I  propose 
to  help  any  conference  between  the  two  bodies 
looking  to  the  Statehood  of  Dakota  and  the 
other  Territories.  What  concerns  us  immedi- 
ately is  the  admission  as  States,  with  proper 
boundaries  and  suitable  numbers,  of  five  Teri-i- 
tories — the  two  Dakotas,  Montana,  Washington 
and  New  Mexico." 

On  the  16th  of  January  the  Senate  bill  for 
the  admission  of  South  Dakota  was  called  up. 
The  House  committee  favored  the  division  of 
Dakota,  and  reported  the  omnibus  bill, 
which  included  New  Mexico.  Many  amend- 
ments were  offered  and  voted  down.  On  the 
18th  of  January  the  omnibus  bill  passed  the 
House. 

The  bill  went  to  the  Senate.  It  was  dis- 
agreed to  l>y  that  body.  (_)n  the  14th  of  Febru- 
ary the  report  of  the  disagreement  of  the  two 
Houses  was  called  up.  The  House  instructed 
its  conferences  to  recede  so  as  to  allow,  first,  the 
exclusion  of  New  Mexico  from  the  bill;  and 
second,  the  admission  of  South  Dakota  under 
the  Sioux  Falls  constitution;  and  third,  the  re- 
submission of  that  constitution  to  the  people 
with  provisions  for  the  election  of  State  otiicers 
only,  and  without  a  new  vote  on  the  question 
of  "division,"  and  for  the  admission  of  North 
Dakota,  Montana  and  Washington  by  the  pro- 
clamation ot  tlie  president, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  bill  thus  amended  passed.  It  was  en- 
titled "An  act  to  provide  for  the  division  of 
Dakota,  and  to  enable  the  people  of  North 
Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana  and  Washing- 
ton to  form  constitutions  and  State  govern- 
ments, and  to  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an 
eqnal  footing  with  the  original  States,  and  to 
make  donations  of  public  lands  to  such  States," 
and  was  approved  by  President  Cleveland,  on 
the  anniversary  of  Washington's  birthday, 
February  22,  188'J.  It  provided  for  an  elec- 
tion of  delegates,  seventy-five  in  number,  who 
were  to  meet  at  Olympia  on  the  4th  day  of 
July,  1889.  That  convention  met;  it  remained 
in  session  until  August  22,  1889.  The  consti- 
tution it  framed  was  ratified  at  an  election  held 
October  1,  1889,  by  the  vote  of  40,152  for  the 
constitution,  and  11,789  against. 

The  president's  proclamation  of  adiiiission 
was  issued  November  11,  1889. 

AVashington  thus  admitted  into  the  l^nion  as 
a  State,  the  great  political  ]iarties  marshaled 
their  forces  for  the  election  of  State  ofiicers  and 
representatives,  and  the  decision  of  several 
other  qnestions  that  were  to  go  to  the  voters  of 
the  State  at  the  same  time.  The  result  showed 
that  Elisha  Pyre  Ferry,  who  had  been  one  of 
tlie  best  of  the  governors  of  the  Territory,  was 
elected  governor;  Charles  E.  Laughton,  former- 
ly lieutenant-governor  of  Nevada,  lieutenant- 
governor;  Allen  Weir,  secretary  of  State;  A.  A. 
Lindsley,  treasurer;  T.  M.  Reed,  anditor:  Ilobert 
B.  Bryan,  superintendent  of  public  instruction; 
AV.  T.  Forest,  commissioner  of  public  lands. 
The  supreme  judges  elected  were  R.  C).  Dunbar, 
T.  L.  Stiles,  J.  P.  Hoyt,  T.  J.  Anders  and 
Elmer  Scott.  John  L.  Wilson,  of  Spokane, 
was  elected  Congressman.  Every  officer  elected 
was  a  Republican,  the  average  majority  being 
about  8,000. 

The  vote  on  the  other  questions  submitted  to 
the  people  stood  as  follows:  For  woman 
suffrage  16.527,  against  34,515;  for  prohilii- 
tion  19,546,  against  31,487;  for  the  State 
capital  Olympia  had  25,490;  North  Yakima 
14,718;   Ellensburg  12,883;   with    1,088   votes 


scattering, — leaving  the  seat  of  government  yet 
remaining  at  Olympia,  where  it  had  been  dur- 
ing the  whole  course  of  Territorial  history.  At 
the  following  general  election  that  question  was 
again  voted  on,  and  Olympia  was  chosen  by  a 
considerable  majority  for  the  future  capital  of 
the  State. 

The  State  officers  thus  chosen  were  inaugur- 
ated November  18.  1889,  with  inspiring  cere- 
monies, the  newly  elected  legislature,  which 
was  almost  unanimously  Republican,  l)eing  in 
session  at  the  same  time.  On  the  19th  of 
Novenil)er  the  legislature  elected  John  B. 
Allen  and  Wat,sou  C.  Squire  the  first  United 
States  senators  for  the  State  of  AYashington. 
The  former  drew  the  term  expiring  Alarch  3, 
1883,  and  the  latter  that  expii-ing  March  3, 
1891.  At  the  biennial  election  held  in  Novem- 
l)er,  1890,  the  legislature  was  again  carried  by 
the  Republicans,  atul  Mr.  Squire  was  again 
elected  United  States  senator  for  six  years  from 
March  4,  1891.  A  general  election  for  State 
officers  occurred  again  in  November,  1893,  at 
which  rlohn  11.  McGi-aw,  of  Seattle,  was  elected 
governor.  The  legislature  elected  at  the  same 
time  commenced  balloting  for  a  successor  to 
United  States  Senator  John  B.  Allen  on  the 
day  fixed  by.  law,  and  continued  balloting,  tak- 
ing two  votes  each  day,  until  the  final  adjourn- 
ment. One  hundred  and  seven  ballots  without 
a  choice  were  taken,  and,  the  legislature  having 
adjourned.  Governor  McClraw  appointed  John 
B.  Allen  United  States  senator.  At  this  elec- 
tion John  L.  AYilson  and  W.  H.  Doolittle  were 
chosen  to  represent  the  State  in  Congress. 

Since  this  date  the  history  of  the  State  has 
been  only  a  continuance  of  the  prospei-ity  that 
marjced  it  during  the  closing  years  of  its  Terri- 
torial existence.  The  results  will  appear  in  a 
compendious  form  in  our  chapters  relating  to 
its  inining,  lumbering  and  other  industrial 
interests,  and  in  those  relating  to  its  cities  and 
towns.  We  need  now  to  take  our  i-eaders  back, 
chronologically,  and  trace  the  story  of  the 
Indian  wars  of  Washington, 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

INDIAN  WARS  OF  WASHINGTON. 

Character  of  the  Indians — Easteen  and  Western  Tribes  —  Northern  Tribes  —  Jealousies 
Awakened — Oi'enino  of  the  Waes — Murder  of  Dr.  Whitman  —  Waiileti'u  —  Causes 
Operating — Protestant  vs.  Catholic — Sickness  Among  Indians — The  Murder — Captives 
— Rescued  by  Mr.  Ogden — General  Alarm — Call  for  Volunteers — Action  of  Legis- 
lature— Regiment  Organized — Roster  of  Companies — Troops  Move  Towards  Waiiletpu 
— Battle  of  Sand  Hollow — Indians  Fall  Back — Death  of  Colonel  Gilliam  —  Nego- 
tiations —  Mr.  Ogden  —  Deputation  of  Indians  to  Oregon  City  —  Indians  Taken  and 
Executed. — Intelligence  of  the  Murder  of  Dr.  Whitman  Reaches  Governor  Abernethy 
— A  Call  for  Volunteers — Oregon  Rifles  Organized — Roster  of  Officers — Troops 
Proceed  to  The  Dalles — Expedition  of  Major  Lee — Troops  March  for  Waiiletpu — 
Battle  of  Sand  Hollow — Indians  Fall  Rack  Toward  Snake  River — Battle  on  the  Touchet 
— Death  of  Colonel  Gilliam — Peace  Negotiated — Indians  Executed  at  Oregon  City. 


I[NSTEADof  weaving  the  story  of  the  I'ldiaii 
wars  of  Washington  as  a  crimson  thread 
J  through  all  the  fabric  of  our  history  we 
think  it  better  to  give  that  story  its  own  separ- 
ate place.  In  this  way  it  will  be  better  under- 
stood, and  its  logical  relations  more  clearly  ap- 
prehended. 

The  region  of  country  embraced  in  Washing- 
ton Territory  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  1853 
was  the  home  of  the  most  numerous  and  most 
warlike  of  all  the  Indian  tribes  we&t  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  With  the  exception  of  the 
Cayuses,  whose  country  was  mostly  in  Oregon, 
all  tlie  strong  tribes  between  the  Rocky  and 
Cascade  mountains  had  their  habitats  in  Wash- 
ington. The  Blackfoot,  the  Spokane,  the  Pal- 
ouse,  the  Nez  Perce,  the  Pend  d'Oreille,  the 
Yakima,  all  powerful  tribes,  together  with 
many  smaller  tribes,  all  resided  east  of  the  Cas- 
cade mountains.  It  would  be  impossible  to 
give  any  accurate  census  of  these  tribes  at  that 
time,  but  it  is  not  unlikely  that  they  could  have 
brought  into  the  field,  all  told,  from  six  to  ten 
thousand  warriors.  The  white  settlement  had 
not  yet  encroached  upon  their  territory,  and  as 
they  were  generally  well  armed  and  plentifnlly 
supplied  with  ammunition,  they  were  a  foe  not 
only  to  be  dreaded  but  which  actually  was 
dreaded  l)v  tiie  white   inhabitants  of   the  Terri- 


tory. They  were  equestrian  tribes,  abundantly 
supplied  with  excellent  horses,  and  were  the 
most  accomplished  and  daring  horsemen  in  the 
world.  Their  country  was  one  vast  pasturage, 
its  very  mountains  being  full  of  nutritious 
grasses,  while  its  almost  limitless  plains  were 
covered  with  the  richest  bunch  grass,  affording 
the  very  best  feed  for  horses  on  the  continent. 
When  Washington  was  constituted  a  Territory 
they  were  at  the  very  zenith  of  their  power,  and 
roamed  unlet  and  unhindered  over  the  more 
than  100,000  square  miles  they  inhabited. 

Between  Eastern  Washington,  where  these 
tribes  dwelt,  and  Western  Washington,  was  the 
great  Cascade  range  of  mountains,  rugged, 
heavily  timbered,  impassable,  except  by  a  few 
trails,  and  nearly  100  miles  in  width.  West 
of  this  range,  in  the  country  sweeping  around 
Puget  Sound  and  extending  southward  to  the 
Columbia  River  and  northward  to  the  Straits  of 
Fuea,  were  a  large  number  of  tribes,  no  one  of 
which  was  as  strong  as  some  of  the  tribes  east 
of  the  mountains,  but  probably  aggregating 
about  the  same  numl)er  of  warrioi-s.  Dwelling 
upon  the  water  courses  and  upon  the  shores  of 
the  great  Sound  and  in  a  densely  timbered 
region,  these  Indians  were  as  thoroughly  train- 
ed to  water-craft  as  were  those  east  of  the  moun- 
tains to  equestrianism.    No  people  rivaled  them 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


in  the  use  of  the  canoe.  They  were  courageous, 
daring,  brave. 

To  the  north  of  Piiget  Sound  there  were 
many  tribes  of  great  prowess  along  the  coast  as 
far  north  as  Queen  Charlotte  Island,  and  even 
up  to  Fort  Simpson,  who  possessed  large  and 
strong  svar  canoes  in  which  they  were  accus- 
tomed to  make  long  predatory  voyages,  passing 
down  through  the  inlets  and  passages  that 
separate  the  island  of  the  great  northern 
archipelago,  crossing  the  Straits  of  Juan  <le 
Fuca,  and  penetrating  even  to  the  very  head  of 
Fuget  Sound,  120  miles  south  of  the  straits. 
They  came  unheralded,  struck  their  blow  of 
murder  or  committed  their  robbery,  and  disap- 
peared as  suddenly  as  they  came.  Their  incur- 
sions were  hardly  war,  but  their  work  was  sim- 
ply that  of  the  savage  assassin,  smiting  the 
defenceless  and  killing  the  unarmed.  Besides 
the  direct  loss  of  life  and  properly  caused  by 
them,  they  had  the  further  evil  effect  of  keep- 
ing the  tribes  on  the  Sound  excited  with  the 
news  of  tragedy  and  bloodshed,  for  when  an 
Indian  scents  blood  all  his  savage  nature  is 
excited,  and  he  himself  is  athirst  for  it.  "Dead 
or  alive  he  will  have  some."  But  the  recital  of 
these  inroads  of  the  northern  Indians  and  the 
story  of  the  cruel  murders  they  perpetrated 
would  enlarge  our  work  unduly,  and  hence 
they  can  be  mentioned  only  as  illustrating  the 
unusual  perils  and  hardships  attending  the 
settlement  of  this  part  of  the  Territory. 

As  everywhere  on  the  frontier,  the  ingather- 
ing of  the  whites  in  ever  increasing  numbers 
early  awakened  the  apprehensions  of  the  Indi- 
ans. There  was  an  instinctive  prophecy  in 
their  hearts  that  it  boded  ill  to  them.  The 
whites  came  but  never  left.  Their  numbers 
never  diminished.  The  forest  was  disappearing 
before  their  axes.  The  game  melted  away 
before  their  rifles.  The  Indians  saw  that  all 
this  meant  that  they  themselves  would  soon 
be  outnumbered  and  overpowered  unless  they 
were  able  to  drive  out  the  invaders  who  were 
despoiling  the  graves  of  their  forefatiiers,  turn- 
ing their  hunting  grounds  into  grain  fields,  atid 


breathing  the  pestilence  of  a  destructive  civiliz- 
ation on  their  savage,  yet  beloved  life.  It  was 
not  strange,  therefore,  that  there  should  be  war. 
What  was  called  the  "Cayuse  war,"  which 
followed  immediately  after  the  murder  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Whitman,  the  devoted  Presbyterian 
missi'jnaries,  at  Waiiletpu,  occurred  before 
there  was  any  settlement  of  whites  within  the 
bounds  of  what  was  afterward  the  Territory 
and  subsequently  the  State  of  Washington. 
But  the  scene  of  that  murder  and  the  theater  of 
that  war  was  mainly  within  its  boundaries. 
As  it  dates  tiie  beginning  of  the  wars  which 
afterward  extended  over  so  large  a  part  of  the 
Territory,  this  seems  the  place  to  give  it  some 
historic  treatment.  It  was  the  most  tragic  event 
in  the  history  of  the  northwest  coast,  and  one 
that  has  caused  more  historic  discufsion,  especi- 
ally as  to  its  causes,  than  any  other.  For  this 
reason  we  need  both  to  trace  its  causes  as  well 
as  recite  its  facts,  and  these  we  shall  blend  in 
one  line  of  treatment. 

Waiiletpu  was  the  Indian  name  of  the  place 
where  Dr.  Whitman  in  the  late  autumn  of  1836 
established  his  missionary  station  among  the 
Cayuse  people.  It  was  situated  on  the  Walla 
AValla  river,  about  twenty-five  miles  from  the 
Hudson's  Bay  fort  of  that  name,  which  stood  on 
the  south  bank  of  the  Columbia  river  and  just 
above  the  month  of  the  Walla  Walla.  It  was 
in  the  center  of  the  tribe  and  was  easy  of  access 
both  to  the  Indians  and  the  whites.  His  mis- 
sion for  a  time  seemed  to  be  among  the  most 
properous  and  promising  of  all  Indian  missions 
of  the  coast.  The  Cayuses  were  intelligent  and 
active,  though  not  considered  as  tractable  and 
trustworthy  as  their  relations  the  Nez  Ferces, 
whose  territory  joined  theirs  on  tlie  northeast. 
Quite  a  number  of  the  tribe  made  a  profession  of 
Christianity  under  his  labors,  and  Dr.  Whitman 
and  his  co-laborers  had  high  hopes  that  the 
whole  tribe  would  pass  under  the  influence  of 
the  Christian  system  and  belief. 

To  his  work  as  a  Christian  teacher  Dr.  Whit- 
man had  added  that  of  a  medical  practitioner, 
so  that,  to    the    superstitious    Indian    mind,   he 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


191 


assumed  a  much  wider  responsibility  than  he 
would  have  assumed  as  a  mere  teacher  of  re- 
ligious truths.  As  a  physician  he,  like  their 
own  "  medicine  men,"  was  supposed  to  have 
power  to  heal  or  to  kill  at  pleasui-e,  and  however 
much  he  might  endeavor  to  disabuse  their 
minds  of  that  belief  it  could  never  quite  be 
done,  for  the  Indian  mind  is  remarkahly  tena- 
cious of  its  superstitions  and  they  never  quite 
lose  their  dominion  over  an  Indian's  action.  As 
useful  as  the  profession  and  practice  of  a  doctor 
might  really  be,  they  added  an  element  of  dan- 
ger as  well  as  an  element  of  strength  to  the 
position  of  Dr.  Whitman. 

The  doctor  was  a  man  to  draw  about  him  a 
somewhat  large  following  of  assistants  and  de- 
pendents, for  he  was  naturally  a  leader  of  men, 
with  a  strong  personality  and  a  broad  and 
grasping  mind.  He  planned  more  broadly  than 
any  of  his  associates  in  the  missions  of  the 
American  Boai'd,  and  had  more  of  the  strong 
grip  of  executive  ])ower  than  they.  He  liad 
opened  (juite  an  extensive  farm  and  erected  a 
sawmill  and  Houring-mill.  The  buildings  for 
dwelling,  school,  church  and  other  purposes 
were  of  quite  a  pretentious  character  foi'  the 
country,  and  formed  quite  a  hamlet  in  the  midst 
of  the  wide,  unhomed  solitudes  of  these  interior 
valleys  and  mountains.  The  dwelling-house 
was  a  large  adobe,  or  sun-dried  brick,  build- 
ing, well  finished  and  furnished,  with  a  large 
library  and  an  extensive  cabinet.  Connected 
with  it  was  a  large  ''  Indian  room,"  as  it  was 
called,  l)uilt  for  the  accommodation  and  use  of 
the  Indians  who  were  constantly  or  occasionally 
about  the  mission,  either  as  employes  in  any 
department  or  on  business,  or  as  mere  loungers. 
It  had  also  an  addition,  seventy  feet  in  length, 
consisting  of  kitchen,  sleeping- room,  school- 
room and  church.  One  hundred  yards  east 
stood  a  large  adobe  building,  and  at  another 
point  about  the  same  distance  stood  the  mill, 
granary  and  shops.  Connected  with  the  mis- 
sion was  a  sawmill  situated  on  Mill  creek  on  the 
edge  of  the  Blue  mountains,  about  fifteen  miles 
from  the  station  itself.      Thus   the   mission    was 


situated  at  the  end  of  ten  years  from  its  estab- 
lishment in  1836. 

The  special  work  and  the  genial  relations  of 
the  various  missionary  establisliments  of  the 
country  having  been  elsewhere  considered  it  is 
not  needful  to  recur  to  them  here  further  than 
to  connect  them  with  the  events  that  opened 
the  first  Indian  war  of  the  Northwest.  This  we 
do  in  a  simple  statement  of  historic  facts  with 
only  a  very  brief  discussion  of  the  natural,  and 
perhaps  inevitable,  results  of  those  facts. 

The  establishment  of  Roman  Catholic  mis- 
sions in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  those  of  the 
Protestant  boards  inevitably  confused  the  minds 
of  the  Indians,  and  led  them  to  look  very  sus- 
piciously upon  the  Protestants.  This  was  the 
more  certainly  and  fatally  the  result  as  they 
fully  understood  that  the  people  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  had  joyfully  welcomed  the  com- 
ing of  the  Romish  priests,  and  extended  to  them, 
rather  than  to  the  Protestants,  their  sympathy 
and  support.  Though  not  gifted  with  any  great 
capability  of  ratiocination,  the  Indian  has  quick 
perception  from  obvious  and  occult  facts,  and 
thej  could  not  but  comprehend  this,  while  they 
would  entirely  fail  to  comprehend  the  rationale 
of  the  historic  and  theological  differences  and 
agreements  between  the  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  systems.  Hence  they  would  act  from 
what  they  saw,  not  from  the  reason  that  was 
behind  it. 

The  missionaries  of  the  Roman  CatholicChurch 
had  entered  the  country  in  1838,  as  noted 
elsewhere.  As  they  count  success,  their  mis- 
sions had  been  very  successful.  They  had 
baptized  many  Indians, — some  authorities  say 
not  less  than  5,000  by  the  autumn  of  1847, — 
and  the  priests  were  everywhere,  and  their  zeal 
was  admirable  as  they  went  on  their  mission  of 
proselytisra  from  California  to  British  Colum- 
bia. Their  leaders  were  astute  and  able  men. 
Such  names  as  Blanchet,  (Jccolti,  DeSmet,  Joset, 
Ravalli,  Sandlois,  Demers,  Brouillet  and  Balduc 
were  recorded  among  their  twenty-six  clergy- 
men employed  in  the  field.  As  these  names 
indicate,    there   was    not    an    American  among 


ITIt^TonT    OF     WASniNGTUN. 


them, — hardly  one  wlio  could  speak  or  write 
the  English  language  with  respectable  accuracy, 
— but  they  were  disciplined  and  resolute  and 
self-denying  men.  They  brought  with  them 
no  families.  They  established  no  comnuinities. 
They  lived  with  and  as  the  Indians.  They 
found  tbera  Indians,  baptized  them  into  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  left  them  Indians, 
as  they  found  them.  Their  presence,  therefore, 
boded  no  change  to  awaken  the  apprehensions 
of  the  Indians,  and  hence  they  could  go  and 
come,  teach  and  catechise,  liaptize  and  confirm 
at  will,  and  their  imposing  ceremonies  and  easy 
moral  exactions  completely  captured  the  minds 
of  most  of  the  Indians. 

The  more  this  was  true  the  less  could  the 
Protestant  missions  succeed.  Dr.  Whitman's 
mission  in  particular  was  in  a  position  to  feel 
the  blight  of  their  influence  the  soonest  and 
most  fatally.  From  its  beginning  some  of  the 
Cayuses  were  hostile  to  the  mission,  more  were 
indifferent,  and  a  small  number  were  favorable. 
Tam-su-ky,  an  influential  chief,  M-ho  resided  not 
far  from  Waiiletpii,  was  the  leader  of  the  opposers 
of  the  mission.  Their  opposition  became  more 
bitter  after  the  Romish  priests  entered  the 
country,  and  was  still  more  intensified  after  Dr. 
Whitman  returned  from  the  East  with  the 
great  train  of  emigrants  of  1843.  To  add  to  the 
impulse  which  was  moving  the  Cayuse  people 
toward  murder  and  war,  in  1845  "  Tom  Hill," 
a  Delaware  Indian,  lived  among  the  Nez  Per- 
ces  and  told  them  that  the  missionaries  first 
visited  his  people,  bat  were  soon  followed  by 
other  Americans,  who  took  away  their  lauds. 
He  visited  Waiiletpu  and  i-epeated  the  same 
Btory  to  the  Cayuse.  Of  course  the  Indians 
were  still  more  alarmed. 

In  another  year  another  Indian,  or  half-breed, 
came  among  them,  whence  and  froui  whom 
history  has  failed  to  certify.  His  name  was 
Joe  Lewis.  He  reaiiirmed  the  statements 
of  Tom  Hill.  Under  these  influences,  com- 
bined with  a  desire  on  the  part  of  many  if  not 
most  of  the  tribe  to  secure  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic   religion.    Dr.    Whitman's    work    withered 


away  under  them.  Uis  most  trustworthy  friends 
among  the  Indians,  Um-howl-ish  and  Stick- us, 
warned  him  of  his  danger,,  and  advised  him  to 
abandon  his  work.  Archibald  McKinley,  then 
in  charge  of  Fort  Walla  Walla,  emphasized  the 
warning  and  repeated  the  advice.  Thomas  Mc- 
Kay repeated  it.  Dr.  Whitman  knew  the  dan- 
ger, understood  the  influences  that  were  destroy- 
ing his  work  and  imperiling  his  life,  but,  brave 
man  that  he  was,  he  faced  them  all.  How  could 
he  have  done  otherwise? 

Still,  iu  the  fall  of  1847,  Dr.  Whitman  decided 
to  remove  to  the  Dalles  as  soon  as  arrangements 
could  be  completed.  He  went  there  himself  and 
received  from  the  Methodist  mission,  which  had 
decided  to  abandon  that  field,  the  premises  it 
held  at  that  place,  as  a  gift  to  the  American 
Board.  On  arriving  at  Walla  Walla,  about  the 
10th  of  September,  he  found  four  Romish  priests 
at  the  place,  arranging  to  establish  a  mission 
under  the  very  shadow  of  Waiiletpu.  At  their 
head  was  Father  A.  M.  A.  Pianchet,  a  smooth, 
yet  resolute  and  able  man,  self-poised  to  a  re- 
markable degree,  and  unrelenting  in  his  pur- 
poses and  aims.  With  him  was  Bronillet,  per- 
haps fully  the  equal  of  Blanchet  in  ability  of 
every  kind,  though  not  his  equal  in  rank.  Com- 
ing just  at  this  crisis  in  the  work  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man, they  found  it  easy  to  win  over  to  their 
cause  much  the  larger  part  of  the  Indians.  The 
fact  that  they  came  to  supplant  Dr.  Whitman 
on  the  very  fleld  of  his  eleven  years'  toil  could 
not  but  have  the  effect  of  making  the  Indians 
believe  that  these  new  religious  teachers  would 
be  only  too  glad  to  see  Dr.  Whitman's  mission 
destroyed,  even  if  they  did  not  desire  his  own 
death.  It  was  not  necessary  that  they  should 
suggest  or  advise  this  course;  the  suggestion 
was  in  their  very  presence  and  in  the  nature  of 
their  work,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  they 
made  any  other.  Certainly  this  writer  has  never 
found  any  convincing  evidence  that  they  did. 
Still  it  seems  tolerably  certain  that,  with  murder 
and  destruction  palpitating  in  the  very  air,  they 
spoke  no  word  and  did  no  deed  against  it. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Hoping  tliiit  the  storm  of  wrath  that  he  saw 
plainly  impending  would  not  bnrst  upon  him 
before  another  year;  Dr.  Whitman,  after  his  re- 
turn from  the  Dalles,  settled  down  to  the  calm 
pursuit  of  his  missionary  work.  Meantime 
the  laige  iinmigration  uf  1S47  came  pouring 
down  from  the  Blue  mountains  upon  the  plains 
of  the  Columbia.  There  was  much  sickness 
among  the  immigrants,  the  measles  and  dysen- 
tery prevailing  to  an  alarming  extent.  These 
soon  became  epidemic  among  the  Indians, 
many  of  whom,  despite  the  remedies  adminis- 
tered by  Dr.  Whitman  and  the  most  careful 
attention  of  Mrs.  Whitman,  died  of  these 
diseases.  Joe  Lewis  took  a  horrible  advan- 
tage of  this  situation  to  further  prejudice  the 
Indians'  minds  against  the  mission.  He  told 
them  that  the  doctor  was  administering  poison 
to  them,  and  that  he  intended  to  kill  them  all 
off  that  the  Americans  might  take  their  lands. 
He  detailed  conversations  that  he  professed  to 
have  overheard  between  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Whitman, 
in  which  the  doctor  complained  because  the 
Indians  were  not  dying  fast  enough.  He  also 
asserted  that  Brouillete,  the  Roman  Catholic 
priest,  had  told  him  that  the  doctor  was  giving 
the  Indians  poison.  Falling  upon  the  excited 
minds  of  the  Indians,  these  statements  were 
like  fire  in  powder.  The  explosion  was  sure  to 
come,  and  it  meant  destruction  when  it  came. 

Of  course  it  is  not  necessary  to  say  to  the 
intelligent  reader  that  there  was  no  founda- 
tion for  these  statements.  They  wei-e  the  sheer 
inventions  of  a  murderous  villain,  who,  after 
having  shared  the  hospitality  and  care  of  Dr. 
Whitman  and.  Mrs.  Whitman,  was  l)a8e  enough 
to  plot  their  destruction.  The  presence  of  the 
priest  at  this  time,  and  his  active  proselytism 
of  the  Indians  to  Romanism,  was  indeed  an 
incendiary  iniluence  sufficient  to  set  the  Indians 
into  an  unreasoning  and  fatal  excitement,  but 
it  cannot  be  considered  likely  that  he  made  to 
Lewis  the  statement  averred,  or  even  that  he 
fully  anticij^ated  the  terrible  tragedy  that  so 
soon  followed.  The  justice  (^f  history  requires 
this  statement,  but  it  requii-es  also  the  addition- 


al one  that  he  did  state  to  the  Indians  that  Dr. 
Whitman  was  a  bad  man,  and  that  what  he  was 
teaching  them  was  a  false  religion,  and  if  they 
believed  it  they  would  certainly  go  to  hell.  In 
the  blindness  and  prejudice  of  his  sectarian  zeal 
he  might  have  believed  all  this,  and  even  have 
justified  to  his  own  conscience,  on  the  well- 
known  principles  of  Jesuitism,  the  making  of 
the  statement,  but  it  would  be  too  severe  a 
shock  to  our  faith  in  humanity  to  believe  that 
he  counseled  or  sought  the  murder  of  these 
noble  missionaries.  The  writer  of  this  history 
has  been  for  many  years  acquainted  with  quite 
a  number  of  the  Indians  associated  with  Dr. 
Whitman  before  and  at  the  time  of  the  mass- 
acre, also  with  several  of  the  sufferers  in  the 
terrible  tragedy,  and  the  sum  of  all  the  evidence 
he  could  gather  from  these,  as  well  as  the  resi- 
duum of  the  testimony  of  all  who  have  written 
on  the  subject,  confirms  him  in  this  judgment. 
To  array  the  evidences  which  have  thus  satis- 
fied his  own  mind,  would  be  unnecessarily  to 
weary  the  reader  of  this  work. 

As  the  autumn  wore  on  Dr.  Whitman  fully 
recognized  the  impending  danger.  To  avert  it 
he  endeavored  to  secure  the  presence  of  Thomas 
McKay,  one  of  the  most  influential  and  sensible 
of  the  early  mountaineers,  during  the  winter, 
but  could  not  succeed.  Meanwhile  the  story  of 
Joe  LeAvis  was  working  its  direful  way  in  the 
minds  of  the  Indians.  The  wife  of  Tam-su-ky, 
the  leader  of  those  wlio  were  determined  to  drive 
off  Dr.  Whitman,  was  sick.  He  resolved  to 
put  the  poison  theory  to  a  practical  test  by  ob- 
taining some  medicine  of  the  doctor  and  ad- 
ministering it  to  her.  If  she  recovered  he 
would  not  believe  the  story;  if  she  died  the 
missionaries  must  also  die.  The  test  was  made. 
The  woman  died:  thus  the  fate  of  the  mission- 
aries was  decided. 

Sabbath  at  the  mission  was  a  day  when 
large  numbers  of  the  Indians  gathered,  some  for 
worship,  and  some  for  the  excitement  of  a 
crowd.  The  friends  of  the  mission  were  sure 
to  be  there  on  that  day.  The  28th  of  Novem- 
ber, that  year,  was  Sunday,  and  as  usual   r^^lig- 


illSTORt    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ious  services  were  held,  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  the  Indians  participating  in  them. 
Tam-su-ky  and  his  followers  had  fixed  on 
Monday  for  their  murderous  deed,  as  they 
knew  but  few  if  any  of  the  Indian  friends  of 
Dr.  Whitman  would  be  present.  On  that  day, 
November  29,  1847,  about  fifty  of  the  followers 
of  Tam-su-ky  gathered  at  the  mission.  Their 
gathering  awakened  the  apprehensions  of  the 
whites,  as  it  was  so  unusual  to  see  such  numbers 
present  except  on  Sunday.  Still  the  work  of 
the  establishment,  indoors  and  out,  went  on  as 
usual.  Dr.  Whitman  was  in  his  ofiice,  sittiuo; 
in  a  chair  and  preparing  a  prescription  for  an 
Indian.  Mrs.  Whitman  was  in  an  upper  room 
busied  in  her  duties.  Tiie  Indians  were  scat- 
tered about  the  yard,  a  few  being  in  the  doctor's 
office.  Suddenly  the  murderous  attack  began. 
Dr.  Whitman  was  cloven  down  by  the  blow 
of  a  tomaliawk  wielded  by  Tam-a-has,  an  Indian 
of  such  a  cruel  nature  as  to  be  known  among 
his  own  people  as  "the  murderer."  Mrs.  Whit- 
man was  shot  in  the  breast  while  standing  at 
a  window  to  which  she  had  stepped  on  hear- 
ing the  noise  of  the  sudden  outburst.  But  a 
few  Indians  were  actively  engaged  in  the  mur- 
derous onslaught:  the  rest  looked  stolidly  on. 
Only  one  or  two  of  the  AVhitman  Indians 
were  present,  and  they  were  not  permitted  to 
interfere. 

It  would  serve  no  gdod  purpose  to  relate  the 
actual  details  of  the  horrible  tragedy-  Indeed 
most  that  has  been  written  of  them  is  so  tinged 
with  the  imagination  of  the  writers  that  it 
would  be  impossible  to  give  them  as  they  oc- 
curred, even  were  it  desirable  to  do  so.  The 
victims  of  the  murderous  fury  of  the  Indians 
were  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  Mrs.  Narcissa 
Prentiss  Whitman,  John  Sager,  Frances  Sager, 
Crocket  Bewly,  Mr.  Kogers,  Mr.  Kimball,  Mr. 
Sales,  Mr.  Marsh,  Mr.  Saunders,  Mr.  Young, 
Mr.  Hoffman,  and  Isaac  Gillem. 

With  the  personal  and  sectarian  criminations 
and  recriminations  that  have  arisen  out  of  this 
most  tragic  event  in  Oregon  history,  we  think 
it  not  wise  to  blur  these  pages.    While  the  atti- 


tude ot  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  toward  the 
American  settlers  and  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  toward  the  Protestant  missions  was 
such  as  to  place  snch  events  as  this  as  natural, 
and  almost  inevitable  results  of  that  attitude,  no 
satisfactory  evidence  has  appeared  that  tliey 
were  planned  or  intended.  Hence  we  are  ready 
to  leave  their  discussion  with  this  statement, 
feeling  sure  that,  while  a  large  moral  responsi- 
bility for  the  destruction  of  the  mission  of 
Waiiletpu  and  the  murder  of  those  who  had 
labored  so  earnestly  and  long  for  the  welfare 
of  Indians,  must  rest  upon  the  unseemly  zeal  of 
these  fierce  sectai-ies  of  Romanism,  as  well  as 
upon  the  well-known  opposition  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  to  everything  American, 
the  Indians  were  carried  by  their  ignorance 
and  passion  far  beyond  the  intentions  of  either 
the  priests,  whose  teachings  inflamed  them,  or 
the  company  whose  desire,  as  they  understood 
it,  had  been  so  long  a  law  unto  them.  If,  dur- 
ing the  frenzy  of  that  day  of  blood,  neither 
party  interfered  to  avert  or  soften  the  blow, 
or  if,  immediately  following  it,  either  or  both 
declined  assistance  to  the  fugitive  sufferers  who 
had  escaped  massacre,  we  set  it  down  more  to 
the  weakness  of  the  individuals  who,  for  the 
time,  stood  as  representatives  of  the  company 
and  the  church,  than  to  these  bodies  themselves. 
Had  McKinley  or  Ogden  or  Douglas  been  in 
charge  of  Fort  Walla  instead  of  McBean  when 
the  fugitives  from  Waiiletpu  lay  at  its  gate  ask- 
ing for  succor,  the  suffering  family  of  Osborn, 
hiding  in  the  willows  near  Waiiletpu  during 
those  freezing  nights,  would  have  been  at  once 
sought  out  and  cared  for.  The  fugitive  and 
frightened  Hall  would  not  have  been  put 
over  the  Columbia  river  and  left  in  the  win- 
try desert  among  the  savages  to  starve  or  be 
killed,  one  of  which  must  needs  occur,  as  he 
was  by  the  heartless  cowardice  of  McBean. 
So  much  history  must  fairly  record,  but  in 
the  recording,  this  it  must  not  forget  that 
such  men  do  not  fitly  represent  all  men,  nor 
even  most  men,  but  stand  for  themselves  alone. 
An  express  was  sent  at  once  from  Fort  Walla 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Walla  to  Mr.  James  Douglas,  chief  factor  of 
the  Hiulsou's  Bay  Goiiipany  at  Vancouver,  with 
intelligence  of  the  massacre.  In  harmony 
with  his  past  want  of  cotnpi-ehension  and  spirit, 
Mr.  McBean  instructed  the  courier  carrying  tlie 
message  not  to  communicate  the  fact  of  the 
massacre  to  the  whites  at  the  Dalles  as  he 
passed,  thus  leaving  them  exposed,  without 
warning,  to  the  fate  that  had  befallen  AVaiilet- 
pii.  On  the  arrival  of  the  courier  at  Vancou- 
ver, the  action  of  Mr.  Douglas  was  prompt  and 
effective,  entirely  sufficient  to  set  at  rest  all 
question  as  to  the  conjplicity  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  in  any  way  with  the  sad  events 
that  had  just  occurred.  He  immediately  sent 
a  courier  express  with  a  message  notifying 
Governor  Abernethj,  at  Oregon  City,  of  what 
had  taken  place.  Without  waiting  for  any 
action  by  the  governor  or  the  American  settlers, 
he  immediately  dispatched  Mr.  Peter  Skeen 
Ogden,  cue  of  the  most  influential  and  able 
factors  of  the  company,  with  an  armed  force  to 
the  scene  of  the  tragedy.  Mr.  Ogden  held  a 
council  with  the  Cayuses  at  Fort  Walla  Walla. 
He  declared  the  great  displeasure  of  the  com- 
pany at  their  conduct.  He  proposed  to  ransom 
the  forty -seven  prisoners,  chiefly  women  and 
children,  that  they  held  in  captivity.  His 
prompt  and  decisive  action  resulted  in  the  de- 
livery of  these  poor  people  from  their  captivity. 
On  January  1,  1848,  fifty  Nez  Perces  from 
Lapwai  arrived  with  Mr.  Spaulding  and  ten 
others,  who  had  also  been  in  great  peril  from 
the  contagion  of  murder  which  had  spread 
through  all  the  neigli boring  tribes  by  the  action 
of  Cayuses,  and  who  were  also  held  as  prison- 
ers by  the  Nez  Perces.  These  were  also  ran- 
somed l)y  Mr.  Ogden,  and  thus  all  the  whites 
in  the  infected  district  were  delivered  out  of 
the  hands  of  the  savages  by  the  resolute 
action  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  before 
the  Americans  had  time  to  act.  On  January 
10  the  rescued  prisoners  were  delivered  over  to 
Governor  Abernethy  by  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company's    people,     at     Oregon     City.     Thus 


closed  the  opening  and  bloody  chapter  of  the 
Indian  wars  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 

When  the  intelligence  of  the  murder  of 
Di-.  and  Mrs.  Whitman  and  their  associates 
i-eaclied  Governor  Abernetliy  at  Oregon  City, 
the  Legislature  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment was  in  session.  A  call  for  volunteers, 
to  proceed  at  once  to  The  Dalles  and  take 
possession  of  that  place,  was  at  once  issued. 
Great  fears  were  entertained  that  the  Indians  of 
the  interior  might  assail  the  settlements  on  the 
west  of  the  mountains  by  the  way  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  the  only  way  tiiey  could  be  reached 
by  them  in  the  winter.  The  extent  of  the  de- 
fection of  the  Indians  \vas  not  known  at  the 
capital;  hence  provision  must  be  made  for  any 
contingency  at  once.  On  the  night  of  the  8th 
of  December,  the  very  day  the  news  of  the 
massacre  reached  Oregon  city,  a  public  meeting 
was  held  in  that  place,  and  a  company  was  or- 
ganized, under  the  name  of  the  "Oregon  Rifles,'' 
to  pioceed  at  once  to  The  Dalles  and  take  posses- 
sion of  that  strategic  point.  Henry  A.  G.  Lee 
was  made  captain,  and  Joseph  Magone  and 
John  E.  Ross,  lieutenants  of  it.  The  legisla- 
lature  pledged  the  credit  of  the  provisional  gov- 
ernment to  secure  equipments  for  the  company, 
but  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  preferred  the 
individual  responsibility  of  the  committee  of 
the  legislature  who  applied  for  the  equipments. 
This  was  given,  and  arms  and  ammunitions 
were  issued  to  the  company,  which  arrived  at 
Vancouver  on  the  10th,  only  two  days  after  its 
organization,  to  receive  them.  On  the  2l8t 
they  reached  The  Dalles,  and  the  danger  of  an 
Indian  invasion  west  of  the  mountains  was  over 
for  the  winter.  But  this  did  not  end,  it  only 
began,  the  war.  The  scattered  people  of  Oregon 
could  not  rest,  indeed  they  dared  not  rest,  with 
the  murders  of  Waiiletpu  unavenged  and  the 
murderers  still  at  large.  To  have  done  so  would 
have  been  to  invite  a  bloody  Indian  war  fi'om 
end  to  end  of  the  country. 

The  action  of  the  legislature  and  of  Governor 
Abernethy  was  prompt  and  eflective.  On  De- 
cember U  an  act  was   passed  and  approved  for 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINdTON. 


the  organization  of  a  regiment  of  fourteen  com- 
panies, and  their  equipment  for  service.  The 
brave  pioneers  responded  with  patriotic  devo- 
tion to  the  call,  furnishing  their  own  arms, 
equipments  and  horses.  The  men  who  led  were 
the  men  of  mark  tiien  and  subsequently  in  the 
history  of  this  country,  and  it  seems  only  a 
proper  recognition  of  their  patriotism  and  brav- 
ery to  place  their  names  on  the  pages  of  every 
history  of  those  thrilling  times  in  the  story  of 
the  Northwest.     Here  is  a  roster  of  the  officers: 

FIELD    AND    STAFF. 

Colonel,  Cornelius  Gilliam;  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel, James  Waters;  Major,  H.  A.  G.  Lee;  Adju- 
tant, B.  F.  Burch;  Surgeon,  W.  M.  Carpenter; 
Assistant  Surgeons,  F.  Sneiderand  H.  Safarans; 
Commissary,  Joel  Palmer;  Quartermaster,  B. 
Jennings;  Paymaster,  L.  B.  Knox;  Judge  Ad- 
vocate, J.  S.  Rinearsou. 

LINE    OFFICERS. 

Company  A,  fifty-live  men.  Captain,  Law- 
rence Hall;  First  Lieutenant,  H.  D.  O'Bayant; 
Second  Lieutenant,  John  Engent. 

Company  B.,  forty-three  men.  Captain,  J. 
W.  Owens;  First  Lieutenant,  A.  F.  Rogers; 
Second  Lieutenant,  T.  C.  Shaw. 

Company  C,  eighty-four  men.  Captain,  IL 
J.  G.  Maxon;  First  Lieutenant,  I.  N.  Gilbert; 
Second  Lieutenant,  W.  P.  Pugh. 

Company  D,  thirty-six  men.  Captain,  Thomas 
McKay;  First  Lieutenant,  Charles  McKay;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  Alexander  McKay. 

Company  D,  fifty-two  men.  Captain,  Phil. 
F.  Thompson;  First  Lieutenant,  James  Brown; 
Second  Lieutenant,  J.  M.  Garrison. 

Company  E,  forty-four  men.  Captain,  L.  N. 
English;  First  Lieutenant,  William  Shaw;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  M.  V.  Munkers. 

Company  E,  thirty-six  men.  Captain,  AVill- 
iam  Martin;  First  Lieutenant,  A.  E.  Garrison; 
Second  Lieutenant,  David  Waters. 

Company  E,  sixty-three  men.  Captain  Will- 
iam P.  Pugh;  First  Lieutenant,  N.  R.  Doty; 
Second  Lieutenant,  M.  Ramsby. 


Company  G,  sixty-six  men.  Captain,  J.  W. 
Nesmith;  First  Lieutenant,  J.  S.  Snook;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  M.  Gilliam. 

Company  H,  forty-nine  men.  Captain,  G. 
W.  Bennett;  First  Lieutenant,  J.  R.  Bevin; 
Second  Lieutenant,  J.  R.  Payne. 

Company  I,  thirty-six  men.  Captain,  W. 
Shaw;  First  Lieutenant,  D.  Crawford;  Second 
Lien  ten  ant,  B.  Dario. 

Company  No.  7,  twenty-seven  men.  Cap- 
tain, William  Martin;  First  Lieutenant,  A  E. 
Garrison;  Second  Lieutenant,  John  Hersen. 

F.  S.  Waters"  Guard,  fifty-seven  men.  Cap- 
tain, William  Martin;  First  Lieutenant,  1). 
Weston ;  Second  Lieutenant,  B.  Taylor. 

Reorganized  Company.  Captain,  John  E. 
Ross;  First  Lieutenant,  D.  P.  Bai-nes;  Second 
Lieutenant,  W.  W.  Porter. 

This  roster  shows  a  force  of  about  GOO  enlist- 
ments besides  field  and  staff  officers,  and  with 
this  force  Colonel  Gilliam  proceeded  to  The 
Dalles  the  last  of  February,  1848.  On  the  27th, 
with  130  men,  he  moved  forward  and  crossed 
Des  Chutes  river,  where  he  was  fairly  within 
the  enemy's  country.  A  reconnoissance,  led  by 
Major  Lee  up  that  river  about  twenty  miles,  dis- 
covered aliostile  camp  and  engaged  it,  when  the 
party  returned  and  reported  to  the  colonel.  On 
tiie  following  day  Colonel  Gilliam  moved  up 
to  the  same  place,  and  tlie  next  morning  had  a 
skirmish  with  the  Indians  of  the  Des  Chutes 
tribe,  which  resulted  in  a  defeat  of  tlieir  forces, 
and  was  followed  by  a  treaty  of  peace  which 
withdrew  this  band  from  the  hostiles  for  the 
remainder  of  tlie  war.  Though  attended  with 
little  fatality,  the  result  of  this  movement  was 
very  important,  as  it  would  have  been  entirely 
unsafe  for  the  command  of  Colonel  Gilliam  to 
have  moved  forward,  leaving  this  hostile  band 
in  its  rear  and  between  it  and  the  Willamette 
valley,  which  would  have  been  thus  opened  to 
depredation. 

Colonel  Gilliam  immediately  pushed  forward 
toward  Waiiletpu,  about  150  miles  distant.  His 
route  was  over  an  open,  treeless  country  of 
gi-eat  rolling  hills,  poorly  watered,  full  of  ra- 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


107 


vines  and  gulches  that  afforded  many  oppor- 
tunities for  the  peculiar  tactics  of  Indian  war- 
fare. At  Sand  Hollow,  about  half  way  from  the 
Des  Chutes  to  Waiiletpu,  the  Indians  were  en- 
countered in  force.  Their  field  was  well  chosen. 
It  was  a  deep  depression  among  the  sandy  hills, 
full  of  cuts  and  washes,  affording  excellent  hid- 
ing places  for  the  Indians,  and  extended  across 
the  emigrant  road,  on  which  the  column  was 
advancing.  Up  to  this  time  it  was  uncertain 
whether  the  entire  Cayuse  nation  would  enter 
the  war  to  protect  the  murderers  or  not.  many 
believing  that  a  large  number  of  them  wouM 
not.  But  here  all  were  undeceived.  The  great 
body  of  Cayuse  warriors,  under  the  commaiid 
of  their  head  chief.  Five  Crows,  and  a  chief 
named  War  Eagle,  offered  to  tiie  volunteer 
force  the  gauge  of  battle,  which  was  promptly 
accepted.  Upon  the  company  of  Captain  McKay 
the  first  assault  was  made.  Five  Crows  and 
War  Eagle  both  made  pretensions  to  the  posses- 
sion of  wizard  powers,  and  to  demonstrate  their 
powers  to  their  own  people  dashed  out  of  their 
concealments,  rode  down  close  to  the  volunteers 
and  shot  a  little  dog  that  came  out  of  tlie  ranks 
to  bark  at  them.  The  orders  were  not  to  fire, 
but  Captain  McKay's  Scotch  blood  was  up, 
and,  bringing  his  rifle  to  his  face,  he  took  de- 
liberate aim  at  War  Eagle  and  drove  a  bullet 
through  his  head,  killing  him  instanflj.  Lien- 
tenant  McKay  fired  his  shotgun  at  Five  Crows 
without  aim,  and  wounded  him  so  badly  that 
he  was  compelled  to  give  up  tlie  command  of 
his  warriors.  Disheartening  as  was  this  open- 
ing of  the  battle  to  the  Indians,  they  continued 
it  until  late  in  the  afternoon.  During  the  battle 
Captain  Maxon's  company  followed  a  party  of 
retreating  Indians  so  far  that  they  found  them- 
selves surrounded,  and  in  a  sharp  engagement 
that  followed  eight  of  his  men  were  disabled. 
Before  nightfall  the  Indians  drew  oflF  the  field. 
The  regiment  camped  upon  it  without  water, 
while  the  Indians,  who  had  retired  but  a  short 
distance,  built  their  fires  on  a  circle  of  hills 
about  two  miles  in  advance.  The  next  day 
Colonel    Gilliam    moved    forward,  the   Indians 


retiring  before  him,  and  reached  Waiiletpu  the 
third  day  after  the  battle. 

The  main  body  of  Indians  fell  back  toward 
Snake  river.  The  volunteers  followed,  making 
fruitless  attempts  to  induce  the  surrender  of  the 
murderers  of  Waiiletpu.  Colonel  Gilliam  re- 
solved on  a  raid  into  the  country  north  of  the 
river.  On  his  way  he  surprised  a  camp  of 
Cayuses  near  that  stream:  among  whom  were 
some  of  the  murderers.  The  crafty  Indians  de- 
ceived the  colonel  with  professions  of  friend- 
ship, and  pointed  out  some  horses  on  the  hills 
that  they  said  belonged  to  those  he  was  anxious 
to  kill  or  capture,  while  the  pai-ties  themselves 
were  far  out  of  reach  beyond  Snake  river.  The 
column  started  to  return  toward  AValla  Walla, 
but  all  the  warriors  of  Indian  camp  were  soon 
mounted  on  war  horses  and  assailed  tlie  column 
on  all  sides,  forcing  the  volunteers  to  fight  their 
way  as  they  fell  back.  All  day  and  into  the 
night  the  running  fight  continued,  and  when 
Colonel  Gilliam  reached  Touciiet  rirer  he  or- 
dered the  captured  horses  turned  loose.  When 
the  Indians  regained  possession  of  them  they 
returned  again  toward  Snake  river,  and  the  vol- 
unteers continued  their  retrograde  movement  to 
the  mission. 

Soon  after  reaching  the  mission  station  at 
Waiiletpu,  Colonel  Gilliam  started  to  return  to 
The  Dalles,  designing  also  to  visit  Oregon  City 
and  report  to  the  govei-nor.  While  camped  at 
Well  Springs,  not  far  from  tiie  battle-ground  of 
Sand  Hollow,  he  was  killed  by  the  accidental 
discharge  of  a  gun,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
AVaters  was  elected  liy  the  regiment  to  its 
command. 

A  board  of  commissioners  had  been  sent  by 
the  legislature  with  the  volunteers  to  negotiate 
for  tlie  peaceful  settlement  of  the  difficulties, 
but  all  their  attempts  to  bring  the  Indians  to 
terms  failed.  They  demanded  the  surrender  of 
those  who  committed  the  murders  at  Waiiletpu, 
and  that  the  Indians  should  pay  all  damages  to 
emigrants  who  had  been  robbed  or  attacked 
while  passing  through  the  country  of  the  Cay- 
uses.    The  Indians  refused  to  do  either.     They 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINOTON. 


wished  only  to  be  let  alone,  and  the  Americans 
to  call  the  account  balanced.  As  the  Ameri- 
cans would  not  do  this,  the  Oaynses  abandoned 
their  country  and  crossed  the  Rocky  mountains 
to  hunt  for  buffalo.  The  volunteers  could  only 
leave  the  country  and  return  to  the  AVillamette 
valley.  This  practically  eniled  the  Caynse  war 
so  far  as  active  operations  in  the  held  were  con- 
cerned. In  a  few  months  the  Indians  desired 
to  return,  but  they  were  made  to  understand 
that  peace  could  never  exist  between  them  and 
the  Americans  unless  the  murderers  were  given 
up  for  punishment.  Finally,  they  sent  a  depu- 
tation of  five  chiefs  to  Oregon  City  to  have  a 
talk  with  Clovernor  Lane,  who  had  succeeded 
Mr.  Abernethy  as  chief  executive.  They  were 
thrown  into  ])rison,  tried,  condemned,  and  exe- 
cuted  on    the   3d   day    of  June,    1850.      Many 


doubted  their  guilt.  The  chiefs  themselves  de- 
clared their  innocence  of  the  murders.  They 
declared  that  there  were  but  ten  Indians  eon- 
cei-ned  in  the  murders,  and  affirmed  that  they 
were  all  dead  already.  It  seems  probable  that 
their  story  was  correct  in  the  main,  and  that  the 
men  who  were  executed  were  probably  not 
those  who  perpetrated  the  bloody  deed.  Such 
was  the  judgment  of  Mr.  Spaulding,  and  such, 
too,  was  the  statement  of  Umhowlish,  a  Cay- 
use  chief,  and  others  of  that  tribe,  who  were 
personal  friends  of  Dr.  Whitman,  as  communi- 
cated by  them  to  others  a  few  years  ago. 

With  this  execution,  however,  the  whites  in 
the  main  were  satisfied,  as  the  Indians  were 
overawed  by  it,  and  fears  of  further  hostilities 
were  allayed. 


CHAPTER   XXVI. 

INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Indians  Generally  Disti-rbed — Governor  Stevens — Kamiakin — Council  at  Walla  Walla^ 
General  Palmer — Indians  Opposed  to  Treating — Lawyer — A  Change  in  the  Indians' 
Minds — Treaty  (Joncldded — Governor  Stevens  Proceeds  to  the  North — War  Again 
Breaks  Out — Stevens  Returns — A  Stormy  Council — Plan  of  Looking-Glass — Stevens 
Returns  to  The  Dalles. 


T 'HOUGH  the  "Caynse  War"  had  closed, 
as  related  in  the  last  chapter,  so  far  as 
actual  hostilities  were  concerned,  it  had 
left  that  powerful  tribe  and  all  the  related 
tribes  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains  in  a  jeal- 
ous and  embittered  state  of  feeling.  In  fact 
the  war  had  only  confirmed  their  opinions  of 
the  disposition  of  the  whites  to  encroach  upon 
the  territory  of  the  Indians,  as  well  as  of  their 
power  to  carry  that  purpose  into  effect  unless 
they  were  speedily  checked.  Measurably  over- 
awed, as  the  Indians  were,  by  the  unexpected 
power  with  which  the  Americans  had  avenged 
Waiiletpu,  it  was  not  easy  for  them  to  agree 
among  themselves  as  to  the  proper  course  for 
them  to  take  in  the  future,  but  there  was  ever 


after  that  war  a  prophecy  of  even  more  ex- 
tensive war  in  the  very  atmosphere  of  the 
camps  and  councils  of  all  the  tribes  east  and 
west  of  the  mountains.  However,  notwith- 
standing this  embittered  and  ominous  state  of 
feeling  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  some  years 
passed  without  any  general  outbreak  among 
them.  But  in  all  these  years  there  were  many 
murders  committed  by  individual  Indians, 
and  by  straggling  bauds  of  various  tribes,  along 
the  emigrant  road  and  on  the  shores  of  Puget 
Sound.  These  murders  were  the  occasional 
breaking  forth  of  the  savage  and  revengeful 
spirit  that  was  seething  beneath  the  generally 
impassive  surface  of  the  Indian's  life,  and  each 
one  was  only  a  step  toward  the  wide  and  dan- 


HTSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


199 


gerous  combinations  of  savage  force,  which 
clear-sighted  whites  saw  was  sure  to  be  made  at 
length,  when  tlie  Indians  would  make  one  wide 
and  mighty  elt'ort  to  retrieve  tbeir  departing 
power,  and  recover  tiieir  country  from  the  pos- 
session of  the  hated  white  man.  Some  of  these 
incidents  were  of  the  most  tragic  character,  es- 
pecially those  that  occurred  on  the  line  of  emi- 
grant travel,  and  to  avenge  them  the  various 
bodies  of  United  States  troops  stationed  in  the 
country  were  sent  far  into  the  interior  where 
they  sought  out,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  exter- 
minated the  small  clans  that  had  been  guilty 
of  these  atrocities.  Thus  passed  five  or  six 
years  of  disquiet  and  apprehension. 

Meantime  no  treaties  existed  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Indian  tribes  east  of  the 
Cascade  mountains.  Governor  Stevens,  after 
entering  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Territory 
of  which  he  had  been  appointed  governor,  in 
1853,  had  conferred  with  these  tribes  conceni- 
ing  the  sale  of  their  lands  and  they  had  ex- 
pressed a  willingness  to  dispose  of  them;  but, 
as  months  elapsed  and  no  treaties  were  con- 
cluded, they  began  to  regret  their  promises,  and 
gradually  assumed  an  independent  and  bellig- 
erent attitude  toward  tiie  whites.  This  feel- 
ing grew  so  deep  and  strong  that,  in  January, 
1855,  Governor  Stevens  sent  Mr.  James  Doty, 
one  of  his  most  trusted  aids,  among  them,  to 
ascertain  their  views  on  all  pending  points  of 
controversy  before  he  opened  final  negotiations 
with  tliera.  Through  Doty's  mediation  the 
Yakimas,  Nez  Perces  Cayuses,  Walla  Wallas 
and  several  smaller  tribes  allied  to  them,  agreed 
to  meet  Governor  Stevens  in  a  general  council 
to  be  held  in  the  Walla  Walla  valley  in  May, 
1805.  Kamiakin.  head  chief  of  the  Yakimas, 
and  one  of  the  ablest  Indians  of  his  day,  chose 
the  council  ground,  although  it  was  not  witiiin 
the  territory  of  his  own  tribe,  because  from 
time  immemorial  it  had  been  the  council 
ground  of  the  related  tribes  of  this  portion  of 
the  great  Columbia  valley.  It  was  on  the 
southern  portion  of  the  site  of  the  present  city 
of  Walla  Walla. 


Mr.  Joel  Palmer,  of  Oregon,  had  been  asso- 
ciated by  the  Government  with  Governor  Ste- 
ens  as  commissioner  to  make  the  treaties.  Prov- 
viding  themselves  with  a  large  quantity  of  In- 
dian goods  and  agricultural  implements  for 
gifts  at  the  close  of  the  council,  and  obtaining 
a  military  escort  of  forty  dragoons  at  Fort 
Dallas,  the  commissioners  arrived  at  the  ap- 
pointed grounds  on  the  20th  of  May.  The 
Indians  did  not  begin  to  arrive  until  the  24th, 
when  Lawyer  and  Looking-Glass,  chiefs  of  the 
Nez  Perces,  arrived  with  their  delegations. 
Two  days  later  came  the  Cayuses,  and  on  the 
28th  came  the  Yakimas  under  Kamiakin.  When 
all  had  arrived  thei'e  were  not  less  than  4,000 
Indians  encamped   upon  the  ground. 

It  became  evident,  before  the  council  was  or- 
ganized, that  the  majority  of  the  Indians  were 
opposed  to  entering  into  any  treaty;  and  after 
negotiations  were  begun,  on  the  30th  day  of 
the  month,  they  proceeded  very  slowly  for 
nearly  two  weeks  before  any  conclusion  could 
be  reached. 

The  Indians  delayed  and  debated,  and  in 
every  way  short  of  positive  hostilities  impeded 
the  progress  of. the  negotiations.  This  was 
partly  owing  to  their  fear  that  the  commission- 
ers would  overreach  them,  and  partly  charg- 
able  to  "politics"  among  the  Indians  them- 
selves. 

The  chiefs  were  ambitious,  and  hence  jealous 
and  envious  of  each  other.  The  Nez  Perces 
especially  were  divided.  Joseph  and  Looking- 
Glass  were  unfriendly,  while  Lawyer,  who  had 
already  pledged  his  word  to  Governor  Stevens, 
remained  firm  in  the  position  he  had  taken. 
Looking-Glass  was  the  war  chief  of  his  nation, 
and  had  great  influence.  He  remained  away 
from  the  council  until  the  8th  of  June,  and 
when  he  did  arrive  he  was  rude  and  insolent. 
But  Lawyer  remained  firm,  albeit  it  was  more 
than  suspected  that  there  was  a  bit  of  shrewd 
Indian  diplomacy  in  the  apparently  antagonis 
tic  positions  of  these  two  native  statesmen,  the 
design  of  which  was  to  gain  a  stronger  hold 
upon  the   whites,  and   to  secure  themselves  in 


niSTORT    OF    WASHlNOtON. 


the  chieftainship  of  their  tribes.  Whether  it 
was  this  or  bitter  political  rivalry  between 
them,  it  is  impossible  to  tell.  Whatever  it  was 
their  antagonisms  greatly  delayed  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  council,  and  at  times  threatened  to 
defeat  its  purposes  altogether. 

At  the  beginning  of  negotiations  the  chiefs 
of  the  Yfikimas,  AValla  Wallas  and  Caynses 
were  almost  unanimous  against  treating.  Kam- 
iakin,  (Jwhi,  Peupeumoxmox  were  decided  in 
their  opposition;  and,  with  only  Lawyer  among 
the  leading  chiefs  of  all  these  tribes  in  its  favor? 
it  appeared  very  doubtful  if  any  couhl  be  con- 
cluded, and  to  fail  in  this  was  to  render  a  gen- 
eral war  certain  at  once. 

Thus  matters  remained  up  to  Saturday  eve- 
ning, the  9tli  of  June, —  at  least  this  was  tlieir  ap 
parent  position  when  the  council  adjourned  that 
day.  When  it  convened  on  Monday,  the  11th, 
a  change  had  come  over  the  spirit  of  the  In- 
dians' dream.  This  probably  arose  from  two 
causes:  tirst  Palmer  had  receded  from  his  pur- 
pose to  put  all  the  Indians  on  one  reservation 
and  consented  that  each  tribe  should  have  a  res- 
ervation of  its  own;  and,  secondly,  some  means, 
well  understood  among  other  than  Indian  poli- 
ticians, had  been  found  whereby  the  leading 
chieftains  had  become  "convinced"  that  it  was 
better  for  them  to  accede  to  the  desires  of  the 
commissioners,  and  conclude  a  treaty  with 
them.  So  on  Monday,  the  11th,  all  the  chiefs, 
including  Kamiakin  himself,  signed  the  treaty, 
Kamiakin  declaring  that  it  was  only  for  the 
sake  of  his  people,  and  not  because  he  agreed 
with  it,  that  he  signed  it.  When  all  was  con- 
cluded the  vast  Indian  camp  held  a  great  scalp 
dance,  in  which  150  women  took  part,  and  after 
which  they  broke  up  their  encampments  and 
separated.  On  the  IGth  Governor  Stevens  pro- 
ceeded towards  the  Blackfoot  country,  the  gov- 
ernment having  directed  him  to  enter  into  ne- 
gotiations with  that  and  other  powerful  tribes 
in  the  northeast  portion  of  the  Territory.  He 
believed  that  he  had  secured  peace  with  the 
great  tribes  of  the  middle  Columbia,  and  went 
northward    with    high    hopes    of    securing   the 


same  result  with  those  upon  its  upper  waters. 
Governor  Stevens  was  accoinpanied  by  a  spe- 
cial delegation  of  the  Nez  Perce  under  the 
special  agency  of  William  Craig.  Craig  was  a 
man  of  much  influence  among  the  Indians,  his 
wife  being  a  Nez  I'erce  and  he  having  resided 
among  them  for  many  years.  He  always  used 
that  influence  judiciously,  and  hence  was  much 
trusted  by  both  Indians  and  whites.  He  was 
also  attended  by  Agent  R.  H.  Lansdale,  special 
agent  Doty,  and  Mr.  A.  II.  Robie,  all  of  whom 
were  men  well  fltted  to  assist  him  in  his  under- 
taking. He  reached  the  I^lackfoot  country 
about  the  middle  of  September,  and  soon  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  that  powerful  tribe.  Scarce- 
ly was  this  accomplished  before  he  received 
intelligence  that  the  Yakimas,  Walla  Wallas 
Palouses  and  a  part  of  the  Nez  Perces  had  al- 
ready violated  the  treaty  of  Walla  Walla,  and 
were  at-  war  with  the  whites  all  over  the  east- 
ern part  of  Washington,  and  that  the  Indian 
defection  had  extended  to  the  tribes  on  Puget 
Sound,  so  that  the  whole  Territory  was  under 
the  horrors  of  Indian  M'arfare.  These  great 
tril)es  lay  directly  across  his  pathway  toward 
his  capital.  Advices  from  army  officers  recom- 
mended iiim  to  go  home  to  Olympia  by  the  w'ay 
of  St.  Louis  and  New  York.  It  was  not  like 
Governor  Stevens  to  take  this  tiniorous  advice 
and  he  determined  to  face  toward  the  eiiemies 
that  would  dispute  his  advance,  and  get  among 
his  people  at  the  earliest  possible  date.  He  at 
once  sent  an  express  to  Fort  Benton  for  ad- 
ditional arms  and  ammunition,  and,  leaving 
his  command  to  move  when  their  supplies  ar- 
rived, himself  moved  forward  with  only  A.  H. 
Robie  and  an  Indian  interpreter  to  Bitter  Root 
valley,  where  Agent  Lansdale  was  in  charge  of 
the  Flatheads.  At  Fort  Owen,  in  that  valley,  he 
was  joined  by  the  Nez  Perces  delegation  under 
Looking-Glass,  Spotted  Eagle,  and  Three  Fathers, 
who  agreed  to  accompany  Stevens  as  a  part  of 
his  escort,  and  who  also  promised  to  send  a  large 
party  of  Nez  Perce  warriors  if  necessary  to  es- 
cort him  from  Lapwai  to  The  Dalles,  if  neces- 
sary, to  defend  him  from  the  Yakimas.     At  Hell 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


201 


Gate  Pass  he  lialted  until  his  company  arrived, 
and  tlien  crossed  the  13itter  Hoot  mountains 
in  three  feet  of  snow,  and  pnslied  rapidly  down 
to  the  C<enr  d'  Alene  mission.  AVithin  twenty- 
tive  miles  of  it,  witli  only  two  white  men  and 
four  Nez  I'erces,  he  went  forward  and  threw 
himself  into  the  midst  of  the  Cd-ur  d'Aleues,  as 
he  says,  "with  our  rifles  in  (ine  hand  and  our 
arms  stretched  out  on  the  other  side,  tendering 
them  both  the  sword  and  the  olive  branch." 
The  Nez  Perces  fully  co-operated  with  Stevens, 
and  the  result  was  that  the  Cffiur  d'Alenes  gave 
the  governor  a  cordial  welcome.  But  soon  their 
manner  changed,  and  they  seemed  undecided 
whether  to  commit  themselves  to  peace  or  ful- 
fill their  engagment  with  emissaries  of  Kamia- 
kin,  who  had  left  their  camp  only  five  days  l)e- 
fore  Stevens"  arrival,  and  enter  the  war  com- 
bination extending  all  over  the  Northwest. 
Stevens  did  not  give  them  any  opportunity  to 
retract  their  friendly  professions  but  hastened 
on  to  the  Spokane  country,  where  he  had  re- 
solved to  hold  a  council.  When  he  arrived  here 
runners  were  sent  to  the  Pend  d'Oreilles,  lower 
Spokane  and  Colville  Indians  summoning  them 
to  the  council,  and  to  Jesuit  Fathers  Kavelli 
and  Joset,  of  the  missions,  to  bring  them  to- 
gether for  that  purpose. 

The  council  was  a  stormy  one.  The  Indians 
demanded  a  promise  that  the  United  States 
troops  should  not  pass  nortii  of  Snake  river, 
but  this  Stevens  would  not  give.  Still  he  so  far 
succeeded  as  to  satisfy  the  Indians  that  the 
stories  told  by  Kamiakin's  agents  were  false, 
and  they  appeared  satisfied  and  promised  to  re- 
main peaceable.  How  far  this  was  real  could 
not  be  told,  as  the  imperturbable  surface  of  an 
Indian's  face  is  no  mirror  to  reflect  the  agitated 
deep  of  his  heart.  An  incident  will  illustrate 
this. 

Looking-Glass  was  one  of  the  Nez  Perces 
chiefs  who  had  signed  the  treaty  with  "Walla 
Walla.  After  the  Blackfoot  council  Stevens 
was  warned  to  keep  a  close  watch  on  this  pro- 
fessedly friendly  Indian;  one  of  his  own  Nez 
Perce   g\iai-ds.     lie   set  his   interpreter   to  spy 


upon  him,  and  he  was  soon  detected  in  explain- 
ing to  a  Spokane  chief  a  plan  to  entrap  Stevens 
when  he  should  ai'rive  in  the  Nez  Perce  coun- 
try, and  urging  the  Spokanes  to  a  similar  course. 
Referring  to  this  incident,  Stevens  said:  "I 
never  communicated  to  Looking-Glass  my  know- 
ledge of  his  plans,  but  knowing  them  I  knew  how 
to  meet  them  in  council.  I  also  knew  how 
to  meet  them  in  the  country,  and  it  gave  me  no 
difficulty."  Still  this  incident  shows  that  Look- 
ing-Glass, and  without  doubt,  Kamiakin  and 
Peupeumoxmox  had  no  sincerity  when  they 
signed  the  treaty  of  Walla  Walla,  but  simply 
wished  to  gain  time  in  which  to  prepare  for 
war. 

When  the  Spokane  council  ended,  the  Spo- 
kanes, doubtless  by  collusion  with  Looking- 
Glass,  and  to  carry  out  the  plan  laid  l)y  that 
crafty  villain  for  the  destruction  of  Stevens  and 
his  company,  offered  to  escort  him  through  the 
country  of  the  Nez  Perces,  but  Stevens  declined 
their  proffered  "  friendship."  Instead,  he  en- 
larged his  party  by  enlisting  a  battalion  of 
miners  to  accompany  him  to  The  Dalles,  so*  that 
he  had  a  body  of  fifty.  These  he  mounted  on 
the  best  horse  of  the  country,  and,  thoroughly 
Cfpiipped,  then  moved  rapidly  forward  to  en- 
counter, for  aught  he  knew,  the  whole  war  force 
of  the  confederated  bands.  A  forced  march  of 
four  days  brought  him  to  Lapwai,  when  the  Nez 
Perces,  under  the  influence  of  Craig,  were  al- 
ready assembled  for  a  council,  which  was  im- 
mediately called  by  the  Governor. 

Up  to  this  time  Stevens  had  been  ignorant 
of  the  events  that  had  been  occurring  among 
the  Yakimas,  Klickitats  and  Walla  Wallas,  but 
in  the  midst  of  the  council  an  express  arrived 
from  Walla  Walla  with  news  of  the  fighting  in 
that  valley  and  the  death  of  Peupeumoxmox, 
together  with  the  occupation  of  the  country  by 
the  Oregon  troops.  The  next  day  he  moved 
foi'svard  toward  Walla  Walla  and  The  Dalles, 
accompanied  by  sixty-nine  well  armed  Nez 
Perce-^  and  the,  battalion  of  miners  organized  at 
Spokane,  by  tlie  way  of  the  seat  of  the  war  that 
was  raging  between  him  and  his  capital   on  Pii 


HISTOltT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


get  Sound.    When  be  arrived,  on  the  19tb  Jan-  count  of  the  Indian  war  that  was  now  prevail- 

uary,  he  found  the  country  in  a  most  deplorable  j   ing,  not  only   east  of  the  Cascade   mountains 

condition,  as  all  business  was  suspended,  and  but  all  along  the  shores  of  the  Puget  Sound, 
the  people  were  living  in   block  houses  on   ac- 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

INDIAN  TVARS,  CONTINUED. 

Indians  Concessions  Strategetic— Lawyer— Kamiakin  and  Pecpeumoxmox — Gold  Discoveries- 
Indians  Greatly  Excited — Agent  Bolon  Visits  Kamiakin — His  Murder — The  Purpose 
of  Kamiakin — Expedition  of  Major  Haller — Battle  at  Simcoe — Haller  Compelled  to 
Eetreat — A  General  War  Begun — Puget  Sound  Volunteers — Lieutenant  Slaughter's 
Expedition — Expedition  of  Major  Rains — Small  Results-  Indians  Encouraged— "War 
ON  Puget  Sound— Absence  of  Governor  Stevens— Action  of  Acting  Governor  Maso\ — 
People  on  White  River  Driven  Prom  Their  Homes — The  Decatur — Protest  of  Mr.  Den- 
ny  Massacre  on  White  River — Country  Overrun  by  Hostiles — Action  of  Indians — 

Captain  Maloney's  Expedition — Death  of  Cafi'ain  Slaughter — Forces  Exhausted. 


ENDING  the 


th 


PjliAUlAU  nie  eseuts  recoi 
chapter  war  had  l)roken  out,  almost  si- 
multaneously on  the  plains  of  Eastern 
Washington  and  along  the  Puget  Sound, 
and  we  must  turn  back  a  little,  chronogically,  in 
order  to  give  our  reader  a  knowlede  of  its  story. 
It  is  proper  also  that  we  say  it  not  only  extended 
thus  over  all  of  Washington  Territory,  but  also 
included  nearly  all  of  the  frontiers  of  Oregon  as 
well,  and  that  the  history  of  this  war  east  of  the 
Cascades  involves,  to  a  considerable  extent,  the 
campaigns  of  the  troops  raised  by  Oregon  as 
well  as  those  raised  by  Washington,  although 
its  theater  was  mainly  in  AVashington,  and  so  its 
history  belongs  properly  to  this  Territory. 

Our  readers  ab-eady  understand  the  result  of 
the  Council  of  Walla  Walla  in  May  of  1855. 
Clearly  the  final  concessions  of  the  leading 
chiefs  of  the  Yakima  and  Walla  Walla  tribes, 
together  with  such  chiefs  as  Joseph  and  Looking- 
Glass,  of  the  Nez  Perces,  were  altogether  strate- 
getic.  Tliey  were  at  that  time  unprepared  for 
w^ar,  and  time  roust  be  gained,  and  to  gain  time 
they  finally  consented  to  sign  the  treaty.  Prob- 
ably Lawyer,  at  that  time  the  most  influential 
chief  of  the  Nez  Peices,  was  sincerely  the  friend 


of  the  whites,  as  his  subsequent  action  never  in- 
volved him  in  any  inconsistencies  with  that  pro- 
fession; but  he  could  not  control  such  men  as 
Looking-Glass  and  Joseph,  of  his  own  tribe,  and 
he  had  comparatively  little  influence  with  Ka 
miakin  or  Peupeuinoxinox,of  the  Walla  Wallas, 
both  of  whom  were  men  of  great  ability  and 
thuroughly  the  enemies  of  the  whites.  These 
men  left  the  council  ground  of  Walla  Walla 
only  to  conspire  for  war.  They  sent  emissaries 
into  all  the  tribes  within  hundreds  of  miles, 
called  and  held  war  councils,  and  l)y  their  in- 
flammatory appeals  kept  the  minds  of  the  tribes 
far  and  near  in  a  fever  of  excitement  and  alarm. 
Other  events  also  conspired  to  increase  their 
agitation.  During  the  summer  of  1855,  dis- 
coveries of  gold  were  made  in  the  upper  Colum- 
bia regions,  and  the  usual  rush  of  miners 
into  the  newly  discovered  diggings  took 
place,  many  entering  the  country  by  the 
way  of  Walla  Walla,  and  others  coming  direct 
from  Puget  Sound  over  the  Naches  pass  of  the 
Cascades  and  directly  through  the  country  of 
Kamiakin.  The  excitement  grew  intense.  Some 
of  the  chiefs  declared  tliat  no  Americans  should 
pass    through    their    territories.       Rumor.'^     of 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Indian  murders  began  to  circulate  among  the 
whites.  This  condition  could  have  but  one  re- 
sult, and  that  was  not  long  in  coming. 

While  these  rumors  were  tilling  the  air  Mr. 
A.  J.  Bolon,  special  Indian  agent,  was  on  his 
way  tr)  meet  Governor  Stevens  at  the  Spokane 
council.  He  had  proceeded  lieyond  tiie  Dalles, 
when  he  met  Gearry,  a  chief  of  the  Spokanes, 
who  communicated  to  him  these  rumors,  when 
he  resolved  to  visit  Kamiakin  in  his  own  country 
alone,  to  ascertain  this  truth,  and  also  to  con- 
vince him  that  the  whites  desired  peace. 

Kamiakin's  home  was  in  the  valley  of  the 
Ahtanahm,  a  few  miles  above  the  junction  of 
that  stream  with  the  Yakima  river.  It  was  an 
isolated  valley,  away  from  tlie  usnal  routes  of 
white  travel,  although  a  Catholic  mission  had 
been  established  near  it.  At  this  time  it  was  in 
charge  of  Bronillette,  temporarily,  it  is  said, 
as  Pandosy  had  been  in  charge  of  it  previously. 
Agent  Bolon,  it  was  known,  reached  the  mission, 
had  his  conference  with  Kamiakin,  and  started 
on  his  return  to  The  Dalles.  Not  reaching  that 
place  in  the  proper  time,  Nathan  Olney,  Agent 
at  that  place,  sent  out  an  Indian  spy,  who  re- 
turned with  the  information  that  Bolon  had  been 
murdered  while  returning  to  the  Dalles,  by  the 
order  of  Kamiakin,  by  Qualchien,  son  of  Owhi, 
and  nephew  of  Kamiakin,  while  pretending  to 
escort  him  on  his  homeward  journey.  This 
Kamiakin  confessed  to  tiie  Indian  spy,  whose 
report  was  confirmed  by  a  letter  from  Bronil- 
lette to  ( )lney,  who  also  said  that  war  had  been 
the  chief  topic  among  the  Yakimas  ever  since 
tiieir  return   from  the  Walla  Walla  council. 

It  was  the  purpose  of  Kamiakin  not  to  begin 
the  war  nntil  winter,  when  he  supposed  no  suc- 
cor could  reach  the  Dalles,  and  no  troops  cross 
the  Columbia;  but  the  contagion  of  murder 
among  the  Indians  spread  too  rapidly,  and  so 
many  murders  were  committed  that  Acting 
Governor  Mason,  in  the  absence  of  (Tovernor 
Stevens  in  the  Blackfoot  country,  made  a  requi- 
sition of  forts  Vancoouven  and  Steilacoom  for 
troops  to  protect  travelers  in  the  Yakima  coun- 
try,   and    also    suggested    tiiat    a  company    of 


soldiers  to  meet  Govenor  Stevens  in  the  Spokane 
country  in  September  would  1)0  of  great  use  to 
him. 

Major  Rains,  who  was  in  command  at  The 
Dalles,  ordered  eighty-four  men  umler  Haller 
into  the  Yakima  country  to  co-operate  with  a 
force  to  be  sent  from  Steilacoom  over  the  Cas- 
cade mountains.  Haller  moved  on  the  3d  of 
October,  his  objective  point  being  the  Ahtan- 
ahm valley  where  Kamiakin  resided.  On  the 
third  day,  when  the  troops  had  safely  passed  the 
timbered  range  of  the  Simcoe  mountains,  and  were 
descending  a  long  and  rocky  slope  toward  the 
Simcoe  valley,  some  Indians  appeared,  and  about 
three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  troops  were 
attacked  by  them  on  the  borders  of  a  small 
stream  at  tlie  fort  of  the  slope,  where  the  Indians 
were  concealed  in  the  willow  thickets  bordering 
it.  A  sharp  engagement  commenced  which 
lasted  untU  night,  when  the  Indians  withdrew, 
leaving  Haller  with  eight  killed  and  wounded 
men.  In  the  morning  the  attack  was  renewed, 
Haller  moving  toward  a  bold  eminence  a  mile 
away,  and  the  Indians  endeavoring  to  surronnd 
him.  On  this  eminence,  without  water  and 
with  little  food,  the  troops  fought  all  day.  After 
dark  an  express  was  sent  off  to  The  Dalles  to 
apprise  Major  Ilains  of  the  situation  and  obtain 
reinforcements.  Haller  found  it  necessary  to 
retreat  toward  The  Dalles,  and,  after  burying 
his  howitzer  and  burning  such  of  the  baggage 
and  provisions  as  could  not  be  transported,  he 
organized  his  command  into  two  divisions,  the 
first  under  himself  to  care  for  the  wounded  and 
the  second  under  Captain  Russell  to  act  as  rear 
guard.  His  command  was  led  up  a  very  steep 
mountain  face  by  a  mistake  of  his  guide,  but  a 
much  safer  way  than  would  have  been  the  trail 
which  ascended  the  same  mountain  by  a  long, 
narrow  canon,  in  which  the  Indians  could  easily 
have  destroyed  his  little  army.  On  arriving  in 
Klickitat  valley,  south  of  Simcoe  mountains,  the 
Indians,  who  had  swarmed  about  his  force, 
abandoned  the  pursuit,  and  the  reinaiuder  of  his 
retreat  was  unmolested, 


HISTORY    OF    WASBINOTON. 


While  this  disastrous  campaign  of  llaller  was 
going  forward,  Lieutenant  W.  A.  Slaughter  had 
crossed  the  Cascade  mountains  hy  the  N aches 
pass  with  tifty  men  into  the  Yakima  country, 
with  the  design  of  re-enforcing  llaller,  but,  hear- 
ing of  the  defeat  of  the  latter  and  finding  so 
many  Indians  in  the  tield,  he  prudently  fell  hack 
to  the  west  side  of  the  mountains. 

The  results  of  the  "  llaller  campaign,"  as  it 
was  known  in  the  history  of  Washington,  satis- 
tied  all  that  the  Territory,  in  connection  with 
the  adjoining  Territory  of  Oregon,  must  prepare 
at  once  for  a  heard  and  general  war  with  all,  or 
nearly  all,  of  the  powerful  tribes  within  its 
bounds.  Preparations  were  immediately  begun 
both  by  the  military  and  the  Territorial  author- 
ities. A  proclamation  was  issued  calling  for 
one  company  of  eighty-seven  men  from  Clarke 
county  and  another  from  Thurston  county,  to 
jirovide  as  far  as  ])ossiblefor  their  own  arms  and 
e(j[uipments,  and  to  rej)ort  to  the  commanding 
officers  at  Vancouver  and  Steilacoom.  The  slooji 
of  war  Decatur  and  the  revenue-cutter  Jefferson 
Davis  were  then  in  Puget  Sound,  and  applica- 
tions were  made  to  them  for  arms,  and  the  re- 
quest was  granted. 

The  Puget  Sound  mounted  volunteers,  with 
(iilmore  Hays  as  captain,  were  organized,  and 
reported  themselves  to  the  commanding  officer 
at  Fort  Steilacoom  on  the  20th  of  October,  and 
on  the  2l8t  were  sent  forward  to  White  river  as 
a  reinforcement  to  Lieutenant  Slaughter,  who, 
as  we  have  seen,  had  gone  through  the  Xaches 
pass  into  the  Yakima  country,  but  had  again 
fallen  back  to  the  upper  prairie  on  AYhite  river, 
and  was  now  there  awaiting  the  organization  of 
a  sufficient  force  to  return  to  that  country.  A 
company  of  rangers  was  also  organized,  under  a 
proclaination  of  Acting  Governor  Mason,  and 
took  the  field  on  the  23d  to  watch  the  passes 
of  tlie  mountains  and  guard  the  settlements 
from  invasion  from  that  quarter.  Four  com- 
panies of  reserves  were  also  called  for  to  be  en- 
rolled at  Vancouver,  Cathlamet,  Olympia,  and 
Seattle,  for  any  emergency  that  might  arise. 
i\Iaj(.r  U.iiis,  uf  tlie  I'egular  army,  who  was  about 


to  take  the  field  in  person  against  the  Yakimas, 
was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the  forces  of 
the  Territory  during  the  war,  and  James  Tilton, 
Adjutant-General.  In  conjunction  with  this 
action  on  the  part  of  Washington,  several  com- 
panies were  raised  in  Oregon,  with  J.  W. 
JMesmith  in  command  with  orders  to  proceed  to 
the  seat  of  war  and  co-operate  with  Kains. 

So  rapidly,  under  the  impulse  of  the  universal 
danger,  were  the  arrangements  completed  and 
the  forces  concentrated,  that  Rains  was  ])repared 
to  leave  The  Dalles  for  the  Yakima  country  on 
the  30th  of  October,  with  a  force  of  about  700 
men.  On  the  ith  of  November,  Nesmith,  with 
four  companies  of  Oregon  volunteers,  overtook 
Rains'  force,  and  marched  with  it  to  the  battle- 
ground of  llaller,  where  they  arrived  on  the  7th. 
On  the  8th  there  was  a  slight  skirmish  with  the 
Indians,  who  were  now  less  daring  when  a  strong 
force  was  ojjposed  to  them  than  when  they  were 
confronted  only  by  the  handful  of  Haller,  and 
having  fast  and  fleet  horses  they  could  always 
easily  escape  pursuit. 

There  was  little  in  the  history  of  this  cam- 
paign of  fiains  that  would  repay  the  reader  for 
perusal,  should  we  take  time  to  record  it.  A 
small  fight  took  place  at  the  Yakima  Gap,  where 
that  stream  flows  through  a  range  of  hills,  just 
below  the  present  Yakima  City,  but  the  Indians 
escaped,  and  on  the  10th  the  command  proceeded 
to  the  Ahtanahm  mission,  the  home  of  Kamia- 
kin,  which  they  found  deserted.  Nesmith,  with 
the  Oregon  volunteers,  soon  proceeded  down  the 
Yakima    to   Walla  Walla   to  hold  that    valley 


agai 


the  "  hostiles,"    while    Rains    left  his 


force  to  build  a  block  house  on  the  southern 
border  of  the  Yakima  country,  and  reported  in 
person  to  General  Wool,  who  had  just  arrived 
at  Vancouver  with  a  number  of  officers,  fifty 
dragoons,  and  a  great  quantity  of  arms  and 
ammunition.  General  Wool  suspended  active 
operations  until  he  had  time  to  plan  a  campaign. 
Before  this  was  done  the  Columbia  was  frozen 
over,  and  communications  with  the  upper  coun- 
try were  completely  cut  oflf  for  nearly  a  month. 
This  closed    the  campaiun   of   Kains   in   the  au^ 


II [STORY    OF    WASfflNOTOJ^. 


tumn  and  early  winter  of  1855.  On  the  whole 
it  tended  to  encourage  the  Indians,  and  whet 
rather  than  dull  their  appetite  for  war. 

While  these  events  were  transpiring  east  of 
the  Cascade  mountains,  other  and  more  tragic 
ones  were  occiirring  on  Puget  Sound.  About 
the  1st  of  October,  Mr.  Porter  had  been  driven 
from  his  claim  at  the  head  of  White  river  val- 
ley and  soon  after  all  the  families  of  the  valley 
fled  to  Seattle  for  safety.  Later  in  the  month, 
while  a  company  of  nineteen  rangers,  under  Cap- 
tain Charles  Eaton,  were  scouting  the  country 
in  search  of  Leschi,  the  Nisqually  chief.  Lieu- 
tenant McAllister  and  M.  Connell  were  killed, 
and  the  entire  party  were  besieged  in  a  log 
house,  where  they  had  taken  refuge  until  succor 
came.  But  the  Indians  did  not  push  their  ag- 
gressions for  a  time,  as  they  desired  the  troops 
to  leave  the  valley  for  the  I'akima  country  be- 
fore they  made  the  final  onslaught  upon  the 
settlements.  This  was  shrewd  tactics  on  their 
part,  for  tliey  fully  expected  that  the  troops 
sent  to  Yakima  would  be  destroyed  there,  and 
the  settlements  of  the  Sound  country  would  fall 
an  easy  prey  to  their  vengeance. 

While  these  ev'ents  were  transpiring,  Gover- 
nor Stevens,  who  was  so  well  qualified  to  deal 
with  such  questions  and  such  people,  was  absent 
from  the  scene  of  action.  Those  who  had  charge 
of  things  in  his  absence  were  not  so  well  quali- 
fied to  deal  with  them.  While  sincerity  of  pur- 
pose may  be  accorded  Acting  Governor  Mason, 
his  action  and  advice  were  not  wise  and  judi- 
cious. In  company  with  a  squad  of  soldiers 
from  Steilacoom,  he  visited  the  prairie  from 
which  Porter  had  been  driven,  and  held  a  talk  with 
the  Indians  who  succeeded  in  deceixing  him  by 
professing  friendship  for  the  whites.  He  re 
turned  to  Seattle  and  told  the  people  who  had 
fled  from  the  valley  of  White  river  on  the  occur- 
rences just  related,  that  they  ought  to  return  to 
their  homes  at  once  and  trust  to  the  friendly 
professions  of  the  Indians.  Some  listened  to 
his  advice  and  returned,  although  such  men  as 
Mr.  A.  A.  Denny,  and  others  well  posted  in  In- 
dian affairs,  strongly  protested  against  it.   Even 


Captain  Sterrett,  of  the  United  States  sloop  of 
war,  Decatur,  then  in  the  harbor  for  the  de- 
fense of  the  place,  was  strongly  inclined  to  join 
in  the  advice  of  Mason,  and  only  after  a  most 
vigorous  statement  of  the  danger  by  Mr.  Denny 
did  he  postpone  his  intention  of  getting  his  ship 
under  weigh  and  abandoning  the  place  and  peo- 
ple to  their  fate.  A  few  days  sufficed  to  unde- 
ceive all  as  to  the  intentions  of  the  Indians,  for, 
on  the  morning  of  the  28th  of  October,  they 
fell  upon  the  farming  settlements,  killing  W.  H. 
Brannan,  wife  and  child,  H.  N.  Jones  and  wife, 
G.  E.  King  and  wife  and  Enos  Cooper.  Some 
who  escaped  fled  and  warned  the  people  lower 
down  the  valley,  who  again  fled  to  Seattle.  The 
fugitives  reached  Seattle  about  eight  o'clock  at 
night,  and  the  next  day  C.  C.  Hewitt,  with  a 
company  of  volunteers,  started  for  the  scene  of 
the  tragedy  to  bring  the  dead  and  rescue  any 
who  were  yet  alive.  All  the  country  between 
the  Sound  and  the  mountains,  including  White 
river  and  Puyallup  and  contiguous  valleys,  was 
overrun  by  bands  of  hostile  Indians,  and  all  the 
region  from  Olympia  to  the  Cowlitz  was  de- 
serted by  its  inhabitants,  who  had  either  shut 
themselves  up  in  block-houses  or  gone  into  the 
towns  for  protection.  Fully  half  of  the  able- 
bodied  men  of  this  region,  if  not  of  the  whole 
Territory,  had  entered  the  volunteer  service,  and 
the  other  half  as  home-guard,  had  all  they  could 
do  to  protect  the  women  and  children. 

The  authorities  of  the  Indianservicepublislied 
a  notice  requiring  all  the  Indians  to  form  en- 
campments at  various  accessible  points  along 
the  Sound,  and  special'agents  were  appointed  to 
look  after  them.  This  was  done  for  the  purpose 
of  separating  the  friendly  Indians  from  the  lios- 
tiles,  a  measure  that  would  greatly  diminish  the 
influence  of  the  latter.  Governor  Douglas,  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  very  generously 
sent  their  armed  steamer  Otter  to  remain  at 
Xisqully  for  a  time,  and  sent  with  lier  titty  stand 
of  arms  and  a  large  supply  of  ammunition. 

Captain  Maloney,  in  command  of  Fort  Steila- 
coom, endeavored  to  arrange  a  campaign  in  the 
Puyallup  and  White  river  regions  which  would 


IIIt^rURY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


uncover  the  liostiles  and  destroy  or  drire  them 
out  of  the  country.  But  the  country  was  very 
difficult  for  campaigning,  as  it  was  heavily  tim- 
bered and  covered  with  a  dense  undergrowth 
besides.  Lieutenant  Slaughter,  Captain  Wal- 
lace and  Captain  Hewitt  were  in  command  of 
different  companies  which  were  to  converge 
from  different  directions  toward  AVhite  Kiver 
valley.  Their  marches  were  constantly  har- 
assed by  attacks  from  concealed  Indians.  Little 
but  marches  and  countermarches  was  accom- 
plished. The  Indians  waylaid  them  on  their 
marches,  beat  up  their  quarters  at  night,  and, 
without  any  considerable  battles,  kept  the  col- 
umn in  constant  alarm.  On  the  evening  of  De- 
cember 4,  while  a  conference  was  being  held 
between  Lieutenant  Slaughter  and  other  officers 
in  the  light  of  a  fire  near  the  door  of  a  cabin, 
the  brave  and  accomplished  Slaughter  was  shot 


through  the  heart  and  died  without  uttering  a 
word.  He  was  greatly  esteemed,  and  his  death 
cast  a  deep  gloom  over  the  entire  community. 
He  was  of  the  regular  army,  a  graduate  of  West 
Point,  and  deservedly  held  a  high  personal  rank 
in  the  estimation  of  his  brother  officers.  After 
shooting  Lieutenant  Slaughter,  the  Indians 
kept  up  a  continuous  lire  for  several  hours,  kill- 
ing and  wounding  eight  men.  Soon  after  this 
affair.  Captain  E.  D.  Keyes,  afterward  General 
Keyes  of  tlie  Union  army,  who  was  in  command 
of  Fort  Steilacoom,  announced  that  it  was  neces- 
sary to  withdraw  the  men  from  the  field  and  put 
them  into  garrison,  as  many  of  them  were  sick, 
and  the  pack-horses  were  worn  out  by  the  se- 
verities of  the  travel.  Accordingly  they  were 
stationed  at  such  points  as  would  afford  the  best 
protection  to  the  settlements,  and  active  cam- 
paigning ceased  for  the  remainder  of  the  winter. 


^^^ 


'^ 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Indian  Activity — ^Design  to  Attack  Seattle — Sloop  of  War  Decatur — Yakimas  under  Owhi — 
Indian  Camps — Council  cf  Indian  Chiefs — A  Spy  Present — Time  Fixed  fok  Attack — Cuk- 
let's  Camp — Attack  made — Conflict  all  day — Indians  Defeated — The  N'orthern  Indians 
— Ships  of  War — Colonel  Ebey  Murdered — His  Character — Continued  Depredations. 


|\^TfOTWITHSTAXDIXG  the  troops  were 
I  Vj  withdrawn  from  the  field,  the  Indians  did 
I  li  not  cease  their  activity.  Intimations  of 
V  their  design  to  attack  Seattle   were  con- 

stantly alarming  the  people  of  that  place.  About 
the  1st  of  January,  1856,  the  plans  of  the  In- 
dians to  that  end  drew  toward  a  culmination. 
The  sloop  of  war  Decatur  was  still  in  the  har- 
bor. She  had  been  injured  by  striking  on  a 
reef  near  Bainbridge  island,  and  her  com- 
mander, Captain  Gansevoort,  was  oblitred  to  re- 
move her  batteries  to  the  shore  while  repairing 
her  keel.  While  she  was  drawn  up  on  the 
beach  the  Indians  resolved  to  begin  their  attack 
by  capturing  the  vessel  in  order  to  gain  posses- 


,sion  of  her  arms  and  ammunition.  Before  they 
were  ready  to  make  the  attack,  however,  her  re- 
pairs were  completed  and  her  guns  replaced  on 
her  decks.  Their  failure  to  capture  the  vessel, 
however,  did  not  discourage  tiie  Indians,  but 
they  continued  their  preparations  to  attack  the 
place.  Indians  from  the  east  side  of  the  Cas- 
cade mountains,  under  Owhi,  a  Yakima  chief, 
mentioned  elsewhere,  joined  those  on  the  west 
side  under  Coquilton.  The  hostile  bands  from 
near  and  far  had  di-awn  in  about  the  little  city 
that  then  was  no  more  than  a  hamlet  surround- 
ing a  sawmill.  Except  the  few  men  resident  in 
the  place,  the  entire  force  available  for  its  pro- 
tection and  the  defense  of  the  sloop  of  war  was 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


the  150,  all  told,  that  manned  the  vessel.  Over 
100  of  these  were  stationed  on  shore,  the  re- 
mainder being  left  to  guard  the  vessel. 

Back  of  the  little  hamlet  were  steep,  wooded 
bliifls,  and  back  of  these  a  rough  and  densely 
timbered  country.  At  various  points  about  the 
place  were  Indian  camps  occupied  by  Indians 
who  claimed  to  be  friendly.  But  they  were  not 
all  reliably  so,  even  if  any  were,  and  a  knowl- 
edge of  that  fact  kept  the  whites  on  a  vigilant 
guard.  The  air  was  full  of  the  contagion  of 
murder  and  warfare,  and  the  Indian  camps, 
especially  at  night,  were  the  scenes  of  excited 
and  savage  plottings.  In  the  afternoon  of  Janu- 
ary 25,  the  crew  of  the  Decatur  were  placed  at 
their  stations  on  the  shore.  Late  in  the  evening 
some  strange  Indians  were  seen  carelessly  saun- 
tering through  the  streets  of  tlie  town,  which 
aroused  the  suspicions  of  the  people,  and  an  In- 
dian known  to  the  whites  as  Curley  was  sent 
into  the  camps  to  reconnoiter.  At  ton  o'clock 
he  brought  back  assurances  that  there  were  no 
Indians  except  those  who  had  their  permanent 
camps  in  the  neighborhood.  Within  two  hours 
of  the  time  of  making  this  report,  in  the  lodge 
of  this  very  Indian,  a  council  of  Indian  chiefs, 
consisting  of  Leschi,  Owhi,  Tecumseh,  Yarkke- 
man  and  himself,  was  held,  and  plans  were  ar- 
ranged for  an  immediate  attack  on  the  place. 
The  plan  was  for  the  "friendly"  Indians  to 
prevent  the  escape  of  the  people  to  the  two 
ships  that  were  anchored  in  the  bay,  while  the 
warriors,  who  were  assembled  in  the  woods  im- 
mediately back  of  the  town,  made  the  assault. 
In  this  way  they  expected  to  destroy  all  the  in- 
habitants of  the  place  before  morning,  and  then 
they  intended  to  attack  the  vessels. 

Most  fortunately  for  the  people  of  the  place, 
Yarkkeman — otherwise  known  to  the  whites  as 
"Jim" — was  present  at  the  council  in  Curley's 
lodge  as  a  spy,  and  not  as  a  conspirator.  He 
intended  to  put  the  commander  of  the  Decatur 
on  his  guard,  and  to  do  this  must  gain  time. 
He  convinced  the  conspirators  that  a  bettei- 
time  for  attack  would  be  after  the  men  from  the 
Decatur  had   returned  to  the  ship  in  the  morn- 


ing, laid  aside  their  guns,  and  retired  to  rest. 
So  the  time  fixed  for  the  attack  was  ten  o'clock 
in  the  forenoon  instead  of  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  Jim  found  an  opportunity  to  convey 
tlie  intelligence  of  the  intended  attack  to  the 
commander  of  the  Decatur. 

After  the  conference  at  Curley's  lodge,  the 
Indians  crept  up  to  tlie  very  borders  of  the 
town,  and  concealed  themselves  in  squads  near 
each  house.  At  seven  o'clock  the  Decatur's 
men  returned  to  the  vessel  for  breakfast  and 
rest. 

At  the  camp  of  Curley  there  were  quite  a 
number  of  non-combatants  who  were  hurrying 
into  canoes,  carrying  their  property  with  them, 
and  hastily  preparing  to  go  to  some  other  place. 
Oneof  the  Indian  women, — the  mother  of  "Jim," 
— on  being  interrogated  about  the  matter,  re- 
plied that  there  were  hosts  of  "Kiickitats"  at 
Tom  Pepper's  house,  which  was  situated  at  the 
foot  of  the  hills,  within  range  of  the  howitzer 
in  battery.  As  soou  as  this  information  was 
given,  the  men  from  the  sloop  were  ordered 
ashore  again,  and  Captain  Gansevoort  ordered  a 
shell  dropped  into  the  house  where  it  was  said 
the  Kiickitats  were  congregated.  The  boom  of 
the  howitzer  was  instantly  answered  by  a  crash 
of  musketry  from  all  along  the  woods  in  tlie 
rear  of  the  town,  accompanied  by  the  war-whoop 
from  1,000  savage  throats.  The  promptness  of 
the  Indians  in  replying  to  the  discharge  of  the 
howitzer  demonstrated  that  they  were  fully  in 
position  for  their  assault,  and  in  sufficient  num- 
bers to  justify  their  expectation  of  its  easy  cap- 
ture. Had  their  assault  been  made  without  the 
general  alarm  caused  by  the  firing  of  the  how- 
itzer, doubtless  many  of  the  most  exposed  fami- 
lies would  have  been  butchered,  but  in  that 
alarm  these  fled  to  the  block-house,  and  but  two 
persons  were  killed.  Two  houses  were  burned 
and  several  more  plundered  during  the  day  and 
evening.  The  salvation  of  the  town  was  secured 
by  the  range  of  the  guns  of  the  Decatur,  which 
kept  the  Indians  so  far  away  as  to  prevent  their 
muskets  doing  much  execution.  All  day  this 
kind  of  warfare   was  continued,  the  Indians  at 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


times  making  charges  upon  the  marines,  and 
being  driven  back  from  the  muzzles  of  their 
gnns.  The  usual  bravado  and  gasconade  of  the 
Indians  were  indulged  in  by  some  of  them, 
notably  by  Curley,  either  friend  or  enemy 
of  the  whites  as  the  fancy  of  the  moment  took 
him.  On  the  morning  of  the  27th  it  was  found 
that  they  had  given  up  the  contest  and  with- 
drawn. 

This  attempt  to  capture  Seattle  was  the  great 
effort  of  the  Indians  in  the  war  upon  the  Sound. 
It  was  understood  from  Olympia  to  Port  Towns- 
hend  and  Bellingham  Bay.  It  was  under  the 
direction  of  Leschi  and  Owhi,  one  at  the  head  of 
the  Sound  Indians  and  the  other  leading  the 
Yakimas  and  Ivlicktats  from  east  of  the  moun- 
tains. Had  they  succeeded  in  their  attempt  upon 
Seattle  it  would  have  combined  all  the  tribes 
west  of  the  Cascade  mountains  in  a  war  of 
extermination  against  the  whites.  Failing,  these 
tribes  concealed  their  complicity  in  this  plan 
and  remained  neutral. 

The  remainder  of  the  Indian  war  upon  the 
Sound  was  mainly  with  bands  of  '"-Northern 
Indians"  coming  over  from  the  British  Colum- 
bia side  of  the  Straits  of  Fuca,  and  was  mostly 
conducted  on  the  side  of  the  whites  by  the  Fnited 
States  steamers  Massachusetts  and  John  Han- 
cock and  the  sloop  of  war  Decatur.  These  In- 
dians were  of  the  Longa  Hydah,  Stickene  and 
Shineshean  tribes.  They  were  not  driven  from 
the  Sound  until  late  in   the  autumn,  and  then 


after  a  more  severe  chastisement  inflicted  upon 
them  by  the  guns  of  the  vessels  of  war,  and  the 
assaults  of  the  marines  under  the  lead  of  Lieu- 
tenants Simms  and  Forest.  But  even  this  did 
not  conclude  their  incursions,  for,  on  the  11th 
of  August  of  1857,  a  body  of  them  again  landid 
on  Whidby  island,  went  to  the  house  of  I.  N. 
Eljey,  shot  him,  cut  oif  his  head,  robbed  the 
premises  and  escaped  before  the  alarm  could  be 
given.  Mr.  Ebey  was  one  of  the  most  consid- 
al)le  men  of  the  Territory,  and  the  Indians  chose 
him  for  their  vengeance  because  of  his  rank  and 
value  to  the  community,  in  revenge  for  the  losses 
inflicted  upon  them  by  the  vessels  of  war  in  thg 
preceding  autum.  Other  depredations  followed 
during  that  summer,  but  they  were  of  a  dis- 
cursive character,  and  w-ere  met  with  such  vigi- 
lant opposition  on  the  part  of  the  people  and 
the  vessels  of  war  that  comparatively  little  needs 
to  be  recorded  of  them.  They  professed  that 
these  acts  were  all  refaliatiory  for  the  in|uries 
done  them  in  1856. 

To  the  cursory  reader  these  events  may  appear 
but  little  like  a  real  Indian  war.  Still  the  regiou 
over  which  they  spread,  the  small  number  of 
the  whites  in  the  country  and  their  scattered 
condition,  are  al!  to  be  taken  into  the  account  in 
our  history,  and  when  these  things  are  con- 
sidered it  appears  doubtful  if  any  poi'tion  of  the 
coast  really  suffered  more,  or  the  people  were  in 
greater  danger  from  their  Indian  wars,  than 
those  of  Tuget  Sound  at  this  time. 


^^^^^^^ 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


CHAPTER    XXIX. 

INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

East  of  the  Cascades — Column  Moved  to  Walla  Walla — Troops  unDer  Colonel  Kelly — 
Peupedmoxmox  Slain — His  Character — BATtLE  on  the  Walla  Walla — Captain  Bennet* 

Killed T.    R.  Cornilius    Appointed    Colonel — Column    Moves  Northward — Colonel 

Wright — Movement  of  Troops — '-The  Cascades" — General  Wool — Weight  Marches 
from  The  Pai.les — The  Cascades  Attacked — Account  of  the  Battle — Weight's  Course 
Approved — " Biiil  Sheridan." 


T'HE  events  of  the  war  now  re(|iiire  iis  to 
return  with  our  readers  to  the  country  east 
of  tlie  Cascade  mountains,  wliere  the  most 
powerful  Indian  tribes  resided.  Many  had 
advised  a  winter  campaign  against  the  Yakinias 
in  1855-'5G,  but  Colonel  Nesmith  of  the  Oregon 
nionuted  volnnteers  advised  against  it,  as  the 
mountain  trails  were  covered  with  deep  snows 
and  his  animals  were  broken  down,  as  well  as  a 
number  of  his  men  severely  frost-bitten.  As 
the  colnmn  was  so  poorly  supplied  this  was  wise' 
advice.  So  strong  w-as  the  Indian  combination, 
and  their  leaders  were  so  well  acquainted  with 
the  country  in  which  a  column  must  have  oper- 
ated, that  a  campaign  would  have  been  dis- 
astrous, if  it  had  not  ended  in  the  complete 
destruction  of  the  invading  column.  Instead 
therefore  of  invading  tlie  Yakiina  country  from 
The  Dalles  the  column  moved  up  the  Columbia 
toward  Walla  Walla.  On  the  18th  of  Novem- 
ber it  reached  tiie  crossing  of  the  Umatilla, 
where  a  stockade  was  erected  and  named  Fort 
Henrietta,  in  honor  of  the  wife  of  Major  Ilaller. 
On  tiie  night  of  December  2d  the  troops,  now 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Kelly, 
moved  forward  toward  Walla  Walla.  On  the 
way  Peupeumoxmox.  or  Yellow  Serpent,  tlie 
great  Walla  Walla  chief,  met  these  troops  with 
a  flag  of  truce  displayed,  and  a  conference  was 
held  with  him;  but,  as  the  whites  suspected  that 
the  chief  was  attempting  to  entrap  them  into  an 
ambush,  the  Indians  with  the  flag  were  detained 
as    prisoners,    or,    as  it   was  claimed,   hostages, 


while  the  army  marched  forward  toward  Waii- 
letpn.  On  the  way,  during  some  firing  that 
produced  considerable  excitement,  Peupeumox- 
mox was  shot. 

He  was  a  wealthy  and  powerful  chieftain,  and 
a  man  of  great  ability.  He  had  figured  promi- 
nently in  the  conflicts  both  of  opinion  and  arms 
that  had  marked  the  early  years  of  the  occupancy 
of  Eastern  Washington  and  Eastern  Oregon  by 
the  whites,  and  was  considered,  on  the  whole, 
friendly  to  the  Americans  rather  than  to  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  There  was  much 
criticism  of  the  manner  of  his  taking  off,  but,  at 
this  time  lie  was  undoubtedly  hostile,  and  no 
doubt  had  a  complete  understanding  with 
Kamiakin,  so  that,  while  there  was  a  color  of 
impropriety  in  his  dentention  as  a  prisoner  in  the 
manner  in  which  he  was  taken  off,  it  was  after 
all  not  so  strange  that  in  the  excitement  of  an 
attack  made  upon  the  column  in  advance  by  the 
Walla  Walla  warriors,  his  guard  should  kill  the 
chief  as  they  did.  While  we  cannot  fnlly  justify 
it,  we  cannot  join  in  the  strong  sentimental 
criticism  of  it  in  wliich  some  writers  have  in- 
dulged. Indian  conflicts  cannot  be  strictly 
judged  by  the  codes  of  civilized  warfare. 

The  fight  which  began  at  the  killing  of   Peu- 


pe 


umoxmox  continued  throucrh  the  8th and  Otliof 


December,  in  which  the  whites  suffered  quite  se- 
verely. Captain  Bennett,  of  Company  P^,  Oregon 
Volunteers  was  killed,  some  others  mortally  and 
quite  a  number  severely  wounded.  It  was  esti- 
mated that  100  Indians  were  killed  and  wounded. 


210 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


llie  battle  was  I'ouglit  on  the  Walla  Walla  river, 
near  the  old  mission  station  of  Dr.  Whitman, 
and  is  considered  among  the  greatest  striicrgles 
(if  this  war. 

About  this  time  Colonel  Kelly  resigned  and 
was  succeeded  by  T.  R.  Cornelias  as  Colonel, 
to  whose  place  Major  Davis  Layton,  of  Linn 
county,  in  Oregon,  was  elevated.  The  year  was 
closing,  and  with  it  the  active  operations  of  the 
forces  in  the  field.  The  time  up  the  first  of 
March,  1856,  was  spent  in  the  reorganization  of 
the  forces  and  pntting  the  colunin  in  readiness 
for  the  summer  service.  This  done  Colonel 
Cornelius  set  out  on  the  9th  of  March  with  600 
men  toward  the  north  and  west.  He  led  his 
troops  across  Snake  river  and  across  the  Colum- 
bia to  the  mouth  of  the  Yakima,  about  twenty- 
five  miles  aboveold  Fort  Walla  Walla,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  30th.  He  had  met  but  few  In- 
dians. On  the  31st  he  crossed  the  great  river, 
intending  to  march  up  it  through  the  country  of 
Kamiakin,  who  was  conceded  to  be  the  leading 
spirit  of  the  war,  and  humble  that  proud  chief- 
tain and  subdue  his  people.  Here  he  received 
news  of  a  most  startling  nature  from  another 
portion  of  the  theater  of  war  much  nearer  the 
settlements  of  the  whites.  To  the  history  of 
this  event  we  must  now  turn. 

Colonel  George  Wright,  at  this  time  in  com- 
mand at  Yancouver,  early  in  March  moved  all 
his  forces  but  three  companies  to  The  Dalles 
for  employment  in  the  Yakima  country.  About 
the  middle  of  the  month  General  Wool  arrived 
and  took  command  of  the  district.  He  imme- 
diately ordered  two  of  the  three  companies  to 
Fort  Steilacoom  on  Puget  Sound.  This  move- 
ment could  only  have  been  the  result  of  palpable 
ignorance  of  the  topography  of  the  field  he  would 
have  to  cover,  and  the  location  and  strength  of 
the  hostile  tribes.  It  left  the  most  exposed  part 
of  that  field  practically  uncovered,  and  especially 
the  pass  or  portage  of  the  Cascades,  over  which 
all  troops  and  supplies  destined  for  service  east 
of  the  mountains  must  pass.  At  a  block-house 
in  this  pass  a  company  had  been  posted,  but  on 
the  24th  of  March  this  too  was  ordered  away. 


leaving  only  a  guard  of  eight  men  under  a  ser- 
geant to  protect  this  most  important  point. 

This  place,  known  technically  as  "The  Cas- 
cades," is  where  the  Columbia  river  has  cut  its 
way  through  the  great  Cascade  range,  and  where 
occur  the  great  rapids  of  that  stream  which  de- 
stroy its  navigation  for  some  miles.  A  rough 
road  connected  the  river  Iielow  with  tlie  river 
above  these  rapids.  This  road  led  through  a 
rough,  rocky,  heavilj  timbered  pass,  dai'k  and 
dank  with  the  shadows  of  the  great  mountains 
and  the  enormous  timber,  and  rendered  wild  and 
weird  by  the  rush  and  roar  of  the  stormy  waters 
of  the  great  stream  which  foamed  angrily  by. 
At  the  upper  end  of  the  portage  was  a  sawmill, 
with  several  families  and  a  store;  a  little  lower 
down  the  trading  house  of  Bradford  &  Company. 
Near  the  middle  of  the  Portage  lived  the  family 
of  Griswold,  and  at  its  lower  end  that  of  AV.  K. 
Kilbourn.  From  this  place  a  trail  led  through 
the  eastern  spurs  of  the  Cascade  mountains  to 
the  northeast  over  the  base  of  Mount  Adams 
into  the  Yakima  country,  and  another  up  the 
river  to  the  country  of  the  Klickitats  on  the 
valley  of  that  name  north  of  The  Dalles.  On 
these  trails  this  point  was  open  to  the  incursions 
of  these  two  powerful  tribes,  and  it  was  this 
point,  thus  exposed,  that  General  Wool  aban- 
doned to'  the  chances  of  Indian  cunning  and 
enterprise.     Let  us  hasten  to  record  the  result. 

General  Wool  had  returned  to  California. 
Colonel  Wright  had  marched  his  whole  force 
out  from  the  The  Dalles,  leaving  his  rear  en- 
tirely unguarded.  The  Yakiinas  and  Klickitats, 
anticipating  such  a  movement  on  the  part  of 
Wright,  had  gathered  their  warriors  near  the 
Cascades,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  26th  of 
March  suddenly  appeared  in  force  in  the  woods 
and  on  the  rocky  pinnacles  about  the  Cascade 
settlements.  The  hour  was  early,  just  after 
the  people  had  begun  their  work,  and  when  they 
were  entirely  unprepared  to  meet  the  savage 
assault.  A  small  steamer — the  Mary — was 
lying  at  the  little  wharf  and  about  to  leave  for 
her  daily  trip  to  The  Dalles.  From  this  point 
the  story  of  the  attack  can  be  better  told  by  a 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


211 


paiticipaut  in  tlie  d-efeiice,  Mr.  L.  AV.  Coe,  ad- 
dressed to  Mr.  Putnam  F.  Bradford,  wlio,  with 
liis  brother,  D.  F.  Bradford,  was  at  that  time 
engaged  in  building  a  wooden  tramway  around 
the  rapids.  In  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bradford,  written 
hut  two  or  three  days  after  the  events  recorded, 
he  gives  this  graphic  description  of  them: 

"On  Wednesday,  March  26th,  at  about  8:30 
A.  M.,  alter  the  men  had  gone  to  their  work  on 
the  two  bridges  on  the  tramway,  the  Yakimas 
came  down  upon  ns.  There  was  a  line  of  them 
from  Mill  creek  above  us  to  the  big  pond  at  the 
head  of  the  falls,  firing  siniTiltaneously  uu  the 
men;  and  the  first  notice  we  had  of  them  was 
their  bullets  and  the  crack  of  their  guns.  Of 
onr  men  at  tlie  first  fire  one  was  killed  and  sev- 
eral wounded.  Our  men,  on  seeing  the  Indians 
all  run  for  our  store,  through  a  shower  of  bul- 
lets, except  three  who  stai'ted  down  stream  for 
the  middle  blockhouse  a  mile  and  a  half  distant. 
Bush  and  his  family  also  ran  into  onr  store, 
leaving  his  own  house  vacant.  The  AVatkins' 
family  came  to  our  store  after  a  boy  had  been 
shot  in  their  house.  There  was  grand  confusion 
in  our  store  at  first;  and  Sinclair,  of  Walla 
Walla,  going  to  the  railroad  door  to  look  out, 
was  shot  from  the  bank  above  and  instantly 
killed. 

"  Some  of  us  then  commenced  getting  the  guns 
and  rifles,  which  were  ready  loaded,  from  liehind 
the  counter.  Fortunately  about  an  hour  Ijefore 
there  had  been  left  with  us  for  transportation 
below  nine  United  States  Government  rifles 
with  cartridge  boxes  and  ammunition.  These 
saved  us.  As  the  upper  story  of  the  house  was 
abandoned.  Smith,  the  cook,  having  come  below, 
and  as  the  stairway  was  outside  where  we  dare 
not  go,  the  stove-pipe  was  hauled  down,  the 
hole  enlarged  with  axes,  and  a  party  of  men 
crawled  up,  and  the  upper  part  of  the  house 
soon  secured.  AVe  were  surprised  that  the  Indi- 
ans had  not  rushed  into  the  upper  story,  as  there 
was  nothing  nor  nobody  to  prevent  them. 

"  Our  men  soon  got  some  shots  at  the  Indians 
on  the  bank  above  us.  I  saw  Bush  shoot  an 
Indian  who  was  drawing  a  bead  on    Mrs.    Wat- 


kins  as  she  was  running  for  our  store.  He  drop- 
ped instantly.  Alexander  and  others  mounted 
into  the  gable  under  the  roof,  and  from  there 
was  done  most  of  our  firing.  In  the  meantime 
we  were  barricading  in  the  store,  making  port- 
holes and  tiring  when  opportunity  offered;  but 
the  Indians  were  soon  very  cautious  about  ex- 
posing themselves.  I  took  charge  of  the  store, 
Dan  Bradford  of  the  scond  fioor  and  Alexander 
of  the  garret  and  roof. 

"The  steamer  Mary  was  lying  at  the  mouth 
of  Mill  creek,  and  the  wind  was  blowing  strong 
down  stream.  When  we  saw  the  Indians  run- 
ning toward  her  and  heard  the  shots,  we  sup- 
posed she  would  be  taken;  and  as  she  lay  just 
out  of  our  sight,  and  we  saw  smoke  rising  from 
her,  concluded  she  was  burning,  but  what  was 
our  glad  surprise  after  a  while  to  see  her  put  out 
and  run  across  the  river? 

"  The  Indians  now  returned  in  force  to  us,  and 
we  gave  evei-y  one  a  shot  who  showed  himself. 
They  were  nearly  naked,  painted  red,  and  had 
guns  and  bows  and  arrows.  After  a  while  Finlay 
came  creeping  around  the  lower  point  of  the 
island  toward  our  house.  AVe  hallooed  to  him 
to  lie  down  behind  a  rock,  and  he  did  so.  He 
called  to  us  that  he  could  not  get  to  the  store  as 
the  bank  above  us  was  covered  with  Indians. 
He  saw  AVatkins'  house  burn  while  there.  The 
Indians  first  took  out  all  they  wanted, — blankets, 
clothes,  guns,  etc.  By  this  time  the  Indians 
had  crossed  in  canoes  to  the  island,  and  we  saw 
them  coming,  as  we  supposed,  after  Finlay.  AVe 
then  saw  AVatkins  and  Bailey  running  around 
the  river  side  toward  the  place  where  Finlay 
was,  and  the  Indians  in  full  chase  after  them. 
As  oiir  own  men  came  around  the  point  in  full 
view,  Bailey  was  shot  through  the  arm  and  leg. 
He  continued  on,  and,  plunging  into  the  river, 
swam  to  the  front  of  our  store  and  came  in 
safely,  except  for  his  wounds.  He  narrowly 
escaped  going  over  the  falls.  Finlay  also  swam 
across  and  got  in  unharmed,  which  was  wonder- 
ful, as  there  were  showers  of  bullets  all  around 
them. 


iiz 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


"Watkins  next  came  running  around  tlie  point, 
and  we  called  to  him  to  lie  down  behind  a  rock; 
hut  l)efoi-e  he  could  do  so  he  was  shot  in  the 
wrist,  the  l)ail  going  up  the  arm  and  out  above 
the  elbow.  He  dropped  behind  a  rock  just  as 
the  pursuing  Indians  catne  following  around  the 
point,  but  we  gave  them  so  hot  a  reception  from 
our  house  that  they  backed  out  and  left  poor 
Watkins  where  he  lay.  We  called  to  him  to  lie 
still  and  we  would  get  him  off;  but  we  were  not 
able  to  do  so  until  the  arrival  from  The  Dalles 
of  the  steamer  Mary  with  troops,  two  days  and 
nights  afterward.  During  this  time  Watkins 
fainted  several  times  from  weakness  and  ex- 
posure, the  weather  being  very  cold,  and  he  was 
stripped  down  to  his  underclothing  for  swim- 
ming. When  he  fainted  he  would  roll  down 
the  steep  bank  into  the  river,  and,  the  ice-cold 
water  numbing  him,  he  would  crawl  back  under 
fire  to  his  retreat  behind  the  rock.  Meantime, 
his  wife  and  children  were  in  the  store,  in  full 
view,  and  moaning  piteousiy  at  his  terrible  situ- 
ation. He  died  from  exhaustion  two  days  after 
he  was  rescued. 

"The  Indians  were  now  pitching  into  us  '  right 
smart.'  They  tried  to  burn  us  out;  threw  rocks 
and  fire-brands,  hot-irons,  pitch-wood,  every- 
thing on  to  the  roof  that  would  burn.  But  you 
will  recollect  that  for  a  short  distance  back  the 
bank  inclined  toward  the  house,  and  we  could 
see  and  shoot  the  Indians  that  appeared  there. 
So  they  had  to  throw  from  such  a  distance  that 
the  largest  rocks  and  bundles  of  fire  did  not 
quite  reach  us,  and  what  did  generally  rolled  off 
the  root".  Sometimes  the  roof  got  on  fire,  and 
we  cut  it  out,  or  with  cups  of  brine  drawn  from 
the  pork  barrels  put  it  out,  or  with  long  sticks 
shoved  off  the  fire-balls.  The  kitchen  roof 
troubled  us  much.  How  they  did  pepper  us 
with  rocks!  some  of  the  big  ones  would  shake 
the  house  all  over. 

"There  were  now  forty  men,  women  and  child- 
ren in  the  house — four  women  and  eighteen 
men  that  could  tight,  and  eighteen  wounded 
men  and  children.  The  steamer  Wasco  was  on 
tlie  Oregon  side  of  the  river.     We  saw  her  steam 


up  and  leave  for  The  Dalles:  Shortly  after  the 
steamer  Mary  also  left.  So  passed  the  day, 
during  which  the  Indians  had  burned  Inman's 
two  houses,  your  sawmill  and  houses,  and  the 
lumber  yards  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  Creek.  At 
daylight  they  set  fire  to  your  new  warehouse  on 
the  island,  making  it  light  as  day  around  us.  I 
suppose  that  they  reserved  this  building  for 
night  that  we  might  not  get  Watkins  off.  They 
did  not  attack  us  at  night,  but  the  second  7norn- 
ing  commenced  as  lively  as  ever.  We  had  no 
water,  but  did  have  about  a  dozen  of  ale  and  a 
few  bottles  of  whisky.  These  gave  out  during 
the  day.  During  the  night  a  Spokane  Indian 
who  was  traveling  with  Sinclair,  and  was  in  the 
store  with  us,  volunteered  to  get  a  pail  of  water 
from  the  river.  I  consented,  and  he  stripped 
himself  naked,  jumped  out  and  down  the  bank 
and  was  back  in  no  time.  By  this  time  we 
looked  for  the  steamer  from  The  Dalles,  and 
were  greatly  disappointed  at  her  non-arrival. 
We  weathered  it  out  during  the  day,  every 
man  keeping  his  post  and  none  relaxing  in 
vigilance.  Every  moving  object,  shadow,  or 
suspicious  bush  upon  the  hill  received  a  shot. 
The  Indians  must  have  thought  the  house  a 
bomb-shell.  To  our  ceaseless  vigilance  I  ascribe 
our  safety.  Night  came  again;  Bush's  house 
near  by  was  also  fired,  keeping  us  in  light  un- 
til four  A.  M.,  when  darkness  returning  I  sent 
the  S[>okane  Indian  for  water  from  the  river  and 
he  tilled  two  barrels.  He  went  to  and  fro  like 
lightning.  We  also  slipped  poor  James  Sin- 
clair's body  down  the  slide  outside,  as  the  corpse 
was  quite  offensive. 

"The  two  steamers  now  having  exceeded  the 
length  of  time  we  gave  them  in  which  to  re- 
turn from  The  Dalles,  we  made  up  our  minds 
for  a  long  siege  and  until  relief  came  from 
below.  We  could  not  account  for  it,  but  sup- 
posed the  JVinth  Itegiment  had  left  The  Dalles 
for  Walla  Walla,  and  had  proceeded  too  far  to 
return.  The  third  morning  dawned,  and  lo! 
the  Mary  and  Wasco,  blue  with  soldiers,  and 
tOwing  a  flat-boat  with  dragoon  horses,  hove  in 
eight.     Such  a  haUo  as  we  gave! 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


"As  the  steamer  landed  the  Indians  fired 
twenty  or  thirty  shot  into  tlieni,  but  we  could 
not  ascertain  with  any  effect.  The  soldiers 
as  they  landed  could  not  be  restrained  but 
plunged  into  the  woods  in  every  direction, 
while  the  howitzers  sent  grape  after  the  retreat- 
ing redskins.  The  soldiers  were  soon  at  our 
store,  and  we,  I  think  I  may  say,  experienced 
quite  a  feeling  of  relief  on   opening  onr   doors. 

"During  this  time  we  had  not  heard  from  be- 
low. A  company  of  dragoons  under  Colonel 
Steptoe  went  on  down.  The  block-house  of  the 
middle  ca.scades  still  held  out.  Allen's  house 
was  Inirned  and  every  other  one  below:  G. 
W.  Johnson,  S.  M.  Hamilton,  F.  A.  Cheno- 
weth,  the  wharf-boat  at  the  cascades, — all 
gone  up. 

"Xe.xt  in  order  came  the  attack  on  the  Mary. 
She  lay  in  Mill  creek,  no  fires,  and  the  wind 
hard  ashore.  Jim  Thompson,  John  Woodward 
and  Jim  Herman  were  just  going  up  to  the 
boat  from  our  store  as  they  vvere  fired  upon. 
Hamilton  asked  if  they  had  any  guns.  No. 
He  went  up  to  Inman's  house,  the  rest  staying 
to  help  the  steamer  out.  Captain  Dan  Baughman 
and  Thompson  wentasliore  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  creek,  liauling  on  lines,  when  the  firing  of 
the  Indians  became  so  hot  that  they  ran  for 
the  woods,  past  Inman's  house.  The  fireman, 
James  Lindslay,  was  sliot  through  the  shoul- 
der; Engineer  JBuckminster  shot  an  Indian 
with  his  revolver  on  the  gang-plank,  and  little 
Johnny  Chance  while  climbing  upon  the  hurri- 
cane deck  with  an  old  dragoon  pistol  killed  his 
Indian,  but  he  was  shot  through  the  leg  in 
doing  so.  Dick  Turpin,  half  crazy  probably, 
taking  the  only  gun  on  the  steamboat,  plunged 
into  a  flat-boat  lying  along  side,  was  shot,  and 
plunged  overboard  and  was  drowned.  Fire  was 
soon  started  under  the  boiler  and  steam  was 
rising.  About  this  time  Jesse  Kempton,  shot, 
while  driving  an  ox  team  from  the  sawmill, 
got  on  board ;  also  a  half  breed  named  Bourbon, 
who  was  shot  through  the  body.  After  sufii- 
cient  steam  to  move  was  raised,  Hardin  Cheno- 
weth  ran   up  into  the  pilot  house,  and,  lying  on 


the  floor,  turned  the  wheel,  as  he  was  directed, 
from  the  lower  deck.  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
the  pilot  house  was  the  target  for  the  Indians. 
After  the  steamer  was  backed  out  and  turned 
around  he  did  toot  that  whistle  at  them  good. 
Toot!  toot!!  toot!!!  It  was  music  in  our  ears. 
The  steamer  picked  up  Herman  from  the  bank 
above.  Inman's  family,  Shepperd  and  Vander- 
pool  all  got  across  the  river  in  skifl^s,  and, 
boarding  the  Mary,  went  to  The  Dalles. 

'•Colonel  George  Wright  and  the  Ninth  Eegi- 
ment.  Second  Dragoons  and  Third  Artillery 
had  started  for  Walla  Walla,  and  were  out  five 
miles  and  camped  when  the  Mary  reached  The 
Dalles.  Tliey  received  news  of  the  attack  at 
11  r.  M.,  and  by  daylight  were  back  to  The 
Dalles.  Starting  down,  the}'  only  reached  Wind 
mountain  that  night,  as  the  Mary's  boiler  was 
in  bad  condition  because  of  a  new  fireman  the 
day  before.  They  reached  us  the  next  morning 
at  six  o'clock. 

"Now  for  below.  George  Johnson  was  about 
to  get  a  boat  crew  of  Indians  when  Indian  Jack 
came  running  to  him  saying  the  Yakimas  had 
attacked  the  block-house.  He  did  not  believe  it, 
though  he  heard  the  cannon.  He  went  up  to 
the  Indian  village  on  the  sand-bar  to  get  his 
crew,  saw  some  of  the  Cascade  Indians  who 
said  they  thought  the  Yakimas  had  come,  and 
George,  now  hearing  the  muskets,  ran  for  home. 
E.  W.  Baughman  was  with  him.  Bill  .Murphy 
had  left  the  block-liouse  early  for  the  Indian 
camp  and  had  nearly  returned  before  he  saw 
the  Indians,  or  was  shot  at.  He  returned,  two 
others  with  him  and  ran  for  George  Johnson's, 
about  thirty  Indians  in  chase.  After  reaching 
Johnson's  he  continued  on  and  gave  Hamilton 
and  all  below  warning,  and  the  families  all  em- 
barked in  small  boats  for  Vancouver.  The  men 
would  have  barricaded  in  the  wharf-boat  but 
for  want  of  ammunition.  There  was  considera- 
ble Government  freight  in  the  wharf-boat.  They 
stayed  about  the  wharf-boat  and  schooner  nearly 
all  day  and  until  the  Indians  began  firing  at 
them  from  the  zinc  house  on  the  bank.  They 
then     shoved    out.      Sammy    Price    was    shot 


inSTORT    OF    WASniNGTON. 


tlirough  tlie  leg  in  fretting  the  boat  into  the 
stream.  Floating  down  they  met  the  steamer 
Belle  -with  Phil.  Sheridan  and  fifty  men,  sent  up 
on  report  of  an  express  sent  down  by  Indian 
Simpson  in  the  morning.  George  and  those 
■with  him  went  on  board  and  volunteered  to 
serve  under  Sheridan,  who  landed  at  George's 
place  and  found  everything  burned.  The 
steamer  returned  and  the  Indians  pitched  into 
Sheridan  and  fought  him  all  day  and  drove 
him  with  forty  men  and  ten  volunteers  to  be- 
low Hamilton,  notwithstanding  he  had  a  small 
cannon.    One  soldier  was  killed. 

"The  steamer  Belle  returned  the  next  day 
(third  of  the  attack)  and  brought  ammunition 
for  the  block  house.  Your  partner,  Bishop, 
who  was  in  Portland,  came  up  on  her.  Steamer 
Fashion,  with  volunteers  from  Portland,  came 
at  the  same  time.  Tiie  volunteers  remained  at 
the  Lower  Cascades.  Sheridan  took  his  com- 
mand, and  with  a  battean  loaded  with  ammu- 
nition crossed  to  Bradford's  island  on  the  Ore- 
gon side,  where  they  found  most  of  the  Cascade 
Indians,  they  having  been  ordered  by  George 
Johnson  to  go  there  on  the  first  day  of  the  at- 
tack. They  were  crossing  and  re-crossing  all 
the  time  and  Sheridan  made  them  prisoners. 
He  passed  a  boat's  crew,  and  as  they  towed  up 
to  the  head  of  the  island  and  above  saw  great 
numbers  of  Indians  on  the  Washington  Terri- 
tory side  and  opposite  them.  Sheridan  ex- 
pected them  to  cross  and  fight  him,  and  between 
them  and  the  'friendly'  (?)  Indians  in  his 
charge  thought   he  had  his  hands  full. 

"Just  then  Sheridan  discovered  Steptoe  and 
his  troops  coming  down  from  the  Mary,  sur- 
prising completely  the  Indians,  who  were  cook- 
ing beef  and  watching  Sheridan  across  the  river. 
But  on  the  sound  of  the  bugle  the  Indians  fled 
like  deer  into  the  woods  with  the  loss  of  only 
one  killed — 'old  Joanam.'  But  for  the  bugle 
they  ought  to  have  captnred  fifty. 

"The  Indians  Sheridan. took  on  the  island 
were  closely  guarded.   Old  Chenoweth — chief — 


was  brought  up  before  Colonel  Wright,  tried, 
and  sentenced  to  be  hung.  The  Cascade  In- 
dians, being  under  treaty,  were  adjudged  guilty 
of  treason  in  fighting.  Chenoweth  died  game. 
He  was  hung  on  the  upper  side  of  Mill  creek. 
I  acted  as  interpreter.  He  offered  two  horses, 
two  squaws,  and  a  little  something  to  every 
'tyee'for  his  life;  said  he  was  afraid  of  the 
grave  in  the  ground,  and  begged  to  be  put  into 
an  Indian  dead-house.  He  gave  a  terrific  war 
whoop  while  the  rope  was  being  put  about  his 
neck.  I  thought  he  expected  the  Indians  to 
come  and  rescue  hinj.  The  rope  did  not  work 
well,  and  while  hanging  he  muttered,  '  Wake 
nika  kwass  kojia  memaloose '  (1  am  uot  afraid 
to  die).  He  was  then  shot.  I  was  glad  to  see 
the  old  devil  killed,  being  satisfied  that  he  was 
at  the  bottom  of  all  trouble.  *  *  *  *  We 
do  not  know  how  many  Indians  there  were. 
They  attacked  the  block  house,  our  place,  and 
drove  Sheridan  all  at  the  same  time.  AVe  think 
there  were  not  less  than  three  hundred." 

Such  is  the  account,  somewhat  abbreviated, 
of  this,  one  of  the  most  thrilling  and  tragic 
events  in  all  the  Indian  wars  of  Washington, 
by  a  careful  observer  as  well  as  a  brave  partic- 
ipant in  it.  The  course  of  Colonel  Wright, 
who  had  command  of  the  United  States  troops 
in  the  department,  met  the  unqualified  favor  of 
the  people  of  the  Territory.  Here  "  Phil.  Sheri- 
dan," then  a  lieutenant  only,  first  appears 
prominently  on  the  page  of  history.  His  con- 
duct was  greatly  praised.  On  the  part  of  the 
Indians  there  was  not  only  cunning  and  per- 
sistency, but  intelligent  tactics  and  bravery. 
That  they  did  not  succeed  in  entirely  destroy- 
ing the  settlement  at  the  Cascade  was  due  first 
to  the  fortuitous — or  it  may  be  Providential — 
leaving  of  the  nine  United  States  rifles  with 
plenty  of  ammunition  at  the  store  only  a  few 
hours  before  the  attack  began,  and  the  Saxon 
courage  and  determination  with  which  the  de- 
fence was  made. 


,  -^tiui-^WS^i-^^f 


BISTORT    OF    WASniNOTON. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 


INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Colonel  Weight  Moves  Noeth — Finds  the  Indians  in  the  Naches — Eeinfoecements — Retckn 
TO  The  Dalles — Dangee  of  Indian  Confederacy — Stevens'  Wise  Action — Column  feom 
Puget  Sound  Ceosses  the  Cascades — Hostile  Bands  Scatteeed — Teoops  Coni'enteated  at 
Walla  Walla — Colonel  Shaw  Moves  to  Geande  Ronde  Valley — Battle  in  that  Valley — 
Majoe  Maxon — Major  Layton's  Movements  to  John  Day's — Battle  on  Burnt  River — 
Peace  Embassy  Failed — Prompt  Action  of  Colonel  Shaw — The  Nez  Peeces  Appeaeed — 
Colonel  Weight — Militaey  Post  Established — Goveenoe  Stevens  Calls  a  General  Coun- 
cil—Situation Alarming — Arrival  of  Kamiakin — Failure  of  Council — Stevens'  Addeess — 
Military  and  Civil  Officees  Disageee  —Stevens  Set  out  for  The  Dalles — Attacked  by 
THE  Indians— A  Block  House  Built — A  Temporaey  Peace. 


IN  tlip  last  chapter  our  readers  have  seen  that 
tlie  movement  of  Colonel  Wright  and  his 
->  troops  into  the  Walla  Walla  country  was 
suddenly  interrupted  by  the  attack  of  the  Yak- 
inas  and  Klickitats  on  the  Cascades.  After  he 
had  succeeded  in  relieving  that  imperiled  point, 
and  had  inflicted  a  heavy  retribution  on  the 
Indians  engaged  in  it,  he  returned  to  the  Dalles, 
and  soon  moved  northward  into  the  Yakima 
country,  the  scene  of  Major  Haller's  former 
campaign.  General  Wool  had  instructed  Colo- 
nel Wright  to  find  Kamiakin,  the  great  chief  of 
the  Yakimas,  and  hold  a  council  of  peace  witli 
him.  He  moved  north  from  The  Dalles  about 
the  first  of  May,  and  on  the  8th  met  the  Indians 
near  the  Naches  river.  Tiiey  declined  all  his 
advance  toward  negotiations.  On  the  elev- 
enth, having  ascertained  that  not  less  than 
1,000  warriors  confronted  him,  he  dispatched  a 
courier  to  the  Dalles  foi'  reinforcements.  Tiiree 
companies  responded  to  his  call.  With  these 
his  effective  force  was  onlj'  350  men.  He  re- 
mained at  this  point  for  several  weeks  vainly 
endeavoring  to  hold  a  council  with  Kamiakin. 
No  chiefs  came  near  him,  although  a  few  In- 
dians visited  him  occasionally  to  spy  upon  his 
movements.  The  Indians  at  last  moved  away 
from  the  vicinity,  and  nothing  was  left  the 
Colonel  but  a  return  to  The  Dalles,  having  ac- 
complished nothing,  and  only  leaving  the  In- 
dians more  firmly  ti.xed  in  their  liostility,  and 


the  danger  of  a  thorough  confederacy  of  all  the 
tribes  east  of  the  mountains  against  the  whites 
more  imminent. 

The  war  on  the  Sound  had  closed.  Governor 
Stevens,  who  had  but  recently  passed  through 
the  country  of  the  hostiles,  saw  the  peril,  and 
early  in  May,  while  yet  Colonel  Wright  was  in 
the  Yakima  country,  with  his  characteristic  en- 
ergy began  the  organization  of  a  force  to  pre- 
vent it.  His  plans  were  comprehensive.  Their 
main  elements  were  to  move  with  a  strong 
show  of  force  eastward  from  the  Sound  over 
the  Naches  Pass  into  tiie  Yakiiua  country  and 
northward  from  The  Dalles  into  the  same  re- 
gion, and  occupy  the  Walla  Walla  region  also 
with  a  large  column,  so  that  the  Indians  would 
be  thrown  back  from  the  settled  portions  along 
the  Columbia  river  and  Puget  Sound  to  the  in- 
terior, and  thus  fully  occupy  them  in  defeiul- 
ing  their  own  country  from  invasion.  He  could 
also  thus  be  in  readiness  for  a  winter  campaign 
if  it  was  necessary  to  undertake  it. 

Doubtless  Governor  Stevens  better  compre- 
hended the  perilous  situation  than  did  General 
Wool,  or  even  Colonel  Wright,  although  the 
latter  always  judged  intelligently  and  acted 
efiiciently  when  not  obstructed  by  the  prejudices 
and  stubbornness  of  his  superior.  Under  date 
of  June  8,  the  governor  wrote  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  War:  "All  the  information  I  have  re- 
ceived goes   to  satisfy  me  that,  unless  the  most 


2l8 


IirSTORT    OF     WASnTNOTOK. 


vigorous  action  is  at  once  taken,  all  the  tribes 
from  the  Cascades  to  the  Bitter  Root  will  be  in 
the  war,  a  portion  of  the  Nez  Perces  alone 
excepted.  *  «  »  If  the  troops  reach  the 
Walla  Walla  before  an  overt  act  lias  been 
committed,  1  am  certain  that  the  combination 
can  be  broken  up  and  that  the  Nez  Perces  and 
the  Indians  on  and  in  the  neighboi-hood  of  the 
Spokane  will  remain  friendly." 

In  pursnanceof  this  plan  the  column  from  the 
Sound,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colo- 
nel B.  F.  Shaw,  moved  eastward  over  the  Cascade 
mountains  aliout  the  middle  of  June,  arriving 
on  the  Wenass.  on  the  20th.  Here  Colonel 
Shaw  received  orders  to  push  forward  to  Walla 
Walla,  and,  uniting  his  force  with  that  moving 
eastward  from  The  Dalles,  take  command  of 
the  whole.  The  united  force  amounted  to  400 
men.  This  display  of  force  had  salutai'y  effect 
on  the  condition  of  the  interior,  as  it  induced 
the  Spokanes  to  decline  a  union  with  the 
Yakimas  and  other  hostile  tribes,  though  that 
tribe  was  strongly  urged  thereto  by  Kamiakin 
at  a  council  held  to  consider  that  question. 
Still,  though  declining  active  participation  in 
the  war,  the  Spokanes  did  aid  the  hostile  party  by 
giving  them  hospitality  and  moral  support. 
Their  neutrality  was  insincere,  if  it  was  not 
even  cowardly  and  treacherous.  At  this  period 
the  hostile  bands  were  much  scattered.  The 
son  of  Peupeumoxmox  was  at  the  head  of  a 
large  camp  at  Walla  Walla.  The  Klickitats  aiul 
Yakimas  were  in  the  vicinity  of  Priest's  Rapids 
on  the  Columbia.  Others  were  on  the  head  of 
John  Day's  river  in  Oregon  and  scattered  through 
the  Blue  mountains  and  Grande  Ronde  and 
Powder  river  valleys.  Another  large  camp  of 
renegades  from  all  the  tribes  was  north  of  Snake 
river  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Clearwater. 

The  force  that  was  concentrated  at  Walla 
Walla  was  known  as  the  "Second  Regiment 
W.  T.  Mounted  Volunteers,"  and  was  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  B.  F.  Shaw,  with  William 
Craig,  an  old  mountaineer,  who  was  living 
among   the  Nez  Perces,  as  Lieutenant   Colonel. 


He  had  organized  a  company  of  sixty  of  these 
friendly  Indians,  led  by  "Spotted  Eagle,"  to 
co-operate  with  volunteers.  G.  Blankenship 
and  H.  J.  G.  Maxon  were  majors  of  the  first 
and  second  battalions.  Of  the  six  companies  con- 
stituting this  force  four  were  from  Washington 
Territory  and  two  from  Oregon.  The  command 
went  into  camp  on  Mill  creek,  two  miles  above 
the  present  city  of  Walla  Walla,  and  a  pack 
train  of  150  mules,  loaded  with  supplies  for  the 
friendly  Nez  Perces,  was  immediately  sent  to 
them  under  the  command  of  A.  H.  Robie  as  spe- 
cial agent.  On  the  14th  of  July,  Colonel  Shaw 
himself  moved  with  a  column  of  lt)0  men,  with 
ten  days'  rations, to  attack  a  band  of  hostiles  con-' 
centrated  in  Grande  Ronde  valley.  He  entered 
the  valley  on  the  evening  of  the  16th,  having 
been  guided  through  the  Blue  mountains  by 
Captain  John,  a  Nez  Perces  chief.  The  report 
of  Colonel  Shaw  is  interesting,  but  too  circum- 
stantial and  elaborate  for  our  pages.  Its  sub- 
stance is,  that,  on  arriving  in  Grande  Ronde 
valley  he  found  the  Indians  in  force  along  the 
Grande  Ronde  river,  and  immediately  made 
dispositions  to  attack  them.  He  pushed  for- 
ward Captain  Miller's  comp'iny,  supported  by 
those  of  Maxon,  Henness,  and  Powell,  and  a  de- 
tachment of  Goff's  company  under  Lieutenant 
Waite,  with  orders  to  dislodge  the  Indians. 
This  advance  was  promptly  met  by  a  large  body 
of  Indians,  who  came  forward  whooping  and 
singing,  one  of  them  waving  a  white  man's 
scalp  on  a  pole.  A  desire  for  a  conference  hav- 
ing been  signified  by  the  Indians,  Captain  John, 
the  Xez  Perces  guide,  was  sent  forward.  When 
he  reached  the  Indians  they  cried  out  to  each 
other,  "  Shoot  him,"  whereupon  he  retreated  to 
the  command.  A  charge  was  immediately 
ordered.  The  charge  was  successful,  and  the 
Indians  were  broken  and  dispersed,  and  some  of 
them  were  killed.  The  conflict,  at  various 
points,  continued  for  some  time,  when  the 
Indians  fled  across  the  valley  toward  the  rocky 
canons  leading  toward  Powder  river.  Colonel 
Shaw  continued  the  pursuit  of  the  fl  ving  savages 


HISTORY    OF     WASIIINOrON. 


until  he  had  but  five  men  with  hiin,  leaving  his 
command  scattered  across  the  valley,  their 
horses  being  completely  exhausted. 

While  Col.  Shaw  was  engaged  in  this  conflict, 
Captain  Maxon  was  engaged  with  another  party 
on  another  portion  of  the  field.  His  contest 
was,  like  Shaw's,  soon  terminated,  and  he, 
having  become  separated  from  the  main  com- 
mand, returned  over  the  mountains  to  Walla 
AValla,  Col.  Shaw  following  on  the  21st,  as  the 
Indians  had  all  fled  from  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  troops. 

Showing  the  extensive  combination  of  the 
Indian  tribes  in  this  war,  it  may  be  stated  that 
in  this  battle  were  Indians  of  the  AValla  AValla, 
Umatilla,  John  Day,  Tygli,  Des  Chutes  and 
Snake  tribes,  led  by  some  of  their  most  re- 
nowned chiefs,  among  whom  were  Stock  Wliitey 
of  the  Dee  Chutes,  and  Tygh,  Achakiah  and  Win- 
imsnoot  of  the  Cayuse,  Tahkiason  of  Peupeu- 
moxmox,  Walla  Walla,  and  many  otliers  of 
lesser  note. 

A  small  column  of  abont  200  men  under 
■  Major  Layton  and  Captain  Goff  was  also  directed 
against  the  Indians  on  John  Day's  river.  These 
retired  before  the  troo,ps  into  the  recesses  of  the 
mountains  between  John  Day  and  Powder 
River  valleys,  and  there  awaited  the  advance.  A 
battle  was  fought  on  the  head  of  Burnt  River 
on  the  fifteenth  of  July,  and  continued  on  the 
sixteenth,  but  on  the  seventeenth  the  Indians 
disappeared,  and  the  march  of  the  columns  to- 
ward Grande  Ronde  valley  was  resumed.  From 
this  point  the  column  returned  over  the  Blue 
mountains  to  the  general  rendezvous  on.  Mill 
creek. 

When  Colonel  Shaw  reached  Mill  creek 
from  the  Grande  Ronde  expedition  he  found 
that  his  embassy  of  peace  to  the  Nez  Perces  un- 
der Special  Agent  Robie  had  failed.  The  war 
party  in  that  tribe,  even,  had  gained  the  ascend- 
ency, and  Robie  had  been  ordered  out  of  their 
country  with  his  goods.  The  complication 
was  now  more  difficult,  and  the  fears  of  Gov- 
ernor Steven=  as  to  a  universal  combination  of 
these  powerful  tribes  seemed  about  to  l.>e  rea 


ized.  But  Colonel  Shaw  acted  promptly  and 
intelligently  in  the  trying  emergency.  He  made 
his  late  expedition  to  Grande  Ronde,  and  his 
complete  victory  over  the  strong  combination 
of  his  tribes  there,  the  ground  on  which  he  could 
successfully  appeal  to  the  fears  of  Nez  Perces. 
He  immediately  sent  the  Nez  Perces  chief,  Cap- 
tain John,  to  his  countrymen  at  Lapwai,  with 
detailed  intelligence  of  that  event,  and  also  with 
this  plain  but  decisive  message:  "I  am  your 
friend.  I  have  not  come  to  fight  you,. but  the 
hostiles;  but  if  you  Ijeat  your  drums  for  war,  1 
will  parade  my  men  for  battle." 

This  message,  enforced  by  the  news  of  his 
victory  in  Grande  Ronde,  decided  the  question. 
The  peace  party  again  gained  control  of  the 
tribe  and  the  great  danger  was  averted.  It 
needed  only  that  the  JStez  Perces  should  declare 
for  war  to  make  the  combination  perfect  from 
California  to  British  Columbia,  and  to  let  loose 
five  thousand  warriors  as  a  cordon  of  consum- 
ing fire  around  all  the  white  settlements  of  all 
the  northwest.  It  was  the  battles  of  Grande 
Ronde  and  Burnt  river,  so  small  and  compara- 
tively insignificant  in  themselves,  and  fought 
hundreds  of  miles  away  from  the  center  of  the 
Nez  Perces  tribe,  thatmade  it  possible  to  secure 
even  this  doubtful  friendship  of  that  most 
powerful  of  all  the  tribes  of  the  interior. 

Colonel  Shaw  remained  in  camp  on  Mill 
creek.  Colonel  Wright  had  returned  to  The 
Dalles  from  his  bootless  Yakima  expedition. 
He  decided  now  to  carry  out  the  design  from 
which  he  had  been  drawn  by  the  attack  on  the 
Cascades  previously  related,  that  of  establishing 
a  military  post  in  the  AValla  Walla  country. 
This  duty  he  assigned  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  E. 
J.  Steptoe,  placing  under  his  command  a  battal- 
ion of  two  hundred  and  fifty  men.  In  connec- 
tion with  this  the  people  were  notified  that  the 
treaties  that  had  been  negotiated  with  the  Indi-* 
aus  were  not  yet  in  force,  as  they  had  not  bsen 
ratified  by  the  Senate,  and  conseqnently  the 
country  was  not  yet  open  for  settlement.  As 
soon  as  this  notice  was  promulgated.  Governor 
cteveus,  having  conferred  with  Colonel  Wright 


HISTOET    OF    WASHINGTON. 


as  to  his  plans,  went  np  to  the  camp  at  Walla 
Walla  to  muster  ont  the  volunteers  whose  term 
of  enlistment  expired  on  the  eighth  of  Septem- 
ber, by  which  time  it  was  expected  that  Step- 
toe's  battalion  would  arrive  to  relieve  them.  On 
his  arrival  at  the  camp  of  Colonel  Shaw  he  sent 
out  a  summons  to  all  the  tribes  inviting  them  to 
a  general  council  in  the  Walla  Walla  valley. 
Steptoe's  command  arrived  and  went  into  camp 
on  the  lifth  of  September,  and  orders  were  pro 
mulgated  to  the  volunteers  to  start  for  home  on 
the  eleventh. 

By  the  evening  of  the  teutli  the  Indians  in- 
vited to  the  council  had  all  arri\ed  and  camped 
on  the  council  ground  except  the  Yakimas  un- 
der Kamiakin.  They  were  all  hostile  except  a 
part  of  the  Nez  Perces.  The  delay  of  the  Yak- 
imas in  coming  postponed  the  departure  of  the 
volunteers  and  Governor  Stevens  for  the  issue 
of  the  council.  The  council  opened  on  the  elev- 
enth, and  continued  on  the  twelfth  and  thir- 
teenth in  the  absence  of  Kamiakin,  but  there 
was  little  progress  toward  a  settlement.  The 
condition  was  so  alarming  that  Governor  Stevens 
moved  his  camp  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Steptoe's.  Kamiakin  had  encamped  on  the 
Touchet,a  few  miles  away, and  everything  showed 
that  the  hostiles  only  awaited  his  arrival  to  at- 
tack the  camp  of  Stevens,  which  was  indiscreetly 
located  some  live  miles  distant  from  that  of 
Steptoe.  The  plans  of  the  Indians  were  discon- 
certed by  this  movement  of  the  Governor,  as 
they  expected,  on  the  arrival  of  Kamiakin,  to  at- 
tack his  camp,  which  was  guarded  by  less  then 
a  hundred  men.  When  the  camp  was  moving 
up  toward  Steptoe's  it  met  Kamiakin  and  his 
warriors  coming.  This  was  a  great  surprise  to 
the  wary  chieftain,  and  before  he  could  perfect 
his  arrangements  the  two  camps  were  united 
and  his  most  favorable  opportunity  to  strike  an 
effective  blow  was  gone. 

The  council,  which  had  been  adjourned  a  day 
or  two,  now  opened  on  the  sixteenth.  The  in- 
fluence of  Kamiakin  was  controlling  over  the 
Indians,  and  all  efforts  to  make  an  arrangement 
with  the  hostiles,  or  to  do  away  with  the  dissat- 


isfaction of  the  Nez  Perces,  being  unavailinfr, 
on  the  seventeenth  the  general  council  closed. 
The  next  day  a  separate  council  was  held  with 
the  Nez  Perces.  This,  too,  closed  without  a 
favorable  result.  At  its  close  Governor  Stevens 
made  a  short  and  plain  address  to  the  Nez 
Perces,  in  which  he  expressed  his  regrets  that  he 
had  failed  in  his  mission  and  said,  "Follow 
your  own  hearts.  If  you  wish  to  go  to  war,  go." 
The  propositions  of  the  Governor  were,  uncon- 
ditional submission  to  the  justice  and  mercy  of 
the  Government  and  surrender  of  the  mur- 
ilerers. 

The  justice  of  history  requires  that  it  be  said 
here  that  there  was  not  harmony  between  the 
civil  and  the  military  authorities.  The  inherent 
and  cultivated  jealousies  between  the  two  had 
kept  them  at  cross  purposes  all  through  the  war 
up  to  this  time.  The  chapter  of  their  disagree- 
ments reveals  much  acrimony  and  bitterness  on 
both  sides,  and,  as  a  civilian  is  sure  to  think,  a 
great  want  of  the  proper  appreciation  of  the 
condition  and  needs  of  the  country,  or  else  a 
criminal  indifference  to  them  on  the  part  of 
the  army  in  the  field.  As  the  story  of  this  disa- 
greement, beginning  with  General  Wool  and 
descending  through  rank  and  tile,  is  too  volum- 
inous for  our  pages,  and  must  be  dealt  with  cir- 
cumstantially if  at  all  we  can  only  state  it  as  a 
general  fact,  and  say  that  these  personal  jeal- 
ousies and  rivalries  did  infinite  harm  to  the 
country  in  every  way,  and  finally  greatly  pro- 
longed and  greatly  intensified  the  wars  of  the 
Territory. 

Something  of  this  appeared  in  the  afternoon 
of  the  day  in  which  Governor  Stevens  held  his 
last  council  with  the  Nez  Perces.  Colonel  Step- 
toe  informed  the  Indians  that  he  came  there, 
not  to  fight  them,  but  to  establish  a  post,  and 
trusted  that  they  would  get  along  as  friends, 
and  asked  them  to  come  and  see  him  the  next 
day  a  little  afternoon.  However,  they  declined. 
In  the  meantime,  at  eleven  o'clock.  Governor 
Stevens  raised  his  camp  and  set  out  for  The 
Dalles,  forming  his  whole  party  into  order  of 
battle  and    moving  away  from    the   presence  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  Indians  prepared  for  a  contlict.  His  pre- 
cautions were  wise,  for  lie  had  not  reached  three 
miles  from  the  camp  before  the  Indians  attacked 
him.  He  moved  on  in  close  order  a  mile  or 
more  to  water,  where  he  took  position  in  a  low 
open  basin,  formed  a  barricade  of  his  corral  and 
proceeded  to  defend  himself.  The  fight  was 
protracted  far  into  the  night,  with  many  inci- 
dents of  daring  on  the  part  of  the  Indians  as 
well  as  much  courage  on  that  of  the  volunteers. 
Stevens  sent  a  courier  to  Steptoe  notifying 
him  of  the  state  of  affairs.  Steptoe  replied  that 
the  Indians  had  burned  up  the  grass  around  his 
camp,  and  requested  the  return  of  the  volun- 
teers so  that  he  might  have  the  use  of  their 
wagons  for  the  transportation  of  his  camp  ma- 
terial to  the  Umatilla,  where  he  could  find  suste- 
nance for  his  animals.  On  the  reuniting  of  the 
volunteers  and  regulars  the  next  day,  it  was  re- 
solved, at  Stevens'  urgent  advice,  to  build  a  block 
house  where  they  were,  leave  all  the  supplies 
with  one  company  to  defend  them,  and  Colonel 
Steptoe  to  march  to  The  Dalles,  procure  rein- 
forcements and  additional  supplies,  and  return 
prepared  for  a  vigorous  winter  campaign  for  the 


subjugation  of  the  Indians.  In  ten  days  the 
block  house  was  completed,  and  on  the  23d  of 
September  the  column  took  up  its  march,  reach- 
ing the  The  Dalles  on  the  2d  of  October. 

So  far  as  fighting  was  concerned,  this  was 
practically  the  end  of  the  war  at  this  time.  Early 
in  JSTovember  Colonel  Wright  marched  into  the 
Walla  Walla  valley  at  the  head  of  the  regular 
troops,  where  he  held  a  council  with  the  tribes 
and  agreed  on  terms  of  peace.  The  terms  were: 
immnnity  to  the  Indians  for  past  misconduct; 
treaties  not  to  be  enforceil  until  ratified  by  the 
Senate;  and  no  white  men  to  be  permitted  to 
settle  in  the  country  without  the  consent  of  the 
Indians.  This  agreement  may  be  considered  as 
ending  the  war,  or,  to  speak  more  accurately, 
temporarily  composing  the  troubleand  relieving 
the  Indians  from  the  contemplated  winter  cam- 
paign, and  giving  them  time  for  recuperation 
and  preparation  for  further  conflicts.  It  was 
simply  an  armed  truce,  purchased  at  great  price 
by  the  army,  and  sure  to  be  broken  at  an  early 
day  by  one  or  the  other,  if  not  by  both,  of  the 
belligerent  parties. 


id:- ^ 


IIISTURT    OF    WASJIINGTON. 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 


INDIAN  WARS,  CONCLUDED. 


IiNDiANS  IN  A  Hostile  Fkamk — Steptoe's  E.xpedition — Ti.motiiy — In  the  Pkesence  of  the  Hos- 
TiLES — Battle  of  Steptoe's  Butte — Whites  Defeated—  Rkteeat — Geneeal  Indian  Com- 
bination— General  Clarke's  (Jourse — Colonel  AVright — Treaty  with  the  Nez  Peroes — 
Wright's  Advance  Northward — Battle  of  "  Four  Lakes  " — Battle  of  "  Spokane  Plains" 
— March  to  Spokane  River — Geary  Visits  Wright's  Camp — Indian  Horses  Taken  and  Shot 
— CoEUR  d' Alene  Cou&cil — Spokane  Council — Kamiakin — Owhi — Qualchien  Arrested 
AND  Hung — Owhi  Shot — Close  of  the  War. 


[  1\ITH  the  .close  of  1856  there  was  at  least 


¥/ 


at  semblance  of  peace  with  the  Indians 
all  over  the  Territory.  The  volunteers 
had  been  disbanded,  but  the  regular  forces  had 
been  greatly  increased,  and  were  stationed  at 
various  points  over  the  Columbia,  on  Puget 
Sound  and  in  the  Walla  Walla  country. 

The  Indians,  however,  were  still  in  a  hostile 
frame,  and  all  through  1857  the  spirit  of  war 
was  in  the  air.  A  general  risinir  of  the  tribes 
was  greatly  feared  in  the  spring  of  that  year, 
but  did  not  occur.  Ijut  it  was  sure  to  come,  and 
but   little   provocation  was  rei^uired  to  bring  it. 

Early  in  April  Colonel  Steptoe,  who  was  in 
command  at  Walla  Walla,  informed  General 
Clarke,  commanding  the  department,  that  an  ex- 
pedition to  the  north  of  Snake  river  i^eenied  to 
be  required,  as  the  Indians  in  the  Colville  re- 
gion were  hostile.  Two  white  men  on  their  way 
to  the  Colville  mines  had  been  murdered  by  the 
Palouses,  who  had  also  made  a  foray  into  the 
Walla  Walla  country  and  even  driven  off  the 
cattle  belonging  to  the  fort.  The  Palouses  were 
not  a  strong  tribe,  and  Steptoe  did  not  deem  a 
large  force  necessary,  but  believed  they  should 
be  chastened  to  prevent  future  and  perhaps 
greater  trouble.  On  the  6th  of  May  Steptoe 
left  Walla  Walla  with  180  dragoons,  and,  in  a 
leisurely  way,  proceeded  U])  the  jVez  Perces  trail 
toward  Snake  river,  which  they  reached  at  the 
month  of  the  Alpowa,  where  resided  the  Nez 
Perce  chief  Timothy.  Timothy  ferried  the  little 
army  over  the  river,  and  with  a  lund  of  his  men 


accompanied  it  northward  to\vard  the  Spokane 
country  as  its  guide. 

This  Indian,  en  passant,  is  worthy  of  a  brief 
notice.  He  was  a  large  man,  with  a  square, 
open,  benignant  countenance,  who  had  never 
faltered  in  his  friendship  to  the  whites.  Under 
the  missionary  labors  of  Mr.  Spaulding  at 
Lapwai,  not  far  away  from  Timothy's  home,  he 
liad  embraced  the  Christian  faith,  atid  was  the 
iirst  Indian  fo  be  propounded  for  membership 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church  under  Mr.  Spauld- 
ing's  labors.  He  was  a  sincere,  honest,  unaffected 
man,  securing  the  confidence  of  all  who  knew 
him,  and  living  a  sober,  industrious  and  Chris- 
tian life.  In  later  years  the  writer  knew  him 
well,  and  has  often  sat  with  him  on  the  ground 
under  the  shade  of  one  of  the  great  apple  trees 
on  the  Alpowa  creek,  whose  seed  was  planted  by 
Mr.  Spaulding  in  1837,  near  the  tepee  of  the 
then  youthful  Timothy,  and  conversed  with  him 
of  the  men  and  the  times  of  which  he  now  writes. 
Not  more  than  a  decade  ago  his  white  soul  passed 
into  the  eternity  of  the  good. 

On  the  morning  of  the  16th  of  May,  having 
crossed  Snake  river  and  passed  on  toward  the 
Spokane,  Steptoe  suddenly  found  himself  con- 
fronted by  a  force  of  not  far  from  a  thousand 
Indian  warriors  in  their  war  paint  determined 
to  dispute  his  advance  further  northward.  They 
were  Ealouses,  Spokanes,  Coeur  d'  Alenes,  Yaki- 
mas,  and  warriors  of  the  smaller  related  tribes. 
They  had  taken  position  near  a  ravine  through 
which  the  road  passed  and  where  they  could  assail 


niSTORT    OF     WASIIlNOroN. 


the  troops  t'roni  the  front  and  flanks,  wliile  thej 
themselves  would  be  sheltered  by  the  trees  and 
brush  and  rocks  from  the  sight  of  the  soldiers. 
Seeing  the  daiiirer  Steptoe  halted  his  troops  and 
held  a  parley  with  the  Spokanes,  but  the  Indians 
declared  their  intention  to  flght,  declaring  that 
they  would  not  permit  the  soldiers  to  cross 
Spokane  river.  Assured  now  that  he  would  be 
compelled  to  fight  Steptoe  turned  aside  to  avoid 
the  ravine,  and  in  about  a  mile  encamped  near  a 
small  lake.  The  Indians  had  closely  followed 
the  troops  all  the  way,  taunting  them  with  in- 
sulting words  and  gestures,  but  no  shots  were 
fired,  each  party  being  anxious  that  the  otlier 
should  be  tlie  aggressor.  The  dragoons  did  not 
dare  to  dismount  even  after  they  had  reached 
the  place  for  encampment.  They  had  only  their 
small  arms,  and  were  not  at  all  prepared  to  tight 
the  Indians. 

In  the  evening  a  number  of  the  Indian  chiefs 
rode  up  to  the  camp  to  hold  a  parley  with  Step- 
toe, and  ascertain  the  cause  of  the  invasion  of 
their  country  by  the  soldiers.  They  professed 
to  be  satisfied  with  his  explanations,  but  still 
maintained  an  unyielding  determination  that  he 
should  not  advance  into  the  Spokane  country. 
Seeing  their  determination,  and  feeling  his  own 
weakness,  Steptoe  resolved  to  retreat,  and  on  the 
morning  of  the  18th  began  his  return  toward 
the  Palonse.  About  the  time  the  column  started 
Father  Joset,  of  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  mission, 
with  Vincent,  a  Coeur  d'  Alene  chief,  rode  up  to 
Steptoe,  and  as  they  rode  along  held  a  conference 
with  him.  The  Indians  were  following  and 
flaidving  the  little  force.  In  the  midst  of  the 
interview  the  chief  was  called  away,  and  firing 
was  immediately  begun  by  the  Palouses,  and, 
in  a  shoi't  time,  by  the  whole  Indian  force.  The 
small  column  was  moving  in  close  order,  the 
pack  train  in  the  center,  guarded  by  a  dragoon 
company,  with  a  company  in  front  and  rear.  As 
it  crossed  a  small  creek  a  movement  was  made 
by  Lieutenant  Greig  with  one  company  to  occupy 
a  hill  which  the  Indians  were  attempting  to  gain 
to  get  at  the  head  of  the  advance.  The  soldiers 
reached  it  first,  when  the  Indians  at  once  moved 


for  one  that  commanded  it.  Greig  divided  his 
little  force  in  order  to  drive  them  from  the  new 
position. 

By  this  time  all  were  engaged, — not  far  from 
1,000  Indians  against  less  than  150  whites.  The 
Indians  circled  the  little  force  with  fire.  Charge 
after  charge  was  made  to  break  the  array  of  yell- 
ing savages  that  was  about  them.  In  one  charge, 
where  the  company  of  Captain  Greig  and  that  of 
Lieutenant  Gaston  met  in  a  triangle  among  the 
swarming  warriors,  Zachary,  brother-in-law  of 
Vincent,  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  chief,  and  Victor, 
an  influential  chief,  also  a  Coeur  d'  Alene,  and 
some  twelve  of  their  warriors,  were  slain.  The 
rage  of  the  Coeur  d'  Alenes  at  this  loss  was  terri- 
ble, and  they  had  soon  revenged  themselves. 
The  troops  kept  moving  forward  under  a  raking 
fire.  To  stop  was  to  be  surrounded  at  once,  and  to 
bs3  surrounded  was  destruction  to  all  in  the  com- 
mand. They  were  in  an  open  country  of  high 
hills  and  quite  a  distance  from  water.  About 
11  o'clock  Captain  Oliver,  H.  P.  Taylor  and 
Lieutenant  William  Gaston,  both  of  the  first 
dragoons,  were  killed,  together  with  a  number  of 
the  men.  The  remainder  were  gathered"  on  a 
rising  ground,  while  every  hill  around  swarmed 
with  exulting  foes.  It  was  apparent  that  the 
march  to  water  could  not  be  made  by  daylight, 
and  nothing  remained  but  to  defend  themselves 
as  best  they  could  where  they  were  and  wait  for 
the  night.  They  lay  on  the  summit  of  a  hill,  on 
a  small  plain,  and  orders  were  given  to  picket 
their  horses,  saddled  and  bridled,  and  the  men 
were  directed  to  lie  flat  on  the  ground  and  pre- 
vent the  Indians  taking  the  hill  by  cliarges. 
They  were  successful,  but  toward  evening,  as 
their  ammunition  began  to  give  out,  and  the  men 
were  suffering  so  greatly  for  the  want  of  water 
and  from  fatigue,  that  it  was  with  difiiculty  the 
three  remaining  officers  could  inspire  them  even 
to  defend  themselves.  Six  of  their  comrades 
were  dead  and  eleven  others  were  wounded. 
Many  of  the  men  were  recruits,  now  first  under 
fire,  and  it  was  not  wonderful  that  their  courage 
had  failed  them  in  such  ,an  hour.  So  night 
came  on. 


HIHTORT    OF     WASUINOTON. 


Nothing  remained  now  but  flight.  The  bodies 
of  the  fallen  whicli  could  be  reached  were  buried, 
and  taking  the  best  horses  and  a  small  supply  of 
provisions;  and,  guided  by  Timothy  along  a  dif- 
ficult way  that  the  Indians  had  left  unguarded, 
the  soldiers  crept  silently  away  about  10  o'clock 
and  hastened  toward  Snake  river,  which  they 
reached  on  the  morning  of  the  19th.  Tliey  suc- 
ceeded in  crossing  to  its  southern  shore  without 
the  loss  of  another  man.  The  Indians,  apparently 
satisfied  with  their  victory,  and  probably  engaged 
in  their  distributing  the  plunder  left  on  the 
battlefield  by  the  defeated  troops,  did  not  follow 
them.  From  Snake  river  Steptoe  returned  to 
Walla  Walla. 

This  battle  occurred  on  what  is  known  as 
"  Steptoe  Butte,'"  called  by  the  Indians  Tehoto- 
miinme — about  seven  miles  from  the  present 
town  of  Colfax,  a  bald  eminence  that  overlooks  a 
vast  extent  of  the  "  Palouse  country,"  and  one  of 
the  finest  regions  of  the  State  of  Washington. 

There  could  be  but  one  result  of  this  victory 
of  the  Indians.  A  league  of  all  the  most  power- 
ful tribes  of  the  interior,  namely,  the  Spokanes, 
the  Qoeurd'  Alenes,  the  Palouses,  the  Yakimas, 
with  a  portion  of  the  Nez  Perces,  was  formed  at 
once,  and  a  general  outbreak  took  place.  The 
Indians  became  everywhere  bold  and  defiant. 
Small  parties  of  whites  were  cut  off  in  every 
part  of  the  country,  and  the  Indians  even 
threatened  Fort  Walla  Walla  itself.  It  must 
now  be  war  indeed. 

General  Clarke  took  immediate  steps  to  meet 
the  emergency.  Troops  were  withdrawn  from 
Fort  Yuma  on  the  Colorado,  Fort  Joius,  Fort 
Umpqua,  and  even  from  San  Diego  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Mexico,  and  ordered  to  concentrate  on 
the  Columbia.  An  expedition  was  resolved 
upon  that  should  not  repeat  the  blunders  of  that 
of  Steptoe.  The  command  of  the  expedition  was 
committed  to  Colonel  Wright,  an  oflicer  every 
way  qualified  to  direct  it.  By  the  1st  of  Au- 
gust all  the  preliminary  movements  were  com- 
pleted, and  the  troops  destined  to  participate  in 
the  campaign  were  united  at  Fort  Walla  Walla. 
At  the  same    time   that  Colonel  Wright  was  to 


conduct  the  campaign  from  Walla  Walla  into 
the  Spokane  country.  Major  Garnett  was  to  lead 
one  of  300  men  into  the  Yakima  country  to 
establish  a  post  and  act  in  co-operation  with  the 
movement  of  Colonel  Wright. 

Before  leaving  Walla  Walla  Colonel  Wright 
called  a  council  of  the  Nez  Perces,  and  conchided 
with  them  a  treaty  of  friendship,  binding  them 
to  assist  the  United  States  in  wars  with  any 
other  tribes,  and  binding  the  United  States  to 
assist  them  in  like  cases  at  the  cost  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  also  pledging  the  United  States  to 
furnish  their  arms  whenever  their  services  were 
required.  Though  this  treaty  was  signed  by 
only  a  part,  and  not  the  most  influential,  of  the 
Nez  Perce  chiefs,  yet  it  had  a  gooa  effect  in 
detaching  the  greater  part  of  that  powerful  tribe 
from  the  hostile  coalition,  and  securing  a  com- 
pany of  thirty,  Nez  Perce  volunteers  during  the 
campaign.  These  were  dressed  in  United  States 
uniform,  and  placed  under  the  command  of 
Lieutenant  John  MuUaii  to  act  as  guides  and 
scouts. 

On  the  7th  of  August  Captain  Keyes,  with 
the  Third  Artillery,  led  the  advance  from 
Walla  Walla  toward  Snake  River,  which  was 
reached  on  the  11th  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tucan- 
non.  Here  a  fort  was  built  and  called  Fort 
Taylor,  in  honor  of  Captain  Taylor,  who  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  "Steptoe's  Butte." 

On  the  18th  Colonel  Wright  arrived,  and  on 
the  25th  the  crossing  of  Snake  river  was  begun, 
and  was  completed  on  the  morning  of  the  26th. 
The  march  of  the  column  northward  was  over 
an  open  and  lather  desolate  country, — at  this 
season  of  the  year  quite  difficult  to  traverse  on 
account  of  the  scarcity  of  water.  On  the  29th, 
however,  the  troops  entered  the  scattering  pine 
forests  that  stray  down  into  the  plains  from  the 
western  and  southern  slopes  of  the  Coeur  d' 
Alene  mountains.  On  the  evening  of  the  30th, 
after  a  long  day's  march,  just  as  camp  was 
formed,  the  Nez  Perce  scouts  brought  intelligence 
of  the  approach  of  a  large  body  of  Spokanes, 
evidently  a  recunnoissance  from  some  larger 
force  in  the  neighborhood.     The  dragoons  were 


U I  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


sent  forward,  but -the  Indians  retreated  before 
them.  The  troops  had  not  marched  far  on  the 
Slst  before  parties  of  hostile  Indians  appeared 
on  the  surrounding  hills,  but,  though  some 
shots  were  fired,  no  serious  attack  was  made. 
According  to  Indian  tactics  these  small  parties 
were  decoys,  designed  to  lead  the  troops  on  to 
where  the  main  party  had  chosen  their  ground 
aliead  in  a  strong  position  for  attack.  Just 
before  reaching  camp  for  the  night,  the  Indians 
rode  up  near  the  column  and  made  a  rather 
spirited  attack  on  the  rear  guard.  The  troops 
met  the  attack  skillfully,  and  the  Indians  re- 
treated. 

The  ne.xt  day,  September  1st,  occurred  what 
is  known  as  the  "Battle  of  the  Four  Lakes." 
Colonel  Wright  had  designed  resting  his  com- 
mand here  for  a  few  days,  and  had  encamped 
accordingly.  It  was  a  beautiful  spot,  delight- 
fully inviting  to  repose.  The  "Four  Lakes," 
one  of  which  is  the  famed  "Medical  Lake,"  are 
beautiful  bodies  of  water  of  from  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  to  a  mile  in  diameter,  embosomed  in  the 
hills,  whose  sides  and  summits  are  sprinkled 
with  pines,  beyond  which  to  the  west  stretch- 
es away  an  unlimited  sweep  of  grassy  prairies. 
The  Indians,  however,  had  been  awaiting  him 
here,  and  did  not  feel  disposed  to  delay  their 
warlike  welcome.  The  morning  found  their 
numbers  multiplied.  Their  manner  was  defiant 
and  insolent;  and  no  one  knows  better  how  to 
be  insolent  and  insulting  in  look  and  word  and 
action  than  an  Indian.  So,  at  eight  o'clock, 
Colonel  Wright  issued  orders  to  have  the  artil- 
lery battalion  in  readiness,  as  it  might  be  called 
out  at  a  moment's  notice.  Shortly  afterward  the 
whole  force  was  called  into  position,  and  order- 
ed to  drive  the  enemy  fronj  the  hills.  This  was 
soon  done,  and  the  Indians  concentrated  on  the 
open  plain  below  and  to  the  westward,  prepared 
to  receive*  the  attack  of  the  soldiers  in  tlieir 
own  way  of  rude  warfare.  A  pai-ticipant  in 
the  battle,  Lieutenant  Kip,  tluis  describes  the 
scene: 

'•On  tlie  plain  below  us  we  saw  the  enemy. 
Es'ery  spot  seemed   alive    with    the    wild   war- 


riors we  had  come  so  far  to  meet.  They  were 
in  the  pines  on  the  edge  of  the  lakes,  in  the 
ravines  and  gullies,  on  the  opposite  hillsides, 
and  swarming  over  the  plain.  They  seemed 
to  cover  the  country  for  some  two  miles. 
Mounted  on  their  fleet,  hardy  horses,  the  crowd 
swayed  back  and  forth  brandishing  their  weap- 
ons, shouting  their  war  cries,  and  keeping  up  a 
song  of  defiance.  Most  of  them  were  armed 
with  Hudson  Bay  muskets,  while  others  had 
bows  and  arrows  and  long  lances.  They  were 
in  all  the  bravery  of  tlieir  war  array,  gaudily 
painted  and  decorated  with  their  wild  trappings. 
Their  plumes  fluttered  above  them,  while  be- 
low skins  and  trinkets  and  all  kinds  of  fan- 
tastic embellishments  flaunted  in  the  sunshine. 
Their  horses,  too,  were  arrayed  in  the  most  glar- 
ing finery.  Some  were  even  painted,  and  with 
colors'to  form  the  greatest  contrast,  the  white 
being  smeared  with  crimson  in  fantastic  figures, 
and  the  dark-colored  streaked  with  white  clay. 
Beads  and  fringes  of  gaudy  colors  were  lianginof 
from  their  bridles,  while  the  plumes  of  eagle's 
feathers,  interwoven  with  the  mane  and  tail, 
fluttered  as  the  breeze  swept  over  them,  and 
completed  their  wild  and  fantastic  appearance. 

"  By  Heavens  !  it  was  a  glorious  siglit  to  see 
Ttie  gay  avray  of  their  wild  chivalry." 

As  ordered,  the  troops  moved  down  the  hill 
toward  the  plain.  As  the  line  of  advance 
came  within  range  of  the  minie  rifles,  now 
for  the  first  time  used  in  Indian  warfare,  the 
firing  began.  The  fire  grew  heavier  as  the  line 
drew  nearer,  and,  astonished  at  the  range  and 
efFtctiveness  of  the  fire,  the  entire  array  of 
dusky  warriors  broke  and  fled  toward  the  plain. 
The  dragoons  were  now  ordered  to  charge  and 
rode  through  the  company  intervals  to  the  front, 
and  then  dashed  down  upon  the  foe  with  head- 
long speed.  Taylor's  and  Gaston's  companies 
were  tliere,  and  soon  they  reaped  a  red  revenge 
for  their  slain  heroes.  The  flying  warriors 
streamed  out  of  the  glens  and  ravines  and  over 
the  open  plain  until  they  could  find  a  refuge 
I'roin  the  flashing  sabers  of  the  dragoons.  When 


HISTORY    OF     WASIIINOrON. 


they  had  found  the  refuge  of  the  wooded  hills 
the  line  of  foot  once  more  passed  the  dragoons 
and  renewed  their  fire,  driving  tlie  Indians  over 
the  hills  for  about  two  miles,  where  a  halt  was 
ordered  as  the  troops  were  nearly  exhausted. 
The  Indians  had  almost  all  disappeared,  a  single 
group  only  Eemaining  apparently  to  watch  the 
whites.  A  shell  fired  from  a  howitzer  bursting 
over  their  heads  sent  them  also  to  the  refuge  of 
the  ravines.  Thus  the  battle  ended.  The  In- 
dian loss  was  considerable,  probably  not  less 
than  fifty  or  si.xty  killed  and  wounded,  while, 
strange  to  say,  not  a  soldier  was  injured.  This 
was  owing  to  the  use,  now  for  the  first  time,  of 
the  long-range  rifle  by  the  soldiers.  The  Indians 
were  panic-struck  at  the  efl'ect  of  their  tire  at 
such  great  distances.  Among  the  Indians  killed 
were  a  brother  and  brother-in-law  of  Gearry, 
the  head  chief  of  the  Spokanes. 

For  three  days  Wright  rested  his  troops  in 
camp  near  the  field  of  battle.  On  the  5th  of 
September  the  column  resumed  its  march  to- 
ward the  Spokanes,  and  in  five  miles  he  came 
again  upon  the  Indians,  collected  in  large  num- 
bers on  the  plain,  as  if  meditating  an  attack. 
They  rode  along  parallel  to  the  troops  for  some 
distance,  all  the  while  increasing  in  number 
and  in  boldness.  As  the  column  advanced  the 
Indians  set  fire  to  the  grass  which  burned  with 
great  fierceness,  the  wind  blowing  it  toward 
the  troops.  Under  cover  of  the  smoke  the  In- 
dians spread  themselves  out  like  a  fan  before 
and  on  either  side  of  the  troops.  The  pack 
train  was  closed  up  under  guard  of  Captain 
Dent's  company  of  rifles,  the  Third  Artillery 
under  Lieutenants  Ihris  and  Howard  and  David- 
son's company  of  dragoons,  while  the  rest  of 
the  command  prepared  to  repulse  the  enemy. 
Four  companies  of  the  Third  Artillery  were  at 
once  deployed  on  the  right  and  left.  The 
men,  flushed  with  the  results  of  the  last  battle, 
dashed  through  the  flames,  charged  and  drove 
the  enemy  before  them.  A  chief,  who  had  up- 
on the  saddle  of  his  horse  the  pistol  used  by 
Lieutenant  Gaston  in  the  Steptue  Butte  figlit, 
was  killed.     At  length  the  Indians  were  driven 


into  the  plain,  where  the  dragoons  under  Lieu- 
tenant Pender  and  Major  Grier  charged  and 
swept  the  field.  The  fiying  stragglers  gathered 
in  groups  in  the  surrounded  forests,  but  these 
were  easily  dispersed,  and  the  troops  moved 
forward,  with  flankers  thrown  out,  toward  the 
Spokane  river,  where  the  troops  encamped, 
having  marched  during  the  day  twenty-fiv( 
miles,  the  last  fourteen  miles  tighting  all  the 
way. 

Five  hundred  Indians  were  engaged  in  this 
battle,  called  the  Battle  of  Spokane  Plains. 
Quite  a  number  of  Indians  were  killed,  and 
Kamiakin,  the  great  war  chief  of  the  Yakimas, 
was  wounded.  On  the  6th  the  forces  remained 
in  camp  on  the  Spokane,  but  on  the  7th  moved 
up  the  river  a  few  miles,  and  camped  just  above 
Spokane  Falls.  Soon  after  the  forces  had  camp- 
ed Gearry  crossed  the  river  and  came  into 
the  camp  to  have  a  talk  with  Colonel  Wright. 
He  professed  to  be  opposed  to  the  war,  but  claim- 
ed that  he  could  not  control  his  men.  This 
was  probably  true,  but  Colonel  Wright  adminis- 
tered a  very  plain  talk  to  him,  and  told  him  to 
communicate  to  all  the  Indians  he  should  fall 
in  with  what  he  had  said.  He  also  ordered  him 
to  send  a  messenger  at  once  to  Moses  and 
Big  Star,  other  Spokane  chiefs,  to  bring  in  their 
people,  and  to  return  to-morrow  with  his  own 
people  at  an  hour  after  sunrise.  If  they  and 
their  people  were  tired  of  war  and  wanted  peace 
he  would  give  them  peace,  if  they  would  bring 
everything  they  had, — arms,  women  and  children, 
— and  lay  them  at  his  feet.  On  the  same  day 
Palatkin,  a  noted  Spokane  chief,  who  had  been 
in  the  fight  against  Steptoe,  and  also  in  those  of 
the  first  and  fifth,  came  into  the  camp.  To  him 
Wright  repeated  what  he  had  said  to  Gearry, 
and,  as  he  was  known  to  have  been  a  leader  in 
the  recent  battles,  he  was  detained  as  a  hostage, 
while  he  sent  a  warrior  to  bring  in  his  people. 

On  the  8th  the  march  was  resumed.  In  about 
nine  miles  the  Indians  were  overtaken,  driving 
all  their  horses  into  the  mountains,  instead  of 
surrendering  them  as  they  had  promised.  These 
were  all  captured  by  the  troops,  and    on    the 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


following  day,  after  selecting  130  of  them  for 
the  service  of  the  troops,  the  rest  were  shot. 
They  beloTiged  to  Tilkohitz,  a  Palouse  chief  aud 
a  notorious  freebooter,  and  it  was  not  only  an 
act  of  just  retribution  to  him,  but  one  fully  de- 
served by  all  the  tribes  to  thus  deprive  them  of 
the  means  of  making  war  upon  the  whites. 

These  battles,  with  the  destruction  of  their 
horses,  and  the  hanging  of  several  Indians  who 
had  been  engaged  in  the  murders  of  the  whites 
throughout  the  country,  completely  broke  the 
spirit  of  the  Indians.  Colonel  Wriglit  appointed 
a  council  to  be  held  at  the  Cceur  d'  Alene  mis- 
sion on  the  17th.  Vincent,  who  had  not  been 
in  the  recent  battles,  made  the  tour  of  his  people 
and  urged  them  to  come  in,  but  at  lirst  most 
refused,  being  terrified  at  what  they  had  heard 
of  the  severity  of  Colonel  Wright.  But  Wright 
released  Palatkin,  which  act  of  clemency  allayed 
the  fears  of  the  Indians,  and  by  the  time  ap- 
pointed for  the  council  the  Coeur  d'  Alenes  and 
Spokanes  were  prepared  to  enter  into  a  treaty  of 
entire  submission  to  the  whites.  The  details  of 
the  council  it  is  not  necessary  to  give. 

A  council  with  the  Spokanes  was  appointed 
for  the  23d  of  September.  To  this  Kamiakiu 
was  specially  invited,  bat  being  fearful  that 
Colonel  Wright  would  take  him  to  Walla  Walla 
if  he  did,  he  remained  away,  as  did  also  Tilko- 
hitz,  one  of  the  most  relentless  of  the  enemies 
of  the  whites. 

Karaiakin  was  for  years  the  ablest  and  most 
iutlucutial  chieftain  among  all  these  tribes.  He 
wa.s  head  chief  of  the  Yakimas,  his  mother  hav- 
ing been  a  Yakima  and  his  father  a  Palonse. 
He  was  talented,  and  seemed  to  oceup}'  the  place 
with  these  tribes  that  Tecumseh  did  witli  the 
tribes  of  Ohio  and  the  Northwest.  He  strongly 
opposed  the  cession  of  the  lands  of  the  Indians 
at  the  council  of  Walla  Walla,  and  Governor 
Stevens  was  unable  to  move  him  from  his  gloomy 
opposition.  He  was  the  leader  in  the  outbreak 
that  took  place  soon  after,  when  Haller's  force 
was  defeated,  and  was  without  doubt  the  load- 
ing spirit  in  the  combination  of  the  present 
season.      It  was  not  strange,  therefore,   that  he 


was  afraid  to  put  himself  in  tiie  power  of  the 
whites.  Soon  after  this  time  Kamiakin  went  to 
British  Columbia, where  he  remained  some  yei  rs 
but  about  ten  years  later  he  returned  to  the 
Palouse  country  and  settled  on  the  Palouse  river, 
a  few  miles  below  Colfax,  where  he  died  poor 
and  friendless  about  1880.  Owhi  and  Qualchien 
were  now  the  only  chiefs  of  importance  left 
among  the  Yakimas.  Owhi  was  brother-in-law 
of  Kamiakin,  and  Qualchien  was  Owhi's  son, 
and  also  son-in-law  of  Palatkin,  the  Spokane 
chief.  With  Kamiakin,  Owhi  and  Qualchien 
still  at  large,  and  maintaining  their  old  antago- 
nism to  the  whites,  there  could  be  little  hope  of 
permanent  peace,  and  Colonel  Wright  was  con- 
cerned at  their  attitude.  But  on  the  evening  of 
the  23d  Owhi  came  into  camp.  Colonel  Wright 
met  him  sternly.  While  he  was  conversing  with 
the  chieftain  he  ordered  a  file  of  soldiers,  with 
iron  shackles,  to  be  brought.  He  then  directed 
the  interpreter  to  inquire  of  Owhi  the  where, 
abouts  of  Qualchien.  Owhi  replied  that  he  was 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Spokane.  "Tell  Owhi," 
said  the  Colonel,  "  that  1  will  send  a  message  to 
Qualchien.  Tell  him  that  he  too  shall  send  a 
message,  and  if  Qualchien  does  not  join  me  be- 
fore I  cross  Snake  river,  in  four  days,  I  will 
hang  Owhi." 

When  this  message  was  delivered  to  Owhi  he 
sank  to  the  ground  and  seemed  to  lose  all  con- 
trol over  himself.  He  took  out  a  book  of  prayers 
and  in  much  confusion  turned  over  its  leaves  for 
a  moment,  and  then  liuided  it  to  the  priest. 
Father  Joset,  who  was  standing  by  him.  He* 
was  then  taken  off  by  the  guard  and  put  in  irons. 

The  following  day  about  noon,  very  un- 
expectedly, two  Indian  braves  and  a  fine-looking 
squaw  came  trotting  out  of  a  canon  near  the 
camp,  and,  with  the  utmost  boldness,  rode 
directly  up  to  Colonel  Wright's  tent.  They 
were  gaily  dressed  and  had  a  most  dashing  air. 
The  two  braves  carried  rifles,  and  one  had  an 
ornamented  tomahawk.  When  the  Colonel  came 
out  of  the  tent,  to  his  surprise  he  recognized,  in 
the  leader  of  the  party,  Qualchien.  For  a  few 
moments     Qualchien    stood     talking    with    the 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


Colonel,  with  his  rifle  standing  hy  his  side.  His 
bearing  was  defiant,  and  those  who  were  stand- 
ing near  thought  that  he  meditated  murder  even 
there.  In  a  short  time  Colonel  Wright  men- 
tioned Owhi's  name.  Qualchien  started,  and  in- 
quired, "  Car  Owhi?" — that  is,  "Where  is 
Owhi?"  the  Colonel  answered,  "Owhi  mitlite 
yawa;" — or  "Owhi  is  over  there."  Qualchien 
was  stunned.  He  repeated  to  himself  mechanic- 
ally, "Owhi  mitlite  yawa?  Owhi  mitlite  yawa," 
at  the  same  time  gazing  about  as  if  to  find  him. 
By  this  time  a  guard  of  soldiers  had  arrived  and 
he  was  at  once  disarmed  and  taken  to  the  guard 
tent. 

Physically  Qualchien  was  a  splendid  man.  He 
had  a  broad  chest,  muscular  limbs,  with  small 
hands  and  feet,  and  it  required  six  men  to  tie 
his  hands  and  feet,  so  violent  was  his  struggles- 
Colonel  Wright's  dealing  with  Qualchien  was 
summary.  Fifteen  minutes  after  his  capture 
the  officer  of  the  day  received  an  order  to  have 
him  hung  immediately.  A  file  of  the  guard  at 
once  marched  him  to  a  neighboring  tree,  when, 
on  attempting  to  fix  the  noose  about  his  neck 
the  contest  was  again  renewed.  He  struggled 
violently,  cursing  Kamiakin,  and  shrieking, 
"  Copet  six.  Wake  memaloose  nika.  ISTika  pot- 
lach  hiyu  chiekamen,  hiyu  kuitan.  Spose  nika 


memaloose,  nika  hiyu  siwash  silex.  Copet  six." 
Interpreted,  it  is:  "  Stop,  my  friends.  Do  not 
kill  me.  I  will  give  much  money  and  a  great 
many  horses.  If  you  kill  me  a  great  many  of 
my  people  will  be  very  angry."  But  the  rope  was 
thrown  over  a  limb  of  the  tree  and  he  was  run 
up.  His  last  words  were  a  curse  upon  Kamiakin, 
whom  he  seemed  to  connect  with  his  death. 
Not  iinlikely  Kamiakin  sent  him  into  camp.  A 
few  days  after  this,  while  the  army  was  on  the 
march  back  to  Walla  Walla,  Owhi,  who-  was 
taken  along  as  prisoner,  attempted  to  escape 
from  his  guard  and  he  was  shot. 

The  death  of  Owhi  and  Qualchien,  with  the 
other  results  of  Colonel  Wright's  campaign, 
completely  dismayed  the  Indians  of  Eastern 
Washington.  They  were,  next  to  Kamiakin, 
the  most  influential  of  all  the  chiefs,  and  by  all 
comparison    the   most  warlike   and   murderous. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  follow  the  operations  of 
the  army  in  the  northwest  further.  This  closed 
the  war;  and  it  also  closed  the  era  of  real  Indian 
wars  in  Washington.  Though  these  tribes  re- 
mained comparatively  strong,  and  there  yet 
remain  many  of  the  Yakimas  and  Spokanes  and 
Nez  Perces,  yet  they  had  learned  the  power  of 
white  man  and  were  content  henceforth  to  re- 


in peace 


with  hi 


/^ 


^ 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON.  3! 

CHAPTEE  XXXII. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  WASHINGTON. 

OLYMPIA. 
Cities— Types  of  States — Olympia — Sketch  of  General  I.  I.  Stevens — Dit.  N.  Osteander. 


THE  history  of  any  State  is  finally  crystal- 
lized in  its  cities.  Its  strongest  personali- 
ties naturally  congregate  there.  In  nearly 
every  State  one  city  becomes  the  type  and 
representative  of  the  State  itself.  Chicago  is  Illi- 
nois. San  Francisco  is  California.  Portland  is 
Oregon.  This  is  less  true  in  Washincrton  than 
in  any  other  Pacifiic  State.  Its  vast  area,  its 
widely  differentiated  conditions  east  and  west,  its 
vast  diversity  of  pursuit, — have  up  to  this  time 
prevented  any  one  point  so  far  outstripping  all 
others  as  to  make  it  alone  typical  of  the  his- 
tory or  condition  of  all.  In  writing  of  the  cities 
of  the  State,  therefore,  we  have  chosen  to  speak 
of  several,  choosing  those  that  historically,  so- 
cially and  commercially  best  interpret  tlie  past 
and  present  life  of  the  people.  In  writing  of 
these,  too,  we  have  thought  it  best  to  do  more 
than  tell  the  story  of  brick  and  mortar,  their 
granite  and  iron  erections;  but  with  these  we 
give  some  character  sketches  of  some  of  the 
men  whose  genius  and  intellect  conceived  and 
whose  energy  created  them  all.  We  do  this  be- 
cause the  l)uilder  is  always  greater  than  his 
erection,  as  tlie  Creator  is  mightier  than  his 
creiition. 

It  would  be  impossible,  in  the  limits  of  this 
history,  to  dwell  at  length  on  all  the  really  im- 
portant cities  and  towns  of  the  State.  Wash- 
ington, especially  on  the  waters  of  Puget  Sound, 
is  almost  a  land  of  cities.  Probably  two-thirds 
of  its  population  reside  in  the  towns.  East  of 
the  Cascade  mountains  the  proportion  is  not  so 
great,  but  even  there  the  population  is  largely 
urbau.  So,  without  designing  to  overlook  any, 
we  select  the  capital,  and  other  cities  located  in, 
and  commercially  and  socially  representative  of, 
the  various  sections  of  the  State. 


olympia,    capital    city    of    WASHINGTON. 

No  city  in  the  Union  is  more  proudly  named 
or  situated  than  Olympia,  with  the  sea  at  its  feet 
and  the  mountains  its  glistening  crown,  with 
immense  forests  garlanding  its  skirts.  While  in 
one  hand  it  bears  aloft  some  of  the  rarest  fruits 
of  the  world  and  in  the  other  the  golden  grains 
of  a  marvelous  production,  it  stands  not  only  a 
city  beautiful  for  situation,  but  a  powerful  factor 
in  the  future  progress  of  the  State. 

As  a  business  center,  the  city  is  compactly 
and  substantially  built  on  a  fine  water  front  ex- 
tending many  blocks  back.  Its  hotels,  banks, 
public  buildings  and  schools  are  such  as  are 
found  in  the  greatest  cities  of  the  East.  Elec- 
tric railways  and  the  daily  press  bespeak  its  irre- 
pressible progress.  Its  population,  including 
Turn  water  suburb,  is  more  than  7,000,  being 
one  of  the  most  prosperous  cities   in   the  State. 

It  has  a  complete  system  of  water-works,  also 
electric  lighting  for  streets,  stores,  and  dwell- 
ings. On  every  hand  are  evidences  of  the  rapid 
and  substantial  modern  growth. 

Being  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
the  Sound,  at  a  point  where  railroads  must  fork 
to  go  to  the  East  and  West,  Olympia  has  al- 
ready become  a  railroad  center,  which  includes 
the  Northern  PaciHo  with  all  its  ramifications 
leading  to  Portland,  Oregon;  toTacoma,  Seattle, 
and  the  entire  east  side  of  the  Sound,  also  to 
Chehalis  valley  and  Gray's  Harbor,  and  to 
Tenino,  famous  for  its  quarries  on  the  Olymjjia 
and  Chehalis  valley  line.  The  Puget  Sound 
&  Portland  railroad,  a  joint  extension  of  the 
Union  Pacific  and  Great  Northern,  is  already 
graded,  passing   through   Olympia.      The   Port 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


Townseiid  Southern,  leading  out  of  the  city,  via 
Hood's  Canal  to  Port  Townsend,  is  nearingcom- 
pletion.  liegular  lines  of  fine  steamers  lead 
also  to  numerous  points  on  the  Sound. 

The  geographical  position  of  Olyinpia,  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  west,  together  with 
its  central  control  of  its  wheat  fields  on  the  east 
through  its  growing  railroad  system,  renders  its 
promise  of  greatness  subject  to  no  doubt.  Con- 
gress at  its  last  session  has  made  large  appro- 
priation for  its  harbor  improvements,  thus 
recognizing  its  importance  as  a  commercial 
point. 

Immense  amounts  of  valuable  timber  of  fir 
and  cedar  along  its  new  lines  of  railroad  be- 
speak great  industries  which  alone  promise  an 
exceptional  future  for  the  capital  city.  Other 
great  industries  no  less  important  than  its  tim- 
ber, are  its  adjacent  stone  quarries,  coal  fields 
and  iron  ores.  It  is  the  nearest  seaport  to  the 
great  Tenino  quarries,  whose  superior  quality 
of  stone  and  beauty  are  already  established 
abroad.  It  is  also  the  nearest  point  to  the  well- 
known  Skookumchuck  coal  fields,  also  at  Bu- 
coda  and  at  Gate  City,  not  twenty  miles  dis- 
tant. Its  nearness  to  the  Black  Hills,  but  five 
miles  distant,  which  are  known  to  contain  iron 
oi"e  in  abundance,  forecasts  its  future  also  as  im- 
portant in  the   great  industry  of  iron. 

The  advantages  of  the  capital  city  as  a  seat  of 
manufacturing  are  very  great  and  are  already 
attracting  practical  investigation  and  invest- 
ments. To  speak  of  the  country  about  Olyin- 
pia and  not  mention  its  fruits  and  grains,  and 
its  great  agricultural  advantages,  is  to  on)it  its 
prime  virtue.  Here  fruits  are  rich  and  luscious, 
grains  golden  and  prolific,  vegetables  abundant 
and  perfect.  Flowers  bloom  till  midwinter  and 
even  then  nature  smiles  beneath  licr  tears  with 
green  fields  and  verdant  lawns. 

The  capital  of  such  a  State  as  Washington 
would^  alone  sntfice  to  build  up  a  great  city. 
Congress  has  endowed  the  State  with  132,000 
acres  of  land  for  tiie  erection  of  the  capitol 
buildings,  and  this  princely  grant  is  now  worth 
$2,500,000    and    rapidly    increasing  in    value. 


The  last  session  of  the  Legislature  passed  an 
act  appropriating  $1,000,000  with  which  t<> 
begin  the  construction  of  a  splendid  capitol 
building,  which  is  now  well  under  way. 

The  permanent  residence  of  the  governor 
and  State  ofiicers  are  here,  and,  as  it  is  the  eeat 
of  the  United  States  Land  and  Surveyor  Gen- 
eral's offices,  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  Legis- 
lature, the  Supreme  Court,  and  numerous  State 
boards,  it  attracts  a  most  desirable  population. 
It  is  a  city  of  fine  homes,  splendid  schools,  in- 
viting churches;  of  culture,  brains  and  refine- 
ment; of  beautiful  gardens,  and,  in  their  season, 
of  laden  fruit  trees  in  its  streets. 

Illustrative  of  tlie  personal  elements  that 
have  wrought  out  its  past  history,  and  assured 
its  future  progress,  we  append  the  following 
sketches  of  some  of  its  pioneers  and  builders. 
It  is  proper  that  the  name  heading  this  list 
should  be  the  honored  one  of  the  first  governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Washington. 

Major  General  Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens,  de- 
ceased, was  born  in  North  Andover,  Massachu- 
setts, March  23,  1818,  and  was  descended  from 
John  Stevens,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town 
in  1641.  He  entered  West  Point  July  1, 1835, 
and  four  years  later  graduated  with  distinguished 
honors  at  the  head  of  his  class.  Appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  of  engineers,  he  served  as  as- 
sistant in  building  Fort  Adams,  Newport  Har- 
bor, 1839-'41,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
works  at  New  Bedford,  184:l-"43,  Portland, 
Maine,  and  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  and 
Fort  Knox,  at  the  narrows  of  the  Penobscot 
river,  a  new  and  important  work,  chiefly  built 
under  his  superintendence,  1843-'4:6;  first  lieu- 
tenant, July  1,  1840. 

He  served  in  the  Mexican  war  on  General 
Scott's  staff  frotn  the  investment  of  Vera  Cruz 
to  the  capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  1847.  He 
was  in  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  and  the  battles  of 
Contreras,  Cerro  Gordo,  Churubnsco,  Molino 
del  Key,  Chapultepec,  and  the  assault  and  cap- 
ture of  the  city  of  Mexico,  where  he  was  se- 
verely wounded.  Besides  distinguishing  him- 
self by  the  daring  and  skillful  reconnoissance  of 


II I  STOUT    OF    WAsniNOTON. 


the  Pefion,  San  Antouio,  city  of  Mexico  and 
others,  he  was  brevetted  captain  for  gaUantry  at 
Contreras  and  Chiiruhnsco,  and  major  for  his 
bravery  at  Chapul tepee. 

Returning  on  crutches  in  1848,  he  resumed 
charge  of  the  works  in  Maine  and  JSew  Hamp- 
shire. In  September,  1849,  he  accepted  the 
position  ot  assistant  in  charge  of  the  United 
States  Coast  otiice,  and  there  continued  on  duty 
nntil  March,  1853,  when  he  was  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  the  new  Territory  of  Washington,  and 
resigned  from  the  army.  As  governor  he  was 
ex  officio  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  and 
at  the  same  time,  liaving  volunteered  for  the 
service,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  explora- 
tion and  snrvey  of-  tiae  northern  route  for  the 
Pacific  railroad. 

In  1853,  at  the  head  of  a  large  exploring 
party,  he  traversed  the  region  from  St.  Paul, 
on  the  Mississippi,  to  Puget  Sound  on  the  Pa- 
cific, a  distance  of  2,000  miles  through  a  wild 
and  almost  unknown  country,  and  by  means  of 
lateral  parties  and  information  gathered  from 
trappers  and  Indians,  as  well  as  instrumental 
surveys,  he  made  a  most  comprehensive  and  ex- 
haustive survey  of  the  route  committed  to  his 
charge  and  of  the  country  bi)rdering  it  for  from 
one  hundred  to  two  hundred  miles  in  width,  and 
also  established  the  entire  practicability  of  nav- 
igating the  upper  Missouri  and  Columbia  riv- 
ers by  steamers;  yet  liis  report  was  the  first 
one  prepared  and  submitted  to  Congress.  He 
organized  and  set  in  motion  the  civil  govern- 
ment of  his  Territory.  In  1854-'55  lie  made  treat- 
ies with  22,000  out  of  the  25,000  Indians  of 
that  Territory,  and  extinguished  tlie  Indian  title 
to  more  than  100,000  square  miles  of  territory. 
His  Indian  policy  was  one  of  beneficence  to  the 
Indians,  guarded  most  carefully  their  rights, 
provided  for  their  civilization,  and  guaranteed 
to  them  homesteads  on  their  assuming  the  hab- 
its of  civilized  life.  Governor  Stevens  also  in 
October,  1855,  negotiated  a  treaty  of  amity  and 
friendship  with  the  Blackfoot  Indians  on  the 
upper  Missouri.^  and  also  as  between  them  and 
the  hunting  tribes  of   Wasliington  and  Oregon. 


Eight  thousand  Indians,  representing  fully 
20,000,  were  present  at  this  council.  It  was  a 
complete  success.  With  his  small  party  of  only 
twenty-five  men,  without  any  military  escort,  he 
traversed  a  thousand  miles  of  Indian  territory, 
crossing  the  Jtocky  mountains  in  order  to  make 
this  treaty.  Tribes  which  had  for  centuries 
been  enemies,  fearlessly  niet  together,  relying 
upon  Governor  Stevens'  protection,  and  a  peace 
was  made  which  has  lasted  unbroken  to  this 
day.  During  his  absence  the  disaffected  In- 
dians of  his  territory  had  broken  out  in  open 
war  and  had  massacred  many  settlers,  and  driven 
the  survivors  to  take  refuge  in  fortified  places. 
Without  an  instant's  delay,  he  forced  a  passage 
across  the  Kooky  mountains  in  winter,  and  by 
the  aid  of  friendly  Indians  and  celerity  of  move- 
ment reached  Olympia,  the  capital  of  the  Terri- 
tory, on  the  first  of  January,  1856,  amid  the 
rejoicing  of  the  people.  He  called  out  a  thou- 
sand volunteers,  encouraged  the  settlers  to  return 
to  their  abandoned  farms  and  live  there  in  block 
houses,  placed  all  the  friendly  and  doubtful  In- 
dians on  islands  in  .Puget  Sound,  and  fed  and 
clothed  them,  and  waged  two  campaigns  against 
the  liostiles  with  such  vigor  and  success  that 
before  the  year  had  expired  the  Indians  were 
thoroughly  subdued,  their  chiefs  slain  and  the 
others  had  surrendered  and  were  incorporated 
with  the  friendly  Indians.  In  this  struggle  his 
energy,  resolution  and  resources  overruled  every 
obstacle.  He  issued  script  to  pay  his  troops;  he 
impressed  supplies,  wagons  and  teams  when- 
ever the  owners  refused  to  furnish  them  for 
script;  he  maintained  strict  discipline.  He  re- 
moved half-breed  and  white  Indian  sympathiz- 
ers— the  former  employes  of  the  English  Hud- 
son's Bay  Fur  Company — from  their  homes  on 
the  frontier  to  the  towns  where  they  could  not 
communicate  with  the  Indians;  and  when  po- 
litical and  partisan  opponents  sought  to  create 
trouble  by  invoking  the  aid  of  the  courtg,  and 
the  chief  justice  of  the  Territory  issued  his  writ 
of  habeas  corpus  for  the  release  of  these  men, 
Gov'ernor  Stevens  proclaimed  martial  law  in  the 
two  counties,  seized  the  chief  justice  by  a  file 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  troopers  and  kept  him  a  prisoner  until  the 
end  of  the  war.  Dnring  this  time  he  stood  like 
a  shield  of  adamant  between  the  Indians  and 
the  reckless  and  revengeful  who  thirsted  to  fall 
upon  the  friendly  and  hostile  alike.  He  pro- 
hibited all  cruelty  toward  the  Indians  taken  in 
arms,  and  that  only  six  cases  of  unauthorized 
killing  of  Indians  by  white  men  occurred  dur- 
ing a  period  of  twelve  months  of  alarm  and  e.x- 
asperation  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  vigor  and 
success  of  Governor  Stevens'  action.  It  is  not 
a-little  remarkable  that  in  his  printed  vindica- 
tion he  places  his  justification  for  proclaiming 
martial  law  on  the  very  grounds  and  in  much 
the  same  language  as  the  justification  of  mar- 
tial law  during  the  Rebellion. 

Governor  Stevens  was  elected  delegate  to 
Congress  in  July,  1857,  and  resigned  as  Gov 
ernor.  He  served  two  terms,  four  years,  in 
Congress,  where  he  vindicated  his  action  in  the 
Indian  war,  and  his  Indian  policy,  and  saw  his 
treaties  confirmed  and  the  payment  of  the 
war  scrip  assumed  by  Congress,  and  also  ob- 
tained many  large  appropriations  for  develop- 
ing his  Territory.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  Presidential  election  of  1860.  He  was 
Chairman  of  the  Breckinridge  National  Demo- 
cratic Committee,  of  which  he  wrote  the  address, 
an  able  argument  covering  nearly  one  sheet  of 
newspaper,  in  a  single  night.  He  was  a  stanch 
Union  man,  and  upon  the  first  raising  of  the 
banner  of  secession  he  openly  denounced  the 
party  of  disunion. 

On  the  fall  of  Sumter,  he  offered  a  carte 
blanche  of  his  services  to  the  Government  from 
a  distant  part  of  the  Territory  of  Washington, 
hurried  on  in  person  as  soon  as  possible  and  ac- 
cepted the  colonelcy  of  the  Seventj^-ninth  High- 
landers, New  York  Volunteers.  This  was  a  crack 
New  York  city  military  regiment,  composed 
of  Scotchmen  or  men  of  Scotch  descent,  and 
was  the  first  military  regiment  of  the  State  to 
volunteer  for  three  years  of  the  war.  The  regi- 
ment suffered  heavily  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
losing  198  killed  and  wounded,  includincr 
among  the  former  its  Colonel,  James  Cameron, 


brother  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  The  Secretary 
promised  that  the  regiment  should  be  sent  home 
to  recruit,  but  it  was  not  done.  Owing  to  a 
number  of  causes,  among  which  may  be  named 
their  severe  losses  in  battle,  disappointment  at 
the  nonfulfillment  of  the  Secretary's  assurance, 
the  evil  influence  of  a  few  worthless  officers  and 
the  effect  of  the  liquor  supplied  by  them  to  the 
men,  eight  companies  mutinied  by  refusing  to. 
strike  tents  and  move  camp  soon  after  the  new 
Colonel  assumed  command.  Colonel  Stevens 
went  among  the  men,  many  of  whom  were  in- 
toxicated and  infuriated  with  utter  fearlessness, 
urging  them  to  return  to  duty;  when  a  group 
threatened  death  to  any  one  who  dared  strike  a 
tent,  and  the  officers  stood  back,  he  took  down 
the  tent  with  his  own  hands,  while  the  very 
mutineers  applauded  his  intrepidity.  Finally, 
with  the  aid  of  the  officers  and  the  two  com- 
panies which  remained  loyal,  he  succeeded  in 
removing  most  of  the  arms,  and,  in  response  to 
his  call,  some  regular  troops  arrived  and  sur- 
rounded the  camp  with  infantry  and  artillery. 
Then  Colonel  Stevens  stood  upon  a  barrel  in 
the  midst  of  the  mutineers  and  ordered  them  to 
.return  to  duty  in  a  voice  that  rang  out  like  a 
trumpet,  "Men!  I  have  urged  you  all  the  morn- 
ing to  do  your  duty.  Now  I  order  you.  Obey, 
or  my  next  order  will  be  to  that  battery  to  fire 
on  you.  Now,  Highlanders,  fall  in."  The  dis- 
affected men  made  haste  to  fall  in  line.  Col- 
onel Stevens  enforced  a  very  severe  and  just 
discipline,  but  the  intelligent  and  generous 
material  of  which  the  regiment  was  composed 
recognized  the  need  of  such  treatment  and  re- 
sponded to  it  with  enthusiastic  pride  and  devo- 
tion to  their  chief. 

When  appointed  Brigadier  General  and  or- 
dered to  another  field  of  usefulness,  he  reviewed 
and  bade  the  regiment  fai-ewell  and  a  universal 
shout  rang  along  the  line,  "Tak  us  wi'  ye!  Tak 
us  wi'  ye!"  and  in  response  to  it,  upon  his 
application,  endorsed  by  General  W.  T.  Sher- 
man, the  regiment  was  sent  after  him  to  Annap- 
olis the  next  day  by  order  of  the  President, 
overruling  the  objections  of  General  McClellan, 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


and  remained  under  his  command  until  bis  deatli. 

He  served  in  the  defense  of  Washington,  and 
was  appointed  Brigadier  General  September  28, 
1861.  In  tliS  same  month,  in  command  of 
1,800  men,  he  made  the  reconnoissance  of 
Lewisville,  where  he  handled  his  troups  with 
acknowledged  skill  and  rapidly  and  easily  with- 
drew them  from  the  attack  of  a  superior  force. 
He  commanded  a  brigade  on  the  Hilton  Head 
expedition,  October,  1861;  landed  in  South 
Carolina  in  November  and  occupied  soon  after 
the  town  of  Btaufort,  Fort  Royal  and  the  ad- 
joining sea  islands.  Janiiary  1,  1862,  he  fought 
the  battle  of  the  Coosaw  river,  with  his  brigade 
re-enforced  by  two  other  regiments  and  the  gun- 
boats, drove  back  the  enemy  and  destroyed  his 
batteries  which  had  closed  the  river.  In  June 
he  was  placed  in  command  of  a  division  and 
ordered  to  James  Island  to  take  part  in  an  ad- 
vance upon  Charleston.  While  his  troops  were 
landing  from  the  transports  in  the  Stone  river, 
upon  the  island,  lie  pushed  forward  with  his 
advance,  drove  in  the  enemy,  captured  a  battery 
of  four  guns  and  established  his  permanent 
picket  line.  His  force  formed  the  right  wing 
of  the  army  under  General  Benham.  Ou  the 
16th  of  June,  at  dawn,  he  assaulted  the  enemy's 
fort  of  Secessionville  with  his  entire  division, 
but  although  the  troops  gained  the  parapet  and 
even  there  captured  two  prisoners,  yet  the 
slaughter  was  so  great  he  had  to  withdraw 
them,  havng  lost  over  600  men  in  twenty  min- 
utes.' This  assault  was  ordered  by  General 
Benham  against  General  Stevens'  remon- 
strance. 

In  July,  1862,  be  sailed  with  his  division  to 
Virginia,  where,  at  Newport  News,  it  was  in- 
corporated with  Burnside's  troops  from  North 
Carolina,  as  the  Ninth  Corps,  forming  the  First 
Division.  Thence  proceeding  by  Fredericks- 
burg, General  Stevens  marched  along  the  Rap- 
pahannock river  and  joined  Pope's  army  at 
Culpeper  Court  House.  He  participated  in  va- 
rious skirmishes  on  the  Rappahannock,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Manassas  or  second  Bull  Run,  Au- 
gust 29  and   30,   1862,   where    his    horse    was 


killed  under  him  while  leading  a  charge  of  his 
troops.  He  withdrew  his  division  from  that 
disastrous  field  in  perfect  order,  and  with  every 
regiment  unbroken,  although  with  the  loss  of 
one  half  their  number.  The  next  morning  at 
daylight  he  was  placed  iu  command  of  the  rear 
guard  of  the  army  with  two  divisions  of  infantry 
and  a  strong  force  of  cavali-y  and  artillery  and 
took  post  between  Bull  Run  and  Centerville. 
The  next  day,  September  1,  1862,  while  marcii- 
ing  his  division,  closely  followed  by  Reno's  di- 
vision of  the  Ninth  Corps,  across  from  the 
main  road  between  Centreville  and  Fairfax 
Court  House  to  the  Little  River  turnpike,  in 
order  to  reach  a  position  to  withstand  a  column 
of  the  enemy  reported  as  advancing  and  threat- 
ening the  main  road  and  only  line  of  retreat,  he 
suddenly  came  face  to  face  with  the  Rebel 
skirmishers  who  were  hastening  forward  in 
order  to  seize  tlie  road.  With  instant  decision 
and  rapidity,  throwing  out  skirmishers  who 
drove  back  the  enemy  and  developed  his  posi- 
tion, General  Stevens  formed  his  entired  divis- 
ion in  column  and  ordered  ihe  assault.  The 
enemy  were  formed  behind  a  rail  fence  in  the 
edge  of  thick  woods.  In  their  front,  slightly 
descending,  extended  for  some  distance  a  corn 
field  and  a  tract  of  cleared  land  with  stumps  and 
logs  scattered  over  a  portion  of  it.  The  column 
with  fixed  bayonets  swept  on  to  the  attack  with 
firm  but  rapid  step  until  half  the  intervening 
ground  had  been  traversed.  Then  the  enemy's 
line,  hitlierto  concealed  agd  silent,  suddenly 
smote  the  column  with  a  sheeted  fire  so  terrific 
and  deadly  that  it  staggered  and  halted.  At 
this  crisis,  when  anotl^pr  moment  might  have 
seen  the  troops  in  headlong  flight.  General 
Stevens  rushed  forward  on  foot,  seized  the 
colors  of  the  foremost  regiment — the  Seventy- 
ninth  Highlands,  his  own  former  regiment — as 
they  were  falling  from  the  hands  of  the  wounded 
color-bearer,  and,  calling  upon  the  men  to 
follow  their  general,  bore  them  to  the  front. 
The  regiment,  followed  by  the  column,  dashed 
forward  with  redoubled  fury;  they  hurled  the 
rail  fence  to  the  ground   with  one  sweep  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


line,  dashing  themselves  against  it,  and  drove 
the  enemy  before  them.  General  Stevens  fell 
in  the  moment  of  victory.  He  was  found  at 
the  fence,  dead,  his  temple  pierced  by  a  bullet, 
and  the  flag  firmly  grasped  in  his  right  hand. 
The  Rebel  force  thus  tiercely  hurled  back  was  a 
heavy  flanking  column  commanded  by  "  Stone- 
wall "  Jackson  in  person.  He  renewed  the 
fight,  but  Reno's  and  afterward  Kearny's  di- 
visions supported  Stevens'  veterans  until  night 
and  a  heavy  slorra  of  rain,  thunder  and  light- 
ning put  an  end  to  the  conflict.  General  Stevens' 
heroic  attack  upon  Jackson  at  the  battle  of 
Chantilly  undoubtedly  saved  Pope's  army  from 
serious  disaster.  Jackson  was  advancing  rapidly 
and  was  one  half  a  mile  from  the  only  line  of 
retreat  when  encountered. 

General  Stevens  was  appointed  Major  General 
July  4,  1862.  At  the  very  hour  of  his  death 
the  President  and  Secretary  of  War  were  consid- 
ering the  step  of  placing  him  in  command  of 
the  army.  It  appears  certain  that  nothing  but 
death  could  have  long  kept  him  from  that  com- 
mand for  which  his  talents,  courage  and  devotion 
60  well  qualified  him. 

General  Stevens  married  in  September,  1841, 
Miss  Margaret  L.  Hazard,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Hazard,  a  distinguished  lawyer  of  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  and  left  his  widow,  one  son  and 
three  daughters.  His  remains  were  buried  in 
Newport,  where  the  city  reared  an  imposing 
monument  of  granite,  upon  which  is  iu>icribed, 
"  In  memory  of  Major  General  Isaac  Ingalls 
Stevens,  born  in  Andover,  Massachusetts,  March 
28,  1818,  who  gave  to  theservice  of  his  country 
a  quick  and  comprehensive  mind,  a  warm  and 
generous  heart,  a  firm  will  and  strong  arm,  and 
who  fell  while  rallying  his  command,  with  the 
flag  of  the  republic  in  his  dying  grasp,  at  the 
battle  of  Chantilly,  Virginia,  September  1, 
1862." 

It  must  sufiice  for  Olympia  that  we  select  one 
other  name,  and  that  the  name  of  a  man  in  his 
sphere,  a  thoroughly  representative  character, 
namely : 


Nathaniel  Ostrander,  M.  D.,  317  Eighth 
street,  Olympia,  Washington,  one  of  the  oldest 
medical  practitioners  in  the  State,  was  born  in 
Ulstei'  county,  New  York,  December  28,  1818. 

Dr.  Ostrander's  parents,  Abel  and  Catherine 
(Esterly)  Ostrander,  were  natives  of  New  York, 
and  were  descended  from  Holland  ancestry. 
Abel  Ostrander  was  reared  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits, which  he  followed  until  1836.  Then  he 
emigrated  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  engaged 
in  building  and  renting  houses.  In  1852  he 
removed  to  Washington  Territory,  located  a 
donation  claim  upon  the  Cowlitz  river,  and 
there  followed  farming  until  his  death. 

Nathaniel  Ostrander  was  taken  in  infancy  by 
his  uncle,  Nathaniel,  by  whom  he  was  reared  to 
the  age  of  fourteen  years,  enjoying  the  privi- 
leges of  the  schools  of  New  York  city.  In  1832 
he  returned  to  his  parents,  and  remained  with 
them  two  years.  Then  he  joined  his  brother, 
John,  a  merchant  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  as 
clerk  in  his  store  remained  until  1836,  when  he 
moved  to  La  Fayette  county,  and  there  con- 
tinued mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  married, 
in  1838,  to  Miss  Eliza  Jane  Yantis,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  of  Dutch  .descent.  In  1845  he 
removed  to  Cass  county,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, and  about  this  time  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  D.  K. 
Palmer,  pursuing  his  studies  as  he  dro\e  the 
plow.  In  1847  he  moved  to  Saline  county, 
continuing  his  studies  and  attending  two  courses 
of  lectiires  in  the  medical  department  of  St. 
Louis  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1848. 
He  then  commenced  practice  in  Saline  county, 
continuing  until   1850. 

In  1850  Dr.  Ostrander  joined  the  tide  of 
western  emigration,  and  with  an  ox  team  crossed 
the  plains  to  California.  He  passed  one  year 
at  mining,  and  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  the  camps  at  Rough  and  Ready  and  Onion 
Valley.  In  the  fall  of  1851  he  returned  to  his 
family  in  Missouri,  making  the  return  trip 
via  the  Nicaragua  route.  He  then  converted 
his  farm  property  into  cash   and  a  prairie  outfit 


IIJ8T0RT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  tliree  wagons  and  the  necessary  oxen,  and 
again  started  for  the  Pacific  coast,  bringing 
his  family  and  father,  but  this  time  directed 
his  course  toward  Washington,  theii  a  part  of 
Oregon.  Arriving  at  their  destination  in  the 
fall  of  1852,  they  located  on  the  Cowlitz  river, 
being  among  the  first  settlers  in  that  valley. 
The  Doctor  engaged  in  farming,  and  also  prac- 
ticed medicine  as  occasion  required,  remaining 
in  that  locality  until  1872.  He  reclaimed  two 
farms  from  nature's  wilds,  and  a  creek  and  vil- 
lage now  bear  his  name.  In  1872  he  sold  out 
and  moved  to  Tnniwater,  where  he  opened  a 
small  drug  store  and  engaged  in  a  general 
medical  j^ractice.  In  1879  he  sold  his  store,  and 
moved  to  Olympia,  where  lie  has  since  followed 
his    profession. 

Dr.  Ostrander  has  been  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  public  affairs  of  this  country,  and 
none  have  been  more  untiring  in  their  efforts 
to  advance  its  best  interests  than  he.      He  was 


the  first  Probate  Judge  of  Cowlitz  county, 
appointed  by  Isaac  1.  Stevens,  the  first  Terri- 
torial Governor,  and  in  that  capacity  served 
for  twelve  years.  He  has  served  several  times 
on  the  City  Council  of  Olympia,  and  two  terms 
as  Mayor;  also  one  term  as  a  member  of  the 
Territoi'ial  Legislature.  Socially,  he  affiliates 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  passed  all  the 
chairs  of  the  subordinate  lodge  and  encamp- 
ment. 

Although  now  seventy-four  years  of  age,  the 
Doctor  is  still  erect  and  vigorous,  only  prac- 
ticing among  his  older  patients,  and  passing 
the  closing  years  of  his  life  in  the  enjoyment 
of  peace  and  plenty.  He  and  his  good  wife 
have  had  eleven  children,  one  son  and  ten 
daughters,  eight  of  whom  survive:  Catherine, 
Mary  A.,  Theressa,  Margaret,  May,  Florence, 
Fanny  L.  and  John  Y.,— all  married  and 
settled  in  life. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

PKINCIPAL  CITIES,  CONTINUED. 


SPOKANE. 

The  "  Inland  Empiee" — Location  of  Si'okane — Beauty  of  Scenery — Its  Railroad  System- 
Schools  AND  Benevolent  Associ.vtions — Medical  Lake — Edison  Electric  Company — Tele- 
phone Business — L.  H.  Prathee — I.  S.  Kaufman — Judge  McBride — Rev.  J.  B.  Eene — • 
Rev.  Nelson  Clark. 


1 


\HAT  is  known  in  the  parlance  of  the 
Western  coast  as  the  "  Inland  Empii-e" 
is  the  region  of  country  east  of  the  Cas- 
cade range  of  mountains  in  both  Washington 
and  Oregon,  extending  from  Couer  d'Alene 
mountains  on  the  north  and  the  Klamath  plateau 
on  the  south,  and  reaching  eastward  to  the 
granite  foot  of  the  great  Rocky  range.  In  area 
it  is  three  times  as  large  as  the  great  "Empire 
State."  Its  popular  title,  therefore,  -'The  Inland 
Empire,"  is  by  no  means  an  unmeaning  design- 
ation.    With  many  towns  and  cities  of  the  great 


present,  and  vastly  ^ 
ance,  it  has  one  that 


ter  prospective  impftrt- 
and  vvithout  doubt  is  to 
remain,  the  regal  queen  of  that  imperial  realm, 
namely,  Spokane. 

"Beautiful  for  situation,  the  joy  of  the  whole 
earth,"  is  this  Spokane.  If  this  may  seem  a 
hyperbole  in  the  statement  the  writer  will  con- 
sent to  limit  its  application  to  the  "Inland  Em- 
pire,"—  aregion  of  scenic  loveliness  and  grandeur 
and  sublimity  not  exceeded  on  the  whole  on  tlie 
American  continent.  As  the  eye  never  wearies 
of  this  loveliness,  so    the  pen    would  not  tire  in 


HISTORY    OF    W^iSHINGTON. 


recording  it;  but  the  limitations  of  our  bouk 
compel  discretion. 

The  city  is  located  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
most  perfect  scenic  poem.  Form  and  color 
and  motion  have  here  their  rarest  blendings. 
Woodlands,  lawns  and  waters  mingle  green  soft- 
ness, gray  soberness  and  silver  brightness  in  one 
long  and  Ijroad  picture  such  as  no  hand  but  that 
of  the  Infinite  Artist  could  ever  touch.  Just 
where  the  Spokane  river,  which  has  come  wan- 
dering down  through  the  plains  from  the  north- 
east for  many  miles,  breaks  first  into  laughing 
ripples,  then  speeds  away  through  various  chan- 
nels for  a  half  mile  race  of  flashing  and  jeweled 
beauty,  and  then  leaps  and  ruslies  out  of  sight 
into  the  deep  basaltic  chasm  of  its  lower  flow, 
the  city  crosses  plain  and  river,  and  rises  up  the 
hill-slopes  that  echo  back  and  across  the  soft 
music  of  the  incomparable  cascade. 

The  divine  marvel  of  its  jeweled  setting  is 
matched  by  the  human  marvel  of  its  own  growth 
and  beauty.  Only  twenty  years  ago  a  pioneer 
explorer,  searcliing  for  a  way  through  an  unin- 
habited wild,  accompanied  only  by  his  wife,  a 
pioneer  like  himself; and  a  little  daughter,  found 
himself  so  bewildered  in  the  unpathed  intri- 
cacies of  pine  forests  and  basaltic  precipices  at 
the  nighfall  of  a  long  June  day  of  lonely  travel, 
that  he  was  compelled  to  halt  and  camp  for  the 
night  under  a  pine  tree's  protection,  without 
food  for  supper  or  breakfast.  The  morning 
woke  them  with  the  tremulous  music  of  a  near 
waterfall  filling  the  white  air.  They  found  that 
they  had  encamped  almost  where  the  spray  of 
Spokane  Falls  would  moisten  their  brows. 
Against  the  gray  breast  of  a  distant  hill  a  few 
blue  wreaths  of  smoke  from  some  Indian  wig- 
wams were  all  that  told  of  liumanity  near. 
Then  the  writer  first  saw  this  spot;  but  he  did 
not  dream  that  night  of  all  that  he  would  see 
here  only  twenty  years  later. 

How  to  write  of  Spokane  in  any  way  and  not 
seem  to  deal  in  eulogy  rather  than  description  is 
hard  to  tell.  Its  simple  story  is  a  romance.  Its 
statistics  show  almost  an  Aladdin's  creation. 
To  enter  upon  either  is  to  venture  a  field  where 


we  can  find  no  near  place  to  pause.  A  few  sen- 
tences must  cover  all  that  we  say,  before  we  in- 
troduce to  our  readers  some  of  the  characters, 
who  type  hundreds  like  themselves,  who  were 
the  builders  of  this  Queen  City. 

Spokane  is  the  inland  center  of  a  vast  system 
of  railroads.  It  is  on  the  main  line  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  and  Great  Northern  roads.  A 
branch  of  the  great  Union  Pacific  system,  leav- 
its  main  line  at  Pendleton,  in  Oregon,  makes 
this  its  objective  point.  The  Spokane  Northern, 
now  terminating  at  Northport  on  the  upper 
Columbia,  but  to  extend  to  the  center  of  the 
great  mining  districts  of  British  Columbia,  the 
Spokane  and  Idaho,  with  other  lines  begun  and 
projected,  make  this  the  one  great  focus  of  travel 
and  trade  in  this  vast  interior. 

Its  street  railway  system  is  a  prominent  fea- 
tui'e  of  the  city's  progress, — cable,  electric  and 
motor  lines,  operated  by  four  companies,  thirty- 
six  miles  combined.  The  electric-light  plant, 
the  cable  railway,  the  electric  railway,  the  ma- 
chinery of  the  city  water  works,  an  efficient 
water  service  for  the  fire  department,  are  all 
operated  by  the  water  power  of  the  falls.  By  a 
telephone  system  the  city  is  connected  with  all 
points  within  a  radius  of  300  miles.  The  num- 
ber of  church  organizations  is  about  thirty,  all 
denominations  being  represented,  some  having 
several  church  edifices.  There  are  ten  public 
schools,  employing  fifty-eight  teachers,  one  of 
which  is  the  high  school,  with  twelve  instruc- 
tors. Of  private  schools  the  most  notable  are 
the  Gonzaga  College,  with  100  pupils;  two 
parochial  schools,  a  girls'  academy,  a  kinder- 
garten school  and  orphanage,  the  Jenkins  Uni- 
versity, St.  Mary's  Hall,  a  young  ladies  semin- 
ary; a  music  conservatory  and  a  business  col- 
lege. The  Hospital  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  con- 
ducted by  eighteen  Sisters  of  Charity,  has  100 
patients.  The  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph  conduct  an 
orphanage,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Koman 
Catholic  Church,  with  150  orphans  at  present 
under  their  care.  The  Ladies'  Benevolent  So- 
ciety maintain  a  children's  home,  and  now  have 
forty  in  charge.     There  are  eight  banks,  with  a 


BISTORT    OF     WASniJSGrON. 


paid-up  capital  of  11,600,000;  surplus  and  un- 
divided protits,  $500,000.  There  are  also  sev- 
eral savings  banks;  the  two  leading  ones  have 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $110,000  and  a  surplus 
of  $50,000.  There  are  located  here  two  flour 
mills,  four  breweries,  twelve  wooden- product 
factories,  four  iron  foundries  and  many  other 
manufacturing  enterprises. 

Like  Seattle  the  city  ot  Spokane  was  visited 
by  fire  in  the  eventful  year  for  Washington  fires. 
On  July  4,  1889,  the  entire  business  section  of 
Spokane  Falls,  as  the  city  was  then  called,  was 
swept  out  of  existence  by  a  devastating  fire; 
and,  like  her  sister  city,  Spokane  has  also  arisen 
resplendent  from  the  heaps  of  ruins,  and  finer, 
more  substantial  and  more  beautiful  structures 
adorn  Spokane,  the  third  principal  city  of  the 
State  of  Washington. 

A  remarkable  physical  feature  of  the  county, 
immediately  related  to  Spokane,  is  Medical 
Lake,  the  location  of  the  Eastern  State  Hospital 
for  the  Insane,  which  has  216  patients  coufiiietl 
therein.  The  lake  is  situated  on  the  summit  of 
the  great  plain  of  the  Columbia,  at  an  altitude 
of  2,300  feet  above  sea  level.  It  is  about  one 
mile  long  with  a  width  of  over  half  a  mile.  It 
is  80  named  from  the  medical  properties  of  the 
water.  By  an  analysis  by  Professor  Lansing, 
of  New  York,  the  water  was  found  to  contain 
in  grains  per  United  States  gallon:  Soda 
chloride,  16.370;  potassic  chloride,  9.241;  lithic 
carbonate,  traces;  sodic  carbonate,  6^.543;  mag- 
nesia carbonate,  .233;  ferrous  carbonate,  .525; 
calcic  carbonate,  .186;  aluminic  oxide,  .175; 
sodic  silicate,  10.638;  potassic  sulphate,  traces; 
sodic  diborate,  traces;  organic  matter,  .551; 
total,  101.463.  The  Indians  ascribed  to  its 
waters  healing  properties  long  before  the  lake 
becan^e  a  popular  resort  for  the  white  man. 

As  typing  other  facts  in  the  material  growth 
of  this  city  we  append  the  following: 

Edison  Electric  Illuminating  (Jompany. — 
The  electric  light  industries  in  the  town  were 
started  in  the  fall  of  1885.  under  the  name  of 
the  Spokane  Falls  Electric  Light  &  Power 
Co.,   and   a   modest  little   plant   consisting    of 


twelve  arc  lights  and  150  incandescents  was 
established  in  a  station  building  in  the  center 
of  the  river  on  the  north  side.  In  1886  the 
plant  was  removed  to  more  commodious  quar- 
ters, and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  the  Edison 
Electric  Light  Company,  of  New  York,  became 
stockholders  in  the  plant,  making  the  concern 
one  of  the  then  thirty-four  central  stations  in 
the  United  States.  An  addition  of  thirty-five 
arcs  and  1,000  incandescents  was  then  installed. 
So  great  was  the  growth  of  the  business  that 
in  1887  all  the  available  power  at  the  new  site 
in  question  was  being  used,  and  the  directors 
were  at  their  wit's  end  for  increased  facilities. 

At  this  time  Mr.  Norman,  who  was  the 
owner  of  the  telephone  interests  in  the  city 
and  throughout  the  Coeur  'd  Alene  country, 
took  the  management  of  the  plant,  and  a  large 
interest  in  its  stock,  and  set  about  to  find  a 
location  upon  the  river  which  would  give 
them  ample  power  for  all  time  to  come.  Engi- 
neers were  engaged,  and  careful  estimates  made 
of  the  various  sites,  with  the  result  that  a 
selection  was  made  of  what  is  known  as  the 
"lower  and  main  power"  of  the  rivei-,  which 
has  a  fall  of  seventy  feet  and  a  rated  power 
at  the  lowest  stage  of  the  river  of  18,545-horse 
power.  This  property,  together  witii  the  C  and 
C  mills,  and  the  whole  of  the  water  power  of 
the  Spokane  river  lying  west  of  and  embracing 
some  twenty  acres  of  land  and  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  entire  water  power  of  the  Spokane 
river,  with  riparian  rights  on  both  sides  of  the 
river,  was  under  Mr.  Norman's  management, 
gathered  together  under  one  body,  and  a  new 
corporation  was  formed,  known  as  The  Wash- 
ington Water  Power  Company,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  the  property  and  developing 
it,  the  stockholders  in  the  new  company  being 
the  controlling  stockholders  in  the  Lighting 
Company. 

The  capital  stock  of  this  new  company  was 
§1,000,000,  the  officers  of  the  company  being 
F.  Rockwood  Moore,  president;  J.  D.  Sher- 
wood, treasurer;  and  W.  S.  Norman,  secretary. 
The  company  secured  the  services  of  Colonel  J. 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


T.  Fanning,  the  eminent  hydraulic  engineer,  as 
their  consulting  engineer,  and  Mr.  Henry  A. 
Herrick,  C.  E.,  as  their  resident  engineer,  and 
plans  for  the  entire  development  of  the  river 
were  prepared  in  the  spring  of  1889,  when  the 
work  of  improving  the  power  was  commenced. 
A  dam,  sixteen  feet  high,  was  constrncted 
across  the  river  on  solid  basaltic  foundations- 
at  the  great  power,  and  headgates  in  solid 
granite  masonry  were  built  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  the  flumes  to  supply  the  power  to 
the  tenants. 

The  station  building  of  the  Edison  Company 
was  started  in  the  spring  of  1890,  and  the 
whole  plant  was  completed,  and  was  in  oper- 
ation in  the  fall.  The  Edison  plant  to-day  is 
the  most  complete  water-])0wer  electric-light 
station  in  the  United  States.  It  is  a  building, 
60  X 120  feef,  two  stories  high,  of  fire-proof 
construction  throughout,  the  wheels  being  run 
under  seventy-foot  head.  The  water  is  carried 
to  the  station  through  two  steel  penstocks,  each 
seven  feet  in  diameter.  The  wheels  are  of  the 
Victor  Twin  Horizontal  pattern,  and  the  whole 
plant  is  so  arranged  that  uninterrupted  power 
can  be  given  for  all  time.  The  current  has 
never  been  shut  off  since  the  station  has  been 
opened. 

One  of  the  best  evidences  of  the  growth  of 
the  city  is  found  in  the  remarkable  growth  of 
this  plant.  In  1885,  as  we  have  said,  it  was 
running  twelve  arc  ligiits  and  150  incandescents, 
consuming  about  thirty-horse  power.  To-day 
in  its  big  building  it  is  turning  out  10,000  in- 
candescents and  600  arc  lights,  and  furnishing 
electric  power  for  all  the  lines  in  the  city,  its 
power  users  alone  consuming  850-horse  power, 
and  the  whole  plant  to-day  is  using  over  2,000- 
horse  power.  Most  of  the  elevators  in  the  city 
are  run  by  the  electric  motor;  the  current  is 
used  to  run  all  the  printing-presses  in  the  city, 
as  well  as  for  heating  cars,  cooking-stoves,  and 
various  domestic  appliances,  and  fans  for  cooling 
and  ventilating  purposes  are  everywhere  in  cir- 
culation. The  company's  arc  mains  to-day  are 
nearly  200  miles  in  length,  and  its  incandescent 


mains  traverse  every  graded  street  in  the  city. 
The  station  runs  both  day  and  night  without 
interruption,  and  so  popular  is  the  current  that 
to-day  upward  of  500  residents  in  the  city 
use  it. 

In  1886  the  first  street-car  line  was  built  in 
the  city.  It  was  originally  installed  by  Messrs. 
Browne,  Cannon  &  Ross,  who  afterward  sold 
their  interest  to  the  Spokane  Street  Railway 
Company,  in  1889.  The  Spokane  Cable  Rail- 
way was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  building 
a  cable  railway  across  the  Monroe  street  bridge. 
This  road  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1889,  and 
shortly  after  this  time  the  stockholders  of  the 
Cable  Railway  Company  purchased  the  control- 
ling interest  in  the  Spokane  Street  Railway 
Company. 

In  February,  1891,  the  two  companies  being 
embarrassed,  their  plant  was  offered  for  sale, 
and  as  a  result  of  negotiations  was  purchased  by 
Mr.  iN'orman  in  the  interest  of  the  Washington 
Water  Power  Company.  Flans  were  at  once 
made  for  the  transformation  of  the  system  into 
a  complete  electric  system,  and  bonds  were 
issued  for  the  purpose,  and  by  September  i, 
1891,  the  plant  had  been  entirely  reconstructed 
and  remodeled,  and  the  nucleus  had  been  laid 
for  a  large  and  controlling  system.  The  lines  of 
the  old  company  were  principally  in  the  west 
end  of  the  town  and  on  the  North  Side,  but  in 
Sejjtember  franchises  were  secured  by  purchase 
and  grant  in  the  east  end  of  the  city,  and  this 
section  has  now  been  covered  with  lines,  while 
during  the  present  year  the  company  has 
acquired  control  of  the  Ross  Park  Street  Rail- 
way Company,  the  pioneer  electric  road  of  the 
city,  which  practically  gives  them  control  of  the 
entire  railway  business  of  the  city  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  suburban  lines.  The  company 
to-day  operates  twenty-five  miles  of  electric 
road  and  three  miles  of  cable  road.  It  operates 
twenty-three  cars  daily  and  has  a  car  equipment 
of  thirty-five  cars.  The  cars  are  of  very  hand- 
some design,  the  color  adopted  being  white. 
The  company  owns  large  tracts  of  land  lying 
aloncr  the  line  of  its   various  roads,  which  radi- 


^^x^/^.j^^Y'ftt^^"^^^**^  J'^W^^ 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINOTOH. 


ate  from  tlie  center  of  .the  city  and  reach  out 
ill  all  directions  with  nine  arms.  T^he  whole  of 
the  stock  of  the  companies  is  owned  by  The 
Washington  Water  Power  Company.  The  total 
investment  in  the  street-railway  system,  includ- 
ing its  lands,  figures  up  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$1,000,000. 

The  company  owns  its  own  repair  shops  and 
•all  of  its  machine  work,  and  most  of  its  car- 
building  is  now  being  done  on  the  ground. 

The  Washington  Water  Power  Company  is 
also  engaged  in  the  milling  business,  owning 
and  operating  the  C  and  C  Mills  with  its  series 
of  warehouses  thi'oughout  the  adjacent  country. 
This  braucli  of  the  business  is  under  the  super- 
intendency  of  Gleorge  S.  Palmer. 

Telephone  Business.  Spokane  is  tlie  center 
of  one  of  the  most  complete  systems  of  long 
distance  telephoning  in  the  West.  The  plant 
in  Spokane  was  started  in  1886,  under  the  name 
of  Spokane  Falls  Telephone  Company,  Mr.  W. 
S.  Norman  being  principal  stockholder,  with  a 
plant  of  fifty  subscribers.  A  line  was  at  this 
time  built  conueeting  the  Coeur  'd  Alene  mines 
just  tlien  discovered  with  Fort  Sherman,  and 
from  Fort  Sherman  messages  were  transferred 
by  Government  telegraph  wire  to  Spokane.  In 
the  following  year  a  through  line  was  con- 
structed from  Spokane  to  the  mines,  and  in 
1888  Mr.  C.  B.  Hopkins,  the  pioneer  telephone 
man  of  eastern  Washington,  connected  the 
Palouse  country  system  with  the  city,  and  with 
Mr.  Norman  built  lines  from  Spokane  west- 
wardly  through  the  Big  Bend  country.  In  the 
spring  of  1801  the  plants,  which  had  grown  so 
amazingly  in  the  four  years  that  they  made  an 
increase  of  900  per  cent.,  were  consolidated 
under  the  name  of  The  Inland  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Company,  the  American  Bell  Com- 
pany taking  a  preponderating  share  in  the 
stock.  Of  the  new  company  the  officers  at 
present  are  W.  S.  Norman,  president;  C.  B. 
Hopkins,  general  managei"  F.  E.  Drake, 
secretary. 

The  company  has  vastly  extended  its  toll 
line    business,   and    to-day    Spokane    is    within 


speaking  reach  of  100  towns  and  villages  in 
eastern  Washington,  eastern  Oregon  and 
northern  Idaho,  through  lines  extending  clear 
across  the  State  of  Washington  into  Oregon. 
There  are  to-day  three  lines  running  south  of 
the  town  into  the  Palouse  country  alone,  and 
construction  has  been  commenced  upon  a  metal- 
lic circuit  line  from  Spokane  to  Portland,  Seattle 
and  Tacoma.  The  company  is  now  operating 
exchanges  in  Spokane,  Colfax,  Pullman,  Palouse 
City,  Moscow,  Pendleton,  Ellensburg,  Dayton, 
North  Yakima  and  Walla  Walla,  connection 
being  had  at  a  moment's  notice  between  the 
subscriber's  instrument  and  the  subscriber  in 
any  other  town.  The  capital  stock  of  the  com- 
pany is  §800,000. 

During  the  recent  labor  troubles  in  the  Cu3ur 
d'  Alenes,  the  lines  played  an  important  part 
and  were  busy  all  the  time  in  bringing  out  news 
of  the  calamitous  affair.  The  mileage  of  line 
engaged  in  tlie  teleplione  system  of  the  city 
alone  is  about  400  miles,  the  number  of  sub- 
scribers being  between  500  and  600,  each  sub- 
scriber having  a  separate  line. 

Among  those  whose  life  and  work  have  made 
Spokane,  and  the  great  country  of  which  it  is 
the  pulsing  heart  what  they  are,  may  be  named 
the  following: 

L.  fl.  Pkathek,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Prather  &  Danson, 
Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  in  Veruon, 
Jennings  county,  Indiana,  in  1843,  a  son  of 
Hiram  and  Mary  A.  (Huckleberry)  Prather. 
His  father  was  a  leading  member  of  the  Indi- 
ana bar,  often  representing  his  constituency  in 
the  Legislature  of  that  State,  and  during  the  lle- 
bellion  won  for  himself  a  brilliant  war  record. 
He  was  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Sixtti 
Indiana  Volunteers,  was  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  was  compelled  to  re- 
sign his  commission  in  1863  on  account  of  poor 
health.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  also  took 
part  in  the  Civil  war.  He  was  first  a  member 
of  the  Sixth  Indiana  Volunteers  and  afterward 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  Volunteer 
Regiment  oi  that  State.    He  was  present  at  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


battles  of  Pittslnirgh  Landing,  Stone  River, 
second  battle  of  Mnrfreesboro,  and  tbe  battle 
of  Town  Creek,  North  Carolina.  He  was  de- 
tailed as  acting  Quartermaster  on  General  Car- 
ter's staff  and  Chief  of  Ambulances  of  Third 
Division  of  the  Twenty-third  Army  Corps,  and 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  July  11,  1865. 
He  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K.,  Sedg- 
wick, Post  iS^o.  8,  Spokane,  and  has  served  as 
Fourth  Post  Commander  of  the  same.  He  has 
served  two  terms  as  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education  of  the  State  of  Washington. 

Mr.  Prather  received  his  early  education  in 
his  native  town  and  later  attended  Asbury 
University,  Greencastle,  Indiana.  While  at 
liome  and  during  his  university  course  his 
studies  were  such  as  to  incline  him  to  adopt  the 
legal  profession,  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Columbus,  Indiana,  in  May,  1868,  since 
which  time  he  has  constantly  been  engaged  in 
legal  practice.  During  the  past  decade  Mr. 
Prather  has  been  a  resident  of  Spokane,  and 
has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  its  prog- 
ress. The  firm  of  Prather  &  Danson,  occu- 
pying one  of  the  most  commodious  suites  in 
the  Granite  Block,  corner  of  Riverside  avenue 
and  Washington  streets,  holds  a  high  position 
among  the  legal  profession,  and  justly  so,  for 
its  individual  members  have  had  many  years  of 
practical  experience  in  their  profession  and 
have  been  eminently  successful  therein.  Mr. 
Prather  is  of  a  literary  turn  of  mind  and  de- 
votes his  leisure  time  to  the  study  of  literature. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  of  which  church  his  father  and  grand- 
father were  also  members. 

He  was  married  in  1879,  to  Miss  Edna  L. 
Rice,  daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  M.  L.  Rice  of 
Arkansas,  and  a  grandniece  of  ex-Governor 
Letcher  of  Kentucky.  They  have  live  children, 
Rose,  Leander,  Kate,  Edna,  Mary  and  Rice. 
Mr.  Prather  is  in  Spokane  to  stay.  His  attract- 
ive home  in  Altamont,  one  of  the  finest  suburbs 
of  this  city,  is  brightened  by  the  presence  of 
his  charming  wife  and  and  lovely  children;  so  it 


is  not  surprising  to  tind  him  always  in  a  happy 
and  cheerful  mood. 

1.  S.  Kaufman,  of  the  lirni  of  I.  S.  Kaufman 
&  Co.,  real  estate  dealers,  Spokane,  Washing- 
ton, has  been  identified  with  the  interests  of 
this  growing  city  since  1883. 

Mr.  Kaufman  was  born  in  Macon  county,  Illi- 
nois, in  1844,  second  child  and  only  son  of. 
John  and  Margaret  (Montgomery)  Kaufman, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Xorth  Carolina, 
respectively.  His  father,  a  contractor  and 
builder,  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836,  and  in 
that  State  passed  the  rest  of  his  life,  and  died 
in  1877.  In  early  life  he  was  a  Whig,  and  later 
a  Republican.'  He  was  a  worthy  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  as  also  is  his  venerable  wife, 
who  died  August  12,  1892. 

In  1862,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  the  suViject 
of  our  sketch  left  school  and  entered  the  service 
of  his  country,  becoming  a  niemberof  Company 
F,  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  Illinois  Infantry, 
and  remained  with  his  regiment  until  the  war 
closed.  He  entered  as  a  private  and  was  mus- 
tered out  as  Orderly  Sergeant.  Returning  home 
broken  in  health  after  the  war,  Mr.  Kaufman 
attended  school  one  year  and  then  spent  four 
years  in  Minnesota,  engaged  in  farming  and 
speculating.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  went 
back  to  Illinois,  located  at  Decatur,  and  was 
thf^re  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business  until 
he  came  to  Spokane  in  1883. 

From  the  time  Mr.  Kaufman  located  in  Spo- 
kane his  name  has  been  synonymous  with  hon- 
esty, integrity  and  business  ability.  Probably 
no  man  is  better  versed  about  the  vast  resources 
of  the  entire  State  of  Washington  than  Mr. 
Kaufman,  and  his  faith  in  her  future  has  led 
him  to  become  identified  with  some  of  the  largest 
enterprises  in  Spokane.  His  excellent  judgment, 
together  with  his  enterprise,  has  enabled  him  to 
accumulate  a  large  fortune  within  a  compara- 
tively short  time.  Immediately  upon  his  arrival 
here  he  entered  into  the  real-estate  business  and 
has  been  identified  with  that  important  branch 
ever  since.     In  public  life   as  well   a*  businesg 


r 


^^^-i-T-^'^W  «^^^^^^c 


■^ 


Ill  STORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


circles  he  has  always  commanded  the  highest 
respect  of  his  fellow-citizeus  who  elected  him  as 
a  member  of  the  City  Council  for  two  years, 
and  subsequently  honored  him  with  the  election 
of  Mayor  of  the  city  during  an  unexpired  term. 
Mr.  Kaufman  organized  the  Eoss  Park  Syndi- 
cate in  1887,  and  with  Messrs.  Dennis  and  Brad- 
ley and  the  syndicate  organized  and  built  the 
Ross  Park  electric. railroad.  He  conceived  the 
idea  of  erecting  a  block  of  granite,  and  he  and 
Mr.  Tilton,  another  one  of  the  most  prominent 
capitalists  and  business  men  of  Spokane,  erected 
in  1889  what  is  knowm  as  the  Granite  Block, 
occupying  ninety  feet  frontage  on  Riverside  av- 
enue and  eighty-three  feet  on  Washington 
street,  and  built  at  a  cost  of  §120,000.  It  is 
five  stories  with  a  cupola,  and  the  walls  are 
granite  from  foundation  to  roof,  the  stone  being 
from  the  famous  granite  quarries  of  the  Little 
Spokane.  It  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  heated 
by  steam.  An  elevator  is  one  of  the  modern 
conveniences  which  the  occupants  of  the  build- 
ing appreciate.  Another  prominent  institution 
with  which  Mr.  Kaufman  is  connected  is  the 
Exchange  National  Bank  of  Spokane,  of  which 
he  is  a  director.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  School  Board  and  is  now  a  Trustee  of  Jen- 
kins University.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A. 
R.,  Sedgwick  Post,  arid  both  he  and  liis  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Churcii,  he  being  an 
active  worker  in  the  same  and  having  organized 
the  Sunday-school  on  the  North  Side. 

Mr.  Kaufman  was  married  in  Illinois  to  Clara 
Belle  Odell,  and  has  live  children:  G.  AYilson, 
Raymond  T.,  Ralph,  Clara  Bessie  and  Isaac 
Karl. 

Judge  Joun  R.  McBkide,  a  resident  of  Spo- 
kane since  June,  1890,  has  for  many  years  been 
prominently  identitied  with  various  portions  of 
the  West. 

He  was  born  August  22,  1883,  son  of  Dr. 
James  McBride,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and 
Mahala  (Miller)  McBride  who  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri in  ISll.  A  self-educated  man,  he  was  the 
first  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Yam  Hill 
county,    Oregon,   and   during    his   incuujbency 


placed  the  schools  of  that  county  on  a  well-estab- 
lished basis.  He  studied  law  in  Oregon  with 
David  Logan,  son  of  Stephen  T.  Logan,  of 
Springfield,  Illinois,  and  in  1855  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  all  the  State  and  United  States 
Courts.  The  following  year  he  opened  an  office 
in  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon,  and  remained 
there,  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  liis  pro- 
fession until  1865,  when  he  went  to  Idaho.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
in  Oregon  in  1857,  and  in  1862  was  elected  to 
Congress,  on  the  Republican  ticket.  In  1865 
he  was  by  President  Lincoln  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Idaho,  served  three  years  and  then 
resigned.  He  practiced  law  in  Boise  City  until 
1873,  and  from  that  time  until  June,  1890, was 
a  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City,  being  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  there  under  the 
firm  name  of  Sutherland  A:  McBride.  The 
Judge  served  as  a  member  of  the  Republican 
National  Committee  of  Idaho  for  eight  years 
and  also  of  the  same  body  in  Utah  for  eight 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  Re- 
publican National  Convention  at  Minneapolis  in 
1892,  which  nominated  Benjamin  Harrison  for 
President.  He  now  has  a  large  legal  practice 
in  Spokane,  being  attorney  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  and  doing  an  exten- 
sive business  for  various  mining  corporations. 

Judge  McBride  has  been  twice  married.  In 
1852  he  wedded  Miss  E.  M.  Adams,  a  native  of 
Illinois  and  a  member  of  a  prominent  family. 
She  died  in  1866,  leaving  three  children, 
namely:  Isabella  Octavia,  wife  of  Secretary 
Wanamaker's  private  secretary;  Wil'lis  P.. 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Seattle,  Wash- 
ington; and  Frank  M.,  Assistant  Postmaster  in 
the  post  ofiice  at  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1871  he 
married  Miss  Helen  Lee,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
they  have  four  children:  Howard,  Anne  Lee, 
Walter  S.,  and  Henry  C. 

The  Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. 

In  connection  with  his  family  history,  it 
should  be  further  stated  that  his  youngest 
brother,  George  W-   Mc]>ride,  is    Secretary  of 


BISTORT    OF     WASHIJSOrON. 


the  State  of  Oregon,  and  that  another  brother, 
Thomas  A.  McBride,  is  one  of  tlie  District 
Judges  of  the  State  of  Oregon. 

Hev.  J.  B.  Eene,  S.  J.,  tlie  able  President  of 
Gonzaga  College,  in  Spokane,  AVashington, 
who  has  been  for  many  years  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  edncational  institutions  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  was  born  in  Montre- 
vault,  on  the  western  shore  of  France,  in  1841. 
His  earliest  education  was  received  in  the  Insti- 
tution of  Conibree,  where  he  remained  seven 
years,  afterward  entering  the  University  of 
France  at  Angers,  graduating  at  the  latter  insti- 
tution in  1861,  when  twenty  years  of  age.  He 
then  entered  the  Seminary  of  St.  Snlpice,  for 
the  purpose  of  completing  his  theological  course, 
with  a  view  of  following  a  religious  calling. 
In  1862,  lie  entered  the  "Novitiate  of  the  Society 
of  Jesus,  at  Angers,  and  two  years  later  he  was 
sent  to  St.  Acheui,  near  Amiens,  in  Cicandy,  to 
study  rhetoric.  In  1863,  he  entered  the  Scho- 
lasticate  in  Laval,  where  he  studied  pliilosophy 
and  the  sciences  for  three  years.  In  1867,  he 
was  sent  to  Paris  to  begin  his  career  as  a  teacher 
in  the  famous  College  of  Vaugirard.  In  1870, 
he  was  obliged  to  leave  Paris  on  account  of  the 
Prussian  invasion,  and  went  to  Le  Mans,  in  order 
to  assist  in  the  foTinding  of  the  College  of  Notre 
Dame  de  Sainte  Croix,  where  he  taught  the 
classics,  from  grammar  up  to  rhetoric,  to  sixty 
students.  In  1874,  he  began  the  theological 
course  of  study  at  St.  Bennos,  in  England,  which 
institution,  situated  on  a  hill  in  the  midst  of 
the  beautiful  scenery  of  that  region,  commanded 
a  view -of  Liverpool  and  the  ships  sailing  on  the 
sea  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  After  four  years, 
he  returned  to  France,  and  took  the  direction  of 
the  Apostolic  School,  of  Poictiers,  Vienna. 
After  one  year,  he  was  sent  to  Brest,  in  Brit- 
tany, to  be  prefect  of  study  and  discipline  in 
in  the  naval  school  of  this  strong  and  impreg- 
nable harbor.  After  a  year  here,  he  went  to 
Paray-le-Monial  in  Burgundy,  to  give  one  year 
to  ascetical  studies,  near  the  famous  sanctuary 
dedicated  to  the  Sacred  Heart,  where  the  beloved 
Margaret  Mary  was  favored  with  the  wonderful 


apparitions  that  gave  birth  to  the  Devotions  of 
the  Sacred  Heart.  In  1880,  he  was  dispatched 
to  Ireland,  in  order  to  assist  in  the  founding  of 
the  Apostolic  College  of  Munqot,  near  Limerick. 
He  remained  at  the  head  of  this  college  for  eight 
years,  first  as  director  of  the  students  under  the 
rectorship  of  Rev.  W.  Ronau,  and  then  as  rec- 
tor himself  of  this  flourishing  establishment. 
Many  apostolic  priests,  now  working  with  zeal 
in  America,  Africa,  China  and  Australia,  passed 
from  that  missionary  place.  In  1888,  he  re- 
turned to  France,  and  devoted  one  year  in  the 
Island  of  Jersey  to  tiie  training  of  the  naval 
students,  there  committed  to  the  care  of  the 
French  Jesuits.  In  1889,  he  was  sent  to  Rouen, 
in  Normandy,  a  city  remarkable  for  its  historic 
monuments,  such  as  Ouen,  etc.,  and  by  the 
martyrdom  of  the  heroic  Joan  of  Arc.  While 
here,  Father  Rene  asked  to  be  sent  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  Mission,  where,  after  a  few  months 
spent  at  St.  Ignatius  Mission,  Montana,  and  at 
the  Desmet  Mission,  Idaho,  he  was  appointed 
President  of  Gonzaga  College,  on  April  2,  1891, 
which  position  he  has  ever  since  filled.  Here, 
as  elsewhere,  he  has  been  characterized  by  that 
energy  and  ability  which  has  been  the  main- 
spring of  his  success  in  life,  and  which  has  filled 
the  minds  and  hearts  of  so  many  students  with 
zeal  and  learning,  which  they  have  carried  to  the 
uttermost  ends  of  the  .earth. 

Rev.  Nelson  Clark. — Few  men  have  in 
them  naturally  more  of  the  essential  elements  of 
the  true  pioneer  than  has  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Quite  careful,  methodical,  persevering, 
full  of  that  foresight  which  sees  both  opportun- 
ities and  dangers  from  afar  and  prepares  for 
them,  he  could  hardly  have  failed  to  make  a 
reasonable  success  of  life. 

In  addition  to  the  elements  that  are  in  his 
own  being,  and  in  no  small  measure  accounting 
for  them,  Mr.  Clark  had  the  happy  fortune  of 
being  well  born.  He  was  the  son  of  Archibald 
Clark  and  Nancy  (Pope)  Clark,  and  was  born  to 
them  in  Decatur  county,  Indiana,  October  28, 
1830.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin D.  Pope,  in  wliom  was  mixed  the  warmth 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


341 


and  solidity  of  the  blood  of  France  and  Wales,  and 
was  also  a  cousin  of  Koger  Sherman,  whose  name 
is  among  the  immortal  signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  American  Independence.  Mr.  Benjamin  D. 
Pope  was  a  resident  of  Canada  at  the  time  of 
the  American  Revolution,  but  he  so  resolutely 
refused  to  take  up  arms  against  the  colonies 
that  he  was  thrown  into  prison  for  six  weeks, 
when  he  made  his  escape,  took  his  family  and 
crossed  the  St.  Lawrence  river  and  took  up  his 
abode  in  the  colony  of  New  York.  Here  Mr. 
Clark's  father  was  born,  and  from  here  he  re- 
moved to  Decatnr,  Indiana,  at  an  early  day, 
where  Nelson  was  born.  The  family  removed 
to  Iowa  in  1847,  and  then  to  Adams  county, 
Illinois,  where  the  father  died  July  10,  1864. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  local  minister  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  his  was  the 
welcome  home  of  the  pioneer  itinerants  of  that 
region  for  many  years. 

In  the  spring  of  1853,  Nelson  Clark,  then 
Imt  a  youth  of  twenty-three,  decided  to  emi- 
grate to  Oregon.  Young  as  he  was,  and  reared 
amidst  the  aspirations  of  a  pioneer  life,  he  was 
already  a  licensed  preacher  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Like  many  another  who 
subsequently  achieved  success  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  Mr.  Clark  worked  his  way  across  the 
plains  for  the  weary  half-year  that  it  then  re- 
quired to  malce  that  journey. 

On  arriving  in  Oregon  in  the  autumn,  Mr. 
Clark  settled  in  Grand  Prairie,  in  Lane  county, 
on  a  land  claim.  In  the  spring  of  1854  he  was 
called  to  the  work  of  the  active  ministry  by  Rev. 
T.  H.  Pearne,  presiding  elder  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Chui-ch  in  Willamette  valley,  who 
appointed  him  to  a  pastoral  charge.  In  1855 
he  united  with  the  Oregon  Annual  Conference, 
and  entered  fully  upon  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  had  not  been  long  in  this  work  when  the 
good  genius,  that  has  so  often  and  so  long  helped 
his  destiny,  gave  him,  as  the  companion  and 
help  of  his  life,  Miss  Jane  Gilbert,  daughter  of 
Lorenzo  Dow  and  Hannah  (I'elknap)  Gilbert,  of 


Belknap  settlement,  in  Benton  county,  Oregon, 
to  whom  he  was  married  in  1856.  By  birth- 
right, by  personal  endowments,  and  by  those 
qualities  that  make  a  pure  and  noble  woman- 
hood, she  was  all  that  he  might  have  desired  as 
the  help  and  hope  of  his  life. 

In  the  work  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clark  had  chosen 
they  labored  earnestly  and  successfully.  Mr. 
Clark  served  acceptably  and  profitably  quite  a 
number  of  the  more  prominent  of  the  charges 
of  the  Oregon  conference,  such  as  Eugene 
City,  Brownsville,  Shedd,  Dallas  and  Hillsboro, 
for  thirty  years.  In  1885,  his  health  having  so 
far  failed  that  he  did  not  feel  that  he  was  longer 
fitted  to  endure  the  strain  of  the  itinerancy,  he 
took  a  superanunated  relation  to  his  conference, 
and  moved  with  his  family  to  Spokane  Falls  in 
the  then  Territory  of  Washington.  Here  his 
faithful  fortune  again  smiled  upon  him,  for, 
by  the  wise  investment  of  what  his  life  of  careful 
economy  and  faithful  industry  he  had  been  able 
to  save  during  the  former  years,  he  became  com- 
paratively wealthy.  Since  1885  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Clark  have  resided  continuously  in  Spokane, 
where  they  have  won  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  people  in  an  eminent  degree. 

To  them  have  been  born  a  family  of  seven 
children,  whose  lives  have  reflected  the  virtues 
and  purity  of  the  home  from  whence  they  went 
oxit.  Two  of  them,  namely,  Mrs.  Alice  M. 
Doane,  and  Miss  Eflie  Jane  Clark,  both  ladies 
of  most  e.xalted  character,  have  died.  The  lat- 
ter passed  away  while  a  student  at  Evanston, 
Illinois,  leaving  a  record  for  character  and  ac- 
complishments that  are  the  pride  and  boast  of 
the  great  institution  of  which  she  was  a  most 
beloved  and  honored  student. 

After  a  full  forty  years  of  honorable  and  use- 
ful pioneer  life  Mr.  Clark  and  his  most  worthy 
companion  are  spending  the  late  afternoon  of 
their  history  in  the  rest  of  a  beautiful  home  that 
overlooks  one  of  the  most  charming  city  and 
country  views  w-hich  the  human  eye  ever  beheld, 
I   and  they  are  well  worthy  of  it. 


nisTonr  of  Washington. 


CHAPTER   XXXIV. 

PIUXCIPAL  CITIES,  CONTINUED. 


The  Northern  Pacific  Paii 

TION BlOGRAl'IIICAL  Sk 

W.  Geiggs. 


)An— The  Tacoma  OF  1887 — Of  1892-Cause-< — Beautt  of  Loca- 

311KS     OF     Ma.IOR-GenERAL    J.    W.   Sl'RAl>UE  AXD  Coi.OXEL  ClIALNCEV 


/TT'- EORGE  FRANCIS  lIOAP.,in  an  address 
I  Tf  before  tlie  Massachusetts  Club  of  Poston, 
>-j[[  in  July,  1889,  said: 

"  It  is  diflicult  to  imagine  what  must  be 
tlie  destiny  of  that  wonderful  region  (Puget 
Sound),  unsurpassed  on  this  earth  for  the  fer- 
tility of  its  soil,  and  with  a  salubrious  climate 
where  it  seems  impossible  that  human  life 
should  come  to  an  end  if  the  ordinary  laws  of 
liealth  should  be  observed,  with  a  stimulating 
atmosphere  where  l)rain  and  body  are  at  tlieir 
l)est.  *  *  *  «  *  Tliere 

our  children,  our  brethren  and  our  kinsmen 
have  carried  the  j^rinciples  of  New  England; 
there  on  tlie  shores  of  that  Pacilic  sea  they  are 
to  repeat  on  a  lai-ger  scale,  with  grander  results, 
this  wonderful  drama  which  we  and  our  fathers 
have  enacted  here.  There  are  to  be  the  streets  of  a 
wealthier  New  York,  the  homes  of  a  more  cul- 
tured Boston,  and  the  hall.«  of  a  more  learned 
Harvard,  and  the  workshops  of  a  busier  Wor- 
cester." 

When  twenty  years  ago  the  Northern  Pacific 
Rnilroad  began  its  bold  march  across  the  con- 
tinent, its  way  lay  over  trackless  prairies  and 
into  forests  virgin  and  deep.  Its  forerunner  at 
the  south,  the  Union  Pacific,  had  followed  that 
long  line  of  human  bones  which  stretched  away 
across  the  great  desert,  the  ghastly  tracing  of 
that  tidal  wave  of  emigration  which  had  swept 
to  the  gold  fields  of  California.  It  followed  in 
the  wave  of  population ;  its  objective  was  a  rich 
and  developed  commonwealth.  The  new  road 
sought  an  almost  undiscovered  and  unpeopled 
country.  The  long  tier  of  great  territories 
which  the  Northern  Pacific  would  traverse  on 
its  way  to  the  ocean  were  little  more  than   lines 


upon  the  map.  But  the  projectors  of  the  road 
knew  that  therein  lay  tlie  locked-up  wealth  of 
an  empire,  and  their  daring  and  fertile  brains 
were  populous  with  dreams. 

Far  to  the  westward,  a  natural  gateway  to  the 
Pacific,  lay  a  beautiful  inland  sea,  bluer  than  the 
yEgean  and  shadowed  by  a  soaring  mountain 
dome  of  snow,  before  whose  bold  and  massive 
splendor  high  Olympus  would  shrink  to  the 
stature  of  a  pigmy.  By  the  shores  of  this  sea 
they  saw  rise,  in  prophetic  vision,  a  city  of  com- 
merce, beauty  and  wealth;  a  rival  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, a  terminal  of  trans-continental  and  trans- 
Pacific  traffic,  a  mart  of  inland,  coastwise  and 
oriental  trade.  It  was  a  dream,  but  when  the 
hour  struck,  it  was  to  be  fulfilled  with  the  rapid 
action  of  a  romance. 

In  1887  the  railroad's  long  struggle  for  a  pass- 
age across  the  Cascades  was  ended,  and  the  first 
overland  train,  by  direct  route,  touched  the 
shores  of  Puget  Sound.  Years  before  the  direct- 
ors had  chosen  as  the  terminal  a  commanding 
site  at  the  extreme  head  of  navigation  on  the 
sound.  It  took  its  name  from  the  great  mount- 
ain at  whose  feet  it  lay,  known  in  the  melodious 
Indian  dialect  as  "Tacoma."  But  the  resolution 
of  a  board  of  directors  did  not  make  a  city.  In 
1880,  what  was  then  Tacoma,  was  an  Indian 
trading  hamlet  of  hardly  800  people,  lying  close 
to  the  water's  edge,  and  walled  in  by  the  somber 
forest.  Three  years  later  the  establishment  of 
an  all-rail  connection  with  Portland  and  the 
outside  world,  lent  a  quickening  pulse.  But  the 
completion  of  the  stampede  switch-back  found 
it  still  a  struggling  western  town,  new  and  raw 
and  crude.  There  were  a  few  graded  streets; 
for  the  rest,  the  charred   stumpage   and    fallen 


niSTOnT    OF    WASBIKGTON. 


giants  of  the  bnrned-over  forest  ro=e  bare  and 
black  against  the  circling  bluffs. 

Were  an  Easterner,  accustomed  to  Eastern 
slowness  of  development,  having  known  the 
Tacoma  of  then,  to  behold  the  Tacoma  of  to-daj, 
he  might  easily  conceive  himself  face  to  face 
with  the  magic  of  Aladdin's  lamp.  The  Tacoma 
of  to-daj  is  the  achievement  of  those  short  five 
years.  In  that  brief  time  the  dense  jungle  of  a 
Paget  Sound  forest  has  been  cut  away,  its 
roughness  subdued,  and  in  its  stead  there  has 
been  planted  a  modern  and  beautiful  city — a  city 
of  more  than  30,000  population,  of  $43,000,000 
of  assessed  wealth,  with  a  great  trade  by  water 
and  by  rail,  with  magnilicent  business  blocks, 
with  tasteful  and  elegant  homes  and  stretching 
lawns,  club  houses  and  fine  public  buildings, 
cable  and  electric  railways,  with- parks,  with 
libraries,  with  theaters,  with  schools  and  colleges, 
all  the  appointments  of  civilized  life,  and  or- 
ganized on  a  scale  which  would  reflect  credit  on 
a  city  with  quadruple  the  population. 

It  is  doubtful  if  a  similar  example  of  develop- 
ment so  swift,  so  well  ordered  and  complete,  can 
be  summoned  even  from  the  pages  of  the  rapid 
growth  of  western  cities.  The  discoveries  of 
"  bonanza  "  mines  have  created  great  mining 
camps  like  Leadville  and  Butte,  in  perhaps  a 
like  space.  But  Tacoma  is  not  an  uncouth  min- 
ing camp  of  the  frontier,  but  a  city  of  Eastern 
appearance.  Eastern  people,  and  Eastern  culture. 
A  Pullman  to  be  sure  is  more  perfect  architec- 
turally, for  individual  effort  cannot  achieve  the 
symmetry  attainable  by  the  compactly  directed 
expenditure  of  millions.  But  Tacoma  is  not, 
like  a  Pullman,  the  child  of  a  corporation,  al- 
though the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  may  have 
stood  as  its  god-father;  and  Tacoma  has  what  a 
Pullman  can  never  have,  the  unwearying  panor- 
ama of  the  pine-darkened  Cascades,  the  blue 
Olympics  with  their  cresting  snows,'  the  broad 
expanse  of  placid  sea,  and  best  of  all,  the  Jovian 
front  of  that  most  stately  and  superb  of  all  the 
mountain  peaks  of  the  continent.  Mount  Rainier, 
frequently  called  Tacoma. 


The  growth  of  the  new  city  was  swift  and 
astonishing.  But  was  it  solid  and  enduring? 
Did  it  tread  firm  earth,  or  was  it  but  the  fig- 
ment of  a  "boom'"?  Let  the  last  two  years 
answer.  The  wild  rush  which  had  followed  the 
completion  of  the  railroad  to  Puget  Sound  was 
already  over  when  the  Baring  failure  drew  taut 
the  purse  strings  of  every  investor  and  capital- 
ist. The  stringency  was  keenly  felt  in  the  long 
established  States, — still  more  keenly  in  the  new. 
Yet  the  two  years  Avhich  followed  have  done 
more  for  Tacoma  than  the  three  which  preceded. 
Speculation  stopped,  building  began.  The  long 
column  of  real-estate  transfers  was  replaced  by 
the  tabulation  of  building  permits.  These  two 
years  have  seen  the  rise  of  the  city's  most 
imposing  structures, — its  courthouse  costing 
$350,000,  its  city  hall  costing  $300,000, 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  Berlin, 
Bernice,  "Washington,  Fidelity,  California,  Mer- 
chants' National  Bank,  Pacific  National  Bank, 
Gross  Bros.,  Tacoma  Theater,  and  other  splendid 
blocks;  they  have  seen  the  beginning  of  con- 
struction of  a  12,000,000  hotel,  the  fines'f  on 
the  coast,  now  ne^ring  completion;  they  have 
seen  a  steady  stride  in  population,  in  business 
and  trade,  the  construction  of  buildings  whose 
value  aggregates  over  $6,000,000,  the  develop- 
ment of  a  jobbing  trade  from  $10,000,000  to 
$18,000,000. 

Such  has  been  Tacoma's  advance  in  the  face 
of  financial  stringency,  and  when  the  last  sem- 
blance of  a  "  boom  "  had  passed  away  it  signi- 
fies with  decisive  emphasis  that  the  city's 
growth,  phenomenal  as  it  has  been,  was  not  of 
that  factitious  and  mushroom  characters©  often 
seen.  There  were,  in  truth,  deep,  more  potent 
causes  operating  to  build  a  great  city  at  the 
head  of  Puget  Sound.  That  such  a  city  should 
one  day  exist  was  a  sure  and  fixed  destiny  when 
the  idea  of  a  northern  trans-continental  line  first 
found  root  in  the  brain  of  its  projectors. 

It  lies  along  what  the  prophetic  finger  of 
Senator  Thomas  ET.  Benton  forty  years  ago 
pointed   out   as    "  The    American    road    to   the 


niSTOBY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Orient."  The  constniction  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  was  one  link  of  connection;  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Tacoma-Hong  Kong  line  of 
steamers  was  the  second.  Just  as  ocean  com- 
merce has  built  the  cities  of  New  York,  Boston, 
Baltimore,  just  as  the  Chinese  Japanese  ship- 
ping has  been  a  chief  factor  in  the  growth  of  San 
Francisco,  so  would  the  establishment  of  com- 
merce and  shipping,  combined  with  its  position 
as  the  terminal  of  a  chief  tranfcontinental  rail- 
road,-be  sufKcient  in  itself  to  build  Tacoma  to 
the  stature  of  a  great  city. 

But  the  conspiracy  of  forces  goes  yet  deeper. 
Back  of  New  York  and  Baltimore  was  com- 
merce; back  of  Pittsburgwas  coal  and  iron,  back 
of  Chicago,  Omaha  and  Kansas  City  were  the 
granaries  of  the  west;  back  of  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis  were  the  pine  forests  of  Minnesota 
and  the  Dakota  wheat  iields;  back  of  Denver 
was  the  wealth  of  the  Rockies;  and  by  reaso!)  of 
these  tilings  those  cities  have  grown  great. 
Back  of  Tacoma  are  the  wheat  fields  of  Eastern 
Washington  and  the  hop  fields  of  the  valleys  of 
the  Sound,  the  coal  and  iron  deposits  of  the 
Cascades;  in  the  Cascades,  too,  are  stores  of  gold 
and  silver,  and  round  about  the  Sound  is  the 
greatest  forest  on  the  American  continent;  and 
by  reason  of  these  has  the  city  achieved  its 
present  position.  Here  is  the  secret  of  its  aston- 
ishing development.  Had  indeed  the  conjunc- 
tion of  natural  resources  been  less  powerful  no 
such  development  conld  have  taken  place.  But 
whoever  will  give  attentive  examination  of  the 
various  factors  at  work  will  cease  to  wonder  at 
the  i-esult. 

Tt  woTild  bo  over-just  to  Tacoma,  and  unjust 
to  other  representative  cities  of  the  State,  if  we 
did  not  say  here  that  these  great  factors  are  com- 
mon, in  a  great  measure,  to  the  other  cities  of 
the  sound,  and  are  the  pledge  of  a  futui-e  of 
growth  and  power  in  that  whole  region  of  which 
this  city  will  be  an  expressive  type.  It  would 
be  impossible  for  us  to  do  more  than  give  them 
this  generalization  without  attempting  to  lead 
our  readers  into  the  domain  of  statistics. 


For  the  rest  of  the  story,  the  reader  is  invited 
to  visit  and  behold  with  his  own  eyes  the  city 
itself.  Man,  maker  of  cities,  may  have  sum- 
moned to  life  the  wealth  of  its  forests  and  its 
hills,  have  made  its  valleys  hum  with  the  voices 
of  industry  and  set  its  beautiful  harbor  with 
ships,  but  the  hand  of  man  could  never  have 
sculptiired  her  imperial  hills,  and  dowered  these 
with  an  air  and  view  that  take  us  back  for  com- 
parison to  the  land  where  civilization  lay  in  its 
cradle,  and  awoke  to  poetry  under  the  soft  skies 
of  Greece.  Circling  the  waters  of  Commence- 
ment Bay  and  terraced  like  a  broad  amphitheater, 
lie  the  bluffs  on  which  the  city  is  built.  The 
business  part  occupies  the  narrow  strip  of  shore 
line,  and  the  lower  terraces;  above  these,  rising 
tier  upon  tier,  is  the  residence  portion;  the  green 
sward  of  the  lawns,  green  the  whole  year  round, 
giving  an  exquisite  setting  to  the  gayer  colors 
of  the  handsome  modern  homes.  These  latter 
are  one  of  the  remarkable  features  of  the  city; 
their  cost  exceeding  those  of  any  city  of  equal 
or  even  much  greater  size.  In  every  direction 
stretch  vistas  of  exquisite  beauty.  (->nly  the 
far  horizon  limits  the  wide  view — a  horizon  set 
up  for  almost  its  entire  rim,  of  the  Cascades  and 
the  Olympics.  "  Lifting  far  their  crystal  climb 
of  snow,"  and  high  over  these.  Mount  Rainier, 
rearing  his  snowy  battlements  far  above  the 
clouds.  The  air  seems  still  with  a  singular 
serenity,  and  soft  as  a  caress.  Neither  scorch- 
ing blasts  nor  fierce,  cold  cyclones,  blizzards  nor 
thunder-storms  disturb  its  peace.  Roses,  blos- 
soming as  never  roses  of  Sharon  blossomed, 
scent  the  air  from  May  to  January.  The  sum- 
mer is  a  long  June,  and  winter  a  mild  Novem- 
ber. 

And  it  is  perhaps  this  rare  union  of  physical 
wealth  and  salubrity  of  climate,  opportunity  for 
business  and  restful,  restorative  air,  that  has 
won  so  many  wealthy,  cultured  and  intelligent 
people  to  this  new  city.  Here  the  race  for 
wealth  is  not  won  at  the  price  of  a  ruined  con- 
stitution; here  health  and  fortune,  successful 
business   and  daily  enjoyment  uf   life   may  go 


HI  STORY     OF    WAHUINGTON. 


hand  in  hand.  It  has  converted  many  a  tourist 
to  a  resident,  and  contributed  powerfully  to  that 
splendid  march  of  development  we  have  told. 
It  will  be  a  potent  factor  in  the  city's  progress 
toward  the  attainment  of  its  manifest  destiny,  so 
much  of  which  it  has  already  claimed  for  its 
own. 

Following  are  sketches  of  representative 
citizens  of  Tacoma: 

Majoe-Genekal  J.  W.  Sprague,  than  whom 
no  name  is  more  intimately  associated  with  the 
development  of  Tacoma,  justly  deserves  men- 
tion in  the  history  of  AVashington,  which  State 
he  helped  to  create. 

John  Wilson  Spragne  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton county,  New  York,  April  4,  1817,  his 
parents  being  Otis  and  Polly  (Peck)  Sprague. 
The  founder  of  the  Sprague  family  in  Amer- 
ica was  William,  who  came  from  England  iu 
1628,  landing  in  Massachusetts  in  September. 
He  settled  at  Naumkeag  (Salem),  and  was 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  planters  of  Massa- 
chnsetts.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Endi- 
cott  to  explore  and  take  possession  of  the 
conntry  west  of  Hingham,  and  in  1636  several 
parcels  of  land  were  given  this  explorer  by  the 
town  of  Hingham.  From  the  latter  town,  he  re- 
moved to  Charlestown  and  made  peace  with  the 
Indians  there,  two  of  his  brothers  being  the  first 
settlers  of  that  place.  William  died  at  Hing- 
ham, October  26,  1675,  after  a  long  and  useful 
life  spent  in  the  service  and  development  of  his 
country.  ()ne  of  his  sons,  Anthony,  had  a  son 
Jei-emiah,  among  whose  children  was  Knight 
Sprague,  whose  son  Asa  had  a  son  Otis,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Asa  Sprague, 
the  grandfather  of  the  General,  was  born  at 
Hingham,  the  old  family  seat,  and  Otis  was  a 
native  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  but  eventu- 
ally removed  to  New  York  State. 

John  W.  Sprague,  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch,  was  a  mere  boy  when  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Troy,  New  York,  where  he  resided 
until  he  was  twenty-eight  years  of  age.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  that  city  and 
at  the    Rensselaer    P(jlytcclinic   Institute.      On 


completing  his  education,  he  embarked  in  the 
wholesale  grocery  business  as  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Wallace  &  Sprague,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued for  five  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
he  removed  to  Huron,  Ohio,  then  on  the  front- 
ier, where  he  established  himself  in  the  for- 
warding and  commission  business  and  in  lake 
commerce,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Wright 
&  Sprague,  and  later,  of  Wilbur  &  Sprague, 
who,  in  connection  with  their  regular  opera- 
tions, built,  owned  and  operated  vessels.  It  was 
in  the  midst  of  these  active  and  profitable  en- 
terprises that  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke 
out,  when,  prompted  by  patriotism,  Mr.  Sprague 
at  once  took  his  stand  in  defense  of  the  Union. 
On  the  first  call  for  troops,  he  raised  a  com- 
pany, and  reported  at  Camp  Taylor,  near  Cleve- 
land. May  19,  1861,  this  company  was 
assigned  to  the  Seventh  Regiment  of  the  Ohio 
Infantry,  which  was  shortly  afterward  ordered 
to  Camp  Dennison.  Here  the  regiment  re-or- 
ganized for  three  years'  time,  and  was  ordered 
forward  to  West  Virginia.  August  11,  1861, 
while  Captain  Sprague  was  proceeding,  under 
orders,  from  Somerville  to  Clarksville,  with  an 
escort  of  four   mounted    men,  he    was  captured 


near   Bij'    Birch   river,  after 


sh 


lase  of 


al)Out  three  miles,  by  a  detachment  of  the  Wise, 
Legion,  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Crohan.  Captain  Sprague  was  taken  to  Rich- 
mond, where  he  was  confined  about  six  weeks 
in  a  tobacco  house,  after  which  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  being  con- 
fined first  at  Castle  Rinckney  and  afterward  in 
the  Charlestown  jail.  January  1,  1862,  he  was 
sent  to  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  and  on  the 
5th  was  removed  to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  to  be  ex- 
changed, and  on  the  lOtli  reached  Washington 
city.  While  on  his  way  to  join  his  regiment, 
which  was  still  stationed  in  Virginia,  Captain 
Sprague  received  from  Governor  Tod  a  com- 
mission as  Colonel  of  the  Sixty-third  Ohio  In- 
fantry. This  latter  regiment  was  at  Marietta, 
Ohio,  but  its  organization  was  incomplete.  This 
was  rapidly  accomplished,  however,  and  on  the 
"lOth  of  February,  Colonel  Sprague   moved   for- 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ward  -n-ith  his  regiment,  to  report  to  General 
Sherman,  at  Padncah,  Kentucky,  and  immedi- 
ately on  arriving  there  was  ordered  to  report  to 
General  Tope  at  Commerce,  Missouri.  Under 
the  latter  officer,  Colonel  Spragne  participated 
in  the  operations  at  New  Madrid  and  Island 
No.  10,  after  which  he  joined  the  army  at 
Fittshnrg  Landing.  He  moved  with  the  army 
against  Corinth,  and  subsequently  commanded 
his  regiment  in  the  battle  of  luka,  but  was  only 
slightly  engaged.  The  Colonel  again  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Corinth,  October  8  and 
4,  1862.  On  the  4th,  his  regiment  was  posted 
on  the  right  of  Battery  Robinett  and  lost  more 
men,  in  porportion  to  its  size,  than  any  other 
on  the  field.  More  than  one-half  of  the  men 
were  killed  and  wounded,  and  ijiit  three  line 
officers  escaped  unharmed. 

Subsequently,  Colonel  Sprague  was,  for  some 
time,  engaged  in  various  operations  of  minor 
importance.  In  the  latter  part  of  1863,  his 
regiment  re-enlisted,  only  seven  of  the  men 
present  declining  to  re-enter  the  service.  Colonel 
Sprague  has  always  looked  upon  this  almost 
unanimous  act  of  his  regiment  as  equal  in  im- 
portance to  any  of  its  deeds  on  the  battle  field. 

In  the  latter  part  of  January,  1864,  Colonel 
Sprague  was  assigned  by  General  Dodge,  to  the 
command  of  the  brigade,  consisting  of  the 
Forty-third  and  Sixty-third  Ohio  Regiments, 
the  Twenty-fifth  Wisconsin,  the  Thirty-fifth 
New  Jersey,  and  the  Third  Michigan  Battery. 
In  April,  the  brigade  marched  from  Chatta- 
nooga with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  under 
General  McPherson,  and  formed  part  of  the 
grand  army  under  General  Sherman.  Colonel 
Sprague  was  actively  engaged  during  the  entire 
Atlantic  campaign,  and  at  Resaca,  Dallas  and 
Nicojack  creek.  At  Decatur,  on  the  22d  of 
July,  he  was,  to  quote  from  a  history  of  the 
war,  "  conspicuous  for  coolness  and  bravery. 
At  Decatur,  Colonel  Sprague  was  covering  and 
guarding  the  trains  of  the  entire  army,  consist- 
ing of  over  4,000  wagons.  He  was  attacked  by 
superior  numbers,  and  the  contest  continued  for 
more  than  four  hours;  but  by  his  own  bravery 


and  ability,  no  less  than  by  the  courage  and 
prompt  obedience  of  his  men,  the  enemy  was 
finally  repulsed,  and  oidy  one  wagon  was  lost. 
His  brigade  lost  292  men,  killed  and  wounded." 

Colonel  Sprague  was  appointed  Brigadier- 
General  July  29,  1864.  After  the  fall  of 
Atlanta,  he  moved  with  General  Sherman  to 
Savannah,  and  thence  northward  on  the  cam- 
paign of  the  Carolinas.  After  the  surrender  of 
the  Rebel  armies,  he  moved  from  'Goldsboro, 
through  Raleigh  and  Richmond,  to  Washing- 
ton city,  where  he  participated  in  the  grand 
review  of  Sherman's  army.  His  command  hav- 
ing been  disbanded  at  the  close  of  the  war,  he 
was  assigned  to  duty  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
AYar  as  Assistant  Commissioner  for  the  Bureau 
of  Refugees,  Freed  men  and  Abandoned  Lands, 
with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  The 
district  under  his  charge  comprised  the  States 
of  Missouri  and  Kansas,  and  subsequently  the 
Indian  Territory.  In  September,  1865,  General 
Sprague's  headquarters  were  removed  to  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas,  where  he  remained  until 
November,  when  he  resigned.  In  the  mean- 
time he  was  offered  the  position  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Forty-first  United  States  Infan- 
try, which  he  declined,  and  he  was  brevetted 
Major-General  of  Volunteers,  to  date  from 
March  13,  1864.  To  quote  again  from  the 
work  previously  referred  to:  "His  character  as 
a  soldier  is  unimpeachable,  and  his  influence 
with  his  regiment,  and  later  with  his  brigade, 
was  almost  unbounded.  No  one  who  knew 
him  as  a  soldier  failed  to  esteem  and  love  him. 
He  was  always  prompt,  efficient  and  brave." 

At  the  close  of  the  war.  General  Sprague  was 
appointed  General  Manager  of  the  Winona  & 
St.  Peter  Railroad  in  Minnesota,  and  removed 
to  Winona.  In  the  spring  of  1870  he  assumed 
charge  of  the  interests  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 
under  his  direction  the  road  from  Kalama  to 
Tacoma  was  constructed  in  1871-'73,  and  he 
afterward  controlled  its  operation,  and  had 
charge  of  the  land  department,  as  well  as  of  all 
the  varied  interests  of -the  company  between  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASir/NGTON. 


24l 


Hocky  Mountains  and  Paget  Sound.  He  also 
bnilt  325  miles  of  the  line  east  of  the  Rockies, 
between  AVallnla  and  Pend  d'  Oreille  lake.  He 
continued  in  control  of  the  operations  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  in  the  West  until  1882,  when 
his  health  failed,  as  a  result  of  the  exposures  to 
whicii  he  had  subjected  himself,  as  well  as  from 
the  over-activity  of  his  life,  and  he  resigned. 

He  established  the  Tacoma  National  Bank, 
whicli  was  the  first  national  bank  ever  organized 
in  the  metropolis  of  Washington.  In  1889  he 
sold  out  his  interest  in  this  bank,  but  has  been 
president  of  the  Union  Savings  Bank  &  Trust 
Company  since  January,  1892,  and  is  also  vice- 
president  of  the  Piiget  Sound  Savings  P)ank. 
Aside  from  his  connection  with  thes-e  insti- 
tutions, and  the  attention  he  necessarily  gives  to 
his  various  interests.  General  Sprague  is  practi- 
cally retired  from  active  business.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Tacoma  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  and  was  president  of  that  body  dur- 
ing the  first  three  years  of  its  existence.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  having  been 
commander  of  the  Oregon  department  in  the 
first  year  of  its  existence,  and  when  the  Wash- 
ington department  was  organized  he  was  chosen 
as  its  first  connnander. 

June  22,  1843,  General  Sprague  was  married 
in  Huron,  Ohio,  to  Miss  Lucy,  daughter  of 
Judge  Jabez  Wright.  She  died  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  leaving  one  daughter,  Lucy  L.,  now 
the  wife  of  John  W.  Wickham,  Jr.,  of  Huron, 
Ohio.  January  10,  1849,  the  General  was 
married  to  Julia  F.,  daughter  of  Judge  George 
W.  Choate,  and  she  died  in  1887,  leaving  four 
children:  Otis,  Winthrop  W.,  Clark  W.,  and 
Charles.  He  was  married,  in  1890,  to  his  pres- 
ent wife,  who  was  formerly  Mrs.  Abljie 
(Wright)  Vance. 

General  Sprague's  whole  life  has  been  marked 
by  ]-esponsibility,  power,  energy  and  ability, 
and  he  has  left  his  impress  indelil)lj  upon  the 
history  of  the  State  of  Washington. 

Colonel  Chaitncet  Weight  Griggs,  presi- 
dent of   the   St.   Paul  it  Tacoma  Lumber  Com- 


pany, and  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  ot  Wash- 
ington, was  born  December  31,  1832,  in  Tolland, 
Connecticut,  which  place  has  been  for  four 
generations  the  family  seat.  The  founders  of 
the  family  came  to  America  early  in  its  history, 
and  their  descendants  have  since  figured  promi- 
nently in  church  matters,  in  politics,  in  business 
affairs,  and  in  the  various  wars  in  which  the 
country  has  been  involved. 

Captain  Chauncey  Griggs,  father  of  Colonel 
Griggs  ot  this  notice,  who  obtained  his  title  as 
an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  a  Judge  of 
Probate  at  Tolland  and  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  of  Connecticut  for  a  number  of  years. 
The  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was, 
previous  to  her  marriage,  Heartie  Dimock.  The 
Diinocksof  New  England,  through  Elder  Thomas 
Dimock,  an  early  settler  of  Barnstable,  Massa- 
chusetts, trace  tiieir  descent  from  the  Dimocks 
of  England,  who  from  the  time  of  Henry  I  to 
that  of  Victoria  have  held  and  exercised  the 
office  of  hereditary  champion  of  England,  and 
for  the  same  have  been  knighted  and  baroneted. 
The  Dimocks  were  prominent  in  the  Itevolu- 
tionary  war,  and  some  of  them  served  as  officers 
of  prominent  command.  Tlie  foregoing  items 
are  taken  from  published  volumes  of  Connecti- 
cut history  and  genealogy. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  com- 
mon-school education  at  Tolland,  and  at  about 
the  age  of  seventeen  years  went  to  Ohio,  where 
he  was  for  a  short  time  employed  as  a  clerk  in 
a  store.  Returning  home,  he  finished  his  edu- 
cation at  the  Monson  Academy,  in  Massachu- 
setts, at  that  time  one  of  the  best  institutions  of 
its  kind  in  New  England.  He  ■subse(|uently 
taught  school  for  a  while,  and  in  1S;51  went 
West,  first  settling  in  Detroit,  where  for  a  brief 
period  he  had  employment  in  a  bank,  after 
whicli  he  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business.  He  next  went  to  Iowa, 
from  which  State  he  returned  to  Detroit,  where 
he  was  for  a  time  interested  in  the  furniture 
business  with  his  brother.  Thence  he  went  to 
St.  Paul  in  18.50,  and  soon  was  busily  engrossed 


HIST0R7    OF    WASHINGTON. 


in  various  channels  of  commerce,  operating  a 
supply  store,  contracting,  speculating  in  real 
estate,  etc. 

The  breaking  out  of  the  late  war  aroused  his 
youthful  patriotism,  and  induced  him  to  lay 
aside  his  own  business  interests  and  unre- 
servedly give  his  services  to  his  country.  He  im- 
mediately set  about  organizing  a  company,  re- 
cruiting it  in  connection  with  other  ofhcers,  in 
various  portions  of  the  State,  into  which,  when 
organized,  he  was  mustered  a  private  with  Com- 
pany B,  of  the  Third  Minnesota  Infantry.  The 
regiment  proceeded  to  Kentucky,  where  for  six 
or  eight  months  it  was  stationed,  operating  near 
Louisville  and  in  Central  Kentucky,  looking 
after  the  pushing  ahead  of  supplies,  etc.  Sub- 
sequently the  command  was  advanced  into  Ten- 
nessee, the  subject  of  this  sketch  having  been 
in  the  meantime  promoted  to  Major  and  event- 
ually to  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  regiment.  He 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  regimental  Murfrees- 
borough,  but  soon  afterward  his  Colonel  being 
succeeded  by  General  Crittenden,  Colonel  Griggs 
was  returned  to  his  former  position.  The  regi- 
ment was  attacked  by  General  Forrest,  whose 
command  outnumbered  the  Federals  three  to 
one,  and  the  latter,  after  maintaining  for  several 
hours  an  unequal  combat,  were  forced  to  sur- 
render, but  against  the  vigorous  protest  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Griggs.  The  Colonel  had 
been  in  several  minor  engagements  previous  to 
this  one,  and  by  his  brave,  soldierly  conduct,  had 
earned  the  promotion  mentioned.  After  the 
surrender,  the  regiment  was  paroled  and  sent  to 
Missouri,  and  later  participated  in  the  Indian 
campaign  in  Minnesota.  The  officers,  however, 
went  forward  as  prisoners  of  war,  and  were  held 
for  three  months  at  Madisonville,  Georgia,  and 
thence  were  forwarded  via  South  Carolina  and 
Libby  Prison,  to  be  exchanged.  After  full  re- 
ports of  the  engagement  at  Murfreesborough  had 
been  made,  the  Colonel  and  those  who  had  voted 
for  surrender  were  dismissed,  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Griggs  was  promoted  to  the-Colonecy  of 
the  Third  Minnesota.  The  regiment  had  by 
this  time  been  through  the  Indian  campaign  and 


returned  to  the  South  via  Cairo,  proceeding  to 
Columbus,  Kentucky,  then  under  command  of 
General  A.  Smith.  From  the  latter  place.  Col- 
onel Griggs  was  sent  with  his  own  and  three 
other  regiments  and  a  battery  to  Forts  Henry 
and  Hindman,  to  drive  out  a  squad  of  rebels,  and 
the  Colonel  was  placed  in  command  of  a  military 
district  comprising  five  counties.  While  here 
in  command,  he  captured  Colonel  Dawson,  Ma- 
jor Magie  and  aljont  1,000  men,  as  well  as  some- 
thing like  $5,000,000  worth  of  cotton  and  salt. 
After  remaining  there  three  or  four  months,  he 
asked  to  be  sent  forward  to  the  front  at  Vicks- 
burg,  which  request  was  complied  with,  and  his 
command  was  placed  facing  Johnston's  army, 
near  Oak  Kidge,  where  it  remained  until  the 
capture  of  Vicksburg.  At  this  time  his  health 
was  very  poor,  and  believing  that  with  the  fall 
of  the  great  stronghold  of  the  Mississippi  and 
the  defeat  of  Gettysburg,  occurring  simultane- 
ously, the  war  to  be  virtually  over,  he  accepted 
the  suggestion  of  the  surgeon  of  the  regiment 
and  resigned  from  the  service,  as  all  officers  of 
depleted  regiments,  who  had  not  asked  to  resign 
before  Vicksburg,  were  freely  accommodated  by 
General  Grant.  Had  not  the  state  of  his  health 
impelled  his  resignation,  it  is  certain  he  would 
have  received  a  General's  commission. 

He  returned  to  Minnesota,  and  was  for  some 
years  situated  at  Chaska,  a  little  town  some 
thirty  miles  west  of  St.  Paul,  at  which  place  he 
engaged  in  brick-making,  dealing  in  wood,  con- 
tracting Government  supplies,  railroad  build- 
ing, etc.,  and  while  thei-e  he  also  represented  his 
county  in  the  State  Legislature.  In  1869,  he 
returned  to  St.  Paul,  where  his  progress  in  poli- 
tics and  business  was  rapid.  Until  1887,  he  was 
extensively  engaged  in  the  wood  and  coal  busi- 
ness, at  first  in  partnership  with  J.  J.  Hill,  now 
president  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  and 
later  with  General  R.  W.  Johnson,  and  finally 
with  A.  G.  Foster.  He  organized,  and  was  for 
some  time  pi-esidcnt  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  &  Iron 
Company,  but  in  the  spring  of  1887  he  sold  out 
his  entire  interests  in  the  coal,  iron  and  wood 
business.      While,  perhaps,   better  known  there 


IIIS70RT    OF    WASHIJ^OTON. 


in  connection  witli  liis  large  fuel  interests,  he 
has  been  identified  with  ni;inerons  other  ven- 
tures— in  fact,  anything  which  promised  good 
returns  from  energy  and  good  management.  He 
yet  remains  the  head  of  the  largest  wholesale 
grocery  house  in  St.  Paul.  In  1883,  with  others 
the  firm  of  Glidden,  Griggs  &  Co.  was  organ- 
ized, and  in  1884  Glidden  I'etired  and  the  firm 
became  Yanz,  Griggs  &  Howes.  In  1890  the 
interest  of  Howes  was  bought  out  arid  the  death 
of  Mr.  Yanz  occurring,  the  present  firm  of 
Griggs,  Cooper  &  Co.  was  formed,  constituting 
the  largest  wholesale  house  west  of  Chicago. 
Colonel  C.  W.  Griggs  and  D.  C.  Shepherd,  of 
St.  Paul,  are  the  leading  members  of  the  firm, 
hut  the  business  is  managed  Ipy  C.  M.  Griggs 
and  Mr.  Cooper. 

Colonel  Griggs  has  been  particularly  success- 
ful and  prominent  as  an  investor  in  lands,  hav- 
ing handled  much  property  in  the  Twin  Cities, 
and  throughout  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Wis- 
consin, but  later  his  investments  were  in  the 
pine  lands  in  Wisconsin  and  in  Washington 
property,  while  now  it  may  reasonably  be  said 
he  is  giving  most  of  his  personal  attention  to  his 
large  interests  in  AYashington. 

In  May,  1888,  Colonel  Griggs  and  Henry 
Hewitt,  Jr.,  formerly  of  Menasha,  Wisconsin, 
bought  from  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  con- 
tracts for  the  sale  of  some  80,000  acres  of  land 
and  timber  lying  near  the  city  of  Tacoma,  which 
is  said  to  be  the  finest  body  of  timber  land  in  the 
United  States,  and  will  cut  from  8,000,000,000 
to  10,000,000,000  feet. 

Associated  with  other  prominent  men  of  the 
East  and  West,  a  company  was  organized  which 
was  known  as  the  St.  Paul  and  Tacoma  Lumber 
Company,  with  Colonel  Griggs  as  president, 
which  began  business  as  lumber  manufacturers 
in  1888,  and  the  product  of  their  mills  in  Ta- 
coma is  now  shipped  over  the  entire  globe,  em- 
ploying from  1,000  to  8,000  men  daily  during 
portions  of  the  time. 


AYlien  it  is  remembered  that  Colonel  Gr 


gg« 


had  already    made  his  millions,  and  at  the  time 
of  the  preceding  purchase  was  fifty-six  years  of 


age,  the  energy  and  ambition  which  impelled 
him  to  embark  in  these  enterprises  and  become 
a  pioneer  in  a  new  home  and  new  industry  may 
be  better  appreciated. 

Colonel  Griggs  has  been  for  years  prominent 
in  banking  circles,  being  stockholder  and  di- 
rector of  three  banks  and  president  of  one.  He 
is  a  director  in  the  First  and  Second  National 
Banks  of  St.  Paul,  and  was  vice-president  of  the 
St.  Paul  National  while  he  lived  there,  and  a  di- 
rector in  the  Traders'  Pank  and  Fidelity  Trust 
Company  of  Tacoma.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Bitumious  Paving  Company,  vice-president  of 
the  Tacoma  Fishing  Company,  and  a  member  of 
the  Crescent  Creamery  Company.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Pacific  &  Chehalis  Land  Company, 
which  now  owns  20,000  acres  in  the  counties 
whose  names  are  borne  by  the  company,  and  is 
besides  this  interested  in  a  number  of  other  im- 
portant corporations. 

Colonel  Griggs  was  married  April  14,  1859, 
to  Miss  Martha  Ann  Gallup,  a  native  of  Led- 
yard,  Connecticut,  and  a  daughter  of  Christopher 
M.  and  Anna  (Billings)  Gallup,  both  of  whom 
were  born  at  Ledyard,  and  both  belonging  to  old 
New  England  families,  which  furnished  their 
quotas  of  patriots  during  the  Pevolutionary 
struggle.  A  portion  of  Mr.  Gallup's  farm  is  a 
portion  of  the  old  Pequod  grant.  Mrs.  Griggs 
is  a  lady  of  culture  and  education  and  is  en- 
titled to  a  sliare  of  credit  for  her  husband's  suc- 
cess in  life.  She  has  been  active  in  woman's 
work  all  her  life  and  is  known  in  her  old  home 
at  St.  Paul,  as  well  as  in  Tacoma,  as  a  leader  in 
church  and  charitalile  work.  In  St.  Paul  she 
was  a  leading  spirit  in  the  management  in  the 
Protestant  Orphan's  Asylum,  and  was  for  many 
years  the  honored  president  of  its  governing 
board.  To  Mrs.  Griggs  no  call  upon  her  time, 
energy  and  purse  was  was  ever  made  in  vain, 
when  the  cause  was  one  worthy  the  support  of  a 
noble,  high-minded  woman.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Griggs  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Chauncey  Milton,  Herbert  Stanton,  Heartie 
Dimock,  Everett  Gallup,  Theodore  AV^right  and 
Anna  Billines. 


HISTORY    OF    WASniJ^GTON. 


In  closing  the  brief  sketch  of  Colonel  Griggs, 
a  reference  to  his  political  affiliations  is  titting. 
He  has  always  been  a  strong. supporter  of  the 
Democratic  party  and  its  principles,  but  withal 
conservative,  never  upholding  a  corrupt  official. 
While  residing  in  Minnesota,  he  was  twice  a 
member  of  the  Honee  of  Representatives  and 
three  times  Senator,  was  a  member  of  the  City 
'  Council  of  St.  Panl  seven  times,  besides  holding 
many  other  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  In 
Washington,  he  at  once  took  front  rank  as  a 
representative  of  the  Democratic  party  and  be- 
came its  candidate  for  United  States  Senator  in 
1889  and  airain  in   1893. 


In  his  various  enterprises,  Colonel  Griggs  has 
employed  more  labor  than  any  man  in  the  State 
of  Washington,  and  it  is  universally  conceded 
that  his  empL)yes  have  been  among 'the  best 
paid  and  best  treated  men  in  the  State.  That 
the  consideration  shown  them  lias  been  appre- 
ciated, is  shown  by  the  fact  that  in  all  the  vast 
work  performed  for  him  by  others  there  has  never 
been  a  hint  of  trouble  about  pay  or  treatment,  a 
really  remarkable  treatment  when  compared 
with  many  other  employing  bodies.  Every 
man  who  exhibits  such  care  for  the  laborer  is  a 
laborer  himself. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES,  CONTINUED. 
SEATTLE. 

The  Historical  City — Phenomenal  Gkowtu — Advantageous  Location — Industries — Social 
AND  Educational  Advanta(;es — Great  Fire — Scenery — Sketch  of  Henry  L.  Yksler — 
Sketch  of  Colonel  G.  O.  IIaller — Sketch  of  G.   F.  Whitworth,  D.  D. 


THE  history  of  Seattle  comes  nearer  being 
tlie  history  of  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  Washington,  of  which  it  is  un- 
doubtedly the  chief  city,  than  does  that 
of  any  other  city  of  the  State.  The  names  of  its 
pioneers,  and  the  incidents  attending  its  settle- 
ment, have  necessarily  entered  into  the  warp 
and  woof  of  our  entire  history.  Very  few  of 
the  thrilling  experiences  of  real  pioneer  life  en- 
tered into  the  settlement  or  growth  of  the  cities 
that  sprung  up  with,  or  subsequent  to,  the  era 
of  railroads.  Around  Seattle  clusters  the  mem- 
ories of  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  the  real  pio- 
neer history  before  Tacoma  or  Spokane  or 
twenty  of  the  other  thriving  cities  east  and  west 
of  the  Cascade  mountains  had  a  name  upon  the 
map.  Its  history  dates  further  back  than  does 
that  of  Omaha,  Topeka  or  Denver.  The  world 
has  been  so  long  accustomed  to  read  its  name  on 
commercial  lists,  and  for  so  many  decades  have 


the  census  reports  recorded  its  progress  that  the 
romance  of  newness  and  suddenness  does  not 
cling  to  it.  Its  place  is  fixed,  like  that  of  fixed 
stars  that  never  change  nor  cease  to  shine,  and 
all  the  world  knows  where  to  look  for  Seattle. 
Still,  we  cannot  satisfy  the  justice  of  history 
without  some  more  particular  exhibition  of  what 
this  wonderful  and  progressive  city  has  been  in 
the  past,  is  now,  and  is  to  be  in  the  future. 

The  growth  of  Seattle  has  been  phenomenal 
for  the  last  decade.  While  it  kept  full  pace  with 
the  Tei'ritory  for  the  fir&t  quarter  of  a  century 
of  its  existence,  it  never  realized  the  strength  of 
the  giant  life  within  it  until  after  1880  had 
come  and  gone.  Then,  in  ten  years  it  leaped 
at  once  from  three  and  a  half  thousand  people 
up  to  thesplendid  figure  of  45,000 — over  eleven- 
fold increase  in  ten  years.  At  this  writing,  in 
midsummer  of  1893,  the  population  of  the  city 
must  have  reached  50,000  at  the  least, 


HI  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Cointnercially,  a  writer  very  conservatively 
says  of  it: — 

Owing  to  advantageous  harbor  location,  tlie 
proximity  of  coal  and  timber,  it  !)eing  the  cen- 
ter and  point  of  distribution  for  milling  points 
and  logging  camps,  the  larger  portion  of  steam- 
boats engaged  in  the  Sound  trade  made  it  their 
starting  point,  and  to  such  fact  may  be  attril)- 
uted  its  commercial  supremacy.  Over  thirty 
steamboats,  of  every  size,  run  from  here  to  every 
point  on  the  Sound  and  upon  the  navigable 
waters  tributary  to  it.  Ocean  steamships  and 
l;.\rge  steam  colliers  regulai'ly  communicate  with 
San  Francisco.  A  fleet  of  sailing  vessels  ti-ans- 
port  its  coal,  lumber,  grain  and  other  products. 
Its  industries  include  sawmills,  shingle  mills, 
sash  and  door  factories,  breweries,  furniture 
factories,  iron  works,  brick  yards,  electric  light 
and  gas  works,  car  shops,  boiler  works;  crackers, 
soap,  ice,  candy  and  tile  are  manufactured. 
There  are  also  canneries,  meat-packing,  box- 
making,  wood-working  of  all  descriptions,  ship 
and  boat  building,  flouring  mills,  bottling 
works,  cigar-making,  brass  foundries  and  cur- 
nice  factories.  The  water  supply  is  pumped 
from  Lake  Washington  into  elevated  reservoirs, 
the  highest  being  380  feet.  There  are  fire  hy- 
drants and  steam  tire  engines,  with  an  etlicient 
paid  fire  department. 

Terms  of  United  States  Circuit  and  District 
Court  are  held.  A  United  States  land  utiice, 
the  Board  of  United  States  Inspectors  of  Steam 
Vessels  for  this  State  and  Alaska,  and  a  branch 
of  the  Customs  House  and  Marine  Hopital  are 
located  here.  Every  religious  denomination 
has  its  organization.  There  are  tifty-six 
churches,  two  hospitals,  an  orphans'  home,  the 
Sisters'  convent  and  academy,  and  other  denom- 
inational schools.  All  the  fraternities  and  so- 
cieties are  represented.  The  State  University  is 
also  here;  recent  appropriations  of  land  and 
money  must  be  a  guarantee  of  its  future  useful- 
ness as  an  institution  of  learning. 

Over  sixty  n)iles  of  ekctric  and  cable  car 
lines,  newspapers  and  magazines  without  rest, 
of  every  denomination,   nationality  and  degree, 


in  daily,  weekly  and  monthly  issues,  and  eleven 
public-school  edifices  attest  the  condition  of  the 
city. 

On  June  6,  1889,  the  city  of  Seattle  was  vis- 
ited by  a  conflagration  that  has  no  equal  in  the 
history  of  fires  on  the  Pacific  Coast;  and  this 
great  waste  of  flames  has  frequently  been  li- 
kened to  the  great  Chicago  tire.  The  entii-e 
business  portion  of  Seattle  was  destroyed,  the 
total  loss  being  estimated  at  $15,000,000.  In- 
side of  four  years,  however,  the  city  has  been  re- 
built with  finer  structures,  wider  streets,  and  in 
many  ways  the  great  fire  has  proved  a  blessing 
in  disguise. 

Seattle  has  been  described  so  often  and  so 
much  has  been  written  as  to  the  Ijeauty  of  its 
scenery  both  near  and  distant,  that  it  would  ap- 
pear a  superfluity  to  attempt  another  description 
here.  Yet,  as  in  some  respects  its  surroundings 
are  unlike  those  of  any  other  of  the  principal 
cities  of  the  Sound,  we  may  venture  a  para- 
graph or  two  concerning  it. 

In  general  its  scenery  has  tlia  same  expanse 
and  mingling  of  Sound  and  mountains  that  has 
all  the  cities  of  the  Sound.  Rising  up  the  ter- 
raced slopes  of  the  inside  of  an  amphitheatre 
of  lofty  hills  that  sweep  about  Elliott's  bay,  on 
the  east  side  of  Fuget  Sound,  the  city  stands 
row  above  row,  clear  tiom  the  tide  on  the  beach 
to  the  summits  of  the  ridge.  Then  it  stretches 
away  eastward  across  a  leather  level  plateau, 
three  miles  or  more,  clear  to  the  shores  of  Lake 
Washington.  A  more  beautiful  body  of  water 
never  mirrored  back  the  stars  than  this.  It 
stretches  miles  away  eastward,  northward,  south- 
ward, swinging  its  crystal  brightness  about  the 
feet  of  the  evergreen  hills  that  margin  its  wil- 
lowed  shores,  and  catching  and  reflecting  all 
their  beauty  of  bough  and  leaf,  with  the  over- 
arching greenness  of  the  hemlock  and  the  fir 
upon  the  vision  of  the  beholder.  North  and 
west  of  this,  almost  linking  it  with  the  waters 
of  the  Sound,  is  Lake  Union,  smaller,  though 
not  less  beautiful  than  itself.  From  every 
point  and  place  within  the  area  thr.s  enclosed, 
looking  westward  across  the  blue  leagues  of  the 


HISTORY     OF     WASniNGTON. 


Sound,  the  beautiful  Olympic  range  divides  be- 
tween the  waters  and  the  sky.  Sharply  pin- 
nacled, some  peaks  touching  the  zone  of  per- 
petual snow,  this  is  the  ideal  mountain  range  of 
tlie  Pacific  coast.  Probably  tlie  vision  of  over 
a  hundred  miles  of  its  ever-changing  grandeur 
can  be  gathered  at  once  within  the  focus  of  the 
eye.  It  holds  the  vision  in  thrall  alike  when  its 
pinnacles  flame  with  the  earliest  touch  of  the 
morning,  or  at  high  noon,  when  its  deep  gorges 
and  the  worn  and  rent  paths  of  its  old  glaciers 
are  illumined  with  the  ilood  of  day,  or  at  even- 
ing after  the  sun  has  gone  down  behind  its  ser- 
rated summits  and  the  last  arrows  of  his  light 
are  shooting  up  from  behind  their  sombre 
heights;  in  the  calm  of  the  motionless  air  of  a 
summer  rejjose,  or  in  the  whirl  and  ch  .rge  and 
thunder  of  a  winter's  storm — always  this  won- 
derful scene  holds  the  soul  of  the  beholder  with 
a  strange,  sweet,  weird,  bewildering  attraction. 
A  poet  might  here  catch  transcendent  images 
for  a  thousand  "Songs  of  the  Sierras,"  though 
he  could  not  brgathe  in  measures  all  that  sung 
within  him.  With  its  soft  and  beautiful  name, 
which  itself  is  an  idyl  heroic  with  the  memory 
of  a  departed  people  who  once  dwelt  upon  its 
site;  with  its  splendid  architecture,  its  rushing 
paves,  its  fleets  coming  and  going  on  every  tide, 
its  past  story  of  achievement  and  its  prophecy 
of  greater  future  progress,  our  pen  must  take  a 
reluctant  farewell  of  this  city  that  "  sits  like  a 
queen"  on  her  templed  hills  by  this  "Mediterra- 
nean of  the  West." 

The  history  and  life  of  Seattle,  like  those  of 
all  other  cities  or  countries,  ai-e  best  illustrated 
by  the  men  who  made  such  history  and  life. 
Three  men,  typical  of  the  forces  and  character 
that  have  wrought  the  Seattle  of  1893  out  of 
the  rough  Seattle  of  1853,  in  addition  to  some 
whose  lives  have  been  sketched  elsewhere  in  this 
book,  will  serve  as  our  illustrations.  The  flrst 
on  our  list  is 

Henky  Leiter  Yesler. — Mr.  Yesler  was 
born  in  Leitersburg,  Maryland,  December  4, 
1810.  His  parents,  Henry  and  Catherine 
(Leiter)    Yesler,   were  natives  of    Pennsylvania 


and  Leitersburg,  respectively,  the  latter  town 
having  been  founded  by  the  Leiter  family. 
Hejiry  L.  was  educated  in  the  little,  old,  log 
schoolhouse  of  the  town,  and  was  reared  upon 
his  father's  farm.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
entered  upon  a  three  years'  apprenticeship  to 
the  trade  of  house  joiner,  compensation  for  his 
services  being  his  board,  twenty-tive  dollars  in 
cash  each  year  for  clothes,  and  two  weeks'  holi- 
day each  year  daring  harvesting,  when  he  worked 
in  the  field  with  the  sickle  and  earned  good 
wages.  After  completing  his  apprenticeship, 
he  worked  as  journeyman  until  1832,  when  he 
started  out  in  life,  his  trade  and  a  few  tools 
being  his  capital  stock.  Going  to  Massillon, 
Ohio,  he  worked  one  year.  Then  he  went  to 
Cincinnati  and  later  to  Natchez,  Mississippi. 
In  April,  1835,  he  went  down  the  river  to  New 
Orleans,  thence  by  railroad — the  first  he  had 
ever  ridden  upon — to  Mobile,  thence  by  packet 
ship  to  New  York,  arriving  just  after  the  big 
fire  and  hoping  to  find  plenty  of  work;  but  help 
was  plentiful  and  wages  low,  and  after  a  few 
months  he  decided  to  return  to  Leitersburg, 
which  he  did,  going  via  Philadelphia,  Baltimore 
and  Washington  city.  Remaining  until  Sep- 
tember, 1837,  he  again  visited  Natchez,  but, 
meeting  with  an  accident,  he  returned  to  Mas- 
sillon, Ohio,  and  there,  in  partnership  with 
Thomas  Richmond,  he  opened  a  shop  and  en- 
gaged in  general  house  carpentering.  He  con- 
tinued work  at  house  and  mill  building  until 
1851,  when  he  decided  to  make  a  prospecting 
tour  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

Arrangin_g  matters  for  the  comfort  of  his 
family,  he  having  been  married  several  years 
previous  to  this  time,  he  went  to  New  York 
and  there  took  steamer,  via  the  Isthmus  route, 
for  San  Francisco,  whence,  after  a  short  stop, 
he  continued  his  journey  to  Portland,  landing 
at  that  place  iu  April,  1851.  Portland  was 
then  a  hard-looking  town,  but  wages  were  high, 
and  at  sis  dollars  per  day  he  immediately  be- 
gan work  as  millwright.  Being  a  good  mechanic 
and  hard  worker,  he  was  a  favorite  hand  and 
was  steadily  employed.    As  sqnsred  lumber  was 


IIISrOllT    OF     WASniNOTON. 


then  bringing  a  large  price  in  San  Francisco, 
he  ordered  a  sawmill  outfit  from  Ohio  to  come 
by  water  aroimd  Cape  Horn,  and  he  started  for 
California  in  April,  1852,  to  look  for  a  place  to 
locate  his  mill.  Finding,  however,  that  trans- 
portation to  the  mountains  was  very  expensive, 
he  decided  to  visit  Piiget  Sound.  At  San  Fran- 
cisco he  met  a  sea  captain  who  had  visited  the 
Sound  for  piling,  and  he  advised  Mr.  Yesler  to  go 
above  New  York  on  Alki  Point,  and  described 
to  him  the  adjacent  river  and  large  inland  lakes. 
Returning  to  Portland,  he  came  thence,  by 
the  Columbia  and  Cowlitz  rivers  and  pack- 
horses,  to  Olympia  in  the  fall  of  1852.  The 
only  hotel  there  was  kept  by  Gallagher  Brothers, 
and  the  beds  in  this  rude  hotel  were  bunks 
around  the  wall,  filled  with  straw,  and  each  man 
was  expected  to  furnish  his  own  blanket.  Con- 
tinuing his  journey  up  the  Sound  Mr.  Yesler 
duly  arrived  at  New  York,  and,  after  looking 
over  the  shore  front  and  country,  first  located 
his  claim  at  the  head  of  the  bay;  but  the  few 
settlers  located  upon  the  present  site  of  what  is 
now  Seattle,  learning  of  his  attention  to  erect 
a  sawmill,  induced  him  to  settle  with  them,  and 
by  readjusting  their  claims  he  was  allowed  a 
strip  about  thirty  rods  wide,  extending  from  the 
water  front  back  over  the  hills  where  was  lo- 
cated the  bulk  of  his  claim.  He  then  erected 
iiis  little  mill  on  what  is  now  known  as  Pioneer 
Square,  it  being  the  first  steam  sawmill  built 
upon  Pnget  Sound;  and  he  commenced  oper- 
ations in  March,  1853.  The  only  available 
help  being  Indians,  he  employed  a  large  num- 
ber of  them.  By  kind  treatment  to  them  he 
gained  their  confidence  and  friendship,  and  du- 
ring the  troublous  days  of  1855  and  1856, 
through  his  relation  with  them  he  was  enabled 
to  render  great  service  to  the  Territory,  saving 
the  settlement  from  massacre  by  timely  warn- 
ing sent  to  the  naval  authorities  upon  the 
sloop  Decatur,  then  lying  at  anchor  in  the  har- 
bor. His  own  Indians  remained  neutral  dur- 
ing the  trouble.  After  peace  was  declared, 
Mr.  Yesler  continued  his  lumberiiig  interests, 
and,  by  oft'ering  inducements    to    new    settlers, 


and  by  attracting  the  older  merchants  to  his 
locality,  he  gradually  entered  about  himself  the 
business  portion  of  the  city.  He  was  ever 
ready  to  erect  buildings  to  accommodate  the 
would-be  settler,  thus  developing  the  city  and 
increasing  his  own  property  values  and  rentals. 
He  was  one  of  the  heaviest  losers  by  the  great 
fire  of  June  6,  1889,  which  reduced  his 
monthly  rentals  from  $6,000  to  $50  per  month; 
but,  with  that  indomital)le  energy  which  char- 
acterized the  citizens  of  Seattle  at  that  time, 
ere  the  embers  had  ceased  to  smolder,  his  plans 
were  made  to  rebuild  upon  a  more  magnificent 
scale  than  ever  before,  and  the  Pioneer  Build- 
ing on  "  Pioneer  Place  "  — erected  upon  the  site 
of  his  first  humble  dwelling  in  Seattle,  which 
he  occupied  for  twenty-five  years  —  is  charac- 
terized by  solidity  and  elegance,  and  would  do 
credit  to  any  of  the  great  cities.  The  Yesler 
Building,  another  monument  to  his  industry 
and  enterprise,  and  numerous  other  buildings 
of  less  pretention,  bring  him  large  monthly 
rentals.  In  1885  he  built  his  present  spacious 
and  magnificent  residence,  which  is  handsomely 
and  substantially  finished  in  the  native  woods 
of  the  Pacific  coast. 

With  the  organization  of  the  territory  of 
Washington,  Mr.  Yesler  was  appointed  the 
first  Auditor,  and  held  the  office  several  years. 
He  has  been  Commissioner  of  King  county  for 
several  terms  and  has  twice  served  as  Mayor  of 
Seattle.  He  was  formerly  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics, but  since  the  Buchanan  campaign  and  the 
Civil  war  he  has  been  allied  with  the  Republi- 
can party.  He  is  not,  however,  an  intense 
partisan  and  never  had  any  desire  for  political 
distinction,  his  time  having  been  too  closely 
occupied  with  his  business  afi^airs.  With  the 
great  tide  of  emigration  to  the  Sound,  his 
property  has  increased  in  value.  Much  of  it 
has  been  sold,  but  he  still  retains  a  large  part 
of  his  original  claim  in  the  very  heartof  the  city. 
1839,  to  Miss  Sarah  Burgert,  a  native  of  Ohio, 

Mr.  Yesler  was  married  at  Maasillion,  in 
who  shared  with  him  the  privations  and  trials 
of  pioneer  life  and  also  the  prosperity  of  later 


IHSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


years,  ever  proving  herself  an  amiable  and  no- 
ble woman.  She  was  greatly  beloved  and  re- 
spected for  her  charitable  and  genial  disposition. 
They  had  two  children,  both, of  whom  died  at 
an  early  age,  and  in  Angnst,  1887,  she  followed 
the  little  ones  to  their  last  resting  place.  Mr. 
Yesler  was  again  married,  in  Philadelphia,  in 
1890,  to  Miss  Minnie  Gagle,  a  native  of  Leiters- 
biirg,  Maryland,  and  she  died  December  16,1892. 

It  is  impossible  to  fittingly  portray  so  event- 
ful a  life  in  the  confines  of  a  brief  biography. 
Mr.  Yesler  has  been  foremost  in  every  enter- 
prise, with  financial  aid  and  physical  snpport, 
in  bnilding  up  the  great  Northwest.  Many 
struggling  industries  date  their  growth  to  his 
nurturing  care  and  snpport.  Though  now  in 
liis  eighty-second  year,  Mr.  Yesler  is  buoyant 
in  spirit,  and,  physically  and  mentally,  displays 
an  interest  in  life  and  affairs  nsnally  found  in 
men  when  in  the  jjrime'of  their  usefulness.  He 
will  leave  upon  his  time  the  impress  of  a  strong 
personality  and  will  ever  be  noted  as  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  great  Northwest. 

Colonel  Gkanville  O.  Haller. —  Among 
the  men  whose  lives  have  been  largely  spent  in 
the  military  service,  there  are  few  living  whose 
personal  experience  covers  a  broader  range  of 
usefulness  than  he  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch.  His  sagacity  and  judgment  were 
powerful  agencies  in  reclaiming  the  lands  of 
Florida  fro.m  the  reign  of  savage  barbarism. 
Again,  in  the  Northwest  Territory,  during  the 
reign  of  terror  from  Indian  depredations,  in 
1855  and  1856,  his  wisdom  and  experience  were 
towers  of  strength  in  recovering  the  country 
from  savage  rule  and  preserving  it  for  settlement 
to  the  honest,  industrious,  law-abiding  pioneer. 

Granville  O.  Haller  was  born  in  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, January  31,  1819.  His  parents, 
(ieorge  and  Susan  (Pennington)  Haller,  were 
natives  of  the  same  locality.  To  them  were 
bom  five  children,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
youngest  and  is  now  the  only  survivor.  The 
death  of  George  Haller,  in  1821,  left  the  widow 
and  fouryoung  children  in  limited  circumstances; 
but  she  was  possessed  with  a  strong  character  and 


a  devout,  religions  nature,  and  heroically  took 
np  the  responsibility  which  fell  to  lier  and 
reared  her  children  in  comfort,  giving  them  a 
liberal  education.  It  was  her  desire  that  Gran- 
ville be  fitted  for  the  ministry.  He,  however, 
feeling  in  no  sense  drawn  toward  that  profes- 
sion, could  not  conform  to  his  mother's  wishes. 
A  military  career  was  more  in  keeping  with 
his  desire,  and  in  1839  a  vacancy  occurring  in 
the  cadetship  belonging  to  his  district  at  the 
West  Point  Military  Academy,  he,  with  others, 
became  an  applicant  for  the  place.  The  Secre- 
tary of  War,  Hon.  Joel  R.  Poinsett,  decided 
that  the  applicant  receiving  the  endorsement  of 
the  Representatives  of  the  district  should  re- 
ceive the  appointment.  Yoxing  Haller  was 
thereupon  recommended,  but  through  the  in- 
tervention of  political  influence  his  appoint 
ment  was  defeated.  He  was  then  invited  to  ap- 
pear before  a  board  of  military  officers,  which 
met  in  Washington,  for  examination  as  to  his 
fitness  for  a  military  profession.  Haller  pre- 
sented himself,  was  examined,  and  on  Novem- 
ber 17,  1839,  was  commissioned  a  Second  Lieu- 
teuj^nt  in  the  Fourth  Regiment,  United  States 
Infantry,  although  at  the  time  he  was  not  quite 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then  passed  some 
time  at  Madison  Barracks,  New  York,  in  re- 
ceiving initiatory  instructions  in  tactics.  Later 
lie  went  to  Governor's  Island,  his  company  be- 
ing in  command  of  Captain  Braxton  Bragg, 
who  became  prominent  in  the  Confederate  serv- 
ice during  the  Civil  war.  In  the  summer  of 
1840,  Lieutenant  Haller  was  ordered  to  Carlisle 
Barracks,  and,  in  company  with  Brevet  Major 
William  M.  Graham,  look  charge  of  a  large 
number  of  dragoon  recruits  and  conducted  them 
to  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  which,  at  that 
time,  was  well  into  the  Indian  country.  Turn- 
ing over  the  recruits,  they  proceeded  by  wagon 
over  the  military  road  to  Fort  Gibson,  and 
there  joined  their  regiments.  The  regiment 
was  subsequently  (1841)  ordered  into  Florida, 
where  they  renewed  their  struggles  against  the 
Indians  in  what  is  known  as  the  "  Seven  Years' 
War,"  lasting  from  1836  to  1843. 


ffffl 

It 


K 


^. 


-1  c^ 


IIISTOHY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Lieutenant  Haller's  first  active  service  was  in 
1841  and  1842.  He  was  with  Brevet  Major 
Belknap,  Third  Infantry,  when  fired  upon  by 
the  Indians  in  the  Big  Cypress  Swamp,  and 
with  Colonel  "Worth,  Eighth  Infantry,  at  the 
action  of  Palakikaha  swamp,  wliich  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  Tnstenngwee's  band,  ending  the 
Florida  war.  Lieutenant  Ilaller  was  Adjutant 
of  the  Fourth  Infantry  from  January  1,  1843, 
until  he  resigned  September  10,  1845,  and  was 
promoted  to  be  First  Lieutenant  July  12,  1846. 
He  was  Brigade  Major  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
United  States  Regulars,  under  General  Taylor, 
when  in  Texas  in  1845,  and  was  subsequently 
relieved  and  assigned  to  duty  as  Assistant  Cona- 
missary  of  Subsistence  to  the  Third  Brigade. 
He  received  and  receipted  for  all  tlie  provisions 
issued  to  Genei-al  Taylor's  command  when  leav- 
ing Brazos  St.  lajo  for  the  new  fort  opposite 
Matamoras.  He  participated  in  the  fight  of  the 
8th  of  May  at  Balo  Alto,  as  a  mounted  staff  offi- 
cer to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Garland,  command- 
ing the  Third  Brigade.  His  subsistence  stores 
were  undisturbed  by  the  enemy,  also  at  Resaca 
de  la  I'alma  on  the  9th,  and  received  and  took 
up,  upon  his  returns  of  commissary  stores,  im- 
mense quantities  of  provisions  captured  from 
the  Mexican  army.  He  served  under  General 
Taylor  in  Mexico  until  after  the  capture  of 
Monterey,  when  the  Fourth  Infantry  was  trans- 
ferred to  General  Worth's  division  and  ordered 
to  Vera  Cruz  to  join  General  Scott's  command. 
Lieutenant  Haller  now  relinquished  commissary 
duties  and  assumed  command  of  his  company. 
From  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  until  the  capture 
of  Mexico  he  participated  in  all  the  battles  on 
the  route  and  in  the  valley  of  Mexico.  In  the 
attack  upon  the  fortification  of  San  Antonio, 
August  23,  1847,  he  is  noticed  as  in  command 
of  his  company  and  with  other  officers  of  the 
regiment,  among  whom  was  Second  Lieutenant 
U.  S.  Grant,  Regimental  Quartermaster,  and 
was  mentioned  as  having  rendered  efficient  serv- 
ice. He  was  one  of  the  storming  party  of  El 
Molino  del  Rey,  September  8,  1847,  having 
charge,  with  another  officer,  of  a   detail   of  100 


men,  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
was  breveted  Captain.  At  the  battle  of  Cha- 
pultepec,  September  13,  1847,  Lieutenant  Haller 
is  especially  mentioned  in  the  report  of  Brevet 
Colonel  John  Garland  as  having  shown  "  evi- 
dence of  courage  and  good  conduct,"  and  for 
his  service  upon  this  occasion  he  was  breveted 
Major.  Shortly  before  the  close  of  the  Mexican 
war,  January  1,  1848,  Lieutenant  Haller  was 
promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  the  Fourth  Infantry. 
For  a  time  he  was  employed  at  mastering  out 
men  who  had  enlisted  during  the  war,  after 
■which  he  was  assigned  to  recruitiilg  duty. 

In  1852  Brevet  Major  Larned's  and  Hal- 
ler's companies  were  .ordered  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Pacific.  They  sailed  in  the  United 
States  store-  ship  Fredonia,  via  Cape  Horn,  ar- 
riving at  San  Francisco  in  June,  1853,  having 
spent  seven  months  upon  the  voyage.  Major 
Larned's  company  proceeded  to  Fort  Steilacoom, 
Washington  Territory,  and  Haller's  company  to 
Fort  Dalles,  Oregon.  Toward  the  fall  of  1854 
a  small  company  of  emigrants,  consisting  of  a 
Mr.  Ward,  his  family  and  a  few  others,  were 
murdered  by  the  hostile  Indians  at  Boise  river. 
Major  Haller  with  a  small  detachment  (twenty- 
six  enlisted  men,  half  of  the  garrison  at  Fort 
Dalles,  Oregon)  was  dispatched  to  guard  the 
emigrants  and,  if  possible,  to  chastise  the  inur- 
derers.  On  the  route  he  was  joined  by  Captain 
Nathan  OIney  and  a  number  of  citizens  who 
volunteered  to  resent  the  attack  of  Indians  upon 
the  immigrants,  whose  numbers  were  increased 
by  emigrants  on  the  road.  They  arrested  four 
Indians  at  the  Hudson  Bay  Fort  Boise,  who  had 
been  charged  with  the  murder,  and  were  tried  be- 
fore a  military  commission,  and  each  admitted  his 
share  in  the  massacre.  One  made  an  attempt 
to  escape,  and  was  shot  dead  by  the  guard. 
The  otlier  three  were  hanged  on  the  naassacro 
grounds  within  sight  of  the  pyramid  of  bones 
of  their  victims.  Others  of  the  hostile  band 
were  captured,  and  two  while  trying  to  escape 
were  hanged.  Thus  the  band  of  murderers  was 
broken  up,  and  Major  Haller  returned  with  his 
command  to    Fort     Dalles.      In    1855,    with  a 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


respectable  force,  ho  proceeded  as  far  as  Salmon 
Falls  on  the  Suake  river,  where  it  was  ascer- 
tained that  some  of  the  assassins  had  jnst 
left  with  a  shod  horse  and  a  inula  belonging 
to  the  Ward  party  scouted  to  the  heat  waters 
of  the  Missouri  river,  following  the  tracks  of 
the  murderers.  On  the  return  trip  these  In- 
dians were  captured,  the  guilty  hanged  and 
the  rest  brought  back  as  prisoners. 

Upon  his  return,  he  found  the  old  friends  of 
the  whites  greatly  excited,  the  Yakima  Indians 
under  arms  and  the  Indian  agent,  Bolen,  had 
been  murdered.  Major  Haller  with  a  small 
force  proceeded  to  the  Yakima  country,  meet- 
ing the  Indians  near  the  present  site  of  Fort 
Simcoe,  where  the  fighting  commenced,  but 
his  little  band  of  100  men  against  1,500 
Indians  was  unevenly  matched  and  a  retreat 
for  an  increased  force  became  necessary.  He, 
however,  discovered  the  well-laid  plans  of  the 
Indians  for  making  war,  and  this  intelligence 
aroused  the  people  to  a  realization  of  their  dan- 
ger, and  the  (Toveruors  of  Oregon  and  "Washing-- 
ton  called  for  volunteers.  With  a  concerted 
jjiovement  the  Indians  were  ultimately  over- 
come and  scattered. 

The  details  of  this  war  being  elsewhere  given 
in  this  history  we  will  now  pass  on  to  the  spring 
of  1856,  when  Major  Haller  was  ordered  to  estab- 
lish a  fort  near  Port  Townsend  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  inhabitants  in  the  event  of  a  raid 
from  the  Northern  Indians.  He  subsequently 
relieved  Whatcom  when  invaded  by  the  Nook- 
sack  Indians;  participated  in  the  San  Juan  im- 
broglio in  1859;  was  ordered  to  Fort  Mojave, 
Arizona,  in  1860,  and  to  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia,  in  1861,  to  participate  in  the  war 
for  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion. 

Upon  arrival  at  Washington,  our  subject 
found  he  had  been  promoted  to  be  Major  of  the 
Seventh  Infantry,  September  25,  1861.  The 
members  of  this  regiment  had  become  prisoners 
of  war  in  Texas  and  were  not  at  liberty  to  fight 
the  enemy  until  exchanged.  Thereupon  he  re- 
ported to  General  McClellan,  who  attached  him 
to  the  provost-marshal-general's  staff  (General 


Andrew  Porter).  Shortly  afterward  he  was  ap- 
pointed Commandant-General  of  the  general 
headquarters,  and  attached  to  General  McClel- 
lan's  staff,  having  under  his  command  in  that 
capacity  the  Ninety-third  Regiment  of  Now 
York  Volunteers.  He  was  thus  employed 
throughout  the  Virginia  and  Mai-yland  cam- 
paign. In  July,  1863,  Major  Haller  was  re- 
lieved from  service,  accused  of  "  disloyal  conduct 
and  the  utterance  of  disloyal  sentiments." 

Astonished  beyond  measure,  he  demanded  an 
investigation  and  hearing,  butiu  the  excitement 
of  the  war  his  efforts  were  unsuccessful,  and 
even  after  the  war  his  appeal  was  not  recognized 
until  in  March,  1879,  when  Congress  allowed  a 
court  of  inquiry.  He  was  tried  at  Washington 
city,  when  the  official  papers  in  his  case  were 
submitted  to  the  coi;rt  and  where  for  the  first 
time  he  was  permitted  to  read  the  original  order 
of  his  dismissal,  which  was  the  fiat  of  Secretary 
Stanton,  and  not  President  Lincoln.  The  in- 
vestigation of  the  matter  was  continued  for  sev- 
eral days,  many  witnesses  were  examined  and 
the  most  searching  inquiry  was  made  of  all  the 
facts  in  the  ease.  The  findings  of  the  court, 
after  this  careful  and  thorough  investigation, 
concluded  as  follows:  "The  court  finds  that 
Major  Granville  O.  Haller,  late  of  the  Seventh 
United  States  Infantry,  was  dismissed  for  dis- 
loyal condtict  and  disloyal  sentiments  on  insuffi- 
cient evidence,  wrongfully,  and  therefore,  here- 
by, by  virtue  of  the  authority  constituting  it, 
does  annul  said  dismissal  published  in  S.  O., 
No.  331,  dated  War  Department,  A.  G.  O., 
Washington,  D.  C,  Jnly  25, 1863." 

Major  Haller's  vindication  was  thus  made  full 
and  complete.  The  proceedings  and  findings  of 
the  court  were  approved  by  President  Hayes, 
and  the  Senate  confirmed  Major  Haller's  nomi- 
nation as  Colonel  of  Infantry  in  the  United 
Sti-ces  Army  to  rank  from  February  19,  1873. 
Subsequently  a  vacancy  occurred  by  the  death 
of  Colonel  Jefferson  C.  Davis,  Twenty-third  In- 
fantry, when  the  Senate  confirmed  the  assign- 
ment of  Colonel  Haller  to  this  regiment,  and 
thus  )-eceived  a  second  commission,  to  date  from 


^^^.  ^/hw:^:^^=rr.Y^ 


<F    WASfflNGTON. 


December  11,  18^ 
in  command  of  tL 
18S2,  when  he  \> 
three  years  of  np-' 
From  the  tiim 
statement  n-  * 
resided  in 
they  livcii 
tile  I :  ' 


I 


•!•  0  time 
u.d.  He 
,  i.  ;s  »!U/ili  sawmill  near 
if  received  for  debt. 
>> Mr  not  running  to  a  profit, 
nterprise  and  engaged  in  the 
u;.'.-.',.''.  .  ;'Uh:in.\-p  at  Port  Townsend,  with  a 
bruncli  store  at  Coupeville,  on  Whidby  Island, 
where  he  subsequently  settled  and  continued 
the  business  up  to  his.reappointment  to  the  army 
in  1879.  Dnring  this  period  he  was  most 
munificent  in  his  assistance  'to  the  poor  settlers 
and  gave  credit  to  such  an  e.xtent  tliat  he  be- 
came deeply  in  debt  himself  and  was  obliged  to 
takeacr.>i/*i'f"rable  acreage,  of  poor,  undeveloped 

'       .•liJrli.    1.,      ;    .        ■,   :,■■  ..«     nf     r.i,,     -„•  tic, , lent 

...cd 

rt  ililli- 1 '• 

in  1882,  ( 

in    Seattle,  wlun    ..  ' --i    ■,\    .-^i 

hhndsome  home  and    i,s    pa»>Kit,j.:    \i'i<   n 
years  in  ease  and  opulence. 

He  was  married  in  York,  Fennbylvania,  in 
1849,  to  Miss  Henrietta  M.  Cox,  and  they  have 
two  children  living;  Chai-lotte  E.  and  Tlieo- 
dore  N. 

Altliotigh  in  no  ^ense  .a  politician.  Colonel 
I  i  !;;!■!  'w  frequently  assumed  duties  of  tv.'st 
in  tliedt  Mliipiuent  of  this  rising  young  country. 
For  many,  years  he  was  Postmaster  of  Coupe- 
ville, and  lie  also  served  one  term  as  Treasurer 
of  Island  county.  He  is  a  thirty -second-de- 
gree Mason,  an  Odd-Feliow  of  high  standing,  a 
member  of  the  National  Association  of  Veter- 
ans of  Mexico,  and  Vice  Commander  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  of  Wafthino-ton.  He  is  still  in  t) 
enjoyment  of  health  ftnu  |ihysical  vigor,  an! 
respected  and  esteemed  by  ail  who  know  liii 

lliiv.   George  F.    Wiiitwoktii,    D 


pioneer  clerg>  i/  i^resbyterian  Ciuirch 

north  of  iht-  Cuiiuiibia  river,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Eru/land.  March  15,  1816,  came  to  the 
■'    ■     '     '  ■  ;-    iiureuts  in    1828    and 

pursued  a   rndimen- 
;land,  he  commenced 
li:-  a-ge  of  seventeen  at 

H:>ii    ■  ;ind   graduated  there 

in     1838.      lit!    V.U6     married    at    Greensburg, 
Indiana,  the  same  ynar,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Thom- 
son, a  native  of  Kentucky.     He  commenced  the 
study  of  law  at  Greensbnrg,  in   1838,  and  was 
subsequently    admitted    to   practice.     He   then 
followed  his  profession  at  Charlestown,  Indiana, 
until    1842,   when  he   turned  his  attention   to 
theology  and  passed   three  years   at  the  New 
Albany  Theological  Seminary,  now   known  as 
the  McCormick  Theo'.>«Mjal  Seminary  of  Chi- 
cago.     His    first     mii;i-i<;rial    charge     was    at 
Corydon,  Indiana,  but  after  a  few   months  he 
removed  to  Cannelton,  same  State,    and  there 
orcranized  the  Presbyterian  church  and  erected 
a  house  of  worship.     After  remaining  in  charge 
nnti]  1853  V"  v;;'='  commissioned  by  the  Board 
T    a   missionary  to    Puget 
'ich  he  had  read  as  early 
toria,  and    which   then 
-iait    the   place.   ■  In   the 
'''■   colony   was    made    up 
of    Cannelton,    which 
is,  and   with  the  neces- 
team,  with  Mr.  Whit- 
■  ibarked  upon  that  long 
s,   which  was  duly  ac- 
>3us  inconvenience,  and 
li     :-    ;  .  of  travel    they  landed 

:oo  late   in   the   fall    to 
Puget  Sound. 
•.  Whitworth  assisted  in 
byterian  Church  of  that 
ts   spiritual  welfare  un- 
T,  leaving  his  family,  he 
Traveling  in  those  days 
y   ^lo\v  nnd   difficult.     The   first 
■mI    upon    the    river   steamboat    in 
Al.onticello,  and    then    two  days  in  a 


partly  li 

iinmbeif 

sary  pnunt,  or.ttit,  u...i 

worth  as  captain,  they 

journey  across  t\w  p* 

complished  wit)i<u     - 

aft,..   =,!.oMi   ,;.    :  .   ■ 


S53 


UlUTOllT    OF     WASUINGTON. 


canoe  in  reacbing  Olequa,  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  the  Cowlitz  river,  and  thence  on  foot  to 
Olympia.  The  hotel  accommodations  on  the 
way  were  as  poor  as  the  facilities  for  travel,  and 
hard  bread,  salmon  and  potatoes  constituted  the 
bill  of  fare. 

He  arrived  at  Oljmpia  during  the  first  session 
of  the  Territorial  Legislature.  He  took  a  dona- 
tion claim  near  Olympia  and  iu  May  returned  to 
Portland  for  his  family.  The  summer  was 
passed  upon  his  claim  living  in  a  tent  and  board 
shanty,  while  he  split  tiding  from  white  fir  and 
cedar  timber  to  build  a  more  comfortable  home. 
In  the  fall  of  1854  he  established  at  Olympia 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  Territory, 
and  in  1855  the  second  one,  including  the  dis- 
tricts of  Grand  Mound  and  Chehalis.  In  the 
fall  of  1855  he  removed  his  family  to  Olympia 
to  seek  the  protection  of  the  stockade.  During 
the  Indian  war,  he  continued  his  semi-monthly 
visits  to  supply  the  church  at  Grand  Mound  and 
Chihalis,  a  distance  of  from  twenty-five  to  forty 
miles,  through  a  deserted  region  as  the  families 
had  all  fled  to  the  forts  for  protection.  He  con- 
tinued this  service  about  three  years,  never  miss- 
ing an  appointment. 

Owing  to  the  limited  means  of  the  early 
settlers  and  the  slender  support  of  the  mission- 
ary board,  lie  resorted  to  teaching  school  to  eke 
out  his  modest  income,  and  in  1855  he  was 
elected  Superintendent  of  Schools  of  Thurston 
county.  Eeturning  to  his  claim  after  the  Indian 
war,  he  continued  his  church  and  school  work 
until  1860,  when  the  church  was  turned  over  to 
Mr.  Evans,  and  he  removed  to  Whidby  Island 
and  followed  preaching,  teaching  and  farming 
for  one  year;  then  returned  to  Olympia  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  Chief  Clerk  to  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Indian  Affairs,  continuiug  to  1864, 
was  next  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  of 
Puget  Sound  District,  with  headquarters  at 
Port  Angeles,  and  in  1866  came  to  Seattle  as 
president  of  the  Territorial  University.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  Superntendent  of  Schools 
and  Surveyor  of  King  county,  and  appointed 
Surveyor   for  the   city  of  Seattle.  •   In    1872  he 


returned  to  Olympia  as  Chief  Clerk  of  Indian 
Affairs,  and  in  1873  was  again  elected  president 
of  the  Territorial  University  at  Seattle,  for  two 
years.  He  then  passed  four  years  as  United 
States  Deputy  Surveyor  of  Public  Lands. 

He  has  always  continued  his  ministerial  duties, 
which  have  been  of  a  missionary  character  in 
attending  to  the  weak  places  and  getting  them 
in  shape  for  occupancy.  The  Presl)ytery  of 
Puget  Sound  was  organized  in  1858,  and  he  was 
elected  the  first  Moderator  and  tilled  the  same 
otiice  in  the  Synod  of  Columbia  in  1876,  and  the 
Synod  of  Washington  in  1890.  Since  1879  he 
has  acted  as  Stated  Clerk  to  the  Puget  Sound 
Presbytery,  and  for  many  years  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Home  Missions, 
and  since  1890  chairman  of  that  body.  He  has 
been  directly  instrumental  in  organizing  five 
churches  and  indirectly  several  others,  there  now 
being  ninety  churches  in  the  State.  While  at 
the  present  time  he  has  no  special  charge,  he  is 
nevertheless  engaged  in  missionary  work.  Tho 
degree  of  D.  D.  was  confirmed  upon  him  by 
Hanover  College,  his  alma  mater,  in  1890. 

He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  developing  the 
coal  interests  of  Washington,  and  was  associated 
with  Kev.  D.  Bagley  and  Philip  H.  Lewis  in 
opening  the  New  Castle  mines  in  1862,  the  first 
mine  developed  in  King  county.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  syndicate  who  opened  the  South 
Prairie  Coal  mines  in  1884,  and  superintended 
the  work  during  the  first  year,  still  retaining  his 
interest.  As  a  gas- producing  coal,  the  product 
of  this  mine  is  said  to  be  the  best  on  the  coast. 
He  also  owns  valuable  residence  property  iu 
Seattle  with  substantial  improvements,  and  a 
portion  of  his  original  donation  claim. 

After  forty-eight  years  of  married  life,  she 
who  had  been  a  strengthening  help  and  comfort 
during  his  pioneer  days,  was  called  hence  to  her 
i-eward,  leaving  a  lonely  and  bereaved  husband 
and  six  children:  James  E.,  Frederick  H.,  John 
Matthews,  Clara  (Mrs.  Waldo  York  of  Los 
Angeles),  George  F.,  Jr.,  and  Etta  B.  (Mrs. 
Clarence  L.  White). 


U I  STORY    OP    WASniNOTON. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 
PRINCIPAL  CITIES,  CONTINUED. 


WALLA    WALLA. 


A  Historic  Place — The  W.a.lla  Walla  Valley — Description — The  City  of  Walla  Walla 

— FoET  Walla  Walla — Sketch  of  Governor  Moore — Sketch  of  Hon.  D.  M.  Jessee 

Sketch  of  Hon.  Daniel  Stewart — -Sketch  of  Mrs.  Catherine  Eitz. 


IS^JfEXT    to    Spokane,    Walk    Walla  is  the 

I  \j     principal  city  of    Eastern    Washington. 

II  11  The  first  point  to  be  settled  in  the  east- 
V  ern  part  of  the  State,  it  long  held  the 
j)re-eminence  socially,  politically  and  coinmer- 
cially  of  all  that  region.  It  was  historic  ground. 
From  time  immemorial  it  had  been  the  chosen 
council  ground  of  all  the  great  Indian  tribes 
that  habited  between  the  Cascade  mountains  and 
the  eastern  spurs  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 
Here  the  Walla  Walla's,  the  Yakimas,  the 
Spokanes,  the  Nez  Perces,  the  Cay  uses  and 
many  smaller  tribes,  comprising  the  very  elite 
of  the  wild,  brave  chivalry  of  the  plains,  were 
wont  to  kindle  tlieir  council  fires  and  celebrate 
their  own  greatness  in  the  foray  and  the  chase. 
Here  the  keen  insight  and. far  outlook  of  culti- 
vated leaders  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
detected  tlio  key  to  all  possible  success  in  their 
projects  of  trade  and  empire.  And  here, 
at  a  later  date,  the  statesman-missionary,  Dr. 
Whitman,  saw  tlie  one  point  to  lay  the  first 
stones  in  the  foundation  of  the  superstructure 
of  Christian  civilization  which  he  bravely  es- 
sayed to  establish  when  paganism  had  so  long 
held  sway.  It  was  but  in  the  natural  order, 
therefore,  that  here  our  true  American  civiliza- 
tion should  establish  its  first  iiomes  and  altars 
in  this  great  inland  empire. 

The  city  of  Walla  Walla  is  in  the  heart  of  the 
Walla  Walla  valley,  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
fruitful  portions  of  the  State.  This  valley 
abuts  against  the  Columbia  river  on  its  southern 
side,  just  where  that  river  on  its  loner  flow  south- 
ward from  British  Columbia  bends  sharply  to 
the    west    for  its    final  passage  to  the    ocean. 


From  this  point  the  Walla  Walla  valley  pro- 
jects southward  and  eastward  fifty  miles  or 
more  up  to  and  far  along  the  Blue  mountain 
range.  Down  through  it,  clearly  coursing  from 
their  mountain  springs,  almost  innumerable 
streams  flow  toward  a  common  center  near  the 
historic  Waiiletpu.  At  their  converging  point 
stands  Walla  Walla,  its  streets  stretching  across, 
and  parallel  to,  several  of  the  clear  mountain  riv- 
ulets that  laugh  over  their  pebbled  beds  as  they 
flow  toward  the  mighty  Columbia.  The  well 
built,  broad-stretched  city  ia  embowered  in  a 
forest  of  cultivated  trees,  above  whose  branches 
shine  the  sharpened  spires  and  gilded  domes 
of  churches  and  schools.  Just  on  its  western 
border,  on  a  rounded  hill  of  fifty  or  sixty  feet 
elevation  and  covering  perhaps  twenty  acres  of 
land,  stands  Fort  Walk,  over  which  forever  shine 
the  stars  and  flash  the  stripes  of  our  national 
ensign,  and  from  wliich  morning  and  night,  the 
year,  around  sound  the  clear  shrill  notes  of 
reveille  or  the  soft  farewell  cadences  of  retreat. 
The  distinguishing  features  of  the  city  of 
Walla  Walk  is  its  gardens  and  orchards  and 
vineyards  that  rival  in  beauty  and  fruitfulness 
Italy's  most  favored  vales.  In  sweet  contrast 
with  these  are  the  vast  stretches  of  wheat  fields 
that  in  their  season  stretch  in  golden  billows 
over  the  plains,  up  the  hillsides,  and  even  crown 
the  mountain  ridges  miles  and  miles  away, — all 
in  sight  from  the  streets  and  windows  of  the 
town. 

In  the  midst  of  this    garden  of  deliu-ht  and 

fruitfulness  reposes,  in  a  mostcharming  serenity, 

the  lieautiful  metropolis  of  this  valley, — -indeed 

I  of  a  country  far  exceeding   the  valley  itself    in 


HISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


extent.  It  stretches  out  its  railroad  lines  west- 
ward toward  the  Columbia,  northward  toward 
the  vast  plains  of  Snake  river,  and  south  and  east 
toward  the  Umatilla.  Its  position,  its  culture, 
its  wealth,  the  sterling  worth  and  intelligence 
of  its  citizens,  its  past  history  and  manifest  des- 
tiny assures  that  it  will  remain,  what  so  far  in 
Northwestern  history  it  has  been,  the  chief  cily 
of  the  inland  empire  south  of  Snake  river. 

Like  all  other  places  the  material  Walla  Walla 
is  only  the  crystallized  thought  and  work  of  its 
people.  We  select  a  few  names  as  typical  of 
the  average  intelligence  and  enterprise  that  have 
made  this  modern  Damascus  of  the  Plains.  It 
will  certainly  not  be  inappropriate  that  we  place 
at  the  head  of  the  list. 

Gov.  Miles  C.  Mooke,  the  last  Territoral 
Governor  of  Washington,  who  was  born  in  Mus- 
kingum county,  Ohio,  April  17,  1845.  At  the 
age  of  twelve  years  he  went  with  his  parents  to 
Point  Bluff,  Wisconsin,  where  he  attended  the 
Bronson  Institute  six  years.  In  1862,  he  came 
to  the  Territory  of  Washington,  locating  in 
Walla  Walla,  where  he  found  employment  as 
clerk  in  a  mercantile  house.  In  1864,  Mr. 
Moore  purchased  an  interest  in  a  general  mer- 
cantile business  in  the  mines  of  Western  Mon- 
tana, but  two  years  later  returned  to  Walla 
Walla,  and  engaged  in  the  stationery  business, 
under  the  firm  name  of  E.  H.  Johnson  &  Co. 
During  the  following  year  he  traveled  through 
the  East,  combining  business  with  pleasure, 
after  which  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Paine 
Bros.,  in  this  city,  under  the  style  of  Paine 
Bros.  &  Moore,  dealers  in  general  merchandise, 
etc.  Mr.  Moore  followed  that  occupation  for 
nine  years,  and  during  that  time  was  twice  a 
member  of  the  City  Council,  and  in  1877  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Walla  Walla,  holding  the  lat- 
ter position  one  year.  In  1879,  he  embarked 
in  the  grain  business,  under  the  style  of  M.  C. 
Moore  &  Co.,  handling  the  larger  part  of  the 
interior  and  export  trade.  In  addition  to  these 
various  interests,  he  has  also  been  connected 
with  several  banking  institutions  as  director, 
and    is   now    vice-president    of    the   Baker  and 


Boyer  National  Bank  of  Walla  Walla.  He  has 
real-estate  at  Moscow,  and  mining  interests  at 
Mullan,  Idaho,  and  also  real-estate  in  Pullman, 
this  State. 

In  1884,  Governor  Moore  served  as  Chair- 
man of  the  Bepublican  Territorial  Convention, 
held  at  Seattle,  and  in  1889  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Washington,  taking  the  office  on 
April  9,  following.  During  his  term  of  oliice,' 
fire  destroyed  the  business  portion  of  three  of 
Washington's  largest  cities,  and  in  each  in- 
stance the  Governor's  proclamation  met  with 
hearty  response,  not  only  from  the  people  of 
Washington,  but  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
even  from  abroad.  During  his  term  of  office  the 
stricken  cities  of  Seattle,  Spokane  and  Ellens- 
burg  did  much  to  regain  their  lost  ground,  and 
all  parts  of  the  State  have  taken  rapid  strides 
onward  and  upward,  becoming  stronger  in  pop- 
ulation and  richer  in  the  development  of  natural 
resources.  The  last  and  brightest  incident  in 
the  term  of  Governor  Moore  was  the  admission 
of  Washington  to  Statehood. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1873,  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Baker,  a  highly  accomplished  lady  and 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  D.  S.  and  Anna  Baker,  of 
Walla  Walla.  The  ^)r.  was  one  the  best  known 
nd  influential  men  in  Eastern  Washington, 
and  at  his  death  one  of  the  grandest  and 
noblest  men  of  the  State  was  much  lamented. 
His  name  was  everywhere  identified  with  the 
early  history  of  the  Territory  and  State.  Gov- 
ernor Moore  has  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
attractive  homes  in  the  suburbs  of  Walla  Walla, 
where  he  lives  quietly  with  his  family.  He 
and  Mrs.  Moore  have  three  sons,  Frank,  Walter 
and  Robert. 

Hon.  D.  M.  Jessee. — Among  the  pioneers  of 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  one  of  the  most  esteemed 
among  the  public  men  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, stands  Hon.  D.  M.  Jessee.  He  was  born 
in  Russell  county,  Virginia,  August  19,  1822, 
a  son  of  Martin  Jessee,  also  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. When  he  was  a  lad  of  sixteen,  he 
started  for  what  was  then  the  far  West,  made 
his  way  to   Missouri  and   stopped  in  Sullivan 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


county,  where  he  made  his  home.  He  en- 
gaged in  various  lines  of  trade,  one  of  these 
being  that  of  pork-packing.  In  1848  our  sub- 
ject crossed  the  plains  with  an  ox  team  to  Ore- 
gon and  settled  in  .Yam  Hill  county,  and  says 
that  his  journey  that  year  was  as  pleasant  as 
any  part  of  his  life. 

After  his  arrival  in  Oregon  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  continued  this  occupation  for  three 
years,  when  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  and  served  two  terms,  from  1852  to 
1856.  Following  this,  he  went  into  the  mer- 
cantile business  and  followed  that  for  two  years, 
but  in  1858  he  was  honored  by  the  voters  of 
the  district  with  an  election  to  the  State  legis- 
lature from  Yam  Hill  county.  Here  he  did 
honor  to  himself  and  his  constituents,  introduc- 
ing many  important  bills. 

In  1861  Mr.  Jessee  moved  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  until  1865.  For  six  years  he 
served  as  County  Commissioner  of  Walla  Walla 
county,  and  during  that  time  he  was  twice 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  again 
acquitting  himself  with  honor.  From  1884 
until  1890  he  was  engaged  in  the  fruit  business, 
but  he  sold  out  his  fruit  farm.  On  account  of 
having  such  a  wide  knowledge  of  fruit,  in 
March,  1891,  he  was  made  Ifrnit  Inspector  for 
the  State  of  Washington  by  Governor  l*'erry, 
which  position  he  is  still  filling.  He  is  con- 
sidered the  best  authority  on  fruit  culture  in  the 
State. 

Mr.  Jessee  was  married,  in  January,  1850,  to 
Miss  Sarah  J.  Watt,  a  native  of  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio,  who  died  in  1866,  leaving  four  children, 
as  follows:  J.  A.,  now  living  in  Walla  Walla; 
J.  W.,  now  in  a  bank  in  Dayton,  Washington; 
Eugene,  now  in  New  Orleans;  Mary,  the 
wife  of  A.  C.  Hanson,  of  Arlington,  Ore- 
gon. He  was  married  a  second  time,  in  1867, 
to  Margaret  E.  Mclteeny,  a  native  of  Iowa, 
who  lived  until  1883,  when  she  died,  leaving 
one  child,  E.  L.,  now  residing  in  Dayton. 
Our  subject  was  a  third  time  married,  in  May, 
1885,  to  Mrs.    iiuey  C.    (Do  Haven)  Roberts 


of  Salem,  Oregon.  She  was  the  widow 
of  William  Roberts  and  she  had  one  child, 
Harry.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jessee  have  had  one 
child,  D.  M.,  Jr.  Politically,  our  subject  sup- 
ports the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Daniel  Stewart,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  was  born  in  Cardington,  Morrow 
county,  Ohio,  April  26,  1825,  a  son  of  William 
and  Patient  (Denton)  Stewart,  the  former  a 
native  of  Vermont,  and  the  latter  of  Rhode 
Island.  The  Denton  family  are  of  Holland, 
descent,  and  the  Stewarts  of  Scotch  descent. 
The  latter  came  to  America  over  200  years  ago, 
settling  in  what  was  then  Massachusetts,  now 
the  State  of  Maine.  William  Stewart,  a  far- 
mer by  occupation,  died  near  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
in  1852,  at  the  age  of  seventy  years.  His  wife 
survived  him  five  years,  dying  in  1857,  at  the 
age  of  sixty  years.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eight  children,  our  subject  being  the  youngest 
child,  and  only  three  are  now  living,  aged 
respectively  eighty-two,  seventy-eight  and  sixty- 
seven  years. 

Daniel  Stewart  remained  in  Ohio  until 
seventeen  years  of  age,  and  then  spent  three 
years  in  Illinois.  In  company  with  Jordan 
Sawyer  he  started  with  an  ox  team  for  Oregon, 
landing  in  that  State  in  tiie  fall  of  1845,  hav- 
ing been  six  months  and  eight  days  in  making 
the  journey.  Mr.  Stewart  found  employment 
with  Governor  Abernethy  at  Oregon  City, 
spent  one  and  a  half  years  on  the  river  with 
Captain  Gray,  arid  was  then  employed  in  the 
first  sawmill  at  St.  Helens,  on  the  Columbia 
river.  In  1847  he  enlisted  in  Captain  Maxon's 
company  of  Oregon  volunteers,  to  fight  the 
Cayuse  Indians  for  the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man, and  was  elected  Sergeant  of  his  company, 
and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Wells  Springs, 
John  Day  river,  etc.  In  July,  1849,  the  brig 
Honolulu,  Captain  Newall,  brought  the  news  of 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  and  Mr. 
Stewart  at  once  engaged  passage  to  that  State  on 
the  brig's  return.  After  reaching  California  he 
commenced  his  operations  as  a  miner  in  what 
was  then  called  Dry  Diggings,  now  Placerville, 


niSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


later  moved  up  the  river  with  a  party,  theirs 
being  the  remotest  camp  on  the  river,  and  they 
fared  much  better  than  the  denizens  of  the  lower 
camps,  as  the  latter  were  all  massacred  by  the 
Indians.  Mr.  Stewart  next  conducted  a  feed 
store  for  a  time,  and  then  began  draying  in  San 
Francisco,  making  as  high  as  $50  a  day  in  the 
last  occupation.  In  1850  he  returned  to  Ore- 
gon, in  1852  to  Illinois,  and  then  went  to  Mis- 
souri, where  he  purchased  200  head  of  cattle  and 
drove  them  to  Oregon.  In  1859  our  subject 
continued  the  stock  business  in  Umatilla  county, 
but  owing  to  some  misfortune  he  lost  his  sav- 
ings of  those  many  years  of  hardships  and 
difficulties.  In  1861  he  came  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  then  a  small  town,  where  he  has 
since  followed  various  occupations. 

Mr.  Stewart  was  called  upon  to  represent  his 
county  in  the  Legislature  in  1865,  was  elected 
by  the  Democratic  party,  re-elected  in  1870, 
defeated  in  1874,  but  again  elected  in  1876. 
In  the  latter  year  he  introduced  a  bill  in  the  Leg- 
islature to  regulate  the  tariff  on  railroad  trans- 
portation: the  bill  was  carried  in  the  lower 
house,  but  defeated  by  a  small  majority  in  the 
Senate.  During  President  Cleveland's  admin- 
istration, Mr.  Stewart  received  the  appointment 
of  Tostmaster  of  Walla  Walla,  serving  in  that 
capacity  four  years  and  eight  months.  Although 
he  has  had  many  misfortunes  in  his  younger 
days,  lie  has  succeeded  in  saving  a  competency. 
He  was  married  April  16,  1858,  to  Miss 
Margaret  Fruit,  of  Monroe  county,  Missouri. 
They  have  had  eight  children,  namely:  Katie, 
wife  of  E.  H.  JSixon,  of  this  city;  Crossus.  of 
Walla  Walla;  Charles  B.,  a  leading  physician 
of  this  city;  Thales  D.,  also  of  this  city;  Irene, 
now  Mrs.  I.  Goodman,  of  Oregon;  Lee  Ella, 
Ida  and  Robert  L.,  at  home. 

Mrs.  Catheeine  J.  (Snodgeass)  Ritz,  widow 
of  the  late  Philip  Ritz,  was  born  in  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  May  11,  1835.  Her  father,  Lynn 
Snodgrass,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Wilson,  of  Greenville,  Tennes- 
see, and  was  of  Pennsylvania  Dutch  descent. 
Mr.  Snodgrass  crossed  the  plains  in  1852,  with 


a  horse-and-mule  team,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
immigrants  who  came  to  Oregon  that  year.  His 
was  the  leading  train  on  the  plains,  and  in  that 
way  missed  the  depredations  of  the  Indians,  and 
upon  reaching  Linn  county,  Oregon,  settled 
there,  buying  620  acres  of  land,  and  there  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  stock-raising,  dying  there 
in  18G5,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years,  his  wife 
surviving  him  five  years.  She  died  in  1869,  at 
the  age  of  sixty  years.  They  had  reared  a  fam- 
ily of  six  children,  of  whom  Mrs.  Ritz  was  the 
third. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  and  was  fifteen  years  of  age  when 
she  accompanied  her  parents  across  the  plains 
to  the  far  West.  Her  early  experiences  broad- 
ened her  faculties,  and  now  she  is  a  lady  of 
great  intelligence  and  high  business  capacity,  as 
well  as  of  varied  accomplishments.  The  mar- 
riage of  our  subject  took  place  April  11,  1854, 
when  she  was  united  to  Philip  Ritz,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  was  born  October  11,  1827. 
He  was  educated  at  his  home  in  Pennsylvania, 
and,  having  gone  to  Iowa  when  young,  engaged 
in  school-teaching  there,  continuing  until  1850, 
when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  but 
continued  on  and  came  into  Oregon  that  same 
year.  He  took  up  a  piece  of  land  in  Benton 
county,  on  the  prea.ent  site  of  Corvallis,  where 
he  started  one  of  the  first  nurseries  in  the  State. 

The  next  year  after  his  arrival,  his  education 
and  intelligence  were  recognized  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  of  the  county,  and  he  was  made  School 
Examiner  of  Benton  county,  and  this  honorable 
position  he  held  as  long  as  he  lived  in  Benton 
county.  In  1862,  he  sold  out  his  possessions  in 
Oregon  and  moved  to  Walla  Walla,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  purchased  160  acres  of  land  and 
started  a  nursery,  one  and  one-half  miles  south 
of  the  town.  He  kept  adding  to  the  land  until 
it  amounted  to  240  acres,  all  in  one  body.  Here 
he  put  eighty  acres  in  nursery  stock,  and  this  is 
one  of  the  largest  nurseries  in  the  State.  Be- 
fore his  death  he  had  accumulated  a  fortune  by 
his  good  management  and  industry. 

The  husband  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


a  man  of  great  business  ability.  He  founded  a 
town,  which  at  the  time  it  was  made  a  county 
seat  was  named  Kitzville,  and  owned  4,600  acres 
adjoining  it.  His  widow  also  has  ninety  acres 
on  Whidby  Island,  forty  acres  on  "Washington 
Lake,  forty  acres  on  Unioii  Lake,  and  tifty-nine 
acres  adjoining  Seattle.  She  also  owns  a  large 
stone  quarry  near  Seattle,  forty  acres  at  Blaine, 
besides  lots  in  different  parts  of  Seattle  and 
twenty-four  blocks  in  Walla  Walla  city,  all  the 
acreage  amounting  to  over  5,000  acres. 

Mr.  Eitz  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  coast, 
and  through  his  business  enterprises  he  made 
his  nanae  well  known  all  along  the  coast  as  far 
as  Puget  Sound,  and  wherever  it  was  known  it 
was  also  known  as  the  name  of  an  honest  and 
fair-dealing  man.  In  the  matter  of  securing  the 
extension  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kailroad 
through  to  the  coast,  Mr.  Kitz  was  prominently 
identified,  contributing  both  of  his  time  and 
money  for  the  furtherance  of  the  enterprise. 
For  a  period  of  several  years  he  went  to  the 
National  capital  each  winter  and  there  labored 
zealously  to  secure  the  completion  of  this  great 
and  valuable  avenue  of  commerce,  which  has 
contributed  so  largely  to   the  development  and 


healthful  advancement  of  the  northern  coast 
country.  His  lamented  death  occurred  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1889.  Since  that  time  the  business 
has  been  ably  carried  on  by  Mrs.  Ritz  and  her 
daughter,  much  assisted  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Ritz,  a 
nephew  of  Philip  Ritz.  The  young  man  is  a 
native  of  Iowa,  and  came  to  Washington  in 
February,  1889,  to  take  charge  as  farmer  of  his 
aunt's  large  nursery,  and  here  they  are  doing  a 
business  of  from  $10,000  to  $20,000  per  year. 

Mr.  Ritz  had  contemplated  the  building  of  a 
tine  residence  before  his  death,  but  as  he  did  not 
accomplish  it  Mrs.  Ritz  followed  out  his  plans 
and  is  about  finishing  one  of  the  finest  resi- 
dences of  the  county,  near  Walla  Walla,  at  a 
cost  of  $12,000.  It  is  a  frame  structure, 
with  all  of  the  latest  improvements,  heated  by 
furnace  and  fire-places,  with  a  perfect  system 
of  water-pipes  and  has  electric  light,  supplied 
by  a  dynamo  on  the  premises. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ritz  had  two  daughters:  Ella 
C,  the  wife  of  H.  M.  Coss,  who  is  a  farmer  and 
stock-raiser  in  Adams  county  near  Ritzville; 
and  Hattie  May,  an  accomplished  young  lady, 
at  home  with  her  mother.  Four  children  are 
deceased. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 

CHAPTEE  XXXVII. 

THE  MINERAL  WEALTH  OP  WASHINGTON. 
Lead — Copper— Silvke — Gold — Coal — Iron. 


I[N  previous  chapters  incidental  references 
have  been  made,  in  the  necessary  conree  of 
-1  onr  history,  to  the  gold  mines  and  mining, 
that  played  so  im2)ortant  a  part  in  the  early  de- 
velopment of  several  parts  of  the  Territory.  A 
more  extended,  though  still  a  compendious  no- 
tice of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  State  is 
due  our  readers.  We  give  this  in  the  repro- 
duction of  a  carefully  prepared  paper,  furnished 
by  the  Washington  Commissioners  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  for  publication  in  the 
"Evergreen  State  Souvenir,"  and  having  the 
endorsement  of  their  approval  and  publication. 
It  was  furnished  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Bogardiis,  assay- 
er  and  chemist,  of  Seattle,  and  is  a  careful  and 
discriminating  statenient  of  the  facts  simply. 
Mr.  Bogardus  says: 

The  wealth  of  Washington  lies  in  her  vast 
mineral  resources,  the  bulk  of  whicli  consists  of 
gold,  silver  and  lead.  Wonderful  reports  are 
given  in  regard  to  its  metals.  The  extent  of 
the  distribution  can  but  be  convincing.  The 
depth  is  to  be  proven;  but  if  experience  can  be 
relied  upon,  nothing  is  lacking  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mines  but  capital,  which  is  gradu- 
ally coming  forward. 

The  ores  of  the  State  in  general  are  medium 
grade  lead  ores,  bearing  silver,  the  galena  itself 
carrying  but  little  gold.  But  there  are  belts  of 
high-grade  silver  ore  with  but  little  or  no  lead 
to  them,  being  chlorides,  brittle  silver,  and  ruby 
and  black  sulphn rets  of  silver.  Our  gold  is 
free,  or  in  sulphurets,  free  gold  being  in  quartz, 
talc  or  as  placers.  The  sulphurets  are  quite 
genei-ally  distributed  with  free  gold  and  galena, 
also  occurring  in  ledges  by  themselves.  There 
are  a  great  variety  of  sulphurets,  varying  in 
color  from  a  white  to  a  yellow,  bronze  and 
black,  in  value  from  nothing,  or  traces,  to  $500 
per  ton,  and  in  composition  as  the  different  ores 


carry  zinc,  arsenic,  antimony  and  nickel.  Such 
variation,  with  apparently  the  same  sulphuret 
differing  in  the  several  districts,  makes  them 
quite  a  study.  The  gold  placers  are  not  as  yet 
extensively  worked.  Not  being  rich,  they  need 
corporations  to  operate  them  on  a  large  scale. 

There  are  three  ore  belts:  The  first  extends 
the  entire  length  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  but 
it  becomes  scattered  in  the  southern  section. 
The  second  reaches  from  the  eastern  boundary 
across  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  The  third 
is  the  peninsula  of  the  Olympic  mountains. 

Beginning  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  State 
in  Stevens  county  is  a  metalline  district  having 
a  galena  ore  with  few  sulphurets,  carrying  some 
zinc,  which  gives  it  a  dull  appearance.  The 
formation  is  slate  and  lime.  Veins  are  large, 
high  in  lead  and  low  in  silver.  There  is  also 
gray  copper  in  the  district. 

West  of  these  and  north  of  Spokane  is  the 
Colville  district,  which  is  the  oldest  galena  camp 
in  ihe  State.  The  ore  is  clear,  being  in  a  mag- 
nesium-line belt.  Although  the  ores  are  not 
high  grade,  they  are  good  concentrators. 

Between  the  Columbia  and  Okanogan  rivers 
is  the  Colville  Indian  reservation,  of  which  prac- 
tically nothing  is  known  as  to  its  minerals,  pros- 
pectors not  being  allowed  upon  it;  but  those 
who  have  passed  over  it  give  flattering  reports. 

Immediately  west  of  Okanogan  river  is  the 
Okanogan  district.  Extending  north  and  south 
along  the  river  is  a  rich  mineral  belt  which 
passes  into  British  Columbia.  The  district  is 
divided  into  different  divisions,  having  varied 
character  of  ore.  At  the  north,  around  Loomis 
and  Gold  Hill,  are  gold  and  galena  in  granite, 
syenite,  quartzite  and  slate  formations.  A  few 
properties  (Black  Bear  and  War  Eagle,  the 
most  prominent)  have  had  considerable  work 
done  on  them.     There  are  several    fine   stamp 


HISTORY    OF     WASniNGTON. 


mills  at  different  points  doing  well.  Coming 
sonth  near  the  river  is  a  lime  belt  carrying  high 
grade  silver.  Farther  south  near  Coneonully 
are  medium  grade  galenas,  with  pyrites  in  a 
quartz  gangue,  with  a  syenite,  quartzite  and 
porphyry  formation. 

Beyond,  and  a  little  to  the  west,  is  another 
lime  belt,  rich  with  galena  and  chlorides  of 
silver. 

From  this  district  west  to  the  Cascade  moun- 
tains it  is  entirely  unexplored.  But  southwest 
limited  prospecting  has  been  done,  and  some 
ledges  of  gold  bearing  pyrites  and  high-grade 
silver  have  been  found  along  the  Methow  river. 

Nearly  due  west  a  short  distance  brings  us  to 
the  Pierce  or  Stehekin  river,  and  into  an  argen- 
tiferous galena  camp  of  medium  grade.  It  is 
on  the  east  slope  of  the  main  range  of  the  Cas- 
cade mountains  at  Cascade  Pass.  In  this  vi- 
cinity is  the  Bridge  Creek  district,  on  the  river 
by  that  name,  a  branch  of  the  Stehekin.  Here 
the  ledges  are  not  large,  but  of  high-grade  ore, 
being  ruby  silver  and  antimonial  silver,  with 
but  little  galena.  These  are  the  two  districts 
which  the  railroad  in  contemplation  from  Lake 
Chelan  north  expects  to  tap,  and  to  take  the  ores 
to  the  foot  of  the  lake. 

South  of  the  Wenatchee  river,  ten  miles  from 
the  Great  Northern  railroad,  is  the  Peshastin, 
which  is  the  oldest  gold-producing  district  in 
the  State,  arrastras  having  been  used  there  for 
years.  This,  with  two  other  districts.  Swank 
and  Niger  creek,  are  grouped  together.  The 
Swank  produces  a  quantity  of  placer  gold  and 
its  ledges  are  soft,  bearing  free  gold,  making  it 
easy  to  handle  in  arrastras.  The  Peshastin  is 
now  very  active,  a  forty-stainp  mill  having  just 
been  completed.  The  same  class  of  ore  extends 
through  Peshastin  and  Niger  creek,  being  talc, 
quartz  and  spar,  carrying  free  gold,  arsenical 
pyrites,  copper  pyrites  and  yellow  iron  pyrites, 
ail  of  which  carry  gold,  the  copper  pyrites  being 
very  rich.  The  formation  is  serpentine,  syenite, 
silicious,  slate,  with  diorito  and  porphyry  dykes. 
There  is  a  belt  of  high-grade  gray  copper,  car- 
rying native  copper,  running  through  the  section. 


Looking  at  the  southern  part  of  the  State ^ 
where  free  gold  predominates  and  but  little  has 
been  done,  this  brings  us  the  west  side  of  the 
range  to  Snoqualmie  disti'ict,  Snoqualmie  Pass, 
sixty  miles  east  of  Seattle. 

The  prospecting  of  the  three  branches  of  the 
Snoqualmie  has  shown  good  results,  principally 
in  galena,  and  some  in  copper  pyrites  bearing 
gold,  and  some  in  free  gold.  This  district, 
within  a  few  miles  of  the  terminus  of  Seattle, 
Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad,  should,  with 
proper  management,  be  a  good  producer. 

Farther  north,  the  south  fork  of  the  Skyko- 
mish  river,  along  which  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad  passes,  was  prospected  last  summer, 
with  the  result  of  finding  some  gold  and  some 
high-grade  silver  propositions,  but  no  district 
has  been  establislied. 

From  the  north  fork  of  the  Skykomisb  a 
large  mineral  belt  begins  extending  to  the 
boundary  north,  and  from  the  summit  of  the 
range  west  into  the  foothills.  Troublesome, 
Silver  Creek  and  Sultan  River  districts  are 
located  on  streams  by  those  names.  Trouble- 
some district,  nearest  the  main  range,  is  a 
galena  camp,  but  has  a  few  ledges  of  high-grade 
silver  ore,  in  combination  with  copper  or  as 
black  snlphirrets.  By  the  side  of  this  in  the 
Silver  Creek  district,  seventy  miles  from  Seattle 
and  twelve  miles  from  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  is  the  largest  and  oldest  at  present  of 
the  three.  It  has  good-sized  veins.  It  shows 
a  medium  grade  galena  in  quartz  and  porphyry 
gangue  with  iron  pyrites,  bearing  gold. 

Going  north  on  the  divide  from  Silver  Creek 
is  the  Monte  Cristo  district,  about  ninety  miles 
from  Seattle,  at  the  head  of  two  rivers, — the 
Sauk,  running  north  into  the  Skagit,  and  the 
south  fork  of  the  Stillaguamish  river.  The  ores 
vary.  One  «lass  is  a  galena,  carrying  some 
pyrites  bearing  gold;  another  is  an  arsenical, 
antimonial  pyrites,  which  is  the  gold  ore  of  the 
district;  another  is  the  ordinary  yellow  iron 
pyrites,  bearing  gold.  The  ledges  have  great 
width,  varying  from  two  to  forty  feet.  This 
district   has   awakened   great  interest,  for  it  is 


IlISrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


foremost  in  the  rank  of  development.  A  large 
syndicate  owns  most  of  the  district,  and  is  in- 
vesting several  millions  of  dollars  in  buildincr  a 
railroad  to  the  mines,  developing  the  property, 
erecting  a  smelter,  etc. 

On  the  south  fork  of  the  Stillaguamish  river 
is  the  Stillaguamish  district,  which  extends  sev- 
eral miles  along  the  river  and  is  near  the  rail- 
road that  is  nearly  completed  to  the  Monte 
Cristo  district.  This  district  produces  a  greater 
variety  of  ores  than  any  other.  It  will  be  the 
largest  copper  camp  in  the  State  when  fully 
developed,  the  ore  being  gray  copper,  copper 
pyrites  and  peacock  copper,  all  of  which  carry 
silver  and  gold.  There  are  also  the  galenas  and 
antimonial  iron  pyrites  similar  to  those  in 
Monte  Cristo,  and  some  free  gold  ledges. 

The  country  from  here  north  and  east  of  the 
Sauk  to  the  summit  has  been  prospected  but 
little.  Across  the  summit  from  the  Horse  Shoe 
Basin  district,  at  the  head  of  the  Cascade  river, 
is  the  Cascade  district,  consisting  of  good,  clear 
galena  ore,  having  but  little  gold.  Ledges  have 
been  discovered  assaying  ^5,000,  the  ore  being 
a  mixture  of  galena,  quartz  and  pyrites  carrying 
ruby  silver  and  black  sulphurets  of  silver. 
Thunder  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Skagit,  shows 
some  high-grade  chloride  ores. 

The  Olympic  mountains,  situated  as  they  are 
on  the  peninsula,  without  trails  or  means  of 
transportation,  and  being  so  high  and  steep, 
make  it  difficult  for  the  prospector  to  accom- 
plish much.  Although  good  gold,  silver,  lead 
and  copper  ores  have  been  discovered,  yet  noth- 
ing can  be  done  with  them  now,  unless  within 
a  few  miles  of  water  transportation. 

Stated  in  general,  the  formations  in  the  galena 
districts,  in  the  Cascade  mountains,  are  prac- 
tically the  same,  being  granite,  gneiss,  syenite, 
cjuartzite,  some  slate,  with  porphyuy  dykes.  The 
gangue  of  the  ores  consists  in  quartz  and  por- 
phyry, carrying  in  every  district  pyrites,  some  of 
which  bears  gold,  copper  in  most  places  yield- 
ing gold,  but  occasionally  silver,  and  antimony  in 
the  pyrites  usually  indicating  gold.  The  galenas 
in  all  the  districts  carry  more  or  less  zinc. 


Washington  ores  are  so  characteristic  that 
one  must  know  them  in  different  parts  of  the 
State  to  judge  intelligently;  but  no  one,  after 
giving  the  subject  a  thorough  examination,  can 
but  wonder  if  the  mineral  resources  will  prove 
to  be  as  large  as  the  present  showing  indicates. 
This  outline,  setting  forth  briefly  the  conditions 
of  the  districts  at  present,  will  be  incomplete  in 
six  months,  owing  to  continual  development 
and  the  discovery  of  new  districts.  All  mining 
men  who  have  given  the  districts  an  unpreju- 
diced investigation,  pronounce  them  to  possess 
the  best  surface  showing  ever  seen,  and  assays 
confirm  the  statement.  Nature,  having  uncov- 
ered the  ledges  in  the  way  of  natural  develop- 
ment, has  accomplished  what  would  have  cost 
man  thousands  of  dollars.  So  we  are  not  build- 
ing our  hopes  on   theory  and  delusive  projects. 


The  first  discovery  of  coal  in  Washington 
was  made  in  1852,  and  the  first  mine  was 
opened  on  Bellington  Bay  in  1854.  The  coal 
from  this  mine  was  shipped  to  San  Francisco 
add  was  the  only  coal  shipped  out  of  the  then 
territory  until  1870,  when  exportation  com- 
menced at  Seattle,  from  the  Seattle,  Renton  and 
Talbot  mines,  in  the  vicinity.  A  prominent 
writer  says:  "Washington  is  the  Pennsyl- 
vania of  the  Pacific  coast."  It  is  more.  It  can 
supply  the  entire  Pacific  coast  with  coal  for 
centuries.  It  can  supply  all  the  wants  for  iron 
of  our  great  nation  for  an  equally  long  period. 
How  important  all  this  is,  can  best  be  realized 
when  we  consider  the  fact,  long  well-established, 
that  the  richest  mines  in  the  world,  and  those 
best  calculated  to  increase  the  national  wealth, 
are  those  of  coal  and  iron.  Compare  the  growth 
of  the  population  of  England  and  Wales  with 
the  development  of  their  iron  and  coal  mines. 
In  1821  the  population  was  twelve  million,  and 
the  coal  output  fifteen  million  tons.  In  1881 
the  population  had  increased  to  twenty-six 
million,  and  the  coal  production  to  one  hundred 
and  forty-seven   million  tons.     It   is  a   signifi- 


IIWrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


cant  fact  that  almost  the  only  locality  in  the 
wide  world  which  resembles  Englaiul  in  soil, 
climate  and  natural  resources  and  productions, 
including  inexhaustible  deposits  of  iron  and 
coal,  is  to  be  found  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State  of  Washington.  Washington  possesses 
what  is  probably  the  largest  coal  area  of  any 
State  in  the  Union.  Coal  exists  in  eighteen  of 
the  the  thirty-four  counties,  and  the  estimated 
area  of  the  coal  tields  is  over  1,000,000  acres. 
The  character  of  the  coal  ranges  from  lignite 
to  anthracite,  although  the  anthracite  deposits 
have  not  been  sufficiently  developed  to  enable 
us  to  speak  with  any  certainty  as  to  the  quan- 
tity. The  mines  now  in  operation  are,  with  the 
exception  of  those  at  Roslyn,  all  west  of  the 
Cascades.  These  coal  fields  are  all  within  a 
radius  of  forty  miles  of  tide  water,  and  the  cost 
of  mining  and  transportation  to  tide  waters 
varies  from  $2  to  $2.50  per  ton.  The  follow- 
ing is  quoted  from  an  exhaustive  report  on  the 
Washington  coal  fields,  by  an  experienced  min- 
ing engineer: 

"This  young  and  flourishing  Slate  bears  the 
undisputed  reputation  of  being  the  greatest  in 
coal  beds  and  forests,  as  large  statements  can 
be  made  with  perfect  truthfulness  about  other 
natural  resources;  but  this  is  no  place  to  intro- 
duce them.  Coal  is  our  text  and  we  have  plenty 
to  talk  about.  All  the  Pacific  coast  will  for- 
ever have  to  look  to  this  State  for  its  coal.  What 
we  need  now  is  more  railroads  to  the  coal  fields, 
more  coal  washing  machinery  for  the  heavy 
coking  varieties  of  coal,  more  coke  ovens,  more 
and  cheaper  ocean  transportation,  and  this  State 
will  shut  out  all  competition  from  foreign  coals 
on  the  pacific  coast." 

The  following  tables  will  give  a  better  idea 
of  the  extent  of  coal  operations  and  the  quality 
of  the  coal  than  pages  of  descriptive  matter 
would  do: 


Name  of  Mine.        Output  1891,  Tons.       Employes 

Newcastle 106,514  222 

Franklin 44,557  254 

Cedar  Mountain    15,866  65 

Black  Diamond 111,472  319 

Fairh'v'n  Coal  &  Coke  Co  1,250  35 

Blue  Canyon 7,200  71 

Oilman 55,956  221 

Kangley 5,544  60 

Alta 2,000  26 

Roslyn 331,444  998 

Carbon  Hill 161,041  361 

South  Prairie 44,450  115 

Wilkeson  Mines 64,337  156 

Bucoda 13,385  36 

Pittsburgh 1,950  8 

Centralia 4,850  20 

Not  specified 30,933 


Total. 


1,056,249 


The  following  table  shows  the  product  of  the 
State  for  the  past  five  years  by  counties: 


Short       Short 
tons.        tons. 


Short 
tons. 


1891 
Short 
tojis. 


King.. 
Kittitas 


339,901  546,535  415,779  517,492     429,778 

104,782  220,000  294,701  445,311     348,018 

Pierce 229,785  276,956  273,618  385,886 

Thurston  . .       15,295  43,000  46,480  15,000 


Whatcom  . .     .. 

Not  spec'fd.      82,778    130,259 


271,053 
1,400 
6,000 


Total 772,601  1,225,75L    130,578  1,263,689  1,056,249 


There  is  no  point  in  the  world  where  so  great 
a  quantity  of  good  iron  ores,  good  limestones 
and  good  fuel  can  be  massed  at  so  small  a  cost 
for  handling  as  on  Puget  Sound. 

Iron  ores  are  found  in  Washington  in  four 
distinct  belts,  each  belt  differing  from  the 
others  in  both  the  chemical  and  physical  features 
of  the  ore.  The  Skagit  belt  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Skagit  river,  near  Hamilton,  Skagit 
county,  and  extending  eastward  beyond  Birds- 
view,  has  a  width  of  from  seven  to  eight  miles. 
The  belt  consists  of  a  large  number  of  veins 
which  will  aggregate  fully  500  feet  in  thickness. 
The  strike  of  the  vein  is  southeast,  and  the  dip 
northeast,  on  the  east  side,  and  southeast  on 
the  west  side,  having  an  anticlinal  near  Birds- 
view.  Similar  ores  have  been  found  on  the 
Pillchuck  in  Snohomish  county,  and  on  the  west 
slope  of  the  Cascade  mountains  in  King  county, 
where  the  Guy  and    Denny    mines  are  located. 


HISTOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


These  ores  occur  in  schistose  rocks,  showing 
much  chlorite,  lower  geologically  than  the 
Cretaceous.  These  ores  would  probably  be 
called  clay  iron  stones,  although  carrying  in 
many  cases  more  iron  than  is  generally  found 
in  this  class  of  ore. 

The  ores  are  very  compact  and  hard,  the  iron 
existing  in  part  as  hematite  and  part  as  mag- 
netic, witli  greater  or  less  admixture  of  man- 
ganese oxides  and  more  or  less  combined  silica 
with  varying  small  proportions  of  other  im- 
purities. The  sulphur  and  phosphorus,  however, 
appear  to  be  in  small  quantities. 

Lying  west  of  the  Sound  and  east  of  the 
Olympic  mountains  is  another  belt,  passing 
through  Mason  and  Jefferson  counties.  Near 
Hoodsport,  on  Hood's  Canal,  ten  or  twelve 
veins  of  red  hematite  are  being  opened  by  the 
San  Francisco  Mining  Company. 

Near  Fort  Townsend  a  body  of  brown  hema- 
tite was  worked  and  the  product  smelted  at 
Irondale,  Washington,  by  the  Puget  Sound 
Iron  Company  with  excellent  results.  The 
ores  of  this  belt  are  porous  and  the  silica  is,  to 
a  great  extent,  free;  while  the  sulphur  is  rather 
high  the  phosphorus  is  quite  low. 

There  are  two  strong  belts  of  hematite  ores 
in  Eastern  Washington,  one  near  Ellensburgh, 
Kittitas  county,  the  other  north  and  west  of 
Spokane.  Both  these  belts  show  ores  that  are 
porous  and  soft,  and  with  the  silica,  to  a  great 
extent,  free,  though  rather  large  in  quantity, 
and  phosphorus  very  low  and  sulphur  small. 

Further,  tributary  to  Puget  Sound,  there  is  a 
strong  belt  of  magnetic  ores    cropping  on  Tex- 


ada  Island,  and  extending  southwesterly  across 
Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia.  All  these 
ores  lie  within  easy  reach  of  water  transporta- 
tion. 

There  are  a  number  of  belts  of  limestone 
traversing  the  State,  the  greatest  body  cropping 
on  the  islands  of  San  Juan  county,  where  the 
stone  is  of  excellent  quality,  showing  from 
ninety-five  per  cent,  to  ninety-eight  per  cent, 
carbonate  of  lime,  with  sulphur  not  exceeding 
four  per  cent,  and  phosporus  traces  to  none.  A 
belt  occurs  near  the  Guy  mines  in  King  county, 
a  body  near  Ellensburgh,  and  another  near 
Spokane.  There  is  also  a  strong  belt  of  marble 
in  Vancouver  Island,  which  is  very  free  from 
sulphur  and  phospliorus  and  very  low  in  silica. 

Fuel  can  be  had  in  great  quantity  from  the 
numerous  veins  of  coking  coal  of  Western 
Washington;  and  the  great  extent  of  timber 
makes  charcoal  available  at  small  cost.  The 
timber  consists  of  fir,  alder  and  maple  in  quan- 
tity according  to  order  stated.  The  charcoal 
should  be  delivered  at  any  Puget  Sound  point 
at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  six  cents  per  bushel. 

The  coking  industry  has  been  so  little  devel- 
oj)ed  that  the  cost  of  coke  can  not  yet  be  exact- 
ly determined,  but  from  the  abundance  of  coals 
producing  good  coke  this  fuel  sliould  eventually 
be  cheap  on  Puget  Sound. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  close  proximity 
of  all  the  ores,  fluxes  and  fuels  to  the  great 
water  highway  of  Puget  Sound,  Washington 
should  be  without  a  rival  as  an  iron-producing 
State. 


HISTORY    OF    WA8UINGT0N. 


CHAPTEK   XXXVIII. 

EARLY  WASHINGTON  BAR. 


JERY  imicb  of  the  social  and  intellectual 
history  of  any  country  is  wrapped  up  in 
the  sayings  and  doings  of  the  men  who 
are  connected  with  its  professional  life.  No 
chapters  are  more  interesting  and  instructive 
than  those  that  relate  to  what  they  said  and  did 
and  were.  We  are  persuaded  that  we  could  not 
better  illustrate  the  genius  of  the  times  and  the 
men  tiiat  laid  the  foundations  of  the  now  great 
and  prosperous  State  of  which  we  write,  than 
by  devoting  a  chapter  to  personal  reminiscences 
relating  thereto.  For  the  material  of  this  chap- 
ter we  are  indebted  to  Hon.  J.  J.  McGilvra, 
who  has  himself  been  an  influential  raeml)er  of 
the  bar  of  Washington  for  more  than  thirty 
years,  and  is  now  an  honored  citizen  of  the  chief 
city  of  the  State — Seattle.  Our  readers  will 
surely  appreciate  the  glimpses  it  gives  into  the 
life  and  manners  of  tiie  times  of  long  ago. 

From  the  organization  of  the  Territorial  Gov- 
ernment of  Washington,  in  1853,  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1861,  the  Territorial  Judges  had  all  been 
appointed  by  a  Democratic  government.  In  the 
spring  of  1861  the  first  Republican  appoint- 
ments were  made,  and  during  the  summer  and 
fail  of  that  year  the  Repulilicans  qualifled,  and 
a  radical  change  took  place. 

Tlie  retiring  judges  were:  O.  B.  McFadden, 
Ciiief  Justice,  and  William  Strong  and  E.  C. 
Fitzhugh,  Associate  Justices.  McFadden  was 
succeeded  by  C.  C.  Hewitt,  Strong  by  James  E. 
Wyche,  and  Fitzhugh  by  E.  R.  Oliphant;  how- 
evei-,  Fitzhugh  held  the  August  term  of  the 
District  C'ourt  at  Fort  Townsend,  Oliphant  not 
arriving  until  after  the  close  of  that  term. 

The  population  of  the  Territory  of  AVashing- 
ton,  which  then  embraced  the  three  Northern 
counties  of  what  is  now  the  State  of  Idaho,  was 
less  than  12,000,  and  was  composed  somewhat 
of  a  rough  class  of  people. 

Judge  Fitzhugh  was  a  Virginian,  and  in  1860 
shot  and  killpd  a  man  in  Whatcom  in  a  quarrel. 
17 


He  was  admitted  to  bail,  and  was  afterward  tried 
and  acquitted  at  Olyrapia,  in  the  meantime  per- 
forming his  duties  as  judge  in  the  Third  Judi- 
cial District.  In  1862,  Fitzhugh  went  on  to 
AVashington,  D.  C,  drew  tiie  balance  due  him 
out  of  the  United  States  Treasury,  worked  his 
way  throngh  the  Federal  army  and  into  that  of 
the  Confederacy,  where  he  was  made  Brigadier- 
General,  and  served  the  South  in  that  capacity 
during  the  balance  of  the  Civil  war.  Fitzhugh, 
with  all  his  faults,  was  a  just  and  impartial 
judge  and  a  man  of  very  considerable  ability. 

At  the  August  term,  1861,  at  Port  Town- 
send,  all  the  mill  men  in  the  Third  Judicial 
District  were  indicted  for  cutting  timber  on 
Government  lands,  and  there  being  no  other 
land  in  the  Territory  then  except  a  few  donation 
claims  (but  few  lands  having  been  surveyed  and 
none  sold  by  the  Government),  the  timber  cases 
were  contituied  by  consent  to  await  further  in- 
structions from  the  Government.  The  result  of 
communication  between  the  United  States  At- 
torney and  the  Interior  Department  was  the 
establishment  of  a  rate  of  stumpage,  to  which 
the  mill  men  assented,  and  the  cases  were  all 
settled  upon  the  basis  thus  agreed  ujion. 

At  this  term  of  court  the  sloop  "  Leonede  " 
was  libeled  for  smuggling  Hudson  Bay  blankets 
from  a  Hudson  Bay  barque  (wrecked  on  Race 
Rocks,  in  the  Straits  of  Fuca)  to  Dungeness. 
The  master  of  the  sloop  and  the  Dungeness 
merchant,  who  was  supposed  to  have  received  the 
smuggled  and  stolen  blankets,  were  also  indicted 
for  smuggling.  The  sloop  was  convicted,  con- 
demned and  sold,  but  the  jury  promptly 
acquitted  the  merchant  and  master.  The  proof 
showed  that  the  merchant's  store  was  filled  from 
floor  to  ceiling  with  these  smuggled  !)lankets, 
or  blankets  of  the  same  kind. 

The  Port  Townsend  Bar  at  that  time  em- 
braced some  al)le  men,  among  whom  were  Salu- 
cius  Garfield,  afterward  delegate  to  Congress  for 


ElbTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


two  terms;  and  JB.  F.  Dennisou,  afterward  Chief 
Justice  of  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory 
and  still  an  able  meiuber  of  the  Washington 
JJar. 

The  next  term  of  court  was  held  at  Oiympia 
in  September,  Hewitt  presiding. 

There  were  several  important  criminal  cases 
on  the  docket  of  this  term  at  Oiympia,  among 
which  was  the  case  of  a  man  by  the  name 
of  Riley,  indicted  for  killing  an  Indian. 

A  man  by  the  name  of  Aleck  Smith  had  been 
elected  to  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney 
of  the  Second  Judicial  District,  and  as  he  had 
never  tried  a  case  in  his  life,  even  in  a  Justice 
Court,  he  arranged  with  the  United  States 
attorney  to  represent  him  in  court.  In  fact, 
hy  similar  arrangements,  the  United  States 
Attorney  represented  the  Territory  in  all  the 
judicial  districts  for  several  years. 

Aleck  Smith,  who  was  a  son-in-law  of  Dr. 
Anson  G.  Henry,  liereiuafter  alluded  to,  was 
subsequently  appointed  one  of  the  Justices  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Idaho,  and,  according  to 
current  reports  at  tliat  time,  dispatched  justice 
in  a  primitive  and  summary  manner.  It  is 
said  that  when  it  came  time  to  adjourn  for 
the  drinks,  if  no  attorney  made  (he  necessary 
motion,  the  court  would  make  tiie  requisite 
order  on  its  own  account. 

Eiley's  trial  was  commenced,  but,  notwith- 
standing the  prosecuting  attorney's  protest,  he 
was  allowed  to  run  at  large,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  second  day  of  the  trial  he  became  alarmed 
and  ran  away,  which  resulted,  of  course,  in  a 
discontinuance  of  the  trial  and  the  discharge 
of  the  jury.  The  sheriff  was  not  even  repri- 
manded by  the  court;  and,  after  an  absence  fo 
several  years  in  British  Columbia,  Riley  re- 
turned, but  was  not  molested.  He  had  only 
killed  an  Indian  who  had  objected  to  Riley's 
interference  with  his  (the  Indian's)  domestic 
relations. 

The  next  term  of  the  District  Court  was  held 
at  Vancouver  in  the  latter  part  of  September 
and  the  first  part  of  October,  X861,  Wyche 
presiding. 


Among  the  members  of  the  Vancouver  Bar 
at  that  time  was  the  venerable  Columbia  Lan- 
caster, the  second  delegate  to  Congress  from 
the  Territory,  an  able  man  and  the  Chesterfield 
of  the  Vancouver  Bar. 

The  firm  of  Lawrence  &  Struve,  composed  of 
Andrew  J.  Lawrence  and  Henry  G.  Struve,  was 
the  leading  firm  of  that  bar  in  those  days,  both 
young  and  active  men  and  good  Democrats. 
When  the  Territory  became  hopelessly  Repub- 
lican, Lawrence  migrated  to  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  but  Struve  chose  the  better  course  by 
becoming  a  good  Republican  and  remaining  in 
the  country  where  he  has  met  with  general 
success,  both  at  the  bar  and  in  politics,  as  he 
has  so  far  stuck  to  the  Republican  party. 

There  was  nothing  unusual  at  this  term  of 
court,  and  at  its  close  the  judge  and  most  of  the 
attorneys  went  to  Walla  Walla  to  hold  the  fall 
term  of  court  there. 

Judge  William  Strong,  the  retiring  Judge  of 
the  Second  Judicial  District,  was  in  attendance 
at  the  Vancouver  term,  and  also  went  with  us 
to  Walla  Walla.  Judge  Strong  was  one  of  the 
ablest  jurists  of  Oregon  and  Washington  in 
those  days,  and  was  the  real  author  of  the  first 
Code  of  Washington. 

In  ascending  the  Columbia  river  from  Van- 
couver to  Walla  Walla  on  the  old  steamer 
"Okanogan,"  we  wei'e  wrecked  at  the  John 
Day's  Rapids,  and  had  to  lie  there  for  three 
days  and  until  the  steamer  "George  S.  Wright" 
came  up  the  river.  In  making  a  sharp  turn  in 
the  river  at  that  point,  the  current  caught  the 
bow  of  the  boat,  and  threw  it  around  and  back 
down  stream,  where  one  of  the  compartments 
in  the  hull  was  caught  on  a  sharp  protruding 
rock,  and  the  vessel  was  there  held  careened 
sidewise  at  an  angle  of  over  thirty  degrees 
until  after  we  left  her.  Still,  we  had  plenty  to 
eat  and  plenty  of  blankets,  so  that  all  hands 
were  made  comfortable  on  board  or  on  shore,  as 
the  passengers  chose.  We  had  a  boat  and  spent 
much  of  the  time  fishing  in  the  John  Day's  river. 
Colonel  A.  C.  Gibbs,  a  member  of  the  Portland 
Bar  and   afterward  Governor  of    the    State  of 


n I  STOUT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Oregon,  was  the  Izaak  Walton    of   onr  party. 

In  dne  time  we  arrived  at  Walla  Walla,  at 
t!;at  time  a  veritable  mining  town.  Every  pnb- 
lic  house  was  a  gambling  saloon,  and  gambling 
was  as  open  as  daylight.  In  fact,  the  foreman 
of  the  jury  was  Colonel  Stone,  of  the  firm  of 
Stone  &  Bali,  the  principal  gambling  house  in 
town.  Colonel  Stone  was  not  only  a  good 
member  of  the  grand  Jury  in  general,  but 
when  the  question  came  up  of  indicting  the 
gambling  houses  he  voted  for  it  every  time. 

Tiie  court  was  held  in  the  second  story  or 
loft  of  one  of  these  gambling  houses,  ap- 
proached by  outside  stairs,  and  it  was  one  of  the 
most,  if  not  the  most,  primitive  temples  of 
Justice  that  ever  existed  in  any  country.  The 
building  was  constructed  of  hewed  sticks  of 
timber,  clapboarded  on  the  outside  but  entirely 
nTifinislied  on  the  inside.  The  naked,  hewed 
logs  at  the  sides,  and  the  rough  joists  and 
rafters  overhead  was  the  inside  finish. 

Some  Indians  had  killed  a  Frenchman  six  or 
seven  miles  from  Walla  Walla  a  few  days  before 
court  convened,  and  while  court  was  in  session 
one  of  the  Indians  arrested  confessed,  and 
oifered  to  conduct  the  sheriff  to  the  spot  where 
the  body  was  buried.  As  the  event  was  an 
important  one,  the  court  adjourned,  and  the 
slieriff,  judge  and  prosecuting  attorney,  and 
others,  accompanied  the  Indian  to  the  spot 
indicated,  where,  sure  enough,  we  found  the 
l)ody  buried  at  the  roots  of  a  tree,  about  a  foot 
under  ground. 

The  Frenchman  was  a  returned  miner  wiio 
had  been  camping  near  where  his  body  was 
found,  and  the  motive  for  the  killing  was 
money;  but  we  found  $500  in  gold  coin 
fastened  under  one  arm,  beneath  his  clothing, 
which  the  murderers  had  failed  to  find. 

There  was  no  jail  in  the  county'  then  and  the 
accused  Indians,  two  in  number,  were  manacled 
and  cliained  to  staples  driven  in  tiie  walls  of  the 
court  room.  The  attorneys'  seats  were  common 
benches,  and  there  w'as  one  small  table  in  the 
room,  which  in  the  evening  was  sometimes  used 
by  the  attorneys  for  a  social  game  of  cards.  The 


cards  were  deposited  for  safe  keeping  dui-ing  the 
day  on  the  judge's  desk,  which  was  an  old- 
fashioned  wash-stand. 

One  day,  during  the  session  of  court,  one  of 
the  Indian  prisoners,  by  getting  the  length  of 
his  chain  from  the  wall,  and  reaching  well  out, 
got  possession  of  the  cards,  and  during  the  bal- 
ance of  the  day's  session  the  Indians  enjoyed 
themselves  in  a  series  of  social  games.  A  cut 
of  that  scene  would  make  a  good  view  for  one 
of  our  magazines. 

The  United  States  attorney  and  his  immediate 
predecessor,  Butler  P.  Anderson,  in  September, 
1861,  traveled  together  from  Olympia  to  Van- 
couver to  attend  that  term  of  the  court.  At 
Burbank's  Hotel,  at  Monticello,  the  shipping 
point  for  Portland  and  Vancouver,  they  met 
some  returning  miners  who  had  two  Cayuse 
ponies  with  saddles  and  bridles  for  sale  at 
twenty-five  dollars  for  each  horse,  with  the  sad- 
dle and  bridle.  The  horses  had  been  turned 
out  to  pasture,  but  as  the  saddles  and  bridles 
were  worth  about  that  sum,  the  ex-United  States 
attorney  and  successor  purchased  the  outfits. 
Anderson  returned  first,  and  of  couse  had  his 
choice  as  to  ponies;  whether  he  got  the  best  one 
or  not  was  never  known,  but  the  one  left  was 
not  of  much  account,  and  on  the  return,  at  Jack- 
son's, a  half  day's  ride  from  Monticello,  gave 
out  and  the  attorney  traded  him  off  for  another, 
giving  five  dollars  to  boot.  At  Pumpliry's, 
twelve  miles  further  on,  he  again  traded,  getting 
seven  and  a  half  dollars  to  boot,  and  at  Van 
Warmers',  thirty  miles  from  Olympia,  sold  his 
pony  for  twenty-five  dollars,  took  his  saddle  and 
bi'idle  and  went  on  to  Olympia  in  the  stage  for 
$2.50,  having  cleared  the  saddle  and  bridle  iti 
the  operation. 

Anderson,  who  was  a  Mississippian  and  a 
brother  of  General  Patterson  Anderson,  soon 
returned  to  the  South,  also,  and  it  is  believed 
entered  the  Confederate  army,  but  tlie  writer  is 
not  certain  as  to  that. 

Next  in  order  came  the  annual  session  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Olympia 
in  January,  1882. 


niSTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


The  most  important  case  on  the  docket  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  that  term  was  the  capital 
ease,  so-caHed.  Tlie  Legislature,  at  itsprevious 
session,  had  passed  an  act  re-locating  the  capi- 
tal at  Vancouver,  hut  the  act  was  detective  in 
not  having  an  enacting  clanfe.  The  case  was 
argued  pro  and  con  by  the  ablest  lawyers  at  the 
har,  among  whom  was  ex-Chief  Justice  Edward 
Lander,  the  first  Chief  Jnstice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Territory',  an  able  jurist,  and  now 
an  active,  though  aged  member  of  the  har  of 
Washington,  D.  C;  and  Hon.  Elwood  Evans, 
secretary  and  acting  governor  of  the  Territory, 
and  now  a  resident  of  Tacoma.  Judge  Strong 
and  others  were  also  engaged  in  this  cause. 

The  case  was  decided  against  Vancouver  and 
in  favor  of  Olympia  by  a  divided  court,  Wyche 
dissenting. 

The  winter  of  1861  and  two  was  the  hardest 
ever  known  in  this  country,  either  before  or 
since  that  time.  Snow  commenced  to  fall  on 
Christmas,  1861,  and  lay  on  the  ground  until 
April,  1862. 

The  terms  of  court  were  so  arranged  at  that 
time  with  reference  to  the  convenience  of  the 
United  States  Marshal  and  attorney  that  the 
last  term  in  the  spring  and  the  first  terms  in 
the  fall  should  be  held  east  of  the  Cascade 
mountains.  Consequently  the  writer,  as  United 
States  attorney,  was  required  to  sjiend  the  sum- 
mer in  Eastern  Washington. 

A  light,  covered  spring-wagon  and  a  good 
span  of  Indian  ponies  were  considered  the  best 
means  of  transportation  for  himself  and  family, 
consisting  of  a  wife  and  two  small  children,  as 
there  was  then  no  rail  and  but  little  water  trans- 
portation ou  the  lines  to  be  traversed.  Conse- 
quently, about  the  middle  of  March,  thus 
equipped,  we  started  from  Olympia  to  make  the 
portage  to  Columbia  river  through  snow  and 
mud.  At  about  thirty  miles  from  Olympia  we 
had  to  employ  an  extra  team,  and  at  Pumphry's 
Landing,  ou  the  Cowlitz,  we  had  to  ship  the 
wife,  babies  and  wagon  ou  two  canoes  lashed  to- 
gether, taking  the  horses  over  the  mountain  by 
a  trail  through   the  deep    snow,    and    meetino- 


again  at  Monticello,  at  which  point  we  shipped 
on  board  a  steamer  for  Vancouver,  landing, 
however,  about  six  miles  below  Vancouver  at  a 
point  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette,  as 
the  steamer  was  bound  for  Portland. 

After  attending  a  term  of  court  at  Vancouver, 
we  again  shipped  for  the  Dalles,  and  from  that 
place  followed  the  old  stage  road  to  Walla 
Walla. 

At  Putter  creek  our  horses  were  stolen,  and 
we  went  into  Walla  Walla  with  a  mule  and  a 
sore- backed  pony  hired  for  the  occasion  from 
some  miners  en  route  for  the  Boise  and  Oro  Fino 
country.  A  reward  was  offered  for  the  ponies, 
and  while  attending  the  court  at  Walla  Walla 
they  wei-e  returned  to  us  not  much  the  worse 
for  wear,  but  plaiidy  marked  liy  jiack-saddles. 
They  had  been  packed  to  the  I'owder  Piver 
mines. 

We  aftei-ward  went  to  Lewiston  and  the  Lap- 
wai  Indian  Ileservation,  and  also  to  Colville, 
with  this  same  outfit,  and  finally  traded  it  off 
for  a  house  and  lot  in  Walla  Walla  and  went  to 
housekeeping.  We  bought  a  cook-stove,  car- 
pet, and  some  old-fashioned  wooden-bottomed 
chairs,  all  we  could  obtain  in  Walla  Walla;  our 
bedsteads,  tables,  etc.,  we  made  ourselves,  and 
with  calico  window  curtains,  and  such  other 
things  to  match  as  we  could  make  or  purchase, 
we  were  not  only  comfortable  but  cozy. 

When  we  arrived  at  Walla  Walla,  being  a 
United  States  official,  be  were  invited  to  take 
possession  of  some  vacant  officers'  (quarters, 
which  we  gladly  did,  and  on  starting  out  for 
Lewiston  at  the  close  of  the  term  of  Court,  the 
Quarter  Master  loaned  us  a  good  wall-tent  with 
a  fly,  and  after  that  we  had  comfortable  quar- 
ters whenever  we  camped. 

At  Lewiston,  which  was  then  literally  a  city 
of  tents,  we  had  one  of  the  best  houses  in 
town. 

Lewiston,  which  was  a  mining  t(.)wn,  was  sit- 
uated upon  the  Lapwai  Reservation,  but  spirit- 
uous liquors  and  wine,  as  well  as  malt  liquors, 
were  brought  in  by  the  cargo,  notwithstanding 
the  Indian    intercourse  act   making  it  a  crime 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


punishable  by  both  liue  and  imprisonment  to 
take  spirituous  liquor  or  wine  into  the  Indian 
country. 

Early  in  July,  1802,  Judge  Oliphant,  Salu- 
cius  Garfielde,  Shell  Fargo,  Charlie  Allen,  the 
butler  at  AValla  Walla  military  post,  and  my- 
self started  from  Walia'Walla  to  Colville  for  the 
purpose  of  holding  a  term  of  the  district 
court,  the  first  ever  held  at  the  latter  place.  ^Ve 
had  the  ponies  and  wagon  already  described  and 
two  riding  mules.  The  distance  was  210  miles, 
and  there  was  no  inhabitant  on  the  road  e.xcept 
a  ferryman  at  the  crossing  of  the  Snake  river 
and  another  at  the  crossing  of  the  Spokane,  about 
ciahtoen  miles  below  the  present  city  of  Spo- 
kane. 

We  carried  our  grub  and  slept  under  two 
small  tly-tents.  Gartielde  was  a  good  cook,  iiav- 
ing  had  more  experience  than  the  rest  of  us.  A 
frying-pan  and  coffee-pot  composed  our  cook- 
ing outfit.  We  baked  our  bread  in  the  frying- 
pan,  broiled  our  bacon  before  the  fire  on  shai'j)- 
ened  sticks,  catching  the  drippings  on  our 
fresh-baked  bread,  and  settled  our  coffee  with 
cold  water,  using  buffalo  chips  mostly  for  fuel. 
The  bread,  bacon  and  coffee  on  that  trip  had  a 
relish  that  it  lias  seldom  l)een  the  good  torture 
of  tlic  writer  to  enjoy. 

On  the  route,  and  somewhere  near  Medical 
Lake,  we  met  the  Colville  garrison,  consisting 
of  regular  troops  ordered  east,  having  been  re- 
lieved by  Oregon  and  Washington  volunteers. 
The  officers,  of  course,  Irad  some  good  com- 
missary whisky  along,  of  which  we  were  invited 
to  ]i;'.rtake. 

Shell  Fargo  was  the  teamster,  and  although  it 
was  not  observed  that  he  had  appropriated  more 
than  his  share  of  the  commissary,  it  was  not 
long  after  we  had  parted  company  with  the  sol- 
diers before  he  upset  the  wagon  and  spilled  out 
his  passengers.  Judge  Oliphant  and  Salucius 
Garfielde. 

Garfielde  was  smoking  at  the  time,  and  Fargo 
always  insisted  that  he  never  lost  his  hold  or 
ceased  to  puft"  on  that  old  pipe;  Garfielde  was  a 
man  not  easily  disturbed;  but  not  so  with  Oli- 


phant; although  not  hurt,  his  nerves  were  con- 
siderably shaken  up. 

Upon  arriving  at  Colville  we  were  offered 
cpmrters  at  the  military  post.  Fark  Win  nans 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  court;  the  sheriff 
summoned  a  grand  and  petit  jury  and  the 
business  of  the  term  commenced.  No  court  hav- 
ing been  liefore  organized  and  this  being  the 
first  term,  of  course  there  were  no  cases  on  the 
docket.  The  people  of  Colville  had  looked  for- 
ward to  the  first  term  of  the  court  with  a  good 
deal  of  interest  and  were  anxious  to  make  a  good 
showing  witli  a  view  to  regular  terms  thereaf- 
ter. Consequently  the  grand  jury  indicted 
every  one  suspected  of  doing  wrong,  and  all  the 
people  who  had  disjjutes  to  settle  came  into 
court,  waived  the  service  of  process,  made  \\p 
the  issues  in  their  causes  and  went  to  trial.  The 
result  was  that  several  criminal  and  civil  cases 
were  tried,  two  or  three  divorces  granted,  and 
Garfielde  and  myself  made  about  $150  each. 

Shell  Fargo  was  appointed  United  States 
marshal. 

During  this  term  of  court  all  hands  went 
over  to  the  Hudson  Fay  Fost,  about  fifteen  miles 
north  of  Colville,  then  in  charge  of  McDonald. 
Tins  Hudson  Bay  Fost  was  near  the  Kettle 
Falls  in  the  Columbia  river,  and  at  these  falls 
were  the  principal  fisheries  of  the  upper  Col- 
umbia, from  which  several  tribes  of  Indians 
derived  their  main  sustenance.  When  we  were 
tliere  several  acres  of  ground  were  occupied  in 
drying  and  smoking  the  salmon  already  caught. 

On  the  return  trip  from  Colville  to  Walla 
Walla  Judge  Oliphant  was  very  anxious  to  get 
sight  of  a  coyote,  as  we  could  hear  them  in  the 
distance  nearly  every  night.  The  last  night  be- 
fore reaching  Walla  Walla,  we  camped  on  the 
Touchet,  where  we  got  some  oats  in  the  sheaf 
for  our  horses,  wliich  were  picketed  out  near 
our  tents.  In  the  night  we  heard  a  racket 
among  the  horses  and  I  got  up  and  went  out  to 
see  what  the  trouble  was.  I  found  several  In- 
dian ponies,  called  "  cayuses,"  taking  the  feed 
from  our  own  ponies,  which  intruders  I  drove 
away  and  then  returned  to  beil.     Garfielde  asked 


n I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


what  was  the  matter,  and  I  replied  that  there 
were  a  lot  of  cayuses  around,  when  up  jumped 
Judge  Oliphant  and  enquired,  "  Where  are  thej  ? 
where  are  they?"  I  replied  that  they  were  just 
outside  not  far  from  our  animals.  Out  the 
Judge  went,  half  dressed,  but  after  a  short  time 
returned  saying  that  he  could  not  see  any  cay- 
uses. Garfielde  remarked  that  probably  they  had 
gone  away,  and  that  "  yon  never  could  tind  that 
breed  of  Indian  ponies  when  you  wanted  them, 
anyway!"  At  that,  Oliphant,  who  had  gotten 
into  bed  again,  raised  up  and  shrieked  "Ponies! 
Ponies!  I  thought  you  said  they  were  cay- 
uses?" When  Oliphant  finally  saw  the  joke 
that  had  been  played  on  him,  he  was  as  much 
out  of  hnmor  as  such  a  good  sonl  could  be, 
and  didn't  speak  to  any  of  us  for  several  days, 
unless  he  was  obliged  to! 

Judge  Oliphant  was  an  elderly  man,  of  large 
frame  and  equally  large  heart,  unaccustomed  to 
the  rough  ways  of  the  Western  wilds,  and  he 
soon  tired  of  his  position  as  Judge.  After  hold- 
ing terms  of  court  at  Oro  Fino  and  Boise  City 
among  the  miners,  who  carried  their  revolvers 
in  the  coiirt-room  as  elsewhere,  the  Judge  re- 
signed to  take  a  clerkship  in  the  General  Land 
Ofiice  in  Washington  city,  where  he  could  live 
in  peace  and  quiet,  and  there  spent  the  balance 
of  his  days. 

In  consequence  of  the  obliging  disposition  of 
Judge  Oliphant  and  his  desire  to  please  every- 
one, and  especially  the  attorneys,  he  sometimes 
got  himself  into  au  awkward  predicament. 

During  the  fall  terra  of  18G2  at  Walla  Walla, 
J  udge  Lander  and  General  Bridges  were  pitted 
against  each  other  in  a  cause  that  came  up  for 
hearing  on  demurrer.  Judge  Lander  made  a 
speech  in  support  of  the  demurrer,  and  the 
Judge  promptly  decided  in  his  favor  without 
waiting  to  hear  General  Bridges;  but  Bridges 
as  promptly  jumped  to  his  feet,  saying,  "  Hold 
on,  Judge;  I  have  a  right  to  be  heard!"  "  Well," 
says  the  Judge,  "what  have  you  got  to  say?" 
Whereupon  the  general  launched  out  upon  an 
argument  that  soon  convinced  the  Judge  that 
his  first  ruling   was   wrong,    whereupon    lie   as 


promptly  decided  in  favor  of  the  general ;  but 
Lander,  of  course,  was  not  satisfied  and  claimed 
his  right  to  the  closing  argument  and  proceeded 
with  his  side  of  the  case.  At  the  close  of  Judge 
Lander's  argument.  Judge  Oliphant  threw  him- 
self back  in  his  chair  and  with  his  arms  hang- 
ing loosely  by  his  side  in  despair  exclaimeil: 
"Gentlemen,  I  wish  I  could  please  you  both!", 
adjourned  the  court  and  took  the  case  under 
advisement. 

After  the  fall  term  of  court  at  Walla  Walla, 
we  removed  down  the  Columbia  and  Vancou- 
ver, which  was  thenceforth  our  headquarters 
until  the  fall  of  1804,  when  we  located  at  Seat- 
tle. 

The  next  session  of  court  was  the  annual  ses- 
sion of  the  Supreme  Court  for  l862-'6;3.  It 
was  during  this  terinof  the  Supreme  Court  that 
B.  F.  Kendall  was  shot  and  killed  by  a  young 
man  by  the  name  of  Ilowe. 

Kendall  was  an  able  man  l)ut  a  bitter  part- 
isan and  relentless  foe.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  Superintendent  of  the  Indian  Af- 
fairs for  Washington  Territory,  and  was  also 
the  proprietor  and  editor  of  a  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  Olympia.  Kendall  took  occasion, 
with  or  without  cause,  to  attack  most  bitterly 
young  Howe's  father  in  his  newspaper.  The 
elder  Howe,  meeting  Kendall  on  the  streets  of 
Olympia,  undertook  to  castigate  him  with  a 
cane,  but  Kendall  defended  himself  with  a  re- 
volver and  wounded  Howe,  though  not  seri- 
ously. I  was  after  this  that  young  Howe  es- 
poused the  quarrel  of  his  father,  and,  as  it  was 
understood  at  the  time,  demanded  of  Kendall  a 
retraction  of  the  article  containing  an  attack 
upon  the  elder  Howe.  The  final  meeting  was 
in  Kendall's  ofiice,  without  the  presence  of  any 
third  person,  with  the  result  that  Kendall  was 
shot  dead.  Public  sentiment  was  divided  as  to 
the  merits  of  the  Kendall-Howe  controversy, 
and  as  Kendall  had  many  bitter  enimies,  al- 
though young  Howe  was  committed  for  mur- 
der, the  grand  jury  failed  to  indict  him,  and 
he  was  liberated  after  about  three  months'  im- 
prisonment in  the  Thurston  county  jail.  Young 


BISTORT    OF     WASniNOrON. 


275 


Howe  reiuoveiJ   to    California,   wliej-e   he  soon 
died  of  consumption. 

At  the  fall  term  of  court,  1862,  several  indict- 
ments were  found  by  the  grand  jnry  at  Port 
Townsend  against  Victor  Smith,  then  collector  of 
customs  for  the  Pnget  Sound  district.  Smith  had 
previously  procured  the  removal  of  the  custom- 
house from  Port  Townsend  to  Port  Angles,  and 
of  course  the  feeling  was  very  bitter  at  Port  Town- 
send  against  him.  Smith  procured  a  change  of 
venue  from  Port  Townsend  to  Olympia,  and 
when  the  proper  time  arrived,  boarded  the  re- 
venue cutter  with  his  witnesses  and  set  sail  for 
Olympia.  The  people  of  Port  Townsend,  not 
to  be  outdone  by  Victor  Smith,  chartered  a 
steamer,  which  they  designated  as  "  Revenue 
Cutter  No.  2,"  and  with  the  attorneys,  witness- 
es, etc.,  for  the  prosecution,  also  set  sail  for 
Olympia. 

The  indictments  against  Smith  contained 
numerous  counts  for  all  sorts  of  crimes  and 
misdemeanors,  most  of  which  were  no  doubt 
imaginary.  After  considerable  skirmishing  on 
the  part  of  the  respectively  attorneys,  these  cases 
were  continued  until  the  spring  term  of  18fi3, 
and  were  then  dismissed  by  order  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury. 

The  war  upon  Victor  Smith  was  not  wholly 
confined  to  Port  Townsend.  Smith  was  the 
warm  personal  friend  and  protege  of  Salmon 
P.  Chase,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  was 
disposed  to  run  the  politics  of  the  Territory. 

Dr.  Anson  G.  Henry,  Surveyor  General  of 
the  Territory,  was  an  old  personal  friend  and 
former  family  physician  of  President  Lincoln, 
and  he  was  also  disposed  to  assume  the  rule  of 
political  boss. 

There  was,  therefore,  an  irrepressible  conflict 
between  Smith  and  Henry,  which  could  end 
only  with  the  absolute  defeat  of  the  one  or  the 
other.  After  the  dismissal  of  the  Smith  in- 
dictments, the  war  was  transferred  to  Washing- 
ton city,  Henry  having  the  ear  of  Lincoln,  and 
Smith  that  of  Chase.  Finally,  in  the  winter  of 
1864-'65,  Henry  and  Smith  both  went  to  the 
city  of  'Washington  in    person,  and  the  final  re- 


suit  was  the  removal  of  Smith    irom    the   office 
of  collector  of  customs. 

A  singular  circumstance  connected  with  this 
contest  was  that  both  Henry  and  Smith,  on 
their  return  trip  home,  were  fellow  passengers 
on  the  ill-fated  steamer,  "  Brother  Jonathan,  " 
which  was  lost  in  the  early  spring  of  1865  off 
Crescent  Harbor,  on  tiie  California  coast,  and 
both  perished  in  the  wreck. 

Some  funny  things  happened  in  connection 
with  the  administration  of  justice  in  these  early 
days. 

In  1864  or  1865,  the  sheriff  of  Island  county 
and  one  of  his  deputies  were  indicted  for  mur- 
der. They  were  charged  with  killing  an  In- 
dian at  Conpeville,  on  "Whidby  Island.  They 
were  arrested  and  held  to  bail,  but  in  the  mean- 
time, between  their  examination  and  the  next 
term  of  court,  continued  to  perform  the  duties 
of  the  sheriff's  office,  which  in  part  consisted 
in  summoning  a  portion  of  the  grand  jury  and 
petit  jury  for  the  next  term  at  Port  Townsend 
when  and  where  are  they  to  be  tried.  They 
were  duly  indicted,  and  patiently  awaited  their 
turn  to  be  tried,  the  sheriff,  in  the  meantime, 
acting  as  one  of  the  bailiffs  of  the  court,  until 
the  judge's  attention  was  called  to  the  fact, 
when  his  service  at  the  term  of  court  were  dis- 
pensed with,  notwithstanding  his  vigorous  pro- 
test. 

There  were  several  murder  cases  on  the 
docket  of  that  term.  One  was  against  a  man 
by  the  name  of  Martin  for  killing  one  Kelly 
at  Port  Ludlow.  Wyche  presided.  Judge  Den- 
nison  and  myself  prosecuted,  and  Judge  Mc- 
Fadden  and  Frank  Clarke  defended. 

It  was  during  this  trial  that  Frank  Clarke 
objected  to  a  very  popular  question  asked  the 
witness  by  Judge  Dennison,  and  the  presiding 
Judge  in  surprise  asked  Clarke  what  his  objeC' 
tion  was,  when  Frank  replied  that  his  objection 
was  not  so  much  to  the  question  itself  as  to 
the  very  grave  and  solemn  manner  in  which  it 
was  asked! 

The  result  of  the  Martin  case  was  a  proujpt 
acquittal  by  the  jury,  much  to  the  disgust  of  the 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


judge,  who,  after  repreinanding  tlie  jury,  an- 
nounced that  the  balance  of  the  capital  cases 
would  be  continued  to  the  next  term.  There- 
upon, the  attorney  for  the  Island  coutity  sheriff 
undertook  to  argue  the  matter  with  the  court 
as  to  the  slieriff's  case,  and  finally  tlie  sheriff, 
himself,  no  doubt  thinking  the  attorney  was 
not  making  much  headway,  arose  and  an- 
nounced to  the  court  that  he  was  now  present 
and  ready  to  be  tried,  and  that  he  did  not  pro- 
pose to  dance  attendance  at  the  next  term  of 
court,  which  would  convene  about  harvest 
time, — a  very  busy  season  for  him.  The  court, 
however,  ordered  the  sheriff  into  custody  and 
continued  tlie  cases.  It  is  needless  to  say  the 
sheriff  was  never  convicted. 

Charles  Ben  Darwin  was  the  successor  of 
Judge  Oliphant,  and  lield  his  first  term  at 
Seattle. 

Among  the  attorneys  who  had  been  in  the 
habit  of  re-arguing  their  cases  before  Oliphant 
after  they  had  been  decided  and  sometimes  with 
success,  was  Frank  Clarke  of  Steilacoom.  On 
the  first  day  of  Darwin's  term,  the  judge 
promptly  overruled  one  of  Clarke's  demurrers, 
whereupon  Mr.  Clarke  undertook  to  re-ai-gue  it. 
The  judge  stopped  him  by  saying,  "  There  is 
nothing  before  the  court,  Mr.  Clarke."  "Yes, 
but — ''  said  Frank.  "  ]\[r.  Clarke"  said  the 
Judge  very  emphatically,  "  I  tell  you  there  is 
nothing  before  this  court!"  Whereupon 
CMarke  eat  down  and  remarked  in  a  loud  whisper 

that  "  that  was  the  d st  court"  he  ever  saw; 

whereupon  the  judge  turned  to  the  clerk  and 
ordered  him  to  enter  up  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars 
against  Mr.  Clarke,  and  called  the  next  case. 
Clarke,  somewhat  crestfallen,  walked  up  to  the 
clerk's  desk  and  paid  his  fine  in  greenbacks, 
then  worth  about  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar.  He 
then  went  out  doors  to  give  vent  to  his  feelincrs 
and  cool  off.  After  talking  the  matter  over 
a  while  with  his  friends,  he  borrowed  a  handful 
of  twenty-dollar  gold  pieces  of  Charlie  Terry 
and  returned  to  the  court-room,  when,  at  the 
firsr  opportunity,  be  arose,  and,  pulling  out  the 
shining    twenties   and   exhibiting   them   to  the 


court,  said:  "  May  it  please  the  Court:  I  did 
not  understand  whether  my  fine  was  to  be  paid 
in  currency  or  coin.  1  paid  it  in  currency,  but 
if  it  was  intended  to  be  in  coin,  I  will  correct 
the  raistate."  "  Suit  yourself,"  said  the  judge, 
and  proceeded  with  the  business  of  the  Court. 
Clarke,  who  was  an  able  man,  but  what  might 
be  called  a  "roustabout"  in  practice,  never  fairly 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  this  defeat. 

At  the  same  term  of  court,  and  on  the  same 
day.  Dr.  Mayn&rd  was  fined  by  the  court  five 
dollars  for  failure  to  appear  as  a  witness. 
Maynard  never  paid  his  tine,  but  went  out 
among  the  boys,  and  the  first  thing  he  said  was 
that  that  was  the  meanest  thing  he  ever  knew  a 
court  to  do.  "  Why,"  said  the  Doctor,  "  he 
fined  Frank  Clarke  fifty  dollars  like  a  gentle- 
man, and  then  he  has  fined  me  five  dollars  like 
a  sonof-a-guni  " 

It  was  at  this  term  that  the  celebrated  case 
of  James  Crow  vs.  Thomas  Alvord  was  tried 
before  Darwin  and  a  jury.  Alvord  had  killed 
a  female  pnp  belonging  to  Crow,  that  was 
supposed  to  be  the  making  of  a  good  bear-dog, 
a  valuable  animal  in  those  days. 

The  case  was  first  tried  before  Justice  Mc- 
Millan near  where  Kent  now  is,  by  the  parties 
without  attorneys,  but  as  the  jury  failed  to 
agree,  Crow  employed  the  writer  to  go  up  and 
re-try  the  case,  and  Alvord  employed  Dick  Ward 
on  his  side. 

The  only  law  book,  aside  from  the  Territorial 
Statntes,  used  in  this  trial,  was  a  con  pie  of  leaves 
cut  from  an  old  number  of  Peterson's  Magazine, 
containing  a  fine  steel  engraving  of  a  beautiful 
hound,  and  a  poem  descriptiveof  his  many  good 
(|ualities! 

Having  to  ride  on  horse-back  some  twenty 
miles  over  a  rough  trail  it  was  impracticable  to 
carry  much  of  a  law  library,  even  if  it  had  been 
at  band,  and  would  not  have  been  of  great  use 
in  any  event. 

The  scene  of  the  poem  and  engraving  was  laid 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  Luarth,  the 
high-bred  and  noble  greyhound  of  Chieftain 
Cameron,  had  been  shot  by  some  miscreant  and 


HISTORY    OF    MASIIINGtoN. 


had  come  home  to  die  on  his  master's  lieartli-rng. 
Chieftain  Cameron  sits  by  the  open  fire-place 
with  his  trusty  fire-lociv  across  his  knee,  looking 
down  into  the  appealing  eyes  of  tlie  faithful  ani- 
mal, dreaming  of  vengeance,  while  his  daughters, 
Jenny  and  Cathleen,  stand  on  either  side,  giving 
vent  to  their  grief  in  a  shower  of  tears.  The 
poem  was  a  pathetic  description  of  the  wortli, 
attachment  and  fidelity  of  the  expiring  victim  of 
some  secret  enemy. 

This  engraving  and  poem  settled  the  question 
with  tliat  jury,  and  the  plaintiff  obtained  a  judg- 
ment for  $20,  and  defendant  appealed.  At  the 
tiial  in  the  district  court.  Judge  Dennison  was 
employed  as  assistant  counsel  for  plaintiff,  and 
Judge  McFadden  and  Frank  Clark  were  em- 
ployed for  the  defense.  In  the  argument  to 
the  jury.  Judge  Dennison  read  Byron's  inscrip- 
tion upon  a  monument  to  a  Newfoundland  dog. 
I  again  exhibited  the  engraving  and  read  the 
poem,  while  Judge  McFadden  made  some  quota- 
tions from  Shakespeare,  not  (|uite  so  complis 
mentary  to  the  dog  and  exhibiting  some  of  his 
worst  qualities. 

This  was  the  great  case  of  that  term,  and  re- 
sulted in  a  verdict  of  ten  cents  for  the  plaintiff', 
which,  however,  carried  the  costs,  amounting  to 
over  $300,  besides  the  attorney's  fees. 

At  the  last  term  of  court  held  by  Judge 
Oliphant  in  Seattle,  in  1863,  I  think,  during  the 
trial  of  a  cause,  the  w-riter  had  occasion,  as  he 
thought,  to  criticise  very  severely  some  act  of 
the  auditor  of  King  county, when  he  was  inter- 
rupted l^y  the  judge,  who  thought  the  criticism 
too  severe;  but  the  attorney  persisting,  the 
judge  finally  screamed  out:  "Sit  down,  Mr. 
McGilvra;  sit  down!     I  want  you  to  understand 

when  this  court  is  'roused,  its 'roused!" 

Tiie  strong  rising  inflection  upon  the  first 
"  'roused",  and  the  marked  falling  inflection 
upon  the  last  "  'roused,"  made  the  scene  so  ridic- 
ulous that  the  bar  commenced  to  laugh,  and, 
finally  seeing  the  humorous  side  of  the  affair, 
the  judge  joined  in  the  laugh,  and  so  the  matter 
ended.     This  was  the  fall  term. 

At  the  spring  term,  previous.  Judge  "Wyche 


presided,  and  during  the  trial  of  a  criminal  case 
old  Manuel  Lopez,  now  an  inmate  of  the  Provi- 
dence Hospital,  I  think,  was  called  as  a  witness 
in  a  criminal  ease.  He  came  forward  but  re- 
fused to  be  sworn  or  to  testify  until  his  fees  had 
been  paid.  The  judge  informed  him  that  he 
could  not  demand  his  fees  in  advance  in  a  crim- 
inal case,  to  which  Manuel  replied,  "  I  don't 
know  about  that  law,  Mr.  Judge.  I  has  been 
told  by  the  best  lawyer  and  judge  in  this  coun- 
try that  I  was  not  obliged  to  swear  till  I  was 
paid  de  money."  About  this  time  Judge  Mc- 
Fadden took  his  hat  and  left  the  court-room. 
Wyche  saw-  the  point  of  the  joke,  and  was  so 
much  amused  tliat  he  had  to  smile,  and  this 
tended  to  confirm  Manuel  in  the  belief  that  he 
had  been  correctly  advised  as  to  his  legal  rights. 
As  soon  as  Wyche  could  control  his  risibilities 
he  tried  to  explain  to  Manuel  that  it  was  only 
in  civil  cases  that  he  had  a  right  to  demand  his 
fees.  Manuel,  however,  could  not  see  the  dis- 
tinction, and  still  refused  to  testify  until  the 
judge  threatened  to  send  him  to  jail,  and  even 
then  he  rehictantly  testified,  nndei-  strong  pro- 
test. 

Jmlge  ATyche  was  a  genial  man,  an  able  and 
upright  judge,  and  a  lawyer  of  marked  ability. 
He  was  one  of  the  very  few  lawyers  who  could 
step  down  from  the  bench  and  take  the  first  ran  k 
at  the  bar  over  which  he  had  presided.  This, 
Judge  Wyche  emphatically  did. 

McFadden  was  another  Judge  who  made  a 
success  in  his  practice  upon  retiring  to  the  bar. 

In  1869,  soon  after  Judge  Jacobs  had  as- 
cended the  bench,  McFadden  had  occasion  to 
appear  before  him  to  settle  the  pleadings  in  a 
certain  cause,  when  Jacobs  was  particularly 
severe  in  his  criticism  of  McFadden's  answer  in 
the  case.  Jacobs  intimated  that  an  office  boy 
ought  to  di-aw  a  better  pleading.  Judge  McFad- 
den arose,  and  in  his  blandest  manner  said: 
"May  it  please  the  Court,  when  I  occupied  the 
position  your  Honor  now  fills  with  so  much 
grace,  1  never  had  any  difficulty  in  knowing 
what  the  law  was;  but  I  find  it  very  different 
when  I  get  down  here,"  and  sat  down!     That  is 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


tlie  only  time  I  ever  saw  Judge  Jacobs 
blnsh,  and  he  lost  no  time  iu  calling  the  next 
case. 

In  early  times  it  was  the  practice  of  suitors 
to  consult  the  judges  privately,  without  tiie  in- 
tervention of  attorneys,  and  I  am  not  certain 
that  this  practice  is  entirely  done  away  with  yet. 
On  one  occasion  a  farmer  came  to  Judge  Oli- 
piiant  and  complained  that  the  Board  of  County 
Commissioners  had  opened  up  a  road  through 
his  farm  without  notice,  assessment  of  damages, 
etc.,  etc.  "Why,"  said  the  Judge,  "my  good 
man,  they  can't  do  that  !" 

"Now  Judge,"  says  he,  "what  is  the  use  of 
your  telling  me  that  ?  1  tell  you  they  liave 
done  it  !" 

The  Judge  wilted. 

These  are  only  a  few  of  the  incidents  of  the 
olden  times  that  come  floating  down  on  memory 
through  tiie  lapse  of  many  years. 

While  the  country  was  new  and  rough,  and 
sparsely  settled,  there  was  really  a  great  deal  of 
important  business  for  the  courts  to  do,  and  so 
far  as  ability  and  integrity  is  concerned,  the 
bench  and  bar  of  those  days  will  compare  favor- 
ably with  the  bench  and  bar  of  to-day. 

One  marked  difference  is  that  it  rec^uired 
more  nerve  then  than  it  does  now  on  the  part  of 
both  bench  and  bar  to  perform  the  respective 
duties  of  their  office  in  good  faith  and  fearlessly. 

I  once  prosecuted  a  defendant  in  this  town 
for  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  and  convicted 
him,  too,  when  1  knew  a  drunken  attorney  for 
the  defense  had  a  pistol  in  his  pocket  for  my 
benefit  and  had  threatened  to  use  it. 

In  those  days  it  required  true  courage  to  en- 
able a  man  to  live  up  to  tlie  standard  of  his  con- 
victions. 


At  the  beginning  and  all  through  the  war  of 
the  Kebellion,  there  were  a  great  many  South- 
ern men  and  Southern  sympathizers  scattered 
all  through  this  country,  and  they  belonged  to 
the  aggressive  element  of  frontier  life,  loud- 
mouthed, defiant  and  threatening.  Among  the 
leaders  of  this  element  were  several  army  officers 
from  the  South,  in  command  of  and  attached  to 
the  various  military  posts  along  the  coast,  who 
preferred  quietly  to  draw  their  pay  from  the 
Federal  Government  to  facing  Federal  guns  in 
the  Confederate  army,  and  yet  they  would  openly 
curse  the  government  that  fed  them,  and  were 
loud  in  their  expressions  of  sympathy  for  the 
rebels.  Abraham  Lincoln  was  cursed,  and 
toasts  were  drank  to  Jeff.  Davis  in  the  presence 
of  the  commanding  officers  of  the  military  posts 
without  rebuke.  This  was  particularly  tiie  case 
in  all  the  region  of  Eastern  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Rebellion  Albert  Sidney  Johnston 
was  in  command  of  the  army  and  military  posts 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  when  he  was  unex- 
pectedly relieved  liy  Sumner  was  preparing  to 
lioist  the  i-ebel  flag  and  turn  the  army  and  the 
country  over  to  the  rebels. 

While  some  of  these  army  officers  deserted 
and  entered  the  rebel  army  early  in  the  Re- 
bellion, it  was  not  until  the  winter  of  18G3- 
'Gl  that  the  military  posts  on  this  coast  were 
thoroughly  cleansed  of  this  rebel  element.  Tiien 
these  recreant  officers  were  either  relieved  or 
sent  to  the  front. 

It  was  the  writer's  privilege  to  assist  in  this 
good  work,  for  which  he  was  soundly  rated  by 
a  portion  of  the  rebel  symj)athizing  press  of  the 
country  at  the  time. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTGN. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX 

WASHINGTON  AT  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR. 


WASHINGTON    STATE    BUILDING,  AT    THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION,  CHICAGO. 


II T  seems  fitting  that  we  should  close  this 
volume  of  the  History  of  Washington,  "  The 
-i  Evergreen  State,"  with  an  account  of  the 
State  at  the  world's  great  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion. This  seems  especially  appropriate  since 
tlie  State  itself  came  so  near  being  called 
"Columbia."  While  all  the  new  States  that 
came  into  the  Union  at  the  same  time  with 
Washington  have  received  marked  considera- 
tions from  the  Commissioners  of  the  great  Ex- 
position, Washington  has  easily  received  the 
most  marked  attention.  Crowds  of  wondering 
visitors  linger  around  and  stroll  througli  her 
unique  building,  and  gaze  upon  the  exhibition 
of  her  products  with  surprise.  The  following 
descriptive  paper,  prepared  mostly  by  Mr.  E.  S. 
Meany,  Secretary  of  the  Washington  Commis- 
sion will  disclose,  the  occasion  of  this  wonder- 
ing admiration. 


This  new  State  made  three  World's  Fair  ap- 
propriations: the  first  one  of  $100,000  in  1891, 
and  another  of  $50,000  in  1893,  and  a  separate 
one  at  the  same  time  of  15,000,  to  defray  the 
expense  of  maintaining  the  exhibits  prepared  by 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  AVashiiigton. 
The  officers  of  older  States,  who  had  more  money 
at  their  disposal,  have  frequently  expressed 
their  wonder  at  the  showing  made  by  Wash- 
ington with  this  $155,000. 

In  the  first  place  it  is  impossible  to  visit  any 
portion  of  the  Exposition  without  being  re- 
minded of  tlie  existence  of  the  rich  new  common- 
wealth in  the  far  northwest.  Even  the  tlag-staS's 
used  on  the  grounds  in  front  of  the  Gov- 
ernment buildings. were  all  sent  from  AVashing- 
ton.  There  are  forty-seven  of  these  tall  flag- 
staffs,  all  straight,  fine,  yonng  fir  trees.  It  will 
be  noticed,  also,  that    Washington   gave   more 


n  I  STORY  oP  Washington. 


than  her  share  of  the  coin  inns  hi  the  rustic 
colonnade  snrronnding  the  Forestry  building, 
for  tliree  of  tlie  colnmns  bear  her  name. 

A  tour  of  the  general  Exposition  buildings 
will  show  line  exliil)its  from  this  State  in  six  of 
tlieiii;  viz.,  in  tlie  Mining,  Agricnltural,  Horti- 
cultural, Fisheries,  Forestry  and  Transportation 
buililings. 

In  the  Mining  building  there  is  seen  a  fine 
booth,  ornate  -with  columns  and  pyramids  of 
gold,  silver,  lead,  iron  and  other  valuable  ores. 
In  one  of  the  attractive  cases  is  shown  about 
$3,000  worth  of  native  gold  nuggets,  all  brought 
from  Washington,  to  show  the  wealth  securely 
locked  in  the  hills  and  valleys  of  the  State  and 
only  waiting  the  well  directed  toil  of  man  to  set 
many  new  industries  in  motion.  In  this  section 
is  also  shown  great  quantities  of  coal,  coke  and 
building  stones. 

In  the  agricultural  booth  is  shown  many  sur- 
prises for  those  uninformed  about  the  great  West. 
Great  yields  of  briglit  golden  grains,  large 
vegetables,  luxuriant  liops,  tobaccos,  and  in  fact 
all  the  products  of  diversified  temperate-zone 
farming. 

Another  surprise  is  in  store  for  all  who  visit 
Washington  at  the  Horticultural  building. 
Great  varieties  of  apples,  pears,  cherries,  plums, 
peaches,  prunes,  quinces,  small  fruits,  grapes, 
and  in  fact  nearly  every  product  of  the  orciiard 
are  shown  here  to  the  astonishnoent  of  many 
who  had  heretofore  supposed  that  the  far  North- 
west was  a  land  of  snow,  ice,  Indians  and  dense 
forests. 

In  the  Fisheries  building  the  Washington 
section  is  one  very  easy  to  find,  as  it  is  crowned 
by  the  skeleton  of  an  immense  whale,  suspended 
from  the  iron  arches  of  the  roof.  This  whale  is 
the  species  known  to  science  as  the  Mcgaptcra 
versalnlis.  To  the  trade  it  is  known  as  the 
Pacific  Humpback,  and  it  is  one  of  the  whales 
that  produce  the  black  whale-bone  of  commerce. 
It  was  forty-seven  feet  in  length  and  forty-eight 
feet  in  maximum  girth.  In  this  booth  are 
shown  many  prepared  specimens  of  all  kinds  of 
salmon,  trout,  cod,  halibut,    sturo-eon.  shellfish, 


crustaceans,  fish-eating  birds  and  animals,  canned 
and  prepared  fish  and  their  products,  squids, 
oysters,  shrimp,  clains,  canoes,  Indian  fishing 
implements,  and,  in  fact,  a  complete  fish  exhibit, 
showing  vast  wealth  in  store  for  in  the  fnture 
development  of  this  industry.  One  noticeable 
feature  in  this  booth  is  a  huge  sea  lion  with  a 
captive  salmon  in  his  jaws. 

The  general  Forestry  building  contains  an  at- 
tractive exhibit  of  Washington '  woods.  One 
special  exiiiliit  is  a  model  cottage  home  made 
out  of  the  jirincipal  native  woods  such  as  fir, 
cedar,  spruce,  hemlock,  maple,  elder  and  so  on. 
The  design  is  sought  after  by  many  who  tlesire 
to  reproduce  the  artistic  effect  in  reproducing 
tlie  cottage  for  a  dwelling.  There  are  also  sliown 
here  sections  of  all  the  great  forest  trees  of 
Washington,  some  of  these  sections  of  monsters 
eight  and  nine  feet  in  diameter.  Many  of  these 
are  highly  polished,  showing  the  great  beauty  of 
the  woods  when  finished  in  their  natural  grains. 
One  particular  section  is  that  of  a  liig  fir  log 
twenty-four  feet  long  and  over  six  feet  in  diam- 
eter, scaling  over  7,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  all 
clear,  without  a  spot  or  blemish.  This  wood  is 
recognized  as  among  the  best  of  building  ma- 
terials, as  it  is  firm,  solid  and  free  from  all  the 
objections  of  shrinking,  warping,  etc. 

The  last  of  the  general  buildings  in  which  this 
State  makes  an  exhibit  is  the  Transportation 
building,  and  here  is  shown  a  set  of  logging 
trucks.  These  trucks  are  loaded  witli  three  big 
Pnget  Sound  logs,  a  cedar,  spruce  and  fir,  show- 
ing how  the  principal  lumber  logs  of  that  sec- 
tion are  brought  to  the  mills  at  tide  watei-  from 
the  hearts  of  the  great  forests. 

There  is  another  important  exhibit  in  this 
same  building  in  which  Washington  lias  a  large 
share.  I  refer  to  the  Xorthern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Tliis  company  has  fitted  up  three  elegant  coaches 
and  tilled  them  with  samples  of  the  wonderful 
resources  of  the  Northwestern  States  through 
whicli  the  road  operates. 

If  the  State  of  Washington  had  stopped  right 
here,  with  no  further  eflPort  to  make  herself 
known,  the  end  of  the  Exposition   would  have 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


arrived  with  many  thousands  of  people  thorough- 
ly faraih'ar  with  the  fact  that  Washington  has  a 
bright  future  and  a  certain  pron)ise  of  greatness 
in  wealth  and  in  numbers  of  people.  But  the 
Hne  exliibits  in  the  general  buildings  are  only  a 
small  part  of  the  showing  made  by  Washington, 
for  this  State  is  one  of  the  ibur  States  in  the 
Union  that  have  attempted  to  show  their  natural 
wealth  in  their  state  buildings.  The  other  thi'ce 
Seates  are  Illinois,  California  and  Iowa. 

Let  us  visit  Washington  at  her  own  World's 
Fair  home.  It  is  easily  found  near  the  Fifty- 
seventh  street  entrance  and  fronting  toward  the 
great  art  gallery.  Waving  in  front  of  it  is  the 
largest  American  flag,  and  the  highest  flag  stalf 
in  the  Union.  Tin's  flagstaff,  though  in  two 
pieces,  spliced  together  now,  is  a  single  Puget 
Sound  flr  tree,  205  feet  above  the  ground  and 
three  and  one-half  feet  in  diameter  at  its  base, 
showing  the  availability  of  such  timbers  for 
masts  and  spars  in  shipbuilding  enterprises. 
The  reason  the  staff  was  spliced  is  that  its  ori- 
ginal length  was  too  great  to  be  safely  trans- 
ported from  far-away  Washington  around  the 
curves  in  the  Cascade  and  Rocky  mountain 
divisions  of  the  railroad. 

Next  to  this  great  flagstaff,  the  building  itself 
attracts  the  eye  of  e\'en  the  most  casual  ob- 
server. Whoever  saw  such  a  fouijclation  fV»r 
any  buihling?  Logs  125  feet  long,  and  Ave  of 
tiicin  jiiled  one  on  top  of  the  other  makes  fifteen 
feet  of  the  structure — a  sort  of  log  cabin  effect 
on  a  huge  scale.  On  the  two  ends  of  the  larg- 
est of  these  logs  are  brass  plates,  bearing  this 
inscription:  "This  log,  3x3i  feet  and  125 
feet  long,  cut  from  a  Washington  yellow  fir  tree, 
7  feet  8  inches  in  diameter  and  350  feet  long." 

These  great  logs  are  silent  but  potent  preach- 
ers of  the  West's  greatness  in  timber  wealth, 
for  not  a  knot  can  be  detected  in  their  entire 
length,  while  the  grain  of  the  wood  is  shown 
firm  and  clear.     Above  these  logs,  in   the  first 


por 


tion  of  the  structure,  rises  a  D:i"aceful  and 


strnctive  edifice,  showing  the  heavy  timbers  and 
their  uses  as  well  as  the  finishing  materials. 
Four    towers    ornament    the    building,    one  of 


which  is  100  feet  high,  and  the  other  three  are 
sixty-five  feet  high,  each.  The  ground  plan  of 
the  building  is  in  the  form  of  a  modided  Greek 
cross,  and  is  arranged  so  as  to  give  about  30.- 
000  square  feet  of  floor  space. 

Very  little  of  this  interior  space  is  devoted  to 
entertainment  or  reception  purposes.  Three 
small  rooms,  one  for  the  ladies,  one  for  tlie  gen- 
tlemen and  a  center  room  fitted  up  with  news- 
paper files,  wliei'e  can  be  found  200  Washington 
newspapers,  are  all  the  space  devoted  to  recep- 
tion or  entertainment  purposes.  The  balance  of 
the  big  building  is  given  up  to  a  coniplete  ex- 
hibit iif  the  State's  resources.  All  the  exhibits 
in  the  various  Washington  bootlis  already  re- 
ferred to  are  duplicated  here,  and,  be.sides,  there 
are  many  other  showings  of  an  interesting  na- 
ture. For  example,  let  us  enter  at  the  north 
wing.  Here  we  find  one  entire  section  of  the 
building  filled  with  Washington  exhibits  not 
displayed  elsewhere. 

The  art  gallery  contains  one  handsome  frontis- 
piece, a  portrait  of  George  Washington.  Then 
on  all  sides  are  seen  most  beautiful  reproduc- 
tions of  Washington's  fruits,  flowers,  birds,  ani- 
mals and  natural  scenery.  These  are  done  in 
oil  and  water  colors,  and  are  receiving  many 
compliments   frotn  artists   of  recognized   nierit. 

Next  in  this  portion  of  the  building  is  the 
educational  exhibit,  and  here  is  a  wonder-pro- 
voking section,  for  not  a  few  visitors  have 
paused  and  expressed  their  great  surprise  that 
away  out  in  Washington  they  should  maintain 
a  system  of  schools  that  equals  those  of  the 
older  communities  of  the  East.  Pictures  of 
buildings,  samples  of  all  kinds  of  school  work, 
modeling  in  clay,  pictures  of  pupils  in  physical- 
culture  exercises,  displays  of  convincing  statis- 
tics, all  show  a  most  vigorous  and  healthy  con- 
dition of  the  public  schools.  In  the  further 
end  of  this  wing  is  found  a  tastefully  arranged 
room,  filled  with  articles  showing  the  home  re- 
finement of  the  State.  This  is  the  corner  de- 
voted to  the  ladies'  department.  Around  the 
tops  of  the  pretty  white  enanrel  and  gold  cases 
is  a  row  of  a   native   wood   panels,   painted  by 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


lady  artists  in  Spokane  Falls  and  otber  parts  of 
the  State. 

From  these  evidences  of  culture  you  step  into 
the  realm  of  material  wealth.  Here  are  seen 
great  profusion  of  grains,  grasses,  fruits,  vege- 
tables, logs,  hay,  tobaccos,  and  so  on,  all  shown 
in  every  stage  of  growth  and  preparation.  Two 
displays  here  are  world-beaters.  One  of  them 
is  a  pyramid  of  101  bushel-sacks  of  wheat  grown 
on  a  single  acre,  and  the  other  is  a  similar  pyra- 
mid of  157  bushels  of  oats  grown  on  a  single 
acre.  In  the  case  of  the  wheat  it  is  not  claimed 
to  be  anything  like  an  average.  It  is  a  pheno- 
menal yield.  It  was  grown  in  1890,  and  har- 
vested in  the  presence  of  many  men  who  make 
affidavits  to  the  yield,  etc.  It  is  a  variety  known 
as  North utt  Giant. 

The  big  yield  of  oats  is  not  so  unusual.  It 
was  taken  from  the  rich  lauds  near  La  Couver, 
Skagit  county,  where  many  thousands  of  acres 
of  the  richest  river-washed  soil  have  Tteeu  diked 
in  and  reclaimed  from  the  sea. 

In  front  of  these  two  pyramids  is  the  nov- 
elty of  the  entire  display.  It  is  a  model  min- 
iature farm,  designed  to  show  the  methods  of 
farming  in  the  famous  Palouse  grain  section  of 
the  State.  Everything  on  the  little  farm  is 
complete.  There  are  farm  houses,  barns, 
wagons,  horces,  cows,  and  a  full  crew  of  harvest 
hands  at  work,  one  set  in  a  timothy  meadow, 
cutting,  raking  and  stacking  the  hay,  another 
set  in  an  oatfield,  harvesting  a  heavy  yield  of 
oats,  and  the  greatest  crew  in  a  wheat-iield, 
operating  the  headers,  threshers,  and  other  ma- 
chines, showing  how  the  wheat  is  cut,  threshed 
and  carried  to  market  on  the  same  day.  All 
the  machines  used,  though  very  small,  are  per- 
fect. One  field  is  in  summer  fallow  and  is 
being  plowed  hj  teams  of  four  horses  hitched  to 
gang  plows.  In  sliort,  the  little  farm  is  per- 
fectly typical  and  is  complete  in  every  detail. 

The  display  of  all  kinds  of  fruits  in  the  fresh 
and  preserved  states  are  also  very  attractive,  and 
show  what  a  variety  of  farming  occupations  are 
Open  to  settlers  in  Washington.    These  exhibits 


are  in  the  main  hall  and  in  the  north  wing  and 
corridors.  In  tiie  south  wing  are  shown  the 
jiroducts  of  the  Washington  forests  and  mines. 
Great  piles  of  gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron  ores, 
fine  samples  of  coal,  coke  and  building-stones, 
and  specimens  of  all  kinds  of  trees  and  plants, 
show  an  abundance  of  such  resources  sufficient 
to  make,  in  themselves,  a  rich  commonwealth. 
There  is  one  big  block  of  coal  here  shown  that 
beats  the  world's  record.  It  weighs  twenty-five 
tons,  and  is  the  largest  single  block  of  coal  ever 
taken  from  any  mine  in  the  world.  It  comes 
from  the  Itoslyn  mine  in  Kittitass  county. 

Two  other  special  exhibits  are  attractive  in 
this  wing  of  the  building.  One  is  the  largest 
single  piece  of  wood  turning  in  the  worhl.  It 
is  a  red  cedar  vase,  six  feet  high  and  four  feet 
across  tlie  top.  It  was  turned  by  J.  L.  Nygren, 
in  the  mill  of  the  Tacoma  Lumber  and  Manu- 
facturing Company.  The  other  is  a  piece  of 
carving,  representing  the  seal  of  the  State  of 
Washington  and  typical  industrial  scenes,  all 
carved  most  beautifully  in  native  woods.  This 
work  was  done  by  F.  A.  Palmer,  in  the  mill  of 
Wheeler,  Osgood  &  Co.,  at  Tacoma.  A  com- 
plete collection  of  the  flora  of  the  State  occu- 
pies the  sides  of  this  wing,  made  by  Louis  F. 
Henderson. 

Another  important  exhibit  in  this  building  is 
the  collection  of  fish  and  animals,  showing  a 
great  aljundance  of  game  birds  and  animals,  as 
well  as  a  great  supply  of  the  best  kind  of  food 
fish.  One  central  figure  is  the  skeleton  of  au 
extinct  mammoth,  thirteen  feet  high,  which  was 
found  near  Spokane  Falls,  and  is  now  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 
Flanking  this  skeleton,  on  either  side,  are  groups 
of  nicely  mounted  deer,  bear  and  elk,  while  all 
around  the  building  are  seen  large  elk  and  deer 
heads,  and  flying  from  the  roof  trees  are  sjieci- 
mens  of  native  swan,  sea  gulls,  hawks  and  alba- 
tross. The  great  bald-headed  eagle,  emblematic 
bird  of  America,  is  seen  perched  upon  several 
prominent  places,  reminding  visitors  that  both 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  and  the  element  of  liberty  he  represents  find 
sound  abiding-places  in  the  picturesque  regions 
of  tlie  great  Northwest. 

One  feature  of  the  building  is  the  manner  in 
which  the  large  panelings  of  the  interior  walls 
are  decorated  with  fine  paintings  of  Washington 
scenery. 

By  making  such  a  complete  display  in  the 
State  building,  Washington  is  able  to  convince 
every  visitor,  beyond  all  question  or  doubt,  that 
she  has  within  her  borders  all  the  elements  of 
refined  citizenship,  of  industrial  and  agricul- 
tural and  natural  greatness,  and  a  future  that  is 
bound  to  bring  her  recognition  as  one  of  the 
foremost  States  of  this  or  any  other  country. 


No  one  can  visit  the  World's  Fair  Home  of 
Washington,  the  "  Evergreen  State,"  without  a 
desire  to  visit  and  become  a  part  of  the  citizen- 
ship that  is  laying  the  foundation  of  and  help- 
ing to  build  up  this  wonderful  commonwealth. 

With  the  story  of  this  wonderful  display  of 
the  resources  of  this  great  State,  at  this  most 
wonderful  of  all  the  world's  congrssses  of  wealth 
and  magnificence,  we  close,  and  in  the  very 
midst  of  that  display  itself,  with  the  largest 
banner,  starred  and  striped,  that  kisses  the 
breezes  of  our  American  sky  over  our  head,  we 
close  our  record  of  the  magnificent  Evekgrekn 
State. 


BIOGI{APHISAL  SKETGHES. 


coiiil)iiied  clans  led  by  liiin  escaping  with  their 
lives.     Major  John  Mohr  McGilvra,  a   stalwart 


TjUDGE  JOHN  J.  McGILVRA,  the  oldest 
t'-  jl  member  of  the  legal  profession  in  Seattle, 
^^'  AVashington,  both  in  years  and  practice,  is 
recognized  as  the  father  of  the  Seattle  bar. 
Being  thus  prominently  connected  with  the  city 
and  surrounding  country,  he  is  eminently  de- 
serving of  honorable  mention  in  this  volume, 
and  it  is  with  pleasure  we  present  the  following 
sket(!hof  hisliie. 

The  ancestors  of  Judge  McGilvra  were  of  the 
celebrated  McGilvra  Clan  of  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland.  They  were  originally  of  the  Clan 
Chattan,  who  suffered  severely  in  the  conquest 
of  the  Romans.  The  McGilvra  branch  then 
settled  along  the  Caledonia  Canal,  east  and  south 
of  Inverness,  their  capital  and  stronghold.  Col- 
onel McGilvra  was  chief  of  the  clan  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Cnlloden,  and  led  the  McGilvras  and 
Macintoshes  in  that  terrible  tight,  he  himself 
falling  in  the  front,  and  only  three  officers  of  the 
led  by  him 
fohn  Mohr 
Highlander  more  than  six  feet  in  height,  in 
leading  his  command  against  the  English,  him- 
self cut  through  the  English  lines  and  attacked 
the  i-eserves  sent  to  its  support,  and  not  until 
he  had  slain  a  dozen  of  the  enemy  was  he  laid 
low.  The  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  prior  to  the  Revo- 
lutionary AV"ar,  and  settled  in  New  York  State. 
John  and  Margaret  (Grant)  McGilvra,  natives 
of  New  York,  settled  after  their  marriage,  in 
Livingston  county,  where  their  son,  John  J. 
McGilvra,  was  born  July  11,  1827.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farni  and  attended  the  schools  of 
that  county  until  1844,  when  he  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Illinois,  where  he  taught  school 
for  several  winters,  and  in  the  summer  attended 
the  Seminary  at  Elgin. 

Judge  iVIcGilvra  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  1S50,  under  the  direction  of  Edward  Gifford, 
a  graduate  of  Yale  College  and  the  Cambridge 
Law  School.  He  finished  his  studies  in  Chi- 
cago, under  Elienezer  Peck,  subsequently  one  nf 
the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  was  ad- 


mitted to  the  bar  in  1853.  He  at  once  entered 
into  practice,  which  was  continued  with  grati- 
fying success.  He  did  not  engage  in  politics 
except  to  show  his  colors  in  private  conversation 
and  at  the  polls;  but,  having  known  President 
Lincoln  for  a  number  of  years,  he  was  appointed 
by  him  in  1861  as  the  United  States  Attorney 
for  the  Territory  of  Washington.  He  an-ived 
with  his  family  in  Olyinpia  in  June,  1801.  The 
Territory  then  embraced  the  three  northern 
counties  of  Idaho,  and  contained  a  population  of 
less  than  12,000.  He  traveled  over  the  Teiri- 
tory  twice  a  year,  attending  courts,  in  many 
instances  prosecuting  for  the  Territory,  and 
looking  alfer  such  civil  business  as  came  in  his 
way,  as  well  as  conducting  the  business  of  the 
United  States,  which  kept  him  busily  occui)ied. 
Having  an  extensive  practice  and  becoming 
weary  of  so  much  travel,  he  removed  to  Seattle 
in  1804,  and  declined  a  re-appointment,  although 
he  was  not  relieved  until  the  following  year. 
Since  then  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in 
■King  and  adjoining  counties  until  about  1890, 
when  he  withdrew  from  the  firm  of  McGilvra, 
Plain  (k  DeVries.  and  retired  from  practice. 

He  served  one  term  in  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature of  1800-'67,  and  during  the  session  pro- 
cured an  appropriation  of  $2,500  for  a  wagon 
road  across  the  Cascade  Mountains,  thi-ough  the 
Snoqualmie  Pass.  This  amount  was  supple- 
mented by  an  appropriation  of  like  amount  from 
King  count}',  and  by  later  appropriations  and 
contributions  the  road  was  kept  open,  and  for 
many  years  was  the  only  means  of  communica- 
tion across  the  Cascade  Mountains  north  of  the 
Columbia  river. 

In  1873,  immediately  after  the  location  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  terminus  at  Tacoma,  Judge 
McGilvra,  with  others,  proceeded  to  organize 
the  Seattle  &  Walla  Walla  Railroad  Company. 
The  Judge  drew  the  articles  of  incorporation 
atid  all  the  papers  and  documents  connected 
with  that  enterprise,  and  served  as  the  attorney 
of  tlie  incorporation  si>me  two  years  without 
compensation.      The    process   of    grading   was 


inSTOHY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


stnrted  was  started  May  1,  1873,  with  a  picnic 
party,  in  which  nearly  every  man,  woman  and 
child  joined,  and  one-half  mile  of  road  was 
graded  at  the  iiead  of  tlie  bay  on  that  occasion. 
The  enthusiasm  was  intense  and  every  citizen 
that  could  afford  it  contributed  eitlier  in  money 
or  land  to  the  enterprise,  taking  in  return  the 
stock  of  the  company,  paid  up  and  unassessable. 
They  also  issued  assessable  stock,  to  which  tiie 
citizens  subscribed  very  liberally.  As  a  result, 
the  people  of  Seattle,  entirely  unaided  by  capi- 
tal from  abroad,  constructed  and  put  into  oper- 
ation twenty-one  miles  of  road  from  Seattle  to 
New  Castle  coal  mines.  Subsequently  they 
carried  another  branch  of  road  up  Cedar  river 
to  the  Cedar  River,  Black  Diamond  and  Frank- 
lin coal  mines.  That  enterprise,  which  was 
undertaken  at  a  critical  time  in  the  history  of 
Seattle,  had  the  effect  to  stay  the  confidence  of 
the  citizens,  and  assisted  materially  in  building 
up  the  town  in  spite  of  all  opposition,  aud  the 
unjust  discrimination  against  it  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company.  In  1876,  the  North- 
ern Pacific  abandoned  its  northern  line,  known 
as  the  Skagit  branch,  and  located  its  road  south 
of  Mount  Rainier,  through  wliat  was  known  as 
Packwood  or  Cowlitz  Pass.  They  had  almost 
the  entire  territory  covered  by  the  withdrawal 
of  the  odd  sections  of  jiublic  land  in  their  favor, 
and,  corpoi"ation-like,  still  refused  to  submit  to 
a  restoration  to  settlement  the  lands  on  the 
abandoned  Skagit  Pass  route.  The  evil  was  so 
great  that  it  became  the  subject  of  public  agi- 
tation. Funds  were  raised  and  Judge  McGilvra 
was  sent  to  Washington,  where  he  passed  two 
winters  in  an  effort  to  procure  a  restoration  of 
those  lands  to  the  public  domain  in  the  interests 
of  settlers.  The  Judge  was  offered  every  possi- 
ble facility  for  doing  effective  work  before  Con- 
gress. He  was  given  the  privilege  of  the  floor 
of  the  House  by  the  Speaker,  and,  through  the 
courtesy  of  Senator  Mitchell,  he  had  practically 
the  same  privilege  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate. 
He  appeared  before  each  committee  of  the  Sen- 
ate and  House  to  which  the  various  bills  intro- 
duced upon  this  snliject  were  referred,  and  made 
oral  arguments  and  submitted  printed  briefs, 
and  finally  succeeded  in  restoring  to  settlement 
those  lands,  amounting  to  upward  of  5,000,000 
acres.  Judge  Jacobs,  then  delegate  from  Wasli- 
ington,  cheerfully  and  ably  assisted  in  this  good 
work. 

While  he  was  City  Attorney  of  the  city  of 
Seattle,  in  1876  and  '77,  the  east  half  of  the 


Maynard  donation  claim,  embracing  320  acres 
now  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  was  declared  to  be 
vacant  public  land  by  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office.  The  city  of  Seattle  ap- 
plied to  enter  these  lands  under  the  town-site 
laws.  As  City  Attorney,  Judge ,  McGilvra 
made  the  application  and  argued  the  case  before 
the  Register  and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Ofiico  at 
Olympia.  There  were  several  contestants  who 
had  filed  homestead  and  pre-emption  claims  on 
the  same  lands.  Obtaining  a  favorable  decision 
from  the  Land  Oflice,  the  case  was  appealed  to 
the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office, 
who  afllrmed  the  decision  of  the  local  laud  oflice. 
Subsequently,  and  after  the  expiration  of  Judge 
McGilvra's  term  of  office,  the  case  was  compli- 
cated by  the  intervention  of  other  parties  claim- 
ing the  right  to  locate  the  land  with  Valentine 
scrip.  The  result  was  that  the  city  finally  lost 
the  case  through  tlie  inattention  or  incompe- 
tency of  the  attorney  who  represented  the  case. 
Judge  McGilvra  was  the  first  resident  attorney 
who  settled  in  Seattle,  and  for  many  ycirs  was 
on  one  side  of  nearly  every  casR  on  the  docket. 

In  1864,  the  Judge  purchased  420  acres  of 
land  bordering  Lake  Washington.  He  then 
constructed  the  Lake  Washington  wagon  road, 
now  known  as  Madison  street,  at  a  personal  ex- 
pense of  11,500,  and  from  that  time  on  has  con- 
tinued to  improve  his  property.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  contributors  to  the  Madison  street 
cable  road,  which  he  subsidized  by  giving 
twenty-one  acres  of  property  on  Lake  Washing- 
ton for  park  and  terminal  facilities. 

Judge  McGilvra  was  married  in  Chicago,  in 
1855,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Hills,  a  native  of 
Oneida  county,  New  York.  They  have  three 
children  living:  Carrie  E.,  now  the  wife  of 
Judge  Thomas  Burke;  Oliver    C. ;  aud  Lillian. 

Judge  McGilvra's  career  has  been  one  of  uni- 
form success,  and  in  his  extensive  business  he 
lias  always  found  it  advisable  to  have  one  or 
more  partners,  several  of  whom  have  risen  to 
positions  of  distinction  in  their  profession. 
Among  them  we  mention  James  McNaught,  the 
present  attorney  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road Company;  and  Judge  Thomas  Burke,  at- 
torney for  the  Western  Division  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad  Company,  who  is  an  estab- 
lished authority  on  corporation  law. 

While  the  Judge  has  retired  from  active 
practice,  he  still  retains  his  office  and  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  discussion  of  all  questions 
pertaining    to    the  city's   and  State's  improve- 


UIHTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


nieiit.  The  last  question  of  importance  to 
wliicli  the  Judge  lias  given  considerable  atten- 
tion, and  has  debated  through  the  press  and 
otherwise,  is  that  of  what  is  called  the  Park 
and  Boulevard  system  of  Seattle,  about  which 
there  seems  to  be  a  sort  of  a  craze  at  the  present 
time.  The  system  projected  is  estimated  to  cost 
some  110,000,000,  covering  an  area  of  100 
square  miles,  with  forty-live  miles  of  boulevard 
from  150  to  250  feet  wide,  with  about  150 
miles  of  roadway  altogether.  In  ojiposing  this 
wild  scheme,  the  Judge  gives  his  reasons,  which 
are:  that  the  vast  sum  proposed  to  be  expended 
in  such  a  scheme  could  be  better  and  more  prof- 
itably spent  in  building  up  business  and  com- 
merce; that  Seattle  is  not  suffering  for  the  want 
of  parks,  the  whole  surrounding  region,  includ- 
ing the  beautiful  lakes,  being  of  itself  a  grand 
system  of  parks.  He  further  takes  the  position 
that  the  scheme  originated  principally  with  the 
real-estate  men,  and  is  intended  more  to  boom 
real  estate  than  for  any  other  purpose,  and  that 
real  estate  has  already  been  boomed  beyond  its 
present  vahie. 

For  several  years  past.  Judge  McGilvra  has 
spent  much  of  his  time  traveling  with  his  fam- 
ily, and  has  visited  nearly  all  portions  of  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  from  Alaska  to  the  city  of  Mexico, 
also  many  portions  of  the  interior  and  Atlantic 
coast  as  far  south  as  Florida.  Last  year,  they 
went  to  Europe,  visiting  Erigland  and  Scotland, 
and  then  made  a  trip  on  the  continent,  through 
France,  Switzerland,  Austria,  Germany  and  Bel- 
gium. This  last  trip  was  quite  fully  described 
iu  a  series  of  letters,  written  by  the  Judge  dur- 
ing his  journey,  and  published  in  the  Seattle 
papers.  All  of  these  letters  were  of  great  in- 
terest to  and  fully  appreciated  by  the  many  per- 
sonal friends  and  fellow  citizens  of  the  Judge. 


LOREN   B.   HASTINGS  was  one  of  the 
I   most  prominent  pioneers  of  Washington 
i  and  one  of  Fort  Townsend's  earliest  and 

most  highly  honored  citizens.  He  was  a  native 
of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont,  and  his  parents 
were  of  honored  New  England  stock.  In  early 
life  he  learned  the  process  of  manufacturing 
woolen  goods,  and  in  1838  started  upon  his 
journey  westward.  His  first  stop  was  in  Han- 
cock county,  Illinois,  where  he  followed  his 
vocation  for  a  time. 


While  there  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Lucinda  Bingham,  who  was  born  in  Littleton, 
New  Hampshire,  but  removed  to  Hancock 
county,  Illinois,  with  her  parents  when  ten 
years  of  age.  Being  generously  endowed  with 
courage,  perseverance  and  endurance,  attributes 
necessary  to  the  successful  pioneer,  in  18J:7 
Mr.  Hastings  gathered  together  his  worldly 
possessions,  and,  with  his  wife  and  one  son,  and 
a  comfortable  pioneer's  outfit,  set  forth  upon 
that  long  and  wearisome  journey  across  the 
plains,  bound  for  the  Pacific  coast.  Suffering 
the  vicissitudes  of  slow  and  toilsome  travel,  he 
duly  arrived  at  the  spot  in  Oregon  where  the 
city  of  Portland  now  stands,  which  then  con- 
sisted chiefly  of  the  cabin  of  F.  W.  Pettygrove. 
He  bought  a  lot  on  the  original  town  site,  and 
put  up  a  log  cabin.  His  lirst  work  was  to  sup- 
ply the  troops  on  the  way  to  the  Cayuse  war. 

During  the  mining  excitement  of  184:8-'49 
he  went  to  Stanislaus  county,  California,  and 
engaged  in  mining,  and  also  conducted  a  trad- 
ing post,  in  which  enterprise  he  made  about 
$10,000  in  six' months'  time.  This  money  he 
invested,  in  Portland,  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness with  Dr.  I).  S.  Paker.  The  locality  proved 
unhealthful,  and,  in  the  fall  of  1851,  accom- 
panied by  Mr.  Pettygrove,  he  came  to  Olympia; 
thence,  with  an  Indian  canoe,  they  worked  their 
way  down  the  sound,  looking  for  a  place  of 
settlement.  Arriving  at  Port  Tow-nsend,  they 
found  A.  A.  Plummer  and  Charles  Batchelor, 
and  being  ])leased  with  the  locality  decided  to 
fix  their  stakes. 

Arranging  with  Messrs.  Plummer  and  Batch- 
elor to  build  a  log  cabin,  Messrs.  Hastings 
and  Pettygrove  returned  to  Portland,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1852  ]\[r.  Ilastitigs  purchased  a 
small  schooner,  and  with  their  families  the  two 
men  embarked  for  the  sound.  On  arrival  their 
claims  of  640  acres  to  man  and  wife  were 
harmoniously  arranged  and  located,  and  shortly 
afterwards  Mr.  Hastings  opened  a  small  trad- 
ing post  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  James- 
Hastings  brick  block. 

Later  Messrs.  Pettygrove  and  Plummer  were 
taken  into  the  firm,  they  having  previously 
clerked  for  Mr.  Hastings.  Subsequently  the 
firm  was  dissolved,  and  for  a  time  Mr.  Hastings 
was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  the 
valley.  Following  this,  he  engaged  in  general 
merchandising,  which  he  successfully  conducted 
up  to  1874,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness life,  turning  over  the  management  to   his 


II I  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


two  sons,  Oregon  C.  and  Frank  W.  His  death 
occurred  in  Jmie,  1881,  in  his  sixty- seventh 
year. 

In  politics  Mr.  Hastings  was  a  Kepiiblican, 
strong  and  fearless  in  his  convictions,  and  was 
frequently  honored  by  his  fellow  citizens  by 
election  to  responsible  public  positions. 

He  represented  this  county  in  the  Legislature, 
and  served  as  Justice  of  the  Teace,  Sheriff, 
Probate  Judge,  and  Treasurer  of  Jefferson 
county,  discharging  tlie  duties  of  the  same  with 
entire  satisfaction  to  all. 

He  was  always  in  the  lead  in  progressive 
effort,  and  sustained  an  unblemished  reputation. 
Perfectly  temperate  in  his  habits,  conservative 
in  his  ideas,  and  kind  and  courteous  to  his 
fellow  citizens,  he  was  universally  beloved  and 
respected,  and  left  as  a  heritage  to  his  children 
a  name  of  which   they  may  be  justly  proud. 


TfJfON.  JOSEPH  A.  KUHN,  a  resident   of 
rp1|    Port  Townsend  and   a  representative  in 
I     ll    the  tievelopment  of  that  city,  was  bora 
17  near  Gettsburg,  Adams  county,  Pennsyl- 

vania, September  1,  1841,  and  was  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  six  sons  born  to  Colonel  Joseph 
J.  and  Jane  (McCabe)  Kulin,  natives  of  the 
same  State. 

Colonel  Kuhii  descended  from  Holland  ances- 
try, who  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania  about  1650, 
and  the  two  elder  Kuhns  were  soldiers  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two 
Joseph  was  elected  Colonel  of  State  militia, 
and  in  subsequent  life  was  elected  Associate 
Judge  of  Adams  county,  and  was  completing 
bis  third  term  of  service  at  the  date  of  his 
death. 

Joseph  A.  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  and 
attended  the  public  schools  ur.til  his  eighteenth 
year.  He  was  then  sent  to  Calvert  College, 
Maryland,  and  remained  until  1859,  when  he 
determined  to  strike  out  for  self-support.  In 
June,  1860,  he  arrived  at  Omaha,  Nebraska, 
which  city  was  his  headquarters  for  the  follow- 
ing six  years,  he  being  engaged  in  the  arduous 
and  adventurous  business  of  freighting  to  vari- 
ous points,  in  the  Rocky  mountains, — Denver, 
Salt  Lake,  Fort  Laramie  and  Virginia  City. 
In  1866,  with  a  mule  train,  he  crossed  to 
Stockton,  California;  thence  by  steamer  to 
Portland,  Oregon;  and  then  across  to  Olympia 


and  down  the  sound  to  Port  Townsend,  for  the 
purpose  of  shipping  before  the  mast.  The 
vessel  not  being  ready,  Mr.  Kuhn  opened  a 
small  photographic  gallery,  and  at  tlae  same 
time  began  reading  law  in  the  office  of  Judson 
&  McFadden.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1870,  and  engaged  in  practice  in  the  offices  of 
his  preceptors. 

In  1872  Mr.  McFadden  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress, and  the  firm  then  became  Judson  & 
Kuhn,  which  was  continued  until  1876;  then 
changed  to  Kuhn  &  Burke,  with  Judge  Thomas 
Burke,  of  Seattle,  as  copartner;  and  in  1880 
the  firm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Kuhn  continued 
alone  up  to  1890;  then  retired  from  active 
practice. 

He  has  also  been  closely  identified  with  the 
development  of  the  city,  and  to  him  and  Mr. 
Eisenbeis,  who  were  associated,  is  the  city 
indebted  for  the  enterprise  of  building  1,320 
feet  of  sea-wall  between  Taylor  and  Van  Buren 
streets,  thus  adding  materially  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  city,  and  improving  the  waterfront. 
He  has  also  erected  some  of  the  finest  improve- 
ments of  the  city,  in  residence  and  business 
property, — the  '■  Chetzamoka  "  block  being  his 
latest  investment.  He  was  one  of  the  incorpor- 
ators of  the  Commercial  Bank  in  1890,  and 
served  two  years  as  president.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Merchants'  Bank,  and  is  a 
stockholder  and  director  of  the  First  National 
Bank.  He  was  active  in  organizing  the  Port 
Townsend  Southern  Railroad  Company,  and 
served  as  president  to  the  time  of  the  sale  of 
the  road  in  1890.  He  aided  in  organizing, 
and  is  president  of  the  Point  Hudson  Foundry, 
Port  Townsend  Construction  A:  Street  Railway 
Company,  and  vice-president  of  the  Port 
Townsend  Gas  &  Fuel  Company,  besides  own- 
ing valuable  timber  lands  in  contiguous  coun- 
ties of  the  sound. 

As  a  Democrat  he  has  held  a  high  rank  in 
his  party.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Washington,  and  by  re-election 
has  filled  seven  terms,  serving  in  both  houses. 
He  served  twelve  years  on  the  School  Board 
of  Port  Townsend;  ten  years  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  four  years  Probate  Judge;  two  terms 
Mayor  of  Port  Townsend;  three  terms  Commis- 
sioner of  Emigration;  and  has  served  as  Chair- 
man of  Territorial  and  County  Democratic 
Committees;  and  from  1884  to  1892  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Democratic  Committee. 

As  a  Mason   Judge  Kuhn   has  received  tlie 


HISTORY     OF    WASIHNOTON. 


thirty-second  degree  and  Mystic  Shrine — Scot- 
tish Kite,  Southern  Jurisdiction.  He  is  Past 
Grand  Master  of  the  Lodge  of  Washington,  and 
special  duty  of  Supremo  Council  for  northern 
counties  of  Washington  and  Alaska. 


T(aC015  GOETZ,  of  Spokane,  was  horn  in 
i^J  Frankfurt-on-the  Main,  Germany,  in 
^^  1853,  a  son  of  Lorenz  and  Marguerite 
(Loefler)  Goetz,  ah-o  natives  of  that  country. 
The  fatlier  was  agai-deiier  by  occupation.  Jacob, 
our  subject,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1868, 
locating  first  in  Illinois,  w]>ere  he  remained  one 
year.  He  then  spent  one  year  in  St.  Louis, 
Missouri;  one  year  in  Vicksburg,  Mississippi, 
engaged  in  raising  cotton;  returned  to  St.  Louis 
and  f(;l]o\ved  gardening  and  contracting  for  a 
time;  in  187G  went  to  Oregon,  and  one  year 
later  began  logging  in  Lewiston,  Idaho,  where 
he  also  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  and 
ill  contract  M^ork  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road. In  1883  Mr.  Goetz  went  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mining  until 
1889,  and  in  that  year  came  to  Spokane,  where 
he  bought  property  at  a  cost  of  $33,000.  He 
erected  a  fine  building  in  this  city,  at  a  cost  of 
§230,000,  which  was  destroyed  during  the  great 
fire  of  August,  1889.  Tiie  next  day  he  began 
business  in  the  largest  tent  in  the  world,  which 
cost  $20,000,  and  soon  afterward,  in  June,  1890, 
erected  his  present  fine  lilock,  at  a  cost  of 
$95,000.  This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
blocks  in  the  State.  In  addition  to  his  other 
business  interests,  our  subject  also  owns  consid- 
erable property  in  and  around  Spokane. 

He  was  married  in  1887,  to  Miss  Louise 
Knuth,  a  native  of  Germany.  They  have  one 
son,  Harry  Frankfurt,  aged  three  years.  Mr. 
Goetz  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Elks,  Spokane 
Lodge,  and  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party. 
Eeligiously,  both  he  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Lutheran  Church. 


D\AVII)  B.  FOTIIERINGHAM,  one  of 
j  the  leading  citizens  of  Spokane,  was  born 
— -  in  Ohio,  in  October,  1856,  a  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Isabella  (Boyd)  Fotheringham.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and^a  merchant 
by  occupation.      Uavid  B,,  the  third  in  a  family 


of  four  children,  w'as  educated  in  the  common 
and  high  schools  of  Pennsylvania,  and  com- 
pleted his  education  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
years.  He  was  then  engaged  in  contracting  and 
building  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  until  1877,  fol- 
lowed the  same  occupation  in  Denver,  Colorado, 
until  1883,  and  in  that  year  beg<an  work  at  his 
trade  in  Spokane,  Washington,  which  he  still 
continues. 

Mr.  Fotheringham  was  elected  City  Alder- 
man in  1888,  the  Mayor  of  Spokane  in  1881. 
He  filled  the  latter  uflice  with  ability  until  1892, 
when  he  voluntarily  retired  from  politics.  The 
following  is  an  extract  from  a  local  publication 
and  is  apropos  in  this  connection:  "It  is  a 
somewhat  noticeable  feature  in  connection  with 
the  municipal  government  of  this  city  that  the 
reins  are  held  by  men  who  are  still  young  in 
years.  Under  the  new  charter  adopted  in  the 
spring  of  1891  the  citizens,  with  wise  foresigiit, 
elevated  to  oflice  men  who  had  no  antiquated 
ideas  to  unlearn,  but  who  were  both  wide-awake 
and  capable,  and  at  tliesame  time  personally  in- 
terested by  virtue  of  their  various  business  con-- 
nections  in  the  progress  of  welfare  of  the  city. 
The  ])resent  Mayor  of  Spokane,  David  B.  Foth- 
eringham, is  eminently  qualified  to  occupy  tlie 
liighcst  office  within  the  gift  of  the  people.  His 
capable  direction  of  municipal  affairs  his  clearly 
proven  his  executive  ability,  and  it  is  evident  to 
all  that  he  is  the  right  man  in  the  right  place. 
As  a  citizen,  Mr.  Fotheringham  has  shown  dur- 
ing his  many  years  of  residence  here  that  he  did 
not  make  any  error  in  his  judgmentof  what  the 
future  Spokane  would  be  when  he  selected  this 
city  as  his  permanent  home.  Coming  here 
when  it  was  but  a  village,  he  has  shared  with 
others  in  the  labor  of  making  the  place  what  it 
appears  to-day,- — the  leading  commercial  center 
in  this  great  inland  empire. 

By  dint  of  energy,  strict  attention  to  business, 
coupled  with  an  experience  born  of  practical  ap- 
plication, he  has  prospered  with  the  growth  of 
Spokane,  meeting  with  marked  financial  success 
in  his  business  life,  and  wearing  now  with  be- 
coming dignity  the  highest  municipal  honors 
which  his  fellow-citizens  have  to  confer  upon 
him. 

"During  his  thirty-five  years  Mr.  Fothering- 
ham has  seen  considerable  more  of  the  world 
than  falls  to  the  lot  of  many  men  of  even  mature 
age,  and  his  training  has  been  of  the  most  prac- 
tical nature.  As  an  executive  officer  he  is  con- 
servative in  his  ideas,   though  truly  progressive 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ia  character,  every  movement  which  lie  believes, 
after  thorough  investigation,  to  be  for  the  pub- 
lic good,  meeting  with  his  hearty  approval  and 
cordial  support.  That  he  is  ever  watchful  of 
tlie  city's  best  interests  has  been  evinced  by  the 
manly  and  determined  stand  which  he  has  fallen 
upon  occasions  when  he  deemed  it  necessary  to 
exercise  his  official  prerogative,  and  the  citizens 
of  Spokane  could  not  have  selected  a  more  careful 
or  conscientious  guardian  of  their  rights  and 
privileges." 

As  a  public  official  Mr.  Fotheringham  is  al- 
ways affable,  gentlemanly,  and  approachable. 
His  long  residence  here  has  made  him  hosts  of 
friends,  every  one  of  whom  wishes  for  him  even 
greater  advancement  and  higher  honors  than 
those  which  he  has  already  achieved.  While 
ever  a  busy  man,  Mr.  Fotheringham  does  not 
permit  the  duties  and  cares  of  municipal  life 
to  monopolize  his  undivided  attention,  but  with- 
in the  charmed  circle  of  home  and  amid  the  so- 
cial life  of  the  city,  he  finds  that  relaxation  and 
enjoyment  which  comes  from  such  refined 
sources. 

He  was  married  in  1882,  to  Miss  Mary  Jen- 
nings, a  native  of  Katon,  New  Mexico.  They 
have  three  children:  William  Henry,  age  nine 
years;  David  Dalton,  five  years;  and  Benjamin 
Harrison,  three  years.  Mr.  Fotheringham  has 
a  beautiful  residence  on  the  corner  of  Hemlock 
and  Second  avenue.  Socially,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

n\ll.  J.  P.  SWEENEY,  President  of    the 
'l  Board   of  Aldermen    of  Seattle,    and    a 
medical  practitioner  of  the  city,  was  born 

in  Lincoln,  Rhode  Island,  April  12,  1857. 

Thomas  F.  and  Mary  (Gillaii)  Sweeney,  his 
parents,  were  born  in  Ireland,  but  were  married 
in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  where  Mr.  Sweeney 
was  successfully  engaged  as  a  bookseller  and 
publisher.  He  was  a  prominent  speaker  and 
extensive  writer,  being  a  frequent  contributor 
to  journals  and  magazines  on  topics  of  histori- 
cal and  local  interest.  Mr.  Sweeney  removed  to 
Rhode  Island,  on  account  of  the  health  of  his 
family,  and  there  his  son,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  born.  The  father  died  in  1861, 
leaving  the  care  of  a  large  family  to  his  widow. 
Dr.  Sweeney  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Central  Falls  from  the  time  he  was  four  until  lie 


was  twelve  years  old,  after  which  for  four  years 
he  was  successively  employed  in  a  linen  factory, 
grocery  store,  and  in  tiie  moulding  room  of  an 
iron  and  brass  foundry.  Then  he  spent  one 
year  in  school  at  Lawrence,  Massachusetts. 
Appreciating  the  advantages  of  an  education  by 
this  time,  he  worked  hard  and  accomplished 
about  two  years'  work  in  one.  Returning  to 
Central  Falls  and  finding  no  congenial  occupa- 
tion, he  began  shoveling  coal,  and  in  this  way 
earned  sufficient  means  to  start  him  upon  his 
journey  westward.  Arriving  at  Cincinnati,  he 
applied  for  work  in  various  departments,  with- 
out success.  Not  discouraged,  however,  he  went 
out  into  the  country  and  worked  on  a  farm  for 
a  dollar  a  day  and  his  board,  thus  saving  enough 
money  to  pay  his  passage  on  the  steamer  Rob- 
ert Mitchell  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  arrived 
in  August,  1876.  The  following  three  years  of 
his  life  were  passed  in  traveling  through  Texas 
and  into  the  interior  of  Mexico.  He  traveled 
over  5,000  miles  in  tlie  land  of  Montezuma,  and 
spent  his  leisure  in  learning  the  Spanish  lan- 
guage, in  which  he  became  very  proficient.  He 
found  ready  employment  in  teaching  the  English 
tongue  at  the  Polytechnic  College,  San  Luis  Po- 
tosi.  His  experiences  were  varied  and  often 
fraught  with  danger.  At  last,  tiring  of  the  un- 
settled and  undeveloped  condition  of  the  coun- 
try, he  returned  to  Central  Falls  to  visit  his 
home  and  friends. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr. 
James  E.  Tobey.  Then  he  attended  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of  New  York  city, 
where  he  graduated  May  16,  1882.  Upon  the 
completion  of  his  college  course,  he  entered  into 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Central  Falls. 
However,  being  unable  to  overcome  the  impres- 
sions of  western  push  and  enterprise,  and  being 
desirous  of  returning  to  that  land  of  greater  op- 
portunity. Dr.  Sweeney  secured  the  appoint- 
ment of  physician  to  the  Cueur  d'Alene  Indian 
Reservation,  a  part  of  the  Colville  agency,  and 
ill  February,  1885,  departed  for  that  field  of 
labor.  He  was  the  first  physician  ever  sent  to 
that  tribe,  which  he  found  in  a  sickly  and  mis- 
erable condition.  After  two  and  a  half  years  of 
service,  he  overcame  many  of  the  diseases  of  the 
tribe,  being  then  removed  to  Fort  Spokane,  the 
iieadquarters  of  the  Colville  agency.  He  re- 
mained at  the  headquarters  until  the  office  was 
changed  to  the  interior,  when  he  resigned.  Vis- 
iting Seattle  at  this  time,  and  being  delighted 


HISTORY    OP    WASnrNOTON. 


witli  its  future  prospects,  he  immediately  settled 
there,  aud  soon  estal)lished  himself  in  a  lucra- 
tive practice. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  Seattle,  Dr.  Sweeney 
identitied  himself  with  the  Democratic  politics 
of  the  city,  and  in  1868  was  a  delegate  to  the 
county  convention.  He  then  continued  an 
pctive  supporter  of  his  party  principles,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1891,  by  a  petition  signed  by  Hfty 
electors,  was  nomiiuited  to  fill  a  vacancy  "  at 
large"  upon  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  at  a 
succeeding  special  election  was  duly  elected  to 
till  the  vacancy  in  the  Eighth  ward,  being  tlie 
only  Democratic  member  and  tlie  first  Demo- 
crat elected  at  lai'ge.  In  the  spring  of  1892  he 
was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  four  years,  with  the 
highest  straight  vote.  By  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men he  was  honored  by  lieino;  elected  president 
of  that  body,  the  duties  of  which  lie  ably  and 
enthusiastically  performs.  He  is  now  the  acting 
Mayor  of  Seattle. 

Dr.  Sweeney  was  married  at  Gardiner,  Maine, 
in  1883,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Rafter,  of  that  city. 
They  have  two  ciiildren,  Mary  Christina  and 
Josephine  De  Sinet. 

The  Doctor  continues  a  general  practice  in 
medicine  and  surgery,  and  through  his  several 
investments  in  real  estate  is  the  possessor  of 
valuable  city  and  acre  property.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Tthode  Island  Medical  Society,  Kings 
County  Medical  Society,  and  Washington  State 
Medical  Society. 


l(  RTHUR  T.  WESTON,  a  highly  es- 
l\  teemed  citizen  of  Clarke  county,  belongs 
J^  to  that  army  of  fruit-growers  that  have 
developed  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
important  industries  in  the  world.  It  is  there- 
fore titting  that  a  brief  outline  of  liis  career  be 
inserted  in  this  volume.  He  was  born  in  Sara- 
toga county.  New  York,  February  11,  1836,  a 
son  of  Oliver  and  Ann  (Sherman)  Weston,  wiio 
were  descended  from  old  and  influential  fami- 
lies of  the  Empire  State.  Both  father  and 
mother  are  deceased,  the  former  having  passed 
away  in  18-45,  and  the  latter  in  1886.  When  a 
lad  of  thirteen  years  Arthur  T.  went  to  Massa- 
chusetts, and  there  resided  until  he  had  attained 
his  majority.  In  1857  he  joined  the  train  of 
western  emigrants,  and  did  not  stop  on  his 
journey  until  he  had  reached  Columbia  county, 


Wisconsin,  where  for  many  years  he  was  con- 
nected, in  one  capacity  or  another,  with  the  rail- 
road company;  he  removed  later  to  Juneau 
county  and  there  estahlished  a  thriving  mer- 
cantile business.  His  next  place  of  ahode  was 
Clay  county,  Dakota,  and  there  he  remained 
Ave  years,  coming  aftiie  end  of  that  time  to 
Wa^llington.  He  located  in  Vancouver  in  1877, 
and  now  owns  four  and  a  half  acres  of  laud  set 
to  fruits  of  various  kinds.  He  markets  the 
green  fruits  in  the  cit\  df  I'ortland,  but  makes 
a  specialty  of  drying  the  cutiie  pi'une  crop. 

Mr.  Weston  affiliates  with  no  secret  societies, 
and  takes  no  active  interest  in  the  political 
questions  of  the  day;  his  views,  however,  are 
strictly  in  accord  with  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  pai'ty. 

His  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Smith,  a  na- 
tive of  Massachusetts,  was  solemnized  Septem- 
ber 11,  1859;  they  are  the  parents  of  three 
children:  Frederick  S.,  Frank  A.  and  Charles  II. 


fj  OBERT  II.  McHARGUE,  County  Com- 
missionei'    and    one    of    the    substantial 


I  \:i  farmers  of  Columbia  county,  was  born 
^  in  Linn  county,    Oregon,   December  2-1, 

1854,  and  reared  in  his  native  State,  a  son 
of  James  and  Sarah  (Montgomery)  McUar- 
gne.  His  father,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847, 
crossed  the  plains  that  year  and  took  up  a  do- 
nation claim  in  Linn  county,  where  he  has  since 
resided. 

Mr.  McIIargue,  of  tliis  sketch,  is  the  sixtli  in 
order  of  birth  of  the  eleven  children  in  the  above 
family.  After  he  attained  his  majority  of 
years  he  engaged  in  stock-raising,  in  company 
with  liis  father,  on  a  farm  in  AVhitman  county, 
that  State.  After  the  expiration  of  about  nine 
years  he  moved  to  Columbia  county,  Washing- 
ton, in  1883,  and  he  now  resides  some  eight 
miles  northwest  of  the  city  of  Dayton.  His 
farm  consists  of  320  acres,  nearly  all  of  which 
is  devoted  to  grain-growing.  On  the  premises 
are  a  nice  little  orchard,  a  large  barn,  suitable 
sheds,  etc.  The  entire  farm  has  the  appearance 
of  thrift  and  comfort. 

With  reference  to  the  great  political  ques- 
tions of  the  day  Mr.  McHargue  takes  Demo- 
cratic views  most  decidedly,  and  his  sympathies 
are  for  the  principles  of  "Old  Hickoiy"  Jack- 
son.    He  was  elected  County  Commissioner  in 


mSTORY    OP    }VASUimiTON. 


29  i 


the  aiitiiinii  of  1892,  and  he  is  at  present  also  a 
itieiiiljer  of  the  School  Board  of  District  No  36. 

July  19,  1882,  is  the  date  of  Mr.  Mcliargue's 
marriage  to  Miss  Nannie  E.  Wrigiit,  a  daughter 
of  Edwtird  Wriwlit,  of  Oregon,  and  tliey  have 
had  four  children,  namely:  "Myrtle,  Ilazei,  Nina 
and  Mamie. 

The  siil)ject  of  the  foregoing  brief  sketch  is 
numbered  among  the  representative  and  pro- 
gressive citizens  of  the  county,  and  he  enjoys 
the  esteem  of  the  entire  community. 

dl   T.  IIONALD,  Mayor  of  Seattle,  was  i>orn 
in  Caledonia,    Washington    county,    Mis- 
— ,     sonri,  April  8  185-5. 

His  father,  Onslow  (1.  Ronald,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  his  great-grandfather,  Andrew 
Ronald,  was  one  of  two  sons  of  Lord  Ronald,  of 
Scotland.  After  the  death  of  Lord  Ronald, 
Andrew,  in  1755,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years, 
was  brought  to  the  Virginia  colony.  He  grew 
up  to  be  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  was  coun- 
sellor for  the  Crown  in  Virginia  prior  to  the 
Jievoiutionary  war..  In  boyhood  Onslow  G. 
Ronald  removed  with  his  parents  to  Madison 
county,  Missouri,  and  was  there  reared  and 
ediicated,  and  married  to  Miss  Amanda  Carson, 
a  native  of  Virginia.  They  snbsequently  settled 
in  Washington  county,  where  Mr.  Ronald  fol- 
lowed agricultural  pursuits. 

J.  T.  Iionald  was  reanid  upon  the  farm,  and 
when  not  engaged  in  fanning  duties  improved 
his  time  securing  knowledge  at  the  public 
school  and  seminary  of  his  native  town.  -In 
1878  he  entered  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Kirkville,  where,  being  advanced  in  his  studies, 
he  completed  the  three  years'  course  in  two 
years,  graduating  in  June,  1875.  He  at  once 
started  for  the  Pacific  coast,  and  landed  at  Sac- 
ramento on  Jnly  26,  with  his  financial  capital 
reduced  to  ten  cents.  He  secured  the  jiositioii 
of  teacher  of  a  small  school  in  the  valley;  but, 
on  account  of  his  inexperience,  was  considei-ed 
incapable,  and  after  one  term  was  retired.  He 
then  went  to  Plumas  county  and  began  teaching 
the  Snake  Lake  Valley  school,  was  soon  pro- 
moted to  the  Greenville  school,  and  after  one 
year  was  elected  principal,  which  position  he 
held  three  years.  July  4,  1876,  he  borrowed  a 
copy  of  Blackstone  of  Judge  E.  T.  Hogan,  of 
Qnincy,    California,    and  earnestly    began    the 


study  of  law,  improving  every  leisure  moment 
before  and  after  school  and  studying  well  into 
the  night.  Continuing  his  teaching  and  the 
study  of  law  until  1880,  he  was  then  called  to 
take  charge  as  principal  of  the  Lincoln  Gram- 
mar School,  at  Lincoln,  Placer  county,  and 
there  remained  for  tw'o  years,  when  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  the  Superior  Court  of 
Placer  county.  May  27,  1882. 

While  pursuing  his  studies,  Mr.  llonald  had 
been  investigating  the  several  points  of  the 
Pacific  coast  as  to  a  place  of  settlement,  and 
finally  decided  upon  Seattle.  He  packed  up  his 
household  effects  and  removed  to  this  city,  ar- 
riving July  26,  1882,  with  his  wife  and  child 
atid  $400  in  cash,  deciding  to  "  make  or  break  " 
with  the  development  of  this  city.  The  popu- . 
lation  then  numbered  4,600  and  included  fifty- 
three  lawyers.  With  no  experience  whatever, 
Mr.  Ronald  opened  an  office,  His  11  nances  were 
exhansted  before  securing  a  case,  and  he  resorted 
to  the  sale  of  real  estate  to  support  his  family. 
In  August,  1883,  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  with  no  salary  attached 
thereto.  Peeling,  however,  that  this  oppor- 
tunity would  develop  his  career,  he  applied 
himself  to  a  careful  understanding  of  the  crimi- 
nal code  and  then  hegan  a  vigorous  prosecution 
of  the  gamblers  and  "hobos"  who  had  been 
running  riot  through  the  city,  and  by  his  suc- 
cessful prosecution  he  built  up  a  name  and  repu- 
tation. In  the  fall  of  18S4  he  was  the  nominee 
of  the  Democi-atic  party  for  the  oflicc  of  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  for  the  district  nf  Kino;.  Kitsap 
and  Snohomish  counties,  and  was  elected  with  a 
majority  of  1,153  votes,  in  a  district  formerly 
1,200  Republican  majority.  In  1886  he  was 
reelected  with  a  majority  of  1,793,  filling  the 
position  up  to  March  4,  1889,  when  he  retired 
from  office,  having  discharged  his  duties  with 
honor  and  distinction.  la  1886  he  took  in 
as  partner  S.  U.  Piles,  Esq.,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  the  firm  has  conducted  a  general 
practice  in  all  the  courts  of  the  State.  Their 
practice  has  been  very  extensive  in  both  civil 
and  criminal  law  in  King  and  adjoining  coun- 
ties. A^fter  studiously  declining  public  office, 
Mr.  Ronald  listened  to  the  solicitation  of  his 
Democratic  fiiends  in  the  spring  of  1892  and 
was  nominated  Mayor  of  Seattle,  to  which  office 
he  was  subse(|uently  elected  by  a  very  fiattering 
majority.  He  has  been  largely  interested  in 
the  development  of  resident  property,  having 
platted    the    Electric    Motor   Line  Addition  to 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Seattle.  He  is  also  the  owner  of  800  acres  of 
valuable  farm  and  timber  land  in  King  and  ad- 
joining counties,  besides  some  valuable  city 
property  in  Seattle. 

Mr.  Ronald  was  married  in  Stockton,  Cali- 
fornia, February  26,  1877,  to  one  of  his  college 
mates,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  the  parents  of 
three  children.  Norma,  Eva  and  Mabel. 

Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ijILLIAM  O.   BENNETT  is  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  liice  «!c  Bennett,  Attor- 


neyi 


and  Counselors  at  Law,  Central ia, 


AVashington.  They  practice  in  all  the  courts  of 
the  State,  negotiate  loans  and  make  collections, 
and  represent  some  of  the  leading  insurance 
companies  of  the  United  States.  The  individual 
members  of  the  firm  are  A.  E.  Rice  and  William 
O.  Bennett.  Mr.  Rice  is  a  well-known  member 
of  the  bar  of  Lewis  county,  and  is  the  present 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  having  been  elected  to  the 
office  in  1892.  The  firm  is  accounted  the 
strongest  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State.  Mr. 
Bennett  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, born  in  Hillsborough  county,  September 
3,  1840.  The  younger  of  two  children  of  hum- 
ble parents,  his  boyhood  and  youth  were  not  the 
brightest;  his  father  died  when  he  was  a  mere 
child,  and  through  force  of  the  circumstances  in 
which  his  mother  was  left,  it  becaine  necessary 
for  her  to  entrust  him  to  the  care  of  others, 
tempoi'arily,  until  he  was  received  into  the  home 
of  Joshua  Martin,  where  he  lived  until  a  youth 
of  fourteen  years.  He  attended  the  common 
schools   for   a    brief   period,   and  although    his 


oppo 


•tunities  were  limited,  he  laid  the  founda- 


tion for  an  education  that  has  been  acquired  in 
later  years  through  his  own  efforts,  experience 
being  his  faithful,  though  often  severe  teacher. 
He  left  the  scenes  of  his  childhood  at  the  tender 
age  of  fourteen  years,  and  made  his  way  to  Min- 
nesota, where  he  was  employed  on  a  farm  for 
two  years;  he  then  took  up  the  carpenter's 
trade,  which  he  followed  without  interruption 
until  1868.  At  this  time  he  took  charge  of  the 
St.  Charles  elevators,  and  held  the  position  four 
years,  resigning  to  take  np  the  duties  of  City 
Recorder,  to  which  office  he  had  been  elected  in 
1872,  and  re-elected  in  1873,  without  opposition. 
In  1878,  he  became  traveling  salesman  for  Wal- 


ter A.  Wood,  manufacturer  of  agricultural  im- 
plements, and  remained  in  his  employ  for  many 
years. 

Having  a  natural  taste  for  law  as  a  profes- 
sion, Mr.  Bennett  took  up  the  study  as  early  as 
1872,  but  did  not  seek  admission  to  the  bar  un- 
til he  had  taken  up  his  residence  in  this  State. 
He  located  in  Lewis  county,  in  1885,  and  for 
several  years  has  been  Notary  Public.  He  is  an 
ardent  Democrat  and  has  been  of  great  service 
to  his  party  as  an  organizer,  and  is  one  of  its 
able  and  sterling  leaders.  In  1889,  he  was  the 
Democratic  nominee  for  the  Legislature,  and 
was  on  the  ticket  again  the  following  year,  and, 
although  he  ran  ahead  of  his  party  ticket,  the 
Republican  majority  of  400  was  not  overcome, 
and  he  was  lacking  eighty-one  votes  of  election. 

Mr.  Bennett  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  and  is  a  high  official  of  that  fraternity. 

While  a  resident  of  Illihois,  September  8, 
1868,  he  was  united  in  marriage,  to  Mary  L. 
Ives,  a  daughter  of  Henry  T.  Ives,  a  pioneer  of 
Illinois,  having  located  here  in  1836.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bennett  are  the  parents  of  six  children: 
Mary  L.,  wdfe  of  C.  J.  Williams;  Eertha  M., 
wife  of  M.  R.  Ross,  a  merchant  of  Centralia; 
Nellie  A.,  wife  of  G.  M.  Butterworth,  in  busi- 
ness at  Seattle;  Frederick;  Frances  II.;  and  one 
that  died  in  infancy. 


IUlLIAM  L.  RUSSELL,  one  of  the 
bright  young  business  men  and  excel- 
lent farmers  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  this  State.  He  is  a 
sou  of  Charles  and  Annie  (Sheets)  Russell,  and 
was  born  May  19,  18C4.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, Ciiarles  Russell,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  the  Walla  Walla  valley.  The  missionaries 
were  here  before  him,  as  were  the  employes  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  mostly  Canadians. 
Prior  to  the  war  of  1855-'56,  the  Americans  iiad 
attempted  a  settlement  here  and  had  been  driven 
away  by  the  Indians.  When  the  soldiers  came 
to  conquer  the  Indians,  Mr.  Russell  came  with 
them  as  wagon-master  and  lived  here  contin- 
uously until  his  death,  August  7,  1891. 

Charles  Russell  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, born  September  18,  1828.  His 
father  was  a  physician  and  would  doubtless  have 
been  pleased  if  his  sou  had  decided  to  adopt  his 


UlUTOliT    OF    WA^UINOTON. 


professiou,  but  as  a  boy  be  bad  been  adveiitur- 
ona  and  desired  to  see  otber  countries,  and  at 
tlie  early  age  of  ten  years  left  borne  and  adopted 
tbe  sea  as  bis  profession.  In  1846  he  enlisted 
in  tbe  United  States  marine  service  and  sailed 
on  tbe  sloop-of-war,  tbe  Dale,  for  tbe  Pacific 
coast.  lie  participated  in  tbe  war  that  gave 
California  to  tbe  United  States,  and  finally  was 
discbarged  from  service  in  New  York,  in  1850. 
He  then  came  aj^ain  to  California,  by  tbe 
Isthmus  route,  where  be  soon  found  employ- 
ment in  tbe  United  States  Quartermaster's  de- 
partment, and  was  so  connected  until  1855, 
under  General  Allen.  In  1855,  Lieutenant 
Kobert  Williamson  commanded  a  party,  con- 
sisting of  Lieutenants  George  Crook,  Horatio 
Gibson,  Phil.  Sheridan,  and  Lieutenant  Abbott, 
which  visited  Oregon  for  the  purpose  of  finding 
a  railroad  route  through  the  Cascade  range  of 
mountains,  and  Mr.  Russell  accompanied  them, 
in  charge  of  the  pack  train.  In  JNovember  of 
that  year  tbe  party  disorganized  at  tbe  Dalles, 
and  Mr.  Russell  took  charge  of  tbe  transporta- 
tion in  the  Yakima  expedition,  under  Major 
Raines,  after  the  Indians.  Later  be  came  to 
Walla  Walla,  in  charge  of  the  transportation 
under  Colonel  Stcptoe,  where  he  arrived  in  Au- 
gust, 1856.  From  that  time  until  1859  be  was 
in  charge  of  transportation  for  tbe  Government 
under  the  quartermaster  in  this  department. 
Here  Mr.  Russell  had  from  fifty  to  120  men  in 
his  employ  all  of  the  time.  Under  bis  super- 
vision all  of  the  war  parties  were  fitted  out,  in- 
cluding that  of  tbe  ill-fated  Steptoe  reconnois- 
sance,  and  also  for  tbe  historic  raid  of  Col. 
Wright. 

Farming  was  inti'oduced  by  Mr.  Russell  in 
the  spring  of  1858.  The  first  crop  raised  in  the 
State  was  by  him  on  bis  present  farm.  Said 
crop  was  one  of  oats,  and  be  sold  the  product  to 
tbe  Government  at  $5  per  cental.  The  crop 
was  threshed  out  by  tbe  old  rudimentary  proc- 
ess, liorses  being  used  to  tread  it.  The  follow- 
ing season  he  brought  to  Walla  Walla  tbe  first 
thresher  ever  introduced  into  tiie  Territory  and 
present  State  of  Washington.  The  machine 
was  transported  by  wagon  road  over  tbe  Cas- 
cade mountains,  and  the  freight  charges  alone 
amounted  to  $1,400.  In  fact,  Dr.  Whitman  liad 
tilled  tbe  bottom  land  around  his  mission  years 
before,  and  the  Canadians  bad  raised  little 
patches  of  grain  and  lierbs,  but  no  extensive 
cultivation  of  tbe  land  took  place  until  the  work 
was  inaugurated  by  Mr.  Russell. 


During  bis  whole  career  Mr.  Russell  was  au 
active  man  and  bis  life  is  a  part  of  tbe  public 
history  of  Walla  Walla  county.  The  farm  where 
be  lived  and  died  consists  of  720  acres,  lying 
along  tbe  creek  which  bears  his  name,  and  there 
is  no  finer  locality  between  the  two  great  ranges 
of  mountains.  Tbe  farm  is  all  fenced  and  the 
most  of  it  is  cultivated,  and  with  it  is  connected 
an  orchard  eufiicient  for  household  purposes. 
The  farmstead  is  situated  three  miles  from  the 
city  of  Walla  Walla,  tbe  soil  being  black  loam 
and  very  productive.  As  an  instance,  in  1881 
Mr.  Russell  raised  9,500  bushels  of  oats,  5,000 
bushels  of  wheat,  1,000  bushels  of  barley,  and 
500  tons  of  hay  upon  tbe  farm. 

Tbe  marriage  of  Charles  Russell  took  place 
November  21,  1860,  when  be  wedded  .Miss 
Annie  Sheets,  daughter  of  John  Sheets,  of  Walla 
Walla,  and  tiie  names  of  their  children  are  as 
follows:  Charles,  born  September  12,  1861; 
Mary,  born  January  2,  1863,  died  March  12, 
1863;  William,  born  May  20,  1864;  Harry, 
born  June  8,  1866;  Lavenia,  born  August  26, 
1868;  and  Nellie,  born  December  31,  1872. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  tbe  farm,  attended 
the  common  schools  when  a  boy,  but  later  tbe 
military  academy  at  Oakland,  California,  spend- 
ing eighteen  months  there.  Following  this 
training,  he  entered  tbe  St.  Augustine  Academy 
atPenicia,  California,  from  which  he  graduated 
with  honors  in  1883,  receiving  tbe  silver  medal 
for  first  honors  in  the  graduating  class.  His 
instruction  next  was  received  in  the  Berkeley 
Gymnasium,  at  Berkley,  and  from  there  he  en- 
tered the  State  University  of  California,  where 
be  took  one  course,  and  then  returned  to  his 
home,  having  bad  advantages  far  beyond  those 
of  tiie  average  young  man.  Soon  after  this  he 
was  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Quartermas- 
ter's department  at  St.  Louis,  under  Captain 
John  W.  Pullman,  and  there  be  remained  for 
two  years. 

Returning  to  bis  delightful  home,  our  sub- 
ject then  decided  to  begin  an  agricultural  life, 
and  has  since  remained  on  tbe  farm.  With  liis 
two  brothers,  mother  and  sister  our  subject  now 
lives  on  one  of  tbe  farms,  consisting  of  440 
acres,  three  miles  from  Walla  Walla.  Here  tbe 
young  men  carry  on  an  extensive  farming  busi- 
ness and  are  engaged  in  tbe  i-aising  of  fine 
horses.  They  have  tbe  Hambletonian  and 
Bellefontaiue  stock,  and  own  some  excellent 
animals.  One,  Metropolitan,  bought  of  J.  B. 
Haggin  of  San  Francisco,   California,  is  valued 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


at  15,000.  One  of  the  young  horses,  "  Nellie 
Kussell,"  made  a  record  of  2:29i  at  the  fair  at 
Spokane  Falls,  Octoher  21,  1802^  Several  oth- 
ers are  very  promising,  hut  have  not  been  put 
on  the  track. 

Our  subject  was  married.  May  2-3,  1892,  to 
Miss  Minnie  Sturm,  an  accomplished  young 
lady  of  Walla  Walla,  where  slie  was  born  and 
reared.  She  is  tiie  daughter  of  C^liristian  and 
Mary  Sturm,  the  former  a  native  of  Germany 
and  the  latter  of  Illinois,  now  residents  of  Walla 
Walla  and  extensive  farmers. 

[fI[-IKAM    PARDOE    TITTTLE,    M.     D., 

Ir^     prominently  identified  with  the  medical 

J     L    profession   in  Taconia,  AYashington,  was 

1^  born    in    Keokuk,    Iowa,    December    9, 

1844.  Ilis  father,  Daniel  Tuttle,  who  is  now 
a  respected  resident  of  Watsonville,  California, 
emigrated  to  the  West  in  1852,  coming  across 
the  plains  by  ox  team  to  the  Golden  State,  and 
enduring  all  the  hardships  incidental  to  that 
journey.  lie  was  accompanied  by  his  family, 
and  tiiey  settled  temporarily  at  Shasta,  Cali- 
fornia, whence  they  removed  three  months  later 
to  a  permanent  settlement  at  what  is  known  as 
the  Twenty -one  Mile  House,  on  the  Saci-amento 
river,  where  they  remained  hve  years.  In  1857 
they  renaoved  to  Watsonville,  where  the  father 
still  resides,  enjoying,  as  the  reward  of  his 
perseverance  and  industry,  a  comfortable  income 
in  his  declining  years. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  eight  years  of 
age  when  he  experienced  the  hardships  of  a 
western  journey,  and  may  almost  be  said  to  be 
a  son  of  the  Golden  State,  where  so  many  of 
his  early  years  were  passed.  In  1800,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  he  entered  the  University  of  the 
I'acific  at  Santa  Clara,  at  which  institution  he 
graduated  in  1865.  He  immediately  afterward 
entered  the  Toland  Medical  College,  wliich  is 
now  the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  California,  at  which  he  received  his  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  1868, 
carrying  off  the  much  coveted  gold  medal.  The 
Doctor  at  once  commenced  his  practice  at 
Monterey,  California,  which  now  flourishing 
city  was  then  in  its  infancy,  although  possess- 
ing that  progressive  spirit  which  has  since  made 
its  name  known  and  respected  abroad.  Here, 
the  Doctor  continned  his  labors  until  the  spring 


of  1889,  during  which  tin)e  he  was  local  sur- 
geon for  the  Southern  Pacific  Kailroad.  The 
development  of  that  vicinity,  however, 'was 
slow  at  first,  too  inueli  so  to  suit  the  ambitious 
spirit  of  Dr.  Tuttle,  and  it  was  then  that, 
attracted  by  the  phenomenal  advancement  of 
Washington,  he  cast  his  fortunes  with  Tacoma, 
wdiere  he  has  ever  since  remained,  meeting 
with  that  marked  success  which  is  always  the 
reward  of  conscientious  and  skillful  work.  In 
1892  he  was  elected  Health  OfHcer  for  Tacoma, 
in  which  capacity  he  inaugurated  a  number  of 
reforms  and  proved  himself  an  efficient  friend 
of  the  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pierce 
County  Medical  Society  and  of  the  State  Medi- 
cal Society,  of  which  latter  association  he  was 
elected  Vice-President  in  1892. 

In  1866  tho  Doctor  was  married  to  Miss 
Kara  A.  Johnson,  a  lady  of  education  and 
ability,  who  is  a  native  of  California,  and  they 
have  live  children,  all  promising  young  men 
and  women. 

In  his  various  relations  to  society,  the  Doctor 
is  ever  the  same  intelligent,  genial  and  upright 
person,  binding  to  him  by  his  amiable  qualities 
those  whom  he  attracts  by  his  ability  as  a  man 
and  physician. 


DANIEL  CIl.^ 
tile  Compar 
county,  has 


AM. — The  Farmers'  Mercan- 
pany,  of  Goldendale,  Klickitat 
ty,  has  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
stocked  general  merchandise  houses  in  central 
AVashington.  This  establishment  is  the  out- 
growth of  the  old  mercantile  house  of  Gumming 
&  Cram,  which  was  established  in  1887  and 
continued  under  that  firm  name  until  1891. 
The  company  then  became  a  joint-stock  con- 
cern, and  was  incorporated  by  the  present  name. 
The  company  iias  done  a  prosperous  and 
increasing  business  from  the  start,  with  nearly 
if  not  all  the  patronage  of  the  old  firm.  Their 
stock  consists  of  a  large  and  well  selected  stock 
of  dry  goods,  groceries,  etc., — in  short  all  that 
is  needed  in  the  community.  The  management 
of  the  business  is  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Cram, 
wdiose  name  heads  this  sketch,  and  who  is  a 
gentleman  of  experience  and  recognized  busi- 
ness ability. 

He  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born 
September  7,  1842,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Elvira 
(Bnrley)  Cram,  the  father  being  a  native  of  the 


niSTORT    OF    WAsniNGTON. 


Old  Granite  State,  and  the  nuither  of  Vermont. 
Daniel,  tlieir  second  child  (there  were  five  chil- 
dren in  the  family)  accompanied  his  parents  to 
Winona. county,  Minnesota,  in  1855,  and  tliere 
he  was  reared  to  manhood  and  completed  his 
education.  He  followed  farm  life  until  1887; 
but  in  1870  he  came  to  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
and  two  years  later  to  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington. 

In  public  matters  he  is  a  standi  Eepublican, 
hut  has  never  sought  office;  was  a  school  direc- 
tor of  district  No.  7;  and  in  fraternal  matters 
he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U. 
AY.,  in  the  former  of  which  he  has  passed  the 
official  chairs.  lie  is  now  financier,  and  has 
been  treasurer. 

He  has  been  married  twice, — first,  in  La 
Crosse,  Wisconsin,  in  1SG3,  and  secondly  in 
Washington,  in  January,  1882,  to  an  estimable 
widow,  Mrs.  Ophelia  Sutliffe,  nee  Woods,  a 
native  of  England.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cram  have 
had  in  tlieir  charge  an  adopted  daughter,  Mamie. 

^-^--^^ 


^  EOKGE  M.  HORTON,  M.  D.,  medical 
I  practitioner  of  Seattle,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Shabbona  Grove,  De  Kalb  county, 
Illinois,  March  17,  1865. 

His  father,  Julius  Horton,  a  nati^-e  of  New 
York,  removed,  when  a  joung  man,  to  Shab- 
bona Grove,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits.  He  was  married,  in  Shabbona,  to 
Miss  Annie  E.  Bigelow,  of  Michigan,  and  con- 
tinued his  merchandising  there  until  18(39, 
when,  on  account  of  failing  health,  he  was  in- 
duced to  come  to  Seattle,  where  his  brother. 
Dexter  Horton,  then  resided.  Upon  his  arrival 
here,  he  purchased  160  acres  of  land,  a  part  of 
the  old  donation  claim  of  L.  M.  Collins,  adjoin- 
ing Seattle,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  brush  and 
timber  established  his  home.  In  1890  Mr. 
Horton  platted  and  subdivided  land  as  the  town 
site  of  Georgetown,  where  he  still  resides,  with 
health  restored  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  every 
comfort.    . 

George  M.  Horton  attended  the  public 
schools  near  Georgetown,  and  afterward  took  a 
two  years'  course  in  the  Territorial  University 
at  Seattle.  He  then  engaged  in  the  study  of 
medicine,  which  he  completed  at  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  New  York  city, 
graduating  in  1890.     Returning  to  Seattle,  he 


entered  into  partnership  with  his  medical  pre- 
ceptor of  three  years.  Dr.  J.  S.  M.  Smart,  also 
a  graduate  of  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  with  him  continued  until  the  death  of 
Dr.  Smart,  in  November,  1891,  when  Dr.  Hor-* 
ton  succeeded  to  the  entire  practice,  which  lie 
has  since  continued.  He  was  elected  Coroner 
of  King  cciiinty  by  the  Republican  party  in  the 
fall  of  ISUO,  aiul  was  nominated  to  that  office 
in  the  conv<Mili(in  of  1892,  and  elected. 

Dr.  Horton  was  married  in  I'ortland  in 
December,  1891,  to  Miss  Ethel  G.  Benson,  a 
native  of  New  Brunswick. 

Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &,  A.  M  , 
K.  of  P.,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Modern  AVoodmen  of  the 
World,  and  is  president  of  the  Seattle  ]\[edical 
and  Library  Association. 


f^i*-- 


*"  ^^^  "s" 


JloHN  AV.  PRATT  is  one  of  the  best  known 
K  Jj  men  in  the  State  of  AYasiiington,  among 
S^  tliose  who  have  never  sought  for  or  held 
office.  He  was  born  in  Inveresk,  Scotland,  his 
father  lieing  the  friend  and  counsellor  of  Kos- 
suth, the  Hungarian  patiidt,  and  of  Garibaldi, 
and  later  the  apparently  eccentric  but  trusted 
friend  of  the  unfortunate  Napoleon  III.  His 
mother,  Margaret  McCosh,  was  a  sister  of  Lady 
Mary  Osborne,  whose  romantic  attachment  for 
the  late  Baron  Elphinstone  led  to  his  retirement 
from  court  for  some  years,  and  formed  one  of 
the  tribulations  of  the  girl-life  of  the  yonng 
princess,  who  afterward    ascended  a  throne. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  after  reading  law 
in  London,  secured  by  inheritance  a  sum  suffi- 
cient to  enable  him  to  indulge  his  taste  for 
travel.  After  wandering  through  the  less  fre- 
quented parts  of  western  Europe,  he  went  to 
Africa,  where  he  spent  some  time  at  the  diamond 
fields  of  Criqualano  AVest  and  the  gold  fields  of 
the  Transvaal.  He  took  up  an  ostrich  farm, 
but  his  birds  were  killed  and' dispersed  by  the 
Kaffirs  during  the  last  uprising.  He  entered 
the  cavalry  service  as  a  volunteer.  While  thus 
engaged,  his  comrades  were  surrounded,  and 
after  four  men  bad  been  killed  in  an  unsuccess- 
ful effort  to  break  through  the  Kaffirs  concealed 
in  the  cactus  bush  or  Bosjeland,  he  offered  to 
make  the  attempt,  and  succeeded  in  reaching 
reinforcements  with  the  news  of  the  beleaguered 
camp,  after  a  daring  ride  of  eighty  miles.  For 
this  service    he   was  afterward   appointed  Brit- 


UlSTOBT    OP     WASHINGTON. 


isb  Commissiouer  and  Kesident  Magistrate. 
He  returned  to  England  to  recruit  his  health, 
and  was  sent  out  on  an  expedition  to  Mozam- 
bique by  a  British  commercial  syndicate.  The 
troubles  witli  Portugal  involved  all  concerned, 
and  he  then  came  to  the  United  States.  Here 
he  has  been  chiefly  engaged  in  the  newspaper 
business,  but  made  no  effort  to  check  his  taste 
for  wandering,  until,  after  having  visited  most 
of  the  States,  he  reached  California,  where  he 
contracted  a  happy  marriage  and  settled  down. 
Visiting  Seattle  immediately  after  the  fire  in 
1889,  he  concluded  to  locate  there,  and  is  now 
well  established  in  the  practice  of  law.  While 
in  California  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor 
a  Trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School. 


5IM0N  P.  DOMER,  one  of  the  rising 
young  lawyers  of  the  West,  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  legal  profession  of  Spo- 
kane since  1890,  and  it  is  fitting  that  some  men- 
tion should  be  made  of  him  in  this  work. 

Mr.  Domer  was  born  in  Noble  county,  Indi- 
ana, February  16,  1861.  His  parents,  George 
and  Lydia  (Hoover)  Domer,  were  natives  of 
Ohio,  and  of  their  family  of  eight  children  ho 
is  the  youngest.  He  attended  the  district 
schools  of  his  native  State,  went  to  normal 
school,  and  later  entered  the  State  University 
at  Elooiningtoi),  Indiana,  where  he  took  a  liter- 
ary course.  He  studied  law  in  the  university 
at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  where  he  graduated 
in  1890,  and  was  soon  afterward  admitted  to 
practice  in  all  the  courts  of  the  State.  Previous 
to  liis  graduation  at  Ann  Arbor,  he  was  associ- 
ated with  the  law  firm  of  Watson  &  Huggins, 
of  Cohimbus,  Ohio,  Mr.  Watson  being  Attorney 
General  of  the  State  of  Ohio  at  that  time.  Be- 
fore this,  Mr.  Domer  was  engaged  in  teaching 
in  Kansas,  serving  as  principal  of  the  Belle- 
ville schools  two  years,  and  of  the  Burr  Oak 
schools  the  same  length  of  time. 

Realizing  that  the  opportunities  for  an  ambi- 
tions young  man  were  far  better  in  the  West 
than  East,  he  came  to  AVashington,  arriving 
here  in  September,  1890,  and  at  once  opened  an 
office  for  the  general  practice  of  law,  and  his 
career  thus  far  has  been  one  of  success.  He  has 
been  alone  in  practice  with  the  exception  of  the 
time  from  April,  1891,  to  July,  1892,  when  he 
was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Domer  «&  Alger. 


He  is  a  thorough  student  and  is  perfectly  de- 
voted to  his  profession.  By  his  strict  attention 
to  business  and  by  bis  frank  and  cordial  inter- 
course with  his  fellow  men,  he  has  made  many 
friends  since  coming  to  Spokane. 

Mr.  Domer  is  in  politics  a  Republican.  Ho 
is  a  Knight  of  Pythias  and  a  menil)er  of  the  col- 
lege fraternity  Sigma  Chi. 


JJlLLIAM  II.  PLUMMER,  a  talented 
vi/  young  lawyer  who  has  recently  identi- 
Si  fied  himself  with  the  interests  of  Spo- 
kane, is  engaged  in  a  general  law  practice  under 
the  firm  name  of  Plummer  ct  Thayer. 

Mr.  Plummer  dates  his  birth  in  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  August  19,  1859,  and  is  the 
youngest  of  the  three  children  of  John  D.  and 
Sarah  A.  Plummer.  Ilis  father  was  a  manu- 
facturer in  Massachusetts.  When  William  H. 
was  eight  years  old,  the  family  moved  to  New 
York,  and  in  the  New  York  State  Normal 
School  he  received  his  early  education.  He  sub- 
sequently entered  Cornell  College,  where,  in 
due  time,  he  completed  the  law  course  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  B.  L.  Then  he  entered  the 
law  oftice  of  Warren  k,  Kellogg,  at  Cortland, 
the  leading  law  firm  of  central  Now  York.  In 
1881  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com- 
menced active  practice  with  that  firm,  the  name 
being  changed  to  Warren,  Kellogg  &  Plummer. 
He  continued  to  do  a  successful  i)usiness  in  the 
East  until  1885,  when  he  decided  upon  a  change 
of  location  and  took  up  his  abode  in  Albu- 
querque, New  Mexico.  While  at  Albuquerque 
Mr.  Plummer  was  attorney  for  the  Santa  Pe 
and  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  Companies. 
His  next  move  was  to  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington, and  in  April,  1892,  he  came  from  there 
to  Spokane.  Here  he  opened  an  office  with  Mr. 
Hamilton,  at  that  time  City  Attorney,  and  sub- 
sequently formed  a  co-partnership  with  W.  T. 
Thayer.  Mr.  Plummer  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Idaho  bar. 

Politically,  lie  afliliates  with  the  Republican 
party.  Since  coming  to  Spokane  he  has  refused 
the  nomination  for  Prosecuting  xVttorney  of  the 
county,  tendered  him  liy  the  People's  party; 
also  the  nomination  for  Supreme  Judge,  on  the 
ground  that  he  did  not  aspire  to  political  oflice. 
He  is  one  of  the  brightest  young  lawyers  of  the 
State,  and  while   he  devotes  his  chief  attention 


insTORT    OF     WASiriNOTON. 


to  tlio  active  duties  of  his  profession,  he  spends 
his  leisure  moments  in  literary  work,  being  a 
fi-equent  contributor  to  various  periodicals.  He 
is  specially  adapted,  both  by  education  and  nat- 
ural ability,  for  his  chosen  profession,  and  is 
eminently  litted  for  the  high  place  he  occupies 
among  the  prominent  lawyers  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington. During  the  few  months  he  has  resided 
in  Spokane,  his  many  estimable  qualities  have 
not  only  made  him  a  prime  favorite  with  the 
members  of  tlie  bar,  but  have  also  gained  for 
him  hosts  of  friends  elsewliei'e. 

Mr.  Plummer  was  married  in  New  Mexico, 
in  1886,  to  Miss  Agnes  Hye,  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  a  member  of  a  prominent  family. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
and  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 


■^^■^ 


DR.  G.  S.  ALL] 
in  practice  in 
born  in   Miss( 


>LISON,  the  oldest  physician 
Spokane,  Washington,  was 

issouri,  in  1848,  son  of  J.  C. 
and  H.  N.  (Jackson)  Allison.  His  father  was 
born  in  Tennessee,  and  his  grandfather,  James 
Allison,  was  a  native  of  South  Carolina. 
Grandfather  Allison  moved  to  eastern  Missouri 
in  1819,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  that 
place,  and  there  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  and 
died.  J.  C.  Allison  was  the  youngest  child  in 
the  family.  He  resided  on  a  farm  near  Louisi- 
ana, Missouri,  all  his  life,  and  died  there  in 
1879.  The  Doctor's  mother  was  descended 
from  the  Jacksons  of  Kentucky.  She  was  left 
an  orphan  at  an  early  age,  and  was  reared  by  her 
grandparents.  She  died  in  1873,  leaving  six 
children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  being  the 
second  born.  Both  parents  were  members  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

Dr.  Allison  received  his  literary  education  at 
Abingdon,  Illinois,  and  soon  after  leaving  school 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  a  private  in- 
structor. He  attended  medical  lectures  at  St. 
Louis,  where  he  graduated  in  1871.  After  prac- 
ticing a  year  in  Missouri,  he  located  in  central 
Illinois,  where  he  was  successfully  engaged  in 
his  profession  until  1882,  when  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane Falls.  During  the  winter  of  1881-82  he 
studied  at  Bellevne  Hospital  College,  graduat- 
ing there  in  the  spring.  At  the  time  he  located 
in  Spokane,  this  city  contained  only  about  800 
people.  Here  he  at  once  established  himself  in 
a  good  practice,  and   has  had    a  successful  pro- 


fessional career.  He  built  the  pleasant  home  in 
which  he  resides,  owns  other  valuable  property 
here,  and  is  thoroughly  identified  with  the  best 
interests  of  the  place.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
County  Medical  Society.  He  and  his  wife  are 
Presbyterians. 

Dr.  Allison  was  married  in  1876  to  Miss  Ella 
E.  Mariner,  a  native  of  Tennessee.  They  have 
four  children:  Ida,  Mabel,   Walter  and  Gladdis. 

—-^M^^W^ — 

D|R.  BENJAMIN  R.  FREEMAN,  a  promi- 
I  nent  physician  of  Spokane,  Washington, 
— -  was  born  in  Hamilton,  Butler  county, 
Ohio,  in  1843,  oldest  of  the  three  children  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  (Randolph)  Freeman. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  New  York.  They 
located  in  Ohio  about  1841. 

William  Freeman,  the  Doctor's  father,  was 
also  a  physician.  He  graduated  at  Geneva  Col- 
lege and  began  practice  at  Lockport,  at  which 
place  he  was  married.  Moving  to  Ohio,  he  es- 
tablished himself  in  practice  at  Hamilton,  where 
his  entire  professional  career  was  one  of  marked 
success.  He  entered  the  army  in  the  spring  of 
1862  as  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Seventh  Ohio 
Cavalry,  and  the  following  year  was  made  Sur- 
geon of  his  regiment.  He  served  until  Febru- 
ary, 1865,  when,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he 
resigned  and  returned  home.  Ho  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Hamilton  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1875.  He  was  a  memlier 
of  both  the  county  and  State  medical  associations. 
His  wife  had  passed  away  in  1852.  They  were 
earnest  and  devoted  Christians  and  members  of 
the  Methodist  Church. 

Benjamin  R.  was  a  school  boy  in  Hamilton 
when  the  war  came  on,  and  without  his  parents' 
knowledge  left  school  and  enlisted  in  Company 
C,  Thirty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  under  Harrf- 
6on.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Perry- 
ville  and  Stone  River,  being  captured  at  the 
latter  place  and  sent  to  Libby  prison,  where  he 
was  held  from  January,  1863,  until  June  of  the 
same  year.  He  was  then  exchanged  and  joined 
his  regiment  at  Murfreesborough;  was  then  in 
the  battles  of  Cliickamanga  and  Missionary 
Ridge,  in  all  the  engagements  of  the  campaign 
to  Atlanta,  and  with  Sherman  on  his  memorable 
march  to  the  sea.  He  was  one  of  a  detail  to 
accompany  General  Sherman  to  his  review  with 
General  Johnson  regardincr  the  surrender.    After 


IIIsTOnr    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


an  honorable  service,  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Indianopolis,  July  20,  18(35.  He  was  wounded 
at  Shiloh. 

Upon  liis  return  from  the  ai-iny,  the  sulijet't 
of  our  sketch  re-entered  school,  and  graduated 
at  the  Hamilton  High  School  in  1867.  He  then 
began  the  study  of  medicine  in  his  father's  office, 
took  his  lectures  in  the  Medical  College  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  and  graduated  in  1873.  Having 
completed  li is  course,  be  established  himself  in 
practice  at  Middletown,  Ohio.  In  1877  he  moved 
to  Jay  county,  Indiana,  where  lie  remained  un- 
til 1889.  Tliat  year,  on  account  of  ill  health, 
he  souujht  a  change  of  climate,  came  West  and 
located  at  Spokane,  Washington.  About  si.x 
months  later,  his  liealth  having  improved  under 
the  infiuence  of  this  genial  climate,  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  his  career  here 
has  been  one  of  marked  success.  In  1890  and 
'91  he  served  as  City  Health  Officer.  For  the 
past  two  years  he  lias  been  a  member  of  the 
Pension  Board.  He  is  a  liepublican  and  takes 
a  somewhat  active  part  in  political  matters,  lie 
is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K.,  and  is  Surgeon  of 
the  General  Reno  Post.  He  has  identified  him- 
self with  both  the  State  and  County  Medical 
Societies. 

Dr.  Freeman  was  married  in  1866,  to  Miss 
]\IargaretA.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  has 
three  children:  Clara,  William  and  nenjamiii. 
Mrs.  Freeman  is  a  member  of  the  First  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  of  Spokane. 


dloIlX  {I.  UASMUSSON,  City  Clerk  of 
Spokane,  Washington,  is  a  native  of  Ivil- 
hourn  City,  Columbia  county,  Wisconsin, 
born  January  21,  1864.  His  pirents  were  both 
born  in  Norway,  and  his  father,  II.  llisnuisson, 
has  been  for  eight  years  County  Clerk  of  Clay 
county,  Minnesota,  to  which  place  he  moved 
from  AVinona,  Minnesota,  in  1879,  locating  at 
Moorhead. 

At  Moorhead  the  subject  of  our  sketch  learned 
the  trade  of  tinsmith  and  worked  at  that  trade 
three  years  after  serving  his  apprenticeshiji. 
His  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools 
with  one  term  at  Lake  View  Academy,  Sauk 
Center.  Leaving  the  academy,  he  entered  the 
County  Clerk's  office,  and  also  served  as  Clerk 
in  tlie  office  of  Regioter  of  Deeds  of  the  same 
county. 


Mr.  Rasmusson  came  to  Spokane  in  the  year 
1889,  and  was  employed  as  bookkeeper  for  O.  D. 
Dalil,  with  whom  he  remained  two  years.  He 
was  appointed  Deputy  City  Clerk,  under  C.  O. 
Downing,  and  May  13,  1892,  was  elected  City 
Clerk  by  tlie  City  Council  for  a  term  of  one 
year.  He  was  a  candidate  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  in  1892  for  City  Treasurer,  but  was  de- 
feated by  the  Republican  candidate.  He  takes 
an  active  interest  in  political  matters  and  is  also 
identified  witli  various  public  enterprises.  He 
is  a  Director  in  the  Scandinavian  Publishing 
Company  and  is  Secretary  of  the  Missoula  & 
Last  Chance  Mining  Company,  the  latter  com- 
pany's property  being  located  in  Idaho. 

Mr.  Rasinusson  is  a  very  popular  man.  By 
his  own  business  ability  and  determination  to 
succeed  be  has  won  his  way  to  the  front  ranks 
among  the  many  remarkably  bright  young  men 
of  this  progressive  community,  and  there  can  be 
no  doubt  as  to  his  future  success. 


Dl  M.  DKUMIIFLLER,  a  welbkin-wn  and 
I  highly  respected  linsiness  man  of  Spo- 
— -  kane.  Washington,  was  born  in  Sumner 
county,  Tennessee,  son  of  M.  S.  and  Eliza  (llol- 
lis)  Drumheller,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia 
and  the  latter  of  Tennessee. 

Having  removed  to  California  when  (]uite 
young,  he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
that  State  and  in  the  college  at  Santa  Rosa.  In 
the  year  1859  he  located  at  Virginia  City,  Ne- 
vada, where  he  identified  himself  with  express 
business  and  was  also  engaged  in  mining.  From 
Nevada  he  came  to  Washington  and  located  at 
Walla  Walla,  where  he  was  interested  in  stock- 
raising  until  about  seven  years  ago.  He  came  to 
Spokane  in  1880,  since  which  time  he  has  aided 
materially  in  the  buiding  up  of  the  city  from  a 
strucrgling  village  of  250  inhabitants  ten  years 
ao'o  to  its  present  population.  He  has  always 
had  unbounded  faith  in  the  future  of  this  city, 
and  has  never  failed  to  substantiate  it.  Mr. 
Drumheller  is  a  man  of  unusual  executive  and 
business  ability  and  has  been  placed  in  various 
positions  of  trust  and  responsibility.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  State  Legislature  in  1866. 
In  May  of  the  present  year  (1892)  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Spokane.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Traders'  National  Bank,  of  which  institu- 
tion he  is  vice-president  and  a    member  of  the 


n  I  STORY    OP    WASIIINOTON. 


board  of  directors;  is  vice-president  of  tlie  Big 
Bend  National  Bank  of  Davenport,  Wasliing- 
ton;  and  is  president  of  the  Missoula  Mining 
Company,  whose  properties  are  at  Murray, 
Idaho. 

Mr.  Drnmlieiler  was  married  in  1868,  to  Miss 
Susie  Warren,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  by  whom 
he  had  three  children:  Jerome,  born  in  1869; 
Albert,  in  1871;  and  Lulu  H.,  in  1883.  The 
mother  of  these  children  died  in  Spokane  in  1888, 
and  he  was  subsequently  married  to  Miss  Nellie 
Powell,  a  native  of  Oregon.  They  have  one 
child,  born  in  1890. 

Mr.  Drumheller  is  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  have  taken  all  the  higher 
degrees  of  that  order.  His  political  views  are 
thoroughly  in  accord  with  Democratic  princi- 
jiles.  He  is,  indeed,  one  df  the  leading  men  of 
Ills  community  and  is  valued  for  his  many  ster- 
ling (pialities. 


Jf    W.  WHEELER,  president  of  the  Com- 
T     mcrcial   National    Bank    of    Seattle,  was 


H 

11    41    fittingly  prepared  for  the  position  he  so 
V  ahly  occupies  by  a   long   experience   in 

banking  and  financial  transactions.      Fullowing 
is  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life: 

H.  W.  Wheeler  was  born  in  Manitowoc,  Wis- 
consin,  in    October,  1850,  son    of    Aliiert    and 


Mary  J.  (Grisain)  Wheeler,  natives  of  Veriiiotit 
and  of  English  and  Scotch  descent.  John 
Wheeler,  the  progenitor  of  the  family  in  Amer- 
ica, came  to  New  England  from  the  "  Mother 
)untry''  with  the  Puritans,  and  his  descend- 


(' 

ants  have  been  connected  with  agriculture,  com- 
merce, and  mercantile  affiiirs.  Albert  Wiieeler 
was  reared  as  a  merchant,  but  departed  from 
this  line  of  pursuit  in  1847,  when  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  lumber.  In  1867  he  moved 
to  Alden,  Iowa,  and  returned  to  mercantile  life 
and  stock  farming. 

H.  W.  Wheeler  was  reared  under  Puritanic 
precepts  in  habits  of  thrift,  economy,  honesty 
and  integrity.  He  was  educated  in  the  academy 
at  Prairie  du  Sac,  Wisconsin,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  entered  upon  his  financial  career 
as  a  clerk  in  the  First  National  Bank  at  Iowa 
Falls,  remaining  in  that  institution  almnt  eigh- 
teen months.  Deciding  to  come  to  the  Pacific 
Coast,  he  arrived  in  November,  1869,  at  Santa 
Barbara,  California.     Then  he  spent  three  years 


in  travel  along  the  coast,  accepting  such  oppor- 
tunities for  clerking  or  teaching  school  as  the 
country  afforded,  as,  having  only  twenty-five 
cents  in  his  pocket  upon  his  arrival,  personal 
effort  was  immediately  necessary  in  providing 
the  necessaries  of  life.  Having  arrived  in  Ore- 
gon in  1871,  he  was  induced  to  teach  a  school 
in  Whitman  county.  Eastern  Washington,  this 
being  the  first  school  taught  in  that  county.  At 
that  time  not  a  foot  of  land  had  been  surveyed 
North  of  Snake  rivei-,  it  l)eing  considei'ed  unlit 
for  any  ]iiir[)(.~r  r\cc|it  that  of  grazing. 

In  is7:'.  .Mr.  Whct-ler  settled  at  Eugene,  Ore- 
gon, and  as  a  clerk  connected  himself  with  the 
sash  and  door  factory,  operated  by  Abrams 
Bros.,  continuing  with  them  about  two  years, 
after  which  he  purchased  a  farm  in  the  Willa- 
mette valley  and  engaged  in  the  stock  business, 
kee])ing  fine  graded  sheep,  and  horses.  After 
being  thus  engaged  about  two  years,  he  sold  out 
and  moved  to  Pendleton,  Oregon,  where  he 
turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In 
the  in\\  of  1879  he  established  the  house  of 
Wheeler  Bros.,  of  which  he  was  the  head, 
wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  hardware  and 
and  agricultural  implements,  and  built  up  an 
extensive  business,  which  increased  to  the  ex- 
tent of  demanding  in  1884  a  wholesale  house  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  which  with  numerous  ageu- 
c'es  was  continued  up  to  1888.  Mr.  Wheeler 
practically  withdrew  from  the  management  of 
this  establishment  in  1886,  to  organize  the 
<)reg')n     &     W^i-liino  ton     Tciritory      R-tilroad, 


wh 


iss- 


opei 


ited 


w  liLMi,h;i\  iiig  coiistructed 
and  eqnippiMl  tirtv-li\e  miles  of  road,  he  severed 
his  connection  with  the  enterprise. 

He  then  came  to  Seattle  to  rest  and  recuper- 
ate, at  tiie  same  time  looking  for  profitable  in- 
vestment. Associating  himself  with  a  few  gen- 
tlemen from  Noi-th  Seattle,  he  organized  the 
State  bank  known  as  the  I'.ank  of  North  Seattle, 
which  opened  its  doors  for  business  Mav  1, 
1889,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,000,  Mr. 
Wheeler  becomitig  president  of  the  bank.  On 
the  fii-st  day  of  the  following    October  they  re- 


rpoi' 


ited  as  the  Commercial   National  Bank 


and  increased  their  capital  stock  to  -flOO,000. 
In  December,  1890,  they  removed  to  the  Burke 
Building,  to  be  siearer  the  business  center,  and 
upon  the  completion  of  the  New  York  Block 
they  removed  to  their  present  quarters  in  it,  in 
February,  1892,  where  they  transact  a  general 
banking  business,  offering  every  possible  acconi- 


UTSTOBY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


modatioti  to  their  financial  patrons.  Mr.AViieeler 
is  also  president  of  the  Blaine  National  Bank  of 
Blaine,  Washington,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
-^50,000,  being  the  first  and  only  bank  of  that 
city.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Marine  Savings 
Bank  of  Port  Townsend,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000. 

Mr.  Wheeler  was  married  in  Pendleton,  Ore- 
gon. October  13,  1880,  to  Miss  Arininta  Cole, 
of  Marshalltown,  Iowa.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren, Ernest  and  Miriam. 

Mr.  Wheeler  takes  up  his  financial  work  with 
the  flush  of  enthusiasm,  occasioned  by  his  pre- 
vious success  in  every  enterprise  nndertaken, 
more  particularly,  however,  from  his  fancy  to  a 
financial  career,  to  w-hich  he  has  given  great 
thought  and  research.  Re  is  the  author  of  an 
article  upon  "Our  Future  Banking  System," 
which  was  originally  published  in  the  columns 
of  The  A.merican  Banker  and  has  since  been 
issued  in  phamplot  form,  receiving  wide  circu- 
lation and  favorable  crititcism.  tie  is  also  the 
author  of  a  treatise  on  the  subject  of  silver  as 
money,  known  as  •'  Bi-metalism  an  Impossibil- 
ity," and  a  most  complete  paper  on  the  finan- 
cial troubles  of  1893,  known  as  "  Our  Present 
Financial  Depression:  its  Causes  and  Remedies," 
aa  well  as  many  other  important  papers,  treat- 
ing on  the  subject  of  finance,  all  of  which  have 
met  with  hearty  approval  by  students  of  politi- 
cal economy,  from  whom  he  has  receiv^ed  many 
flattering  compliments. 


JOHN  MANWELL,  a  Clarke  county  farmer, 
was  born  in  Kosciusko  county,  Indiana, 
March  16. 1852,  his  parents  being  William 
and  Elizabeth  (Shumaker)  Man  well,  both  natives 
of  Ohio.  TheManwells  are  of  French  ancestry, 
the  first  emigration  to  America  antedating  the 
Revolutionary  war,  in  which  struggles  the  great- 
grandfather of  our  subject  participated. 

Mr.  Manwell,  whose  name  heads  this  brief 
sketch,  is  the  fifth  of  the  eleven  children  of  his 
parents.  The  family  removed  to  Buchanan 
county,  Iowa,  and  thirteen  years  afterward  to 
Cherokee  county,  Kansas,  and  after  three  years 
there  back  to  Iowa,  where  they  remained  until 
1871,  when  they  came  to  Washington.  They 
now  live  some  thirty-six  miles  northeast  of  the 
city  of  Vancouver.  The  farm  consists  of  160 
acres,  tvveity-five  under  cultivation,  and  includes 


a  nice  little  orchard.  Mr.  Manwell  devotes  his 
farm  mainly  to  the  rearing  of  live  stock,  and  to 
some  extent  to  dairying.  The  residence  is 
beautifully  located  in  a  valley  and  directly  at 
the  base  and  under  the  shadow  of  Tum-tum 
mountain. 

In  his  political  views  Mr.  Manwell  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  is  now  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  School  Directors  of  District  No.  71. 

He  was  married  May  2, 1889,  to  an  estimable 
widow,  Mrs.  Phrebe  Tenant,  »ee  Fuller,  a  native 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  they  have  one 
son,  John  Harrison,  born  May  5,  1891.  By  her 
former  marriage  Mrs.  Manwell  has  three  chil- 
dren:    Myrtle,  Nolan  and  Pearl  Tenant. 

SK.\R  IIUBER,  civil  engineer,  is  one  of 
the  most  popular  and  rising  young  men 
of  Spokane.  He  has  made  a  legion  of 
friends  l)y  his  jovial  and  amiable  characteristics, 
while  his  strict  attention  to  business,  and  his 
superior  ability  have  won  for  him  a  mo.^t  envi- 
able reputation. 

Mr.  Huber  was  born  in  the  canton  of  Saint 
Gall,  Switzerland,  in  1859,  fifth  in  the  family  of 
J.  .J.  and  Barbara  Huber,  natives  of  that 
country.  His  father  was  one  of  the  Supreme 
Judges  of  the  canton  of  Saint  Gall  for  thirty- 
one  years,  also  served  as  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  at  this  writing 
is  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Wallenstadt.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  five  years  old. 

Mr.  Huber  was  educated  in  his  profession  at 
at  the  Polytechnical  School  of  Zurich,  Switzer- 
land, and  subsequently  attended  lectures  in  the 
Polytechnical  School  at  Paris,  France.  These 
world -renowned  institutions  of  civil  and  hy- 
draulic engineering  have  produced  some  of  the 
greatest  engineers  known  to  the  present  time. 
After  a  thorough  course  at  these  universities 
Mr.  Huber  came  to  America  in  1880  to  assist 
in  the  improvement  of  the  Mississippi  river 
near  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  engaged  under  the 
United  States  engineers.  He  then  received  the 
distinction,  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the 
United  States  Army,  to  serve  as  Topographical 
Engineer  in  the  Military  Department  of  Ari- 
zona, and  in  that  capacity  accompanied  Generals 
Crook  and  Miles  against  Geronimo  and  Natchez 
into  Mexico.  He  took  part  in  the  battles  and 
encountei's   with    the   red    men,  but   when  the 


military  iieadqiiaiu  i 
transferred    tfi    I.o- 
position  and  thi'i' 
civil   engiiii-(- 
the  Northwi 
his  profesgi' 

that  city,  n  ■   uj  c?pokatie.     iSoon 

afterward  ii  i'ity  Eiif/incer  and  at 

the  expirati  ••f- "lected.  TTnder 

his  directic;'  inprovements 

in  thi?  c'tv  'i^ly,  the   Mon- 

nu-  ■:  :,,t  Division  street  bridge, 

a  I'  'f  the  sewer  and  water  sys- 

'..■  ■mtemplation.     He  was  en- 

gineer of  ciic  ^Sviithwestern  Industrial  Exposi- 
tion, and  was  also  the  consulting  engineer  in 
the  construction  of  the  water-works  at  Tacoma 
and  various  other  hydraulic  undertakings.  Mr. 
lluher  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and 
most  highly  educated  civil  engineers  in  this 
section  of  the  country.  lie  is  now  doing  a 
private  eni^itu-cring  business,  under  the  iirni 
iiaiiic  <  '      '  c'.  lluber.    -He  is  a  member 

■  i  ! '  ■  ummerce. 

V  ,       M.iK-.i./     ■.        :^■'•:.      to      Miss 


/f^  EN  ERA  J,   JAMES    L'.    MET<;aLK: 

I  1^  though  not  a  pioneer  of  the  SlaU: 
V^'  Washington,  has  won  a  phxcc  in  its  I.  ■ 
Ai  tory  in  the  past  decade  wliich  enibra'-'. 
the  representative  men  of  the  preseirt  day,  as  to 
him  has  been  universally  conceded  a  distin- 
guished position  at  the  Seattle  bar. 

A  phase  of  roniance  surrounds  the  aiicestry  of 
onr  subject,  which  we  briefly  portray.  Tradition 
states  that  the  tiame  Metcalfe  originated  with  a 
sturdy  Saxon  named  Oswald,  who  was  famed  j 
for  his  bravery  iu  the  tield  and  chase.  While 
engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  an  unseen  animal  be-  I 
lieved  fnim  his  bellowings  and  threshing  about 
in  the  forests  to  be  a  monster,  the  companjons 
of  t>swald  turned  buck  while  he  forced  the  ani- 
mal to  iicoiik  «'nvi>r.  mid  the  "  monster  "  was 
chnr.  .  'If;  and  thereafter -the' 

^l■:l^:  .viild  Metcalfe. 

Hi.  ...   •    '  :.ii..]   to  New  Englan  i 

among  tlie  ]'iii!(;.-i  .-<  ■t;,'is,and  from  that  sonn 
<  Ven  Metcalfe  the  father  of  our  subject  sprir^. 
19 


''■  '■  /:    about    1838  and 

;-:ika  R.  Lyons  of 
e.  She  came  of 
her  grandfather 
out  1798.  From 
n  Adams  county, 
Misbissij  16.      His    father 

owned  n  .:.  as  quite  promin- 

ent in  the  puiiin.-..>  <■■  ■..«■  .  ,  ,  .  (,  serving  fifteen 
years  ae'Sherifif.  Janie.<  ii.  -as  primarily  in- 
structed by  a  private  tutor  n-.i  then  attended 
the  public  schools  up  to  the  )  rjakingout  of  the 
war.  Inheriting  the  courage  of  his  ancestry, 
though  but  a  lad  of  fifteen  years  he  enlisted  in 
the  Confederate  service,  joining  the  Tenth  Miss- 
issippi Cavalry.  Ilis  first  service  was  in  de- 
fense of  Mobile,  Alabama,  acting  as  a  commiss- 
ioned officer  of  his  company,  and  he  remained 
in  active  service  until  the  clo^i-  of  the  war.  He 
was  paroled  at  Jackson,  Missls.sippi,  by  General 
E.  R.  S.  Can  by,  in  18i>5. 

He  then  retuined  to  his  old  home  in  Mississ- 
ippi, and  bravely  took  up  the  task  of  retrieving 
the  sliattered  fortunes  of  his  family  and  creating 
a  new  future  for  himself.  For  eight  years  he 
worked  most  industriously,  a  part  of  the  time 
in  mrreaiitiie  pursuits  and   later  iu    a  banking 


■<  .    .    ■   \  .  .■■ 

■      '"'er  place  he  coin- 

leisure  moments, 
orth,  who   after- 

istinguislied  ju- 
ies  for  advance- 
•iod    seemed   too 

d   with    General 
)n,  and    in    1S73 

ahoul  ODii    vi/n'  iiH  was  r 
Bank.      Jif.  tii.ni  enterr. 

'ornia,  where  for 
d   ill  the   Pacific 
w  office  of  Bart- 

lett  iV    I'rait,   ai:(l   -if 
faithful  ^tudy  lie 
the  -S.,...,-.,^/c.. 

of    one  year    of 

to    practice   by 

a.     At  this  time 

th    . 
o"  . 

le  copartnership 
ced. 

elf  and    was   at- 

taluiiig  ;> 
ary,     IS-: 
Seattli-.  ■ 

,  when  in  Janu- 

ealled    him    to 

:  ressed    with   the 

fnt-: 

;rmined    to  link 

h'> 

d  toi)k  up  a  per- 
ving.     Here  hi.- 

led   him    and   hi.s 

i"us.     After  pract- 

I'lir  years,  he  formed  a 

IS  Rochester,  under  tiie 

HISTORY    OF    WASEINOTON. 


firm  nsune  of  Metcalfe  A:  Rucliester.  For  some 
two  years  thej  were  associated  together,  being 
employed  in  many  of  the  most  itnportant  cases 
tried  in  tiie  Territory.  It  was  during  this  period 
that  general  Metcalfe  won,  perhaps  his  greatest 
victory  as  a  jury  laMyer.  It  was  in  the  homicide 
case  of  Washington  Territory  vs.  Miller,  which 
is  formed  extensively  rejiorted  in  Volume  III 
of  the  Washington  Teri-itory  Reports.  This 
case  attracted  wide  attention  and  for  two  and  a 
half  years  was  before  the  courts,  every  inch  of 
the  ground  being  contested,  and  the  final  ac- 
(juittal  of  their  client  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  victories  in  the  history  of  crim- 
inal cases  in  the  Northwest. 

In  1887  Generol  Metcalfe  was  appointed  l>y 
Governor  Semple  the  first  Attorney  General  of 
Washington  Territory,  in  which  office  he  served 
with  honor  and  credit  until  the  admission  of  the 
Territory  as  a  State.  During  the  great  fire  of 
June  6,  1889  he  suffered  the  entire  loss  of  his 
law  library,  which  was  one  of  the  most  valuable 
private  collections  in  tlie  city.  Almost  before 
the  fire  had  ceased  its  destructive  work  he  se- 
cured the  lease  of  a  lot  on  Third  street  where  he 
has  since  erected  a  three  story  business  block, 
known  as  Temple  Court.  In  this  building  was 
established  a  copartnership  with  C.  AY.  Turner 
and  Andrew  F.  Ijurleigh  under  the  firm  name 
of  Metcalfe,  Turner  &  Burleigh.  Mr.  Burleigh 
subsequently  withdrawing  the  firm  of  Metcalfe 
tt  Turner  continued  to  May,  1891,  then  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent  and  in  June,  1892,  the  co- 
partnership of  Metcalfe,  Little  &  Jury  was  or- 
ganized and  is  continued  as  one  of  the  leading 
law  firms  of  the  city  giving  particular  attention 
to  corporation  and  commercial  law.  Not  alone 
to  his  profession  has  General  Metcalfe  devoted 
his  energies,  but  to  every  enterprise  which  con- 
duced to  the  upbuilding  of  Seattle.  During 
the  period  of  the  anti-Chinese  agitation  via 
Seattle,  he  was  Lieutenant  of  Company  D,  Nat- 
ional Guard  and  was  in  active  service  through- 
out this  memorable  crisis  of  the  city's  history. 
He  was  one  of  the  originaters  and  active  pro- 
moters of  the  parent  caljle  line  of  Seattle  known 
as  the  Yesler  Avenue  Line,  running  from  near 
the  bay  to  Lake  Washington.  In  the  Demo- 
cratic politics  of  Washington  he  has  been  one 
of  the  most  able  e.xpounders  of  Democratic 
principles  and  received  high  eulogies  from  the 
local  press. 

He  possesses  the  qualifications  essential  to  an 
effective  pul)lic  speaker.     He  js  a  man  of  fine 


presence,  has  a  strong  and  flexible  voice,  fertile 
imagination,  fluent  command  of  language,  which 
accompanied  with  an  earnest  impassioned  de- 
livery never  fails  to  arrest  and  hold  the  atten- 
tion of  his  hearers.  He  was  married  in  1877,  to 
Miss  Louise  Ijoarman  of  Sau  Francisco,  and  is 
the  father  of  two  sons,  Thomas  Oren  and  James 
Vernon.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  and  Uniformed  Rank,  K.  of  P.,  being 
Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment,  U.  R.,  K.  of  P., 
Washington.  General  Metcalfe  is  a  charter 
member  of  Seattle  Division  No.  1,  Uniformed 
Rank,  Knights  of  Pythias,  which  has  won  re- 
nown over  numerous  prizes  as  a  crack  regiment. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  Jurisdic- 
tion of  the  State  of  Washington,  K.  of  P.,  and 
is  Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Uniformed 
Rank,  K.  of  P. 

General  Metcalfe  is  possessed  of  great  per- 
sonal bravery,  which  was  strikingly  demon- 
strated on  one  unusually  cold  night  in  Febru- 
ary, 1887,  when  he  rescued  a  friend  and 
companion  from  death  by  drowning.  The 
friend,  Hon.  D.  M.  Drumheller,  of  Spokane 
Falls,  and  the  General  were  attending  the 
Territorial  Legislature  at  Olyinpia,  on  the 
above  occasion,  and  in  boarding  a  steamer  on  the 
docks,  the  deck  of  which  was  covered  with  ice, 
the  friend  slipped  and  fell  overboard.  Without 
an  instant  delay  or  preparation  General  Met- 
calfe plunged  into  the  ice-cold  water  of  the 
Sound  and  at  tlie  risk  of  his  own  life  saved  that 
of  his  companion. 


J  JOHN  B.  BLALOCK,  one  of  the  leading- 
citizens  of  Spokane,  was  born  in  Sevier 
~-^  county,  Tennessee,  in  1856,  a  son  of  James 
and  Massie  (Kear)  Blalock,  natives  also  of  Teu- 
nessee.  The  father,  a  farmer  by  occupation, 
still  resides  in  that  State,  and  the  mother  died 
twenty  years  ago.  The  grandparents  on  both 
sides  were  early  settlers  of  Tennessee. 

John  B.,  the  fifth  child  and  eldest  son  in  a 
family  of  seven  children,  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  educated  in  the  country  schools.  In  1878 
he  removed  to  Oregon;  later  settled  in  Walla 
Walla,  Washington,  and  afterward  in  Spokane 
Falls,  which  was  then  a  small  village  of  forty 
people  and  a  few  cabins.  He  had  learned  the 
trade  of  shoemaker,  and  im_mediately,  with 
small  means,  opened  a   shop   with   a    bankrupt 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Stock  of  goods  brought  from  Colfax.  He  rap- 
idly extended  his  business,  and  in  1888  liad  a 
trade  amounting  to  $40,000.  In  that  year  he 
sold  his  stock  to  M.  D.  Doland,  from  Walla 
Walla.  In  1880  he  purchased  the  present  site 
of  the  First  National  Bank,  on  the  corner  of 
Riverside  and  Harvard  avenues,  for  $330,  and 
in  1886  erected  a  three-story  building,  which 
he  rented  to  the  bank  for  $300  per  month. 
Soon  after  the  fire  lie  sold  this  property  for 
$40,000,  and  subsequently  bought  a  lot,  101  x  155 
feet,  corner  of  Sprague  and  Stevens  streets,  for 
$68,000,  and  immediately  began  the  erection  of 
the  Blalock  block,  101  x  82  feet,  six  stories  and 
a  cellar.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  blocks  in  the 
city,  contains  all  the  modern  improvements, 
steam  heat,  electric  light,  elevator,  etc.,  is  hand- 
somely fnrnished,  and  is  valued  at  over  $200,- 
000.  Mr.  Blalock  al»o  owns  other  choice  city 
property. 

He  was  married  in  1SS5,  to  Miss  Mattie 
Hyde,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  a'.d  a  sister  of  S. 
C.  Hyde.  To  this  union  has  been  born  one  son, 
Shirl,  aged  seven  years.  Mr.  Blalock  is  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason,  and  was  made  the  second 
member  of  that  order  of  Sjwkatie  Lodge,  No. 
34,  in  1880. 

dJAMESMONAGIIAN,  one  of  the  earliest 
and  most  prominent  settlers  of  Spokane, 
—  was  born  in  county  Cavan,  Ireland,  in  1840, 
the  youngest  of  four  children  born  to  John  and 
Mary  Ann  (Riley)  Monaghan,  the  mother  hav- 
ing been  born  in  the  same  county  and  the  father 
in  county  Monaghan.  The  fatiier  was  a  stone- 
mason by  trade,  and  both  died  in  our  subject's 
infancy.  The  latter  was  reared  by  his  maternal 
grandparents,  and  educated  in  the  national 
schools.'  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  joined, 
in  New  York,  his  brotlier  Robert,  who  had 
come  to  this  country  when  a  young  man,  and 
grndnated  in  medicine.  James  was  employed 
as  liis  clerk  until  1858,  and  in  that  year  came  to 
the  racilic  ciiast,  by  way  of  the  Isthmus,  reach- 
ing Vancouver  in  May,  of  that  year.  He  was 
first  engaged  in  ferrying  on  the  Des  Chutes 
river,  in  Oregon,  one  year;  worked  on  the 
steamer.  Colonel  Wright,  the  first  steamer  on 
the  upper  Columbia  river,  until  in  September, 
1860;  took  charge  of  a  ferry  on  the  Spokane 
j'iver,  twenty  miles   below   Spokane;   later  pur- 


chased the  ferry,  and  in  1865  built  at  that  place 
a  bridge,  which  is  still  in  use.  In  1869  Mr. 
Monaglian  went  to  Walla  Walla  for  a  short 
time,  and  the  following  year  purchased  an  in- 
terest in  a  store  at  Chewelah,  Washington,  also 
buying  from  the  Indians  a  farm  on  which  a  part 
of  the  town  site  is  now  located.  He  still  owns 
this  property,  which  has  l)ecome  very  valuable. 
In  1873  he  removed  to  Colville,  where  lie  was 
engaged  in  merchandising  until  1879,  then 
went  with  the  United  States  troops  to  the 
mouth  of  Foster  creek,  and  the  following  spring 
to  Chelan.  During  the  year  of  1S80  he  took 
supplies  by  boat  from  Colville  to  the  mouth  of 
Foster  creek.  Mr.  Monaghan  next  came  to  Fort 
Spokane,  where  he  engaged  in  contracting  for 
Government  supplies,  and  also  served  as  Post- 
master and  post-trader  of  that  post  from  1882 
to  1885.  In  company  with  C.  B.  King  he 
erected  the  first  private  l)oat  on  Lake  C(jeur 
d'Alene,  running  from  ('(eur  d'Alene  to  Old 
Mission  during  the  gdld  excitement.  In  1884 
these  getitlemen  laid  out  the  town  site  of  Coeur 
d'Alene,  Idaho,  of  which  our  subject  still  owns 
a  large  part;  in  the  following  year  the  latter 
moved  to  that  place  to  manage  his  various  en- 
terprises; and  in  1887  came  to  Spokane.  In 
1889  he  erected  his  present  residence,  and  also 
owns  other  city  property.  He  organized  and  is 
now  president  of  the  Spokane  Call  iV-  Tiaiisler 
Company,  president  of  the  Spokane  Savings 
Bank,  director  of  the  First  National  Bank,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  City  Commissioners,  but 
resigned  that  position  in  1892.  Politically,  he 
affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party. 

Mr.  Monaghan  was  married  in  1870,  to  Mar- 
garet McCool,  a  native  of  Ireland  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Roliert  McCool,  who  removed  to  Walla 
Walla,  Washington,  in  1859.  To  this  union 
has  been  iHirn  \\\v  children:  John  Robert,  born 
in  Cliewelab,  Wa^liiiigtim,  and  now  a  naval 
cadet  at  Annapolis,  Mai'yland;  Margaret,  Ellen, 
James,  and  Agnes.  The  family  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church. 


n\  LFRED  (4.  WILSON,  manager  of  the 
l[_l\     Western  Revenues,  Loan  and  Investment 

l/~l\  Company,  of  Spokane,  was  born  in  west- 
^/  ern  I'ennsylvanin,  in  1850,  the  second  of 

four  children  born  to  William  F,  and    Sarah  J. 

(Hitchcock)     Wilson,    natives   of    Ohio,      The 


HISTORY    OF    WASHfNOTON. 


father  was  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  for  fifty  years,  preaching  in  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania,  wliere  he  was  well-known  and 
prominent  in  church  affairs.  He  was  the 
founder  of  Methodism  in  that  Territory,  served 
as  Presiding  Elder,  and  his  death  occurred  in 
1890.  The  mother  still  resides  in  northern 
Ohio.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject 
was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  hut  removed  to 
Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  in  an  early  day.  He 
had  five  sons,  all  of  whom  became  ministers  of 
the  Methodist  Church.  The  maternal  grand- 
father, James  Hitchcock,  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts, came  West  in  an  early  day,  and  was  a 
minister  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

Alfred  G.  "Wilson,  our  subject,  was  educated 
at  Mt.  Union,  Ohio,  and  also' in  the  Drew  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  at  Madison.  In  1876  he  be- 
gan preaching  in  the  Methodist  Churcli,  at 
Brocton,  New  Tork,  where  he  remained  one 
year:  at  Fairview,  Pennsylvania,  one  year; 
Glencoe,  Minnesota,  three  years;  Red  Wing, 
that  State,  two  years;  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on 
Euclid  avenue,  two  years;  then  at  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota;  again  at  Glencoe  two  years;  and 
then  came  to  Sj)okaue,  Washington,  where  he 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chnrch  two  years.  Having  for  some  time  en- 
tertained views  not  in  strict  harmony  with  what 
is  taught  in  the  Methodist  Chnrch,  Mr.  Wilson 
accepted  a  call  to  the  First  Unitarian  Church  of 
Spokane,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then, 
wishing  a  respite  from  his  long  ministerial  work, 
he  accepted  his  present  position.  AVith  the 
valuable  aid  of  our  subject  the  religious  work 
of  this  city  has  greatly  prospered.  Xot  only 
has  he  been  a  strong  worker  for  the  interest  of 
his  own  church,  but  everything  which  could 
improve  the  moral  and  religious  condition  of  the 
classes  received  his  hearty  co-operation.  Mr. 
Wilson  has  also  completed  literary  work,  and 
for  two  years  was  editor  of  the  Advance  and 
Republican,  of  Red  Wing.  In  addition  to  his 
other  interests  he  owns  a  home  at  Ross  Park 
and  other  city  proy)erty.  He  is  Secretary  of  the 
South  Bonanza  Mining  Company,  and  also  OM'ns 
mines  in  Wasliington. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  married  in  1876,  to  Miss 
Carrie  E.  Ensign,  who  was  a  native  of  Forest- 
ville,  New  York,  and  who  died  in  1879.  She 
left  one  child.  Mead,  who  died  at  the  age  of  six 
years.  In  1881  our  subject  was  united"in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Salome  Gardner,  a  native  of 
Cleveland,   Ohio-      They    have  three   children: 


Royal  G.,  Florence  and  Edna.  Politically,  Mr. 
Wilson  affiliates  with  the  Repulilicaii  party,  and 
socially  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and 
Knights  of  Pythias.  His  investments  in  Spo- 
kane have  been  very  profitable,  and  he  has  great 
faith  in  the  future  growth  and  prosperity  of 
this  city. 

^,     ■ ;,  .^..t..cs:.  ;         _;     ,„. 


d JUSTICE  C.  F.  BACKUS  has  been  a  well- 
known  and  respected  citizen  of  Spokane 
---  for  many  years.  All  of  his  interests,  both 
in  a  personal  and  professional  sense,  are  identi- 
fied with  this  city,  and  it  is  therefore  appro- 
priate that  more  tlian  a  passing  mention  should 
be  made  of  him  in  this  work. 

Mr.  Backus  was  born  in. South  Bend,  Indiana, 
May  3,  1845,  third  in  the  family  of  G.  W.  and 
Mary  E.  (Hardman)  Backus,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  Indiana  respectively.  His  father  was  born 
in  1817  and  is  still  living,  being  now  a  resident 
of  Wasco  county,  Oregon.  His  mother  died  in 
1868.  Mr.  Backus  may  well  be  called  a  pio- 
neer of  this  great  Northwest,  for,  although  a 
native  of  Indiana,  he  has  always  lived  in  the 
far  western  section  of  the  country,  having  been 
brought  overland  by  his  parents  to  Oregon  in 
1850.  They  made  the  long  jourrjey  with  o.\ 
teams,  being  seven  months  en  route,  and  settled 
in  Linn  county,  Oregon.  In  1850  the  father 
secured  claim  to  640  acres  of  land,  in  Linn 
county,  which  he  at  once  began  to  improve  and 
as  the  yeai's  rolleil  by  developed  into  a  fine 
farm. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  the 
beautiful  Willamette  valley,  which,  though  so 
so  naturally  peaceable  and  quiet,  was  in  those 
early  days  the  scene  of  many  stirring  events  be- 
tween the  white  settlers  and  Indians.  Inured 
to  hardship  and  toil,  Mr.  Backus  grew  to  man- 
hood, sturdy,  vigorous  and  determined.  The 
border  schools  only  sharpened  his  desire  for  a 
thorough  education,  and  as  soon  as  he  could 
prepare  himself  he  entered  Willamette  Univers- 
ity, where  he  graduated  in  1866.  In  his  early 
life  he  was  engaged  in  various  occupations,  be- 
ing in  a  mercantile  establishment  a  portion  of 
the  time.  He  read  law  in  theofficeof  Watkins 
&  Bird  at  The  Dalles,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Washington  in 
1877,  since  which  time  he  has  constantly  prac- 
ticed   both    in    Oregon    and    Washington.      He 


tlhSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


came  to  this  city  in  1887,  and  was  soon  after- 
ward appointed  to  the  responsible  and  promin- 
ent position  of  Police  Judge  linring  the  tempo- 
rary incapacity  of  the  presiding  judge.  This 
office  he  filled  with  satisfaction  to  all.  He  has 
since  been  elected  a  city  Justice,  which  position 
lie  now  occupies,  and  for  the  duties  of  which 
his  many  years  of  practical  expei-ience  eminently 
fit  him. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  Mr.  Backus  is 
truly  a  pioneer  of  the  Nortiiwest.  He  was  a 
resident  of  three  Territories,  Oi-egon,  Washing- 
ton and  Idaho,  wlien  they  assumed  the  dignity 
of  Statehood,  and  while  he  has  been  a  M'itness  to 
the  changes  which  have  brought  about  the  de- 
velopment of  this  section  of  the  country,  he  has 
done  his  part  toward  advancing  its  welfare.  In 
18()2-'()8  he  was  a  director  and  secretary  of  the 
company  which  constructed  the  Willamette 
Valley  and  Cascade  wagon  road.  The  Judge 
has  traveled  extensively  over  this  part  of  the 
country,  has  ascended  Mount  Hood,  has  been 
in  many  Indian  raids,  has  speculated  in  cattle, 
and  after  a  somewhat  eventful  life  is  pleased  to 
settle  down  in  what  he  is  convinced  will  become 
the  future  great  city  of  the  Northwest,  Spokane. 

He  was  married  in  1868,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Leedy,  a  native  of  Indiana.  She  died  in  Au- 
gust, 1891,  leaving  two  children,  Lottie  M.  and 
Velma. 

Mr.  Backus  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  (J.   W. 


n^  LIJERT  ALLEN,  a  well-known  lawyer  of 

IL\\    Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  in  Indi- 

ir^lj  ana,  in  1846,  son  of  John  Wesley  Allen, 

V  i*    native   of    Illinois,  and    Lovisa    Jane 

(Guy)  Allen,  he  being  the  second  in  their  family 

of  eight  children. 

After  completing  his  studies  in  the  ])ublic 
schools,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  began  the 
study  of  law,  and  for  a  time  was  in  the  office  of 
ex-United  States  Senator  Spooner,  of  Wi.^consin. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  the  law  department  of  the 
Slate  University  of  Wisconsin,  at  Madison,  and 
after  receiving  his  degree  of  LL.  B.  he  at  once 
established  himself  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  New  Richmond,  Wisconsiti,  where  he 
was  in  partnership  with  F.  P.  Chapman.  He 
subsequently  moved  to  Deadwood,  Dakota,  and 
for  eight  years  successfully  conducted  a  law 
practice  at  that  place,    being  engaged  chietly  in 


mining  litigations.  Then  he  went  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  and  in  1887  came  to  Spokane. 
Here  he  has  since  resided.  While  he  has  con- 
ducted a  general  practice  and  his  career  has 
been  a  signally  successful  one,  he  has  given  spe- 
cial attention  to  mining  suits,  in  which  line  of 
work  he  excels. 

Mr.  Allen  was  married  inl873,  to  TMissLillie 
D.  Munson.  who  was  born  in  Vermont  and 
reared  in  Wisconsin.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren, Frank  D.,  Emma  Gertrude  and  Fannie 
May,  aged,  respectively,  nineteen,  seventeen  and 
ten  years,  and  all  arc  now  students  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Spokane. 

Politically,  Mr.  Allen  is  a  Pepublican  and  is 
firm  in  his  allegiance  to  that  party.  Person- 
ally, he  is  as  jiopular  as  he  iias  been  successful, 
there  being  few  men,  if  any,  in  Spokane  better 
known  or  more  highly  respected  than  he. 


GHARLES  B.  HOPKINS,  General  Man- 
ager of  the  Inland  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company  Spokane,  Washington,  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  young  men  of  the  North- 
west. Following  is  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  an- 
cestry. 

Charles  B.  Hopkins  was  b,,rii  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, July  18.  isr.o,  uldt'st  ,-l,il.l  <,f(l,arlesand 
Lucy  S.  (Baker)  Ilopkin.,  natives  of  Xew  York 
and  Illinois,  respectively.  His  father  was  one 
of  the  "Forty-niners"  of  California,  and  upon 
his  arrival  in  San  Francisco  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising and  also  practiced  law.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  with  his  father-in-law.  Colonel  Edward 
D.  Baker,  and  became  Qnarterinaster  at  Fort 
Vancouver,  where  he  remained  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  In  18r).5  he  engaged  in  the  mer- 
chandifc  lMi-in.'>-  at  I'ditland.  He  subsequent- 
ly remnv.'l  \><  Walla  Walla,  where  he  was  ap- 
pointed L' II  ittd  States  Marshal  for  Washington, 
and  served  eight  years.  He  and  his  family  now 
reside  at  Seattle. 

Mr.  Hopkins'  grandfather,  Colonel  Baker- 
was  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  his  day,  dis- 
tingnishing  himself  as  a  legislator,  orator  and 
lie    was    born    in   London,    England, 


soldi 


February  21,  1811,  and  at  the  age  of  four  years 
came  with  ids  parents  to  America  and  located 
in  Philadelphia,  remaining  there  ten  years.  In 
1825  the  family  moved  west  to  New  Harmony, 
Indiana,  and  a  year  later   he  walked  from  there 


BISTORT    OF    WASJllNflTON. 


to  Belleville,  Illinois,  tlieii  the  most  important 
town  in  that  State.  After  a  sojourn  of  two  or 
three  years  there  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  and 
thence  to  Carrolltoii,  Illinois,  where  he  began 
the  study  of  law.  He  was  mai-ried  April  27, 
1831,  to  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Lee.  The  year  follow- 
ing his  marriage,  he  served  in  the  Black  Hawk 
v\ar.  In  1837  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature, was  re-elected  the  next  year,  and  twice, 
1845  and  1848,  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Congress.  In  the  meantime,  in  1840,  he  raised 
the  Konrth  Illinois  Infantry  and  served  in  the 
Mexican  war.  In  1852  he  came  to  the  far 
West,  located  in  San  Francisco  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  lie  subsequently  removed 
to  Oregon  and  was  soon  afterward  elected  United 
States  Senator,  being  one  of  tiie  iirst  senators 
from  Oregon.  He  volunteered  his  services  in 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  in  1861,  became  Col- 
tinel  of  a  California  regiment,  and  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff  in  October,  1861. 

Mr.  Hopkins'  father  having  located  in  Port- 
land just  after  the  war,  Charles  B.  attended 
school  there  from  1865  to  1872.  In  1873  he 
went  to  Wall  Walla.  There  lie  learned  the  trade 
of  printer  in  the  office  of  Spirit  of  the  West; 
spent  two  years  there  and  then  a  year  in  Port- 
land and  Puget  Sound,  working  at  the  same 
husiness.  The  following  year  he  was  guard  at 
the  penitentiary  on  McNeil's  Island.  In  1877 
he  located  in  Colfax,  Washington,  and,  in  part- 
nership with  E.  L.  Kellogg,  founded  the  Palouse 
Cazette,  of  which  paper  he  l)ecome  sole  pro- 
prietor in  1879.  In  1882  he  founded  the  Mir- 
I'or,  and  sold  out  a  month  later.  That  same  year 
he  was  owner  of  the  Chroincle  of  Spokane  Falls. 
Ile'was  also  the  founder  of  the  Sprague  Herald. 
Ill'  was  engaged  in  newspaper  work  np  to  1889, 
and  dni-ing  all  those  years  took  an  active  part  in 
developing  the  resources  and  advancing  the  in- 
terests of  tlie  various  new  towns  that  liave 
sprung  up  in  AVashington.  In  1882  he  was 
Commissary  General   of  Washington  Territory. 

In  1886  Mr.  Hopkins  started  the  Hrst  tele- 
phone line  in  Eastern  Washington,  from  Colfax 
to  Almota.  He  extended  the  system  rapidly  and 
established  the  exchanges  of  Spokane,  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  Colfax.  The  first  two  he  sold  out 
to  Mr.  W.  S.  JSorman,  after  which  he  devoted 
his  time  and  attention  to  extending  the  lines 
tnbu'ary  to  the  Colfax  exchange  until  May, 
18',tO,  when  all  the  systems  of  Eastern  Washing- 
ton were  consolidated  under  the  title  of  the  In- 
land  Telephone    and    Telegraph    Company,     of 


Spokane.  Mr.  Hopkins  then  became  the  gen- 
eral manager.  This  company  has  connections 
with  over  100  cities  and  towns,  this  being  one 
of  the  most  extensive  inland  systems  in  the 
world,  and  its  advancement  and  deveh^pment  is 
greatly  due  to  Mr.  Hopkins'  business  ability 
and  untiring  industiy. 

He  has  always  been  an  active  and  working 
member  of  the  Tiepublican  party.  While  a  resi- 
dent of  Colfax  he  was  Mayor  (if  the  town,  and 
resigned  tlnit  office,  when  he  came  tu  S|iiikane  in 
1890.  He  is  one  of  the  ComniisM..ners  of  the 
AVorld's  Fair. 

Mr.  Hopkins'  lovely  home  is  beautifully  furn- 
ished throughout,  is  located  part  way  up  the 
bluff,  and  commands  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
Spokane  Valley.  He  was  married  May  2,  1880, 
toJosie  Davenport,  a  native  of  Oregon  and  at 
the  time  of  iier  marriage  a  resident  of  (/ol fax. 
They  have  two  daughters,  Carrie  and  Eva. 


dl  J.  L.  PEEL,  Auditor  of  Sjiokane  county, 
I  Washington,  was  born  near  Jackson,  Ten- 
—  nessee,  in  1834,  only  child  of  James  and 
Martha  (Weaver)  Peel.  His  father  was  a  native 
of  England,  and  l)y  occupation  was  a  machinist 
and  millwright.  Young  Peel  attended  an  acad- 
emy at  Somerville  and  then  took  a  classical 
course  at  Jackson  College,  Memphis,  Tennessee. 

At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  came  West,  arriving 
in  San  Fraticisco,  August  20,  1850,  and  on  the 
Pacific  coast  he  has  since  resided.  For  sixteen 
years  he  was  a  miner  and  was  subjected  to  all 
the  vicissitudes  of  a  pioneer.  He  took  his  part 
in  the  various  Indian  fights,  and  at  various  times 
was  engaged  as  merchant,  i-ancher,  packer,  ac- 
couniaut  and  railroad  employe,  and  he  also  filled 
various  public  offices.  He  was  Surveyor,  As- 
sessor and  Justice  of  the  Peace  at  different  times, 
during  his  stay  in  Plumas  county,  California, 
and  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Nevada  county, 
that  State. 

Mr.  Peel  arrived  in  Spokane  Falls,  April  17, 
1884,  and  the  ensuing  fall  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  this  township.  Subsequently, 
he  received  the  appointment  of  Postmaster  of 
Spokane,  and  took  charge  of  the  office  Sejitem- 
ber  1,  1886,  retiring  September  7, 1889,  having 
served  three  years  and  seven  days.  When  Mr. 
Beel  assumed  the  duties  of  this  office  Spokane 
had  a  population  of  4,000.      During  his  incum- 


lilSroitY    OF     WASlflTNGTON. 


307 


bency  the  population  increased  to  20,000;  and 
in  order  to  supply  the  needs  of  the  people  he 
embarrassed  himself  tinancially  in  endeavoring 
to  supply  clerical  help.  After  retiring  from  the 
office  he  was  engaged  as  register  and  collector 
for  the  city  water  works.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  Auditor,  which  office  he  has  ably  tilled, 
and  in  1892  he  was  renominated  by  the  Demo- 
cratic County  Convention,  for  the  same  office, 
the  nomination  being  by  acclamation,  and  was 
elected. 

Mr.  Peel  was  married  in  18G0  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  liobiuson,  a  native  of  Missouri,  but  a  resi- 
dent of  California  at  the  time  of  their  marriage. 
They  have  live  children.  Lelia  A.  is  the  wife 
of  E.  J.  Dyer,  cashier  of  the  Exchange  National 
15ank  of  Spokane.  Mattie  E.  married  an  enter- 
prising and  well-to-do  Nevada  gentleman.  How- 
ell W.  is  an  employe  and  stockholder  at  Holly, 
Mason,  Works  A:  Co.,  one  of  the  lai-gest  estab- 
lishments in  the  Northwest;  Etta  M.  is  the  wife 
of  Frank  C.  Landrum  of  Centralia,  Washington; 
and  Bell  has  just  graduated  at  the  high  school 
in  this  city. 

Mr.  Peel  is  a  man  of  broad  and  progressive 
views,  is  a  great  student  and  has  read  much  of 
tiie  current  literature  of  the  day.  He  is  both 
a  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow. 


F'kEDERICK  a.  TILTON,  deceased,  was 
born  in  Littleton,  New  Hampshire,  in  1855, 
—  youngest  son  of  Franklin  and  Laura  (Balch) 
Tilton,  natives  of  Vermont.  His  father  was  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  Littleton,  was  a  merchant 
and  a  leading  citizen  there.  He  died  in  1867, 
and  bis  wife  in  18T2.  Both  were  members  of 
the  Congregational  tljiurch. 

Frederick  A.  received  a  high-school  education 
in  his  native  town,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business,  continuino- the 
same  for  fifteen  years.  He  then  spent  two 
years  in  Florida,  in  the  real-estate  business. 
Coining  to  Spokane  in  March,  1889.  he 
invested  largely  in  realty,  and  successfully 
conducted  a  real-estate  business  in  this  city 
and  vicinity.  In  company  with  Mr.  Stocker 
he  owned  the  Calhoun  Addition  at  Gray's 
llai-bor,  and  also  had  a  nninl)er  of  lots 
there.  Besides  this  he  had  reality  at  Hoquiam. 
He  also  did  a  large  renting  business.  Mr.  Til- 
ton  was  a  Republican  and  took  an  active  part  in 
political  affairs. 


lie  was  married  in  1875,  to  Miss  Hattie  G. 
Sawyer,  a  native  of  Littleton,  and  they  had  four 
children:  Laura  B.,  Frank  P.,  Kebecca  C,  and 
William  H. 

Mr.  Tilton  was  a  nephew  of  Henry  L.  Tilton, 
a  capitalist  of  Spokane. 

The  untimely  demise  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  occurred  May  30,  1893. 


of  the  wealthy 
ikane,  was  born 
Ml  out.    May  3, 


[LJ  ENRY   L.  TILTOX.  on 

rpl  ami  influential  men  of  S 
J  11  at  North  J_)anville,  \' 
^  1828,  and  the  early  years  of  his  life  were 

spent  on  a  farm,  whero  he  soon  developed  the 
good  qualities  of  character  which  have  led  him 
so  successfully   through  life. 

At  the  age  of  twenty  yeai'S  he  moved  to  Lit- 
tleton, New  Hampshiiv,  where  he  occupied  a 
position  as  clerk  in  a  store,  and  l>y  his  economical 
habits  he  saved  money  enough  in  a  couple  of  years 
to  make  a  journey  to  San  l^'rancisco.  He  arrived 
there  in  the  early  part  of  1850,  when  many  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  Golden  AVest  had  braved  the 
dangers  of  the  trip  across  the  plains.  His  lirst 
venture  was  to  sell  water  to  these  brave  sojourn- 
ers. He  followed  this  business  for  a  short  time 
only,  and  for  one  year  subse(jUently  hearted  as 
clerk  in  a  hardware  store,  but  his  siiprrior  busi- 
ness qualifications  soon  commanded  the  lecogni- 
tion  they  deserved,  and  we  next  find  him  as  the 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Tilton  &  Cady. 
From  his  humble  start  in  life  he  soon  advanced 
to  one  of  the  principal  business  men,  and  after 
three  years  of  lucrative  business  he  M-as enabled 
to  retire  and  return  Ivist.  locating-  in  Littleton, 
New  Hampshire.  CohmnmiI  ivdy  he  became  a 
dealer  in  luml)er,  a  tiadir  in  timber  land,  a 
merchant,  a  banker,  and  he  was  honored  by  his 
fellow  citizens  with  a  seat  in  the  State  Leo-isla- 
ture. 

During  the  year  of  1885  Mr.  Tilton  made  a 
journey  through  the  West,  and  during  his  tour 
of  in!-|iei-tion  he  visited  Spuk-ane Falls,  where  his 
foic-ighi  and  ljii>iiii',~s  knowledge  at  once  gave 
him  prc'scieiice  (jT  the  chances  which  investment 
oft'ei-ed  here.  He  made  large  purchases  of  real 
estate  and  established  the  Tilton  Loan  Com- 
pany. He  associated  himself  with  I.  S.  Kauf- 
man in  erecting  the  new  postoffice  building  and 
the  handsome  and  imposing  granite  block,  two 
structures  of  which  older  cities  might  feel  justly 


niSTORY    OF    WASIIIA'GTO:^. 


proud.  He  af/ain  visited  his  home  in  llie  East 
and  returned  in  1888,  and  when  he  realized  that 
his  faitli  in  the  future  development  of  Spokane 
Falls  iiad  been  well  founded  he  bought  more 
I'ealty  and  organized  the  real-estate  and  loan 
lirni  of  Tilton,  Stoker,  P'rye  vk  Co.  lie  has  been 
one  of  the  men  on  whom  this  coinin unity  could 
always  count  wlien  money  was  needed  and  assis- 
tance required  in  the  interest  and  welfare  of  the 
city.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  several 
of  the  most  substantial  banking  corporations. 

Judge  Tilton,  as  he  is  commonly  known,  is 
eiect  in  figure,  and  his  commanding  and  vener- 
alile  form  are  in  perfect  accord  with  an  honorable 
career.  Few  men  can  delight  in  a  more  thorough 
knowledge  of  having  done  their  duty  toward 
their  fellow  men  in  the  city  in  which  they  re- 
side than  Judge  Tilton. 

Mr.  Tilton  has  not  been  inclined  to  political 
life.  He  was,  however,  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  in  1880,  which  nominated  James  A. 
Garfield  for  ['resident,  and  was  elected  one  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Electors  on  that  ticket. 
He  was  a  membei-  of  Governor  Sti'aw's  staff, 
with  rank  of  Colonel,  in  1872. 


SAMUEL  W.  BKOWN,  one  of  the  repre- 
\  sentative  citizens  and  pioneers  of  Clarke 
~—  county,  was  born  in  Meade  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1819,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Henrietta 
(^Hobbs)Brown,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Samuel, 
the  tenth  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  re- 
moved with  his  widowed  mother  and  family  to 
Knox  county,  Illinois,  when  quite  young,  and 
was  there  reared  and  educated,  completing  his 
course  in  the  Knox  County  Academy  in  1842. 
He  was  early  inured  to  the  hardships  of  farm 
life,  and  followed  that  calling  for  many  years. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Knox  county, 
for  one  term;  then  followed  farming  two  years; 
and  next  engaged  in  merchandising  in  Gales- 
burg  until  1857.  He  was  the  second  Mayor  of 
that  city,  serving  a  term  of  two  years.  In  1857 
Mr.  Brown  was  elected  a  memlier  of  the  State 
Legislature  for  one  term;  following  this  he  re- 
tired to  private  life  for  a  time,  but  in  18B1  was 
appointed  by  Abraham  Lincoln  as  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys  in  the  United  States  Land  Office 
at  Vancouver,  He  came  with  his  family,  via 
the  Isthmus  and  San  Francisco,  and  took  up  his 
residence  in  this  city  July  11,  of  the  same  year. 


He  continued  in  office  over  twenty-one  years, 
and  during  that  time  also  engaged  in  other  en- 
terprises. 

In  1861  our  subject  started  the  nursery  busi- 
ness now  conducted  by  Cook  &  Son,  which  he 
personally  superintended  about  twelve  years, 
and  then  leased  the  property.  This  is  probably 
the  lai-gest  and  most  complete  nursery  north  of 
California.  Mr.  Brown  is  also  the  possessor  of 
a  large  amount  of  property  in  the  city  limits  of 
Vancouver  and  in  the  county.  He  was  one  of 
the  chief  ])romoters  and  the  first  president  of 
the  Vancouver  &  Yakima  liailroad,  is  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Vancouver  Transportation  Company, 
and  has  been  connected  with  other  enterprises, 
both  public  and  private.  His  life  has  been  an 
active  and  progressive  one,  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
this  city  from  the  first,  has  represented  the  city's 
official  head,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Town  Council.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  years  past  took  an  active  interest  in  poli- 
tics. Mr.  Brown's  active  business  career  was 
cut  short  some  few  years  aijo,  owing  to  ill  health. 
He  returned  to  the  East  with  his  son,  Edward, 
remaining  there  about  fifteen  naonths,  and  dur- 
ing nine  months  of  that  time  lay  perfectly  help- 
less at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  receiving  treat- 
ment in  the  Sanitarium  of  that  city. 

He  was  joined  in  marriage,  in  Illinois,  to 
Miss  Harriet  H.  Miles,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and 
they  have  had  three  children,  two  now  living: 
Charles,  president  of  the  First  National  Bank, 
of  Vancouver;  and  Edward  L.  Floyd  M.,  died 
in  1863.  Mr.  Brown  met  with  a  sore  affliction 
in  the  loss  of  his  estimable  wife,  who  died  in 
this  city  in  April,  1888. 


FRANCIS  M.  LOUDEN,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing farmers  of  Walla  Walla  county,  a  suc- 
— »  cessful  stock-raiser  and  a  pioneer  of  Cali- 
fornia, was  born  in  Boone  county,  Kentucky, 
February  7,  1831,  and  resided  in  Kentucky  un- 
til he  was  thirteen  years  of  age  and  then  removed 
with  his  father  to  Illinois.  His  father,  Spencer 
Louden,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  there 
mari'ied  Mabel  W.  Bates,  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts, born  near  Plymouth  Rock  and  belonging 
to  one  of  the  families  well-known  in  that  locality. 
Mr.  Louden  removed  to  Illinois  in    1847,  lived 


El  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


jntlis  to  iiijike  the  trip.  Aftei 
Mir  Milijfct  went  at  once  at 
is  employment  until  1851, 


there  until  1850  and  then  removed  to  California 
l)y  water.  By  trade  he  was  a  carpenter  and 
contractor  and"  until  his  removal  to  California 
had  always  worked  at  his  trade.  He  died  in 
1874,  at  the  age  of  seventy  years.  His  wife 
still  survives  and  lives  on  the  old  homestead  in 
California  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years.  They 
reai-ed  a  family  of  live  children,  of  whom  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  our  subject  thought 
often  of  the  great  gold  beds  lying  in  the  gorges 
and  the  sandy  river  beds  of  California,  and  he, 
in  company  with  four  others,  formed  a  partner- 
ship and  fitted  up  a  horse  team  with  wagon  and 
neceessary  supplies  and  started  on  tlie  dangei'- 
ous  path  across  the  plains,  bound  for  the  gold 
delds  of  California.  After  leaving  the  Missouri 
river  the  youths  journeyed  all  alone  taking  a 
little  over  four  iiiouths  to  make  thetrij; 
reaching  C'alif 
mining,  follow 

by  which  time  he  had  made  enough  money  to 
enable  him  to  tit  out  a  pack  train,  and  he  then 
went  into  packing,  following  this  rennmerative 
employment  for  twenty-one  years.  He  packed 
freight  over  every  Territory  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains  and  in  nearly  every  mining  camp 
throughout  California,  Oregon,  Nevada,  Idaho, 
Montana  and  Washington,  having  many  escapes 
and  running  many  risks.  All  readers  of  this 
volume  who  were  early  settlers  will  readily  un- 
derstand many  of  the  dangers  which  attended 
the  freighting  business  at  that  time,  as  the  In- 
dians were  often  very  hostile.  <  >ur  subject  can 
tell  some  blood-curdling  stories  of  those  days 
and  of  the  dangerous  places  he  has  been  in,  and 
at  last  he  tired  of  the  life  and  having  made 
money  he  decided  to  settle  down  with  his  family. 

Our  subject  married  in  ISOK,  and  in  ISTS  with 
his  family  he  settled  in  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  where  he  bought  160  acres  in  the 
Ijottoms  of  Walla  Walla  river,  twelve  miles  west 
of  the  city  of  Walla  AValla.  Here  he  has  made 
a  tine  home  and  probably  will  spend  his  remain- 
ing years  here,  engaged  in  stock  business.  He 
has  always  worked  with  the  old  adage  in  mind 
that  if  a  thing  is  worth  doing  at  all  it  is  worth 
doing  well,  and  his tirst  purchase  was  to  improve 
his  stock  by  buying  a  few  fine  animals,  one  of 
the  male  animals  costing  $2,000.  His  herd  of 
125  head  of  horses  are  all  fine,  some  of  them 
real  blooded  animals.  In  this  country  the  trot- 
ting Hambletonian  breed  is  the  favorite,  and 
our  sul)ject  has  representatives  of  it. 


Mr.  Louden  now  owno  4,000  acies  of  tine  land 
and  2,000  arc  cultivated  to  raise  feed  for  his 
stock.  He  does  not  farm  and  raise  grain  to  sell, 
but  as  he  keeps  about  600  head  of  cattle  and  125 
head  of  horses  he  needs  much  feed.  More  would 
be  raised,  but  as  the  land  is  getting  settled  the 
range  is  being  closed  up..  He  has  a  fine  farm 
here,  a  good  house  and  barns  and  everything 
convenient.  He  takes  great  pride  in  raising 
bees  and  has  much  honey  to  sell  yearly. 

In  1869  our  subject  was  elected  by  a  large 
majority  to  the  responsible  office  of  County 
Commissioner,  and  served  two  years,  he  being 
the  only  Democrat  elected  in  a  Republican 
county.  He  was  re-elected  in  1890  and  again 
n  1892,  by  a  larger  maj(jrity  tlian  any  other  can- 


didate, either  R 


iblic. 


Democrat.     He  was 


appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  as  one 
of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of  the  Washington 
Penitentiary,  and  still  holds  that  position,  being 
a  very  able  and  etfieieut  officer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louden  have  three  children: 
M.  J.,  Francis  H.,  and  Hettie  Irene,  all  of  whom 
are  yet  athome  enjoying  the  comforts  of  a  pleas- 
ant and  happy  residence  in  this  delightful  lo- 
cality. Mr.  Louden  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  fiolitically  he  is  a  Democrat,  and 
cast  his  first  ballot  for  Grover  Cleveland  in  1892. 


w 


ILLIAM  H.  OVERLOOK,  Mayor  of 
the  town  Kent,  King  county,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  the  State  of  Maine, 
October  17,  1865.  His  parents,  Jacob  and  El- 
mira  (Nowell)  Overlock,  were  also  natives  of  the 
Pine  tree  State,  both  being  now  ilecc'i-rd.  Will- 
iam H.  is  the  fifth  of  the  fainiiyMr  tixt- chil- 
dren ;  he  was  reared  amid  the  scnics  of  his  birth, 
and  received  his  education  near  the  old  farm, 
which  was  his  home  until  1881.  In  that  year 
he  began  the  journeyings  that  were  not  to  end 
until  he  had  passed  beyond  the  great  plains  and 
over  the  mountains  of  the  Pacitic  Coast  States. 
He  tirst  went  to  Lawrence,  Massachusetts,  but 
after  a  few  months  went  to  Boston,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  butchering  stock  for  market;  he  be- 
came expert  in  this  business  and  also  developed 
into  a  good  judge  of  market  animals. 

The  quiet  New  England  methods  of  business 
were  not  according  to  the  ideas  of  "  Young 
America,"  so  our  subject  determined  to  go 
West;  this  he  did,  and  for  a  period  of  two  years 


in  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  tninins  in  Arizona   near   tlie   town  bearin 


the  cheerful  name  of  Tombstone.  He  was  very 
successful  in  this  venture,  but  after  a  time  came 
to  the  coast,  and  permanently  located  in  Kent 
in  1890.  He  took  up  the  old  occupation  of 
butchering,  and  as  he  is  a  complete  master  of 
the  business  he  has  won  a  large  and  steady  pat- 
ronage. Choosing  his  stock  from  the  pastures 
of  the  surrounding  country  he  has  the  advantage 
of  those  depending  upon  wholesale  packers. 
His  shop  is  neat  and  clean,  and  the  stock  is 
handled  with  the  utmost  care  and  nicety;  the 
assistants  are  capable  and  courteous,  and  are 
zealous  in  their  efforts  to  please  customers. 

Mr.  Overlook  was  given  a  strong  testimonial 
of  his  popularity  in  his  election  to  the  office  of 
Mayor  of  Kent  in  1892.  He  has  tilled  the  po- 
sition with  credit  to  himself,  and  has  displayed 
unusual  executive  ability,  his  administration 
having  been  higlily  satisfactory,  not  only  to  his 
constituency  but  to  the  general  public.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  I.  O. 
(). -F.,  belonging  both  to  the  subordinate  lodge 
and  to  the  enc;iiii|iiiu"iit.  He  has  been  one  of 
the  n)()>t  fiitliii-iatir  supporters  of  public  enter- 
]ii-ist's  and  ha-  lust  no  opportunity  to  further  the 
interests  of  his  town  and  county  in  encouraging 
tiu' development  of  every  possible  resource. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  the  town  of 
Kent,  January  19,  1892,  to  Miss  Bertha  M.  Cox, 
who  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

^-€B-'^^ 

JAMES  R.  AYOOD,  one  of  Clarke  county's 
most  substantial  farmers,  is  a  native  of  the 
old  Hoosier  State,  born  in  liush  county, 
June  22,  1886.  His  parents,  Jephthah  W.  and 
Frances  B.  (Reed)  Wood,  were  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  South  Carolina  respectively.  The 
father,  who  was  of  Welsh-German  extraction, 
was  born  in  1810,  and  was  a  lad  of  ten  years 
when  his  parents  emigrated  to  Indiana;  he  was 
a  carpenter  by  trade,  and  also  followed  farming 
in  connection  with  his  occupation.  His  death 
occurred  March  17,  1887.  Mrs.  Wood  was  de- 
scended from  Scotch  ancestors.  There  were  mem- 
bers of  her  family  who  figured  prominently  in 
the  Revolutionary  struggle  and  also  in  the  war 
of  1812.  Colonel  Reed  participated  in  the  en- 
gagement at  Bunker  Hill,  and  Captain  Jacob 
Reed,  father  of  Mrs.  Wood,  was  a  -line  officer 
under  command   of  Gen.   Jackson   at  the  battle 


of  JSlew  Orleans.  James  R.  is  the  second  of  a 
family  of  nine  children,  only  three  of  whom 
survive  at  the  present  time.  When  he  was  a 
child  of  seven  years  his  parents  removed  to 
Mercer  county,  Illinois,  and  there  he  grew  to 
maturity.  His  father  being  a  farmer  he  natur- 
ally acquired  a  taste  for  this  most  independent 
of  vocations,  which  he  has  followed  through  lite. 

In  the  year  1866  he  went  to  Gage  county, 
Nebraska,  and  there  resided  for  a  period  of  fif- 
teen years.  The  States  of  the  Pacific  Coast  of- 
fering most  alluring  inducements  to  farmers  he 
crossed  the  plains  and  mountains  in  1882,  and 
took  up  his  residence  in  Clarke  county.  He  has 
a  farm  of  140  acres;  thirty-tive  acres  are  culti- 
vated to  grain,  sixty-five  are  in  natural  timber 
and  two  acres  are  in  orchards.  This  tract  is 
situated  nine  miles  northeast  of  Vancouver  and 
is  a  very  desirable  piece  of  land. 

Mr.  Wood,  a  worthy  descendant  of  his  ances- 
tors, has  a  military  record  quite  etpial  to  that  of 
his  grandsire.  Promptly  heeding  the  call  of 
country  he  enlisted  August  11,  1862,  in  the 
One  Hundred  and  Second  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  served  until  the  cessation  of  hostil- 
ities. His  regiment  was  a  part  of  the  brigade 
commanded  by  the  late  President  of  the  United 
States,  General  Harrison.  He  pai-ticipateil  in 
many  of  the  engagements  of  Sherman's  mem- 
orable nuirch  through  Georgia,  and  when  he  was 
discharged  from  the  service  it  M'as  as  a  brave 
and  loyal  soldier. 

Mr.  Wood  was  united  in  marriage  in  the  State 
of  Illinois,  August  27,  1859,  to  Miss  Ecbecca 
Shanks,  who  was  born  at  Moline,  Illinois.  They 
are  the  parents  of  seven  children:  Wilburn  S., 
James  M.,  Nettie,  wife  of  J.  B.  Higdon,  Louis 
W.,  Walter  IL,  Ford  E.  and  Omar  E. 

In  politics  Mr.  Wood  adheres  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Democratic  party.  He  has  been 
an  active  member  of  the  School  Board  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  for  one  year  served  as 
Road  Overseer.  He  is  associated  with  the  Pa- 
trons of  Husbandry,  Flat  Wood  Grange,  No.  96. 

5S.  CAMPBELL,  County  Commissioner 
jj  of  Clarke  county,  was  born  in  the  State 
^  of  Iowa,  July  28,  1858, a  son  of  William 
J.  and  Julia  A.  (Barcas)  Campbell,  natives  of 
Indiana  and  Ohio  respectively.  They  were  the 
parents  of  ten    children,  of  whom   our  subject 


HISIOHY    OF     WASlII^dToN. 


aii 


was  tlie  eldest  child.  lie  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Mnltnoiiiah  eonnty,  Oregon,  in  18(54, 
where  he  attended  the  public  schools,  and  com- 
pleted a  collegiate  course  at  Phiiomalh  College, 
iir  Benton  county,  in  1880.  Mr.  Campbell  was 
then  engaged  in  teaching  foi-  many  years,  in 
188-8  he  came  to  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
and  in  1888,  in  company  with  his  father,  em- 
barked in  the  drug  business  in  La  Centre,  where 
they  lioth  still  reside. 

.lannary  6,  1885,  our  subject  was  united  in 
mairiage  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Lawrence,  a  native 
of  Canada.  Tiiey  have  three  ciiildren,  Ada  M., 
Alice  15.  and  Horace  W.  Mr.  Catnpbell  is  a 
stanch  and  active  Democrat,  and  was  the  choice 
of  his  ])arty  from  his  district  for  County  Com- 
missioner in  1892.  He  is  still  a  lucniber  of  that 
honoi'able  hoard.  •  Socially,  healKliates  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  also  the  Encampment  degree  of 
tliat  order,  and  has  passed  all  of  the  official 
chairs  in  both  branches  of  the  order. 


TR O  B  K  I  D  G  E  R.  J  E  W  ELL,  a  well- 
known  fruitgrower  of  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  Michigan, 
born  December  24,  1841,  in  Calhoun 
county,  where  he  lived  until  a  lad  of  thirteen 
years,  when  his  family  removed  to  Iowa  and 
located  in  Black  Hawk  county.  His  parents, 
Philip  and  Eunice  (Jennings)  Jewell,  were  na- 
tives of  New  York  State.  The  father  died  May 
5,  1876,  and  the  mother  survived  until  the  6th 
of  the  following  June.  They  had  a  family  of 
three  children,  Trobridge  R.  being  the  second- 
born.  Mr.  Jewell  was  trained  to  the  trade  of 
a  sawyer  and  engineer,  and  followed  this  line 
of  business  until  a  few  years  since.  He  re- 
sided in  Iowa  for  a  period  of  live  years,  and 
then  went  to  Clay  county,  Dakota,  where  he 
lived  eighteen  years. 

Recognizing  his  duty  to  his  country,  Mr. 
Jewell  enlisted  in  the  First  Dakota  Cavalry  as 
a  private  and  non-commissioned  ofticer,  and  was 
in  the  service  for  a  period  of  three  years  and 
four  months  in  the  department  of  the  North- 
west. After  his  discharge  he  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  agriculture  for  a  few  years. 

In  1876  he  came  to  the  coast  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  Oregon.  He  lived  in  different 
counties  until  three  years  ago,  when  he  came  to 
Clarke  county   and  located   three   miles    nortli- 


west  of  Vancouver,  where  he  has  five  acres  in  a 
young  orchard  and  strawberries,  and  also  culti- 
vates the  adjoining  H\e  acres  behmging  to  his 
son- in  law. 

His  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  M.  Russell  oc- 
curred in  Dakota,  January  12,  1867.  Mrs. 
Jewell  is  a  native  of  Iowa.  They  have  a 
family  of  four  cliihhvn:  Charlotte,  the  wife  of 
A.  L.  Jniinsi.ii,  wliii  is  Cdimccted  with  the  co- 
operative store  at  \'ancouvt_i-;  Philip  IL;  llattie 
E.,  and  Miles  R.  Mr.  Jewell  is  an  ardent  sup 
porter  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  educational  facilities  af- 
forded the  youth  of  the  land,  and  has  served  as 
Clerk  of  the  School  Board.  He  is  an  honored 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


dIOHN  GILBERT  has  been  identitied  with 
the  agricultural  interests  of  Clarke  county 
^  since  1884,  and  lias  won  the  right  to  rep- 
resentation in  this  volume.  He  was  born  in 
Westchester  county.  New  York,  October  30, 
1817,  a  son  of  Josiali  and  Sallie  (Hoyt)  (lilbert, 
also  natives  of  the  Knipire  State.  He  grew  to 
maturity  amid  the  scenes  of  his  childhood,  bat 
after  arri\ing  at  man's  estate  he  left  tlie  parental 
roof  and  went  in  search  of  his  fortuue.  Going 
south  as  far  as  Virginia,  lie  located  on  a  farm 
near  Washington  ('ity,  and  there  tilled  the  soil 
and  engaged  in  raising  fruit.  The  turmoil  of 
the  Civil  war  put  an  end  to  this  peaceful  oecu- 
jiation,  and  called  a  halt  upon  all  the  useful  in- 
dustries of  that  section.  Mr.  (iilbert  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  to  his  brother-in-law,  (ieneral 
Edward  Ball,  Sergeant-at-arms  in  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  held  this  position  until 
1864.  About  this  time  he  became  interested 
in  the  manufacture  of  paper,  and  removed  to 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  continued  in  busi- 
ness for  nineteen  years. 

Turning  with  the  tide  of  emigration  to  the 
West,  Mr.  Gilbert  came  to  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington and  purchased  property  near  Tacoma. 
In  18S4,  as  before  stated, he  located  near  Ridge- 
field,  Clarke  county;  here  he  owns  200  acres  of 
land,  fifty  of  which  he  lias  placed  under  culti- 
vation. He  has  a  fine  orchard  of  five  acres, 
chiefiy  planted  to  prunes,  which  yield  a  crop  in 
1893.  He  also  has  two  acres  of  an  older  orch- 
ard planted  to  apples,  cherries  and  other  fruits. 
Mr.  Gilbert's  marriage  occurred  in  Virginia. 


3lS 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINQTON. 


November  5,  1844,  when  lie  was  united  to  Miss 
Sarah  C.  Ball,  a  sister  of  the  well-known  Union 
generals,  William  and  Edward  Ball.  Mrs.  Gil- 
bert is  a  woman  of  rare  culture  and  experience. 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  our  subject  and 
wife:  John  J.,  William  B.,  Edward  T.,  Frank, 
and  Mary  G.,  wife  of  S.  P.  Mackey,  a  well- 
known  merchant  of  Kidcreticld. 


ENJAMIN    STAKK    PETTYGROVE, 

\  a  leading  i)usiness  man  and  esteemed 
citizen  of  Port  Townsend,  Washington, 
was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  on  what  is  now 
the  town  site  of  that  metropolis,  September  30, 
1846,  and  enjoys  the  distinction  of  having  been 
the  first  male  white  child  born  in  that  vicinity. 
His  parents,  Francis  W.  and  Sophia  (Enland) 
Pettygrove,  were  natives  of  Maine  and  New 
York,  respectively.  His  father  was  reared  on 
a  farm  near  Calais,  Maine,  and  when  twelve 
years  of  age  began  mercantile  life  as  clerk  in  a 
grocery  store.  He  later  went  to  New  York 
city,  where  his  opportunities  were  increased  and 
where  he  followed  a  varied  business  career  until 
1842.  In  that  year  he  accepted  an  offer  from 
A.  W.  Benson  &  Co.,  of  NeM-  Y'ork  city,  to 
bring  to  Oi-egon  a  stock  of  goods,  open  up  a 
store  and  act  as  their  agent.  Completing  ar- 
rangements, with  a  mixed  cargo  on  board  the 
ship  Victoria,  Mr.  Francis  Pettygrove  set  sail 
for  the  far  West,  via  Cape  Horn  and  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  On  arriving  at  the  islands,  he 
transferred  his  goods  to  the  bard  Farna,  and 
not  long  afterward  entered  the  Columliia  river, 
anchoring  near  Vancouver,  to  await  nu'.uis  of 
transporting  his  goods  to  Oregon  City,  his  ulti- 
mate destination.  This  was  finally  accomplished 
by  securing  the  services  of  a  small  schooner 
owned  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  On 
arriving  at  his  destined  location,  he  opened  a 
store  and  entered  into  trade  with  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  surrounding  country,  realizing  grat- 
ifying success.  Mr.  Pettygrove  also  interested 
himself  in  the  fur  trade,  and  by  erecting  a 
warehouse  at  Champoeg,  he  controlled  the 
wheat  yield  of  French  Prairie.  He  subsequent- 
ly located  a  claim  on  the  present  site  of  Port- 
land, which  he  had  the  honor  of  naming,  ignor- 
ant of  its  f  utirre  prospects  as  the  financial  center 
of  the  Northwest.  A  man  of  ability  and  ex- 
perience,   he  early    became   identified  with  the 


progressive  movements  of  his  vicinity.  In  1844 
he  was  one  of  the  active  promulgators  of  the 
Provincial  Government,  and  rendered  material 
service  in  shaping  its  destiny  and  upholding  its 
anthority.  In  1852  Mr.  Pettygrove  sold  out 
his  interests  in  Portland,  and,  in  company  with 
Loren  B.  Hastings,  purchased  a  small  schooner, 
Mary  Taylor,  in  which  they  departed  with  their 
I'amilies  for  Pnget  Sound.  Buly  arriving  at 
Port  Townsend,  they  found  Alfred  A.  Plummer 
and  Charles  Batchelder  already  settled,  and, 
approving  of  the  location,  Mr.  Pettygrove  and 
his  partner  immediately  laid  oft"  claims  of  640 
acres  each  for  man  and  wife,  on  which  they  pro- 
ceeded to  build  h>g  cabins.  These  preparations 
conipleted,  a  copartnership  was  entered  into  by 
Messrs.  Hastings,  Pettygrove  and  Plummer, 
who  proceeded  to  open  a  smaU  trading  post,  and 
by  cutting  piles,  loading  vessels  and  doing  such 
other  work  as  came  to  them,  they  gained  a  sup- 
port, which  was  materially  increased  by  the  wild 
game  procured  by  their  trusty  rifies  from  the 
surrounding  country.  Mr.  Pettygrove  subse- 
quently engaged  in  farming,  in  which  he  was 
actively  employed  until  1875,  when  he  retired 
from  business,  to  enjoy  in  leisure  the  abundant 
means  which  his  industry  and  thrift  had  accu- 
mulated. He  died  in  1887,  aged  seventy-five 
years,  followed  to  his  grave  by  the  heartfelt  sor- 
row of  the  entire  Northwest,  who  had  known 
him  so  many  years  and  appreciated  his  many 
admirable  traits  of  character.  His  broken- 
hearted wife  followed  him  to  the  tomb  within 
a  few  months,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five  years,  as 
if  unable  to  endure  a  separation  after  so  many 
years  of  close  companionship.  Mr.  Francis 
Pettygrove  was  a  quiet,  unpretentious  man,  en- 
dowed with  strong  characteristics  of  honor  and 
integrity,  and  his  influence  for  good  in  the 
social  and  moral  welfare  of  his  community  was 
both  wide  and  deep,  and  his  memory  will  be 
cherished  with  affection  by  all  who  knew  him. 
His  worthy  wife  was  a  typical  pioneer  woman, 
sharing  with  her  husband  all  the  hardships  and 
vicissitudes  incident  to  making  a  home  in  the 
the  Nortliwest  in  the  early  day,  and  deserves 
the  regard  of  all  who  enjoy  the  fruits  of  that 
civilization  which  she  assisted  in  planting  in 
the  western  wilds. 

Benjamin  S.  Pettygrove,  whose  name  heads 
this  sketch,  inherited  from  his  parents  a  dower 
of  intelligence  and  energy  with  an  honored 
name,  and  was  trained  to  habits  of  industry  and 
thrift,  which,  together  with  a  persevering  will, 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


have  raised  him  to  his  present  position  of  pros- 
perity and  influence.  He  attended  the  local 
schools  and  afterward  took  a  course  at  the  Wes- 
lejan  Institute  in  Olympia.  In  1869  he  made 
his  iirst  trip  to  Maine  and  witnessed  the  scene 
ot  his  father's  nativity.  (,)n  returning  to  Port 
Townsend  he  engaged  in  farming  and  dairying, 
in  which  he  was  quite  successful,  and  with  the 
proceeds  of  which  he  purchased  eighty  acres  of 
his  father's  claim.  He  continued  to  be  thus 
occupied  until  1889,  when  he  leased  his  land 
and  retired  from  the  hardships  of  farm  life  to 
devote  himself  to  other  intei'ests  and  that  re- 
pose which  former  years  of  industry  had  ren- 
dered possible.  In  1890  he  erected  his  present 
handsome  residence  on  the  coi'ner  of  Wall  and 
Second  streets,  the  site  of  his  father's  original 
homestead,  thus  adding  to  the  comfort  of  a 
home  the  pleasure  experieiieed  from  occupying 
land  once  hallowed  by  the  presence  of  absent 
dear  ones. 

In  1874  Mr.  Pettygrove  was  married  in  Vic- 
toria to  Mrs.  Zaila  H.  (McKinley)  Sweeney,  an 
estimable  lady,  who  was  a  native  of  Ohio.  She 
had  three  children  by  a  former  marriage:  Nor- 
man, deceased;  Antoinette;  and  Carlton.  To 
the  second  marriage  was  born  one  child,  Benja- 
min F.  After  six  years  of  invalidism  tiie  (le- 
voted  wife  and  mother  died,  January  25,  1893, 
leaving  a  bereaved  family  and  many  fi-icnds  to 
mourn  her  loss. 

Politically,  Mr.  Pettygrove  is  a  lu'puMi<aii. 
but  not  active  in  public  affairs,  his  domi^tic  lite 
and  numerous  landed  interests  alisdrliin^  nidst 
of  his  time  and  attention.  He  is,  however,  in- 
tensely public-spirited,  and  any  project  tending 
to  advance  the  welfare  of  his  community  is 
assured  of  his  approval  and  substantial  assist- 
ance, and  he  is  justly  numbered  airiong  the 
representative  citizens  of  Port  Townsend,  Wash- 
ington. 

T^  J.  WEBSTER,  a  large  capitalist  of 
11  Washington,  who  has  been  identified 
^^^'  with  the  interests  of  Spokane  for  the  past 
ten  years,  has  been  a  potent  factor  in  advancing 
the  growth  and  development  of  this  city.  In 
both  his  public  and  private  connections  he  has 
always  acted  to  the  b»  st  interests  of  Spokane. 
and  his  only  object  in  view  has  been  the  wel- 
fare of  this  community. 


Mr.  Webster  was  liorn  in  Michigan,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1847,  the  eighth  in  a  family  of  eight  chil- 
dren. His  parents,  A.  J.  and  Alzora  (Norton) 
Webster,  were  natives  of  Vermont  and  New 
York,  i-i'S|i<Tli\fl\-.  (iiiiiKllatbiT  l-^lifiiezer  Web- 
ster pas>,M|  liis  lilVancI  .li,-.|  in  Vermont.  Orand- 
fatlier  Nnali  Xi.rtcii  was  among  tlie  early  emi- 
grants to  Michigan,  lie  having  located  there 
when  it  was  a  Territory.  It  was  he  who  built 
the  first  house  in  Adrian.  The  Indians  were 
then  plentiful  there,  and  when  Mr.  Webster's 
mother  was  a  little  girl  the  noted  cliieftain, 
Tecumseh,  gave  her  a  fawn.  Mr.  Webster's 
father  also  settled  in  Michigan  during  Teri-i- 
torial  times.  He  was  at  first  engaged  in  farm- 
ing there,  but  afterward  turned  his  attention  to 
the  manufacture  of  wagons  and  carriages,  in 
which  he  was  very  successful.  He  is  a  local 
preacher  in  the  Methodist  Church,  and  is  now 
living  at  Hudson,  Michigan.  His  wife  passed 
away  seven  years  ago. 

In  January,  1864,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Michigan  Regiment  of 
Infanti-y.  following  the  example  of  his  father 
and  three  brothers  who  had  already  responded 
to  the  call  of  their  country.  At  the  battle  of 
Cold  Harbor  he  was  shot  through  both  legs 
below  the  knees,  and  after  a  year's  continemetit 
in  the  hospital  he  was  compelled  to  return 
home.  His  injuries  were  of  so  serious  a  nature 
that  for  three  long  years  he  was  obliged  to  use 
crutclics.  After  his  return  home  he  finished 
bis  high-schnol  course  at  Hudson,  took  a  com- 
mercial cDui-su  in  a  business  college  at  Detroit, 
and  in    1868   entered    the   University  of  Michi- 


gan   at    Ann    Arbor,  where    he  took 


'Pe' 


ial 


course  m  the  literary  and  law  departments, 
graduating  in  March,  i87U.  During  this  time 
he  was  for  two  years  private  secretary  of  Judge 
Thomas  M.  Cooley,  then  Professor  of  Law  in 
the  University. 

Through  the  influence  of  Judge  Cooley,  Mr. 
AVebster  rci-t-ivcd  tlic  a|i|MMntment  of  United 
States  Deputy  Marshal  \«v  the  census  of  1870. 
He  was  the  \(>uiiei'st  ilepiify  in  Michigan,  and 
did  tlie  work  in  six  townships,  the  largest  dis- 
trict in  the  State.  After  having  finished  this 
work  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Hudson,  but  within  one  year  was  unfor- 
tunate in  losing  his  library  by  fire.  He  then 
went  to  California  and  visited  neirly  all  the 
towns  and  cities  of  the  West.  Subsequently, 
he  returned  home  and  at  once  dispesed  of  his 
property   and    then    started    on  a   tour  through 


niSTORT     OF    WASHINGTON. 


California,  South  America,  Central  America 
and  Mexico.  He  served  as  Deputy  County 
Clerk  in  Oakland,  California,  for  one  year,  and 
afterward  practiced  law  there,  remaining  in 
that  city  ten  years.  During  that  period  he 
took  an  active  part  in  political  matters. 

Since  1882  Mr.  Webster  has  been  a  resident 
of  Spokane.  Upon  locating  here  he  at  once  in- 
vesteil  in  property  and  began  the  practice  of 
law,  Spokane  at  tliat  time  being  a  town  of  about 
700  inhabitant.s.  Soon,  however,  he  turned  his 
attention  to  real-estate  l)usiness,  and  operated 
very  extensively.  Mr.  Webster  has  been  close- 
ly cennected  with  the  various  enterprises  which 
iiave  transformed  Spokane  from  a  small  town 
to  a  rapidly  growing  city.  He  was  president 
of  the  Ross  Park  Street  Ilailroad  Company; 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Fairmount 
Cemetery  Association,  which  has  expended  over 
$50,000  on  the  cemetery  making  it  one  of  the 
niostbeaiitifn!  in  the  West.  It  islocatedfive  miles 
northwest  of  Spokane  and  comprises  180acres. 
The  company  gave  live  acres  to  the  city  and  county 
for  the  otliciHl  burial  ground,  and  also  donated 
340  lots  in  the  most  beautiful  parts  of  the 
grounds  to  the  G.  A.  K.  Mr.  Webster  is  now 
president  of  this  company.  lie  has  been  pres- 
ident uf  the  Gentlemen's  Business  Club  of  this 
city  for  two  terms.  He  is  owner  and  proprietor 
of  the  Minnehaha  Springs  and  Health  Kesort, 
a  beautiful  park  comprising  thirty  acres.  He 
is  putting  up  large  (piantities  of  waler  from 
these  springs,  it  having  been  analyzed  l)y  Wal- 
ter S.  Haines,  M.  D.,  ol  Rush  Medical  College, 
the  most  famous  chemist  of  the  United  States 
in  the  analysis  of  waters.  The  Doctor  pro- 
nounces it  the  purest  water  known.  Mr.  Web- 
ster al-o  owns  500  acres  of  the  Minnehaha  Ad- 
dition. He  is  the  owner  of  the  Electric  Line 
Addition,  the  South  Highland  Park  Addition, 
half  of  the  Jerome  Park  Addition,  and  until 
recently  was  the  largest  owner  of  the  Eastside 
Syndicate  Addition.  He  owns  the  Tidball 
block  on  Riverside  avenue,  which  was  built  at 
a  cost  of  $150,000,  the  Genesee  block,  and  has 
500  acres  on  the  river,  two  m'les  and  a  half 
above  the  city.  He  also  owns  consideralile  real 
estate  in  the  business  part  of  Spokane,  and  is 
now  erecting  several  buildings, — his  property 
being  assessed  at  |500,000.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trade  here  since  its 
organization.  He  helped  to  organize  the  first 
G.  A.  R.  post  here, — Sedgwick  Post, — and  was 
its  first  Commander, 


It  is,  however,  in  an  educational  line  that 
Ml-.  Webster  has,  perhaps,  done  the  nu:)st  to 
advance  Spokane's  interests.  For  six  years  he 
has  acted  as  a  member  of  the  Sciiool  Board,  and 
for  three  years  has  been  President  of  the  Board. 
During  this  time  the  sites  of  the  present  school 
buildings  were  selected,  and  the  corps  of  teach- 
ers was  increased  fiom  four  to  twenty-four.  To 
his  exertions  in  behalf  of  the  educational  inter- 
ests much  of  the  present  admirable  school  sys- 
tem is  due. 


))  U  RT(  )N  N .  CARRIE  R,  whose  law 
j"  office  is  situated  in  the  Ziegler  Block, 
on  Howard  street  and  Riverside  avenue, 
Spokane,  Washington,  is  a  man  who,  by  hard 
work,  patient  study,  untiring  perseverance  and 
an  indomitable  will,  has  made  for  himself  a 
position  among  the  j»roinincnt  lawyers  of  his 
day. 

Mr.  Carrier  was  burn  in  Columbus,  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  14,  1844,  son  of  George  W.  and 
Juliette  (Carley)  Carrier,  natives  of  Connecti- 
cut and  Pennsylvania,  respectively,  lie  being 
the  oldest  of  their  five  children.  As  in  the  case 
of  many  other  country  boys,  his  opportunities 
for  acquiring  an  education  of  any  kind  were 
njost  decidedly  limited,  the  question  of  Ifving 
and  keeping  farm  being  of  far  greater  import- 
ance than  that  of  becoming  learned  and  well 
read.  It  was  with  him  the  same  old  story  of 
work  all  day  and  study  by  candle-light  in  the 
evening,  with  a  few  winter  terms  at  a  district 
school;  this  was  his  life  until  he  reached  eigh- 
teen years,  when  he  found  himself  wielding  the 
birch  as  a  teacher.  Then  ensued  the  usual 
routine  of  teacliing,  studying  and  working  for 
several  years. 

Mr.  Carrier  first  turned  his  attention  to  law 
in  187"2,  wdien  he  ■  commenced  studying  in  the 
law  office  of  Crosby  &  Brown,  at  Corry,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  1874  was  admitted  to  practice 
at  Modelia,  Minnesota.  In  1875  he  removed 
to  Worthington,  and  the  same  year  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  which  office  he 
held  for  eigiit  years,  during  which  time  he  was 
engaged  in  practicing  law.  He  then  removed 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  remained  five  years, 
being  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  Although  doing  well,  he  became 
imbued  with  the  restless  spirit  which  will  at 
times  come  over  the  average  Western  man,  and, 


HlSrORT    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


taking  Horace  Greeley's  advice  to  young  men, 
he  came  furtiier  West  to  AVashino;toii.  Locat- 
ing at  Itieliville,  lie  taught  school  and  also 
practiced  law  until  1888,  when  he  catne  to 
Spokane.  Here  he  at  once  established  himself 
in  practice  and  took  charge  of  the  abstract 
business  of  tiie  iii'm  of  J.  M.  Thompson.  In 
1892  he  was  a  candidate  for  City  Attorney  on 
the  People's  party  ticket,  but  was  defeated  after 
a  spirited  campaign  by  the  Kepublican  nominee. 

In  1869  Mr.  Carrier  married  Miss  Addie 
Mead.  They  have  three  children,  viz.:  Gertie 
M.,  wife  of  W.  J.  Walker,  a  nuwspajicr  man  of 
Spokane;  George  A.,  who  is  in  tiie  law  office 
with  Turner,  Graves  i\:  Mcivinstry;  and  Rob- 
ert H. 

]\[r.  Carrier  is  a,  meniber  of  Masonic  Lodge, 
Lodge  No.  101,  of  Worthingtoii,  Minnesota, 
and  of  Chapter  No.  28,  at  tiie  same  place.  His 
chui'ch  relationship  is   with   the  Presbyterians. 


---^•^ 


\/\/   ton,  was  I 
li  "1     July,  18c 


i-  SMITH,  of  Seattle,  Washing- 
is  l)orn  in  London,  England,  in 
dy,  1836,  the  only  child  of  Captain 
W.  Parry  and  Elizabeth  (Raymond)  Smith,  na- 
tives also  of  that  country.  The  father  folluwed 
the  sea  for  a  number  of  years,  and  liis  life  was 
early  sacrificed  in  the  line  of  duty,  as  he  died  of 
yellow  fever  while  in  port  on  the  coast  of  Africa. 
When  but  fourteen  years  of  age  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  adopted  the  occupation  of  his 
father,  and  sailed  as  cabin  boy  on  an  English 
vessel  engaged  in  trade  with  Cidna  an(J  the  East 
Indies.  Being  of  studious  haldts  young  Smith 
ascended  the  line  of  promotion  with  great 
rapidity,  and  before  reaching  his  twentieth  year 
became  mate.  His  early  service  was  on  English 
vessels,  but  a  little  later  he  sailed  under  the 
American  flag,  which  was  the  flag  of  his  sidise- 
(piently  adopted  country.  He  fii-st  visited  the 
Pacific  Coast  at  San  Francisco,  in  1^.51.  but  did 
not  make  the  coast  his  home  until  ten  years 
later.  Mr.  Smith  has  sailed  once  around  the 
world,  and  his  visited  nearly  every  important 
port.  His  first  naturalization  papers  were  taken 
out  in  1855,  while  living  in  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, where  he  was  engaged  in  steamboating 
about  the  gulf  and  river,  and  also  in  stevedor- 
ing on  the  water  front.  In  1868  he  returned 
to  San  Francisco,  was  employed  in  the  lumber 
trade  along  the  coast  and  Puo-et  Sound,  and  also 


in  pilot  boat  service  near  the  Golden  Gate.  In 
18r>41uu'aine  to  Pu^et  S.Mind,  was  etnplnyed  by 
the  I'nrt  Niadisnn  M  ill  Cnmpi.n  v  in  the  saw-miil 
at  Fsaladdy  until  1S70,  engaged  in  milling  in 
Seattle  one  year,  followed  farming  on  the 
Dwainish  river  for  a  short  time,  and  in  1873 
purchased  three  and  one-fourth  acres  of  land 
near  Seattle,  on  Lake  Union,  ins  present  home, 
atid  for  which  he  paid  |50  per  acre.  He  suc- 
ceeded in  paying  for  this  place  by  grubbing 
stumps  at  §1.50  per  day  and  boarding  himself. 
During  those  days  there  was  but  little  money 
in  the  country,  and  constant  work  was  required 
to  ])urchase  the  necessaries  of  life.  In  1878 
Mr.  Smith  took  the  contract  to  carry  the  mail 
from  Si'attle  to  Snoqualmie,  on  horseback,  a 
distance  of  forty-three  miles,  in  which  commis- 
sioner lie  continued  two  years.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  Constable  by  the  Re- 
publican party,  served  two  years;  was  then 
Deputy  Sheriff  five  years  under  Hon.  J.  H.  Mc- 
Graw;  Deputy  United  States  Marshal,  under 
Charles  Hopkins;  Deputy  Assessor  two  years 
under  W.  11.  Hughes,  and  since  that  time  Mr. 
Smith  has  followed  real-estate  business. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in  May, 
1867,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  F.  Porter,  a  native  of 
Maryland.  They  have  five  children,  namely: 
Elizabeth  M.,  now  Mrs.  C.  M.  Dasher;  Sarah 
E.,  wife  of  J.  Landgrafi";  WiUian:  T.;  Elizabeth 
F.  and  Hettie  May. 


\  1)   A.  P[JSEY,  Superintendent  of  Schools  of 
YII    Xing  county,    Washington,   was    boiMi  in 


Chamjjjugn    county,    Illinois,    November 
27,  1858! 

Reuben  Pusey,  his  father,  wvs  a  native  of 
Ohio,  and  when  a  boy  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Illinois,  they  being  among  the  first  settlers 
on  the  Sangamon  river.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Hawk,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  eighteen 
months  after  his  marriage  departed  this  life, 
leaving  a  widow  and  infant  son.  This  child,  V. 
A.  Pusey,  was  taken  by  his  grandmother,  with 
whom  he  remained  until  the  opening  of  the 
Civil  war,  when  the  home  was  broken  up  by  his 
uncles  going  into  the  army.  He  then  returned 
to  his  mother,  whose  untimely  death  occurred 
when  he  was  eleven  years  old.  Thus,  at  a 
tender  age,  he  was  thrown  upon  his  own  re- 
sources, 


HISTOBT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


From  necessity,  yonng  I'usey's  education  be- 
came secondary  to  his  efforts  in  sustaining  life, 
l)ut,  with  a  desire  for  knowledge,  he  improved 
every  possible  opportunity,  and  by  his  study  in 
thex-otnmon  schools  and  an  attendance  of  one 
year  at  the  seminary  at  Harveysburg,  Ohio,  he 
lifted  liimself  for  teaching,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  entered  that  profession.  By  hus- 
l)andins;  his  resources  he  was  enabled  to  enter 
Westfield  College  in  Clark  county,  Illinois, 
and  there  secured  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
Englisli  branches.  He  was  then  appointed 
Deputy  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Seventh  District  of  Illinois,  and  filled  that  office 
f(ir  eigliteen  months.  At  the  same  time  he 
studied  law,  and  in  1877  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  after  which 
he  entered  into  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Champaign,  that  State.  Afterward  he  removed 
to  Kansas,  where  lie  continued  in  the  practice 
of  law  until  1881.  That  year  he  went  to  Ne- 
osho, Newton  county,  Missouri,  and  resumed 
teaching,  and  the  following  year  he  was  made 
priiici])al  of  the  public  schools  of  that  place. 

In  1SS4  Prof.  Tusey  sought  a  location  in  the 
far  West.  Coming  to  Washington  Territory, 
he  settled  at  Farmington,  where  he  taught 
school  three  years  and  at  the  same  time  edited 
the  Farmington  Post.  In  the  summer  of  1887 
he  came  to  King  county  and  taught  the  school 
at  Franklin  Mines,  subsequently  becoming 
principal  of  the  schools  at  Black  Diamond. 
While  at  liie  latter  place  he  was  elected  Coun'y 
Superintendent  of  Schools  of  King  county.  In 
1890  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position,  le- 
ceiving  a  majority  of  3,800  votes,  and  in  the 
convention  of  1892  he  was  again  re-nominated, 
and  elected,  receiving  a  plurality  of  3,560. 

When  Prof.  Pusey  assumed  the  duties  of  his 
office  in  January,  1889,  there  were  5,000  chil- 
dren of  school  age  in  the  county,  120  teachers, 
and  very  few  school  buildings  worthy  of  men- 
tion. Each  district  had  only  about  three  or 
four  months  of  school,  the  same  teacher  having 
cliHrge  of  two  or  three  schools  during  the  year. 
With  the  increase  of  population  there  are  now 
(1893)  16,831  children  of  school  age,  323  teach- 
ers, and  the  school  districts  have  increased  from 
i-ixty-eight  to  113.  The  old  buildings  have 
largely  been  replaced  by  commodious  new  ones 
and  the  system  of  instruction  has  been  greatly 
improved.  The  corps  of  teachers  represents 
nearly  every  State  in  the  Union,  many  of  them 
being  graduates  of   State    normal    schools,    and 


by  the  annual  system  of  institute  work  adopted 
by  Prof.  Pusey  the  course  of  instruction  is  be- 
coming more  and  more  advanced.  Prof.  Pusey 
is  engaged  in  this  work  with  enshusiastic  devo- 
tion. Tiiough  his  earnest  and  persistent  efforts 
is  being  perfected  a  system  of  instruction  that 
is  unsurpassed  by  any  other  county  or  State. 

The  Professor  resides  at  Yesler,  on  Union 
Bay,  where  he  owns  forty  acres  of  land  and 
where  he  has  erected  a-  spacious  and  elegant 
home.  He  was  married  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
in  1878,  to  Miss  Amand  M.  Pusey,  a  native  of 
Illinois.  They  have  had  three  children,  only 
one  of  whom  is  liviuir. 


F'  A.  TWICHELL,  County  Auditorof  King 
county.  Washington,  was  born  in  W^ash- 
^  ington  county,  Minnesota,  Novemljer  15, 
1860.  ilis  father,  Ebenezer  C.  Twichell,  was 
born  in  Oswego  county,  New  York,  and  was 
married  to  Miss  Polly  A.  Twichell.  of  llie  same 
county  arid  name,  thought  not  related.  Their 
ancestors  were  English  people  who  emigrated 
to  New  England  at  the  time  of  the  Puritan  set- 
tlement of  that  country.  Ebenezer  C.  Twiclieli 
was  a  mechanic  by  trade,  l)ut  his  chief  occupa- 
tion was  farming,  which  he  followed  in  Illinois 
from  1853  to  the  fall  of  1854.  Then  he  re- 
moved to  Minnesota,  where  he  passed  the  rest 
of  his  days.  His  life  was  characterized  by  sim- 
plicity, honesty  and  industry.  While  he  affili- 
ated with  the  Kepublican  party,  he  never  en- 
tered actively  into  the  political  arena. 

F.  A.  Twichell  attended  the  district  school  of 
his  county  until  he  was  thirteen,  when  he  en- 
tered the  high  school  at  Hastings,  Minnesota, 
employing  the  unoccupied  moments  before  and 
after  school  and  on  holidays  at  the  usual  drudg- 
ery of  farm  work,  of  which  there  was  always 
plenty  to  do.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began 
self-support  and  also  assisted  in  helping  his 
family,  as  his  father  had  become  an  invalid. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  began  teaching. 
His  first  school  was  a  disorderly  frontier  one,  in 
which  tiie  pupils  had  been  masters  of  tiie  situa- 
tion. 'Upon  assuming  authority  therein,  he  es- 
tablished rules  of  discipline  and  etiquette,  soon 
became  the  ruling  influence,  and  completed  his 
service,  which  however,  entirely  satisfied  hira 
with  school-teaching.  He  next  entered  a  gro- 
cery   store   as    clerk,   and    remained  three  years 


HISTOllY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Then  lie  went  into  tlie  paper  and  notion  store  of 
W.  P.  Stanley,  of  Hastings, — now  of  Seattle, — 
anil  in  1884  became  the  manager  of  the  store, 
meanwhile  redncing  the  stock  preparatory  to  re- 
moving to  Seattle,  which  he  did  in  January, 
1885.  Mr.  Twichell  continued  in  the  employ 
of  Mr.  Stanley  up  to  March,  1887,  and  at  that 
time  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Auditor  of  King 
county.  Ho  acted  as  deputy  till  the  fall  of 
1890,  when  he  received  the  unanimous  nomina- 
tion of  the  Hepublican  County  Convention  for 
the  tirst  place,  and  was  elected  Auditor  at  the 
November  election  with  a  handsome  majority. 
Tlie  office  also  combining  that  of  Hecorder, 
Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners, 
and  purchasing  agent  for  King  county  institu- 
tions, its  routine  work  necessitated  the  employ- 
ing of  a  force  of  from  fifteen  to  forty  men.  Mr. 
Twichell  performed  the  several  duties  with  such 
promptness  and  fidelity  that  at  the  convention 
in  1892  he  was  the  unanimous  choice  for  re- 
election, and  was  re-elected  by  the  largest  vote 
and  majority  of  any  candidate  on  the  county 
ticket.  He  hai  also  served  two  terms  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  City  Council  of  Seattle. 

He  was  married  in  Hastings,  Minnesota,  in 
1881,  to  Estelle  M.,  daughter  of  W.  P.  Stanley. 
Their  only  child  is  Marjorie  A. 

]\[r.  Twichell  affiliates  with  the  subordinate, 
eneamptnent,  canton  and  Rebekah  degree  lodges, 
1.  O.  0.  F,,  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 


//  D.  BROWN,  attorney-law,  Spokane, 
i/  Washington,  was  born  in  the  Territory 
*'  ^^  of  Oregon,  in  1858.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Willamette  University  at  Salem,  that  State, 
where  he  took  a  commercial  course.  In  1873  he 
began  mercantile  life  in  Scio,  Oregon.  In  the 
spring  of  1880  he  removed  to  Klickitat  county, 
Washington,  but  one  year  later,  in  the  spring  of 
1881,  came  to  Spokane,  where  he  has  ever  since 
remained. 

Mr.  Brown  entered  the  law  office  of  Shaw  & 
Mallory,  of  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1876,  for  the 
purpose  of  reading  law,  from  which,  in  1886, 
lie  was  called  away  to  look  after  business  mat- 
ters. Mr.  Brown  again  took  up  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Nash,  Kinard  &  Murry,  at 
Spokatie,  Washington,  with  whom  he  remained 
until  the  fall  of  1888,  when  lie  determined  to 
attend  a,  law  school,  choosing   the   Cumberland 


University,  of  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  in  1888.  After  being  admitted  to 
practice  in  tiie  courts  of  the  State  of  Tennes- 
see, he  returned  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  tlie  courts  of  that 
State. 

Mr.  Brown  has  been  closely  identitied  with 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  beautiful  city, 
in  which  he  has  chosen  to  make  his  home,  deal- 
ing largely  in  real  essate.  Mr.  Brown  is  a 
young  man  of  ability  and  integrity,  and  very 
popular,  making  friends  wherever  he  goes.  He 
was  married,  in  1889,  to  Miss  Marie  L. 
Ayatte,  of  Montreal,  Canada. 

^-^-5^ 


AV.  REDHEAD,  in  the  employ  of 
Knapp,  Brunell  &  Company,  of  Spokane, 
¥i  AVusliington,  was  born  in  Ashtabula, 
Ashtal)ula  county,  Ohio,  in  1863,  a  son  of 
Henry  and  Henrietta  (Sinclair)  Redhead,  na- 
tives of  England  and  Pennsylvania  respectively. 
The  father  was  a  merchant  by  occupation. 

W.  W.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Ashtabula,  Ohio, 
and  while  in  that  city  he  was  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  businej^s  two  years,  and  in  a  railroad 
office  six  years.  In  1887  he  came  to  Spokane, 
Washington,  where  he  immediately  found  em- 
ployment with  Knapp,  Brunell  &  Company  as 
bookkeeper.  Four  years  later  he  was  promoted 
to  manager  of  the  company's  business  at 
Spokane,  snd  he  still  holds  the  position.  The 
main  office  of  tliis  company  is  at  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  they  also  have  branch  houses  at 
Colfax,  Walla  Walla,  Seattle,  Dayton,  Tacoma, 
Spokane,  Ellensburg,  Pullman,  Palouse,  Oaks- 
dale,  and  Davenport,  in  Washington;  and 
Athens,  Albany,  and  Island  City,  Oregon.  All 
of  the  branch  houses  in  eastern  Washington  are 
under  the  control  of  the  Spokane  house,  and 
they  now  have  an  annual  trade  amounting  to 
$300,000. 

Mr.  Redhead  was  married,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen years,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Sheldon,  a  native 
of  Youngstown,  Ohio,  and  they  have  had  four 
cl'.ildren:  Raymond,  aged  twelve  years;  Carl, 
ten  years;  Earl,  eight  years;  and  May,  four 
years.  Politically,  Mr.  Redhead  is  idesntified 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  socially  is  a 
member  of   the   Knights   of  Pythias.      He  is  a 


HIISTORY    OF    WAnaiNGTON. 


blight,  young  business  man,  and  by  liis  ability 
has  placed  the  business  of  the  company  he  repre- 
sents on  a  firm  and  secure  basis.  He  is  kind 
and  courteous  to  all,  a  characteristic  that  has 
won  him  many  friends  in  the  city  and  surround- 
ing country. 

"^    S.  WOLVERTON,  a  hardware  merchant 
of  Spokane,  was  born  in  Oregon,  in  1864, 
a  son  of  John  and  Mary  J.  (J^eely)  AVol- 
verton,  natives  of  Ohio  and    New   York, 
respectively. 

G.  S.,  the  subject  of  tliis  sketch,  and  the 
youngest  of  seven  children,  took  a  scientific 
course  at  the  Monmouth  College,  Oregon,  and 
was  valedictorian  in  the  class  of  1886.  He  also 
attended  the  Portland  College.  In  1886  Mr. 
Wolverton  located  permanently  in  Spokane, 
Washington,  although  he  was  a  property  holder 
in  this  city  in  1885.  In  (company  with  his 
brother,  A.  P.,  he  now  owns  the  Temple  Court 
block,  a  five-story  huililing.  one  of  the  largest 
and  finest  in  the  city,  lie  also  hohls  an  interest 
in  the  Wolverton  it  I'yrd  ilfirdware  Co.,  which 
is  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  city,  and 
is  located  in  a  fine  structure  on  Riverside 
avenue.  Mr.  Wolverton  is  erecting  a  residence 
in  Brown's  addition,  which  is  in  keeping  with 
progressive  ideas  and  social  standing. 

He  was  married,  in  1890,  to  Miss  Eva  B. 
Prosser,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  have  one  son, 
Ouy  S.,  aged  twenty  months.  In  his  political 
views,  Mr.  Woh^erton  is  a  Republican.  He  is 
one  of  the  wealthiest  young  men  in  Spokane, 
and  his  business  ability  is  beyond  question. 


— '^m 


'jPi)  EV.  B.  HELD,  Principal  of  the  School  of 
r^^    tlie  Sacred  Heart,  of  Spokane,  was  bom 
I     V\  in  Switzerland,   in    1851.      He  was  edu- 
■//  cated  at  the  Universities  of  Munich  and 

Vienns,  and  graduated  in  medicine  in  the  Medi- 
cal College  of  Zurich.  He  began  the  study  of 
theoli  gy  at  Salzburg,  Austria,  was  ordained  a 
prie.-t  in  1877,  and  was  then  pre'essorof  inatlie- 
niathics  and  music  in  Mount  Angel  College, 
Switzerland,  until  1882.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  the  .United  States,  and  first  took  charge  of  a 
])arish  in  Oregon  one  year,  was  procurator  of  a 
large    farm   and   sawmill   for    the     Benedictine 


Fathers  in  that  State,  three  years,  and  was  made 
director  of  the  Mount  Angel-  College,  located 
forty  miles  south  of  Portland.  Three  years  later 
Father  Held  came  to  Spokane,  where  he  was 
Chaplain  of  a  hospital  and  assisted  in  church 
work  one  yeai-,  and  then  started  his  present 
school.  He  erected  a  church,  and  bought  the 
high-.school  building  on  Fifth  street,  where  he 
now  has  a  membershipof  350  pupils,  and  teaches 
the  full  classical  course,  the  high  and  common 
school  branches.  They  make  a  specialty  of 
music  and  the  languages,  and  employ  four  sis- 
ters and  three  male  teachers.  The  school 
promises  to  become  one  of  the  most  successful 
in  the  city,  and  Father  Held  has  proved  himself 
an  able  manager  of  any  educational  institution. 
The  church,  founded  at  the  same  time,  is  also 
in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 


JOHN  TATE,  Notary  and  Justice  of  Medi- 
cal Lake,  and  one  of  its  pioneer  settlers, 
was  born  in  England,  in  1839,  the  eldest 
child  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Betts)  Tate, 
natives  also  of  that  country.  The  parents  came 
to  America  in  1856,  going  first  to  Northern 
Wisconsin,  but  soon  afterward  located  in  Cass 
county,  Iowa,  whei'e  they  were  among  the  early 
pioneers.  They  purchased  and  improved  Gov- 
ernment land.  The  father  died  in  1887,  but 
the  mother  still  resides  on  the  old  homestead 
with  her  two  daughters  and  one  son. 

John  Tate,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  attended 
school  in  England,  where  he  also  studied  civil 
engineering,  and  after  coming  to  this  country 
attended  school  in  Wisconsin.  After  removing 
to  Iowa  he  taught  school  there  several  terms, 
and  then  engaged  in  farming.  In  1873  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  near  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he 
remained  six  years,  and  then,  on  accoint  of  ill 
health,  came  to  what  is  now  the  town  of  Medi- 
cal Lake.  Mr.  Tate  was  one  of  the  first  campers 
on  the  bank  of  the  lake.  He  took  up  a  home- 
stead one  mile  from  the  lake,  later  purchased 
and  improved  a  quarter  section  of  railroad  land 
adjoining,  but  in  1888  embarked  in  the  real- 
estate,  insurance  and  collecting  business  in  the 
city,  which  he  still  continues.  He  was  the  first 
real-estate  agent  in  Medical  Lake,  and  now  makes 
many  sales.  In  addition  to  his  valuable  farms 
near  the  busy  and  growing  resort  of  Medical 
Lake,  he  also  owns  good   property   in  the  city. 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Politically,  he  is  an  active  Republican,  was  in- 
striiineiital  in  organizing  that  party  in  this 
county,  and  has  been  a  delegate  to  State  and 
county  conventions. 

In  1861  Mr.  Tate  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Jane  Davis,  and  they  had  eleven  children, 
namely:  Thomas  R. ;  Edna,  wife  of  Arthur  J. 
Cone,  of  Crescent  Park,  Washington;  Eliza,  a 
teacher  by  occupation;  Martha,  who  died  in 
youth;  Anna;  Seth,  a  printer  of  Pullman;  Ed- 
ward; John,  who  died  at  the  same  time  as  his 
mother,  aged  seven  years;  Ivy;  Roy;  and  one 
deceased  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Tate  died  September 
12,  1888.  Our  subject  takes  an  active  interest 
in  educational  matters,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
first  quarterly  conference  at  Spokane,  in  1880; 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  tlie  church  in  this 
city,  and  is  now  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school.  Mr.  Tate  has  been  a  pioneer  to  several 
State-,  but  has  seen  none  th^t  promised  such 
prosperity  as  is  now  coming  to  the  vicinity  of 
Washington,  where  he  has  made  his  home. 
There,  under  his  obfervation,  the  wilderness  has 
given  place  to  prosperous  towns  and  well  tilled 
fields.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  improvement 
and  public  affairs,  and  is  a  civil  officer. 

-- ^€(i"iP*^^ — 

D\R.  JOHN  M.  SEMPLE,  Superintendent 
j  of  the  Eastern  Washington  Hospital  for 
— -  the  Insane,  at  Medical  Lake,  was  born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  in  1857,  a  son  of  Andrew 
and  Catherine  (Matthews)  Semple,  natives  also 
of  that  country.  The  parents  came  to  America 
in  1868,  locating  in  Utica,  New  York,  where 
the  father  was  engaged  as  a  printer.  In  1882 
they  removed  to  Kansas,  and  are  still  residents 
of  that  State. 

John  M.,  the  fifth  of  nine  children,  attended 
private  schools  in  Scotland  until  coming  to  this 
country  with  his  parents,  after  which  he  was  a 
))npil  in  the  public  schools  of  Utica,  New  York. 
In  1872  he  began  learning  telegraphy,  and  soon 
became  an  operator  in  the  former  city,  also  at- 
tending school  at  night.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Albany,  where  he  secured  employment  in  the 
Mutual  Union  Office,  on  the  Baltimore  &  (^hio 
Riilroad,  aschief  operator, remaining  there  until 
the  spring  of  1882.  He  began  the  study  of 
medicine  in  1882,  as  a  private  student  of  Pro- 
fessoi-  Hailes,  and  the  following  year  was  ap- 
pointed   Clinical    Assistant   and    Apothecary  of 


the  Utica  Asylum.  In  the  fall  of  1884  he  re- 
sumed the  study  of  medicine  at  Bellevue,  New 
York,  from  which  college  he  was  graduated  in 
1886.  In  the  latter  year  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment in  the  State  Asylum  for  Insane 
(Jriminals  at  Auburn;  was  House  Physician  and 
Surgeon  one  year  in  the  King  County  General 
Asylum;  next  re-appointed  at  the  Asylum  in 
Auburn;  and  in  December,  1889,  came  to  Spo- 
kane, Washington.  Dr.  Semple  was  engaged 
in  a  general  practice  one  year,  and  then,  at  the 
opening  of  the  Eastern  Washington  Asylum, 
was  appointed  to  his  present  position.  Under 
his  charge  the  death  rate  has  been  but  three  per 
cent.,  and  the  recovery  of  patients  thirty  per 
cent.,  which  is  a  high  average  for  such  institu- 
tions. The  Doctor  was  a  delegate  from  this 
State  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medico- 
Psychological  Society  at  Washington,  District 
otColumbia,  May3,  1892. 

He  was  married  in  1890,  to  Miss  Almira 
Bennett  Clary,  a  native  of  Auburn,  New  York, 
and  a  daughter  of  John  L.  Clary.  To  this  union 
has  been  born  one  son,  John  Clary.  Mrs.  Sem- 
ple is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  So- 
cially, the  Doctor  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Masonic  order.  Dr.  Semple  is  well  qualified 
for  his  position  as  the  head  of  such  an  institu- 
tion, as  his  study  and  practice  since  beginning 
his  profession  luis  been  in  a  great  degree  of 
metital  diseases,  and  he  has  been  among  snch 
patients  in  the  most  e.xtensive  institutions  in 
the  land.  The  Eastern  Washington  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  under  Dr.  Semple's  charge,  is  not 
only  well  kept  and  excellently  disciplined,  but 
is  noted  for  its  cleanliness. 


ON.  JAMES  O'NEILL,  who  has  long 
been  identified  with  the  growth  and 
development  of   the  great  Northwest,  is 


JH   .     - 

lf^  now  State  Senator  of  the  Second  District. 

comprising  the  counties  of  Spokane  and 
Stevens. 

Mr.  O'Neill  was  born  in  Schenectady  county. 
New  York,  in  1826,  the  oldest  in  the  family  of 
five  children  of  James  E.  and  Elizabeth  (Marsh) 
O'Neill.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
and  his  mother  of  New  York.  Grandfather 
Jamei  O'Neill  came  to  America  in  1812,  Hrst 
settled  ii^i  New  York  city,  and  afterward  moved 
to  Schenectady  county,  where  he  spent  the  rest 
of  his  life  and  died.     He  was  a  tanner  by  trade. 


U I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Grandfather  Silas  Marsh,  a  native  of  Connecti- 
cut, was  also  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Schenectady 
county.  He  kept  a  hotel  and  a  fine  farm.  His 
death  occurred  in  that  county.  James  E. 
O'lSTeill  was  fifteen  years  old  when  he  went 
with  his  father  to  Schenectady  county,  and  in 
that  county  he  spent  his  life.  He  built  a  store 
at  Duanesburg,  conducted  business  there  from 
1819  to  1876,  and  died  in  1878.  His  wife 
lived  until  1887  or  1888. 

James  received   his  education  in  the  public 
schools    and    in    the    Albany    and     Gallupville 
academies.     He  began  clerking  in    his  father's 
store,  and  was  afterward  employed  as  clerk  in 
Albany  until   1849,  when  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness for  himself  as  a  provision   merchant.      In 
1851  he  went  to  New  Yurk,  and  conducted  a 
similar  business  in  that  city  until   1853.     That 
Tear  he  came  West,  making  the  journey  via  tlie 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  and   upon'  his  arrival    in 
Oregon,  located  in  Oregon  City.    He  was  agent 
for  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  until  the  fall  of   1857. 
After  a  visit  to  New  York   in   1858,  he  settled 
in  Portland   in  1859,  and   engaged   in   business 
there  until  1861.     He  was  soon   afterward  ap- 
pointed teacher  and  superintendent  of  the  Nez 
Perces,   and    was    in    charge    of    that    tribe    of 
Indians  until  1868.     Then  he  returned  to  New 
York,  again  engaged  in   the  provifion   business 
there,  and  remained  until   1878.     Coming  back 
to    Washington    that    year,    he   was   appointed 
farmer  for   the  Coeur  d'  Alene  Indians,  which 
position  he  tilled  until   1887,  and  during   that 
time   materially  advanced   the  iiiterests    of  the 
Indians.     He  resigned  in   1887.     He  had  also 
been  Postmaster  of  Che-we-lah  for  some  time, 
and    that    position    he    resigned    the   following 
year.     In   1881    he   was   representative   to   the 
Territorial     Legislature     from      Stevens     and 
Spokane    counties.      In    1888    he    was   elected 
County  Auditor  of  Stevens  county,  filling   the 
office  two  years.     In   the  fall   of   1889  he   was 
elected  to  "his  present  position,  that  of   Senator, 
for  a  term  of  four  years.     While  a  member  of 
the    Territorial    Legislature    he    put    the    bill 
through,  incorporating  Spokane  Falls  in    1881. 
In  the  Senate  he  is  now  serving  as  chairman  of 
the  Committees  on  Indian   Affairs  and    Mines 
and  Mining,  and  is  also  a  member  of   the  Com- 
mittee on   Internal   Improvements. 

The  Major,  as  he  is  familiarly  called,  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  political  affairs. 
At  his  majority  he  was  a  Whig,  and  cftntinued 
as    such     until     the     Republican     party     was 


organized.  In  1855  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
first  Whig  convention  ever  held  in  Oregon, 
held  at  Corvallis.  He  was  one  of  the  leading 
spirits  at  Oregon  City  all  the  time  he  resided 
there.  In  1856  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Port- 
land, and  in  1857  was  re  elected  to  the  same 
position.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Seattle 
Convention  in  1892. 

Mr.  O'Neill  was  married,  in  1849,  to  Miss 
Caroline  M.  Grinnell,  a  native  of  New  York. 
She  died  in  1871,  leaving  one  child,  Kate,  now 
the  wife  of  W.  W.  Tompkins,  of  New  York 
city. 

A  great  reader,  an  extensive  traveler,  a  close 
observer  of  men  and  affairs,  possessing  a  genial 
disposition,  being  a  good  converser  and  having 
a  fund  of  reminiscences,  he  is  indeed  an  agree- 
able and  entertaining  gentleman.  He  was  a 
citizen  of  two  Territories  when  they  were 
vested  with  the  dignity  of  Statehood,  has  wit- 
nessed the  various  changes  which  have  taken 
place  on  the  Pacific  coast  during  the  past  four 
decades,  and  has  not  ordy  been  a  witness  to 
these  changes  but  has  also  taken  an  active  pait 
in  them,  aiding  materially  in  advancing  the 
best  interests  of  the  great  Northwest.  As  jinb- 
lic  official,  municipal,  county  and  State,  he  has 
discharged  his  trust  with  the  strictest  fidelity 
and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  bis  constituents. 

^-€^-.¥ 

GHAULES  B.  DUNNING,  a  member  of 
I  the  Spokane  county  bar,  iuid  a  man  who 
—  for  several  years  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  various  interests  of  Spokane, 
was  born  at  Smithville,  New  York,  January  16, 
1840.  His  father,  John  Dunning,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  went  to  Ireland  when  a  young  man, 
and  was  there  married  to  Miss  Ellen  McKay,  a 
native  of  the  Emerald  Isle.  Immediately  after 
his  marriage  he  sailed  with  his  bride  for 
America,  landing  at  New  York  about  1831  or 
1832,  and  soon  afterward  settling  in  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  where  he  now  resides,  hav- 
ing renched  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-three, 
still  being  in  the  enjoyment  of  excellent  health. 
He  owns  a  fine,  well-improved  farm  there.  Mr. 
Dunning's  mother  died  in  1873. 

Charles  B.  made  the  best  use  of  the  edu- 
cational advantages  afforded  him,  and  at  the 
early  age  of  fifteen  years  began  teaching  school. 
He  subsequently  entered  Cincinnatns  Academy, 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


in  Cortland  county,  New  York,  taking  a  full 
course  aud  graduating  iu  the  spring  of  1862. 

In  August  of  the  same  year  he  graduated, 
Mr.  Dunning  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  New  York 
Cavalry,  then  going  to  the  front,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  being  mustered  out 
in  Virginia,  June  7,  1865.  lie  served  under 
Generals  Butord,  Wilson  and  Custer  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  was  under  Sheridan  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  during  that  time 
participated  in  many  of  the  most  important 
battles  of  the  war.  Twice  he  was  wounded:  at 
Brandeth  Station,  in  Virginia,  in  1863,  he 
received  a  bullet  wound  in  his  leg,  and  while  in 
hospital  was  promoted  as  Sergeant;  iu  1864,  at 
Waynesborongli,  Virginia,  he  received  a  sabre 
cut  in  the  knee. 

The  war  over,  he  returned  home,  and  the 
following  two  years  studied  and  taught  school, 
being  in  poor  healtii  during  that  time.  He  was 
then  engaged  in  various  occupations  until  the 
fall  of  1879,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  West. 
Landing  in  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  that 
winter,  be  pre-empted  a  soldier's  claim  and 
bought  other  property,  improved  the  same, 
and  was  engaged  in  stock  raising  there  for  six 
years.  For  the  past  six  years  he  and  his  family 
have  been  residents  of  Spokane,  and  the  proba- 
bility of  his  leaving  this  city  of  his  own  free 
will  is  slight.  Since  coming  here  he  has  served 
the  city  in  the  capacity  of  Municipal  Judge  and 
as  Justice  of  the  Beace,  in  the  meantime  being 
admitted  to  the  bar.  While  in  office  he  tried 
more  than  5,000  cases,  and  it  is  a  fact  worthy 
of  record  that  not  a  dozen  of  thena  were  ever 
appealed  to  a  higher  court.  Mr.  Dunning  is 
interested  in  the  McCabe,  Johnson  &  Co. 
hardware  business,  has  invested  in  the  city  of 
Hudson,  a  beautiful  town  site  on  the  Columbia 
river,  and  is  also  interested  in  a  number  of 
mining  camps.  He  has  always  been  a  worker 
in  the  ranks  of  the  Kepublican  party,  and 
since  coming  to  Washington  has  served  as  dele- 
gate to  the  State  Convention.  He  is  a  member 
of  Sedgwick  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  at  this  writing 
is  Assistant  Adjutant  General  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Washington  and  Alaska. 

Mr.  Dunning  was  married,  in  1867,' to  Miss 
Josephine  Heller,  of  McDonough,  New  York, 
and  he  and  his  wife  have  had  three  children: 
William  H.,  who  died  in  1887;  Anna  A.,  an 
artist  and  a  graduate  of  Mt.  Carroll  Seminary, 
lUinoid;  and  Mary  E.-  The  family  are  members 
of   the    Unitarian  Church,  of    which    Mr.  Dun- 


ning is  Trustee  and  Treasurer.  A  gentleman  of 
tine  appearance  and  pleasing  address,  frank 
and  cordial  with  all  he  meets,  an  earnest  and 
efiicient  worker  in  whatever  he  undertakes, 
Mr.  Dunning  is  as  popular  as  he  is  useful. 

'^■^^-^ 

F'llANK  A.  BAIITLETT,  proprietor  of 
of  tlie  mercantile  house  of  C.  C.  Bart- 
^  lett  &  Co.,  aud  one  of  the  most  popular 
business  men  of  Port  Townsend,  Washington, 
was  born  in  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  April 
23,  1859.  He  is  the  only  child  of  Charles  Car- 
roll and  Mary  (Kane)  Bartlett,  of  English-Irish 
ancestry.  The  progenitors  of  the  Bartlett  fam- 
ily emigrated  from  England  to  New  England 
about  1634,  and  a  descendant,  Josiah  Bartlett, 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

Charles  Carroll  Bartlett,  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketcii,  was  born,  reared  and  educated 
in  Keimebunk,  Maine.  He  afterward  went  to 
Massachusetts,  where  he  learned  to  manufac- 
ture boots  and  shoes,  which  business  he  fol- 
lowed uninterruptedly  until  1864.  In  this 
year  he  embarked  from  New  York  city  on 
the  steamer  Golden  Age  for  Aspinwall,  with 
San  Erancisco  as  his  ultimate  goal.  Arriving 
at  Aspinwall,  he  crossed  the  Isthmus  to  Panama 
and  embarked  on  the  steamer  Golden  Gate  for 
San  Francisco,  but  the  steamer,  becoming  dis- 
abled on  the  way,  it  was  towed  into  port  by  the 
steamer  Northern  Light.  Mr.  Bartlett  then 
sailed  on  the  brig  Monitor  for  Puget  Sound, 
and  landed  at  Port  Discovery,  August  1,  1864. 
He  shortly  afterward  crossed  to  Port  Townsend, 
where  he  opened  the  Washington  Hotel,  which 
he  managed  successfully  two  years.  He  then 
jKirchased  the  general  merchandise  store  of 
Francis  W.  James  and  continued  in  that  busi- 
ness until  1871,  when  he  sold  his  interest  to 
Mr.  James.  Mr.  Bartlett  then  bought  the  store 
and  stock  of  Hastings  Brothers,  and,  increasing 
the  general    stock,  conducted    it  profitably  for 


nine  years. 


At  the  end  of  this  time,  in  1880, 


he  erected  the  present  handsome  stone  business 
block,  containing  two  stores,  55  x  100  feet,  which 
cost  $50,000.  When  completed  he  moved  his 
stock  into  it,  and  in  company  with  his  brother, 
F.  Albert  Bartlett,  and  his  son,  Frank  A.,  he 
oi-ganized  the  firm  of  C.  C.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  re- 
tii-ing  from  the  active  management  of  the  busi- 


UlbTOUT    Oh'    W^V<HINGTON. 


iiess  shortly  afterward,  lij  1883  he  opened  a 
trading  post  at  Juneau,  where  he  engaged  in 
sahnon-packing  and  mining  operations;  which 
he  continued  about  eight  years.  In  1888  he 
repurchased  the  interest  of  F.  Albert  Eartlett 
in  the  store,  the  lirm  name  continuing  the  sairie. 
Besides  his  individual  biisiness  enterprises,  Mr. 
Bartlett  found  time  to  take  an  active  interest  in 
the  development  of  his  adopted  and  favored 
city.  Its  citizens  in  turn  sought  to  secure  the 
benefit  of  his  long  and  varied  experience  in 
public  ali'airs  by  electing  him  to  a  number  of 
responsible  oflices.  He  served  them  faithfully 
and  efficiently  for  a  number  of  years  in  each 
of  the  following  offices:  County  Treasurer  and 
County  and  Pilot  Commissioner.  He  died  in 
January,  1893,  aged  fifty-live  years,  leaving  his 
widow  and  only  child,  Frank  A.  Bartlett,  to 
perpetuate  his  nauje  and  inherit  his  fortune. 
The  sense  of  loss  which  his  death  occasioned 
was  not  confined  to  members  of  his  family,  for 
his  charity  had  been  no  less  extensive  than  his 


•prise 


and   many    survived    to    bless    h: 


meniMiy,  while  his  community,  which  he  had 
benetittd  l>y  jiublic  eounsel  and  wise  adminis- 
tiatioii  of  its  affairs,  realized  it  had  experienced 
u  deep  calamity. 

Frank  A.  Bartlett,  the  subject  of  thh  sketch, 
SOD,  survivor  and  perpetuator  of  an  honored 
irarae,  was  about  five  years  of  age  wlien  he  ac- 
companied his  father  and  mother  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  thus  early  becoming  initiated  in  the  hard- 
siiips  of  pioneer  life.  He  was  reared  in  Port 
Townsend  and  educated  in  her  public  schools 
and  at  Bishop  Scott's  grammar  school  at  Port- 
land, Oregon.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he 
entered  his  lather's  store  as  clerk,  there  learn- 
ing those  practical  lessons  in  mercantile  affairs 
which  has  been  the  foundation  of  a  wide  ex- 
perience and  great  prosperity.  Three  years 
later,  on  attaining  his  majority,  he  became  a 
partner  in  the  firm  and  also  general  manager 
of  the  business,  a  deserved  tribute  to  his  ability 


and 


energy. 


That  this  confidence  was  not  mis- 


placed is  proved  by  the  steady  progress  of  the 
business  to  its  present  large  ])roportions,  its 
operations  being  in  general  merchandise  and 
shipehandlery. 

In  1880   Mr.    Bartlett  was   married    to   Miss 
Leila 


an   intelligent   and    accomplished 

lady,  daughter   of  James  Seavey,  a  well-known 

pioneer  of  the   Northwest,   and   they  have  two 

children:  Charles  Carroll  and   Francis  Merrill. 

In  politics  Mr.  Bartlett  is  a  Kepublican,  and 


has  done  meritorious  service  in  a  number  of 
public  offices  of  trust.  He  was  six  years  County 
Treasurer,  two  years  a  member  of  the  City 
Council,  and  for  some  time  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  Puget  Sound.  He  has  al- 
ways stood  ready  to  aid  the  business  enter- 
prises of  his  community,  and  his  known  finan- 
cial ability  and  integrity  have  placed  him  in 
prominent  positions  in  these  undertakings.  He 
was  lour  years  president  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Puget 
Sound  Telegraph  Company,  director  of  Port 
Townsend  Mill  Company,  president  of  the  Port 
Townsend  Steel,  Wire  and  Nail  Company,  and 
has  taken  an  active  interest  in  organizing  the 
Port  Townsend  Gas  and  Fuel  Company,  and  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  representative  busi- 
ness men  of  the  Key  City  of  Puget  Sound. 


LEMUEL  P.    HOLE,  of   Spokane,  Wash- 
I    ington,  was    born   in    Ohio,  in    1861);   his 
^   parents,  Lemuel  and  Unity   C.  (Stanley) 

Hole,  natives  of  Virginia.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  Damascus  Academy,  at  Damas- 
cus, Ohio,  and  in  the  Mount  Union  College  at 
Mount  Union,  that  State.  He  was  tlien  en- 
gaged in  the  loan  business  at  Maukato,  Kansas, 
three  years;  followed  the  fame  occupation  at 
Huron,  Dakota,  three  years,  and  then  came  to 
Spokane,  Washington,  where  he  has  since  been 
engaged  in  that  business.  Mr.  Hole  has  a  fine 
residence  at  2212  Dean  Avenue,  which  is  furn- 
ished *ith  all  the  modern  improvements.  So- 
cially, he  is  a  member  of  the  Uniformed  Rank 
and  Myrtle  Lodge,  No.  14,  K.  of  P. 

He  was  married  in  1886  to  Miss  Sarah  E. 
Cooper,  a  native  of  Ohio.  Mr.  Hole  is  a  thor- 
ough student,  is  posted  in  all  the  details  of  his 
business,  and  is  kind  and  alfable  to  all  with 
whom  he  is  brouglit  in  contact. 


|V7I[    M.   COWLEY,  president  of  the  Trad- 
\\jI\\    *^^'^'  National  Bank  of  Spokane,  Wash- 
I       4i    ingtot),  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1841,  and 
■f/  came  to  the  United  States  in   1856,  lo- 

cating in  Rochester,  New  York.  In  1858  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  in  which  State 
he  remained   until  the  fall  of  1861,  when    he 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASJINGTON. 


333 


went  to  Hillsborougli,  Oregon,  and  remained 
there  that  winter.  Tlie  next  spring  he  moved 
to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  and  has  made  this 
State  liis  home  ever  since. 

He  started  a  general  merchandise  store  at 
Spokane  Bridge,  seventeen  miles  east  of  Spo- 
kane, in  L872,  and  did  nearly  all  kinds  of  busi- 
ness, at  that  point  continually  until  1879,  when 
he  removed  to  Spokane,  and  has  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  that  city  since  its  first 
house  was  built.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Traders'  National  Bank,  which  was 
founded  in  1885;  was  its  cashier  for  years,  and 
is  DOW  its  president.  Under  his  management 
its  capital  has  been  increased  from  ,$75,000  to 
$200,000,  and  the  bank  is  considered  the 
soundest  financial  institution  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Cowley  was  married  in  Walla  Walla, 
Washinu;ton,  in  1873,  to  Miss  Annie  Connelly, 
a  native  of  Ireland.  They  have  two-daughters, 
namely:  Mary  Frances,  aged  seventeen  years, 
and  Nellie  B.,  ao;ed  fifteen, — both  attending 
fcchool  (the  Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart)  in 
San  Francisco,  California. 

Mr.  Cowley  is  largely  interested  in  real  es- 
tate in  and  around  Spokane;  is  a  Democrat  iu 
his  political  views,  and  in  his  religious  connec- 
tions he  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 
He  is  loved  and  respected  by  all  who  know 
him,  and  there  is  probably  no  man  in  tb.e  State 
more  thoroughly  posted  in  the  early  history  of 
this  locality  than  he. 

'^'^^^ 

IVIfUTON  E.  NUZUM,  a  prominent  young 
I  \||    lawyer  of  Spokane,  Washington,  is    the 
I     li    son  of    Rev.    G.   W.   Nuzuin.   a   distin- 
T/  guished    Methodist    divine  of   Viroqua, 

AVisconsin,  where  Nuton  was  born  April  28, 
1862. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  graduated  in  the 
high  school  at  Mazo  Mauie,  Wisconsin,  and  en- 
gaged in  business  for  himself,  but  shortly  af- 
terward entered  the  service  of  Phelps,  Dodge  & 
Palmer,  of  Chicago,  one  of  the  larbest  boot  and 
bhoe  houses  in  the  world,  as  a  traveling  sales- 
man, and  remained  witii  them  until  the  spring 
of  1887.  In  September,  1889,  he  visited  this 
city  and  was  attracted  to  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness tlien  so  flourishing.  He  immediately 
opened  a  real-estate  office  and  soon  became  one 
of  the  best  posted  and  most  successful  real-es- 


tate men  in  tiie  city.  Later  he  took  charge  of 
the  business  interests  of  John  Burke,  the  Lesv- 
iston  and  Tacoma  banker. 

Mr.  Nuznm  had  always  manifested  an  ajUi- 
tude  for  the  profession  of  law,  and  even  while 
in  business  had  always  given  his  leisure  to  its 
study.  Early  in  1891  he  was  brought  into  fre- 
quent association  with  Mr.  Thomas  C.  Gritfitts, 
who,  recognizing  his  ability  and  energy,  se- 
cured him  for  business  associate  and  manager. 
As  a  result  the  firm  has  greatly  prospered,  and 
Mr.  Nuzum  has  won  the  assurance  of  a  brilliant 
future.  His  firm  probably  manages  greater 
trusts  than  any  other  in  the  State. 


CHARLES  E.  HALE,  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Tacoma  Grocery 
Compatiy,  has  taken  a  part  in  building 
up  the  commercial  interests  of  Tacoma  that  can- 
not be  ignored  in  the  history  of  the  State  in 
which  tlaat  city  is  such  an  important  center. 
There  is  no  single  institutution  in  the  city 
which  has  done  more  to  give  Tacoma  prestige 
in  the  territory  and  in  tlie  channels  of  com- 
merce from  which  it  derives  its  support,  than 
this  important  company.  Mr.  Hali  has  been 
the  chief  factor  in  j^lacing  the  concern  in  the 
position  it  now  occupies,  yet  this  is  but  one  of 
the  many  avenues  through  which  he  has  aided 
in  building  up  the  city.  For  these  reasons,  a 
mention  of  his  career  and  origin  becomes  inter- 
esting and  valuable  in  connection  with  the 
chronicle  of  the  later  development  of  this 
region. 

Charles  E.  Hale  was  born  in  Spencer,  Massa- 
chusetts, July  14,  1848,  and  was  re.-ired  to  man- 
hood there,  receiving  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon and  high  scIjooIs  of  the  town.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  years,  he  began  a  life  of  usefulness  as 
an  apprentice  to  the  jeweler's  trade,  at  which 
his  time  was  occupied  for  four  years,  the 
last  year  as  a  finished  workman.  He  then  went 
West,  and  in  the  city  of  Lafayette,  Indiana,  en- 
tered the  employ  of  O.  W.  Pierce  &  Company, 
wholesale  grocers.  Nine  years  with  that  house 
gave  him  a  knowledge  of  that  line  of  business, 
embracing  a  complete  mastery  of  all  the  details 
of  its  handling,  and  with  this  essential  experi- 
ence and  the  means  he  had  accumulated,  durincr 
its  acquirements,  Mr.  Hale  embarked  iu  the 
wholesale  grocery  business  at  Lafayette  on* his 


UISTOHY    OF     WASaiNOrON. 


own  account.  Three  years  of  constant  applica- 
iion  in  the  building  up  of  his  business,  left  him 
with  Ileal th  broken,  and  to  regain  his  wonted 
strength  and  energy,  he  decided  upon  closing 
out  his  interests  there,  and  going  south  for  a 
period  of  recuperation.  This  object  having 
been  accomplished,  he  selected  Peoria,  Illinois, 
as  a  location  for  his  re-entry  into  business,  and 
for  seven  years  he  was  one  of  the  prominent 
wholesale  grocers  of  that  important  jobbing 
point.  In  January,  1887,  Mr.  Flale  came  to 
Tacoma  to  cast  his  lot  with  that  promising 
young  city,  and  opened  a  wholesale  grocery  es- 
tablishment, which  was  merged  into  the  Tacoma 
Grocery  Company,  incorporated  in  August, 
1888.  of  which  he  was  then  chosen  President,  in 
which  capacity  he  has  since  ably  served  its  in- 
terests. Of  this  concern  it  is  unnecessary  to 
speak  at  length;  it  is  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  the 
city. 

JNo  enterprise  is  undertaken  in  Tacoma  with- 
out soliciting  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Hale;  to  all 
that  promise  substantial  benefits  to  its  interests, 
his  encouragement  is  freely  given.  In  many 
undertakings  he  has  taken  the  initiative.  He  is 
a  chai'ter  member  of  Tacoma's  Union  Club,  and 
is  an  important  unit  in  the  composition  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  Commercial 
Club,  with  both  of  which  organizations  he  has 
worked  bravely  and  untii'ingly  for  Tacoma. 
These  reniarks  are  Init  the  just  and  unvarnished 
tribute  of  liibtury,  brietly  stated. 

Mr.  Hale  was  married  in  Lafayette,  Indiana, 
to  Miss  Fanny  Taylor;  her  father,  William 
Taylor,  figures  in  the  history  of  Cincinnati  as 
the  first  white  child  born  upon  the  site  of  that 
city. 


'JPy)    H.  THiOMSON,  Civil  Engineer  of  the 
r^C^    city   of  Seattle,   Washington,  is.  one  of 
I     V^   the  progressive  and  enterprising  young 
•f/  men  of  the   Northwest.     As  such  it  is 

fitting  that  some  personal  mention   be   made  of 
him  in  this  work. 

R.  H.  Thomson  was  born  in  Hanover,  In- 
diana, in  18l;6,  son  of  Samuel  H.  and  Sophronia 
(Clifton)  Thomson,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The 
Thomson  family  originated  in  Scotland.  Will- 
iam C.  Thomson  went  from  Glasgow  about 
1720  to  Donegal  county,  Ireland,  from  whence 
his  son,  James  Thomson,  and  his  family  emi- 
grated to  this  country  in    1771   and    settled  in 


Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania.  From  that 
place  their  descendants  spread  out  ovei'  the 
United  States,  some  of  them  being  farmers  and 
others  ministers,  lawyers,  doctors  and  engineers. 
The  Cliftonsare  descended  from  French  Hugue- 
nots, who  came  to  this  country  at  an  early  day. 
Samuel  H.  Thomson  was  a  ecientist  and  edu- 
cator, and  for  thirty-two  years  was  Professor  of 
Astronomy  and  Mathematics  at  Hanover  Col- 
lege, covering  the  period  from  184-t  to  1876. 
During  this  period  there  were  conferred  upon 
him  the  honorary  degrees  ot  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.  and 
LL.  D.  He  resigned  his  position  there  in  1876, 
and  the  following  year  came  to  California  and 
settled  at  Healds-burg,  where  for  four  years  he 
conducted  the  Healdsburg  Institute.  Fie  died 
in  1882,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his  age.  His 
widow  is  still  living,  having  reached  her  sev- 
enty-third year.  They  had  nine  children,  four 
of  whom  are  now  living,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  being  the  youngest  son. 

Mr.  Thomson  was  educated  in  the  Hanover 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  1877,  receiving 
at  graduation  the  degree  of  A.  P.,  and  more 
recently  the  degree  of  A.  M.  Engineering  had 
been  a  specialty  in  his  course  of  study.  He 
came  to  California  with  his  parents  in  1877, 
and  taught  in  the  mathematical  depaitment  of 
the  Healdsburg  Institute  until  1881.  That 
year  he  came  to  Seattle,  arriving  here  Septem- 
ber 26,  the  city  at  that  time  comprising  a  pop- 
ulation of  about  3,500.  Mr.  Tliomson  found 
employment  in  the  oifice  of  F.  H.  Whitworth, 
City  and  County  Surveyor,  and  in  1882  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  him  under  the  firm 
name  of  Whitworth  &  Thomson.  They  con- 
ducted a  general  line  of  engineering  in  railroad, 
mining  and  city  work.  From  August  188i, 
until  August,  1886,  Mr.  Thomson  was  City 
Engineer,  and  during  that  time  drew  the  plans 
for  the  construction  of  the  Union  street  sewer. 
This  was  the  first  sewer  constructed  in  Seattle 
oil  thoroughly  modern  principles,  and  has  been 
the  pattern  for  much  subsequent  work.  He 
also  drew  plans  for  and  superintended  the  con- 
struction of  the  Grant  street  bridge,  which  is  a 
roadway  twenty-six  feet  wide  and  two  miles 
long,  built  on  trestle  across  the  tide  flats  south 
of  the  city,  connecting  the  city  with  the  manu- 
facturing districts. 

In  December,  1886,  the  firm  of  Whitwoith 
&  Thomson  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Thomson  be- 
came the  locating  engineer  of  the  Seattle,  Lake 
Shore  &   Eastern  Railroad,  tilling  that  position 


nisrouY  OF   wasiiinoton. 


until  March,  1889.  The  country  was  roiioh,  in 
many  places  making  railroad  work  almost  im- 
possible, but  his  lines  were  adopted  on  many 
miles  of  main  line  west  of  the  mountains.  In 
March,  1888,  he  went  to  Spokane  Falls,  on  the 
eastern  division  of  the  road,  and  located  the  two 
crossings  of  the  Spokane  river,  and  the  line  of 
road  through  that  city,  and  also  had  charge  of 
the  construction  of  that  part  of  the  road,  and  of 
the  depot  and  terminals.  With  the  completion 
of  that  work  he  returned  to  Seattle  and  organ- 
ized the  engineering  firm  of  R  H.  Thomson 
&  Co.  After  one  year  the  linn  changed  to 
Thomson  &  White,  continuing  in  a  general  line 
of  work.  In  1890  Mr.  Thomson  was  appointed 
United  States  Deputy  Mineral  Surveyor  for 
Washington,  giving  particular  attention  to 
the  iron  deposits  of  the  Cascade  mountains. 
In  June,  1891,  he  was  appointed  County  Sur- 
veyor, which  position  he  resigned  in  May,  1892, 
to  accept  the  appointment  ot  City  Engineer  of 
Seattle,  the  partnership  of  Thomson  &  White 
being  dissolved  at  this  time.  As  City  Engineer 
he  has  had  under  construction  two  sewer  tun- 
nels, each  one  mile  long,  connecting  the  interior 
valleys  with  the  bay.  These  tunnels  were  ex- 
ceedingly difficult  to  handle,  running  as  they 
did  through  material  of  a  glacial  deposit  con- 
sisting of  clay  intermixed  with  water,  gravel 
and  quicksand,  at  a  depth  of  135  to  285  feet 
under  cover.  Thete  works  have  been  cairied  to 
a  successful  completion  by  Mr.  Thomson,  al- 
tiiough  many  skilled  men  believed  success  to 
be  impossible. 

In  1883  Mr.  Thomson  was  married,  in  Cali- 
lornia,  to  Miss  Addie,  daughter  of  James  Laugh- 
lin,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Sonoma  county. 
They  have  two  childi'cn,  James  Harrison  and 
Marion. 

He  is  a  member  of  no  societies,  but  is  a  de- 
voted believer  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church,  as  were  his  forefatbei-s  lor  many 
generations. 

[  ON.  C.  CROSBY,  a  representative  pio- 
neer of  Washington,  dates  his  advent  to 
the  State  as  early  as  1851.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  the  growtli  and  prosperity  of  Thurston 
and  Lewis  counties.  When  the  industries  of 
milling  and  manufacturing  were  in  their  in- 
fancy he   gave   every   encouragement   to    those 


f^ 


undertaking  their  establishment.  He  justly  has 
the  distinction  of  being  the  pioneer  merchant 
of  Centralia,  but  inasmuch  as  many  of  the  en- 
terprises with  which  he  has  been  connected  are 
mentioned  at  length  on  other  pages  of  this 
volume,  this  sketch  will  be  confined  to  his  per- 
sonal history. 

The  place  of  his  birth  is  East  Brewster, 
Massachusetts,  and  the  date  January  6,  1888. 
His  parents,  Clanrick  and  Phebe  H.  (Fessen- 
den)  Crosby,  were  also  natives  of  Massachusetts, 
and  were  descendants  of  old  and  influential 
New  England  families.  Clanrick  Crosby  was 
a  seafaring  man,  and  was  commander  of  the 
brig  Grecian,  the  vessel  in  which  the  family 
sailed  around  Cape  Horn  to  California  in  1849. 
After  some  time  in  the  poit  of  San  Francisco, 
Captaic  Crosby  continued  his  voyage  north  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  disposed  of  his  in- 
terest in  the  vessel  and  gave  up  his  command. 
The  following  year  (1850)  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton and  purchased  property  where  the  town  of 
Tuniwater  now  stands;  there  he  engaged  in 
milling  and  prosecuted  other  enterprises  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  in  1875. 

C.  Crobby,  son  of  the  above,  is  the  eldest  of 
a  family  of  six  children;  he  was  a  student  in 
the  schools  of  Forest  Grove,  Oregon,  and  also 
at  Tumwater,  where  the  family  joined  the  father 
in  1852.  After  leaving  school  he  engaged  in 
business  with  his  father,  and  remained  at  Tum- 
water until  1874;  he  then  located  permanently 
at  Centralia  and  embarked  in  mercantile  trade, 
which  he  has  continued  to  conduct  with  marked 
success  through  a  long  term  of  jears.  He 
was  elected  County  Commissioner  of  Thurston 
county  in  1865,  and  for  nine  years  served  as 
Postmaster  of  Centralia,  discharging  the  duties 
of  this  office  with  rare  fidelity.  In  1885  he 
was  joint  Councilman  in  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, the  district  he  represented  comprising 
Lewis  and  Thurston  counties.  He  has  been 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  City  ('ouncil,  and 
has  rendered  the  couimunity  most  excellent 
service  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 
For  many  years  he  has  given  especial  attention 
to  the  educational  facilities  afforded  the  youth 
of  the  State,  and  has  done  much  to  elevate  the 
standard  in  his  county. 

Besides  his  mercantile  business,  Mr.  Crosby 
has  other  investments  that  have  proven  very 
profitable;  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  fac- 
tors in  the  development  of  the  native  resources 
of   both  Thurston  and    Lewis  counties,  arid  is 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


highly  esteemed  by  all  classes  of  citizens.  Po- 
litically lie  adheres  to  the  principles  of  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  of  the  order  of  Good  Fellows. 

He  was  married  at  Tumwater,  December  23, 
1863,  to  Miss  Martha  Ward,  of  Stark  county, 
Illinois,  and  of  this  union  four  children  have 
been  born:  Walter  E.  and  Fannie  (wife  of  T.  J. 
Horner)  survive;  those  deceased  are  Carrie  E. 
and  Ella  M.,  who  was  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  H. 
Peter. 


IIARLES  S.  WEST,  superintendent  and 
State  agent  of  the  Columbia  River  Paper 
Mills,  is  a  resident  of  La  Camas.  Al- 
though tlie  mills  are  located  in  this  State,  the 
industry  is  really  an  Orei^on  enterprise,  and  is 
owned  almost  exclusively  by  Portland  capital. 
The  plant  was  established  about  eight  years 
ago,  and  is  now  worth  about  $250,000.  The 
mills  are  located  at  one  of  the  most  picturesque 
points  along  the  Columbia  river,  are  among  the 
largest  on  the  coast,  and  their  product  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  those  of  any  of  the  leading 
paper  mills  in  the  country.  They  give  em- 
ployment to  about  eighty  men,  without  in- 
cluding thofe  engaged  in  getting  out  cotton- 
woo'd  for  the  pulps.  They  consume  about  3,000 
cords  of  wood  annually  for  pulps  alone.  The 
mills  run  continuously  day  and  night,  and  are 
lighted  by  their  own  electric-light  system. 
Mr.  West,  who  superintends  the  entire  plant, 
has  spent  his  entire  life  in  the  manufacture  of 
paper,  as  has  also  his  father,  who  is  an  expert 
in  the  business.  The  latter  was  at  particular 
pains  to  extend  to  his  son  his  full  knowledge, 
and  the  result  is  that  our  subject  is  familiar 
with  the  entire  process,  and  has  pa  c"d  through 
every  department.  He  works  continually  tor 
the  npl)uilding  of  the  reputation  of  the  com- 
pany, quickly  adapts  any  new  ideas  that  will 
tend  to  improve  the  quality  of  the  products  of 
the  mill,  and  to  him  the  company  owe  much 
for  the  reputation  they  enjoy  on  the  coast  as 
manufacturers  of  superior  paper. 

Charles  S.  West  was  boi-n  in  Massachusetts, 
March  2J:,  ISiT,  a  son  of  George  W.  and  Laura 
A.  (Smith)  West.  The  father  was  born  in  En- 
gland in  1822,  and  came  to  America  in  1844. 
The  mother  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and 
her  death  occurred  the  same  year  as  our  sub- 
ject's birth.    Charles  S.,  his  parents'  only  child. 


was  reared  and  educated  in  Massachusetts,  and 
in  e;)rly  life  began  the  business  which  he  has 
since  continuously  followed.  He  served  as  su- 
perintendent of  the  Vandalia  Mills,  of  Illinois, 
live  years;  held  a  similar  position  at  Batavia 
four  years,  and  has  live  years'  experience  with 
the  Turner  Falls  Mills,  of  Massachusetts.  Mr. 
West  took  charge  of  the  La  Camas  plant  in 
February,  1890,  and  through  his  efforts  the 
property  and  products  have  been  brought  to  a 
high  state  of  perfection. 

At  Watertown,  Xew  York,  P'ebruary  11, 
1868,  Mr.  West  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Margaret  A.  Green,  a  native  of  tliat  State. 
They  have  three  living  children:  George  C, 
emjiloyed  in  the  mill;  Catherine  C,  wife  of 
F.  F.  Pittock,  a  journalist,  and  connected  with 
the  Daily  Oregonian;  and  Laura  A.,  at  home. 
The  deceased  children  are  Joseph  and  Mary  A. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  West  is  a  stanch  and 
active  Republican.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with 
the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  now  tills  the  official  chair 
in  the  East  of  La  Camas  blue  lodge,  No.  75. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  Chapter  No.  9,  of  Van- 
couver, AYashington. 


J[ON.    ROBERT    C.    HILL,    an    honored 


pioneer    of   Puget    Sound,   Washington, 
41    and  cashier  of  the  First  National   Bank 


H 

•^  at    Port    Townsend,    was    born  at  Hat- 

borough,  Pennsylvania,  September  14,  1829. 
His  parents.  Dr.  John  H.  and  Eliza  L.  (Davis) 
Hill,  were  natives  of  Delaware  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, respectively.  His  father,  Dr.  Hill, 
practiced  medicine  in  Hatborough  until  1836, 
when  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  engaged 
in  the  drug  business. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  that  City  of 
Brotherly  Love,  and  when  seventeen  years  of 
age  entered  mercantile  life  as  clerk  in  a  dry- 
goods  store,  later  being  employed  by  the 
Richardson  ManufacturingCompany,  with  which 
corporation  he  continued  until  1848.  He  then 
joined  his  father  in  New  Jersey  and  engaged 
in  the  milling  business.  In  the  nieantime, 
gold  having  been  discovered  in  California,  the 
country  was  thrown  into  great  excitement, 
and  among  others  who  hastened  to  the  Golden 
State  were  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  his  father 
and  two  brothers,  Nathaniel  D.  and  Humphrey. 


UISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Tliey  embarked  in  1850  via  the  Panama 
route,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  July  of  the 
same  year.  The  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
notice  there  opened  a  lumber  yard,  and  Robert 
acted  as  clerk  in  connection  with  this  enterprise 
for  a  year.  Being  desirous,  however,  of  trying 
his  fortune  in  the  mines,  Kobert  went  to 
Salmon  river,  where  a  short  experience  satisfied 
him  that  the  work  was  too  laborious,  and  he 
returned  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  grain  and  feed  business.  In  1852  he  be- 
came manager  of  his  brother  William's  ranch 
in  Sonoma  Valley,  and  in  February,  1853, 
removed  to  Whidby  island,  whence  his  brothers, 
JN'athaiiiel  D.  and  Humphrey,  had  settled  in  the 
previous  year.  Mr.  Hill,  of  this  notice,  there 
located  a  claim  adjoining  that  of  Colonel  Eby, 
and  at  once  engaged  in  farming.  This  peaceful 
occupation  was  interrupted  by  the  Indian  war 
of  1855-'56,  during  which  he  was  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  Major  Van  Bokkelen,  of  the 
Northern  Battalion,  whose  operations  were  on 
Snoqualmie  prairie  and  along  the  Snohomish 
river.  He  alterward  served  three  years  as 
Clerk  of  the  United  States  District  Court  of 
the  Third  Judicial  District,  over  which  Judge 
E.  C.  Fitzhugh  presided,  and  which  was  the 
first  court  held  in  Coveland,  on  Whidby  island, 
and  which  was  later  transferred  to  Port  Town- 
send. 

In  1861  Mr.  Hill  resigned  his  position,  and 
went  on  a  prospecting  tour  through  Califoi-nia 
and  Nevada,  in  which  States  he  followed  quartz- 
mining  for  six  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time 
he  once  more  returned  to  his  farm  on  Whidby 
Island.  Siiortly  after  his  arrival  here,  he  was 
elected  Auditor  and  Probate  Judge  of  Island 
county,  both  of  which  offices  he  held  for  four- 
teen years,  rendering  in  these  capacities  able 
service  to  the  country,  his  administration 
being  characterized  by  uprightness  and  impar- 
tiality. At  tiie  end  of  this  time  he  resigned  and 
removed  to  Port  Townsend,  where  in  the  spring 
of  1883  he  became  associated  with  Colonel 
Henry  Landis  in  the  establishment  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  in  which  Mr.  Hill  became 
cashier,  the  duties  of  which  position  he  has 
since  discharged  with  efficiency  and  honor. 
His  energies,  however,  have  not  been  confined 
to  the  requirements  of  that  position  alone;  on 
the  contrary  there  are  few  commercial  inter- 
ests in  Port  Townsend  which  have  not  felt  the 
invigorating  effect  of  his  enterprising  spirit. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  stockholders  of  the 


Port  Townsend  Southern  Railway  Company; 
Port  Townsend  Sawmill  Company;  Port 
Townsend  Hotel  Company;  Steel  AVire  &  Nail 
Works;  the  first  street  railroad;  aud  many  other 
enterprises.  He  owns  much  valuable  and 
improved  business  and  residence  property  in 
Port  Tiiwnsend  and  many  acres  of  realty  about 
the  Sound,  and  is  altogether  one  of  the  most 
suiistantial  men   of  the  community. 

February  21,  1875,  Mr.  Hill  was  married  in 
Olympia,  Washington,  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Phil- 
lips, an  estimable  lady,  widow  of  Charles  C. 
Phillips,  a  prominent  pioneer  of  1852.  Mr. 
Phillips,  on  coming  to  the  Sound  country,  first 
settled  at  Tulalip,  where  he  built  a  sawmill, 
but  some  time  later  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness at  Oak  Harbor  on  Whidby  island,  where 
he  remained  until  his  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hill  have  four  children:  Albert  C.  Phillips, 
Robert  H.,  William  H.,  and  Harry  C.  Hill,  all 
promising  young  Washingtonians. 

Politically,  Mr.  Hill  is  a  Democrat,  but  not 
particularly  active  in  public  afJ'airs,  other  than 
availing  himself  of  his  right  of  franchise  and  in 
supporting  home  govern tnent,  being  void  of 
personal  ambition  for  office.  He  is  fraternally 
a  member  of  the  thirtieth  degree,  Scottish 
Rite  Masons,  of  which  oi-der  he  is  Fast  Grand 
Master  in  Washington.  He  is,  socially,  popu- 
lar and  genial,  is  upright  in  every  department 
of  life,  and  as  a  citizen  is  characterized  by 
liberality  and  public  spirit. 


"nPliOMAS  LAVERY  is  of  Irish  and  Eug- 
11  lish  parentage,  and  was  born  in  Middle- 
Jl  bury,  Vermont,  August  24,  1841.  A 
•fJ  year  or  two  after  his  birth  the  family, 
comprising  eleven  children,  moved  to  Valatia, 
New  York,  where  the  ijoy  was  put  to  work  in 
a  cotton  mill.  Thence  they  moved  to  Williman- 
tic,  Vermont,  where  he  was  similarly  employed, 
and  later  to  Albany,  New  York,  where  he 
worked  in  a  fish  market  with  which  was  con- 
nected a  saloon,  and  it  was  there  that  h<!  ac- 
quired a  tabtf  f.  irli(pior  which  afterward  brought 
him  so  much  misery  and  disgrace.  In  1854 
the  family  removed  to  Chicago,  where  the 
mother  opened  a  boarding-house.  Her  hands 
were  too  full  of  daily  cares  and  duties  for  her  to 
keep  a  strict  eye  on  a  boy  of  Tom's  active  and 
vivacious  nature,  and   he    seemed   to  have  taken 


UI6T0RT    OF    WASUINOTON. 


charge  of  liis  own  affairs  by  associating  with  ad- 
ventursoiue  youths,  who  brouglit  him  only  evil 
and  the  fearful  knowledge  of  the  streets.  Of 
other  schooling  he  had  but  little,  though  his 
quick  perceptions,  and  in  later  years  his  eager 
thirst  for  knowledge,  largely  supplied  this  want. 
For  a  while  he  was  in  the  employment  of  a  phy- 
sician, Dr.  McVicker,  of  the  Marine  Hospital, 
where  he  picked  up  much  information  that  was 
useful  to  him  in  his  after  experiences.  Leaving 
the  good  doctor,  he  found  work  in  the  quarries, 
where  he  became  so  proficient  at  the  work  that 
he  was  sent  south  to  assist  in  building  a  levee 
around  a  plantation  in  Louisiana,  lieturning  to 
Chicago,  he  found  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  em- 
ployment, but  the  habit  of  drink  was  by  this 
time  firmly  fixed,  and  his  earnings  were  squan- 
dered in  bar-rooms.  Generous  to  a  fault,  kind- 
hearted,  a  good  singer  and  story-teller,  he  had 
hosts  of  friends,  and  was  regarded  by  all  as  a 
'•  good  fellow,"  which  he  says  is  "  anotlier  name 
for  a  fool." 

In  the  spring  of  1861,  President  Lincoln  is- 
sued his  call  for  75,000  troops  to  put  down  the 
Southern  rebellion.  Tom's  opportunity  had 
come.  At  that  time  he  was  working  in  the  en- 
gine-room of  the  Mechanical  Bakery.  He  says: 
"  I  went  on  top  of  the  boilers,  threw  the  weight 
off' of  the  safety-valve,  pulled  the  tire  out  from 
under  the  boilers,  stopped  the  machinery  and 
ran  down  to  enlist,  leavinj^  a  liundred  men  and 
over  idle."  He  enlisted  in  the  Twelfth  Illinois 
Infantry,  Company  A,  and  went  to  Camp  Yates, 
Springtield,  Illinois.  There  the  regiment  was 
formed,  Lavery  beiug  indefatigable  in  his  ef- 
forts to  fill  up  his  company.  At  the  expiration 
of  three  months'  service,  he  immediately  set  to 
work,  together  with  the  late  Fire  Marshal  D. 
B.  Kenyon,  to  raise  a  company  for  the  Fifty- 
seventli  Illinois  Infantry.  Kenyon  was  Captain 
and  Lavery  was  afterward  appointed  color-cor- 
poral, in  which  position  he  fought  in  the  battles 
of  Fort  Henry,  Fort  Donelson  and  Shiloh. 
In  the  last-named  battle  he  distinguislied  hiui- 
self  for  bravery,  and  was  regarded  as  a  hero  by 
his  regiment.  It  had  made  a  desperate  but  un- 
successful charge  upon  the  enemy,  when  it  was 
discovered  that  a  stand  of  colors  had  not  been 
taken.  Lavery,  with  nine  others,  started  to  take 
them,  he  alone  returning,  wounded  nearly  unto 
death. 

His  wounds  kept  him  in  the  hospital  for 
about  six  weeks.  He  then  returned  to  Chicago, 
and    as  soon  as  able  began   to   recruit  for  ids 


regiment.  Returning  to  the  array,  he  reached 
Corinth  October  2,  1862,  his  wounds  being  not 
then  fully  healed.  The  battle  of  Corinth  oc- 
curred on  the  following  day,  and  he  remained 
with  his  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war,  re 
ceiving  several  scratches  and  also  a  wound  on 
the  forehead  from  a  spent  ball  at  the  battle  of 
Bentouville,  North  Carolina. 

After  the  war  Lavery  returned  to  Chicago 
and  engaged  In  the  saloon  business,  keeping  four 
diflferent  saloons  in  as  many  years.  The  last 
place  he  kept  was  at  107  West  Kinzie  street, 
and  was  a  low  dive  known  as  the  "  Well,"  a  re- 
sort for  hardened  and  unsavory  characters.  It 
is  needless  to  sayhe  was  by  this  time  a  hard  and 
steady  drinker.  With  many  manly  qualities, 
and  having  a  kind  and  generous  disposition,  he 
fast  became  so  besotted  by  drink  that,  according 
to  all  human  judgment,  there  was  no  hope  for 
him.  Lavery 's  dissipation  had  now  gone  so  far 
that  he  wholly  neglected  his  business,  which  he 
put  a  summary  end  to  by  selling  out  his  license 
and  fixtures  and  going  on  a  protracted  spiee. 
Why  prolong  the  sad,  pitiful  tale?  Why  follow 
this  poor,  friendless,  homeless  man  through  his 
wretched  and  woful  experience?  The  sequel 
will  show. 

On  December  4.  1881,  Lavery  drew  his  pen- 
sion and  rented  two  rooms  on  North  Halsted 
street.  His  wife,  who  was  and  is  an  earnest 
Christian  woman,  again  besought  him,  as  she 
ha  1  done  so  many  times  before,  to  break  the 
spell  of  his  evil  habits  and  begin  a  new  life;  and 
again,  as  before,  he  promised  to  make  a  brave 
strike  for  freedom  and  manhood.  He  did  not 
know  it;  it  was  too  much  to  hope  for,  but  the 
hour  of  deliverance  was  at  hand.  Near  his 
lodgings  on  Halsted  street  Ben  Hogan  at  this 
time  was  carrying  on  a  mission.  Thither  on  the 
evening  of  December  13,  1881,  Mrs.  Lavery 
conducted  her  husband's  unsteady  steps.  A 
more  unpromising  object  was  probably  not  in 
the  room  that  night  than  the  subject  of  our 
sketcii.  He  entered  and  took  a  seat  in  front  of 
the  speaker, — an  earnest  man  wlio  was  telling 
his  experience  as  a  drunkard  and  prize-tighter, 
and  liow  lie  had  been  saved  by  the  gracious 
power  of  God.  Tom  understood  that  language. 
It  was  not  fine  and  flowery,  but  it  was  direct 
and  to  the  point.  It  was  preaching  straight 
from  the  shoulder.  Looking  across  the  room, 
he  saw  a  boon  companion,  and,  for  a  wonder,  he 
was  sober  and  seemed  mightily  interested  in  the 
services.     Then  after  the  evangelist's  talk  there 


inSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  s-inging,  and  that  touclied  Tom  again,  for 
he  was  a  singer,  too.  The  tears  were  in  his  eyes 
and  a  big  Ininp  in  liis  throat  and  a  inigiity  pur- 
pose struggling  in  his  heart.  An  invitation  for 
those  who  desired  prayers  was  given,  and  '-Hick- 
ory," as  Lavery  had  been  dubbed,  was  on  his 
I'eet  in  an  instant,  and  he  who  entered  tiiat  room 
a  wretched,  defiled  sinner,  went  o;it  a  happy, 
purified  soul. 

On  Easter  Snnday  of  the  following  year  he  be- 
came a  member  of  one  of  the  churches  of  Chi- 
cago, of  which  he  has  since  been  an  earnest  and 
useful  member;  his  inlerest,  of  course,  was  es- 
pecially strong  in  men  who  were  striving  to 
break  from  the  teriible  bondage  of  drink,  and 
though  his  nieans  were  humble,  he  would  take 
them  to  his  house,  minister  to  their  necessities, 
and  point  out  the  way  of  salvation.  In  1884, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lavery  had  charge  of  the  day  nur- 
sery at  368  South  Clark  street,  C!hicago,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  "Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance Union,  Mr.  Lavery  looking  after  the  desti- 
tute people  in  that  section  of  the  city,  distribut- 
ing clothing  and  speaking  to  tlie  drinking  men 
words  of  advice  and  counsel,  and  opening  to 
them  the  word  of  God.  In  1855-'56  he  had 
charge  of  the  Bethel  Home  mission,  in  which 
position  he  accomplished  much  good. 

He  is  chaplain  of  the  Fitty-seventh  Veteran 
Volunteers,  and  quietly  and  understandingly, 
in  a  straightforward  and  manly  fashion,  tells  his 
old  comrades  and  others  what  the  Lord  has  done 
for  him.  At  present  he  is  engaged  in  evangel- 
istic work  and  is  meeting  with  large  success. 
His  words  are  reognized  at  once  as  those  of  one 
who  knows  whereof  he  speaks,  and  from  the  re- 
sults of  his  labor  in  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa  and 
other  places,  his  friends  predict  for  him  increas- 
ing success  in  his  Master's  vineyard.  May  the 
Lord  keep  him  and  bless  him  in  his  work! 


JlAMES  W.  COCHRAN,  one  of  the  pio- 
h'  J  neers  of  the  State  of  Washington,  was  born 
's^in  Boone  county,  Missouri,  April  3,  1831, 
was  reared  and  educated  in  that  county,  receiv- 
ing oidy  a  common-school  education  in  the 
schools  of  that  locality.  His  father,  John  (i. 
Cochran,  was  a  native  of  Madison  county,  Ken- 
tucky, born  in  1799,  and  his  grandfather,  Will- 
iam   Cochran,  was  a  native  of  Virginia  who  re- 


moved to  Missouri  when  John  G.  was  but 
seventeen  years  of  age.  After  Mr.  Cochran  be- 
came of  age  he  was  married  to  Miss  Delina  Jane 
Wilcox,  also  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  then 
took  up  160  acres  of  land  in  Boone  county,  near 
Rocheport,  improved  this  place  and  made  it  his 
home  as  long  as  he  lived.  He  died  in  1865,  at 
the  age  of  sixty-four  years,  his  wife  having  pre- 
ceded him  in  1856,  at  the  age  of  forty-eight. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cochran  had  a  family  of  ten 
children,  of  whom,  our  subject,  James,  was  the 
fourth,  and  tiiere  are  yet  seven  survivors,  all 
approaching  advanced  age.  Our  subject  was 
married  in  Missouri  in  1853,  to  Miss  Jane 
Goodwin,  of  Randolph  county,  Missouri,  and 
b(  gau  his  business  career  Ijy  taking  a  homestead 
and  using  the  money  which  his  father  gave 
him  "to  prove  x;p  his  claim.  Here  he  lived  for 
a  number  of  years,  but  Mrs.  Cochran  died  in 
1857,  leaving  her  husband  with  two  children. 
They  are  now  both  grown.  Delilah  J.  marridl 
R.  1).  Calvert,  now  of  Boone  county,  Missoiii'i; 
and  John  W.  now  lives  in   California. 

Our  subject  married  again,  December  27, 
1859,  espousing  Mrs.  Cyntlia  A.  (Angel)  Moss, 
also  a  native  of  Boone  county.  She  had  one 
daughter,  Ida,  who  died  at  the  age  of  thirty- 
six.  After  our  subject  had  farmed  for  several 
years  and  saw  that  his  efforts  did  not  bring 
him  the  returns  he  desired,  he  concluded  to  re- 
move to  the  coast  country,  not  deterujining  just 
where  he  would  stop.  Hence  he  fitted  himself 
with  three  yoke  of  oxen,  one  yoke  of  cows  and 
a  wagon,  and  sold  his  farm  for  what  he  could 
realize  out  of  it.  On  April  14, 1864,  he  started 
with  his  family  to  cross  the  plains.  Five  months 
of  weary  travel,  with  incidental  hardship, 
brought  them  to  Grand  Ronde  valley,  Oregon, 
September  14,  1864,  and  here  they  remained 
for  one  month,  and  then  moved  to  Walla  Walla 
valley.  They  remained  a  short  time  there  and 
then  went  to  the  Willamette  valley  in  Oregon, 
where  he  remained  one  year;  but  not  liking  the 
country  as  well  as  he  wished  for  a  plate  where 
he  should  made  his  permanent  home,  he  re- 
turned to  the  beautiful  Walla  Walla  valley. 
Here  he  arrived  without  a  cent  of  money,  and 
his  team  had  dwindled  down  to  one  yoke  of  oxen 
and  an  old  wagon.  He  took  up  a  claim  at  the 
head  of  Dry  creek,  where  he  lived  until  he  had 
proved  np  and  deeded  his  land.  He  then  sold 
and  went  down  the  creek  a  few  miles,  where  he 
bought  367  acres  of  the  land  where  he  now 
lives.      At  the  present  he  owns   670  acres  ten 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


miles  from  Walla  Walla  ailjoiniiig  Dixie,  a  nice 
little  towu  which  has  grown  up  since  his  loca- 
tion here. 

Our  subject  and  his  boys  do  all  the  fanning 
and  raises  on  an  average  ^,000  bushels  of  grain 
yearly.  Like  many  others  among  the  success- 
ful farmers  of  Washington  our  subject  has  made 
his  fortune  since  coming  here.  Many  men  miss 
their  opportunities  and  others  know  how  to 
seize  them.  The  great  opportunity  of  our  sub- 
ject was  his  location  in  this  State,  and  bis  good 
judgment  taught  him  what  kind  of  land  to  se- 
lect, and  industry  and  economy  hive  done  the 
rest.  Not  only  has  be  a  fine  farm,  but  he  has 
just  completed  a  large  and  handsome  residence 
which  would  do  credit  to  any  farming  commun- 
ity in  the  State. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cochran  have  a  fine  family  of 
sturdy,  manly  sons,  all  of  whom  are  yet  at 
home.  Their  names  are,  Isadore,  Adelbert, 
George,  Samuel  and  Jesse.  They  manage  the 
farm  and  desire  their  father  to  take  his  ease. 
He  has  made  one  visit  to  his  native  State.  In 
1890  he  took  his  good  wife  across  the  country 
they  had  once  gone  over  with  so  much  trial,  and 
continued  back  to  the  old  home  on  a  visit  to  the 
old  acquaintances  who  were  left.  It  took  but 
four  days  to  cover  the  distance  that  they  had 
consumed  five  months  in  crossing,  and  on  the 
way  were  tine  farms  where  twenty-eight  years 
before  wild  animals  were  roaming.  The  trip  was 
enjoyable  in  many  ways.  Our  subject  was  Post- 
master of  Di.xie  for  eight  years,  this  being  the 
only  public  office  he  has  ever  held.  Politically 
lie  is  a  Democrat. 


Q 


EORGE.  W.  KUMMER,  one  of  the  re- 
ll'  presentative  business  men  of  Seattle,  was 
I  born  in  Alleutown,  Pennsylvania,  July  6, 
^  1851,  a  son  of  Jacob  Kummer,  a  native 
of  Berne,  Switzerland.  The  father  removed  to 
the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  childhood, 
locating  in  AUentown,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  reared  and  educated.  After  reaching  years 
of  maturity,  he  carried  on  a  prosperous  business 
in  farm  produce,  shipping  from  AUentown  and 
Philadelphia  to  New  York.  Through  a  dishon- 
est partner,  he  lost  a  large  amount  of  money, 
which  so  prayed  upon  his  mind  and  so  shattered 
his  health  that  he  never  fully  recovered.  Mr. 
Knmmer  married  Miss  Rebecca  Ilantsbi4ro;er,  a 


native  of  Virginia.  In  1854  the  family  removed 
to  Summit  county,  Ohio,  where  he  operated  a 
small  weaving  factory. 

George  W.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
mained with  his  parents  to  the  age  of  eight 
years,  when  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  cattle  man, 
and  for  three  years  followed  that  occupation 
through  western  Ohio  and  eastern  Indiana. 
At  the  age  of  eleven  years  he  was  apprenticed 
to  a  farmer,  his  wages  being  paid  in  corn  to  his 
father,  and  he  received  plenty  of  work  but  few 
privileges.  From  the  etfects  of  hard  labor  his 
iiealth  was  so  broken  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years 
that  six  physicians  pronounced  iiis  recovery  as 
hopeless.  With  indomitable  spirit  and  perse- 
verance Mr.  Kummer  then  went  to  Akron,  Ohio, 
and  applied  for  a  position  with  the  Beacon  Pub- 
lishing Company,  entering  their  office  as  print- 
er's devil,  at  $3  per  week,  paying  the  same 
amo'mt  for  meals  at  a  colored  man's  restaurant, 
and  sleeping  on  a  table  in  the  publishing  office. 
By  extra  work  he  was  soon  enabled  to  make  a 
little  money,  which  he  invested  in  books  and,  by 
attending  a  night  school,  he  thus  began  his  ed- 
ucation. By  iiard  and  incessant  study  he  ad- 
vanced rapidly,  and  at  the  end  of  hissec  >nd  year 
with  that  company  was  asked  to  go  into  the  ed- 
itorial room  as  reporter.  Mr.  Kummer  held  that 
position  three  years,  which  was  followed  by  three 
years  as  bookkeeper  in  the  business  office,  three 
yeai-s  as  foreman  of  the  composing  room,  ten 
years  as  city  editor  of  The  Akron  Daily  Beacon 
and  latef  as  managing  editor.  While  holding 
the  latter  positions  he  was  also  correspondent  for 
eleven  of  the  leading  daily  newspapers  of  the 
Ea~t,  furnishing  and  wiring  an  average  of  10,- 
UOO  words  per  month  during  ten  years. 

With  his  multitudinous  duties,  Mr.  Kummer 
ao-ain  suffered  from  ill  health,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1889  he  souglit  a  change  of  climate  in  Portland, 
Oregon,  where  he  acted  as  business  manager  of 
the  Pacific  Christian  Advocate  for  five  months. 
He  then  came  to  Seattle,  to  accept  the  position 
of  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Puget  Sound 
Fire  Clay  Company,  which  opened  a  new  field 
for  study  and  research.  Quickly  foreseeing  the 
possibilities,  he  entered  zealously  into  the  study 
of  chemistry  and  the  analysis  of  clay  formations, 
and  with  the  organization  of  the  Denny  Clay 
Company,  April  1,  1892,  he  became  one  of  the 
incorporators,  and  was  duly  elected  Secretary 
and  General  Manager.  The  company  own  tiieir 
own  coal  and  clay  mines  at  Kummer  and  Tay- 
lor, stations  on   the  Columbia  and  Puget  Sound 


HISIORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Railroad,  transporting  tlieir  clay  to  their  factory 
tive  iniles  south  of  Seattle,  on  Dwamish  river. 
They  have  a  large  and  extensive  estalilishuient 
for  the  grinding,  mixing  and  pressing  of  their 
clay  products,  employing  150  hands  in  the  sev- 
eral departments,  which  are  heated  by  steam, 
lighted  by  electricity  and  are  very  complete  in 
every  detail  and  appointment.  Their  salt-glazed 
vitrified  sewer  pipe  varies  in  size  from  two  to 
twenty-four  inches  in  diameter,  with  a  restrain- 
ing force  almost  equal  to  iron  piping.  The  Hint 
fire  clay  lias  a  tenacity  unexcelled  by  clays  in 
the  United  States,  and  they  are  producing  fire 
brick,  fire  proofing,  paving  brick,  building  blocks, 
terra  cotta  dry-pressed  and  pottery  in  quanti- 
ties and  with  rapidity  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  Northwest. 

JVIr.  Kummer  was  married  in  Akron,  Ohio, 
in  Marcli,  1875,  to  Miss  Jennie  Robinson,  a  na- 
tive of  Wisconsin.  They  have  three  children: 
Ruby  G.,  John  A.,  and  George  W.  Socially, 
Mr.  Kummer  affiliates  with  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a 
Trustee  of  the  Merchants'  and  Manufactui-ers' 
Exchange,  and  is  a  man  thoroughly  respected 
for  his  ability,  per.-everance  and  sterling  l)usi- 
ness  principles. 


DA^EL  KELLEHER,  one  of  the  active 
and  able  young  lawyers  of  the  Seattle  bar, 
— -  was  born  on  a  farm  near  Middleborougli, 
Massachusetts,  February  5,  1864.  In  early  life 
young  Kellelier  learned  to  appreciate  the  advan- 
tages of  an  education,  and,  to  prepare  himself 
for  his  professional  career,  after  passing  through 
the  public  and  high  school  at  Bridgewater,  Mas- 
sachuseits,  he  entered  Harvard  College,  gradua- 
ting at  that  institution  in  1885,  with  high  hon- 
ors. He  then  went  to  Syracuse,  New  York,  as 
private  tutor  in  fitting  young  men  for  entrance 
to  Harvard  College,  and  at  the  same  time  fol- 
lowed a  line  of  legal  study  in  the  office  of  Tracy, 
McLennan  &  Ayling.  Mr.  Kellelier  was  duly 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  New  York 
State,  and  was  then  engaged  in  his  profession 
at  Syracuse  until  in  March,  1890. 

In  that  year  he  came  to  Seattle,  Washington, 
and  immediately  began  practice  with  G.  Meade 
Emory,  suljsequently  org;inizing  the  law  firm  of 
Bausmaii,  Kelleher  &  Emory,  which  is  well  and 
favorably  known  through  the  Northwest.  Mr. 
Kelleher  is  a  careful  observer  and  a  close  stu- 


dent, and  for  this  reason  is  rapidly  forging  to 
the  front  in  his  profession,  and  has  already  built 
up  a  very  lucrative  practice.  While  devoted  to 
his  profession,  he  also  takes  an  active  interest 
in  Democratic  politics  of  the  State.  In  the  fall 
of  1892  he  was  honored  with  the  nomination  for 
Superior  Judge  of  King  county.  The  county 
is  decidedly  Republican,  but  Mr.  Kelleher  re- 
ceived the  vote  of  his  party,  and  was  also  com- 
plimented by  many  votes  from  his  Republican 
friends,  though  the  total  number  was  insufficient 
to  elect  him.  Mr.  Kelleher  is  unmarried,  and 
is  a  member  of  no  orders,  but  is  following  a  line 
of  thought,  study  and  research,  which  will  ulti- 
mately place  him  in  the  front  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession. 


'rr\\R.  DARIUS  MASON,  a  prominent  phy- 
I  }]  ^''cian  of  Spckane,  Washington,  was  b mi 
•^^  in  the  old  and  wave- washed  town  of  Nfw' 
Bedford,  Massachusetts,  in  1830,  the  youngest 
in  a  family  of  nine  children,  his  parents  being 
Olney  and  Lillice  (Pierce)  Mason,  natives  of 
Massachusetts.  The  Doctor's  father  was  an 
architect  and  builder  of  New  Bedford,  and 
owned  a  country  estate  in  that  county.  His 
grandfather,  Noble  Mason,  was  also  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  and  was  a  farmer  hy  occupation. 
The  family  are  descended  from  the  English, 
their  ancestors  being  among  the  early  settlers 
of  New  England.  His  maternal  gramlfather, 
Preserved  Pierce,  a  Baptist  minister  ami  a  na- 
tive of  Massachusetts,  was  a  cousin  of  President 
Pierce,  the  Pierces  also  being  of  English 
descent.  The  Doctor's  father  died  in  1850  or 
1851,  and  his  mother  passed  away  in  1854. 
Both  were  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

In  the  Friends'  Academy  at  New  Bedford, 
Dr.  Mason  received  his  early  education  and 
graduated  there  in  1849.  In  1850  he  began 
tlie  study  of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  a 
preceptor.  He  then  spent  one  term  in  the 
medical  department  of  Harvard  College,  after 
which  he  entered  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  at  New  York,  where,  three  years 
later,  he  graduated  with  the  highest  honors. 
After  becoming  a  full-fledged  M.  D.,  the  young 
physician  began  a  course  of  practical  training 
in  that  most  thorough  of  schools,  the  New  York 
Ciry  ll"spital,  from  which  place  he  was  subse- 


on 


ani 


ansferred  to   the  Children's  Hospital 
IFs  Island,  where  he  remained  fifteen 


333 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


months,  mastering  evei'y  type  of  disease  known 
to  youthful  organism,  ijelieving  that  he  eoiikl 
win  his  way  in  the  West,  he  wetit  to  Prairie  dii 
Chien,  Wisconsin,  in  1856,  and  quickly  built 
up  a  Incrative  practice  there,  his  remarkable 
skill  bringing  him  at  once  into  prominennt 
notice  and  favor.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  Dr.  Mason  reported  for  duty,  and  was  ap- 
pointed snrgeon  of  the  Thirty- first  Wisconsin 
Kegiment.  Through  all  the  engagements  in 
which  that  regiment  participated  during  the 
long  struggle,  Dr.  Mason  was  ever  at  the  front, 
doing  excellent  service.  He  was  mustered  out 
in  August,  1865,  and  returned  to  Prairie  dn 
Chien,  resuming  his  old  practice.  In  1878  he 
removeil  to  Milwaukee,  and  during  his  eight 
years'  residence  there  was  considered  one  of  the 
most  capable  members  of  the  profession. 

Since  1886  Dr.  Mason  has  been  a  resident  of 
Spokane,  and  here  as  elsewhere  he  has  met  with 
eminent  success  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. He  does  a  general  family  practice,  at  the 
same  time  msdiiiig  a  specialty  of  gynecology. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  State  and  county  medi- 
cal societies,  helped  to  organize  both,  and  was 
the  tirst    President    of    the   latter,  serving  two 


years. 


Wh 


Wisconsin  he  was  a  member  of 


the  State  Medical  Society  there,  and  served  as 
its  President  in  1878.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association  and  lias  been 
made  an  honorary  member  of  both  the  Califor- 
nia State  Medical  Society  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain Medical  Association.  He  is  an  occasional 
contributor  to  medical  magazines. 

Dr.  Mason  has  been  twice  married.  First, 
he  wedded  a  Miss  Brisbois,  of  Wisconsin,  who 
died  in  1882,  and  in  1886  he  married  Miss 
Bean,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  ef  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, being  a  Knight  Templar.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  military  order  of  the  Loyal  Le- 
gion of  the  United  States,  of  Wisconsin  Com- 
inandry. 

^-^--^^ 

EORGE  K.  REED,  of  the  firm  of  Galusha 
I  k  Liftchild,  real-estate  dealers,  Spokane, 
J  Washington,  has  recently  identified  him- 
^  self  with  the  interests  of  Spokane.  He 
has,  however,  spent  most  of  his  life  in  the 
Northwest. 

Mr.  Reed  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Iowa, 
in  1843,  being  fourth    in    the    family  of  .Tames 


M.  and  Qettie  (Morgan)  Keed,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky  respectively.  His  father 
was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Iowa,  and  in 
1852,  when  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  nine 
years  old,  he  moved  to  Albany,  Linn  county, 
Oregon.  He  developed  a  farm  there  and  made 
his  home  on  it  until  1872,  when  he  located  in 
Walla  Walla.  He  still  resides  at  the  latter 
place. 

Mr.  Reed  was  educated  in  Albany.  In  the 
fall  of  1860  he  went  to  Walla  Walia,  and  the 
following  year  went  to  the  raining  camps  in 
Idaho  and  engaged  in  mining.  He  also  kept 
a  general  mercliandise  store  at  Elk  City.  In  the 
fall  of  1869  he  started  out  oh  a  tour 
through  Oreg<jn  and  California.  In  1876 
he  opened  a  hotel  in  Dayton.  Oregon; 
subsequently  went  back  to  Walla  Walla,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business  there 
until  1883.  He  then  came  to  Spokane  and 
established  himself  in  business,  but  in  1887 
went  to  Douglas  coutity  and  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  stock  business.  He  bought  and  im- 
proved a  ranch  tliere  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a 
fine  tract  of  480  acres,  an  excellent  stock  ranch. 
He  owns  a  stallion  and  several  breeds  of  tine 
horses.  He  is  also  interested  in  t  )wn  property 
at  Coulee  City,  Alinira,  Hartland  and  Bridge- 
port. Recently  Mr.  Reed  moved  to  Spokane 
and  has  associated  himself  with  the  firm  men- 
tioned at  the  beginning  of  this  sketch. 

He  was  married  in  March,  1870,  to  Miss 
Lora  O.  Cradall,  of  Eugene,  Oregon,  and  has 
two  children,  Frank  J.  and  Georgia. 

Mr.  Reed  has  frequently  been  spoken  of  for 
political  preferment,  but  has  always  declined 
office.     He  is  an  Odd  Fellow. 


I^- 


l-^i^.^^K-^H^^'.^^g4 


ARVEY  JAMES  BROWN,  attorneyat- 
law,  Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  in 
11  Marion  county,  Oregon,  in  1860.  His 
father,  John  J.  Brown,  was  born  near 
Gallatin,  Sumner  county,  Tennessee,  and  his 
mother,  Sarah  Eineline  (Kirkpatrick)  Brown, 
was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois.  His 
father  and  mother  were  among  the  early  pio- 
neers, having  crossed  the  plains  and  settled  in 
Lane  county,  Oregon,  in  1852.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  youngest  of  four  brothers. 
He  had  the  best  of  educational  'advantages,  re- 
ceived his  early  training  in  mercantile  pursuits, 


c/c^-  ^<rU<^c 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTOS. 


and  his  early  education  at  Salem,  Oregon.  He 
took  a  college  course  at  the  Albany  Collegiate 
Institute;  attended  the  Business  College  at 
Portland  and  studied  law  at  the  Columbian 
University,  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  i^raduating 
with  the  degree  of  LL.J].  at  the  last  named  in- 
stitution in  1888. 

After  his  graduation  he  at  ouco  located  in 
Spokane,  and  the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar  of  the  State  of  Washington.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  (1889),  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  with  Johnston  &  Dabney.  He  takes 
an  active  part  in  political  matters  and  in  1890 
was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party  for  the 
State  Legislature.  He  was,  however,  defeated, 
on  account  of  his  district  being  overwhelmingly 
Ilepublican.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  memliei'  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Chnrcli  of  Spokane  and  of 
the  Y.  P.  S.  C.  E.,  also  a  Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon 
fraternity  man.  He  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Kosa  Mack,  of  Xeodeska.  Kansas,  in  1890; 
the  bride  was  a  beautiful  and  highly  cultured 
lady,  and  at  her  death,  which  occurred  in  the  fall 
of  the  same  yeai'  of  her  marriage,  was  sincerely 


friends. 


sband    and    a    host   uf   her 


dJAMES  MIIKK.W  COLMAN.— To  no  one 
man  is  gnattr  credit  due  for  individual  ef- 
fort in  the  ilevelopment  of  Seattle  than  to 
James  M.  Colnian,  who,  though  in  no  sense  a 
pioneer  of  the  town,  brought  to  the  pioneer  set- 
tlement a  business  force  and  enterprise  which 
resulted  in  untold  benefit  to  the  little  struggling 
community.  Mr.  Colman  was  born  in  Dun- 
fermline, Fifeshire,  Scotland,  June  17,  1832. 
After  receiving  a  thorough  technical  education 
as  a  machinist  and  engineer  he  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1854.  He  was  employed  for 
short  time  at  Paterson,  New  Jersey,  but  the 
same  year  removed  to  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
and  entered  a  large  machine  shop.  His  ability 
soon  brought  him  marked  recognition  and  after 
six  months  he  was  made  superintendent  of  the 
shop. 

In  1858  he  married  Miss  Agnes,  daughter  of 
George  H.  Henderson,  of  Waukesha  county, 
and  remained  in  Milwaukee  up  to  1861,  when 
he  learned  of  the  undeveloped  resources  and 
superior  opportunities  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
by  water  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  he  came 
to  San  Francisco.     While  there  he  fell  in  with 


the  agents  of  the  Port  Madison  Mill,  and  by 
them  was  engaged  as  manager  of  the  large  saw- 
mill at  Port  Madison,  and  at  once  came  to 
Puget  Sound  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
position.  In  the  spring  of  1864,  Mr.  Colman 
purchased  of  Renton  and  Howard  the  old  Port 
Orchard  mill,  and  left  Port  Madison  to  take 
charge  of  his  own  property.  This  mill  was  torn 
down  and  replaced  by  a  more  modern  mill  in 
1868,  and  the  latter  was  entirely  destroyed  by 
fire  within  the  following  year.  This  disaster 
left  him  bankrupt  and  penniless,  but  his  repu- 
tation as  the  best  machinist  and  millright  on  the 
Sound  was  thoroughly  established  and  employ- 
ment was  readily  found.  Hanson,  Ackerman 
&,  Company,  proprietors  of  the  large  sawmill 
at  old  Tacoma  were  desirous  of  rebuildiiig  upon 
a  much  larger  scale  and  Mr.  Colman  was  prompt- 
ly engaged  at  a  liberal  salary  as  superintendent 
of  the  work  and  manager  of  their  business.  He 
constructed  the  largest  and  most  conveniently 
arranged  and  economically  operated  mill  on  the 
Sound.  Thoroughly  satisfied  witli  the  work 
the  company  then  engaged  Mr.  Colman  as  super- 
intendent of  the  mill,  and  he  continued  in  that 
capacity  until  spring,  1872,  when  he  i'emov(.'d  to 
Seattle.  He  then  leased  the  old  Yesler  mill  for 
Preston  &  McKennon  of  San  Francisco  for 
thi-ee  years  and  took  charge  of  the  mill  for  those 
gentlemen.  From  this  date  lie  became  a  leading 
factor  in  the  development  of  Seattle.  Lumber 
was  at  that  time  the  leailing  iiidustry  of  the 
Sound,  although  some  coal  was  being  sliipped 
from  Bellingham  Bay,  though  in  limited  quan- 
tities, as  there  were  no  railroads  and  no  direct 
steamship  communications  with  San  Francisco. 
Money  was  a  scarce  commodity  and  commanded 
readily  two  and  one-half  per  cent,  per  month. 
Seattle  was  a  pluL-e  of  about  1.000  inlniliitants, 
with  a  smaller  population  than  Olympia  and 
less  business  than  either  Steilacoom  or  Port 
Townsend.  The  only  manufacturing  enterprise 
was  the  sawmill  conducted  by  Mr.  Colman,  and 
the  only  commerce  was  the  interchange  of  a  sack 
of  flour  and  a  side  of  bacon  for  a  bushel  or  two 
of  potatoes  raised  among  the  stumps  on  White 
or  Dwamish  rivers.  About  this  time  there  was 
great  enthusiasm  manifest  over  the  prospective 
!  terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  being 
established  at  Seattle,  but  when  the  terminus 
was  fi.xed  on  Commencement  bay  and  named 
Tacoma,  the  hopes  for  Seattle'sbecoming  a  rail- 
road town  were  dissipated,  and  for  a  time  the 
most  sanguine  became  depressed.     The  reaction 


HLSTORT    OF    M'ASHryOTON. 


soon  came,  and  it  was  resolved  that,  failing  of 
help  from  outside  sources,  the  citizens  would 
show  what  they  could  do  for  themselves.  A 
mass  meeting  was  called  and  the  Seattle  and 
Walla  Walla  Railroad  Company  was  organized. 
Survey  previously  made  was  secured  and  stock 
was  liberally  subscribed  by  the  citizens.  Owing 
to  the  scarcity  of  money,  almost  all  this  stock 
was  paid  for  in  land  at  an  appraised  value.  Two 
separate  days  were  chosen,  and  all  able-bodied 
men  in  the  town  turned  out  with  pick  and 
shovel,  while  the  ladies  of  the  town  attended 
with  an  elaborate  basket  lunch  for  the  laborers. 
In  this  manner  about  three  miles  of  road  bed 
was  made  ready  for  the  ties.  In  a  short  time 
the  enterprise  languished  for  want  of  ready 
funds.  The  citizens  having  failed  to  enlist 
capital  in  their  little  railroad  enterprise,  after 
having  twice  sent  reprei^entatives  to  the  East  for 
this  purpose,  Mr.  Colman  foresaw  that  the  com- 
pletion of  this  road  and  the  developing  of  the 
coal  mines  along  the  route  would  save  Seattle 
from  settling  down  into  a  mere  milling  hamlet. 
He  presented  to  the  business  men  of  the  city 
the  following  proposition:  he  would  advance 
$10,000  to  the  company  if  five  other  men,  all 
of  greater  wealth  than  himself,  would  advance 
an  equal  amount,  and  if  the  citizens  would  loan 
§30,000  on  ten  per  cent,  bearing  bonds,  secured 
by  the  entire  property  of  the  road  after  the 
§60,00  had  been  expended  upon  it.  Failing  to 
accomplish  his  design  by  this  liberalproposition, 
he  offered  to  advance  $20,000  if  the  other  par- 
ties would  conjointly  advance  $10,000.  His 
last  proposition  was  accepted,  this  being  the 
spring  of  1875,  He  had  succeeded  Preston  et 
McKennon  in  the  lease  of  the  sawmill,  and  his 
attention  was  demanded  by  his  awn  private  in- 
terests, but,  at  a  personal  sacrifice,  he  consented 
to  take  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  company  and 
he  promptly  inaugurated  work  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  road.  The  $30,000  of  bonds  were 
never  all  sold,  although  Mr.  Colman  purchased 
some  of  them  himself.  Of  the  $40,000  sub- 
scribed only  $2,500  balance  was  ever  paid  iq. 

The  rest  of  the  money  for  the  completion  of 
the  road  to  Kenton,  distant  thirteen  miles,  was 
raised  by  Mr.  Colman  on  personal  security,  and 
at  that  time  he  was  not  a  wealthy  man.  "All  he 
had  was  the  earnings  of  the  leased  mills  and  the 
savings  of  a  few  years,  but  he  was  possessed  of  a 
large  credit  through  his  straightforward,  honest 
methods  of  transacting  his  business.  In  his  ef- 
forts to  secure  a  dollar's  worth,  of  workfor  evei-y 


dollar  paid  out,  he  became  ti;ne-keeper,  book- 
keeper, superintendent  of  construction  and  mas- 
ter mechanic;  and  every  item  of  expenditure  was 
as  carefully  inspected  as  in  the  most  economi- 
cally conducted  private  business.  Duly  ariiv- 
ing  at  Eenton,  Mr.  Colman  naturally  expected 
business  from  the  Renton  coal  mines,  but  as  the 
proprietors  of  the  mines  had  secured  control  of 
the  New  Castle  mines,  which  were  more  cheaply 
worked,  and  had  shut  down  at  the  Renton  mines 
it  then  became  necessary  to  continue  the  rail- 
road seven  miles  farther.  This  extension  was 
made  by  Mr.  Colman,  who  used  his  own  means 
and  private  credit  exclusively  for  that  purpose. 
Both  of  these  means  of  tiuancial  recourse  he 
necessarily  strained  to  the  utmost,  but  with  the 
completion  of  the  road,  it  immediately  became  a 
ujost  valuable  property  and  was  the  means  of 
insuring  the  constant  working  of  the  New 
Caste  mines,  the  reopening  of  the  Renton 
mines  and  for  a  time  the  operating  of  the  mine 
at  Talbot.  For  two  and  one-half  years  Mr.  Col- 
man remaineil  in  charge  of  the  railroad,  work- 
ing from  twelve  to  twenty  hours  per  day,  tilling 
positions,  where,  under  subsequent  management 
live  and  six  men  were  employed.  In  187'J  the 
railroad  and  coal  mine  were  sold  to  Mr.  Yillard, 
and  upon  the  reorganization  the  name  of  the 
corporation  became  the  Columbia  and  Puget 
Sound  Railroad  Company.  Mr.  Colman  was  le- 
tained  as  superintendent  for  two  and  one  half 
years,  when  he  was  compelled  by  failing  hialth 
to  retire.  This  enterprise  was  the  first  great 
factor  in  developing  the  resources  of  the  countiy 
and  was  signally  potent  in  the  upbuilding  of 
Seattle. 

After  his  retirement  Mr.  Colman  sought  rest 
and  recreation  by  travel  in  Europe;  returning  in 
1884  he  purchased  some  coal  property  on  the 
line  of  the  Columbia  and  Puget  Sound  Railroad, 
and  with  John  Collins  of  Seattle,  and  other 
capitalists  of  San  Francisco,  organized  the  Cedar 
River  Coal  Company,  which  opened  and  is  suc- 
cessfully operating  the  mine.  It  is  a  noticeable 
fact  that  since  Mr.  Colman  settled  in  Seattle, 
every  dollar  he  has  made  has  been  invested  in 
business  enterprises  which  operated  directly  for 
the  public  good,  such  as  sawmills,  foundries, 
machine  shops,  sailing  vessels,  steamboats, 
coal  mines,  railroads,  wliarves,  coal  bunkers, 
and  brick  buildings  of  the  most  substantial  char- 
acter. Among  his  early  purchases  of  real-estate 
was  the  corner  lot  on  Commercial  and  Yesler 
avenues,     and    thereupon   he    ej'ected   the    first 


IITSTORT    OF    WASniNGTON. 


brick  building  ever  built  in  Seattle  for  rent. 
This  building  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1889,  but 
has  been  replaced  by  a  large  stone  block,  among 
the  handsomest  structures  in  the  city.  His 
other  noticeably  large  buildingcovers  the  entire 
block  between  Columbia  and  Marion  streets,  and 
from  Front  street  to  Railroad  avenue.  This 
building,  six  storieshigh,  was  planned  before  the 
fire,  and  the  corner  stone  was  laid  while  the 
block  was  covered  with  frame  buildings;  these 
were  removed  by  the  fire  of  June,  1889,  and  the 
process  of  constructing  his  new  building  then 
went  rapidly  forward;  but  foreseeing  the  prob- 
alile  objection  to  high  office  blocks,  he  raised  his 
structure  but  three  stories  above  the  street,  leav- 
ing the  completion  of  the  remaining  three  sto- 
ries until  there  sliould  be  a  manifest  demand  for 
such  accommodations.  The  wisdom  of  his  de- 
cision to  stop  them  has  been  signally  mani.'est 
judging  from  the  many  vacant  offices  in  the 
higher  buildings.  The  action  of  the  teredo  upon 
])iling  along  the  watei-  front  induced  Mr.  Colman 
to  establish  a  plant  for  the  treating  of  piles  to  a 
ereasote  process,  whereby  the  life  of  the  pile  was 
increased  from  a  few  months  to  an  unknown 
number  of  years. 

This  brief  sketch  would  be  incomplete  with- 
out some  slight  reference  to  Mi-.  Colman's  do- 
mestic life.  He  has  living  two  sons,  L.  J.  and 
(i.  A.  Colman;  both  rare  specimens  ofChristian 
gentlemen.  Yachting  is  tlie  favorite  pastime  of 
their  summer  outings,  and  under  their  father's 
■luition  both  have  bi'come  expert  mechanical  en- 
gineers. With  them  pleasure  is  not  aruling  pas- 
sion, but  both  have  been  reared  to  business 
haliits,  and  are  now  the  representatives  of  their 
father  in  iiis  many  business  enterprises,  worthy 
scions  of  one  u  ho  is  the  embodiment  of  integrity 
and  Christian  virtues,  and  whose  name  will  be 
engraved  with  honor  upon  the  hibtoric  pages  of 
Seattle. 


rKANCIS  PIERCE  HOGAN,  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  Spokane,  was  born  in 
-^  Ballingarry,  Tipperary  county,  Ireland, 
in  1848,  a  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  (Butler) 
Hogan,  also  natives  of  that  country.  The  par- 
ents came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  settling 
near  Portage  City,  Columbia  county,  Wisconsin, 
which  was  then  a  wilderness.  The  father  im- 
proved a  farm  of  Indian  land,  being  engaged  in 


that  occupation  until  1865.  In  that  year,  and 
in  company  with  liis  son,  our  subject,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  K,  P'orty-ninth  Wisconsin 
Infantry,  under  A.  J.  Cheney,  and  served  prin- 
cipally in  Missouri.  Francis  was  then  under 
seventeen  years  of  age,  and  was  detailed  as 
Despatch  Orderly  on  tlie  staff'  of  General  IJever- 
idge.  They  were  discharged  at  St.  Louis,  in 
November,  1865,  and  both  then  resumed 
farming.  In  the  spring  of  1866  they  removed 
to  Pope  county,  Minnesota,  where  eacJi  took  up 
Government  land,  under  soldiers'  rir/ht.  The 
father  has  now  one  of  the  finest   farms   in  that 


county,  and  both  lie  and  his  wife  still  reside 
near  Villard. 

Franeis  P.  Hogan,  tlie  eldest  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, was  successfully  engaged  in  farming  and 
trading  on  this  place  until  1873,  and  in  that 
year  came  to  the  Pacific  coast.  He  first  settled 
at  Roseburg,  Oregon,  wiiere  he  began  tlie  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Watson,  Lane  Oc  Willis. 
Shortly  afterward  he  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Douglas  county,  served  in  tliat 
position  until  elected  Shei'iff  of  thesame  coiinty, 
and  declined  the  third  nomination  of  that  office 
t(_i  engage  in  business.  Mr.  Hogan  afterward 
held  the  oflice  of  Mayor  of  Roseburg  one  term, 
followed  merchandising  several  years,  in  1880 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  Con- 
vention at  Cincinnati,  and  in  1884  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  National  Convention  at  Chicago, 
wliere  he  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  Cleveland. 
In  1887,  on  account  of  the  ill  health  of  his 
family,  he  came  to  Spokane,  and  immediately 
made  investments  in  property.  He  owns  a 
brick  plant  and  engages  in  the  manufacture  of  all 
kinds  of  brick,  includingpressedand  ornamental. 
He  now  owns  the  Hogan  building  on  Monroe 
street,  a  block  on  Monroe,  from  Sprague  to 
First  street,  a  lieautifnl  summer  residence  at 
Spring  Yalley  Park,  Including  seventy  acres  of 
land,  160  acres  in  Spokane,  and  other  valuable 
property.  In  1892  Mr.  Hogan  was  appointed  a 
delegate  to  the  Democratic  Convention  at  Chi- 
cago, where  he  again  supported  Cleveland. 

In  1876  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Mary  Flood,  a  native  of  Indiana,  a  daughter  of 
J.  C.  Flood,  the  pioneer  merchant  of  Roseburg, 
Oregon,  and  a  grandaughter  of  General  Joe 
Lane.  To  this  union  has  been  born  five  daugh- 
ters: Mabel,  Bertha,  Mildred.  Vinnie  and 
Cecilia.  The  four  eldest  are  attendin?  the 
Sisters'  School.  Mr.  Hogan  is  an  intelligent 
and  enterprising  gentleman,  and  by  his  zeal  and 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


energy  has  done  much  toward  building  up  this 
city.  Social  in  disposition,  and  generous  in 
character,  he  is  one  of  the  most  successful  busi- 
ness men  in  Spokane.  Religiously,  the  family 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

— ^€®"li»'^^" 

fli  LBERT  F.  WOLVERTOX,  a  real-estate 
lij\    dealer  of  Spokane,  was  born  in  Oregon,  in 
lf\^   1855.    I£e  received  his  preparatory  school- 
r/  ing  in  the  publicscliools  of  his  native  State, 

and  then  took  a  scientific  course  in  the  Mon- 
mouth or  Christian  College,  graduating  in 
1877.  The  following  four  years  was  spent  in 
farming,  and  he  then  caine  to  Spokane,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  engaged  with  his  brother  in 
the  hardware  business,  opening  the  second  store 
of  its  kind  in  the  city.  Three  years  later  the 
firm  dissolved  partnership,  and  Mr.  Wolverton 
was  then  engaged  in  the  agricultural  trade  one 
year;  in  1885,  with  T.  F.  Conlan,  orgatiized  the 
Spokane  Hardware  Company;  in  1888,  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health,  severed  his  connection  with 
that  company,  and  since  that  time  has  followed 
the  real-estate  business.  He  owns  a  half  inter- 
est in  the  Temple  Court  Block,  and  is  the 
owner  of  a  new  business  block  on  Main  street, 
and  an  extensive  farm  near  Spokane. 

Mr.  Wolverton  was  married  in  1888,  to  Miss 
Lulu  Miller,  a  native  of  New  York.  To  this 
union  have  been  born  two  children,  one,  Van  Al- 
bert, is  still  living.  Our  subject  is  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  business  men  in  this  city. 

— ^€@"i)'f-^^^ — 


ARRY  F.  BAER,  a  prominent  business 
man  of   Spokane,  was   born   in   Chicago, 


H 

J  ll  Illinois,  October  11,  1854,  a  son  of  Aciam 
•f/  and     Adelina    (Spangnable)     Baer,     the 

former  a  native  of  Hesse  Darmstadt,  and  the 
latter  of  Hanover,  Germany.  The  father  was  a 
merchant  by  occupation.  In  1842  the  parents 
came  to  the  United  States,  locating  in  Chicago, 
Illinois. 

Harry  F.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city.  After  leaving  school  he  was  engaged  in 
the  cattle  business  in  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  im- 
til  1881,  and  in  that  year  removed  to  Oregon. 
He  next  followed   mining  in    Alaska,  then   rail- 


road i 


Washington;    next    was  associated 


with  Mr.  Goetz  in  merchandising  at  Heron  Sid- 
ing, Montana,  one  year;  then  located  at  Wallula 
Junction,  Washington;  and  later  opened  hotels 
at  Thompson  Falls,  Montana,  Murray,  Idaho, 
and  in  the  mining  district  of  Coeur  d'  Alene. 
In  1887  he  came  with  Mr.  (loetz  to  Spokane, 
Washington. 

In  1883  Mr.  Baer  went  to  the  Coeur  d' Alene, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  mining  until  1889,  and  in 
that  year  came  to  Spokane  and  bought  property 
at  a  cost  of  $33,000,  and  erected  a  fine  building  at 
a  cost  of  $230,000.  Tiiis  building  was  de- 
stroyed during  the  great  tire  of  August,  188!J. 
The  next  day  Mr.  Baer  resumed  business  in  the 
largest  tent  in  the  world,  the  canvas  and  equip- 
ments having  cost  |20,000,  and  soon  afterward, 
in  June,  1890,  he  erected  his  present  fine  block, 
at  a  cost  of  $95,000,  the  same  being  one  of  the 
most  substantial  and  beautiful  in  architecture  of 
all  similar  buildings  in  the  State.  In  addition 
to  his  other  business  interests,  our  subject  also 
owns  considerable  property  in  and  around  Spo- 
kane. 

Mr.  Baer  was  married  in  1892,  to  Miss  Sadie 
Scott  Smith,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Socially,  he 
is  a  member  of  the  (-)dd  Fellows  Lodge,  No.  17, 
of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  No.  40,  and  politi- 
cally affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party. 

E'    p.  GILLETTE,  proprietor  of  the    Hotel 
Gillette,  of   Spokane,  was    born  in   Curt- 
1  land,  New  York,  in  1860,  a  son  of  A.  S. 

and  Harriet  E.  (Osborn)  (xillette,  the  former  a 
native  of  New  York,  and  the  latter  of  Connecti- 
cut. The  father  was  a  manufacturer  atid  miner 
by  occupation. 

E.  P.  Gillette,  the  youngest  of  six  children, 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York, 
and  in  1683  began  a  classical  course  in  the 
Olierlin  College,  Ohio,  but  did  not  finish.  For 
the  following  six  years  he  was  employed  by  the 
Pullman  Sleeping  Car  Company,  at  New  York 
city,  and  was  then  engaged  in  commercial  busi- 
ness one  year.  In  1887  Mr.  Gillette  came  to 
Spokane,  where  he  was  proprietor  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  Tea  Company,  and  also  conducted  a  large 
restaurant.  The  great  fire  of  1889  destroyed 
everything  he  possessed,  but  with  his  custom- 
ary energy  he  began  to  rebuild  before  the  fire 
was  fully  under  control.  Three  times  liis  floor 
which  was  laid  on  the  ground,  caught  tire  fr.mi 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


the  heat  under  it,  hut  he  persevered,  aud  two 
days  afterward  his  restaurant  was  open  in  a  tent- 
In  1890  he  opened  the  Cohimhia  Hotel,  now 
one  of  the  lart^est  in  the  city.  Mr.  Gillette  was 
a  member  of  the  old  volunteer  fire  department  of 
Spokane,  and  organized  tiie  present  paid  depart- 
ment, of  which  he  was  the  lirst  Chief.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  other  business  interests,  he  is  also 
lai-gely  interested  in  mining  property,  and  in  the 
future  will  no  donbt  realize  largely  from  such 
investments.  He  has  served  as  a  delegate  to 
two  State  and  County  conventions,  and  occupies 
a  high  degi-ee  in  the  orders  of  Odd  Fellows  and 
Knights  of  Pythias.  Has  been  a  student  all 
his  life,  is  well  posted  on  the  affairs  of  the  day, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  progressive  men  in  Spo- 
kane. In  January,  1893,  he  moved  into  the 
three-story  brick  building  called  the  Hotel 
Gillette.  It  extends  from  Iliverside  street 
through  to  Sprague  avenue,  front  on  Riverside 
street.  It  is  modern  in  every  respect  and  lo- 
cated in  the  most  prominent  part  of  the  city. 


/^''ENERALT.  J.  McKENWY,  a  resident 
I  Jc  of  Olyinpia,  was  born  in  Gallatin  county, 
%J  Illinois,  in  1830.  His  father,  Samuel 
^  Siierwood  McKenny,  was  born  in  Quebec, 
Canada.  Coming  to  the  United  States,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Constance  Decker,  of  Gatskill, 
New  York.  He  then  started  westward,  when 
h'j  engaged  in  trading  npon  the  Mississippi 
river. 

T.  J.  McKenney  was  educated  at  Locust  Hill 
Episcopal  College,  Franklin  county,  Illinois, 
under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Benager  Guernsey 
Root.  In  1847  he  left  college  to  enlist  for  the 
Mexican  war  and  was  mustered  in  at  Allen, 
Illinois,  as  a  member  of  the  First  Regiment 
Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  commanded  l)y 
Colonel  E.  W.  B.  Nevvby.  His  lirst  soldiering 
was  in  carrying  knapsack  and  blankets  in  march- 
ing order  across  the  plains  to  Santa  Fe,  a  dis- 
tance of  1,800  miles.  The  service  of  the  com- 
pany was  through  the  Navajo  Indian  country 
and  along  the  border  of  Mexico.  After  about 
eighteen  months  of  service  they  were  returned 
to  Illinois  and  mustered  out.  Young  McKenny 
then  went  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  was  employed 
as  clerk  in  a  retail  drug  store,  subsequently  en- 
gaging in  the  same  line  of  business.  With  his 
love  for  military  affairs,  he   raised  the  "Union 


Guards"  of  the  State  Militia  and  served  in  the 
capacity  of  First  Lieutenant,  receiving  his  com- 
mission from  Governor  James  W.  Grimes. 

Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861,  he 
was  actively  interested  in  i-aising  Company  A, 
of  Second  Iowa  Infantry  and,  upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  company,  was  elected  First  Lieu- 
tenant, Colonel  Sam  R.  Curtis  in  command. 
This  was  the  first  regiment  to  leave  the  State 
under  orders  of  General  Nathaniel  Lyon.  The 
regiment  was  assigned  to  duty  along  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad, where  it  was  engaged 
in  many  skirmisiies.  It  was  then  ordereil  with 
General  Fremont's  grand  flotilla  to  Bird's 
Point,  op^josite  Cairo,  where  the  regiment  be- 
came decimated  by  disease  and  was  ordered  to 
St  Louis  to  recruit.  General  Curtis  was  then  in 
command  of  the  Department  of  Missouri,  with 
headquarters  at  Benton  Barracks,  and  he  de- 
tailed Lieutenant  McKenny  to  special  service 
as  Post-Adjutant  and  Adjutant-General.  At 
this  time  there  was  some  suspicion  of  the  loyal- 
ty of  General  Fremont,  and  orders  of  removal 
signed  by  General  Scott  and  President  Lincoln 
were  forwarded  to  General  Curtis  by  special 
messenger,  Leonard  Swett.  These  orders  were 
to  be  conveyed  to  General  Fremont.  General 
Curtis  selected  Captain  McKenny  for  this  most 
responsible  and  dangei'ous  service.  Disguised 
in  a  planter's  suit  of  clothes,  and  given  neces- 
sary papers  and  passes,  he  started  in  the  dead 
of  night,  upon  his  most  dangerous  mission. 
Duly  arriving  at  General  Fiemont's  headquar- 
ters. Captain  McKenny  had  great  difficulty  in 
reaching  his  presence,  but  at  last  did  su  and  de- 
livered into  the  general's  hands  the  messacres, 
which  created  great  consternation.  The  cap- 
tain also  had  dispatches  to  General  Hunter,  who 
was  to  succeed  I'remont.  The  delivery  of  the 
same  was  accomplished  midst  increasing  dan- 
gers, the  captain  traveling  on  horseback  by 
night  through  a  country  infested  by  the  enemy. 
He  then  returned  to  St.  Louis  to  find  Genei'al 
William  K.  Strong  in  command  of  Benton 
Barracks  and  General  Curtis  ordered  to  com- 
mand of  Army  of  the  Southwest,  with  headquar- 
tersat  Rolla.  Captain  McKenny  was  assigned  by 
war  department  as  Adjutant-General  and  Aide 
to  General  Strong,  and  subsequently  bccanje 
Post-Adjutant  and  Adjutant-General  to  Gen- 
eral Sherman,  who  was  placed  in  command. 
After  a  few  months  Captain  McKenny  asked  to 
be  relieved  and  returned  to  his  regiment,  but 
before  request  was  received  he    was  ordered   to 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


report  to  General  Curtis  and  became  Adjutant- 
(leneral  upon  his  staff.  Shortly  after,  General 
Curtis  took  the  field  in  pursuit  of  Price's  army, 
(then  ill  the  vicinity  of  Springfield),  overtaking 
the  rear  guard  at  Sugar  creek.  The  battle  was 
hotly  contested,  and  the  First  Missouri  Cavalry 
Mhandoned  by  its  colonel.  Captain  McKenny 
a-sumed  temporary  command  and  performed 
gallant  service.  He  received  wounds  in  hip 
and  head  and  now  carries  a  ball  in  the  head  and 
one  in  the  hip.  In  recognition  of  his  ability 
and  bravery  the  otHcers  of  the  First  Missouri 
Cavah-y  addressed  a  petition  to  the  Governor  of 
the  Staff  asking  that  Captain  McKenny  be  coni- 
niissiiiiifil  ('olonel  of  the  regiment,  wliich 
tliroiigli  jici'i-oiial  preferences  was  declined.  He 
was,  however,  commissioned  additional  Aide- 
de-Camp  on  the  staff' of  Major-General  Halleck, 
witli  rank  of  Major.  During  the  battle  of  I'ea 
Kidge,  March  7,  1863,  he  passed  forty-eight 
hours  in  the  saddle  as  Aide  to  General  Curtis. 
The  victory  being  M'on,  upon  the  10th  the 
Major  started  for  VanBuren,  Arkansas,  with 
the  prisoners  of  war,  to  make  an  exchange  with 
General  Price,  which  being  accomplished  he  re- 
turned to  headquarters.  He  continued  on  the 
staff  of  General  Curtis  until  General  Pi-ice  was 
driven  from  Missouri.  He  was  then  assigned 
to  the  Department  of  the  Northwest  with  Gen- 
eral Curtis,  and  later  to  the  staff  of  General 
Pope  as  Assistant  Inspector  General,  in  which 
position  he  remained  to  tiie  close  of  the  war. 
For  meritorious  conduct,  bravery  and  special 
service  he  was  bi-evetted  a  number  of  times,  first 
as  Lieutenant-Colonel,  then  Colonel,  and  later 
Brigadier-General.  The  General  was  a  brave, 
fearless  soldier,  never  shrinking  from  the  patii 
of  duty,  howsoever  great  the  dangers  and  difli- 
cnlties. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  General  McKenny 
returned  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  completed  his  studies 
in  medicine  at  the  Iowa  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  and  graduated  in  1866.  The  same 
yiar  he  was  appointed  by  the  President  and 
confirmed  by  the  Senate  as  Superintendent  of 
Indian  Affairs  of  Washington  Territory,  and 
Crttne  to  the  coast  January  1,  1867,  to  assume 
the  duties  of  office,  with  headquarters  at 
Olympia.  In  this  capacity  he  served  five  years, 
then  resigned  and  engaged  in  handling  real  es- 
tate and  later  in  the  drug  business,  which  he 
followed  up  to  1888,  when  he  retired.  He  was 
Piesident  of  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane 
for  a  number  of  years.      He  has  also  been    ac- 


tively interested  in  the  development  of  sciioois. 
During  the  construction  of  the  Olympia  & 
Lemin  railroad,  he  was  president  of  the 
Company,  president  of  Clyinpia  Hotel  Com- 
pany, and  builder  of  the  McKenny  Block. 

General  McKenny  was  married  in  St.  Louis, 
in  1863,  to  Miss  Adelaide,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Washington  King,  the  "Know-Nothing"  Mayoi- 
of  St.  Louis,  elected  liefore  the  war. 


IIAIIAM  BARCLAY  DENNIS,  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  Spokane,  was 
born  June  1,  1855.  His  father  was  an 
Englishman  by  birth,  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  an  author  and  linguist.  The  mother 
was  of  German  descent.  As  far  back  as  the 
family  lineage  can  be  traced  on  both  sides,  the 
heads  of  the  families  were  professional  men  of 
note.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our  subject 
lead  professional  lives. 

The  greater  part  of  G.  B.  Dennis"  boyhood 
life  was  spent  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  attending 
the  primary  and  intermediate  schools  until  liis 
fourteenth  year.  He  was  always  an  industrious 
student,  arithmetic  being  his  preference  over 
all  studies.  His  earliest  business  experience 
was  as  a  newsboy,  at  the  age  of  ten  years,  and 
four  years  later,  much  to  the  disappointment  of 
Ids  parents,  he  left  school  and  began  the  labor 
of  lite  for  himself.  The  following  three  years 
were  spent  as  an  apprentice  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness, but  the  hard,  dirty  work  experienced  in 
the  subordinate  part  of  his  duties  did  not  pre- 
clude his  taking  a  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Ohio  Medical  Institute,  which  was  attended  at 
night.  Feeling  that  progress  would  be  slow  in 
this  business,  he  next  became  an  employee  in 
a  tobacco-manufacturing  company,  remaining 
there  one  year.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years, 
and  beginning  to  feel  the  want  of  education,  he 
took  a  collegiate  course,  working  at  odd  lioui-s 
to  defray  his  expenses  at  school.  After  leaving 
college  Mr.  Dennis  took  the  local  editorship  of 
the  Dayton  (Ohio)  Daily  Journal,  but  long 
hours  told  upon  his  health,  and  he  was  forced 
to  give  up  the  work.  He  next  secured  the 
position  of  assistant  business  manager  of  the 
same  institution,  but  after  spending  five  years 
there  his  natural  aptitude  at  mechanics  and 
love  of  science,  coupled  with  a  naturally  in- 
quisitive mind,  led  him  into  the  field  of  inven- 


nisfoRY  OF  WAsnrNoroN. 


tion,  and  an  electrical  postage  stamp  canceler 
was  the  result.  This  was  an  ingenious  and  use- 
ful machine,  but  in  order  to  bring  it  to  a  finan- 
cial success  required  more  money  and  experi- 
ence than  our  subject  could  command.  Out  of 
])osition  and  penniless,  Mr.  Dennis  then  opened 
an  office  for  the  collection  of  accounts,  which 
finally  developed  into  a  semi-banking  business, 
including  the  organization  of  stock  companies. 
Ten  years  of  great  success  followed,  then  fail- 
ing in  health,  caused  by  overwork,  a  change  of 
scene,  life  and  climate  was  necessitated. 

May  5,  1885,  oiir  subject  came  with  his  fam- 
ily to  Spokane  Falls.  Although  inexperienced 
in  the  habits  and  customs  of  Western  people, 
he  soon  acclimated  hini?elf,  and  became,  as  the 
saying  is,  a  Westerner.  The  town  was  then 
1,200  strong,  and  presented  a  business  activity 
unequaled  by  any  similar  town  of  its  size  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Mr.  Dennis  spent  the  tirst 
year  in  a  critical  research  into  the  resources  of 
the  country,  which  at  that  time  were  in  their 
infancy,  being  little  developed  or  understood, 
yet  enough  to  warrant  conhdence.  In  1886  he 
made  his  Mrst  purchase  of  real  estate,  but,  be- 
ing used  and  habituated  to  a  \ery  active  life, 
he  soon  became  tired  of  semi-activity.  Tlie 
mining  country  at  that  time  began  to  show  en- 
couragement, and  he  was  soon  led  from  a  former 
similar  occupation  in  the  East  into  mining  jour- 
nalism, and  be,2;an  the  publication  of  the  Spo- 
kane Miner,  which  was  a  success  from  many 
standpoints.  Mining  soon  enlisted  Mr.  Dennis' 
attention,  and  resulted  in  his  interesting  the 
first  Eastern  capital  in  the  development  of 
mines  in  the  Coenr  d'Alene.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  to  the  city  council,  served  two  years,  and 
during  that  time  much  of  the  early  public  im- 
provement took  place, — streets  paved,  water- 
works and  bridges  built,  etc.,  in  all  of  which  he 
took  an  active  interest.  In  1888  he  oi-ganized 
the  first  company  and  erected  the  first  electrical 
street  railway  in  the  Northwest,  in  Spokane. 
This  undertaking  was  successfully  aecom])lislied 
in  the  face  of  repeated  failures  elsewhere,  and 
great  prejudices  against  electric  locomotion. 
Mr.  Dennis  began  to  build  the  road  according 
to  his  own  and  best  ideas,  and  the  result  was  a 
road  scientifically,  mechanically  and  practically 
perfect;  four  miles  of  double  track  was  laid, 
water  being  the  generative  power  used  for 
electrical  propulsion.  The  buildings,  brick  and 
stone;  the.cars  the  best  the  Pullman  Company 
had  ever   huilt  for  the  purpose  up  to  that  time, 


and  the  result  is  the  road  has  an  opeiating  rec- 
ord unequaled  by  that  of  any  other.  Altliougli 
it  has  been  in  use  four  years,  it  still  bears  the 
prestige  of  being  the  best  constructed  sti'eei 
railway  in  America.  Mr.  Dennis  resigned  the 
presidency  of  the  road  afrei-  two  years. 

In  ISyo  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
School  ISoard,  and  was  Chairman  of  Committees 
upon  Buildings.  The  magnificent  high-school 
building  and  other  school  property  were  planned 
and  constructed  during  this  time,  this  samei 
School  Board  having  the  honor  of  raising  the 
standard  of  the  schools  in  point  of  education, 
until  to-day  they  rank  tirst  in  the  State  for 
excellence.  He  was  one  of  the  prime  movers 
in  the  establishment  of  the  JSIorth western  l\\- 
dustrial  Exposition  of  this  city,  and  was  its 
first  vice-president.  Again  broken  in  health, 
he  made  a  visit  to  Europe  in  1891,  returning 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  and  since  that  time 
numerous  letters  have  been  written  by  Mr. 
Dennis  for  publication  in  journals  at  home  and 
in  the  East.  He  has  also  delivered  several  lec- 
tures. In  1892  he  was  made  one  of  the  Trustees 
of  the  Jenkins  University,  an  educational  insti- 
tution which  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  highest 
standards  of  learning.  He  is  Treasurer  and  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Board.  This  institu- 
tion was  established  through  the  munificence  of 
Colonel  D.  B.  Jeidvins,  of  Spokane,  he  having 
endowed  it  with  lands  worth  half  a  million  of 
dollars.  Mr.  Dennis  is  also  heavily  interested 
in  mica- mining  in  Idaho,  and  is  the  General 
Manager  of  the  Muscovite  Mica  Mining  Com- 
pany, an  organization  comprising  many  of  the 
wealthiest  men  of  Chicago.  He  is  also  the 
president  of  the  Old  Dominion  Mining  and 
Concentrating  Company,  whose  great  silver 
mines,  the  orcatot  in  the  State,  lie  in  Stevens 
County,  \\'a>liii;!it(>ii.  To  him  is  due  the  de- 
velopment >A  this  laujous   property. 

He  has  given  very  librrally  to  all  enterprises 
that  liave  tended  to  the  betterment  and  growth 
of  S]M)kane  and  the  Northwest,  and  to-day  is 
(ini-  iif  the  largest  Imlders  of  both  unimproved 
and  iinpr(i\ed  real  estate  in  the  city. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-four  years  our  subject 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Hester  L.  Bradley,  a 
native  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  they  have  three 
children.  Mr.  Dennis  is  a  Republican  in  his 
political  views;  religiously,  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church;  is  one  of  the  wealthiest 
men  of  the  State;  is  aggressive,  yet  tempered 
with  judgment,  and  as  a  business  man  is  con- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


servative,  energetic  and  attentive.  He  lias  en- 
dured many  hardships  through  life,  but  always 
had  the  star  of  success  in  view,  and  the  will  to 
work  to  attain  it;  always  made  a  thorough 
study  of  every  undertaking,  its  details,  etc.,  and 
was  never  satisfied  until  he  had  thoroughly 
mastered  it.  Mr.  Dennis  has  been  the  means 
of  the  business  success  of  many  others,  and  has 
rendered  both  moral  and  tinancial  help.  No 
man  in  the  State  occupies  a  more  enviable  po- 
sition. He  has  the  utmost  confidence,  regard, 
respect  and  honor  of  all  those  who  know  him. 
A  young  man  yet  in  years,  his  fortune  is  full 
of  added  honors. 


f^l^H 


-•^^O 


ENRY  AVELLS  DEWEY,  M.  D.,  al- 
though a  young  man,  ranks  with  the 
foremost  in  his  profession  in  the  State  of 
Washington.  He  was  born  at  Hudson, 
New  York,  June  30,  1859,  and  is  a  son  of 
Henry  Wells,  Sr.,  and  ]\[ary  L.  (McGiifert) 
Dewey.  In  1870,  the  family  removed  to  Pitts- 
tield,  Massachusetts,  where  the  subject  of  tiiis 
sketch  received  a  high-school  education.  In 
1879  he  began  attendance  at  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Vermont,  at 
which  institution  he  graduated  with  honor  in 
June,  1881,  winning  in  the  competitive  exam- 
inntion  the  tine  gold  medal,  the  highest  reward 
of  merit  which  the  faculty  had  the  power  to 
bestow.  Dr.  Dewey  also  holds  from  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of  New  York, 
a  diploma,  which  he  received  in  May,  1881. 

After  the  completion  of  his  studies,  the 
Doctor  returned  to  Pittstield,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  entered  into  partnership  with  his  pre- 
ceptor. Dr.  O.  8.  Roberts,  with  whom  he  was 
associated  three  years.  While  there,  he  served 
two  years  as  City  Physician,  and  was  for  two 
yeais  a  member  of  the  Bjard  of  Health,  in 
which  latter  body  lie  acted  as  chairman  for  the 
year.  Always  a  student,  and  ever  mindful  of 
progression  in  his  chosen  profession.  Dr.  Dewey 
entered,  in  the  spring  of  1887,  the  New  York 
l^olyylinic,  where  he  further  fitted  himself  for 
his  life  work. 

In  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  seeking  a  new 
field  for  the  exercise  of  his  energies,  Dr.  Dewey 
sailed,  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  for  Tacoma, 
bringing  with  him  all  his  earthly  possessions. 
He  arrived  at  his  destination  on  the  lirst  of  No- 
vember, and  at  once  entered  with  zest  into  his 


work  in  his  chosen  location.  His  energy  as  a 
man  and  skill  in  his  profession  soon  placed  him 
in  front  rank  among  his  fellow  citizens,  and  he 
became  thoroughly  identitied  with  the  best  in- 
terests of  his  city.  On  the  completion  of  the 
Fanny  Paddock  Hospital,  he  was  asked  to  take 
a  place  on  its  staff  of  officers,  which  proposition 
he  accepted.  In  May,  1891,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Examining 
Board,  by  Governor  Elisha  P.  Ferry,  and  in 
1892  was  electel  president  of  that  honorable 
body.  In  August,  1898,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  Examining  Sur- 
geon for  the  Pension  Bureau.  He  is  a  charter 
member  and  was  the  second  president  of  the 
Pierce  County  Medical  Society,  and  also  belongs 
to  the  Wasliington  State  Medical  Society.  Fra- 
ternally, he  is  prominently  identitied  with  the 
Masonic  order,  being  a  Knight  Templar,  a  No- 
ble of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  and  having  taken  the 
thirty-second  degree. 

At  Pittstield,  Massachusetts,  in  1882,  Dr. 
Dewey  was  married  to  Miss  Maud  M.  I'rown,  a 
lady  of  rare  culture  and  refinement,  and  they 
have  one  child. 

Dr.  Dewey  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Tacoma,  and,  through  his  prominence  in  his 
profession,  is  a  representative  man  of  the  State 
of  Washington. 


I(  COMPTON,  a  pioneer  of  Klickitat  county, 
was  born  in  Marion  county,  Indiana,  in 
-1  1828,  a  son  of  Joshua  and  Olive  (Renwor- 
thy)  Compton,  natives  of  Ohio  and  South 
Carolina,  respectively.  The  family  ancestry 
can  be  traced  through  the  Revolutionary  period, 
also  can  give  reminiscences  of  the  time  of  the 
coming  of  the  Mayflower.  The  family  is  a  long- 
lived  race,  some  of  the  grandparents  living  to  ex- 
treme old  age.  Joshua  Compton  moved  with 
his  family  from  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  to 
Marion  county,  Indiana,  at  an  early  day,  and  at 
that  time  Indianapolis  contained  but  a  few 
houses.  He  bought  160  acres  of  Government 
land,  paying  $1.25  per  acre,  which  he  cleared, 
and  put  a  part  under  cultivation.  They  ob- 
tained their  living  from  their  farm  products 
and  wild  game,  which  was  plentiful  at  that  time. 
Mr.  Compton  died  in  1842,  und  his  wife  de- 
parted this  life  some  twenty  years  later. 


IIISTORT    OF    WASttlJ^QTON. 


I.  Coaipton,  the  subject  of  tliis  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  early  education  and  training  in  Ma- 
rion county.  Being  the  third  in  a  family  of 
nine  children,  he  was  thrown  upon  his  own  re- 
sources at  the  age  of  eighteen  years.  In  1S5(3 
he  went  to  Iowa,  two  years  later  returned  to  his 
home,  in  1859  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
eight  years  afterwards  removed  to  Puget  Sound, 
and  in  1876  came  to  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington. Mr.  Compton  took  up  160  acres  of 
Government  land,  located  six  miles  east  of  Gol- 
dendale,  all  of  which  is  now  under  a  line  state 
of  cultivation.  He  had  a  fine  orchard  of  apple, 
peach,  ])ear  and  prune  trees.  He  was  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock-raising  until  April,  18i)2, 
when  he  moved  to  and  purchased  four  and  a 
half  acres  in  Goldendale.  Three  acres  is  devoted 
to  prunes  and  the  remainder  to  other  fruits  and 
vegetables.  Mr.  Gompton  has  had  much  expe- 
rience in  fruit-raising,  and  will  soon  make  that 
occupation  one  of  the  industries  of  the  place. 

He  was  married  in  Marion  county,  Indiana, 
in  1858,  to  Miss  Mary  Jane  Turner,  a  native  of 
Virginia.  They  have  three  children:  Ida  Alice 
Blanchard,  living  on  the  Coliiiuiiia  river;  James 
T.,  who  owns  the  old  home  farm;  and  Frank  S., 
at  home.  The  family  are  members  of  Grange 
No.  83,  at  No.  6,  Klickitat  county,  of  which 
James  T.  is  Worthy  Master,  and  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  society  in  the  county.  Polit- 
ically, Mr.  Compton  votes  with  the  People's 
party.  He  is  one  of  the  leading,  thrifty  and 
progressive  men  of  Klickitat  county,  also  one 
of  the  pioneers,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
every  enterprise  for  the  good  of  his  community. 

IjlLLIAM  W.  BEEKS,  a  prominent 
'  farmer  residing  in  Pleasant  \'alley, 
Klickitat  County,  wasl)orn  in  Kaiidolpli 
county,  Indiana,  near  the  Ohio  State  line,  Octo- 
ber 14,  1839.  His  parents,  William  E.  and 
Christiana  (Clenney)  Beeks,  were  natives  re- 
spectively of  Ohio  and   Indiana. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  the  first  born  in 
their  family  of  six  children,  was  reared  to  farm 
life  and  followed  that  calling  until  1862,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Ninety-sixth  Regiment  of 
Indiana  Infantry.  Participating  in  the  battle 
of  Eichmond,  Kentucky,  he  was  wounded  by  a 
musket  ball,  and  has  ever  since  been  incapaci- 
tated for  physical  labor.     He  was  discharged  on 


account  of  this  wound,  after  ber\ing  about  nine 
months.      He  is  now  receiving  a  small   pension. 

Soon  after  his  return  home  from  the  war,  he 
located  at  Wabash,  Indiana,  and  seven  years 
afterward  he  removed  to  Nodaway  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  four  years  after  that  again  to  Mills 
county,  Iowa.  He  was  in  the  latter  county, 
however,  but  a  few  months,  when  he  came  to 
Washington  county,  Oregon.  Since  1879  he 
has  been  a  resident  of  the  county  where  he  now 
lives.  His  farm  is  located  twelve  and  a  half 
miles  east  of  Goldendale.  It  comprises  320 
acres,  all  of  which  is  enclosed,  and  he  has  180 
acres  in  cultivation.  He  raises  live  stock  as  his 
jirincipal  occupation. 

Politically,  Mr.  Beeks  is  a  stalwart  Republi- 
can. He  takes  an  active  interest  in  educational 
work,  and  is  now  a  Director  of  school  district 
No.  15.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R.,  holding  his  membership  in  Baker  Post, 
No.  20,  and  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Order 
of  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

He  has  been  married  twice.  August  30, 
1863,  in  Indiana,  he  married  Elizabeth  McDan- 
iel,  a  native  of  Oliio,  and  they  had  one  son, 
Joseph  E.  In  April,  1873,  in  Missouri,  he 
mai-ried  Emeline  Rees,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
by  this  union  there  were  two  daughters:  Min- 
nie M.  and  Eva  E. 


rj|^^^ 


C'^HARLES  McDOUALL,  one  of  the  lead- 
\\  ing  farmers  and  representative  men  in  the 
-.^  vicinity  of  Medical  Lake,  is  Postmaster 
of  the  town,  and  we  offer  the  following  brief 
sketch  of  his  life. 

Mr.  McDouall  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
18-18,  next  to  the  yoiingest  of  six  children  of 
Peter  and  Sarah  (Lang)  McDouall.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  his  mother  of 
New  Jersey.  The  former  came  to  America 
about  the  time  he  reached  his  majority  and  set- 
tled in  Pennsylvania.  In  1852  he  went  to  Iowa 
and  engaged  in  farming,  and  in  1867  continued 
his  way  westward  to  California,  located  at  Santa 
Rosa  and  established  himself  in  the  merchandise 
business.  He  came  to  Washington  in  1882  and 
settled  on  Puget  Sound,  where  he  died  in  1880. 
Mr.  McDouall's  mother  is  still  living,  and  makes 
her  home  with  him. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  at 
Cornell    College,    Mount    Vernon,    Iowa.       He 


BlsrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


came  with  his  parents  to  the  far  West,  and  for  a 
time  was  engaged  as  clerk  in  California.  In 
1879  he  came  to  AVashincrton,  and,  after  spend- 
ing one  year  in  Walla  Walla  and  one  year  on 
the  Sonnd,  finally  located  in  Spokane  county. 
Here  he  bought  160  acres  of  laud,  a  mile  and  a 
half  northwest  of  Medical  Lake,  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising,  making  a  specialty 
of  raising  a  tine  grade  of  horses. 

Mr.  McDonall  takes  an  active  interest  in  po- 
litical affairs.  In  1886  he  was  elected  County 
Commissioner,  and  served  one  term  of  two 
years.  In  J  une,  1892,  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment as  Postmaster  of  Medical  Lake. 
Since  1890  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  State 
Insane  Asylum,  having  been  appointed  as  such 
by  the  (-rovernor  of  Washiugton.  Of  pleasing 
addre.-s,  frank  and  cordial  with  his  fellow  men, 
public-spirited  and  generous,  Mr.  McDouall  has 
hosts  of  friends  here  and  is  eminently  iitted 
for  the  public  positions  he  occupiies.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fratei-iiity  and  of  the 
Congregational  Church. 

In  1872  Mr.  McDouall  was  married  to  Miss 
Jennie  Yales,  a  native  of  Missouri,  daughter  of 
William  Yales.  She  went  to  California  with  her 
parents  in  1852.  They  have  three  children:  Mar- 
garet, Kenneth  and  Edith. 

M  NDEEAV  LEFEVRE,  engaged  iu  the  real- 
»L4\    estate  business  in  Medical  Lake,  was  born 
//    ii   in   Montreal,  Canada,  in    1824,  a   son  of 
V  Peter  and  Margaret  (Osea)  Lefevre,  also 

natives  of  Canada.  Our  subject  received  no 
educational  advantages,  and  was  engaged  in 
farming  in  Canada  until  twenty-three  years  of 
age.  In  1851  he  removed  to  California,  where 
he  engaged  in  mining  three  years,  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  Siskiyou  county,  that 
State,  and  in  September,  1850,  removed  to 
Walla  Walla,  AVashington,  to  fight  the  Indians. 
In  1872  Mr.  Lefevre  moved  to  and  located 
the  town  site  of  Medical  Lake,  where  he  is  one 
of  the  largest  land  owners  in  the  city.  He  also 
contributed  largelj'  to  the  establishment  of  the 
Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  this  place.  Politi- 
cally, he  votes  with  the  Democratic  party,  and 
has  held  the  office  of  County  Commissioner  one 
term. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Canada,  to  Miss 
May,  of  English  descent,  who  lived  but  three 
years   after   her  marriage.     To  that   union  was 


born  two  children,  both  now  deceased.  In  1862, 
at  Walla  Walla,  Mr.  Lefevre  married  Miss 
Annie  Foriest,  a  native  of  Canadi<,  and  they  had 
six  children,  two  of  whom  survive,  and  are  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  stock-raising  with  their 
father.  The  wife  and  mother  died  twelve  years 
after  her  marriage,  and  in  1875  the  father  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Jane  Kimbell,  a 
native  of  Illinois.  Mr.  Lefevre  has  one  of  the 
finest  residences  in  the  city,  the  same  being  val- 
ued at  $10,000,  and  containing  all  modern  im- 
provements. Our  subject  is  one  of  the  most 
progressive  and  enterprising  men  of  Medical 
Lake;  is  respected  by  all  who  know  him,  and  is 
a  credit  to  the  State  and  country.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church  of  this  city. 


4^ 


v^^^ 


> 


'-IpHOMAS  CAMPBELL,  a  merchant  of 
I  Medical  Lake,  was  born  in  Illinois,  in 
J  1857,  a  son  of  David  and  Susan  (McMil- 
"f  Ian)  Campbell.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  came  to  America  in  1832,  locating  in 
Philadelphia.  Pennsylvania.  The  mother  was  a 
a  native  of  the  United  States,  of  Scotch  descent. 
Thomas,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  Du  Page  county, 
Illinois,  and  in  1872  he  entered  the  Elgin  Acad- 
emy, where  he  took  a  commercial  course.  After 
leaving  that  school  he  remained  at  home  until 
1878,  in  which  year  he  located  near  Medical 
Lake,  Washington.  He  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing there  for  six  years,  when,  in  1884,  he  em- 
barked in  the  mercantile  business  in  this  city. 
Mr.  Campbell  is  a  thorough  gentleman,  an  en- 
terprising citizen,  and  a  leading  merchant  of 
Medical  Lake.  He  has  a  large  trade  from  all 
the  surrounding  counties.  In  his  political  views, 
he  is  a  stanch  believer  in  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party. 

In  1881,  our  subject  was  united  in  mariiage 
to  Miss  Kittie  M.  Fancher,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
but  subsequently  a  resident  of  California.  At 
the  time  of  her  marriage  she  was  a  resident  of 
Spokane  county. 

-o^  ■ ■'  •'3-'     J*  '^*  *= •  ^'^ 

ILBUR  S.  GLASS,  a   member  of  the 
law   firm    of  Hyde,   Glass   &   Reagan, 
^     Spokane,  Washington,  was  born   at  Le 
Roy,  below  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1852,  sou 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


of  Cliesocr  F.  and  Mary  (Ijrown)  Glass.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  tlie  Empire  State  and  was 
by  occnpation  a  contractor  and  builder.  Wil- 
bur S.  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  tiiree  chil- 
dren. His  parents  having  moved  to  Hiinois 
when  he  was  quite  young,  he  received  liis  early 
education  in  the  public  sciiool>  ot  that  State  and 
afterward  attended  the  Hiinois  State  I'uiversity 
at  Champaign  and  took  a  law  course  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Hiinois,  in  June,  1878.  In  1880  he  moved 
to  South  Dakota  and  located  at  Watertown, 
wjiere  he  remained  until  September,  1891.  He 
tlien  spent  a  short  time  at  Minneapolis,  Minne- 
sota, and  in  1892  came  to  Spokane.  In  Feb- 
ruary of  thig  year  he  became  a  member  of  the 
fii-m  with  wdiicli  he  is  now  identified,  and  al- 
though a  recent  acquisition  to  this  city  he  has 
made  many  friends  here. 

A  Republican  in  politics,  he  is  devoted  to  the 
principles  of  protection  and  is  thoroughly  in  ac- 
cord with  his  party  in  all  its  living  issues.  Mr. 
Glass  is  quiet  and  unassuming  in  his  manner, 
and  is  withal  a  perfect  gentieinau.  His  many 
friends  at  Spokane  and  elsewhere  will  watch 
\\\\\\  interest  his  future  career. 


lOMFSON  M.  McKINiNEY,  one  of  the 

promising  young  lawyers  of  Spokane, 
Washington,  dates  his  birth  in  Sunburj, 
J'ennsylvania,  July  8,  1864.  His  father, 
Kobert  McKinney,  was  horn  in  Ireland,  and  his 
mother,  nee  Annie  Young,  although  a  native  of 
Xew  York  city,  was  reared  in  Ireland.  Although 
Ills  youthful  days  were  spent  on  the  farm,  his 
father  l)eing  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  had  the  best  of  educa- 
tional advantages  and  improved  the  same.  He 
took  a  preparatory  course  at  West  Sunbury 
Academy,  after  which  he  entered  Westminster 
College,  New  Wilmington,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  completed  a  classical  course,  graduating  with 
the  degree  of  A.  E.  in  1889. 

Having  finished  his  college  course,  Mr.  Mc- 
Kinney came  West  and  located  at  Waitsburg, 
Washington,  where  he  was  principal  of  the 
Waitsburg  Academy  a  year  and  a  half.  In 
1890  he  came  to  Spokane  and  entered  the  law 
firm  of  Henley  &  Scott.  That  firm  being  dis- 
solved in  1891,  he  subsequently  formed  a  part- 
nersliip,  first  with  Mr.  Ross,  and  afterward  with 


S.  Aug.  Johnston,  with  whom  he  is  now  a.-^o- 
ciated.  Notwithstanding  he  has  resided  in  this 
city  so  short  a  time,  he  has  establisiied  himself 
well  in  business  here  and  has  made  hosts  of 
friends.  Mr.  McKinney  is  a  thorough  scholar 
and  a  perfect  gentleman.  Possessing  grace  of 
manner  himself,  he  has  the  happy  faculty  of 
making  others  feel  at  ease  with  him. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Spokane,  and  is  Secretary  of  the 
same. 

YLYESTER  HEATH,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Spokane,  Washington,  and  one 
of  its  most  prtiminent  citizens,  is  a  native 
of  Indiana,  born  in  1847.  His  parents,  John 
and  Sarah  (Glass)  Heath,  were  natives  of  North 
Carolina  and  Indiana  respectively,  and  of  their 
nine  children  lie  was  the  youngest.  His  father 
went  to  Indiana  when  quite  young,  spent  his 
life  on  a  farm  iii  that  State,  and  died  there,  in 
1888.  His  maternal  ancestors  were  natives  of 
Germany.  Grandfather  and  Grandmother  Glass 
came  to  America  at  an  early  day  and  located  on 
a  farm  in  Indiana. 

Mr.  Heath  received  his  education  in  tlie  pub- 
lic schools  of  Indianapolis,  graduating  at  the 
high  school  there,  in  1870.  He  was  enjployed 
as  bookkeeper  six  years,  and  afterward  was  en- 
gaged in  various  occupations  until  1878,  when 
he  came  West.  One  year  he  lived  in  Walla 
Walla.  The  following  yeai',  1879,  he  took  up 
his  abode  in  Spokane  Falls,  at  that  time  a  hamlet 
containing  less  than  a  dozen  families.  Here  he 
was  employed  as  clerk  for  Mr.  Cannon,  with 
whom  he  remained  about  two  years.  In  1881 
he  was  appointed  Postmaster,  he  being  the  third 
postmaster  of  the  town,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  seven  years.  When  he  entered  the 
office  its  business  was  but  trifii.ng.  At  the  end 
of  his  term,  however,  it  had,  with  the  growth  of 
the  towu,_ increased  to  a  large  extent.  In  1885 
Mr.  Heath  opened  a  book  store,  beginning  with 
a  capital  of  $50,  and  in  1889,  at  the  time  of  the 
great  fire,  his  stock  was  valued  at  $20,000.  He 
was  one  of  the  early  promoters  of  the  Ross  Park 
i-aih'oad,  and  served  as  treasurer  of  the  com- 
paTiy.  In  1880  he  entered  160  acres  north  of 
Spokane,  and  subsequently  purchased  160  acres 
of  adjoining  land.  On  this  track  is  now  situ- 
ated the  beautiful  suburb  of  North  Side.  Here, 
in  1889,  he  erected  his  tine  residence,  one  of  the 


S44 


It  I  STOUT    OF    WASIIINCrTON. 


handsomest  homes  in  Spokane.  It  is  tinished 
and  furnished  throughout  in  the  most  complete 
manner  and  is  surrounded  with  fine  orchard  and 
attractive  lawn.  Mr.  Heath  also  owns  a  good 
farm,  seven  miles  west  of  Spokane. 

He  was  married,  in  1880,  to  Miss  Ida  E. 
Ellis,  a  native  of  Oregon  and  a  daughter  of  As- 
bury  Ellis,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  that  State. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church  and  of 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  iiis  wife  is  a  Meth- 
odist. 

'-■-^^m^w^ — 

Dl  F.  PEKCIVAL,  one  of  the  most  promi- 
I  nent  business  men  of  Cheney,  Washing- 
— -  ton,  was  born  in  Bangor,  Maine,  in  1839. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  great  Civil  war,  and  was 
present  at  the  fall  of  Richmond  and  the  surren- 
der of  Lee  at  Appomattox  Court  House.  After 
the  close  of  the  struggle  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged, returned  to  Maine,  and  in  1866  crossed 
the  plains  to  St.  Joe,  Missouri.  From  that  year 
until  1872  he  traveled  in  California  and  Oregon, 
and  in  the  latter  year  settled  on  a  stock  farm 
near  Cheney,  Washington,  where  he  remained 
until  1880.  Mr.  Percival  served  as  County 
Commissioner  of  Stevens  county  from  1875  to 
1876,  and  from  1877  to  1879  was  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature.  The  following  year 
he  came  to  Cheney,  where  he  lias  held  the  po- 
sition of  Mayor  tive  terms.  He  was  one  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  Eastern  Washington  Insane  Asy- 
lum from  1880  to  1884;  was  president  of  the 
Bank  of  Cheney,  and  also  president  of  the  First 
National  Bank. 

Mr.  Bercival  was  married  in  1873.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  bankers  in  this  city,  and  the 
most  progressive  of  her  citizens.  He  has  been 
at  the  head  of  all  enterprises  that  have  mate- 
rially advanced  the  city's  interest,  has  proven 
himself  a  gentleman  of  culture  and  refinement, 
a  finished  conversationalist,  and  never  tires  of 
relating  the  trials  and  experiences  of  the  pioneers 
of  Wasliington,  with  which  vicissitudes  he  was 
familiar. 

SG.  GE.UBB,  manager  the  (Iheney  Water 
Works,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1834,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Catherine 
(Graff)  Grubb,  natives  also  of  that  State.  Tiie 
f  ither  was   a   farmer  by  occnpation.     Our  sub- 


ject was  educated  at  Alleghany  College  at 
Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  and,  after  completing 
his  education,  was  engaged  in  teaching  school 
two  years  in  Illinois.  He  next  became  a  soldier 
in  the  late  war,  joining  Battery  C,  First  Illinois 
Light  Artillery,  and  immediately  went  to  Cairo, 
Illinois,  to  joiTi  General  IT.  S.  Grant.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Belmont,  Island  No. 
10,  Corinth,  St(nie  Eiver,  Chickamauga,  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  Lookout  Mountain,  and  the  At- 
lanta campaign.  The  principal  engagements  of 
the  last  named  were  Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peach  Tree  Creek  and  siege  of  Atlanta,  con- 
cluding with  the  battle  of  Jonesboro.  At  this 
time  he  obtained  leave  of  absence  for  one  month, 
rejoined  his  command,  and  started  on  the  famous 
march  to  the  sea.  Mr.  Grubb  was  at  the  battle 
of  Savannah,  in  the  various  engagements  in  the 
North  through  the  Carolinas,  and  was  at  the 
grand  review  at  AV^ashington.  In  June,  1865, 
he  was  discharged,  after  which  he  began  m.er- 
chandisingin  Chicago;  later  entered  the  lumber 
business  in  Michigan,  and  in  1884  located  on  a 
ranch  near  Cheney,  Washington.  In  1888  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, and  to  the  same  body  v.'hen  Washington 
was  admitted  as  a  State.  He  is  the  present 
manager  of  the  Cheney  Water  Works,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  enterprising  citizens  in  the  city. 
In  1ST4.  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Emeline  Burrows,  a  native  of  New 
York.  They  have  one  daughter,  Lola,  aged 
eighteen  years,  who  is  now  attending  the  nor- 
mal school.  Mr.  Grubb  has  a  beautiful  home 
in  Cheney,  also  other  real  estate  in  the  city,  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  George  Wright  I'ost, 
No.  23,  and  votes  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  is  among  tlie  early  pioneers  of  this  section, 
and  is  particularly  proud  of  his  war  record,  as 
well  he  may  be. 

d|0SEPH  S.  MOUNT,  a  capitalist  of  Cheney, 
was  born  in  Washington,  Pennsylvania,  in 
'  1819,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Phoebe  (Conk- 
lin)  Mount,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
the  latter  of  New  Jersey.  The  father  was  a 
merchant  by  occupation.  Joseph  S.  was  edu- 
cated by  private  tutors  in  Pennsylvania.  After 
completing  his  education  he  resided  in  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1840.  and 
in   that  year  embarked  in  the   mercantile  busi- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ness  in  Painesville,  that  State.  In  1880  Mr. 
Mount  came  West,  to  Cheney,  Washington, 
where  he  opened  a  real-estate  office,  and  lias 
also  held  the  position  of  City  Treasurer.  He  is 
a  capitalist,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  citi- 
zens of  Cheney. 

In  1877  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
J.  M.  Meyers,  a  native  of  Ohio.  Politically, 
Mr.  ^[ounls  is  identified  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  in  1S8()  he  served  as  a  delegate  to 
the  Territorial  Convention.  He  is  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  Cheney,  and  is  es- 
teemed  by  all  who  know  him. 


JILLIAM  J.  SUTTON,  Principal  of  the 
State  Normal  School  of  Cheney,  Wash- 
^  ington,  was  born  in  Michigan,  in  18(15, 
a  son  of  Levi  and  Sarah  (Coodenaugh)  Sutton,  the 
former  a  native  of  New  York,  and  the  latter  of 
Michio-an.  William  J.,  the  third  in  a  family 
of  four  children,  was  educated  in  the  puMic 
^chools  of  his  native  State,  and  also  took  a 
normal  course,  graduating  in  1886.  He  then 
took  up  the  profession  of  teacher,  which  he 
has  followed  to  the  present  time.  In  1887  he 
was  elected  principal  of  the  public  schools  at 
Cheney,  Washington,  organized  the  public  school 
system  of  this  i-ity.  wliicli  has  been  of  great 
credit,  and  has  prciveu  himself  an  educator  of 
high  ability.  In  1800  Mr.  Sutton  w:,s  elected 
assistant  principal  of  the  State  Nwniial  Sch.nil 
of  Cheney,  holdino;  that  position  until  recently, 
when,  in  June,  1892,  he  was  elected  its  princi- 
pal. He  has  re-organized  the  school,  put  it 
upon  a  substantial  basis,  and  it  now  has  a 
faculty  of  six  teachers,  and  an  attendance  of 
110  piipils. 

Socially,  Mr.  Sutton  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order.  He  is  a  scholarly  man,  well  read 
in  all  educational  matters,  and  his  selection  as 
principal  of  the  State  Normal  School  meets 
with  general  approval. 


E'VERETT  SMITH,  of  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  the  little  town  of  Derby, 
1   New  Haven  county,   Connecticut,  April 

9,  1862.    His  pi-ogenitor  emigrant,  John  Smith, 
wag  a  native  of  England,  but  removed  to  Amer- 


ica about  1687,  settling  at  Milford,  Connecticut, 
descendants  subsequently  scattering  through 
that  State.  E.  S.  Smith,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  Washington,  Connecticut, 
where  the  family  have  resided  for  about  100 
years.  He  married  Miss  Eliza  Holbrook,  a 
native  of  Massachusetts,  whose  ancestors  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  that  State. 

Everett  Smith  ])repared  for  college  in  the 
Hopkins  grammar  school  in  New  Haven,  the 
oldest  educational  institution  in  Connecticut, 
and  graduated  with  the  219th  annual  class  in 
1879.  In  1883  he  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College;  two  years  later  graduated  at  the  Yale 
Law  School,  and  was  immediately  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  Connecticut.  AVhile 
castino-  about  for  a  location  for  settlement,  his 
attentfon  was  turned  to  Seattle,  and  in  August, 
1885,  he  landed  in  this  favored  city  without  an 
acquaintance  in  the  Northwest.  Soon  after 
arrival  Mr.  Smith  was  employed  by  the  law 
firm  of  Ibirke  &  Ilaller,  but  one  year  later 
opened  an  office  for  himself,  since  which  time, 
with  the  exception  of  one  year  with  Thomas  R. 
Shepard  and  Job  P.  Lyon,  has  continued 
alone.  He  has  never  taken  up  criminal  law, 
but  aside  from  that  has  followed  a  general 
practice,  giving  particular  attention  to  probate 
business.  Mr.  Smith  has  also  dealt  quite  ex- 
tensively in  real  estate,  much  of  which  he  has 
improved  by  buildin::  houses  for  rent,  Ijesides 
erecting  the  Leader  building,  on  Front  street, 
between  P.ell  and  Battery.  He  also  owns  val- 
uable property  on  Lake  Washington,  where  he 
resides.  During  the  Chinese  riots  of  1886  our 
subject  joined  the  Home  Guards,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  defending  the  city.  After  i)eace 
was  restored  he  became  a  member  of  Company 
P,  of  the  volunteer  militia,  remaining  with  the 
company  until  the  Territory  was  admitted  into 
the  Union. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in 
marriage,  in  1888,  to  Miss  Mary  F.  Dibble,  a 
native  of  Seymour,  Connecticut.  They  have 
two  children,  Harold  and  Everett.  In  politics 
Mr.  Smith  came  to  the  Territory  as  an  earnest 
Republican,  but  his  ardor  was  cooled  when  he 
found  the  chairman  of  the  State  Central  Com- 
mittee of  that  party  a  wholesale  liquor  dealer, 
and  the  machinery  of  both  county  and  city 
party  organizations  in  servile  subjection  to  the 
liquor  interests.  After  experimenting  for  him- 
self the  folly  and  waste  of  endorsing  candida'e-^ 
of  other  parties,  he  struck  out   for   independent 


HTSTORT     OF    WA8HI1SGT0N. 


political  action,  and  helped  organize  the  first 
diftinctly  Prohiliition  party  in  the  city.  Ever 
since  then  he  has  devoted  time,  money  and  per- 
sonal work  to  the  advancement  of  the  Pro- 
hihitiuii  party  without  compromises.  lie 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  State  Central  Committee  since 
the  lirst  State  convention  in  1888,  and  has  fre- 
quently been  a  candidate  on  his  county  and 
State  tickets.  Mr.  Smith  takes  an  annual  sum- 
mer outing  and  tramp  in  the  mountains.  In 
August,  1886,  he  was  one  of  a  small  party  to 
ascend  Mount  Rainier  from  the  northwest  side, 
but,  reaching  an  altitude  of  13,800  feet,  fur- 
ther progress  seemed  impracticable,  and  by 
later  attempts  it  has  been  demonstrated  that 
the  ascent  from  that  side  is  impossible.  Since 
coming  to  the  city  Mr.  Smith  has  been  closely 
identified  with  its  progress  and  development, 
and  is  evir  ready  with  a  helping  hand  to  fur- 
ther enterprises  whicli  tend  toward  its  aggran- 
dizement and  glory. 

LEIGH   S.   J.    HUNT,  proprietor  of    The 
I    Seattle  Post-Intelligencer,  was  born  on  a 
i   farm    near    Columbia    City,    Indiana,  in 

August,  ^  1855.  His  parents,  Franklin  ard 
Martha  (Long)  Hunt,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State.  After  completing  his  education  in  1879 
he  went  to  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in 
teaching  school,  subsequently  becoming  Prin- 
cipal. There  his  reputation  as  an  educator  was 
establiirhed,  and  some  time  later  he  was  engaged 
as  Supei-intendent  of  the  Schools  at  Mount 
Pltasant  and  Des  Moines,  and  still  later  as 
Piesident  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  at 
Ames,  Iowa.  In  1886  he  came  to  Seattle  and 
engaged  in  a  business  career.  He  has  since 
been  identified  with  the  interests  of  this  city. 


LLEN  R.  GRAHAM  has  been  identified 
lij\  with  the  agricultural  interests  of  Klicki- 
i\  tat  valley  for  a  number  of  years,  coming 
here  in  1870,  and  in  1875  taking  up  a 
homeste%d  two  miles  east  of  Centreville.  He 
is  a  native  of  Oregon,  born  in  "Washington 
ciiun'y,  September  29,  1855.  His  parents  are 
John  and  Caroline  M,  (AYhite)  Graham,  natives 


of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  respectively.  The  mother  has  been 
a  resident  of  (Jregon  since  18-14,  and  the  father 
also  emigrated  to  the  State  in  the  '40s.  He 
visited  California  during  the  excitement  follow- 
ing the  gold  discoveries  of  1849,  but  returneii 
to  Oregon.  The  family  removed  to  Washing- 
ton in  1871,  and  were  residents  of  that  State  a 
number  of  years.  The  parents  now  reside  in 
Sherman  county,  Oregon,  where  Mr.  Graham  is 
engaged  in  raising  live  stock. 

As  before  stated,  young  Mr.  Graham  took  up 
a  homestead  in  1875;  this  tract  contains  280 
acres,  all  of  which  is  under  cultivation,  produ- 
cing abundant  harvests. 

Our  worthy  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Cila  E.  Saxton,  June  30.  1874.  Mrs. 
(iraham  is  a  native  of  Illinois.  Of  this  union 
eight  ciiildren  have  been  born:  Mary  E.,  Ed- 
ward A.,  Luther  E.,  Frank  A.,  Roy  E.,  Harry 
A..  Ora  M.,  and  Bertha  A.  Mr.  Graham  fully 
realizes  the  importance  of  affording  to  every 
child  of  the  nation  a  good  education,  and  has 
been  deeply  interested  in  the  establisiiing  of  a 
thorough  public-school  system.  He  is  the 
present  Director  of  school  district  Xo.  22. 
Politically,  he  adheres  to  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party.  Fraternally,  he  is  associ- 
ated with  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  of  Goldendale  and 
with  tlie  Knights  of  Pythias,  being  Vice-C^han- 
cellor  of  Mount  Adams  Lodge,  No.  95,  of 
Centerville.  A  man  of  sterling  worth,  he  is 
highly  esteemed  throughout  the  county. 


G 


HARLES  M.  RYMAX,  one  of  the  most 
popular  educators  of  the  State,  and  the 
present  Superintendent  of  Schools  in 
Klickitat  county,  Washington,  is  a  native  of  In- 
diana, born  in  Sullivan  county,  July  29,  1857. 
His  parents  were  John  and  Margaret  (McKin- 
ney)  Ryman,  also  Indianans  by  birth;  the  father 
died  in  1857,  and  the  mother  afterward  removed 
to  Clark  county,  Illinois.  There  Charles  M. 
grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  educntion  in 
the  public  schools;  he  was  a  student  in  the  com- 
mercial college  at  Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  in  1879, 
and  the  following  year  he  began  teaching.  He 
has  devoted  his  time  and  energies  to  this  pro- 
fession and  has  won  an  enviable  reputation 
throughout  the  country. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Desirous  of  making  a  home  on  the  Pacific 
coast  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1886,  and 
taught  for  two  years  in  Marion  county.  He 
tlien  made  a  trip  to  the  East,  and  before  iiis  re- 
turn he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Mahala 
Piety  of  Indiana,  this  happy  ceremony  being 
solemnized  March  21,  1889. 

I'lion  his  return  to  the  coast  Mr.  Rymaii  set- 
tled in  Goldendale  and  for  a  period  of  four 
years  was  one  of  the  leading  teachers  in  the  city 
schools.  In  the  fall  of  1892  he  was  elected 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  a  position  for 
which  he  has  shown  a  peculiar  fitness,  and  one 
he  lias  filled  with  great  satisfaction  to  his  con- 
stituency and  to  the  .patrons  of  the  schools. 

Politically,  he  affiliates  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  is  a  metnber  of  the  Masotiic  order 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Altliough  the  duties  of 
his  office  are  arduous  he  finds  time  to  direct  the 
cultivation  of  160  acres,  a  tract  that  he  owns, 
lying  twenty  miles  northwest  of  the  city. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ryrnan  have  had  two  children, 
Mabel,  and  a  little  daughter  named  Goldie  who 
died  in  infancy. 


D^ANIEL  H.  LAMBERT,  one  of  the  sub- 
I  stantiHl  farmers  of  Clarke  county,  is 
— -  liigiily  esteemed  in  tliecomniunitv,  where 
he  has  resided  n)aiiy  years.  Following  is  a  brief 
outline  of  his  personal  history:  He  was  born 
in  the  State  ot  New  York,  March  18,  1830,  a 
son  of  George  T.  and  Hannah  (Snover)  Lam- 
bert, natives  of  the  Empire  State  and  descend- 
ants of  tlie  early  New  England  settlers.  The 
father  was  a  brick-mason  by  trade,  and  his  son 
was  well  trained  in  this  occupation.  In  1855 
the  family  emigrated  to  the  Pacific  coast,  mak- 
ing tne  journey  by  water,  but  Daniel  H.  re- 
mained until  1860  in  Colorado  tiiines,  having 
emigrated  there  in  1858.  In  1860  he,  too,  set 
out  for  the  "  land  of  promise,"  but  took  the 
more  tedious  route  overland. 

Mr.  Lambert  has  come  to  be  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading  agriculturists  of  the  county: 
he  owns  a  tract  of  440  acres  of  choice  farming 
land.  He  has  placed  eighty  acres  under  good 
cultivation;  has  planted  three  acres  in  tine  vari- 
eties of  fruits,  and  has  200  acres  of  natural 
timber.  He  carries  on  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness, and  for  a  number  of  years  had  a  dairy. 
Although   he  is  nuw    past   sixty-thrte   years  of 


age  he  retains  the  vigor  of  early  manhood:  he 
has  contributed  his  share  to  the  development  of 
farming  lands  in  this  locality,  and  has  aided  in 
demonstrating  that  Clarke  county  is  at  least  one 
of  the  garden  spots  of  the  country.  In  politics 
he  is  a  stanch  and  steadfast  Republican,  and  for 
several  years  served  the  people  of  this  commun- 
ity as  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

His  marriage-  to  Miss  Sarah  Snover  oc- 
curred in  New  York  State,  March  8,  1854-. 
Four  children  were  born  to  them,  two  are  de- 
ceased and  those  living  being  Edward  and  Eva, 
the  latter  the  wife  of  Joshua  E.  Metcalfe,  a 
farmer  living  in  Clarke  county.  Mrs  Lambert 
is  now  deceased. 


REDERICK     .v.    POWELL,   real-estate, 


II  loan  and  insurance  bi'iiker,  Centralia,  has 
^  been  prominent  in  business  circles  in  this 
city  since  1889.  He  is  well-inr.innc^l  upon  the 
values  of  real  estate  throughout  the  county,  and 
is  familiar  with  the  manufacturing  and  agricul- 
tural resources  of  this  and  the  surrounding 
country.  Authentic  information  in  regard  to 
all  classes  of  property,  soil  and  natural  re- 
sources will  be  cheerfully  given  if  communica- 
tions are  forwarded  to  Mr.  Powell.  He  also 
represents  a  number  of  the  most  reliable  fire- 
insurance  con\panies  of  the  country,  and  is 
ticket  agent  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

With  a  marked  apitude  for  many  details  of 
business  Mi-.  Powell's  nativity  is  easily  traced  to 
New  England.  He  was  born  in  the  Green  ' 
Mountain  State,  November  30.  1865,  the  son  of 
George  W.  and  Mary  E.  (Morgan)  Powell,  also 
natives  of  Vermont.  They  reared  a  family  of 
five  sons,  of  whom  Frederick  A.  is  the  fourth  in 
order  of  birth.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  State,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1884,  wdien  he  bade  farewell  to 
his  New  England  home  and  went  to  Nebraska; 
he  entered  the  business  college  of  Lincoln,  and 
finished  course  in  1886.  His  first  business 
ventures  were  in  real-estate  transactions,  and  for 
two  years  he  was  connected  WMth  the  real-estate 
and  loan  firm  of  E.  M.  Hill  &  Sons,  Beatrice, 
Nebraska.  He  was  engaged  in  business  for  a 
year  in  Clay  county,  Minnesota,  and  in  1889 
permanently  located  in  (Centralia,  Washington. 
Here  he  has  done  a  large  and  lucrative  l)nsiness. 
He  at  once  identified  himself  with  that  class  of 


nrSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


men  who  win  success,  and  are  the  cental- of  that 
progressive  spirit  characteristic  of  the  West. 

In  politics  lie  is  allied  to  the  Republican 
])Hrty,  and  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  its  princi- 
ples. In  1890  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
Seliool  Board,  and  the  following  year  was 
elected  City  Assessor.  He  is  now  serving  his 
second  term  as  City  Treasurer,  and  has  the  en- 
tire approval  of  the  public  in  his  administration 
of  public  afl'airs. 

Mr.  Powell  was  united  in  marriage  in  Min- 
nesota, December  19,  1888,  to  Miss  Mary  F. 
Leigliton,  a  native  of  Vermont. 

~ '^■^t^ 

TfTfENKY    L.    CAPLES,  a  prominent    law 
rpil    practitioner  of  Vancouver,  was    born  in 
J     li    Jeromesville,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  An- 
■^  gust  19,  1823,  a  son  of  Robert  F.  Caples. 

Tlie  latter,  a  native  of  Maryland,  was  a  lawyer 
and  merchant  by  occupation,  and  located  in  New 
Philadelphia,  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  in  1810. 
His  wife  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
German  extraction.  The  Caples  family  were  of 
Scotch  English  extraction,  and  came  to  America 
in  the  Mayllowei-.  The  grandfathers  of  our 
subject,  on  both  sides,  participated  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  and  Robert  F.  Caples  commanded 
a  company  under  General  Cass,  in  the  war  of 
1812.  His  deiith  occurred  September  19,  1834, 
bis  wife  surviving  him  until  1852. 

Henry  L..  the  sixth  of  ten  children, —  eight 
sons  and  two  daughters, — was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  bis  native  State.  When  a  lad  of  twelve 
years  he  served  an  apprenticeship  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  later  in  life  studied  law,  and  was  duly 
admitted  to  practice.  In  1852  he  cast  his  lot 
with  the  young  and  rapidly  growing  State  of 
Washington,  crossing  the  plains  by  the  old 
emigrant  route,  and  locating  in  Clarke  county. 
After  arriving  here  Mr.  Caples  was  engaged  iu 
fanning  about  twelve  years,  when  he  again  re- 
snmed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  a  stanch  and  steadfast  Democrat,  al- 
though not  active,  but,  had  he  chosen  to  enter 
the  liekl  of  politics  he  might  have  achieved 
distinguished  honors.  Politics,  however,  had 
no  power  to  lure  liim  from  the  path  he  had 
chosen,  although  he  represented  his  county  in 
the  Territorial  Legislature  from  1855  until 
1861.  During  the  forty  years  of  his  residence 
in  this    State,  twelve    years  of  that  time    was 


passed  east  of  the  mountains.  Mr.  Caples  re- 
turned to  Vancouver  in  1890,  and  since  that 
time  has  served  as  Deputy  County  Clerk. 

He  was  married  in  Ohio,  August  11,  1846,  to 
Miss  Margaret  K.  Staley,  a  native  of  Maryland.' 
Six  of  their  nine  children  are  still  living,  as 
follows:  Henry  R. ;  Lillie,  now  Mrs.  AY.  W. 
McColley;  Rose,  wife  of  H.  T.  Spedden;  Doug- 
lass; Cliarles  W.;'and  Phillip  L.  The  deceased 
are:  Edith,  who  died  in  1849;  Robert  F.,  in 
1873;  and  Mary,  in  1890.  In  person,  Mr. 
Caples  is  tall,  has  a  well-knit  form,  clear-cut 
and  pleasant  features,  which  are  often  lighted 
up  by  a  genial  smile.  He  is  dignified  in  de- 
portment and  carriage,  moving  with  a  firm,  de- 
cided step,  the  vigor  and  elasticity  of  which  the 
burden  of  three-score  years  have  failed  to  im- 
pair. 


rj[ON.  NATHANIEL  H  BLOOM  FIELD. 
rp-j     ex-Superior  Judge  of   Washington,    who 
II    41    has  probably  served  the  public   coutiuu- 
V  ously  for  more  years  than  any  one   )ef.i- 

dent  of  southwestern  Washington,  was  born  in 
Bowling  Green,  Kentucky,  November  21,  185U, 
a  son  of  Joseph  M.  and  Mary  A.  (Hart)  Bloom- 
field.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Bavaria, 
Germany,  and  the  latter  of  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  and  of  Dutch-French  extraction. 
The  father  came  to  America,  settling  in  tlie 
Southern  States,  in  1835,  where  for  many  years 
he  was  a  contractor  and  railroad  builder,  and 
later  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  iu  St. 
Louis,  Missouri. 

Nathaniel  H.  Bloomfield,  the  only  cliild  of 
his  parents,  received  his  early  education  in 
Davenport,  Iowa,  and  completed  the  same  in 
the  Washington  University,  of  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, in  1869.  He  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Olympia,  Washington,  and  subsequently  took 
up  his  residence  in  Kalama,  this  State.  In  1871, 
Mr.  Bloomfield  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Judge  Elvvood  Evans,  of  Olympia,  later  prose- 
cuting' his  studies  with  the  Hon.  Thomas  A. 
McBride.  now  of  Oregon  City, and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1873,  before  Judge  Orange 
Jacobs,  now  of  Seattle.  The  same  year  he  be- 
gan practice  at  Kalama,  and  the  following  year, 
1874,  received  the  nomination  from  the  Repub- 
lican party  for  District  Attorney  of  the  then 
Second  Judicial  District  of  the  territory  com- 
prising  ten    counties — Wahkiakum,    Thurston, 


IIISTOllY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Mason,  Chehalis,  Pacific,  Lewis,  Cowlitz,  Clarke, 
Skamania,  and  Klickitat.  lie  was  defeated, 
however,  by  only  137  votes,  his  opponent  being 
the  Hon.  John  P.  Judson,  of  Oljnipia,  who,  in 
the  following  year,  was  defeated  for  Congress 
by  Judge  Orange  Jacobs.  In  1876,  Judge 
Bloomtield  was  again  the  Republican  nominee 
for  District  Attorney  of  the  same  district,  and 
was  elected,  liis  Democratic  opponent  being 
Judge  Columbia  Lancaster,  now  of  Vancouver, 
and  the  oldest  lawyer  of  the  district.  Two 
years  later  our  subject  \vas  again  elected  by  liis 
party  to  tlie  same  office,  there  liaving  been  no 
Democratic  opponent,  and  also  was  again  elected 
in  1880.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office,  in  1882,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Vancouver,  but  in  1889  was  the 
choice  of  his  party  for  Superior  Judge  for  the 
circuit  comprising  Pacific,  Wahkialciim,  Cow- 
litz, Clarke  and  Skamania  counties,  and  was 
elected.  His  Democratic  opponents  were  Ilnii. 
J.  A.  Munday,  and  ex-Chief  Justice  1>.  P.  Den- 
nison,  of  the  Independent  party.  Judge  Bloom- 
field  served  in  this  position  until  1890,  when 
Pacific  and  Wahkiakum  counties  were  taken 
off,  leaving  the  distinct  comprising  Clarke,  Cow- 
litz and  Skamania  counties.  He  resumed  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Vancouver,  in  January, 
1893,  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  this  city,  Xovem- 
ber  14,  1882,  to  Miss  Maria  Petrain,  a  native 
of  Clarke  county,  Washington,  and  tlie  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Joseph  Petrain,  of 
A^ancouver.  Socially,  Mr.  Ploomtield  affiliates 
with  the  K.  of  P.,  in  which  he  has  passed  all 
the  official  chairs. 

— •i^^Mm^^ — 

D\R.  JAMES  E.  STEVENS,  a  medical 
]  practitioner  and  druggist  of  La  Camas, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Dearborn  coun- 
ty, Indiana,  February  22,  1863,  a  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Elizabeth  (Bridwell)  Stevens,  natives 
respectively  of  Maryland  and  Ohio.  James  E., 
the  thinl  in  a  family  of  five  children,  lost  his 
father  hj  death  in  1876,  and  was  early  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources.  By  liis  own  energy 
and  perseverance  he  has  manfully  fought  the 
battle  of  life,  and  gained  for  himself  a  promi- 
nent place  among  the  medical  fraternity.  In 
early  life  he  worked  in  a  machine  shop,  and 
while  there  saved  the  necessary  means  to  carry 


him  through  his  lectures,  and  to  enable  him  to 
graduate  in  his  chosen  profession.  Dr.  Stevens 
first  studied  under  Dr.  N.  W.  Woodard,  an 
eminent  practitioner  of  Indianapolis,  graduated 
at  that  city  in  1887,  and  soon  after  completing 
his  lectures  took  a  trip  West.  After  his  return 
he  practiced  one  year  in  Indianapolis,  and  then 
located  at  Castle  Eock,  Washington.  Since 
April,  1892,  he  has  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice 
in  La  Camas,  and  also  conducts  the  only  drug 
establishment  in  this  thriving  village.     • 

The    Doctor  was   married    July  30,  1891,  to 
Miss  Jessie  A.  Moore,  a  native  of  Minnesota. 


EORGE  E.  COLE,  Spokane,  Washington, 
well  known  throughout  the  Northwest  as 
Governor  Cole,  is  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers of  this  secti(jn  of  the  country,  and 
.he  has  certainly  (hjiie  much  toward  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Suites  wliich  he  has  served  in  sev- 
eral official  r  ipacities. 

Mr.  Cole  is  a  native  of  New  York,  where  he 
was  born  in  Is^C).  He  came  to  Oregon  in  1850, 
when  that  Srate  embraced  the  present  States  of 
Washington  and  Idaho,  and  that  portion  of 
Montana  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  who  was  identified  with 
the  interests  of  Washington.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  in  the  Oregon  Legisla- 
ture during  the  session  of  1852-'53  to  draft 
a  memorial  to  C'ongress,  asking  for  the  organi- 
zation of  Washington  Territory.  He  moved  to 
Walla  Walla  in  1860,  and  three  years  later  he 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  being  the 
first  delegate  chosen  un  the  east  side  of  the 
mountains.  He  was  appointed  and  commis- 
sioned Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Washington 
by  Andrew  Johnson  in  1866,  and  he  served  as 
executive  officei-  of  the  Territory  until  March  4, 
1867.  Afterward  he  returned  to  Oregon  and 
M-as  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  Oregon 
&  California  Railroad  for  a  period  of  four  years, 
during  which  time  the  road  was  built  from  Port- 
land to  Roseburg.  He  was  appointed  Post- 
master of  Portland,  Oregon,  by  President  Grant 
in  1873,  and  M^as  re-appointed  by  President 
Hayes.  He  served  two  terms  and  three 
months,  in  a  most  efficient  manner.  His  second 
term  expired  April  1,  and  he  retired  June  30, 
1881.  Returning  to  private  life,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  construction  of  the  Northern   Pa- 


HISTORY    OF    WAsHfNGroy. 


cific  Eailroad  along  Clarke's  Fork  and  Pend 
de  "Oreille  Lake  during  the  year  1882, and  early 
in  1883  he  located  in  Spokane  county.  Since 
bis  residence  here  he  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  fanning,  milling  and  in  buying  and  shipping 
grain,  and  in  1888  lie  was  elected  Treasurer  of 
the  connty.  and  served  two  terms.  For  forty 
years  be  has  been  a  prominent  iigure  in  the  po- 
litical and  commercial  world  of  the  entire 
Northwest,  and  few  men  have  done  more  toward 
the  devplopinent  of  the  Northwest  than  he.  In 
fact,  his  name  is  a  household  word  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country. 

Personally,  Mr.  Cole  is  of  liglit  complexion 
and  is  rather  stout.  Pie  is,  indeed,  a  decidedly 
pleasant  gentleman. 


T[T(ON.  GEORGE  DYSART,  a  well-known 
Ir^l    member  of  the  bar  of  Lewis  connty,  al- 
J     4l    though   a  young  man,  has  already   made 
^  attainments  in   bis  profession  that  many 

an  older  man  might  envy.      He  is  in  every  way 
worthy  of  representation  in  this  volume. 

He  was  born  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  Jnne  20, 
1865,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Maria  (Marlin)  I)y- 
sart,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  le.-pect- 
ively;  the  father  died  in  1876,  the  mother 
surviving  until  1890.  The  Dysart  family 
traces  its  origin  to  Scotland  and  to  the  ret- 
inue of  the  Prince  of  Orange  in  the  time  of 
James  II;  the  tirst  members  ot  the  family  in 
this  country  located  in  Pennsylvania  in  1780. 
George  Dysart  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of 
live  children.  When  he  was  a  young  child 
the  parents  removed  to  Nebraska  and  located 
in  Nemaha  county;  there  he  grew  to  manhood, 
attending  the  common  schools  and  the  State 
Normal  School.  Having  chosen  the  law  as  a 
profession  he  went  to  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan, 
and  entered  the  law  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  that  State,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1887.  He  at  once  returned  to  Nebraska 
and  located  in  Lincoln;  he  was  connected  for 
a  time  with  the  law  firm  of  Billingsley  & 
"Woodward,  but  after  a  few  months  determined 
to  try  his  fortunes  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Upon 
coming  to  Washington  he  settled  in  Walla 
Walla,  and  was  engaged  in  teaching  school 
until  June,  1889.  Thence  he  went  to  Tacoraa 
and  there  resumed  bis    professional  work;    he 


remained  there  but  a  short  time,  however,  lo- 
cating permanently  before  the  year  was  out  in 
Centralia,  Lewis  county. 

Politically  he  adheres  to  the  principles  r>f  the 
Republican  party,  and  has  been  active  in  the 
party  councils.  In  1890  he  was  elected  Repre- 
sentative from  Lewis  county  to  the  Legislature 
of  the  State;  he  was  elected  Police  Judge  at  the 
first  city  election,  and  in  1890  was  appointed 
County  Justice  of  the  Peace;  he  has  also  served 
as  Deputy  County  Assessor,  and  in  all  these 
positions  has  discharged  his  duties  with  rare 
fidelity  and  ability.  He  has  with  unfailing  zeal 
supported  all  measures  which  have  been  inaug- 
urated for  the  public  benefit,  and  enjoys  the 
confidence  of  the  entire  community. 

Mr.  Dysart  was  married  at  The  Dalles,  Ore- 
gon. January  1,  1891,  being  united  to  Miss  Cora 
Butler;  they  are  the  parents  of  two  children: 
Avis,  and  Lloyd  Butler  Dysart.  Our  subject  is 
an  honored  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Good  Fellows  of  Centralia. 


,5fe^l..ti^  SH^ 


J 


OHN  I.  MELVILLE,  cashier  of  the  Bank 
of  Cheney,  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1868, 
a  son  of  Thomas  R.  Melville,  a  native  of 
that  country,  and  a  farmer  and  auctioneer  by 
occupation.  John  I.  was  educated  in  the  Mad- 
ras Academy,  at  Cupar,  Fifeshire,  Scotland, 
where  he  took  a  classical  course,  and  graduated 
in  1885.  In  1888  be  came  to  the  Ignited  States, 
locating  in  Cheney,  Wasliington,  where  he 
identified  liimsslf  with  the  Bank  of  Cheney. 
Mr.  Melville  now  holds  the  position  of  cashier- 
of  the  institution,  and  is  secretary  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order.  He  owns  valuable  real  estate  in 
city  and  in  other  parts  of  the  State,  has  proven 
himself  a  progressive  and  capable  young  busi- 
ness man,  and  has  made  a  host  of  friends  in  this 
community. 


dl  ACOB  W.  HARWOOD,  of  Medical  Lake, 
Washington,  was  born  Delaware,  in  1843, 
—  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Hopkins) 
Harwood,  also  natives  of  that  State.  Jacob  W., 
the  third  of  five  children,  was  taken  to  Michi- 
gan at  the  age  of  six  months,  where  he  received 
his  education,  and  was  early  inured  to  farm 
labor.     In  1865  lie  removed  to  Montana,  where 


lUtiTOliY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


for  the  ensiling  four  3'ears  he  was  engaged  in 
mining,  and  then  returned  to  Michigan  on  a 
visit.  He  was  an  Indian  fighter,  and  had  many 
narrow  escapes  from  death.  In  1872  Mr.  Har- 
wood  went  to  Kansas,  remaining  there  from 
1872  to  1876,  and  from  that  time  until  1878  was 
was  in  various  places  in  California,  and  in  1878 
he  engaged  in  farming  in  Idaho.  Having  been 
a  life-long  sufferer  from  rheumatism,  he  came 
to  Medical  Lake,  Washington,  in  1881,  where 
he  began  the  manufacture  of  Medical  Lake 
Salts,  and  to-day  is  almost  a  well  man,  due  en- 
tirely to  the  curative  properties  of  the  waters  of 
the  lake.  In  his  political  views,  Mr.  Harwood 
votes  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  served 
six  months  in  the  late  war,  in  the  Thirtieth 
Michigan  Volunteers,  but  the  struggle  ended  be- 
fore lie  had  a  chance  to  go  to  the  front.  So- 
cially, he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  the 
Odd  Fellows.  Our  subject  is  a  large  property 
holder  in  Medical  Lake,  is  an  aggressive  man, 
and  one  from  whom  much  valuable  information 
can  be  derived. 


DANIEL  W.  GREGORY,  a  worthy  citi- 
zen of  Clarke  county,  was  born  in  Dela- 
—  %vare  county,  New  York,  May  6,  1827,  a 
son  of  Hiram  and  Pliebe  (Raynolds)  Gregory, 
also  natives  of  the  Empire  State,  tracing  their 
lineage  on  this  continent  to  the  early  part  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  Tiie  grandfather,  Daniel 
Gregory,  was  one  ot  the  early  settlers  of  Dela- 
ware county,  and  well  and  favorably  known. 
Some  of  his  descendants  were  soldiers  in  the  war 
of  1812.  Hiram  Gregory,  the  father  of  Daniel 
W.,  was  a  line  officer  during  that  entire  war. 
Mrs.  Gregory,  the  wife  of  our  subject,  is  also  a 
native  of  New  York  State.  Her  mother,  Mrs. 
Williams,  was  a  descendant  of  Jonathan  Lakin, 
of  Revolutionary  fame. 

Mr.  Gregory,  whose  name  initiates  this  sketch, 
moved  from  New  York  to  Jackson  county,  Wis- 
consin, where  he  resided  twenty-nine  year^.  His 
chief  occupation  has  been  agriculture,  although 
many  years  of  his  early  life  passed  in  the  lum- 
ber business  on  the  Delaware  river,  rafting 
manufactured  lumber  down  that  stream. 

In  1883  he  emigrated  to  the  Pacific  coast,  lo- 
cating in  Clarke  county,  Washington.  He  now 
resides  about  thirty-five  miles  northeast  of  Vi.n- 
conver,    where  he    has  a  farm   of   eighty  acres, 


twenty-live  acres  of  which  are  devoted  to  gen- 
eral farming  and  gardening,  and  twenty- live 
being  still  in  timber.  There  is  also  a  line  or- 
chard. Mr.  Gregory  conducts  a  small  dairy  in 
addition'  to  his  other  work.  The  residence,  on  a 
natural  building  site,  is  surrounded  with  beau- 
tiful flowering  plants,  neatly  arranged  about  the 
lawn,  displaying  the  good  taste  of  Mrs.  Gregory. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gregory  were  united  in  marriage 
in  New  York  State,  July  4,  1848.  The  names 
of  their  children  are:  Charles  L.,  Hiram  I., 
John  W.,  Harry  and  Mary  A.,  now  the  wife  of 
Frederick  Spencer,  a  resident  of  Clarke  county. 


•^&>& 


id: 


^•;^--- 


IfSAAC  AV.  SH  LI  LTZ,  Assessor  of  Lewis 
county,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  born 
-1  in  Licking  county,  January  8,  1850.  His 
parents,  Lawrence  and  Delilah  (Bumgardner) 
Shultz,  were  natives  of  the  State  of  Peimsylva- 
nia,  of  German  extraction;  tliey  reared  a  family 
of  seven  children,  of  whom  Isaac  W.  is  the 
youngest.  When  he  was  a  lad  of  ten  years  the 
family  removed  to  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  there 
he  received  his  education.  He  was  trained  in 
all  the  details  of  stock-raising  and  general  farm- 
ing, and  has  given  much  attention  to  agricult- 
ure. In  1804  he  removed  to  Manhattan,  Kan- 
sas, and  resided  there  until  1877,  when  he  pushed 
on  to  the  coast  and  located  in  Lewis  county; 
here  he  owns  400  acres  at  Eden  Prairie,  one- 
half  of  which  is  under  cultivation;  he  also  has 
four  acres  of  orchard,  consisting  chiefly  of  apples , 
which  were  set  out  as  early  as  1852;  this  is  one 
of  the  most  productive  orchards  in  this  section, 
and  yields  the  largest  crop  gathered  in  Lewis 
county. 

In  addition  to  his  ofticial  duties  anl  agricult- 
ural pursuits  Mr.  Shultz  conducts  a  large  mer- 
cantile trade;  he  has  two  stores,  one  being  lo- 
cated at  Knab,  his  post  oflice,  and  the  other  at 
Green  River,  the  latter  being  in  charge  of  his 
eldest  daughter,  Gertrude.  He  is  also  interested 
in  mining,  being  a  member  of  the  Green  River 
Mining  Company.  In  politics  he  supports  the 
issues  of  the  Republican  party,  at  id  was  elected 
by  this  body  to  the  office  he  now  holds,  in  the 
fall  of  1892.  He  is  aman  of  unusual  executive 
ability  and  strict  integrity,  and  has  discharged 
his  official  duties  with  rare  fidelity.  He  is  an 
honored  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Toledo, 
Washington. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


On  November  13,  1875,  he  was  imi!ed  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Eliza  Dalton,  a  native  of  In- 
diana; tliey  were  the  parents  of  four  children: 
Gertrude,  Margaret,  Hala  and  Lettie. 


THE  CHENEY  ROLLER  MILLS  of 
Cheney,  Cnmmin  Bros.  &  Co.,  proprietors, 
are  among  the  best  equipped  flonr  n)ills  in 
eastern  "Washington.  The  plant  comprises 
a  lar<re  four-story  structure,  with  an  additional 
warehouse,  50  x  100  feet,  and  has  a  daily  capac- 
ity of  eighty  barrels.  The  present  site  was  pur- 
chafed  by  the  fibove  firm  in  1890,  when  it  had 
been  greatly  depreciated  in  value  and  reputation, 
but  they  at  once  renewed  it  wholly  by  new 
l)uilding5,  machinery,  etc.,  putting  in  the  Todd 
A:  Stanley  Internal  rollers.  It  has  powerful  steam 
facilities,  with  a  sixty-horee-power  engine.  They 
iiianufactnre  the  celebrated  Silver  Leaf  brand, 
which  they  send  all  over  the  United  States,  and 
have  many  testimonials  of  its  popularity  from 
dealers  in  Boston  and  otlier  Eastern  cities,  as 
well  as  from  home  consumers.  The  firm  buys 
most  of  the  wheat  grown  in  this  section,  and  the 
Cheney  Mills  certainly  constitute  one  of  the 
most  valuable  developments  of  the  thriving  town 
of  Cheney. 

George  F.  Cummin,  senior  member  and  man 


ge 


r   of  the  firm   of   Cummin  Bros.  &   Co.,  was 


born  in  Michigan,  in  1844,  a  son  of  James  and 
Julia  (Beal)  Cummin,  natives  of  Ireland  and 
New  York,  respectively.  The  paternal  grand- 
parents, Alexander  and  Elizabeth  Cummin, were 
natives  of  Scotland,  afterward  removing  to  the 
north  of  Ireland,  and  in  1832  came  to  the  United 
States,  settling  in  New  York.  Three  years  later 
the  father  of  our  subject,  James  Cnmmin,  set- 
tled on  a  small  place  in  Detroit,  Michigan, 
where  be  was  among  the  early  pioneers.  He 
purchased  considerable  property,  now  in  the 
center  of  the  city,  and  engaged  in  contracting 
and  building.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Shiawas- 
see county,  that  State,  where  he  cleared  a  tine 
farm,  bnt  was  principally  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising and  the  real-estate  business  in  Cornnna. 
Mr.  Cummin  was  quite  prominent  in  politics, 
served  as  County  Treasurer  for  sixteen  years  in 
succession,  and  was  the  only  Democrat  elected 
at  that  time.  He  was  very  successful  in  his 
business  undertakings,  and  was  a  large  land 
owner.     His  wife,   the   mother  of  our  subject. 


died  in  1880,  and  the  father  still  resides  at  the 
old  home.  Both  were  members  of  the  Breshy- 
terian  Church. 

George  F.  Cummin,  the  third  in  a  family  of 
six  children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  Cor- 
runna,  Michigan.  His  eldest  brother,  Alexan- 
der, succeeded  to  his  father's  business,  and  our 
subject  remained  with  him  until  1876.  He  then 
followed  mining  in  Colorado;  was  with  theLTnion 
Trust  Bank  of  Chicago  three  years;  was  engaged 
in  importing  fruit,  meats  and  rubber  in  Bhila- 
delphia,  Pennsylvania,  for  several  years;  and 
May  2,  1888,  came  to  Washington,  locating  on 
the  Sound.  In  1880  he  was  joined  by  his  brother, 
James  F.,  and  they  afterward  came  to  Cheney 
and  purchased  their  present  mill  site.  They  have 
made  many  improvements  in  the  building,  and 
they  now  have  one  of  the  best  mills  in  eastern 
Washington,  with  all  latest  improved  machin- 
ery. Mr.  Cummin  also  owns  other  valuable  real 
estate  in  town.  He  is  acHve  in  all  public  im- 
provements, and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Democratic  party,  which  he  has  recently  repre- 
sented in  State  and  County  conventions.  He  is 
an  Alternate  United  States  Commissioner,  and 
represented  Washington  at  the  opening  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago,  in  October, 
1892.  Was  OTie  of  the  organizers  and  is  now 
vice-president  of  the  National  Bank  of  Cheney, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
Temple  Lodge,  No.  42,  of  this  city. 

James  F.  Cummin,  the  miller  of  the  Cheney 
Roller  Mills,  was  born  in  Cornnna,  Michigan, 
in  1855,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated. 
After  completing  his.  education  he  began  mill- 
ing, which  he  has  ever  since  continued.  In 
1884  he  located  in  Kansas,  and  in  1889  came  to 
Washington,  where,  with  his  brother,  George, 
he  purchased  the  Cheney  Rolling  Mills.  Mr. 
Cummin  has  a  handsome  home,  and  other  valu- 
able property. 


T 


HOMAS  C.  GRIFFITTS  needs  no  intro- 
duction to  the  readers  of  this  work.  His 
prominence  at  the  bar,  in  politics,  and  in 
the  business  life  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, with  his  distinguished  services  in  every 
position  he  has  been  called  ujion  to  fill,  ha\e 
made  his  name  almost  a  household  word  in 
Washington   and   in  the  adjoining  States. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Born  ill  Carthage,  Illinois,  December  5, 1857, 
he  grew  up  in  the  sterling  society  of  tliat  portion 
of  Illinois  which,  in  the  early  years  of  his  life, 
Liucohi  and  Douglas  were  making  their  battle 
ground.  In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, being  the  leading  man  on  the  ticket, 
althongh  his  district  was  very  largely  liepub- 
lican.  His  career  in  the  constitutional  con- 
vention was  one  of  singular  fidelity  to  the  trust 
reposed  in  him.  His  own  idea  was  that  laying 
the  foundation  of  the  State  was  the  greatest 
duty  that  could  be  imposed  upon  a  citizen,  and 
during  tlie  fifty-seven  days  the  body  was  in 
session  he  was  absent  from  his  seat  in  the  con- 
vention but  one  liour.  He  was  ever  present  and 
industrious  in  his  committee  work,  and  his 
originality  of  thought  and  ideas,  with  courage- 
ous conduct  in  the  defense  of  his  convictions, 
made  him  beyond  all  question  the  most  power- 
ful factor  in  that  eminent  body.  A  distin- 
guished member  of  that  convention,  now 
occupying  high  position  in  the  State  Govern- 
ment of  Washington,  said  of  Mr.  Gritiitts  in 
the  closing  days  of  the  convention,  that  his 
voice  had  prevailed  in  that  body  more  largely 
than  that  of  any  other  member. 

Shortly  after  the  adjournment  of  the  consti- 
tutional convention  Mr.  Grifiitts  was  persuaded 
to  entei-  tlie  race  for  Congress  as  the  first  Demo- 
cratic candidate  of  the  State  of  Washington. 
Party  spirit  ran  high  in  that  election  on  account 
of  the  determination  of  the  Republicans  to 
bring  Washington  into  the  Union  as  a  Repub- 
lican State,  and,  notwithstanding  personal 
popularity  and  a  brilliant  canvass,  he  was  de- 
feated. It  is  said  that  he  accounts  his  defeat  as 
the  most  fortunate  event  of  his  life  Since  that 
time  he  has  devoted  himself  exclusively  and 
assiduously  to  his  profession,  in  which  he  holds 
position  second  to  none  in  the  State;  indeed, 
his  fame  as  a  lawyer  is  not  bounded  by  State 
lines,  but  is  equally  well  establislied  in  several 
of  the  adjoining  States. 

Mr.  Gritfitts'  distinguishing  features  as  a 
lawyer  are  industry,  tenacity  of  purpose,  great 
astuteness,  and  analytical  and  logical  powers, 
almost  marvelous  memory,  and  devotion  to  his 
clients,  coupled  with  so  complete  a  mastery  of 
language  and  knowledge  of  human  nature  as  to 
make  him  almost  invincible  before  a  jury.    Ilis 


career  at  the  bar  has  been  marked  with  unv 


ary- 


ing  success.      In  the  defense  of  persons  accused 
of    crime    he    has    been    singularly    successful. 


having  within  ten  j^ears  acquitted  twenty-four 
different  defendants  of  the  crime  of  murder  in 
the  first  degree  without  a  single  conviction,  and 
having  defended  men  and  women  charged  with 
almost  every  crime  in  the  calendar.  In  that 
period  of  time  he  has  met  with  but  one  verdict 
of  guilty.  In  the  practice  of  civil  law  he  has 
been  no  less  successful,  and  there  is  scarcely  a 
prominent  lawsuit  in  the  records  of  eastern 
Washington  in  the  last  eight  years  in  which  he 
has  not  appeared,  and  in  which  his  handiwork 
is  not  shown.  His  career  is  marked  with  indus- 
try, integrity  and  strict  attention  to  matters  in 
hand. 

In  order  that  he  might  the  more  assiduously 
prosecute  his  profession  Mr.  Griffiits  has  pub- 
licly and  privately  announced  that  he  is  out  of 
politics  until  he  is  ready  to  retire  from  the  bar. 
He  resigned  his  position  as  vice-president  of 
the  National  Association  of  Democratic  Clubs 
for  the  State  of  Washington,  and  studiously 
avoids  participation  in  politics.  Since  his  re- 
tirement from  politics  his  biisiness  has  grown 
to  such  dimensions  as  to  require  his  constant 
attention  with  a  large  corps  of  assistants.  It  is 
a  sure  thing  that  when  he  again  enters  politics 
in  Washington  he  can  and  will  have  whatever 
he  desires. 

In  New  York  city,  October  IH,  1892,  Mr. 
Griffitts  was  married  to  Miss  Ada  C.  Mordaunt, 
an  accomplished  young  English  lady,  daughter 
of  Alfred  Edwin  Mordaunt  and  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Lord  Mordaunt,  Earl  of  Fetersbor- 
ough,  and  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury  under 
William  III.  Mrs.  Gritfitts,  however,  has  passed 
much  of  her  life  in  Spokane,  and  is  a  most 
thorough  American.  His  home,  presided  over 
most  graciously  by  this  beautiful  and  amiable 
wife,  is  one  in  which  linppiness  finds  abiding 
place,  and  here  our  subject  may  be  found  at  all 
times  when  his  attention  is  not  demanded  at 
his  office,  in  tlie  court  room,  or  in  the  discharge 
of  business  duties. 

'^'^•^■^ 


(  LFRED  NOACK,  one  of  the  leading 
^  business  men  of  his  section  of  country,  is 
not  a  native  of  the  land  of  which  he  has 
become  so  good  a  resident,  as  he  was 
born  in  Dresden,  Saxony,  April  1(5,  1848.  His 
parents,  William  and  Wilhelmine  (Hausler) 
Noack,  were  married  in  Saxony,  but  on  account 


354 


UISTUUY    OF    WASUmOTON. 


of  tlie  lievolution  of  1848  were  compelled  to 
flee  for  their  lives  to  America.  The  father 
now  resides  in  California,  bnt  his  wife  died  in 
Chicago,  of  cholera,  in  1857.  Our  subject  is 
the  only  surviving  child,  and  grew  to  man's 
estate  in  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
milling  business,  remainirjg  there  for  eighteen 
years. 

In  the  year  1872  he  emigrated  to  the  Golden 
State,  settling  in  San  Irancisco,  wjiere  he 
remained  for  ten  years,  when  he  traveled 
northward  to  Walla  Walla,  exchanging  his 
calling  from  selling  agricultural  machinery  for 
that  of  superintendent  of  the  building  of  the 
machine  shops  now  owned  by  Gilbert  Hunt 
&  Co.,  remaining  with  that  linn  for  about 
eighteen  months.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
he  began  business  in  the  in)plement  trade,  in 
which  he  continued  very  successfully  until  his 
stock  of  goods  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Not 
allowing  himself  to  be  discouraged  he  again 
set  up  in  business,  continued  for  two  years,  and 
in  1887  was  again  burned  out.  At  this  time 
he  in  company  w'ith  his  wile  started  a  glove 
factory,  and  s-ince  that  time  they  have  largely 
incieascd  their  business,  until  the}'  now  employ 
several  hands  to  assist  them   in  their  work. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  occurred  in  1874, 
when  he  was  united  to  Miss  Louis  Wagener,  a 
native  of  California,  a  daughter  of  Ernest 
Wagener,  a  native  of  Hanover,  Germany,  but 
now  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  of  the  coast, 
being  one  of  the  immigrants  of  1849,  wJio  came 
to  California  in  that  year.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noack 
liave  had  five  children,  namely:  Edward,  Ida, 
Willie,  Walter,  and  George,  the  youngest,  wlio 
is  now  deceased.  The  surviving  children  are  at 
home  with  their  parents. 

Wiien  the  late  war  broke  with  all  its  fury 
upon  this  fair  land  of  ours,  Mr.  Koack  was  too 
young  to  engage  in  any  of  the  conflicts  that 
convulsed  the  nation,  but  before  the  strife  Vas 
over,  at  the  early  age  of  fllteen  he  enlisted, 
and  in  the  short  time  he  was  in  service  saw 
more  hard  fighting  than  many  of  the  men 
who  entered  at  the  beginning,  and  remained 
until  the  grand  review  at  Washington.  His 
command  was  Company  G,  Fourth  Minnesota 
Infantry,  wliich  he  entered  September  5,  1864, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Allatoona  and 
Savannah,  Georgia,  Pocatella,  Columbia,  and 
Bentonville.  At  Columbia.  South  Carolina,  he 
was  very  seriously  injured  by  being  run  over  by 
an   ordnance    wagon,  and    from   this   injury  he 


has  never  fully  recovered.  June  12,  1865,  he 
received  an  honorable  discharge  at  Louisville, 
Kentucky. 

Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  both  menjbers 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the 
former  affiliates  with  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 
Mr.  Noack  has  won  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  his  neighbors,  and,  notwithstanding  his 
sei-ious  losses  by  fire,  is  now  carrying  on  a 
thriving  business,  which  is  daily  increasing. 


«H^^ 


D\AVID  SHEPHERD,  one  of    the    weU- 
I   known  and   respected   citizens  of   Clarke 
county,  was  born  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 

July  12,  1822,  a  son  of  John  md  Margaret  (Ty- 
rie)  Shepherd.  The  father  and  son  were  born 
on  the  same  farm,  which  had  been  handed  down 
for  many  generations.  The  father  died  in  July, 
1857,  and  the  mother  survived  until  June,  1874. 
David  Shepherd,  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  six 
children,  came  to  this  countiy  after  the  death  of 
his  mother,  arriving  in  Portland,  Oregon,  in 
January,  1875.  In  the  same  year  he  returned 
to  the  home  of  his  childhood  for  his  wife,  and 
the  family  were  reunited  June  14,  1876.  In 
that  year  Mr.  Shepherd  rented  a  farm  on  Lake 
river,  Clarke  county,  Washington,  bnt  two  years 
later,  in  1878,  purchased  his  present  place  at 
Washougal.  The  farm  was  a  part  of  the  old 
Stiles  donation  claim,- and  at  that  time  consisted 
of  818  acres,  but  our  subject  now  owns  1,507 
acres,  all  in  one  body  except  200  acres  near  by, 
which  he  rents.  His  place  is  well  adapted  to 
fruit-growing,  and  he  intends  to  subdivide  400 
acres  into  small  tracts.  On  the  home  property 
there  is  an  old  orchard  of  three  acres,  planted  in 
1852,  which  is  still  giving  good  returns.  Mr. 
Shepherd  has  also  1,200  prune  trees,  three  years 
old,  and  two  acres  in  orchard  of  a  general  vari- 
ety of  fruit  on  the  200-acre  tract  five  miles 
northeast  of  Washougal.  In  addition  to  his 
fruit  interests,  he  also' 'has  an  extensive  dairy, 
which  excels  both  in  quantity  and  quality  of 
product.  He  milks  about  seventy  cows,  and  has 
produced  as  high  as  2,000  pounds  of  butter  per 
month,  most  of  which  is  sent  to  Portland.  For 
twelve  years  he  has  furnished  butter  to  the  old 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  which  is  now  controlled  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  The  dairy 
contains  all  the  appliances  of  tlie  latest  and  most 


HlSrOHY    OF    WASIIlNCrTGN. 


convenient  improvements  for  the  manufactnre 
of  butter.  The  building  is  60  x24:  feet,  and  is 
well  ventilated.  On  tlie  farm  are  also  found 
suitable  barns  lor  hay  and  shedding  purposes. 
March  10,  1848,  Mr.  Shepherd  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Ellen  Reid.  They  have  had 
eleven  children,  ten  now  living:  John;  Ellen, 
wife  of  John  Mitchell,  of  Salem,  Oregon;  Da- 
vid; James;  Isabel,  wife  of  Joseph  Ennie,  now 
traveling  in  Europe;  Alexander;  William; 
Thomas;  George  and  Christeua,  now  Mrs.  James 
Hood,  and  a  resident  of  Government  island, 
Oregon.  Mr.  Shepherd  has  been  closely  con- 
nected with  the  Presbyterian  Church  since  early 
boyhood,  and  is  a  staunch  advocate  and  zealous 
worker  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  He  also 
takes  an  active  interest  in  school  matters,  and 
has  recently  donated  liberally  to  the  erection  of 
a  handsome  school  building  at  Washougal.  He 
is  noted  for  his  indomital)le  perseverance  and 
excellent  business  qualities.  Although  not  an 
ordained  minister,  he  has  ofBciated  at  many  fu- 
nerals in  his  neighborhood,  and  is  looked  upon 
by  all  as  an  earnest  Christian. 


GOLONEL  THOMAS  McARTllUR  AN- 
I  DERSON,  of  the  Eourteenth  Infantry,  is 
~—  the  present  Commander  of  the  Vancouver 
Barracks,  and  has  held  the  office  during  the  past 
six  years.  He  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  ia  Cliil- 
licothe  in  1836.  He  received  his  literary  edu- 
cation at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Maryland, 
and  pursued  his  legal  studies  at  the  Cincinnati 
Law  School,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1858.  He  practiced  his  profession  for  three 
years,  but  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
war  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Ohio  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. He  was  commissioned  Second  Lieuten- 
ant of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  May  7,  1861,  and  re- 
ported to  General  George  H.  Thomas,  with 
whom  he  served  in  the  first  campaign  of  the 
war.  May  14,  1861,  he  was  commissioned  Cap- 
tain of  the  Twelfth  Infantry,  and  participated 
in  nearly  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, l>eing  twice  brevetted  for  bravery  in  bat- 
tle. After  the  war  he  served  as  Commissioner 
of  Registration  in  the  South,  during  the  recon- 
struction period.  He  has  served  as  Major  of  tiie 
Twenty-lirst  Infantry,  and  also  in  the  lenth  In- 
fantry; he  was  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Ninth 
Infantry,    and    was  promoted    to   the   office    of 


Colonel  of  the  Fourteenth  Infantry,  September 
6,  1886.  He  has  commanded  many  important 
military  posts  in  tlie  country,  and  for  many 
years  has  been  a  contributor  to  military  and  lit- 
erary periodicals. 

Colonel  Anderson  organized  the  Oregon  and 
Washington  branch  of  the  Sons  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  and  the  Military  Service  Institute. 

The  parental  ancestry  of  the  Colonel  is  traced 
to  the  Virginia  colonists  in  1635.  His  great- 
great-grandfather  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Peter's 
parish,  Virginia,  about  the  year  1680;  his  great- 
grandfather lived  and  died  at  (Tjldmiue,  Hano- 
ver county,  Virginia;  his  grandfather  was  Rich- 
ard Clough  Aniierson,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Third 
Virginia  Continental  line,  and  Aid-de-Camp  to 
Generjjl  La  Fayette.  Several  other  members  of 
the  family  were  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution: 
Colonel  Thomas  Marshall,  Captain  John  Mar- 
shall (Chief  Justice),  General  George  Rogers 
Clarke,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Jonathan  Clarke, 
Captain  John  Anderson,  and  Major  George 
Croughn.  Governor  William  Clarke,  for  whom 
Clarke  county,  Washington,  is  named,  was  also 
a  relative  of  the  family.  Colonel  Anderson's 
maternal  grandfather  was  Duncan  McArthur,  a 
Prigadier  General  of  the  war  of  1812. 

Colonel  Anderson  will  proliably  be  longest  re- 
membered in  this  community  as  the  man  who 
brought  to  a  successfnl  legal  issue  the  dis])ute 
between  the  Government  and  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church  as  to  the  title  to  tlie  military  resur- 
vation  of  Vancouver  Barracks.  The  Church 
claimed  it  under  the  title  of  the  Mission  of  St. 
James. 

Our  wortliv  subject  was  married  in  Virginia, 
February  8,  1869,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Van  Win- 
kle, of  New  York  State,  a  descendant  of  the 
early  Dutch  settlers.  They  have  a  family  of  six 
children:  Arline,  Elizabeth,  Minnie  McA., 
Thomas  M.,  Charles  Van  Winkle  and  Irmin- 
gard.  The  Colonel  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  and  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, as  before  mentioned. 


FRED  FLINT,  of  the  real-estate  firm  of 
F.  Flint  &  Co.,  Spokane,  Washington, 
—  was  l)orn  in  Troy,  Vermont,  in  1857. 
His  parent-^,  Fred  and  Elvira  (Richardson)  Flint, 
were  natives  of  Vermont,  and  his  father  operated 


nibTonr  of   \va,suington. 


several  stage  lines  and  also  kept  a  iiotel.  He 
died  in  1886.  The  mother  still  lives  at  New- 
port, Vermont,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
spent  his  boyhood  days  and  received  his  edu- 
cation. 

In  1878  Mr.  Flint  came  West  and  located  in 
San  Francisco.  While  there  he  invented  what 
is  known  as  the  Flint  Patent  Cream  Kaiser. 
He  first  introduced  this  machine  in  the  Sound 
country  of  Oregon  in  1887,  and  for  two  years 
manufactured  tlie  same  extensively  at  Portland, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  he  sold  both  the 
patent  and  the  factory.  While  in  California 
he  was  engaged  in  speculating  in  real  estate 
and  in  handling  patent  rights.  After  selling 
his  patent  he  invested  in  real  estate  in  Seattle, 
Port  Townsend,  Whatcom  and  Sehome,  living 
in  Seattle  until  the  fall  of  1886.  At  that;,  time 
he  came  to  Spokane,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
in  business  liei-e.  He  was  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators of  the  Hudson  Land  Company,  owners  of 
1,01)0  acres  of  land  on  the  Columbia  river  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Okinakane  river,  a  most  val- 
uable and  desirable  tract  of  land.  Mr.  Flint  is 
also  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Lynwood  Park 
Addition.  He  has  built  several  houses  for 
speculation,  has  made  some  large  sales,  and  has 
handled  a  number  of  important  trusts. 

Mr.  Flint  was  married  in  April,  1889,  to 
Miss  Alice  L.  Gray,  a  native  of  Bucksport, 
Maine. 

He  takes  a  commendable  interest  in  political 
matters,  being  a  Keptiblicnn,  and  fre(|uently 
serving  as  delegate  to  county  conventions.  He 
is  a  man  of  broad  and  progressive  views,  and 
is  in  every  respect  a  most  worthy  citizen. 


EDWARD  J.  DYER,   Spokane,  Washing- 
ton, has  been    ctshier    of   the   Exchange 
1  National     Bank    since    its    organization, 

July  17,  1889. 

Mr.  Dyer  came  to  Spokane  in  1882,  and  for 
five  years  was  engaged  in  agricul Jural  pursuits. 
He  then  identified  himself  with  the  Traders' 
National  Bank,  and  was  connected  with  that  in- 
stitution eighteen  months.  He  has  since  occu- 
pied his  present  position.  Mr.  Dyer  is  thor- 
oughly identified  with  the  interests  of  Spokane, 
and  during  his  residence  here  has  made  many 
warm  friends,  all  of  whom  speak  in  the  highest 
praise  of  him.     Politically,  he  is  a  Republican, 


having  implicit  faith  in  the  principles  of  that 
party.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  Spokane 
Lodge,  No.  17,  L  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Dyer  is  one 
of  the  executors  of  the  estate  of  .E.  J.  Brickell, 
president  of  the  Traders'  National  Bank  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  whose  estate  is  valued  at 
$1,000,000. 

In  1882  Mr.  Dyer  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Lelia  A.  Peel,  daugliter  of  the  present 
Auditor  of  Spokane  county.  Their  pleasant 
and  attractive  home  is  located  at  220  South 
Walnut  street,  Spokane. 

TjOHN  K.  ASHLEY,  County  Surveyor, 
^J  Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  in  Wash- 
's^ ington  county,  Ohio,  in  1853,  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Mary  J.  (Muhlnix)  Ashley.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Poitsmouth,  Ohio,  and  was  by 
profession  a  civil  engineer.  The  Ashleys  were 
many  of  them  prominent  men.  James  M. 
Ashley  represented  tlie  Tenth  Ohio  Congress- 
ional District,  and  moved  the  impeachment  of 
President  Andrew  Johnson;  was  afterward  Ter- 
ritorial Governor  of  Montana,  serving  from 
1869  to  1871. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  oldest  in  a 
family  of  six  children,  and  received  his  early 
education  in  the  jjublic  schools  of  Denver, 
Colorado.  He  took  a  college  course  at  Antioch, 
Ohio,  where  he  graduated  in  1876  with  the  de- 
gree of  A.  B.  Returning  to  Denver,  he  was 
employed  as  civil  engineer  until  1886,  when  he 
came  to  Spokane.  While  in  Colorado  he  served 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  during 
the  years  of  1884  and  1885.  He  was  elected 
County  Surveyor  of  Arapahoe  county,  receiving 
8,000  out  of  12,000  votes.  On  coming  to  Wash- 
ington he  resigned  this  position  in  favor  of  his 
deputy,  who  still  tills  the  office.  Before  being 
elected  to  his  pre.sent  office,  Mr.  Ashley  served 
as  City  Engineer.  His  term  as  County  Sur- 
veyor will  expire  January  1,  1893. 

Mr.  Ashley  has  invested  largely  in  real  estate 
in  both  Washington  and  Idaho.  His  pretty 
home  in  Spokane  is  valued  at  about  $3,000. 
He  is  thoroughly  posted  in  every  department  of 
his  profession,  and  is  a  quiet,  affable  and  pleas- 
ant gentleman.  Among  the  members  of  his 
profession  he  ranks  high,  and  is  regarded  with 
esteem  by  all  who  know  him.  Politically  he  is 
a  Republican.     In  1892  he  served  as  chairman 


UI8T0RY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


of  tlie  Spokane  County  Republican  Central 
Cointnittee.  He  is  a  Kniglit  Teiriplar  Mason, 
having  his  inembership  with  i)en\cr  Lodge, 
No.  5. 

Mr.  Asliley  is  a  man  of  family.  In  1879  he 
married  the  oklest  daughter  of  Artemas  Carter, 
of  Chicago,  Illinois.  She  died  at  Denver  in 
1885,  leaving  two  children,  Helen  and  John  K. 
In  1888  he  married  Miss  Lillian  Ilodder,  at 
lioston,  Massachusetts.  Her  father  is  president 
of  the  American  Promoting  Company  at  that 
place,  and  is  a  prominent  man  in  business 
circles. 

Mr.  Ashley  is  a  member  of  the  Unitarian 
Church. 


CHARLES  LIFTCHILD,  prominent 
throughout  (astern  Washington  as  a  real- 
estate  man,  a  member  of  the  tirm  of 
GaUisha  &  Liftchild,  and  now  a  resident  of  Spo- 
kane, has  been  so  closely  connected  with  the 
development  of  this  part  of  the  country,  that  to 
omit  biographical  mention  of  him  in  this  work 
would  be  to  leave  it  incomplete.  Following  is 
a  brief  sketch  of  his  life: 

Charles  Liftchild  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in 
tlie  year  1860,  second  in  the  family  of  four 
children  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Lastrange)  Lift- 
child, natives  of  New  York.  His  father,  a  prom- 
inent commission  merchant,  died  in  1864,  and 
his  mother  passed  away  in  1892.  Charles  at- 
tended Peddic  Institute  in  New  York,  and,  in 
1S76,  came  West,  his  mother  and  older  brother 
having  already  located  in  San  Francisco,  and 
after  his  arrival  there  he  attended  Oakland  high 
school  six  n:onths.  Then  he  clerked  for  a  time. 
In  1878  he  went  to  Tombstone,  Arizona,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  business  for  himself  two 
years,  and  from  whence  he  went  to  Anies,  Colo- 
rado. At  the  latter  place  he  mined  for  a  year 
and  a  half.  His  next  trip  was  made  overland 
to  the  Black  Hills,  a  distance  of  800  tniles,  on 
liorseback.  Arriving  there  in  the  tall,  he  lo- 
cated a  ranch,  improved  the  same,  and  also  in- 
vested in  some  lots  in  Rapid  City.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  his  real-estate  transactions.  He 
remained  there,  however,  only  a  year,  after 
which  he  returned  to  San  Fi'ancisco  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  '•  Magic  Soap,"  in  com- 
pany with  Willard  H.  Seaton,  and  continued  the 
same  until  July,  1888,  doing  a  good  bnsiness. 
They  tlien  sold  out,  and  both  he  and  Mr.  Seaton 


came  to  the  Big  Bend  country  of  Washington, 
locating  at  Waterville.  He  then  established 
claini  to  a  ranch  about  thirty  miles  east  of  there. 
Returning  to  Waterville,  he  invested  in  consid- 
erable property,  started  the  Waterville  Board  of 
Trade,  and  has  since  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
development  of  the  town,  having  l:)een  Chairman 
of  the  Emigration  Committee  all  this  time. 

October  1,  1890,  Mr.  Liftchild  came  to  Spo- 
kane to  take  charge  of  the  Douglas  county  ex- 
hibit at  the  Exposition,  made  a  unique  display, 
and  worked  diligently  all  the  time  to  show  up 
the  Big  Bend  country.  He  soon  afterward  ex- 
tended his  operations  to  Spokane,  formed  a  part- 
nership with  L.  McLaiii,  under  the  lirm  name 
of  L.  McLaiii  &  Co.,  and  became  interested  in 
every  town  in  the  Big  Bend  except  Davenport, 
and  has  been  active  in  building  up  every  one. 
In  1892  his  tirm  started  two  new  towns,  Bridge- 
port and  Northport.  He  was  elected  a  membei' 
of  the  Executive  Committee  to  represent  the 
Big  Bend  country  in  the  State  Board  of  Trade. 
At  this  writing  he  has  an  interest  in  the  follow- 
ing towns:  Coulee  City,  Chelan  Falls,  Lake- 
side, Waterville,  Almira,  Wilbur,  Bridgeport 
and  Northport.  He  liolds  the  absolute  power 
of  attorney  of  a  great  many  people  in  all  these 
towns.  He  has  made  maps  and  written  many 
articles  descriptive  of  the  Big  Bend.  Mr.  Lift- 
child has  seen  much  of  rough  life  in  the  West 
from  his  early  youth,  has  grown  up  witli  tlie 
country  and  is  enthusiastic  over  its  fut 


pects. 


pros 


While  a  resident  of  San  Francisco,  he  was 
married,  in  1887,  to  Miss  Jessie  (Jarter,  a  step- 
daughter of  Rev.  E.  H.  Gray,  Chaplain  of  the 
United  States  Senate  under  President  Lincoln. 
They  have  had  two  children,  Murcita  and  Jessie, 
the  latter  having  died  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Lilt- 
child  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 


4^^': — <V- 


IjlLLIAM  N.  CROSS,  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Clarke  county,  has  been 
identified  with  the  agricultural  inter- 
ests of  the  Evergreen  State  since  1862.  A  na- 
tive of  the  State  of  Illinois,  he  was  born  in  Ma- 
coupin county,  January  6,  1840.  His  parents, 
Micajah  and  Ellinor  (Johns)  Cross,  were  natives 
of  the  State  of  Kentucky.  William  N.  is  the 
eldest  of  their  family  of  ten  children.  In  1852 
they  removed  to  Wayne  county,  Iowa,  and  after 


UISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


a  residence  there  of  ten  years,  our  subject  joined 
the  caravan  crossing  the  plains  to  the  coast 
States.  Locating  in  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, he  gave  his  atter)tion  to  farming,  and  now 
owns  a  tract  of  100  acres  twelve  miles  northeast 
of  Vancouver;  thirty-five  acres  are  under  good 
cultivation,  and  two  acres  are  set  to  a  variety  of 
fruits.  A  creamery  in  the  neighborhood  affords 
a  market  for  the  large  quantities  of  milk  pro- 
duced by  Mr.  Cross'  tine  cows. 

Adhering  to  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
party  he  has  ever  cast  his  suffrage  with  this 
body.  During  the  past  fourteen  years  he  has 
served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  has  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  this  position  with  a  fidelity 
that  has  won  the  admiration  and  confidence  of 
tlie  entire  community. 

Mr.  Cross  was  united  in  marriage,  March  18, 
1860,  to  Miss  Sarah  H.  Dixon,  of  Illinois.  Of 
this  union  five  children  were  born:  Mary  E. 
is  now  the  wife  of  William  H.  Alexander; 
James  H.,  William  M. ;  and  Emma  J.,  wife  of 
E.  A.  Steuger;  Martha  B.  is  not  living. 


/^EORGE  MERCIAN,  a  successful  fruit- 
I  ff  gi'ower  of  Clarke  county,  has  been  a  res- 
%-^|  ident  of  Washington  since  1879.  He 
^  was  born  iu  Marshall  county,  Illinois, 
May  11,  1847,  a  son  of  John  J.  and  Mary  (Bur- 
gunj  Merdian;  the  father  was  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, but  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1836;  he  located  iu  Illinois  in  1847;  his  wife 
was  a  native  of  France;  they  reared  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  Geoi-ge  being  the  fourth  in 
order  of  birth.  He  grew  to  maturity  among 
the  scenes  of  his  birth,  and  iu  connection  with 
the  duties  that  fell  to  his  lot  as  a  farmer's  son 
learned  the  trade  of  a  wheelwright  from  his 
father,  who  was  a  master  of  that  vocation. 

When  he  started  out  in  life  for  himself  he 
removed  to  Shelby  county,  Iowa,  and  there  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  for  a  term  of 
seven  years.  The  tide  of  emigration  to  the 
West  steadily  growing  stronger,  Mr.  Merdian 
was  caugiit  in  its  sweep,  and  in  1879  found 
himself  in  Clarke  county,  Washington.  He 
now  owns  a  tract  of  twenty  acres,  eleven  acres 
of  which  are  devoted  to  prune  culture;  he  has 
also  a  fine  assortment  of  apples,  cherries  and 
strawberries,  and  markets  the  entire  crop  in 
Vancouver.     He  has  made  a  specialty  of  drying 


his  ]prunes  before  placing  them  on  the  market, 
and  has  met  with  great  success  in  this  depart- 
ment. 

Ml'.  Merdian  was  married,  October  19,  1809, 
to  Miss  Lona  Ilider,  a  native  daughter  of  the 
Buckeye  State.  Of  this  union  four  children 
have  been  born,  Annie,  Mary,  George  and  Fi-ed. 


f^i^- 


^^^ 


S.  HULL,  a  member  of  the  grocery  firm 
of  Hull  &  Stevenson,  of  Cheney,  was  born 
in  New  York,  in  1843,  a  son  of  J.  J.  and 
Sarah  (Smith)  Hull,  natives  also  of  that  State. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 

J.  S.  Hull,  the  eldest  of  five  children,  was 
educated  iu  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
State.  In  1864  he  engaged  in  farming  in  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  eight  years,  followed  the 
same  occupation  in  Western  Nebraska  fourteen 
years,  and  in  1888  came  to  Cheney,  Washing- 
ton. The  grocery  firm  of  Hull  &  Wright  was 
founded  the  same  year,  but  in  1889  Mr.  Wallis 
purchased  Mr.  Wright's  interest,  and  one  year 
later  our  subject  purchased  the  entire  store.  He 
remained  alone  until  burned  out  by  tiie  great 
fire,  when  he  lost  about  §2,500,  but  immediate- 
ly put  in  a  new  stock,  and  in  the  fall  of  1890 
the  firm  of  Hull  &  Brittaiii  was  established.  One 
year  later  Mr.  Stevenson  purchased  the  latter's 
interest,  and  the  business  is  now  conducted  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  Hull  &  Stevenson.  The 
capital  invested  is  about  |4,000,  and  the  firm  is 
the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  city,  carrying  a 
general  stock  of  groceries. 

Mr.  Hull  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss  Mary 
Kenton,  a  native  of  Indiana.  They  have  two 
cliildren:  Mary  E.,  aged  seven  years;  and  A.  J., 
three  years.  Our  subject  is  a  thorough  business 
man,  and  has  done  much  for  the  material  good 
of  Cheney. 


7nj)    STEVENSON,   of   the  grocery  firm  of 
r^^     Hull  &  Stevenson,  of  Cheney,  was  born 
1^   in  Canada  in   1843,    a   son    of  John  and 
•^  Mary  (Oldham)  Stevenson,  the  former  a 

native  of  Ireland  and  the  latter  of  Canada.  Our 
subject,  the  second  of  eight  children,  came  to 
the  United  States  in  18G4,  and  two  years  after- 
ward located  in  California,  since  which  time  he 
has  remained  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  engaged  in 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


fanning,  mining  and  various  other  callings.  In 
1879  he  iocatetl  on  a  farm  in  Cheney,  Wash- 
ington, and  was  actively  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  there  until  1891.  In  that  yearhepur- 
chased  Mr.  Brittain's  interest  in  the  grocery 
linn  of  Hull  &  Brittain.  Mr.  Stevenson  is  one 
of  the  most  enterprising  men  in  tlie  thriving 
city  of  Cheney,  and  the  tirm  of  Hull  &  Steven- 
son have  a  large  and  profitable  trade. 

He  was  married  in  1878,  to  Miss  A.  M.  Haire, 
a  native  of  Canada.  To  this  union  have  been 
born  four  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  now 
living:  Harold,  aged  thirteen  years;  and  Carrie, 
three  years.  Mr.  Stevenson  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Chnrch,  and  in  his  political 
views  our  subject  affiliates  with  the  People's 
party. 


ni  NDREW  J.  EEMIXGTON,   of    Clarke 
l/_l\    county,  Washington,  was  born   in    Berk- 
lr%,   shire  county,    Massachusetts,    November 
-fj  29,    1834,    a   son   of    Benjamin    F.    and 

Lydia  (Rice)  Remington.  The  Remingtons  are 
perhaps  one  of  the  best  known  families  of  New 
England,  and  in  fact  throughout  the  various 
sections  of  the  Union,  not  only  as  manufactur- 
ers, but  have  also  a  patriotic  record  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  On  the 
maternal  side  the  name  of  Rice  is  also  a  familiar 
one,  and  they  are  descendants  of  one  of  the  early 
and  influential  families  of  Colonial  days.  The 
father  of  our  subject  departed  this  life  in  1880, 
and  the  mother  stiil  resides  in  Massachusetts. 

Andrew  J.  Remington,  the  third  in  a  family 
of  ten  children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  State.  During  his  early  boyhood  he 
served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  carpenter  and 
joiner's  trade,  and  followed  that  occupation 
through  life  until  within  a  few  years.  After 
completing  his  trade  he  spent  two  years  in  Con- 
necticut, was  then  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  until 
1858,  and  in  that  year  took  passage  on  the  Star 
of  the  West  for  California,  via  the  Panama 
route.  Mr.  Remington  followed  his  trade  six 
months  in  San  Francisco,  and  was  then  engaged 
in  business  in  Portland,  Oregon,  about  fourteen 
years.  During  that  time  he  built  several  of  the 
noted  public  buildings  and  private  residences, 
and  among  them  may  be  mentioned  the  Ba]jtist 
Churcii  and  the  residences  of  Josiah  Failing, 
W.  W.  Page  and  James  Clinton.  The  latter 
was  the  first  residence  built  in  East  Portland,  in 


1859.  In  1868  Mr.  Remington  located  at  Mill 
Piain,  Clarke  county,  Washington,  hut  soon 
afterward  removed  to  his  present  home,  on  the 
Columbia  river,  near  Fisher's,  where  he  has 
eighty-two  acres  of  land,  one-half  of  which  is 
cultivated,  and  contains  an  orchard  of  four 
acres.  Mr.  Remington  also  owns  valuable  tim- 
ber land  in  this  vicinity, and  makes  a  specialty  of 
the  wood  business.  He  employs  twenty  men 
in  getting  out  and  hauling  cord-wood,  and  fur- 
nishes from  4,000  to  6,000  cords  anually  to  the 
steamboat  companies. 

August  12,  1890,  our  subject  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Hattie  Long,  a  native  of 
Eureka,  Humboldt  county,  California,  and  a 
daughter  of  Major  Charles  W.  Long,  a  Cali- 
fornia pioneer  of  1850.  Mrs.  Remington  is  a 
lady  of  culture  and  refinement,  and  presides 
over  her  household  with  becoming  dignity  and 
grace.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Remington  is 
a  btanch  Republican,  has  filled  the  office  of  Jus- 
tice of  his  precinct  for  the  past  six  years,  is  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  State  Agricultural  Asso- 
ciation, has  served  as  School  Director  for  many 
years,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest 
in  educational  matters.  He  is  vice-president 
and  director  of  the  Cape  Horn  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  first  telegraph  companies  in 
the  State  of  Washington,  and  is  wide-awake  to 
all  interests  tending  to  further  the  progress  and 
stable  welfare  of  the  magnificent  common- 
wealth. 


/f^  ARDNER  KELLOGG,  the  first  chief  of 
I  T/  the  fire  department  of  Seattle,  and  for 
>^j  twenty-five  years  a  member  of  the  volun- 
^  teer  fire  dej)artmeiit,  was  born  in  Thomas- 
ton,  Maine,  in  Febrnai'y,  1838,  son  of  Dr.  David 
and  Sarah  (Prince)  Kellogg. 

Dr.  Kellogg  was  born,  reared  and  educated  in 
Massachusetts.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Thomaston,  Maine,  where  he  was 
married  and  where  he  continued  to  reside  until 
1847.  That  year  he  emigrated  toWaukegan, 
Illinois,  and  there  spent  the  rest  of  his  life. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  educa- 
tion in  tlie  common  schools  and  academy  of 
Waukegan.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  went  to 
Chicago,  where  for  three  years  he  was  eniployed 
as  clerk.  During  that  time  he  was  a  mem  tier 
of  the  Hope  Hose  Fire  Company,  receiving  his 
first  lessons  in  tlie  work  of  a  fire  department. 
In  1857  he  went  to  Meuiphis,  Tennessee,  and  in 


.Ul STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1858  to  New  Orleans,  going  from  there  a  year 
later  to  Boston,  Massachusetts.  At  Boston  lie 
shipped  before  the  mast  on  the  Sea  Lark  for  San 
Francisco,  via  Cape  Horn,  and  alter  a  voyage  of 
six  months  and  twenty-two  days  entered  Golden 
Gate  in  January,  1860.  He  then  shipped  on 
the  Northwestern  for  the  East  Indies,  this  cruise 
covering  about  four  months.  Returning  to  San 
Francisco,  he  went  from  there  to  Sacramento, 
where  he  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  drug  store 
of  Dr.  Justin  Gates.  After  the  great  flood  he 
again  visited  San  Francisco.  At  this  time  he 
entered  the  drug  store  of  Richards  &  Aitkeu 
and  remained  until  the  spring  of  1863.  He 
then  eame  to  Seattle  and  opened  a  drug  store, 
conducting  the  same  until  1872.  That  year  he 
removed  to  Snohomish  county,  took  up  and  im- 
proved a  farm,  and  remained  there  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits  until  1875.  Returning  to 
Seattle,  he  established  a  city  drug  store,  which 
he  conducted  until  the  great  fire  of  June,  1889, 
when  he  was  burned  out,  sustaining  a  loss  of 
$30,000.  He  immediately  resumed  business  in 
a  tent  on  Second  street,  in  which  he  continued 
one  year.  Then  he  rented  a  room,  and  when  the 
Pioneer  building  was  completed  removed  to  it. 
He  continued  in  business  until  1884,  when  he 
was  elected  chief  of  the  fire  department,  and  the 
drug  store  passed  into  the  hands  of  his  son,  Ed- 
ward C. 

Mr.  li^elloggwas  married  in  Seattle,  in  1865, 
to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Bonney,  of  Iowa,  daughter  of 
Sherwood  and  Lydia  Bonney,  wlio  started  for 
Oregon  in  1852.  Mr.  Bonney  died  before 
reaching  his  designation  and  was  buried  on  the 
plains.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kellogg  have  had  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living:  Edward  C, 
Charles  W.  and  Sarah  B. 

Mr.  Kellogg  is  a  thirty-secand-degree  Mason 
and  a  member  of  tlie  I.  O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.  and 
A.  O.  U.  W.  He  was  Postmaster  of  Seattle 
from  1864  until  1872,  and  for  eight  years  served 
as  Auditor  of  King  county. 

As  tiie  history  of  the  tire  department  of  Se- 
attle is  synonymous  with  that  of  Mr.  Kellogg, 
we  deem  it  fitting  to  attach  that  history  hereto. 
In  August,  1865,  Mr.  Kellogg  was  the  active 
promoter  and  organizer  of  the  first  hook  and 
ladder  company  of  Seattle.  He  furnished  liber- 
ally of  the  funds  to  build  the  first  truck,  had 
ladders  made  for  service,  and  was  elected  first 
foreman  of  the  company.  It  numbered  twenty- 
four  men  and  was  the  only  fire  company  up  to 
1868,   when   the    city  purchased   the  old  hand 


engine,  "Sacramento."  About  1870a  third- 
class  Gould  engine  was  purchased,  and  in  1872 
a  fourth-class  Gould  steam  engine.  At  this 
time  there  was  no  ordinance  regulating  the  lire 
department.  The  fire  warden,  by  virtue  of  his 
office,  was  the  head  of  the  department,  wliich 
was  at  that  time  entirely  volunteer.  In  1877 
another  truck  company,  was  organized,  and  by 
private  subscription  and  a  donation  of  $300 
from  the  city  council  anewtruck  vvaspurchased, 
and  is  now  in  service,  it  having  answered  every 
alarm  since  placed  in  commission.  In  1882  two 
hose  companies  were  formed,  and  early  in  the 
winter  of  1884  another  hose  company  was  or- 
ganized. This  was  the  celebrated  "  Dude"  hose 
company.  The  department  at  this  time  con- 
sisted of  one  hand  engine,  two  steam  engines, 
one  truck  company  and  three  hose  companies. 
The  water  supply  was  cisterns  at  various  places 
in  the  city,  and  inclines  to  salt  water. 

As  usual  in  volunteer  departments,  consider- 
able friction  between  companies  was  constantly 
occurring  and  a  kind  of  "go-as-youplease"  con- 
dition of  things  prevailed.  This  state  of  affairs 
was  not  conducive  to  good  service  and  resulted 
in  the  passage  of  an  ordinance  creating  the  office 
of  chief  of  tlie  department  and  providing  for  a 
board  of  delegates  to  formulate  rules  for  theguid- 
ance  of  the  department.  The  first  election  for 
chief  was  held  on  the  first  Monday  in  May, 
1884.  This  election  was  by  the  department  at 
large,  creating  great  excitement  and  a  warm 
contest,  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  Gardner 
Kellogg,  who  was  annually  re-elected  up  to 
1888,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Josiaii  Col- 
lins, Jr. 

In  August,  1884,  the  city  contracted  fur 
water  for  the  fire  department  uses  with  the 
Spring  Hill  Company,  and  twenty  hydrants  were 
located,  with  an  elevation  pressure  of  120  feet 
at  the  lower  levels  in  the  city.  In  1887  the 
city  purchased  a  steel  aerial  truck,  with  an 
eighty-five-foot  extension  steel  ladder,  which  was 
at  once  placed  in  commission. 

In  1889,  on  the  sixth  of  June,  the  business 
portion  of  Seattle  was  destroyed  by  tire,  entail- 
ing a  loss  of  $10,000,000.  At  this  time  the  de- 
partment'was  severely  criticised,  and  in  part  un- 
justly. It  resulted,  however,  in  the  passage  by 
the  city  ocuncil  of  an  ordinance  creating  a  paid 
departiuent,  the  chief  to  be  appointed  by  the 
council.  Under  this  ordinance  Mr.  Kellogg  was 
appointed  chief,  and  continued  in  that  office  un- 
til the  fall  of  1892. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


At  the  city  election  i»  the  spring  of  1892 
tlie  city  went  overwhelmingly  Democratic,  and 
the  Jeffersonian  doctrine  that  to  the  victor  be- 
longs the  spoils  prevailed  in  every  branch  of  the 
city  gDvernnient.  And  while  Mr.  Kellogg  had 
the  endorsement  of  every  insurance  company 
doing  business  in  the  city,  and  notwithstanding 
that  1,052  of  the  business  houses  of  the  city, 
without  regard  to  politics,  petitioned  the  city 
council  for  Mr.  Kellogg's  retention  in  office  as 
chief,  and  though  he  was  twice  named  by  the 
board  of  tire  commissioners,  the  council  refused 
to  confirm  his  nomination,  and  he  was  succeeded 
by  A.  B.  Hunt,  who  WHS  in  political  accord  with 
that  body. 

Mr.  Kellogg  then  resumed  his  connection 
with  the  drug  business. 

-^-^^^^  -->^^^^>^^-*- 

!fj[  OMEE  L.  MEAD,  a  citizen  of  Centralia 
Ir^l    prominently  identified  with  her  govern- 
I     11    meut,  growth  and  prosperity,  has  been  a 
•f/  resident  of  the  State  of  Washington  since 

1889.  He  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  near  Clyde, 
April  18,  1848,  and  a  son  of  Kobert  B.  'and 
Laura  M.  (Alexander)  Mead.  The  mother  is 
now  deceased;  the  parents  were  both  natives  of 
New  York  State,  and  were  descended  from  an- 
cestors who  emigrated  to  Kew  England  during 
the  latter  half  of  the  seventeeiith  century. 
Homer  L.  is  the  third  of  a  family  of  five  chil- 
dren. He  acquired  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  State,  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty  years  embarked  in  mercantile  enterprises, 
which  he  conducted  successfully  at  Woodhull, 
Illinois,  for  a  period  of  two  years.  He  returned 
at  the  end  of  this  period  to  Ohio  and  was  en- 
gMge.i  in  business  until  1878,  when  he  went  to 
jMicliigaii:  tliere  he  remained  until  1889,  and 
then  puslitMl  liis  way  to  the  Pacific  coast.  P'or 
a  few  niimtlis  he  was  in  Tacoma,  but  before  the 
end  of  the  year  he  purchased  the  drug  business 
of  C.  W.  Johnson,  of  Centralia. 

In  1892  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
an  office  he  had  filled  acceptably  for  a  few 
months  by  appointment.  Possessed  of  excel- 
lent judgment,  he  is  aide  to  make  decisions 
apart  from  any  personal  preference,  and  his 
rulings  have  given  universal  satisfaction.  In 
addition  to  his  official  interests  Judge  Mead 
cultivates  a  small  prune  orchard;  he  has  five 
acres  planted  in  this  fruit  exclusively  and  takes 


a  just  pride  in  its  flourishing  condition.  He  is 
manager  of  the  Centralia  Undertaking  Com- 
pany, and  in  this  capacity  exhibits  the  same 
judgment  and  tact  that  characterize  all  his 
movements. 

Realizing  the  importance  that  intellectual 
attainment  must  have  upon  the  future  of  the 
nation,  Judge  Mead  has  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  the  prosperity  of  the  public-school  system, 
and  has  lost  no  opportunity  to  add  to  its  per- 
manence as  one  of  the  institutions  of  this  coun- 
try. He  has  been  a  member  of  the  School  Board 
for  three  terms,  and  in  this  position  has  given 
emphasis  to  his  sentiments  upon  this  question. 
He  is  a  stanch  advocate  of  Republican  prin- 
ciples, and  has  been  prominent  in  the  affairs  of 
the  municipal  government.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs 
of  tlie  lodge. 

An  important  event  of  his  life  was  consum- 
mat<  d  in  his  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  Holbrxik. 
in  December,  1876.  Mrs.  Mead  is  a  native  "f 
Ohio.  They  have  a  family  of  three  childien: 
Florence,  Edith  and  Leroy.  They  are  all  con- 
sistent members  of  the  Baptist  Church  of  Cen- 
tralia. 

G^HAKLES  C.  ALVORD,  proprietor  of 
tj  the  "  Red  Barn "  livery,  feed  and  sale 
^  stables,  Goldendale,  Washington,  has  con- 
ducted a  prosperous  business  here  for  several 
years.  Through  long  expei'ieiice  be  has  Ijecome 
familiar  with  the  demands  of  the  ])ublic,  and 
there  is  no  better  equipped  barn  in  this  section. 
He  keeps  a  special  line  of  vehicles  for  commer- 
cial travelers,  and  has  first-class  driving  ami 
saddle  horses.  His  cari-iages  and  buggies  aie 
of  the  latest  styles,  and  the  entire  establishment 
is  conducted  according  to  the  most  approved 
business  methods. 

Mr.  Alvord  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, born  in  Lake  county,  October  28,  1856. 
His  parents,  Wolcutt  and  Sarah  (Wilder)  Al- 
vord, were  natives  of  New  York  State,  but 
later  in  life  removed  to  Swift  county,  Minne- 
sota, where  our  subject,  the  eldest  of  the  fam- 
ily of  six  children,  grew  to  maturity.  He 
passed  his  youth  on  a  farm,  and  remained  on 
the  homestead  until  twenty  years  of  age.  Re- 
suming the  responsibilities  of  life,  he  went 
from  home  and  took  up  his  residence  in  lo^a, 
near  Council  Bluffs.     There  he  was  engaged  in 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


farming  for  tliree  years,  but  in  1880  deter- 
mined to  cross  the  continent  and  make  his 
home  on  this  coast.  He  first  settled  in  Klick- 
itat county,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising  for  nine  years.  He  then  came  to  Golden- 
dale  and  purchased  tiie  livery  business  of  E.  W. 
Pike. 

Soon  after  his   residence  here   began   he  was 


appo 


nted  Constable,  and   in  the  fall  of  1892  he 


was  elected  to  the  office,  which  he  still  retains. 
He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  leading  po- 
litical questions  of  the  day,  and  casts  his  suf- 
frage with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  has 
been  Vice-Chancellor  of  that  body,  and  is  at 
present  Chancellor  Commander. 

Mr.  Alvord  was  married  in  December,  1889, 
to  Miss  Lizzie  B.  Pierce,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
D.  W.  Pierce,  of  whom  extended  mention  is 
made  on  another  paire  of  this  volume. 


l-^i^ 


-4=3.-.^-^^ 


5C.  WILLIAMS,  one  of  the  thriving 
young  farmers  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Miami  county, 
Ohio,  December  22, 1848.  His  fatlier,  John  Will- 
iams, was  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  and  mar- 
ried Maria  Calvert,  who  was  also  a  native  of 
New  Brunswick,  but  who  came  to  Ohio  at  an 
early  day,  and  in  1854  to  Illinois,  settling  in 
Peoria,  where  she  lived  three  years  and  tlien 
removed  to  Iowa,  where  she  resided  until  1864. 
At  that  time  onr  snbject's  father  crossed  the 
plains  with  horses  until  he  reached  Boise  City, 
where  lie  traded  his  horses  fnr  oxen,  and  thus 
finifhed  his  journey.  He  now  lives  in  the  city 
of  Walla  Walla  with  his  wife,  both  of  whom  are 
now  well  advanced  in  years.  He  owns  a  good 
farm  of  300  acres  on  Mill  creek.  They  have 
had  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  and  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  the  third  child. 

Our  subject  received  only  a  common-school 
education,  and  remained  at  home  until  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  then  went  into  the 
freighting  business,  going  from  Boise  City  and 
other  points  in  Idaho.  After  being  thus  occu- 
pied, he  farmed  for  two  years  and  rented  land, 
and  then  took  up  a  redemption  claim  of  ItiO 
acres,  improved  it  and  lived  fhere  thirteen 
years.  He  then  sold  this  farm,  for  which  he 
received  $4,500.  He  then  bought  360  acres, 
where   he  now    resides,  paying  ^9,500  for  the 


farm.  At  the  present  time  our  subject  owns 
660  acres  of  tine  land  on  Dry  creek,  six  miles 
northeast  of  Walla  Walla,  ond  here  he  has  built 
a  tine  residence,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  In  1892 
he  raised  6,000  bushels  of  grain,  that  being 
considered  a  very  poor  crop  on  account  of  the 
hot  winds  having  cut  it  short.  An  average 
crop  is  from  8,000  to  9,000  bushels  a  year. 

In  the  fall  of  1870  our  subject  was  married 
to  Miss  Ellen  Buroker,  who  was  born  in  Ohio, 
a  daughter  of  David  and  Sarah  Buroker.  Mr. 
Williams  and  wife  crossed  the  plains  together 
when  they  both  were  children,  and  shared  the 
hardships  together,  little  thinking  of  the  events 
of  after  years.  Four  bright  little  children  have 
been  born  to  them:  Emma  J.,  Effie,  Jesse  and 
Claud.  Mr.  Williams  has  now  become  one  of 
the  leading  fanners  of  this  county.  He  is  well 
known  and  full  of  pleasant  reminiscences  of 
other  days.  Some  of  his  tales  of  the  early  sing- 
ing-schools and  merrymakings  in  the  then  new 
hone  are  very  entertaining.  He  has  now  a  tine 
herd  of  horses,  thirty  head  of  them,  using  many 
on  his  farm.  Five  acres  of  his  land  is  set  out 
to  orchard,  and  all  the  conveniences  of  modern 
farming  are  to  be  found  here. 


IL  LIS  A .  R  ITCH  I E,  Spokane,  Washing- 
ington,  is  one  of  the  most  successful  of 
the  high-grade  architects  of  the  Pacific 
coast. 

Mr.  Ritchie  was  born  in  Yan  Wert  county, 
Ohio,  July  14,  1864.  His  father  is  the  Hon. 
John  E.  Ritchie,  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas 
Court  of  Allen  and  Shelby  counties,  Ohio. 
Young  Ritchie's  mother  was  a  McCoy.  Both 
parents  were  born  in  eastern  Ohio. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Lima,  but  before  he  had 
tinished  the  course  assigned  him  at  school  he  had 
attained  sufficient  knowledge  as  a  draughtsman 
and  left  school  and  began  the  buildingof  a  home 
for  his  father  upon  plans  he  had  matured  while 
in  school.  He  was  not  quite  sixteen  at  this 
time.  He  was  apprenticed  to  a  carpenter  and 
contractor,  with  whom  he  remained  two  years, 
during  which  time  he  pursued  a  course  of  study 
in  architecture  that  had  been  mapped  out  for  him 
by  a  prominent  architect  in  the  service  of  the 
government.  During  the  next  two  years  he 
devoted  his  time  to  work  under  the  supervision 


nrsToRT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


V 


of  the  above  named  architect,  after  wliich  he 
returned  to  his  home  in  Lima,  wheie  he  liung 
ont  his  shingle  as  his  own  master  and  generaL 
He  was  not  yet  nineteen. 

His  first  work  aside  from  tlie  home  he  had 
planned  for  his  father  was  two  dwellings  and  a 
business  block  at  Bucyrus,  Ohio.  Then  he 
planned  business  houses  and  dwellings  at  Del- 
phos,  Ottawa,  Columbus  Grove  and  at  other 
places  in  Ohio.  He  then  competed  with  archi- 
tects from  Dayton,  Ohio,  for  a  business  block  at 
Troy,  Oiiio,  and  while  it  was  admitted  that  his 
plans  were  the  best  it  was  thought  best  not  to 
award  him  the  contract  on  account  of  his  ex- 
treme youth  and   inexperience. 

He  met  the  same  fate  for  the  same  reason  on 
buildings  he  bid  for  at  Wapakoneta  and  Van 
Wert,  Ohio.  This  was  in  1885.  He  had  been 
working  hard,  and  thought  that  a  few  weeks' 
vacation  on  the  lakes  would  do  him  good,  but 
before  he  was  ready  to  leave  an  offer  came  to 
him  from  Winfield,  Kansas,  where  he  went,  and 
contracted  for  the  Farmers'  Bank  building.  He 
found  this  field  ripe  for  architectural  work,  and 
instead  of  staying  away  one  month,  as  he  had 
contemplated,  he  remained  until  the  following 
December.  During  his  stay  in  Kansas  he  re- 
modeled, planned  and  built  the  following  struct- 
u  res : 

Central  School  building  at  Wintield,  at  a  cost 
of  $20,000;  St.  Jauies  Hotel,  S20,000;  Banker 
Eaton's  residence,  $10,000;  Southwestern  Kan- 
sas Methodist  Episcopal  College,  §60,000.  In 
this  work  he  liad  to  compete  with  architects 
from  St.  Louis,  Topeka,  Wichita,  l"'arsons  and 
Denver.  All  these  contracts  were  secured 
within  six  weeks  after  his  arrival  at  AViiifield. 
This  shows  that  not  only  was  the  character  of 
his  work  good,  but  that  his  reputation  had  al- 
ready taken  wings  and  was  flying  with  the  ra- 
pidity of  a  bird  across  the  western  plains.  His 
office  during  all  this  time  was  in  the  room  at  the 
hotel  where  he  boarded. 

When  he  returned  to  Ohio  in  December  it 
was  not  for  the  purpose  of  remaining  there,  but 
to  clean  up  his  business  and  get  back  to  Kansas 
at  the  earliest  time  possible.  This  was  accom- 
plished within  two  week.-,  and  when  he  again 
reached  Kansas  he  found  work  piling  in  upon 
him  thick  and  fast,  which  necessitated  the  etn- 
ployment  of  six  other  draughtsii  en  at  his  head- 
(juartei-s  and  the  establishing  of  branch  offices 
at  Wellington  aiid  Arkansas  city,  where  five  as- 
sistants were  kept  busy.     During  this  period  he 


was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Architecture 
on  the  Grovernment  building  to  be  utilized  for 
United  States  cnurihouse,  post  office  and  land 
oflice,  at  Wicliila.  K'un^as.  The  building  cost 
$200,000.  All-.  Uitdiie  held  the  above superin- 
tendency  until  May,  1889. 

In  the  year  1886  Mr.  Bitchie  was  appointed 
Civil  Engineer  for  the  city  of  Winfield,  Kansas, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  forced  to 
abandon  it  because  of  his  Govei-nment  contracts. 
This  was  in  1887,  when  all  Kansas  was  at  a  red- 
hot  heat  with  the  boom  fever.  As  civil  engin- 
eer and  architect  Mr.  Ritchie  found  his  hands 
full,  platting  town  sites,  surveying  railroads  and 
constructing  houses,  besides  attending  to  his 
Governtiient  contracts.  He  planned  numerous 
schoolhouses  during  that  year  in  all  parts  of 
southwestern  Kam-as,  besides  building  two 
courthouses,  one  for  Meade  county  and  the 
other  for  Barber  county:  also  the  city  buildings 
at  Winfield. 

Mr.  Kirchie  had  acquired  such  a  fame  as  an 
architect  thai  there  was  erected  in  that  section 
of  the  country  scarcely  a  prominent  iiuilding  in 
the  construction  of  which  he  did  rut  take  part, 
andthebank  Imildinos,  clniiclies,  rollfo-es,hotels, 
opera  houses.  l;u;-in(  ss  Mocks  and  (Uvellings  he 
constructed  were  numerous  indeed.  He  put  up 
nearly  $2,000,000  worth  of  buildings  in  one 
season.  All  at  once  there  came  a  depression  in 
Kansas,  and  Mr.  Ritchie  sought  a  new  field.  He 
had  selected  Salt  Lake  City  as  his  next  point, 
and  would  have  remained  there  but  for  the  great 
fire  in  Seattle,  June  6,  1889.  He  landed  in 
Seattle  three  weeks  after  the  fire,  and  his  record 
since  that  time  has  been  a  memorable  one.  Com- 
ing here  an  entire  stranger,  and  being  forced 
to  compete  with  many  older  and  more  experi- 
enced architects,  he  surmounted  all  obstacles 
and  tc-day  stands  in  the  front  ranks  of  archi- 
tects on  the  Pacific  coast.  His  abilities  were 
soon  recognized,  and  the  first  work  of  magni- 
tude secured  by  him  was  the  King  county 
courthouse,  a  $200,000  structure,  and  one  of 
the  grandest  buildings  for  that  purpose  on  the 
coast.  Then  came  the  Whatcom  county  court- 
house, $75,000,  two  S'25.000  school  buildings 
at  Olympia,  high-school  building  at  Ellensburgh, 
costing  $40,000,  and  the  Jefferson  county 
courthouse,  at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  besides  in- 
numerable smaller  contracts. 

Mr.  Ritchie  is  a  natural-born  di-aughtsman. 
When  a  little  boy  his  father  noticed  this  pecul- 
iar gift  and  rendered   his  son  all   the  assistance 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


lie  could  by  furnishing  him  with  instrninents 
for  that  purpose.  The  father's  ambition  was  to 
make  a  lawyer  of  his  son,  but  genius  would  out, 
and  Judge  Ritchie  has  the  satisfaction  of  know- 
ing that  while  his  son  might  have  done  fairly 
well  at  the  bar,  he  stands  second  to  no  man 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  as  an  architect. 

In  March,  1892,  he  moved  to  Spokane,  where 
he  is  now  permanently  established.  Since  that 
time  he  has  erected  the  following  buildings:  the 
Clark  county  courthouse  at  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington, §40,000;  Thurston  county  courthouse, 
Olympia,  Washington,  |115,000;  a  school 
building  at  Wallace,  Idaho,  §11,000;  Prescott 
and  Lincoln  school  buildings,  Anaconda,  Mon- 
tana, costing  §15,000  and  $25,000  respectively; 
and  Spokane  city  building,  $60,000.  He  took 
the  first  prize  in  competing  for  the  Washington 
State  building  for  the  World's  Fair,  there  being 
twenty-three  architects  of  theSfateof  Washing- 
ton in  the  competition. 

Mr.  Ritchie  was  married  to  Miss  Etta  Reid 
on  his  twenty-third  birthday.  As  a  coincidence 
it  may  be  aided  that  his  father  was  also  married 
on  his  twenty-third  birthday,  a  matter  the  son 
had  not  thought  of  at  the  time.  Mrs.  Ritcliiu 
has  proven  herself  an  able  and  willing  assistant 
to  her  husband,  and  much  of  liis  success  is  due 
to  the  good  judgment  and  enthusiasm  of  his 
wife. 

Mr.  Ritchie  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  at   Lima,  Ohio. 


ON.    JOHX    A.    TAYLOR,  one   of  the 
pioneers   of  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in 


H 

I     11    Allegany    county,   New  York,    Septem- 
-fj  ber  12,  1825,  a  son  of  Job   and  Rebecca 

(Fish)  Taylor,  natives  of  Massachusetts.  The 
parents  moved  in  an  early  day  to  New  York, 
where  the  mother  died  when  our  subject  was 
young.  When  the  latter  was  thirteen  years  of 
age,  in  1837,  the  father  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
where  he  was  engaged  as  a  millwright,  carpen- 
ter and  joiner,  and  remained  in  that  State  until 
his  death,  in  1842,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three 
years. 

John  A.,  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  eight 
children,  received  only  limited  educational  ad- 
vantages, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  lie 
iiegan  life  on  his  own  account.  In  1852,  with 
his  wife  and  three  small  children,  he  started  with 


an  ox  team  on  that  long  and  perilous  journey 
across  the  plains  for  Oregon,  arriving  in  Port- 
land just  six  months  to  a  day  from  the  time  of 
starting.  He  had  no  difficulty  with  the  Indians, 
and  was  detained  only  a  short  time  by  sickness. 
After  arriving  in  that  city,  Mr.  Taylor  leased 
and  conducted  a  sawmill  two  years,  am)  then 
built  a  ferry  boat  on  Tualitin  river,  afterward 
known  as  Taylor's  P'erry,  which  he  operated 
seven  years.  During  that  time  his  business  had 
grown  to  such  an  extent  that  he  built  a  toll 
bridge,  and  conducted  the  same  for  ten  years, 
selling  at  a  large  price.  Mr.  Taylor  was  then 
engaged  in  the  hotel  !)usiness  in  Amity,  Yam 
Hill  county,- until  1876;  was  then  employed  as 
clerk  in  the  implement  business  of  Hawley, 
Dodd  &  Co.,  two  and  a  half  years;  was  with 
Paine  Bros,  three  years,  and  vvith  Jones  &  Co. 
one  and  a  half  years.  In  1882  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  Justice  of  the  Peace  on  the  Republican 
ticket,  was  elected  by  a  large  majority,  and  held 
that  position  ten  years,  also  serving  as  Police 
Judge  of  Walla  Walla  for  a  time.  He  repre- 
sented Washington  county,  Oregon,  in  the  Leg- 
islature in  1868,  and  represented  Walla  Walla 
county,  Washington,  in  1879.  He  owns  eight 
residences  in  this  city,  and  also  a  street-sprink- 
ling ))lant. 

Judge  Taylor  was  married  March  22,  1846, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Mc  Kinsey,  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
whose  parents  were  born  in  Virginia.  To  this 
union  have  been  born  seven  children,  viz.:  Lu- 
setta,  wife  of  Samuel  Kelly,  of  Walla  Walla; 
Frank  K.,  a  resident  of  Pomeroy,  Washington; 
Anna,  deceased,  was  the  wife  of  Joseph  Painter; 
Jennie,  now  Mrs.  D.  J.  Wann,  Asotin;  Ella, 
wife  of  W.  J.  Lawrence,  of  Massachusetts:  John, 
of  Tacoma.  Judge  Taylor  is  an  ardent  Repub- 
lican, and  has  long  been  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order,  Walla  Walla  Lodge,  No.  7. 


rRANK  W.  PAINE,  one  of  Washington's 
pioneers  and  self-made  men,  was  born  in 
^  Somerset  county,  Maine,  August  31,  1839, 
a  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  W.  (Pike)  Paine, 
the  former  a  native  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
and  the  latter  of  New  Hampshire.  The  father, 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  died  in  1884,  and  his 
wife  departed  this  life  in  1872.  They  were  the 
parents  of  six  children,  of  whom  our  subject  was 
the  fifth  child.  His  youngest  brother  is  engaged 
with  him  in  business. 


fyA  ^ 


HIsroUY    OF    WASIIIHGTON. 


Frank  W.  Paine  was  early  inured  to  farm  la- 
bor, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  began 
life  on  his  own  accour)t.  Being  a  young  man  of 
high  ambition,  and  not  wanting  to  settle  down 
in  an  old  country,  he  removed  to  California  in 
1861,  wheie  he  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a 
mercantile  store  one  year.  In  1862  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  Walla  Walla,  AVasliington, 
worked  for  a  time  ina  sawmill  in  the  mountains, 
clerked  in  Dr.  Baker's  mercantile  store  one  year, 
spent  two  years  in  mining  in  Idaho,  resumed  his 
old  position  in  Baker  &  Boyer's  store,  and  then 
took  a  stock  of  goods  to  Montana.  After  re- 
turning to  this  city,  and  in  partnership  with 
Governor  Moore  and  his  brother,  Mr.  Paine 
purchased  the  store  of  Baker  &  Boyer;  later  the 
brothers  bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  Moore,  and 
the  business  was  then  conducted  under  the  name 
of  Paine  Bros.  They  afterward  sold  their  gen- 
eral merchandise,  and  embarked  in  the  imple- 
ment trade,  which  business,  after  some  years, 
they  sold  to  Knapp,  Bunal  &  Co.,  of  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  the  brothers  are  now  engaged  in 
the  real-estate  business  in  this  city.  The  Paine 
Bi-os.  erected  one  of  the  largest  blocks  in  Walla 
Walla,  known  as  the  Paine  Block,  and  they  also 
own  several  other  good  buildings,  besides  vacant 
property.  Large  tracts  of  agricultural  land 
throughout  the  State  belong  to  this  firm. 

Although  our  subject  started  out  in  life  as  a 
working  boy,  he  is  now  a  rich  man,  and  has  the 
prospect  of  living  to  a  good  old  age  to  enjoy  his 
hard-earned  gains.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  for  a  number  of  years,  served 
one  term  as  Mayor  of  his  city,  and  as  School 
Director  about  twelve  years.     lie  was  chairman 


of  the  school  board  which  erected  the  lai' 


ge  anc 


beautiful  school  building  of  this  city,  which 
named  the  Paine  school,  in  his  honor.  Mr. 
Paine  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Tiade 
of  Walla  Walla  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1887 
he  organized  the  State  Prison  at  Walla  Walla, 
moved  the  prisoners  from  Seatco,  which  is  now 
called  Bucoda,  to  this  city,  was  appointed  its 
Commissioner,  and,  after  the  election  of  Gover- 
nor Ferry,  was  made  president  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  which  instituted  and  built  the  jute 
manufactoi'y  for  the  prison.  Under  his  admin- 
istration the  prison  was  a  model  of  its  kind  and 
the  manufacturing  of  jute  bags  was  made  a 
tinancial  success. 

April  3,  1876,  our  subject  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Ida  B.  Issley,  a  native  of  Maine. 
Mr.  Paine   met  and    married  his  wife   in  Wash- 


ington, District  of  Columbia.  They  have  four 
daughters:  Bessie,  Josephine,  Mary  and  Fran- 
ces. Mr.  Paine  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  his  first  presidential  vote 
was  cast  for  Abraham  Lincoln. 

<,,^.— --s,vg-|..t.,|-S>.  t^ .     ,„ 


BENJAMIN  F.  DAY.— One  of  the  prom- 
inent and  representative  citizens  of 
Seattle  is  Mr.  Benjamin  F.  Day,  who 
for  years  has  been  closely  identified  with  the 
city's  tiest  inteix^-^ts,  and  who  lias  contributed 
largely  to  her  material  progress  and  improve- 
ment. Mr.  Day  was  born  near  Oberlin,  Ohio, 
on  January  16,  1S35.  His  parents  were  John 
and  Amiuida  (Harmon)  Day,  natives  respect- 
ively of  Vermont  and  New  York.  The  Day 
family  were  among  the  pionesr  settlers  of  Ohio, 
and  were  prominent  developers  of  farm,  orchard 
and  agricultural  interests,  and  exercised  a  sal- 
utary influence  upon  the  inceptive  destiny  of 
the  young  State.  Our  subject  was  one  of  fifteen 
children.  Owing  to  the  vicissitudes  and  mea- 
ger opportunities  of  pioneer  life,  his  boyhood 
was  passed  in  farm  labor,  although  he  aimed  to 


mpr 


;-ove  the  educational  facilities  otfei-ed  by  the 
winter  schools,  frequently  walking  five  miles  to 
the  little  log  schoolhouse,  and  then  receiving 
but  very  modest  advantages.  He  remained  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  aid- 
ing in  the  general  support  of  the  family.  In 
1856  he  struck  out  for  self-support,  turning  his 
face  to  the  great  West.  He  farmed  in  western 
Ohio,  Illinois  and  Iowa  up  to  1875,  and  then, 
in  partnership  with  his  two  brothers,  Levi  B. 
and  Edwin,  the  former  being  now  a  prominent 
stock  and  grain  operator  in  Chicago  and  the  lat- 
ter a  successful  farmer  of  Ohio,  purchased  three 
sections  of  land  (610  acres  each)  in  Atchison 
county,  Missouri,  where  they  engaged  in  raising 
grain  and  fattening  hogs  and  cattle  for  market, 
with  our  subject  as  general  manager.  Their 
cornfield  frequently  embraced  1,280  acres  in  one 
body,  and  the  entire  product  would  be  fed  upon 
the  ranch. 

Through  unfortunate  stock  speculations,  how- 
ever, and  with  health  impaired  by  overwork 
upon  the  farm,  our  subject  quit  the  ranch,  in 
1879,  and  came  to  the  Territory  of  Washington, 
reduced  both  in  health  and  finances.  He  spent 
the  first  wii.tcr  in  Walla  Walla,  and  came  to 
Seattle  in  the  spring  of  1880.      With  very  lim- 


HlbTOHr    OF     WASHINGTON. 


ited  resoiiices  lie  begau  work  in  the  Commer- 
cial Mill,  but  finding  the  duties  too  arduous, 
and  having  in  the  meantime  made  some  profit- 
able sales  in  real  estate,  he  soon  left  the  mill 
and  devoted  his  attention  to  real-estate  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  has  met  with  flattering  suc- 
cess. He  has  made  several  additions  in  the 
vicinity  of  Lake  Union  and  has  handled  large 
blocks  of  acre  property  in  and  about  that  local- 
ity. He  is  at  present  the  owner  of  considerable 
improved  and  unimproved  real  estate  of  much 
value.  His  home  place,  situated  in  Fremont, 
on  the  Lake  Union  street  railway  line,  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  many  handsome  de- 
mesnes in  and  around  Seattle.  It  comprises 
thirty  acres  of  highly  improved  land,  upon 
which  he  has  erected  a  large  and  elegant  resi- 
dence, the  latter  being  suri'ounded  by  must 
beautiful  lawns,  diversified  by  parterres  of  pleas- 
ing design,  the  grounds  being  in  season  a  vei- 
itable  bower  of  roses. 

Mr.  Day  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Washington  Improvement  Company,  of  which 
he  served  as  vice-president  and  manager,  and 
he  took  an  active  part  in  opening  the  first  canal 
or  waterway  between  Salmon  Bay  and  Lake 
Washington.  Pie  has  also  been  a  promoter  in 
every  interest  and  enterprise  which  has  con- 
cerned the  upbuilding  and  development  of 
Seattle,  and  to-day  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  public-spirited  men  in 
Seattle,  enjoying  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all 
who  know  him.  The  B.  F.  Day  Public  School 
is  a  living  and  lasting  monument  to  his  mem- 
ory, as  he  donated  twenty  lots,  40x120 
feet  each,  to  the  city  for  school  purposes,  and 
the  scliool  was  named  in  his  honor. 

Mr.  Day  has  played  a  prominent  and  con- 
spicuous part  in  the  political  and  municipal  his- 
tory of  Seattle,  as  well  in  its  material  develop- 
ment, and  as  in  the  latter,  so  also  in  the  former 
his  energies  and  influences  exerted  for  the  ben- 
efit and  general  good  of  the  city.  He  was 
electeil  to  the  city  council  from  the  third  ward 
about  1883,  and  at  the  ensuing  election  was  re- 
turned to  that  body  l)y  an  almost  unanimous 
vote,  notwithstanding  a  most  bitter  and  relent- 
less opposition  was  accorded  him  by  the 
"  tough  "  element  of  the  city.  The  enmity  of 
this  element  was  occasioned  by  the  stand  taken 
by  Mr.  Day  for  all  that  was  good  and  moral, 
and  against  all  that  was  low  and  vicious  in  the 
affairs  of  the  city.  He  took  a  firm  and  uncom- 
promising   stand    against   the     low    dives   and 


bawdy-houses  of  the  city,  and  labored  devotedly 
and  unceasingly  for  their  abolishment.  He  was 
first  elected  on  the  Prohibition  ticket,  and  lived 
up  to  the  promises  made  during  the  campaign, 
and  singularly  enough  he  was  the  only  one  of 
tliat  council  who  was  re-elected  at  the  following 
election,  a  fact  wliich  clearly  demonstrated  that 
honesty  add  purity  in  city  officials  command 
respect.  For  three  months  oi  his  term  as  coun- 
cilman he  stood  alone  and  battled  single-handed 
in  his  efforts  to  improve  the  morals  of  the  city. 
He  was  harassed  and  hampered  on  every  side. 
He  could  not  secure  seconds  to  his  motions  and 
was  thus  prevenled  by  parliamentary  usages 
from  getting  many  of  his  plans  and  measures 
before  the  council  for  consideration  or  record. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  gas  and 
lights,  but  his  bills  were  not  allowed,  the  coun- 
cil endeavoring  by  this  means  to  whip  him  into 
line.  He,  however,  fought  it  out  alone  and 
single-handed,  and  in  the  end  triumphed  to  a 
great  extent,  as,  in  company  with  other  good 
citizens,  he  went  to  Olympia  and  secured  from 
the  legislature  a  new  city  charter,  thereliy  gain- 
ing the  support  of  one  member  of  the  council, 
who,  seconding  his  motions,  permitted  Mr.  Day 
to  bring  his  measures  before  the  council  and 
upon  the  records.  This  strife  was  maintained 
throughout  his  entire  time  in  the  council,  and 
he  thus  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  lovers 
of  good  government  and  clean  city  morals. 

During  the  Chinese  troubles  in  Seattle  Mr. 
Day  took  a  prominent  part,  again  exerting  him- 
self in  behalf  of  law,  order  and  justice,  though 
his  course  was  fraught  with  imminent  personal 
danger,  his  life  being  at  times  in  jeopardy. 

Mr.  Day  was  married,  in  Ohio,  in  1859,  to 
Miss  Frances  R.  Smith.  As  to  social  orders,  he 
affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  0.  F.  fraternity. 

|(UDGE  H.  W.  EAGAN,  a  prominent  citi- 
/p- 11  zen  of  Walla  Walla,  was  born  in  Sumner 
^^  .  county,  Tennessee,  December  17,  1822,  a 
son  of  H.  H.  and  Sarah  (Bandy)  Eagan,  the 
former  born  in  Tennessee ^n  1800,  and  the  lat- 
ter in  Kentucky  in  1803.  In  1828,  when  our 
subject  was  six  years  of  age,  the  parents  moved 
to  Marion  county,  Illinois,  settling  on  a  farm 
near  Salem.  Although  the  father  was  a  cari^cn- 
ter  by  trade,  he  raised  his  family  on  the  farm, 
which  in  course  of  time  they  made  one  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


tinest  places  in  southern  Illinois.  Mr.  Eagan 
died  there  in  ISii,  aged  forty-four  years.  Uis 
wife  survived  him  until  1892,  dying  at  the 
liome  of  our  subject  in  Walla  Walla,  at  tlie  good 
old  age  of  eighty- nine  yeai's. 

II.  W.  Eagan,  tlie  eldest  of  ei,!j;ht  children, 
rcniaineJ  on  the  home  farm  until  twenty-three 
years  of  age,  receiving  his  education  in  the  log 
schoolhouse  of  Marion  county,  and  also  attend- 
ing one  term  in  the  high  school  of  Salem.  He 
afterward  followed  the  carpenter's  trade  until 
1850;  was  then  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
held  that  position  four  years,  and  then  served 
as  County  Clerk  of  Marion  county  the  same 
number  of  years.  When  a  young  man,  Mr. 
Eagan  became  a  member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  later  entered  the  min- 
istry. He  was  engaged  in  preaching  iu  Illi- 
nois until  1867;  spent  the  following  five  years 
in  Macon  City,  Missouri,  and  September  15, 
1872,  arrived  in  Walla  Walla,  Washington, 
where  he  came  in  search  of  health.  Mr.  Eagan 
continued  in  the  ministry  until  1888,  having 
spent  thirty  years  in  hard  labor  and  study,  but 
he  was  then  obliged  to  resign  that  calling  on 
account  of  failing  health.  He  was  then  nomi- 
nated for  Probate  Judge,  and  elected  by  a  large 
majority  in  both  parties.  He  served  in  that 
position  two  years,  and  then  accepted  the  nomi- 
nation by  the  Democratic  party  to  the  office  of 
County  Clerk,  and  is  now  tilling  his  second 
term  in  that  capacity,  having  been  re-elected  at 
the  fall  election  of  1892. 

At  the  opening  of  the  late  war,  Judge  Eagan 
was  offered  the  position  as  Chaplain  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Eleventh  Regiment,  but  owing  to 
ill  health  he  could  not  pass  an  examination,  and 
was  compelled  to  stay  at  home.  Put  he  was 
never  idle  during  that  great  struggle,  having 
assisted  the  poor  and  needy  tliat  were  left  be- 
hind. He  also  assisted  in  raising  the  Twenty- 
first  Regiment,  which  was  afterward  assigned  to 
Colonel  Grant,  and  the  One  Hundred  and 
Eleventh  Illinois  Regiment.  He  was  a  lover 
of  the  Union,  and,  had  his  liealth  permitted, 
would  have  shouldered  his  gun  and  helped  to 
save  his  country  and  flag. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  October,  1845,  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  A.  AVhite,  a  native  of  Tennes- 
see, who  settled  in  Marion  county,  Illinois,  in 
1834.  They  had  four  children,  two  of  whom 
died  when  young.  Their  son.  Dr.  E.  P.  Eagan, 
now  resides  on  a  fruit  farm  neai'  Milton,  having 
given  up  the  practice  of  medicine.    The  daugh- 


ter, Hattie  E.,  is  the  widow  of  Lieutenant  Ed- 
win H.  ShoMnn,  late  of  the  First  United  States 
Cavalrv.  -tiitiiiiicd  at  the  garrison  near  Walla 
Walla.'  whriv  lu'  died  in  January.  1880.  Tliey 
had  two  children :  Bessie  and  Edwinna,  the  latter 
now  deceased.  Pessie  and  her  mother  now  re- 
side with  Judge  Eagan.  The  Judge  has  a 
beautiful  cottage  on  Alder  and  Sixth  streets, 
and  also  owns  160  acres  of  laud  in  Yakima 
county. 


^-^ 


-i^-^^s^ 


J 


ESSE  FERGUSON,  of  Tumwater,  has  the 
honor  of  being  one  of  the  oMest  living 
pioneers  of  Washington,  having  come  to 
the  mouth  of  Des  Ciuites  river,  with  M.  Sim- 
mons, George  Bush  and  J.  McCallister,  before 
any  white  people  were  there;  when  not  even  a 
trail  existed  into  the  interior,  they  being  obliged 
to  cut  a  path  and  clear  a  space  large  enough  to 
accommodate  their  camp. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  near  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  May  6,  1824.  His  parents,  Samuel 
and  Jane  (Bauser)  Ferguson,  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  respectively,  and  wore 
married  in  the  latter  State.  They  soon  after-, 
ward  emigrated  to  Quincy,  Illinois,  at  that  time 
on  the  frontier  of  civilization,  where  they  re- 
sided until  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  seven- 
teen years  of  age.  They  then  removed  to 
Sav^annah,  Missouri,  where  they  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives.  They  had  twelve  chil- 
dren, of  wiiom  three  survive:  V.  F.,  a  resident 
of  Iowa;  J.  F.,  in  Oregon;  and  Jesse,  whose 
name  beads  this  sketcii. 

Mr.  Ferguson,  of  this  notice,  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Savannah,  Missouri,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time, 
on  May  6,  1844,  he  started,  as  already  noted, 
with  M.  Simmons,  George  Bush  and  J.  Mc- 
Callister for  the  Pacific  coast.  They  experienced 
some  trouble  at  first  from  the  Indians,  who 
stole  their  stock,  but  otherwise  pursued  their 
way  unmolested.  They  had  comparatively  easy 
traveling  until  reaching  Fort  Hall,  to  which 
point  the  road  had  been  made  by  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  in  1843;  but  from  there  the  party 
were  obliged  to  continue  their  way  to  the  Dalles 
with  wagons.  They  spent  a  short  time  here 
during  the  winter  of  1844,  and  then  hired  a 
batteau  from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  in 
which  they  came  down  the  Columbia  river, 
passing  through  the  place  where  the  proud  city 


UISTORT    OF    WASUINOTON. 


of  -fortland  now  stands;  where  then  was  no 
sign  of  habitation,  a  dense  forest  marking  the 
scene,  and  continuing  their  waj  to  Oregon  City, 
at  that  time  a  straggling  hamlet. 

They  remained  here  almost  nine  months,  en- 
gaged in  logging,  himbering  and  carpentering, 
when  in  the  snmmer  of  1845  they  went  by 
canoe  to  Astoria,  Oregon,  where  they  remained 
fonr  months.  They  then  started  for  northern 
Oregon,  or  what  is  now  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, where,  late  in  the  fall  of  1845,  they  arrived 
at  the  place  now  known  as  Tumwater,  but  which 
then,  and  for  years  afterward,  bore  the  name  of 
New  Market.  They  worked  during  the  winter 
at  making  shingles  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, for  shipment  to  the  Sandwich  islands. 
This  company  then  had  their  headquarters  at 
Fort  Nisqually,  with  Dr.  Tolmie  in  charge. 
The  only  tools  they  had  for  making  shingles 
were  an  ax  and  draw-knife,  and  they  worked  in 
tlie  forest  where  Olympia  now  stands. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  remained  in  this 
vicinity  until  June,  1849,  in  the  meantime 
having  taken  a  claim  of  320  acres,  situated  two 
miles  from  Tumwater.  on  Bush  prairie.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  at  about  this  time 
gold  was  discovered  in  California,  and,  like 
many  others,  Mr.  Ferguson  was  seized  with  a 
desire  to  visit  this  El  Dorado.  Accordingly,  in 
1849  he  took  passage  on  a  lumber-laden  vessel 
for  the  Golden  Slate,  where  he  arrived  in  due 
time.  Owing  to  rains,  however,  he  did  not  do 
any  mining,  and  shortly  afterward  returned  to 
Columbia  river,  making  a  short  stop  on  Sophie's 
island,  from  which  place  he  proceeded  once 
more  to  New  Market,  and  this  time  found 
several  white  families  settled  on  the  present 
site  of  Olympia.  He  now  commenced  working 
at  making  square  timbers  to  ship  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, in  which  occupation  he  was  employed  for 
two  years,  when,  in  1851,  he  removed  to  his 
claim  to  live.  He  remained  on  his  farm  during 
the  winter  of  that  year,  when  the  English  sloop 
Georgiana  sailed  into  the  harbor,  hailing  from 
Sydney,  Australia.  On  her  departure  Mr.  Fer- 
guson, with  twenty-five  others,  departed  for 
Qnien  Charlotte's  island  in  search  of  gold. 

The  sloop  reached  the  island  without  any 
casualty  of  note,  but  here,  at  the  end  of  the 
voyage,  the  boat  was  driven  ashore  in  a  gale. 
Soon  afterward  the  Indians  rushed  on  board, 
robljed  the  passengers  of  all  they  had,  took 
them  prisoners,  and  kept  them  for  fifty-four 
days,   until   they   were    rescued    by  the  United 


States  Government  vessel  Damerescove,  under 
Captain  Balch.  The  rescue  of  the  prisoners 
was  made  by  ransom,  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment buying  goods  of  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, at  Victoria,  to  the  amount  of  $1,500  to 
give  to  the  Indians.  This  experience  cured  Mr. 
Ferguson  of  the  gold  fever,  and  he  has  since 
been  content  to  reside  uninterruptedly  on  his 
farm,  satisfied  with  his  vast  amount  of  land 
and  stock. 

During  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'56,  Mr. 
Ferguson  built  a  block-house  on  his  claim,  in 
which  he  continued  to  live  during  that  troub- 
lous time  in  preference  to  seeking  protection  in 
a  fort,  he  being  one  of  the  few  who  continued 
to  remain  on  their  land. 

In  1850  Mr.  Ferguson  was  married  to  Jane 
Iiutledge,  a  native  of  Ohio,  who  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  parents,  William  and  Mar- 
garette  Rutledge,  who  settled  in  Thurston 
county  in  1850.  She  was  a  faithful  and  affec- 
tionate helpmate,  sharing  without  complaint  all 
her  husband's  hardships  and  labors  for  ten 
years,  when  she  died,  leaving  five  children  to 
his  care.  These  are:  Henry  F.,  David  S.  and 
Samuel,  all  married  and  residing  in  Thurston 
county;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  William  Lee,  living 
on  part  of  her  father's  claim;  and  Annie,  who 
married  J.  Callou,  resides  in  Kamilche.  Mr. 
Ferguson  has  never  remarried,  but  resides  with 
his  daughter  on  the  old  homestead,  which  he 
reclaimed  from  a  wilderness  and  lias  made  to 
blossom  as  a  rose. 


ri(     D.  McPHEKSON,  one  of  the   pioneer 
iLil    settlers  of  Klickitat  county,  is  a  typical 
Ir''^   representative  of  that   body  of  men  to 
•f/  whom  is  due  the  present  importance  of 

this  county.  He  has  lived  here  about  fourteen 
years.  He  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1840, 
a  son  of  Donald  and  Mary  McFherson,  natives 
of  Inverness-shire,  Scotland.  They  moved  to 
Nova  Scotia  in  an  early  day,  where  they  re- 
mained until  death. 

A.  D.  McFherson,  our  subject,  spent  his 
early  life  in  his  native  country,  receiving  such 
educational  advantages  as  was  given  the  farmer 
boy  of  that  day.  Not  being  satisfied  with  the 
advantages  afforded  him  in  his  native  country', 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  States.  He  made 
California  his  home  for  seven  years,  after  wliich 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINQTON. 


he  came  to  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  and  a 
year  later  took  a  homestead  of  160  acres.  Mr. 
McPherson  has  since  added  to  his  original  pur- 
chase, until  he  now  owns  240  acres  of  well  im- 
proved land,  located  seven  miles  northwest  of 
Goldendale,  and  in  the  best  wheat  section  of 
the  country. 

Ill  1883,  in  CHJitbrnia,  our  suljject  was  united 
ill  marriage  to  Miss  Joan  Cameron,  a  daughter  of 
Angus  and  Mary  Cameron,  natives  of  Scotland. 
They  afterward  located  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  re- 
mained there  until  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McPher- 
son have  had  tburchildren :  Florace  Lamb, Harvey 
Grant,  Mary  Jane  and  Alfred  Kirk.  Socially, 
Mr.  McPiierson  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  of  Goldendale.  He  affiliates  with  the 
Republican  party,  takes  an  active  interest  in 
township  and  county  affairs,  and  is  foremost  in 
every  enterprise  for  the  good  of  his  community 
and  highly  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

JAMES  H.  PAYNE,  of  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Kentucky, 
May  5,  1823,  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Eliza- 
beth (Wright)  Payne,  natives,  respectively,  of 
Virojinia  and  Kentucky.  In  tlie  fall  of  1823, 
after  spending  a  number  of  years  in  Shelby 
county,  Kentucky,  the  father  moved  his  family 
to  Owen  county,  Indiana,  where  he  secured  a 
farm,  erected  a  cabinet  shop,  and  there  passed 
the  remaining  years  of  his  life. 

James  II.,  the  youngest  of  thirteen  children, 
and  the  only  survivor  of  the  family,  remained 
witii  his  parents  until  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
attiMidini;  to  the  duties  of  the  farm  and  also 
;i->i^iiiii;  liis  father  in  the  shop.  In  February, 
ls4.j,  lit-  fiioaged  as  clerk  in  a  mercantile  store 
in  Grand  View,  Kentucky,  receiving  .f8  per 
month  and  board,  and  one  year  later  purchased 
an  interest  in  the  business.  In  the  fall  of  1852, 
on  account  of  failing  health,  he  sold  his  inter- 
est in  the  store,  and  in  the  following  spring,  in 
connection  with  Benjamin  Freeland  and  Henry 
Colinan  and  their  families-,  he  decided  to  come  to 
Oregon.  They  started  March  21,  1853,  the 
little  train  numbering  eight  wagons  and  180 
head  of  cattle  and  horses,  and,  with  the  usual 
experiences  of  the  pioneers,  they  crossed  the 
plains  and  mountains  to  The  Dalles,  Oregon, 
thence  by  the  Barlow  route  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  locating  near  Brownsville,  Linn   county. 


Mr.  Payne  purchased  a  claim  of  320  acres  for 
§500,  the  only  improvements  being  a  little  slab- 
house,  10  X  12  feet,  and  even  this  seemed  large 
after  living  in  wagons  so  many  months.  Food 
was  very  expensive,  and  the  only  supply  was 
wheat  at  $2.50  per  bushel,  which  was  ground 
for  flour,  cracked  for  mush  and  browned  for 
coffee.  With  a  sick  wife  and  two  small  chil- 
dren, Mr.  Payne  struggled  through  the  first 
winter,  often  driving  ten  miles  to  cut  and  draw 
rails  to  fence  a  little  ground  for  the  spring 
crops.  They  remained  on  the  farm  about  five 
years,  and  during  that  time  improved  the  house 
and  put  thirty  acres  of  land  under  the  plow. 
In  the  fall  of  1858  our  subject  engaged  in  cab- 
inet work  and  the  furniture  business  in  Albany; 
in  the  spring  of  1866  began  carpentering  in 
Salem,  and  in  1868  came  to  Seattle. 

After  arriving  in  this  city  Mr.  Payne  first 
followed  the  grocery  trade  for  a  few  months. 
In  the  spring  of  1869  he  was  one  of  a  syndi- 
cate to  purcliase  the  New  Castle  coal  mines, 
which  they  improved  and  operated  about  two 
years,  and  then  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice.  He 
was  next  employed  on  the  Snohomish  Indian 
reservation  about  nine  months,  but,  there  being 
but  few  facilities  for  educating  his  children 
there,  he  soon  returned  to  Seattle,  where  he  has 
ever  since  resided.  Mr.  Payne  followed  con- 
tracting and  building  until  1889,  and  in  that 
year  erected  his  cottage  home  at  304  Olympic 
avenue,  and  retired  from  active  business. 

He  was  married  at  Grand  View,  Illinois, 
September  26,  1848,  to  Miss  Mahala  B.  Free- 
land,  a  native  of  Spencer,  Indiana.  They  have 
had  five  children,  namely:  Emma  A.,  widow  of 
James  Thomas';  Mary  E.,  deceased;  Julia  A., 
now  Mrs.  C.  H.  Staddleman;  Flora  E.,  wife  of 
W.  H.  Hughes;  and  Qninu  E.,  deceased.  The 
latter  was  a  young  man  of  great  promise,  but 
after  a  service  of  eight  years  as  mail  clerk  be- 
tween Seattle  and  Whatcom,  his  health  failed 
from  hardships  and  exposure,  and  his  untimely 
demise  ensued. 

'^■'^■^ 

C.  BOSTWICK,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster, Pennsylvania,  in  1829,  but  his 
parents  removed  to  Ohio  three  years 
later,  and  in  the  old  Buckeye  State  his 
boyhood  days  were  passed.  In  1850  he  re- 
moved to  Park  county,  Indiana,  and  attended 
the  high  school  at  Rockville.     In   1857  he  be- 


lIISTOltT    OF    WASUINGTON. 


gan  attending  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  in 
1859  removed  to  Kansas. 

During  tlie  late  war  of  the  Rebellion  Dr. 
Bostwick  was  Major  Surgeon  of  the  JSinth 
Kansas  Cavalry,  a  position  which  he  was  com- 
pelled to  resign  iu  1863,  on  account  of  im- 
paired health.  He  resumed  the  regular  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  and  later  took  a  special 
post-graduate  course  at  Rush  Medical  College, 
Chicago.  In  1873  he  removed  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  two  years  later  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Tacoma,  where  he  has  since  remained 
in  the  successful  practice  of  his  profession.  In 
the  early  days  of  his  professional  work  here  he 
was  frequently  called  to  remote  parts  of  the 
State,  his  skilled  services  being  much  in  demand. 

Dr.  Bostwick  served  as  United  States  surgeon 
to  the  Fuyalhip  reservation  in  1877;  has  offici- 
ated as  a  member  of  the  Pension  Examining 
Board;  was  president  of  the  first  medical  so- 
ciety organized  in  the  Territory;  was  a  member 
of  the  first  City  Council  of  Tacoma,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  first  board  of  ti'ade.  He  has  aho 
been  prominent  m  banking  circles. 

This  brief  review  will  prove  adequate  to 
show  the  position  which  Dr.  Bostwick  has 
maintained  in  the  development  of  the  State  and 
city,  and  he  stands  conspicuous  among  those 
who  have  been  identified  with  the  march  of 
progress  and  who  have  been  conservators  of  the 
best  interests  of  the  section. 


EYNOLDS  &  STEWART  are  leading 
lawyers  of  Cl'iehalis,  Lewis  county.  The 
firm  was  established  April  1,  1890,  and 
is  probably  the  ablest  and  best  known  law 
association  in  Lewis  county.  Their  practice, 
which  has  been  a  lucrative  and  constantly  in- 
creasing one  from  the  start,  extends  not  only 
throughout  the  county,  but  far  into  the  adjacent 
counties  and  surrounding  Territory.  Messrs. 
Reynolds  &  Stewart  are  the  legal  ndvisers  and 
counselors  for  the  financial  institutions  of  Che- 
halis,  and  also  for  many  of  the  leading  incor- 
porated enterprises  of  the  city  and  county.  The 
firm,  either  jointly  or  separately,  are  closely 
identified  with  a  number  of  the  growing  indus- 
tries of  Lewis  county,  and  among  them  may  be 
mentioned  the  Commercial  State  Bank  of  this 
city;  Chehaiis  Improvement  Company;  Chehalis 


Flume  &  Aqueduct  Company,  incorporated  in 
1889;  also  the  Washington  Mining  &  Develop- 
ing Company,  incorporated  December  10,1892; 
and  many  other  enterprises. 

W.  A.  Reynolds,  the  junior  member  of  the 
firm,  was  born  in  Indiana,  July  3, 1850,  a  son  of 
Ashbell  S.  and  Emily  W.  (Williams)  Reynolds, 
natives  respectively  of  New  York  and  Connecti- 
cut. The  father  died  in  1859,  and  the  mother 
survived  until  1890.  At  the  early  age  of  thir- 
teen years,  our  subject  left  the  parental  roof, 
and  began  the  battle  of  life  on  his  own  account. 
Since  that  time,  with  no  other  aid  than  his  own 
energy  and  perseverance,  he  has  made  his  own 
way  through  life.  He  proceeded  to  Wilming- 
ton, Illinois,  where  he  engaged  at  farm  labor,  at- 
tending school  during  the  winter  months.  He 
graduated  at  the  Rock  River  Seminary,  at  Mt. 
Morris,  with  the  class  of  1874.  Mr.  Reynolds 
then  began  teaching,  served  as  principal  of  dif- 
ferent public  schools  for  some  time,  and  then 
entered  as  a  student  in  the  law  office  of  Steel  & 
Jones,  at  Chicago.  He  was  subsequently  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  Supi-eme  Court  of  Illi- 
nois, followed  his  profession  in  Chicago  from 
1881  to  18S3,  and  in  the  latter  year  came  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  After  remaining  a  few  months  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  he  located  permanently  in 
Chehalis,  AVashington,  since  which  time  his 
name  has  been  prominently  connected  with  the 
official  affairs  of  the  city  and  county. 

Mr.  Reynolds  was  married  in  this  city,  in  May, 
1886,  to  "Miss  Callie  C.  Allen,  a  native  of  Illi- 
nois. They  have  one  sou,  Walter  A.  In  his  po- 
litical relations,  our  subject  affiliates  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  the  choice  of  his 
party  for  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1884,  served 
two  years,  and  in  1888  was  re-elected  to  that 
position.  He  has  also  been  a  tnember  of  the 
City  Council  and  was  elected  City  Attorney.  In 
that  latter  position  he  has  probably  done  more 
active  work  in  re-organizing  the  city  and  ex- 
tending its  boundaries  than  any  other  of  the 
city's  officials.  Socially,  Mr.  Reynolds  is  a  mena- 
ber  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  has  passed  all  the 
official  chairs  in  the  blue  lodge. 

David  Stewart  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, August  19,  1848,  a  son  of  John  and  Eliz- 
abeth (Ferguson)  Stewart,  natives  also  of  that 
country.  The  mother  died  in  1871,  and  the  fa- 
ther in  1890.  David,  the  fourth  of  ten  children, 
accompanied  his  parents  to  Canada  in  1859, 
where  he  received  his  education.  In  1866  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  remained  at  Brainerd 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Minnesota,  from  1866  to  1874,  and  dtirincrthat 
time  be^an  the  stud}' of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Judge  Holland.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Bismarck,  Dakota,  in  1875.  He  served  as  City 
Justice  in  that  city  one  term,  and  also,  on  his 
return  to  Braineid,  Minnesota,  was  elected  to 
the  same  position.  In  1889  Mr.  Stewart  came 
to  this  city,  and  entered  into  partnership  as 
above  stated.  In  addition  to  his  large  practice, 
he  also  owns  city  property,  and  timber  land  in 
the  adjoining  county.  Mr.  Stewart  affiliates 
with  the  Republican  party,  is  secretary  of  the 
Chehalis  Flumo  &  Aqueduct  Company,  holds 
the  same  position  in  the  Chehalis  Improvement 
Company,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Washing- 
ton Mining  &  Development  Company. 


TjJfON.   MOSES  YODER,  a  prominent  law 
pM     practitioner  of  Chehalis,  was  born  in  Ohio, 
J     11   June  27,   1837,  a  son  of  Valentine  and 
17  Mary  (Schrock)   Yoder,  natives  of  Penn- 

sylvania and  of  Swiss  origin.  Tlieir  ancestors 
fled  from  Switzerland  as  early  as  1752,  to  escape 
religious  pe/secution.  The  lather  of  our  subject, 
a  carpenter  and  builder  by  trade,  removed  with 
his  family  from  Elkhart  county,  Indiana, in  1842. 
The  mother  died  in  September,  1884,  and  the 
father  survived  until  1892,  dying  at  the  age  of 
eighty -four  years. 

Moses  Yoder,  the  eldest  of  his  parents'  eleven 
oiiildren,  passed  his  boyhood  days  on  a  farm, 
and  is  principally  a  self-educated  man.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  years  he  began  work  at  the  car- 
penter's trade  with  his  father,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1862.  In  that  year  he  enlisted  for 
service  in  the  late  war,  entering  Company  E, 
Seventy-fourth  Indiana  Regiment,  but  was  dis- 
charged in  1863,  having  become  disabled  while 
serving  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  for 
whicli  injury  he  now  draws  a  small  pension.  Af- 
ter partially  regaining  his  health,  but  not  being 
physically  able  to  follow  his  trade,  Mr.  Yoder 
engaged  in  teaching,  and  at  the  same  time  be- 
gan reading  law  with  T.  G.  Wilson.  He  later 
entered  a  law  office  and  studied  under  M.  W. 
Strayer  of  Lexington,  Illinois,  and  in  1868  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Chatfc worth,  that  State. 
After  practicing  his  profession  at  that  place  two 
years,  Mr.  Yoder  removed  to  Neodesha,  Kansas, 
where  he  remained  eleven  years,  and  during  that 
time  htld   the   office  of    Police   Magistrate   two 


years,  or  until  his  departure  for  the  Pacific  coast 
in  1881.  Mr.  Yoder  immediately  located  in 
this  city,  but  one  year  later  began  tlie  practice 
of  law  in  Tacotna.  During  the  following  year, 
on  account  of  ill  health,  he  visited  the  mountain 
districts  of  southern  Oregon,  and  in  March,  1884, 
again  took  up  his  residence  in  this  city.  During 
the  same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  position  of 
County  Judge,  serving  in  that  capacity  until 
1886.  Although  having  been  connected  with 
many  criminal  cases.  Judge  Yoder  has  a  decided 
preference  for  civil  practice,  and  is  perhaps  one 
of  the  best  land  lawyer.s  in  southwestern  Wash- 
ington. He  has  indeed  done  much  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  Lewis  county,  liaving  divided  a 
tract  of  240  acres  near  the  city  into  lots, 
and  sold  the  same  on  long-tiine  payments,  to 
encourage  fruit,  garden  and  ben-y  culture,  to 
which  the  climate  is  especially  adapted. 

Judge  Yoder  was  married  at  Ashland,  Ore- 
gon, in  January,  1884,  to  Miss  Minerva  Arnett, 
a  native  of  Nebraska.  They  have  two  children: 
Florence  A.  and  Cisso  L.  Our  subject  was  the 
father  of  four  children  by  a  former  marriage, 
only  one  of  whom  is  now  living,  Charles.  In 
political  matters,  the  Judge  is  an  active  Repub- 
lican, and  socially,  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O  F. 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  passed  all  the 
official  chairs  in  tlie  latter  order,  and  is  also  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Gr.  A.  R.  at  Toledo, 
Washington. 


CM.  STEADMAN,  Auditor  of  Lewis 
county,  Washington,  was  born  in  Ste- 
phenson county,  Illinois,  June  25,  1860, 
a  son  of  Josiah  and  Elizabeth  B.  (Sloan)  Stead- 
man,  the  former  a  native  of  New  York  and  the 
latter  of  Indiana.  G.  M.,  the  eldest  of  two 
children,  remained  in  his  native  State  until 
twelve  years  of  age,  and  he  then  removed  with 
his.  parents  to  Clark  Staiioii.  Nebraska,  wdiere 
he  completed  his  ediiiMi  ion  in  tlie  public  schools. 
Mi'Steadman  then  learnc  I  the  printer's  trade, 
but  later  learned  telegraphy,  and  for  twelve 
years  served  as  station  agent  on  the  Union 
Paciiic  Railway  in  Nebraska.  In  1889  he  came 
to  Chehlais,  Washington,  and  for  twenty  months 
was  agent  for  the  Northern  Pacific  RiilroaJ 
Coiiipany  in  this  city.  He  then  filled  the  posi- 
tion of  Deputy  Auditor  until  1892,  and  in  that 
year  was  elected   to   prin  jipalship    in  the  office. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Altlioiigh  be  has  never  taken  an  active  interest 
in  politics.  Mr.  Steadman  is  a  staunch  Kepubli- 
caii,  is  a  gentleman  of  retiring  disposition,  never 
seeks  public  notoriety,  and  his  entire  attention 
is  occupied  with  the  arduous  duties  of  his  office. 
April  29,  1880,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Kate  M.  Bliss,  a  native  of  Michigan. 
They  have  two  children:  George  M.  and  Maud. 
Mr.  Steadman  affiliates  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 


^-^3-^^— ■ 


CW.  BABCOCK.— Among  those  residents 


q,  of  the  little  city  of  Walla  Walla  who  may 
j  justly  lay  claim  to  being  one  of  the  pion 
S  eers  of  the  coast  is  G.  W.  Babcock,  who 
was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  Novem- 
ber 22.  1832,  son  of  Elisha  and  Hannah  (Van- 
oustrance)  Babcock,  natives  of  Massachusetts 
and  Vermont.  When  our  subject  was  but  six 
years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  New  York, 
where  he  received  a  good  common-school  educa- 
tion. The  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  na- 
tive of  the  north  of  Ireland  and  cumetoAmerica 
in  an  early  day  and  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  dying  at  the  advanced  age 
of  112  years.  His  son,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
early  in  life  was  a  sttamboat  builder,  but  later 
engaged  in  larming,  continuing  that  occupation 
for  the  rest  of  his  days.  He  died  in  New  York 
in  1886,  aged  ninety-six,  while  his  wife,  who 
was  of  Holland  descent,  survived  him  about  six 
months,  dying  at  the  age  of  ninety-four.  They 
had  thirteen  children,  of  whom  our  subject  is 
the  oldest.  All  of  the  family  are  living  except 
one  who  was  captured  during  the  war,  confined 
in  Libby  Prison  and  Andersonville  and  starved 
to  death.  His  lather  obtained  his  release,  but 
help  came  too  late,  as  the  unfortunate  man  died 
a  few  hours  after  being  restored  to  liberty. 

When  our  subject  attained  the  age  of  four- 
teen, he  went  to  Illinois,  which  was  then  the 
frontier,  to  work  in  the  lead  mines  at  Galena, 
renaaining  two  years,  after  which  he  engaged  in 
selling  clocks  and  lightning  rods  through  the 
South,  West  and  North.  After  following  that 
calling  for  two  years  he  learned  the  carpenter 
and  joiner's  trade,  which  he  followed  as  long  as 
he  remained  in  Illinois.  In  1850,  like  many 
others  of  that  day,  he  went  to  California  in 
search  of  gold,  crossing  the  plains  with  an  ox 
team.     After   a  trip   of  six    months   and   nine 


days  he  arrived  in  California  and  proceeded  to 
the  mines,  where  he  remained  ten  years,  duriiig 
which  time  he  was  very  successful.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  he  removed  to  San  Francisco  and 
worked  at  his  trade  as  a  builder  and  architect, 
furnishing  the  plans  for  some  of  the  leading 
buildings  in  San  Francisco  and  Oakland.  In 
1884  he  came  to  Washington,  settling  at  Walla 
Walla,  where  he  was  extensively  engaged  in 
architectural  work,  being  concerned  in  the 
erection  of  some  of  the  largest  public  buildings 
States  of  Washington,  Oregon,  Idaho  and  Mon- 
tana, furnishing  the  plans  for  the  courthouses 
at  Pendleton,  Colfax,  McMenden,  Oregon, 
Lewiston,  Idaho  and  the  State  University  at 
Moscow,  besides  many  other  important  build- 
ings. 

The  marriage  of  onr  subject  occurred  in  1850, 
when  he  was  united  to  Miss  Shirley  of  Mud 
Springs,  California,  but  a  native  of  Illinois.  Her 
parents  crossed  the  plains  in  1854.  Two  daugh- 
ters were  born  of  this  urion,  Camilla,  wife  of 
F.  G.  Lunt,  of  Boston,  where  he  is  engaged  in 
business,  and  Evaline,  wife  of  W.  J.  McGaw,  of 
Walla  Walla.  The  lesidence  of  our  subject  is 
in  Walla  Walla,  in  which  city  he  is  universally 
esteemed.  Socially,  he  is  connected  with  the 
Masonic  older,  l)eing  Standard  Bearer  of  the 
Knights  Templar.  Politically,  lieaffiliates  with 
the  Republican  party,  although  of  late  years 
close  attention  to  his  business  has  prevented 
him  from  tuking  an  active  part  in  politics. 
While  a  resident  of  Oakland  he  was  a  member 
of  the  City  Council.  All  of  his  life  Mr.  Bab- 
cock has  been  strictly  a  man  of  business,  only 
permitting  himself  to  enjoy  two  trips  to  his  old 
home,  the  last  one  lieingin  the  centennial  year, 
when  he  visited  the  great  exposition  at  Phila- 
delphia. A  good  workman,  attending  strictly 
to  business,  Mr.  Babcock  has  won  for  himself 
many  friends  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  all  with 
whom  he  has  business  relations. 


LE  F.  A.  SHAW,  one  of  Walla  Walla's  en- 
I    terprising  business  men,  was  born  in  Fall 
1   River,  Massachusetts,  February  7,    1842, 

son  of  Edwin  and  Keziah  (Weston)  Shaw,  na- 
tives also  of  that  State.  The  father  followed 
carpentering  for  a  time,  but,  not  having  suffi- 
cient health  to  endure  the  work  of  a  builder,  he 
followed     merchandising'   in    Fall    River   for  a 


U I  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


time.  He  died  in  June,  1891,  at  the  age  of 
seventy- five  years.  His  wife  died  soon  after 
the  birth  of  onr  subject,  leaving  liiiii  to  the  care 
of  his  father.  The  latter  remarried,  and  to  that 
union  was  also  born  one  child,  a  daughter. 

Le  F.  A.,  the  siibject  of  this  sketch,  began 
life  for  himself  by  learning  the  sign  painter's 
trade,  which  he  followed  in  Fall  Kiver  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  afterward  concluded  to 
make  his  home  in  the  West,  and  accordingly 
landed  in  San  Francisco  in  March,  1865,  follow- 
ing his  trade  in  that  city  three  years.  In  1868 
Mr.  Shaw  engaged  in  the  insurance  business, 
and  the  following  year  opened  an  office  in  P(jrt- 
land,  Oregon.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  Dep- 
uty Collectoi  of  Internal  Revenue  for  Washing- 
ton, and  took  up  his  residence  at  Walla  Walla, 
and  since  the  expiration  of  his  tei  m  of  office  has 
followed  the  insurance  business  in  that  city.  Mr. 
Shaw  served  as  City  Clerk  of  Walla  Walla  seven 
\ears. 

In  Portland,  Oregon,  October  10,  1870,  our 
subject  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Florence 
A.  Myers,  a  native  of  Illinois.  She  departed 
this  life  in  1874,  leaving  two  children.  Pearl 
and  Ruby.  In  1878  Mr.  Shaw  married  Mrs. 
Emma  Kellogg,  a  native  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Shaw 
i)ecame  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows  order, 
April  5,  1866,  in  San  Francisco,  California,  and 
in  May,  1884,  was  elected  Grand  Secretary  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  AVashington,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  which 
iinpoi'tant  position  he  still  holds.  He  has  also 
filled  many  important  offices  in  the  K.  of  P.,  of 
which  "order  he  is  still  a  member.  He  is 
Master  of  Columbia  lodge,  No.  5,  A.  A.  S.  R., 
of  Walla  Walla,  and  is  a  member  of  El  Katif 
Temple,  A.  A.  O.  N.  M.  S.,  at  Spokane,  AVash- 
ington. 


HARLES  W.  ROBBINS,  proprietor  ofa 
hotel  at  Medical  Lake,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1834,  a  son  of  James  and  Susan 
(Crosby)  Robbins,  natives  of  New  York.  The 
father  was  a  mechanic  by  profession.  Charles 
W.,  the  third  of  nine  children,  was  educated  in 
the  district  schools  of  Washington  county, 
Maine,  and  after  completing  his  education  fol- 
lowed logging  a  number  of  years.  In  August, 
1852,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighteenth  Maine  In- 
fantry, was  stationed  in  and  around  Washing- 
ton, in  defense  of  the  capitol,  and  in  1863  went 
to  the  front.      He  joined  the  Fifth  Army  Corps 


under  Hancock,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Spottsylvania,  Virginia,  May  19,  1868.  He 
was  then  sent  to  Lincoln  hospital,  at  Washing- 
ton, and  was  honorably  discharged  in  1865. 

After  the  close  of  the  struggle  Mr.  Robbins 
located  in  Eddington  Bend,  Maine.  In  1875 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  lumbering  three  years:  in  1878  lo- 
cated in  Palouse,  Washington,  spent  some  time 
in  Idaho,  and  in  1879  took  up  his  residence  in 
Medical  Lake.  He  erected  the  hotel  of  which 
he  is  still  proprietor,  and  also  owns  other  valu- 
able property  in  this  city.  Mr.  Rohbins  held 
the  office  of  Councilman  of  Medical  Lake  oi;e 
term,  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  the 
Odd  Fellows  and  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  Republican 
in  his  political  views. 

He  was  married  at  an  early  age,  to  Miss  Anna 
G.  (irilsby,  a  native  of  Aurora,  Maine.  They 
had  two  children,  both  now  deceased.  Mr. 
Robbins  has  done  a  great  deal  to  further  the  in- 
terests of  Medical  Lake,  is  one  of  its  most  en- 
terprising citizens,  and  is  highly  esteemed  by 
his  fellow  townsmen. 

--^^^m^^^ — 

THE  MICHIGAN  LUMBER  COMPAN  Y. 
— This  (•■■iH|iaiiy,  wiiose  plant  is  probably 
the  most  i\trii-i\  ,■  in  southwestern  Wash- 
ington, was  crganized  and  incorporated  in 
1889,  with  the  following  officers:  President, 
Louis  Sohus;  A^ice  President  and  Manager;  P.  C. 
McFarlane;  Secretary,  Charles  E.  McFarlane; 
Treasurer,  W.  B.  Wells.  The  official  corps  at 
the  present  time  is  as  follows:  President  and 
Manager,  P.  C.  McFarlane;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
Charlotte  M.  Gray;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
Charles  E.  McFarlane.  They  have  conducted 
very  extensive  lumbering  operations  in  AVash- 
ington  and  (^)regc)ii,  and  have  a  well  stocked 
yard  in  Albina,  tlie  latter  State.  Their  plant 
has  a  capacity  of  70,000  feet  daily,  and  they  em- 
ploy forty  men  about  the  yard,  and  keep  seven 
teams  constantly  employed  delivering  lumber 
and  replenishing  the  Albina  yard.  The  mechan- 
ical equipment  of  the  plant  is  of  the  latest 
and  most  improved  design.  The  engine  is  of 
200-horse_ power.  Logs  are  floated  to  the  mill 
from  the  Columbia  river  and  tributary  streatns, 
and  additional  supplies  in  the  line  also  trans- 
ported from  the  interior  of  Clarke  county,  by 
the  Vancouver,  Klickitat  and  Yakima  Railroad, 


nr STORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


which  is  owned  and  controlled  by  the  stockhold- 
ers of  the  Michigan  Lumber  Company.  The 
road  at  this  time  extends  twelve  miles  into  the 
interior  of  the  county,  and  probably  at  no  dis- 
tant day  will  be  pushed  forward  to  Yakima.  At 
the  present  time  the  travel  is  light,  the  road  be- 
ing chiefly  used  for  logging  and  timber  pur- 
poses. The  officers  of  the  road  are:  Louis 
iSohus,  President;  Charles  Brown,  Vice-Presi- 
dent; David  Schule,  Secretary;  L.  M.  Hidder, 
Manager;  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Vancou- 
ver, Treasurer;  and  Sohus  Hidden,  Brown  and 
'McFarlaue,  Directors.  The  Mill  Company  also 
own  near  the  present  terminus  of  the  railroad  a 
largetract  of  choice  timber  land  which  supplies  a 
small  per  centage  of  material  to  the  mill,  be- 
sides giving  piling  and  other  extreme-length 
material  to  various  sections  of  the  8tate. 

P.  C.  McFarlane,  who  is  probably  the  most 
largely  interested  in  the  company's  operations, 
was  born  in  Canada,  August  20,  1849,  a  son  of 
Andrew  and  Mary  J.  (Bryden)  McFarlane,  both 
of  Scotch  birth,  and  now  deceased.  They  re- 
moved from  Canada  to  America  in  1853,  locat- 
in  Michigan.  Our  subject,  the  youngest  in  a 
family  of  ten  children,  was_ reared  and  educated 
in  tiiat  State,  and  from  early  boyhood  has  been 
connected  with  the  lumber  trade.  He  came  to 
Vancouver  in  1888,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  closely  identified  with  the  growth,  pros- 
perity and  best  interest  of  the  city  and  Clarke 
county.  Mr.  McFarlane  recently  effected  the  pur- 
cbate  of  the  old  Lake  river  mill  property,  and  for 
tlio  operation  of  the  plant  the  P.  C.  McFarlane 
Lumber  Company  was  incorporated  in  January, 
1883.  Theofficersare:  P.  C.  McFarlane,  Presi- 
dent; Charles  McFarlane,  Secretary,  and  W.  W. 
McCredie,  Treasurer;  and  the  directors  are  the 
same  as  above  mentioned,  with  the  addition  of 
Charlotte  M.  Wray.  The  mill  has  a  capacity  of 
35,000  feet  daily,  is  operated  by  an  engine  of 
lOOhorse  power,  and  lias  a  large  amount  of 
lumber  tributary  to  the  mill.  The  company 
employ  ten  men  in  getting  cord- wood  for  the 
Portland  market,  supplying  from  500  to  1,000 
cords  monthly.  The  facilities  for  getting  wood 
■  are  of  the  best,  there  being  a  flume  of  one  and 
a  quarter  miles,  which  carries  wood  to  the  tide 
water. 

Mr.  McFarlane  is  a  man  of  family.  He  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  political  mat- 
ters until  recently,  and  is  a  stanch  advocate  of 
the  Republican  party.  He  was  eleci;ed  a  mem- 
ber of  the  city   council   of  Vancouver  in  1891, 


serving  one  year,  and  in  the  same  year  was  also 
appointed  County  Commissioner,  but  owing  to 
his  business  interests  was  compelled  to  decline 
the  honor.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  Ma- 
sonic order,  and  has  passed  all  the  official  chairs 
in  the  L  O.  O.  F. 


J  JUDGE  VINCEiNT  D.  LAMBERT,  one  of 
'  the  Washington  pioneers,  was  born  in 
^  Deptf  ord,  England,  July  26,  1828,  a .  son 
of  John  and  Eliza  Lambert,  natives  also  of  that 
country.  The  father  died  in  1842,  at  the  age  of 
thirty- seven  years,  and  the  mother  in  1868, 
aged  seventy  years. 

Vincent  D.,  the  eldest  of  five  children,  re- 
ceived only  a  limited  education,  liaving  spent 
most  of  his  time,  after  reaching  a  suflicient  age, 
at  the  cooper's  trade.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  he  was  employed  as  ship  cooper  on  a  whal- 
ing vessel,  but  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
three  years  at  that  occupation,  he  and  a  friend 
started  for  San  Francisco.  They  made  arrange- 
ments with  the  Captain  of  a  ship,  obtained  a 
canoe,  and,  with  a  party  of  five,  started  for  the 
vessel  at  night,  but  their  light  craft  was  over- 
turned, throwing  its  occupants  in  the  ocean. 
They  however  clung  to  the  canoe,  and  were 
safely  landed  on  board  the  ship.  Once  on  board 
the  ship  all  were  stowed  away  for  five  days,  only 
taking  chances  to  come  out  for  ret'resliments  oc- 
casionally. They  at  last  set  sail,  and  once  out 
of  port  they  came  out  from  their  hiding,  and 
landel  in  San  Francisco,  in  February,  1852. 
Our  subject  conducted  a  cooper  shop  from  that 
time  until  1854,  and  in  that  year  he  invented 
the  first  axle  grease  ever  put  on  the  market  of 
San  Francisco,  called  the  Hucks  &  Lambert  Axle 
Grease,  Mr.  Lambert  having  taken  Mr.  Hucks 
as  a  partner.  The  latter  afterward  gained  con- 
trol of  the  patent,  our  siiltject  thus  losing  a  pa- 
tent and  a  business  which  ultimately  became 
very  valuable.  He  then  began  agricultural  pur- 
suits in  California,  but,  that  business  proving 
unfruitful  in  pecuniary  returns,  he  started  for 
the  Territory  of  Washington,  arriving  in  Walla 
Walla  November  5,  1868.  He  immediately  re- 
sumed farming,  in  which  he  was  again  unsuc- 
cessful. Mr.  Lambert  next  opened  a  cooper  shop 
in  this  city,  and  in  1880  was  elected  Justice  of 
the  Peace  of  Walla  Walla,  since  which  time, 
with  the  exception  of  two  terms  as  Police  Judge 


U I  STORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


of  the  city,  he  has  filled  tliat  position.  In  1879 
he  was  appointed  Deputy  Assessor  of  the  county, 
and  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  pension  and  land 
business,  having  been  admitted  to  practice  in 
that  department  in  1890.  He  has  been  very 
successful  in  his  pension  clainjs. 

In  1847  Judge  Lambert  was  married,  in  En- 
gland, to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Payne,  a  native  of  that 
country.  After  landing  in  San  Francisco,  our 
subject  sent  for  his  family,  from  whom  he  had 
been  separated  three  years.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  viz.:  George,  of  Walla  Walla; 
Mary,  wife  of  Robert  Greener;  William,  of  San 
Francisco;  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Myers,  of 
Walla  Walla;  Martha  R.,  wife  of  Henry  San- 
derson; Vincent,  a  resident  of  San  Francisco; 
Anna  L.,  wife  of  Walter  God  man  of  this  city; 
and  John,  also  of  Walla  Walla.  The  Judge  is 
a  leading  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Colnmbia  Lodge,  No.  8,  of  Walla  Walla;  has 
tilled  all  the  offices  of  his  lodge,  has  served  as 
Grand  Master  at  Arms  of  the  Grand  Lodge, 
and  is  now  Grand  Deputy  of  his  order.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and  religi- 
ously was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  but  of  late  years  has  become  more  in- 
dependent in  his  views. 


HARLES  F.  MUNDAY,  of  White  & 
Munday,  the  oldest  establisljed  law  firm 
in  AVashington,- was  born  in  Sonoma  Val- 
ley, California,  in  October,  1858.  His  ances- 
tors were  natives  of  England,  and  emigrated  to 
America  in  the  seventeenth  century.  They  first 
located  in  Virginia,  but  subsequently  removed 
to  Kentucky  with  the  colony  headed  by  Daniel 
Ijoone.  B.  B.  Munday,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  the  latter  State,  and  remained 
with  his  parents  on  the  farm  until  1844.  In 
that  year  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he 
engaged  in  trading  and  running  a  wagon  train 
into  Mexico.  In  1849  he  sold  his  train  in  SantaFe, 
joined  a  company  en  route  across  the  plains  to 
California,  and  was  so  much  pleased  with  the  new 
country  that  he  returned  to  Kansas  City  toclose 
up  his  business  and  locate  in  the  more  temper- 
ate climate.  He  was  married  in  1852,  to  Eliza- 
beth Cornett,  and  they  at  once  set  out  upon  that 
toilsome  journey  across  the  plains,  which  was 
duly  accomplislied  without  serious  inconven- 
ience.    After  his  arrival  he  purchased  a  farm  of 


General  Vallejo  in  the  Sonoma  Valley,  but  sub- 
sequently in  the  vicinity  of  Petaluina,  where  he 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  He  was  (jnite 
active  in  the  Democratic  party,  and  represented 
Sonoma  county  two  years  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature. 

Charles  F.,  the  sul>ject  of  our  sketch,  was 
educated  in  the  common  and  high  schools  of  his 
native  country.  He  then  taught  school  eighteen 
months,  and  in  1877  entered  the  law  department 
of  the  Columbian  University,  of  Washington, 
District  Columbia,  graduating  there  in  1879. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Washington  city 
in  June  of  that  year.  Returning  to  Petaluma, 
Mr.  Munday  passed  before  tlie  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Petaluma.  In  November,  1881,  he 
came  toSeattle,  without  an  acquaintance  in  the 
Northwest,  but  soon  afterward  met  William  H. 
White.  A  partnership  was  then  organized, 
which  has  continued  without  change  to  the 
present  time,  making  this  the  oldest  legal  firm 
in  the  State.  Tiiey  have  followed  a  general 
practice  in  the  State  and  Federal  Courts,  and 
have  enjoyed  an  extended  and  lucrative  patron- 
age. 

Mr.  Munday  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
in  1884,  and  served  in  the  session  of  1885-'86. 
He  was  appointed  chairman  of  a  special  com- 
mittee on  Chinese  matters,  and  memorial  bills 
were  presented  to  Congress  regarding  the  re- 
striction <j[  ('l)int'.-i-  iiniiiiui-atiiiii,  also  matters 
relatino-  tlu-ivto.  |»nrii,.-  issC.-yS  Mr.  Mun- 
day acted  as  A^>i>tant  I'nitcd  States  Attorney. 
Messrs.  White  &  Munday  passed  through  the 
fire  of  June,  1889,  but  succeeded  in  saving  their 
entire  library,  which  contain  a  valuable  collec- 
tion of  Territorial  Statutes,  now  out  of  print. 
P>y  later  additions  to  the  library  it  now  contains 
about  1,300  volumes,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
complete  in  the  city. 


-^^m^^^ 


APTAIN    ALBERT  P.    SPAULDING, 

manager  of  the  Seattle  Tug  and  Barge 
Company,  was  '^orn  in  Dixmont,  Maine, 
December  14,  1839,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Clar- 
issa (Gliddon)  Spaulding,  natives  also  of  that 
State.  Albert  P.  remained  at  home  until  1855, 
when  he  made  his  first  cruise  on  the  sea,  as  cabin 
boy  on  the  topsail  schooner,    H.  M.   Jenkens, 


G 


ni  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


bound  for  Baltimore  with  lumber.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  shipped  as  able  seaman  on  the  bark 
Peri,  of  the  West  India  service,  sailing  between 
Portland  and  Havana  three  years,  and  during 
that  time  giving  the  closest  application  to  the 
study  of  navigation  and  seamanship.  In  1859 
Mr.  Spanlding  became  mate  of  the  ship  St.  John, 
sailing  to  Havre,  France.  After  the  bombard- 
ment of  Fort  Sumter  in  1861,  our  subject  en- 
tered the  navy,  first  as  Captain  of  the  Gig,  on 
board  the  Kensington,  in  the  Western  Gulf  Squad- 
ron :  in  1862  was  transferred  as  master  mate  to 
the  dispatch  boat,  Velocity;  in  March,  1863, 
was  appointing  quartermaster  of  the  flagsliip 
Hartford;  was  at  the  taking  of  Vicksburg  and 
Fort  Hudson;  and  in  September,  1863,  resigned 
his  position  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Maine. 
In  October,  1863,  Mr.  Spaulding  re-enlisted  its 
the  First  District  of  Columbia  Cavalry,  and 
served  in  Virginia  and  Florida  under  Generals 
Butler,  Terry,  and  Grant.  The  regiment  was 
independent,  and  by  tranfers  engaged  in  fre- 
quent raids  and  many  battles.  For  meritorious 
conduct  our  subject  was  promoted  in  regular 
order  from  private  to  First  Lieutenant.  The 
regiment  originally  numbered  1,200  men,  but 
by  frequent  engagements  it  was  reduced  to  200 
men,  and,  as  these  were  transferred  to  other  de- 
partments in  the  fall  of  1864,  Lieutenant 
Spaulding  was  left  without  a  command.  He 
tendered  his  resignation,  received  his  discharge 
and  returned  to  his  home  in  Maine. 

Alter  making  one  voyage  to  Europe,  our  sub- 
ject embarked  as  mate  of  the  ship  Herald  of  the 
Morning,  landing  in  San  Francisco  in  August, 
1866,  after  a  voyage  of  132  days.  He  then  be- 
came master  of  the  schooner  Ocean  Wave,  made 
several  trips  up  the  coast,  and  then  shipped  as 
mate  of  the  bark  Scotland,  for  Puget  Sound. 
Landing  at  Port  Orchard  in  the  fall  of  1867 
he  found  occupation  about  the  mill  during  the 
winter,  the  following  year  returned  to  his  na- 
tive State  and  was  married,  and  in  1869  sailed 
as  mastej-  of  the  brig,  B.  F.  Nash,  for  Liverpool, 
held  that  position  about  ten  years,  and  visited 
the  prominent  ports  ofEurope  and  South  Amer- 
ica. In  1878  Mr.  Spaulding  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Oregon  Improvement  Company,  at 
Seattle,  where  he  remained  seven  years,  and  dur- 
ing the  last  three  years  of  that  time  held  the 
position  of  superintendent.  In  1885  he  pur- 
chased the  steamer  Bee,  on  Lake  Washington, 
which  he  operated  on  the  lake,  and  also  con- 
ducted a  small'  hotel   at    Houghton   until  1887. 


In  that  year  he  brought  his  boat  to  Elliot  Bay, 
and  engaged  in  general  jobbing  about  the 
Sound.  His  boat  was  burned  in  the  fire  of  June, 
1889,  but  he  succeeded  in  saving  the  machinery, 
which  he  put  on  a  yacht,  and  in  six  weeks  was 
again  ready  for  trade.  Mr.  Spaulding  subse- 
quently built  the  steamers  Wasp  and  Hornet, 
and  with  a  number  of  scows  conducts  a  general 
towing  and  jobbing  business,  under  the  name  of 
the  Seattle  Tug  &  Barge  Company. 

August  13,  1868,  in  Maine,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  E.  Field,  a 
native  of  Milbridge'  that  State.  They  have  four 
children:  George  C,  Mary  L  ,  Abbie  C.  and 
Albert  P.  Captain  Spaulding  has  become  promi- 
nent in  Masonry,  being  a  member  of  the  blue 
lodge,  chapter  and  commandery,  and  the  Scot- 
tish Rite,  thirty  second  degree.  United  States 
Jurisdiction.  He  is  also  treasurer  of  American 
Association  of  Steamboat  Pilots,  and  Past  Post 
Commander  of  Stevens  Post,  No.  1,  G.  A.  \l. 

•^■^■^ 

RTHUK  J.  CLARK,  of  Seattle,  AVash- 
ington,  was  born  in  London,  England,  in 
March,  1858,  of  English  parentage  and 
ancestry.  He  attended  the  schools  of  his 
native  city  until  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  be 
came  on  a  visit  to  the  United  States,  but  after- 
ward decided  to  remain  iu  this  country.  He 
was  then  employed  on  a  farm  in  !N"ew  Castle 
county,  Delaware,  although  he  had  never  before 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits;  a  few  years 
later  he  turned  his  attention  to  gardening  and 
the  culture  of  plants.  In  1877,  with  the  start- 
ing of  the  Edison  Telephone  System,  Mr.  Clark 
went  to  Philadelphia  as  their  lineman,  a  year 
later  had  charge  of  a  section  with  the  American 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  and  afterward  was 
chief  lineman  of  the  American  Rapid  Telegraph 
Company.  After  the  latter's  consolidation  with 
the  JBankers'  and  Merchants'  Company,  Mr. 
Clark  took  their  outside  sections  of  about  100 
miles,  and  with  headquarters  at  Upper  Darby 
remained  with  the  company  imtil  1882.  In 
that  year  he  found  employment  in  electrical 
work  in  Tacoma,  Washington,  but,  business  be- 
ing dull  in  that  city,  lie  shortly  afterward  en- 
gaged with  the  Victoria  and  Esquimanlt  Tele- 
phone Comjjany,  at  Victoria,  Biitish  Columbia, 
taking  a  general  supervision  of  the  lines  and  work, 
and  at  the  same  time  conducted  ageneral  electric 


niSTOIlY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


business.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he  came  to  Seat- 
tle, to  accept  the  management  of  the  Seattle  di- 
vision of  the  Sunset  Telephone  and  Telegrapli 
Company,  and  is  now  siiperintcndent  of  the 
Sec<  nd  district,  Northwestern  division.  This 
division  covers  the  business  south  of  Slaughter 
and  north  to  the  British  Columbia  line. 

Seattle  is  one  of  the  best  telephone  towns  in 
the  United  States  in  proportion  to  population, 
there  being  1,050  telephones  now  in  n.-^ein  the 
city,  and  the  central  office  makes  an  average  of 
16,000  switches  every  twenty-lour  hours.  Twen- 
ty-two girls  are  employed  in  the  central  utiice, 
and  fourteen  men  are  also  employed  in  looking 
after  the  lines,  wires  and  instruments. 

Mr.  Clark  was  married  in  Delaware,  in  1881, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Birch,  of  English  parentage.  They 
have  four  children:  Laura  A.,  Alice  C,  Edwin 
and  Irene.  Socially,  Mr.  Clark  affiliates  with 
the  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters,  being  Past 
Chief  Eanger  of  Court  Friar,  No.  7921,  and 
Deputy  High  Chief  Eanger  of  the  Higher  Court. 


COLONEL  ALBEET  WHYTE,  for  ten 
,  years  promin-ently  identilied  with  the  in- 
-^  terests  of  Steilacoom,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  February  16,  1847. 
He  comes  of  an  old  and  respected  Scottish  fam- 
ily, many  members  of  which  have  figured  con- 
spicuously in  British  and  Scottish  history.  His 
father,  John  Whyte,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1820,  and  is  a  renowned  Presbyterian  minister 
as  well  as  a  man  of  literary  fame.  "While  re 
siding  in  Canada,  his  father  acted  as  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Brockville,  Ontario,  but  is  now  re- 
tii-ed  ill  Glasgow,  Scotland.  The  mother  of 
Colonel  White,  whose  name  before  marriage 
was  Johanna  Finley,  was  born  in  Paisley,  Scot- 
land, and  came  with  her  husband  and  family  to 
Canada,  where  she  died  at  the  age  of  forty-nine, 
beloved  and  respected  by  all  who  knew  her. 
Thomas  Whyte,  an  uncle  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  a  staff  officer  in  the  British  army 
and  was  killed  at  Acre. 

Colonel  Whyte,  of  this  notice,  was  but  three 
years  and  a  half  old  when  his  parents  crossed 
the  ocean  to  Canada.  Here  he  attended  the 
conimon  and  graded  schools  until  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age.  By  this  time  the  United  States 
was  in  the  midst  of  its  great  civil  conflict,  and 
being  naturally  of  a  military  inclination,  which 


was  heightened  by  the  enthusiasm  of  youtli,  he 
determined  to  visit  the  scenes  of  the  struggles 
and  be  a  spectator  if  not  a  participant.  Accord- 
ingly, in  1864,  he  visited  some  of  the  States 
where  war  was  raging.  He  was  initiated  into 
the  unpleasant  features  of  war  by  being  taken 
prisoner  near  Cumberland,  Maryland,  on  sus- 
picion of  being  a  British  spy,  but  being  able  to 
prove  his  innocence  he  was  soon  released.  He 
then  proceeded  southward  to  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, Nashville,  Tennesse,  and  Savanah,  Geor- 
gia. Having  thus  seen  the  American  on  his 
native  heaths  and  satisfying  his  curiosity  as  to 
modern  warfare,  he  became  more  than  ever  de- 
sirous of  becoming  an  American  citizen.  He 
was  in  this  country  until  1874,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Montreal,  Canada,  and  was  there  made 
Lieutenant  in  the  Scots  Fusileers,  resigning 
from  the  I'eginient  as  captain  in  1876,  thus  re- 
alizing his  ambition  to  identify  himself  with  the 
milit;iry  service.  Not  forgetting,  however,  Ms 
defii'e  to  add  to  his  other  expei'iences  that  of 
American  citizenship,  he  came,  in  1877,  to 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  took  out 
naturalization  papers  and  at  once  became  identi- 
fied wnth  American  interests.  He  entered  the 
State  University  at  the  City  of  Brotherly  Love, 
taking  the  law  course  and  attending  a  full  se- 
ries of  lectures  on  that  great  science,  thus  emi- 
nently fitting  himself  for  his  future  positions  of 
trust  and  responsibility.  He  stumped  tlie  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  with  e.x- Attorney-General 
Lear,  for  the  independent  Eepublicans,  in  the 
memorable  campaign   of  1880. 

It  -was  through  the  instrumentality  of  his 
preceptor  in  college,  who  was  an  attorney  and 
the  leading  spirit  of  a  Virginia  railroad  com- 
pany, together  with  C.  B.  Wright,  that  gentle- 
man's friend,  that  Mr.  Whyte  was  sent,  in  1883, 
to  Washington  Territory  to  ascertain  its  re- 
soures,  etc.,  and  instructed  to  go  from  there  to 
Scotland  to  make  known  in  the  latter  country 
the  facts  secured  and  obtain  Scottish  emigra- 
tion and  capital  to  build  up  this  western  Terri- 
tory. 

Becoming  independently  interested  himself, 
in  April,  1888,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  home- 
steaded  160  acres  of  land  situated  about  four 
miles  north  of  Steilacoom,  and  by  the  expendi- 
ture of  large  capital  ami  much  energy,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  making  for  himself  a  beautiful  home, 
having  about  tvventj-tive  acres  in  choice  fruits, 
cliielly  the  Italian  prune,  for  which  Washington 
State  is  specially   adapteil.  his    own   system   of 


HISTORY    OP     WASniAGTON. 


water  works,  and  hot  and  cold  spring  water  in 
his  house;  also  fountains  ou  the  lawns,  besides 
numerous  other  cointbrts  and  conveniences 
rendered  possible  by  the  genins  and  inventions 
of  modern  times.  Although  essentially  domes- 
tic in  his  testes  and  interests,  he  is  nevertheless 
active  in  the  promotion  of  the  public  welfare, 
giving  much  of  his  time  and  thought  to  the 
good  of  the  people,  and  has,  by  his  energy  and 
industry,  intelligently  applied,  added  not  only 
to  his  own  prosperity  but  has  also  advanced  the 
condition  of  his  community  and  the  State  at 
large. 

Colonel  Whyte  spent  the  winter  and  spring 
of  1890  in  the  agricultural  districts  of  Scotland, 
organizing  emigratory  societies,  in  conjunction 
with  capital  to  aid  them,  and  is  now  preparing 
to  devote  himself  to  the  settling  of  his  adopted 
State  with  the  sturdy  agriculturists  of  his  native 
land.  After  his  return  from  Scotland  he  ac- 
cepted an  invitation  to  address  the  Tacoina  Scots 
ou  the  subject  of  "  The  Homes  and  Haunts  of 
Robert  Burns,'' the  occasion  being  the  annual 
celebration  of  the  birthday  anniversary  of  the 
fauioiis  and  much  loved  bard.  Of  Mr.  Whyte's 
addret-s,  which  was  published  in  full,  tiie  Ta- 
coma  Ledger  of  January  30,  1891,  remarks  tiiat 
it  "  was  a  masterly  effort,  and  was  listened  to 
with  marked  attention." 

He  organized  the  Tacoma  State  Guard,  of 
which  he  was  captain  for  two  years,  when  he 
was  promoted  as  Major  on  the  adjutant-gener- 
al's staff.  He  now  holds  the  ofKce  of  Assistant 
Commissary-General  of  the  State,  with  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  the  last  biennial  re- 
port of  the  Adjutant-General  for  the  State  of 
Washington,  in  referring  to  the  State  encamp- 
ment, the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  spoken  of  as 
follows:  "Lieutenant-Colonel  Alb(!rt  Whyte, 
Assistant  Commissary-General,  in  the  manage- 
ment of  his  department  was  untiring,  attentive 
and  constant  in  striving  to  please  all.  Realiz- 
ing the  importance  of  this  department  in  camp, 
he  was  ever  on  the  alert  to  supply  every  neces- 
sary article  of  food  and  to  keep  a  sufficient 
amount  on  hand.  He  is  very  popular  and  an 
efficient  officer,   a    thorough    gentleman    and   a 


)roiiiinent  lav 


■yer 


The  Colonel  was  married  to  Frances  M.  Mis- 
ner,  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  who  was  born 
June  18,  1805,  and  who  accompanied  her  pa 
rents  to  the  Pacific  coast.  The  parents,  J.  B. 
and  Frances  (McCauley)  Misner,  are  of  Scotch 
descent  and    are    now  residing  in    Steilacoom, 


where  Mrs.  Whyte's  father  is  a  general  contrac- 
tor, a  man  of  ability  and  uprightness,  and 
greatly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  hitn. 

Fraternally  Color.el  Whyte  is  a  Mason,  hav- 
ing joined  the  Royal  Albert  Lodge  in  Montreal. 
As  is  usual  with  him,  with  regard  to  every- 
thing with  which  he  is  identified,  he  takes  a 
deed  interest  in  Steilacoom  and  the  State  of 
Washington,  his  favorite  and  adopted  home, 
having  not  only  cast  liis  fortune  with  them  but 
devoted  to  their  welfare  the  best  energy  of  his 
mind  and  soul. 


llOHN  S.  BUSH,  a  member  of  one  of  the 
)^l  oldest  and  most  prominent  families  of 
'*^  Washington,  residing  near  Olympia,  is  a 
typical  son  of  the  West,  pos.-essing  all  the  vigor 
and  determination  so  characteristic  of  those 
who  have  assisted  in  building  up  great  com- 
monwealths on  the  Pacific  coast. 

He  comes  of  old  American  stock,  his  paternal 
grandfather,  George  Bush,  having  been  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1779,  while  his  paternal  grand- 
mother, whose  maiden  name  was  Isabella  James, 
was  liorn  in  Tennessee  in  1809.  This  worthy 
couple  were  married  in  Jackson  county,  Mis- 
souri, July  4,  1831,  whers  they  continued  to 
reside  for  thirteen  years.  In .  1814  George 
Bush  and  a  few  companions,  who  were  trappers 
and  hunters,  made  a  trip  on  foot  across  the 
plains  to  the  Pacific  coast,  where  then  not  even 
a  trail  could  be  found.  The  hardships  which 
they  endured  from  exposure,  hunger  and  In- 
dians, are  beyond  comprehension.  They  trav- 
ersed the  coast  from  Me.xico  as  far  north  as 
the  Columbia  river  before  returning  to  Mis- 
souri. In  1844  George  Bush  and  his  family 
started  across  the  plains,  over  which  he  had 
journeyed  so  many  years  before.  They  were 
eight  months  coming  from  Jackson  county,  Mis- 
souri, to  The  Dalles,  in  Oregon  Territory. 
They  there  rested  a  few  weeks  and  then  pro- 
ceeded in  batteaux  down  the  Columbia  river  to 
Clarke  county,  camping  at  Washougal,  not  far 
from  Vancouver,  where  they  remained  several 
months.  They  then  again  started  northward, 
coming  up  the  Cowlitz  river,  and  thence  over- 
land to  jNew  Market,  at  the  mouth  of  Des 
Chutes  river.  They  soon  afterward  settled  on  a 
donation  claim  of  640  acres,  lying  on  Bush 
prairie,    about    four    miles  from   what   i=    now 


niH'lOUT    OF    WASHII/GroN. 


known  as  Tumwater,  where  the  brave  old  pio- 
Deer  died  in  1863  and  his  widow  two  years  later, 
leaving  six  sons  to  perpetuate  their  name  and 
memory.  These  are:   W.  O.,  J.  S  ,  J.  T.,  K.    B., 

J.  J.  and  L.  N.,  of  whom  the  surviving  members 
all  reside  in  Thurston  county,  they  and  their 
grandchildren  living  on  the  old  homestead, 
which  was  pre-empted  by  their  illustrious  an- 
cestor, so  many  years  ;igo,  and  which  is  now  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  valuable  tracts  of  land 
in  the  country. 

Hon.  W.  O.  Bush,  the  oldest  of  the  sons,  and 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in 
Clay  county,  Missouri,  July  4,  1832,  and  was 
twelve  years  of  age  when  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  the  Northwest.  He  thus  early  lie- 
came  inured  to  frontier  life,  its  hardships  and 
vicissitudes,  and  developed  those  hardy  quali- 
ties of  mind  and  body  which  have  gained  for 
him  a  position  of  prominence  and  honor  among 
his  fellow-men.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  which  have  ever  since 
been  his  occupation.  He  was  married  at  the 
age  of  twenty-seven  and  afterward  bought  a 
farm  on  Mound  prairie,  in  Thurston  county, 
Washington,  where  he  resided  until  1S70,  and 
then  removed  to  a  portion  of  his  father's  dona- 
tion claim,  seven  miles  frum  Olympia,  which 
has  ever  since  been  his  home. 

Pie  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  polftics 
and  public  life,  and  served  in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture iu  1890  and  1892.  He  is  now  (1893)  in 
Chicago,  at  the  Columbian  Exposition,  where 
he  was  sent  by  his  constituents  to  take  charge  of 
the  Thurston  county  exhibit.  He  received  the 
gold  premium  at  the  Centennial  Exposition,  in 
1876,  for  the  best  and  largest  yield  of  wheat  ever 
exhibited  in  the  world.  His  certificate  can  be 
found  in  Olympia,  and  the  grain  is  now  in  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

May  26,  1859,  Hon.  W.  0.  Bush  was  married 
in  Marion  county,  Oregon,  to  Mrs.  Mandana 
Kimsey,  a  widow.  Mrs.  W.  0.  Bush  is  a  pio- 
neer, and  was  born  June  1,  1826,  in  Howard 
county,  Missouri.  Her  father,  Dr.  J.  Smith, 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and  her  mother, 
whose  name  before  marriage  was  Nancy  Scott, 
was  born  in  Virginia.  They  were  married  in 
Howard  county,  Missouri,  where  they  resided 
until  1847,  when  they  crossed  the  plains  with 
their  family  and  son-in  law.  Duff  Kimsey,  to 
whom  their  daughter,  Mandana,  was  married 
April  25,  of  that  year.  Dr.  Smith  did  not 
survive  to  complete  the  journey,  his   sorrowing 


family  burying  him  at  Green  river.  Duff  Kim- 
sey and  wife  settled  in  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
on  a  claim  of  640  acres,  where  they  resided 
about  ten  years,  when  Mr.  Kimsey  died.  Mrs. 
Kimsey  continued  to  make  that  her  home  until 
her  marriage  to  Mr.  Bush  in  1859.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bush  have  two  children:  Belle,  now  Mrs. 
Gaston;  and  John  S.  Bush,  born  November  22, 
1862,  in  Thurston  county,  Washington,  both  of 
whom  reside  on  their  grandfather's  old  home- 
stead. John  S.  Bush  is  married  to  Christina  F. 
Gaston,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  born  January 
9,  1859,  who  came  to  Olympia  in  1886.  They 
have  two  interesting  children,  who  bid  fair  to 
])erpetuate  the  legacy  of  honor  bequeathed  by 
their  grandfather,  the  noble  pioneer. 


■^^mm^^^ 


m 


ILLLVM  E.  RICHARDSON,  of  the 
tirm  of  Richardson  A:  t4alla:;liri-,  ;it- 
torneys  at  law,  Spokane,  \Va,-liiiioton, 
was  born  near  Monroe,  Lane  county,  Oregon, 
and  is  tlie  son  of  W.  C.  Richardson,  a  native  of 
Quiney,  Illinois,  and  Hester  A.  (Craig)  Rich- 
ardson, of  Aik:ni,-as.  His  father  was  one  of 
the  vuilv  M'tilris  of  Oregon,  iiaving  removed 
from   Illinois  in  1S.V2. 

Mr.  Kichardoon  was  educated  in  Christian 
College,  Monmouth,  Oregon,  now  the  State 
Normal  School  of  Oregon,  one  of  the  leading 
educational  institutions  of  the  State.  He  gi"ad- 
iiated  theie  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  after 
his  graduation  began  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  and  academies  in  Polk  county,  ( )i'egon. 
He  came  to  the  State  of  Washington  in  1>)N3, 
and  in  1885  began  reading  law  at  Spokane, 
Washington,  in  the  office  of  Hyde  &  Turner. 
While  reading  law  he  ctmtinued  teaching  school 
at  odd  times,  as  well  as  engaging  in  other  lines 
of  business. 

After  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Spokane  county,  Mr.  Richard- 
son started  at  once  to  practice,  and  when  the 
tirm  of  Crow  &  Richardson  was  organized  in 
January,  1891,  had  built  up  a  large  and  lucra- 
tive practice.  His  previous  residence  in  differ- 
ent portions  of  the  State  proved  extremely  use- 
ful to  him  in  his  business,  as  many  of  his  cases 
came  from  outside  of  Spokane  county. 

The  firm  of  Crow  &  Richardson  was  dis- 
solved in  May,  1893,  Mr.  Crow  having  retired 
from   the  firm,  when  the  firm  of  Richardson  & 


UIt,TOHY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Gallaglier  was  at  once  formed,  and  all  the  busi- 
ness of  Crow  &  Richardson  passed  into  their 
hands.  The  new  firm  continue  to  mal<e  a 
specialty  of  commereiai,  real  estate  and  probate 
law,  and  give  especial  attention  to  collections. 
Mr.  Richardson,  having  devoted  a  great  deal 
of  time  to  this  line  of  practice,  has  a  large  and 
increasing  clientage  among  holders  of  first 
mortgage  and  other  real-estate  securities,  and  is 
regarded  as  a  safe  and  i-eliable  counselor  in  all 
such  matters. 

Among  the  important  legal  propositions  that 
Mr.  Richardson  has  succeeded  in  establishing 
in  tiie  State  of  Washington  are  the  direct  lia- 
bility of  school  districts  for  material  furnished 
and  labor  performed  in  the  erection  of  school 
houses  in  certain  cases,  and  the  fact  that  the 
boards  of  county  commissioners  are  without 
authority  under  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
of  Washington  to  condemn  land  for  highway 
purposes. 

Politically,  Mr.  Richardson  is  a  Republican, 
and  was  always  a  great  admirer  of  James  G. 
Blaine.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Central  Chris- 
tian Church  of  Spokane,  and  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Odd  Fellows,  a  society  which  has, 
comparatively,  a  large  membership  in  Spokane. 

Mr.  Richardson  was  married  in  February, 
1889,  to  Miss  Viola  Miller,  then  a  resident  of 
Albany,  Oi-egoii,  but  a  native  of  Wisconsin. 

D\AVID  S.  PRESCOTT,a  highly  respected 
I  citizen  of  Spokane,  Washington,  is  a  son 
— '  of  Nathan  and  Rozilla  Prescott,  and  was 
born  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  January  11, 
1859.  His  father  was  a  prominent  cattle-raiser 
of  Minnesota,  and  was  the  first  to  introduce 
Jersey  cattle  into  that  State. 

Mr.  Prescott  was  educated  at  Northfield, 
Minnesota,  where  he  graduated  with  high  hon- 
ors in  all  the  English  branches.  He  emigrated 
to  tile  State  of  Washington  about  five  years  ago 
and  has  since  resided  here.  He  has  great  faith 
in  the  future  prosperity  of  Spokane,  on  which 
subject  he  is  enthusiastic.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  is  the  present  County  Treas- 
urer of  Spokane  county.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  First  Methodist  Church,  of  which  he  is 
Secretary;  is  also  Secretary  of  Masonic  Lodge 
Xo.  34,  in  which  organization  he  stands  high. 
Mr.  Pie?cott  is  a  gentleman   whose  character  is 


above  reproach.  By  his  kind  and  courteous 
demeanor  he  has  won  the  friendship  and  esteem 
of  all  classes  of  citizens  in  this  community. 

He  was  married,  October  15,  1881,  to  Laura 
R.  Betsworth,  an  estimable  lady  of  Le  Mars, 
Iowa.  They  have  fuur  children:  Ethel,  Ernest, 
Leslie  and  Verna. 


d I  AMES  M.  ARMSTRONG,  who  is  now 
nearing  the  close  of  his  second  term  as 
-^  Clerk  of  Spukane  county,  Washington, 
has  for  a  number  of  years  been  in  public  serv- 
ice, and  has  ever  faithfully  and  conscientiously 
discharged  the  duties  intrusted  to  him. 

Mr.  Armstrong  is  a  son  of  David  H.  and 
Letitia  (Melville)  Armstrong,  and  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1844.  In  1856  he  went  to 
low  ■,  and  in  that  State  received  a  high-school 
education.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered 
the  army  as  a  member  of  the  Thirteenth  Iowa 
Infantry,  was  in  the  campaigns  of  the  West 
under  Grant  and  Sherman.  At  the  battle  of 
Peach  Tree  Creek  he  lost  a  leg.  This  was  July 
21,  1864.  In  July  of  the  following  year  he 
was  honorably  discharged  and  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  In  1867  he  went 
to  Washington,  entered  Columbia  Law  College 
in  1868,  and  graduated  there  in  1871. 

In  July,  1872,  Mr.  Armstrong  was  appointed 
first-class  clerk  in  the  General  Land  Ofiice, 
wiiere  his  marked  ability  and  close  attention  to 
business  soon  won  him  promotion.  He  passed 
through  the  various  grades  until  he  w-as  Chief 
of  the  Private  Land  Claim  Department,  and 
acted  as  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Ofiice  in  1878-'79  and  the  early  part  of  1880. 
In  April,  1880,  he  was  appointed  Register  of 
the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Colfax,  Wash- 
ington, and  remained  in  charge  of  the  same  un- 
til August,  1885.  Under  instructions  from  the 
President  in  September,  1883,  he — with  his 
colleague,  John  L.  Wilson,  receiver — moved  the 
ofiice  from  Colfax  to  Spokane.  In  September 
of  the  following  year  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republican  Convention,  held  at  Seattle,  as  a 
delegate  to  Congress.  On  account,  however,  of 
a  disaffection  in  the  party  in  regard  to  railroad 
lands  and  grants,  he  was  defeated  by  a  very 
small  vote.  In  August,  1885,  he  was  suspended 
from  the  land  office  by  President  Cleveland  on 
account  of  partisanship,  he  being  the  first  Fed- 


niSTOHY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


cral  officer  in  the  State  to  be  sacrificed  on  po- 
litical jirounds.  He  practiced  before  tiie  United 
States '  Land  Office  from  1884  to  1889,  and 
October  1,  1889,  was  elected  County  Clerk  of 
Spokane  county,  and,  as  stated  in  the  beginning 
of  this  sketch,  is  uearing  the  close  of  his  sec- 
ond term.  At  the  last  Republican  convention 
he  was  nominated  by  acclamation  for  the  office 
of  County  Auditor. 


'O  OBERT  E.  STEWART,  M.  D.,  was  born 
ITY.    near  Black  Hawk,  Colorado,  January  10, 
j\    ^  18H2,  a  son  of  Elijah  S.  and  Isabella  N. 
V  (Flack)    Stewart,    natives  of    Ohio;    the 

father  was  born  in  Columbiana  county,  and  the 
niotiier  in  Holmes  county;  both  were  of  Scotch 
descent,  their  first  ancestors  in  this  country  hav- 
ing made  settlements  in  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and  finally  be- 
came a  contractor;  lie  went  to  Colorado  in  1859, 
and  remained  there  until  1863,  at  which  time  he 
was  made  foreman  in  the  office  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  News,  Denver,  and  there  bound  tlie 
fii-stcopyof  the  "Territorial  Laws  of  Colorado." 
He  went  from  Denver  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
in  1864,  and  was  foreman  in  the  office  of  the 
Times.  Later  he  was  located  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  and  other  cities 
of  the  Mississippi  valley,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  contracting  and  buildiuir.  In  1873  he  re- 
moved witli  his  family  to  Ohio,  locating  in  the 
north  central  part  of  the  State;  in  1885  he  again 
went  to  Cincinnati,  and  afterwards  to  Jfewport, 
Kentucky,  where  he  died  in  1888;  .his  widow 
still  resides  in  that  city.  Robert  E.,  son  of  the 
above,  began  his  preparation  furrnlk'K,-  in  the  se- 
lect school  at  Fredericksburg,  ( )hio,;wi(l  aftcrw.ud 
entered  Oberlin  College.  Receixing  rhe  nppoiiit- 
ment  to  West  Foint  by  the  Hon.  Gcdrge  W. 
Ge.ides,  he  entered  the  National  Military  Acad- 
emy in  1883.  On  account  of  failing  health  he 
was  compelled  to  resign  his  cadetship  in  July, 
1884;  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Ohio,  and  as 
soon  as  his  health  began  to  improve  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under  the  precep- 
torship  of  R.  P.  Loller,  M.  D.,  at  Hohnesville, 
Ohio.  At  the  end  of  six  months  he  entered 
the  Ohio  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  and  was 
graduated  in   March,  1888. 

At  the  beginning  of  his  career  as  practitioner 
he  opened  an  office  in  NeA'port,  Kentucky,  but 
failing  health   again  subverted  his  plans,  and  he 


sought  the  salubrious  clime  of  Colorado,  arriv- 
ing in  tliat  State  in  June,  1888;  there  he  re- 
mained xintil  April,  1889,  when  he  went  to 
AVyoming.  In  August  of  the  same  year  he 
made  a  trip  to  Montana,  and  in  October  follow- 
ing began  an  extended  tour  of  Idaho.  This 
journey  ended  in  Spokane,  Wa-hington,  in  No- 
vember. 

Coming  to  Goldendale  on  a  visit  he  made  this 
his  headquarters  for  the  winter,  and  traveled 
from  this  point  about  Puget  Sound,  returning  to 
Guldendale  in  May,  1890.  Here  he  resumed 
the  ])ractice  of  his  profession,  in  connection  with 
wiiich  he  give-  con.-idi'rable  attention  to  scieu- 
tilii-  resi':u-<'h  in  (ithiM-  lines.  He  is  an  enthusi- 
astic student  of  the  life  and  habits  of  the  ]!^orth 
American  Indiati,  and  has  acquired  a  vast  fund 
of  information  upon  this  subject. 

Dr.  Stewart  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Washington  National  Guard,  and  in  1890  was 
made  Quartermaster  of  Company  B,  Second 
Regiment.  During  the  encampmenc  at  Tacoma 
he  was  chosen  Quartei-niaster-Sergeant,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  encampment  was  made  Sergeint- 
Major  of  the  regiment,  which  rank  he-still  holds. 
He  is  a  member  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  37, 
Knights  of  Pythias.  The  Doctor's  professional 
and  scientific  researches  do  not  absorlj  his  entire 
attention;  the  affaiivs  of  pultlic  government  are 
also  a  subject  of  serious  study,  as  they  should 
be  with  every  citizen  of  the  Republic.  In  April, 
1893,  Dr.  Stewart  was  elected  Mayor  of  Golden- 
dale,  and  his  administration  will  doubless  be 
characterized  by  the  fearless,  faithful  discharge 
of  the  duties  lie  has  assumed. 


AJOR  SELDEN  HETZEL,a  prominent 
law  practitioner  of  Vancouver,  isa  mem- 
ber of  one  of  the  (ildc-l  and  iiir),,t  infiu- 
ential  families  of  New  Ivi^liiid.  and  of 
the  nintli  generation,  descendtd  from  the  original 
ancestors  on  this  continent.  The  Hetzel  family 
were  originally  from  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
and  located  in  America  as  early  as  1732.  The 
Selden's  history  is  traceable  back  to  1686.  The 
father  of  onr  subject,  A.  Riviell  Hetzel,  was 
born  in  the  <ilil  Kevsfone  State,  and  at  the  time 
(.)!  his  ili'.ith.  in  1S47,  was  Chief  Quartermaster 
in  General  Sci.itt's  army  in  Mexico.  The  mother 
is  now  a  resident  of  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  where  she  is  Secretary  of  the  Mary 
Washington   Memorial  Association. 


UIHTOUT    OF    WAl<HINGTON. 


Major  S.  Hetze],  the  subject  of  ibis  sketch, 
was  horn  in  New  PIa\en,  Connecticut,  January 
1,  1837,  was  reared  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
and  completed  his  education  at  West  Point,  in 
1858.  He  then  studied  law  with  his  maternal 
uncle,  Chief- Justice  Samuel  L.  Selden,  was  duly 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860,  and  the  same  year 
began  practice  in  Colorado.  In  the  following 
year  he  returned  to  the  East,  to  join  the  Fed- 
deral  forces,  which  he  did,  and  received  a  Ma- 
jor's commission  in  the  Seventy-seventh  New 
York  Regiment.  Major  lletzel  served  with 
distinction  until  1802,  when  he  resigned  his 
position,  and  again  took  up  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  From  1866  to  1877  he  followed 
his  profession  in  Nevada,  went  thence  to  Bodie, 
California,  later  to  San  Jose,  and  in  1886, 
through  President  Cleveland,  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  Register  at  the  Land  Office  of 
Sacramento.  Since  1890  he  has  been  success- 
fully and  actively  engaged  in  his  profession 
in  Vancouver.  Politically,  the  Major  is  allied 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  during  the  last 
campaign  stumped  the  State  for  Cleveland.  As 
a  public  speaker  he  is  a  man  of  great  force  and 
rare  executive  ability. 

Major  Hetzel  was  married  in  California,  Oc- 
tober 18,  1874,  to  Miss  Lenah  Dilley,  a  native 
of  Indiana. 


rlilTZ  BROWN,  one  of  the  well-known 
and  respected  citizens  of  Washougal,  was 
-^  born  in  Germany,  April,  4,  1828,  a  son  of 
John  P.  and  Margaret  Brown.  Fritz,  theyoung- 
est  of  seven  children — four  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters— was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  painter's 
trade  alter  completing  his  education,  and  for 
many  years  followed  the  various  bi-aiiches  of  the 
business,  sign  work  and  ornamental  paper  hang- 
ing having  been  his  specialties.  In  1847  he 
came  to  America,  and  for  the  following  nine- 
teen years,  was  engaged  as  a  jourTieyman  in 
New  York.  In  1870,  via  the  Panama  route,  Mr. 
Brown  removed  to  California,  but,  after  follow- 
ing his  trade  in  San  Francisco  four  years,  he 
located  in  Portland,  Oregon,  and  in  1880  came 
to  Washougal,  Clarke  county,  Washington.  He 
foon  afterward  erected  the  Brown  Hotel,  better 
known  as  the  Washougal  Park  Hotel,  which 
contains  a  band  stand,  pavilion,  and  numerous 
grottos  and  arbors  for  the  entertainment  of  vis- 


itors and  pleasure-seekers  during  the  summer 
season.  The  grounds  surrounding  the  hotel 
contain  beautiful  shade  and  ornamental  trees, 
and  this  is  one  of  the  most  inviting  retreats  in 
this  section  of  the  State.  Mr.  Brown  conducted 
this  well-known  resort  from  the  time  of  incep- 
tion until  recently,  when  he  rented  it  to  Rudolph 
Surber,  the  present  proprietor.  In  addition  to 
controlling  the  above  property,  Mr.  Brown  is 
also  engaged  in  fruit  culture,  owns  the  wharf 
and  warehouse  at  the  steamer  landing,  is  a  real- 
estate  dealer  and  Notary  Public,  was  Constable 
of  township  No.  2  for  a  period  of  sixteen  jears, 
and  is  well  and  favorably  known  throughout  the 
community  as  a  worthy  and  progressive  citizen. 
Mr.  Brown  was  married  in  New  York,  but 
his  wife  died  Decetnber  11,  1891,  leaving  two 
children:  Frankie  and  Fritz.  In  political  mat- 
ters, our  subject  is  an  active  and  progressive 
Democrat.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  school 
and  all  other  public  work  pertaining  to  the  wel- 
fare and  development  of  Clarke  county. 


5 onus  &  NORVAL,  wholesale  and  re- 
tail dealers  in  general  merchandise  at 
Vancouver.  This  business  has  been  es- 
tablished in  Vancouver  for  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  and  has  a  reputation  second  to 
none  in  the  State  of  Washington.  They  carry  a 
large  and  well-selected  stock  of  gener.tl  mer- 
chandise, consisting  of  groceries,  dry  goods, 
clothing,  hardware,  etc.  The  enterprise  was  first 
founded  by  Sohus  &  Schule,  who  conducted  the 
the  same  many  years,  but  about  tour  years  ago 
Mr.  Schule  disposed  of  his  interest,  and  since 
July  1,  1892,  the  business  has  been  conducted 
under  the  style  of  Sohus  &  Norval. 

Louis  R.  Sohus,  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm,  was  born  in  Vancouver,  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  October  3,  1858,  a  son  of  Hon. 
Louis  and  Tirza  (Schule)  Sohus.  The  father 
was  born  in  Beerfelt,  Germany,  April  29,  1827, 
was  reared  and  educated  in  the  land  of  his  birth, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1850.  Two  years 
later  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  via  I'anama 
route.  In  the  early  '50s  he  was  connected  with 
the  Fnited  States  Army,  later  conducted  a  print- 
ing establishment  in  Vancouver  until  1866,  and 
in  that  year  embarked  in  a  general  mercantile 
trade,  which  he  continued  many  years.  As  ii 
prominent  and   progressive  citizen,  the  city  of 


in  STORY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


Vancouver,  anil  Clarke  comity  generally,  is  in- 
debted to  this  ccentlemaii.  He  was  virtually  the 
organizer  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  this 
city, and  to  hitn  is  due  the  honor  of  settling  the 
differences  between  the  Catholic  mission  and 
citizens  of  Vancouver  during  his  incumbency 
in  the  civic  chair.  His  name  is  associated  with 
nearly  all  public  enterprises  of  the  city,  and 
among  them  may  he  mentioned  the  Vancouver, 
Yakiina&  Klickitat  Railroad, the  Michigan  Lum- 
ber Company,  and  many  other  enterprises  of 
great  importance.  From  a  financial  standpoint 
he  has  been  very  successful  in  business  life,  but 
is  now  retired  from  active  work.  Mr.  Sohus 
has  represented  Clarke  county  in  the  Legislature, 
and  has  also  served  in  the  more  humble  walks  of 
public  lite.  He  has  aided  in  pi-onioting  the  in- 
terest of  the  community,  has  striveii  to  antici- 
pate their  wants,  and  lal)ored  incessantly  to  add 
beauty  to  Ins  surroundings.  In  public  as  in 
private  life,  his  chief  aim  has  been  to  act  hon- 
estly and  according  to  his  best  convictions. 

Louis  R.  Sohus,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Vancouver,  and 
also  graduated  at  McClure's  Academy,  at  Oak- 
land, California,  with  the  class  of  1879.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  in  this  city._  In  addition  to  his  other 
interests,  he  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Columbia 
Land  &  Improvement  Company  of  Vancouver. 
Socially,  he  attiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  has 
passed  all  the  official  chairs  in  the  blue  lodge, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  chapter  and  com- 
mandery.  Knights  Templar.  Mr.  Sohus  has  also 
served  as  Chancellor  of  the  K.  of  P. 


\[\  EKRY  C.  LIESER,  one  of  the  prominent 
jpl  and  influential  farmers  of  Clarke  county, 
I  11  was  born  in  Franklin,  Wisconsin,  August 
^/  21,  1848,  a  son  of  Louis  and  Eliza  (Hol- 
lingsworth)  Lieser,  the  former  a  native  of  Ger 
many  and  the  latter  of  the  State  of  Iowa.  The 
mother  died  in  1855. 

Henry  C,  the  third  in  a  family  of  five  chil- 
dren, crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  with  his  par- 
ents in  1850,  locating  in  Clarke  county,  Wash- 
ington." He  followed  teaching  many  years  in 
Washington  and  Yarn  Hill  counties,  Oregon,  also 
in  Vancouver,  Washington.  In  1874  he  be- 
came a  law  student  in  the  otlice  of  Thoihas 
Tongue,  of  Hillsborough,  although  hehad  madea 


special  study  of  law  for  many  years  prior  to  that 
time,  and  in  1881  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
Mr.  Lieser  opened  an  office  in  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington, in  the  same  year,  but  soon  afterward 
abandoned  the  legal  profession  and  is  now  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits.  His  farm  con- 
sists of  110  acres,  located  four  miles  east  of 
Vancouver,  fifty  acres  of  which  is  under  a  fine 
state  of  cultivation,  and  twenty  acres  of  which 
is  devoted  to  an  oi'cbard.  His  I'esidence  is  lo- 
cated on  a  high  and  picturesque  point,  overlook- 
ing the  broad  waters  of  the  Columbia  river. 

Mr.  Lieser  was  mariied  in  Oregon,  April  9, 
1876,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Hay,  a  native  of  that 
State,  and  a  daughter  of  Valentine  Hay,  a  pio- 
neer of  1850,  but  now  deceased.  Onr  subject 
and  wife  have  seven  children:  May,  Miles,  Her- 
bert, Clyde,  Leah,  Ralph  and  Jessie.  Mr.  Lie- 
ser belongs  to  no  secret  societies,  and  is  a  stanch 
advocate  of  Republican  principles,  although  he 
takes  no  active  j^art  in   p<->litical  matters. 


EORGE  E.  CLEVELAND,  manager  for 
the  State  of  Washington  of  the  Home 
Life  Insurance  Company,  New  York,  is  a 
native  of  Michigan,  born  at  Spring  Lake, 
December  16,  1862.  His  parents  are  Henry 
W.  and  Phoebe  (Parham)  Cleveland,  the  former 
being  a  druggist  and  a  native  of  Jefferson 
county.  New  York,  and  the  latter  a  native  of 
xidams  county,  same  State. 

George  E.  was  reared  at  his  native  place, 
receiving  the  benefit  of  good  educational 
advantages.  He  received  his  primary  and 
academic  education  in  the  graded  schools  at 
Spring  Lake,  which  was  supplemented  by  a 
commercial  business  course  at  Nunica  high 
school,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1880.  For  the 
three  years  following  he  was  employed  in  the 
drug  business  as  bead  clerk  for  his  uncle  at 
Spring   Lake. 

Ill  1883  he  went  to  Detroit,  where  he  first 
began  his  connection  with  the  Home  Life  In- 
surance Company,  with  whose  interests  he  has 
since  been  identified.  His  field  of  operation 
was  in  the  city  of  Detroit  and  State  of  Michi- 
gan until  1890,  when  he  came  to  this  coast. 
During  the  three  years  which  preceded  his  com- 
ing West  he'  was  superintendent  of  agencies  for 
the  State  of  Michigan,  and  his  change  of 
location  was  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


business  of  the  company  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, he  having  the  management  of  the 
company's  interest  in  this  State.  It  was  July 
19,  1890,  that  he  opened  liis  offices  in  the 
Washington  building  on  Pacific  avenue,  and 
here  he  lias  since  continued,  his  being  the  first 
State  agency  in  Washington  with  l:eadquarters 
in  Tacoma.  His  efforts  to  obtain  a  foothold 
for  his  company  in  this  State  have  been  very 
successful,  the  volume  of  bnsiness  done  sliowing 
a  constant  increase. 

Mr.  Clevela.nd  is  a  prominent  Mason.  He  is 
a  member  of  Spring  Lake  Lodge,  No.  234,  F. 
&  A.  M.,  Michigan;  Tacoma  Chapter,  No.  4, 
E.  A.  M.;  Tacoma  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  9; 
Tacoma  Chapter  of  Knights  Eose  Croi.x,  No.  6; 
Tacoma  Council  of  Knights  Kadosh,  No.  4;  A. 
&  A.  S.  R. ;  was  made  a  thirty-second-degree 
Mason,  June  12,  1890,  by  Michigan  Sovereign 
Consistoi-y,  S.  P.  R.  S.,  Detroit;  was  made  a 
Noble  of  the  Mystic  Shrine  in  Moslem  Teir.ple. 
A.  A.  O.  N.  M.  S.,  Detroit.  June  12,  1890;  and 
affiliated  with  Afifi  Temple,  Tacoma,  later  in 
the  same  year;  was  the  Director  of  Afifi  Temple 
in  1892  and  1893;  and  is  a  member  of  Fern 
Chapter,  No.  7,  O.  E.  S.,  Tacoma.  Politically, 
he  is  a  Republican. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  one 
of  the  enterprising  young  business  men  of 
Tacoma. 

jlLLIAM  J.  GRAMPS,  of  Seattle, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Honesdale, 
^  Pennsylvania,  April  11,  1862,  a  son  of 
Lorenzo  and  Margaret  (Gnnthry)  Grambs,  na- 
tives also  of  that  State.  William  J.  attended 
the  schools  of  his  native  city  until  fourteen 
years  of  age,  and  then  entered  a  competitive 
examination  for  entrance  at  the  LTnited  States 
Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  was  the  success- 
ful candidate,  and  duly  appointed.  After  four 
years  in  that  city  he  ^.radnated  as  midshipman, 
immediately  sailed  on  the  United  States  ship, 
Hartford,  which  was  given  a  roving  commis- 
sion, visited  many  of  the  principal  ports  of  the 
world,  and  served  as  flag-ship  of  the  Pacific 
Squadron  eighteen  months.  About  1884  Con- 
gress reduced  the  navy,  and  provided  for  the 
retention  of  but  ten  men  from,  each  class. 
Mr.  Grambs  then  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge, with  an  allowance  of  one  year's  sea  pay, 
and    at   once   accepted   an   appointment  on   the 


United  States  Geological  Survey.  He  spent  two 
years  in  Massachnsetts,  in  charge  of  a  survey- 
ing party,  making  a  contour  map  of  the  State. 
In  the  spring  of  1887  our  subject  resigned  his 
commission,  and,  having  received  a  practical 
knowledge  of  electricity  while  at  Annapolis, 
decided  to  enter  the  electric  field  of  labor.  He 
accordingly  secured  the  agency  of  the  Edison 
United  Manufacturing  Company  for  the  North- 
west, embracing  the  States  of  Idaho,  Oregon 
and  British  Columbia,  with  headquarters  at 
Seattle.  Arriving  in  this  city,  Mr.  Grambs 
entered  into  paitnership  with  S.  Z.  Mitchell  and 
F.  H.  Sparling,  both  graduates  at  Annapolis, 
and  formed  the  firm  of  Mitchell,  Sparling  & 
Co.,  Mr.  Sparling  i-etiring  wfter  about  one  year. 
Seattle  was  the  first  city  in  the  Northwest  to 
adopt  electricity  for  lighting  purposes,  and  in 
1887  the  above  company  installed  the  first 
Edison  incandescent  and  the  municipal  dynamos 
for  the  Seattle  Electric  Light  Company,  for 
street  and  commercial  lighting — these  being  the 
first  machines  of  that  cliai'acter  in  use  west  of 
of  the  Mississippi  river.  In  1888  Messrs. 
Mitchell  and  Gramiis  incorporated  the  North- 
west Electric  Supply  &  Construction  Company, 
witli  Mr.  Mitchell  as  president,  and  Mr.  Grambs 
as  secretary.  They  installed  in  Tacoma  the 
first  electric  street  railroad  in  the  Northwest, 
and  sold  a  large  part  of  the  electrical  apparatus 
used  in  the  Northwest.  In  1890  they  sold  out 
to  the  Edison  General  Electric  Company,  and 
Mr.  Grambs  was  retained  by  them  as  manager 
of  the  Pnget  Sound  district.  In  July,  1892, 
this  company  consolidated  w-ith  the  Northwest 
Thompson-Houston  Electric  Company,  under 
the  name  of  the  Northwest  General  Electric 
Company,  our  subject  still  continuing  as  mana- 
ger at  Seattle. 

In  Tacoma,  in  December,  1892,  Mr.  Grambs 
was  married  to  Miss  Blanche  L.  Kesler,  a  native 
of  Honesdale,  Pennsylvania.  They  have  one 
child,  Harold  Willis.  Our  subject  is  a  stock- 
holder in  the  Washington  Water  Power 
C(anpany,  of  Spokane,  which  is  the  outgrowth 
of  the  Spokane  Electric  Light  Compan}-,  and 
which  he  was  assisted  in  organiziog  in  1887. 
This  company  now  controls  the  electric  and 
w'ater  power  of  the  city.  He  is  a  stockholder 
in  the  electric  plants  at  Port  Townsend,  Snoho- 
mi^h,  Pendleton,  and  La  Grande,  also  a  number 
of  smaller  organizations;  is  secretary  of  Albert 
Brown  Brewing  Association;  was  one  of  the 
incorporatoivs    and     a    director    of    the    Seattle 


UlSTOUY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


Brewing  &,  Malting  Co.,  with  a  capital  of 
$1,000,000,  a  consolidation  of  the  leading  brew- 
eries of  the  city;  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Northwest  Fixture  &  Electric  Company,  in 
December,  1892;  and  also  holds  valuable  landed 
interests  throughout  the  State  of  Washington. 
Mr.  Grumbs  is  a  member  of  no  fraternal  order, 
and  takes  little  interest  in  politics,  but  is 
thoroughly  in  sympathy  with  that  spirit  of 
enterprise  which  has  been  so  signiticant  in  the 
development  of  Seattle  and  Northwest. 


Tfjf  III  AM  NELSON,  one  of  the  pioneers 
fpl  and  business  men  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
J  41  ington,  was  born  in  Stark  county,  Ohio, 
•f/  August  26,  1836.     His  father,  William 

Nelson,  wa;  a  nativ^e  of  Pennsylvania  and  mar- 
ried Rebecca  Stands,  who  was  a  native  of  Ohio. 
Mr.  Nelson  was  a  farmer  and  came  to  Ohio 
v.^hen  a  yoiing  man,  thence  moved  to  Indiana, 
where  he  lived  until  1872.  In  May,  of  that 
year,  he  met  a  violent  death,  being  taken  from 
his  house  and  muidered  by  some  unknown  per- 
sons, his  lifeless  body  bei.ig  left  on  a  pile  of 
lumber.  It  was  all  very  mysterious  and  tiie 
guilty  person  has  never  been  discovered, nor  has 
any  cause  for  such  a  dastardly  crime  ever  be- 
come known.  He  was  sixty-one  years  of  age. 
In  the  following  October  his  wife  died,  at  the 
age  of  tifty-tive  years.  They  had  been  the  pa- 
rents of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  yet 
living. 

Onr  sul)ject  was  the  second  ciiild  born  into 
the  family.  As  he  grew  to  manhood  he  became 
ambitious  and  in  the  spring  of  1857  he  started 
fui-  the  Golden  State,  by  way  of  the  Isthmus, 
landing  in  San  Francisco  in  due  time,  after 
which  as  soon  as  possible  he  proceeded  to  the 
linreka  mines.  Here  he  remained  far  four 
years,  making  considerable  money  in  this  time, 
but  losing  tiie  major  portion  by  entrusting  it  to 
others.  In  1861,  he  sought  a  new  field  of  labor; 
came  to  Walla  Walla  county  and  here  bought 
land  on  Dry  creek,  six  miles  north  of  the  city. 
Leaving  his  family  here,  he  went  to  the  Oro 
Fino  mines  in  Idaho,  and  until  1879  he  engaged 
in  mining  there  through  the  summers  and 
worked  at  home  during  the  winters,  thus  making 
a  great  deal  of  money. 

Mr.  Nelson  now  owns  800  acres  of  fine  farm- 
ing land  oil  Dry  creek,  and  here  has  a  fine  resi- 


dence and  well  improved  farm.  He  has  worked 
assiduously  to  obtain  his  present  comfortable  po- 
sition, and  in  1891  he  decided  to  take  life  a  little 
easier  and  rented  his  farm.  He  then  removed 
to  the  city  of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  engaged 
in  a  grain  and  general  commission  business. 

Our  subject  was  married,  March  4,  1866,  to 
Miss  Sarah  A.  Mclnroe,  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  they  have  had  five  children,  as  follows: 
William  T.,  residing  in  Lincoln  county;  James 
E.,  at  home;  Addie,  wife  of  F.  E.  Smith,  resides 
six  miles  nortii  of  Walla  Walla;  Clark  S.,  at 
home;  and  Herman  G.,  also  at  home.  Our  sub- 
ject is  not  of  a  temperament  to  find  pleasure  in 
idleness;  hence  he  attends  to  his  present  l)usines8 
merely  as  an  occupation,  as  he  has  abundant 
means  and  need  have  no  care  for  the  future. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  believing  that 
the  principles  of  that  party  are  the  best  for  the 
government  of  a  great  country  like  our  own. 


T[T[ON.  JAMES  M.  CORNWELL,  an  early 
rpl|    pioneer  of  the  Pacific  coast  and  one  of 
J     ll    the    present    substantial   men    of  Walia 
if'  Walla  county,  is  the  subject  of  the  fol- 

lowing sketch.  He  was  born  in  Orange  county, 
Indiana,  August  7,  1834,  but  iiis  father,  Clay- 
ton Cornwell,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  When 
a  young  man  the  hitter  went  to  Indiana  and 
settled  in  Orange  county  and  there  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Moyer,  a  native  of  North  Carolina. 
About  1846  they  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he 
followed  the  trade  of  hatter  and  lived  there  un- 
til his  death,  in  1878,  at  the  age  of  seventy 
year.s,  his  wife  having  passed  away  many  years 
before -in  1849. 

Our  subject  was  the  third  child  in  tht  family 
and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  Illinois.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  de- 
sired to  make  his  way  to  Oregon,  his  mind  hav- 
ing been  attracted  in  that  direction  by  much 
reading.  Accordingly,  he  and  his  elder  brother 
Francis  collected  sntiicient  means  and  prepared 
for  the  long  Journey.  The  contribution  which 
our  subject  could  make  to  the  common  purse 
was  but  two  dollars  in  money,  but  he  had  a  new 
suit  of  clothes  and  plenty  of  pluck  and  courage, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1852  the  two  started.  They 
fortunately  were  able  to  make  an  arrangement 
with  an  emigrant  train    from   Ohio,    by   which 


Ill  STOUT    OF    WA8UINGT0N. 


tbey  were  to  receive  their  passage  across  the 
plains  for  their  services  in  driving  the  oxen  and 
assisting  in  a  general  way. 

The  long  hioked  for  morning  of  the  10th  of 
April,  1852,  came  and  the  brothers  said  a  long 
farewell  to  friends  and  kind  and  interested 
neighbors  and  started,  reaching  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, October  7,  of  the  same  year.  By  miracles 
of  economy  the  means  of  our  subject  had  lield 
out  and  he  still  had  twenty-five  cents  left,  and 
very  soon  the  two  brothers  found  work  by  the 
day  nine  miles  west  of  the  city  uf  Portland. 
They  thus  worked  for  a  time  and  then  entered 
into  a  contract  to  make  rails  by  the  hundred, 
which  occupation  they  followed  for  the  first  year. 
Then  our  subject  took  up  a  claim  of  160  acres, 
commencing  to  improve  it  immediately,  and 
living  on  it  one  year,  when  he  married.  His 
wife  had  also  taken  up  a  claim  and  thus  between 
them  they  had  320  acres,  which  they  afterward 
disposed  of.  Mrs.  Corn  well  died  two  years  after 
her  marriage.  In  1861  Mr.  Cornwell  purchased 
160  acres  five  miles  north  of  the  city,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  then  sold  and  went  four 
ujiles  east  at  the  foot  of  the  hills,  where  he  pur- 
chased 120  acres  and  began  making  ibr  himself 
a  home.  Here  he  worked  and  saved  until  he 
now  owns  1,500  acres  of  fine  land,  eight  miles 
northeast  of  "Walla  "Walla,  on  Dry  creek,  where 
he  lived  for  many  years,  until  he  concluded  to 
retire  from  farm  life. 

Mr.  Cornwell  then  purchased  a  plat  of  ground 
about  200  feet  square  on  the  coi'ner  of  Sumach 
and  Touchet  streets,  in  Walla  Walla,  and  there 
erected  a  fine  residence,  at  a  cost  of  $4,000.  He 
was  married  in  1860  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Stott,  an 
accomplished  lady,  a  danfi;hter  of  Thomas  and 
Nancy  Stott,  now  of  "Walla  "Walla.  She  was 
born  in  Indiana  and  crossed  the  jjlains  in  1851 
when  a  small  girl  and  came  to  Oregon.  Her 
parents  are  now  living  at  "Walla  Walla,  at  the 
age  of  fifty-seven  years. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cornwell  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren born  to  them  as  follows:  Laura,  the  wife 
of  Cassins  Robinson,  of  "Walla  "Walla;  Oliver 
T.  resides  in  the  city  of  "Walla  Walla;  Charles 
is  attending  school  in  Ohio;  Nancy  is  the  wife 
of  A.  M.  Cation,  of  this  city;  Arthur  is  farming 
in  the  locality  of  Dry  creek;  Minnie  is  in  Cali- 
fornia; and  Raleigh  is  at  home  with  his  father. 

Although  Mr.  Cornwell  has  been  an  indus- 
trious man  he  started  at  the  ground  floor,  as  it 
were,  and  when  a  boy  in  years  hefouud  himself 
2,000  miles  from  home  with  bnt  twenty-five  cents 


in  his  pocket;  he  did  not  get  discouraged  but 
bravely  went  to  work.  He  has  been  encouraged 
and  assisted  in  all  of  his  labor  by  his  faithful 
wife,  who  married  him  when  he  was  still  puor. 
In  1889  our  subject  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  the  first  that  ever  convened,  and  so 
efficiently  did  he  serve  his  constituents  that  he 
was  returned  in  1890.  Since  the  organization 
of  the  party  he  has  been  a  Republican. 


-^'^^^^-^ 


^'^^^^ 


loSEPH  M.TAYLOR,  Professor  of  Math- 
h-\\  ematies  and  Astronomy  at  the  State 
'Sr-'  University  of  Washington,  was  born  in 
Waterford,  Ohio,  June  3,  1854,  a  son  of  Joseph 
and  Diana  (Sherman)  Taylor,  natives  also  of  that 
State.  The  paternal  ancestors  settled  in  Mary- 
land in  an  early  day.  On  his  mother's  side  our 
subject  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Roger  Sher- 
man, of  Massachusetts.  Joseph  Taylor  followed 
boat-building  on  the  Muskingum  river,  and  also 
a  general  carpenter  business. 

Joseph  M.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  preparatory  education  in  ilic  high 
schools  of  Stockport  and  Malta,  assisting  in  his 
material  support  by  teaching  school  a  part  of 
each  year,  and  during  his  vacations  would  as- 
sist his  father  in  boat-building  or  carpenter 
work.  In  1874  he  entered  Adi'ian  College, 
Michigan,  ibr  a  special  course  of  ^tudy  in  math- 
ematics, Latin  and  German,  but  did  not 
graduate,  although  he  subsequently  received  the 
degree  of  Master  of  Science  from  the  same  in- 
stitution. Mr.  Taylor  then  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  Ohio  until  1878,  the  following  year 
served  as  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Latin 
in  the  Southeastern  Ohio  Normal,  and  in  1879 
took  up  his  residence  in  Oregon.  He  began 
work  in  that  State  in  a  shingle  and  planing  mill 
at  Milton,  LTniatilla  county,  and  in  1889  drove 
from  Walla  Walla  to  Kelton,  Utah,  on  the  line 
of  the  Union  Pacific,  to  meet  his  wife  and 
family.  Mr.  Taylor  then  located  at  Milton,  as 
principal  of  the  public  schools,  but  in  1882 
accepted  the  position  of  principal  of  the  Cen- 
terville  public  schools.  At  the  organization  of 
the  Eastern  Oregon  State  Normal,  at  Weston, 
that  State,  our  subject  was  chosen  principal, 
which  position  he  held  one  year.  During  all 
these  years  of  teaching  Mr.  Taylor  has  also  been 
actively  connected  with  institute  work  under 
State    Superintendents  L.  J.  Powell  and  E.  B. 


UIST0R7    OF     WASHINGTON. 


McElroy,  and  by  the  latter  was  given  a  life 
diploma  as  an  instrnctor  in  the  State.  In  July, 
1885,  ho  was  invited  by  SuperintenJent  Cox,  of 
rierce  county,  Washington,  to  conduct  a  two- 
weeks  institute  in  that  county,  and  while  there, 
was  called  upon  by  L.  J.  Powell,  President  of 
the  Territorial  University,  and  offered  a  position 
ill  that  institution.  This  was  accepted  by  Prof. 
Taylor,  and  in  August,  1885,  he  removed  to 
Seattle.  His  first  duties  were  as  Principal  of 
the  Normal  department,  and  in  addition  he  was 
given  higher  mathematics,  and  later  was  elected 
to  the  Chair  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy, 
which  position  he  still  occupies.  To  advance 
the  facilities  for  the  study  of  astronomy,  in  the 
summer  of  1891,  Prof.  Taylor  spent  about  two 
months  as  special  student  at  the  Lick  Observa- 
tory, at  Mount  Hamilton,  California,  and  after 
his  return  to  Seattle  the  Board  of  Regents  of 
the  State  University,  appropriated  §3,000  to 
build  and  equip  a  small  observatory  in  connec- 
tion with  theinstitution.  Our  subject  superin- 
tended its  erection,  and  purchased  a  telescope, 
the  mountings  of  which  was  made  by  Warner 
&  Swasey,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  the  optical 
parts  by  Brashear,  of  Allegheny  City,  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  meteorological  department  is  also 
equipped  with  improved  insti-uments,  and  Prof. 
Taylor  is  the  director  of  the  oliservatory,  which 
is  a  valuable  addition 'to  the  university. 

In  1875,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Diantha  Evans,  a  native 
of  Koxbury,  Ohio.  She  died  in  1880,  leaving 
two  children:  May  C.  and  Inez  M.  Mr.  Taylor 
was  again  married,  in  Centerville,  Oregon,  in 
February,  188-4,  to  Alice,  a  daughter  of  Fred- 
erick J.  Morie,  who  located  in  Walla  Walla,  in 
1862.  To  this  union  have  been  bom  three 
children:  Frederick  S.,  Ruth  G.  and  Ellen  R. 
Socially,  Prof.  Taylor  affiliates  with  the  Masonic 
order  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  the  former,  he  is 
Past  Master  of  St.  John'^  Lodge,  Past  High 
Priest  of  chapter.  Prelate  of  the  commandery 
of  Knights  Templar,  Grand  Orator  of  Grand 
Chapter  of  Washington,  Senior  Grand  Warden 
uf  Grand  Lodge,  Commander-in-Chief  of  Law- 
son  Consistory,  No.  1,  of  Scottish  Rite  Southern 
Jurisdiction,  Knight  of  Court  of  Honor,  Master 
Chapter  of  Rose  Croix,  Preceptor  of  Knights 
of  Kadosh,  and  a  member  of  Atifi  Temple,  at 
Tacoma,  Ancient  Order  Nobles  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine.  In  Odd  Fellowship,  he  has  passed  the 
chairs  of  Olive  Branch  lodge  and  Unity  En- 
campment, and    is    Senior  Grand     Warden    of 


Grand  Encampment  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton. Prof.  Taylor  is  also  an  active  metnber  of 
the  Astronomical  Society  of  the  Pacific,  in 
which  he  takes  great  pride,  as  astronomy  is  the 
occupation  of  his  life. 

He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education,  by  Governor  McGraw,  in 
1893,  and  is  now  Secretary  of  the  Board. 


5TEPHEN  S.  GLIDDEN,  Spokane,  Wash  - 
ington,  is    one    of  the    enterprising   and 
successful   business    men   of  the    North- 
west. 

He  was  born  in  Northtield,  New  Hampshire, 
in  the  year  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  M. 
Glidden  and  Alice  M.  (Smith)  Glidden,  both 
natives  of  New  Ham£shire.  His  ancestors 
took  a  prominent  and  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  their  day.  His  great-grandfather  and 
grandfather  represented  the  town  of  Northfield 
in  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  for  a  period 
of  forty  years,  and  the  great-grandson  of  the 
first  of  these  gentlemen  represented  the  same 
town  in  the  same  august  body  in  the  centennial 
year  of  the  town.  Mr.  Glidden  has  in  his  pos- 
session some  papers  which  are  of  a  very  inter- 
esting character,  and  which  are  more  than  a 
hundred  years  old.  (mh- .l.itcd  1784,  being  an  ap- 
y)ointment  of  Cliarles  (ilidden,  grandfather  of 
Stephen  S.,  as  Deputy  Sheriif,  and  another  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Mr.  Glidden  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  the  Methodist  Seminary  in 
ins  native  town,  graduating  in  1847.  His 
patents  had  moved  to  Ohio  and  located  in 
Scioto  county,  in  1832,  having  made  the  jour- 
ney to  what  was  then  the  West,  in  wagons,  and 
after  his  graduation  Stephen  S.  returned  home 
and  engaged  in  tlie  iron  business  with  his  father 
and  uncle,  who  were  foundry  men,  and  re- 
mained in  Scioto  county  until  1865.  He  then 
meved'to  Tennessee,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
the  same  business  until  1876.  From  that  time 
until  1885,  he  lived  consecutively  at  Evansville, 
Indiana,  Alabama,  Chattanooga,  and  St.  Paul, 
and  at  the  last  named  place  did  a  wholesale 
grocery  bu.siness.  In  1885  he  came  out  West, 
invested  lai-gely  in  mining  property  in  the 
Coeur  d'  Alene  country,  has  been  there  at  in- 
tervals ever  since,and  still  retains  large  interests 
tliere.     He  operates  a   large  store  in  the  Coeur 


HISTORY     OF    W^iSHINOTON. 


d'  Alene  country,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  various 
enterprises  in  Spokane.  As  President  of  the 
old  Bank  of  Spokane,  he  has  done  mueli  to  ad- 
vance its  interests,  and  its  present  prosperity  is 
largely  due  to  iiis  efScient  management.  Mr. 
Glidden  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1888.  His  whole  life  has  been 
characterized  b}'  earnest  activity,  and  the  posi- 
tion of  prominence  and  influence  he  occnpies 
to-day  is  solely  the  result  of  his  own  ii  dustry 
and  perseverance. 

Mr.  Glidden  was  in.irried  in  1855  to  Miss 
Susie  Garrett,  a  native  of'  Illinois.  They  have 
had  seven  cJiildi'en,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 


-^^^^^m^^^m- 


HARLES  C.  BYRNE,  M.  D.,  is  Medical 
Director  of  the  Department  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, with  headquarters  at  Vancouver 
barracks,  "Washington.  He  was  born  in  Balti- 
more county,  Maryland,  May  7,  1837,  only  son 
of  Charles  and  Emeliue  (Cole)  Byrne.  His 
father  was  of  Irish  birth  and  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  medical  profession.  He  came 
to  America  in  1818,  and  settled  in  Baltimore, 
where,  in  1830,  he  married  Miss  Emeline  Cole, 
who  died  in  1839. 

Three  children  wtre  boin  to  this  union,  of 
wliom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  young- 
est. The  family  removed  to  Florida  in  1844, 
and  remained  there  until  1852,  when  the  fatlier 
died  and  the  family  scattered. 

Charles  C.  began  his  literary  course  of  study 
in  ("ohunbia,  Sonth  Carolina,  and  finished  it  at 
Mount  Saint  Mai-y's  College,  Maryland,  in 
1856.  He  at  once  began  the  study  of  medicine, 
nnder  the  guidance  of  Professor  Richard 
McSherry,  of  Baltimore,  an  eminent  practitioner 
of  that  city,  and  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in 
1859,  after  having  spent  one  year  at  the  Balti- 
more Infirmary  as  resident  physician. 

Immediately  following  his  graduation  from 
this  institntioi)  (the  University  of  Maryland), 
he  took  up  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  had  most 
valuable  experience  in  the  hospitals  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  and  listened  to  the  lectures  of 
some  of  the  ablest  medical  men  of  the  country. 
Ill  June,  1S60,  after  passing  successfully  the 
very  rigid  examination  required,  he  became  a 
medical  ofKcer  of  the  United   States  army,  and 


was  at  once  assigned  to  duty  in  Texas,  where  he 
remained  until  early  in  the  following  year, 
when  the  State  of  Texas  seceded  from  the 
Union. 

Surgeon  Byrne,  together  with  the  troops  with 
whom  he  was  serving,  was  captured  by  the  reb- 
els nnder  General  Van  Dorn  in  May,  1861,  at 
Saluria,  Texas.  He  was  immediately  paroled, 
but  was  not  exchanged  until  August,  1862.  In 
June,  1861,  Surgeon  Byrne  established  and  or- 
ganized a  lai-ge  military  hospital  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  which  remained  in  operation  until 
the  close  of  the  war. 

About  the  first  of  October,  1862,  he  was  as- 
signed to  duty  in  the  office  of  the  Surgeon  Gen- 
eral of  the  Army,  at  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  a  position  he  held  until  April,  1863. 
He  then  took  charge  of  the  "  Armory  Square  " 
general  hosjjital  in  Washington  city.  After  a 
few  months,  owing  to  the  demand  for  the  serv- 
ices of  medical  officers  with  the  troops  at  the 
front,  Surgeon  Byrne  was  assigned  to  duty  with 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  then  fronting  the 
enemy  in  the  State  t'f  Tennessee.  He  had 
charge  of  a  hospital  of  1,200  beds  at  Chatta- 
nooga, where  he  ministered  to  the  wounded 
from  the  battle-fields  of  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge  and  Sherman's  Atlantic  campaign.  After 
the  capture  of  Atlanta,  Surgeon  Bynie  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  tnilitary  hospitals  in 
the  city  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  he 
treated  mfiiy  of  the  soldi(rs  who  were  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  which  took  place  in 
December,  1864,  and  where  he  remained  until 
the  end  of  the  war. 

Since  1865  Surgeon  Byrne's  duties  as  a  med- 
ical officer  have  called  him  to  various  quarters 
of  the  United  States;  he  was  one  year  in  Flor- 
ida and  afterward  spent  four  years  in  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas;  in  1870  he  went  to  Willets 
Point,  New  York,  where  he  continued  until 
1875;  Dakota  was  next  his  home  for  a  brief 
period,  and  then  four  years  were  passed  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Minnesota.  In  1880  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  at  Angel  Island,  California,  and  at  the 
end  of  sixteen  months  was  transferred  to  Ben- 
icia  Arsenal,  California;  in  1885  he  was  ap- 
pointed Attending  Surgeon  at  the  United  States 
Soldiers'  Home  at  Washington,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia; at  the  end  of  five  years  he  was  ordered 
to  duty  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  and  in  February, 
1891,  he  was  appointed  Medical  Director  of  the 
Department  of  the  Columbia,  with  station  at 
Vancouver  Barracks,  Washington. 


UlSTOUY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Dr.  Cyrne  was  married  in  the  city  of  Mil- 
waukee, Wisconsin,  in  October,  187G,  to  Miss 
Henrietta  P.  Colt,  a  connection  of  the  Colt 
family  made  noted  througliout  the  world  as 
inventors  and  uianufactnrers  of  tire-arms. 


TTVe.  S.  M.  white,  one  of  the  leading 
I  J  physicians  of  Walla  Walla,  was  born  in 
^^^  Hamilton  county,  Indiana,  Septetnber  27, 
1842,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Mjiry  (MotKtt)  White, 
the  former  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  the  latter  of  North  Carolina.  The 
father,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  died  Februaiy 
5,  1875,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one  years.  The 
mother  still  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
aged  seventy-two  years. 

Dr.  S.  M.  White,  the  eldest  of  two  children, 
was  reared  to  farm  life,  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  county,  and  also  gradu- 
ated at  the  Poplar  Ridge  Academy  of  Indiana. 
After  completing  his  education  the  war  broke 
out,  and  April  25,  1864.  he  enlisted  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-sixth  Regiment  of  Indiana 
Volunteers.  He  participated  in  much  hard 
service  in  the  South,  his  regiment  having  been 
on  detached  duty,  and  was  sent  from  point  to 
point.  He  was  honorably  discharged  JSfovem- 
l3er  2,  1864,  after  which  he  followed  farming 
in  his  Tiative  State  until  1868.  In  that  year 
Mr.  White  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Drs.  Daniel  and  Zenas 
Carry;  attended  the  medical  school  of  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana;  received  his  diploma  February 
24,  1878;  was  engaged  as  one  of  the  faculty  of 
that  institution  seven  years,  and  then  received 
his  second  diploma,  dated  March  7,  1884.  He 
was  then  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Kokomo,  Indiana,  until  1881,  and  then  went  to 
Indianapolis,  where  he  remained  until  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  seek  a  new  home. 
Since  that  time  Dr.  White  has  followed  his 
profesi^ion  in  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  and 
has  regained  his  health. 

The  Doctor  was  married,  January  19,  1865, 
to  Miss  Ruth  Herand,  but  after  a  few  years  of 
happy  conjugal  life,  death  claimed  the  loving 
wife  and  mother,  her  demise  occurring  April 
28,  1873.  She  left  three  children,  but  only 
two  daughters  now  survive:  Alma  and  Ida, 
who  reside  with  their  grandmother  in  Indian- 
apolis.    The  eldest^  is  one   of  the  hading  mu- 


sicians of  that  city,  making  the  violia  a  spe- 
cialty, and  being  one  of  the  faculty  of  the 
musical  department  of  Butler  University, 
Indiana.  She  is  said  to  be  the  finest  violinist 
of  Indianapolis.  Dr.' White  was  again  married, 
November  10,  1875,  when  he  wedded  Miss 
Carrie  E.  SuUiuaii,  a  native  of  Ohio.  She  de- 
parted this  life  April  4,  1880,  leaving  one 
daughter,  Lora,  aged  fifteen  years,  who  is  now 
attending  school  in  Indiana.  Politically,  the 
Doctor  is  identified  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  socially  is  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows 
and  Masonic  fraternities,  still  holding  his  mem- 
bership in  the  latter  at  Kokomo,  Indiana.  He 
has  been  twice  elected  as  Post  Commander  of 
A.  Lincoln  Post,  No.  4,  of  Walla  Walla,  and 
was  elected  Medical  Examiner  of  his  depart- 
ment in  1891. 


T[T[ON.  JUDGE   WILLIAM   H.  UPTON, 
fr^l    one  of  Washington's  rising  and   highly 
I     li    accomplished  young   men,   w-as  born  in 
^/  Weavcrville,  C^alifornia,  June  19,  1854, 

a  son  of  William  and  Maria  A.  (HoUister)  Up- 
ton, natives  of  New  York,  where  they  were  also 
married.  Tlie  father  was  admitted  to  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  his  native  State;  afterward  fol- 
lowed his  profession  and  held  several  prominent 
jiositions  in  Michigan  until  1852,  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California.  In  1865  he 
went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  in  1867  was 
elected  Chief  Justice  of  that  State,  holding  that 
position  until  1874.  In  1877  he  was  appointed 
Comptroller  of  the  United  States  Treasury  un- 
der President  Hayes.  Mr.  Upton  then  moved 
his  family  to  Washington,  Districtof  Columbia, 
where  he  still  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 
His  wife  died  in  1859,  at  the  age  of  forty  years, 
leaving-a  large  family  of  children  to  the  father's 
care. 

W.  H.  Upton,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and 
the  sixth  of  eleven  children,  received  his  early 
education  in  the  schools  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  afterward  entered  Yale  College,  graduating 
there  in  1877,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  years. 
He  then  spent  tiiree  years  in  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment at  Washington  city,  and  afterward  gradu- 
ated with  honor  in  the  Columbian  Law  School. 
Having  a  love  for  that  coast  country,  Mr.  Upton 
came  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  in  1880, 
where  he  immediately  began  the  practice  of  his 


BISTORT    OF    WA8U1NOT0N. 


profession.  In  1887  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  City  Council,  the  following  year  became 
a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  in 
1889  was  elected  Superior  Judge  of  Walla 
"Walla  and  Franklin  counties.  He  tilled  the  lat- 
ter position  so  acceptably  that  he  received  the 
unanimous  nomination  of  his  party  for  re-elec- 
tion, and  was  elected  his  own  successor  in  No- 
vember, 1892. 

Judge  tTpton  was  married  June  23,  1881,  to 
Miss  Georgia  L.  Bradley,  a  highly  esteemed  lady 
of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  To  this 
union  have  been  born  two  bright  boys, — Will- 
iam Hollister  and  George  Bradley.  The  Judge 
is  an  ardent  Eepublican,  and  is  Master  of  Blue 
Mountain  Lodge,  No.  13,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Walla 
Walla. 


IlUDGE  A.  P.  CDERT.— No  man  is  better 
^c  I  known  in  Spokane  than  the  subject  of  this 
'5^  sketch,  Judge  Curry,  of  the  Municipal 
Court.  Under  his  jurisdiction  the  city  has  as- 
assumed  a  quiet,  respectable  air  of  which  the 
people  are  proud. 

lie  was  born  in  Bangor,  Maine,  son  of  Rich- 
ard W.  and  Nancy  W.  (Ilatch)  Curry,  natives  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  Bangor,  Maine,  respectively.  He 
received  his  education  in  bis  native  city,  and 
after  leaving  school  engaged  in  business  with 
his  father,  who  was  a  merchant  and  who  had 
moved  to  Chelsea,  Massachusetts.  In  1854  he 
emigrated  to  Uixon,  Illinois,  where  he  was  City 
Marshal  two  years.  He  formed  one  of  a  party 
who  crossed  the  plains  to  Pike's  Peak  during 
the  gold  excitement  of  1860,  and  returufd  to 
Illinois  about  two  months  previous  to  the  out- 
break of  the  Civil  war.  When  President 
Lincoln  called  for  volunteers  he  was  among 
the  first  to  enlist  in  the  service  of  his  country. 
He  entered  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Thir- 
teenth niinois  Infantry,  and  in  1862  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  Lieutenant  of  Bowen's 
cavalry.  Early  in  1862  he  was  made  Captain, 
serving  as  such  for  three  years,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  at  St.  Louis.  He  then  went  to 
Memphis  and  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  First 
West  Tennessee  Infantry,  which  he  commanded 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  entered 
into  mercantile  business  in  Memphis,  and  in 
1867  was  elected  County  Sheriff,  to  which  po- 
sition he  was  twice  re-elected. 

In  1878  Mr.  Curry  located  in  Leadville,  and 
during  the  years  1880  and    1881,  was  Marshal 


of  that  place.  In  1883  he  moved  to  the  Coeur 
d'  Alene  country,  Idaho,  where  he  engaged  in 
milling  pursuits,  being  one  of  the  first  to  arrive 
there.  He  soon  afterward  took  up  his  abode  in 
Spokane,  where  he  continued  his  mining  inter- 
ests. In  1889  he  was  elected  Brigadier- General 
of  the  Territory  of  Washington.  For  one  year 
General  Curry' was  Senior  Vice-Commander  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  for  two  years 
Post  Commander,  and  for  the  year  1890  was 
Department  Commander  of  Washington  and 
Alaska.  He  is  a  Knight  of  Pythias  and  of  the 
Order  of  Elks.  The  following  is  the  Genei-al's 
staff:  C.  F.  Lake,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  As- 
sistant Adjutant  General;  J.  Hamilton  Lewis, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Assistant  Inspector  Gen- 
eral; J.  A.  Hutfield,  Assistant  Quartermaster 
General;  V.  K.  Snell,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and 
Assistant  Commissary  General;  Benj.  R.  Free- 
man, Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Brigade  Surgeon; 
E.  P.  Gillette,  First  Lieutenant  and  Aid-de- 
camp; Wm.  H.  Chapman,  First  Lieu  tent  and 
Aid-de-camp;  and  Cromwell,  First  Lieutenant 
and  Aid-de  camp. 

Judge  Curry  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1891, 
an'l  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Muiucipal 
Court  by  Acting  Governor  Charles  E.  Laugh- 
ton.  Not  long  ago  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Mining  Exchange. 

Personally,  he  is  a  genial,  whole-souled  gen- 
tleman, whose  friends  are  to  be  found  among  all 
classes  of  people.  In  appearance,  he  has  the 
bearing  of  a  soldier,  and  is  justly  proud  of  his 
record  as  such.  The  headquarters  of  the  Na- 
tional Guards  of  Washington  are  rooms  10  and 
11,  Fails  City  Block,  Spokane. 

E'rNEST   EGGERT,  proprietor  of  Twick- 
enham Park,  Spokane,    Washington,  was 
1  born   in   Hanover,  Germany,  in  the  year 

1861.  His  parents,  C.  11.  and  Mary  (Weber) 
Eggert,  natives  of  Germany,  immigrated  to 
America  in  1869  and  located  in  New  York 
city.  His  father  was  a  school  teacher  by  pro- 
fession. The  family  lived  in  New  York  and 
afterward  in  Brooklyn,  and  in  the  public  schools 
of  those  cities  Ernest  received  his  education, 
graduating  in  1876.  He  learned  cigar-making 
and  remained  in  New  York,  engaged  in  that 
business  until  1889. 

Believing  the  opportunities  for  enterprising 
young  men  were  better  in  the  great  West  than 


UlSTOKY     OF    WABIIINGTGN. 


ill  the  overcrowded  cities  of  the  East,  he  came 
to  Washington;  and,  through  the  intluence  of 
Major  Hobbs  and  others',  was  induced  to  locate 
in  Spokane.  Upon  his  arrival  here  he  immedi- 
ately identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  tlie 
growing  city  and  the  State  in  general.  First, 
he  engaged  in  the  wholesale  liquor  business. 
He  established  Twickenham  Park  in  the  suburbs 
of  Spokane,  fitting  it  up  as  a  place  of  amusement 
and  resort  for  the  public.  It  comprises  about 
forty-two  acres.  At  the  time  Mr.  Eggert  took 
possession  it  was  a  wilderness,  but  under  his 
well-directed  efforts  it  has  been  transformed 
into  an  ideal  resort.  The  grounds  are  rich  in 
natural  t)-easures,  they  having  been  until  re- 
cently a  private  camping  place  for  the  Indians, 
who  have  left  behind  traces  which  Mr.  Eggert 
very  judiciously  has  left  in  their  natural  state. 
These  relics  possess  a  charm  for  tlie  visitors  who 
daily  throng  the  grounds.  Mr.  Eggert  has 
placed  here  a  large  number  of  animals,  is  con- 
stantly adding  to  the  collection,  and  it  is  only  a 
question  of  time  before  he  will  be  the  owner  of 
one  of  the  finest  menagerieo  of  the  Northwest. 
Much  money  has  been  expended  in  beautifying 
the  grounds,  and,  altogether,  this  park  is  one  vH 
the  pleaeantest  places  in  Spokane  in  which  to 
spend  an  idle  hour. 

Personally,  Mr.  Eggert  is  a  nsan  of  kind   dis- 


posi 


tion    and    pleasine   address 


He 


one  of 


Spokane's  most  enterprising  young  men. 

P)HILIP  VANDERBILT  C^SAK,  pres- 
ident of  the  Metropolitan  Savings  Bank 
of  Tacoma,  Washington,  and  one  of  the 
leading  financiers  in  the  Northwest,  is  a 
native  of  Franklin,  New  Jersey,  born  June  21, 
1866.  His  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  num- 
bered among  the  oldest  and  most  jii-nminent  in 
the  United  Slates,  having  figured  conspicuously 
in  civil  and  military  lists. 

The  early  life  of  Mr.  Ctesar  was  passed  in  his 
native  city,  and  his  preliminary  education  re- 
ceived in  the  local  common  schools.  In  1884, 
at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  entered  Columbia 
College,  and  graduated  at  the  School  of  Arts  in 
the  class  ot  1888.  For  a  time  thereafter,  he 
tilled  a  clerical  position  in  the  general  offices  of 
the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Rail- 
I'oad.  Later  he  held  a  clerkship  in  a  large 
wholesale    establishment    in     New   York  city. 


which  he  resigned  to  accept  the  post  of  cashier 
for  W.  S.  Nichols  &  Company,  at  No.  33  Wall 
street,  which  position  he  held  two  years.  At 
the  end  of  that  time,  in  1890,  he  came  to  Ta- 
coma, representing  heavy  financial  interests,  to 
become  "  connected  with  the  Tacoma  Building 
Association  and  Savings  Bank.  He  first  acted 
as  cashier  in  that  institution,  and  in  1892  was 
elected  its  president.  In  1893,  this  bunk  was 
re-organized  on  a  broader  and  more  comprehen- 
sive basis,  under  its  present  title,  and  he  has' 
ever  since  continued  to  be  its  president,  his 
known  ability  and  business  integrity  contribut- 
ing in  no  small  measure  to  its  prosperity,  by  in- 
suring the  confidence  of  the  people  and  inci- 
dentally a  large  patronage. 

As  financier,  official  and  citizen,  Mr.  Cfesaris 
conspicuous  for  honor,  ability,  energy  and  prog- 
ress, and  justly  enjoys  a  high  position  in  the 
regard  of  his  community. 

In  April,  1890,  Mr.  Ciesar  was  married  to 
Miss  Fanny  L.  Little,  daughter  of  Judge  John 
W.  Little,  of  New  York  city,  and  they  have  one 
son. 


CHARLES  PROSCH,  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
June  25,  1820. 

His  parents,  William  and  Christiana  (Dotter) 
Prosch,  were  natives  of  Germany,  but  were 
reared  and  educaiod  in  the  United  States.  In 
1821  they  reuKivod  \n  Kfw  York  eity,  where 
Mr.  Prosch  engaged  in  street  contracting,  which 
he  continued  in  that  city  and  Brooklyn  for  many 
years,  ultimately  lemoving  to  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  and  his  wife  both  died,  each  at 
about  the  age  of  eighty-live  years. 

Charles  Prosch  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  New  York  city.  In  18.36  he  became 
an  apprentice  in  the  Daily  I^xjiress  office,  in 
Wall  street,  and  there  renuiined  foi-  a  period  of 
seventeen  years.  In  1853  he  came  West  to  San 
Francisco,  under  engagement  on  the  Alta  Cali- 
fornian,  of  which  paper  he  subsequently  became 
part  proprietor.  Having  sold  his  interest 
therein,  in  the  winter  of  1857-'58  he  came  to 
Washington  Territory,  and  started  the  Puget 
Sound  Herald  in  March,  1858,  in  Steilacoom. 
Fort  Nisqually,  near  that  town,  being  head- 
quarters of  the  Hudson's  Bay  traders  of  the 
Northwest,  was  in  frequent  communication  by 
water  with  Victoria  and  other  British  Columbia 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


trading  stations.  By  one  of  the  sailing 
thus  employed,  Mr.  Prosch  learned  of  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  on  Fraser  river,  and  his  paper 
was  the  medium  for  spreading  broadcast  along 
the  Pacific  coast  the  news  which  created  one  of 
the  wildest  mining  excitements  of  the  JSlorth- 
west.  Thousands  flocked  to  Whatcom  to  seek 
ingress  to  the  premised  country  by  the  moun- 
tain trail.  Finding  it  inaccessible,  they  dis- 
persed to  Yictoria  and  other  points  to  make  the 
journey  by  water.  Though  the  "  diggings" 
were  rich,  the  people  outnumbered  the  pros- 
pects. This  rusli  of  gold  liunters,  however,  was 
instrumental  in  developing  the  Cariboo  mines 
and  the  mines  of  Montana  and   Jdabo. 

The  town  uf  Steilcoom  and  the  Herald  having 
declined  to  a  condition  that  no  longer  afforded 
support,  in  1868  Mr.  Prosch  removed  toOlym- 
pia  to  perform  the  Territorial  printing,  umler 
the  auspices  of  E.  L.  Smith,  Secretary  of  the 
Territory.  To  comply  witli  the  requirements, 
Mr.  Prosch  purchased  the  Pacific  Tribune, 
which  lie  thereafter  continued  to  publish,  and 
during  the  session  of  Legislature  of  1869  he 
published  the  first  daily  ever  printed  in  the 
Territoi-y.  Subsequently  returning  to  the 
weekly  edit'on,  he  continued  it  until  1872,  when 
he  turned  it  over  to  his  son,  Thomas  W.,  who 
ran  tiie  paper  there  until  1873.  Then,  removing 
tile  plant  to  Tacoma,  they  published  a  weekly 
and  daily  till  July,  1875,  when  they  moved  to 
Seattle  and  continued  the  publication  until  the 
plant  and  business  were  sold.  Thomas  W.  theii 
purchased  an  interest  in  the  Intelligencer,  sub- 
se(juently  became  sole  proprietor,  and  continued 
the  publication  until  1887,  when  he  sold  out 
and  retired  from  business. 

After  selling  his  paper  in  Olympia,  Charles 
Prosch,  who  was  one  of  the  members  of  St. 
John's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  during  the 
absence  of  the  clergyman  became  lay  reader  and 
discharged  the  duties   of  that   office  for  twelve 


months.     Then,  removing  witii  his  son 


to  Ta- 
coma, he  was  called  upon  to  perforin  at  St. 
Peter's  Chapel  the  same  service,  which  he  con- 
tinued about  eighteen  months,  and,  when  leav- 
ing, was  presented  with  a  handsome  watcli  and 
chain,  the  watch  being  appropriately  inscribed 
as  coming  from  a  grateful  people.  Mr.  Prusch 
also  worked  upon  the  Tribune,  and  in  1875  ve- 
mo\ed  witii  his  sou  to  Seattle,  continuing  his 
connection  with  the  Tribune  and  Intelligencer 
until  his  son  finally  sold  out  and  retired.  Since 
then,  Mr.  Prosch  has  been  engaged  in  writing 


reminiscences  of  pioneer  days  and  early  inter- 
ests connected  with  press   matters. 

He  was  married  in  De}'  street,  New  I'ork 
city,  January  16,  1846,  to  Miss  Susan  Conklin, 
a  native  of  New  York  State.  They  have  had 
five  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living:  Fred- 
erick and  Thomas  W. 


TLjfON.   EUGENE   SEMPLE,  ex-Governor 
Irnj     of  Washington,  was  born  at  Bogota,  New 
11    41    Grenada,  South  America,  June  12,  1840, 
V  a  son    of    James  and    Mary  S.  (Mizner) 

Semple,  of  Illinois.  The  father  served  as  At- 
torney General,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
Senator  in  Congress  and  Colonel  in  the  Black 
Hawk  war  in  his  adopted  State.  But  at  the 
time  of  his  son's  birth  he  was  United  States 
Minister  to  New  Grenada.  He  served  two 
terms  iu  that  position,  first  under  Van  Buren, 
and  then  under  Tyler. 

The  Semple  family  have  long  been  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  affairs  of  the  Pacific 
coast.  James  Semple,  father  of  our  subject, 
made  speeches  iu  the  Mississippi  Valley,  as 
early  as  1842,  in  favor  of  the  claim  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  to  the  line  of  54°  40'  north  latitude. 
January  8,  1844,  he  introduced  into  the  United 
States  Senate  a  resolution  requesting  the  Presi- 
dent to  give  notice  to  his  Britannic  Majesty  of 
the  desire  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  to  abrogate  the  treaty  of  joint  occupancy 
of  the  Oregon  country.  His  brother,  Robert 
Semple,  was  editor  of  the  first  American  news- 
paper printed  in  California;  was  president  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  that  State;  and 
founded  the  city  of  Benicia.  A  half  brother  of 
our  subject,  Hon.  Lansing  B.  Mizner,  was  a 
California  pioneer  of  1849,  held  many  ofiicial 
positions,  including  that  of  Collector  of  the  Port 
of  San  Francisco;  President  of  State  Senate,  and 
Presidential  Elector  and  Minister  to  Central 
America.  A  cousin  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  AVill  Semple  Green,  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  city  of  Colusa,  California,  and 
for  thirty-five  years  has  been  editor  of  the  Co- 
lusa Sun,  in  which  capacity  he  has  yielded  a 
potent  influence  in  public  affairs.  Another  uncle. 
Colonel  Charles  Donald  Semple,  of  Colusa,  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  members  of  the 
California  bar. 


HISTOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Eugene  Sernple,  Ihe  youngest  child  and  only 
son,  was  five  years  of  age  wlien  his  parents  re- 
turned to  Illinois,  and  the  succeeding  years  were 
passed  in  Madison  and  Jersey  counties,  attend- 
ing the  country  schools  in  winter,  and  W'ori^ing 
at  farm  labor  in  the  summer.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  years  he  entered  the  St.  Louis  Univer- 
sity, and  subsequently  engaged  in  the  study  of 
law  with  Krum  ct  Harding,  in  St.  Louis,  and 
later  graduated  at  the  Law  Department  of  the 
Cincinnati  College,  taking  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
After  receiving  his  diploma,  Mr.  Semple  carried 
out  his  long  cherished  intention  of  locating  in 
Oregon,  and,  via  New  York,  Panama  and  San 
Francisco,  arrived  in  the  fall  of  1863.  From 
tliat  time  until  1869,  tie  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Portland,  w-ith  the 
exception  of  two  summers  spent  in  the  mines  of 
Idaho  and  Washington.  In  the  last  named 
year  Mr.  Semple  embarked  in  newspaper  work, 
first  as  reporter,  and  later  as  editor  of  the  Daily 
Oregon  Herald,  then  the  leading  organ  of  the 
Democratic  party  in  the  Northwest.  The  motto 
of  this  paper  was:  "In  all  discussions  of  Ameri- 
can policy,  with  us  liberty  goes  tir>t.''  It  was 
a  strenuous  opponent  of  Chinese  ininii^ration, 
and  an  advocate  of  railroads,  claiming,  however, 
that  they  should  be  the  servants  of  the  people, 
and  not  the  masters  of  the  people.  The  result 
of  the  Denicci-afic  \  irtury  of  1870  in  Oregon 
made  Mr.  Si'injilc  Slate  Printer,  which  position 
he  held  until  1^74.  He  then  leased  a  farm  in 
Lane  county,  afterward  purchased  land  in  Co- 
lumbia county,  and  followed  the  occupation  of 
his  youth  until  1888.  In  that  year  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  cedar  sliingles,  being  the 
pioneer  in  that  business  in  the  Northwest,  and 
the  following  year  erected  the  Lucia  Mills  at 
Vancouver,  Washington,  also  becoming  a  resi- 
dent of  that  place.  He  was  appointed  Governor 
of  Washington  Territory  by  President  Cleveland, 
and  was  the  candidate  of  the  Democratic  party 
for  the  same  office  at  the  first  State  election,  run- 
ning neaily  600  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket.  In  Ore- 
gon Mr.  Semple  held  the  office  of  Police  Com- 
missioner of  Portland,  of  State  Printer,  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  Court  in  Columbia  county,  and  was 
appointed  Brigadier  General  of  the  Natiotial 
Guard  by  Governor  Grover. 

While  a  member  of  the  Vancouver  Board  of 
Trade,  our  subject  was  the  prime  mover  in  form- 
ing the  Columtiia  Water  Way  Association,  de- 
signed to  secure  the  opening  of  the  Columbia 
river  to  free  navigation,  a  project  which   he  be- 


gan to  agitate  in  1869,  and  has  since  continued 
to  work  for  at  every  opportune  tnoment.  At 
the  second  session  of  the  association  he  read  a 
carefully  prepared  paper  on  river  improvements, 
in  which  he  outlined  a  comprehensive  scheme 
for  economically  navigating  the  Columbia  ]-iver 
and  its  tributaries,  and  for  the  construction  of  a 
ship  transit  across  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec. 
In  1889  Mr.  Semple  returned  to  Seattle,  where 
he  now  resides,  engaged  in  the  active  practice 
of  law,  and  also  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Harbor  Line  Commissioners.  While  a  member 
of  the  Harbor  Line  Commission,  Mr.  Semple 
had  charge  of  the  harbors  of  Seattle,  Ballard, 
Sidney,  Blaine,  Shelton  and  Vancouver,  and 
prejjared  a  plan  for  the  permanent  improvement 
of  the  harbor  at  the  latter  place. 

He  was  married  in  1870,  to  Ruth  A.  Lowns- 
dale,  of  Portland,  and  they  have  three  daughters 
and  one  son.  Mr.  Semple  has  been  a  widower 
since  1883,  and  is  now  devoting  his  time  to  the 
care  and  education  of  his  children. 


T[T(  ON.  I.J.  LICHTENBERG,  Judge  of  the 
ipi     Superior   Court,  Equity    Department,  of 
I     41    King  county,  Washington,   was   born   in 
^  New  York  city,  June  5,  1845. 

His  parents,  Jacob  and  Caroline  Lichtenberg, 
were  of  German  and  English  descent  respect- 
ively. Jacob  Lichtenberg  was  a  manufacturing 
jew'eler  of  New  York  city.  From  there  he 
moved  to  Callao,  Peru,  and  later  to  Valparaiso, 
Chili,  where  he  passed  the  closing  years  of  his 
life. 

I.  J.  Lichtenberg  was  the  first  born  in  a  fam- 
ily of  four  children,  three  of  whom  survive.  He 
attended  public  school  and  college  in  his  native 
city  until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  dropped 
his  studies  and  joined  the  ranks  of  the  Union 
army.  He  enlisted  in  1862  in  the  Fitth  New 
York  Cavalry,  and  served  in  the  cavalry  corps 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  in  May,  1864, 
and,  being  unfitted  for  further  service,  was  dis- 
charged in  the  fall  of  that  year.  Until  January, 
1889,  he  carried  the  ball  in  his  leg,  suffering 
almost  continuously,  and  as  a  last  resort  had  his 
leg  amputated. 

After  the  war  he  followed  a  mercantile  life 
in  New  York  city  for  some  time.  From  there 
he  removed    to    Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  where 


niSTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  began  reading  law  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Hon.  O.  F.  Bechtel,  a  lawyer  of  considerable 
prominence  and  now  one  of  the  judges  of  com- 
mon pleas  in  Schujkill  county.  Mr.  Litchen- 
berg  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874,  and  at 
once  engaged  in  practice  at  Pottsville,  where  he 
remained  until  1887.  Then  he  came  to  Seattle, 
continuing  his  professional  career  here.  His 
ability  as  a  hiwyer  at  once  advanced  him  to  the 
front  rank  in  his  profession,  and,  with  the  ad- 
mission of  Washington  to  Statehood  in  1889, 
he  was  honored  by  being  elected  the  first  Supe- 
rior Judge  of  King  county,  and  this,  too,  on  the 
'Democratic  ticket,  when  the  liepnblican  ma- 
jority was  abont  1,200.  Up  to  March,  1890,  he 
was  the  only  Superior  Judge  in  the  county. 
Then  the  business  of  the  court  had  reached 
such  vast  proportions  that  the  Legislature  ap- 
pointed two  additional  judges,  and  Judge  Licht- 
enberg  was  assigned  to  the  Court  of  Equity. 
His  mode  of  conducting  court  being  one  of 
much  dignity,  rapidity  and  justice,  his  service 
was  highly  appreciated  and  he  was  the  unani- 
mous choice  of  his  party  for  nomination  in  con- 
vention assembled  in  the  fall  of  1892.  Among 
the  profession  he  is  highly  honored  and  respected 
for  his  tirni,  decisive,  yet  impartial  rulings. 
Quick  in  discerning  points  of  law  and  equity, 
and  rendering  his  verdicts  according  to  the 
facts,  without  fear  or  favor,  he  is  considered  one 
of  the  ablest  jurists  upon  the  Superior  Bench  of 
the  State. 

Judge  Lichtenbergwas  married  in  Pottsville, 
Pennsylvania,  to  Miss  Emma  Barr,  a  native  of 
that  State.  One  child,  Benjamin,  has  been  born 
to  them. 

The  Judge  has  been  an  active  supporter  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  since  the  earliest  organization  of 
that  body.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of 
Go  wen  Post,  No.  23,  of  Pottsville,  and  now  be- 
longs to  Stevens  Post,  No.  1,  of  Seattle. 


T|UDGE  RALPH  OREGON  DUNBAR,  of 
h-y.  Goldendale,  Washington,  Chief  Justice  of 
V^  the  State  of  Washington,  was  born  in 
Schuyler  county,  Illinois,  April  26,  1845.  His 
parents.  Rice  and  Jane  (Brisbin)  Dunbar,  were 
natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  respectively, 
but  were  married  in  Illinois,  where  both  were 
reared  from  childhood. 


Rice  Dunbar  was  a  carpenter  by  trade  and 
followed  that  occupation  in  Illinois  until  1846. 
That  year  he  purchased  a  prairie  outfit,  and  with 
ox  teams  brought  his  family  across  the  plains 
and  mountains  to  the  Willamette  valley,  Ore- 
gon. He  located  a  donation  claim  in  the 
Waldo  hills,  Marion  county,  and  there  engaged 
in  farming,  continuing  his  trade,  as  opportun- 
ity afforded,  up  to  1863.  Then  he  moved  his 
family  to  Salem,  where  he  passed  the  closing 
years  of  his  life. 

Judge  Dunbar  was  educated  at  the  Willa- 
mette University,  teaching  two  years  while  pur- 
suing his  studies.  In  1867  he  moved  to 
Olympia  and  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  Elwood  Evans,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  before  the  Territorial  Su- 
preme Court  in  1859.  His  career  as  a  lawyer 
has  been  marked  by  success,  he  has  had  an  ex- 
tensive practice  tiiroughont  the  State,  and  he 
has  gained  a  reputation  not  only  as  a  successful 
lawyer  but  also  as  one  whose  judgment  can  al- 
ways be  relied  upon.  That  same  year,  1869, 
he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  by  Chief  Justice  Orange  Jacobs, 
and  performed  the  duties  of  that  office  until 
1871,  when  he  resigned,  went  to  Yakima,  and 
-engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  con- 
tinuing there  thus  occupied  until  1875.  He 
then  moved  to  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and  passed 
two  years  at  that  place.  Returning  to  VV^ash- 
ington  in  1877,  he  opened  an  office  in  Golden- 
dale  and  continued  his  professional  life.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  to  the  Upper  House  or 
Council  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
also  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Klickitat  county. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Klickitat,  Kittitass,  Yakima,  Clarke  and 
Skamania  counties.  In  1885  he  wa^  elected  to 
the  Lower  House  of  the  Territorial  Legislature, 
and  upon  the  assemblage  of  that  body  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  House.  He  also  served 
several  terms  as  City  Attorney  of  Goldendale,_ 
and  from  1880  to  1886  was  editor  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  Goldendale  Sentinel,  a  paper  which 
zealouslysupported  the  principles  of  the  Repub- 
lican pai'ty.  The  Judge  represented  the  eleventh 
district  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1889,  and  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Tide  and  Granted  Lands,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  constitutional  articles  on  school 
lands.  He  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  Con- 
gress at  the  first  State  convention  in  Washing- 
ton  in   1889,  lacking  only   three   votes  of    the 


IIIHTOIIY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


notninalioii.  At  the  same  convention  he  was 
unanimously  nominated  as  candidate  for  the 
ofiice  of  Supreme  Judge,  to  wliich  responsible 
position  he  was  elected  by  a  large  majority  tlie 
following  month.  Iti  January,  1893,  after  serv- 
ing two  years  as  Associate  Justice,  Judge  Dun- 
bar was  cliosen  by  his  brother  judges  tp  fill  the 
responsible  and  honorable  position  as  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of 
•Washington — a  position  he  now  occupies — dis- 
charging the  duties  with  credit  to  himself  and 
friends  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  public  in 
general. 

Being  of  a  nervous  temperament.  Judge  Dun- 
bar sought  and  has  found  rest  and  recreation  in 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  i)ought  280  acres  of 
land  near  Goldendale,  and  became  interested  in 
grain  farming  and  the  raising  of  horses.  After 
his  election  as  Supreme  Judge,  he  removed  to 
Olympia,  and  while  discharging  the  duties  of 
that  office,  in  order  to  continue  his  farming  di- 
version, he  purchased  170  acres  of  land  near 
Olympia.  On  this  property  he  is  raising  line 
horses  of  Hambletonian  Mambrino  and  Alta- 
mont  breeds,  and  some  Jersey  cattle. 

Judge  Dunbar  was  married  at  Yakiina,  in 
1873,  to  Miss  Clara,  daughter  of  William 
AVhite,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  Her  father  was 
murdered  while  engaged  in  farming,  six  miles 
southeast  of  Olympia,  during  the  Indian  war  of 
1855  and  1856.  Judge  and  Mrs.  Dunbar  have 
three  children, — Fred,  Ruth  and  John, — all 
busily  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  education. 


i'llLLIAM  NELSON,  a  contractor,  builder 
/  and  brick  manufacturer,  of  Clielialis, 
Washiiigton,  was  born  in  Allegheny 
county,  Pennsylvania,  June  5,  1855,  being  a  son 
of  Kichard  G.  and  Adaline  (Morrison)  Nelson. 
The  father  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  being  of 
English  extraction,  and  the  mother  was  born  in 
the  State  of  New  York. 

William  Nelson,  the  third  in  a  family  of 
seven  children,  was  engaged  in  farm  work  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  He  has  been  proiui- 
nently  engaged  in  the  building  trade  of  this  city 
since  the  winter  of  1883,  and  since  that  time 
has  erected  under  contract  the  greater  portion 
ofChehalis'  brick  business  blocks.  Among  the 
number  may  tje  mentioned  the  Improvement 
Bhjck,  Racket  store,  Columbia    Block,  and   the 


Barrett  Block,  known  as  the  Hotel  Rainier.  Mr. 
Nelson  also  did  the  stone  work  on  the  Commer- 
cial bank  building  and  put  in  the  sewer  system 
of  that  city.  His  brick  yards  are  located  a 
short  distance  south  of  town,  the  enterprise  be- 
ing yet  in  its  infancy,  although  the  capacity  is 
for  25,000  brick  daily.  The  output  of  the  plant 
will  be  regulated  by  the  demand,  but  the  indus- 
try is  one  that  can  not  fail  to  thrive  under  its 
present  egective  management.  The  yards  will 
furnish  employment  to  a  coi-ps  of  about  twenty 
workmen. 

March  15,  1893,  Mr.  Nelson  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Bush,  a  native  of 
New  York.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Nelson  is 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party  and  his 
fraternal  associations  are  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  a  stockholder  in 
the  County  Agricultural  Association. 


CHARLES  C.  LANDON,  vice-president  of 
the  Vancouver  Real-Estate  Association, 
was  born  in  the  virgin  forests  of  Vermont, 
near  Irasburgh,  Orleans  county,  October  24, 
1858,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Laura  (Owens)  Lan- 
don,  natives  also  of  that  State,  and  both  were 
descended  from  old  and  influential  families  of 
Vermont.  The  mother  died  in  18t)9,  and  the 
father  survived  until  1872,  when  he  too  passed 
away. 

Charles  C,  the  second  in  a  family  of  five 
children,  was  early  inured  to  the  hardships  of 
New  England  farm  life,  and  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  his  native  State.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen  years  he  located  in  Minneapolis,  Min- 
nesota, where  he  followed  mercantile  pursuits 
until  1875.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Santa 
Clara  county,  California,  and  during  a  residence 
of  six  years  in  that  State  he  was  engaged  in 
farming  and  other  occupations.  In  September, 
1881,  Mr.  Landon  settled  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  he  established  the  Portland  and  East 
Portland  Package  Express  Company,  but  at  the 
expiration  of  eighteen  months  sold  that  busi- 
ness and  took  charge  of  the  well  known  Abing- 
ton  building,  as  janitor,  for  one  year.  Since 
1889  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  handling 
real-estate  in  Vancouver,  Washington.  The 
Vancouver  Real-Estate  Association  was  incor- 
porated January  25,  1892,  with  a  capital  stock 
of   §10,000,  and   the   following   named    officers: 


HISTORY    OF    WA'^HINnrON. 


Joseph  Bone,  president;  C.  C.  Landon,  vice- 
president;  H.  E.  Martin,  treasurer;  and  W.  H. 
Johnson,  seeretai-y.  The  ,iinn  does  a  general 
real-estate  and  commission  business,  handling 
large  tracts  of  land  in  the  interior  of  Clarke 
county,  also  city  and  suburban  property.  Mr. 
Landon  also  owns  individually  thirty-three  acres 
of  land,  which  is  a  part  of  the  old  T.  J.  Thorn- 
ton claim.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Van- 
couver Trotting  Park  Association. 

August  13,  1885,  in  Portland,  he  was  joined 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Katie  O'Brien,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  political  matters  Mr.  LandoJi 
is  a  stanch  advocate  of  Repulilican  principlt's, 
and  in  1891  was  elected  a  member  of  the  City 
Council.  Socially  he  affiliates  with  tlie  Sons  of 
Veterans. 


\\  A\  IjlLLlAM  E.  WAGGONER,  one  of  the 
viv/  substantial  and  respected  farmers  of 
■1  "l  Walla  Walla  county,  "Washington,  was 
born  in  Moultrie  county,  Illinois,  February  16, 
1845,  and  received  an  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  district.  His  father,  W^iliiam 
Waggoner,  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  who 
emigrated  to  Illinois  at  an  early  day,  and  died 
there  in  1867,  at  the  aoe  of  fifty-five  years.  His 
wife  survived  him  until  1879,  when  she  passed 
away  at  the  age  of  sixty  years.  They  reared  a 
family  of  ten  children,  of  whicli  fuiir  are  still 
living. 

William  remained  at  home  with  liis  parents 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  wlien  he 
enlisted,  July  5,  1862,  in  Company  H,  One  Him- 
dred  and  Twenty-third  Infantry,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  having  participated 
in  many  of  the  most  serious  of  the  battles 
of  the  wiiole  struggle.  Both  at  Perryville  and 
Chickamagua  he  was  in  much  danger,  and 
the  colonel  of  the  regiment  was  killed  in  an  en- 
gagement with  Wheeler's  force  in  Tenne.-see, 
but  our  subject  returned  without  injury,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  at  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see. After  the  war  he  engaged  in  farming,  but 
not  having  enough  land,  and  realizing  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  great  and  productive  western 
coast,  he  started  on  a  journey  over  tlie  plains  in 
1879. 

At  that  time  the  journey  may  not  have  been 
as  dangerous  as  in  the  early  days,  but  it  was  just 
as  tedious,  and  for  three  months  he  was  on  the 
way,  ever  anxious  to  see  the  land  of  the  setting 


sun  across  the  lofty  mountains.  When  he  ar- 
rived in  Walla  Walla  county,  he  soon  found 
good  land  to  rent,  and  continued  renting  for 
three  years,  and  then  had  enough  money  to  pur- 
chase a  good  farm  for  himself.  His  first  pur- 
chase was  of  eighty  acres,  but  now  he  has  a  fine 
place  of  400  acres,  all  in  one  body,  situated  nine 
miles  northeast  of  the  city  of  Walla  AValia. 
Here  our  subject  lias  built  a  good  residence  and 
is  doing  a  tine  farming  business,  raising  on  an' 
average  5,000  bushels  of  grain  yearly. 

Our  subject  was  married  JSovember  17, 1870, 
to  Miss  Nancy  J.  Kennedy,  a  native  of  Illinois. 
Her  parents,  L'^wis  and  Minerva  Kennedy,  who 
are  both  living  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington, 
came  to  Washington  at  the  same  time  as  did 
Mr.  Waggoner  and  their  daughter.  Our  sub- 
ject and  wife  have  had  a  family  of  four  children: 
Icy.  born  May  10.  1872;  Walter  L.,  born  De- 
cember 6,  1875;  Oscar,  born  July  6,  1877;  and 
Shelljy,  born  xMarch  20,  1887. 

Our  subject  has  been  a  very  industrious  man 
and  has  managed  his  affairs  so  well  that  he  has 
accumulated  a  comfortable  competence,  and  is 
am>ng  the  most  respected  of  the  g.)oil  people  of 
Walla  Walla  county. 


HARLES  McINROE,  one  ot  the  leading 
farmers  of  Dry  Creek,  Walla  Walla 
county,  AVashington,  is  the  subject  of  the 
jjresent  sketch.  He  was  born  of  Irish  parents 
in  Steuben  county.  New  York,  May  10,  1847. 
At  the  age  of  seven  years  his  father  moved  to 
AVisconsin,  and  he  was  reared  and  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  that  county.  After  our 
subject  had  grown  to  manhood  he  entered  the 
lumber  camps  of  Wisconsin,  and  continiied 
there  working  for  the  next  seven  years,  and  by 
1879  had  saved  enough  money  to  pay  his  fare 
to  Washington,  the  passenger  rate  at  that  time 
being  about  S200,  as  there  was  but  one  railroad 
across  tlie  mountains.  He  reached  the  home  of 
his  brother  in  Valley  Grove  and  remained  there 
for  the  next  two  years,  hiring  out  among  the 
farmers.  He  was  economical,  as  before,  and  in 
tiie  time  noted  saved  enough  money  to  purchase 
160  acres  of  land,  six  miles  north  of  Walla 
Walla.  There  he  is  now  residing,  the  happy 
owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  400  acres  under  culti- 
vation, whereon  he  raises  an  average  of  6,000 
bushels  of  grain  per  year. 


nr  STORY    OF    WASHTNGTOK. 


After  securing  a  good  home,  our  subject  re- 
turned to  Wisconsin,  and  tliere  married  Miss 
M.iggie  White,  in  1887.  She  was  a  native  of 
Canada,  a  daughter  of  Walter  and  Matilda 
Wiiite,  both  of  whom  died  in  Wisconsin.  No 
children  have  been  born  into  the  home  of  our 
subject,  but  in  his  wife  he  finds  a  congenial 
companion  and  efficient  helpmate.  Politically, 
he  is  a  Democrat,  and  fraternally  is  a  member 
of  I.  O.  O.  F.  His  own  industry  has  ]irocured 
liim  this  beautiful  home,  and  he  is  justly  proud 
of  it. 


D 


R.  EDWARD  C.  KILBOURNE.- 


imong 


the  representative   business  men 


of  Seattle  we  find  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  is  actively  engaged  in  advancing  the 
interests  of  the  city.  He  was  born  in  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vermont,  January  13,  1856.  His  parents, 
Everette  H.  and  Frances  A.  (Stone)  Kilbourne, 
were  natives  of  the  same  State,  their  ancestors 
being  numbered  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
New  England.  His  grandfather,  Ralph  Kil- 
liourne,  was  one  of  the  first  dentists  in  the 
United  States,  and  very  skillful  in  his  profession. 
Everette  H.  adopted  the  same  profession,  and 
practiced  in  Vermont  up  to  1858,  then  moved 
to  Aurora,  Illinois,  and  continued,  in  a  general 
practice. 

Edward  C.  Kilbourne  was  reared  in  Aurora, 
and  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city. 
He  then  studied  dentistry  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  his  father,  and  received  further  instruc- 
tion from  the  leading  practitioners  of  Chicago 
and  New  York.  Locating  in  Aurora,  he  com- 
menced his  practice  in  partnership  with  his 
lather,  continuing  until  1880,  when,  through 
failing  health,  he  retired  from  the  profession 
for  the  out-door  exercise  of  the  mining  districts 
of  Colorado,  where  he  prospected  for  two  sea- 
sons, regaining  his  health  but  attaining  to  no 
great  financial  prosperity.  In  1882  he  returned 
to  Chicago  and  became  treasurer  of  the  Elgin 
Milk  &  Butter  Company,  remaining  in  that 
office  up  to  November,  1883,  when  he  came  di- 
rect to  Seattle.  He  then  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  which  he  continued  very  suc- 
cessfully about  five  years.  In  1887  he  was  one 
of  the  active  organizers  of  the  first  Territorial 
Dental  Society,  which  was  instrumental  in  se- 
cnring  the  passage  of  the  dental  lawfortiie  pro- 
tection of  the  regular  practitioners  against  quack- 


ery and  incompetent  attendance.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  and  by  that  board 
was  elected  presideiit,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  rcllri'mi'nt  I'immi  ]ii-acticein  Dece:nber, 
1888,  to  .■nu'.i.'v  arii\,.!y  in  the  real-estate  busi- 
ness. He  was  ;i  iniMiibiToF  tiie  syndicate  which 
purchased  the  Denny  &  llojt  tract  of  214  acres 
and  located  and  named  the  town  of  Fremont. 
To  properly  develop  this  tract  they  purchased 
the  old  horse-car  line  and  transformed  it  into 
the  electric  system,  incorporating  under  the 
name  of  the  Seattle  Electric  Railway  Company, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $120,000,  the  company 
owning  five  miles  of  track.  This  system  was 
continued  by  the  c<jrnpany  until  January  16, 
1891,  when  they  re- incorporated  as  the  Seattle 
Consolidated  Railway  Company,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  §1,500,000.  Dr.  Kilbourne  became 
treasurer,  and  in  August,  1892,  was  elected 
president  of  the  company.  The  system  now 
comprises  twenty-two  miles  of  track,  and  five 
and  a  half  miles  additional  are  operated  under 
contract. 

In  real  estate  the  Doctor  also  platted  Kil- 
bourne's  Division  of  the  Lake  Union  Addition, 
consisting  of  forty  acres,  and  Kilbourne's  Di- 
vision of  Green  Lal;r  Adlition,  of  eighty  acres, 
besides  handliny  a  laroe  amrmnt  of  inside  prop- 
erty.  In  F''!irnarv.  1891,  he  organized  the  Pa- 
cific Electric  l.i^lit  Company,  and  became  pres- 
ident. He  obtained  a  charter  from  the  city  in 
March,  and  upon  May  1,  1891,  was  furnishing 
lights  to  the  city,  evincing  great  enterprise  in 
the  rapid  completion  of  the  plant.  In  Septem- 
ber following,  they  consoliilated  with  the  Com- 
mercial Light  Company,  forming  the  Home 
Electric  Light  Company,  of  whicli  our  subject 
continued  an  executive,  being  vice  president  and 
manager. 

During  the  winter  of  1891-'92,  Dr.  Kil- 
bourne went  to  New  York  and  purchased  the 
two-third  interest  of  Henry  Villard  in  the  Seat- 
tle General  Electric  Company,  thus  perfecting  a 
consolidation  with  that  company  in  March,  1892, 
forming  the  Union  E  eetric  Company,  of  which 
the  Doctor  was  elected  president  aad  general 
manager.  The  company  hold  a  contract  for 
lighting  the  city  with  arc  and  incandescent 
lights,  and  also  for  furnishing  power  to  the  pub- 
lic. They  liave  two  power  houses,  the  combined 
capacity  being  2,000-horse  power  of  boilers  and 
engines;  750  arc  lights,  11,600  incandescent, 
with  270-horse  power  for.motor  purposes.  They 


niSTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


are  now  furnishing  nearly  all  the  incandescent 
lights  of  the  city,  and  about  three-fourths  of  the 
arc  lights. 

Dr.  Kilbourue  was  married  in  Seattle,  June 
23,  1886,  to  Miss  Leiila  A.  Shooey,  a  native  of 
Steilacooin  and  daughter  of  O.  C.  and  Emma 
(Bonney)  Shorej,  early  pioneers  of  the  Territory. 
With  his  manifold  interests  the  Doctor  attends 
closely  to  business,  but  for  several  years  has 
served  as  President  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and 
Trustee  of  the  Plymouth  Congregational 
Church. 


JAMES  MclNPtOE.— Throughout  Walla 
Walla  county,  State  of  Washington,  our 
subject  is  well  known  and  much  respected. 
His  parentage  was  lri^h,  but  he  was  born  in 
Steuben  county,  New  York,  March  11,  1841. 
His  father,  Lawrence  M.  Mclnroe,  had  come  to 
this  country  from  Ireland  when  a  small  boy, 
and  here  married  Anna  Smith,  also  a  native  of 
Ireland.  By  trade  he  was  a  machinist,  but  later 
in  life  he  engaged  entirely  in  farming,  remov- 
ing to  Wisconsin  for  that  purpose,  in  1855. 
when  our  subject  was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He 
died  in  1871,  at  the  age  of  si.xty-fonr  years,  hut 
h:s  wife  still  survives,  being  now  eighty-one 
years  old. 

Our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  of 
New  Y^ork,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  and  when  he 
became  old  enough  he  hired  out  to  work  in  the 
lumbering  camps  of  the  last-named  State,  fol- 
lowing this  occupation  for  tour  years.  In  the 
meantime,  the  opening  up  of  the  great  western 
country  along  the  coast  had  commenced,  and  our 
young  lumberman  decided  he  would  like  to  go 
thither  and  try  his  fortune  with  the  rest.  Just 
at  that  time  Judge  Sharpstine,  now  of  Walla 
AYalla,  was  about  starting  to  cross  the  plains 
and  needed  some  one  to  drive  a  team,  and  here 
came  our  subject's  great  opportunity.  In  May, 
1865,  the  train  started,  and  after  four  months 
of  travel  they  arrived  in  Walla  Walla  county. 
They  had  had  some  trouble  with  the  Indians  on 
the  way,  one  of  their  number  being  killed  by 
the  savages,  and  they  had  to  exercise  great  pre- 
caution to  keep  from  losing  their  stock. 

After  reaching  Walla  AYalla,  our  subject 
hired  out  to  a  farmer  for  whom  he  worked  six 
mouths,  receiving  enough  to  biiy  him  a  bronco 
and  a  pack  horse.  He  then  loaded  the  horse 
and   rode    the  pony,  and   thus   started    for   the 


Montana  mines.  He  followed  mining  that  sum- 
mer, but  upon  not  meeting  with  great  success 
he  returned  in  the  fall  to  Walla  Walla;  but  the 
next  spring,  not  being  altogether  satisfied  with 
his  work  in  the  mines,  concluded  to  try  in 
Idaho,  and  finding  this  much  more  profitable 
he  continued  there  until  1877,  returning  in  the 
winter  to  the  ranch  which  he  had  purchased  on 
Dry  creek,  six  miles  north  of  Walla  Walla. 
Here  he  has  now  600  acres  of  fine  land,  well 
improved,  with  a  fine  residence  and  everything 
to  make  the  life  of  the  farmer  comfortable  and 
happy.  He  is  now  engaged  in  raising  stock, 
and  has  taken  pains  to  improve  it,  owning  some 
good  Clydesdale  horses  and  short-horn  Durham 
cattle,  also  some  fine  hogs. 

In  1872  our  subject  concluded  to  pay  a  visit 
to  his  old  home  in  Wisconsin,  which  resulted, 
a  year  later,  in  his  return  to  the  coast  accompa- 
nied by  a  wife.  He  married  Miss  Cordelia 
Nelson,  a  native  of  (3hio,  but  after  four  years 
he  was  again  left  alone,  her  death  occurring  May 
6,  1877,  when  she  was  only  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  leaving  behind  two  little  boys:  Law- 
rence Oriel  and  Frank  H.,  both  of  whom  are 
now  young  men  and  much  respected,  both  yet 
at  home.  Our  subject  again  married  in  Wis- 
consin, February  15,  1882,  at  which  time  he  es- 
poused Miss  Jennie  Kent,  a  native  of  Wiscon- 
sin, a  daughter  of  Edward  Kent,  who  was  a  na- 
tive of  England;  his  wife,  nee  Sarah  McQuinn, 
was  a  native  of  New  York.  Six  months  after- 
ward, our  subject  returned  to  his  home  in  Wash- 
ington. Four  little  ones  have  since  come  into 
the  family:  Sadie,  Earl  K.,  Maud   P.  and  Cora.' 

Our  subject  may  be  termed  a  self-niade  man, 
as  he  started  out  in  life  poor  and  has  built  his 
own  steps  as  he  has  climbed  upward.  In  1892 
he  received  the  Democratic  nomination  for  the 
Legi:^lature,  and  at  the  time  of  election  lacked 
but  twelve  votes  of  an  election.  He  has  always 
been  respected,  and  is  a  valued  member  of  En- 
terprise Lodge,  No.  2,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Walla 
Walla.  He  is  now  a  Director  of  the  State  Pen- 
itentiary at  Walla  Walla. 

^^-^^^^^-^^^^^ 

JAMES  W.  FOSTER,  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  State  of  Washington,  was  born  in 
the  State  of  Maine,  was  there  reared  and 
sent  to  the  common  school.  His  father,  Philip 
Foster,  M-as  also  born  in   Maine,  and  tiiere  mar- 


ntsTonr   of    Washington. 


ried  Miss  Fannie  Cummins.  He  was  employed 
by. a  company  to  go  to  California  to  build  some 
mills.  A  ship  was  loaded  with  machinery  and 
he  was  put  in  charge,  bat  on  the  passage  tlie 
ship  went  to  Honolula,  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
was  there  about  six  months,  and  Mr.  Foster  pro- 
ceeded to  Portland,  Oregon.  He  linally  settled 
at  Oregon  City,  and  entered  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness, but  later  he  ei:gaged  in  the  building  of  the 
toll  road  across  the  Cascade  mountains,  having 
his  headquarters  on  the  west  side.  Here  he  es- 
tablished a  trading  post  to  furnish  supplies  to 
the  immigrants.  Mr.  Foster  was  one  of  the 
earlieft  settlers  of  Oregon,  coming  about  1843. 
He  died  in  1887,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years. 
His  wife  died  one  year  after  marriage,  leaving 
one  child,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Our  subject  was  of  such  a  tender  age  that  he 
does  not  have  any  memory  of  the  mother  who 
passed  away  so  soon,  but  he  was  kindly  reared 
by  his  grandparents.  In  1852  he  had  earned 
enough  to  enable  him  to  pay  his  passage  to  San 
Francisco,  to  which  city  he  sailed,  around  Cape 
Horn,  reaching  there  that  same  fall,  and  then  go- 
ing by  a  steamer  to  Portland,  and  to  the  home  of 
his  father.  He  took  up  a  donation  claim  of  160 
acres,  improved  the  land,  and  lived  there  until 
1859,  when  he  came  to  Walla  Walla,  Washing- 
ton, taking  a  claim  here,  six  miles  southeast  of 
the  town,  toward  Cottonwood  and  on  Spring- 
branch,  at  the  foot-hills.  Here  he  now  resides, 
having  improved  his  farm  and  put  it  into  a 
good  condition.  For  several  years  he  was  en- 
gaged in  breeding  and  selling  fine-blooded 
horses,  b}'  which  enterprise  he  made  consider- 
able money:  some  of  these  horses  brought  from 
$500  to  $3,000;  but  of  late  years  lie  has  de- 
voted his  attention  to  farming. 

Horticulture  has  deeply  interested  Mr.  Fos- 
ter, and  he  was  the  first  man  in  Walla  Walla 
county  to  set  out  an  orcliard,  and  he  now  has  an 
area  of  eighty  acres  set  out  to  all  kinds  of  fruit. 
He  transported  his  original  trees  over  the  Cas- 
cade mountains  from  Portland,  Oregon,  by 
means  of  pack  horses,  and  at  night  would  buiy 
the  trees  to  keep  them  from  freezing.  Owing 
to  his  inability  to  afford  himself  equal  protec- 
tion, he  had  his  feet  frozen  on  the  journey. 
The  climate  of  this  State  favors  the  growing  of 
fine  fruit,  and  from  this  source  he  has  a  good 
income.  Mr.  foster  has  made  it  one  rule  of  his 
life  never  to  have  anything  that  lie  could  not 
pay  for,  and  never  to  buy  anything  merely  be- 
cause it  was  cheap.     One  source  of  honest  pride 


is,  that  he  has  never  had  a  mortgage  on  his 
place,  and  was  never  asked  to  give  security  when 
borrowing  money  at  the  bank.  He  has  one  of 
the  finest  vineyards  in  the  county,  and  his  farm 
and  orchard  always  supply  all  that  ischoicest  in 
the  products  of  the  land.  When  he  first  settled 
here  he  had  no  neighbors,  and  had  to  get  his 
supplies  from  the  pack  trains.  Many  times  has  he 
seen  the  day  when  the  larder  contained  nothing 
but  beans.  On  one  occasion  he  went  four  days 
without  food  of  any  sort.  He  took  part  in  the 
Indian  wars,  enduring  many  hardships  at  that 
time,  but  has  lived  through  all,  and  is  now  able 
to  enjoy  the  fat  of  the  land. 

Our  subject  has  worked  indefatigably  during 
his  residence  on  the  coast,  and  all  that  he  owns 
he  has  gained  by  his  own  industry  and  manage- 
ment. He  belongs  to  the  People's  party,  and 
his  first  Presidential  vote  was  for  Weaver  in 
1892.  The  reason  he  never  before  voted  for 
president  was  because  he  happened  to  be  on  the 
frontier  or  in  a  Territory  at  the  time  of  the 
election. 

In  1867,  our  subject  married  Miss  Louisa  M. 
Rockhill,  a  native  of  Iowa.  Her  parents, 
Anthony  and  Rosetta  Kockhill,  came  to  Wash- 
ington in  1864;  were  natives  of  Ohio,  and  are 
now  living  near  Dayton.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foster 
are  the  parents  of  nine  children:  James  W., 
Jr.,  Chester  U.,  Jessie  May,  Nelson  13.,  Iva  C, 
Love  L.,  Mildred   R.,  and  Essa. 


FjATRICK  O'KEANE  has  constantly  re- 
sided in  Vancouver  for  more  than  thirty- 
four  years,  and  during  that  period  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  best 
interests  of  Clarke  county,  has  been  closely  con- 
nected with  the  business  element  of  the  city  of 
Vancouver,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  its  most 
most  progressive  and  worthy  citizens.  He  was 
born  in  Limerick,  Ireland,  March  17,  1828,  a 
son  of  James  and  Catherine  O'Keane,  natives 
also  of  that  country. 

Patrick,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America  in 
1847,  locating  in  Ottawa  county,  Illinois.  On 
account  of  ill  health  he  removed  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  in  1849;  three  years  later  went  to 
New  Orleans,  but  as  the  yellow  fever  was  rag- 
ing there  at  the  time  he  returned  to  Illinois  in 
1853.     Mr.   O'lveane    visited    in    Naples,   that 


UISTORT    OF    WASUINGTON. 


State  about  two  months,  but  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  jear  went  again  to  St.  Louis  and  New  Or- 
leans. In  June,  1854,  he  started  from  New  Or- 
leans and  went  by  water  to  the  Golden  State, 
and  in  due  course  of  time  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, where  he  remained  until  October,  1857. 
He  then  took  passage  on  the  steamer  Old  Re- 
public, for  Portland,  Oregon,  but  the  vessel  was 
stranded  in  the  Columbia  river,  and  he  was 
transferred  to  the  old  Multnomah.  He  made 
his  home  in  Portland  until  1859,  although  a 
few  months  of  that  time  was  spent  in  Salem. 
Mr.  O'Keane  took  up  his  residence  in  Vancou- 
ver, and  since  that  time  has  been  connected  with 
many  important  enterprises.  He  owns  both 
residence  and  business  property  in  the  city,  also 
valuable  timber  land  in  the  interior  of  the 
county.  One  tract,  located  twelve  miles  north- 
east of  Vancouver,  contains  560  acres,  and  em- 
braces some  of  the  most  valuable  timber  to  be 
found  in  the  State,  consisting  of  ash,  oak,  tir 
and  spruce.  Mr.  O'Keane  is  tinancinlly  inter- 
ested in  the  Con)nieicial  Bank  of  this  city,  and 
was  one  of  the  early  stockholders  in  the  Van- 
couver, Klickitat  and  Yakima  Railroad. 

November  30,  1861,  in  Portland,  Oregon,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Hannah  Mc- 
Gratli,  a  native  of  Ireland.  They  have  four 
children:  James  T.,  Frank  P.,  Mary  A.,  and 
Elizabeth.  In  political  matters,  our  subject  is 
a  stanch  and  steadfast  Democrat,  and  although 
he  has  never  sought  public  honors,  has  repre- 
sented the  welfwre  of  the  city  in  the  council. 
Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  Hibernian  Bene- 
volent Association,  and  religiously  the  family 
are  consistent  members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 


QEORGE  H.  ECKARD,  a  prominent  wine 
/  and  liquor  dealer  of  Vancouver,  was 
born  in  Germany,  May  4,  1858,  a  son  of 
-^  William  and  Margaret  Eckard.  The 
father  is  now  deceased.  George  H.,  the  eldest 
of  si.x  ciiildren,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
1  ative  land,  and  emigrated  to  America  in  1873. 
After  landing  in  this  country  he  made  his 
home  in  New  York  city  several  years,  and  in 
1882  enlisted  in  Company  0,  Fourteenth 
United  States  Infantry,  served  on  the  Colorado 
and  Nebraska  frontier,  was  for  a  short  time 
quartered  at  San  Francisco,  California,  later  at 
Port  Townsend,  Washington,  and  was  dischaz'ged 


at  Fort  Vancouver  in  1887.  Mr.  Eckard  had 
begun  business  in  this  city  two  years  prior 
to  that  time,  and  he  is  now  largely  engaged  in 
beer- bottling,  has  a  large  ice  trade,  and  does  a 
lucrative  commission  business  in  hay,  grain  and 
other  farm  products.  His  residence  property 
consists  of  four  acres,  on  which  is  also  located 
his  place  of  business,  and  a  portion  of  the 
ground  is  devoted  to  fruit  culture.  In  political 
matters,  Mr.  Eckard  is  prominently  identiiied 
with  the  Democratic  party,  has  served  as 
chairman  of  tiie  Central  Committee,  served  as 
Deputy  Sheriff  under  M.  J.  Flemming,  was  a 
delegate  from  this  city  to  the  first  State  con- 
vention held  at  Seattle,  and  is  a  stockholder  in 
the  Columbian,  the  (>fficial  Democratic  journal 
of  Clarke  county.  lie  served  as  Chairman  of 
the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men  during  the 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  the  Columbia 
river,  held  at  Astoria,  June  11,  1892,  and  is 
now  Treasurer  of  his  lodge.  Mr.  Eckard  is 
also  a  prominent  niember  of  the  K.  of  P.,  the 
Regular  Army  and  the  Navy  Union. 

In  1886  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Emma  Arnold,  a  native  of  Saxony,  Germany. 

In  July,  1889,  Mr.  Eckard  was  presented 
with  a  fine  gold  badge,  tendered  by  the  citizens 
of  Vancouver,  in  recognition  of  his  heroic  ser- 
vice in  the  fire  of  June  22,  that  year.  This 
honored  trophy,  he  wears  on  his  left  breast  and 
is  justly  proud  of  the  same.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  fire  department  since  1886. 


JIeROME  B.  SMITH,  proprietor  of  the 
City  Livery  Stables,  Vancouver,  was  born 
—  in  Wisconsin,  November  25,  1857,  a  son 
of  James  O.  and  Hannah  (Jackson)  Smith. 
Jerome  B.,  the  eldest  of  five  children,  accompa- 
nied his  parents  to  the  Pacific  coast  when  six- 
teen years  of  age,  and  the  father  and  son  estab- 
lished a  stage  line  between  Vancouver  and  Port- 
land, which  they  conducted  from  1878  to  18S6. 
In  the  latter  year  Mr.  Smith  began  business  on 
his  own  account.  In  1889  he  opened  his  pres 
ent  stable,  which  is  located  in  the  business  cen- 
ter of  the  city,  and  his  turnouts  compare  favor- 
ably with  any  in  the  county.  There  is,  perhaps, 
no  man  better  acquainted  with  the  livery  busi- 
ness or  the  wants  of  the  public  in  this  line  than 
our  subject.  He  is  also  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Vancouver  Driving  Park  Association. 


ITISTUIiF    OF    WASHINGTON. 


November  5,  1879,  in  this  city,  Mr.  Smith 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  Sn)ith,  a 
daughter  of  John  S.  Smith,  a  Washington  pio- 
neer of  1850.  To  this  union  have  been  born 
two  children:  Alice,  and  an  infant  son.  In  liis 
political  relations,  Mi-.  Smith  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, and  in  1892  was  a  member  of  the  City 
Council.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  Knights 
of   Pythias. 


,.^-, 


Li\.  FORAKER,  proprietor  of  the  Yan- 
j   eouver  Livery  Stables,  was  born  in   Lavv- 
i   rence  county,  Missouri,  February  7,  1858,- 

a  son  of  Samuel  and  Christiana  (Wright)  Fora- 
ker,  natives  of  Ohio.  Our  subject,  the  tifth  in 
a  family  of  eight  children,  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Ohio  when  quite  young,  afterward  to 
southern  Illinois,  and  two  years  later  returned 
to  Missouri,  where  he  was  reared  to  farm  life. 
In  1883  he  came  to  Washington,  and  was  joined 
by  his  parents  some  years  later,  the  latter  now 
residing  two  and  a  half  miles  north  of  Van- 
couver, engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Mr. 
Foraker  embarked  in  the  livery  business  in  this 
city  in  1888,  and  his  stables  are  now  located  on 
the  corner  of  Fifth  and  B  streets,  where  fash- 
ionable turnouts  and  livery  roadsters  are  always 
to  be  had  at  reasonable  rates.  He  is  also  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  Vancouver  Driving 
Park  Association,  and  is  a  thorough  horseman. 

^-^-^ 

fJfON.  STANLEY  HALLETT,  one  of  t!ie 
fH||    leading  citizens  of  Medical  Lake,  AVash 
J     4i    ingtou,  was  born  in  England,  in  1851,  a 
■^  son  of  Jesse  Hallett,  also  a  native  of  that 

country.  Mr.  Hallett  was  educated  at  Peckham 
College,  near  London,  where  he  took  a  classical 
course,  passed  a  very  high  examination,  and  re- 
ceived the  silver  medal  as  a  reward  of  merit. 
He  came  to  America  in  11j72,  locating  in  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  was  engaged  in  merchandising 
and  other  business  live  years.  In  1877  he  came 
to  Medical  Lake,  AVashington,  where  he  was 
among  the  pioneer  settlers,  and  thi'ough  him  the 
name  of  Medical  Lake  was  gi\en  to  the  town 
which  is  now  his  home.  His  nearest  neiglil)or 
to  the  west  was  then  thirty  miles  distant.  In 
addition  to  his  other  business  interests,  he  is 
also  largely  interested   in  real  estate,  and  is  the 


largest  land-holder  in  the  citj-,  owning  about 
one-fourth  of  the  town  site.  He  has  graded  four 
miles  of  street  in  Medical  Lake  at  his  own  ex- 
pense. He  was  the  first  Mayor  of  this  city,  and 
has  been  four  times  City  Treasurer.  He  also 
served  as  County  Commissioner  two  years,  and 
as  State  Commissioner  of  the  Insane  Asylum 
for  one  term,  D.  M.  Drumheller  and  B.  B.  Glas- 
cock completing  the  board,  and  under  these  gen- 
tlemen the  institution  was  first  erected. 

Mr.  Hallett  was  married,  in  1882,  to  Miss 
Margaret  Onion,  a  native  of  England.  She  died 
in  1888,  and  during  the  following  year  Mr. 
Hallett  marrie.l  Miss  Emily  Onion,  a  sister  of 
his  former  wife.  By  the  latter  marriage  there 
is  one  child:   Margaret. 

Mr.  Hallett  is  building  what  will  be  one  of 
the  finest  residences  in  Medical  Lake,  at  a  cost 
of  §15,000,  which  will  have  all  the  modern  im- 
provements. He  is  one  of  the  most  public- 
spirited  citizens  in  the  State.  Socially,  he  is  a 
tnember  of  the  Lodge  No.  70,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of 
which  he  is  Past  Grand  Representative.  In  re- 
ligion, both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Congregational  (Jhurch. 


5AUNDERS  BROTHERS  are  proprietors 
)  of  the  oldest  established  livery,  feed  and 
—^  ■  sale  stable  of  Chehalis,  they  having  been 
engaged  in  this  business  ten  years,  and  their 
turnouts  being  unexcelled  by  any  stable  in  the 
county.  Alfred  Saunders,  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm,  was  born  in  Lewis  county,  Washing- 
ton. June  20,  1858,  a  son  of  Schuyler  S.  and 
Eliza  (Tynan)  Saunders.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  a  descendaat  of  early  New 
England  settlers.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion, but,  during  the  gold  excitement  of  1849, 
followed  the  tide  of  emigration  to  California, 
where  he  followed  mining  two  years.  In  1852 
he  took  up  a  donation  claim  of  610  acres  in 
Lewis  connty,  Washington,  and  followed  agri- 
cultural pursuits  there  until  his  death,  in  1860. 
A  part  of  his  claim  was  converted  into  town 
lots,  which  now  form  a  part  of  the  city  of  Che- 
halis. The  three-story  brick  structure,  known 
as  the  Rauier  Hotel,  and  also  the  Tynan  Opera 
House  are  still  portions  of  this  estate. 

Alfred  Saunders,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
attended  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  and 
later  entered    a   school    at   Vancouver.    Clarke 


IIIHTORT    OF    WMUIIiOTON. 


county,  tliis  State.  He  now  owns  twenty  acres 
of  his  father's  claim,  adjoining  the  city,  eight 
acres  of  which  is  devoted  to  the  culture  of  hops. 
He  has  been  engaged  in  this  industry  for  the 
past  tliree  years.  Mr.  Saunders  was  married, 
January  7,  1891,  to  Miss  Margaret  Bhike,  a  na- 
tive of  Albany,  New  York.  They  have  one 
child :   May. 


JOSEPH  BRADEN,  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  of  Walla  Walla  connty,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Tennessee,  JNovember  19, 
1884,  and  his  brother  and  partner,  John  Braden, 
was  born  in  the  same  place  September  25, 183t5. 
Their  father,  William  Braden,  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  who  married  Mary  Weaver,  a  native 
of  North  Carolina.  In  1837  Mr.  Braden  em- 
igrated to  Illinois  at  which  time  Joseph  and 
John  were  small  boys.  In  that  State  he  en- 
in  farming  and  stock-raising,  although  he 
a  fine  mechanic  in  wood.  Farming  was 
more  congenial,  and,  as  he  saw  his  family  increas- 
ing, he  decided  to  remove  farther  west  in  order 
to  better  his  condition;  hence  in  1848  he  went 
to  Sullivan  county,  Missouri,  where  he  was  liv- 
ing at  the  time  of  the  war. 

Not  many  families  cfintributed  a  greater  quota 
uf  mei:  to  the  Union  army  than  did  brave  Mr. 
Braden  as ,  he  and  live  of  his  sons  shouldered 
their  muskets  and  marched  to  the  .defen.^e  of 
the  flag.  On  account  of  age  he  was  not  long  re- 
tained, but  lived  to  see  the  return  of  peace  and 
to  welcome  home  all  of  his  boys  safe  and  sound, 
although  they  had  taken  very  active  parts  in 
the  great  struggle.  Mr.  Braden  died  in  1866, 
at  the  age  of  fifty-five  years,  and  his  wife  lived 
until  1887,  when  she  died  at  the  home  of  her 
son  in  Washington,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five 
years.  They  had  reared  a  family  of  twelve 
children,  ten  of  whom  were  boys  and  two  were 
girls. 

The  subject  ot  this  sketch  was  the  third  and 
his  brother  was  the  fourtli  in  a  family  once  so 
large  but  which  now  has  only  five  living  mem- 
bers. In  1865  the  two  brothers  concerned  in 
this  sketch  crossed  the  jjlains  with  ox  teams, 
consuming  five  months  and  nine  days  on  the 
road,  but  they  reached  their  destination  safely, 
liaving  had  but  one  serious  trouble.  At  Fort 
Hall  the  cattle  stampeded  and  several  days 
were  spent  in   finding   them.     They   had   wan- 


dered some  forty  miles  from  camp.  There  were 
300  wagons  in  this  train,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Knight,  who  is  now  living  in  Pa- 
louse  county,  about  eighty-two  years  of  age. 
When  the  train  arrived  in  Walla  Walla  our  sub- 
ject and  Captain  Knight  formed  a  partnership, 
bought  laud  and  started  a  stock  ranch,  which 
they  continued  for  five  years,  at  which  time 
John  Braden  bought  out  Captain  Knight,  and 
then  began  the  partnership  of  the  jjraden 
Brothers.  They  now  own  over  205  acres  of 
valuable  land  two  and  one  half  miles  south  of 
Walla  Walla,  where  they  have  turned  their  at- 
tention to  grain,  hay  and  fruit  growing,  having 
an  orchard  of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  where  they 
conduct  a  successful  farming  business. 

Joseph  Braden  was  commissioned  by  Gov- 
ernor Gambell  of  Missouri  as  a  First  Lieutenant, 
and  this  commission  Mr.  Braden  keeps  as  a 
of  those  days  when  human  life  seemed  very 
cheap.  He  was  married  in  1876,  to  Matilda  Al- 
dridge,  who  had  been  born  in  Ireland,  of  English 
parents.  Her  father,  Captain  William  Aldridge, 
belonged  to  the  English  navy,  and  was  a  coast 
guard  in  Ireland  for  many  years,  serving  in 
the  British  naval  service  for  more  than  fifty  years. 
His  birth  was  in  Suffolk,  England,  and  he  mar- 
ried Mary  Braniley,  a  native  of  Danbury. 
Captain  Aldridge  died  in  England,  in  the  house 
in  which  he  was  born,  in  in  1873,  at  tiie  age  of 
seventy-eight  years,  his  wife  having  died  one 
year  previously,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five.  Mrs. 
Braden  came  to  America  in  1865  and  to  AVash- 
ington  in  1873.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Braden  have 
had  no  family.  The  same  home  shelters  the 
two  brothers,  as  Mr.  John  Braden  has  not  mar- 
ried. He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  post 
at  Walla  Walla;  and  Joseph  is  a  Prohibitionist, 
and  John  is  a  Republican. 

[[JfOLLAS    EDWARDS,  a   native   of    the 
|j=1     State  of  Oregon,  w^as  born  in  Polk  county, 
J     41    April    26,    1855.     His    father,    Samuel 
•^  Edwards,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  where 

he  married  Rebecca  A.  Wilson,  who  was  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois.  Samuel  Edwards  went  to  Illi- 
nois when  he  was  a  young  man,  and  after  marry- 
ing, started  for  Oregon  in  1851.  The  long  trip 
across  the  plains  was  made  by  o,x  team,  and  his 
settlement  in  Polk  county,  Oregon,  followed. 
There  the  family  lived  until  1873,  when  he  sold 


UISTOUY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


out  and  removed  to  Walla  Walla  county,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  settled  on  a  farm  three  and  one 
half  miles  south  of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  died 
in  1890,  at  the  a^e  of  sixty-four.  His  wife  died 
in  1855,  leaving  a  family  of  three  children,  of 
whom  Hollas  was  the  youngest.  The  father 
married  a  second  time  in  1873,  his  wife  being 
Mrs.  De  Haven,  and  four  children  resulted  from 
that  marriage.  Mrs.  Edwards  is  now  residing 
with  our  subject. 

Our  subject  came  to  Washington  with  his 
parents  in  1873;  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
took  the  management  of  his  own  affairs,  work- 
ing for  wages  until  he  had  accumulated  enough 
to  buy  a  piece  of  land  at  the  foot-hills.  After 
buying  and  selling  several  pieces  of  city  property 
in  Walla  Walla  and  running  a  transfer  wagon,  he 
removed  to  Oregon  a  year  later,  bought  a  tract 
there  and  then  returned  to  Walla  Walla.  At 
this  place  he  purchased  his  present  farm,  which 
he  has  been  successfully  developing  ever  since. 

Mr.  Edwards  was  married  April  30,  1876,  to 
Miss  Alice  De  Haven,  also  a  native  of  Oregon. 
Five  children  have  been  born  toour  subject  and 
wife,  but  two  of  them  have  been  removed  by 
accidental  death.  Clifford,  at  the  age  of  eight 
years  was  killed  by  being  tiirown  from  a  pony; 
and  Guy  was  killed  by  being  smothered  under 
a  sand-bank.  The  others,  Miles  H.,  Leroy  and 
Eurtie  are  bright  children.  Politically  'Mr. 
Edwards  is  a  Republican  and  cast  his  first  vote 
for  President  Hayes. 

In  October,  1893,  Mr.  Edwards  removed  to  a 
place  near  Bellevue,  Oregon,  whei'e  he  is  now 
residing. 

t-^ 


J  I  W.  HARBERT,  a  pioneer  of  Wash- 
ington and  a  successful  farmer  of  Walla 
—  Walla  county,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Indiana,  September  25,  1835.  His 
father,  Richard  J.  Harbert,  was  a  native  of 
Maryland  and  married  Miss  Mary  Zemmault  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  although  of  German  par- 
entage. After  marriage,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilarhert 
emigrated  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  having  been 
married  in  Indiana.  This  move  was  made  in 
1884,  and  there  they  lived  for  some  time,  Mr. 
Harbert  following  the  trade  of  carpenter.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  Mr.  Har]>ert, 
although  then  an  old  man,  enlisted  in  the  service 
and  went  to  do  battle  for  his  country.      He  was 


one  of  Iowa's  "Graybeards"  who  went  to  war,  and 
at  his  death  he  was  the  oldest  soldier  in  the 
State. 

After  the  war,  Mr.  Harbert  came  to  Washing- 
ton, but  in  1878  returned  to  Iowa.  In  1889  he 
again  located  in  Washington  and  died  soon  after 
his  arrival  here,  at  the  age  of  over  eighty-two 
years.  In  October,  1889,  Mrs.  Harbert  passed 
away,  aged  about  seventy-si.x.  They  had  a  fam- 
ily of  live  children,  four  of  whom  are  yet  liv- 
ing. 

Oar  subject  received  a  coinmon-school  educa- 
tion at  the  public  schools  of  Mount  Vernon, 
Iowa,  but  as  he  grew  older  and  recognized  the 
possibilities  of  the  West  he  grew  anxious  to  go 
thither.  In  1859  he  was  able  to  make  an  ar- 
rangement with  a  man  who  desired  a  driver  for 
an  ox  team  across  the  plains  and  thus  reached 
Washington  Territory  in  a  little  over  four 
months  from  the  time  of  starting.  He  was 
glad  to  have  reached  the  country  of  his  hopes 
although  he  had  not  a  dollar  in  money.  Soyn 
he  obtained  employment  on  a  farm  at  wages, 
working  for  Mr.  Russell  for  three  years.  By 
that  time  he  had  saved  enough  money  to  buy 
for  himself  a  team  of  oxen,  and  then  entered  into 
the  freighting  business  from  different  points  to 
the  mining  camps  in  the  mountains.  He  fol- 
lowed this  until  1866,  when  he  sold  out  his 
freight  outfit  and  bought  a  claim  of  160  acres, 
upon  which  he  now  lives,  lie  improved  that 
land  and  to-day  has  one  of  the  most  desirable 
homes  in  Walla  Walla  county,  four  miles  north- 
east of  the  city  of  that  name.  It  lies  along  Mill 
creek,  and  here  he  has  a  nice  two-story  residence, 
surrounded  i>y  a  well  kept  blue-grass  lawn, 
dotted  over  with  beautiful  roses.  Not  only  is 
our  subject  duly  proud  of  his  home,  but  he  has 
a  fine  tract  of  1,400  acres  of  rich  and  fertile  land 
which  he  has  purchased  and  added  to  his  home- 
stead. His  house  stands  in  the  center.  Mr. 
Harbert  is  a  very  successful  farmer  and  has 
1,100  acres  of  land  under  cultivation,  where  he 
raises  besides  great  crops  of  grain,  some  very 
fine  stock,  including  short-horn  cattle  and  some 
good  horses.- 

Our  subject  was  married  July  13,  1866,  to 
Miss  Emma  Evans,  a  native  of  Ohio  who  came 
to  Washington  in  1861.  They  crossed  the  plains 
with  ox  teams.  After  eleven  years  of"  happy 
married  life,  Mrs.  Harbert  died  January  5, 1878, 
leaving  a  family  of  six  children:  Frank,  Ida, 
Alvin,  Floy,  Homer  and  Liberty.  April  8, 
1884,  our  subject  married  Mrs.  Lizzie  De  Grolf, 


HISTOUT    OF    WAt<IIlNaTON. 


widow  of  John  De  Groff  and  a  native  of  Iowa. 
She  had  two  children:  Nellie  and  Grace  De 
Groff,  at  home  with  their  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harbert  have  had  two  children  born  to  them: 
Clifford  and  Hazel. 

Our  subject  lias  been  very  successful  in  life, 
has  worked  assiduously  and  lias  earned  his  rest. 
Politically  he  is  a  Eepublican  and  intelligently 
upholds  the  principles  of  that  party. 

GHAELES  E.  BUKROWS,  a  pioneer  of  the 
coast  and  a  prominent  business  man  of 
Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Troy,  New  York,  Jannary  12,  1828. 
He  was  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  ten  children 
born  to  Dr.  Charles  Eldridge  and  Sarah  A. 
(Gager)  Burrows,  natives  of  Connecticut  and 
New^  York,  respectively,  of  German  ancestry. 
Dr.  Burrows  died  while  a  young  man,  only 
reaching  his  forty-fourth  year,  but  Mrs.  Bur- 
rows lived  until  1884,  dying  at  the  age  of  eighty 
years.  Six  of  their  ten  children  are  yet  living, 
and  the  greater  number  of  tiiem  reside  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Our  s^ibject  lived  in  the  State  of  New  York 
until  he  was  twenty-four  years  old.  He  had  re- 
ceived instruction  in  the  common  schools.  In 
1851  he  started  for  the  Pacilic  coast  by  way  of 
the  Isthmus  and  landed  in  San  Francisco  in 
May,  1852.  After  landing  he  was  soon  em- 
ployed, his  first  work  being  assistance  in  the 
building  of  the  bridge  over  Sutter's  slough.  Fol- 
lowing this  he  opened  a  hotel  in  Sacramento,  re- 
signing that  business  to  become  bookkeper,  but 
later  he  became  interested  in  the  gas  business 
and  up  to  the  present  time  has  successfully  been 
so  employed  with  but  slight  intermissions.  He 
thorouglily  understands  this  business  and  has 
been  called  upon  to  put  in  plants  in  California, 
Oregon  and  Washington.  In  1870  he  put  in 
the  plant  at  Salem,  Oregon,  and  in  1875  he  went 
to  Carson  City,  Nevada,  and  straightened  out  the 
gas  business  there.  There  he  was  employed  fif- 
teen months  and  then  took  charge  of  a  bank  for 
his  brother-in-law,  which  position  he  held  for  six 
years.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  he  remained  for  three  years,  and  in  1885 
he  came  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  where  he 
has  since  lived. 

Since  coming  to  Washington  he  has  been  em- 
ployed in  the  gas  business.      In  1881  the  Walla 


Walla  Gas  Company  was  organized  by  Mr.  A. 
Pierce  and  C.  M.  Patterson,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $50,000,  but  in  1885  Mr.  Burrows  organized 
a  new  company,  calling  it  the  Walla  Walla  Gas 
and  Electric  Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$100,000.  He  purchased  the  old  plant  and  put 
in  the  electric-light  works.  The  company  are 
putting  in  two  large  Peltou  wheels  on  Mill 
creek,  live  miles  east  of  the  city.  This  provis- 
ion will  give  them  275-horse  power  for  the  opera- 
tion of  the  plant,  and  the  company  are  enlarging 
their  electric  works  at  heavy  cost.  They  have 
laid  5,500  feet  of  forty-eight  inch  pipe,  and  when 
completed  Walla  Walla  will  have  the  best  sys- 
tem of  electric  lights  in  the  west.  Mr.  Burrows 
may  have  the  credit  of  all  of  the  improvements 
in  that  line  of  the  city  of  Walla  Walla.  He  has 
been  manager  and  secretary  of  the  company  ever 
since  its  organization. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1861  to  Miss 
Frances  S.  Wadsworth,  a  native  of  Ohio  and  a 
descendant  of  Joseph  Wadsworth  of  Charter  Oak 
fame.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burrows  have  a  family  of 
four  children,  as  follows:  Mary  E.,  Ella  F., 
Charles  E.,  Jr.,  and  Albert  J.  All  of  those  are 
at  home  with  their  parents.  For  forty  years  our 
subject  has  been  an  Odd  Fellow,  is  a  member  of 
the  California  Grand  Lodge  and  has  tilled  all  of 
the  subordinate  positions.  Politically,  he  is  a 
niemher  of  the  Republican  party  and  intelli- 
gently views  hU  public  questions. 


HOMAS  PAUL,  a  pioneer  and    liouoretl 
citizen   of  Walla  Walla  county,  Washintr- 


T, 

I  ton,  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  West 
•f/  Virginia,  December  19,  1828.  His  father, 
Joseph  Paul,  was  a  native  of  the  same  State, 
and  married  Miss  Mary  Cummins,  also  a  Vir- 
ginian. In  1830  they  removed  to  Indiana, 
settling  in  Henry  county,  where  they  lived 
until  1845,  when  they  moved  to  Iowa  and 
settled  in  Wapello  county,  living  there  and  in 
Mahaska  county  until  1862.  Being  a  frontiers- 
man by  nature,  he  then  decided  to  try  a  new 
country,  and  with  ox  teams  crossed  the  plains 
to  Washington,  consuming  five  months  on  the 
way,  and  barely  escaping  from  the  Indians  on 
several  occasions.  Tlieir  train  lost  some  of  their 
men,  as  they  strayed  too  far.  Almost  all  of  tlie 
time  there  were  fifty  wagons  in  the  train,  and 
the  Indians  were  afraid  to  make  any  attack  on 
so  large  a  company. 


HISTORY    OP    WAJSHINOTON. 


After  their  arrival  in  Wasliiugton,  Mr.  Paul 
settled  on  Dry  creek,  in  Walla  Walla  county, 
and  here  lie  died  in  the  spring  of  1885,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-nine  years,  his  wife  surviving 
him  until  1887,  when  she  died  at  the  age  of 
eighty-one  years.  They  reared  a  family  of 
seven  children,  and  oui'  subject  was  the  third 
child  of  the  family,  only  three  of  whom  are  yet 
surviving. 

Our  suljject  had  always  lived  near  his  father's 
home,  and  when  the  latter  began  to  plan  for 
the  far-off  trip  he  decided  to  accompany  him, 
did  60,  and  settled  in  the  same  locality.  During 
the  long  trip  overland  the  wife  of  Mr.  Paul 
died.  Her  sickness  was  of  short  duration,  and 
her  body  had  to  be  left  buried  alone  on  the 
great  plain.  After  reaching  Washington,  our 
subject  bought  a  right  to  160  acres,  proved  up 
the  land,  and  ever  since  has  continued  here, 
where  he  now  has  430  acres  of  fine  land  in  the 
Dry  creek  bottoms  of  Walla  Walla  valley. 
Here  he  has  made  many  improvements;  has 
erected  a  nice  residence,  barn  and  all  of  the  out- 
buildings necessary  for  the  proper  conducting 
of  a  lirst-class  farm,  and  heie  he  sefures  great 
yields  of  grain  and  hay  and  also  some  tine 
stock. 

Owing  to  the  pioneer  settlements  made  by 
his  father,  he  never  had  much  chance  for  an 
education,  and  has  been  obliged  to  get  along 
with  what  was  imparted  to  him  in  the  little  log 
schoolhouse  of  Indiana.  He  was  first  married, 
in  1849,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Mortimore,  a  native 
of  Indiana,  and  she  died  on  the  plains  in  1862. 
She  left  five  children,  as  follows:  Louisa  J., 
now  the  wife  of  T.  W.  Estes,  in  Oregon;  Mel- 
vina,  the  wife  of  li.  W.  Doke;  Isaac  E.,  at 
home  with  his  father;  Harriet  E.,  the  wife  of  J. 
L.  Peed,  residing  at  Port  Angeles,  Washing- 
ton; Martha  A.,  who  married  George  W. 
Stowell,  but  is  now  deceased,  as  is  also  Lucinda, 
who  was  the  wife  of  James  II.  Story,  of 
southern  Oregon. 

Mr.  Paul  was  married,  in  1863,  to  Mrs.  Susan 
Zaring,  the  widow  of  Eli  Zaring.  Her  maiden 
name  was  Susan  Ellis,  and  she  was  a  native  of 
Virginia,  who  moved  to  Iowa  in  1851,  and 
came  to  Washington  in  1862.  She  had  one 
daughter  by  her  first  marriage,  Sarah,  who 
became  the  wife  of  Joshua  A.  Howard,  now  of 
Milton,  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  have  four 
children:  William  D.,  at  home;  Emma  F., 
living  with  her  uncle  at  Olympia;  Eva  L. ;  and 
Ida  S.,  wife   of  Prof.  E.    H.   Thompson,    now 


lives  at  Kendricks,  Idaho.  Eva  L.  is  teaching 
school  in  the  county.  Another  member  of  the 
family  is  a  little  granddaughter,  Dora  Paul,  a 
daughter  of  Isaac. 

Our  subject  has  had  many  troubles,  and  it 
required  much  management  to  secure  a  start  in 
a  new  country  with  a  large  family,  but  he  has 
succeeded,  and  may  be  proud  of  his  family  of 
boys  and  girls.  For  the  last  thirty  years  he 
has  been  a  local  preacher  and  officiates  when  he 
is  called  upon,  believing  this  to  be  his  duty. 

The  first  presidential  vote  of  our  subject 
was  cast  for  James  Buchanan,  but  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  Ilebellion  he  changed  his  views  and 
has  since  that  time  been  a  straight-out  Kepub- 
lican.  He-  has  never  devoted  much  time  to 
politics,  merely  voting  to  assist  in  the  election 
of  the  men  who  will  do  the  best  work  for  the 
country. 


d|0SEPH  McEVOY,  one  of  the  oldest 
I  settlers  of  Walla  Walla  county,  Wash- 
^  ington,  and  an  old  soldier  of  the  Indian 
war3  of  the  coast,  is  our  subject.  He  was  born 
in  Ireland,  in  May,  1832,  and  was  the  oldest 
son  of  a  family  of  five  children  born  to  Patrick 
and  Bridget  McEvoy.  Our  subject  lived  in 
Ireland  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
securing  such  educational  advantagas  as  were 
afforded  by  the  common  schools  of  that  country. 
He  was,  however,  too  ambitious  to  be  satisfied 
there,  and  sailed  for  America,  landing  in  New 
York,  July  11,  1850.  After  one  year  in  New 
York  our  subject  enlisted  in  the  United  States 
army,  the  date  being  December  24,  1851,  and 
he  was  placed  in  the  mounted  rifles,  and  was 
later  transferred  to  the  First  Dragoons.  He  was 
then  sent  to  Fort  Lane,  Oregon,  where  he  soon 
was  called  upon  to  participate  in  the  Indian 
wars.  He  served  through  1855-'56,  during 
which  time  he  had  been  in  many  battles  and 
skirmishes  with  tiie  savages.  Two  of  the 
battles  were  known  to  history  as  Hungry  Hill 
and  Evans  Creek. 

During  his  frontier  service  he  was  engaged  all 
along  the  coast,  was  marched  from  Fort  Lane  to 
Vancouver,  then  to  The  Dalles,  where  they 
spent  one  winter,  and  then  into  Washington, 
camping  at  Walla  Walla,  where  an  att-empt  was 
made  to  treat  with  the  Indians,  but  although 
Governor  Sfeveng  remained  all  one  winter  in 
camp  trying  to    accomplish   a  treaty     nothing 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


could  be  done,  and  wiien  he  started  for  home  he 
was  surrounded  by  Indians  on  Russell  creek, 
and  would  have  undoubtedly  massacred  if  the 
troops  had  not  arrived  in  time  to  rescue  him. 

After  Mr.  McEvoy's  term  of  enlistment  had 
expired  he  was  discharged,  and  then  went  to 
work  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  where 
he  remained  live  years,  thus  making  ten  years 
of  service  for  Uncle  Sam.  He  then  took  up  a 
claim  on  Garrison  creek,  four  miles  southwest 
of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  still  lives,  being  one 
of  the  oldest  settlers  in  the  county,  having 
come  to  Walla  Walla  when  there  were  no  houses 
in  the  place. 

Our  subject  was  married,  March  10,  1859, 
to  Miss  Eliza  Bann,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who 
came  to  America  in  1856,  and  they  have  a 
family  of  nine  children,  as  follows:  Patrick, 
now  living  in  Portland;  Charles,  in  Farming- 
ton;  Sarah,  Kate,  John,  George,  David,  Mary, 
and  William. 

Fur  a  man  who  arrived  in  this  country  with 
only  a  six-pence  in  his  pocket,  he  has  done  well, 
having  become  a  man  of  means  and  one  who  is 
respected  the  county  over. 

qRANT  COPELAND.oneof  theenterpris- 
r  ing  and  industrious  young  farmers  of 
Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  was 
^  born  in  Walla  Walla  county,  March  31, 
18G6,  and  now  resides  on  the  old  homestead 
where  he  was  born  and  where  he  was  reared. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  district 
xmtil  he  was  grown  and  then  completed  his  ed- 
ucation at  the  Whitman  College  of  Walla  Walla. 
He  is  the  youngest  son  of  eight  children  born 
to  Henry  S.  and  Mary  A.  (Morton)  Copeland,  the 
former  a  native  of  Vermont  and  the  latter  of 
Illinois.  They  crossed  the  plains  in  1849  to 
California. 

Our  subject  was  the  youngest  of  the  family 
and  fell  heir  to  the  old  home  of  430  acres,  200 
of  which  is  in  cultivation  and  the  rest  in  pas- 
ture. Here  he  raises  on  an  average  about  6,000 
bushels  of  grain  every  year.  He  handles  some 
cattle  and  secures  quite  a  handsome  revenue 
from  that  source,  taking  great  pride  in  his  farm, 
which  is  as  well  regulated  as  any  in  the  county. 
He  has  a  good  residence  and  a  large  barn,  with 
a  place  for  everything  and  with  everything  in 
its  proper  place. 


Our  subject  was  married  May  21,  1891  to 
Miss  Bessie  Cameron,  also  born  in  Walla  Walla 
county,  a  highly  accomplished  and  charming 
young  lady.  Her  descent  is  Scotch,  she  being 
the  daughter  of  Hon.  Alexander  Cameron.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Copeland  have  one  little  child,  Ger- 
trude Elinor,  born  March  1, 1882,  a  bright  little 
one,  the  pride  of  the  home.  Our  subject  is  a 
member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Walla  Walla  Lodge, 
where  he  is  a  valued  member.  l*olitically  he  is 
a  Republican  and  one  of  the  most  respected 
young  citizens  of  the  county. 


TIeFFERSON  JENNINGS.— Brought  to 
>5-  I  this  State  at  the  early  agaof  nine  years  by 
V^  his  parents,  Mr.  Jennings  has  grown  witii 
the  country  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  welfare. of  his  adopted  State. 
He  was  born  in  Wapello  county,  Iowa,  Septem- 
ber 17,  1856,  son  of  Pascal  and  M.  J.  (White) 
Jennings,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio  and  Ken- 
tucky, who  settled  in  Iowa,  where  they  remained 
until  the  spring  of  1865,  when  they  crossed  the 
plains  with  an  ox  team,  their  destination  being 
Washington  Territory.  After  a  journey  of  six 
months  they  landed  in  Walla  Walla  county  and 
settled  on  a  farm  near  the  town  of  that  name, 
remaining  several  years.  They  then  removed 
to  Whitman  county,  where  they  yet  reside.  Of 
the  ten  children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jennings, 
Sr.,  our  subject  is  the  second,  and  six  of  the 
family  are  yet  living. 

Jefferson  Jennings  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
later  tiuishing  his  course  of  instruction  at  the 
Whitman  College,  of  Walla  Walla.  At  the 
early  age  of  nineteen  he  was  married,  in  1875, 
to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Corkrum,  but  after  nine  years 
of  happy  married  life  his  wife  died,  in  1884. 
leaving  iiiin  with  three  little  ones:  (.)llie,  Mary, 
and  Rosa  F.  In  1887  he  was  again  married, 
his  second  wife  being  Mrs.  Clara  Buchner,  a  na- 
tive of  Washington,  and  one  child.  Hansel  II., 
is  the  fruit  of  this  union. 

Alter  his  first  marriage  Mr.  Jennings  began 
life  for  himself  on  a  farm,  but  in  1885  he  sold 
that  property,  removed  to  Walla  Walla  and  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  business  on  Main  street, 
between  First  and  Second  streets,  where  he  has 
succeeded  in  building  up  a  tine  trade  by  his  close 
attention  to  business  and  pleasant  and  obliging 


UlS'lOHY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


iiianners.  He  carries  a  line  stock  of  groceries 
and  does  a  business  of  from  §32,000  to  §40.000 
per  year.  It  is  his  endeavor  to  furnish  his  pa- 
trons with  the  best  the  market  affords,  at  the  low- 
est possible  prices.  In  addition  to  his  business 
he  owns  his  comfortable  residence,  in  Walla 
Walla,  where  he  and  his  estimable  wife  dispense 
hospitality  to  their  many  friends.  Socially,  he 
is  connected  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  which  order 
he  has  held  all  the  offices  in  the  subordinate 
lodge,  being  now  Chief  Patriarch  of  AValla  Walla 
Encampment.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Woodmen  of  the  World,  which  is  a  benevolent 
order,  in  wljich  he  carries  an  insuraiice  policy 
for  the  benefit  of  his  family  in  case  of  his  death. 
In  political  matters  he  is  a  strong  Republican, 
holding  to  the  faith  of  that  party  upon  any  and 
all  occasions.  He  was  before  the  County  Con- 
vention for  the  nomination  for  Sheriff  and  re- 
ceived a  warm  support,  but  was  defeated  by  a 
few  votes.  For  so  young  a  man  Mr.  Jennings 
has  accumulated  considerable  property,  and  all 
things  point  to  bis  becoming  one  of  the  moneyed 
men  of  Walla  Walla.  In  all  his  business  rela- 
tions he  pursues  a  line  of  strict  integrity  and 
has  won,  l)y  his  honest  mode  of  action,  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  all  who  have  dealings  with 
him. 


FT  ON.  ALEXANDER  CAMERON,  one  of 

IrH,  the  most  respected  among  the  pioneers  of 
J  i  Walla  Walla  county.  Washington,  is  the 
-f/  subject  of  the  present  sketch.      He    was 

born  in  Rossshire,  Scotland,  May  15,  1W37,  and 
lived  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  receiving  a  common-school  educa- 
tion. His  father,  John  Cameron,  was  a  shep- 
herd in  his  native  country,  there  married  Bessie 
McClennan,  and  died  in  1839.  His  wife  lived 
until  1882,  when  she  died  in  Illinois,  where  she 


had    been    abiding   with    her    children,   havii 


reached  the  age  of  about  100  years.  Ten  chil- 
dren were  born  to  these  parents  and  our  subject 
was  the  youngest  of  the  family. 

In  185-i  Mr.  Cameron  crossed  the  sea  with 
his  family,  stopping  first  in  Canada,  but  that 
country  did  not  suit  him;  therefore  he  went  to 
Chicago,  where  he  remained  about  six  months. 
He  went  from  there  to  Henry  county,  Illinois, 
and  commenced  to  farm,  remaining  in  that  and 
in  Bureau  counties  for  four  years.  In  1862  he 
went  to  Iowa  and  worked  one  year  in    the  coal 


mines,  and  then  made  up  his  mind  to  go  to  the 
coast  country.  In  1868  he  crossed  the  plains 
with  ox  teams.  A  company  of  Scotchmen  was 
organized  with  thirteen  wagons,  and  it  was 
named  the  Scotch  train.  Mr.  Cameron  had  no 
team  of  his  own,  but  came  with  his  father-in- 
law  and  assisted  in  driving  his  teams.  They 
came  to  Walla  Walla  county  and  took  up  a 
homestead  three  miles  south  of  town  where  he 
now  lives,  but  has  added  to  his  farm  until  he 
has  270  acres  of  valuable  land,  which  would 
command  a  high  price,  being  so  near  the  city. 
He  is  farming  his  land  and  raises  on  an  average 
3,000  bushels  of  grain  a  year. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1863,  before  leav- 
ing Iowa,  in  Council  Bluffs,  to  Miss  Janette 
McRae,  a  young  Scotch  lady  of  education  and 
refinement.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Alexander 
and  Jane  (Bain)  McRae,  all  of  them  natives  of 
Scotland.  Both  of  the  parents  of  Mrs.  Cam- 
eron died  in  this  State, — the  mother  in  1852,  at 
the  age  of  seventy-seven,  and  the  fatjjer  in  1889, 
at  the  age  of  eiglity-four. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cameron  have  had  nine  chil- 
dren,as  follows:  John  A.,  now.  Assistant  Warden 
of  the  Washington  Penitentiary;  Jane  died  in 
1879,  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years;  Donald; 
Bessie,  the  wife  of  Grant  Copeland;  Bell,  the 
wife  of  Mordo  McDonald,  of  Union  county, 
Oregon;  Maggie;  Jessie;  George;  and  Hattie. 
When  Mr.  Cameron  arrived  in  Washington  he 
had  twenty-five  cents  in  money,  and  from  that 
he  had  to  build  up  his  fortune.  He  now  has  a 
good  farm  and  comfortable  situation.  He  has 
never  sought  any  political  favors,  but  in  Augnst, 
1892,  the  Republicans  of  the  district  decided 
that  he  was  a  suitable  man  to  send  to  the  Legis- 
lature and  he  was  elected,  even  in  a  Democratic 
district.  Our  subject  is  prominently  connected 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

P;ATRICK  LYONS,  one  of  Walla  Walla's 
leading  farmers  and  early  pioneers,  was 
born  in  Ireland  on  the  first  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1835.  He  is  the  second  of  eight 
children  born  to  Michael  and  Bridget  (Burke) 
Lyons,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  died  in 
1882,  aged  seventy  years,  his  wife  surviving 
him  until  1885,  when  she  clied,  aged  seventy 
years.  Until  he  attained  his  majority  our  sub- 
ject  remained   in    his   native  land,  but  at  that 


UltiTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


time  he  emigrated  to  Australia,  to  endeavor  to 
obtain  a  fortune  in  the  mining  regions  of  that 
country,  leaving  his  birthplace  in  1856.  Dur- 
ing the  eleven  years  that  he  remained  in  Aus- 
tralia he  made  some  money,  but  misfortune 
finally  overtook  him,  causing  him  to  lose  all  he 
had  accumulated,  and  he  returned  to  Ireland, 
richer  in  experience,  but  not  in  pocket.  After 
three  years  spent  in  Ireland  he  decided  to  try 
his  fortune  again,  selecting  America  this  time 
as  his  field  of  operation.  Therefere,  in  1869, 
he  embarked  for  the  new  country,  lauding  in 
New  York  city.  Here  he  secured  passage  for 
San  Francisco,  via  the  Isthmus.  He  only  re- 
mained in  California  a  few  days,  as  he  had 
decided  to  settle  in  Washington  Territory.  In 
the  spring  of  1870  he  located  in  Walla  Walla 
county,  and  at  once  took  up  a  claim  of  160 
acres  of  land  within  eight  miles  of  Walla  Walla, 
on  Mill  creek,  where  he  now  has  a  farm  of  2,000 
acres  of  as  line  land  as  can  be  found  in  the 
county,  about  1,700  acres  of  which  is  in  a  fine 
state  of  cultivation.  On  this  land  he  has  a 
good  residence  and  large  barn,  situated  on  the 
banks  of  the  pretty  little  stream  that  flows 
through  his  property.  A  good  orchard  and  all 
the  necessary  outbuildings  are  also  found  here, 
while  everything  is  in  a  most  excellent  con- 
dition. When  he  purchased  his  present  farm 
he  paid  ^30  per  acre  for  it;  now  it  is  worth 
5560  per  acre.  Besides  his  farming  interests  he 
owns  in  Walla  Walla,  on  Dr.  Newell  street,  a 
tine  residence,  for  which  he  paid  $5,000.  Here 
he  resides  during  the  winter  in  order  to  obtain 
educational  advantages  for  his  children.  All 
of  his  large  farm  is  under  his  personal  super- 
vision, and  he  raises  an  average  of  25,000  bushels 
of  grain  annually,  and  also  raises  all  the  stock 
necessary  to  carry  on  so  large  a  farm.  It  is 
very  convenient  for  him  to  dispose  of  his  grain, 
as  the  narrow-gauge  road  passes  very  near 
his  place;  and  as  its  purpose  is  to  transport  the 
grain  of  his  neighborhood  to  the  large  cities, 
Mr.  Lyons  is  spared  the  trouble  of  hauling  it 
himself. 

Mr.  Lyons  was  married  in  1866,  to  Miss 
Frances  Fahaly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  with  whom 
he  became  acquainted  in  Australia,  and  there 
married.  Since  their  marriage  Mr.  Lyons  has 
always  found  her  a  willing  and  efficient  help- 
mate for  him  in  the  accumulation  of  the  large 
fortune  he  now  possesses.  Eleven  children  have 
blessed  their  union,  namely:  Anna;  Dalie,  wife 
of    J.  P.  Kent;  John,  Mary,  Thomas,  Frances, 


Katie,  Terasa,  Joseph,  Ned,  and  Grace, — all 
at  home  except  the  married  daughter,  who  is 
living  in  Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Lyons  has  been 
very  successful  in  his  business  ventures,  al- 
thougli  when  he  landed  in  California  his  cash 
capital  was  represented  by  about  $1,000.  Now 
he  counts  his  wealth  by  the  thousands. 


d[0IIN  TRACY,  one  of  the  prominent  and 
enterprising  pioneers  of  the  coast  country, 
-^  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  having  been  born 
there  April  9,  1825,  son  of  Lawrence  and  Katie 
(Linch)  Tracy.  The  father  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation,  and  died  in  1848.  His  wife  sur- 
vived him  until  1886,  when  her  death  occurred. 
Of  the  eight  children  born  to  these  parents,  our 
subject  was  the  second  child  and  only  son  of 
the  family-  He  received  a  common-school  edu- 
cation in  his  native  land,  but  in  1849  left  Ire- 
land and  came  to  America,  first  locating  in 
Philadelphia.  He  engaged  in  the  coal  mines 
of  Pennsylvania  for  some  months,  when  he  en- 
gaged with  the  Pennsylvania  Central  Railroad. 
Liking  railroad  work,  he  later  removed  to  More- 
land,  and  was  employed  by  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad. 

In  the  month  of  July,  1855,  our  subject  en- 
listed in  the  Ninth  Regiment,  United  States 
Army,  and  started  for  Fort  Vancouver,  where 
he  arrived  the  following  year,  just  in  time  to 
assist  in  subduing  the  hostile  Indians  in  all  of 
the  battles  which  took  place  in  that  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  in  that  section  of  country.  After 
a  faithful  service  he  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge at  Walla  Walla,  Washington.  So  pleased 
was  he  with  the  country  that  he  took  up  160 
acres  of  fine  land  situated  on  Mill  creek,  seven 
miles  east  of  the  city  of  Walla  Walla.  Since 
locating  here  he  has  improv^ed  and  added  to  his 
acreage  until  he  is  now  the  possessor  of  800 
acres  of  excellent  land  which  he  farms  himself, 
raising  an  average  of  12,000  bushels  of  grain 
per  year,  in  addition  to  large  numbers  of  cattle 
and  horses. 

All  of  this  prosperity  has  not  been  unshared, 
as  since  October,  1866,  our  subject  has  had  a 
most  faithful  wife  in  the  person  of  Eliza  J. 
(Hendricks)  Tracy,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who 
came  to  Washington  in  1864.  Eight  children 
have  been  added  to  the  family,  namely:  Law- 
rence; John,  who  died  in  1880;  Mary,  wife  of 


in  STORY    OF    WASUINQTON. 


409 


Frank  Eiigram;  Catharine;  Eliza;  and  Ellen, — 
all  at  home  except  one.  From  a  careful  study 
of  our  subject.  Mr.  Tracy  believes  that  the  only 
way  to  secure  the  prospei'ity  of  the  country  is 
for  the  American  industries  to  be  pi-otected,  and 
to  this  end  lie  uses  his  jjolitical  influence  and 
casts  his  vote. 

FS.  WITT,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
coast,  was  born  in  Wayne  county.  Indi- 
ana, February  21,  1845.  His  father,  C. 
Witt,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee  and  mar- 
ried Frances  Sweet,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Mr. 
Witt  was  a  physician  and  surgeon,  and  practiced 
in  Indiana  for  a  number  of  years,  but  in  1858 
he  took  liis  family  to  Oregon  by  way  of  the 
Isthmus  and  New  York.  After  landing  in 
Portland  Mr.  Witt  moved  to  Benton  county, 
near  Corvallis,  and  lived  there  until  the  spring 
of  1859,  and  then  moved  to  the  Sound,  near 
Seattle,  where  he  bought  a  claim,  giving  a  yoke 
of  oxen  in  payment.  This  was  the  site  of  Ken- 
ton, and  on  this  160  acres  the  first  coal  was  dis- 
covered. He  lived  on  this  place  only  six  months, 
then  sold  and  moved  to  California.  The  trip 
was  made  with  oxen,  and  when  Mr.  Witt  reached 
that  State  he  was  not  as  well  pleased  as  he  had 
been  with  Oregon;  therefore  he  retraced  his 
steps  and  located  in  Benton  county,  where  he 
remained  until  186-1.  From  there  he  Ment  to 
,  Marion  county,  remaining  two  years,  when  he 
came  to  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  in 
1866,  and  settled  on  Kussell  creek,  living  in 
this  pleasant  locality  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1870,  at  which  time  he  had 
attained  the  age  of  sixty-eight  years.  His  wife 
survived  him  until  February,  1892,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy- tliree  years.  They  had  a 
family  of  eiojit  children. 

The  subjict  cif  this  sketch  was  the  sixth  child 
and  is  one  of  the  four  yet  living.  He  received  a 
common -school  education.  He  married  Miss 
Ellen  Hall,  a  native  of  Oregon,  whose  parents 
came  across  the  plains  in  1845,  and  were  of  the 
party  that  barely  escaped  starvation  in  the 
noted  Meek  cut-off,  where  so  many  perished 
from  starvation.  The  first  business  int"  which 
our  subject  entered  after  locating  in  this  State 
was  mining  in  the  Bitter  Root  mountains,  above 
Lewiston,  Idaho,  an  occupation  which  he  fol- 
lowed one  year.     He  then  engaged  in  the  pack- 


ing business  from  Umatilla  Landing  to  Idaho 
City,  and  had  fair  success  both  in  packing  and 
in  mining.  IIa\iiio  slaved  some  money,  he  re- 
turned home  and  iiiii\ed  his  little  family  to 
Walla  Walla  c.ninty.  Washington,  and  took  up 
a  homestead,  where  he  now  lives.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  farming,  and  as  fast  as  his 
means  have  accumulated  he  has  added  more 
land,  until  he  'now  owns  300  acres,  which  he 
has  under  the  best  state  of  cultivation.  Here 
he  has  erected  a  nice  residence,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,G00,  and  a  very  large  barn,  in  which  he  can 
shelter  cattle  and  take  care  of  his  farm  prod- 
ucts. In  fact  he  has  here  everything  needed 
on  a  large  and  well-regulated  farm.  The  place 
is  considered  worth  $20,000. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Witt  have  had  four  children, 
but  that  dread  disease,  diphtheria,  invaded  the 
pleasant  home  and  three  of  the  little  lives  were 
sacrificed,  only  Walter  H.  being  left.  Our  sub- 
ject has  been  a  hard-working  man  and  has  ac- 
cumulated a  competence  which  places  liim  in 
comfortable  circumstances,  but  it  has  all  been 
acquired  by  good  management  and  honest,  hard 
work.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  best  citizens  of  the  county. 


REWSTER  FERREL,  a  pioneer  of  the 

I  coast  and  one  of  the  most  respected 
farmers  of  Walla  Walla  county,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Trumbull  co'unty,  Oliio, 
August  22,  1838.  His  father  was  Edward  Fer- 
rel,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  who  married  Miss 
Rosela  Fish,  a  native  of  Ohio.  He  removed  to 
Iowa  in  1854  and  there  engaged  in  farming, 
dying  in  1864,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years. 
Mrs.  Ferrel  died  in  1881,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
five"  years.  They  had  a  family  of  ten  children, 
of  whom  our  sul)ject  was  the  third  child.  iS'ine 
of  the  family  are  yet  living. 

Our  subject  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion in  Ohio  and  in  Iowa,  in  which  latter  State 
he  lived  for  ten  years,  engaged  in  working  on  a 
farm.  In  1864  he  came  to  Washington,  cross- 
ing the  plains  with  a  mule  team  and  making 
the  trip  in  four  months.  He  bought  eighty 
acres  of  land  where  he  noAv  lives,  but  not  having 
means  he  was  obliged  to  move  slowly  before  he 
could  really  get  a  start.  By  close  economy, 
good  management  and  industry,  he  was  able  to 
pay  for  his  eighty  acres,  and  now  owns  a  farm  of 


410 


IIISTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1,600  acres,  upon  which  he  has  a  good  farm 
house  and  barn  with  all  necessary  improvements. 
He  now  farms  1,000,  acres,  from  which  he  gets 
from  12,000  to  20,000  bushels  of  grain  every 
year,  and  he  handles  some  horses  and  cattle  in 
connection  with  his  farming. 

Our  subject  has  been  a  very  successful  man 
since  he  made  his  home  in  Washington,  but 
what  he  has  accomplished  has  been  the  result  of 
his  own  industry  and  good  business  manage- 
ment.   He  is  much  respected  in  the  community. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Iowa,  in  18(51,  to 
Miss  Caroline  Batt,  a  native  of  Ohio.  She  has 
taken  a  great  pride  in  assisting  her  husband  in 
"getting  on  in  the  world"  and  cheerfully  accom- 
panied him  across  the  plains.  They  have  had  a 
family  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Thomas 
J.;  Ellen,  the  wife  of  Walter  Barnett,  now  liv- 
ing in  the  Palouse  country;  Seth;  David  ;  Joseph; 
Cordelia,  the  wife  of  Charles  Maxson;  and  Min- 
nie. All  the  children  are  at  home  except  the 
two  married  daughters. 

— ^^*-^®"®:^""'^^      " 

'jr\\E.  CHARLES  S.  PENFIELD,  a  promi- 
I  J]  nent  physician  of  Spokane,  is  a  son  of 
*^  Dr.  E.  P.  and  Louisa  (Smith)  Peniieid, 
and  was  born  in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  in  1857, 
the  oldest  in  a  family  of  three  children.  His 
parents  were  both  natives  of  Ohio,  both  his 
paternal  and  maternal  grandfatliers  having 
emigrated  from  New  York  to  Ohio  at  an  early 
day,  and  settled  in  Huron  county.  The  elder 
Dr.  Penfield  was  educated  at  Norwalk,  studied 
medicine  at  Cleveland,  and  in  1857  began 
practice  at  Newark.  A  few  years  later  he 
located  at  Bucyrus,  where  he  remained  until 
1890,  and  that  year  joined  his  son  at  Spokane, 
and  has  since  resided  here.  For  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  various  medical  societies  in 
Ohio,  and  at  one  time  was  offered  a  professor- 
ship at  his  alma  mater  at  Cleveland;  he,  how- 
ever, declined,  pressing  duties  at  home  requiring 
his  attention. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  literary 
education,  and  graduated  at  Oberlin,  Ohio. 
After  studying  medicine  under  his  father's 
instructions  for  a  time,  he  entered  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  Chicago,  in  1878,  and  gradu- 
ated in  February,  1880.  He  at  once  began 
practice  in  the  hospital  in  that  city.  He  was 
house   surgeon   in    the   hospital   one   year,   was 


associated  with  Professor  Hawks  one  year,  and 
for  a  year  and  a  half  practiced  alone.  He  then 
spent  a  year  in  Kansas  City,  returned  to  Chicago 
for  a  short  time,  and  from  there  went  to 
Montana,  where  he  remained  seven  months 
recruiting  his  health.  In  the  spring  of  1883 
he  located  permanently  in  Spokane,  this  city 
then  being  a  town  of  only  about  1,000  inhabit- 
ants; and  here  he  has  since  been  engaged  in 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession.  He  is  now 
president  of  the  Spokane  Homeopathic  Medical 
Society,  is  a  member  of  the  State  Association, 
and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  as  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners.  The 
Doctor  makes  a  specialty  of  surgical  cases,  at 
the  same  time  doing  a  general  practice.  He 
has  been  very  successful  in  the  treatment  of 
pulmonary  diseases. 

Dr.  Penfield  was  married  in  December,  1880, 
to  Aliss  Jennie  J.  Jefl'erson,  a  native  of  Wiscon- 
sin and  a  daughter  of  A.  E.  Jefferson.  Her 
father  was  born  in  New  York,  and  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  Wisconsin.  They  have  three 
children:  Herbert,  Ruth  and  Wilder.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W. ;  politically,  a  Republican.  He  has 
served  as  (^out)ty  Coroner  four  yeai-s. 


-^€: 


dloSIAIl  S.  BROWN,  of  Spokane,  Wash 
ington,  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Sunbury, . 
in  the  British  jjrovince  of  New  Brunswick, 
and  from   the  age  of  nine  years  was  reared  in 
Linneus,  Aroostook  county,  Maine. 

July  2,  1861,  Mr.  Brown  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  first  company  organized  in  Aroostook 
county — Company  A,  Seventh  Maine  Volun- 
teers. At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlist- 
ment he  was  honorably  discharged,  July  12, 
1863.  He  then  re-enlisted  for  three  years,  in 
the  "Veterans,"  and  after  being  mustered  out 
joined  the  Engineer  Battalion  of  the  United 
States  Army,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
He  participated  in  the  Modoc  war  in  Idaho, 
and  for  gallantry  in  action,  January  17,  1873, 
was  specially  mentioned  in  dispatches. 

Mr.  Brown  has  been  in  Washington  most  of 
the  time  since  1878.  He  came  to  Spokane  in 
December,  1882,  and  has  since  been  identified 
with  the  interests  of  this  growing  city.  He  was 
elected   Assessor  of  Spokane  in   1890,  on    the 


in  STORY    OF    W.ASIIINGTON. 


Republican  ticket,  and  served  one  term  of  two 
yej.rs.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  Reno 
PoBt,  No.  47,  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  now  serving  as 
Department  Commander,  this  department  com- 
prising both  Washington  and  Alaska. 


II)  NORTON  DAVIS,  a  prominent  phy- 
j.,  sician  of  Spokane,  was  born  in  Ontario, 
51  Canada,  in  1861,  a  son  of  A.  J.  and 
Louisa  A.  (Norton)  Davis,  natives  respectively 
of  Canada  and  New  York.  They  still  reside  in 
Canada,  and  the  father  is  a  farnjer  by  occnpa- 
tion. 

W.  N.  Davis,  the  third  in  a  family  of  four 
children,  was  educated  in  the  high  school  of  his 
native  place.  He  afterward  began  the  study  of 
medicine  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  where  he 
attended  two  courses,  passed  the  examination, 
but,  on  account  of  not  having  reached  his 
twenty-tirst  year,  could  not  secure  a  diploma. 
In  J  881  he  graduated  at  a  homeopathic  col- 
lege in  Chicago,  after  which  he  practiced  medi- 
cine in  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  eighteen  months. 
Mr.  Davis  next  went  to  Canada  to  complete  his 
studies,  and  in  1884  graduated  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  at  Toronto.  He 
then  practiced  in  Los  Angeles,  California,  five 
years;  thence  removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  was 
burned  out;  and  in  1889  came  to  Spokane.  A 
few  weeks  after  locating  here  he  suilered  the 
loss  of  nearly  lii>  entire  possessions  in  the  great 
fire.  Mr.  Davis  has  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice,  which  is  still  rapidly  increasing,  and 
he  is  making  a  specialty  of  chronic  diseases. 
He  does  an  exclusively  office  practice. 


D\R.  PETER  J.  GERLACH,  a  practicing 
I  physician  of  Spokane,  Washington,  dates 
— -  his  birth  in  the  year  1858,  at  Kingston, 
New  York.  lie  was  the  third  born  in  a  family 
of  four  children,  his  parents  being  Philip  and 
Lucinda  Gerlach.  Both  pai-ents  died  when  the 
Doctor  was  small.  He  received  his  education 
at  Schenectady,  New  York;  at  Rutgers  College, 
New  Brunswick.  New  Jersey;  and  at  Oberlin, 
Ohio,  after  which  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  graduated  there 
in  1886.     Immediately  after  his  graduation    he 


began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that  city. 
The  following  year  he  came  West  and  located 
in  Spokane,  and  here  he  has  since  conducted  a 
successful  practice.  In  the  great  fire  that  swept 
Spokane  he  was  burned  out,  and  he  has  been 
burned  out  once  since  then.  Notwithstanding 
these  losses,  he  has  made  some  successful  in- 
vestments and  owns  considerable  property.  He 
is  the  proprietor  of  two  ranches  and  a  number 
of  city  lots. 

L)r.  Gerlach  is  a  member  of  both  the  State 
and  County  Medical  Societies,  has  held  office  in 
both,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  association 
work.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  and  of  the  orders  of  Knight  of  Pythias 
and  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  made  a  Knight  of 
Pythias  in  Cincinnati  in  1886,  is  now  a  member 
of  Falls  City  Lodge,  No.  40.  and  is  Past 
Chancellor,  and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  same. 
He  joined  the  Odd  Fellows  that  same  year, 
Ohio  Lodge,  No.  1. 

JOHN  SANDERS,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
the  great  State  of  Washington,  was  born 
in  Monroe  county,  Indiana,  August  20, 
1832.  There  he  was  reared  and  educated,  at- 
tending the  common  school  of  the  county,  and 
remaining  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age. 
His  father,  Joseph  Sanders,  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  and  married  Sarah  Frits,  a  young 
lady  from  Virginia.  Mr.  Sanders  went  to 
Indiana  when  a  young  man,  before  that  territory 
had  been  admitted  to  Statehood,  living  there 
until  1858,  when  he  removed  to  Arkansas,  and 
there  remained  until  1862,  when  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Washington  Territory,  and  died  in 
1890,  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years.  Mrs. 
Sanders  died  in  1876,  soon  after  reaching  their 
new  home  in  the  West,  aged  sixty  three  years. 
They  had  nine  children,  and  John  was  the 
oldest  of  the  family. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  lived 
at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty- 
three  years  old,  at  which  time  (1855)  he  married 
Miss  Rebecca  Meredith,  who  was  a  native  of 
Ohio.  After  marriage  they  removed  to  Arkan- 
sas, and  in  1862  removed  with  the  elder 
Mr.  Sanders  to  Washington.  They  had  much 
trouble  with  the  Indians  on  the  jonrney  across 
the  plains.  Although  tiiere  was  a  large  train, 
one  of  the   party  was   killed,  and  about  hnlf  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  stock  was  run  off.  Our  subject  arrived  in 
Washington  just  in  time  to  take  a  hand  in  the 
Indian  wars  of  1865-66.  Taking  up  a  claim 
of  160  acres  on  Dry  creek,  in  Walla  Walla 
county,  he  lived  here  improving  his  farm  until 
1888,'when  he  sold  the  place  and  ijought  320 
acres  of  fine  land,  four  and  one-half  miles  nearly 
east  of  Walla  Walla.  This  land  has  increased 
in  value  until  now  it  is  worth  $20,000. 

Our  subject  and  wife  have  had  a  family  of 
seven  children:  Joseph  H.,  living  in  Lincoln 
county;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  R  G.  Clancy,  living 
in  Dixie;  Anna,  wife  of  Joseph  Vanscock,  near 
Dixie;  Lydia  U.,  wife  of  James  Aylnard,  in 
Umatilla  county,  Oreu;on;  James  S.,  in  Lincoln 
county;  Jerome  and   Frances  M. 

When  Mr.  Sanders  arrived  in  Washington, 
he  had  nothing  but  a  team  and  was  $50  in  debt. 
He  has  worked  unceasingly  and  now  has  an 
abundance  to  live  upon  the  rest  of  his  days. 
He  has  been  a  prominent  man  in  the  county, 
filling  several  important  positions,  one  of  them 
being  that  of  County  Commissioner.  Politi- 
cally, lie  is  a  Democrat,  taking  an  active  interest 
in  the  public  affairs  of  the  community. 


^^C4 


JJOHN  J.  ROHN,  one  of  tiie  thrifty  farmers 
h-  I  and  pioneers  of  the  State  of  Washington, 
'*^  was  born  in  Germany,  November  22, 1835. 
He  is  the  second  youngest  in  the  family  of  five 
children  born  to  Nicholas  and  Caterina  Rohn, 
the  maiden  namo  of  the  mother  having  been 
Caterina  Zipf.  Both  of  the  parents  died  when 
he  was  but  ten  years  old,  leaving  him  to  make 
his  own  way  in  tiie  world.  He  found  a  home 
with  his  uncle,  going  to  school  until  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age  and  then  working  until  he 
was  seventeen  years  old,  at  which  time  he  con- 
cluded to  try  to  get  to  America,  knowing  that 
in  this  country  there  was  a  much  better  chance 
for  a  poor  young  man  to  carve  his  way  to  fame 
and  fortune.  On  the  day  that  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  set  sail  for  New  York,  and  upon 
arrival  in  that  city  worked  at  his  trade  of  wood- 
gilder  for  two  years.  At  that  time  he  proceeded 
to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  remaining  there  ten 
months.  About  this  time,  in  1855,  he  enlisted 
in  Troop  C,  of  First  Dragoons  of  United  States 
Army,  and  proceeded  to  California.  Soon  after 
liis  arrival  in  that  State,  he  was  sent  to  fight  the 
Indians,  and  diiiing  his  five  years  of  army  ser- 


vice he  was  engaged  in  that  kind  of  warfare 
almost  entirely,  being  in  all  the  engagements 
from  1855  to  1860,  in  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington.  After  his  honorable  discharge  at 
Vancouver,  in  1860,  he  proceeded  to  Walla 
Walla,  where  he  took  a  claim  of  120  acres  on 
Mill  creek.  He  invested  in  cattle  the  $500  he 
had  saved  out  of  his  salary  while  in  the  army. 
On  this  land  he  engaged  in  cattle-raising,  but 
not  having  had  experience  in  that  line  met  with 
some  heavy  losses  in  the  cold  winters,  it  being 
very  difficult  to  protect  fhe  stock  from  the  se- 
vere weather.  Not  allowing  his  misfortune  to 
discourage  him,  he  proceeded  further  down  the 
creek,  where  he  purchased  160  acres  of  nice,  roll- 
ing land,  and  built  a  comfortable  home  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  now  has  407  acres  of  land, 
200  acres  of  which  are  devoted  to  raising  grain, 
the  yield  being  about  3,500  bushels  per  year. 
Having  learned  by  experience  the  best  methods 
of  handling  stock,  he  now  keeps  a  herd  of  about 
100  cattle  and  horses.  Although  a  very  poor 
boy  wiien  he  landed  in  America,  Mr.  Rohn  is 
now  one  of  the  wealthy  residents  of  Walla 
Walla  county,  having  made  all  his  money  since 
his  discharge  from  the  army.  After  six  years 
of  happy  married  life  he  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  his  beloved  wife,  since  which  time  he  has 
endeavored  to  be  both  father  and  mother  to  the 
four  little  ones  she  left  behind  her.  So  devoted 
to  her  memory  was  he  that  he  has  never  chosen 
anyone  else  to  till  her  place.  The  maiden  name 
of  this  most  estimable  woman  was  Sarah  E. 
Sanders,  a  native  of  Indiana,  who  married  our 
subject  in  1866.  Six  years  later  she  was  taken 
away  by  death.  The  four  children  are  as  follows: 
Katie,  wife  of  Thomas  Bryant,  living  at  Pull- 
man; Malinda,  wife  of  Harry  Gilbertson,  of 
Lincoln  county;  Fred,  now  in  California;  and 
Sarah  J.,  who  died  August  24,  1874.  Mr. 
Rohn  is  J  member  of  the  Indian  Veterans  As- 
sociation, and  politically  is  a  Democrat.  Few 
men  enjoy  the  esteem  and  respect  of  their  fellow 
men  to'  a  greater  degree  than  our  subject,  who 
has  won  his  way  in  the  world  unaided  and  alone. 


THOMAS  J.  HUMES,  Superior  Judge  of 
King  county,  Washington,  was    born   on 
the  \7abash  river  in  Clinton  county,  In- 
diana, February  14,  1849. 
His  father,   James   Humes,  a  native  of    Pike 
county,  Ohio,  removed  to  Indiana   when  eight- 


IIISIORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


eeii  years  of  age,  aud  tliere  engaged  in  farming. 
Ho  married  Miss  Sarah  Start,  of  Ohio.  In 
1853  they  removed  to  Keokuk  county,  Iowa, 
wliere  Mr.  Humes  lias  since  followed  an  agri- 
cultural life.  The  Humes  family  are  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent,  their  ancestors  having  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  prior  to  the  Revolutionary 
war.  Swearing  allegiance  to  the  colonies,  they 
took  part  in  that  war,  and  their  descendants 
participated  in  the  war  of  1812. 

Thomas  J.  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Keokuk  county  and  tlie  public  schools 
of  Chicago.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began 
teaching  school  in  Keokuk  county,  and  so  was 
enabled  to  secure  the  higher  branches  of  educa- 
tion. He  then  engaged  in  tJie  study  of  law  in 
the  otiice  of  George  D.  Wooden,  at  Sigourney, 
the  county  seat  of  Keokuk  county,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  tlie  bar  in  February,  1870.  He  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
AVashington,  Washington  county,  Kansas,  the 
same  year,  and  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney for  the  county,  holding  the  office  for  two 
years.  In  1873  he  made  the  trip  to  this  coast, 
visiting  Nevada,  Oregon  and  California,  and  re- 
turning to  Washington,  Kansas,  in  1874.  He 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Washington,  and 
represented  the  county  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1877  and  1879,  being  twice  elected  by  the 
Republican  party.  From  1880  to  1882  he  was 
Assistant  United  States  Attorney,  with  liead- 
quarters  at  Topeka,  resigning  that  position  in 
1882  to  cime  to  Seattle  and  identity  himself 
with  this  rising  young  city.  Here  lie  immedi- 
ately opened  an  office  and  entered  upon  his  pro- 
fession, which  he  continued  alone  up  to  1888. 
Then  he  entered  into  partnership  with  William 
R.  Andrews,  under  the  firm  name  of  Humes  & 
Andrews,  which  copartnership  continued  up  to 
1890,  when. the  legal  business  of  Seattle  had  as- 
sumed such  proportions  that  additional  judges 
of  the  Superior  Court  were  required,  and  -fudge 
Humes  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ferry  to 
his  present  position.  He  was.  elected  to  the 
office  in  November  following,  and  was  i-e-nom- 
iiiated  for  the  same  postion  in  the  fall  of  1892, 
for  a  period  of  four  years.  The  members  of  the 
last  Territorial  Legislature  were  elected  upon 
the  woman-suffrage  issue.  Judge  Humes  was 
the  anti-suffrage  candidate  of  the  Repui)lican 
party,  and  was  elected   by   about  500  majoritv. 

Upon  his  return  to  Washington,  Kansas;,  in 
1874,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  married  to 


Alma  Roberts.     They  1 


;ht 


five  of  whom    survive:  Start,    Thomas  J.,  Jr., 
Samuel  J.,  Nathan  R.  and  Edmund. 

The  Judge  has  traded  soinert'hat  in  real  es- 
tate, but  the  practicj  of  his  profession  has  been 
the  chief  object  of  his  life,  and  to  it  he  has  de- 
voted his  energy  and  ability.  Being  of  active 
mind  and  quick  perception,  as  an  attorney  his 
efforts  have  been  crowned  with  success,  and  as  a 
judge  his  rulings  are  impartial  and  strictly  in 
accordance  with  law  and  the  facts  in  the  case. 

/T^  FORGE  W.  HALL,  one  of  Seattle's  well- 
I  ji  known  citizens,  was  born  in  Jackson 
\^  county,  Virginia,  December  30,  1840. 
r^  His  father,  William  Hall,  was  a  native  of 
Ohio,  a  sun  of  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Ma- 
rietta, and  by  trade  a  furniture  manufacturer. 
He  was  married  in  Virginia,  to  Miss  Mary  A 
Cohen,  and  shortly  after  the  birth  of  our  sub- 
ject removed  to  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  then  a 
new  and  sparsely  settled  community.  There 
George  W.  passed  his  boyhood  in  attending  the 
public  school,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered 
upon  an  apprenticeship  to  the  trade  of  pattern- 
maker, serving  a  period  of  three  years.  He 
then  removed  with  his  parents  to  Asliland,  Ken- 
tucky, and  after  a  short  season  of  work  in  his 
father's  manufactory  he  struck  out  in  life  witii 
a  view  of  seeing  the  country  and  ultimately 
finding  a  place  of  settlement.  After  visiting 
Cincinnati  and  New  Orleans,  he  started  west- 
ward through  New  Mexico  to  Virginia  City, 
]\[ontana,  where  he  began  prospecting  and  min- 
ing, and  spent  six  years  in  the  different  mining 
districts  of  the  Territory,  with  an  average  de- 
gree of  success. 

In  1869  Mr.  Hall  pushed  west  to  Puget 
Sound,  and,  after  looking  over  the  country,  de- 
cided to  locate  at  Seattle,  then  a  small  hamlet 
of  about  500  inhabitants.  He  atonce  identified 
himself  with  the  city,  and  became  an  active  fac- 
tor in  its  development.  He. formed  a  copart- 
nership with  D.  R.  Lord  in  building  and  con- 
tracting, which  was  continued  up  to  1874,  when 
Mr.  Hall  withdrew,  and,  in  partnership  with  R. 
C.  Graves,  engaged  in  furniture  manufacturing, 
being  the  pioneer  in  this  branch  of  business  in 
Seattle.  Later  on,  with  Paul  Paulson,  he 
formed  the  Hall  aud  Paulson  Furniture  Com- 
pany. A  stock  company  was  subsequently  in- 
corp  irated,  and,  with  a  mill  at  the  foot  of  Com- 


Hlt^TOHY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


inercial  street  and  another  at  the  head  of  the 
bay,  they  conducted  an  extensive  himber  and 
milling  business,  which,  diirino;  tie  latter  years, 
averaged  |100,000  aniuially.  In  1888  Mr.  Hall 
sold  his  interest,  and  since  devoted  his  time  to 
the  management  and  improvement  of  his  real 
estate. 

Mr.  Hall  has  always  been  an  ardent  llepubli- 
CMn,  without  seeking  the  emoluments  of  public 
otiice.  The  positions  he  has  tilled  have  been  in  the 
direct  line  of  duty,  as  they  appeal  to  every  good 
citizen  who  has  at  heart  the  welfare  of  his  city. 
For  five  terms  he  has  served  as  a  member  of 
tile  City  Council,  and  for  one  term  as  Mayor. 
During  the  reorganization  of  the  city,  after  the 
destructive  iire  of  June,  1889,  the  Council  was 
confronted  with  many  perp]e.sing  difficulties, 
and  during  that  period  of  onerous  service  Mr. 
Hall  was  a  warm  advocate  of  every  measure  to 
advance  the  city's  welfare  and  unflinchingly  on 
the  side  of  the  most  progressive  ideas  in  the 
management  of  city  affairs.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  for  nine  years  has  served  as 
Grand  Treasurer. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1872,  to  Miss 
Mary  V.,  daughter  of  William  K.  Bell,  one  of 
pioneers  and  founders  of  Seattle,  and  the  pro- 
prietor of  Belltowu,  which  was  located  on  his 
donation  claim.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall  have  four 
children — Edna,  Ivy,  Olive  and  Aidine. 

Personally,  Mr.  Hall  is  of  a  modest  and  re- 
tiring disposition.  He  is  a  man  of  sterling 
character,  and  is  universally  recognized  as  one 
Seattle's  most  progressive  and  helpful  citizens. 
From  his  earliest  conne'ction  with  the  city's  his- 
tory down  to  its  present  coinmercial  prominence 
he  has  ever  been  a  ready  contributor  to  its  pros- 
perity, and  is  honored  and  esteemed  for  his  able 
and  generous  service. 


D.WID  EURO] 
early  pioneers 
]86l,endurin£ 


BUROKER.— In  the  list  of  the 
:rs  who  crossed  the  plains  in 
ring  all  the  hardships  and  pri- 
vations incident  to  frontier  life  in  any  new 
country,  occurs  the  name  of  David  Buroker,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr.  Buroker  was  born 
in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  Virginia,  December 
17,  1818,  and  although  now  seventy-five  years 
of  age  bears  his  years  in  a  wonderful  manner, 
being  as  active  and  energetic  as  many  who  have 
not  much  more  than  reached    the  prime  of  life. 


He  attends  to  his  extensive  farming  interests 
and  gives  every  promise  of  living  to  be  an  hun- 
dred. His  father,  Martin  Buroker,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  of  German  parentage,  while  his 
mother,  Ellen  Griffith,  a  native  of  Virginia,  was 
of  Welsh  descent.  In  1884,  some  time  after 
their  marriage,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buroker  removed 
to  Ohio,  remaining  in  that  State  until  their 
death,  the  father  pas.-'ing  away  in  1854,  at  an 
advanced  age,  his  wife  having  preceded  him 
many  years  before.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eighteen  children,  of  whom  our  sul>ject  was  the 
third  youngest. 

Our  subject  did  not  enjoy  very  e.xtensive  ed- 
ucational advantages,  but  made  the  most  of  the 
opportunities  afforded  by  the  little  schools  of 
his  county,  attending  when  unpropitions  weather 
interfered  with  farm  work.  In  1856,  Mr.  Bu- 
roker removed  to  Missouri ;  remained  there  three 
years,  then  proceeded  to  Iowa,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1864,  when  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  Washington  Territory,  consuming  about  six 
months  in  making  the  trip.  Being  pleased  with 
the  country  near  Walla  Walla,  he  located  there 
on  rented  land,  which  he  farmed  for  one  year. 
He  then  removed  to  the  Willamette  valley 
where  he  remained  three  years  on  rented  land. 
After  this' he  returned  ti>  Walla  Walla,  pur- 
chased on  Mill  creek  160  acres,  which  he  after- 
ward sold  and  then  bought  240  acres,  which  he 
subsequently  disposed  of,  and  in  tiiis  way  dealt  in 
real  estate  until  he  soon  was  possessed  of  sufficient 
means  to  permit  the  retaining  of  the  500  aaes 
of  excellent  land  he  now  owns,  situated  seven 
miles  northeast  of  Walla  Walla.  He  also  owns 
120  acres  near  the  city  itself.  So  large  is  his 
estate  that  four  coui.'try  roads  and  two  railroads 
pass  through  it, — sonietliing  that  can  be  s:iid  of 
no  other  farm  in  the  State.  Of  course  all  tiiis  has 
made  his  property  exceedingly  valuable. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Ohio,  to  Miss 
Sarah  Jinkins,  a  native  of  that  State,  and  of  this 
union  seven  children  have  been  born,  namely: 
Jonas,  who  resides  on  Mill  creek;  Mary  Ann. 
wife  of  John  Crawford,  resides  in  Idaho;  Louisa, 
wife  of  Jacob  Kibler,  resides  on  Mill  creek; 
Ellen,  wife  of  S.  C.  Williams,  resides  on  Dry 
creek;  Noah,  residing  on  Dry  creek;  William 
H.,  who  also  resides  on  Dry  creek;  and  Etta, 
wife  of  James  Patterson,  resides  with  her  par- 
ents and  has  two  bright  children,  Judson    and 


In  politics  Mr.  Buroker  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can, steadfastly   upholding  the  principles  of  his 


UrSTORT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


pai'tj.  Althougli  a  very  poor  man  vvlieii  lie 
started  to  earn  his  own  livelihood,  our  subject 
has  grown  to  be  one  of  tlie  wealthiest  farmers 
of  Walla  "Walla  county.  Notwithstanding  he 
has  more  than  sufficient  to  supply  all  his  wants 
and  those  of  his  wife  for  the  remainder  of  their 
days,  his  active  disposition  will  not  allow  him  to 
remain  inactive  while  there  is  anything  to  be 
accomplished;  and  to  these  habits  are  due  in 
great  part  his  excellent  health.  Throughout  the 
entire  county  Mr.  Buroker  is  esteemed  and  re- 
spected, and  parents  urge  their  young  sons  to 
emulate  his  example  in  lighting  the  world  and 
its  temptations'.  In  spite  of  the  many  misfor- 
tunes tliat  attended  his  earlier  efforts  Mr.  Bu- 
roker never  allowed  himself  to  be  disconraged, 
but  patiently  labored  on,  and  now  reaps  the  re- 
sults of  his  labors. 

l^y[[lLTOX  ALDKICH,  a   prominent  pio- 
I  Tr^l     ^^^^^'  ^*  *''^'  B^citic  coast  and  one  of  the 
I       41    leading  men  of  Walla  Walla  county,  was 
■%/  born  in  Erie   county,  New    York,    Sep- 

tember 10,  1830.  His  father,  James  Aldrich, 
was  a  native  of  lihode  Island,  was  there  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Hannah  Comstock,  who  was  a  na- 
tive of  the  same  State.  Soon  after  their 
marriage  they  moved  to  the  State  of  New  York, 
and  when  Milton  was  five  years  of  age  the  family 
removed  to  the  State  of  Michigan,  this  being 
about  1835,  and  there  the  father  spent  the 
retnainder  of  his  days,  dying  either  in  Michigan 
or  Wisconsin,  when  he  was  about  eighty  years 
of  age.  His  wife  survived  him  until  1891,  when 
she  died  at  the  age  of  eighty.  They  had  reared 
a  family  of  nine  children,  and  our  subject  was 
the  eighth  in  order,  but  only  three  of  that  large 
family  are  still  living. 

Milton  lived  with  his  parents  until  he  reached 
his  majority,  and,  being  a  young  man  of  pro- 
gre-sive  ideas  and  high  ambition,  he  concluded 
to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  far  West.  One  bright 
spring  morning  in  April,  1852,  he  started  for 
the  mines  of  California.  He  had  earned  and 
saved  enough  to  buy  him  an  outfit  comprising  a 
good  horse,  team  and  wagon,  and  after  a  jour- 
ney of  three  months  he  reached  his  destination, 
having  been  but  once  molested  by  the  Indians. 
At  one  time  some  150  Indians  made  their  ap- 
pearance in  the  camp  of  four  wagons,  and  de- 
manded  that  they  be  given  all  the  clothing  and 


provisions;  but  the  little  party  well  knew  that 
if  they  gave  up  their  supplies  they  would  starve; 
hence  they  tried  a  bluff  game  with  the  noble 
red  men,  agreeing  to  give  them  a  box  of  liard 
tack  and  a  side  of  bacon  if  they  wanted  them, 
and  if  not  they  would  give  them  some  powder 
and  balls  from  the  guns.  The  Indians  pon- 
dered the  matter  over  for  some  time  and  then, 
finally  decided  to  accept  the  offer,  and  upon  re- 
ceiving the  booty  rode  away  and  left  the  little 
party  to  pursue  their  way  iinmolested.  When 
our  subject  reached  California  he  engaged  in 
mining,  but  did  not  meet  with  sufficient  suc- 
cess to  make  a  regular  business  of  it,  and  after 
two  years  of  trial  he  left  the  mines  and  went 
into  the  freighting  business  and  followed  that 
for  a  period  of  eight  years,  making  considerable 
money.  He  then  sold  out  his  business  with  the 
intentiot)  of  going  to  <)rco;<in.  liut  after  he  had 
Ijiiuglit  beef  cattle  with  tlic  intention  of  prepar- 
ing them  for  marketing  in  Califoi-nia,  the  ex- 
citement arose  over  the  mines  on  the  great 
Fraser  river.  Realizing  that  all  the  floating 
population  would  immediately  rush  off  for  the 
new  locality,  he  to  changed  his  plans  and  started 
for  the  same  place  with  his  cattle  and  drove 
them  as  far  as  The  Dalles,  where  he  halted  for 
a  month  or  so.  Seeing  that  this  was  not  an 
eligible  place  in  which  to  winter  his  cattle,  and 
hearing  reports  of  the  fine  grass  lands  in  the 
Walla  Walla  valley,  he  turned  his  attention  to 
this  country  and  drove  his  stock  to  Walla  Walla. 
Here  he  fixed  upon  a  fine  tract  on  Dry  creek, 
nine  miles  east  of  the  present  city,  where  he 
found  a  nice  little  piece  of  bottom  land  well 
covered  with  good  grass,  and  at  that  place  he 
staked  off  a  claim  of  160  acres,  where  he  win- 
tered his  cattle.  He  then  turned  his  attention 
to  the  mines  again,  mining  in  several  places  in 
Idaho  and  Montana,  and  after  following  that 
occupation  for  a  few  years  he  returned  to  his 
claim  and  has  continued  improving  the  same 
until  the  present  day.  As  a  result  he  now  owns 
2,000  acres  of  the  finest  wheat  land  in  Walla 
Walla  county  and  is  farming  about  1,900  acres 
of  it.  In  1892  he  raised  20,000  bushels  of  grain, 
but  this  was  not  an  average  yield,  as  his  grain 
suffered  from  drought.  Our  suliject  has  agood 
residence  on  the  bank  of  Dry  creek,  surrounded 
by  a  beautiful  tract  of  bottom  land  and  rolling 
hills. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss 
Sarah  Stanfield,  a  native  of  Iowa,  who  had  come 
with  her  parents    to  Walla  Walla  in  1862,  and 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


they  had  a  family  of  three  children:  Dora,  who 
is  the  wife  of  Frank  Walker  of  Boston,  Massa- 
chnsetts;  Fred  J.,  who  is  now  in  New  York 
attending  school;  and  Shelley,  who  is  at  school 
in  Walla  Walla. 

When  onr  subject  started  out  in  life  he  had 
in  addition  to  some  new  clothes  which  were 
given  him  by  his  father,  the  nominal  sum  of 
money  he  had  saved,  but  he  had  to  go  $200  in 
debt.  He  has  a  wide  experience  and  has  en- 
dured all  the  privations  of  pioneer  life.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  on  the  Itepublican  ticket  as 
County  Commissioner  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1892  he  received  the  nomina- 
tion for  County  Treasurer,  but  was  defeated  by 
the  small  majority  of  thirty  votes.  He  is  well 
known  through  tiie  co\uity  and  much  respected. 

AMUEL  R.  MAXSON.— A  traveller  pass- 
>ugh     the    farming    districts    of 

Washington  is  impressed  with  the  fertile 
fields  of  waving  ^rain  and  the  rolling  pastures, 
the  latter  being  filled  with  well-fed  sheep,  cattle 
and  liorses.  On  the  list  of  prosperous  and  well- 
to-do  farmers  of  the  country  surrounding  the 
beautiful  city  of  Walla  Walla  in  the  county  of 
the  same  name,  occurs  the  name  of  tiie  gentle- 
man to  whose  life  history  attention  is  called  in 
this  brief  aiticle.  Mr.  Maxson  was  born  in  Rock 
county,  Wisconsin,  July  7,  1843,  a  son  of  Ste 
phen  and  Lois  (Babcock)  Maxson,  natives  of 
New  York,  who  were  married  in  that  State  but 
removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1837.  They  made  the 
Badger  State  their  home  for  over  twenty  years, 
when  in  1856  they  again  took  up  the  line  of 
march  westward,  locating  at  Omaha,  Nebraska, 
where  they  remained  two  years,  during  which 
time  our  subject  received  his  education  in  the 
common-schools  of  that  city.  At  the  expiration 
of  that  time  the  family  located  in  Washington 
Territory,  Walla  Walla  county,  on  Russell 
creek,  seven  miles  southeast  of  Walla  Walla, 
where  the  father  died  in  1879,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five  years,  and  where  his  wife  died  ten 
years  later,  at  the  same  age.  Four  children 
were  born  to  these  parents,  of  whom  our  sub- 
ject was  the  second  child.  All  of  these  children 
are  still  living,  one  being  located  in  Idaho,  the 
other  three  in  Washington.  The  trip  across  the 
plains  ill  the  fifties  was  anything  but  an  en- 
joyable journey.      In  aldition  to   the  many  pri- 


vations incident  to  the  trip,  there  was  always 
the  great  danger  from  the  savage  Indians,  and 
man}'  of  the  eminigrants  were  given  several  op- 
portunities of  very  close  acquaintance  with  tlie 
red  men.  Fortunately  for  the  little  party  in 
which  we  are  interested  the  Indians  gave  thera 
no  trouble,  although  they  never  knew  at  what 
moment  the  savages  might  spring  upon  them. 

Our  subject  obtained  the  money  to  purchase 
his  present  pleasant  home  by  freighting  over 
the  mountains  to  Boise  City  and  other  mining 
districts  with  ox  teams,  continuing  that  occupa- 
tion for  five  years.  At  that  time  he  traded  his 
horses  for  160  acres  of  land,  to  which  he  made 
subsequent  increments  until  he  now  is  the  pos- 
sessor of  235  acres  of  as  good  land  as  can  be 
found  in  the  county,  on  which  he  raises  from 
four  to  five  thousand  bushels  of  grain  yearly. 
Although  he  was  a  poor  man  when  he  began  to 
fight  the  battle  of  life  for  himself,  by  his  assidn- 
ous  and  persistent  labor  he  has  won  the  victory 
and  can  now  rest  upon  his  laurels,  as,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  farm,  he  has  an  excellent  home,  sit- 
uated about  seven  miles  southeast  of  Walla 
Walla  on  Russell  creek,  the  residence  l)cing  lo- 
cated on  the  banks  of  this  picturesque  little 
stream. 

In  the  year  1863,  Miss  Lizzie  Paul,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  became  his  wife,  and  since  their  mar- 
ria^je  ten  children  have  been  added  to  their 
family,  namely:  Lou  Ellen,  wife  of  D.  G.  Fer- 
gus^on;  Charles  married  Delia  Ferrell;  Alice, 
May,  Stephen,  Myrtle,  Samuel,  Walter  Ralph, 
and  Benjamin  F.  Mrs.  Maxson  was  a  native  of 
Iowa  and  came  to  Washington  in  1862,  the  year 
before  her  marriage.  Socially  our  subject  is 
connected  with  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  while  politi- 
cally he  gives  allegiance  to  the  Republican 
party,  cheerfully  lending  his  aid  to  futherance 
of  its  pi-inciples,  his  vote  always  being  cast  for 
its  nominees. 


HOMAS  GILKERSON.— Like  her  sister 
countries  England  has  contributed  many 


T 

I  of  the  most  enterprising  and  popular  citi 
•f/  zens  of  the  ITnited  States,  and  prominent 
among  the  early  pioneers  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington is  the  subject  of  this  s^ketch,  whose  birth 
occurred  in  that  fair  land.  Mr.  Gilkerson  was 
born  in  England,  October  19,  1837,  son  of 
George  and  ^atAx  (Wilson)'Gilkerson,  both  na- 


HIsrOItT     OF    WASHINGTON. 


tives  of  England.  In  the  year  year  1841,  the 
father  i-einoved  his  little  family  to  America,  our 
subject  being  then  but  a  small  boy,  four  years  of 
age.  The  father  settled  New  York  State,  where 
he  reared  his  family  on  a  farm,  dying  in  1884, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-three  years.  His  wife  sur- 
vived him  until  1890,  when  she  too  died,  at  the 
age  of  eighty  years.  They  had  seven  children, 
of  whom  our  subject  was  the  third  child,  and 
all  of  them  are  living  but  one. 

Our  subject  left  the  State  where  he  was 
reared,  January  20,  1860,  and  came,  via  the 
Isthmus  of  Pamama  to  British  Columbia,  where 
he  remained  a  short  time,  then  removed  to 
Washington,  working  for  wages  for  about  two 
years.  As  he  was  industrious  and  frugal  he  was 
soon  able  to  accumulate  enough  to  purchase  160 
acres  of  land.  This  he  has  improved,  increas- 
ing the  number  of  his  acres  to  440,  200  acres  of 
which  are  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  This 
land  he  devotes  to  grain-raising  and  stock-grow- 
ing, dealing  in  the  best  grades  of  live  stock,  in- 
cluding cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and  horses,  believ- 
ing that  it  is  a  good  plan  to  raise  a  little  of 
everything,  so  that  he  may  have  something  to 
sell  at  all  times.  On  his  land  he  has  erected  a 
comfortable  home  for  his  little  family.  It  must 
be  a  source  of  great  satisfaction  to  Mr.  Gilker- 
son  to  review  the  past  and  contrast  his  present 
prosperous  condition  with  his  poverty  when  he 
landed  in  Washington.  Notwithstanding  his 
lack  of  means  at  starting,  he  is  now  numbered 
among  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county. 

Our  subject  vvas  married  in  1863,  to  Mrs. 
McWhirk,  ?i(?<j  Sickley,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  came  to  Washington  in  1859.  She  was 
the  widow  of  Henry  McWhirk,  who  died,  leav- 
ing one  child,  George  Henry  McWhirk.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gilkerson  have  had  four  childi-en  born 
to  them,  namely:  Charles,  Harry,  Thomas  and 
Lewis.  Politically  our  subject  casts  his  vote 
for  the  candidates  of  the  Democratic  party,  and 
takes  great  interest  in  all  measures  of  benefit  to 
the  community. 


jVTf  ATHAN    A.   PATTERSON,  one  of  the 
I  M     prosperous     young    farmers     of    Walla 
I     li     Walla  county,    was    born     in     Iroquois 
iy  county,  Illinois,  January  23,  1852.    His 

father,  Abraham  Patterson,  was  a  native  of  Ohio, 
and  married  Sentha  A.  Page,  also  a  native  of 


Ohio.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in  1856  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm,  living  there  until  1870,  when 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Washington,  and 
is  now  living  with  his  wife  in  Walla  Walla 
county. 

Our  subject,  Nathan  Patterson,  was  educated 
in  the  common-schools  of  Iowa,  was  reared  on 
the  farm  and  continued  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  of  age.  He  then  bought  eighty  acres  of 
land  and  commenced  to  farm  for  himself.  By 
virtue  of  his  industry  and  close  attention  to  his 
Inisiness  he  has  made  it  a  success,  and  now  owns 
960  acres  of  choice  land,  600  of  which  is  under 
cultivation,  devoted  principally  to  small  grain. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Ellen  Thomas,  as  native  of  Iowa,  who  came  to 
Washington  in  1870.  She  died  in  1888,  at  the 
age  of  thirty-two,  leaving  a  family  of  small 
children,  as  follows:  Anson,  Albert,  Gertrude, 
and  Fulton.  Mr.  Patterson  has  carefully  roared 
his  children,  giving  them  educational  advan- 
vantages  and  being  to  them  both  father  and 
mother.  Although  he  began  poor  he  has  been 
enabled  by  honest  industry  to  provide  well  for 
the  future,  and  is  a  man  who  commands  the  re- 
spect of  all  in  the  county.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Of  tiie  eight  children  barn  to  his  parents  he  is 
the  fourth,  and  all  live  in  the  same  State. 


dloHN  CALVIN  BYKD,a  hardware  mer- 
chant of  Spokane,  was  born  in  Oregon,  in 
1857,  a  son  of  Lorenzo  A.  and  Martha  C. 
Byrd,  the  former  a  native  of  Arkansas,  and  the 
latter  of  Missouri.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  settling  there  as  early  as  1845. 

John  Calvin  Byrd,  the  second  in  a  family  of 
eight  children,  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Oregon,  and  also  attended  the  Chris- 
tian College  at  Monmouth,  Oregon.  After  leav- 
ing school,  in  1872,  he  located  in  Salem,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  was  engaged  as  a  dentist  about 
seven  years.  Mr.  Byrd  next  came  to  Spokane, 
Washington,  associated  himself  with  Mr.  Wol- 
verton  in  the  hardware  business,  in  which  he 
still  continues.  He  has  a  beautiful  home  in 
the  city,  containing  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments. 

In  1882  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to    Miss  Josie   Wolverton,  and    they  have  had 


inSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


three  cliildren,  two  now  living,  viz.:  Prince 
Wolverton,  aged  seven  years;  and  Edna  Mary, 
aged  six  year.s,  Loth  attending  the  public  schools 
of  Spokiuie.  Politically,  Mr.  J>yrd  votes  with 
the  Democratic  party.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  business  men  in  the  community  in 
which  he  resides,  is  a  man  of  studious  habits, 
and  has  a  host  ot  friends  in  Spokane. 


IJAY  P.  GRAVES,  of  the  firm  of  Clonah  A 
^  I'  Graves,  one  of  the  most  influential  real- 
V^  estate  firms  in  Spokane,  forms  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  Few  men  have  accomplished 
more  in  four  years'  residence  in  this  city  and 
have  attained  a  higher  commercial  and  social 
standing  than  Jay  P.  Graves  He  has  always 
warmly  embraced  and  enthusiastically  advocated 
any  measure  which  has  aided  in  the  develop- 
ment and  advancement  of  Spokane,  and  he  has 
always  been  indefatigable  in  his  effoits  to  arouse 
public  support  in  all  measures  for  the  welfare 
of  this  city. 

Mr.  Graves  was  l)orn  in  Hancock  county, 
Illinois,  June  27,  1859,  second  in  the  family  of 
four  sons  of  John  J.  and  Orrilla  P.  (Berry) 
Graves,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Vermont  re- 
spectively. Grandfather  Reuben  Graves,  a 
Kentucky  planter,  was  a  native  of  that  State 
and  a  descendant  of  English  ancestry.  He  set 
all  his  slaves  free  before  the  war.  Grandfather 
Berry  was  a  physician  and  a  resident  of  Alburg 
Centre,  Vermont.  John  J.  Graves  went  to  Hli- 
nois  when  a  young  man,  settled  in  Hancock 
county  and  engaged  in  farming.  Not  long  af- 
terward Miss  Berry  went  to  Illinois  on  a  visit, 
and  while  there  she  met  Mr.  Graves  and  was 
subsequently  married  to  him.  In  1874  the 
Graves  family  moved  to  Cai-thage  in  order  that 
the  children  might  have  better  edncalioiial  ad- 
vantages. That  place  continued  to  he  their 
home  until  1890,  since  which  time  Mr.  Graves 
has  been  a  resident  of  Spokane.  He  is  a  Bap- 
tist and  his  wife  a  Methodist. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  Jay  P.  Graves  entered 
Carthage  College,  a  Lutheran  institution,  and 
after  leaving  college  engaged  in  the  hardware 
busiuess  at   Plymouth,  Illinois,  under  the  firm 


name  of  Young  &  Graves.      For  tiv( 


year 


he 


did  a  successful  business  there.  He  tlien  came 
West  and  January  1,  Isss.  Iiecame  associated 
with  C.  F.  Clougli  ill  his  present  business    They 


do  a  general  real-estate  and  loan  bnsiness,  and 
have  lieen  instrumental  in  making  many  large 
sales. 

Mr.  Graves  is  president  of  the  Washington 
Abstract  Company;  is  a  director  of  the  old  Na- 
tional Bank,  one  of  the  most  securely  organized 
banks  in  the  city;  and  is  the  World's  Fair  Com- 
missioner of  Spokane  county.  In  political  mat- 
ters he  has  taken  an  active  part. 

His  elegant  residence  is  situated  in  Spokane 
at  2,U17  Pacific  avenue.  He  was  married  in 
Hancock  county,  Illinois,  to  Miss  Amanda  Cox, 
a  native  of  that  place.  They  have  one  child, 
Clyde  M.  Mrs.  Graves  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church. 


OL.  J.  KENNEDY  STOUT,  Spokane, 
Washington,  is  well  and  favorably  known 
in  legal,  joHrnalistic,  social  and  militarv 
life,  and  right  becomingly  are  the  many  honors, 
which  have  been  accorded  him,  accepted  and 
borne. 

Colonel  Stunt  was  born  at  Wilkes  Barre, 
Pennsylvania,  November  29,  18-19,  son  of  A. 
M.  and  Ellen  C.  (Gildersleeve)  Stout.  His  fa- 
ther was  born  in  eastern  Pennsylvania,  graduated 
at  Y'ale  College  with  the  class  of  1842,  and  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession.  His  mother  is  a  nati\e 
of  Elizabeth,  New  Jei'tey.  The  Colonel  inherits 
his  literary  tastes  from  his  paternal  ancestors. 
His  career  has  been  a  varied  and  interesting 
one  from  the  time  of  his  birth  up  to  the  present. 
Fi'om  the  first  he  was  carefully  and  thoroughly 
educated.  At  Mr.  Everest's,  Hamden,  Connec- 
ticut, he  took  an  excellent  preparatory  course, 
and  afterward  passed  through  Trinity  College, 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  where  he  graduated  in 
1870.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law,  but  as 
journalism  seemed  to  present  greater  attractions 
he  drifted  into  that  profession.  For  two  years 
he  filled  the  city  editor's  chair  of  the  Eastern 
Pennsylvania  Daily  Express,  and  was  connected 
with  the  New  York  Tribune  three  years.  His 
early  training  for  tbe  bar,  however,  led  him  to 
finally  adopt  that  profession  for  his  life  work, 
and,  as  he  had  previously  been  admitted  to  the 
New  Jersey  bar,  he  removed  to  Elizabeth,  in 
that  State,  and  resumed  practice  in  1878.  Find- 
ing the  Eastern  ranks  overcrowded,  he  came  to 
Washington  in  1880,  and  to  Spokane  in  1881, 
since  which  time  he  has  steadily  practiced  here. 


IHSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


lie  has  been  associated  with  Judge  Nash  and 
later  with  T.  C.  Griffitts,  and  besides  being  a 
member  of  the  bar  of  this  State  lias  also  been  ad- 
mitted to  that  of  Idaho.  Colonel  Stout  was  first 
City  Attorney  of  Spokane,  serving  in  that  ca- 
pacity from  1882  to  1884.  He  was  appointed 
First  Lieutenant  of  Company  G,  National  Guard 
of  Washington;  then  Major  of  the  staff  of  Gov- 
ernor Semple,  and  held  a  like  commission  on  the 
stafi"  of  Governor  Moore,  llis  commission  of 
Colonel  was  authorized  by  Governor  Ferry,  and 
he  is  also  Chief  Signal  Officer.  The  old  liking 
for  journalism  still  clings  to  him,  and  as  dra- 
matic critic  of  the  Spokesman — a  position  he 
filled  during  the  three  years'  existence  of  that 
paper, — and  now  as  the  dransatic  critic  of  the 
"Spokane  Review  "  lie  has  a  host  of  admiring 
readers. 

He  was  brought  up  an  Episcopalian,  and  his 
political  views  are  in  accord  with  Derancratic 
principles.  He  is  a  Master  Mason,  a  leader  in 
society,  and  fond  of  art  and  literature. 

He  was  nuarried  in  October,  1892,  to  Miss 
Ida  T.  Homan,  then  living  in  Brooklyn,  New- 
York,  though  a  native  of  New  Orleans,  and  de- 
scended on  the  maternal  side  from  the  family  of 
the  great  German  poet,  Schiller.  The  somewhat 
romantic  incidents  of  the  marriage  received  con- 
siderable journalistic  notice  at  the  time. 

Such  men  not  only  make  our  professional 
circles  a  pride  to  our  city,  but  are  also  the  means 
of  giving  an  added  zest  and  interest  to  our  so- 
cial life.  One  cannot  but  expi-ess  the  wish  that 
Spokane  hod  many  more  such  men. 


D^  H.  FISK,  an  attorney  of  Cheney, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
— - '  June  21',  1851,  a  son  of  F.  W.  and  Mary 
W.  (Webb)-Fisk,  natives  also  of  that  State. 
The  father  was  a  lumberman  i)y  occupation.  D. 
H.  Fisk  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1871  en- 
tered the  Carlton  Collegate,  Northfield,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  graduated  in  the  classical  course 
in  1876.  In  that  year  he  located  in  Red  Wing, 
Minnesota,  next  lived  in  Wisconsin,  and  in 
1880  returned  to  Ada,  Norman  county,  Minne- 
sota. While  there  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
Frank  Chapman,  and  was  admitted  to,  the  bar 
in  1881.  In  1888  Mr.  Fisk  located  in  Cheney, 
Washington,  where  he  has   since    been  engaged 


in  the  active  practice  of  law,  and  also  followed 
milling  two  years.  Politically,  he  takes  an  act- 
ive part  in  the  work  of  the  Republican  party, 
having  served  as  County  Attorney  one  term  in 
Norman  county,  Minnesota,  and  as  City  Attor- 
ney of  Cheney  three  years.  He  was  the  organ- 
izer of  the  company  whicli  supplies  the  electric 
light  plant  of  this  city,  and  has  always  been  one 
of  the  prime  movers  in  all  of  the  etiterprises  of 
Clieney.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

Mr.  Fisk  was  married  in  February,  1878,  to 
Miss  Ada  Ashelman,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
To  this  union  have  been  born  four  children, 
namely:  Charles  F.,  aged  twelve  years,  attend- 
ing the  public  school;  Alta  C,  aged  ten  years, 
and  Hervey  D.,  nine  years,  are  students  of  the 
Normal  School;  and  Clara  E.,  aged  four  years. 
Mr.  Fisk  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  citi- 
zens of  the  prosperous  city  of  Cheney,  is  an 
able  jurist,  and  a  gentleman  of  many  attain- 
ments. 

— '^^m^m^^ — 

J  A.  STOUGHTON,  of  Cheney,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Westfield,  Massachusetts, 
in  1830,  a  son  of  Alexander  R.  and  Eliza- 
beth (Sexton)  Stoughton.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  and  a  mechanic  by  pro- 
fession. J.  A.  Stoughton,  the  second  in  a  fam- 
ily of  three  children,  received  his  education  in 
the  district  schools  of  his  native  State.  In 
183()  he  emigrated  with  his  pai-ents  to  Ala- 
bama, but  in  1840  they  were  obliged  to  leave 
that  State,  on  account  of  yellow  fever,  and  tlie 
following  three  yeai's  were  spent  in  Missouri. 
In  1843  they  removed  to  Oregon,  having  been 
the  first  emigrants  to  cross  the  plains,  and 
were  guided  part  of  the  way  by  Kit  Carson  and 
General  Fremont.  The  Stoughton  family  lo- 
cated in  the  Willamette  Viilley,  that  State,  and 
they  first  camped  on  the  ground  where  Portland 
now  stands,  it  being  then  a  wilderness.  In  1848 
our  subject  began  mining  in  California,  but  the 
following  year  returned  to  Oregon  and  resumed 
farming.  In  1879  he  located  on  a  farm  near 
Cheney,  Washington,  but  later  moved  to  this 
city,  where  he  has  a  fine  residence,  valued  at 
$lX>00,  as  well  as  other  property. 

Mr.  Stoughton  was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss 
Frances  E.  Townsend,  a  native  of  Georgia,  and  a 
member  of  a  fine  old  family.  They  have  three 
children,  Mary  E  ,  Ida  S.   and  Edith   S.   Social- 


IIISTORT    0/''    WASHIJS'OTON. 


ly,  our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  F?riners' 
Alliance,  and  religiously  the  family  are  identi- 
fied with  the  Methodist  Church.  Mr.  Stongh- 
ton  is  an  enterprising  citizen,  is  a  great  reader, 
and  is  thoroughly  posted  on  all  matters  relating 
to  the  early  settlement  of  the  State. 

[[  ENRY  BPtOOK,  one  of  tiie  leading  busi- 
|.  ness  men  of  Spokane,  Washington,  was 
11  born  in  England,  in  1842,  a  son  of  John 
Brook,  a  native  also  of  that  country. 
Henry  came  to  the  United  States  in  1870,  lo- 
cating in  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  Imild- 
ing,  and  also  as  a  minister  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Clmrch.  In  1883,  on  account  of  fail- 
ing health,  he  came  to  Spokane,  Washington, 
and  began  work  at  his  trade.  Mr.  Brook  is  now 
president  of  the  Washington  Brick  and  Lime 
Manufacturing  Company,  which  has  a  paid  up 
capital  of  $50,000.  This  enterprise  is  one  of 
the  leading  concerns  of  its  character  in  the 
State,  and  is  rapidly  increasing  its  business.  At 
one  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council 
of  Spokiine,  a  director  of  the  Washington  Water 
Bower  Company,  vice-president  of  the  Spokane 
Street  Railway  Company,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Jenkins  University,  a  past 
owner  in  the  Hotel  Spokane,  and  past  owner  in 
the  Eagle  Block,  one  of  the  finest  structures  on 
Riverside  avenue.  He  is  also  a  large  holder  of 
real  estate  in  and  about  the  city.  Socially,  Mr. 
Brook  affiliates  with  the  Masonic  order,  and 
religiously  is  a  member  of  the  First  Methodist 
Church.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  most  pub- 
. lie-spirited  citizens  in  the  city,  and  by  general 
courtesy  and  gentlemanly  address  has  won  for 
himself  many  triends. 


^ 


^^^•^^-^^S^ 


ll  RTHUR  F.  KEES,  one  of  Walla  Walla's 
l\  bright  and  enterprising  young  farmers 
^  and  most  highly  respected  sons,  was  born 
in  this  county  November  13,  1867.  He 
was  reared  to  the  life  of  a  farmer  boy,  on  the 
tract  of  land  he  now-  occupies,  a  beautiful  farm 
seven  miles  northeast  of  Walla  Walla  city, 
upon  which  there  is  a  fine  farm  residence,  sur- 
rounded by  a  velvety  lawn,  dotted  with  branch- 
ing shade  trees.  During  his  boyhood  days  Mr. 
Kees  attended    the  district    school,  after   which 


he  studied  at  the  Baker  High  School  at  Walla 
Walla  and  completed  his  education  at  the  Whit- 
man College,  there  receiving  a  diploma  in  acad- 
emic course.  Aftergraduating  betook  a  courseat 
the  business  college  at  Portland,  from  which  he 
graduated  with  a  diploma  in  1891.  He  then 
returned  home. 

In  that  same  year,  on  October  8,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Susan  Stetson,  a  highly  accomplishd 
young  lady,  a  native  of  Umatilla  county,  Oregon, 
daughter  of  Clinton  and  Mary  (Dixon)  Stetson, 
who  had  come  to  Oregon  about  1860.  Our 
subject  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  one  little 
daughter,  who  came  to  them  August  14,  181)2, 
and  has  been  named  Lillian  Arline.  After  mar- 
riage Mr.  Kees  chose  for  his  life  work  the  oc- 
cupation of  farmer,  although  he  first  fitted  him- 
self for  life's  duties  by  acquiring  a  good 
education,  realizing  that  a  good  education 
is  a  farmer's  best  stock  in  trade.  His 
father,  Samuel  Kees,  was  born  in  Iowa, 
and  married  Elizabeth  Coyle,  a  native  of 
Illinois.  He  came  to  Oregon  when  he  was  a 
small  boy,  and  he  and  wife  have  had  a  family 
of  seven  children,  Arthur  being  the  third  child. 
Our  subject  believes  in  the  Republican  party 
and  always  casts  his  vote  with  it. 


OHN  II.    DUMON,  M.    D.,  a  physician  of 


II' 

lj>  J  Centralia,  is  well-known  throughout  south 
V^  western  Washington  as  an  able  practitioner. 
He  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  born 
Septen)ber  26,  1850,  the  son  of  Canadian  par- 
ents, John  F.  and  Sarah  (Rice)  Dumon;  his 
father  removed  from  the  Dominion  to  the  United 
States  in  1845,  and  settled  in  Michigan.  Dr. 
Dumon  is  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  seven  children. 
He  was  reared  according  to  the  simple  habits  of 
farm  life,  and  acquired  his  literary  education  in 
the  common  schools.  In  1873  he  began  study- 
ing for  his  profession  under  the  preceptorship 
of  his  brother,  D.  L.  Dumon,  M.  D.,  an  emin- 
ently successful  physician  of  Evart,  Michigan. 
When  he  was  ready  to  attend  lectures  he  entered 
the  medical  department  of  the  State  University 
of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  was  graduated 
from  this  renowned  institution  in  1877.  He 
began  practicing  in  Crystal,  Montcalm  county, 
Michigan,  where  he  resided  until  1888.  In  this 
year  be  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  decided 
to  locate  in  Centralia.     He  has  built  up  a  large 


HISTORY    OF    WAHHINOTON. 


and  lucrative  practice,  extending  throughout 
Lewis  and  into  adjoining  counties.  Ambitious 
for  liis  profession  as  well  as  for  his  own  attain- 
ments, he  is  a  faithful  reader  of  cut  rent  medical 
publications,  and  is  thoroughly  well  posted  upon 
the  recent  scientific  discoveries. 

In  politics  he  adheres  to  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  represents  that  body  as 
City  Health  Officer.  He  is  an  honored  member 
of  the  Royal  Order  of  Good  Fellows  and  United 
Workmen. 

Dr.  Dumon  was  united  in  marriage  in  Michi- 
gan, September  20, 1874,  to  Miss  Adell  Walters, 
who  was  also  a  native  of  Michigan. 


HARLES  F.  CLOUGH,  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Clough  &  Graves,  is  one 
of  the   most  enterprising   and   successful 
men  in   Spokane,  Washington. 

This  firm  is  well  known  not  only  in  Spokane 
but  also  throughout  the  Pacific  Northwest,  it 
being  composed  of  Hon.  U.  F.  Clough  and  Mr. 
J.  P.  Graves.  Since  its  advent  into  the  realty 
field,  the  firm  have  made  some  very  large  in- 
vestments: in  fact,  some  of  the  largest  invest- 
ments made  by  outside  capitalists  have  been 
negotiated  through  their  office.  By  their 
shiewdness,  their  judgment,  and  their  conserva- 
tive business  methods,  they  have  made  some  ex- 
cellent and  paying  investments,  thus  gaining  an 
enviable  reputation  and  building  up  a  business 
that  stands  pre-eminently  in  the  front  rank  of 
sound  enterprises.  The  aggregate  real  e.-tate 
made  by  this  firm  in  a  single  year  reached  $2,- 
000,000,  which  shows  the  confidence  reposed  in 
these  gentlemen  by  Eastern  and  Western  capi- 
talists. Both  members  of  the  firm  have  accum- 
ulated a  large  amount  of  very  valuable  property, 
l)oth  improved  and  unimproved,  consisting  in 
part  of  business  blocks  and  residences.  They 
have  made  a  specialty  of  organizing  syndicates 
for  the  purpose  of  buying  large  tracts  of  land, 
and  platting  and  selling  the  same.  The  differ- 
ent projects  of  this  nature  that  they  have  been 
engaged  in  were  in  every  instance  a  financial 
success,  and  the  members  of  the  firm  have  in- 
variably been  members  of  these  syndicates,  thus 
testifying  to  the  confidence  they  felt  in  their 
transactions.  One  tract  of  twelve  acres  was 
handled  by  them  in  this  manner,  the  syndicate 


paying  $70,000  for  the  property.  Inside  of 
six  months  the  property  was  sold  for  $281,000. 
While  this  was  an  exceptional  case,  they  have 
been  eminently  successful  in  making  profitable 
investments  for  all  the  companies  and  syndi- 
cates that  they  have  organized. 

Mr.  Clough  was  born  in  Rhode  Island,  De- 
cember 26,'  1843,  son  of  Zera  and  Sally  M. 
(Cook)  Clough,  natives  of  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island  respectively.  The  father,  a  pros- 
perous business  man,  died  about  the  year  1S49. 
The  mother  is  still  living  and  has  her  home  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island.  Both  the  Cloughs 
and  Cooks  are  of  English  descent.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  spent  his  youthful  days  on  a  farm 
and  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools. 

In  1861,  when  in  his  eighteenth  year,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  E,  Fourth  Rhode  Island  In- 
fantry, with  which  he  served  through  the  entire 
war.  He  was  with  Burnside's  expedition  in 
North  Carolina  in  January,  1862,  and  partici- 
])ated  in  all  the  engagements  of  that  campaign. 
In  July  of  the  same  year  he  was  transferred 
back  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  in  the 
fall  was  with  that  army  in  Maryland,  taking 
part  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain,  Antietam 
and  Fredericksburg.  Next,  iiis  company  was 
sent  to  Suffolk,  Virginia,  where  he  was  in  several 
skirmishes.  A  year  later  he  was  returned  to 
the  army  of  the  Potomac;  was  in  front  of 
Petersburg  until  the  surrender  of  Lee  in  April, 
I860.  He  was  mustered  out  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  July  25,  1865. 

After  the  war  Mr.  Clough  was  variously  em- 
ployed for  several  years.  He  conducted  a  mer- 
chandise business  at  Woonsocket,  Rhode  Island, 
for  a  time.  In  1876  he  made  a  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  Pacific 
coast  that  he  located  at  San  Francisco,  and  until 
1884  was  engaged  as  a  commercial  traveler.  He 
had  visited  Spokane  several  times  in  a  business 
way,  and  in  1884  resolved  to  locate  here.  In 
the  summer  of  that  year  he  opened  a  book  and 
stationery  store,  which  lie  successfully  conducted 
for  three  years,  ami  then  sold  out  in  order  to  en- 
gage in  his  present  business.  He  is  a  director 
in  the  Washington  Abstract  Company,  and  is  a 
director  and  treasurer  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce. In  political  matters  lie  has  taken  an 
active  part.  He  was  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  two  years,— in  1886-'87.  In  1890  he 
was  nominated  in  a  non-partisan  niass  conven- 
tion for  the  office  of  Mayor,  and  was  elected  by 
a  large  majority.      His  administration  has  been 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


a  credit  not  only  to  himself  but  also  to  the 
people  whom  he  faithfully  and  conscientiously 
sei'ved. 

Mr.  Ciough  has  been  married  twice.  In  1866 
he  wedded  Miss  Mary  Lewis,  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island.  She  died  leaving  one  son,  Lester  F., 
and  he  married  Miss  Carrie  H.  Signor,  a  native 
of  Illinois,  in  1889.  He  is  a  member  of  Sedgwick 
Post,  G.  A.  R. 


d|OSEl'H  GRUBER,  of  Vancouver,  Clarke 
county,   was  born  in  Germany,  July   25, 
1824,   a    son     of    Johan    and    Vincensia 
Gruber,  both  now  deceased.     Joseph,  the  third 


a  family  of  six  children,  was  educated  for  the 
priesthood,  but  nature  had  intended  him  for  a 
mechanic.  He  came  to  America  in  1864,  and 
in  the  same  year  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Four- 
teenth United  States  Infantry,  served  his  time 
in  Arizona,  and  ^-as  honorably  discharged  in 
1869.  Mr.  Gruber  then  spent  many  years  in 
San  Francisco,  California,  and  in  1882  removed 
to  Portland,  Oregon,  but  in  the  following  year 
came  to  Vancouver,  Washington.  He  has  de- 
voted his  entire  time  for  many  years  to  an  in- 
vention, which  has  at  last  been  brought  to  a 
successful  completion,  and  his  associates  are 
well  pleased  with  the  result  of  his  labors.  The 
machine  is  automatic  in  construction,  and  pro- 
duces power  by  a  new  process.  In  all  proba- 
bilities the  vexed  question  of  perpetual  motion 
has  been  solved,  and,  should  his  invention  prove 
to  be  all  that  is  claimed  for  it,  his  theory  will 
do  away  entirely  with  steam  power.  The  use 
of  fuel  for  creating  power  may  beconieathing  of 
the  past,  and  at  no  distant  day  our  ocean  steam- 
ers may  dispense  with  boilers  and  coal  bunkers. 
Many  of  Vancouver's  scientific  and  learned 
gentlemen  are  financially  interested  in  the  enter- 
prise, and  a  contract  has  been  filed  at  Washing- 
ton to  secure  a  patent. 

Mr.  Gruber  was  married  in  San  Francisco, 
California,  in  1877,  to  Christina  Uyer. 


r^^ 


> 


EORGE  H.  MOCKEL,  senior  member  of 
re   the  firm  of  A.  Young  &  Co.,  proprietors 
-Jj    of  the   Star   Brewery  and    Artificial   Ice 
■^   Company,  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, March    1,   1858,  a  son   of  Karsper    and 


Catherine  (Miller)  Mockel,  natives  also  of  that 
country.  George  H.,  the  third  in  a  family  of 
seven  children,  attended  school  between  the 
ages  of  six  and  fourteen  years,  and  was  reared 
to  mechanical  pursuits.  He  spent  about  eight- 
een months  in  the  iron  works  of  Bradford,  Eng- 
land, prior  to  sailing  to  America.  Mr.  Mockel 
located  in  Vancouver,  AVashington,  in  1874,  and 
in  1880  became  a  member  of  the  Star  Brewery 
Company. 

In  1886  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Maggie  Huth,  a  native  also  of  Germany.  They 
have  three  children:  Gertrude,  Henry  and  an 
infant  son.  Mr.  Mockel  is  a  member  of  the 
Driving  Park  Association,  and  affiliates  with 
the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men. 


D\R.  WILLIAM  W.  ELMER,  Spokane, 
I  Washington,  was  born  in  Belleville, 
— ■;  Hastings  county,  Ontario,  in  1887.  His 
parents,  Asha  and  Sarah  (Ball)  Elmer,  were 
Vircriniaus  by  birth  and  were  of  English  descent. 
They  moved  to  Canada  when  children,  and  the 
father  after  he  grew  up  was  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  wagons,  carriages  and  farm  im- 
plements. He  and  his  wife  were  members  of 
the  Baptist  Church.  Both  died  in  Belleville. 
They  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  being  the  sixth  born. 

Dr.  Elmer  was  educated  at  Kingston.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine in  the  office  of  Dr.  Dorland  at  Belleville, 
remaining  with  him  two  years.  Then  he  entered 
Queen's  College,  Kingston,  graduated  at  that 
institution  in  1858,  and  at  once  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Madoc.  There  he  con- 
ducted a  successful  practice  sixteen  years.  He 
next  spent  a  year  at  Chicago  and  then  located 
at  Bay  City,  Michigan,  where  he  resided  fifteen 
years  and  had  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In 
1889  he  came  to  Spokane.  Previous  to  this 
time  he  had  frequently  visited  the  Pacific 
coast  during  his  vacations,  and  had  often  been 
at  Spokane,  and  in  his  contributions  to  news- 
papers at  various  times  he  prophesied  that 
Spokane  would  become  a  large  city.  Imme- 
diately upon  his  location  here.  Dr.  Elmer 
identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  the  place 
and  soon  grew  into  a  large  practice.  While  his 
practice  is  general,  he  makes  a  specialty  of  sur- 
gical cases  and  diseases  of  women  and  children. 


U18T0RT    OF    WASUINOTON. 


Tlie  Doctor  lias  been  in  the  liabit  of  visiting 
New  York  every  year  or  two  for  tiie  ad  vantages 
to  be  gained  by  a  month  or  so  of  liospitai  prac- 
tice. While  in  Michigan  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  State  Medical  Association  and  of 
the  Bay  Connty  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Elmer  has  been  twice  married.  In  1857 
he  wedded  Elizabeth  i^erault,  who  died,  leaving 
two  sons, — William  Charles  and  Harry  Edward. 
In  1880  he  married  Kate  E.  Fuller,  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  they  have  one  daughter,  Kate 
E.  Mrs.  Elmer  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
Church. 

The  Doctor  has  invested  in  a  large  tract  of 
land  on  the  Cdlumbia  river  in  Walla  Wal'a 
county,  which  he  is  improving  and  developing 
for  fruit  farms,  it  being  in  the  fruit  belt  and 
very  valuable. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  ,0.  F. 

■ ^>3->¥ 

JAMES  D.  LOWMAN,  one  of  the  active, 
enterprising  yo\ing  business  men  of  Seat- 
tle, Washington,  w-as  born  in  Leitersburg, 
Maryland,  October  5,  1856,  and  is  a  s<m  of  Dan- 
iel S.  and  Caroline  (Lytle)  Lowman,  natives  of 
the  same  city,  and  of  German  and  English  de- 
scent respectively.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  and  high  schools  of  Leitersburg,  and 
taught  school  tor  one  year. 

In  1877  Mr.  Lowman  came  to  Seattle,  where 
his  uncle,  Henry  L.  Yesler,  resided,  and  secured 
employment  as  assistant  whartingeron  the  Yes- 
ler wharf,  being  thus  engaged  for  four  years. 
He  then  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  book 
and  stationery  etore  of  W.  H.  Pumphrey,  and, 
after  the  business  was  conducted  under  the  firm 
name  of  Pumphrey  &  Lowman  for  two  years,  he 
purchased  the  entire  interest  and  operated  it 
alone  up  to  1885.  That  year  he  organized  the 
Lowman  &  Hanford  Stationery  and  Printing 
Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  he 
continuing  as  president  and  principal  stock- 
holder, the  business  now  employing  a  force  of 
sixty  people  in  the  several  departments. 

In  1886  Mr.  Lowman  was  appointed  trustee 
of  all  of  Henry  L.  Yesler's  property,  and  as- 
sumed its  entire  control  and  management.  This 
estate,  which  was  vast  and  extended  in  its  pro- 
portit)n8,  had  become  encumbered  througli  the 
extensive  business  operations  of  Mr.  Yesler  pre 
ceding  a  depression  throughout  the  Sound  coun- 


try, and  it  required  a  man  of  keen  judgment  and 
business  sagacity  to  bring  order  out  of  the  ex- 
isting chaos.  Under  the  energetic  and  capable 
management  of  Mr.  Lowman,  only  a  few  years 
were  required  to  restore  the  property  from  an 
almost  insolvent  condition  to  be  one  of  the  most 
valuable  estates  in  Seattle,  notwithstanding  the 
great  loss  from  the  tire  of  1889,  when  the  income 
of  the  property  was  suddenly  reduced  from 
$60,000  per  year  to  nothing,  and  only  $65,000 
of  insurance  was  received.  Since  that  date  Mr. 
Lowman  has  erected  on  Pioneer  Place,  in  the 
very  business  center  of  Seattle,  three  of  the 
finest  buildings  in  the  city,  aggregating  upward 
of  1400,000;  and  the  improvements  in  other 
parts  of  the  city  will  increase  that  amount  by 
many  tliousands  of  dollars.  The  present  indebt- 
edness of  the  estate  is  much  less  than  when  he 
assumed  control  of  the  property.  With  the 
death  uf  Mrs.  Yesler  in  1887,  Mr.  Lowman  was 
also  appointed  administrator  of  her  estate,  a 
property  valuation  of  about  $250,000.  He  also 
organized  the  Yesler  Coal,  Wood  &  Lumber 
Company,  built  a  sawmill  on  Union  Bay,  Lake 
Washington,  for  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and 
lath,  on  the  line  of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  and  has  platted  the  town  site 
of  Yesler,  lie  continuing  as  secretary  and  prin- 
cipal stockholder  in  the  company.  Notwith- 
standing the  demands  of  tlieso  several  interests, 
he  is  prominently  connei'teil  with  various  other 
enterprises.  He  is  secretary  and  a  large  stock- 
holder in  the  Union  Trunk  Line,  known  as  the 
James  Street  liailroad  System,  witii  a  capital 
stock  of  ?51,000,000;  is  trustee  and  stockhuldtr 
of  the  Washington  National  Bank,  the  Guaranty 
Loan  &  Trust  Company,  the  Home  Insurance 
Company,  the  Denny  ilotel  Company,  and  the 
Seattle  Steam,  Heat  &  Power  Company;  is 
president  of  the  Seattle  Theatre  Company ;  built 
the  Lowman-Hanford  Block,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  many  private  enterprises  of  somewhat 
lesser  proportions. 

He  is  a  member  of  no  societies  and  is  not 
active  in  politics.  The  manifold  duties  which 
he  is  called  upon  to  perform  require  his  constant 
attention  and  most  able  efforts,  the  result  of  his 
laliors  being  well  known  to  Seattle's  business 
community.  His  good  judgment  has  been  vin- 
dicated and  his  integrity  of  character  has  become 
an  established  fact,  so  that  he  possesses  the  ab- 
solute (•(inti.Icni-c  (if  the  business  men  of  Seattle. 
His  coniirctioii  with  any  enterprise  readily  com- 
mends it  t(i  public-  support. 


niSTORr    OP     WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Lowiiian  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1881, 
to  Miss  Mary  R.  Emery, a  native  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  has  a  spacious  and  handsome  home  in 
Seattle  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  and  Marion 


Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing men  of  the  Northwest. 


!fJ[ON.  TEUSTEN  POLK  DYER,  member 
Ip^J    of  the    Seattle   bar,  was  born  in  Warren 
I     1     county,   Missouri,    May  27,  1856.     His 
■f/  parents.  Captain  George  W.  and  Mary  A. 

(Philpot)  Dyer,  were  natives  of  Virginia  and  of 
English  ancestry,  who  emigrated  at  an  early  day 
to  the  Virginia  Colony.  Captain  Dyer  was  a 
member  of  the  old  State  militia  of  Virginia  and 
emigrated  with  his  family  to  Missouri  in  1840, 
where  he  owned  slaves,  operated  a  large  planta- 
tion, was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  for  a 
number  of  years  and  was  one  of  the  foremost 
citizens  of  the  State.  With  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion,  though  a  slaveholder,  he  was 
loyal  to  the  Union  and  lost  his  life  in  defense  of 
his  country. 

Young  Dyer  was  thus  left  the  only  support 
of  his  widowed  mother  and  seven  sisters  (his 
only  brother  having  removed  to  Colorado  just 
after  the  close  of  the  war),  and  for  a  number  of 
years  he  toiled  on  the  farm  in  summer  and  at- 
tended school  during  the  winter  months.  At 
the  age  of  tifteen  he  entered  the  Central  Wes- 
leyan  College  at  Warrenton,  and  completed  his 
studies  at  the  Baptist  College  at  Louisiana,  Mis- 
souri. He  began  teaching  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, and  at  the  same  time  engaged  in  reading 
law  during  the  winter  evenings,  which  method 
he  followed  for  three  years  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  February,  1875.  He  then  entered 
the  office  of  his  brother,  David  P.  Dyer,  Pro- 
bate Judge  of  Warren  county,  and  engaged  in 
practice.  He  also  acted  as  Clerk  of  tiie  Probate 
Court.  In  1878  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  and 
for  two  years  held  the  position  of  Clerk  of  the 
Registry  Department  of  the  St.  Louis  post  office, 
meanwhile  during  the  day  attending  the  St. 
Lonis  Law  School,  where  Messrs.  H.  B.  Loomis, 
George  H.  Preston  and  Charles  F.  Fishback  of 
this  city  (Seattle)  were  his  classmates.  Being 
now  qualitied  by  a  severe  course  of  reading,  he 
entered  into  actvial  practice,  associating  himself 
with  his  uncle.  Colonel  D.  P.  Dyer,  of  St.  Louis, 


a  man  who  has  a  national  reputation  not  only  as 
a  military  hero  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion  but 
also  as  a  fearless  guardian  of  the  people's  inter- 
est as  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Mis- 
souri, atid  who  showed  his  high  ability  in  the 
celebrated  "whisky  ring"  cates  under  Presi- 
dent Grant's  administration.  Trusten  P.  Dyer 
was  once  the  unanimous  choice  of  his  party  for 
the  Legislature.  During  the  years  of  1884,  '85 
and  '86,  he  was  City  Attorney  for  St.  Louis,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1886  was  nominated  for  Prose- 
cuting Attorney,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small 
plurality.  He  was  for  three  years  prominently 
coimected  with  the  National  Guard  of  Missouri, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  of  the 
National  Guard  of  the  States  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  in  the  spring  of  1887. 

He  was  an  alternate  delegate  in  the  Republi- 
can  National  Convention  in  Chicago  in  1888, 
where  he  met  Hon.  Watson  C.  Squire  and  other 
gentlemen  of  prominence  of  the  then  Territory 
of  Washington,  and  through  them  learned  of 
the  activity  and  future  promise  of  Seattle,  and 
in  July  of  the  same  year  he  removed  to  this  city. 
Soon  afier  locating  here,  Mr.  Dyer  became  as- 
sociated in  the  practice  of  law  with  Judge  Rich- 
ard Osborn,  under  the  firm  name  of  Osborn  & 
Dyer.  This  partnership  continued  until  the 
spring  of  1890,  when,  owing  to  Judge  Osborn's 
increased  duties  in  the  probate  office,  which  took 
him  from  the  genei'al  practice,  the  partnership 
was  dissolved  and  the  firm  of  Dyer  &  Craven 
WPS  organized,  and  this  continued  until  the 
spring  of  1892.  Since  then  Mr.  Dyer  has  prac- 
ticed alone. 

lie  has  always  been  an  ardent  Republican, 
even  when  living  in  a  State  where  it  tried  men's 
nerves  to  advance  Republican  ideas.  He  aided 
in  organizing  the  "Harrison  Legion"  in  Seattle 
in  1888,  and  was  the  first  president  of  that  body, 
taking  an  active  interest  in  the  campaign.  He 
aided  materially  in  redeeming  King  county  from 
Democratic  rule.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  which  assembled  at 
Olympia  July  4,  1889,  to  frame  the  present 
constitution  of  Washington.  He  served  on  sev- 
eral of  the  most  important  committees  and  was 
frequently  called  upon  to  preside  during  the 
absence  of  the  president  of  the  convention.  Mr. 
Dyer  was  also  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Washington  from  the  city  of  Seattle 
in  November,  1890,  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
He  served  during  the  sessions  of  1891  and  1893, 
and  was  president  pro   tetn.  of  the  last  Senate. 


UISTORT    OF    WAISIIINGTON. 


He  was  cliairmaii  and  member  of  several  of  the 
most  important  committees.  Through  his  la- 
bors and  efforts  many  good  laws  are  now  on  the 
statute  books  of  Washington. 

Mr.  Dyer  was  married  in  Seattle,  June  18, 
1889,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Pontius,  a  native  of  the 
city,  and  daughter  of  Rezin  W.  and  Margaret  J. 
(Brinley)  Pontius,  pioneers  of  the  State.  Mr. 
Dyer  is  pi-ominent  in  Matonry;  has  received  the 
Thirty-second  degree  of  the  Scottish  rite,  is 
Eminent  Commander  of  the  Seattle  Comman- 
dery,  li.  T.,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine;  he  has  held  many  important  positions 
in  the  fraternity. 

He  owns  valuable  real  estate  about  the  city, 
which  he  has  developed  and  improved,  and  he  is 
largely  interested  in  the  Dyer  &  Freed  Manu- 
facturing Company,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers 
in  sash,  doors  and  builders'  supplies.  '•  Dyer 
avenue,"  one  of  the  most  beautiful  residence 
streets  of  Seattle,  was  named  I'rom  him. 

Thus  briefly  have  we  outlined  the  trials  and 
triumphs  of  one  of  Seattle's  self-made  men,  who 
was  quick  to  foresee  events,  grasp  opportunities, 
and  by  personal  and  persistent  effort  and  enter- 
prise has  steadily  ascended  the  scale  and  attained 
his  present  position  of  honor  and  distinction 
among  men. 


Tjjf  ERBERT  E.  LIXDSLEY.—The  continu- 
rp-jl    ous  flow   of    emigration    to   the    Paciflc 
I     41    coast  has  carried   from  the   Eastern  and 
•%/  Middle  States  some  of  their  most  worthy 

sons,  and  has  given  to  the  coast  States  that  ag- 
gressive and  determined  spirit  that  yields  nor 
wearies  not  until  its  desires  are  an  accomplished 
fact.  To  this  class  of  citizens  belongs  Herbert 
E.  Lindsley,  a  resident  of  Centralia.  Ho  was 
born  in  the  State  of  Michigan,  Washtenaw 
county,  September  20,  1864,  a  son  of  George  C. 
and  Alniira  (Seekell)  Lindsley,  natives  of  the 
same  State,  and  an  only  child.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  and  was  reared 
to  tlie  life  of  a  farmer.  In  1889  he  came  to 
Washington  and  located  in  Centralia,  where  he 
secured  a  position  as  clerk;  he  was  afterward 
employed  by  a  sash  and  door  manufacturing 
company  as  bookkeeper,  during  which  time  he 
|)roved  his  sound  judgtnent  and  superior  busi- 
ness ability. 

He  was  elected  to  the  oflice  of  City  Clerk   in 
1892,  and  at  the  close  of  the  same  year  was  re- 


elected to  the  office.  He  has  discharged  his 
duties  with  entire  satisfaction  to  the  public  and 
has  shown  himself  worthy  of  the  confidence  re- 
posed in  him.  He  is  a  stanch  and  active  Re- 
publican, and  is  an  enthusiasticsupporter  of  the 
movements  to  elevate  the  educational  standard  of 
the  State.  Honorable  in  all  his  dealings  atid  kindly 
counteous  of  manner,  he  has  won  a  host  of 
friends  in  the  home  of  his  a(Iu|)tion. 

Mr.  Lindsley  consummated  the  most  import- 
ant event  of  his  life  when  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage July  15,  1891,  to  Miss  Gertrude  Green,  a 
native  of  Illinois. 


il  IjlLLIAM  EASTMAN,  who  is  engaged 
vi/  in  farming  in  the  Chehalis  valley,  has 
^  been  a  resident  of  the  Northwest  for 
many  years  and  is  familiar  with  every  phase  of 
life  on  this  coast,  having  moved  about  from 
place  to  place  and  been  engaged  in  various  oc- 
cupations. 

Mr.  Eastman  was  bor.i  in  New  York  State  in 
1828,  and  lived  at  his  native  place  until  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age.  From  there  he  moved  to 
Winnebago  county,  Illinois,  where  he  lived  for 
six  years.  In  1852  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
California,  landing  at  "  Hangtown,"  and  there 
for  six  years  worked  in  the  gold  mines.  Then 
he  went  to  the  Fraser  river  mines,  whence,  after 
a  mining  experience  of  six  months,  he  removed 
and  located  in  Olympia,  Washington.  Next  he 
went  to  the  Columbia  river,  and  from  there  to 
Cowlitz  county,  remaining  in  Cowlitz  couyity 
three  years,  and  within  that  time  (in  18G0)  was 
married.  In  the  spring  of  1862,  his  thirst  for 
mining  being  still  unsatisfied,  he  set  out  for  the 
Salmon  river  mines,  where  he  remained  about 
six  months.  Then  he  settled  in  Lewis  county, 
nine  years  later  moved  to  Olympia,  seven  or 
eight  years  afterward  retnriiei.l  to  Lewis  county, 
and  subsequently  went  back  to  Thurston  county 
again.  After  living  in  Thurston  county  about 
one  year,  he  removed  to  Lincoln  creek,  Lewis 
county,  and  from  there,  a  year  later,  came  to  his 
present  location  in  the  Chehalis  valley,  where 
he  has  since  lived. 

Mrs.  Eastman's  maiden  name  was  Laura  R. 
Chapman.  She  was  born  in  Lafayette  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1843,  and  lived  in  that  county 
until  she  was  nine  years  of  age.  She  came  di- 
rect from  Wisconsin  to  Cowlitz  county,  AVash- 


HISTORT    OF    WAt<HTNGTON. 


ington.  The  family  left  their  Wisconsin  home 
April  15,  1852;  were  six  months  in  cossing  the 
plains,  arriving  at  their  destination  (then  Oregon 
Territory)  October  29.  Tiie  Indians  at  one 
point  en  route  attempted  to  take  Laura  and 
another  little  girl  captive,  and  later  on  offered 
a  pony  in  exchange  for  the  former.  Mr.  and 
and  Mrs.  Eastman  have  a  family  of  thirteen 
children,  namely:  William  A.,  Edward  W., 
Hannah  B.,  Mark  O.,  Alva  O.,  Jessie  J.,  Frank 
v.,  Irwin  R,  Clarence  W.,  Oren,  Laura  M., 
Erie  R.  and  Arthur  C. 


JILLIAM  COSTLY,  who  has  been  iden- 

„,  „,     tified    with     the    farming    interests  of 

■i  Ml     Lewis   county,   Washington,   since  the 

year  1882,  is  one  of  the   representative   men   of 

his  vicinity. 

Mr.  Costly  was  boin  in  Dade  county,  Mis- 
souri, September  25,  1837,  and  when  he  was 
nine  years  old  moved  with  his  parents  to  Grant 
county,  Wisconsin.  In  Wisconsin  he  lived  for 
about  forty  ye^rs,  when,  deciding  that  he  conld 
better  his  condition  by  seeking  a  change  of  lo- 
cation, he  moved  to  Nebraska.  He  remained 
in  Nebraska,  however,  only  about  three  years, 
when  he  was  again  seized  with  tlie  spirit  of  em- 
igration. This  time  Lewis  county,  Washing- 
ton, was  his  objective  point,  and  here,  since 
1882,  he  has  made  his  home. 

Mr.  Costly  was  in  the  Civil  war  from  Febru- 
ary 9,  1864,  nntil  June  14,  L865,  rendering  ef- 
ficient service  while  in  the  ranks,  being  a  mem- 
ber of  Comany  H,  Seventh  Wisconsin  Infantry. 

He  was  married  in  1860,  at  Georgetown, 
Wisconsin,  to  Miss  Amanda  Reed,  a  native  of 
Ohio.  She  moved  from  Indiana  to  Wisconsin 
when  eighteen  years  old,  and  in  the  latter  State 
remained  until  her  marriage.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Costly  have  four  children:  Martha  Susan, 
Jennie  E.,  William  D.  and  Francis  M. 


jILLIAM  SANDYS,  junior  member 
of  the  firm  of  Sandys  Brothers,  is 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  mills 
situated  three  miles  east  of  La  Center. 
This  business  was  established  by  Sandys 
Brothers  about  eleven  years  ago,  and  although 


the  plant  is  unpretentious  they  have  con- 
ducted a  good  local  trade.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  important  industries  of  the  neighborhood, 
having  a  capacity  of  2,000  feet  daily,  and  being 
in  operation  eight  months  of  the  year.  The 
machinery  is  so  adjusted  as  to  run  by  either 
steam  or  water  power,  the  latter  being  utilized 
a  part  of  the  season.  The  product  of  the  mill 
is  plain  and  dressed  lumber,  flooring  and  ceil- 
ing; there  is  al.-o  an  attachment  for  grinding 
graham  flour  and  chopping  feed,  which  provis- 
ion is  of  great  advantage  to  customer..  The 
machinery  is  of  modern  invention  and  is  kept 
in  excellent  order  by  these  thrifty  millers. 

William  Sandys  is  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  born  April  9,  1846,  and  the  young- 
est of  the  six  children  of  Samuel  and  Annie 
Sandys;  the  father  was  a  native  of  England,  and 
his  wife  was  born  in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Tlie 
family  removed  to  the  West  in  1856,  and  lo- 
cated in  Nemaha  county,  Kansas.  In  1873  our 
worthy  snbject  pushed  his  way  to  the  coast,  and 
located  in  Clarke  county.  Here  he  owns  forty 
acres  of  land  well  suited  to  agriculture;  twenty 
acres  are  in  an  advanced  state  of  cultivation,  and 
he  has  a  small  orchard  of  choice  varieties  of 
fruits. 

Politically  Mr.  Sandys  adheres  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Republican  party,  believing  that 
those  principles  made  practical  would  greatly 
increase  the  prosperity  of  the  country.  He  has 
alwajs  been  one  of  the  most  industrious  and 
economical  of  men,  and  has  don(!  his  share  in 
developing  and  establishing  the  industries  that 
have  placed  Clarke  county  in  the  front  ranks  of 
Washington's  brilliant  assemblage.  Mr.  Sandys 
is   unmarried. 

[1  K.  BURT,  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil, and  a  prominent  merchant  of  Van- 
couver, was  born  in  Edgar  county,  Illi- 
nois, August  24,  1853,  a  son  of  Manuel 
and  Lucinda  (Tefft)  Burt,  the  former  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  the  latter  of  New  York.  The 
mother  was  descended  from  one  of  the  early 
families  of  that  State.  The  Burts  were  early 
pioneers  of  the  Buckeye  State.  The  ancestors 
came  to  America  in  the  seventeenth  century 
and  figured  prominently  in  the  Indian  and  Rev- 
olutionary wars. 

A.  K.  Burt,  the  eldest  of  three  children,  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Adair  county,  Missouri, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


where  his  parents  had  moved  at  the  close  of  tlie 
Kebellion.  He  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
in  that  State  until  1880;  engaged  in  the  same 
occupation  in  Minnesota  for  a  time,  went  thence 
to  ISiew  Orleans,  and  finally  returned  to  Mis- 
souri. From  1880  until  1884  he  followed  farm- 
ing in  Clarke  county,  Washington,  and  in  the 
latter  year  embarked  in  business  in  Vancouver, 
virtually  without  capital.  His  stock  then  con- 
sisted of  only  fish  and  poultry,  and  two  years 
later  lie  added  groceries  to  his  business,  and 
this  enterprise  flourished  until  1889.  June  22, 
of  that  year,  the  entire  enterprise  was  practi- 
cally wiped  out  by  tire,  and,  as  there  was  no 
insurance  on  his  stock,  it  was  a  total  loss. 
Nothing  daunted,  however,  Mr.  IJurt  again 
started  business  with  no  other  capital  than  a 
few  debts  and  plenty  of  pluck  and  perseverance. 
His  trade  now,  although  a  local  one,  has  become 
lucrative,  and  will  compare  favorably  with  othe^ 
grocery  houses  of  the  city.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  a  memlier  of  the  City  Council,  is  ^dso  a 
member  of  the  following  committees:  tire,  water, 
health,  police,  election,  and  is  chairman  of  the 
landing  and  wharf  committees.  Politically,  he 
is  a  stanch  and  active  Republican.  Mr.  Burt 
affiliates  with  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men 
and  the  U.  O.  A.  M.,  in  both  of  which  he  has 
passed  the  official  chairs. 

Our  subject  was  united  in  mai-riage  to  Miss 
Sarah  Gadeon,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  they  have 
three  children:  Rosa  D  ,  Mary  A.,  and  Nellie  E. 


G 


HARLESW.  CUSHING,  of  YancoMver, 
a  contractor  in  painting  and  decorating, 
was"  born  in  Vermont,  May  20,  1855,  a 
son  of  John  A.  and  Sarah  (Jacques)  Cr.shing, 
natives  also  of  that  State.  The  paternal  ances- 
tors were  of  English  descent,  and  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  New  England.'  The  mater- 
nal ancestors  of  our  subject  were  French,  but 
located  in  America  before  Revolutionary  days. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cushing  located  in  Galosburg, 
Knox  county,  Illinois,  where  Charles  W.  at- 
tended school,  and  later  apprenticed  himself  to  a 
house  and  general  painter.  He  worked  as  a 
journeyman  in  this  art  until  1880.  then,  for  a 
brief  period,  followed  his  trade  in  Kansas,  and 
then  returned  to  Illinois.  In  1883  Mr.  Cash- 
ing opened  business  on  his  own  account  in  Van- 
couver,   Washington,    and,    although    starting 


with  scarcely  any  capital,  but  being  a  thorough 
mechanic,  he  has  been  able,  by  hard  vvork  and 
perseverance,  to  reach  the  top  rounds  in  the 
laddei  of  his  profession.  In  his  line  he  con- 
trols almost  the  entire  trade  of  Vancouver,  and 
employs  about  ten  or  twelve  men,  and  often 
double  that  number  in  the  busy  season.  Mr. 
Cushing  contracted  for  and  superintended  the 
painting  on  the  Columbia  Hotel,  the  county 
courthouse,  the  Asylum  for  Defective  Youths, 
and  many  other  large  buildings  of  Vancouver, 
both  public  and  private,  besides  doing  a  large 
amountof  Government  work.  His  present  place 
of  business  is  on  Eighth  and  B  streets,  where  he 
carries  a  large  stock  of  mixed  paints,  lead,  oil, 
glass,  mouldings  and  wall  paper. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  this  city,  to  Miss 
Bertha  Hack,  a  native  of  Oregon,  who  died  No- 
vember 14,  1886.  February  29,  1889,  Mr. 
Cushing  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Fran- 
ces Jacques. 

JAMES  REED  YOCOM,  M.  D.,  of  Tacoma, 
one  of  the  foremost  representatives  of  the 
medical  profession  in  that  city,  is  a  native 
of  Swedesburg,  Pennsylvania,  born  Septem- 
ber 23,  1862,  and  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  S. 
Yocom,  a  well-known  and  able  clergyman  of 
the  Episcopal  Church.  In  1870,  the  family  re- 
ranved  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  in  1876  to 
Richmond,  Staten  Island,  where  the  parents  now 
reside. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  fitted  himself  ftu- 
college  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  lironklyn, 
and  entered  Harvard  in  1881,  nt  wliicli  institu- 
tion he  graduated  with  honor  in  1885.  Having 
determined  on  the  adoption  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession as  his  life  work,  he  matriculated  at  the 
medical  department  of  Harvard  University,  and 
graduated  at  that  time-honored  institution  in 
1888.  Subsequently,  he  traveled  abroad  tha"t  he 
might  the  better  prepare  himself  for  entering 
fully  upon  his  profession.  For  ten  months  he 
studied  in  Germany  and  throughout  Europe, 
visiting  the  famous  institutions  of  Berlin  and 
other  European  hospitals,  including  those  of 
London  and  Edinburg,  which  observation  gave 
scope  and  direction  to  his  previous  studies.  On 
his  return  to  his  native  land,  he  decided  to  cast 
his  lot  with  the  people  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
chose  Tacoma  as  the  site  of  his  future  operatitms. 


HISTOUY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


In  his  practice  he  lias  been  eminently  success- 
Inl,  and  has  prominently  identified  himself  with 
the  professional  interests  of  that  city  and  rhe 
entire  iSJorthwest. 

Dr.  Yocom  was  appointed  Health  Officer  of 
Tacoma  in  1892  and  '93,  and  in  connection 
with  the  duties  of  that  position  is  recognized  as 
thoroughly  efficient,  and  he  is  also  on  the  visit- 
ing staff  of  the  Fannie  Paddock  Memorial  Hos- 
pital, besides  which  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Pierce  County  Medical  Society. 

In  1888,  the  Doctor  was  married  to  Miss 
Joanna  Breene,  of  Boston,  who  assists  him  in 
dispensing  a  generous  liospitality  to  his  many 
warm  frieds  in  the  Northwest. 


11  MADEUS  R.  PINKNEY,  city  electrician 
l\  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  North  Royalton, 
\  Ohio,  August  8,  1862,  a  son  of  Robert 
R.  Pinkney,  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  En- 
gland. The  latter  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1812,  settling  in  Bridgeport,  Connec- 
ticut, where  he  conducted  a  tannery  fur  several 
•  years.  He  was  married  in  Bridgeport,  to  Miss 
Rose  Murray,  a  native  of  that  city  and  of  Ii-ish 
descent.  In  1842  they  removed  to  Cuyahoga 
county,  Ohio,  locating  on  a  farm  purchased  by 
his  father  in  1825. 

A.  R.  Pinkney  was  primarily  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  La  Grange,  later  attended  the 
Catholic  parochial  school  of  Grafton,  and  in  1877 
entered  Oberlin  College,  graduating  at  the  latter 
institution  in  1881.  Having  given  careful  at- 
tention to  the  study  of  chemistry  and  electricity, 
he  decided  upon  the  latter  branch  as  a  profes- 
sion; and  to  perfect  himself  in  its  uses  as  applied 
to  arc  and  incandescent  lighting,  he  applied  to 
the  Tliompson-Houston  Company,  and  was  al- 
lowed to  enter  their  manufactory  at  Lynn,  Mas- 
sachusetts. At  personal  expense,  and  without 
salary,  Mr.  Pinkney  remained  in  the  factory 
eighteen  months,  and  became  proficient  in  every 
department.  He  was  then  employed  by  the 
company  in  installing  electric  plants  in  cities 
throughout  the  East,  and  also  in  South  America 
until  1884,  when  the  Cleveland  Electric  Light 
Company  was  organized,  and  Mr.  Pinkney  was 
employed  as  their  electrician.  In  June,  1886, 
he  came  to  Seattle,  as  electrician  for  the  Seattle 
Electric  Light  Company.  He  remained  with 
tluit  company  through   the  succeeding  changes 


and  consolidations  until  April,  1892,  and  was 
then  appointed  City  Electrician  by  the  Fire 
Commissioners,  entering  upon  the  duties  of  the 
office  May  1.  The  office  embraces  the  tire,  po- 
lice and  water  electric  departments,  utilizing 
fifty-seven  and  a  half  miles  of  wire,  with  nu- 
merous signal  boxes,  improved  macbinery  fur 
fire  and  police  service  connected  with  headquar- 
ters, and  electric  indicators  at  the  reservoir 
connected  with  the  office  of  water  d^partment, 
all  furnished  with  the  most  modern  attachments, 
and  under  the  constant  supervision  of  the  skill- 
ful electrician. 

Mr.  Pinkney  was  married  November  5,  1890, 
to  Miss  Ella  Murphy,  a  native  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  They  have  one  child,  Amadeus  R.  So- 
cially, our  subject  affiliates  with  the  Young 
Men's  Institute,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  A.  O.  of  F., 
and  is  treasurer  of  the  Seattle  Y^acht  Club.  In 
tlie  latter  organization  be  derives  much  pleas- 
ure, owning  an  interest  in  a  yacht,  and  is  an 
enthusiast  in  that  manly  sport. 


THOMAS  ROCHESTER  SHEPARD,  one 
of  the  busiest  practitioners  in  corporation 
law  in  Seattle,  was  born  in  Dansville, 
Livingston  county.  New  Y'ork,  in  1852,  a 
son  of  Charles  and  Catherine  (Colman)  Shepard, 
natives  also  of  that  State.  The  paternal  ances- 
tors came  from  England,  and  settled  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  1638,  and  the  descendants  are  now 
scattered  through  Connecticut,  Pennsylvania 
and  New  Y'ork.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  a  grandchild  of  Colonel  Nathaniel  Roches- 
ter, of  Westmoreland  county,  Virginia,  who 
served  through  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  then 
settled  in  the  little  town  called  Falls  Village, 
but  the  name  of  which  was  subsequently  changed 
in  honor  of,  him,  tu  Rochester,  New  York. 
Charles  Shepard,  who  is  still  living,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  was  one  of  the  active  citizens  of 
Dansville,  was  an  extensive  property  holder, 
president  of  the  first  railroad  which  entered  the 
town,  and  always  foremost  in  matters  of  enter- 
prise atid  development. 

Thomas  Rochester  Shepard.  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  received  his  preparatory  education 
by  private  instruction,  and  at  the  Seminary  of 
Dansville.  He  next  entered  "Williston  Semi- 
nary, at  East  Hampton,  Massachusetts,  gradii- 
I  ated  there  in  1870,  and  then  became  a  student  of 


7a^^^X 


Yalo  College.     He  left  t' 
cotiipletiog    the  fresinna 
civil    engineer    in    i 
wiiicli  iie  contimi'   . 
until  January,  1'^". 
in  the  Btiidy    •' 
Sliepard,  at 
close  ami   ]■  . 
■bar  on    Vr' 
March    M' 

hrot'"  :  .in I    III 

h^T.  'ler   removed  to 

wa:i'  -  joined  by  hisi  brotlier, 

and  "i-  . ■•  !  iiL'i  m  general  practice  in  the 
tStfito  and  [•"edcral  Courts,  giving  particular 
attention  to  commercial  law.  In  1888  they  pub- 
lished Sliepard's  Wisconsin  Dij^fest  of  the  Su- 
prenie  Court  Reports,  a  two- volume,  octavo 
edition,  which  came  into  general  nse. 

The  above  firm  dissolved  partnership  in  1889, 
and  Mr.  Shepard  came  to  the  Puget  Sonnd  coun- 
try, locatinij,  after  due  consideration,  in  Seattle. 
On  April  10,  1889.  he  opened  an  office,  where 
1...  (..;;•  .  M  -.f;;  .f,,.,,,,^  fire  .-f  June,  follow- 
ii.^,  '.  !■    !'. 

Lv<- 

or  •: 
thi-i. 

thrtn    ii.M. 

in  the  8upr 

of  the  bona    ,. 

Seattle,  and  by  wininni^  ;iu-. 

city    to    issue    nearly  $1,000,0 

sewer  bonds.     In   November,  l"-' 

Into  partnership  with  Judge  Thoma.s  iJuiLi 

Mr.  Andrew  Woods,  under  the  style  of    Hur!.  . 

Shepard  &  Woods,  and  they  are  still  among  ti 

leading  law  firms  of   the  city.     They  are  atti'^ 

neys  for  the  grcH-it  Northern  Railroad,  and  gi» 

partifular   )itt<^nlion    to  corporate  law.      In   li 

intorfiBt  of  the  Hrm  Mr.  Shepard  has  been  proi; 

nently  connected  with  the  Seattle    Harbor    Li. 

case,   one  of    the   most   important  cases  »>f  the 

State,  as  it  involved  the  rights  of  all  fjwncrs  of 

property  abutting  up  •;,   *iie    .\ar»>r    ways  of)  the 

State.     The  firm  "i  le  in  the  Sup'' 

rior  Court,  which  ^  the  Snpr'ei' 

Court.    i.  .    ^v-..  :    '.V  !,;■,■ 

fore  ' 

The   - 

•rarding  i,i.  u>v  nu-  •■■>]<. i  , 

to  abutting   ;,  street  grade- 

etc..  was  coil'    .  r  and  Supreii'! 


J 


iatnawes  were  se- 
.'e  with  the  litiga- 
ard  the  issuing  of 
e.  Being  a  close 
licia!  mind,  with 
chieved  a  recog- 
y  especially  upon 

in  1879,  to  Miss 
ville,  New  York. 
[acCartney  Shep- 


I  AMES  R.  MeDnXALI),  one  of  the  jjrom- 

>f   the  State    was 


,;- 

lion  an.i 

•■■k 

all  boti.i.- 

.      .-d 

student,  a 

iic.  E. 

quick  Co  !i 

nd  by 

nized  stn 

-,,.tlu> 

points  oi   i,t.,. 

Mr.  Shepard    was     ■ 

iroline  Mm;Cartnev, 

■•>icui. 

t  ley  have  one  child,  A 

J    Mil- 

ard." 

inent  rail 


born  in  <- 
His  father,  Di  . 
"verness,  in  the 
early  manhood  ( 
engayjed  in  farm 


I.  Api-iUC,  1844. 
was  born  in  In- 
Scotland,  and  in 
anada,  where  he 
lumbering  busi- 


ness.     He -was  married  in  Canada  to  Miss  Ann 
McDonald,  also  of    lii_'iiland    Scotch   ancestry. 
James  R.  was  reared  upon  the  farm  and  was  af- 
fortfed  the  usual  educational  advantages  allotted 
n.  fii!  .ij.M^"  <  '11  •.      At   the  ao-e   of    nineteen,   he 
id    passed   three 
;s,  in    which   oc- 
•actical    training 
r.     About  1866 
i  in  the    lumber 
.vhere  he   began 
icquired   an   in- 
ually  liecame  ati 
a  1 10  lit    fifteen 
^e  of  success, 
bei-ing  interests 
1883    Mr.   Mc- 
and  became  so 
t'ealthof  timber 
once  purchased 
ounty.     In  the 
,-•1  Seattle  Lumber 

(  secretary.    Tiie 

largest  lumber- 
er his  manage- 
oad    were  con- 
ing the  timber 
wn  of  Shelton 
icted   president 
•   light  an  interest 
.1.     These  indus- 
. led   up  to  1890, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


wlien  tlie  several  interests  were  merged  into  the 
Washington  Southern  Railway  Company  and 
incorporated  with  a  capital  stock  of  $15,000,000, 
the  intention  buing  to  extend  their  road  to  the 
Straits  of  Fuca,  and  to  connect  with  the  north- 
ern and  central  trans-continental  routes.  Mr. 
McDonald  was  elected  president  of  the  company. 
Periliminary  surveys  have  been  made  and  plans 
are  being  consummated  looking  toward  rapid 
construction.  Mr.  McDonald  was  also  an  act- 
ive participant  in  the  organization  and  con- 
struction of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Sliore  and  Eastern 
Railroad,  and  acted  as  president  for  about  five 
years,  nntil  the  road  was  sold  to  the  Northern 
Pacific    Pacific    company,    in   February,    1890. 

Mr.  McDonald  was  married  in  1870,  to  Miss 
Ilarriette  F.  Felton  of  Bay  City,  Michigan. 
Two  children  have  blessed  this  union :  Donald  J. 
and  Ilarriette  A. 

Althongli  Mr.  McDonald  has  been  interested 
financially  in  other  business  enterprises,  his 
especial  attention  has  been  given  to  his  lumber 
and  railroad  interests,  in  the  management  of 
which  lie  has  achieved  cons])icuons  success. 
From  his  arrival  on  tlie  Sound  liis  faith  in 
Seattle's  future  greatness  lias  been  unlimited, 
and  he  stands  among  the  foremost  to  contribute 
to  such  enteiprises  as  tend  to  the  development 
and  prosperity  of  this  city  of  his  adoption. 


HARLES  F.  FISH  BACK,  one  of  the 
representative  attornies  of  the  Seattle 
bar,  was  born  in  Warren  county,  Indiana, 
July  9,  1856.  His  parents,  General  William 
H.  and  Sarah  T.  Fishback,  were  natives  respect- 
ively of  the  States  of  Indiana  and  Ohio.  The 
Fishback  ancestry  were  from  Holland,  and  were 
among  the  earliest  immigrants  who  assisted  in 
the  foundation  and  settlement  of  Virginia.  His 
mother,  Sarah  T.  Fishback,  was  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Daniel  Boone,  the  famous  pioneer  of 
Kentucky.  His  father,  General  Fishback,  was 
educated  for  the  law,  and  in  the  eatly  years  of 
1  is  manhood  located  at  Olatlie,  the  seat  of 
Johnson  county,  Kansas;  this  was  in  1859. 
During  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  took  a 
conspicuous  part  on  the  side  of  the  Union;  was 
appointed  Colonel  of  a  regiment  of  Kansas 
volunteers,  which  he  resigned  1o  accept  an 
appointment  as  Brigadier  General  of  the  State 
niilitia,  and  in  the  later  years  of  the  war  was  on 


the  staff  of  Major  General  Curtis.  General 
Fishback  was  a  conspicuous  figure  in  tlie  civil 
aid  political  history  of  Kansas,  representing  his 
county  in  botli  brandies  of  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, and  being  from  time  to  time  prominently 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  highest  offices 
of  the  State. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  Charles  F.  Fish- 
back, received  his  early  education  partly  in  the 
public  schools  and  academies  of  Olathe  and 
partly  at  tlie  State  University  of  Kansas.  He 
graduated  at  the  Poole  College  at  Olathe,  and 
in  1880  graduated  in  the  law  department  of 
Wasinngtoii  University,  familiarly  known  as 
the  "  St.  Lonis  Law  Sciiool,"  having  taken  the 
two  years'  course  at  law  in  a  single  year,  and 
having  passed  both  examinations  with  honor, 
and  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  On  motion 
of  Henry  Hitchcock,  then  dean  of  the  faculty, 
Mr.  Fishback  was  at  once  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  St.  Louis,  l)ut  commenced  practice  at  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado,  where  he  was  attracted  by  the 
great  silver- mining  excitement.  He  gained  his 
first  reputation  as  an  eloquent  advtjcate  in  the 
defense  of  Charles  E.  Bakewell,  charged  with 
the  murder  of  two  policemen  who  were  attempt- 
ing his  arrest.  These  trials  were  conspicuous 
in  the  early  history  of  Leadville,  and  gave  Mr. 
Fishback  such  a  reputation  as  enabled  him  to 
immediately  enter  upon  a  lai-ge  and  lucrative 
practice,  tliough  only  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

After  various  experiences  in  the  flush  time  of 
Colorado,  Mr.  Fishback  removed  to  California 
in  1887,  and  located  at  Lakeport,  in  Lake 
county,  where  he  stood  at  the  head  of  the  local 
bar,  and  in  April,  1890,  concluding  that  the 
ojjportunities  were  too  limited  for  his  ambition, 
decided  to  remove  and  locate  either  at  San  Fran- 
cisco or  Seattle.  His  first  visit  to  Piiget  Sound 
settled  the  question  of  his  future  location,  and 
he  soon  after  removed  to  'the  Queen  City,  and 
established  his  permanent  home.  Soon  after 
his  arrival  he  was  appointed  Assistant  District 
Attorney,  under  Ccjlonel  E.  M.  Carr,  for  the 
district  then  composed  of  King,  Kitsap,  and 
Snohomish  counties.  He  soon  obtained  the- 
entire  confidence  of  his  tuperior  in  office,  and 
virtually  had  complete  charge  of  the  duties  of 
the  office  nntil  the  end  of  the  official  term. 

Mr.  Fishback  afterward  formed  a  partnership 
in  the  general  practice  of  law,  witii  Thomas  B. 
Hardin,  and  the  firm  was  afterward  strengthen- 
ed by  an  alliance  with  John  H.  Elder.  The 
firm   of   Fishback,  Elder  &  Hardin  enjoys  the 


HlSroiiy    OF    WASHINGTON. 


confiduiic'e  of  the  business  community  in  a 
large  degreJ,  and  as  the  gentleman  coinposincr 
it  are  men  of  lil)eral  education  and  broad  experi- 
ence, tlie  future  of  the  firm  is  apt  to  become 
conspicnous  throughout  the  N^orthwest. 

Mr.  Fishhack  is  already  a  prominent  figure 
in  the  politics  of  Washington,  having  been  a 
member  of  every  State  convention  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  since  tlie  organization  of  thy  State. 
During  the  campaign  of  1892  he  was  associated 
with  United  States  Senator  John  B.  Allen  in 
naaking  a  canvass  of  the  leading  cities  of  the 
State,  and  is  known  as  one  of  its  most  eloquent 
and  able  orators. 

In  1889  Mr.  Fish  back  was  married  in  Napa, 
California,  to  Miss  Anna  E.  Derry,  a  most 
amiable  and  accomplished  lady.  Mrs.  Fishback 
lias  taken  a  leading  part  in  educational  and 
philanthropic  work  in  Seattle,  and  is  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  Bureau  of  Associated 
Charities  of  that  city,  as  well  as  in  all  the  social 
and  intellectual  advancement  of  the  State. 


rREDERICK  A.  CHURCHILL,  M.  D., 
representative  among  the  medical  practi- 
^  tioners  of  Seattle,  Washington,  was  born 
in  Hillsdale,  Michigan,  June  25,  1856.  His 
parents,  Professor  C.  H.  and  Mary  (Turner) 
Churchill,  are  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  their 
ancestors  being  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
that  State.  Professor  Churchill  is  a  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  College.  After  bis  marriage,  he 
moved  to  Hillsdale,  Michigan,  where  he  was  a 
professor  in  the  Hillsdale  College  until  1859, 
since  whidi  time  lie  has  been  professor  of 
astronomy  in .  the  Oberlin  College,  Oberlin, 
Ohio. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  at 
Oberlin.,  where  he  received  the  dey^ree  of  A.  B., 
and  subsequently  that  of  A.  M.  He  then 
engaged  in  the  study  of  medicine  and  entered 
the  Homeopathic  Medical  College  at  Chicago, 
where  he  graduated  in  1882,  with  honorable 
mention,  his  average  being  1,286  out  of  a 
possible  1,300,  at  that  time  the  highest  average 
gi'anted  by  the  college.  After  his  graduation 
he  served  one  year  as  house  surgeon  of  the  col- 
lege hospital,  and  a  second  year  as  lecturer  and 
demonstrator  of  chemisti-y  at  the  college,  which 
position  be  rt'sigiH-il  iti  1884  to  come  to  Seattle, 
deeming  this  the  future  city  of  the   Northwest. 


Here  he  immediately  engaged  in  practice,  soon 
became  prominent  in  bis  profession,  and  to-day 
is  ranked  among  the  foremost  practitioners  of 
the  city.  With  the  change  of  city  charter  in 
1890,  provisions  were  made  for  the  estaljlish- 
ment  of  a  Board  of  Health,  and  Dr.  Churchill 
was  appointed  a  member  of  that  Board,  the 
duties  of  which  position  he  discharged  for  two 
years,  having  full  charge  of  the  sanitary  affairs 
of  the  city. 

Dr.  Churchill  is  a  member  of  the  State 
Homeopathic  Medical  Society,  and  is  president 
of  the  King  County  Homeopathic  Medical 
Society,  which  he  svas  actively  instrumental  in 
organizing.  Socially,  he  is  a  meml)er  of  the  F. 
&  A.  M.  Being  a  great  student  and  devoted  to 
his  profession,  he  has  neither  time  nor  inclina- 
tion to  engage  in  outside  interests. 

He  was  married  in  Chicago,  in  1883,  to  Miss 
Martha  Blanke,  a  native  of  Hamburg,  Germany, 
a  lady  of  refinement  and  culture,  and  a  graduate 
of  the  musical  conservatories  of  Leipsic  and 
Weimar.  They  have  two  children,  Elsa  and 
Frederick  A.,  Jr.  The  Doctor  and  his  family 
reside  on  Olympic  avenue,  in  Queen  Ann  Town, 
where  he  has  recently  completed  a  beautiful 
home,  with  a  commanding  view  of  city,  Sound 
and  mountain  scenery. 

— '^^m^'¥^ — 

B\AVID  BECKETT,  senior  member  of  the 
'  tirm  of  Beckett  &  Shelton,  wholesale  and 
— -'  retail  grocery  dealers  of  Vaijconver,  was 
born  in  Canada,  July  28,  1857,  a  son  of  James 
and  Catherine  (Carbcrry)  Beckett,  the  former  a 
native  of  Scotland  and  the  latter  of  Ireland. 
The  mother  was  reared  in  Canada  from  early 
girlhood.  The  family  moved  from  that  coun- 
try to  Michigan  in  1868,  where  the  mother  died 
July  18,  1874. 

David  Beckett,  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six 
children,  was  reared  in  Michigan.  In  1888  he 
located  in  Coldendale,  Washington,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  sash  and 
doors  three  years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time 
be  engaged  in  his  present  business,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Main  and  Seventh  streets,  Vancouver, 
where  the  firm  carry  a  large  and  well-selected 
stock  of  -choice  groceries.  Beckett  &  Shelton 
are  successur^  to  .rolin  D.  Geoghegan,  and  their 
tradi' I'XtciiiU  t:ir  into  the  interior  of  the  county 
and  surrounding  country. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Beckett  was  married  November  6, 1884, 
to  Miss  Anna  Glick,  a  native  of  Iowa.  They 
have  three  cliildren:  Mabel,  Evert  and  Verea. 
In  his  social  relations,  our  subject  aiBliates  with 
the  K.  of  P.  He  is  a  prominent  and  progres- 
sive citizen,  and  is  ever  ready  to  aid  and  en- 
courage public  enterprises  that  have  for  their 
object  the  advancement  of  Vancouver  and  of 
Clarke  county. 


f(J    G.  PEEBLES,   electrician  of  Vancouver 
|r^     city's    electric-light  system,  was  born  in 
j     il    Chesterfield,  Illinois,  October  26,  1869,  a 
'fj  son  of  H.  M.  and  Hattie  (Smith)  Peebles, 

natives  also  of  that  State.  Our  subject,  the 
second  in  a  family  of  five  children,  accomjianied 
his  parents  to  Dade  county,  Missouri,  when 
twelve  years  of  age,  where  he  was  reared  to  farm 
life.  He  followed  that  calling  until  1889.  when 
he  'uecame  a  resident  of  Vancouver,  Washing- 
ton, and  an  employe  at  the  city's  electric  liglit 
plant.  By  reason  of  practical  knowledge  and 
ability  in  the  economical  handling  of  the  city's 
property,  Mr.  Peebles  was  appointed  to  the  im- 
portant position  he  now  holds  in  1893.  He 
takes  no  active  interest  in  political  matters,  and 
socially  affiliates  with  the  Order  of  United 
American  Mechanics. 


CARLOS  W.  SHANE,  Notary  Public  and 
City  Librarian  of  Vancouver,  was  burn 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  September  9,  1817,  a 
son  of  John  and  Mary  (Cosby)  Shane.  The 
father  was  born  in  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  De- 
cember 29,  1785.  and  died  June  3,  1850.  His 
father,  Henry  Shane,  was  also  a  native  of 
Hagerstown,  and  kept  what  was  known  in  those 
days  as  a  tavern.  The  Shane  family  located  in 
Maryland  early  in  the  beventeenth  century. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  on  Cub 
creek,  Louit^a  county,  Virginia,  February  28, 
1782,  and  died  July  10,  1844.  The  Cosby  an- 
cestors were  Colonial  settlers  of  Vii-ginia,  and 
participated  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Zaclia- 
riah  Cosby,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
a  soldier  of  Waslnngton's  army  at  the  surren- 
der of  Cornwallis.  He  was  born  in  1754,  and 
died  Mav  27,  1834. 


Carlos  W.  Shane,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of 
six  children,  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  private  schools, 
and  although  the  educational  privileges  of  those 
days  were  indeed  meager,  yet  the  foundation 
was  laid  for  an  education  received  later  in  life, 
through  the  school  of  experience.  On  his  arri- 
val at  man's  estate  lie  engaged  in  teaching  for  a 
few  years,  and  later  learned  and  followed  book- 
binding until  1846.  March  4,  of  that  year,  I  e 
arrived  in  Oregon  City,  where  he  bound  the 
first  book  ever  bonnd  in  Oregon,  and  probably 
on  the  coast.  Governor  Abernethy  had  pub- 
lished an  addition  to  Webster's  spelling  hook, 
and  Mr.  Shane  hound  about  800  copies.  For 
the  first  year  after  his  arrival  in  Oregon  he  did 
any  and  all  kinds  of  work,  then  engaged  to 
Marcus  Whitman  to  teach  school,  hut  for  some 
reason  unknown  to  onr  subject  the  agreement 
was  never  consummated,  and  then  came  the 
news  of  the  Whitman  massacre.  Mr.  Shane 
taught  school  for  a  time  near  Oregon  City,  and 
in  1848  drifted  into  boating  on  the  Columbia 
river  to  Astoria,  using  a  whale  boat,  and  being 
fairly  successful  in  this  enterprise.  In  1850  he 
located  a  claim  on  Lewis  and  Clarke  river,  three 
years  later  lived  on  the  ground  occupied  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke  in  1806-'07,  and  there  found 
some  of  the  foundation  of  their  cabin,  built  in 
the  year  1806.  The  trail  over  which  they  had 
traveled  daily  to  and  fi-om  the  coast,  to  watch 
for  a  vessel,  remained  perfectly  defined,  and 
was  several  inches  deep.  Mr.  Shane  resided  on 
this  claim  until  1857,  then  traveled  over  a  large 
portion  of  the  State  of  California,  engaged  in 
mining,  etc.;  in  1866  resumed  teaching  in  this 
State;  in  1870  took  up  a  homestead  fourteen 
miles  northeast  of  Vancouver;  in  1874  again 
visited  California,  Los  Angeles  county,  and  five 
years  afterward  returned  to  Vancouver.  In 
1881  Mr.  Shane  was  appointed  Deputy  Auditor, 
filling  that  position  two  years,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  a  Notary,  and  at  the  present  is  Li- 
brarian of  the  City  Library. 


Wi' 


JAM  HOLT  BREWSTER,  one  of 
representative  and  progressive  busi- 
ness men  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 
England  in  1844,  a  son  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Holt)  Brewster,  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland, 


UISTOUY    or     WASHINGTON. 


and  the  latter  of  England.  William,  the  third 
of  six  children,  left  school  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  and  accompanied  his  father  to  Australia, 
where  the  latter  died  in  1858.  Mr.  Brewster 
then  returned  to  the  laud  of  his  birth,  but  two 
years  later  came  to  America,  becoming  an 
American  citizen  within  twenty-four  hours  after 
landing.  He  enlisted  in  Company  M,  Thir- 
teenth New  York  Cavalry,  for  the  late  war,  and 
served  until  1865.  Although  Mr.  Brewster  w-as 
not  a  direct  participant  in  any  of  the  noted  bat- 
tles, he  is  none  the  less  entitled  to  even  greater 
distinction.  His  command  was  always  on  scout- 
ing duty,  as  the  advance  guard  of  Sheridan's 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  all  old  soldiers  will 
know  the  danger  of  that  branch  of  service,  and 
few  have  a  relish  for  the  constant  moving  and 
hardships  connected  with  scouting,  or,  in  other 
words,  sjiying  upon  the  movements  of  the 
enemy.  AVhile  at  Loudoun  Valley,  Virginia, 
Mr.  Brewster  was  captured,  but  by  taking;  des- 
perate chances  made  his  escape  to  the  Federal 
lines,  thereby,  if  not  saving  his  life,  at  least 
avoiding  the  dreaded  Libby  Prison. 

After  the  close  of  the  struggle  he  was  em- 
ployed as  clerk  for  Lee,  Bliss  &  Co.,  New  York 
city,  but  six  months  later  went  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  and  joined  the  Third  United  States 
Cavalry.  Having  a  knowledge  of  pharmacy, 
which  he  had  made  a  special  study  some  years 
before,  he  was  enlisted  as  a  Steward,  serving  on 
the  frontier  three  years.  After  returning  to  St. 
Louis  he  i)ecame  a  commercial  traveler,  next 
went  to  San  Francisco,  California;  later  engaged 
as  clerk  in  a  dry-goods  store  in  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Indian  war 
we  tind  hin)  at  the  front,  and  later  in  charge  of 
the  post  at  Colville.  Mr.  Brewster  was  dis- 
charged in  1879,  and  for  the  following  twelve 
months  was  employed  as  clerk  for  Captain 
Ainsworth,  of  the  O.  S.  M.  Company.  In 
1880  he  established  his  present  business,  which 
is  one  of  the  largest  general  merchandise  houses 
in  Soutii western  Washington.  His  stock  con- 
sists of  choice  and  fresh  fruit,  groceries,  and 
delicacies  of  all  kinds.  He  also  carries  a  tine 
stuck  of  hardware.  Mr.  Brewster  was  elected 
to  the  City  Council  in  1891,  and  has  ahvays 
taken  an  active  interest  in  the  general  develop- 
ment of  the  city  and  county.  Socially,  he  is 
Post  Commander  of  the  G.  A.  P.,  Ellsworth 
Post,  No.  2,  and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.,  K.  of  P.,  and  the  L  O.  O.  F.,  having 
pap.sed  all  the  chairs  in  the  last  two  orders. 


Our  subject  was  married  at  Vancouver, 
Washingtu,  February  25,  1879,  to  Lucy  L. 
Dupuis,  and  they  have  two  children,  Robert  JST. 
and  "William  H.  Mrs.  Brewster  had  iive  chil- 
dren by  a  former  marriage. 


GH  AKLES  E.  MaoFARLANE,  secretary  of 
the  Michigan  Lumber  Company,  and  the 
P.  C.  MacFarlane  Lumber  Company,  was 
b.,rn  March  8,  1870,  a  son  of  P.  C.  MacFar- 
lane. Charles  was  reared  in  Osceola  county, 
Michio-an,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  yeirs  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Franklin  county, 
New  York.  Four  years  later  he  engaged  in  the 
lumber  trade  with  his  father,  and  in  1887  ac- 
companied his  parents  to  Vancouver,  Washing- 
ton. From  March  1,  1892,  to  March  1,  1893, 
he  was  junior  member  of  the  tirra  of  Jaggy  & 
MacFarlane,  carrying  a  full  line  of  dry  goods, 
millinery,  ladies'  and  gents'  furnishing  goods, 
etc.  The  business  was  iirst  established  by  John 
JaiTgy,  who  conducted  it  successfully  until  our 
subject  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  Although 
a  young  man  in  years,  Mr.  MacFarlane  is  prom- 
inently identified  with  the  business  circles  of 
this  ci'ty  and  Clarke  county.  He  h  is  now  given 
up  merchandising  and  devotes  his  whole  atten- 
tion to  the  lumber  business. 

May  20,  1891,  in  Vancouver,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Annie  M.  Wintler,  a  native 
of  Washington,  and  a  daughter  of  Henry  AYint- 
ler,  of  Walla  AValla.  To  this  union  has  been 
born  one  child,  Edwin.  Mr.  MacFarlane  is  a 
man  of  industrious  habits  and  many  sterling 
qualities,  strict  and  attentive  in  business  mat- 
ters, honorable  in  transactions  with  his  fellow 
men,  and  has  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the 
entire  commimity. 

— ^%@:i)i^'^ 

H.  ST.  JOHN,  general  agent  for  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad,  is  one  of  the 
many  shrewd  business  men  who  have  re- 
cently taken  up  their  abode  in  Spokane, 
Washington. 

The  Great  Northern  completed  their  line  into 
Spokane  about  the  first  of  June,  1892,  and  Au- 
gust 15  established  their  quarters  here.  Mr. 
St.  John  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the  company 


UISTOliT    OF    WASUI^OT0N. 


about  thirteen  years  at  Grand  Forks,  North 
Dakota,  and  they,  knowinir  full  well  his  natural 
ability  and  special  fitness  for  the  position,  re- 
moved him  to  their  ottice  in  this  stirring  place. 
He  has  at  heart  the  interests  of  the  company  he 
so  thoroughly  represents  and  will  do  all  in  his 
power  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  road  and 
make  it  a  popular  one. 


r  LEWIS  CLARK,  a  business  man  of  Spo- 
kane, was  born  in  Bangor,  Maine,  June 
-^  21,  1861,  only  child  of  Jonathan  G.  and 
Harriet  (Brown)  Clark,  also  natives  of  Maine. 
His  mother  died  in  1865.  His  father  is  still 
living.  He  was  educated  at  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, graduating  at  that  institution  with  the 
class  of  1883.  In  April  of  the  following  year 
he  came  to  Washington,  and  in  December  of 
the  same  year  he  bought  a  mill  site  of  Frederick 
Post.  In  this  connection  he  took  the  initiative 
step  toward  fostering  that  important  branch  of 
industry,  and  the  following  year  he  constructed 
the  C.  ct  C.  mill  and  elevator,  the  largest  flour- 
ing mill  in  the  Pacific  Northwest.  In  that 
business  he  was  associated  with  F.  E.  Curtis,  and 
the  firm  of  Clark  &  Curtis  then  turned  their 
attention  to  grain  warehouses  and  established  a 
thorough  system  of  elevators  on  branch  rail- 
roads centering  in  Spokane.  The  result  of  their 
steps  cannot  be  overestimated. 

In  1890,  Clark  &  Curtis  sold  out  to  the  Wash- 
ington Water  Power  Company,  since  which 
time  Mr.  Clark  has  been  more  or  less  actively 
engaged  in  business  of  various  kinds  at  Spokane. 
In  July,  1892,  Mr.  Clark  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Wyard,  of  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia.  Their  magnificent  home  with  its 
picturesque  grounds,  situated  at  the  foot  of  the 
precipice  in  Spokane,  is  appropriately  named 
"Undercliff." 


Ji.  CHAELES  E.  GROVE,  a  young 
)  member  of  the  medical  professsion  at 
Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  in  Xew 
Britain,  Pennsylvania,  in  1863,  the  seventh  in  a 
family  of  eight  children.  His  parents,  Charles 
K.  and  Rachel  (Caldwalder)  Grove,  are  resi- 
dents still  of  their  native  State,  Pennsylvania., 
where  his  father  is  engaged  in  farming. 


Dr.  Grove  received  his  early  education  in  the 
public  schools,  and  tor  two  years  was  engaged 
in  teaching.  He  then  prepared  himself  for  col- 
lege at  Doylestown  Seminary,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1883,  after  which  he  entered  Bucksville 
University.  He,  however,  completed  his  classi- 
cal course  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  graduating 
in  1887,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  took 
two  of  a  three  years'  course  in  medicine  at  A.nn 
Arbor.  He  then  entered  Hahnemann  College, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  April  4,  1889. 
He  was  married  on  the  eighteenth  of  that  month, 
and  on  the  twenty-third  he  and  his  bride  ar- 
rived in  Spokane,  wliere  they  have  since  made 
their  lioine. 

The  Doctor  has  invested  in  city,  country  and 
mining  property  here.  During  ti)e  memorable 
fire  in  this  city  he  lost  heavily.  In  a  profes- 
sional way  lie  has  been  very  successful.  He  is 
now  doing  some  literary  work  and  is  studying 
for  special  practice.  He  is  secretary  of  both 
tlie  County  and  State  Medical  Societies  of  tlie 
homeopathic  school.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum  and  Chusen  Friends,  of  both  of 
which  he  is  Medical  Examiner.  Of  a  genial 
temperament  and  kindly  disposition,  the  Doctor 
makes  friends  wherever  he  goes  and  is  a  favorite 
with  all  who  know  him.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Phi  Gamma  Delta  col- 
lege fraternity. 

Mrs.  Grove  was,  before  her  marriage,  Miss 
Elizabeth  Laning,  a  native  of  Peuiisylvania,  and 
a  daughter  uf  Rev.  M.  B.  Laning. 


^TflCHOLASGEOGHEGAX.—Amongtl.e 
"'  prominent  mercantile  houses  of  the  city 
of  Vancouver,  is  that  known  as  the  Co- 
operative Store,  owned  and  conducted  by 
the  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 
This  hotise  was  organized  in  June,  1890,  with 
a  ca])ital  stock  of  $900,  but  it  now  carries  be- 
tween 8i,000  and  $8,000  worth  of  goods,  con- 
sisting of  general  merchandise  and  agricultural 
impleujents.  The  business  extends  throughout 
Clarke  county  and  beyond.  The  Co-operative 
Store  handles  all  kinds  of  merchandise,  from  a 
common  sewing  needle  to  an  anchor  chain, 
thrashing  machine  or  traction  engine. 

Nicholas  Geoghegan,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  county  Galway,  Ireland, 
July  13,  1834,  the  seventh  child  of  Michael  and 


IlISTOIir    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Mary  (Soutlierland)  Geogliegan,  natives  also  of 
that  country.  The  parents  came  to  America  in 
1846,  but  returned  to  the  land  of  their  birth  the 
same  year,  and  again,  in  1851,  emigrated  to 
America,  locating  in  New  York  city.  From 
1854  until  1S60,  our  suliject  resided  in  Aus- 
tralia, engaged  in  mining  op-rations,  and  from 
1861  until  1873  followed  farnnng and  merchan- 
dising in  Wisconsin.  In  the  latter  year  Mr. 
Geogliegan  removed  to  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  where  he  followed  tiie  same  occupation 
several  years,  and  in  1884  took  up  his  residence 
in  Clarke  county,  Washington.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  general  merchandising  until  appointed 
manager  of  the  Co-operative  Store.  He  is  also 
identified  with  the  fruit  culture  in  Clarke  county, 
t)WMing  twenty-one  acres  of  land  near  Vancouver, 
twelve  acres  of  which  are  devoted  to  prunes, 
and  three  acres  to  a  general  variety  of  fruit  and 
berries. 

June  29,  1869,  in  Wisconsin,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Lavy,  a 
native  of  New  York.  They  have  had  ten  chil- 
dren, eight  now  living,  namely:  Mary  J., 
Catherine  S.,  Thomas  M.,  Isabel  A.,  Margaret 
G.,  Ann  E.,  Thomas  F.  and  John  D.  Two 
daughters  are  deceased.  By  a  former  marriage 
Mr.  Geogliegan  had  four  children,  but  all  are 
now  deceased.  In  national  politics,  our  subject 
votes  with  the  Republican  party,  although  not 
an  active  participant  in  political  matters.  So- 
cially he  is  a  member  of  the  A.  0.  U.  W.,  the 
Hibernian  Benevolent  Association,  and  of  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry. 


5AMITEL  DAVENPORT,  an  honored 
pioneer  of  Washington,  who  now  lives  in 
retirement  in  Bucoda,  enjoying  that 
peace  and  prosperity  which  is  the  result  of  early 
and  well  directed  efforts,  is  a  native  of  New 
York  State,  born  in  Delaware  county,  June  2, 
1825.  He  is  of  good  old  New  England  stock, 
his  parents,  Erastus  and  Parmelia  (Dayton) 
Davenport,  having  been  born  in  Connecticut 
and  descended  from  early  and  prominent  settlers 
of  America.  His  parents  were  married  in  New 
York  State,  where  they  passed  their  lives  on  a 
farm,  esteemed  and  respected  by  all  who  knew 
them. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  rt-ared  on   the 
home  (arm  until  he  reached   the   age   of  seven- 


teen, when  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  carpen- 
try, at  which  he  served  his  time,  and  which 
trade  he  continued  to  follow  continuously  while 
in  New  York  State.  April  27,  1850,  induced 
by  the  glowing  accounts  from  the  El  Dorado  of 
the  West,  Mr.  Davenport  sailed  from  New  York 
city,  landing  at  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  in  due 
course  of  time.  He  went  up  the  Chagres  river 
to  the  head  of  navigation,  and  thence  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean  on  foot,  where  he  remained  three 
weeks,  waiting  for  a  steamer  in  which  to  pursue 
his  way  to  San  Francisco.  At  last  he  set  sail 
and  arrived  at  his  destination  July  12,  1850. 
He  here  soon  secured  carpenter  work,  but  tiring 
of  that  place  he  started,  August  1,  1850,  in  the 
sailing  vessel,  the  bark  Success,  for  Portland, 
Oregon,  at  which  place  he  arrived  August  12, 
the  same  year.  He  here  followed  his  trade  until 
1851,  when  he  went  to  the  Rogue  river  mines 
and  thence  to  the  Shasta  mines  in  California,  in 
which  latter  camp  he  remained  until  December, 
of  that  year.  He  went  then  to  Trinidad,  Cali- 
fornia, and  there  took  passage  on  a  steamer 
bound  for  Portland,  whence. he  proceeded  to 
Puget  Sound,  arriving  at  Olympia  in  January, 
1852. 

lie  soon  afterward  settled  on  a  donation  claim 
of  320  acres  on  the  present  site  of  Tenino,  where 
he  spent  part  of  his  time,  also  residing  occasion- 
ally in  Olympia.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Indian  war,  in  1855,  he  enlisted  in  a  company 
of  Puget  Sound  rangers,  under  command  of 
Ca[>taiu  C.  Tvitiui.  in  which  he  served  efficiently 
until  the  (.■jo-i.  (,f  ji.r^tilities.  He  then  returned 
to  his  tarin,  on  wliirh  ho  remained  until  1861, 
at  which  time  he  started  on  a  mining  expedition 
to  Cariboo,  British  Columbia,  and  visited  all 
the  Fraser  river  mines.  In  1864  he  once  more' 
i-eturned  to  Tharston  county  and  his  farm,  con- 
tinuing to  reside  on  his  homestead  until  1866, 
when  he  again  started  for  the  mines.  This  time 
he  went  to  Helena  and  Deer  Lodge,  Montana, 
and  prospected  in  all  the  mining  centers  at 
various  times  until  1873,  when  he  once  more 
retraced  his  steps  to  Tenino,  and  resumed  his 
work  on  his  farm.  He  continued  to  be  thus 
engaged,  when  he  sold  out  and  took  up  his 
abode  in  Bucoda  as  a  retired  citizen,  and  here 
he  has  ever  since  resided  in  the  enjoyment  of 
freedom  from  care  and  the  universal  esteem  of 
his  fellow  men. 

Mr.  Davenport  has  served  his  constituents 
faithfully  and  well  in  several  official  positions 
of  honor  and  responsibility.      He  was  for  some 


UlSTOUr    OF     WASHINGTON. 


time  County  Commiesioiiei-  of  Thurftou  county 
and  lie  also  made  an  efficient  Deputy  Sheriff 
under  Sheriff  Billings.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Daven- 
port is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the  first 
Odd  Fellows'  meeting  ever  held  in  Olympia  or 
the  State,  and  at  present  belongs  to  Olympia 
Lodge,  JS'o.  1,  F.  &  A.  M.,  also  Olympia  Lodge, 
No.  1,  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Davenport  has  never 
married.  With  the  knowledge  of  a  life  well 
spent  and  many  years  of  usefulness  before  him, 
he  has  tlie  best  wishes  of  all  for  his  future 
prosperity  and  happiness. 

EDMUND  L.  CAN  BY,  cashier  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Vancouver,  and  one  of 
1   the  city's   most  progressive  citizens,  was 

bom  in  Wilmingtnn,  Delaware,  May  8,  1848,  a 
son  of  Edmund  and  Mary  (Price)  Canby,  natives 
of  Delaware  and  Maryland,  respectively.  The 
father  died  in  1848,  and  the  mother  survived 
until  ISStJ.  They  were  descended  from  Quaker 
ancestors,  who  were  among  the  early  Colonial 
settlers  of  New  England. 

Edmund  L.  Canby,  the  youngest  in  a  family 
of  ten  children,  completed  his  education  in  his 
native  State  in  1864,  after  which  he  was  em- 
ployed as  clerk  in  a  lumbering  business  several 
years.  He  was  next  employed  in  a  flour  mill, 
and  in  1877  became  ast-istant  to  his  brother. 
Major  James  P.  Canby,  Paymaster  in  the  United 
States  Army,  after  which  he  made  his  home  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  untilJuly,  1883.  Mr.  Canby 
was  then  elected  cashier  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Vancouver,  which  whs  incorporated  in 
July,  1873,  with  a  capital  stock  of  §5U,000,  and 
the  following  officers:  Louis  Sohus,  president; 
David  Wall,  vice-president;  and  E.  L.  Canby, 
cashier.  At  the  close  of  1892  the  statement  of 
the  bank's  condition  shows  a  capital  of  $100,- 
000  and  $20,000  surplus,  with  the  same  officers 
except  the  president.  After  many  years  of  able 
management  Hon.  Louis  Sohus  retired,  and 
Charles  Brown  was  elected  to  the  presidency. 
The  present  Board  of  Directors  are:  Charles 
Brown,  David  Wall,  L.  M.  Hidden,  S.  P.  Joce- 
lyn  and  E.  L.  Canby.  Mr.  Cai:by  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  best  interests  of  Van- 
couver and  Clarke  county  since  his  advent  into 
iis  business  circles,  and  many  of  the  important 
enterprises  have   had  his  support  from   a  finan- 


cial standpoint,  and  have  also  been  brought  upon 
a  self-sustaining  basis  througli  his  energy  and 
progressive  views.  Among  these  may  be  par- 
ticularly mentioned  the  Vancouver,  Klickitat  & 
Yakima  Railroad,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
incorpoiators,  being  in  fact  the  chief  promoter 
of  that  important  enterprise.  It  was  in  a  large 
measure  through  his  efforts  that  the  first  five 
miles  of  grading  was  done  and  the  ties  laid  ready 
for  the  rails.  At  about  that  time,  however,  the 
enterprise,  or  controlling  interest,  passed  into 
other  hands,  and  the  line  has  since  been  com- 
pleted and  ec]uipped  to  the  distance  of  twelve 
miles.  Mr.  Canby  was  one  of  the  promoters 
and  is  now  treasurer  of  the  Vancouver  Driving 
Park  Association;  owns  real  estate  in  this  city, 
and  has  a  beautiful  residence  on  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Twelfth  streets. 

June  28,  1884,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Frances  Burnside,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and 
the  eldest  daughter  of  D.  W.  Burnside,  an  old 
and  respected  Oregon  pioneer.  He  came  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  via  the  Panama  route,  in  1850, 
and  his  death  occurred  in  1887.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Canby  have  four  children:  Edmund  B.,  born 
December  11,  1884;  Margaret  L.,  Februarv  14, 
1886;  Jocelyn  D.,  June  20,  1890;  and  Mary, 
August  7,  1891.  Mr.  Canby  is  a  njemberof  no 
orders  or  clubs,  and  after  business  hours  he  finds 
liis  chief  pleasure  at  home,  surrounded  by  his 
family. 


IV^foKMAN    BUCK,  formerly    a   law   prac- 
I  \|     titioner  of    Spokane,   was    born   in   Erie 
Jj    -•    county,   New    York,  in    1833,  a  son  of 
V  Isaac   F.  and   Eliza  (Kimball)  Buck,  the 

former  a  native  of  Vermont  and  the  latter  of 
Connecticut.  The  father  was  a  manufacturer  by 
occupation.  Norman  took  a  preparatory  course 
in  the  Warrenville  Seminary,  in  Illinois,  and 
also  took  a  classical  course  in  the  Lawrence 
Seminary  at  Appleton,  Wisconsin,  graduating 
9t  the  latter  institution  in  1859.  He  next  took 
a  law  course  at  Albany,  New  York,  where  he 
graduated  in  1861,  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  all  the  State  courts  the  same  year.  In 
1862  Mr.  Buck  joined  the  Seventh  Minneapolis 
Infantry,  as  private  in  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland, under  A.  J.  Smith.  He  fought  the 
Sioux  Indians  for  one  year;  in  the  fall  of  1863 
went  to  St.  Louis;  took  part  in  an  engagement 


HlhTOllY    OF    WASHI^G10JS. 


Tuider  General  P'orrest  at  Tupelo,  Mississippi, 
and  in  the  camjiaign  against  General  Price's 
command  in  Miseouri;  took  part  in  the  battles 
of  Nashville  and  Mobile;  and  was  discharged 
at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  in  1865.  He 
served  three  years,  and  held  the  position  of 
Captain  at   his  discharge. 

After  the  close  of  the  struggle  Mr.  Buck  re- 
moved to  Winona,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  ap- 
jiointed  Probate  Judge,  Prosecuting  Attorney, 
and  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Territory 
of  Idaho.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  Associate 
Justice  of  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  the  same  Ter- 
ritory, and  in  1884  was  re-appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Arthur.  He  came  to  Spokane  Falls,  Wash- 
ington, in  1888,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
general  practice  of  law  until  1898,  v/hen  he  was 
elected  Superior  Judge.  He  has  a  very  hand- 
some residence  in  this  city,  where  he  is  sur- 
rounded by  an  interesting  family  of  children 
and  many  friends. 

In  1863,  when  home  on  a  iurlough,  Mr.  Buck 
was  united  in  marriag^with  Miss  Francena  M. 
Kellogg,  who  was  born  in  CJortland  county,  ISew 
York.  Her  parents  emigrated  with  their  chil- 
dien  by  the"  prairie  schooner"'  train  to  Wiscon- 
sin while  she  was  yet  a  babe  in  their  arms,  and 
her  •early  years  were  spent  on  the  farm  some 
thirty  miles  from  Milwaukee.  She  graduated 
at  Lawrence  University  with  its  first  class  in 
1857,  taught  for  two  or  three  years,  and  then 
for  a  time  was  bookkeeper  and  cashier  for  a 
business  house  in  Chicago,  being  the  first  woman 
to  occupy  such  a  position  in  that  city,  and  prob- 
ably in   the  world. 

Soon  after  her  marriage  she  served,  under 
Mrs.  Annie  Whittemnyer,  of  the  Christian 
Commission,  in  various  hospitals  of  the  South, 
while  her  husband  marched  in  the  ranks.  She 
assisted  him  in  the  preparation  of  ttie  rolls  for 
mustering  out  his  company,  which  was  dis- 
charged in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  after  the 
close  of  their  service  in  the  war  they  settled  in 
Winona,  Minnesota. 

She  was  early  interested  in  the  work  of  the 
Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  when  that 
society  was  organized  in  her  church,  and  she 
entered  heartily  into  the  temperance  reform  in 
"  crusade  days,"  and  in  these  reforms  she  is 
still  engaged.  Her  parents  were  believers  in 
total  abstinence,  having  been  influenced  to  take 
that  stand  by  the  late  Colonel  Railey  of  Roch- 
ester, New  York,  some  ten  years  before  she  was 
born. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buck  have  three  children:  W. 
S.,  aged  twenty-four  years,  is  a  law  studeiit  in 
his  father's  office;  Fritz  J.,  aged  twenty  years, 
is  a  medical  student;  and  Nathan  K.,  iiged  seven- 
teen years.  Socially,  Mr.  Buck  is  a  member  of 
the  Odd  Fellows,  the  G.  A.  R.,  Woodmen  of  the 
World,  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  Relig- 
iously, the  family  are  members  ot  the  Methodist 
Church.  Our  subject  attended  the  General 
Conference  of  the  church  at  Philadelphia  in 
1884,  and  also  represented  his  cluircii  at  the 
annual  Columbia  River  Conference  held  in  that 
year.  Personally,  the  Judge  is  a  good  conver- 
sationalist and  a  very  pleasant  gentleman. 


7r\\R.  ERJSST  T.  HEIN,  a  practicing  phy- 
I  II  sician  at  Spokane,  Washington,  is  a  na- 
^=^  five  of  Germany.  He  was  born  iu  1856, 
third  child  of  Julius  and  Ernstine  (Beusgen) 
Hein,  both  natives  of  Germany  and  still  resi- 
dents of  that  country.  His  father  is  a  minister 
in  the  Lutheran  Church. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  came  to  the  United  States  and  located 
in  lialtimore,  Maryland,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  drug  business  and  began  the  study  of 
pharmacy,  completing  his  course  and  gradu- 
ating in  1880.  He  then  engaged  in  business 
for  himself.  In  1885  he  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine,  erdered  tlie  Baltimore  Medical 
College,  and  graduated  at  that  institution  in 
1888,  after  which  he  practiced  medicine  in 
Baltimore  a  year  and  a  half.  In  xVugust,  1889, 
he  came  to  Spokane  and  at  once  entered  upon  a 
professional  career  here,  which  thus  far  has 
proved  a  successful  one.  He  has  identitied 
himself  with  both  the  State  and  county  medi- 
cal associations,  and  during  the  few  years  of 
his  residence  in  this  city  he  has  made  many 
warm  friends.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 
Dr.  Hein  was  married,  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Rachel  I.  Sroud,  a  native  of  Maryland.  They 
aie  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

D^R.  WALTER  T.  WEBB,  one  of  the  proni- 
!   inent   physicians  in   Spokane,  Washing- 
— -      ton,  although  young  in    years,  is  one  of 
the  oldest  in  actual  practice  here. 


ninTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Dr.  Webb  was  boru  hi  Kentucky  in  1860, 
youngest  of  three  children  in  the  family  of  John 
and  Jennie  (McWhorter)  Webb,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. His  father,  an  architect,  died  during 
the  late  war.  The  mother  is  still  living,  and  is 
now  a  resident  of  Seattle.  -Of  his  maternal 
grandfather,  James  McWhorter,  we  record  that 
he  moved  to  Texas  about  1850,  Eettled  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  built  the  lirst  house 
in  Sherman,  and  there  passed  the  rest  of  his 
life  and  died.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  re- 
ceived bis  early  education  in  Memphis,  Ten- 
nessee, and  in  1880  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine at  Omaha,  Nebraska,  where  he  graduated  in 
1884  and  where  he  practiced  his  profession  one 
year.  He  then  came  to  Washington  and  has 
since  been  identified  with  the  medical  profession 
of  Spokane,  liaving  established  an  extensive  and 
lucrative  practice  here.  He  helped  to  organize 
the  Board  of  Health  at  this  place,  and  was  its 
first  president,  serving  during  the  years  of  1890 
to  '92.  He  was  also  County  Physician  during 
that  time.  He  has  been  attending  pliysician  of 
the  Gonzaga  College,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
physicians  of  the  Sacred  Heart  Hospital.  An 
earnest  and  enthusiastic  student  of  his  profes- 
sion, he  gives  it  his  undivided  attention.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Spokatie  County  Medical 
Society. 

Dr.  Webb  was  married  in  1887,  to  Miss  Nora 
Flaming,  a  native  of  Nebraska.  They  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  Cliurch. 


W)  H.  METCALF,  a  prominent 
of   Vancouver,  was    born    at 
—  -^     Crundy   county,   Missouri,    I 


attorney 
Trenton, 
December 
31,  18G5.  His  paternal  ancestors  are  of  English 
extraction,  they  having  first  came  to  this  con- 
tinent as  English  soldiers.  William  Metcalf, 
the  great-gi-andfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  Cap- 
tain in  the  English  army,  and  fell  at  the  Brad- 
dock  defeat.  Many  of  his  descendants  partici- 
pated as  patriot  soldiers  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Daniel  Metcalf,  the  father  of  onr  subject,  was 
the  first  white  male  child  born  in  Grundy 
county,  Missouri,  was  well-known  throughout 
the  State  as  one  of  the  ablest  attorneys,  and  was 
also  a  prominent  leader  in  politics.  He  died 
January  4,  1880.  His  widow,  nee  Mary  A. 
Crews,  now  resides  at  Corpus  Christi,  Texas, 
where  she  owns  and  edits  the  Sun. 


W.  H.  Metcalf  attended  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  State,  and  completed  his  collegiate 
course  at  the  State  University  in  1884.  Pre- 
vious to  that  year,  however,  he  had  been  a  stu- 
dent in  pliarmacy,  and  although  not  a  graduate 
was  for  several  years  connected  with  the  drug 
business.  But  Mr.  Metcalf  was  inclined  to  the 
profession  of  his  father,  and  made  rapid  progress 
in  study  in  the  office  of  Judge  llarber.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1888,  was  then  en- 
gaged in  the  pi-acticeof  his  profession  at  Chilli- 
cothe  one  year,  was  at  Denver,  (Jolorado,  for  a 
time,  later  at  Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  next  at 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas.  During  the  period  be- 
tween 1888,  and  1891  Mr.  Metcalf  was  con- 
nected with  journalism,  having  served  as  local 
editor  of  the  Lamar  (Coloi'ado)  Sparks  two  years. 
In  1891  he  permanently  located  in  Vancouver, 
Washington,  and  associated  himself  with  his 
brother,  Joseph  W.  Metcalf,  the  partnership 
continuing  until  January  1,   1893. 

November  29,  1888,  at  Kansas  City,  Mis- 
souri, our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Bessie  \Velch,  a  native  of  Missouri.  In 
political  matters,  Mr.  Metcalf  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat. 


[[TfOX.  JAMES  A.  MUNDAY,  one  of  the 
IrHJ    able  and    promiiient  attorneys  of  Clarke 
I     4i    county,    was  born    in    Hancock    county, 
yj  Kentucky,   August   14.    1843,   a   son    of 

Bedmond  F.  and  Martha  L.  (Hamilton)  Mun- 
day,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia  and  the 
latter  of  Kentucky.  The  paternal  ancestors  are  of 
English  extraction,  and  their  advent  on  this  con- 
tinent was,  during  the  first  settlement  of  Vir- 
ginia. From  this  State  the  grandfather  of  our 
subject  removed  during  the  early  boyhood  of 
his  only  son  to  become  one  of  the  substantial 
citizens  of  Tennessee.  The  maternal  ancestors 
of  our  subject,  the  Hamiltons  and  Rnssells, 
were  of  Scotch  and  Irish  stock,  and  have  given 
their  courage,  energy  and  ability  to  the  develop- 
ment of  Kentucky,  since  its  early  settlement. 

James  A.  Mnnday,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  educated  in  the  county  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, at  Greenville  Academy  and  at  George- 
town College,  Kentucky,  where  his  course  was 
interrupted  by  the  Civil  war  in  the  winter  of 
1861-'62.  He  soon  afterward  joined  a  number 
of  his  neighbors,  who  made  their  way  through 
the  military  lines  and  enlisted  in  the  Confeder- 


IIIbTOUY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ate  ariuy.  He  served  ii;  the  Tenth  Kentucky 
Cavah-y,  was  soon  promoted  to  Lieutenancy  and 
afterward  entru&ted  witli  tlie  command  ot  his 
company.  He  participated  in  all  of  the  many 
engtigements  of  his  command  until  his  capture, 
after  which  he  suffered  a  long  imprisonment. 

After  returning  home,  at  the  close  of  hostili- 
ties, lie  took  a  coui'se  of  lectures  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Law  in  Looisviile,  Kentucky.  In  1867 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Hancock  Circuit 
Court.  He  was  shortly  afterward  chosen  ?^s- 
sistant  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate,  and  re- 
elected two  years  later.  Mr.  Munday  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Llawesville,  the 
seat  of  his  native  county,  and  in  1870  removed 
to  (_)wensboro,  in  Daviess  county,  where,  after 
practicing  a  year  in  partnership  with  Hon. 
George  W.  Williams,  he  was  appointed  Master 
in  Chancery  of  the  Daviess  Circuit  Conrt.  His 
heal'h  becoming  poor  in  sedentary  pursuits,  he 
retired  after  four  years' service,  purchased,  with 
Ml'.  Thomas  S.  Pettit,  a  half  interest  in  a  stave 
factory  with  a  large  body  of  timber  land  and 
engaged  in  the  raanfacture  of  staves.  On  clos- 
ing out  that  business  he  established  theOwens- 
boro  Messenger,  a  weekly  newspaper,  which 
proved  successful  from  the  beginning.  In  the 
following  year  this  paper  was  consolidated  vvitii 
the  Examiner,  its  flourishing  rival,  conducted 
by  Mr.  Lee  Lumpkin,  and  the  new  paper  pro- 
ceeded on  its  successful  career,  as  a  weekly  and 
tri-weekly  journal,  with  Mr.  Lumpkin  as  mana- 
ger and  Mr.  Munday  as  senior  editor  and  Mr. 
C.  W.  Bransford  as  junior  editor.  In  1880  Mr. 
Munday  sold  his  stock  in  the  paper,  retired  from 
the  business  and  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
for  a  term  of  four  years,  daring  which  as  chair- 
man and  member  of  leading  committees  betook 
an  active  part  in  the  important  legislation  of 
both  sessions. 

On  the  accession  of  Mr.  Cleveland  to  the 
presidency  Mr.  Munday  was  appointed  Special 
Agent  of  the  General  Land  Otfice  and  was  as- 
signed, at  his  own  request,  to  the  Territory  of 
Washington,  where  he  had  already  intended  to 
locate.  After  a  vigorous  and  successful  admin- 
istration of  this  office,  until  the  fall  of  1889,  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law,  remaining  at  Van- 
couver. He  received  the  Democratic  nomina- 
tion for  Superior  Judg.efor  the  district  com- 
posed of  Skamania,  Clarke,  Cowlitz,  Wahkiakum 
and  Pacitic  counties,  but  was  defeated  at  the 
fall  election  of  that  year  with  the  rest  of  his 
ticket,  though  by  a  much  smaller  majority.   He 


was  a  delegate  from  his  State  to  the  National 
Democratic  Convention  at  Chicago  in  June, 
1892.  As  one  of  the  two  nominees  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic State  Convention  of  September,  1892, 
lieranfor  Representative  in  Congress  at  the  l^o- 
vember  election,  but  again  shared  the  Demo- 
cratic defeat  and  demonstrated  his  strength  in 
his  own  and  neighl>oring  counties. 

During  his  residence  in  Owensboro,  Ken- 
tucky, Mr.  Munday  joined  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  the  Masons  and  the  Odd  Fellows,  after- 
ward becoming  a  Past  Chancellor  and  Pepre- 
sentative  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Knights  of 
Pythias. 

While  devoting  his  time  to  his  professional 
business  he  has  given  occasional  attention  to  the 
development  of  fruit  lands,  and  bokls,  jointly 
with  John  O'Keane,  several  hundred  acres  of 
dairy  and  fruit  land  on  the  Columbia  and  Lake 
rivers  in  Clarke  county.  He  has  been  largely 
identilied  with  the  best  interests  of  his  county 
and  ever  ready  to  encourage  public  enterprises. 
He  is  a  cultured  gentleman  of  genial  disposi- 
tion, though  retiring  and  undemonstrative  in 
manner,  and  enjoys  the  highest  coniiilence  of 
those  who  know  him  best. 


ON.   L.  B.  C  L  O  U  G  H  ,  one  of  Clarke 
)unty's  prominent  and  progressive  citi- 


H 

j  4,  zens,  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1850,  a  son 
//  of   Storrs  S.  and  Alma  (Allen)    Clough, 

natives  also  of  tliat  State,  and  both  now  deceased. 
The  maternal  aiierstors  of  our  subjt-ct  wi-re  from 
Ensjland.  and  came  to  America  about  ItioO.  Id- 
eating in  Massadiusetts.  Thaddens  ( 'lough, 
fi-oni  which  branch  of  the  family  our  sulijeet  is 
descended,  located  in  New  Ilamphire  in  the  early 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  was  a  patriot 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  grandfather  of 
Mr.  Cl.iugh.  also  named  Thaddeus,  was  born  in 
that  State,  but  \v:i>  an  early  settler  of  Vermont. 
The  Allen-  were  i-uly  and' influential  settlers  of 
MassealuiMtt^.  and  de-eendants  of  Ethan  Allen. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Storrs  Clough  had  three  children, 
of  whom  L  B.  was  the  eldest  child.  After  the 
mother's  death,  in  1854,  the  father  was  again 
married,  and  to  that  union  were  born  three  sons 
and  two  daughters.  He  departed  this  life  in 
188H. 

L.  B.  Clough   came  to  Washington    in    1877, 
where  he  has  followed  various  occupations.      In 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASUINGTON. 


1884:  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Clarke  county, 
four  years  later  became  a  iuember  of  the  State 
Legislature,  iu  1889  was  elected  a  ineml)er  of 
the  State  Senate,  serving  tliree  years,  was  con- 
nected with  the  City  Council  of  Yaiicouver  in 
1887-'88,  is  a  uiember  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Commercial  Bank  of  this  city,  and  a 
stockholder  in  the  First  National  Bank.  In 
addition  to  his  other  interests,  Mr.  Clough  is 
also  en<^aged  in  fruit  culture,  owning  ten  acres 
of  prune  orchard  near  Vancouver,  which  gives 
good  returns.  The  fruit  culture  in  Southern 
Washington  is  rapidly  assuming  a  place  as  one 
of  the  leading  industries  of  this  section.  All 
fruits  mature  here  to  perfection,  the  soil  and 
cliuiate  both  unite  in  forming  the  most  favor- 
able condition  for  their  growth,  andmany  of  the 
farmers  are  now  identifying  themselves  with 
this  branch  of  industry. 

Mr.  Clough  is  a  stanch  and  activ^o  Kepublican 
in  political  matters,  aud  socially,  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  oi-der,  having  passsed  all  tiie  official 
chairs  in  the  blue  iod«). 


North 


-^'^^-^ 

AJOR  M.  C.  IIENSLEE.  a  real-estate 
dealer  of  A^'aucouver,  was  born  in  Jack- 
^  son  county,  Tennessee,  July  9,  1827, 
a  son  of  John  Henslee,  a  native  of 
Carolina  and  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
He  located  in  Polk  county,  Missouri,  in  1835. 
His  ancestors  came  to  America  from  Eno;land 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  nee  Matilda  Kemp,  was  also  a 
native  of  North  Carolina.  The  parents  both 
died  in  the  same  year,  in  1872. 

M.  C.  Henslee,  the  third  of  four  children, 
and  the  only  son,  was  early  inured  to  farm  life, 
and  followed  that  honorable  calling  until  1861. 
He  then  entered  the  Federal  army,  was  first 
attached  to  the  Third  Missouri  Cavalry,  served 
as  private  eleven  days,  then  held  a  Captain's 
commission  until  1864,  and  in  that  year  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major.  He  served 
with  distinction  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
participated  in  many  battles  of  the  Southwest, 
but  was  more  prominently  identified  with  guer- 
rilla warfare  in  Missouri.  Major  Henslee  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Springfield,  Missouri, 
in  1863,  but  soon  recov^ered  and  resumed  his 
command.  He  participated  perhaps  in  one  of 
the  wor.^t  guerrilla  engagements  connected  with 


his  war  record.  The  tight  occurred  on  Spring 
river,  Jasper  county,  Missouri,  near  French 
Point.  His  command  at  that  time  was  divided 
into  three  detachments,  and,  in  order  to  more 
favorably  intercept  the  notorious  guerrilla  band 
commanded  by  Livingston,  took  different  routes. 
The  Major's  squad  consisted  only  of  fifty-four 
men.  He  gave  orders  to  the  other  detachments 
to  meet  at  a  given  point  and  report  quickly  on 
hearing  any  firing,  but  before  reaching  the  des- 
ignate! rendezvous  known  as  French  Point  he 
came  upon  the  enemy.  (Tivirijr  the  alarm  of 
four  distinct  shots,  he  followed,  but  failed  to 
find  them  where  he  expected,  they  having  re- 
treated a  distance  of  one  mile,  and  laid  in  am- 
bnsh  for  tlie  hated  Yankees.  With  no  other 
alt'irnative,  he  charged  the  enemy,  in  hopes  of 
soon  having  reinforcement  from  the  other 
squads.  Tlie  ground  was  well  selected  and  very 
favorable  to  the  enemy.  Leaving  his  command 
in  charge  of  Captain  Cozart,  with  instructions 
to  lead  the  men  rapidly  to  the  attack.  Major 
Henslee  rode  to  the  top  of  the  hill  to  signal  the 
others  to  join  him.  But  the  firing  caused  his 
horse  to  scare,  and  in  his  effort  to  hold  him  the 
cur'o-chain  broke  and  he  became  unmanageable. 
The  horse  took  his  own  course,  which  led  him 
past  the  advanced  guard,  but,  though  having  no 
control  over  the  animal.  Major  flenslee  man- 
aged to  convey  his  orders  to  theai  to  advance  to 
the  top  of  the  hill  and  join  in  the  attack.  Just 
at  this  time  a  volley  from  the  enemy  killed  two 
horses  and  one  man  near  his  side.  He  was 
carried  through  the  enemy's  midst,  was  shot  at 
several  times,  but  fortunately  was  unhurt. 
After  getting  to  the  rear  of  the  enemy  his  horse 
became  tired,  and  he  started  to  join  his  com- 
matid.  Not  knowing  the  exact  route,  he  again 
found  himself  in  the  enemy's  midst,  but  suc- 
ceeded in  gaining  the  top  of  the  bluff,  and  be- 
held his  own  men  dismounted  and  in  full 
retreat,  apparently  panic-stricken.  Pushing  on 
toward  his  men  he  checked  their  flight,  and 
about  the  same  time  heard  the  guerrilla  chief 
order  his  men  to  dismount.  As  soon  as  the 
order  had  been  executed  the  retreating  blue 
coat-*  made  a  final  charge  and  became  tlie  vic- 
tors, completely  routing  and  scattering  the  ene- 
my, ciptured  their  horses,  and  thus  reversed  the 
situation! 

Major  Henslee  was  mustered  out  of  service  at 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  April  13,  1865.  He  soon 
afterward  returned  to  his  old  home,  was  subse- 
quently engaged    in   mercantile   pursuits  three 


IirSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


years,  and  later  became  connected  with  the  dnig 
trade  at  Modena,  Mercer  county,  Missouri.  In 
'1871  be  came  to  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
where  lie  again  became  a  tiller  of  the  soil,  but 
since  1876  has  been  a  resident  of  Vancouver, 
and  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business.  Major 
Ilenslee  owns  twenty-four  acres  of  valuable 
fruit  property  near  this  city,  and  his  orchard 
will  probably  yield  fifty  tons  of  green  fruit  the 
present  year.     He  also  owns  city  property. 

In  May,  1850,  in  Missouri,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Leanah  Met- 
calf,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  They  have  had 
eleven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing,— Cordelia  J.,  Mai-garet  E.,  Emraett  A., 
Edward  F.,  Bedford  A.  and  Charles  N.  Cor- 
delia is  now  the  wife  of  James  Lewis,  and  Mar- 
garet is  now  Mrs.  T.  J .  Crawford.  The  deceased 
children  are:  James  W.,  who  died  September  23, 
1864;  John  W.,  January  15,  1855;  Matilda  C, 
May  16,  1863;  Cosby  A.,  July  16,  1863;  and 
Ella  W.,  April  12,  1876.  In  his  political  re- 
lations. Major  Ilenslee  unites  with  the  Repub- 
lican partv;  and  socially  he  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  " 


f^l^'^ 


■*-^^4 


D^R.  DeWITT  C.  NEWMAN,  Spokane, 
j  Washington,  was  born  in  Logan  county, 
— -  Ohio,  in  1857,  being  the  eldest  of  the  six 
children  of  Aaron  M.  and  Margaretta  (Miller) 
Newman,  natives  of  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania respectively.  Llis  grandfather,  Abner 
Newman,  was  a  pioneer  Methodist  preacher 
and  was  of  English  descent,  the  Newmans 
having  come  from  England  to  America  pievious 
to  the  Revolution  and  settled  in  New  York. 
Grandfather  and  grandmother  Miller  were  of 
Irish  and  German  ancestry  respectively,  and 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  When  Aaron  M. 
Newman  was  three  years  of  age  his  parents 
moved  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  this  being 
before  Ohio  was  formed  into  a  State.  There  he 
grew  up  to  manhood  and  engaged  in  school 
teaching  and  farming.  He  died  in  1876  and 
bis  wife  in  1891. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  a  high- 
school  education  at  Quincy,  Ohio,  and  in  1879 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  Dr.  B.  M.  Sharp  at  Sidney,  Ohio.  The 
following  year  he  entered  the  Starling  Mudical 
College,  at  Columbus,  at  which    institution   he 


graduated  in  1882.  He  then  came  West,  enter- 
ing the  Cooper  Medical  College,  San  Francisco, 
and  graduated  with  the  class  of  1883,  after 
which  he  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  that  city.  A  year  later  he  went  to 
Australia  aiid  located  at  Cobar,  New  South 
Wales,  soon  afterward  being  appointed  Govern- 
ment Medical  Officer  for  the  district  and  Sur- 
geon to  the  Cobar  Hospital  and  Cobar  Copper 
Mining  Company.  These  positions  he  tilled 
for  three  years,  and  during  that  time  also  con- 
ducted a  large  private  practice. 

Upon  his  return  to  America,  Dr.  Newman 
took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the  New  York 
Polyclinic.  He  then  went  to  Paris  and  was 
engaged  in  hospital  practice  there,  thus  availing 
himself  of  every  means  to  enlarge  his  knowledge 
of  the  various  diseases  and  perfect  himself  in 
his  profession.  He  returned  from  Europe  in 
December,  1888,  and  in  January,  1889,  located 
at  Davenport,  this  State.  Soon  afterward  lie 
came  to  Spokane,  where  he  ha#  since  been  con- 
ducting a  general  practice.  His  professional 
career  has  been  one  of  marked  success.  He  has 
been  Secretary  of  the  Washington  Medical 
Society  of  Spokane  county  since  its  organiza- 
tion, and  is  also  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  and  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  Southern  California. 

In  political  matters  the  Doctor  is  Democratic, 
Ijeing  an  active  worker  in  the  ranks  of  his 
party.  He  owns  property  in  Spokane,  and  is 
thoroufflily  identiiied  with  the  best  interests  of 
the  placi'.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  he  and  his 
wife  are  both  members  of  the  First  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

In  1889  Dr.  Newman  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  V.  Nickey  of  Muncie,  Indiana.  They 
have  one  daughter,  Marguerite. 


I, 


M.  GREEN,  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of    Vancouver,    was    born    in     Delaware 


Feb 


uary 


10,. 1863, 


Company,  li 
son  of  Amos  H.  and  Sarah  (Spurgemi)  Green, 
the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
latter  of  Ohio.  The  parents  located  in  the 
State  of  Iowa  as  early  as  1845. 

E.  M.  Green,  the  second  in  a  family  of  seven 
children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  Linn 
county,  and  his  early  life  was  devoted  to  farm- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ing  and  merchandising.  His  legal  education 
was  received  in  tlie  law  department  of  the 
State  University  of  Iowa  City,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1888,  and  in  the  same  year  came  to 
Vancouver,  Washington.  After  locating  in 
this  city.  Mr.  Green  taught  school  during  the 
winter,  and  the  following  spring  opened  an 
office,  since  which  time  lie  has  enjoyed  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice.  He  has  no  other  inter- 
est outside  of  his  professional  duties,  and  con- 
sequently is  a  law  student  in  the  full  sense  of 
the  term,  f'olitically,  he  is  an  active  worker 
in  the  People's  party,  and  socially  is  Recording 
Secretary  of  the  O.  IT.  A.  M. 

In  May,  1891,  Mr.  Green  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Eva  J.  Vanslyke,  a  native 
of  Illinois. 


EDWARD  YATES,  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers   of    Lewis   county,  Washington, 

'   was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland, 

in  tlie  year  1834.  In  1846  he  emigrated  with 
his  parents  from  Maryland  to  Ogle  county,  Illi- 
nois, where  he  remained  until  1852.  his  boy- 
hood days  being  spent  upon  a  farm.  In  1852 
he  joined  the  throng  of  emigrants  who  were 
seeking  homes  in  the  far  West,  and  in  due  time 
landed  in  Lewis  county,  Washington,  where  he 
has  since  been  an  honest  tiller  of  the  soil. 

Mr.  Yates  married  Saiah  Garrison,  a  native 
of  Henry  county,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Yates  crossed 
the  plains  with  her  parent.^  from  Iowa  when 
she  was  four  years  old,  and  for  five  years  they 
made  their  home  in  Folk  county,  Oregon,  after 
which  they  removed  to  Lewis  county,  Washing- 
ton. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Y'ates  have  five  children: 
Nancy,   Charles,    George,    Frank   and     Edward 


OL.  JOHN  W.  FEIGHAN,  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Washington  bar  and  a 
resident  of  Spokane,  has  been  identified 
with  the  interests  of  the  Northwest  since  1888. 
Colonel  Feighan  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New 
York,  in  1845,  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  eleven 
children.  His  parents,  Patrick  and  Catherine 
Feighan,  were  natives  of  county  Mayo,  Ireland, 
and  his  mother  was  a  cousin  of  Archbishop 
Jolin  McHale.     They  emigrated   to  America  in 


I  1831  and  located  in  Canada,  his  father  being 
engaged  in  surveying  for  the  British  Govern- 
ment. From  Dundas  county.  Upper  Ciinada. 
they  moved  to  Buffalo,  New  York,  at  which 
place  the  subject  of  this  sketch  first  saw  the 
light  and  spent  his  earliest  years.  In  1852  the 
family  moved  W^st  and  located  just  below  Cin- 
cinnati, and  from  there,  some  time  later,  going 
to  Boone  county,  Kentucky. 

Young  Feighan  obtained  a  country-school 
education,  and  when  the  war  broke  out,  his 
parents  having  died,  he  entered  as  a  private  in 
Company  K  of  the  Eighty-third  Indiana  Regi- 
ment, and  was  attached  to  the  Second  Division, 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  He  was  so  young 
wlien  he  sought  military  hardship  and  honor 
that  it  was  with  difficulty  he  obtained  entrance 
into  the  regiment.  To  give  an  account  of  all 
the  marches,  skirmishes  and  battles  in  which  he 
participated  would  be  to  outline  the  greater 
part  of  the  war.  Suffice  it  to^say  he  was  ever 
found  at  the  post  of  duty  acting  the  part  of  a 
brave  soldier,  that  he  marched  witlihis  regiment 
4,700  miles,  was  under  fire  213  days,  and  that 
the  principal  engagements  in  which  he  partici- 
pated were  the  siege  of  Vieksburg,  the  l)attles 
of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Jackson,  Mississippi,  Tus- 
cumbia  and  Mis.sionary  Ridge,  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  and  the  famous  inarch  with  Sherman 
to  the  sea.  He  was  honorably  discharged  in 
July.  1865,  with  the  rank  of  Second  Lieutenant, 
being  then  twenty  years  of  age. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  Miami 
University  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  and  graduated  there 
in  1870.  Two  years  later  he  graduated  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  School.  During  this  time  he 
was  ol)liged  to  teach  school  in  order  to  defray 
his  college  expenses.  He  then  practiced  law  in 
Owensboro,  Kentucky,  until  1880,  and  during 
that  time  was  a  candidate  for  Presidential  elec- 
tor, and  also  for  member  of  Congress.  From 
1880  to  1888  he  was  a  resident  of  Emporia, 
Kansas,  and  while  there  was  three  times  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  served  on  the  Governor's 
staff  as  Judge  Advocate  General,  N.  G.,  and 
was  Commander  of  the  G.  A.  R.  for  the  depart- 
ment of  Kansas. 

Since  1888  Colonel  Feighan  has  ])een  a  resi- 
dent of  Spokane.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  here 
he  was  elected  City  Attorney.  He  is  a  firm 
and  conscientious  Republican.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  Legislature  of  the  State  of 
Washington,  and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  without  opposition,  a 


nisTonr  of   wasuinoton. 


position  he  tilled  to  the  entire  Fatisfaction  of  his 
coiistitneiits.  No  man  is  better  known  tlirougli- 
oiit  tlie  State  tlian  he,  and  none  has  greater 
popularity.  lie  is  a  most  eloquent  speaker, 
and  during  political  campaigns  his  services  are 
always  in  great  demand.  He  is  greatly  in  love 
with  his  profession  and  follows  it  closely,  taking 
more  pleasure  in  its  pursuit  than  in  all  the 
honors  and  successes  achieved  in  ntlier  tiekis. 

Colonel  Feighan  was  married,  in  1872,  to 
Miss  Fannie  T.  Moore,  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  has  an  interesting  family  of  four  children: 
Catherine  M.,  Frank  M.,  Susie  L.  and  Mary 
Grace,  ranging  in  age  from  fourteen  to  tiiree 
years. 

The  Colonel  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  a  Knight 
of  Pythias,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


EWLAND,  BERRY  &  CO.  are  real- 
estate  dealers,  insurance  brokers,  survey- 
H  ors  and  conveyancers  of  legal  documents 
It  Chehalis,  Wasliington.  ^  The  individ- 
ual memliers  of  the  alime  firm  are  J.  T.  New- 
land,  City  Treasurer;  S.  H.  Berry,  land  agent; 
and  A.  Rainey,  Notary  Public.  This  well- 
known  bureau  was  iirst  et^tablished  in  1888, 
under  the  style  of  Berry  Brothers,  Captain 
James  T.  Berry,  now  deceased,  being  the  senior 
and  leading  member.  The  latter  was  one  of 
the  most  prominent  and  progressive  men  of  the 
city,  where  he  resided  from  1872  until  the  time 


of  his  demise.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  by 
occupation,  served  as  County  Surveyor,  and  also 
filled  the  city's  civic  chair  in  1889.  The  pres- 
ent Urin  was  established  in  1892,  and  they  do  a 
general  real-estate  business,  handling  some  of 
the  choicest  land  in  Lewis  and  adjoining  coun- 
ties; also  buy  and  sell  city  property,  locate 
loans,  pay  taxes,  take  charge  of  property  for 
non-residents  and  represent  a  large  nun]l)er  of 
tlie  best  lire  companies. 

Samuel  H.  Berry  was  born  in  Osage  county, 
Missouri,  August  22,  1849,  a  son  of  John  and 
Margaret  (Gal breath)  Berry,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  botli  descendants  of  colonial  settlers. 
Captain  John  Berry,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  soldier  is  the  famous  Black  Hawk  war, 
and  the  family  were  a  well  known  and  influen- 
tial one  in  Kentucky  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  Griiinlfather  Richard 
Berry  partially  j-eared    the   mother  of  our  illus- 


trious and  martyred  President,  Abraham  Lin- 
coln. Captain  John  Berry  was  a  Missouri 
pioneer  of  1833,  and  his  death  occurred  in  1853. 
His  wife  survived  until  1872,  when  she  also 
passed  to  the  higher  life. 

Samuel  H.  Berry  was  reared  and  educated  in 
his  native  State,  where  he  was  engaged  in  teach- 
ing many  years,  and  during  that  time  also  made 
civil  engineering  a  special  study.  In  1872  he 
was  elected  County  Surveyor  of  Osage  county, 
and  in  1876  was  again  elected  to  that  r.ffice.  In 
May,  1881,  he  came  to  Chehalis,  Washington, 
on  a  Government  survey,  in  which  he  was  em- 
ployed three  years,  although  in  1882  he  was 
elected  County  Surveyor  for  a  term  of  two 
yeais.  Mr.  Berry  also  followed  teaching  in  this 
ciiunty;  in  1884  was  elected  County  Auditor, 
re-elected  in  1886;  in  1889  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention, and  in  1888  was 
also  appointed  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Surveyor- 
General's  office. 

Politically,  Mr.  Berry  affiliates  with  the  pro- 
gressive wing  of  tiio  Democratic  party,  and 
socially  holds  a  membership  in  the  lincampment 
degree  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  which  he  lias  been 
District  Deputy  Grand  Master,  and  is  also  Dis- 
trict Deputy  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

December  24,  1872,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Ida  B.  Rainey,  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri, and  a  daughter  of  Dr.  L.  Rainey,  an  early 
pioneer  of  North  Carolina  and  Missouri.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Berry  have  had  three  children:  Mag- 
gie Isabel  (deceased),  Mand   P.  and  John  L. 


JOHN  O'KEANE,  County  Commissioner 
of  Clarke  county,  was  born  in  county  Lim- 
erick, Ireland,  June  10,  1824,  a  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  O'Keane,  natives  also  of 
that  country.  The  parents  emigrated  to  America 
in  1847,  locating  in  La  Salle  county,  Illinois, 
wh'Tf  the  father  engaged  in   farming. 

•  loliii  <)"l\eane,  the  second  of  ten  children, 
followed  various  occupations,  principally  public 
work,  until  October  1,  1862,  when  he  became 
assistant  clerk  in  the  United  States  Quarter- 
master's Department,  in  Vancouver.  He  also 
had  about  eighteen  months'  experience  in  min- 
ing in  Idaho,  was  bookkeeper  for  the  firm  of 
Crawford  &  Co.  about  five  years.  s"i-\t-<l  as 
County  Auditor  from  1871  to  1S75.  tw.i  ycu-r^ 
later  was  appointed    Indian    Agent  at   Tululip, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOrON. 


this  State,  until  1882;  after  his  return  to  Vaii- 
CDUver  served  as  Deputy  Auditor  two  years, 
and  in  1885  was  appointed  Receiver  of  rlie 
United  States  Land  Office  in  this  city,  remain- 
ing there  four  years.  In  1889  Mr.  O'Keane 
embarked  in  the  )-eal-estate  business  in  this  city, 
and  in  1890  was  appointed  Notary  Public.  He 
buys,  sells  and  handles    real  estate  on   commis 


and 


repr 


esents  several  of  the  best  tire- in- 


surance companies.  In  November,  1892,  he 
was  elected  Connty  Commi.-sioner  of  Clarke 
county.  Mr.  O'Keane  is  jointly  interested  with 
Hon.  J.  A.  Mnnday  in  farm  and  frnit  land  in 
this  county,  and  he  also  owns  city  property. 

In  Vancouver,  February  10,  1867,  our  sub- 
ject was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary 
Cunningham,  a  lady  of  Irish  birth.  They  have 
one  son,  James  J.,  who  assists  his  father  in  the 
tran^action  of  the  ofiice  business.  In  political 
matters,  Mr.  O'Keane  is  a  stanch  and  steadfast 
Democrat,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  politi- 
cal issues.  The  family  are  consistent  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church.  Our  subject  is  a 
wortiiy  and  conscientious  citizen,  and  one  who 
has  the  confideiice  and  respect  of  the  entire 
community. 


Jf  AKVEY  H.  GRIDLEY,  a  prominent  and 
1     well-known    citizen    of    Vancouver,   was 


11  born  in  Tioga  connty.  New  York,  May 
2,  1831,  a  son  of  Charles  and  Harriet 
(Hart)  Gridley.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Connecticut,  and  a  relative  of  Colonel  Gridley, 
who  CHine  to  America  as  early  as  1717.  The 
mother  was  born  in  New  York,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  early  New  England  families.  Mr. 
Gridley  died  September  6,  1847,  and  his  wife 
in  1874. 

Harvey  H.,  the  youngest  of  four  children, 
moved  with  the  family  to  Kendall  county,  Illi- 
nois, in  1845,  where  he  was  reared  to  farm  life, 
but  later  took  up  the  carpenter's  trade.  He 
followed  both  occupations  many  years.  In  1871 
he  came  to  Vancouver,  Washington,  where  he 
was  connected  with  the  furniture  trade  many 
years,  but  is  now  retired  from  active  business 
life.  He  owns  thirty-eight  acres  of  land  near 
the  town,  twenty  acres  of  which  is  devoted  to 
fruit  trees,  principally  prnnes,  with  a  small  gar- 
den, etc.,  and  has  also  city  property.  Mr.  Gridley 
is  identified  with  the  Prohibition  party,  has 
terved  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  has  been  a'mem- 


ber  of  the  City  Council  of  Vancouver  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  educational  matters.  So- 
cially, he  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  in 
which  he  has  passed  all  the  official  chairs. 

In  Illinois,  December  10,  1856.  our  subject 
was  married  to  Miss  Amanda  E.  Cook,  a  native 
of  Portland,  Maine.  The  Cooks  were  among 
the  early  and  influential  settlers  of  that  State. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gridley  have  two  children:  Charles 
C,  who  was  engaged  with  his  father  in  the  fur- 
niture business,  but  now  conducts  an  abstract 
bureau  in  this  city;  and  Emma  G.,  wife  of  "W". 
J.  Higgins,  a  prominent  fanner  of  Clarke 
county.  The  family  are  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Gridley  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  best  interest  of 
the  county  and  city  for  many  years. 


JOHN  C.  BECKER,  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Becker  &  Johnson,  proprietors  of 
the  planing  mill  and  bo.\  factory  on  the 
corner  of  Seventh  and  K  streets,  Vancouver,  was 
born  in  Auburn,  New  York,  November  1,  1851, 
a  son  of  John  Becker,  a  native  of  New  York 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  one  of  the  early 
families  of  that  State,  and  both  the  paternal  and 
maternal  ancestors  of  our  subject  antedate  Rev- 
olutionary days  on  this  continent.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  nee  Maria  Palmer,  was  also  a 
native  of  New  York,  and  descended  fi-om  one 
of  the  old  New  England  families. 

John  C.  Becker,  the  eighth  in  a  family  of 
eleven  children,  eight  sons  and  three  daughters, 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Columbia  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1857,  where  he  was  reared  and 
educated.  He  subsequently  located  in  Lancas- 
ter county,  Nebraska,  afterward  in  Iowa,  Dakota 
and  Minnesota,  where  he  followed  the  carpen- 
ter's trade.  In  1882  he  came  to  Vancouver, 
Washington,  and  in  1889  established  a  box  fac- 
tory, leasing  the  power  from  an  old  planing-mill 
plant  until  1892.  In  the  latter  year  he  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  that  enterprise,  and  the 
two  factories  are  now  operated  from  the  same 
power,  although  separate  property.  The  mill  is 
well  equipped  with  the  best  machinery,  mold- 
ing machines,  cross-cut  and  band  saws,  jjlaners, 
lathes  and  joiners,  and  they  manufacture  mold- 
ings, shingles,  brackets,  doors,  blinds,  sash,  etc., 
and   do  scroll-sawing.     The  business   is  largely 


II I  STOUT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


local,  although  twenty  per  cent  of  the  trade  ex- 
tends into  Oregon,  and  they  employ  in  all  eleven 
men. 

Mr.  Eecker  was  married  in  Nebraska,  March 
9,  1874,  to  Miss  Martha  S.  Piper,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  and  they  have  three  children:  Mary  E.; 
John  E.;  and  Lydia  M.,  now  deceased.  Our 
subject  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party, 
although  he  takes  no  active  part  in  political 
matters.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  O.  U. 
A.  M.  and  the  Chosen  Friends. 

djOSEPR  A.  C.  BRANT,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent and  progressive  citizens  of  Vancou- 
— '  ver,  was  born  in  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, October  28,  1854,  a  son  of  Joseph  Brant, 
a  native  of  Bavaria,  Germany.  The  latter  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  18B3,  locating  in 
Ohio,  but  in  1852  crossed  the  plains  to  Wash- 
ington. He  located  on  a  claim  of  a  half  sec- 
_tion  near  the  city  of  Vancouver,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1873.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  nee  Louisa  F.  Berget,  was  a 
native  of  the  Buckeye  State,  and  survived  her 
husband  until  1890.  They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  ten  of  whom  are  still  living. 
Joseph  A.  C.  Brant,  the  fourth  child  in  order 
of  birth,  completed  his  education  in  the  Catho- 
lic school  of  this  city,  in  1869.-  He  then 
learned  the  printer's  trade,  and  has  since  worked 
on  all  the  journals  of  this  city,  among  which 
are  the  old  Vancouver  Register  and  Inde- 
pendent. Since  1890  he  has  served  as  foreman 
of  the  Columbian.  Prior  to  that  date,  however, 
Mr.  Brant  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
United  States  Government  as  printer  about 
eight  years,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  printing- 
office  ae  contractor  during  tive  years  of  that 
period.  Was  also  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon 
River  and  Navigation  Company  at  Celilo,  Ore- 
gon, two  years;  in  the  United  States  Quarter- 
master's Dej^artment  from  1871  to  1882;  served 
as  a  member  of  the  City  Council  from  1891  to 
1893,  and  during  that  time  was  a  member  of 
some  of  the  most  important  committees  con- 
nected with  the  city's  finances.  From  1891  to 
1893  h-ffM-as  also  Chairman  of  the  Light  Com- 
mittee. In  May,  1893,  he  took  charge  of  the 
V^ancouver  Columbian  as  half  owner,  Mr.  S.  D. 
Dennis  owning  the  other  half.  Through  their 
joint  efforts  the  paper  has  been  built   up  until 


it  is  the  leading  paper  of  the  county  of  Clarke, 
at  this  writing  being  the  official  paper  of  the 
city  of  Vancouver  as  well  as  the  county  of 
Clarke. 

In  1875  Mr.  Brant  was  joined  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Clara  Wallace,  a  native  of  Washing- 
ton, who  departed  this  life  in  1889,  leaving  six 
children:  Addie,  Charles,  William,  Louis,  Maud 
and  Nellie.  July  IG,  1891,  he  married  Miss 
Jessie  Foster,  a  native  of  Oregon  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  George  G.  Foster,  a  prominent  carpenter 
and  builder.  He  located  in  Clackamas  county, 
Oregon,  in  1846.  Mr.  Brant  takes  no  active 
interest  in  politics,  but  is  prominently  identi- 
fied with  several  fraternal  orders.  He  is  Secre- 
tary of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  has  passed  all  the  chairs 
in  the  K.  of  P.,  and  has  represented  these  orders 
several  times  in  the  Grand  Lodge;  has  held  the 
office  of  Sachem  and  Chief  of  Records  in  the 
I.  O.  R.  M.;  has  passed  all  the  official  chairs, 
and  is  now  Recording  Secretary  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.,  of  which  he  has  been  a  representative  twice 
to  the  Grand  Lodge.  Mr.  Brant  has  always 
taken  an  active  and  prominent  interest  in  the 
welfare  and  dev'elopment  of  Vancouver  and 
Clarke  county,  and  is  a  worthy  and  conscien- 
tious citizen,  whose  public  service  has  been  duly 
recognized  by  the  community  at  large. 


[[ANFORD  G.  LISHER,  a  surveyor  of 
Vancouver,  was  born  in  McHenry 
county,  Illinois,  November  5,  1851,  a 
son  of  James  M.  and  Elizabeth  (Porter) 
Lisher,  the  former  a  native  of  Rhode  Island 
and  the  latter  of  North  Carolina.  The  father 
was  born  in  1791,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation, 
and  descended  from  one  of  the  early  and  influ- 
ential families  of  Rhode  Island.  He  died  De- 
cember 31,  1876. 

Manford  G.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
moved to  Northeasterri  Iowa  with  his  parents 
in  1853,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools, 
and  completed  his  education  in  1870.  After 
studying  civil  engineering  in  a  private  school 
three  winters,  he  began  work  in  his  profession 
in  Minnesota.  Mr.  Lisher  was  later  employed 
by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad,  under  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Western  Extension,  A.  B. 
Rogers,  an  eminent  engineer  and  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College.  About  three  years  afterward  our 
subject   became    assistant    to    Chief    Engineer 


446 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


J.  T.  Dodge,  of  the  Montana  Central  Eailroad, 
remaining  with  that  company  until  1889;  went 
thence  to  Portland,  Oi-e^on,  and  the  following 
year  came  to  Vancouver,  Washington.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  City  Engineer  by  the  City 
Council. 

Mr.  Lisher  was  married  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
June  3,  1891,  to  Miss  Josephine  Southard,  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  and  they  have  one  daugh- 
ter, Lucile  J.,  born  April  21,  1892.  In  politi- 
cal matters  our  subject  may  be  classed  as  an 
independent  Republican.  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  educational  matters,  and  all  public 
enterprises  that  have  for  their  purpose  the  de- 
velopment and  advancement  of  the  city  and 
county  meet  with  his  co-operation  and  support. 

'P\\E  WITT  CLINTON  MACEY,  Sheriff  of 
I  1]  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  has  been 
^^  identified  with  the  history  of  his  county 
since  1879,  at  which  time  his  residence  in  tlie 
State  began.  He  was  born  at  Georgetown,  Ver- 
milion county,  Illinois,  April  10,  1844,  a  son  of 
John  and  Alice  (Mills)  Macey,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee. The  father  was  of  English  extraction 
and  Quaker  stock,  his  tirst  ancestors  in  this 
country  having  settled  on  Nantucket  island. 
The  parents  were  reared  and  married  near  their 
birth-place,  and  early  in  the  '40s  they  removed 
to  Illinois.  In  1853  they  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  their  route  during  the  first  stages  of 
the  journey  being  the  north  side  of  the  Platte 
river.  They  crossed  the  Snake  river  lielow 
Salmon  Falls,  proceeding  to  Boise  river,  down 
which  they  traveled  until  they  reached  the  Snake 
river  ao-ain ;  they  crossed  to  the  south  bank  at 
Fort  Boise,  and  thence  proceeded  overland  to 
Burnt  and  Powder  rivers,  reaching  Grande 
Eonde  valley,  where  they  took  the  Barlow  route 
to  Oregon,  arriving  in  Linn  county  in  the  month 
of  October.  They  located  on  a  homestead  about 
ten  miles  from  Harrisburg.  In  1876  Mr.  Macey 
sold  this  place,  and  removed  with  his  live-stock 
to  the  Ocheco  country,  where  he  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  liis  death  occurring  Febru- 
ary 3,  1877.  The  mother  survives,  and  is  a 
resident  of  Eugene,  Lane  county,  Oregon. 

Young  Macey  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm 
and  in  the  blacksmith  shop,  and  managed  to 
acquire  a  fair  English  education.  When  the 
gold  excitement  of  1862    was  at  its   height  he 


went  to  the  Fh)rence  mines,  one  of  the  "strikes" 
of  the  Salmon  river  country.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  he  joined  a  prospecting  company  that 
struck  Warren's  diggings  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Salmon  river;  here  Mr.  Macey  took  a  claim 
from  wiiich  lie  realized  from  |20  to  $40  a  day. 
After  a  year  spent  in  mining  he  went  to  Walla 
AValla,  and  engaged  in  freighting  from  the  Wal- 
lula  and  Umatilla  to  all  mining  points  east  and 
south,  and  during  one  summer  he  freighted  to 
Colville.  At  the  expiration  of  four  years  he  re- 
turned to  Oregon,  and  resided  on  the  old  home- 
stead until  his  marriage  in  1870.  After  this 
event  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  Simpson, 
whose  immense  ranch,  eight  miles  east  of  Har- 
risburg, he  conducted  for  eight  years. 

In  the  autumn  of  1879  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton and  settled  in  the  Alder  creek  country  in 
Klickitat  county.  He  took  a  homestead  near 
Cleveland,  where  he  has  since  resided,  excepting 
the  time  spent  at  the  county  seat  when  in  the 
discharge  of  official  duties. 

Mr.  Macey  was  married  in  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, August  12,  1870,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Din-^ 
widdie,  who  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
a  daughter  of  David  Dinwiddle,  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  the  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Macey  are  the 
parents  of  six  children:  Ivan,  Roy,  Charles, 
Leanor,  Luretta  and  Tliornton. 

Although  Mr.  Macey  has  always  been  an  ar- 
dent supporter  of  Republican  principles  he  did 
not  actively  enter  into  political  life  until  1892, 
when  he  was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for 
Sheriff  of  Klickitat  county,  running  against  an 
opponent  admitted  by  both  parties  to  be  a  strong 
candidate.  His  success  was,  under  the  circum- 
stances, a  double  victory.  Heassnmed  theduties 
of  the  oilice  January  9,1893.  A  man  of  superior 
business  (qualifications  and  sound  judgment,  a 
prompt  dispatch  of  the  affairs  of  the  office  was 
assured. 


irn))  OBERT  B.  STOUT,  a  farmer  of  Klicki- 
K^    tat  county,  was  born  in   Adams  county, 
J    ^  Ohio,  January  8,  1830,  a  son  of   Robert 
■f/  B.  and  Susan  (Kimble)    Stout,    natives 

also  of  that  county.  In  1854  the  family  moved 
to  Atchison  county,  Missouri,  svhere  they  re- 
mained until  death,  both  dying  in  1864.  Robert 
B.  was  early  thrown  upon  his  own  resources. 
In  1854  he  began  fanning  in  Brownsville,  Ne- 
braska;   in    1859    returned  to    Adams  county, 


HISTORY    (TV    WASHINGTON. 


447 


Oliiu,  uiid  one  year  later  I'uund  einplojiueut  on 
a  ferry  crossing  the  Minnesota  river  at  St.  Peters, 
Nicholas  county,  Minnesota.  He  next  entered 
the  United  States  service,  enlisting  in  Company 
F,  Minnesota  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  was  sta- 
tioned at  the  following  places:  Fort  Ilidgely, 
Fort  Wadsworth,  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  later 
at  Cairo,  Illinois,  whence  he  returned  to  Min- 
nesota. In  company  witli  James  Hayes,  Mr. 
Stout  was  on  detached  service  from  Fort  Ridge- 
ley  to  Bird  Island  stockade,  but  was  delayed  by 
a  snow-storm.  Returning  to  Fort  Ridgely  with 
sealed  letters,  he  was  twice  wounded  at  Colton 
Wood,  where  he  was  ordered  to  a  hospital  by 
Dr.  McDonald.  He  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Belmont  and  Champion  Hill  and  many 
skirmishes.  Mr.  Stout  was  captured  at  Mem- 
phis, Tenneesee,  but  ran  the  stockade  a  short 
time  afterward,  and  was  dischai-ged  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Minnesota,  December  2.  1865.  In 
1870  he  removed  to  Yamhill,  Oregon,  and  in 
1877  came  to  Klickitat  county,  taking  a  home- 
stead of  160  acres.  He  now  has  a  well  improved 
farm  of  240  acres,  located  six  miles  northwest  of 
Goldendale. 

In  1863,  in  Coahomaeounty,  Mississippi,  our 
subject  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Ladd,  a  native  of  Halifax  county,  Virginia. 
Her  parents  were  also  born  in  that  State,  and 
remained  there  until  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stout 
have  had  seven  children:  William  H.,  Don  A., 
Jennie  M.,  Evelyn  E.,  Mary  A.,  Lela  M.,  and 
Robeit  B.  Socially,  Mr.  Stout  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  Baker  Post,  No.  20,  of  Golden- 
dale.  In  political  matters,  he  aftiliates  with  the 
Republican  party;  takes  an  active  interest  in 
school  and  connty  affairs,  has  held  the  office  of 
Road  Supervisor  and  School  Director  for  nine 
years,  is  known  as  an  active  and  progressive 
man  and  is  respected  by  all  who  know  liim. 


!  ON.  AUGUST  F.  TOUSSAINT,  Justice 


of  the  Peace  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 


o 

I  i|.  Germany,  August  21,  18-17,  a  son  of 
•//  Jacob  and  Catherine  (^Kohler)  Toussaint. 

August  F.,  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, attended  school  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  fourteen  years,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  came  to  the  United  States,  landing  in 
New  York.  In  1868,  in  that  city,  he  enlisted 
for   sei'vice   in   the  late  war,  entering  Company 


F,  Sixty-eighth  New  York  Regiment,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  the  army  in  1865.  Mr.  Tons- 
saint  was  then  a  resident  of  San  Antonio,  Texas, 
until  187-,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  regu- 
lar United  States  Infantry,  served  a  few  months 
in  the  ranks,  then  on  detached  duty  on  the  staff 
of  General  Reynolds,  and  held  the  oiBce  of  Ser- 
geant and  Chief  Clerk  of  the  department  until 
1S7-.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Vancouver, 
where  he  again  joined  the  army,  entering  the 
Twenty-first  United  States  Infantry,  and  was  on 
detached  duty  nntil  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  service  in  1878,  being  Sergeant  Major  in  the 
Nez  Perce  campaign  of  1877,  and  Quartermas- 
ter Sergeant  in  the  Bannack  campaign  of  1878. 
During  his  years  of  service  Mr.  Toussaint  had 
become  a  proficient  law  student,  and  in  1884 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  Vancouver. 
Since  that  time  he  has  constantly  filled  the 
duties  of  that  office  with  credit  to  himself  and 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  community.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  his  political  views,  and  socially 
affiliates  with  the  G.  A.  R. 


f»^ 


I[rA  WOODIN,  in  honor  of  whom  the  town 
of  Woodinville,  King  county,  Washington, 
-1  was  named,  was  born  in  Dutchess  county. 
New  York,  May  1,  1833,  son  of  Milton  D.  and 
Anna  M.  (Lawrence)  Woodin.  During  his  in- 
fancy his  parents  moved  to  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  and  when  he  was  ten  years  old  they  located 
in  Jefferson  county,  Wisconsin,  where  they  re- 
mained eight  years,  removing  from  there  to 
Berrien  county,  Michigan.  About  the  time  he 
was  twenty  Ira  decided  to  seek  his  fortune  in 
the  far  West.  He  made  the  journey  with  an  ox 
team,  via  the  Platte,  Snake,  and  Grande  Ronde 
rivers,  and  Barlow's  Pass,  reaching  the  Willam- 
ette river  in  September,  1853.  He  spent  one 
year  in  Washington  county,  Oregon.  During 
that  time  he  helped  to  drive  a  herd  of  sixty 
cattle  from  Washington  county  into  northern 
California. 

In  October,  1854,  Mr.  Woodin  came  to  Seat- 
tle, Washington.  Here,  in  company  with  his 
father,  he  started  a  tannery  under  the  name  of 
Woodin  &  Son,  their  location  being  on  Yesler 
avenue  between  South  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets. 
Their  tannery  was  burned  by  the  Indians  at  the 
time  of  the  attack  on  Seattle,  February  14, 1855, 
and  their  entire  stock,  amounting  to  1800,  was 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


lost.  The  following  year  the  whole  country  was 
so  completely  upset  that  very  little  business 
was  transacted.  Early  in  1866  they  started  an- 
other tannery,  but  this  they  soon  afterward  sold 
out  to  D.  K.  Baxter.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
then  located  ou  a  ranch  southeast  of  Seattle, 
three  miles  from  town,  securing  title  to  the 
same  under  the  homestead  law.  He  cleared 
about  fifteen  acres  of  this  tract  and  remained 
on  it  until  March,  1872.  At  that  time  he  came 
to  his  present  location  at  Woodinville  Junction, 
on  tiie  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad, 
which  place  was  named  for  him.  At  this  point  he 
pre-empted  160  acres  of  land,  eighty  of  which 
are  now  clear.  Subsequently  he  opened  here 
under  the  firm  name  of  Sanders  &  Woodin,  a 
general  merchandise  store,  which  he  is  still  suc- 
cessfully conducting.  Mr.  Woodin  sold  his 
ranch  near  Seattle  in  1890. 

He  was  married  January  1,  1863,  to  Susan 
M.  Campbell,  a  native  of  Marion  county,  Ore- 
gon. Their  children  are  as  follows:  Mrs.  Helen 
A.  Keller,  who  was  born  December  14,  1864, 
has  live  children;  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Sanders,  who 
was  born  December  13,  1867,  also  has  live  chil- 
dren; and  Frank  A.,  born  January  14,  1879. 

Mr.  "Woodin  passed  through  many  of  the 
difficulties  and  trials  connected  with  the  early 
settlement  on  Puget  Sound.  In  recurring  to 
his  reminiscences  of  pioneer  days,  Mr.  "Woodin 
says  that  on  the  evening  of  February  13,  1855, 
a  friendly  Indian  named  Salmon  Bay  Curley 
came  to  the  tannery  and  told  him  and  his  fa- 
ther all  about  the  coming  Indian  attack.  They 
paid  no  attention  to  him,  however,  but  remem- 
bered his  warning  later.  Mr.  "Woodin  was  one 
of  the  volunteers  who  assisted  at  the  burial  of 
the  massacred  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  Seattle. 
He  helped  to  bury  nine. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Woodin  is  a  member  of 
Bethel  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F. 


T|  W.  STRACK,  City  Engineer,  Spokane, 
^1  Washington, is  a  native  of  Michigan,  born 
V^  in  Caledonia,  Kent  county,  son  of  John 
and  Lena  (Demert)  Strack,  natives  of  Canada. 
His  father  was  a  boot  and  shoe  merchant. 

Mr.  Strack  received  his  education  in  his  native 
county,  being  a  graduate  of  the  Grand  Rapids 
high  school.  He  acquired  a  practical  knowledge 
of  his  profession  through  private  instruction  and 


by  hard  study  and  practice.  He  lived  in  Grand 
Rapids  for  some  time,  and  from  there  moved  to 
Minneapoli.s,  Minnesota,  where  he  made  his 
home  nine  years.  In  1886  he  moved  to  Spo- 
kane, Washington,  and  for  some  time  was  in 
railroad  employ  in  this  vicinity.  Then  he 
opened  an  office  in  Spokane,  and  the  firm  with 
which  he  is  connected  is  one  of  the  most  noted 
in  the  Northwest.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed City  Engineer  by  the  City  Council, 
served  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  and  re- 
tired from  office.  He  was,  however,  re-appointed 
to  the  same  position  by  Mayor  Drumheller,  and 
again  received  the  appointment  from  Mayor  E. 
L.  Powell,  May  2,  1893. 

He  was  married,  in  1888,  to  Miss  Ida  May 
Snyder,  a  native  of  Illinois  and  a  daughter  of 
ex  Judge  Snyder,  their  marriage  being  consum- 
mated at  Spokane.  Mrs.  Strack  is  a  graduate 
of  Christian  College,  Spokane,  having  received 
the  highest  honors  of  her  class.  They  have  one 
child,  Royal  Byron,  aged  two  years. 

Mr.  Strack  comes  from  a  literary  family,  and 
is  himself  a  great  reader  and  a  man  of  broad 
and  progressive  views.  His  residence  and 
grounds  are  among  the  handsomest  in  Spokane. 
His  residence  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  is 
finished  and  furnished  with  all  modern  improve- 
ments, and  the  general  surroundings  of  this 
beautiful  home  indicate  at  once  that  the  owner 
and  his  family  are  people  of  culture  and  refine- 
ment. 


[[ENRY  MANKIN,  Spokane,Washington, 
was  born  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  in 
1856,  son  of  W.  H.  Mankin,  a  native  of 
Maryland.  His  parents  died  when  he 
was  quite  young,  and  he  was  early  in  life  thrown 
upon  his  own  responsibilities.  His  youthful 
days  between  1863  and  1870  were  spent  in 
Minnesota,  where  he  attended  the  common 
schools  and  worked  on  a  farm.  In  the  year 
1870  he  moved  to  Dakota,  and  for  a  time 
was  in  Government  employ  in  that  Territory. 
In  1876  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  where  he 
prospected  and  mined,  making  some  valuable 
discoveries  and  investments.  He  recently  sold 
his  interest  in  the  Rattler  mine  for  the  sum  of 
S'45,000,  and  still  has  valuable  holdings  there. 
He  is  also  interested  in  other  rich  mining 
property  in  British  Columbia.  Mr.  Mankin 
may  truly  be  regarded  as  a  pioneer  of  the  West. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


His  life  furnishes  an  excellent  illustration  of 
what  can  be  accomplished  in  this  country  by 
the  exercise  of  perseverance  and  good  manage- 
ment. 

Politically,  Mr.  Maulun  acts  with  the  Repub- 
lican party. 

— ^€@«^'^^ — 

JIames  sterling  galloway.— 
Among  the  enterprisinor  yonng  business 
men  of  Walla  W^alla  stands  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  He  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Illinois,  August  27,  1857.  His  father,  Isaac 
N.  Galloway,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
married  Miss  Sarah  Sterling,  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1850,  set- 
tling on  a  farm  and  taking  up  agricultural  life. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the 
Third  Missouri  Cavalry  and  served  three  and 
one-iialf  years,  and  died  in  1883,  never  having 
recovered  from  injuries  received  while  in  the 
army. 

Appleton's  history  speaks  of  Benjamin 
Franklin  leaving  for  England  before  the  Revo- 
lutionary war  and  placing  his  private  papers  in 
the  care  of  a  Mr.  Galloway,  a  lawyer  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  was  a  man  of  considerable  noto- 
riety, and  wlio  was  his  trusted  friend.  This 
gentleman  was  an  ancestor  of  our  subject,  and 
the  profession  of  law  has  been  the  occnpationof 
many  members  of  the  family.  When  Isaac 
Galloway  died  he  had  readied  the  age  of  fifty- 
two  years,  but  his  wife  is  still  living,  in  Illinois. 
Three  children  comprised  the  family,  and  of 
these  our  subject  is  the  oldest. 

When  James  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  years  he  decided  to  take  Horace  Greeley's 
advice,  and  to  "go  West  and  grow  up  with  the 
country."  He  arrived  in  Oregon  with  but  5 
cents  in  his  pocket,  but  with  a  determination  to 
succeed  and  a  will  that  augured  for  the  attain- 
mentof  desired  ends.  He  finally  arrived  at  the 
decision  that  the  farm  was  not  the  place  for 
him,  and,  after  passing  six  months  in  agricult- 
ural work,  he  entered  Santiam  Academy  at 
Lebanon,  where  he  finished  his  education,  grad- 
uating in  the  department  of  pliarmacy  in  1885. 
In  1886  he  came  to  Walla  AValla,  arriving  in 
the  town  with  $1.75  as  cash  capital.  He  en- 
gaged as  clerk  in  a  store  at  the  nominal  salary 
of  $50  per  month,  but  at  the  end  of  one  year 
was  compelled  to  relinquisli  this  work  on  account 
of  impaired  health.     For  three  years  following 


lie  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  medicine 
and  pharmacology,  but  identified  himself  with 
no  particular  enterprise,  making  the  recovery  of 
his  health  liis  chief  consideration.  At  the  end 
of  the  time  noted  he  formed  a  co-partnership 
with  Mr.  J.  W.  Estet  and  purchased  tlie  city 
drug  store,  but  remained  there  only  a  short 
time,  selling  his  interest  to  his  partner.  In  the 
fall  of  1892  lie  purchased  the  old  Dr.  Day  drug 
store,  and  is  now  conducting  the  same  as  sole 
proprietor.  He  has  a  fine  store  and  an  excellent 
patronage,  and,  as  he  has  shown  fine  business 
qualifications,  he  will  probably  become  one  of 
the  financial  pillars  of  the  city  in  the  future. 
Since  coming  from  the  East  our  vsnbject  has 
done  well.  He  arrived  in  Oregon  with  limited 
means,  but  now  his  stock  is  worth  $6,000  and 
is  all  his  own,  while  he  is  master  of  a  profes- 
sion which  anywhere  will  give  him  a  comfort- 
able subsistence.  Politically  he  is  a  Rejnib- 
lican,  but  not  at  all  radical,  and  votes  for  the 
man  rather  than  the  party  when  it  comes  to 
county  officers. 

While  Mr.  Galloway  will  be  found  to  be  one 
of  the  most  courteous  gentlemen  of  his  profes- 
sion, still  lie  has  proved  himself  a  thorough 
business  man,  ever  confining  himself  to  the 
observance  of  the  old  maxim,  '•  Business  first 
and  pleasure  afterward." 


-^4 


CHARLES  CLINTON  GRIDLEY,  only 
son  of  Harvey  H.  and  Amanda  Ellen 
Gridley,  was  born  October  12,  1857,  in 
Kendall  county,  Illinois,  where  he  resided  with 
his  parents  on  a  farm  until  1871,  when  the 
family  removed  to  the  quiet  and  beautiful  vil- 
lage of  Vancouver,  Washington,  which  has  been 
their  home  ever  since.  C.  Clinton  Gridley  was 
kept  closely  in  school  at  the  old  Vancouver 
Seminary  and  had  just  entered  upon  his  senior 
year  wlien  the  institution  closed,  never  to  be 
opened  again.  He  is  an  eiathusiastic  member 
of  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Cir- 
cle, having  read  two  four-year  courses.  In  the 
winter  of  1875-'76  he  tried  one  term  of  school- 
teaching,  and  in  June,  1876,  with  his  father 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  On  October 
12,  1882,  he  was  joined  in  life's  journey  to 
Mattie  L.  Hathaway,  second  daughter  of  Hon. 
M.  R.  Hathaway,  who  was  then  residing  in 
Poi-tland,  Oregon. 


BISTORT    OF    WASUINOrON. 


In  his'spaieinoinents  he  wrote  up  a  set  of 
abstract  books,  which  e;rew  into  a  separate  busi- 
ness demanding  all  his  time,  and  thus  caused 
him  to  sever  his  connection  with  the  furniture 
business  in  1889.  In  181)0  he  added  a  loan  de- 
partment, which  lias  proved  a  great  beneiit  to 
those  needing  farm  loans.  He  has  invented  a 
numerical  system  of  platting  which  is  now  used 
in  preparing  county  assessments. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Metliodist  Episcopal 
Church,  president  of  the  Epworth  League  and 
believes  in  prohibiting  the  liquor  business  for- 
ever. 


5TEPHEN  D.  DENNIS,  editor  and  man- 
\  ager  of  the  Vancouver  Columbian.     This 
. -     paper  was  established  in  1890,  the  stock 

having  been  subscribed  by  a  number  of  stanch 
Democrats  of  Clarke  county,  and  our  subject 
was  selected  to  take  charge  as  business  manager. 
It  made  its  first  appearance  as  a  four-page,  six- 
column  journal,  and  so  confined  until  March  13, 
1891,  wiien  it  was  enlarged  to  nine  columns. 
In  January,  1893,  it  made  its  appearance  as  an 
eight-page  journal,  is  now  the  leading  paper  of 
the  county,  and  compares  favorably  with  any 
weekly  journal  of  the  Northwest.  It  has  a  far 
greater  circulation  than  any  weekly  of  the 
county,  and  under  its  able  management  has  con- 
stantly increased  its  circulation.  It  has  been 
self-sustaining  almost  from  the  beginning,  and 
its  financial  success  has  been  highly  satisfactory 
to  the  stockholders.  Mr.  Dennis,  although  not 
an  old  journalist,  is  certainly  a  man  of  push, 
energy  and  executive  ability. 

He  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  April 
12,  1861,  a  soil  of  Allen  and  Mary  (Whittaker) 
Dennis,  natives  of  Tennessee.  The  father  died 
in  1871.  On  botli  sides  the  family  are  old 
American  citizens,  and  the  ancestors  were  pa- 
triot soldiers  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Stephen 
D.,  the  eldest  of  nine  children,  remained  in  his 
native  State  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when 
he  entered  the  high  school  of  Great  Bend,  Kan- 
sas, and  attended  that  institution  until  1879. 
He  then  worked  for  a  time  in  a  printing  ofKce 
of  that  city,  but  did  not  complete  his  trade,  and 
later  returned  to  the  State  of  his  birth.  Mr. 
Dennis  next  engaged  in  teaching,  holding  a 
certilicate  from  KansHs;  also  contributed  to 
various  journals;  was  a  nierchaiit  and  Post- 
master   of    Chestline,    Illinois;   purchased  and 


conducted  the  Lane  County  Herald  in  Kansas 
fifteen  months,  and  in  1886  came  to  Vancouver, 
Washington.  Soon  after  locating  here  Mr. 
Dennis  engaged  in  milling  in  Clarke  county, 
owned  and  successfully  conducted  a  shingle  mill 
live  years,  and  was  then  employed  in  buying 
and  selling  town  and  country  property  until  he 
took  charge  of  the  Vancouver  Columbian.  Our 
subject  was  chosen  by  the  Washington  State 
Editorial  Association  as  a  delegate  to  San  Eran- 
cisco,  and  is  also  correspondent  from  southwest- 
ern Washington  of  the  San  Francisco  Examiner 
and  Seattle  Telegraph.  Was  military  corre- 
spondent of  the  Omaha  Bee,  has  been  a  member 
of  the  City  Council  of  Vancouver,  has  repre- 
sented his  county  in  the  State  Convention  of 
1890- '92  and  in  the  State  Democratic  Central 
Committee,  and  was  practically  the  organizer 
of  the  southwestern  Washington  counties,  rep- 
resenting the  Democratic  Union  in  1892.  In 
addition  to  his  other  interests,  Mr.  Dennis  owns 
63Q  acres  of  farm  land  in  Clarke  county,  240 
acres  of  which  is  located  on  Lake  river,  and  is 
known  as  Cedar  Dale.  He  also  owns  residence 
property  in  Vancouver,  and  twenty-six  acres 
adjoining  the  city,  which  is  devoted  to  fruit- 
growing. 

In  Illinois,  February  18,  1880,  Mr.  Dennig 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Amanda  R. 
Spires,  a  native  of  that  State.  They  have  five 
children:  Arthur,  Ethel,  Albert,  Elsie  and  El- 
mer. Socially,  our  subject  is  a  member  of  the 
F.  lie  A.  M.,  blue  lodge  and  chapter,  also  of  the 
K.  of  F.  and  the  O.  IT.  A.  M.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  tilling  one  of  the  official  chairs  in  the 
first  named  older. 


-^^-*-f^^ 


C'^HARLES  E.  ALEXANDER,  County 
\  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools  of 
^  Vancouver,  was  born  in  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  December  17,  1864,  a  son  of  Rev. 
James  H.  and  Ann  E.  (Crawford)  Alexander, 
natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  crossed  the 
plains  to  Washigton  in  1859,  and  has  filled  the 
pulpit  in  the  denomination  of  United  Brethren 
many  years.  The  mother  descended  from  one 
of  tiie  oldest  families  of  Kentucky,  her  ances- 
tors, named  Harding, havingfigured  prominently 
in  the  early  history  of  that  State,  and  were 
friend  and  neighbors  of  Daniel  Boone. 


IirSTOBT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


451 


Charles  K.  Alexander,  the  seventh  in  a  family 
of  eight  children,  received  his  early  education 
in  tlie  public  schools,  and  later  entered  the  well- 
known  Philomath  College,  of  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  graduating  at  that  institution  in  the 
class  of  1883.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  teaching,  principally  in  the  public 
schools  of  Clarke  county.  In  November,  1892, 
Mr.  Alexander  was  elected  to  his  present  im- 
portant position,  and  took  charge  of  tlie  ardu- 
ous duties  connected  with  that  office  January  9, 
1892.  He  owns  seventy  acres  of  farming  land, 
located  seven  miles  north  of  Vancouver,  on 
Salmon  creek,  forty  acres  of  which  is  cleared 
and  devoted  to  fruit  trees.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Vancouver  Fruit-Growers'  Association,  and 
a  prominent  and  active  worker  in  the  Demo- 
cratic party. 

Mr.  Alexander  was  joined  in  marriage,  July 
20,  1890,  with  Miss  Emma  Cramer,  a  native  of 
Wisconsin.  They  have  one  daughter,  Veva. 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  no  secret  order  or 
social  clubs,  and  his  entire  time  is  devoted  to 
educational  matters.  He  is  a  man  of  refined 
qualities,  and  has  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

/P^  EOIIGE  A.  NEKTON,  Sheriff  of  Clarke 
I  T|'  county,  was  born  in  Columbia  county, 
\A\    Oregon,    February    25,    1854,    a  son  of 

^  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Lockin)  Nerton, 
natives  of  England.  The  parents  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1848,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in 
1852,  and  in  1855  renaoved  to  Clarke  county, 
AVashington,  where  the  father  followed  farming 
until  his  death,  in  1881. 

George  A.,  the  second  in  a  family  of  thirteen 
children,  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  this  county, 
and  educated  in  the  public  schools.  After 
reaching  a  suitable  age  he  was  engaged  in  dray- 
ing  in  Vancouver  four  years,  and  tlien  became 
shipping  clerk  to  the  Vancouver  Transportation 
Company,  holding  that  position  during  the 
years  of  1879-'80.  Mr.  Nerton  has  served  as 
Clerk  of  the  School  Board,  as  member  of  the 
police  force  of  this  city,  is  an  active  and  stanch 
advocate  of  the  principles  of  Democracy,  and 
was  tlie  choice  of  his  party  for  County  Sheriff, 
elected  in  November,  1892. 

In  this  city,  in  1878,  our  subject  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  Caples,  a  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  II.  L.  Caples,  of  Vancouver.      She 


died  in  1890,  leaving  four  children,  three  of 
whom  still  survive:  Ethel  M.,  Bessie  and  Milli- 
cent.  Enna  died  in  July,  1892.  Mr.  Nerton 
was  again  married,  at  Walla  Walla,  October  7, 
1892,  to  Miss  Mattie  Duncan,  a  native  of  Cali- 
fornia. Mr.  Nerton  is  tilling  an  official  chair  in 
tlie  K.  of  P.,  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  the 
I.  O.  R.  M. 


CAPTAIN  MICHAEL  O'CONNELL,  a 
retired  Sergeant  of  Ordnance  at  the  Van- 
couver Post,  was  born  in  County  Kerry, 
Ireland,  May  16,  1826,  a  son  of  John  and  Mary 
(Mahoney)  O'Connell,  natives  also  of  that  coun- 
try. The  parents  reared  a  family  of  live  chil- 
dren, three  sons  and  two  daughters.  The  father 
died  in  1847,  and  the  remainder  of  the  family, 
excepting  our  subject,  came  to  America,  locat- 
incr  in  Jolmstown,  Pennsylvania,  where  the 
mother  died   in  1862. 

Michael  O'Connell,  the  subject  of  tliis  sketch, 
emin-rated  to  America  in  1850,  and  in  1861  re- 
ceived a  Captain's  commission,  commanding 
Company  C,  Fifty-lifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry.  He  served  until  1863,  when  he  re- 
signed his  position,  and  in  the  same  year  en- 
listed in  the  ordnance  department.  Mr.  O'Con- 
nell has  been  for  over  thirty  years  an  enlisted 
man,  and  during  twenty- three  years  of  that  pe- 
riod was  a  Sergeant  of  Ordnance  at  the  Van- 
couver Post,  a  position  from  which  he  has  but 
recently  retired.  In  1889,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  City  Council,  but  resigned  his 
position  before  the  expiration  of  his  term.  He 
was  again  elected  in  1891,  and  is  still  a 
member. 

May  26,  1855,  at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
lie  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Ellen 
O'Connell,  and  both  are  consistent  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church. 

~  LEXANDEPt  J.  COOK,  Treasurer  of 
Clarke  county,  was  born  in  Aberdeen, 
"^  Scotland,  January  20,  1856,  an  only  son 
of  A.  L.  and  Mary  (McDonald)  Cook, 
natives  also  of  that  country.  The  family  came 
to  America,  and  to  Vancouver,  Washington,  in 
1871,  where  the  father  and  son  engaged  in  the 
nursery  business,  botli  having  been  reared  from 


U I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


boyhood  to  that  occupation.  Their  nursery 
was  established  by  the  Hon.  S.  W.  Brown,  in 
1861,  and  about  seventeen  years  ago  passed  into 
the  hands  of  its  present  owners.  A.  Cook  & 
Son  own  in  all  100  acres,  the  place  being  known 
as  the  Vancouver  Nursery,  and  being  probably 
the  largest  and  most  complete  concern  of  its 
kind  northwest  of  California.  They  raise  all 
kinds  of  choice  fruit  trees,  besides  shrubbery, 
vines,  roses,  ornamental  trees,  etc. 

Alexander  J.  Cook,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
is  also  associated  in  the  fruit-growing  industry 
with  the  Hon.  L.  B.  Clough,  and  they  own  160 
acres  in  Multnomah  county,  Oregon,  located  on 
Government  island.  Tliey  have  already  forty 
acres  in  an  orchard,  consisting  of  peach  and 
pear  trees,  all  in  a  healthy  and  flourishing  con- 
dition. They  are  now  preparing  the  ground 
for  additional  orchard,  and  this  will  soon  be  set 
to  trees.  Mr.  Cook  was  elected  to  his  present 
position  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1890,  car- 
rying the  county  with  a  handsome  majority,  and 
again,  in  1892,  was  the  choice  of  his  party  for 
tbe  same  office.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of 
tile  Masonic  order,  having  passed  all  the  chairs 
in  the  blue  lodge  and  taken  the  degrees  of  the 
Scottish  Kite. 

In  Yancouver,  December '8,  1892,  our  sub- 
ject was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Albertina 
Wintler. 

T|T[  UGH  H.    McMillan,  of  the   firm   of 
|pl|    Ross,  McMillan  &  Company,  real-estate 
I     ll    and    insurance  agents,   Spokane,   Wash- 
■fj  ington,   dates     his    birth    in    Glengarry 

county.  East  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1855.  He  was 
the  fourtli  born  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  his 
parents  being  H.  R.  and  Mary  (McMillan)  Mc- 
Millan, natives  of  Canada.  His  great-grand- 
father, John  D.  McMillan,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
came  to  America  and  settled  in  Canada  when  a 
young  man  and  was  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers 
of  East  Ontario.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
McMillan  family  in  this  country.  The  father 
of  our  subject  is  a  farmer  and  is  now  living  in 
the  same  neighborhood  in  which  his  grand- 
father settled. 

Hugh  H.  McMillan  bad  excellent  educational 
advantages.  After  attending  the  common  and 
high  schools,  he  entered  Queen's  University  at 
Kingston,  Ontario,  in  the  fall  of  1875,  and  grad- 
uated at  that  institution  in  the  spring  of  1880, 


receiving  the  honors  in  natural  philosopliy, 
mathematics  and  political  economy,  taking  class 
prizes  and  also  writing  prize  essays.  The  sum- 
mer following  his  graduation  he  engaged  in 
the  ministry  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  be- 
ing in  a  mission  field,  and  that  fall  entered  the 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  where  he  con- 
tinued till  the  spring  of  1883,  when  he  gradu- 
ated. During  this  time  he  spent  his  summer 
vacations  in  preaching.  At  the  solicitation  of 
Rev.  H.  W.  Hill,  then  synodical  missionary  of 
the  Synod  of  the  Columbia,  Mr.  McMillan  came 
West  and  took  work  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  arriv- 
ing there  in  July,  1883.  In  one  year's  time  he 
erected  the  only  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
town,  built  up  the  organization  and  placed  it  on 
a  solid  working  basis.  Desiring  to  enter  a 
purely  missionary  field,  he  resigned  his  charge 
at  Moscow,  and  went  into  the  "Big  Eend" 
country.  He  established  the  first  church  at 
Davenport,  and  for  two  years  traveled  over  that 
section  of  the  country,  at  first  on  horseback  and 
afterward  in  a  buggy,  and  during  that  time  or- 
gaTiized  four  churches,  three  of  which  are  now 
prospering.  Then,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he 
was  compelled  to  give  up  preaching,  and,  in 
partnership  with  his  brother,  he  bought  land 
near  Davenport  and  worked  on  the  farm  two 
years.  Next  he  returned  his  attention  to  the 
real-estate  business  in  Davenport,  continuing 
there  successfully  until  January,  1890,  when  he 
came  to  Spokane  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
business  here.  He  has  made  wise  investments 
in  real-estate  and  this  property  is  rapidly  ad- 
vancing in  value. 

Mr.  McMillan  is  an  active  tempei-ance  worker. 
He  adopted  the  cause  of  Prohibition  because  it 
is  his  principle,  and  sacrificed  preferment  when 
he  retired  from  the  Republican  ranks.  He  was 
a  candidate  for  Representative  on  the  Prohibi- 
tion ticket  in  1891. 


ENNETH  J.  L.  ROSS,  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Ross,  McxMillan  &  Company, 
insurance  and  loan  agents,  Spokane, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Canada  and  is 
the  oldest  son  of  Donald  and  Catharine  (George) 
Ross.  His  mother  is  a  daughter  of  Dr.  George. 
His  father  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  has  been  in  the  ministry  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Kenneth  J.  L.  Koss  was  educated  at  Queen's 
College,  Canada,  and  at  Lake  Forest  Univer- 
sity, Illinois,  graduating  in  1883.  The  same 
year  he  graduated  he  came  West,  located  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  engaged  with  his  father  in 
the  insurance  business.  In  1888  he  came  to 
Spokane.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Washington  Savings  Bank,  and  was  its  cashier 
for  two  years.  After  that  he  again  turned  his 
attention  to  insurance  and  also  dealt  in  real-es- 
tate. The  firm  of  which  he  is  now  a  member 
was  organized  in  Mai-ch,  1892,  and  has  since 
been  conducting  a  successful  business.  They 
represent  a  number  of  prominent  fire-insurance 
companies.  They  also  represent  the  Union 
Central  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Ohio,  and 
invest  funds  for  individuals  on  farm  and  city 
property. 

FEOCKWOOD' MOORE  is  one  of  the 
liberal-minded,  public-spirited  and  pro- 
^  gressive  men  of  Spokane,  Washington, 
and  has  probably  done  as  much  or  more  than 
any  one  man  to  advance  the  interests  of  this 
place. 

Mr.  MoorQ  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1852, 
son  of  Joseph  Lewis  and  Sarah  (Rockw^ood) 
Moore,  natives  of  New  York.  His  parents 
moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1887  and  located  at 
Oshkosh,  where  they  reared  a  large  family  of 
children'.  His  father  was  a  merchant.  He 
lived  to  be  sixty-six  years  old  and  died  in  1866: 
the  mother  passed  away  in  1856.  They  were 
members  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  edu- 
cation at  Racine  (Wisconsin)  College,  and  in 
1872,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  came  West  and  was 
engaged  in  business  in  Portland  and  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  1878  he  was  a  member  of  a  party 
that  visited  Spokane  Falls,  and  he  was  so  well 
pleased  with  the  place  that  he  located  here  in 
the  spring  of  1880,  and  engaged  in  railroad 
constructing  and  general  merchandising,  which 
he  continued  until  1883.  He  at  once  ranked 
with  the  foremost  citizens,  and  he  has  steadily 
climbed  the  commercial  and  financial  ladder  until 
he  now  stands  upon  the  highest  round.  In  1882 
he  joined  the  organization  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  of  which  he  was  the  first  president.  He 
is  president  of  the  Washington  Water  Power 
Company,  vice-president  of  the  Cable  Railway 
Company,  director  in  the  Electric  Light  Com- 


pany, director  in  the  Spokane  Street  Railway 
Company,  president  of  the  Last  Chance  Mining 
Company, — their  mines  being  in  Wardner, 
Idaho, —  and  is  a  large  owner  in  the  South  Side 
Railway  Company. 

Mr.  Moore  has  accumulated  a  considerable 
fortune,  being  among  the  most  extensive  prop- 
erty owners.  His  wealth,  however,  is  at  the 
disposal  of  every  enterprise  which  can  in  any 
way  effect  the  progress  and  advancement  of  this 
city.  He  is  one  of  those  citizens  who  are 
always  consulted  on  matters  appertaining  to  the 
public  welfare,  arid  his  voice  is  always  heard  in 
defense  of  those  measures  which  can  benefit  the 
city  and  country.  Mr.  Moore  was  one  of  the 
most  enthusiastic  supporters  of  the  Northwestern 
Industrial  Ex])oeition,  to  which  he  contributed 
liberally,  antl  of  wliich  he  is  now  treasurer.  In 
18i)0  he  l)uilt  his  handsome  residence  under  the 
bluff  at  the  head  of  Howard  street,  from  which 
a  magnificent  view  of  the  city  and  surrounding 
country  is  secured. 

He  was  married  in  1878,  to  Miss  Frances 
Sherlock,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  a  member  of  the 
Episcopal  (Jhurch. 


G 


APTATN    WILLIAM    R.    BALLARD, 

president  of  the  Seattle  Savings  Bank,  and 
prominently  connected  with  other  financial 
institutions  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Richland 
county,  Ohio,  August  12,  1847. 

His  father,  Dr.'' Levi  W.  Ballard,  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  was  educated  in  New  England 
and  from  there  removed  to  Oiiio,  where  he  fol- 
lowed his  profession  and  where  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Phoebe  McConnell,  of  that  State.  Mrs. 
Ballard  died  in  1848,  leaving  two  children, 
Irving  and  William  R.,  who  were  taken  and 
eared  for  by  their  grandparents.  In  1851  Dr. 
Ballard  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  mined 
one  year  and  then  returned  to  Ohio.  In  1853 
he  again  crossed  the  plains,  this  time  coming  to 
Oregon  and  locating  at  Portland,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  the 
fall  of  1855.  The  following  winter  he  was  in 
the  Indian  war,  acting  as  sui-geon  in  the  Rogue 
river  valley.  In  1856  he  returned  East,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1857  w-as  married,  in  New  Jersey, 
to  Miss  Mary  Condit.  His  children  then  joined 
him  and  they  started  for  the  Pacific  coast,  em- 
barking from    New  York  on    the  old  steamer 


HISTORY    OF     WASIIINOTON. 


Northern  Light  for  Aspiiuvall,  thence  by  the 
Isthmus  to  Panama,  where  they  took  passage  on 
the  Brother  Jonathan,  landing  in  Portland  in 
March,  1857.  Dr.  Ballard  located  a  farm  near 
Kosebnrg,  Oregon,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits  and  also  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  np  to  1861.  Then  he  moved  to 
Wilbur,  Oregon,  to  give  his  children  the  edu- 
cational advantages  of  Umpqua  College.  In 
1865  he  moved  to  the  Sound  country  and  pur- 
chased 160  acres  of  land,  on  a  portion  of  which 
he  laid  off  the  town  of  Slaughter  in  1887,  and 
there  he  still  resides. 

"William  li.  Ballard  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  llosenburg,  and  at  the  Umpqua 
College,  where  he  completed  an  academic  course. 
Removing  with  his  parents  to  the  Sound  coun- 
try, he  then  spent  three  years  at  hom.e,  render- 
ing his  strength  in  the  reclamation  of  a  farm  in 
the  midst  of  a  wild  and  undeveloped  country. 
In  1868  he  entered  the  Univ-ersity  of  Washing- 
ton and  passed  one  year  in  study,  and  then  be- 
gan teaching  school  in  King,  and  later  Pierce 
and  Thurston  counties.  Evincing  a  natural  aj^t- 
ness  for  matliematics,  his  attention  was  turned 
to  surveying,  which  he  followed  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1873  iu  Pierce  county,  and,  becoming  so 
proficient  in  that  line  of  work  he  secured  a  con- 
tract in  1874  to  survey  the  Yakima  Indian  Res- 
servation.  Upon  completing  his  work,  some 
complication  arose  in  regard  to  the  payment 
therefor,  necessitating  his  going  to  Washington, 
District  Columbia,  in  1875,  where  he  passed  the 
winter  in  securing  a  settlement.  Returning  to 
Seattle,  he  then  accepted  the  position  of  mate  on 
the  steamer  Zephyr,  owned  by  his  brother,  and 
engaged  in  the  passenger  service  between  Seat- 
tle and  Olympia.  In  the  fall  of  1877  he  was 
made  captain  of  the  vessel,  in  1881  became  part 
owner,  and  in  1883  sole  owner.  He  continued 
running  the  steamer  until  June,  1887,  when  he 
sold  out.  He  had  conducted  a  large  and  profit- 
able business,  and  through  the  judicious  invest- 
ment of  his  profits  he  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
liandsome  fortune. 

One  of  the  most  fortunate  investments  Cap- 
tain Ballard  made  was  in  1883,  when  he 


ated  himself  with  Judge  Thomas  Burke  and 
John  Leary  in  the  purchase  of  700  acres  of  land 
bordering  on  Salmon  bay,  upon  which  is  now 
located  that  prosperous  suburb  of  Seattle  known 
as  Ballard.  In  1877  they  organized  the  West 
Coast  Improvement  Comjiany,  Captain  Ballard 
becoming  vice  president  and  manager,  and  they 


began  clearing  the  aliove  tract,  and  in  1889 
placed  it  upon  the  market,  with  the  town  site 
platted  and  subdivided.  Through  the  judicious 
subsidizing  of  manufactories  and  milling  inter- 
ests, they  have  established  a  prosperous  manu- 
facturing community  of  some  2,500  population. 
The  work  incident  to  the  management  of  this 
company  has  largely  occupied  his  time  and  at- 
tention up  to  the  present,  though  he  has  been 
active  in  other  directions.  He  was  one  of  tlie 
organizers  of  the  Seattle  National  Bank,  which 
began  business  in  February,  1890,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  S250,000,  of  which  he  has  since  been  vice 
president  and  manager.  This  banking  company 
has  erected  on  the  corner  of  South  Second  street 
and  Yesler  avenue  a  six-story  stone  and  brick 
building,  one  of  the  finest  bank  buildings  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Seat- 
tle Savings  Bank  and  the  First  National  Bank, 
of  Waterville,  and  is  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
North  End  Bank,  Seattle,  and  the  Fairhaven 
National  Bank.  Captain  Ballard  is  also  vice 
president  of  the  West  Street  and  North  End 
Electric  Railway  Company,  and  a  large  stock- 
holder and  director  of  the  Terminal  Railway  and 
Elevator  Company. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle  in  1882,  to  Miss 
Estella  Thorndyke,  of  Maine.  The  had  five  chil- 
dren, one  son,  Stanly,  being  the  survivor. 

Captain  Ballard  aHiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.M. 
In  business  affairs  of  Seattle  he  occupies  a  posi- 
tion of  prominence  and  responsibility.  Being 
a  man  of  excellent  judgment,  progressive  in  his 
ideas,  and  of  great  public  spirit;  he  is  justly  con- 
ceded to  be  among  the  foremost  of  Seattle's 
most  successful  men. 

|\\/[(oDONALD  PIERCE,  a  member  of  the 
\Y(\     Board     of     Commissioners,     Klickitat 
I   '    11    county,  is  a   man  of    sound  judgment 
^/  and  good  executive    ability,   well-fitted 

by  natural  endowment  and  by  experience  for 
the  position  he  has  been  chosen  to  filL  In  the 
following  lines  will  be  given  a  brief  outline  of 
his  personal  history.  He  is  sprung  from  a  fam- 
ily of  English  origin,  whose  advent  upon  tliis 
continent  antedates  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
The  paternal  grandfather,  Wyley  Pierce,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  standing  heroically 
for  the  young  republic.  McDonald  Pierce  was 
born  in   the    State    of   Illinois,    Saline    county, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOrON. 


April  15,  1850,  the  only  sou  of  Williain  11.  and 
Julia  (Nelson)  Pierce,  natives  of  Georgia.  The 
family  removed  to  Texas  county,  Missouri,  about 
the  year  1855,  going  soon  after  to  Kolla,  Phelps 
county,  where  the  father  died.  Young  McDon- 
ald was  thus  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  in 
early  life.  After  the  death  of  his  father,  he 
went  to  Caldwell  county,  Missouri,  and  there 
was  engaged  in  farming  until  1873.  Joining 
the  emigrant  train  that  had  for  many  years  been 
winding  its  way  to  the  Pacific  coast,  he  arrived 
in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  where  he  engaged  in 
milling,  and  later  turned  his  attention  to  hop- 
growing,  one  of  the  chief  industries  of  this  sec- 
tion. After  a  residence  of  four  years  in  Linn 
county,  he  removed  to  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington, and  here  he  has  devoted  himslf  to  agri- 
culture. 

Politically,  he  supports  the  Republican  party 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  leading  issues 
of  the  day.  He  is  a  member  of  the  School 
Board,  and  in  the  fall  of  1892  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Klick- 
itat county.  In  his  official  capacity  he  has  lost 
no  opportunity  to  advance  the  interests  of  his 
constituency,  and  has  always  given  encourage- 
ment to  those  enterprises  having  for  their  ob- 
ject the  development  of  the  natural  resources  of 
the  county  and  State. 

Mr.  Pierce  has  been  twice  married:  his  first 
union  was  with  Miss  Mary  E.  Ham,  nee  Allen. 
By  her  first  marriage  she  had  one  daughter, 
and  her  death  occurred  October  30,  1885.  Mr. 
Pierce  was  married  a  second  time,  March  15, 
1887,  this  union  being  with  Miss  Mary  C.  Gout, 
of  Oregon.  They  have  had  two  children,  Ora 
E.  and  one  son  who  died  in  infancy. 

Mr.  Pierce  is  a  member  of  Alimus  Lodge, 
No.  15,  L  0.  0.  F.  of  Goldendale,  and  of  Gol- 
dendale  Lodge,  No.  31,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 


JILLIAM  P.  CRAWFORD,  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Crawford,  Mar- 
shall &  Company,  grocers  of  Vancou- 
ver, was  born  in  Cowlitz  county,  Washington, 
Jannary  23,  1858,  a  son  of  Peter  W.  and  Zillah 
H.  (Patterson)  Crawford,  both  now  deceased. 
The  father  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Tweed,  in  the  parish  of  Sprouston,  Koxbury- 
shire,  Scotland,  toward  the  close  of  1822.  When 
a  young  man  he  removed  to  Edinburgh,  where 


he  attended  school,  subsequently  proceeded  to 
London,  and  later  to  Southampton,  England, 
completing  his  education  at  the  last-named 
place.  In  1843  he  took  passage  for  Quebec, 
but  shortly  afterward  traveled  through  Michi- 
gan, Indiana  and  Illinois,  remaining  in  the  city 
of  Chicago  until  1847.  Leaving  Valparaiso, 
Indiana,  on  April  12,  of  that  year,  he  crossed 
the  ])lains  to  Oregon,  arriving"  at  The  Dalles, 
October  12,  1S47.  Mr.  Crawford  first  located 
on  Cowlitz  river,  and  later  made  the  lirst  survey 
for  the  town  site  of  Vancouver.  He  was  next 
engaged  in  mining  in  California  for  a  time,  but 
subsequently  returned  to  the  Cowlitz  river,  and 
in  1881  brought  his  family  to  Vancouver.  He 
was  elected  the  first  County  Surveyor  of  Cow- 
litz county;  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace;  was 
United  States  Deputy  Surveyor;  in  1883  was 
elected  Surveyor  of  Vancouver,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  accepted  the  office  of  County  Sur- 
veyor of  Clarke  county.  Mr.  Crawford  was 
married  July  30,  1854,  to  Miss  Zillah,  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Hon.  Ira  Patterson.  They  had 
seven  children,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
second  in  order  of  birth,  and  three  are  still 
living. 

William  P.  Crawford  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Cowlitz  county,  and  completed  his 
studies  at  the  high  school  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
in  1876.  His  early  life  was  devoted  to  farming, 
but  after  completing  his  education  he  engaged 
in  telegraphing  and  clerking  at  Kelso,  Cowlitz 
county,  about  two  years.  He  then  removed  to 
Fisher's  Landing,  Clarke  county,  and  in  1884 
came  to  Vancouver.  In  January,  of  that  year, 
the  grocery  firm  of  W.  P.  Crawford  &  Com- 
pany was  established,  and  they  continued  busi- 
ness about  twt.'  yrai-s,  when  Frank  N.  Marshall 
was  adiiiittcil  to'  the  firm.  The  firm  of  Craw- 
ford, Marshall  iV'  Company  carry  a  large  and 
well-selected  stock  of  ovniMal  oruccries,  delica- 
cies, etc.,  and  their  ^torc  is  mt,.ii,1  to  none  of  its 
kind  in  southwestern  Washington.  Mr.  Craw- 
ford has  been  prominently  identitied  with  many 
of  the  private  and  public  enterprises  of  Cowlitz 
and  Clarke  counties.  He  is  one  of  the  directors 
of  the  Commercial  Bank  of  Vancouver,  Treas- 
urer of  the  Vancouver  Building  Association, 
which  was  organized  in  1888;  has  served  as 
School  Clerk,  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  educational  matters.  In  his  politi- 
cal relations,  he  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  in 
1889  represented  his  party  in  the  State  conven- 
tion. 


BISTORT    OF    WASIIINGTON. 


April  20, 1892,  at  Atlanta,  Illinois,  Mr.  Craw- 
ford was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Mayme 
Hartley,  a  native  of  Bloomln^ton,  Illinois.  Our 
snbject  has  passed  all  the  official  chairs  in  the 
subordinate  lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  holds  a 
membership  in  the  Encampment  and  Kebekali 
degrees  of  that  order. 


LAYTON  E.  CLARK,  a  hardware  mer- 
chant of  Vancouver,  was  born  in  Ohio, 
March  5,  1865,  a  son  of  Daniel  D.  and 
Mary  (Brown)  Clark,  natives  also  of  that  State. 
The  father  is  now  a  well-known  optician  of 
Cleveland. 

Clayton  E.,  the  eldest  of  his  parents'  five 
children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
State,  and  in  early  life  l)egan  the  hardware  busi- 
ness. He  was  first  employed  as  clerk  for  Will- 
iam Bingham  &Co.,  of  Cleveland,  later  engaged 
as  traveling  salesman,  and  in  1888  removed  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  represented  the 
house  of  Foster  &  Roberts,  on  the  road  about 
two  years.  In  1890  Mr.  Clark  embarked  in 
the  hardware  business  in  Vancouver,  Washing- 
ton, under  the  firm  name  of  Chumasero  vt 
Clark,  and  this  house  claims  the  distinction  of 
being  the  first  exclusive  hardware  establishment 
in  Clarke  county.  In  June,  1892,  our  subject 
purchased  his  partner's  interest,  and  has  since 
continued  the  business  alone.  Mr.  Clark  is  a 
practical  man  in  his  line  of  trade,  was  reared 
to  the  business  from  early  childhood,  and  has 
had  valuable  experience  both  in  the  wholesale 
and  retail  trade.  He  carries  a  fine  stock  of 
hardware,  stoves,  tinware,  guns,  ammunition, 
all  sporting  goods,  lumbermen's  supplies,  me- 
chanics' tools,  etc.  The  store  is  located  on 
Main  street,  in  the  Columbia  Hotel  block. 

Mr.  Clark  was  married  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
to  Miss  Carolyn  Henry,  a  native  of  New  York. 
They  have  one  daughter,  Christine. 

FROF.  FRANK  J.  BARNARD,  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  of  the  city 
of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Medina,  Ohio, 
March  26,  1852. 
The  ancestors  of  the  Barnard  family  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Connecticut.     Later 


generations  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  in  Medina 
county,  that  State,  Judge  Samuel  C  Barnard, 
the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born.  At  the  age 
of  twelve  years  Judge  Barnard  began  self-sup- 
port, and  by  personal  effort  secured  a  common- 
school  education  and  an  academic  course  of 
about  eighteen  months.  With  mature  years  he 
began  teaching  school,  at  which  he  attained 
such  prominence  that  he  subsequently  opened 
at  Medina  a  normal  school  which  attracted  wide 
attention  and  proved  a  financial  as  well  as  an 
educational  success.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
County  Board  of  School  Examiners  for  seven- 
teen years,  except  while  occupying  the  position 
of  Probate  Judge.  At  last  broken  health  neces- 
sitated his  giving  up  the  work,  and  in  1874  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law,  having  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1852.  In  this  profession 
he  also  made  an  enviable  reputation.  As  Presi- 
dential Elector  he  was  elected  by  the  Republi- 
can party  in  1876,  and  was  made  a  member  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee  in  the  Ohio  Electoral 
College,  casting  his  vote  for  Rutherford  B. 
Hayes,  President,  and  William  A.  AVheeler, 
Vice-President.  As  a  public  speaker  he  was 
clear  and  logical  in  thought,  steady  and  apj^o- 
site  in  expression,  and  forcible  in  delivery.  He 
married  Miss  Malvina  M.  Martin,  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  who  was  granted  a  certificate 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  and  began  teaching  in  the 
public  schools,  which  line  of  action  she  pursued 
until  after  her  marriage. 

Frank  J.  Barnard  is  the  eldest  of  four  chil- 
dren. His  primary  education  was  received  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town.  He  then 
entered  the  grammar  department  of  Kenyon 
College  at  Gambler.  From  there  he  went  to 
Oberlin  and  began  the  study  of  the  languages, 
preparatory  to  a  course  in  the  classics.  This 
course,  however,  was  not  completed,  but  was 
changed  to  German,  PVench  and  philosophy. 
Offers  came  to  him  to  teach,  and  he  began  in 
the  country,  "boarding  around,"  as  was  the 
custom.  He  was  then  sent  to  Celina,  Ohio,  at 
the  suggestion  of  Prof.  Andrew  J.  Rickoff,  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  educators  of  that 
State.  He  remained  in  Celina  two  years,  during 
which  time  he  elevated  the  public  schools  of 
that  place  from  their  primitive  character  to  a 
graded  condition.  Prior  to  going  to  Celina, 
Mr.  Barnard  had  taken  a  partial  course  at  Cor- 
nell University,  Ithaca,  New  York,  to  which 
place  he  returned  from  Celina.  He  remained 
there    till    his    funds    were   used    up  and    his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Strength  exliausted  from  double  work.  Then 
he  accepted  the  superiutendency  of  the  Middle- 
town,  Ohio,  schools.  Before  leaving  Ithaca  he 
was  met  on  the  street  in  that  city  by  W.  E. 
Russell,  Vice-President  of  the  University,  who 
offered  to  loan  him  money  to  finish  his  course, 
but  Mr.  Barnard's  word  was  out  to  go  to  Mid- 
dletown,  which  he  did  and  there  remained  until 
1890,  when  he  came  to  Seattle  to  accept  the 
superiutendency  of  the  schools  of  this  city. 

It  was  the  wish  of  the  citizens  of  Seattle  to 
make  their  public-school  system  second  to  none 
in  the  United  States.  Tiie  sciiools  had  reached 
a  condition  when  there  was  need  of  reorganiza- 
tion upon  a  more  liberal  plan,  the  scliool  regis- 
tration, September,  1890,  numbering  3,398 
pupils  and  85  leachers.  The  first  necessity 
was  a  head — a  master  mind — to  organize  the 
system  in  all  its  parts  and  direct  it  harmoniously 
as  a  whole.  He  must  be  a  man  of  thorough 
education,  a  practical  teacher,  a  trained  and 
e.xperienced  administrator,  and  a  man  young 
enough  to  adapt  himself  to  local  conditions  and 
to  bring  strength  and  enthusiasm  to  his  work. 
There  were  many  applicants  for  the  place,  and 
after  long  and  careful  consideration  ProF.  Bar- 
nard was  engaged  for  the  work.  He  has  met 
every  emergency  witli  a  steadiness  of  grasp  and 
a  tact  tiiat  has  illustrated  his  perfect  fitness  for 
educational  work.  At  tiie  close  of  his  first  year 
the  Board  of  Education  engaged  him  for  a  term 
of  three  years.  The  schools  have  largely  in- 
creased in  attendance,  having  a  registration  at 
this  date,  June,  1893,  of  6,426  pupils  and  131 
teachers.  The  progress  of  the  schools  has  been 
marked,  as  is  well  shown  in  the  magnificent 
"Seattle  School  Exhibit"  at  the  World's  Fair. 
One  prominent  feature  of  the  Si'Mttle  sciiools  is 
the  plan  of  promotion  and  cla.-^itication.  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Barnard,  whereliy  pn]>ils  are 
enabled  to  advance  in  their  work  strictly  ac- 
cording to  their  individual  abilities  tlie  slow 
thinkers  not  Iteing  hurried  nor  the  rapid  ones 
retarded.  By  this  system  large  numbers  of  the 
])upils  complete  the  course  of  study  in  from  six 
months  to  two  years  less  time,  thereby  not  only 
saving  to  parents  and  taxpayers  thousands  of 
dollars,  but  greatly  increasing  the  thoroughness 
of  the  work  done  by  both  pupils  and  teaciiers. 
The  corps  of  insti'uctors  number  graduates  from 
many  colleges  of  the  United  States  and  thirty 
different  normal  schools. 

Mr.  Barnard  was  married  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
to  Miss  Anuali  L,  Fish,  a  foviiier  teacher  in  the 


public  schools  of  that  city.    They  have  two  chil- 
dren, a  son  and  daughter. 

Mr.  Barnard  holds  a  life  certiticate  from 
Ohio,  which  of  itself  is  one  of  the  greatest  re- 
wards of  merit,  and  in  his  present  work  he  is 
erecting  an  educational  monument  which  will 
redound  to  his  honor  and  to  the  distinction  of 
Seattle. 


,.j:i%., 


LYMAN  B.  ANDREWS,  one  of  the  repre- 
I    sentative  citizens  of  Seattle,  Washington, 
1  dates  his  birth  in   Ontario  county.  New 

York,  February  10,  1829.  He  traces  his  ances- 
try back  to  John  and  Mary  Andrews,  who  emi- 
grated from  the  north  of  England  to  the  New 
England  colonies  about  1610,  and  settled  in 
Connecticut.  Their  descendants  have  maiidy 
followed  in  that  line  of  occupation,  although 
William  Andrews,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  mechanic. 

William  Andrews  was  born  in  the  State  of 
Connecticut  in  1804,  and  about  1825  removed 
to  Ontario  county,  where  he  followed  the  trade 
of  brick-mason  during  the  summer  and  in  win- 
tor  attended  to  the  duties  of  tlie  farm.  He 
married,  in  Ontario  comity,  in  January,  1828, 
Miss  Hannah  Pierson,  also  a  native  of  New 
York.  In  1833  they  moved  to  Lenawee  county; 
Michigan,  locating  near  Adrian,  and  there  Mr 
Andrews  farmed  and  worked  at  his  trade.  Ly- 
man B.  secured  his  primary  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Adrian,  and  subsequently 
attended  the  academy  there. 

At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  began  work  in  the  foundry  and  ma- 
chine shop  in  Adrian,  and  in  1847  was  em- 
ployed on  the  Michigan  Central,  and  later  the 
Michigan  Southern,  during  the  c<.instruetion  of 
that  road  to  C'hicago.  He  was  a  general  utility 
man,  and,  being  competent  in  e\ery  depart- 
ment, was  employed  in  the  shop  or  as  engineer 
upon  the  road,  as  necessity  or  circumstances  re- 
quired. In  1854  he  went  to  Minnesota  and 
took  up  and  improved  a  farm,  and  at  intervals 
taught  school  until  1859.  In  1859,  in  company 
with  his  parents  and  his  family  (he  having  been 
married  several  years),  he  went  to  New  York, 
and  in  May  of  that  year  embarked,  via  the 
Panama  route,  for  California.  Upon  tlieii-  ari'i- 
val  in  the  Golden  State,  they  locati^  1  ;it  \,ip,i, 
where  the  family  resided,  while   Mr.  .Nndrcw- 


niSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


returned  to  his  trade,  finding  employment  as  a 
machinist  in  the  shops  of  San  Francisco. 

In  the  fall  of  1860  he  came  to  Seattle,  and, 
bringing  with  him  a  good  snpply  of  tools, 
opened  a  small  repair  shop  for  general  light 
work  and  trading  with  the  Indians.  During 
the  summers  of  1862  and  1863  he  was  engaged 
in  the  Government  surveys,  and  from  his 
knowledge  of  geology  he  concluded  there  must 
be  coal  deposits  in  the  country.  He  then  began 
prospecting  in  that  direction,  and  in  1863  dis- 
covered what  is  now  known  as  tiie  Gilman 
mine.  By  homestead  claim  and  purchase  he 
secured  400  acres  of  land  in  that  vicinity,  and 
at  once  developed  his  mine.  Tlie  first  "lead" 
showed  a  vein  of  sixteen  feet  between  floor  and 
roof.  This  is  still  known  as  the  Andrews  vein. 
His  discovery  led  others  to  prospecting,  which 
developed  the  New  Castle  and  other  claims. 
The  difficulties  of  mining  and  expense  of  trans- 
portation being  so  great,  the  mine  was  not 
operated  continuously,  and  was  sold  in  1886  to 
the  Seattle  Coal  and  Iron  Company. 

In  1864  Mr.  Andrews  sold  his  shop,  in  view 
of  settling  on  his  ranch;  but,  on  account  of  a 
painful  accident,  he  was  obliged  to  give  up 
manual  labor,  and  in  1865,  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  friends,  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of 
the  United  States  District  Court,  and  held  that 
office  for  ten  years,  it,  by  increased  business, 
becoming  very  lucrative.  While  occupying  that 
position,  and  having  a  fair  understanding  of 
laws  governing  United  States  lands,  he  worked 
up  a  considerable  business  as  attorney  for  set- 
tlers. With  his  accumulated  savings  he  began 
dealing  in  city  real  estate,  and  after  his  retire- 
ment from  olfice  continued  in  that  line  of 
business. 

Mr.  Andrews  has  been  quite  active  in  the 
political  arena.  He  has  served  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace  and  as  Police  Judge.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature  by  the 
Republican  party,  in  1868  was  elected  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  House;  in  1872  he  was  a  delegate 
from  Washington  Territory  to  the  National  Ke- 
publican  Convention  at  Philadelphia,  and  was 
there  chosen  as  a  member  of  the  National  Re- 
publican Committee  for  four  years;  in  1878  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
held  at  Walla  Walla;  in  1890  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1888  he  was  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  Harrison  Legion,  and 
in  1889  was  elected  president  of  that  l>ody, 
which  office  he  still   holds.     Mr.  Andrews  was 


one  of  the  original  stockholders  of  the  Mer- 
chants' National  Bank,  and  of  the  Seattle  & 
AValla  Walla  Railroad  Company,  serving  as 
director  for  many  years. 

He  was  married  in  1849,  in  Oneida  county. 
New  York,  to  Miss  Lydia  J.  Rowley,  a  native 
of  that  county,  and  they  have  four  children, 
namely:  AVilliam  R.,  an  attorney  at  Snohomish; 
Evangeline,  wife  of  R.  Hopkins;  Judge  Row- 
ley, a  prominent  business  man  and  financier  of 
Seattle;  and  Lyman  Ralph,  a  civil  engineer. 
For  upward  of  twenty  years  Mr.  Andrews  re- 
sided on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Madison 
streets,  in  Seattle.'  He  still  owns  that  property, 
but  in  1890  built  a  handsome  residence  upon 
"Queen  Ann  Hill,"  commanding  a  beautiful 
view  of  the  city,  Sound  and  mountain  scenery. 
After  a  busy  and  eventful  pioneer  life,  Mr.  An- 
drews is  now  surrounded  by  every  home  com- 
fort and  enjoys  the  admiration  and  respect  of  a 
large  circle  of  acquaintances. 


FjRUF.  LUCIUS  H.  LEACH,  Superin- 
tendent of  the  City  Schools  of  Vancouver, 
was  born  in  Outagamie  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, October  1,  1855,  a  son  of  Alden  D. 
and  Eunice  (Hersey)  Leach,  the  former  a  native 
of  New  York,  and  the  latter  of  Maine.  Tiie 
parents  located  in  Wisconsin  in  an  early  day, 
but  in  1872  removed  to  Mitchell  county,  Kan- 
sas. During  his  early  life  our  subject  worked 
on  the  farm  and  attended  the  public  schools 
during  the  winters.  After  the  removal  of  the 
family  to  Kansas  he  engaged  in  teaching,  and 
later  graduated  at  the  State  University  at  Law- 
rence, Kansas,  in  the  class  of  1884.  He  re- 
sumed teaching;  was  concerned  in  merchan- 
dising for  a  time;  was  proof-reader  on  the  Kan- 
sas City  Times;  again  taught  school  at  Stockton, 
Kansas,  one  year,  and  then  for  the  second  time 
embarked  in  mercantile  pursuits.  One  year 
afterward  Mr.  Leach  was  chosen  by  the  inde- 
pendent Republicans  as  a  member  of  the  lower 
house,  to  represent  the  116th  Legislative  Dis- 
trict. August  18,  1888,  he  arrived  in  Tacoma, 
Washington,  and  at  once  became  bookkeeper  for 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company  at  Hot 
Springs,  but  fourteen  months  later  took  charge 
of  the  city  schools  at  Vancouver.  Among  those 
who  have  taken  a  deep  and  lasting  interest  in 
educational  matters  and   in  the  training  of  the 


niSTOUT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


young,  that  they  may  be  in  a  fitting  condition 
from  an  edvicational  standpoint  to  enable  them 
to  successfully  cope  with  .requirements  of  busi- 
ness life  in  this  work-a-day  world,  none  of  oui- 
educators  is  more  worthy  or  clearly  entitled  to 
honorable  mention  in  State  histury  than  Mr. 
Leach.  He  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
competent  educators  of  southwestern  A\^ ashing- 
ton,  and  his  services  in  this  city  have  not  only 
been  creditable  to  himself  but  highly  satisfac- 
tory and  acceptable  to  the  County  Superin- 
tendent and  the  Board  of  Education.  When 
Mr.  Leach  took  charge  of  the  Vancouver  schools 
there  were  but  five  teachers  and  an  enrollment 
of  200  pupils.  At  this  date  there  are  sixteen 
teachers  and  an  enrollment  of  over  800  pupils. 
Mr.  Leach  is  a  single  man,  and  affiliates  with  no 
clubs  or  secret  orders  e,\cept  the  Sons  of  Vet- 
erans. He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ferry 
as  a  member  of  the  first  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. 


--^'^ 


5EBASTIAN  ANSBEKGEK,  a  retired 
soldier  of  the  United  States  Army,  was 
born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  November  21, 
1842,  a  son  of  Mathias  and  Julianna  (Gromser) 
Ansberger.  The  parents  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica, locating  at  Freeport,  Illinois,  in  1854, 
where  the  mother  died  the  same  year.  The 
father  survived  until  1887,  and  was  a  resident 
of  Freeport,  Illinois,  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
Sebastian  Ansberger,  the  eldest  of  his  par- 
ents' two  children,  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Illinois.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  Forty-sixtii  Illinois  Regiment,  served  as 
a  private  soldier  through  the  war  of  the  Rebel- 
lion, and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Don- 
elson,  Shiloh,  siege  of  Corinth,  Holly  Springs, 
Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  Spanish 
Fort  and  Fort  Blakely.  He  re-enlisted  in  1863, 
and  after  the  fail  of  Vicksburg  was  transferred 
to  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  and  was  at  New 
Orleans  and  Mobile  Bay  at  the  clo^e  of  the 
struggle.  Mr.  Ansberger  then  entered  the  Thir- 
teenth United  States  Infantry,  Company  E,  and 
served  several  years  on  the  Dakota  frontier.  In 
1869  he  re-enlisted  in  the  same  regiment,  par- 
ticipated in  the  Indian  eampaign  in  1870,  and 
at  tlie  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  in  1874, 
held  the  office  of  Sergeant.  He  next  re-enlisted 
in  the  'I'wenty-tirst  Infantry,  Company  I,  still 
holding  the  Sergeant's  office,  and   was  actively 


engaged  in  the  Nez  Perce  and  Bannack  Indian 
wars.  After  the  close  of  the  campaign  of  1878 
Mr.  Ansberger  was  quartered  for  three  years  at 
Vancouver,  and  then  spent  ten  months  at  Fort 
Caiiby,  dni-ing  which  time  he  was  promoted  to 
Firsi  Sciu'eaiit.  His  time  having  nxjiired  while 
([uartfied  at  Lapwai,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
Rock  Island,  Illinois,  where  he  served  live  years. 
In  all  Sergeant  Ansl>erger  has  served  thirty- 
three  years,  and  was  retired  as  Sergeant  of  Ord- 
nance, March  26,  1801.  He  returned,  in  May, 
1892,  to  Vancouver,  where  he  now  owns  city 
property.  Politically  he  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can, and  socially  affiliates  with  the  Regular 
Army  and  Navy  Union. 


THOMAS  W.  PADDEN,  proprietor  of  the 
Eureka  Billiard  Parlors  of  Vancouver,  was 
born  in  county  Mayo,  Ireland,  March  16, 
1847,  a  eon  of  Michael  and  Mary  (Carbon) 
Padden,  both  of  Irish  birth  and  now  deceased. 
Thomas  W.,  the  youngest  of  ten  children,  was 
brought  by  his  parents  to  America  in  the  year 
of  his  birth,  the  family  locating  in  Pennsyl- 
vania.    At  the  age  of  fifteen  viars  he  removetl 


with  his  parents  to  the   Pacific 


spei 


id  in  IT 


a  few  months  at  Poi'tland,  Oregon,  and  then 
coming  to  Clarke  county,  Washington.  Mr. 
Padden  was  reared  to  farm  life,  but  has  also 
had  much  experience  in  mining,  having  fol- 
lowed that  bi-anch  of  industry  at  Caiion  creek 
about  four  years,  and  one  year  in  the  Montana 
mines,  although  he  was  not  among  the  success- 
fid  ones  from  a  financial  standpoint.  He  has 
been  connected  with  the  wine  and  liquor  trade 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  but  during  a  por- 
tion of  this  time  has  l)een  contracting  and  fur- 
nishing wood  and  hay  to  the  Government.  Mr. 
Padden  has  filled  many  large  contracts  at  Forts 
Canby,  Walla  Walla  and  Vancouver.  During 
iiis  residence  in  this  city  he  has  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  several  of  the  more  im- 
portant public  enterprises  of  Vancouver  and 
Clarke  county,  and  among  them  may  l)e  men- 
tioned the  Klickitat  &  Yakima  Railroad,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  promoters  and  early 
stockholders. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  this  city,  October 
6,  1873,  to  Miss  Sarah  C.  Byrne,  a  native  of 
San  Francisco,  California,  and  a  daughter  of 
Hugh  Byrne,  an  old  Mexican  war  veteran.    The 


460 


ni STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


latter  removed  to  California  in  1849,  was  mar- 
ried in  San  Francisco,  November  13,  1853,  and 
in  the  following  year  located  in  Clarke  comity, 
Washington,  where  be  is  still  an  honored  and 
respected  pioneer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Padden  have 
had  these  children:  Mary  C,  John  A.,  Louisa 
M.,  Margaret  A.,  Gertrude,  A.  Constance, 
Thomas  L.,  and  three  daughters  deceased.  Mr. 
Padden  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  work  of 
the  Democratic  party. 


LOUIS  G.  DESOR,  proprietor  of  the  Rail- 
I   road  Exchange  Club  Rooms  of  Vancou- 
i   ver,  was  born  at  Friedrichsdorf,  Germany, 

July  6,  1849,  a  son  of  Louis  and  Catherine 
(Agombord)  Desor,  natives  also  of  that  country, 
where  they  still  reside.  Lonis  G.,  the  third  of 
live  children,  attended  school  in  his  native  land 
until  fourteen  years  of  age,  after  which,  in 
1864,  he  completed  a  collegiate  course  in  Paris. 
After  returning  home  Mr.  Desor  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship with  his  uncle  at  the  tanner's 
trade,  and  after  completing  his  trade  spent  one 
year  in  travel  through  the  interior  of  the  Ger- 
man empire,  Switzerland  and  other  portions  of 
Europe.  During  the  latter  part  of  ISlJS  he 
entered  the  German  army,  served  with  distinc- 
tion through  the  Franco- Prussian  war,  and  car- 
ries honorable  scars  from  wounds  received  in 
the  battles  of  that  memorable  struggle.  He 
participated  in  the  engagement  of  Weisenburg, 
August  4,  1870;  August  6,  of  the  same  year, 
received  a  severe  bayonet  wound  in  the  neck; 
three  days  later  was  in  the  bombardment  of 
Phalzburg,  and  September  1  received  a  saber 
cut  across  the  face  at  the  battle  of  Sedan. 
During  that  engagement  Mr.  Desor's  command 
was  in  the  thickest  of  the  battle,  and  for  brave 
and  meritorious  service  he  was  presented  by  his 
Government  with  tlie  emblem  of  the  order  of 
the  Iron  Cross.  After  recovering  from  his 
wounds  he  joined  his  command,  served  through 
the  entire  siege  of  Paris,  and  at  Fort  Yalerien 
was  wounded  by  a  rifle  ball  in  the  left  leg  and 
right  ribs.  lie  was  discharged  from  service 
September  15,  1871. 

March  8,  1872,  Mr.  Desor  took  passage  from 
Bremen,  on  the  steamer  Rhine,  and  in  due 
course  of  time  arrived*  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  first  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  for  a 
time,  later  became  connected  with  a  wine  house 


in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  followed  his  trade  in  Indi- 
anapolis, filled  the  position  of  cutler  in  a  whole- 
sale saddlery  house  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  several 
months,  had  charge  of  a  ward  in  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Dix- 
mont  nineteen  months,  and  then  conducted  the 
Frederick  House  in  Cincinnati  until  1878.  The 
latter  enterprise  proved  a  decided  failure  from 
a  financial  standpoint.  March  4,  1878,  Mr. 
Desor  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Twenty-first 
United  States  Infantry,  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
Fort  Vancouver,  and  was  in  active  service  during 
the  Bannack  and  Piute  campaigns  of  1878-'79. 
He  was  afterward  assigned  as  headquarters 
messenger  at  Vancouver,  and  remained  in  that 
capacity  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
service,  in  March,  1883.  For  the  following 
three  years  Mr.  Desor  served  as  agent  and  col- 
lector for  the  Star  Brewing  Company  at  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  in  1887  returned  to  Vancou- 
ver. With  the  exception  of  a  few  months  spent 
in  his  boyhood  home  in  1891,  he  has  ever  since 
made  his  home  in  this  city.  He  lias  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  business  circles,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Vancouver  Building  and 
Loan  Association,  and  the  Vancouver  Driving 
Park  Association. 

November  12,  1883,  in  Portland,  Mr.  Desor 
was  joined  in  marriage  to  Miss  Miry  Huth,  a 
native  of  Germany.  In  his  social  relations  our 
subject  affiliates  with  the  F.  A:  A.  M.,  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  Regular  Army 
and  Navy  Union,  No.  46,  of  Vancouver. 


J  P.  LOWE,  watch-maker  and  jeweler  of 
Vancouver,  is  a  native  of  Ohio.  His  par- 
ents, both  of  whom  died  when  he  was  a 
mere  lad,  moved  to  Indiana,  and  later  to 
Wisconsin,  where  our  subject  remained  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  He  learned  the  jeweler's 
trade  in  that  State.  In  1859  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  California,  arriving  after  a  long  and 
weary  journey  of  over  five  months'  duration, 
lia\'ing  met  with  the  usual  troubles  which  tlie 
emigrants  of  that  early  day  encountered.  After 
locating  in  the  Golden  State,  Mr.  Lowe  followed 
mining  in  El  Dorado  county  four  years,  and 
was  fairly  successful.  He  next  followed  his 
trade  in  Sacramento  two  years;  spent  one  year 
in  Amador  county;  resided  in  Tuolumne;  was 
Postniaster  one  year  at  Knight's  Feri-y,  Stanis. 


Ill  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


laus  county;  spent  one  year  in  Hnniboldt 
county;  was  next  in  Mariposa,  llien  two  years 
in  Tulare  county;  was  engaged  in  business  one 
year  in  San  Francisco,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  the  jeweh-y  trade  in  Vancouver, 
AVashingtoii.  Mr.  Lowe  is  an  expert  at  tlie 
business,  and  has  had  a  lucrative  trade  from  the 
first. 

He  was  married  May  17,  1889.  He  has  one 
son  by  a  former  marriage.  In  his  political  re- 
lations Mr.  Lowe  votes  with  the  republican 
party,  and  socially  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  the  K.  of  P.  He  is  a  worthy  and  conscien- 
tious citizen, and  has  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  entire  community. 

F'llANK  H.  GRAVES,  of  the  law  firm  of 
Turner,  Graves  &  McKinstry,  Spokane, 
--  Washington,  was  born  in  Illinois,  June 
15,  1859.  His  father,  John  J.  Graves,  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  iiis  mother,  Oriila  (Berry)  Graves,  was 
born  on  an  island  in   Lake  Champlain. 

In  the  public  scliools  and  under  the  private 
instruction  of  his  mother,  young  Graves  pre- 
pared himself  for  college,  and  entered  as  a  stu- 
dent at'  Carthage  College,  Illinois,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1876,  taking  a  classical  course  and  grad- 
uating with  first  honors.  After  his  graduation 
Mr.  Graves  located  in  Carthage,  and  in  the  office 
of  Draper  &  Schofield  began  the  study  of  law. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois  in  1883.  In  March  of  that 
year  he  began  practice  at  Carthage  with  Mr. 
O'Harra,  under  the  firm  name  of  O'Harra  & 
Graves,  and  continued  there  until  he  came  to 
Spokane  in  January,  1885.  Immediately  after 
his  arrival  here,  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Mr.  Griffits,  under  tlie  name  of  Gritfits  A: 
Graves,  which  partnership  was  dissolved  the  fol- 
lowing year  and  the  firm  of  Houghton  (.^ 
Graves  was  formed.  In  1887  W.  C.  Jones 
came  into  the  firm  and  the  name  was  changed 
to  Houghton,  Graves  &  Jones,  and  continued  as 
such  until  1890,  when  it  M-as  dissolved  by  the 
election  of  Mr.  Jones  to  the  office  of  Attorney- 
General,  and  Mr.  Houghton  to  the  Legislature. 
The  firm  of  Turner  &  Graves  was  formed  in 
1890,  and  was  succeeded  soon  afterward  by  tluit 
of  Turner,  Graves  &  McKinstry,  which  still  ex- 
ists, this  being  the  leading  law  firm  of  Spokane. 


Mr.  Graves  was  married  in  1883  to  Miss 
Esta  Maude  Ferris,  a  native  of  Illinois  and  the 
daughter  of  a  prominent  banker  of  that  State. 
They  have  one  son,  C.  S.  Graves,  aged  eight 
years. 

Mr.  Graves  supports  the  Republican  party 
and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  the 
Order  of  Elks. 

In  connection  with  the  family  history  of  Mr. 
Graves,  it  should  be  further  stated  that  his 
mother's  people  were  among  the  early  settlers 
of  Connecticut  and  can  trace  their  ancestry 
back  to  the  Revolution.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Virginia,  and 
among  them  were  men  who  distinguished  them- 
selves on  the  battle-field  and  in  the  council  halls 
of  the  nation.  Mr.  Graves'  younger  brother  is 
now  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Yakima 
and  Kittitass  counties,  Washington. 

Mr.  Graves  has  always  given  mucli  attention 
to  literature,  is  a  thorough  classical  seliolar  and 
widely  read  in  the  Greek  and  Uoiiinii  writers. 
Of  late  years  he  has  devoted  his  leisure  to  Eng- 
lish literature  and  history.  He  is  at  home  with 
all  tlie  best  of  England's  great  authors,  and  in 
the  field  of  English  and  American  history  is 
probably  tlie  liest-read  mnu  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Graves  has  distinguished  himself  in  many 
departments  of  the  law,  l)Ut  it  is  as  an  advocate 
in  civic  causes  that  he  is  best  known.  He  has 
l)een  retained  in  most  of  the  important  causes 
<if  that  character  which  have  been  tried  in  the 
courts  of  Eastern  AVashington  within  the  last 
few  years.  He  attends  almost  exclusively  to 
the  large  trial  business  of  his  firm  and  is  said 
rarely  to  lose  a  jury  case.  As  an  advocate  he  is 
not  eloquent,  l)ut  forcible,  and  to  his  recognized 
honesty  with  juries  he  attributes  the  greater 
portion  of  his  success. 

^    • — -^'^  'V  ^^ — ' 

[jV     0.  CHUMASERO,  proprietor  of  tiie  City 
//1\     Piiarmacy,  was   born   in   Seneca  county, 
lr%  Ohio,    December    22,    1861,    a   son    of 
4'  George     M.    and    Betsey    H.    (Gillett) 

Chumasero,  both  7iow  deceased.  The  mother 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  the  father  of 
England.  The  latter  came  to  tne  United  States 
when  ten  years  of  age,  locating  first  in  New 
York,  and  later  in  Ohio. 

A.  C.  Chumasero,  the  youngest  of  six  chil- 
dren, attended  school  in  his  native  State,  and 
completed  his  collegiate  course  at  Oberlin  Col- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


lege,  Ohio,  in  tlie  class  of  1882.     He  was  then 


caiiie  to  the  Pacific  coast,  locating  first  in  Port- 
land. Mr.  Chumasero  soon  afterward  came  to 
Vancouver,  where  he  embarked  in  the  hardware 
trade,  under  the  firm  name  of  Chumasero  & 
OLark.  In  June,  1892,  the  former  sold  his 
interest  to  his  partner,  and  purchased  the  drug 
establishment  of  A.  L.  Ross.  This  well-known 
house  carries  a  full  and  complete  line  of  fresli 
dnigs,  toilet  articles,  perfumery  and  all  pharma- 
ceutical preparations.  Special  care  is  given  to 
physician's  prescriptions,  that  department  being 
under  the  management  of  a  graduate  of  phar- 
macy. 

Mr.  Chumasero  was  married  in  this  city. 
December  22,  1891,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Smith,  a 
native  of  Wisconsin.  In  political  matters,  our 
subject  supports  the  principles  of  the  Repub- 
lican party. 


fllLLIAM  P.  HIDDLESON,  City  Asses- 
sor and  a  prominent  educator  of  Van- 
couver, was  born  in  Whiteside  county, 
Illinois,  May  1,  1850,  a  sou  of  William  P.  and 
Nancy  (Wick)  Hiddleson.  The  father  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  in  1816,  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation,  and  during  his  earlier  life  was  a 
prominent  educator  in  Chester  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  in  Tazewell  county,  Illinois.  In 
In  1843  he  located  in  Whiteside  county, 
Illinois,  and  in  1871  the  family  removed  to 
Beloit,  Mitchell  county,  Kansas,  and  later  to 
Osborne  county,  where  Mr.  Hiddleson  subse- 
quently died.  His  widow  still  resides  in 
Downs,  Kansas.  She  is  descended  from  the 
Pedmans,  an  old  and  influential  family  who 
settled  in  Virginia  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
antedating  the  Revolutionary  period.  In  her 
younger  days  she  also  was  a  successful  teacher. 

William  'P.  Hiddleson,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  and  the  third  of  his  parents'  six  chil- 
dren, attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
county,  and  graduated  at  the  Sterling  high 
school  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years.  Being 
"to  the  manner  born,"  he  naturally  chose 
teaching  as  his  life  work,  engaged  in  it  at  once, 
and  his  efforts  were  crowned  with  success,  both 
in  Illinois  and  Kansas. 

In  1882  he  with  his  family  came  to  Wash- 
ington, and  settled  in  Vancouver,  where  he  has 
been  closely  identified  with  the  public  schools, 


being  elected  County  Supeiintendent  of  Schools 
in  1886.  He  has  held  the  office  of  City  Asses- 
sor since  1889,  and  is  now  also  Deputy  County 
Assessor.  Since  locating  in  this  city  our  sub- 
ject has  been  closely  identified  with  the  pro- 
gressive element,  and  is  one  of  its  most  worthy 
and  conscientious  citizens.  In  1889  he  laid  out 
the  Fairview  Addition  to  Vancouver,  where  he 
now  has  a  beautiful  home,  and  has  fine  property 
on  Vancouver  lake,  three  miles  from  this  city, 
where  he  has  lately  emiiarkeu  in  fruit  culture, 
having  five  acres  planted  and  more  under  way. 
Mr.  Hiddleson  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Columbian  Publishing  Company,  and  has  been 
secretary  and  treasurer  since  its  organization. 

April  8,  1877,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Hattie  E.  James,  of  Delevan,  Wisconsin, 
a  daughter  of  George  E.  and  Elizabeth  (Odell) 
James.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island,  where  his  parents,  of  English  stock, 
settled  in  the  eighteenth  century.  He  was 
among  the  early  pioneers  of  Wisconsin,  and 
removed  to  Kansas  in  1873.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hiddleson  have  three  living  children:  Christel 
D.,  Vivian  AV.,  and  Vibart  W.  The  deceased 
are  Lillian,  who  died  in  1882,  and  Claybourne 
and  Juanita,  in  1890.  In  his  political  rela- 
tions, our  subject  has  ever  been  an  ardent 
supporter  and  earnest  advocate  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Democratic  party.  He  lias  been 
for  some  time  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, and  is  now  Noble  Grand  of  Vancouver 
Lodge,  No.  8,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  every 
instance  the  subject  of  this  sketcli  has  acquitted 
himself  with  honor  to  himself  and  credit  to  his 
constituents. 


DI^R.  JAMES  M.  BURT,  a  medical  practi- 
I  tioner  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in  Ohio, 
June  5,  1832,  a  son  of  Munsel  and  Han- 
nah (Mann)  Burt.  The  father,  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  was  a  pioneer  of  Ohio  and  Illinois, 
having  removed  to  Edgar  county,  Illinois,  as 
early  as  1839.  He  was  a  blacksmith  by 
occupation,  and  his  death  occurred  December 
25,  1865.  His  father,  Benjamin  Burt,  was  a 
patriot  soldier  during  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  also  a  Captain  in  the  Indian  wars.  The 
ancestors  of  our  subject  on  Ijoth  sides  settled  in 
this  country  in  the  early  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  were  connected  with  the 
early  history  of  New  England, 


HISTORY    OP    WASniNGTON. 


,1  nines  M.,  tlie  seventh  in  a  family  of  eiglit 
children,  in  early  life  learned  and  followed 
thfi  occupation  of  milling,  but  later,  in  1862, 
began  the  study  of  medicine.  He  received 
his  lectures  in  Ohio,  in  the  winter  of  1866- 
'67,  and  first  began  his  professional  practice 
in  Adair  county,  Missouri,  i-emaining  there 
five  years.  He  next  practiced  in  Grundy 
county,  that  State.  Dr.  Burt  located  in  Battle 
Ground,  Clarke  county,  Washington,  in  1874, 
where  he  continued  in  practice  until  1892,  and 
in  that  year  opened  his  othce  in  Vancouver. 
He  has  built  up  a  good  practice,  which  is 
becoming  constantly  more  extended  in  scope. 
The  Doctor  is  a  practitioner  of  the  old  or  regu- 
lar school,  and  is  a  man  who  keeps  abreast  of 
the  times,  as  is  attested  by  the  large  number  of 
medical  journals  to  be  seen  upon  his  office  tables. 
He  owns  property  in  Louisville,  Clarke  county, 
and  in  Portland,  Oregon.  In  political  matters, 
he  has  always  been  active  in  the  Ilepublican 
party,  and  socially  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Dr.  Burt  was  tnarried  in  Indiana,  in  1853,  to 
Zantippa  Crall,  a  native  of  that  State.  They 
have  two  children,  Hannah  J.,  wife  of  Allen  G. 
Hall,  of  Vancouver;  and  Francis  M.  The 
Doctor  is  a  man  of  progressive  views  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  devolopmeut  of  his 
city  and  county,  and  is  a  worthy  and  conscien- 
tious citizen. 


d I  AMES  F.  McELROY,  member  of  the  bar 
of  Seattle,  was  born  upon  the  farm  near 
Marion,  Washington  county,  Maine,  in 
1864,  being  the  third  child  of  James  II.  and 
Ann  (Lily)  McElroy.  His  father  followed  farm- 
ing and  the  lumbering  business  up  to  1867, 
when  he  learned  of  the  milder  climate  and  the 
vast  timber  resources  of  Fuget  Sound.  Leav- 
ing his  family  comfortably  established,  Mr.  Mc- 
Elroy came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1867,  and 
engaged  in  the  logging  business  in  Skagit 
county,  where  he  subsequently  acquired  1,500 
acres  of  timber  land,  bordering  upon  the  Sound. 
In  1871  he  brought  his  family  to  Seattle,  where 
they  resided  until  1877;  then  removed  to  Skagit 
county,  where  Mr.  McElroy  continued  his  log- 
ging operations  up  to  1888,  when  lie  sold  his 
property  to  the  Blanchard  Railroad  Company, 
find  returned  with  his  family  to  Seattle. 


James  F.  was  primarily  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Seattle,  subsequently  graduating 
from  the  Territorial  University  in  1886.  He 
then  engaged  in  the  study  of  law  in  the  ofHce 
of  McNaught.  Ferry,  Mc  Naught  &  Mitchell, 
and  in  1887  entered  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  graduating  therefrom 
in  1889.  '  He  then  returned  to  Seattle,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  and  at  once  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  which  he  has  succss- 
fully  continued.  He  is  Democratic  in  politics, 
but  not  a  seeker  of  public  emolument,  prefer- 
ring fame  througli  the  line  of  his  profession  to 
which  he  is  devoted. 


ZC.  MILES,  one  of  the  representative  busi- 
ness men  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Peru. 
^  New  York,  March  25,  1834.  His  par- 
ents. Orison  and  Samantha  (Peck)  Miles,  were 
born  in  New  Hampshire  and  New  York  re- 
spectively. Orison  Miles  was  by  trade  a  black- 
smith, which  occupation  he  followed  in  New 
York,  Ohio  and  Illinois  until  1864,  when  he 
removed  to  Virginia  City,  Montana,  and  con- 
tinued the  same  occupation  and  was  elected  the 
tirst  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  Helena,  that  State. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the 
town  site  of  Helena,  Montana,  and  assisted  in 
platting  that  town.  He  subsequently  settled  in 
Bozeman,  Montana,  where  he  now  resides,  still 
actively  interested  in  the  issues  of  the  day  and 
an  ardent  supporter  of  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
began  his  business  career  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  as  clerk  in  the  genei-al  merchandise  store 
of  K.  J.  Hammond,  at  Plaintield,  Illinois,  and 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  his  brother-in-law,  George  Wood,  and 
learned  the  trade  of  tinsmith,  remaining  with 
him  until  1859,  which  year  nuxrked  the  excite- 
ment of  Pike's  peak,  and  at  which  time  Mr. 
Miles  started  for  that  country,  taking  with  him 
tools  and  stock,  and  crossing  the  plains  from 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  with  mule  teams.  Duly 
arriving  he  opened  a  shop  at  the  little  town  of 
Aurora,  now  familiarly  known  as  Denver,  Colo- 
rado, and  was  among  the  first  in  that  line  of 
business  in  that  town.  After  about  two  years 
he  sold  out  and  went  to  the  mountains  to  try 
placer  mining,  but  a  few  months  satisfied  him 
and  he  returned   to  Aurora  and  worked  at  his 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


trade  for  George  Fritch,  now  one  of  the  promi- 
nent hardware  men  of  Denver.  Remaining  up 
to  April,  18()2,  Mr.  Miles  then  joined  a  party 
of  five  and  with  an  o.\  team  started  for  the  Sal- 
mon river  mines,  but  after  passing  Fort  Hall 
learned  that  the  mines  had  failed;  so  returned 
to  Fort  Hall  and  then  started  for  the  Auburn 
mines  of  eastern  Oregon,  crossing  along  the 
north  side  of  Snake  river  througli  the  thickly 
populated  Indian  country,  without  serious 
trouble,  and  crossing  Powder  river  near  the 
present  site  of  Baker  City.  The  team  was  then 
sent  to  The  Dalles  for  flour,  while  the  balance 
of  the  party  went  to  the  mines.  The  prospects, 
however,  were  so  poor  that  when  the  team  re- 
turned they  went  to  the  Boise  country,  having 
great  difficulty  in  getting  away  from  Auburn 
as  the  snow  had  already  commenced  falling. 
Reaching  the  Payette  valley,  they  went  into 
camp  for  the  winter.  Securing  logs  from  a 
drift  on  the  river  they  biiilt  a  log  house  and  a 
corral  for  their  cattle,  as  the  Indians  were  quite 
numerous.  They  also  started  a  little  hotel, 
which  was  quite  a  success.  They  then  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  building  a  ferry  to  transport 
miners  across  the  Payette  river  in  the  early 
spring.  Purchasing  a  whipsaw  from  an  emi- 
grant, they  manufactured  lumber,  making  a 
rude  boat;  then  by  burning  pitch  pine  secured 
tar,  and  by  tearing  up  their  old  clothes  for 
caulking,  were  enabled  to  make  a  rude  boat 
quite  tight.  The  wagon  box  was  cut  up  to 
make  pulleys,  and  by  stripping  up  cow  hides 
they  made  a  strong  rope,  thus  completing  their 
outflt,  from  which  in  three  months  they  cleared 
$3,000.  As  the  river  was  getting  low  they 
abandoned  their  ferry,  purchased  wagons  and 
oxen  and  began  freighting  from  Umatilla  land- 
ing to  Boise,  a  distance  of  250  miles,  securing 
as  high  as  twenty-two  cents  per  pound  for 
freight.  They  continued  freighting  about  three 
months  then  competition  so  greatly  reduced 
the  profits  that  Mr.  Miles  sold  out  and  retired 
from  the  business.  While  making  his  col- 
lections he  stopped  with  one  Goodwin  at  the 
point  where  Pendleton  now  stands  and  assisted 
him  in  building  the  first  finished  and  painted 
house  in  that  locality.  Mr.  Miles  was  a  natural 
mechanic  and  made  much  of  the  furniture  used 
by  the  settlers,  also  manufactured  several 
sleighs  and  did  quite  an  extensive  business.  In 
1867  he  went  to  Fmatilla,  and,  in  partnership 
with  J.  M.  Leizer,  engaged  in  the  sale  of  stoves, 
tin  and  hardware,  continuing  up  to  September, 


1870.  when  Mr.  Miles  sold  out  and  came  to 
Seattle,  then  a  little  hamlet  sparsely  settled. 
Entering  into  partnership  with  I.  Waddell,  who 
was  running  a  little  shop  and  stove  store,  the 
firm  of  Waddell  &  Miles  was  established. 
With  the  additional  capital  and  enterprise  of 
Mr.  Miles,  business  connections  were  changed, 
aud  the  stock  was  increased,  but  the  town  being 
too  small  to  support  many  assistants,  Messrs. 
Waddell  i^-  Miles  did  all  their  own  work,  both 
acting  as  mechanics,  salesmen  and  bookkeepers. 
As  business  extended  the  stock  was  proportion- 
ately increased,  always  being  kept  a  little  ahead 
of  the  demand.  Then  the  firm  succeeded  in 
building  up  a  reputation,  until  they  became  tlie 
representative  house  in  the  Northwest,  with  a 
varied  stock  of  plumbing  supplies,  windmills, 
mantles,  grates  and  tilings,  stoves,  tinware,  etc., 
the  stock  being  valued  at  $7,000.  In  1886  the 
partnership  dissolved,  Mr.  Miles  purchasing  the 
entire  interest  aud  conducting  it  alone  up  to  the 
fire  of  1889,  when  his  loss  figured  up  about 
§50,000.  He  tlien  organized  and  incorporated 
the  Z.  C.  Miles  Company,  with  a  capital  of 
§50,000.  He  was  elected  president  and  man- 
ager, and  the  company's  building,  96  x  100  feet, 
three  stories,  corner  of  West  sti-eet  and  Yesler 
avenue,  is  filled  with  an  extensive  and  varied 
stock,  a  wholesale  and  retail  business  being  con- 
ducted and  the  establishment  being  the  largest 
of  the  kind  in  the  Northwest.  Employment  is 
afforded  to  twenty-two  hands  in  the  several 
departments. 

Mr.  Miles  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  July, 
1891,  to  Miss  Rosamond  Smith,  a  native  of  Maine. 
Socially,  Mr.  Miles  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A. 
M.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Seattle  Savings 
Bank;  president  of  the  D.  W.  Cross  Under- 
taking Company;  a  member  of  the  Highland 
Park  syndicate,  and  one  of  tlie  active,  enterpris- 
ing business  developers  of  the  "Queen  City  of 
the  Northwest." 


T[J  ENRY   S.    BLANDFORD  was  born  in 
Ir^     Prince  George  county,  Maryland,  May  1, 
II    11    1862.     He    caitie    to    the    Territory    of 
V  Washington   in    1881,  as   a   membur    of 

the  United  States  Signal  Corps,  and  from  that 
date  until  1885  was  assigned  to  duty  on  the 
military  telegraph  lines.  He  came  to  Walla 
Walla   in    1885,    and    established    the    United 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


States  Signal  office  there.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1890,  and  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Walla  Walla  connty  by  tlie  Dem- 
ocrats tlie  same  year;  was  elected  a  delegate  for 
the  State  of  Washington  to  the  National  Dem- 
ocratic Convention  at  Chicago  in  1892,  and 
was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  State  Sen- 
ator for  the  joint  senatorial  district  of  Adams, 
Fianklin  and  part  of  Walla  Walla  counties  in 
1892,  but  was  defeated.  He  is  at  present  a 
Eegent  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  and 
School  of  Science  of  Washington.  Mr.  Bland- 
ford  is  an  able  lawyer,  an  eloquent  public 
speaker,  an  aggressive  political  leader  and  is 
enthusiastically  devoted  to  the  advancement  of 
the  public  interests  of   Walla  Walla  county. 


LP.ERT  KAYSER,  an  enterprising  citizen 
of  Block  House,  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Pottsville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, P'ebruary  22,  1845,  a  son  of  Bern- 
hard  and  Matilda  (Seitsinger)  Kayser.  His  fa- 
ther was  a  native  of  the  canton  of  Berne,  Switz- 
erland, and  emigrated  to  the  United  States  at 
the  age  of  thirty  years.  He  located  at  Potts- 
ville, Pennsylvania,  and  there  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  soaps.  His  wife  was  a  native 
of  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  belonged  to 
a  Quaker  family.  In  1852  tliey  removed  to 
Caldwell  county,  Missouri,  and  there  the  father 
died  in  1867,  the  mother  surviving  two  years. 
There  our  subject  passed  an  uneventful  youth 
until  the  breaking  out  oftheCivil  war.  Although 
a  mere  lad,  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  ser- 
vice at  Cameron,  Missouri,  March  G,  18(j2;  was 
assigned  to  Company  E,  iSixth  Missouri  Cavalry, 
and  August  16,  1862,  he  was  wounded  in  the 
battle  at  Lone  Jack,  where  370  men  out  of  700 
were  slain  in  six  hours.  Young  Kayser  was 
confined  to  the  hospital  at  Lexington  7iine 
months,  but  as  soon  as  he  had  sufficiently  re- 
covered from  his  wounds  he  re-enlisted  at  Green- 
field, Missouri,  and  was  assigned  to  Company 
D,  Thirteenth  Missouri  Veteran  Cavalry.  This 
was  one  of  the  crack  regiments  of  the  service, 
being  made  up  from  picked  men  of  thirteen 
different  regiments,  between  the  ages  of  twenty 
and  twenty-nine  years.  When  the  war  was  over 
Mr.  Kayser  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Fort  Leav- 
enworth, and  was  afterward  sent  to  an  outpost 
on  the  Arkansas  river;  later  he  was  stationed  in 


Arizona  and  afterward  in  New  Mexico.  He  was 
in  a  number  of  engagements  with  the  Indians, 
and  was  finally  mustered  out  at  Leavenworth  in 
January,  1866.  He  had  not  yet  attained  his 
majority. 

It  was  in  1880  that  he  came  to  Washington 
and  located  at  Block  House,  where  he  embarked 
in  mercantile  trade,  and  carried  a  general  stock 
of  goods,  including  harnt'ss  and  saddles.  An 
especial  featui-e  of  tliis  stock  is  the  immense  as- 
sortment of  glass  beads,  the  stock  varying  in 
value  during  the  year  from  $500  to  $1,500. 
The  Indians  who  are  the  chief  customers  in  this 
line  come  from  points  as  remote  as  Umatilla  to 
make  their  purchases  of  the  coveted  gewgaws. 
Mr.  Kayser  speaks  Low  Dutch,  and  is  also  famil- 
iar with  the  local  Indian  dialects,  and  he  and  his 
wife  make  all  the  sales.  He  has  in  the  Happy 
Home  district  a  farm  of  600  acres,  which  he 
has  secured  by  different  purchases.  The  land 
is  devoted  to  grazing,  and  a  portion  is  under 
cultivation,  the  whole  being  supei-intended  by 
Mr.  Kayser's  eon,  Millard  S. 

Our  worthy  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
at  Black  Oak,  Missouri,  August  15,  1868,  to 
Miss  Harriet  Shrum,  a  native  of  that  place,  and 
a  daughter  of  John  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Davis) 
Shrum,  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Illinois 
respectively.  Mi-s.  Kayser  is  a  woman  of  ex- 
ceptional intelligence  and  rare  attainments,  and 
has  been  untiring  in  her  efforts  to  advance  the 
interests  of  her  family.  She  is  the  efficient 
Postmistressof  Block  House,  succeeding  Michael 
Green,  who  kept  the  office  for  nearly  twenty 
years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kayser  have  two  children: 
Millard  S.  and  Charles  F.,  the  latter  being  a 
student  in  the  University  at  Portland.  While 
Mr.  Kayser  is  an  ardent  Republican  and  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  the  councils  of  his  party,  he 
has  not  been  an  aspirant  for  public  office,  though 
he  acted  as  Deputy  Sheritl"  of  the  county.  He 
is  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  businessability, 
and  has  been  of  great  service  in  forwarding  the 
interests  of  Block  House. 


^^^^ 


ni  NDREW  JACKSON,  chief  of  the  police 
Il\    department  of  Seattle,  Washington,  was 
l/~^  born  in  Montgomery,  Alabama,  in  1847. 
•f/  Reuben  Jackson,  his  father,  a  native  of 

Ireland,    emigrated  to    the    United  States  and 
settled  in  Alabama  in  earlv  manhood,  and  thei-e 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


married  Miss  Amauda  Anderson,  a  native  of 
Soutii  Carolina.  He  died  in  1849,  leaving  a 
widow  and  one  child,  Andrew. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  remained  with  his 
mother  until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  em- 
ploying his  days  in  lahor  and  his  evenings  in 
study.  In  1862  he  went  to  Virginia,  where  he 
remained  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then 
went  south,  residing  in  Texas  and  Arkansas, 
engaged  in  carpenter  work,  being  a  natural  me- 
chanic. He  also  worked  in  wagon  manufactories 
and  pattern  shops,  learning  the  trade  of  pattern 
and  model  making.  In  1874  Mr.  Jackson  came 
to  the  far  West,  locating  in  San  Francisco, 
where  he  found  employment  in  the  pattern  shop 
of  the  Empire  Foundry.  After  being  there  six 
months,  he  was  promoted  and  became  foreman 
of  the  pattern  shop,  remaining  as  such  until 
February,  1888,  with  the  exception  of  three 
years  spent  in  the  agricultural  implement  man- 
ufactory of  Byron  Jackson.  In  the  Empire 
Foundry  Mr.  Jackson  superintended  all  pattern 
work  ior  the  Los  Angeles  cable  railroads,  and 
there  got  his  first  idea  of  cable  construction. 
Afterward  he  invented  many  improvements  in 
grips,  depressors  and  carrier  pulleys,  and  in 
February,  1888,  came  to  Seattle  as  superinten- 
dent of  construction  of  the  Yesler  Avenue  cable 
line  for  the  Pacific  Cable  Construction  Com- 
pany. This  road  extends  from  Yesler  avenue 
and  Soutli  Second  street  to  Lake  Washington,  a 
distance  of  five  miles,  and  was  completed  and  in 
running  order  in  six  months.  Mr.  Jackson  con- 
tinued as  superintendent  of  the  road  about  two 
years.  In  1889  he  superintended  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Front  street  cable,  four  miles  of 
track;  in  1890,  the  Madison  street  cable,  seven 
miles;  and  in  1891,  the  James  street  cable,  a 
mile  and  a  half,  all  castings  fur  this  road  being 
made  in  Seattle,  and  the  yokes,  grips  and  pul- 
leys after  the  designs  of  Mr.  Jackson.   In  June, 

1891,  he  commenced  the  construction  of  the 
Grant  street  electric  road,  for  Fred  E.  Sander, 
the  same  being  six  miles  in  length.  This  work 
he  carried  to  completion.  He  then  invented 
trucks  for  the  cars,  the  same  being  made  by  the 
Washington  Iron  "Works  of  Seattle,  while  the 
cars  were  made  by  Wooderman,  of  Seattle,  be- 
ing the  first  cars  made  comjjlete  in  that  city. 

After  completing  his  railroad   contracts,  and 
at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  friends,  in   March, 

1892,  he  was  induced  to  accept  tiie  appointment 
of  Chief  of  J'olice,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the 
discharge  of  that  duty.     The  entire  police  force 


numbers  sixty-one,  as  follows:  chief,  three  cap- 
tains, three  lieutenants,  two  jailers,  two  drivers, 
one  hostler,  one  pound-master  and  forty-eight 
patrolmen,  the  patrolmen  being  divided  into 
three  watches  of  eight  hours  each.  Mr.  Jack 
son  brings  into  his  oflice  the  same  enthusiasm 
and  fidelity  of  purpose  which  has  characterized 
every  enterprise  he  has  taken  uji.  His  efforts 
in  the  suppression  of  crime  and  in  the  eradica- 
tion of  dens  of  infamy  and  vice  are  already  pro- 
ducing a  salutary  effect  in  elevating  the  moral 
standard  of  the  city. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in  1885,  to 
Miss  Lillian  Montgomery,  a  native  of  Cai;ada. 
They  have  one  child,  Montgomery. 

Mr.  Jackson  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  and  Odd  Fellows.  He  owns  valuable 
property  in  Seattle  and  is  thorougiily  identified 
with  the  growth  and  development  of  his  adopted 
city. 


dloSEPH  W.  METCALF,  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful lawyers  of  Clarke  county,  was  born 
—  in  Trenton,  Grundy  county,  Missouri, 
September  5,  1864,  a  sou  of  Daniel  and  Mary 
A.  (Crews)  Metcalf.  The  father  had  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  first  male  white  child  born 
in  Grundy  county,  where  he  grew  to  manhood, 
and  later  was  recognized  among  the  leading  law- 
yers of  the  State.  His  death  occurred  January 
4,  1880.  His  wife,  who  still  survives,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Kentucky  and  a  lady  of  rare  literary 
ability.  She  was  the  founder  of  the  Lamar 
Sparks,  of  Powers  county,  Colorado,  having 
owned  and  i.\bly  conducted  that  journal  four 
years.  She  afterward  established  the  Corpus 
Christi  Sun,  of  Texas,  which  she  still  edits.  The 
Metcalfs  are  of  the  old  and  honored  American 
families,  their  advent  to  this  continent  antedat- 
ing Revolutionary  days.  The  grandfathers  of 
our  subject  on  both  sides  participated  in  the 
Revolutionary  and  war  of  1812,  and  one,  who 
held  the  rank  of  Captain,  lost  his  life  in  the  de- 
fence of  the  Colonies  at  the  famous  Braddock 
defeat. 

Joseph  W.  Metcalf,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
and  the  eldest  of  two  brothers,  was  reared  in 
his  native  State  until  fifteen  years  of  age.  He 
then  removed  to  Colorado,  where  he  become 
connected  with  journalism,  having  been  associ- 
ate editor  of  the  Lamar  Sparks  about  three 
years.     Mr.  Metcalf  became  a  law   student  at 


ttlSTOBY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


tlie  Missouri  State  Universtiy,  and  gradated  at 
the  Law  Department  of  that  institution  in  1885. 
IJeturning  to  Powers  county,  Colorado,  he  fol- 
lowed his  profession  there  four  years,  and  was 
the  first  District  Clerk  of  the  county.  After 
residing  for  a  time  in  Stockton,  California,  he 
came  to  Vancouver,  Washington,  in  1890,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  the  following 
year.  Mr.  Metcalf  entered  into  partnership 
with  his  brother,  W.  H.,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Metcalf  &  Metcalf,  which  continued  until 
January  1,  1893. 

In  Colorado,  September  28,  1889,  our  subject 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  l-aura  M. 
Black,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Their  first 
child  died  in  infancy.  Their  second  and  last, 
a  boy,  was  born  February  26,  1893,  at  Van- 
couver. 

In  political  matters,  Mr.  Metcalf  is  active  in 
the  Democratic  ranks,  and  socially  affiliates 
with  the  Red  Men  and  the  A.  ().  U.  W.,  hav- 
ing passed  the  official  chairs  in  the  latter  order. 
In  this  line  of  action  Mr.  Metcalf  has  followed 
e.\'cellent  example,  and  his  few  years  of  steady 
work  have  been  productive  of  good  results. 
Well  read  in  the  law  in  the  beginning,  he  has 
the  necessary  jiractice,  is  painstaking  and  care- 
ful, and  in  court  his  aguments  are  to  the  point 
and  eonvincine. 


DR.  HENRY  A.  SMITH,  has  long  been 
identified  with  the  interests  of  Seattle 
and  vicinity,  and  is  eminently  deserving 
of  the  high  respect  and  esteem  in  which  he  is 
held  by  all  who  know  him.  He  ^\•a8  one  of 
that  small  band  of  State  builders  who  in  the 
early  '50s  came  to  the  Sound  country  and  laid 
the  foundation  of  Seattle,  that  now  prosperous 
center.  It  is  therefore  fitting  that  honorable 
mention  be  made  of  him  in  this  work. 

Dr.  Smith's  father.  Rev.  Nicholas  Smith,  of 
German  descent  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
married  Miss  Abigail  Teaff,  a  Virginia  lady 
and  a  descendant  of  English  ancestors.  About 
1810  they  moved  to  AVooster,  Ohio,  where  Mr. 
Smith  conducted  a  sinall  farm,  and  preached 
the  divine  truth  according  to  the  Baptist  faith. 
At  AVooster,  Ohio,  April  11,  1830,  Henry 
A.  Smith  was  born.  He  attended  school  near 
Wooster  until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  when 
his  mother,  then  of  AVicton,  moved  to  Stenben- 


ville,  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered 
the  Alleghany  College  at  Meadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, not  graduating,  however,  because  of  an 
attack  of  ague.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Rugg, 
of  Meadville,  attending  lectures  in  Cincinnati 
at  the  Physio-Medical  Institute. 

April  26,  1852,  J)r.  Smith  started  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  hiring  passage  for  his  mother, 
sister  and  self  in  the  train  of  Dr.  Millard,  paying 
$200  each  for  food  and  transportation.  The 
train  numbered  about  forty  wagons  and  150 
people,  Dr.  Millard  being  tlie  first  to  suggest 
and  form  the  company.  The  journey  was  suc- 
cessfully accomplished  without  loss  of  life, 
though  suft'ering  somewhat  from  cholera  and 
shortness  <if  piii\  isioiis,  and  after  six  months  of 
travel  they  hiiidcJ  in  Portland.  Dr.  Smith  at 
once  rented  an  LitUue  to  engage  in  practice;  but, 
learning  of  the  possibilities  of  the  Puget  Sound 
country  and  the  probability  of  a  railroad  being 
constructed  to  that  point,  he  left  his  mother 
and  sister  in  Portland  and  started  on  a  prospect- 
ing tour  of  the  Sound  country.  Arriving  at 
Olympia,  he  procured  a  small  boat  and  cruised 
about  the  sound  to  Seattle,  where  General 
Stevens  in  his  survey  thought  the  railroad 
■would  terminate.  As  tlie  land  near  Seattle 
was  all  taken.  Dr.  Smith  located  his  claim  in  a 
natural  depression  north  of  town,  as  he  felt 
that  that  ottered  tine  terminal  facilities.  There 
he  took  his  donation  claim  and  subsequently 
purchased  land  to  the  amount  of  800  acres, 
upon  the  borders  of  what  is  now  known  as 
Smith  Cove.  He  then  built  a  log  house,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1853  was  joined  liy  his  mother 
and  sister.  Commencing  to  practice  and  soon 
experiencing  the  difficulties  of  travel,  in  the 
spring  of  1854  he  erected  a  frame  building  aa 
an  infirmary  for  his  patients,  who  were  brought 
to  him,  and  he  cared  for  them  until  their  recov- 
ery. In  this  way  he  gained  a  wide  reputation. 
In  1854  he  set  out  fifteen  acres  of  grafted  fruit, 
the  first  grafted  orcliai-d  in  King  county.  The 
ti'ees  weri'  piii-rlia^ti!  from  the  Lewellyn  nurs- 
ery, near  (hcLicin  (  ity,  the  pioneer  nursery  of 
the  coast.  The  fruit  was  of  various  kinds  and 
the  venture  proved  a  financial  success. 

During  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'56,  the  Doctor 
moved  his  family  to  Seattle  for  protection,  and 
he  enlisted  for  three  months  in  Company  D, 
AA''ashington  Territory  Volunteers,  and  was 
commissioned  Surgeon  by  Governor  Stevens. 
lie    subsequently    enlisted    for    six   months   iu 


HISTORY    OF    W^ISIIINGTON. 


Company  A,  but  the  only  engagement  in  which 
he  took  part  was  the  battle  of  Seattle,  the  time 
being  spent  on  skirmish  and  guard  duty.  After 
peace  was  restored  he  returned  to  his  farm  to 
tind  his  buildings  all  destroyed  by  tlie  Indians. 
He  at  once  began  the  work  of  relniilding,  and 
tliere  continued  to  practice  his  profession. 

In  1864  Dr.  Smith  conceived  the  idea  that  tide 
lands  miglit  be  reclaimed,  as  this  had  already 
been  accomplished  in  Holland.  He  secured 
6U0  acres  of  land  on  what  is  now  known  as 
Smith  island,  at  the  month  of  the  Snohomish 
river,  and  by  a  system  of  dikes  reclaimed  about 
75  acres.  After  proving  the  proposition  a 
success,  he  published  several  articles  in  the 
Olympia  papers  to  disseminate  his  knowledge 
among  the  people,  and  thereafter  the  tide  lands 
were  rapidly  taken  up.  He  passed  about  six 
Years  on  the  island,  continuing  the  practice  of 
medicine  all  this  time.  He  was  then  induced 
to  act  as  resident  physician  upon  the  Tulalip 
Indian  Reservation,  with  the  privilege  of  an 
outside  practice,  which  he  continued  until  1878, 
when  he  moved  to  Seattle  to  educate  his  chil- 
dren. Since  then  he  has  lived  in  town  or  on 
his  farm  at  Smith  Cove,  as  circumstances  seemed 
to  direct. 

Dr.  Smith  was  the  first  Superintendent  of 
Schools  of  King  county,  serving  for  several 
years.  In  1856-'57  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature:  also  in  1859-'60. 
While  living  on  Smith  island  he  represented 
Snohomish  county  in  the  Legislature  three 
times,  twice  in  the  Council,  the  last  term  of 
which  he  was  president  of  that  body. 

After  waiting  all  these  years  for  a  railroad, 
the  Doctor  did  sell  700  acres  in  1886  to  the 
Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad  Com- 
pany, for  terminal  purposes,  receiving  in  pay- 
ment therefor  $75,000.  This  money  he  invested 
in  Seattle  property,  feeling  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  future  greatness  of  the  city.  He 
built  the  London  Hotel,  foot  of  Pike  Street,  and 
extended  a  wharf  to  deep  water  in  1890,  and  in 
1891  built  the  Smith  Elock,  corner  of  James 
and  Second  streets. 

Previous  to  the  Civil  war  Dr.  Smith  was  a 
Democrat,  but  since  that  time  has  cast  his  vote 
and  influence  with  the  Republicans.  During 
his  public  career  he  has  never  sought  a  nomina- 
tion, never  asked  a  vote,  and  never  been  defeat- 
ed in  office.  Personally,  he  is  a  man  of  modest 
and  retiring  disposition,  and  prefers  the  schol- 
arly routine  of  life  to  that  of  a  public  career. 


He  was  married  in  1862,  to  Miss  Mary 
Phelan,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  who  died  in 
1880,  leaving  eight  children,  namely:  Lulu, 
Luma,  Maud,  Lorine,  Ralph  Waldo,  May,  lone 
and  Lilian.  Lulu  is  the  wife  of  J.  H.  Penne- 
feather. 


BYRON  DANIELS,  Mayor  of  Van- 
couver, was  born  in  Mentor,  Lake 
county,  Ohio,  December  17,  1848,  a 
son  of  William  B.  and  Sarah  (Hall)  Daniels. 
W^illiam  B.  Dapiels,  or  as  better  known  Governor 
Daniels,  is  also  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  his  ances- 
tors were  early  settlers  of  New  England.  He 
came  across  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1853, 
locating  in  Yam  Hill  county.  He  has  the 
proud  distinction  of  being  Idaho's  first  Secre- 
tary, and  later  Acting  Governor. 

W.  Byron  Daniels,  the  eldest  of  four  chil- 
dren, was  reared  to  farm  life,  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  Oregon.  He  was  afterward  engaged  iu 
teaching  in  Oregon  City.  In  1869  he  began 
the  study  of  law  in  this  city,  with  A.  G.  Cook 
and  H.  G.  Struve  as  his  preceptors,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872,  at  Olympia.  For 
a  time  Mr.  Daniels  was  connected  with  a  bank- 
ing house  of  that  city,  also  private  secretary  to 
Governor  Ferry.  His  health  becoming  some- 
what impaired,  he  next  joined  a  surveying 
party  working  in  sections  of  Idaho,  Oregon  and 
California.  During  a  residence  of  eighteen 
months  in  San  Francisco,  he  was  engaged  in 
abstracting  land  titles,  and  after  returning  to 
Vancouver,^  in  1875,  became  connected  with 
journalism,  staiting  the  Vancouver  Independ- 
ent. Our  subject  sold  that  paper  in  1878,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  N.  H.  Bloomfield, 
in  the  practice  of  law.  This  firm  existed  until 
the  latter  was  called  to  the  Superior  Bench, 
since  which  time  Mr.  Daniels  has  continued 
his  practice  alone.  He  is  a  thoroughly  conserv- 
ative man,  and  has  but  little  liking  for  parade 
or  sensationalism.  He  is  zealous,  industrious, 
and  leaves  no  stone  unturned  in  a  legitimate 
way  to  attain  success  in  his  profession.  Aside 
from  his  practice,  he  is  also  engaged  in  fruit 
culture,  owning  a  one-half  interest  in  a  forty- 
acre  prune  and  peach  orchard  ten  miles  east  of 
Vancouver,  also  eight  and  one-half  acres  near 
town. 


niSTOUT    OF    WASBtNOTOJS. 


Ill  political  matters  Mr.  Daniels  may  be  con- 
sidered independent,  although  he  was  elected 
on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Legisla- 
ture in  1877,  and  was  Secretary  of  the  First 
Constitutional  Convention  in  the  following 
year.  He  was  appointed  by  the  City  Council 
to  fill  an  unexpired  term  as  Mayor  of  Van- 
couver, and  later  was  elected  to  the  same  office, 
receiving  in  a  great  degree  the  support  of  busi- 
ness men  of  both  parties.  His  administration 
was  so  acceptalile  after  serving  two  years  that 
in  December,  1S90,  he  was  elected  for  a  second 
term.  Mr.  Daniels  has  brought  to  the  position 
as  head  of  the  city  government  a  high  standard 
of  ability  and  experience,  and  the  opinion  pre- 
vails that  he  is  worthy  of  still  higher  honors. 
He  has  been  City  Attorney  and  a  member  of 
the  Council  for  several  years,  was  Superintend- 
ent of  county  schools,  and  at  the  present  time 
is  Trustee  of  the  "Washington  State  School  for 
Defective  Youths,  and  a  member  of  the  School 
Board  of  Clarke  county. 

Mr.  Daniels  was  married  in  this  city  January 
18,  1883,  to  Miss  Kosina  A.  Jaggy,  a  native  of 
Washington.  They  have  two  daughters, — 
Marguerite  and  Lucile. 


i^ 


THOMAS  JEFFERSON  DUFFIELD,  a 
prominent  agriculturist  of  Klickatat  coun- 
ty, Washington,  was  born  in  Nicholas 
county,  West  Virginia,  December  26, 
1824:,  a  son  of  John  L.  and  Ann  (Bails)  Duf- 
field.  His  father  was  the  son  of  a  pioneer  set- 
tler of  Kentucky,  and  was  born  on  the  present 
site  of  Lexington.  The  family  is  of  English 
extraction.  The  mother  was  born  in  Greenbrier 
county.  West  Virginia,  her  father  having  emi- 
grated to  this  continent  from  England  when  a 
boy.  Her  mother  was  of  Dutch  descent.  Our 
subject  was  a  lad  of  thirteen  when  the  family 
removed  to  McHenry  county,  Hlinois.  They 
located  within  three  miles  of  Woodstock,  and 
there  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  worked  a  por- 
tion of  the  time  in  his  father's  blacksmitli  shop, 
but  his  chief  occupation  was  agriculture.  He 
had  charge  of  the  farm  from  his  sixteenth  year. 
The  gold  discovery  in  California  in  ISl'J  cre- 
ated an  excitement  that  was  felt  to  the  farthest 
parts  of  the  world,  and  the  young  men  of  the 
United  States  were  especially  affected  by  the 
wonderful  stories  that  spread  from   the   Pacitic 


to  the  Atlantic  coast.  On  March  28,  1850,  in 
company  with  David  Taylor,  Charles  Walkup, 
Isaac  B.  Dufheld  and  C.  M.  Duffield,  Thomas  J. 
Duhield  started  for  the  Golden  State,  making 
journey  overland.  The  party  took  the  route  to 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  entered  California  by  the 
Carson  route.  From  Salt  Lake  they  traveled 
on  foot;  the  third  of  August  they  ate  dinner 
at  Red  Lake,  six  miles  east  of  the  summit 
of  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  and  that  night  camped 
eighteen  miles  west  of  the  summit.  While 
in  the  mountains  Mr.  Dufheld  paid  out  his 
last  dollar  for  a  pound  of  rice.  The  party 
now  numbered  seven,  as  they  had  been  joined 
by  two  other  McHenry  county  boys.  Milt  Davey 
and  a  young  man  named  Crittenden. 

They  stopped  at  Hangtown,  and  there  our 
subject  engaged  in  mining.  He  remained  in 
this  vicinity  until  the  first  of  May,  1851;  dur- 
ing the  summer  ftdlowing  he  cut  hay  in  the 
Vaca  valley,  Solano  county;  but  when  the  season 
ended  he  had  no  money,  and  to  add  to  his  des- 
pair he  was  ill.  He  managed  to  reach  Stock- 
ton, and  then  took  a  trip  to  the  southern  mines; 
his  stage  fare  from  this  point  to  Mokelumne 
Hill  was  $21.  Thence  he  walked  to  Jackson, 
and  proceeded  to  Volcano,  where  lie  remained 
until  1853.  At  this  time  he  returned  to  Solano 
county  and  settled  ten  miles  out  on  the  plain 
between  Vacaville  and  Butah  creek.  This  was 
his  home  for  a  period  of  seventeen  yeai's,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  came  to  Oregon,  locating 
in  Linn  county.  There  he  resided  eight  years, 
and  during  the  time  paid  out  in  rent  $10,500, 
coming  out  the  loser  in  the  end,  as  he  lost  750 
acres  of  wheat  by  rust  during  the  last  three  years 
there.  In  October,  1879,  he  came  to  Klickitat 
county,  Washington,  and  bought  KiO  acres  of 
land,  on  which  he  now  resides,  three  miles  from 
Goldendale.  In  addition  to  this  he  owns  twenty 
acres  in  Thurston  county. 

Mr.  Duffield  was  married  in  Solano  county, 
California,  October  26,  1856,  to  Miss  Sarah 
Jane  Neff,  a  native  of  Rush  county,  Indiana, 
and  a  daughter  of  Orange  Hyde  and  Rachel 
Marrett  (Ryan)  Neff.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Vermont,  and  the  mother  was  a  Kentuckian 
by  birth.  When  Sarah  Jane  Neff  was  a  child 
of  two  years  her  parents  removed  to  W^ill 
county,  Illinois,  and  four  years  later  they  went 
to  Chicago,  where  her  father  followed  his  trade 
of  carpentry  until  his  death.  She  was  thirteen 
years  old  when  the  family  came  to  California 
and  located  in    Solano  county.     There  she  grew 


Hi  STOUT    OF    WASIIINqTON; 


to  maturity  and  was  married.  Her  mother  re- 
moved to  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  and 
there  passed  tlie  remainder  of  her  days.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Duffield  have  a  family  of  ten  children: 
Rachel  Ann,  wife  of  Scott  Warwich;  Robert  D., 
a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church; 
Frank  M.,  a  resident  of  Idaho;  Fannie  Ellen, 
wife  of  S.  P.  Brown;  Mary  L.,  the  wife  of  Jo- 
seph B.  Miller;  Thomas  L.,  a  blacksmith; 
George,  a  farmer;  Elizabeth  Alice,  wife  of 
Demster  Adams;  Daniel  Dudley  and  James 
Everett.  The  parents  are  consistent  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  worship 
with  the  congregation  at  Goldendale.  Mr.  Duf- 
field h?s  been  Class-leader  for  many  years;  he 
first  served  in  this  capacity  in  Illinois  when  a 
young  man,  and  has  filled  the  same  position  in 
California,  in  Oregon,  and  since  coming  to  Wash- 
ington. Politically,  in  early  times  he  was  iden- 
tilied  with  the  old-line  Whigs;  upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Republican  party  he  gave  that  body 
his  allegiance,  and  has  since  supported  it  with 
zealous  ardor. 


JfERBERT  P.  TRASK,  one  of  the  prosper- 
T  ous  and  progressive  tillers  of  the  soil  in 
li  Klickitat  county,  was  born  in  jS^ew  Hamp- 
shire, February  14,  1854,  a  son  of  David 
and  Polly  K.  (Presby)  Trask,  who  also  were  na- 
tivesof  ]\'ew Hampshire  and  descendants  of  early 
settlers  of  New  England.  Removing  to  Green 
Lake  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1868,  they  resided 
there  until  their  death. 

Our  subject,  the  third  in  order  of  birth  of 
their  five  children,  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-raising  in  Allen  county,  Kansas,  about 
three  years,  then  lived  a  year  in  Wisconsin  and 
finally  moved  to  Klickitat  county,  Washington, 
in  1874.  He  now  resides  nine  and  a  half  miles 
southeast  of  Goldendale.  In  his  farm  are  200 
acres,  ninety  acres  of  which  are  cultivated,  besides 
twelve  acres  in  various  kinds  of  fruit  trees 
and  two  and  a  half  acres  in  wine  and  table 
grapes.  The  trees  are  all  bearing  and  are  in 
good  condition.  There  is  scarcely  any  orchard 
in  the  county  that  is  either  larger  or  yielding  a 
better  quality  of  fruit. 

Publicly,  Mr.  Trask  has  been  a  Director  of 
School  District  No.  86,  for  several  years;  he  is 
a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  of  Goldendale,  and  of 
Enterprise  Grange,  No.  85. 


His  marriage  took  place  August  21,  1881, 
when  he  wedded  Miss  Sarah  Bateman,  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  they  have  six  children, 
namely:  George  W.,  Martha  W.,  Mary  P., 
Elizabeth  M.,   Harry  W.  and    Wilhimena  J. 


T|0SEPH  GIBSON,  pioneer,  farmer  and 
t^\\  stock- raiser  of  Washington,  now  residing 
^^  on  one  of  the  best  farms  in  Thurston 
county,  situated  a  mile  and  a  quarter  from 
Bucoda,  was  born  in  Cass  county,  Indiana,  De- 
cember 1,  1833.  His  parents,  Joseph  and 
Sarah  (McMillan)  Gibson,  were  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia and  descendants  of  old  and  prominent 
families.  His  parents  conducted  a  farm  in  the 
Old  Dominion  for  many  years,  on  which  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  until  he  was 
nine  years  of  age.  On  his  ninth  birthday  his 
father  died,  and  shortly  afterward  young  Joseph 
went  to  Ottawa,  Illinois,  to  live  with  a  man 
named  Sherman.  On  arriving  at  snflicient  age 
he  was  apprenticed  to  a  cabinet-maker,  William 
More  by  name,  with  whom  Joseph  soon  learned 
the  trade  and  continued  to  work  at  it  one  year. 
He  then  went  to  work  on  a  farm  for  G.  W. 
Crusen,  with  whom  he  remained  three  years, 
after  which  he  was  engaged  on  various  farms 
throughout  the  State  until  he  attained  the  age 
of  seventeen. 

Having  by  this  time  heard  the  marvelous 
reports  from  California  and  the  entire  North- 
west, he  determined  to  try  his  fortunes  in  that 
far-away  country.  Accordingly,  April  25, 1852, 
he  started  by  ox  team  for  California,  but  on  the 
way  changed  his  mind  and  his  course,  arriving 
in  November,  of  the  same  year,  after  six  months' 
travel,  in  Oregon  City,  Oregon.  He  was  en- 
gaged near  this  city  for  two  months  in  cutting 
wood,  when,  in  December,  1852,  he,  in  com- 
pany with  J.  L.  Chamberlain,  came  to  Puget 
Sound. 

In  the  early  spring  of  1853  Mr.  Gibson  com- 
menced lumbering,  working  in  a  sawmill  until 
late  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  when  he  took 
a  claim  on  Grand  Mound  prairie,  which  he  made 
his  home,  but  at  the  same  time  continued  bis 
work  in  a  sawmill.  He  was  thus  engaged  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  Indian  war  in  1855,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  volunteer  service  and  was 
mustered     in   tiie   regulai-s,   with   the    rank    of 


BtsTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Orderly  Sergeant,  under  Captain  Gihnore  Hays; 
First  Lieutenant,  Jerard  Ilnrd;  and  William 
Martin,  Second  Lieutenant. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Gibson  went 
back  to  farming  and  stock-raising  on  Grand 
Mound  prairie,  where  he  remained  a  few  years, 
and  then  sold  out  and  removed  to  King  county, 
settling  on  land  on  AVhite  river,  at  which  place 
he  established  a  post  office,  named  Slaughter, 
and  was  appointed  Postmaster.  In  1863-'64, 
liefore  going  to  White  river,  he  served  as  Post- 
master in  Thurston  county.  While  at  Slaughter 
he  also  served  as  County  Commissioner  one 
term.  After  a  residence  at  that  point  of  eight 
years  Mr.  Gibson  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Tenino,  Thurston  county,  where  he  commenced 
farming  and  stock-raising  in  the  vicinity  of 
Tenino,  which  occupation  he  continued  a  year 
and  a  half,  and  then  exchanged  his  farm  for  one 
on  the  Skookumchuck  river,  situated  a  mile  and 
a  quarter  from  Bucoda,  where  he  has  ever  since 
remained.  He  also  served  Thurston  county  as 
Commissioner  two  terms,  discharging  his  duties 
with  his  usual  efficiency  and  integrity. 

In  November,  1856,  Mr.  Gibson  was  married 
to  Narcissa  J.  Henness,a  worthy  lady,  daughter 
of  B.  L.  and  Lueretia  (Chandlerj  Henness, 
Washitigtou  pioneers.  Our  subject  and  liis 
wife  have  nine  children  living:  B.  F.,  K.  O.,  S. 
C,  J.  A.,  Mary,  L  D.,  F.  V.,  Annie  and 
Fannie. 

Mr.  Gibson  has  done  much  by  his  energy  and 
enterprise  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  com- 
munities in  which  he  has  resided,  and  deserves 
the  esteem  which  he  so  universally  enjoys. 


j^y||ORIlICE  J.  HEALY,  a  prominent 
farmer  of  Klickitat  county,  is  a  native 
of  county  Kerry,  Ireland,  born  January 
7,  184:2.  Emigrating  to  America,  he 
first  located  at  Boston,  where  lie  was  employed 
in  running  a  stationary  engine  for  three  years. 
In  1866,  taking  passage  on  the  steamer  City  of 
New  York, he  came  to  California,  by  way  of  the 
Isthmus,  completing  the  trip  on  the  Pacific  side 
on  the  old  steamer  Constitution.  After  a  resi- 
dence of  about  seventeen  years  in  the  Golden 
State, — several  years  of  which  time  was  in 
Hamon  valley.  Contra  Costa  county,  one  year  in 
Santa  Clara  and  three  in  Sonoma  county, — he 
came  to  Klickitat  county  in    1885.     He   now 


resides  some  fifteen  miles  east  of  Goldendale, 
where  he  owns  240  acres  of  land,  120  acres  of 
which  are  devoted  to  grain-growing  and  the  rest 
to  pasture,  etc.;  but  for  many  years  he  has  also 
devoted  his  attention  largely  to  cattle-raising, 
until  lately. 

As  to  public  matters  he  is  a  steadfast  Repub- 
lican, and  is  zealously  active  in  educational 
interests.  He  has  been  a  Director  of  School 
District  No.  15.  For  three  years  he  was  also 
Justice  of  the  Peace. 

He  was  married,  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
July  19,  1866,  to  Miss  Ellen  Sullivan,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  they  have  three  children  living 
and  one  deceased.  The  living  are:  Elizabeth, 
who  is  now  the  wife  of  Albert  Courtenay,  in 
Klickitat  county;  John  E.  and  Lillie,  both  of 
whom  are  at  home.  The  deceased  was  Mar- 
garet, who  died  in  July,  1876. 

Mr.  Healy  belongs  to  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  of 
Goldendale,  and  also  to  Pleasant  Valley  Grange, 
No.  86,  P.  of  H.  He  is  a  progressive  man, 
always  ready  and  willing  to  aid  in  public  enter- 
prises, and  is  therefore  patriotic  in  times  of 
peace  as  well  as  in  the  days  of  conflict. 

^->m-^ 

^  TANTON  H.  JONES.— Among  the  rep- 
/l,   resentative  citizens  of   Klickitat  county 


^^  no  one  is  more  worthy  of  honorable  men- 
tion in  this  volume  than  he  whose  name  heads 
this  sketch.  His  career  began  in  the  Buckeye 
State,  where  he  was  born  March  23, 1830,  a  son 
of  Saventon  J.  and  Elizabeth  (DeNoon)  Jones, 
natives  of  Maryland  and  Ohio,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  1850,  the  mother  having 
passed  away  several  years  previously,  leaving  a 
family  of  seven  children,  Stanton  H.  being  the 
fifth-born.  He  was  i-eared  to  the  independent 
life  of  a  farmer,  and  followed  agricultural  pur- 
suits until  1854.  Desirous  of  seeing  tlie  great 
Western  country,  and  verifying  the  reports  of 
the  rich  gold  fields  that  lay  beyond  the  plains 
and  the  Rocky  mountains,  he  set  sail  from  New 
York  bound  for  tiie  Isthmus  of  Panama,  from 
which  port  he  took  the  John  L.  Stepliens  and 
in  due  time  arrived  in  San  Francisco.  Thence 
he  proceeded  to  Sierra  county,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  all-absorbing  occupation  of  mining.  For 
three  years  he  sought  the  yellow  dust,  meeting 
with  indifferent  success.  For  a  time  he  was 
interested  in  a  schooner  plying  the  Bay  of  San 


472 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Francisco,  but  in  1857  lie  came  to  Washington 
and  located  on  Pnget  Sound,  near  Olympia, 
where  he  operated  a  sawmill  for  a  time.  In 
1858  he  was  one  of  the  Frazer  river  victims. 
Returning  to  California  he  settled  up  his  busi- 
ness there,  and  the  following  year  located  in 
Klickitat  county.  He  has  resided  on  his  pres- 
ent farm  since  1878,  the  place  consisting  of 
475  acres,  of  which  140  acres  are  under  culti- 
vation and  annually  sown  to  grain.  He  also 
gives  some  attention  to  the  raising  of  live  stock, 
and  has  some  fine  specimens  in  his  fields. 
Studying  Nature  with  a  keen  and  sympathetic 
mind  he  has  learned  many  of  lier  secrets,  and  to 
such  earth  yields  her  choicest  gifts. 

Mr.  Jones  is  a  Republican  of  tlie  pronounced 
type.  He  has  served  as  County  Assessor,  and 
is  now  an  eflicient  member  of  the  School  Board. 
He  is  a  Trustee  of  the  Metliodist  Episcopal 
Church,  of  which  his  family  are  members. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  June  2,  1870,  to 
Miss  Harriet  Roots  of  Missouri,  and  to  them 
one  son  has  been  born,  George  W. 

D\R.  JOHN  J.  SELLWOOD,  one  of  the 
J  prominent  medical  practitioners  of  Van- 
couver,  was  born  at  Oregon  City,  Clacka- 
mas county,  Oregon,  October  19,  1866,  a  son  of 
Rev.  John  W.  Sellwood,  a  native  of  Illinois. 
The  father  was  a  prominent  pioneer  of  Oregon, 
was  an  Episcopal  minister,  and  for  many  years 
was  Rector  of  St.  Raul's  Episcopal  Church  in 
Oregon  City.  In  1878  he  became  Rector  of 
St.  David's  Church  in  East  Portland,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death,  in  1889.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  whose  maiden  name  was  Daily, 
was  a  native  of  Sydney,  Australia. 

John  J.,  the  only  child  of  his  parents,  took 
a  four  years'  course  of  study  at  Bishop  Scott's 
Academy,  graduating  in  that  institution  in  1884. 
He  then  began  reading  medicine  under  the  su- 
pervision of  the  eminent  Dr.  S.  E.  Josephi,  of 
Portland,  and  graduated  with  high  honors  at 
the  Willamette  University  in  1887,  and  was 
then  engaged  in  practice  one  year  in  East  Port- 
land. On  account  of  ill  health,  Dr.  Sellwood  was 
obliged  to  give  up  his  practice.  He  accepted  a 
position  with  the  Canadian  Steamship  Company, 
as  physician  on  their  line  plying  between  Van- 
couver, British  Columbia  and  Hong  Kong, 
where  he  was  employed  one  year,    and  then  be- 


came pliysician  and  surgeon  to  the  Missionary 
Hospital  of  the  Episcopal  Church  located  at 
Tokio,  Japan.  In  1889  our  subject  took  up  his 
residence  in  Vancouver,  since  which  time  lie 
has  enjoyed  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 

Dr.  Sellwood  has  been  twice  married, — first 
at  Portland,  July  3, 1888,  to  Miss  KateCoburn, 
a  native  of  Oregon.  She  afterward  died,  and  in 
October,  1891,  he  married  Miss  Marj  Hunder, 
a  native  of  Washington.  The  Doctor  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Oregon  State  Medical  Association, 
and  is  health  orticer  of  this  city.  Socially,  he 
affiliates  with  the  Red  Men,  the  O.  U.  A.  M. 
and  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


5N.  SECRIST,  ex-Sheriff  of  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Marysville, 
(Trant  county,  Indiana,  January  17,  1845, 
a  son  of  Michael  and  Mary  (McMahill)  Secrist, 
the  former  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  the  latter 
of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  born  1813,  and 
was  among  the  early  pioneers  of  Ohio  and  In- 
diana. The  Secrists  are  of  Swiss  origin,  the 
ancestors  having  settled  in  settled  in  Virginia 
in  the  latter  part  of  tlie  seventeenth  celitury. 
Henry  Secrist  and  William  Mc  Mahill,  grand- 
fathers of  our  subject,  were  patriot  soldiers  in 
the  war  of  1812. 

S.  N.  Secrist,  tlie  subject  of  this  sketch,  lo- 
cated with  his  parents  in  the  southern  portion 
of  Iowa  when  he  was  quite  young.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  years  he  began  the  battle  of  life  on 
his  own  account;  crossed  the  plains  to  Idaho, 
where  he  engaged  in  mining  two  years,  and 
thence  to  Denver.  At  the  latter  place  he  en- 
listed as  a  private  in  the  First  Colorado  Cav- 
alry, and  served  on  the  frontier  until  1866.  Mr. 
Secrist  then  visited  the  haunts  of  his  boyhood 
liome,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mining  and 
farming  until  1872,  and  in  that  year  located  in 
Vancouver,  Washington.  Pie  immediately  took 
up  a  homestead  of  160  acres  adjoining  the  city, 
of  which  he  still  owns  about  eighty  acres,  and 
fifteen  acres  of  the  latter  is  devoted  to  fruit 
trees,  which  are  in  a  healthy  and  thriving  con- 
dition, giving  good  returns  of  fruit.  He  also 
owns  residence  property  in  the  city.'  Asa  lum- 
ber merchant  Mr.  Secrist  is  considered  an  ex- 
pert; was  United  States  Inspector  for  the  dis- 
trict from  1887  to  1889;  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Fruit  Valley  Grange,  but  resigned 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTOX. 


the  management  of  their  co-operative  store  to 
a.ssume  the  duties  of  County  Sheriff. 

Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  and  active  Democrat, 
was  the  choice  of  his  party  for  his  present  office 
in  1887,  and  was  re  elected  in  1890.  lie  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  school  work, 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors for  over  twelve  years. 

March  22,  1868,  in  Iowa,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Elizabeth  Odem, 
a  native  of  Indiana.  To  this  union  have  been 
born  thirteen  children,  eiuht  now  living,  namely: 
James  M.,  John  T.,  Mary,  Frederick,  George 
W.,  William  II.,  Fanny  M.,  and  Grace  M.  In 
his  social  relations,  Mr.  Secrist  affiliates  with 
the  K.  of  P.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  also  the  Encamp- 
ment degree  of  the  latter  order,  and  the  P.  of  H. 


^4C4 


JOIIX  D.  GEOGHEGAN,  Register  of  the 
United  States  Land  Office  of  Vancouver, 
was  born  in  Galway,  Ireland,  December 
25,  1842,  a  son  of  Michael  and  Mary  (Suther- 
land) Geoghegan,  also  natives  of  that  country. 
The  parents  came  to  America  in  1840,  but  re- 
turned to  their  native  isle  the  same  year.  In 
1851  they  again  came  to  this  country,  locating 
in  New-  York  city. 

John  D.  Geoghegan,  the  sulgect  of  this 
sketch,  and  the  seventeenth  in  a  family  of 
twenty-one  children,  was  reared  and  educated 
in  JNew  York.  In  18()2  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eighteenth  Regiment,  United  States  Infantry, 
and  served  with  distinction  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  1866  he  received  a  First  Lieuten- 
ant's commission  in  the  regular  army,  but  re- 
signed his  position  in  1869,  and  for  the  follow- 
ing tburyears  followed  thosea,havingpreviously 
studied  navigation.  In  1872  Mr.  Geoghegan 
came  West  and  again  entered  the  regular  army, 
but  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service, 
in  1877,  engaged  in  farming  in  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  until  1879.  In  tiiat  year  he 
became  transportation  master  in  the  Quarter- 
master's department.  United  States  Army,  at 
V  ncouver,  where  he  remained  until  1885,  and 
from  that  time  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits until  appointed  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  office,  in  1890. 

Ill  1880  our  subject  was  \inited  in  marriage 
with  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Grubb,  nee  McMuUen,  a 
native  of  Arkansas.     She  has  one  daughter  by 


a  former  marriage,  Mary  Grubb.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Geoghegan  have  three  children:  Margaret  M., 
Bessie  and  Ethel.  Mi'-  Geoghegan  is  a  stanch 
and  steadfast  Republican,  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  politicil  matters.  He  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1889,  has 
served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  has  been  a 
inember  of  the  City  Council.  Socially,  he  af- 
filiates with  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
of  which  he  is  now  Graiui  Master  of  the  State 
of  Washington,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of 
and  Past  Post  Commander  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


f)ROF.  I.  N.  LAFFERTY,  ex-Superintend- 
ent of  the  Public  Schools  of  Clarke  county, 
was  born  in  Clarke  county,  Illinois,  Au- 
gust 16,  1847,  a  son  of  ^Marshall  and 
Elizabeth  (Criss)  Lafferty.  His  mother  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  descendel  from  one 
of  the  early  and  influential  families  of  that 
State.  She  died  on  this  coast  in  1878.  The 
Lafferty  family  trace  their  ancestors  on  this 
continent  lieyoud  the  date  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  great-great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, Josepli  Lafferty,  was  a  member  of  a  com- 
pany of  minute  men  at  the  battle  of  King's 
Mountain,  North  Carolina.  Marshall  Lafferty 
was  born  in  that  State,  but  was  raised  in  Ken- 
tucky. He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  crossed  the  plains  to  California  in 
1850,  where  he  followed  mining  on  the  Ameri- 
can and  Feather  rivers,  meeting  with  fair  suc- 
cess. In  1854  he  returned  to  his  former  home, 
but  in  1857  brought  his  family  to  California, 
spending  the  following  two  years  in  Vallejo. 
He  then  resided  in  Sonoma  county  until  his 
death,  in  1892. 

I.  N.  Lafferty,  the  subject  of  this  sketcii,  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Sonoma  county,  California,  and  at  the  Petaluma 
Institute.  In  1865  he  began  teaching  school  in 
the  former  county,  and  also  followed  the  same 
occupation  five  years  in  Mendocino  county.  In 
1882  he  came  to  Vancouver,  Washington,  where 
he  was  constantly  engaged  in  teaching  until 
1888,  and  in  that  year  was  elected  County 
Superintendent  of  schools.  He  retired  from 
that  position  in  1893.  Prof.  Lafferty  received 
a  life  diploma  in  C;ilifi>rnia,  a  Territorial  certi- 
tificate  in  tliis  S^al(•  in  lss3,  a  life  diploma  the 
following  year,  iti  l^'.t2  I'eceived  a  State  lifedi- 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


ploma,  and  holds  two  State  certificates  from 
Oregon.  He  has  been  constantly  connected 
with  educational  matters  since  early  manhood. 
April  1-4,  1889,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Mary  J.  Smith,  who  died  Jannary  20, 
1890.  June  24,  1882,  Prof.  Lafferty  married 
Miss  Mertie  L.  Blair,  a  native  of  Missouri.  In 
political  matters,  the  Professor  affiliates  with 
the  Republican  party,  and  socially  is  a  member 
of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  in  whicli  he  has  passed  all 
the  official  chairs. 


T[  P.  W.  ANDRESON,  proprietor  of  the 
^f  1]  City  Bakery  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 
^  Denmark,  May  26,  1863,  a  son  of  James 
and  Mary  (Volyaardsen)  Andreson.  Our  sub- 
ject, the  eldest  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  country.  In 
1885  he  emigrated  to  America,  locating  at 
Galveston,  Texas,  where  he  remained  eighteen 
months,  and  while  there  learned  the  baker's 
trade.  Mr.  Andreson  then  spent  a  short  time 
at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas,  and  in  1888  began  work 
at  his  trade  in  Portland,  Oregon.  He  worked 
as  a  journeyman  three  years  after  locating  in 
this  city,  and  in  1891  opened  his  present  estab- 
lishment. He  has  a  large  and  growing  trade  in 
Vancouver,  and  also  ships  to  Fisher's  Landing, 
Washougal,  and  other  points  in  Clarke  county. 
One  wagon  is  employed  constantly  in  delivering 
bread,  pastry,  etc.  Mr.  Andreson  was  natural- 
ized in  February,  1888. 

March  26,  1892,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Carrie  Olsen,  a  native  of  Denmark.  Mr. 
Andreson  takes  no  active  interest  in  political 
matters,  but  socially  affiliates  with  the  Improved 
Order  of  Pted  Men  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Van- 


5T.  ARTHUR,  Spokane,  Wasliington.  was 
born  in  Forest  Grove,  Oregon,  in  1854. 
His  parents,  Richard  and  Laura  J.  (Mills) 
Arthur,  natives  of  Missouri,  moved  to  Oregon 
in  1844,  being  among  tlie  pioneer  settlers  of 
that  State. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Oregon,  and  later  entered  upon  a 
clerical    course  in  the    State   L'niversity.     His 


parents  dying  when  he  was  quite  young,  he  did 
not  complete  his  studies  in  the  LTniversity,  and 
after  leaving  college  he  came  to  Spokane,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  ten  years,  during  which  period  he 
was  burned  out  two  times,  and  each  time  re- 
built. Retiring  from  the  hotel,  he  turned  his 
attention  to  the  real-estate  business,  in  which  lie 
was  engaged  about  two  years.  He  has  served 
as  City  Councilman  two  terms.  In  1890  he 
was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  of- 
fice of  County  Commissioner,  and  after  serving 
two  years  was  nominated  by  the  same  party  by 
acclamation  for  another  term  of  two  years. 

In  1878  IVIr.  Arthur  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Nellie  L.  Marsh,  a  native  of  New  Lyme, 
Ashtabula  county,  Ohio.  They  have  one  child, 
Charles  E.,  aged  seven  years. 

Mr.  Arthur  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Spokane  Lodge,  No.  17.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  citizens  of  Spokane,  and  is  often 
pointed  out  as  an  example  of  what  thrift  and  a 
tenacity  of  purpose  will  accomplish  when  coup- 
led with  n)otives  that  have  at  heart  the  best 
interests  of  the  community.  Mr.  Arthur's 
residence  is  located  in  the  prettiest  part  of  the 
city  and  is  in  every  way  a  cozy  home,  of  which 
he  may  well  be  proud. 


FREDERICK  W.  WALD,  a  retired  hard- 
ware merchant  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
—  1848.  in  Prussia,  Germany,  where  his 
ancestors  had  resided  for  many  generations.  In 
1860  his  parents,  Gerhart  and  Sybilia  "Wald, 
emigrated  with  their  children  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  but 
one  year  later  removed  to  a  farm  near  Marion, 
Illinois.  Frederick  "W.  received  his  primary 
education  in  the  schools  of  Prussia,  and  later 
attended  the  public  schools  of  St.  Louis.  In 
1864  he  entered  the  Jones  (Commercial  College, 
of  that  city,  and  his  progress  there  was  so  rapid 
that  he  graduated  after  three  months.  Mr.  Wald 
then  secured  an  engagement  as  bookkeeper 
with  Woodhurn,  Smith  &  Co.,  wholesale  deal- 
ers in  wagon  and  carriage  materials  and  hard- 
ware; three  years  afterward  became  the  cashier 
and  treasurer,  and  subsequently  manager  of  the 
business,  continuing  in  the]r  employ  for  a  period 
of  ten  years.  In  July,  1875,  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  after  an  extended  trip  through  that 


IITSTORr    OP    WASHINGTON. 


State  located  m  Seattle.  Soon  after  his  arrival 
liere,  Mr.  Wald  inet  an  old  acquaintance,  F.  W. 
AVusthoff,  and  they  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business,  making  a  specialty  of  mechanics' tools 
and  builders'  hardware.  This  bnsiness  was  far 
in  advance  of  the  town,  and  the  enterprise  was 
considered  exceedingly  hazardous,  and  probably 
short-lived.  But  they  pushed  energetically 
forward,  and  were  rewarded  by  ample  .'Success. 
After  two  years  our  subject  bought  out  liis 
])artner's  interest,  and  continued  alone  until 
1880,  when  James  Campbell  became  a  njember 
of  the  firm.  They  conducted  a  successful  bnsi- 
ness until  1886,  and  in  that  year  Mr.  Wald  sold 
his  interest  and  retired  from  active  labor.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  improving  his 
property.  He  erected  the  Harvard  block,  60  x 
108  feet,  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Virginia 
streets,  for  bnsiness  and  residence  purposes. 

In  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  in  1879,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  C.  Bossi, 
a  native  of  New  York  city.  They  have  had  five 
children,  namely:  Charles,  Rosa,  Lilly,  Freder- 
ick and  Emma.  Mr.  AVald  has  served  the  city 
as  Alderman,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Public 
AVorks,  Superintendent  of  Water  Works  and  in 
his  political  views  supports  tlie  Republican 
party.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  O.  F. 
and  Encampment. 

rjfENRY    R.   CABLES,   Couniy    Clerk  of 
Ir^     Clarke  county,  Washington,  was  the  first 
I     41    male    child     born    in     Sidney,    Fremont 
17  county,  Iowa,    December  5,  1851,  a  son 

of  Henry  L.  and  Margaret  K.  Caples.  Our 
subject  was  reared  in  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, receiving  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
during  the  winter  months,  and  worked  on  the 
farm  in  the  summer  seasons.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  to  tiie  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
serving  a  term  of  two  years;  in  1890  was  nomi- 
nated and  elected  County  Clerk,  again  elected 
to  the  ofKce  two  years  later.  Politically,  he 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  Democratic  party, 
and  is  deeply  interested  in  both  national  and 
local  politics.  He  lias  been  a  member  of  the 
School  Board  for  many  years. 

Mr.  Caples  was  united  in  marriage  September 
13,  1876,  with  Miss  Emma  J.  Hathaway,  a  na- 
tive of  this  county.  They  have  seven  children, 
namely:    Lilly  J.,  Margaret  Estella,   Robert  F., 


Mary  R.,  Alpha,  Lucy  M.  and  Henry  R.  Mr. 
Caples  is  presiding  officer  in  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Vancouver  Lodge,  No.  3,  and  is  an  active  worker 
in  the  O.  U.  A.  M.,  Columbian  Council,  No.  1, 
and  in  Fruit  Valley  Grange,  No.  8. 

— '^^m:m^'^ — 


EV.  ROBERT  J.  SMITH,  S.  J.,  Profes- 
sor of  Rhetoric  and  Poetry,  and  Director 
^  of  Debating  Society  at  Gronzaga  College, 
T/  Spokane,  Washington,  was  born   at   Be- 

nicia,  California,  August  15,  1852.  His  parents, 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Smith,  natives  of  Ireland, 
came  to  America  about  1850,  and  to  the  Pacific 
coast  the  same  year.  His  father  was  in  the 
military  service  of  the  United  States.  Both 
parents   ai-e  dcireased. 

In  ISti")  RolMit  J.  entered  the  Sisters' School 
at  Walla  Walla.  I  le  remained  there  until  1868, 
when  he  went  to  the  Holy  Angels  (now  St. 
James)  College,  Vanconver,  Washington,  and  in 
November,  1871,  entered  the  Society  of  Jesus 
at  Santa  Clara,  California,  and  took  an  eight 
years'  course.  From  that  institution  lie  was 
sent  to  San  Francisco,  and  for  five  years  taught 
in  St.  Ignatius  College.  Tlien  he  went  East, 
and  at  AVoodstock,  Maryland,  studied  a  course 
of  theology,  at  the  completion  of  which  he  was 
ordained  at  Ilchester  l)y  Cardinal  (then  Arch- 
bishop) Gibbons. 

Returning  West,  Father  Smith  located  at  Spo- 
kane, AVashington,  and  accepted  a  position  as 
one  of  the  professors  of  English  at  the  op  'ning 
of  Gonzaga  College.  With  this  institution  he 
has  since  been  connected,  being  one  of  the  niost 
efficient  members  of  its  faculty. 


— ^€@:®i^'^^^ — 

SYLVESTER  GOODNIGHT,  Auditor  of 
Clarke  connty,  AVashington,  was  born  in 
Monroe  county,  Missouri,  January  28, 
1865,  a  son  of  AVilliam  and  Nancy  (Bybee) 
Goodnight,  natives  also  of  that  State.  The  an- 
cestors of  both  sides  were  among  the  early  co- 
lonial settlers  of  Kentucky.  The  family  removed 
to  Oregon  in  1865,  and  two  years  later  located 
in  Clarke  county,  this  State,  where  our  subject 
attended  school,  and  also  graduated  at  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Monmouth,  Oregon,  in 
the  class  of  1888.     For  the  following  three  years 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Goodnight  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  tliat 
State,  and  then  followed  tlie  same  occupation  in 
Clarke  county,  Washington.  His  political  views 
are  Democratic,  and  in  November,  1892,  he  was 
elected  County  Auditor  of  this  county.  Al- 
though by  no  means  a  politician,  Mr.  Goodnight 
is  a  stanch  advocate  of  public  enterprises,  and 
is  ever  ready  to  assist  in  all  that  are  beneficial 
to  the  city  or  county. 

Jnne  13,  1888,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Ida  M.  Smith,  a  native  of  Oregon  and  a 
daughter  of  R.  M.  Smith,  a  pioneer  of  Polk 
conuty.  Our  subject  and  wife  have  one  child, 
Lillian  M.  " 

FREDERICK  A.  BROWN,  attorney  at  law 
of  Tacoma,  has  attained  a  degree  of  promi- 
—  nence  through  his  professional  success 
in  a  comparatively  short  time,  and  the  result  is 
largely  due  to  his  possession  in  an  unusual 
degree  of  both  business  and  legal  ability.  He 
is  a  native  of  Illinois,  born  at  Decatur. 

His  father,  Josiah  Brown,  who  was  a  physi- 
cian, died  at  Decatur  in  1889,  after  having 
practiced  his  profession  in  that  city  for  more 
than  thirty  years.     The  mother  still  survives. 

Frederick  A.  Brown,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  received  his  preparatory  education  in  the 
high  schools  of  Decatur.  After  completing  the 
course  there  he  went  to  Chicago,  where  lie  was 
employed  by  a  wholesale  and  retail  grocery 
liouse,  and  while  thus  engaged  he  began  a  course 
of  reading  in  law,  which  he  pui-sued  nights  and 
mornings;  later  he  went  to  Omaha,  Nebraska, 
where  he  was  employed  as  at  Chicago. 

After  mastering  the  rudiments  of  the  law  he 
entered  the  law  offices  of  Crea  and  Ewing  at 
Decatur,  Illinois,  and  subsequently  entered  the 
University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor,  studying 
in  both  departments  of  Literature  and  Law. 
While  attending  school  at  Ann  Arbor,  he  ap- 
peared before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Lansing, 
Michigan,  and  was  by  that  liody  admitted  to 
practice  and  afterward  graduated  from  the  law 
department,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
He  began  his  practice  at  Decatur  and  was  at 
once  successful. 

As  the  result  of  his  study  of  selecting  a  per- 
manent location,  his  choice  fell  on  Tacoma, 
Washington,  in  wiiich  city  he  opened  an  office 
in  1890.     Mr.  Brown's  practice  has  shown  such 


constant  increase  as  would  be  expected  from  one 
whose  preparatory  career  showed  both  pluck 
and  determination.  He  has  simply  tilled  afield 
all  his  own  and  in  his  specialty  of  corporation, 
commercial  and  Realty  Law,  has  a  clientage 
that  is  nothing  less  than  remarkable,  and  gives 
liim  one  of  the  largest  incomes  from  his  prac- 
tice of  any  lawyer  in  the  State.  He  represents 
in  Tacoma  nearly  all  the  wholesale  concerns, 
l)esides  a  portion  of  the  banking  interests  of  the 
city,  as  well  as  many  outside  parties. 

Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  bar  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  and  prac- 
tices in  all  the  State  and  Federal  courts. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  State  Bar  Association, 
is  an  active  Republican  in  politics,  having  at- 
tended most  of  the  conventions  as  a  delegate 
and  always  taking  a  leading  part  in  organiza- 
tion. Mr.  Brown  is  in  the  prime  of  life,  being 
hardly  more  than  thirty  years  old;  is  married 
and  has  one  of  the  prettiest  homes  in   the  city. 


NDREW  PETER  BERGSTROM,  who 
has  been  identified  with  the  interests  of 
,  King  county,  Washington,  for  a  number 
of  years,  was  born  in  Orebo  Lane,  Oby, 
Jockon  county.  State  of  Narke,  Sweden,  May 
19,  1842.  His  parents  were  Peter  and  Cathrina 
(Nelson)  Bergstrom.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
shipped  as  a  common  feaman,  and  while  thus 
engaged  visited  many  of  the  principal  cities  of 
Europe.  In  1867  and  '68  he  was  captain  of  the 
Eric,  a  freight  boat  running  between  Stockholm 
and  Swedbacken,  during  this  time  having  ten 
men  in  his  employ.  In  April,  1869,  he  landed 
in  New  York  city.  Retiring  from  the  sea,  he 
came  across  the  country,  via  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Texas,  being  em- 
ployed at  bridge  work  on  the  North  Louisiana 
&  Texas  Railroad.  From  there  he  went  to 
Chicago,  where  he  was  employed  to  superintend 
thirty  men,  grading  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indi- 
ana Railroad  in  Michigan.  This  work  lasted 
eighteen  months.  In  the  fall  of  1870  he  located 
three  miles  and  a  half  from  Cadillac,  AVexford 
county,  Michigan,  on  a  farm  of  eighty  acres, 
for  which  he  paid  §2.50  per  acre.  Later,  in 
1882,  he  was  employed  on  bridge  work  for  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Companyin  Montana, 
remaining  tiiere  five  months.  He  then  returned 
to  his  farm  in  Michiean. 


n  I, STOUT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Bergstroni  dates  his  arrival  in  Seattle 
April  8,  1884.  He  traveled  all  over  the  Sound 
country,  spending  nearly  the  whole  of  the  sum- 
mer in  travel,  and  in  the  fall  located  a  ranch  of 
160  acres  near  Woodinville.  lie  subsequently 
secured  title  to  this  land  under  the  pre-emption 
law.  He  had  left  his  family  on  the  Michigan 
farm  above  alluded  to,  and  in  the  fall  of  1886 
disposed  of  his  property  there  and  brought  his 
family  out  West.  In  the  meantime  he.  had 
been  working  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  had  built 
several  houses  on  Lake  Washington,  and  also 
the  scow-boat  Squak.  He  kept  his  family  on 
the  ranch  for  ten  months  and  then  moved  to 
Seattle,  where  he  secured  employment  in  the 
car  shops  of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern 
Railroad  Company. 

He  continued  in  the  employ  of  this  company 
until  the  spring  of  1892.  His  family  had 
moved  back  to  the  ranch  in  the  fall  of  1891, 
and  when  he  retired  from  the  car  shops  he 
joined  them  in  the  country.  He  has  since  been 
devoting  his  time  to  clearing  and  cultivating 
his  ranch. 

Mr.  Eergstrom  was  first  married  in  October, 
1872,  to  Guri  Ciulickson,  a  native  of  Norway. 
They  had  four  children,  all  of  whom  have 
passed  away.  Mrs.  Bergstrom  died  in  August, 
1876.  June  10,  1877,  he  married  Betty  Hag- 
strom,  a  native  of  Sweden.  Their  children  are: 
Laura  E.,  thirteen;  Hader  A.,  eleven;  Char- 
lotte, nine;  Eddy  L.,  seven;  Carl  Frederick, 
five;  and  George  Henry,  three. 


FETER  HUGHES,  contractor  and  builder, 
also  brick  manufacturer,  Spokane,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Surrey,  England,  in 
184:6.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Eliza- 
beth (Ellis)  Hughes,  natives  of  England,  had  a 
family  of  fourteen  children,  he  being  the  twelfth 
born.  Four  of  the  sons  became  contractors  and 
builders,  their  father  having  been  engaged  in 
that  business.  The  latter  was  a  prominent  and 
enterprising  man,  and  did  a  large  and  successful 
business  befoi-e  his  retirement.  He  died  in  No- 
vember, 1891,  aged  ninety-three  years.  His 
wife  passed  away  in  1854.  Both  were  members 
of  the  Established  Church  of  England,  and  the 
father  was  an  active  church  worker. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  educa- 
tion in  his  native  town,  and  there  served  an  ap- 

30 


prenticeship  to  the  builder's  trade.  The  years 
1867  and  1868  he  spent  in  the  city  of  London, 
working  at  his  trade.  In  September  of  the  last 
named  year  he  came  to  America  and  located  in 
Ontario,  Canada,  where  he  engaged  in  business 
for  himself  as  a  contractor,  and  remained  there, 
doing  a  successful  business,  until  1885.  Wish- 
ing for  a  larger  field  of  action,  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  coast  that  year,  and  in  September  settled 
at  Spokane.  Here  he  at  once  bought  a  home 
and  established  himself  in  business,  beginning 
operations  on  the  South  Side.  He  has  erected 
some  of  the  finest  buildings  ever  put  up  in  Spo- 
kane, both  residences  and  business  blocks.  In 
1889  he  took  the  contract  to  erect  the  State  In- 
ssne  Asylum  at  Medical  Lake.  This  is  one  of 
the  finest  structures  on  the  Pacific  coast.  While 
building  it  he  made  the  brick  on  the  ground, 
and  at  the  completion  of  the  building  moved  the 
brick  plant  to  Poene,  near  Spokane.  Here  he 
has  a  large  yard  with  a  capacity  of  45,000  brick 
per  day,  and  manufactures  both  pressed  and 
common  brick.  This  plant  cost  him  about 
$10,000.  Mr.  Hughes  has  on  the  North  Side, 
on  the  bank  of  the  river,  a  beautiful  residence, 
which  commands  a  magnih'cent  view  of  the  sur- 
rounding country.  He  also  owns  considerable 
realty  on  the  South  Side. 

Mr.  Hughes  is  a  man  of  family.  He  was 
married  in  1868,  to  Miss  MaryJarrett,  a  native 
of  England.  They  have  four  children  living, 
namely:  Thomas  B.,  now  his  father's  book- 
keeper; Minnie  J.,  aged  fifteen;  Richard  H., 
fourteen;  and  J.  ().,  twelve.  Tlie  family  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Church.  ]\[r.  Hughes 
is  a  public-spirited  man  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  educational  matters.  While 
in  Canada  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  School 
Board  eleven  years,  and  since  coming  to  Spokane 
has  served  in  that  capacity  one  year. 


D^R.  ELMER  DeVANDO  OLMSTED, 
)  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  Spokane, 
— -  Washington,  has  his  pleasant  office  in  the 
Zeigler  Block,  corner  of  Riverside  avenue  and 
Howard  street.  He  has  been  identified  with  the 
interests  of  this  busy,  growing  town  since  De- 
cember, 1887,  and  is  therefore  entitled  to  some 
personal  consideration  within  the  pages  of  this 
work. 

Dr.   Olmsted    was  born  Davenport,  Delaware 
county,   New  York,  in    1848,  and  is  a  son  of 


478 


niSTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Stephen  S.  and  Clara  E.  (McMorris)  Olmsted, 
both  natives  of  the  Empire  State.  They  had  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  he  being  the  ninth 
born.  His  father,  a  farmer  and  dairyman  in 
New  York,  left  that  State  in  1856  and' went  to 
Victoria,  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in  the  man- 
nfacture  of  furniture  and  also  had  a  store,  and 
for  eight  years  was  Postmaster.  He  still  resides 
in  Victoria,  whei-e  he  is  highly  esteemed  by  all 
■who  know  him.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Chnrch.  His  wife  passed  away 
several  years  ago. 

The  Doctor's  early  education  was  gained  in 
the  schools  of  Illinois,  where  he  lived  for  sev- 
eral years.  After  giving  his  attention  to  medi- 
cine for  soine  time,  he  entered  the  Missouri 
Homeopathic  College  at  St.  Louis,  in  1876,  re- 
ceiving his  diploma  in  1878.  Settling  at  Plym- 
outh, Illinois,  almost  immediately  after  grad- 
uation, he  began  practice.  Upon  coming  West 
and  locating  in  Spokane,  Dr.  Olmsted  at  once 
built  up  an  excellent  practice  here.  He  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  most  skillful  homeopathists 
in  the  State,  and  probably  has  the  largest  prac- 
tice of  any  physician  in  Spokane.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  and  County  Medical  Societies, 
and  while  his  professional  duties  require  his 
chief  attention,  he  also  has  time  for  social  de- 
mands. He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  having  taken  the  higher  degrees 
of  that  order,  and  while  in  the  East  was  Master 
of  the  lodge  to  which  he  belonged.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  A.  O.  IT.  W.  The  Doctor 
owns  valuable  real  estate  in  Spokane,  and  during 
the  great  lire  of  1889  he  lost  heavily.  He  is 
one  of  the  directors  in  the  Citizens'  National 
Bank. 

Dr.  Olmsted  has  been  twice  married.  In 
1868  he  wedded  Miss  Ella  Lang,  a  native  of 
Illinois,  who  died  in  1873,  leaving  two  children, 
namely:  Ama  L.,  wife  of  Burton  Taylor;  and 
Carrie  Edna,  wife  of  Ered  N.  Taylor.  In  1881 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  Sut- 
ton, who  is  also  a  native  of  Illinois. 


FEANCIS  M.  K.  PUGH,  the  efficient 
Sheriff  of  Spokane  county,  Washington, 
--  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  April 
7,  1860,  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  six  chil- 
dren. His  parents,  Francis  A.  and  Ruth  (Jes- 
sup)  Piigh,  are  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Indiana 


respectively,  and  his  father  was  among  the  first 
setttlers  of  Oregon.  One  of  Mr.  Pugh's  uncles 
served  in  both  the  Me-xican  and  Black  Hawk 
wars.  Of  his  brothers  be  it  recorded  that  they 
are  men  of  progressive  ideas,  and  have  held  va- 
rious positions  of  trust  in  the  States  of  Oregon 
and  Washington.  One  brother,  J.  W.  Pugh,  is 
now  a  County  Commissioner  of  Linn  county, 
Oragon,  and  another,  Felix  M.  Pugh,  is  Deputy 
Sheriff  of  Spokane  county,  under  his  brother. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  has  been  a  resident 
of  Washington  since  1879,  and  of  Spokane  since 
1880.  Mr.  Pugh  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  affairs  of  the  State  of  his  adoption,  and  is 
considered  one  of  its  most  public-spirited  citi- 
zens. He  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  by  that  party  was  nominated  and  elected 
Sheriff' of  Spokane  county  in  1890,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1892,  being  the  present  Sheriff  and 
serving  his  second  term.  He  has  proved  him- 
self a  most  capable  and  efficient  officer,  having, 
in  conjunction  with  his  brother,  Felix  M., 
broken  up  one  of  the  most  lawless  gangs  with 
which  the  West  was  ever  infested. 

He  was  married  in  1880,  to  Miss  Carrie  Hugh- 
banks,  and  has  four  children :  Ollie,  Lottie,  Bel- 
rand  and  Ilalph. 


EMIL    GUNTHER,     architect,    Spokane, 
Washington,  was   born  in    Germany    in 
1  1850,  only  child  of  Emil  Gunther  and  his 

wife.  He  received  a  university  education  and 
studied  architecture  under  the  best  masters  in 
Berlin,  and  for  three  years  after  completing  his 
studies  remained  at  Berlin  in  the  employ  of  the 
Government,  erecting  barracks,  etc. 

In  1880  Mr.  Gunther  came  to  the  United 
States.  He  spent  three  years  in  New  York, 
three  years  in  San  Antonio,  Texas,  and  two  years 
in  California,  all  the  while  being  engaged  in 
work  at  his  profession.  In  1889  he  came  to 
Spokane,  Washington,  arriving  here  just  before 
the  great  fire  of  that  j'ear.  Since  then  he  has 
erected  about  fifty  buildings,  aggregating  in 
value  over  §1,000,000.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  Irving,  Bryant,  Bancroft  and 
Franklin  schools  of  Spokane;  the  high-school 
building  of  Medical  Lake;  Holzman's  ware- 
house, Masonic  block,  Hogan's  block,  Mohr's 
block,  Allen  block,  Vermont  block,  Lutheran 
church,  etc.,  Spokane;  also  Bertrand   Cottages, 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  tile  residences  of  G.  Koou,  11.  Currier,  E. 
J.  Dyer,  J.  S.  Alien,  J.  Young,  Judge  Burk,  P. 
Jolmson  and  many  others  in  Spoliane. 

Mr.  Gunther  was  married  while  residing  in 
Texas,  and  has  three  children.  He  afiiliates  with 
the  Kepublican  party. 


JOSEPH  NESBITT,  manager  of  the  Gold- 
endale  Milling  Company,  is  well  and  fa- 
vorably known  in  commercial  circles  in 
Klickitat  county,  and  is  entitled  to  representa- 
tion in  a  work  of  this  character;  the  following 
space  has  therefore  been  accorded  him,  and  will 
be  devoted  to  a  brief  outline  of  his  career. 

The  building  occupied  by  the  Goldendale  Mill- 
ing Company  was  erected  in  1878,  and  for  two 
years  the  name  of  Thomas  Johnson  was  associ- 
ated with  the  prosecution  of  the  business,  after 
which  it  was  carried  on  by  S.  H.  Jones  and  Jo- 
sepli  Nesbitt  until  November  1,  1890,  when  the 
present  corporation  was  formed.  The  mill  is 
located  on  the  Little  Klickitat  river,  and  is  pro- 
vided with  both  steam  and  water  power.  The 
main  building  is  30  x  50  feet,  the  elevator 
is  20  X  30  feet,  and  the  engine  house  tifty- 
loiir  feet  square.  The  engine  is  forty-horse 
piivver.  and  the  water  power  is  utilized  through 
a  turbine.  The  interior  furnishings  and  me- 
chanical equipment  of  tlie  mill  are  of  tlie 
liitest  improved  patterns.  There  are  ten  pairs 
of  rollers,  and  the  capacity  of  the  plant  is  ninety 
barrels  in  a  run  of  twenty-four  liours.  Four 
men,  besides  the  manager,  are  employed.  The 
]iroduct  of  the  mill  tinds  a  market  in  Portland, 
Glympia  and  San  Francisco,  and  a  large  and 
steady  local  trade  has  been  established.  The 
patrons  assert  that  the  flour  and  meal  are  not 
surpassed  in  quality  by  any  other  mill  in  the 
Northwest. 

.losrpli  Nesbitt,  to  whose  untiring  energy  the 
pii),-|irrity  of  this  establishment  is  largely  due, 
was  1hii-ii  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  in  Stark  county, 
October  10,  1842.  His  parents,  Peter  and 
Catherine  (Baer)  Nesbitt,  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  Scotch  and  German  extraction  re- 
spectively. The  paternal  grandfather,  William 
Nesbitt,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812;  the 
father  died  in  1861,  and  the  mother  passed  away 
in  1890.  In  a  family  of  eight  Joseph  was  the 
tifth  born.  His  boyhood  was  spent  upon  a  farm ; 
in  early  manhood  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn 


the  carpenter's  trade,  and  became  master  of  the 
vocation,  which  he  followed  many  years.  In 
1867  he  left  the  State  of  his  nativity,  and  pro- 
ceeded toward  the  setting  sun.  Hannibal,  Mis- 
souri, was  liis  residence  for  a  time,  and  thence 
he  went  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  remained  four 
years;  Atchison,  Kansas,  was  his  home  for  a 
period  of  three  years,  and  then  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  locating  in  Goldendale,  Washing- 
ton. Here  he  has  since  resided,  and  given  his 
aid  to  the  development  of  the  county  and  State. 
He  was  interested  in  a  sawmill  during  the  first 
two  years  of  his  residence  here,  but  now  gives 
his  entire  attention  to  the  business  interests  of 
the  Goldendale  Milling  Company. 

Politically,  he  affiliates  with  the  Republican 
party,  taking  a  deep  interest  in  questions  of  a 
local  and  national  nature;  he  has  served  as  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  for  several  years, 
and  during  two  terms  represented  the  people  of 
Klickitat  county  in  the  office  of  Auditor.  He 
has  the  honor  of  having  been  Mayor  of  Golden- 
dale, which  was  incorporated  in  1879,  and  has 
served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  (J.  F.,  F.  & 
A.  M.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Mr.  Nesbitt  was  married  in  Missouri  in  ISCS, 
this  union  being  with  Miss  Eliza  Chirksdii,  of 
Indiana.  Mrs.  Nesbitt  departed  this  life  in 
1875,  leaving  one  daughter,  Ada,  the  wife  of  W. 
F.  ]]yers.  The  second  marriage  was  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Miller,  of  Oregon,  a  daughter  of  S. 
II.  Miller,  a  well-known  pioneer  of  1852.  There 
have  been  born  of  this  union  five  children:  Mary, 
Minnie,  Frederick,  Maggie  and  a  son  who  died 
in  infancy. 

"Ts        t        oT" 

GA.  WALSH,  a  medical  practitioner  of 
Seattle,  was  born  at  Fishkill  Landing,  on 
^  the  Hudson  river.  New  York,  April  13, 
1843,  a  son  of  William  II.  and  Ann  (Tousey) 
Walsh,  natives  of  New  York  and  Connecticut 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  lawyer  of  con- 
siderable prominence,  and  for  many  years  was 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Dutchess  county. 
He  also  took  an  active  part  in  shaping  the 
Democratic  party  of  that  State. 

C.  A.  Walsh  followed  a  preparatory  course  of 
study  at  the  high  school  of  Newburg,  and  then 
spent  three  and  a  half  years  in  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  Ireland.  lieturning  to  the  United  States 
just  prior   to    the  late  war,  he  enlisted  on  the 


n I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


first  call  for  troops,  iu  Company  C,  Seventy-first 
Regiment  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry.  The 
regiment  was  sent  to  Washington,  and  partici- 
pated in  tlie  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.  After 
the  ninety  days  of  enlistment  bad  expired  young 
Walsh  was  discharged  and  returned  home,  but 
a  few  weeks  later  re  enlisted  for  three  years,  in 
Company  A,  Ninth  Regiment  New  York  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  served  in  the  armies  of  the  Po- 
tomac and  Cuniberland,  took  part  in  the  battles 
of  Antietam,  Falling  Waters  and  Gettysburg, 
and  the  regiment  was  then  sent  to  New  York 
during  the  riots,  and  iiere  Mr.  Walsh  was  taken 
sick  and  subsequently  discharged. 

Returning  to  his  home,  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr. 
Schenck,  of  Fishkill  Landing,  and  Dr.  D.  Hayes 
Agnew,  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania.  After  completing  his 
second  year  at  that  institution,  his  finances  be- 
came exhausted,  and  he  was  obliged  to  begin 
practice,  which  he  did  at  the  mines  in  Potts- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  passing  through  the  Molly 
Maguire  difficulties.  Dr.  Walsh  spent  one  year 
in  practice  in  that  city,  three  years  at  Owego, 
eight  years  at  Bay  City,  Michigan,  and  then 
moved'to  Detroit,  Michigan.  In  1882  he  grad- 
uated at  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  of 
Chicago.  In  1887  he  was  instrumental  iu 
building  and  equipping  Grace  Hospital  in  De- 
troit. Of  the  funds  for  that  purpose,  $150,000 
was  donated  by  United  States  Senator  James 
McMillan,  and  an  equal  amount  by  his  partner, 
the  late  Hon.  John  S.  Newbury,  to  which  ad- 
ditional amounts  were  subscribed,  so  that,  after 
spending  1150,000  for  land,  building  and  equip- 
ments, there  was  an  endowment  fund  of  $280,- 
000.  In  connection  with  this  institution  there 
was  established  a  training  school  for  nurses, 
which  is  now  one  of  the  most  popular  in  the 
United  States.  The  hospital  was  opened  in  De- 
cember, 1888,  Dr.  Walsh  being  duly  installed 
as  Medical  Director  and  Surgeon.  After  two 
years  of  active  service  there  his  health  became 
impaired,  and  he  then  made  a  tour  in  Europe, 
visiting  the  leading  hospitals  of  Paris,  Vienna, 
Berlin,  Edinburg,  Glasgow  and  London.  He 
then  returned  to  Detroit  to  resume  his  duties, 
but,  still  in  failing  health,  he  decided  that  relief 
could  be  found  only  by  change  of  climate,  f.nd 
he  accordingly  sent  in  his  resignation.  It  was 
reluctantly  accepted,  and  brought  forth  the  fol- 
lowing preamble  and  resolution,  which  were 
unanimously  endorsed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees: 


'■'■Whereas,  Dr.  C.  A.  Walsh  has  severed  his 
connection  with  Grace  Hospital  and  is  about  to 
remove  to  a  distant  State,  and  the  Trustees 
wishing  to  express  their  appreciation  of  the 
eminent  services  rendered  by  him  and  his  de- 
votion to  the  interests  of  the  said  hospital,  and 
recognizing  the  fact  that  but  for  his  energy  and 
perseverance  as  the  trusted  physician  of  the  late 
Hon.  John  S.  Newbury  and  the  family  physi- 
cian of  Senator  James  McMillan,  the  founder 
of  said  hospital,  the  same  would  not  have  been 
erected,  and  further  that  his  ability,  energy  and 
skill  were  so  fully  recognized  by  the  founders 
that  they  confided  to  him  the  execution  of  the 
details  and  counseled  with  him  in  all  things 
connected  therewith;   therefore  be  it 

'^Resolved,  That  we  tender  to  Dr.  Wakh  our 
best  wishes  for  his  success  and  happiness  in  his 
new  home;  that  we  know  that  his  devotion  to 
the  interests  of  this  hospital  have  ever  been 
true,  disinterested  and  intelligent,  and  that  to 
him  and  his  efforts  its  success  is  mainly  due." 
Duly  attested  and  signed,  January  16,  1890. 

On  arriving  in  Seattle  the  Doctor  began  in- 
vesting in  property,  and,  his  health  impi'oved, 
opened  an  oflice  for  the  practice  of  medicine, 
giving  particular  attention  to  surgery  and  dis- 
eases of  women,  in  which  he  had  become  emi- 
nent while  in  Detroit.  He  has  erected  a  hand 
some  dwelling.  Colonial  arcliitectnre,  on  Queen 
Ann  hill.  Dr.  Walsh  has  invested  extensively 
in  both  city  and  country  property,  thus  identify- 
ing himself  with  the  interests  of  Seattle  and 
the  State.  In  his  social  relations  he  affiliates 
with  Miller  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  blue  lodge, 
chapter  and  comraandery,  F.  ifc  A.  M.  Religi- 
ously, he  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Cliurch. 

Dr.  Walsh  was  married  in  1868,  to  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Lawson,  a  native  of  Newburg,  New 
York.  They  have  three  children:  James  L., 
Frederick  L.  and  William  C- 

— ^€®:l©f■'^^- 

E'DWARD  M.  McCLINTIC,  proprietor  ot 
a  livery,  feed  and   sale  stable  on  Market 
I  street,  opposite  St.  Helen's  Hotel,  Che- 

halis,  was  born  in  Stephenson  county,  Illinois, 
September  13,  1853,  a  son  of  Nathaniel  and 
Eliza  (Sloan)  McClintic,  natives  of  Indiana. 
The  parents  are  descended  from  old  and  influen- 
tial families  of  that  State.  The  father  died  the 
same  year  that  our  subject's  birth  occurred. 


HISTORl'    OF    WASniA'^GTO^/. 


Edward  M.  McClintic,  the  youngest  in  a  fam- 
ily of  six  children,  passed  the  early  years  of  his 
life  on  a  farm.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he 
engaged  in  raih-oad  work  on  tlie  Union  Pacific. 
In  1872  he  became  a  locomotive  fireman  on  tlie 
same  i-oad,  and  in  the  course  of  time  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  engineer,  in  which 
capacity  he  continued  until  1890.  In  that  year 
he  resigned  his  position,  and  located  in  Che- 
halis,  Washington,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  livery  business.  Mr.  Mc- 
Clintic  is  one  of  those  genial  and  accommo- 
dating gentlemen  who  has  made  a  special  study 
of  the  wants  and  necessities  of  the  public  in  his 
line  of  business,  and  is  prepared  to  furnish 
saddle  horses  and  livery  roadsters  to  those  bent 
on  business  or  pleasure.  lie  makes  a  specialty 
of  boarding  stock,  and  also  furnislies  competent 
and  careful  drivers.  He  is  always  the  same 
jovial  and  courteous  gentleman,  whether  the 
call  is  a  business  or  social  one,  and  lias  the 
happy  faculty  of  making  new  friends  as  well  as 
retaining  the  good-will  of  those  of  earlier  date. 
Although  he  has  resided  in  the  city  only  two 
years,  Mr.  McClintic  is  one  of  its  most  pi-o- 
gressive  business  men. 

In  September,  1876,  he  was  joined  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Theda  E.  Clarke,  a  native  of  lUi 
nois.  They  have  had  four  children:  Winnie, 
Clarene,  Viola  and  Myrtle  (deceased  June  14, 
1885).  On  national  questions  Mr.  McClintic 
votes  with  the  Republican  party,  but  in  local 
politics  is  indeed  liberal.  Socially,  he  affiliates 
with  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  En- 
gineers. 


i^^ 


P)  S.  WASHBURN",  a  capitalist  and  pros- 
perous farmer  of  Gate  City,  Washington, 
and  one  of  the  original  town  site  owners 
of  that  thriving  little  place,  is  a  native  of 
ISTew  York  State,  born  May  16,  1826.  He 
comes  of  old  New  England  stock,  his  parents, 
S.  and  Vina  (Warner)  Washburn,  being  natives 
of  New  York  State  and  Vermont,  respectively. 
They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  of 
whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  only  sur- 
viving member.  Both  parents  died  when  the 
children  were  young,  and  they  were  left  to  care 
for  themselves,  with  the  assistance  of  relatives 
and  friends. 


The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  taken  to  Lee 
county,  Iowa,  to  live  with  friends,  but  drifted 
from  there  to  other  places  in  pursuit  of  all  kinds 
of  work,  principally  farming,  until  he  arrived  at 
the  age  of  twenty-three  years.  Then,  becoming 
tired  of  having  no  steady  occupation,  he  started, 
in  1849,  for  the  gold  fields  of  California.  He 
went  down  the  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans,  and 
thence  across  the  Gulf  to  the  Isthmus  of  Pana- 
ma in  a  steamer,  crossed  the  Istlimus  and  took 
a  sailing  vessel  for  San  Francisco,  at  which  place 
he  arrived  in  the  summer  of  that  year,  after 
forty-seven  days'  travel  by  land  and  sea.  Gold 
was  at  this  time  very  plentiful,  and  he  visited 
and  worked  for  seven  years  in  most  of  the  min- 
ing localities  in  California,  meeting  with  great 
success.  In  1856  he  left  that  State  and  came 
to  Oregon,  setttling  on  Ap^^legate  river.  Here 
also  he  was  engaged  in  prospecting  and  mining 
for  about  a  year,  when  he  started  for  the  Sound 
country  alone  and  afoot,  carrying  his  blankets, 
and  arrived  in  the  spring  of  1858,  in  Olympia, 
Washington  Territory.  Not  finding  employ- 
ment here,  he  at  once  proceeded  to  Steilacoom, 
in  tlie  same  Territory,  and  in  the  summer  of 
that  year  began  to  work  on  the  military  road 
between  Nisqually  river  and  Seattle.  In  the 
autumn  of  the  same  year,  he  started  across  the 
country,  traversing  what  are  now  known  as  Ma- 
son, Kitsap,  Jefferson  and  Clallam  counties,  also 
Vancouver  island,  and  came  to  Pierce  county, 
where  he  pre-empted  320  acres  of  land  on  the 
Nisqualiy  river.  He  lived  here  about  seven 
years,  when,  in  1871,  he  traded  his  claim  to 
Dan  Mounts  for  the  same  amount  of  land  on 
Black  river,  which  latter  tract  was  then  covered 
by  a  dense  forest.  During  his  first  winter 
there,  he  killed  fourteen  cougars  or  mountain 
lions,  so  wild  was  it,  but  at  present  he  has  the 
greater  part  of  the  claim  under  cultivation  and 
has  made  many  valuable  improvements  on  it, 
until  he  now  has  one  of  the  most  valuable  farms 
in  the  country.  Two  railroads,  the  Northern 
Pacific  and  Olyinpia  &  Gray's  Harbor,  run 
through  his  farm,  making  a  junction  at  Gate 
City,  the  site  of  which  was  formerly  owned  by 
Mr.  Washburn  and  li.  B.  Dodge.  This  place 
gives  promise  of  becoming  in  time  a  thriving 
town,  as  the  land  around  it  is  the  very  best  and 
will  soon  be  under  excellent  cultivation. 

In  1874,  Mr.  Washburn  was  married  to  Mary 
J.  McCallister,  an  estimable  widow,  who  crossed 
the  plains  to  Washington  with  her  husband  in 
an  early   day.     After  thirteen  years    of  happy 


UI8T0RT    OP    WASHINQTON. 


married  life,  Mrs.  Waslibiirn  died,  leaving  her 
husband  childless  and  alone.  He  still  resides 
on  his  farm,  a  genial,  hospitable  man,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  the  esteem  of  all  who  know  him, 
and  whose  best  wishes  he  has  for  his  future 
prosperity  and   happiness. 

- — ^-m-^ — 

CAPTAIN  SAMUEL  JACKSON,  one  of 
the  oldest  steamboat  navigators  of  Pnget 
Sound,  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Massachu- 
setts, November  17,  1832,  son  of  Captain  Sam- 
uel and  Nancy  (McCreedy)  Jackson,  natives  of 
Long  Island  and  Massachusetts  respectively. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  w^as  reared  under  the 
influence  of  seafaring  stories,  and  when  but  ten 
years  of  age  he  would  accompany  his  father 
on  his  fishing  excursions  diirino;  the  summer 
months,  and  during  the  winter  found  employ- 
ment about  the  foundries  and  shipyards,  with 
but  limited  opportunities  for  attending  scliool. 
He  followed  fisliing  up  to  his  seventeenth  year, 
then  sailed  upon  larger  vessels,  through  the 
deeper  seas.  During  his  earliest  voyages  on 
the  Elizabeth  Fulton,  about  1850,  en  route  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  the  vessel  foundered  near  the 
equator  and  went  down.  The  crew  all  escaped 
in  lifeboats,  and  after  four  days  reached  the 
land.  He  then  sailed  on  the  Criminal  around 
Cape  Horn  to  Valparaiso,  thence  by  the  ship 
St.  Bernard  to  Callao  and  back  to  Philadelphia. 
He  then  sailed  with  the  Enoch  Train  line  of 
packet  ships  from  Boston  to  Liverpool,  carry- 
ing freight  and  passengers.  He  continued  in 
that  service  five  years,  going  in  before  the  mast 
and  coming  out  as  mate.  He  then  sailed  as 
boatswain  on  the  Niagara,  from  New  York  to 
Liverpool,  and  was  wrecked  on  tiie  Black  Water 
banks  in  the  Irish  channel,  and  out  of  265  pas- 
sengers all  were  saved  excepting  two.  Our  sub- 
ject continued  sailing  on  the  Atlantic  up  to 
1856,  then  spent  the  summer  on  the  Lakes 
Michigan,  Superior  and  Ontario,  and  in  the  fall 
of  1856  went  to  New  York  and  shipped  as 
second  mate  on  the  ship  Webfoot  for  San  Fran- 
cisco, arriving  in  May,  1857.  He  then  struck 
out  for  the  mines  and  passed  the  summer  in 
various  districts  with  reasonable  success.  In 
the  fall  he  sailed  to  Hong  Kong  on  the  ship 
Sancho  Panza,  returning  to  San  Francisco  in 
1858  on  the  ship  White  Swallow.  In  the  fall 
of  1858  he  again  visited  the  mines  and  contin- 


ued through  California,  Nevada  and  Mexico, 
up  to  1861,  then  came  to  Puget  Sound,  which 
he  had  visited  in  1858.  He  engaged  in  steam- 
boating  on  The  Ranger  No.  2.  Since""  1861  the 
Captain  has  served  in  various  capacities  in 
steam  boat  and  tug  boat  service,  and  about  four 
years  as  partner  of  Henry  Atkins,  in  driving 
piles  and  building  docks  by  contract.  They 
built  the  first  docks  at  Tacoma  when  the  new 
town  was  being  established.  The  Captain  has 
also  had  quite  a  mining  experience  in  the  Car- 
iboo districts  and  at  the  headwaters  of  the  Yu- 
kon river,  wliere  he  met  with  flattering  success, 
securing  |2,000  in  twelve  days.  Since  1890  he 
has  been  less  active  in  navigation,  giving  more 
time  to  his  personal  affairs. 

He  was  married  in  1890,  to  Mrs.  Rosa  (Mc- 
Lain)  Olney,  wddow  of  Captain  Olney.  They 
have  one  child,  Helen,  and  Mrs.  Jackson  had 
three  by  her  former  marriage:  Earnestine,  Jes- 
sie and  Moses. 

The  Captain  has  a  handsome  cottage  home 
on  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Virginia  streets, 
where  the  family  reside,  and  he  also  owns  other 
valuable  property.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Brotherhood  of  Steamboat  Pilots. 

^^^-^^-^^^'^^^ 

JS.  BRACE,  manager  of  the  Western  Mill, 
at  Seattle,  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
in  August,  1861.  His  ancestors  were  from 
England,  emigrating  to  America  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  locating  in  New  York  State, 
where  for  generations  they  were  extensively  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business.  Descendants 
subsequently  removed  to  Ontario,  where  Lewis 
J.  Brace,  tiie  father  of  our  subject,  was  born. 
Being  brought  up  in  the  lumber  business,  he 
adopted  that  line  of  occupation,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  extensive  lumber  merchants 
and  bridge  contractors  of  Western  Ontario. 
His  wife,  Mary  (Gibson)  Brace,  was  born  in 
Ireland,  but  was  brought  to  Canada  in  child- 
hood and  there  reared  and  educated.  J.  S. 
Brace  was  educated  in  the  private  school  of  Dr. 
Tassie,  at  Gait,  Ontario.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  he  entered  the  lumber  business  with  his 
father,  and  managed  the  lumber  department 
while  his  father  looked  after  the  building  of 
ailroad  and  county  bridges.  In  1883  Mr. 
Brace  and  family  removed  to  the  eastern  part 
of   the   Territory   of    Washington,   where  Mr. 


SI  STORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


Brace  engaged  iu  the  stock  business,  wliile  J. 
S.  Brace  became  connected  with  tlie  Spokane 
Mill  Company  as  superintendent,  and  remained 
in  their  employ  four  years.  In  1886  the  firm 
of  L.  J.  Brace  &  Son  was  organized  to  engage 
in  the  lumber  Imsiness,  with  a  mill  on  Priest 
river  and  lunilici-  y;uils  at  Spokane.  In  1887, 
J.  S.  Brace  rrr.igiied  his  position  with  the  Spo- 
kane Mill  Company  to  join  his  father  in  the 
new  enterprise,  and  with  hitn  continued  for  one 
year,  then  came  to  Seattle  as  superintendent  of 
the  Western  Mill,  of  which  he  is  now  manager. 
At  that  time  the  capacity  of  the  mill  was  30,- 
000  feet  per  day,  and  so  continued  np  to  Au- 
gust, 1889,  when  a  new  mill  was  erected  with 
a  capacity  of  100,000  feet  per  day,  and  the  old 
mill  converted  into  a  sash  and  door  manufac- 
tory, to  snpply  the  jobbing  trade.  The  tirm 
also  operated  a  planing  and  lath  mill,  employ- 
ing a  force  of  300  men  in  the  several  depart- 
ments. In  1892  the  sash  and  door  factory  was 
leased  and  the  mill  is  now  operated  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber,  lath  and  finishing  materials, 
affording  employment  to  about  150  hands,  the 
product  being  marketed  in  California,  Mexico 
and  throughout  the  East.  The  mill  is  also  well 
known  and  patronized  by  the  general  trade. 
Mr.  Brace  retains  his  interest  in  the  firm  of  L. 
J.  Brace  &  Son.  He  was  one  of  the  incorpor- 
ators of  the  Northwest  Fixture  &  Electric  Com- 
pany of  Seattle,  and  owns  valuable  real  estate, 
improved  and  unimproved,  in  the  vicinity  of 
of  Lake  Union.  He  was  married  at  Seattle,  in 
1890.  to  Miss  Katie  Frankland,  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  and  one  child,  Sarah  Evelyn 
Maude,  has  blessed  this  union. 

[[  J(ARRY  McNEILL,  passenger  and  ticket 
Ip^l    agent  of  the   Northern  Pacific   Raih-oad 
J     L.    Company,    Spokane,    Washington,    was 
■^  born  in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  Decem- 

ber 13,  1861,  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Fee) 
McNeill.  Early  in  life  he  moved  to  Indiana. 
There  he  attended  the  public  schools,  afterward 
going  to  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio,  where  he  entered 
Antioch  College,  taking  the  literary  course  and 
and  graduating  three  years  later. 

In  1880  Mr.  McNeill  commenced  railroad 
woi'k  for  the  Chicago,  Saint  Louis  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  system. 
He  held  this  position  until  1886,  when  he  con- 


nected himself  with  tiie  Northern  Pacific,  and 
was  stationed  at  Minneapolis.  -There  he  re- 
mained until  1888,  when  he  went  on  the  road 
for  them  in  the  capacity  of  ticket  exchanger. 
In  1890,  when  the  office  of  passenger  and  ticket 
agent  was  created  at  Sjjokane,  Mr.  McNeill  was 
given  the  position  and  has  satisfactorily  filled 
It  since  that  time.  He  is  thoroughly  well 
posted  in  the  details  of  his  department  and  the 
information  he  iinparts  to  the  public  is  reliable 
and  well  calculated  to  induce  them  to  patronize 
the  road  he  so  well  represents.  Mr.  McNeill 
takes  a  just  pride  in  the  road  and  never  tires 
of  expatiating  on  the  beauties  of  the  country 
through  which  it  jjasses,  and  its  superior  and 
unexcelled  passenger  service.  The  interests  of 
the  road  he  has  at  heart,  and  it  would  l)e  diffi- 
cult to  fill  his  place  should  he  be  called  to  some 
other  field  of  action. 

Mr.  McNeill  was  married  in  1887,  to  Miss 
Lizzie  Campl)ell,  a  native  of  Williamsburg, 
Indiana,  and  has  an  interesting  little  son,  two 
years  old,  named  Kenneth.  He  has  brought 
his  family  to  Spokane  and  hopes  to  make  this 
city  his  permanent  home. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Republican  and  is  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  that  party. 


Ij  O.  V.  R  E  N  W  I  C  K,  professional 
J.,  accountant,  Spokane,  Washington,  was 
51  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  December 
25,  1861.  His  father,  a  clergyman,  was  a  native 
of  Northumlierland,  England,  and  his  mother 
W'as  a  descendant  of  the  ill-fated  house  of  Stuarts. 
The  subject  of  our  .sketch  received  his  pre- 
paratory education  at  Rugby.  He  then  took  a 
classical  course  at  Clifton  University  and  also 
studied  theology.  Leaving  school  before  he 
completed  his  course,  he  went  to  sea  as  purser 
in  the  merchant  marine  service.  In  1881  he 
came  to  America  and  located  at  Winnipeg  dur- 
ing the  boom  in  ]\Iuiiitoba,  and  while  there  was 
engaged  in  speculating  and  farming.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1884  and  settled  in 
Wisconsin,  turning  his  attention  to  the  lumber 
business  for  a  time.  In  1887  he  again  directed 
his  course  westward,  and  took  up  his  abode  at 
Piiget  Sound.  He  entered  the  service  of  Pierce 
county,  as  accountant,  and  established  a  system 
of  county  bookkeeping  that  was  considered  the 
most  efficient  of  all  in  the  State.     He  revised 


U 1  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  books  of  Pierce  county  in  such  a  manner 
that  his  work  was  inost  favorably  coinineiited 
upon  and  attracted  wide-spread  attention.  About 
this  time  the  county  of  Spokane  required  the 
service  of  and  expert  accountant,  and  at  the 
earnest  request  of  Judge  J.  J.  Peel,  Mr.  Ren- 
wick  came  to  Spokane  in  May,  1891,  and  took 
charge  of  the  books,  and  as  the  result  of  his 
efficient  work  Spokane  is  considered  the  banner 
county  of  the  State  as  regards  its  books. 

Mr.  Kenwick  was  married  in  1888,  to  Gen- 
evieve Maude  Masters,  a  native  of  Corning, 
New  York.  He  is  a  member  and  one  of  the 
choristers  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

TTVr.  DAVID  F.  EAKIN,  one  of  the  old- 
I  J  est  practicing  physicians  in  Spokane, 
^^^  and  a  prominent  and  worthy  citizen  of 
the  place,  dates  his  birth  in  Carroll  county, 
Ohio,  in  1830.  He  is  the  seventh  born  in  a 
family  of  eiglit  children  that  reached  adult 
years.  His  parents,  David  and  Margaret  (Cross) 
Eakin,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Dela- 
ware respectively.  They  were  married  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  about  1813  or  '14  moved  to  Oliio 
and  settled  in  Carroll  county,  where  they  passed 
the  rest  of  their  lives,  the  mother  dying  in  1860 
and  the  father  in  1864.  The  latter  was  a  farmer 
and  took  an  active  interest  in  political  matters. 
He  was  not,  however,  an  office-seeker  and  would 
never  accept  office.  He  and  his  wife  ,were  wor- 
thy members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  and 
in  that  faith  they  reared  their  family. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Hagerstown  Academy  and  at  Salem, 
Ohio,  and  began  the  study  of  medicine  at 
Waynesburg,  that  State,  in  1855,  receiving 
private  instructions  for  two  years.  He  then 
began  to  practice.  In  1858  lie  graduated  at  the 
Cincinnati  Medical  and  Surgical  College,  and 
the  following  year  practiced  his  profession  at 
Augusta,  near  his  old  home.  In  1859  he  went  to 
Colorado,  spent  six  months  in  prospecting  for 
gold,  and  then  returned  east  as  far  as  Glenwood, 
Iowa,  where  he  established  himself  in  practice 
and  continued  to  reside  for  twelve  years.  In 
1862  he  entered  the  army  as  Assistant  Surgeon 
in  the  Twenty-ninth  Iowa  infantry,  and  re- 
mained in  the  servi<2e  two  years,  being  First 
Surgeon  for  eight  months  of  that  time.  In 
1871  Dr.  Eakin  moved  to  Beloit,  Kansas,  then 


a  new  town,  and  identified  himself  with  its 
interest  and  resided  there,  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  until  about  1881, 
when  he  moved  to  Rich  Hill,  Missouri.  Six 
months  later  we  find  him  in  California  and 
located  at  Los  Angeles.  In  the  pring  of  1883 
he  came  to  Spokane  county,  Washington,  and 
took  up  his  abode  at  Rockford,  and  in  1889 
moved  to  Spokane.  He  is  conducting  a  suc- 
cessful practice  here,  lias  bought  city  property, 
and  has  thoroughly  identified  himself  with  the 
interests  of  the  place.  He  is  a  Republican, 
taking  an  active  part  in  political  matters. 

Dr.  Eakin  was  married  in  1854,  to  Miss 
Amanda  J.  Brothers,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They 
have  had  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, viz.:  Frank  E.,  James  D.,  Carrie  M.  (wife 
of  Dr.  Rhodes,)  Willie  N.  and  Carroll  \'ictor. 
Thomas  C.  was  drowned  at  Beloit,  Kansas.  The 
other  two  died  in  infancy.  He  and  his  family 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

The  Doctor  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  and  is  now  serving  on  the  Pension 
Board.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Spokane 
County  Medical  Association. 


< 


b^^ 


^)  EXJAMIN  W.  PETTIT,  manager  of  the 
Seattle  Clearing  House  Association,  was 
born  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  February 
26,  1867.  His  paternal  ancestors  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
grandfather  held  a  prominent  position  as  a  civil 
engineer  and  later  in  Maryland,  as  a  banker. 
He  located  the  old  Cumberland  turnpike  before 
the  days  of  railroads,  and  subsequently  located 
the  first  railroad  out  of  Baltimore,  the  same 
being  among  the  first  railroads  of  the  United 
States. 

Hon.  Wm.  B.  Pettit,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  in  Cumberland,  Maryland,  subse- 
quently removing  to  Illinois,  where  he  married 
Miss  Emily  Coldy.  Mr.  Pettit  was  prominently 
connected  with  the  milling  interests  of  Rock 
Island,  and  later  entered  into  the  grocery  busi- 
ness in  which  he  is  now  engaged.  Benjamin 
W.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Rock  Island 
up  to  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  when  he  en- 
tered the  Bryant  &  Stratton  International  Busi- 
ness College  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  where,  in  1884, 
he  received  his  diploma  and  at  which  time  he  was 
tendered  and    accepted  a  position  with  Henry 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Dart's  Sons,  wholetale  grocers,  as  bill  clerk, 
and  later  was  advanced  to  tlie  position  of  book- 
keeper, continuing  in  tlieir  employ  four  and 
one-half  years. 

In  November,  1889,  lie  came  to  Seattle.  Ilis 
first  employment  was  as  stenographer  for  attor- 
ney George  E.  M.  Pratt,  but  in  December  fol- 
lowing he  secured  the  position  as  accountant  for 
Dexter  Horton  &  Company,  bankers,  and  has 
continued  in  that  position.  He  w-as  married, 
at  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  October  14,  1891,  to 
Miss  Anna  C.  Kahlke,  a  native  of  New  Orleans, 
and  of  German  descent.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  one  child,  Eloise  Marie. 

The  Seattle  Clearing  House  Association  was 
organized  June  1,  1889,  but  the  first  meeting 
was  closely  followed  by  the  great  fire  of  June 
6,  so  that  the  business  of  the  association  was 
not  really  commenced  until  August  26,  1889. 
The  original  banks  constituting  the  association 
were  the  Puget  Sound  National,  First  National, 
National  Bank  of  Commerce,  Merchants'  Na- 
tional, Dexter  Horton  &  Company  Guarantee 
Loan  Ar  Trust  Company,  Commercial  National, 
Washington  National,  Washington  Savings,  and 
Boston  National.  Since  the  date  of  organiza- 
tion the  following  banks  have  joined  the  asso- 
ciation: King  County  Bank  (now  Puget  Sound 
Savings  Bank),  Bank  of  British  Columbia, 
Seattle  National,  North  End  Security  Savings 
Bank,  and  the  Scandinavian- American  Bank. 
The  first  ofiicers  elected  were  Jacob  Fiirth, 
president;  Abrara  Barker,  secretary  and  man- 
ager, and  subsequently,  in  September,  1891,  Mr. 
Pettit  was  elected  manager.  Business  was  active 
after  the  fire  and  the  clearances  from  Au- 
gust 26  to  January  1,  1890,  amounted  to  $16,- 
579,4:78.85;  from  January  1, 1890,  to  January  1, 
1891,  $56,753,230.09;  from  January  1,  1891,  to 
January  1, 1892,  $48,976,347.90;  from  January 
1,  1892,  to  January  1,  1893,  $55,514,556.21. 
The  value  of  the  clearing-house  association  in 
expediting  business  is  thoroughly  recognized  in 
the  financial  and  commercial  circles  of  the  city. 

--^M^m^^ — 

I  NDREW  HEMRICH,  president  of  the 
l\  Seattle  Brewing  &  Malting  Comjjany, 
1^  was  born  in  Alma.  Wisconsin,  October 
31,  1856.  His  father,  John  Ilemrich, 
was  a  native  of  Baden,  Germany,  but  emigrated 
to  America  in  1850.     By  trade  he  was  a  practi- 


cal brewer,  and  locating  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  he 
erected  a  brewery  and  established  himself  in 
business.  He  was  there  married  to  Miss  Kath- 
eriue  Koepple,  a  native  of  Bavaria.  The  tem- 
perance movement  forced  Mr.  Hemrich  to  leave 
Iowa  early  in  1856.  He  then  removed  to  Alma, 
Wisconsin,  and  there  continued  the  same  line 
of  business  up  to  1884,  when  he  moved  to 
Seattle,  where  lie  now  resides.  Andi-ew  Hera- 
rich  received  an  elementary  education  at  Alma, 
which  was  continued  in  the  practical  duties  of 
life,  as  at  the  age  of  ten  years,  he  began  work 
in  his  father's  brewery,  and  three  years  later 
was  sent  to  La  Crosse,  as  an  apprentice  to 
learn  the  brewing  business.  This  was  fol- 
lowed by  two  years  in  breweries  in  Milwaukee, 
one  year  at  Denver,  Colorado,  and  one  year  at 
Eureka,  Nevada.  In  1876,  with  two  compan- 
ions, all  well  mounted,  he  made  a  trip  of  1,700 
miles  through  the  Yankee  Fork  mining  district 
of  Idaho,  but  the  claims  being  all  covered  and 
the  country  being  in  constant  danger  from  the 
attacks  of  hostile  tribes  of  Indians,  the  party 
continued  to  Butte,  Montana,  then  but  a  small 
mining  settlement.  At  Glendale,  thirty-five 
miles  from  Butte,  Mr.  Hemrich  started  a  small 
brewery,  selling  his  product  at  $21  per  barrel. 
This  he  continued  for  eighteen  months,  then 
sold  out  and  engaged  in  mining,  in  which  a 
short  experience  exhausted  his  accumulated 
savings.  He  then  gave  up  mining  and  going 
■  to  Bozeman  resumed  his  trade  as  foreman  of  a 
small  brewery  and  there  remained  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1883,  when  he  came  to  Seattle  and  form- 
ing a  co-partnership  with  John  Kopp  started  a 
small  steam  beer  brewery  with  an  annual  ca- 
pacity of  2,500  barrels.  This  was  the  nucleus 
of  the  present  Bay  View  brewery. 

In  1884  Mr.  Kopp  sold  out  his  interest  to 
the  father  of  our  subject,  and  in  1885,  the  lat- 
ter's  brother-in-law,  Fred  Kirschner, entered  the 
firm,  then  known  as  llrini-icli  iV'  Co.  With  the 
growing  demand  the  cajiaeity  of  the  brewery 
was  increased  from  time  to  time  up  to  1887, 
when  the  brewery  was  rebuilt  and  with  im- 
proved machinery  the  firm  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lager  beer,  with  a  capacity  of 
80,000  barrels  per  year.  The  product  was  sold 
throughout  the  Northwest.  In  April,  1891,  the 
business  was  incorporated  as  the  Bay  View 
Brewing  Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $300,- 
000,  and  so  continued  up  to  the  spring  of  1S93, 
when  the  company  consolidated  with  the  Albert 
Braun    Brewing   Company,   and    the   Clauson- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Sweeney  Brewing  Company,  under  tlie  incor- 
porate name  of  Seattle  Brewing  &  Malting 
Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000, 
Mr.  Hemrich  continuing  as  president.  In  1892 
our  subject  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  in- 
corporators of  the  Victoria  Brewing  &  Ice 
Company,  of  which  he  is  vice-president.  Re 
has  also  extensive  mining  interests  in  the  Cas- 
cade mountains,  twenty  miles  east  of  Snoqnal- 
mie  Falls.  The  claims  cover  6,000  x  600  feet 
on  one  ledge,  and  4,500  x  600  feet  on  a  parallel 
ledge,  gold-bearing,  running  from  |5  to  $105 
per  ton.  Mr.  Hemrich  is  also  president  of  the 
Eureka  Coal  Company,  and  owns  valuable  im- 
proved and  unimproved  property  in  the  city  of 
Seattle. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1885,  to  Miss 
Amelia  Hueke,  of  Essen,  Germany.  They  have 
four  children:  John,  Alvin,  Earnest  and  Kath- 
erine.  Socially,  Mr.  Hemrich  affiliates  with 
the  K.  of  P.,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Sons  of  Hermann  and 
the  various  German  societies. 


rKED  KIRSCHXER,  treasurer  of  the  Seat- 
tle Brewing  &  Malting  Company,  was  born 
—  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  May  21,  1856.  His 
parents,  Frederick  and  Mary  (AVeicke)  Kirsch- 
ner,  were  natives  of  Germany,  but  emigrated  to 
America  in  the  early  '50s  and  located  in  Cin- 
cinnati, where  Mr.  Kirschner  followed  his  trade 
of  molder  in  an  iron  foundry.  In  1856  he  re- 
moved to  Buffalo  City,  Wisconsin,  and  engaged 
in  the  draying  business  up  to  1861^,  then  in 
farming  until  1888,  when  he  removed  to  Seat- 
tle, where  he  now  resides.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Wisconsin,  and  re- 
maining at  home  followed  the  avocations  of  the 
farm  until  April,  1878,  when  he  was  married 
at  A.lma,  Wisconsin,  to  Miss  Emma  Hemrich. 
He  then  located  in  Alma  and  was  connected 
with  the  l)rewery  of  Mr.  Hemrich  for  one  year, 
then  for  three  years  was  proprietor  of  the 
Union  House.  He  then  purchased  a  plant  and 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  soda  water, 
which  enterprise  he  continued  until  1885,  when 
he  came  to  Seattle  and  purchased  an  interest  in 
the  Bay  View  brewery,  assuming  the  duties  of 
secretary  and  continuing  in  such  capacity  until 
April,  1891,  when,  upon  the  incorporation  of 
the  Bay  View  Brewing  Company,  he  was  made 
secretary  and  treasurer,  and  so  continued  up  to 


the  spring  of  1893,  when  the  Bay  View  con- 
solidated with  the  Albert  Braun  Brewing  Com- 
pany and  the  Clauson-Sweeney  Brewing  Com- 
pany, under  the  incorporate  name  of  the  Seattle 
Brewing  &  Malting  Company,  and  Mr.  Kirsch- 
ner was  elected  treasurer  of  the  new  organiza- 
tion. He  is  also  interested  in  valuable  mining 
interests  in  the  Cascade  mountains,  and  now 
owns  real  estate  in  the  city  of  Seattle. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kirschner  have  three  children: 
William,  Andrew  and  Emily.  Socially,  Mr. 
Kirscliner  affiliates  with  the  social  and  benevo- 
lent German  societies  of  Seattle. 


T[T[ON.  JAMES  M.  CARSOX,  City  Comp- 
IrM     troller  of    Seattle,   was   born    in    Shelby 
Jj    41    county,  Ohio,  June  7,  1846.     His  par- 
•^  ents,  Andrew  and   Mary   (Wallingford) 

Carson,  were  descended  from  pioneer  settlers  of 
the  same  State.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
reared  upon  the  farm  and  educated  in  the  com- 
mon and  graded  schools  of  Ohio.  He  remained 
at  home  until  July,  1863,  when  the  spirit  of 
patriotism  inspired  him  to  enlist  in  defense  of 
his  country.  Though  but  seventeen  years  of 
age,  he  was  accepted  and  went  out  with  Com- 
pany G,  j^inth  Ohio  Cavalry,  commanded  by 
Colonel  W.  D.  Hamilton.  Their  service  was 
with  General  Sherman  during  his  memorable 
march  to  the  sea.  Mr.  Carson  was  detailed 
during  part  of  service,  as  dispatch  carrier,  from 
the  headquarters  of  General  Brahman,  but  he 
took  part  in  every  engagement  with  his  regi- 
ment, the  most  severe  being  at  Atlanta,  Georgia, 
Aiken,  South  Carolina,  and  at  Rogersville,  Ten- 
nessee, where  his  horse  was  shot  from  under 
him,  though  he  himself  was  uninjured.  He 
was  mustered  out  at  Lexington,  North  Caro- 
lina, in  July,  1865,  and  then  rode  his  horse 
back  to  his  home  in  Ohio.  He  then  resumed 
his  education,  and  by  teaching  was  enabled  to 
complete  the  course  of  study  at  the  State  Nor- 
mal School,  and  also  to  take  up  the  study  of 
law. 

In  1875  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  from  Shelby  county;  and  in 
1877  to  the  Ohio  Senate  from  the  counties  of 
Miami,  Darke  and  Shelby.  In  1878  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Bishop  as  Aid-de-camp 
upon  his  staff,  with  rank  of  Colonel.  He  was 
admitted   to  the   bar  in   February,   1878,  before 


IlTsrORY    OP    W,iSniNOtON. 


the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  and  then  located 
in  practice  at  Anna,  Shelby  county,  where  he 
continued  until  1885.  During  this  period  he 
served  as  Mayor  of  the  city  and  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  four  years.  In  1885  he  was  ap- 
pointed, under  the  Cleveland  administration,  as 
special  agent  of  the  General  Land  Ottice,  and 
assigned     to    the  Pnget   Sound    Land    District 


with  headquarters   at 


Olyi 


ig 


that 


capacity  until  the  inauguration  of  Benjamin 
Harrison,  when  he  tendered  his  resignation. 
Having  become  well  versed  in  the  land  laws, 
and  with  an  extended  acquaintance  through  the 
State,  he  then  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law, 
making  a  specialty  of  legal  points  connected 
with  the  land  business,  appearing  before  the 
land  ofHcers  of  Olynipia  and  Seattle.  He  con- 
tinued this  form  of  practice  up  to  May  1,  1892, 
when  he  was  appointed  City  Comptroller  by  the 
Mayor  and  Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  city  of 
Seattle. 

Mr.  Carson  was  married  in  Shelby  county, 
Ohio,  January  1,  1872,  to  Miss  Bessie  E.  Staley, 
a  native  of  Ohio  and  daugliter  of  John  and 
Katherine  Staley,  pioneers  of  the  State.  This 
union  lias  been  blessed  by  three  children :  Mil- 
lard E.,  Oliver  P.  and  Victor  V.  Mr.  Carson 
has  recently  completed  a  handsome  residence 
on  Harvard  street,  and  l>y  wise  investment, 
owns  valuable  city  and  acre  property  in  the 
counties  of  King,  Pierce,  Chehalis  and  Skagit. 

In  his  official  career  he  has  been  a  wise  and 
able  manager,  honest  in  his  intentions  and  per- 
forming impartially  the  duties  of  trust  imposed 
upon  him. 


T(  A.  STOUT,  one  of  the  first  landholders  of 
h- I  Klickitat  county,  was  born  in  Lenawee 
^^  county,  Michigan,  in  183G,  a  son  of  John- 
son and  Sarah  G.  (Castle)  Stout,  natives  of  New 
York.  J.  A.,  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  ten  chil- 
dren, four  now  living,  remained  in  his  native 
State  until  twenty  years  of  age,  attended  school 
in  Baraboo,  Wisconsin,  one  year,  and  then  went 
to  "Winona  county,  Minnesota.  AVhile  there,  in 
1863,  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minnesota  Hi- 
fantry,  for  the  late  war,  was  stationed  at  Fort 
Snelling,  was  taken  to  Nashville,  also  to  Mem- 
phis. He  was  assigned  to  the  hospital  at  the 
latter  place,  where  he  was  engaged  as  a  nurse 
until    the  close   of   the    struggle.     Mr.     Stout 


tlien  spent  two  years  in  Minnesota,  after  which 
he  made  an  extended  trip,  by  way  of  New  York, 
around  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  landing  at  San 
P'rancisco.  He  spent  the  next  two  years  in 
Salem,  Oregon,  was  afterward  in  Linn  county, 
tiiat  State,  and  then  came  to  Klickitat  county, 
Wasliington,  purchasing  the  homestead  of  ItiO 
acres  where  lie  still  resides.  The  year  of  1874 
was  spent  in  the  reservation  north,  and  during 
the  following  year  he  was  in  the  Government 
employ  at  Fort  Yakima,  Washington.  Mr. 
Stout  is  a  member  of  tiie  G.  A.  R.,  I'aker  Post, 
No.  20,  of  Goldendale,  and,  although  not  at 
present  holding  an  office,  has  the  honor  of  he- 
ing  Past  Commander.  He  supports  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Republican  party,  in  which  he  takes 
an  active  interest.  He  was  the  first  Clerk  of  the 
county,  was  appointed  Auditor  to  till  an  unex- 
pired term  of  two  years,  and  in  1882  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  County  Commissioner,  of  the 
third  district,  which  position  he  held  four  years. 
Mr.  Stout  was  married  April  17,  1862,  to 
Miss  AUecia  Pike,  a  native  of  Maine,  and  a 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Phebe  (Scribner)  Pike, 
natives  also  of  that  State.  They  were  of  a  race 
notable  for  longevity,  and  the  grandfather  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Stont  have  one  child,  Elsie  E.  The  family  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

'T^  OBERT  WATSON,  a  progressive  agri- 
1^^    culturist  of  Klickitat  county,  Washing- 
J    ^  ton,  was  born  in  the  Dominion  of  Can- 
■f/  ada,  near  Woodstock,  Ontario,  October 

30,  1845.  His  parents,  James  and  Mary  Wat- 
son, were  natives  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  and  his 
father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  He  passed 
his  boyhood  and  youth  in  the  place  of  his  birth, 
but  in  1868  determined  to  see  more  of  the  world, 
and,  attracted  by  the  reports  of  the  fortunes  that 
were  so  frequently  found  in  a  day  in  the  Golden 
State,  he  started  for  California,  shipping  from 
New  York  on  the  steamer  Colorado.  He  went 
via  Panama,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  on  the 
Golden  Age,  May  1,  1868.  From  that  city  he 
went  to  Napa  county,  and  engaged  in  farming 
in  the  employ  of  H.  H.  Hudemann.  He  spent 
ten  years  in  Napa  county,  and  then  came  to  the 
Willamette  valley  in  Oregon,  where  he  bought 
a  place  twelve  miles  east  of  Salem ;.he  returned 
to  California,  but  soon  afterward  came  to  Wash- 


BISTORT    OF    WASIIINQTON. 


ington,  and  puicliased  160  acres,  on  wliieli  lie 
now  resides,  nine  miles  from  Goldendale.  He 
also  purchased  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
company  240  acres,  located  eight  miles  east  of 
his  residence  farm.  He  has  made  many  good 
improvements  and  the  place  is  well  stocked  with 
excellent  grades  of  stock.  He  has  also  bought 
from  the  Government  160  acres  on  the  hill-side 
adjoining  his  place. 

Mr.  AVatson  was  married  April  15, 1878,  in 
Canada,  to  Miss  Anna  Ferguson,  who  was  horn 
near  Woodstock,  Ontario,  a  daughter  of  Eohert 
Ferguson.  Six  children  have  been  born  of  this 
union:  Elnaer,  Angus,  Maude,  Ida,  Callie  and 
Fred. 

Mr.  Watson  is  a  member  of  Alumus  Lodge, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Goldendale.  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community  which 
he  has  helped  to  develop,  and  has  put  forth 
great  efforts  to  elevate  the  educational  standard 
of  the  county.  For  nine  years  he  has  served  as 
Director  of  school  disfrict  No.  6,  and  has  been 
very  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

w-^ —  - 


I  AMES  B.  EA(4LESOX,  oneof  the  fore- 
most medical  jiractitionei-s  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  Cbillicothc,  Ohio,  August  30, 
1862.  His  father,  William  Eaglcson,  was  a 
native  of  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  but  at  the 
age  of  three  years  emigrated  with  his  parents  to 
the  United  States,  locating  near  Chillicothe, 
where  he  followed  an  agricultural  life.  He 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Ilodsden,  a  native  of 
Ohio. 

James  B.,  our  subject,  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  and  in  the  higher  branches  by 
private  instructors.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
years  he  began  teaching,  and  thus  by  personal 
effort  secured  the  higher  education,  and  made 
possible  the  study  of  medicine.  In  1881,  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott,  of  Chilli- 
cothe, he  began  reading  medicine,  which  science 
he  perfected  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  of  Chicago,  graduating  at  that  insti- 
tution with  the  class  of  1885.  By  competitive 
examination  Mr.  Eagleson  then  secured  entrance 
into  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital  at  Chi- 
cago, as  medical  cadet,  subsequently  becoming 
Junior  Hospital  Steward.  In  September,  1886, 
he  was  sent  to  port  Townsend,  Washington,  as 
Hospital   Steward;  and   in  August,  1887,  came 


to  Seattle,  to  establish  the  Marine  Hospital 
station  at  this  port,  and  was  put  in  charge  as 
acting  assistant  surgeon,  which  position  he 
still  continues  to  till.  The  hospital  has  grown 
in  imjwrtance,  and  is  now  in  the  second  rank  of 
marine  hospital  stations  in  the  United  States  in 
charge  of  acting  assistant  surgeons.  Shortly 
after  coming  to  Seattle  Dr.  Eagleson  was  ap- 
pointed Surgeon  of  Qrace  Hospital,  which  posi- 
tion he  filled  until  the  spring  of  1889,  when  he, 
with  three  other  physicians,  incorporated  the 
Washington  General  Hospital  Association, 
leased  the  Grace  Hospital,  which  was  continued 
under  the  above  name,  with  accommodations 
for  forty-five  patients.  In  addition  to  hospital 
work,  the  Doctor  has  followed  a  general  prac- 
tice. He  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Lewis 
R.  Dawson,  on  January  1,  1891,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Dawson  &  Eagleson.  To  extend  his 
knowledge  of  surgery,  in  September,  181)2,  Dr. 
Eagleson  made  a  trip  t«  Europe,  and  spent 
about  four  months  in  visiting  the  Royal  Infirm- 
ary of  Edinburgh,  and  the  various  hospitals  of 
London. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  Seattle,  July  1, 
1889,  to  Miss  Blanche  Mills,  a  native  of  Michi- 
gan. Dr.  Eagleson  has  been  an  active  worker 
in  medical  societies,  and  at  present  is  President 
of  the  King  County  Medical  Society;  Treasurer 
of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Washing- 
ton; a  member  of  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation; the  American  Medical  Temperance 
Association,  and  the  Association  of  Military 
Surgeons  of  the  United  States.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  and  Bureau 
of  Vital  Statistics,  and  United  States  Board  of 
Pension  Examiners.  He  has  always  taken  a 
great  interest  in  the  National  Guard,  having 
served  as  a  private  in  Company  E  of  the  First 
Regiment  for  three  years,  w-ithin  which  time 
the  company  did  active  duty  at  the  time  of  the 
big  fire  in  Seattle,  June  6,  1889,  and  during 
several  mining  strikes.  On  August  i,  1893, 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  McGraw  as 
Surgeon  General  on  the  staff  of  the  Commander- 
in-Chief,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel. 


fPy)  ANKO  PETKOVITS,  a  well-known  resi- 
Vr\^    dent  of  Seattle,  and  the  only  manufact- 
J    ^   uring  furrier  in  the  State  of  Washington, 
if'  was  born  in  Southern  Hungary,  July  26, 

1854.    After  securing  a  practical  common-school 


HISTOUY    OB'    WASHINGTON. 


education,  he  decided  upon  the  furrier  business 
as  an  occupation,  and,  to  perfect  himself  in  the 
art,  he  first  served  a  tliree-jears  apprenticesliip 
witli  a  manufacturer  at  Ai-rand,  then  spent  four 
years  in  different  manufacturing  establishments 
in  Germany,  one  year  in  Paris,  six  months  in 
London,  and  in  1882  removed  to  America  and 
spent  nearly  three  years  with  the  leading  fur- 
riers of  New  York  city  and  Boston,  learning 
the  language  of  the  country  and  the  styles  and 
methods  of  doing  business  among  the  American 
people.  In  1885  he  came  to  San  Francisco,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1886  to  Portland,  Oregon,  gath- 
ering up  ideas  as  to  the  handling  of  skins  and 
furs  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Thns  securing  a  care- 
ful knowledge  of  the  fur  business  of  the  United 
States,  and  being  desirous  of  engaging  in  busi- 
ness, he  selected  Seattle  as  the  most  desirable 
location,  it  being  the  greatest  city  of  the  North- 
west and  nearest  to  tlie  seal  fisheries  of  Bering 
Sea,  and  to  the  trapping  grounds  of  British 
Columbia  and  Alaska.  Mr.  Petkovits  came  to 
Seattle  in  June,  1886,  and  with  $3,000  as  cash 
capital,  at  once  engaged  in  the  fur  business. 
In  February,  1887,  he  took  in  as  partner  Mr.  C. 
L.  Hibbard,  and  the  firm  conducted  a  general 
business  in  hides,  pelts,  wool  and  manufacturing 
furs.  After  one  year  the  firm  dissoved,  divided 
the  stock,  and  Mr.  Petkovits  continued  the 
manufacturing  department,  and  ran  a  small 
tannei'y  therewith  for  the  preparation  of  skins. 
In  the  great  fire  of  .)  une,  1889,  his  manufactory 
was  burned  out,  with  almost  a  total  loss  of  pelts 
and  stock.  This  was  a  serious  blow,  but  two 
two  months  later  he  resumed  business,  which 
has  forged  steadily  and  successfully  forward, 
until  his  stock  now  repix^ents  about  $20,000. 
For  two  seasons  he  sent  out  sealing  schooners 
to  the  fisheries,  but  owing  to  unfortunate  man- 
agement of  vessels  tliis  venture  proved  a  failure, 
and  he  now  purchases  skins  in  shipload  lots  and 
exports  to  the  markets  of  New  York  and  Lon- 
don, also  handling  the  pelts  of  all  the  fiw  ani- 
mals of  the  Northwest,  which  are  procured  from 
the  natives  and  trappers.  lie  carries  a  large 
stock  of  manufactured  goods  in  fancy  furs,  car- 
riage robes,  rugs,  etc.  Mr.  Petkovits  personally 
supervises  all  the  work  which  he  produces,  and 
with  his  thorough  knowledge  and  honorable 
business  methods,  his  success  lias  been  well  de- 
served, and  in  the  same  he  takes  an  honorable 
degree  of  pride.  He  has  also  dealt  considerably 
in  real  estate,  and  owns  valuable  improved  and 
unimproved  residence   property    in    Seattle  and 


acre  property  south  of  the  city.  July  12,  181)3, 
Mr.  Petkovits  opened  a  branch  establishment  at 
Spokane,  in  the  business  operations  of  which 
city  the  enterprise  is  destined  to  become  an 
important  factor. 


ARON  WEBSTER,  a  successful  farmer 
and  lumberman  who  came  to  Washing- 
ton in  an  early  day,  and  who  now  resides 
two  miles  from  Bucoda,  was  born  near 
Barnesville,  in  Belmont  Cdunty,  Ohio,  July  30, 
1828.  His  parents,  William  'and  Sarah  (Dod) 
Webster,  were  natives  of  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania,  of  sturdy  German  descent  and 
pioneers  of  Ohio,  where  his  fatiier  was  a  pros- 
perous farmer. 

The  subject  of  this  shetch  resided  at  home 
until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
started  for  the  extreme  west,  of  which  many 
favorable  things  were  told  concerning  the  op- 
portunities afforded  a  young  man  of  intelligence 
and  energy.  On  arriving  in  HiMiry  i-nunty, 
Iowa,  however,  he  found  his  sui-iiiiiiidings  t-u 
congenial  that  he  decided  to  remain  there,  and 
apprenticed  himself  as  a  millwright,  at  which 
business  he  afterward  worked  in  that  vicinity 
for  eight  years. 

Hearing  in  the  meantime  renewed  rumors  of 
the  wonderful  advantages  of  the  far  West,  he 
left  Iowa,  in  the  spring  of  1852,  for  the  Pacific 
Coast,  crossed  the  plains  Ijy  ox  team,  and  after 
a  tedious  journey  of  three  months  arrived 
safely  at  Portland,  Oregon,  then  a  small  town. 
Soon  after  his  arrival,  he  started  for  the  Rogue 
river  mines,  and  after  four  months  there  he 
proceeded  to  the  gold  mines  in  Shasta  county, 
California,  at  which  latter  place  he  worked  one 
year,  when  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  com- 
menced work  at  his  trade.  He  was  thus  em- 
ployed for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  tiirio 
he  emigrated  to  Washington  Territory,  making 
his  home  at  Olympia,  but  working  at  various 
places  on  the  Sound  until  1857.  He  then  went 
to  the  southern  part  of  Thurston  county,  where 
he  pre-empted  160  acres  and  afterward  home- 
steaded  160  acres  more,  also  subsequently  enter- 
ing 160  acres  with  land  warrants,  all  on  the 
banks  of  Skookumchuck  river  and  where  Bucoda 
is  now  situated.  He  here  built  a  sawmill, 
which  he  operated  about  seven  years,  at  the  en-l 
of  which  time  he  sold  out  his  land  and  mill  a';d 


HISTORY    OP    W.ISHINGTON. 


bought  a  farm  of  540  acres,  which  is  situated 
two  miles  from  Bucoda,  and  on  which  he  now 
resides  with  his  family. 

On  the  outbreak  of  the  Indian  war  in  J  855, 
Mr.  Webster  joined  the  company  of  volunteers 
know  as  the  Spokane  Invincibles,  under  the 
coiumand  of  Captain  B.  F.  Yantes.  Mr.  Web- 
ster was  First  Lieutenant  of  the  company,  which 
was  mustered  out  of  service  after  two  and  a 
half  months,  having  done  efficient  work  in  the 
cause  for  which  it  was  enlisted.  In  1854,  Mr. 
Webster  was  elected  Colonel  of  the  Territorial 
militia,  but  declined  to  serve,  and  it  is  men- 
tioned as  showing  the  high  regard  entertained 
for  him  by  his  associates. 

In  1861,  Mr.  Webster  was  married  to  Sarah 
Yantes,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Sarah  Yantes 
and  a  niece  of  Judge  Yantes,  a  prominent  offi- 
cial. She  crossed  the  plains  to  Washington 
with  her  parents  in  an  early  day.  In  1871,  Mr. 
Webster  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the  death  of 
his  wife,  who  left  three  children  to  his  care: 
Anna  C,  now  Mrs.  Wolf;  Sarah  M.,  now  Mrs. 
Jackson;  and  Maude,  at  home.  Mr.  Webster 
continued  to  reside  on  his  farm  with  his  daugh- 
tei-s  as  housekeepers  until  his  marriage,  April  8, 
1879,  to  Mrs.  W.  H.  Smith,  an  estimable  widow. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Louisa  Miles,  and  she 
was  born  June  4,  1835.  Her  parents,  H.  and 
Nancy  (Pickeral)  Miles,  were  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Ohio,  respectively.  They  resided  in 
Mahaska  county,  Iowa,  for  many  years,  where 
Louisa  grew  to  womanhood,  and  in  1859  was 
married  to  W.  H.  Smith.  He  died  in  Missouri 
in  1871,  leaving  his  widow  with  six  children: 
Laura,  William,  Dora,  Andrew,  Elmer  and 
Belle.  In  1877,  Mrs.  Smith  came  with  her 
family  to  Thurston  county,  Washington,  where 
she  was  married,  in  1879,  to  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

The  popularity  which  Mr.  Webster  gained  in 
the  militia  is  some  indication  of  the  esteem 
which  he  enjoys  in  his  community,  as  a  reward 
of  his  uniform  integrity  and  worth  of  character. 

SAMUEL  P.  M  A  R  S  H,  of  Yancouver. 
I^^j  Washington,  claims  the  proud  distinction 
- — ^  of  being  the  first  white  child  born  in 
Spencer  Township,  Medina  county,  Ohio,  the 
date  of  the  occurrence  being  March  24,  1826. 
He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Clara  (Rodgers)  Marsii. 
The  father  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  his  death 


occurred  in  Ohio,  in  1836.  The  Marsh  family 
are  of  English  ancestry,  and  trace  their  lineage 
on  this  continent  to  the  early  portion  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
a  native  of  Connecticut,  descended  from  one  of 
the  early  and  influential  families  of  New  En- 
gland. Her  father  was  a  patriot  soldier  during 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  held  the  rank  of 
Colonel. 

Samuel  P.  Marsh,  the  third  in  a  family  of 
six  children,  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  and 
at  the  early  age  of  ten  years  was  apprenticed  to 
the  blacksmith's  trade,  serving  five  years.  He 
then  followed  his  trade  as  a  journeyman  until 
1850,  when  he  made  the  long  and  tedious  jour- 
ney with  ox  teams  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  spend- 
ing six  months  and  five  days  on  the  road.  Mr. 
Marsh  first  located  at  Portland,  Oregon,  and, 
being  without  money,  his  first  $100  was  earned 
by  scoring  timber.  He  hewed  the  logs  and 
built  the  first  blacksmith  shop  in  the  now 
densely  populated  city  of  Portland,  having  been 
obliged  to  borrow  an  ax  for  that  purpose.  After 
getting  the  logs  to  his  shop  site,  Mr.  Marsh 
proceeded  to  Milwaukee,  the  only  sawmill  in 
tlie  country  having  been  located  at  that  point, 
purchased  lumber  on  titne,  and  towed  the  ma- 
terial on  a  raft  to  Portland.  After  completing 
his  shop  the  next  trouble  was  to  get  tools  to 
work  with,  but  this  difficulty  was  overcome, 
however,  by  the  purchase  of  an  odd  lot  of 
secondhand  tools,  for  which  he  paid  $400,  giv- 
ing indorsed  notes  for  thirty  and  sixty  days. 
His  first  customer  was  William  Bennett,  then 
Sheriff  of  Washington  county,  who  paid  him 
$12  for  shoeing  one  horse,  and  on  the  following 
day  paid  $24  for  shoeing  a  span.  At  that  time 
Mr.  Marsh  was  obliged  to  pay  35  cents  for  iron, 
and  $1  a  pound  for  steel.  He  carried  on  busi- 
ness in  Portland  until  1854,  and  from  1851 
until  that  time  was  also  engaged  in  steamboat- 
ing  on  the  Willamette  river,  having  served  as 
encfineer  on  the  second  steamboat  run  on  that 
river.  In  1854  he  established  the  pioneer 
blacksmith  shop  in  Vancouver,  where  he  does 
a  general  manufacturing  business,  both  in  wood 
and  iron.  Mr.  Marsh  is  associated  in  business 
with  his  son,  and  they  employ  several  skilled 
workmen.  In  addition  to  his  other  interests, 
he  owns  both  residence  and  business  property 
in  Vancouver,  and  among  tlie  public  buildings 


may 


be  mentioned  the  Standard  Theater,  which 


was  erected  in  1886,  and  has  a  seating  capacity 
of  1,000. 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


In  Ohio,  in  IS-tC,  Mr.  Marsh  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Marj  E.  Strong,  a  native  also  of 
Ohio.  They  have  had  eigiit  children,  five  now 
living:  Clara  JM.,  now  Mrs.  George  Whipple; 
Harriet,  wife  of  Lysander  reltoii;  John;  Jessie 
and  Samuel.  The  deceased  are:  Eugene,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  four  years;  William,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  years;  and  Jennie,  deceased 
in  infancy.  Mr.  Marsh  has  lieeu  ]iroininently 
identitied  with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
Vancouver  since  his  residence  here;  was  a  char- 
ter nieml)er  of  the  City  Council,  in  which  posi- 
tion he  served  nine  years,  and  from  185-4  to 
1S60  was  employed  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  in  the  United  States  Army.  Mr. 
Marsh  also  assisted  in  bringing  to  a  proper  set- 
tlement the  difference  between  the  Saint  James 
Catholic  Mission  and  the  site  of  the  city  of 
Vancouver. 

ri  MASA  S.  MILLER,  of  Seattle,  AVashing- 
//_,\.     ton,  was  born  in   Waldo  county,  Maine, 
JrW   August  5,  1826,  a  son  of  Uriah  and  Mary 
■f/  (Stetson)    Miller,    natives    also    of    that 

State.  The  parents  were  descended  from  the 
early  pioneers  of  Maine.  The  father  followed 
an  agricultural  life  until  the  great  gold  excitement 
of  1849,  when  he  joined  a  company  of  the  sturdy 
sons  of  Maine,  who  together  erected  a  ship  at 
Bath,  known  as  the  California  Packet,  loaded 
her  with  necessary  supplies,  and  started  on  their 
long  journey  around  Cape  Horn,  arriving  safely 
in  San  Francisco  in  April,  1850.  Mr.  Miller 
then  went  to  the  mines  in  Tuolumne  county, 
and  a  few  years  later  brought  liis  family  to  that 
State.  lie  continued  mining  for  about  eighteen 
years,  and  then  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life 
on  a  farm. 

Amasa  S.  Miller  improved  the  limited  means 
afforded  him  for  an  education,  and  remained 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
when,  in  January,  1847,  he  left  the  old  home, 
liis  capital  being  honesty,  integrity  and  sobriety. 
He  embarked  on  the  brig  Elizabeth  Watts  for 
New  Orleans,  and  was  there  engaged  as  assistant 
overseer  on  a  large  sugar  plantation  two  years. 
Mr.  Miller  nextfollowed  steam  boating  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  commencing  as  watchman,  but, 
by  steady  and  rapid  promotion  became  first 
mate.  In  April,  1849,  he  left  St.  Joseph,  Mis- 
souri, with  the  Cribson  Emigrant  Company, 
composed  of  fifty-two  men  and  a  line  outfit,  and 


crossed  the  plains  to  California,  personally  driv- 
ing a  six-mule  team.  The  train  was  well  man- 
aged, and  the  entire  distance  to  Hangtown  was 
traversed  in  sixty  days,  the  party  arriving  in 
that  city  about  July  9.  He  immediately  began 
mining,  later  joined  his  father,  and  they  con- 
tinued together  until  1858.  In  that  year  our 
subject  went  to  San  Francisco,  took  passage 
on  tlie  little  schooner  L.  P.  Foster,  and,  after  a 
journey  of  eleven  days,  arrived  at  Port  Gamble, 
Paget  Sound.  During  the  first  two  yeai-s  he 
assisted  in  the  erection  and  worked  in  Pope  & 
Taibor's  sawmill,  and  during  that  time  worked 
side  by  side  with  Cyrus  Walker.  Mr.  Miller 
was  next  engaged  in  logging  for  the  same  com- 
pany, and  also  by  contract  work,  until  1879. 

Mr.  Miller  was  one  of  the  repre.-eutative  men 
of  Kitsap  county,  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
by  the  Pepul»lican  party  in  18C0,  and  was  con- 
tinuously re-elected  for  nine  successive  terms. 
In  1879  lie  sold  his  possessions  in  that  county 
and  located  in  Seattle,  where  he  has  since  been 
engaged  in  the  real-estate  business.  He  also 
conducted  a  grocery  store  about  two  years.  In 
1881  our  subject  was  elected  to  the  Territorial 
Council,  has  served  as  Government  Surveyor 
four  years,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Common 
Council  of  Seattle  four  years.  After  the  adop- 
tion of  the  new  city  charter,  in  1889,  lie  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  first  Poard  of  Alder- 
men, and  became  president  of  that  body  during 
his  term  of  two  years. 

In  Port  Gamble,  in  1858,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Margaret  McElroy, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  but  reared  from  infancy  in 
Machias,  Maine.  She  removed  to  California  in 
February,  1858.  To  this  union  have  V)een  boin 
six  children,  Henry  Walker  Miller  Iiciiig  the 
only  one  living.  Mr.  Miller  has  bct-ii  Idug  con- 
nected with  tlie  Masonic  order,  in  which  he  has 
risen  to  the  distinguished  position  of  the  thirty- 
second  degree,  being  a  member  of  both  the 
Scottish  and  York  rites. 

'^■^■^ 

M  LLAN  RICHFIELD  CAMERON,  resi- 
Lj\    dent  of  Seattle  and  manager  of  the  whole- 
fr}k  sale  market  of   A.  J.  Splavvn  &  Co.,  was 
■r/  the  first  child    born   at    Richfield,  in  the 

celebrated  mining  district  of  Cariboo,  British 
Columbia,  this  notable  event  occurring  on  the 
25tii  of  October,  1862,  liis  parents  being  of 
Scotch  ancestry.     His   primary   education  w.'\s 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


conducted  at  Cariboo,  and  was  followed  by  four 
years  of  coutinnoiis  study  at  the  Catholic  Col- 
lege at  New  Westminster.  His  first  business 
experience  was  in  the  employ  of  Benjamin  Van 
Valkenburg,  of  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  a 
wholesale  butcher.  Our  subject  learned  the 
business  from  the  first  principles,  and  by  due 
diligence  ascended  the  scale  until  he  became 
bookkeeper  and  confidential  clerk,  remaining 
until  1890,  when  he  came  to  Seattle  and  en- 
gaged as  bookkeeper  of  the  Okanogan  Live 
Stock  &  Dressed  Beef  Company,  subsequently 
becoming  manager.  He  then  operated  the  busi- 
ness until  it  was  sold  out  to  A.  J.  Splawn  & 
Company,   wholesale  and  retail    butchers,  and 


continning  as  manager 


of.  their  market  in  Seat- 


tle, has  built  np  a  large  and  extended  business. 
A.  J.  Splawn  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  M-ho  engaged  in  the  stock 
business,  which  he  has  continued  in  a  very  e.\- 
tensive  and  successful  manner,  his  reputation 
making  him  one  of  the  best  known  stockmen  of 
the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Cameron  was  married  in  Victoria,  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  to  Miss  Minnie  McPherson,  niece 
of  John  A.  Cameron,  a  California  pioneer,  who 
also  passed  through  the  Fraser  river  gold  ex- 
citement, and  was  one  of  the  syndicate  who 
owned  the  Cameron  claim  at  Cariboo.  Because 
of  his  remarkable  success  at  placer  mining,  he 
became  generally  known  as  "Cariboo  Cameron." 
He  was  a  native  of  Canada,  and  there  took  his 
fortune  for  investment,  but  after  twenty  years 
absence,  through  unfortunate  speculations,  he 
was  again  reduced  to  penury,  when  visions  of 
the  golden  days  at  Cariboo  returned  to  him,  and, 
thou'gh  an  old  man,  with  inspired  enthusiasm, 
he  ao-ain  visited  Cariboo,  where  shortly  after  his 
arrival  he  sickened  and  died,  and  now  lies  buried 
upon  the  site  which  made  his  name  popular  and 
prominent. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cameron  have  one  child,  Allan 
and  John  Cameron. 


-'■mi 


JOHN  W.  BAKNETT,  Sheriff  of  Lewis 
county,  was  born  in  Lucas  county,  Iowa, 
Septe'mber  26,  1851,  a  son  of  James  W. 
and  Dinah  Baruett,  the  former  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia and  the  latter  of  Indiana.  The  father  was 
an  Iowa  pioneer  of  1849.  The  parents  now  i-e- 
side  in  Lewis  county,  Washington. 


James  W.  Barnett,  the  second  ih  a  family  of 
ten  children,  was  early  inured  to  farm  life.  lie 
moved  from  Iowa  to  Reno  county,  Kansas,  in 
1875,  followed  farming  there  three  years,  was 
employed  as  clerk  in  a  general  mercantile  store 
in  Portland,  Oregon,  two  years,  and  was  then 
connected  with  the  butchering  business  for  a 
brief  period.  In  1881  Mr.  Barnett  permanently 
located  in  Chehalis,  Washington,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  clerking  and  other  occupations  for  a 
time.  As  he  became  acquainted  with  the  citi- 
zens of  this  city  and  county  his  popularity 
brought  his  name  before  the  public,  and  he  was 
elected  City  Marshal,  serving  in  that  capacity 
three  years.  He  had  the  distinction  of  being  a 
member  of  the  first  City  Council  after  the  in- 
corporation of  Chehalis,  and  has  been  connected 
with  the  Sheriff's  ofiice  about  eight  years.  Mr. 
Barnett  first  served  as  a  deputy  under  Sheriff 
F.  A.  Degeler,  and  at  the  time  of  the  latter's 
resignation  was  appointed  to  fill  the  duties  of 
the  ofiice  by  the  County  Commissioners  in 
March,  1891.  He  was  re-elected  to  that  posi- 
tion in  1892.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in 
both  national  and  local  politics,  and  votes  with 
the  Republican  party.  In  his  social  relations 
he  lias  passed  all  the  official  chairs  in  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

November  23,  1870,  in  Iowa,  Mr.  Barnett 
M^as  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Dora  Benson,  a 
native  of  Ohio.  They  have  had  seven  children: 
Orien  E.,  Fletcher  O.,  Pearl,  Augusta  A., 
George,  Mamy  and  Minnie.  The  last  named 
died  August  1-4,  1886.  Mr.  Barnett  owns  both 
residence  and  business  property  in  Chehalis, 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  its  future  prosperity. 


fjff  ICHAEL  MARTIN,  of  Walla  Walla, 
m/X]  Washington,  was  born  in  Ireland,  Sep- 
Ij  tember  5,  1835,  a  son  of  John  and  Ann 
(Larkin)  Martin.  The  father  died  at 
the  acre  of  fifty  years,  leaving  eight  children. 
His  wife  survived  him  until  1888,  dying  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five  years. 

Michael  Martin  crossed  the  ocean  in  1863  on 
the  ship  Adriatic,  landing  on  the  free  soil  of 
America  in  New  York  when  a  young  man,  aud 
without  means.  He  spent  the  first  winter  in 
Connecticut,  the  following  spring  went  by 
steamer  to  San   Francisco,  where  he  worked   in 


BISTORT    OF    WASniNOTON. 


a  brick-yard  one  year,- and  then  spent  four  years 
in  the  mines  of  Helena,  Montana.  While  there 
he  worked  for  wages  a  part  of  the  time,  and 
afterward  engaged  in  mining  on  his  own  ac- 
count, meeting  witii  good  snccess.  In  1869. 
Mr.  Martin  purchased  land  and  began  farming 
on  Dry  creek,  in  Washington,  and  from  time  to 
time  added  to  his  original  purchase  until  he 
owned  a  half  section  of  land.  In  1890  he  sold 
a  part  of  his  farm,  and  bought  160  acres  three 
and  a  half  miles  southwest  of  Walla  Walla, 
where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  Martin  has  been 
afflicted  with  rheumatism  for  several  years,  and 
liis  farming  is  accomplished  by  hired  help. 

In  the  fall  of  1890  Mr.  Martin  returned  to 
Ireland  to  visit  his  old  friends,  and  in  October 
of  that  year  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Julia  Kelleher,  one  of  Ireland's  beautiful  and 
accomplished  ladies.  Her  parents  died  when 
she  was  small.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  have  two 
children,  viz.:  Emmet  Michael,  born  July  30, 
1891;  and  Albert  Andrew,  October  19,  1892. 
In  liis  political  relations  Mr.  Martin  affiliates 
with  the  Democratic  party. 


'jf\\R.  CYRUS  K.  MERKIAM,  Spokane, 
I  J]  Washington,  came  to  the  far  West  from 
~^  the  Pine  Tree  State.  His  more  than 
forty  years  of  life  liave  been  replete  with  study 
and  experience,  and  he  is  to-day  eminently  fitted 
for  the  lionorable  position  he  occupies  among 
talented  members  of  his  profession. 

Dr.  Merriam  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1848,  next 
to  the  youngest  in  the  family  of  eight  children 
of  Lewis  and  Mary  (Foss)  Merriam,  natives  of 
Massachusetts  and  Maine  respectively.  His  fa- 
ther, a  farmer  and  miller  by  occupation,  moved 
to  Maine  in  1832,  previous  to  his  marriage. 
Both  piarents  are  dead.  The  father  passed  away 
in  1889,  aged  eighty-four  years,  and  the  mother 
in  1880.     Their  ancestors  were  Euglisli. 

Dr.  Merriam  first  entered  Colby  University 
at  Waterville,  Maine,  where  he  graduated  in 
1875.  During  the  winter  of  1876^and  1877  he 
began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr. 
Cyrus  C'liamberlain,  under  whose  practical  tui- 
tion he  made  rapid  advancement,  and  immedi- 
ately after  attended  Bellevue  Medical  College, 
also  taking  the  second  course  of  lectures  at  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York;     After  receiving  his  degree 


of  M.  D.,  he  returned  to  Lowell,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  practiced  until  1880.  In  that  year 
he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  surgeon, 
United  States  Army,  and  was  detailed  to  fron- 
tier duty,  spending  several  years  at  AVhite  Bluffs, 
Camp  Chelan,  Fort  Spokane,  and  Fort  Colville. 
He  was  stationed  at  Fort  Spokane  from  1882  to 
1887,  and  there  resigned  his  position  in  tiie 
latter  year. 

Locating  in  this  city  in  1888,  he  commenced 
private  practice,  meeting  with  the  most  gratify- 
ing success.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of 
Spokane  County  Medical  Society  in  1888,  and 
after  two  years'  service  in  that  capacity  was 
made  president  of  the  State  Medical  Society, 
holding  tliat  otfice  until  1891.  He  had  helped 
to  organize  the  County  Medical  Society  in  1888, 
and  the  following  year  also  assisted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  State  Medical  Society,  of  which 
he  was  president  during  1890.  The  Doctor 
atfiliates  with  the  Republican  party. 

During  the  great  fire  that  swept  Spokane  in 
1889  Dr.  Merriam  was  burned  out.  He  has  in- 
vested largely  in  real  estate  here  and  has  made 
considerable  improvements  on  the  same.  lie  is 
jileasantiy  located  in  the  Granite  Block,  and  has 
the  i)atronage  of  a  large  and  infiuential  class  of 
I'esidents.  His  long  years  of  training  have  made 
jjim  a  thoroughly  practical  physician  and  sur- 
geon, and  his  services  are  constantly  in  demand. 
He  belongs  pre-eminently  to  tliaU'lass  of  physi- 
cians who  are  in  their  profession  because  they 
love  it.  The  practice  of  medicine  and  the  study 
atid  investigation  of  the  ever-varying  forms  of 
disease  afford  him  more  pleasure  than  he  could 
derive  in  any  other  way.  It  is  to  men  like  him 
that  humanity  is  indebted  for  the  progress  thus 
far  made  in  the  divine  art  of  healing. 


H.  SPALDING,  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Spalding  &  Brooks,  attorneys  and 
counselors  at  law,  Goldendale,  is  a  highly 
respected  memberof  the  bar  of  Klickitat  county, 
and  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  following  men- 
tion in  this  history:  He  was  born  in  Eaton 
county,  Michigan,  March  7,  1864,  a  son  of  Car- 
los and  Helen  (Andrews)  Spalding.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  in  1847  emigrated 
to  Michigan,  where  he  underwent  all  the  trials 
and   hardships    incident   to   pioneer   life.      His 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ancestry  is  traced  to  the  early  colonists  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  from  them  he  inherited 
those  sturdy  qualities  without  which  new  coun- 
tries would  not  be  developed,  and  frontiers  would 
have  no  receding  border.  Tlie  paternal  great- 
grandfather of  our  subject  was  a  valiant  soldier 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Helen  Andrews 
was  also  descended  from  an  old  New  England 
family  whose  members  participated  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary struggle.  In  1878  the  family  of  our 
subject  removed  to  Washington  and  settled  in 
Klickitat  county.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  common  schools,  and  in  1889  began  the 
study  of  law  under  the  direction  of  S.  T.  Rich- 
ardson, the  well-known  practitioner  of  Salem, 
Oregon,  fitting  himself  through  his  own 
efforts  for  the  university  he  entered  the  law  de- 
partment of  Willamette,  and  was  was  graduated 
in  1891.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  a  resident 
of  Goldendale,  and  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  Ambitious  for  suc- 
cess he  has  bent  every  energy  to  tit  himself  for 
the  profession,  and  by  close  application  to  the 
study  of  law  and  its  philosophy  lie  has  won  tlie 
reputation  of  a  wise  and  careful   counselor. 

In  politics  he  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  the 
issues  of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  of  Goldendale, 
and  is  the  present  chancellor  commander  of  that 
body. 

Mr.  Spalding  was  married  in  this  city,  Au- 
gust 22,  1888,  to  Miss  Mary  D.  Newland,  a 
native  of  Oregon.  They  have  had  two  children: 
Olof  G.  and  Helen,  who  died  Octob^er  7,  1890. 
Mr.  Spalding's  father  is  also  a  resident'of  Gold- 
endale, and  is  highly  esteemed  throughout  the 
community.  His  wife  died  in  1887,  greatly 
lamented  by  a  large  circle  of  appreciative  friends. 


-^^-*l 


M.  CHANDLER,  manager  of  the  Co- 
lumbia  Mercantile  Association's  Co-op- 
-J  erative  Store  No.  2,  of  Washougal,  was 
born  near  Chicago,  Illinois,  January  4,  1861,  a 
son  of  Luther  P.  and  Harriet  (Triggs)  Chandler, 
the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 
latter  of  England.  W.  M.,  the  second  in  a 
family  of  seven  children,  removed  with  his  par- 
ents to  Nebraska  in  1866;  four  years  later  lo- 
cated in  Oregon,  near  Corvallis,  that  State,  and 
completed  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Portland,     He    was  then    employed   as  a  clerk 


for  a  time,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  farm- 
ing in  Clarke  county,  Washington,  near  Mount 
Pleasant,  where  he  still  owns  160  acres  of  par- 
tially improved  land.  Mr.  Chandler  recently 
became  manager  of  the  Columbia  Mercantile 
Association's  store  in  Washougal,  which  was 
stocked  and  its  doors  opened  to  the  public  two 
and  a  half  years  ago.  They  carry  a  full  and 
complete  line  of  general  ineechandise  farm  im- 
plements, groceries,  and  all  kinds,  of  country 
produce. 

Mr.  Chandler  was  married  in  Clarke  county, 
in  1882,  to  Miss  Fannie  Graham,  a  native  of 
California.  They  have  four  children:  Elvin, 
Harry,  Agues  and  Hazel.  In  political  matters, 
Mr.  Chandler  is  identided  with  the  People's 
party,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  School 
Directors.  Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  No.  43,  of  La  Camas,  and  the  Pa- 
trons of  Husbandry,  No.  197. 


l(  LEXANDER  K.  McBROOM,  one  of  the 
l\  foremost  lawyers  of  Spokane,  Washing- 
^  ton,  and  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Mc- 
Broom  &  McBroom,  was  born  in  Geneseo, 
Illinois,  July  23,  1857.  He  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Hon.  James  and  Margretta  (Kaiser)  McBroom, 
natives  of  Ireland  and  Switzerland  respectively, 
his  mother's  family  being  literary  people.  His 
father,  a  tanner  by  trade,  is  one  of  the  prominent 
bankers  and  financiers  of  Geneseo,  he  having 
come  to  America  at  an  early  age  and  located  in 
Illinois. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  began  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and, 
after  successfully  passing  through  their  courses, 
entered  Antioch  College  at  Yellow  Springs, 
Ohio.  P'rom  there  he  went  to  the  State  Uni- 
versity at  Champaign,  Illinois,  there  complet- 
ing a  classical  course.  His  attention  from  the 
first  was  to  prepare  himself  for  the  practice  of 
law,  and  after  leaving  Champaign  he  went  to 
Chicago,  entering  the  Union  College  of  Law, 
from  which  he  emerged  with  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Laws. 

Deciding  that  the  West  offered  the  best  op- 
portunities for  a  young  man  in  his  profession, 
he  came  to  Washington  and  located  in  Spokane, 
in  1885,  at  once  establishing  himself  in  the 
practice  of  law.  Recently  he  became  associated 
with  his  brother,  J.  H.    McBroom,    under  the 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


firm  name  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  this 
sketch,  previous  to  this  time  having  practiced 
alone.  From  the  first  he  met  with  signal  suc- 
cess, and  he  now  enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  He  has  handled  some  of  tlie  largest 
estates  and  corporation  interests  in  Washington. 

During  liis  residencein  Spokane  Mr.  McBroom 
lias  made  some  excellent  investments  and  ac- 
quired consideraljje  property.  He  has  mining 
interests  in  both  Washington  and  British  Co- 
lumbia, and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  following  in- 
stitutions: the  SpokaneStreet  Railway  Company, 
p]lectric  Light  Company,  Washington  Water 
Power  Company,  and  the  Citizens'  National 
Bank. 

Mr.  McBroom  was  married  in  January,  1889, 
to  Miss  Jennie  Remington,  a  native  of  the  same 
place  in  which  he  was  born.  They  liave  one 
child,  Cassius  11.  Their  pretty  home,  "  Sage 
Cottage,  "  is  located  at  207  East  Third  avenue, 
Spokane. 

Politically,  Mr.  McBroom  is  a  Republican, 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  his  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Unitarian  society,  a  church  or- 
ganization. Personally,  he  is  nearly  six  feet 
tall,  is  easy  and  graceful  in  manner,  and  has  the 
bearing  of  a  thorough  gentleman.  He  is  of  a 
literary  turn  of  mind,  has  always  been  a  great 
student,  possesses  unusually  fine  conversational 
powers,  is  frank  and  cordial  with  all,  and  his 
many  estimable  traits  of  character  have  won  for 
him  liostsof  friends.  Mr.  McBroom  has  before 
him  a  future  which  promises  honorable  distinc- 
tion. 


'l^   E.  M.   STRlCKLAx\D,   manager  of  the 
P^     Pennsylvania    Mortgage   &  Investment 
Jj    ^  Company's  interests  at    Spokane,  Wash- 
^/  ington,  is  an  enterprising  and    popular 

young  man,  and  is  justly  entitled  to  some  con- 
sideration on  the  pages  uf  this  work.  The  com- 
pany lie  represents  has  a  capital  stock  of  3500,- 
000,  which  is  invested  chiefly  in  Washington 
and  Idaho.  It  is  one  of  the  most  reliable  firms 
in  the  Northwest,  and  annually  handles  an  im- 
mense amount  of  business. 

Mr.  Strickland  was  born  at  West  Chester, 
Pennsylvania,  August  11,  1867,  son  of  Nimrod 
and  Rose^(Gould)  Strickland,  both  natives  of 
the  Keystone  State.  His  father  was  a  lawyer, 
and  his  grandfather  was  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  Court  and  held  various  State  ofliices  dur- 


ing his  life  in  Pennsylvania.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  three  chil- 
dren. He  took  a  classical  course  in  the  academy 
at  West  Chester,  after  which  he  entered  the 
office  of  Hon.  R.  E.  Monaghan,  at  that  place, 
one  of  the  most  prominent  attorneys  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  remained  with  him  for  three  years. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1888  and  prac- 
ticed about  four  months.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  he  came  West  and  located  at  Spokane,  where 
he  has  since  remained.  Upon  his  arrival  here 
he  was  engaged  as  attorney  for  the  Pennsylva- 
nia, Mortgage  &  Investment  Company,  of  which 
he  is  at  present  the  efficient  manager. 

He  votes  w-ith  the  Democratic  party  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  political  matters. 


1-^8- 


5^C^ 


S.  BISHOP,  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  Klickitat  county',  was  born  in  New 
York,  in  1811,  a  son  of  J.  E.  and  Alva- 
nia  (Johnson)  Bishop,  natives  of  Ver- 
mont and  New  York.  They  were  married  in 
the  latter  State,  where  they  remained  until 
death.  Our  subject  spent  his  early  life  on  a 
farm  in  his  native  State,  but  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
live  years  removed  to  Michigan,  where  he  was 
first  engaged  in  carpentering  and  sawmilling, 
and  later  in  blaeksmithing  and  wagon-manu- 
facturing. October  5,  1874,  Mr.  Bishop  emi- 
grated with  his  family  to  California,  locating  at 
Petaluma,  Sonoma  county,  and  was  there  en- 
gaged at  carpentering  for  four  and  a  half  years. 
In  April,  1879,  they  located  at  Spring  Creek, 
five  miles  west  of  the  city  of  Goldendale, 
Klickitat  county,  Washington.  He  has  200 
acres  of  well  improved  land,  120  acres  of  which 
is  plowed,  and  the  remainder  is  used  as  pasture. 
In  addition  to  general  farming  and  stock-raising, 
Mr.  Bishop  is  also  engaged  in  the  milling  in- 
dustry, the  main  part  of  his  mill  being  30x36 
feet,  with  additions  24x80  feet  and  12x30  feet, 
located  on  Spring  creek,  with  a  capacity  of  10,000 
shingles  per  day:  he  also  manufactures  sash, 
doors  and  all  work  for  carpenter  building.  Spring 
creek  rises  from  two  springs  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  from  Mr.  Bishop's  home,  affords  sufficient 
water  for  the  mill,  and  extends  a  half  mile 
through  the  place,  giving  plenty  of  water  for 
the  stock.  His  large  two-story  residence,  16  x  32 
feet,  with  an  L,  22x62  feet,  is  situated  on  a 
natural  building  site,  and  is  feurrounded  by  shade 


HltiJORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  ornamental  trees.  He  also  lias  a  large  barn, 
52x62  feet,  besides  numerous  outbuildings  for 
poultry  and  stock.  The  farm  produces  a  quan- 
tity of  fruit  for  home  use. 

Mr.  Bishop  was  married  September  21,  1868, 
to  Miss  Desiah  J.  Spencer,  a  native  of  New 
York,  and  a  dau£;hter  of  J.  R.  and  Seniah 
(Hayes)  Spencer,  also  born  in  that  State.  They 
were  married  and  died  in  Michigan.  Our  sub- 
ject and  wife  have  one  child,  Octavia  J.,  born 
in  Petaluraa,  California,  in  November,  1877. 
Mr.  Bisiiop  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Gol- 
dendale  Lodge,  No.  15,  and  his  wife  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Rebekah  degree.  In  political  matters, 
he  is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  school,  township  and 
county  affairs. 


^^^^- 


D\  T.  DREWRY,  a  prosperous  farmer  and 
j  stock-raiser  near  Olympia,  and  one  of  the 
— -  oldest  pioneers  of  Washington,  was  born 
in  Kentucky  November  6,  1836.  He  is  essen- 
tially a  self-made  man,  having  been  left  an  or- 
phan at  the  early  age  of  six,  and  his  career  may 
well  serve  as  an  example  to  all  poor  and  deserv- 
ing young  men  as  illustrating  what  industry 
and  perseverance  can  accomplish. 

His  parents,  S.  O.  and  Elizabeth  Drewry,  died 
in  Kentucky,  after  which  the  subject  of  this 
this  sketch  made  his  home  with  an  iincle, 
who  resided  on  a  farm  in  Nodaway  county, 
Missouri.  While  there  he  was  engaged  in  farm 
work  and  in  attendance  at  the  district  schools, 
when,  on  arriving  at  young  manhood  he  began 
working  for  himself,  being  variously  employed 
until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  Having 
by  this  time  heard  of  the  marvelous  opportuni- 
ties of  the  Northwest,  he  left  Missouri  on  May 
1,  1853,  for  this  untried  land.  He  crossed  the 
plains,  and  in  August  of  the  same  year 
arrived  in  the  Willamette  Valley,  Oregon, 
where  he  secured  work.  He  remained  here  but 
a  short  time,  however,  and  we  next  find  him  in 
Olympia,  Washington.  Having  crossed  the 
plains  with  Colonel  William  Cock,  Mr.  Drewry 
now  commenced  work  for  that  gentleman  as  a 
carpenter,  to  assist  in  building  a  hotel  in  Olym- 
pia known  as  the  Pacific  House,  in  which  Mr. 
Drewry  remained  in  the  employ  of  Colonel 
Cock  for  more  than  two  years.  He  was  then 
employed    with    a    surveying    party  for  a  few 


months,  after  which,  in  1855,  he  joined  a  com- 
pany of  rangers,  under  command  of  Captain  G. 
Eaton,  and  served  in  the  ranks  two  months,  and 
afterward  in  the  Commissai-y  department  for 
about  three  months.  This  was  during  the  In- 
dian war  in  Washington  Territory. 

After  the  war,  IMr.  Drewry  worked  at  general 
labor  around  Olympia  and  in  Thurston  county 
for  about  three  years,  being  engaged  during  the 
year  1857  on  a  farm  owned  by  Smith  Weed, 
situated  seven  miles  from  Olympia.  He  was 
married  in  1858  to  Emeline  Weed,  his  employ- 
er's daughter,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  born  in 
1841.  Her  parents  also  were  both  natives  of 
that  State,  her  mother's  maiden  name  having 
been  Abigail  Simmons.  Smith  Weed  died  in 
1875;  his  widow  yet  lives  and  makes  her  home 
with  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  has  a  large 
farm,  well  stocked  with  cattle  and  horses.  Dur- 
ing his  residence  on  the  farm,  he  was  at  one 
time  for  three  years  interested  largely  in  a  livery 
barn  in  Olympia,  but  now  devotes  his  entire  at- 
tention to  his  agricultural  and  stock  interests. 
He  has  three  sons:  A.  D.,  E.  V.  and  H.  ().,  the 
last  being  the  only  one  who  is  married. 

Thus  briefly  are  given  the  leading  events  of  an 
eminently  useful  life,  whose  efl:brts  have  all  been 
along  the  line  of  self-improvement  and  benefit 
to  his  fellow  men. 

\  IJlLLIAM  H.  HALE,  a  highly  respected 
vi/  resident  of  Klickitat  county,  Washing- 
^  ton,  was  born  at  Huntsville,  Randolph 
county,  Missouri,  July  10,  1836,  a  son  of  Israel 
F.  and  Veronica  (Keeper)  Hale;  the  father  be- 
longed to  an  old  family  of  Marlborough,  Con- 
necticut, where  he  was  born;  and  the  mother 
was  a  native  of  Harper's  Ferry,  a  descendant  of 
Irish  ancestors.  William  H.  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  county  in  which  he  was  born,  and 
was  there  reared  to  the  occupation  of  a  farmer ; 
his  father  was  also  an  agriculturist,  but  during 
his  life  had  taught  school  and  had  been  engaged 
in  mercantile  trade. 

In  1878  Mr.  Hale  left  his  old  home  and  came 
to  the  far  West,  locating  at  Klickitat  county, 
Washington;  for  a  year  he  lived  on  a  ranch  on 
the  Columbia  river  just  above  Columbus;  he 
then  took  a  piece  of  railroad  land,  and  four 
years  afterward  bought  a  settler's  right  to  his 
present  farm;  here  he  has  340  acres,  devoted  to 


BISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


497 


the  general  purposes  of  agriculture;  lie  has  given 
especial  attention  to  the  growing  of  grains,  and 
has  tested  to  the  farthest  limit  the  resources  of 
soil  and  climate  in  this  branch  of  husbandry. 

lie  was  united  in  marriage  in  liandolph 
county,  Missouri,  December  7,  1859,  to  Miss 
Jennie  Wallace,  a  native  of  Maury  county,  Ten- 
nessee, and  daughter  of  Allen  and  Anna  Wal- 
lace. Six  children  have  been  born  to  them: 
Arthur;  Sarah,  wife  of  A.  W.  BuUocii;  Mary 
Josephine,  wife  of  George  H.  Darling;  Annie, 
widow  (if  Wilson  T.  Bullock;  William  and  Jnlia. 

Although  Mr.  Hale  is  not  regarded  as  a  poli- 
tician, he  has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  wel- 
fare and  improvement  of  the  community,  and  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  progressive  and 
enterprising  citizens  of  Klickitat  county. 


JOSEPH  GREEJSJ,  Colonel  of  the  First 
Regiment  National  Guards  of  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  England,  August  28, 
1854.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Jane  (Smith) 
Green,  of  English  ancestry,  emigrated  with  their 
children  to  America  in  1859,  and  started  at  once 
for  the  Pacilic  coast,  traveling  by  rail  to  Omaha, 
thence  across  the  plains  by  ox  teams.  They 
spent  the  winter  in  Eush  valley,  sixty  miles 
west  of  Salt  Lake  city,  and  in  the  spring  of  1861 
continued  their  travels  and  arrived  at  Sacra- 
n)ento  on  the  first  day  of  June.  They  located 
in  Oakland,  when  Mr.  Green  engaged  in  the 
produce  business. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  high  school  and  business  college  of  Oak- 
land, securing  the  more  practical  knowledge  of 
business  affairs  as  clerk  and  assistant  to  his  fa- 
ther. In  1883  our  snbject  came  to  Seattle, 
then  a  town  of  about  6,000  inhabitants.  Heat 
once  engaged  in  the  produce  business,  upon  a 
small  scale,  and  is  to-day  the  oldest  produce 
merchant  in  the  city  by  right  of  continuous 
business  connection.  In  1884  he  organized  and 
established  the  Northwest  Fruit  Company,  of 
which  lie  has  continued  as  proprietor  and  mana- 
ger. He  handles  both  citrus  and  deciduous 
traits  and  farm  products,  excepting  hay  and 
grain,  conducting  an  extensive  business  through- 
out the  State  of  \Yashington  and  British  Colum- 
bia. He  has  also  been  connected  with  many 
of  the  organizations  which  have  been  carried 
forward  by  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Seattle 


in  their  efforts  to  further  thecity's  development, 
and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  progressive  pub- 
lic-spirited citizens  of  Seattle.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Seattle  in  1883,  to  Miss  Zoe  E.  Berry,  a 
native  of  Maine.  Two  children  have  blessed 
this  union:  Hazel  and  Joseph,  Jr. 

The  military  experience  of  Colonel  Green  was 
commenced  in  1875,  when  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany A,  Fifth  Infantry,  JS'ational  Guards  of 
California.  He  resigned  on  the  19th  day  of 
June,  1883,  as  First  Lieutenant  and  with  the 
organization  of  the  Seattle  Rifles,  now  known 
as  Company  B,  First  Regiment,  JS'ational  Guard 
of  Washington,  on  the  15th  of  April,  1884. 
Mr.  Green  was  elected  First  Lieutenant  and 
Captain  upon  the  4th  day  of  November  follow- 
ing. He  held  this  commission  np  to  May  25, 
1891,  when  he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  on  the  24th  day  of  March,  1892,  he  was 
made  Colonel  of  the  regiment,  which  is  com- 
posed of  ten  companies  and  GOO  men  including 
officers.  In  tactics  and  general  efficiency  the 
regiment  is  well  regarded  in  military  circles. 
Socially,  Colonel  Green  affiliates  with  Uniform 
Rank,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  holds  commis- 
sion of  Captain  of  Seattle  Division,  No.  1. 


J 


-^^^^i^^^^^f^r^k^ 


JOHN  Y.  OSTRANDER,  one  of  the  active 
)ractitioners  of  the  Seattle  bar,  was  born 


upon 


his  father's   donation    claim  on  the 


Cowlitz  river,  Cowlitz  county,  Washington, 
April  26,  1857,  and  was  the  eighth  child  and 
only  son  in  the  family  of  eleven  children.  A 
detailed  sketch  concerning  his  father,  Dr.  Na- 
thaniel Ostrander,  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
history.  John  Y.  remained  with  his  parents 
upon  the  farm  and  attended  the  schools  of  the 
locality  up  to  1872.  He  then  removed  to  Olym- 
pia  and  attended  the  city  schools  for  three  years, 
when  he  began  reading  law  in  the  office  of  Judge 
B.  F.  Dennison,  and  after  one  year  went  to 
Portland  and  into  the  office  of  Judge  AVilliam 
Strong,  remaining  about  two  years,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Olympia,  and  being  too  young  for  ad- 
mission he  assisted  John  P.  Judson  with  his 
practice  up  to  July,  1878,  and  was  then  admitted 
to  the  bar.  Mr.  Ostrander  then  entered  part- 
nership with  Judge  Dennison,  which  association 
continued  one  year,  when  the  Judge  went  to 
Portland  and  our  subject  operated  alone. 


UlbTOMY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


He  was  married  in  April,  1880,  to  Miss  Fan- 
nie F.  Crosby,  a  native  of  Tuniwater  and  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  Claurick  Crosby,  a  pioneer  of 
1849.  After  marriage  Mr.  Ostrander  removed 
to  Dayton,  Washington,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1881  lie  became 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Dayton  News,  which 
he  published  one  3'ear,  when  the  office  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  and  the  paper  discontinned.  In 
November,  1882,  he  was  elected  Probate  Judge, 
and  re-elected  in  November,  1881.  During  this 
period  he  acted  as  City  Attorney  for  eighteen 
months  and  City  Magistrate  for  a  like  term,  and 
at  the  same  time  continued  a  general  practice. 
In  May,  1886,  he  resigned  the  otHce  of  Probate 
Judge  to  accept  the  appointment  by  Piesident 
Cleveland  as  Registrar  of  the  United  States  Land 
Office  then  located  at  Olyinpia.  In  December, 
1887,  Mr.  Ostrander  removed  the  office  to  Seattle 
and  continued  as  Ilegistrar  up  to  May,  1888, 
when  he  resigned  that  he  might  engage  actively 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His  resigna- 
tion was  accepted  but  his  release  was  not  secured 
until  December,  1888,  since  which  time  lie  has 
followed  a  land-law  practice  before  the  Land 
Department  and  the  United  States  courts.  His 
practice  has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent  in 
the  State,  and  he  has  been  connected  with  many 
of  the  most  prominent  in  the  State,  and  he  has 
been  connected  with  many  of  the  most  import- 
ant land  litigations.  He  was  one  of  the  incor- 
porators and  has  continued  as  Vice-President  of 
the  Commercial  National  Bank  of  Seattle,  and 
also  possesses  valuable  real-estate  interests  about 
the  city.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.,  being  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  and 
a  member  of  Mystic  Shrine,  also  prominent  as 
a  K.  of  P.,  having  served  two  years  as  Deputy 
Grand  Chancellor  of   Eastern  Washington. 

In  politics  the  Judge  is  Democratic  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  every  campaign.  He  was 
honored  by  his  party  as  tlie  nominee  to  the  first 
State  Legislature,  and  though  running  several 
hundred  ahead  of  his  ticket  was  defeated,  the 
county  casting  a  strong  Republican  vote. 


Il  J.  HEALY,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Van- 
^  J  couver  Fire  Department,  also  a  dealer  in 
's^  stoves,  tin  and  iron  ware,  was  born  in 
Clarke  county,  Washington,  September  5,  1862, 
a  son  of  Daniel   and  Bridget  (Padden)  Healy, 


natives  of  Ireland,  but'  both  now  deceased.  J. 
J.  Healy,  their  only  son,  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  native  county,  finished  his  collegiate 
course  in  1880,  and  then  apprenticed  himself  to 
the  tinner  and  plumbers'  trade,  which  he  fol- 
lowed as  a  journeyman  seven  years.  In  1888 
he  established  himself  in  his  present  business 
on  Main  street,  carrying  a  large  stock  of  tinware 
and  housekeepers'  goods.  Mr.  Healy  has  been 
connected  with  the  City  Fire  Department  for 
many  years,  and  until  recently  has  been  its 
Foreman.  At  the  meeting  of  the  City  Council 
in  January,  1893,  he  was  unanimously  elected 
Chief  of  the  Department,  and  it  is  the  convic- 
tion of  the  citizens  of  Vancouver,  judging  from 
his  past  services  rendered  the  department,  that 
it  was  a  wise  choice.  Mr.  Healy  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  the  general  welfare 
of  his  city  and  county,  is  a  man  of  progressive 
views  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  develop- 
ment of  Vancouver,  and  in  political  matters  is 
a  stanch  and  active  Democrat. 

June  27,  1889,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Catherine  McHale,  a  native  of  Illi- 
nois. They  have  three  children:  Joseph  J., 
Harry  D.  and  William  A. 


d|OHN  N.  KLINE,  proprietor  of  the  Eagle 
\  Wine  Rooms  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 
^  Germany,  May  11,  1854,  a  son  of  Jacob 
and  Catherine  (Danier)  Kline.  John  N.,  the 
third  in  a  family  of  si.\  cliildren,  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1877,  and  enlisted  as  a  musician  in  the 
Second  United  States  Cavah-y,  serving  princi- 
pally in  Dakota.  He  then  engaged  in  business 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  one  year,  after  which  he 
returned  to  New  York  city,  and  thence  to  Ger- 
many, remaining  in  the  latter  country  nineteen 
months.  After  again  coming  to  America  Mr. 
Kline  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth  United  States 
Infantry  Band,  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Fort 
Vancouver  February  14,  1885,  and  was  dis- 
charged at  this  place  February  14,  1890.  He 
had  engaged  in  business  in  Vancouver  in  1889, 
and  he  now  owns  both  business  and  residence 
property,  is  prominent  in  business  circles,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Vancouver  Loan  and 
Driving  Park  Associations. 

April  3,  1890,  Mr.  Kline  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Lena  Surber,  a  native  of  Ger- 


HiSlORT    OF    WASHtNGfoN. 


499 


many.  They  have  one  daughter,  Catherine  L. 
In  his  social  relations  Mr.  Kline  affiliates  with 
the  Sons  uf  Hermann,  is  Treasurer  of  the  I.  O. 
R.  M.,  and  fills  an  official  chair  in  the  regular 
Army  and  Navy  Union. 


HARLES  D.  BOWLES,  Prosecuting  At- 
torney of  Vancouver,  was  born  in  this 
city,  April  4,  1864,  a  son  of  Jesse  T.  and 
Minerva  (Wilson)  Bowles,  natives  of  Missouri. 
The  father  was  a  Washington  pioneer  of  1849, 
and  the  mother  of  1845.  The  former  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation. 

Charles  D.,  the-  second  in  a  family  of  four 
children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  Clarke 
county,  and  completed  his  course  at  the  State 
University  of  Oregon  in  1882.  Soon  afterward 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  Strong  &  Strong  at 
Portland,  (Oregon,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1885,  and  continued  in  practice  in  that  city 
nntil  1890.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Bowles  has 
enjoyed  a  lucrative  and  growing  practice  in 
Vancouver.  He  has  been  very  successful  in  his 
chosen  profession,  and  liis  preference  is  for 
criminal  cases.  Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  and 
active  Democrat,  and  in  November,  1892,  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney. 
Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  Red  Men  and  the 
O.  U.  A.  M. 

At  Albany,  Oregon,  June  17,  1888,  Mr. 
Bowles  was  joined  in  marriage  with  Miss  Al- 
meda  Thompson,  a  native  of  Tennessee.  They 
have  two  children:  Jesse  C.  and  Ward  R.  Al- 
though comparatively  a  young  man,  our  subject 
has  made  rapid  progress  in  his  profession,  and 
has  laid  the  foundation  of  a  prosperous  and  act- 
ive professional  career,  and  his  ability  has  been 
duly  recognized  by  the  community. 

FRANK  W.  HASTINGS,  second  son  of 
Loren  B.  and  Luciuda  (Bingham)  Hast- 
—  ings,  was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  No- 
vember 12,  1848,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  citi- 
zens of  Port  Townsend  born  in  the  Northwest. 
He  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  attending  the 
brief  term  of  winter  school,  and  completing  his 
studies  at  the  Territorial  University  at  Seattle. 
In  the  spring  of  1867  he  began  clei'king  in  his 


father's  store,  and  in  1869  went  to  the  White 
Pine  mines  in  Nevada.  After  an  unsuccessful 
period  at  prospecting  he  traveled  through  south- 
ern Utah,  and  then  returned  to  Port  Townsend 
and  mercantile  life.  In  1874,  in  partnership 
with  his  brother,  Oregon  C,  he  assumed  man- 
agement of  their  father's  store,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Hastings  Bros.,  and  continued  two 
years,  then  sold  out  to  C.  C.  Bartlett,  and  they 
engaged  in  farming,  which  was  carried  on  till 
1885. 

Our  subject  then  returned  to  mercantile  life 
as  salesman  for  three  years,  then  leased  the 
water  front  foot  of  Tyler  street,  built  the  Hast- 
ings dock  and  conducted  a  commission  business 
very  successfully  for  two  years,  when  he  sold 
out  and  eiigaoril  in  the  real-estate  business  and 
the  nianiioiiiicnf  uf  his  private  affairs.  He  was 
the  fir^t  pi'(>,~id.-iLt  of  the  Port  Townsend  Elec- 
tric Street  Railway  and  Light  and  Power  Com- 
pany, and  built  five  miles  of  electric  railrojul. 
He  is  also  vice-president  of  the  Hastings  Lum- 
ber and  Manufacturing  Company,  vice-president 
of  the  Hastings  Estate  Company,  and  associated 
with  the  many  interests  of  town  development 
in  the  improvement  of  business  and  residence 
property. 

He  was  married  at  Port  Townsend,  in  1872, 
to  Miss  Mabel  Littlefield,  of  Maine. 

Socially,  Mr.  Hastings  affiliates  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and 
in  November,  1890,  was  elected  State  Senator 
for  a  period  of  four  years. 


JUDSON  APPLEGATE,  one  of  the  iirom- 
inent  lawyers  of  Tacoma,  was  born  at 
Utica,  New  York,  April  29,  1835,  and  is 
a  son  of  Furman  and  Emily  J.  (Fox)  Applegate. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  Mont- 
gomery county.  New  York,  and  received  his 
educational  training  at  Antioch  College,  Yel- 
low Springs,  Ohio,  where  he  was  graduated   in 

1862.  He  taught  school  for  a  short  time,  and 
then  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he  began  the 
reading  and  practicing  of  law  with  Judge  Jona- 
than C.  Applegate,  a  second  cousin.  He  was 
admitted    to    the   bar  at   Frankfort,  Indiana,  in 

1863.  He  practiced  at  Delphi,  Indiana,  for 
many  years,  and  was  recognized  in  that  State  as 
one  of  its  ablest  lawyers.  He  came  to  Tacoma 
in  March,  1889,  and  now  ranks  among  the  most 


Ul  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


snccessf  nl  and  prominent  members  of  the  Wash- 
ington bar,  maintaining  a  practice  in  both  State 
and  Federal  courts. 

He  has  served  as  Master  of  Mount  Olive 
Lodge,  No.  48,  F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Delphi,  Indiana, 
and  now  affiliates  with  State  Lodge,  No.  68, 
Tacoma. 

TIUDGE  JAMES  L.  CROTTY.— Prominent 
hy^  among  the  lawyers  of  the  great  Northwest 
^dJ  none  are  better  known  than  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Judge  James  L.  Grotty,  of  Spokane, 
Washington,  who  was  born  in  New  London, 
Huron  county,  Ohio,  September  15,  1862,  and 
who  is  pre-eminently  a  self-made  man.  He  was 
educated  principally  by  his  mother,  Mrs.  Kate 
M.  Grotty,  whom  above  all  others  he  deligiits 
to  honor  for  all  that  he  has  accomplished.  He 
studied  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  George 
L.  Gonverse,  of  Golumbus,  Ohio,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  that  State. 

At  an  early  age  he  evinced  a  great  aptitude 
for  politics,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Gonventioii  in  Ohio  in  1878  and 
1879.  Before  he  became  of  age,  during  the 
year  1879,  he  removed  to  Colorado  and  finally 
settled  in  Denver.  There  he  was  assigned  by 
the  court  to  defend  the  men  charged  with  mur- 
der in  connection  witb  the  great  Chinese  riots 
in  Denver  in  1880,  and  after  a  long  and  bitter 
struggle,  battling  with  the  ablest  criminal  law- 
yers in  the  West,  succeeded  in  securing  their 
acquittal.  In  conducting  this  case  he  demon- 
strated his  ability  as  a  lawyer  and  eloquent  ad- 
vocate of  great  power,  and  immediately  became 
popular  as  well  as  prominent.  Owing  to  his 
great  popularity  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
Judge  when  barely  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
running  several  hundred  votes  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  and  being  the  only  Democrat  elected. 
At  the  time  of  his  election  he  was  Chairman  of 
the  Democratic  Central  Committee;  but,  being 
in  favor  of  a  protective  tariff,  and  not  in  accord 
with  his  party,  he  joined  the  Republican  party, 
cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Hon.  James 
G.  Blaine,  and  has  ever  since  been  an  uncom- 
promising Republican  and  protectionist  and  an 
earnest  advocate  of  free  coinage  of  silver.  Since 
he  retired  from  the  bench  he  has  steadfastly  re- 
fused to  be  a  candidate  for  any  office. 

He  went  from  Colorado  to  California  in  1885, 
and  engaged  in  railroading  and  newspaper  work 


for  several  years.  He  was  interested  in  the 
famous  Mexican  land  grant,  and,  through  the 
rapacity  of  the  Mexican  Government,  lost  a  for- 
tune. He  came  to  Washington  in  1887,  and 
has  resided  here  ever  since. 

Judge  Grotty  has  always  manifested  great 
interest  in  the  labor  question,  and  practically 
managed  the  strike  on  the  Northern  Pacitic  in 
1889,  which  resulted  in  a  complete  victory  for 
the  employes  and  efTected  a  great  increase  in 
their  wages.  In  this  contest  he  displayed  the 
same  tact,  firmness  and  generalship  that  has 
always  characterized  him  in  any  emergency; 
and  it  was  through  his  courage  and  fidelity  to 
duty  and  right  that  his  efforts  were  crowned 
with  victory.  His  devotion  to  the  cause  of  the 
railroad  men  won  him  their  ■  lasting  gratitude, 
and  among  that  class  his  friends  are  legion. 
He  M'as  attorney  for  Coleman,  in  the  La  Grande 
murder  case  in  Oregon,  being  employed  by  the 
railroad  and  Union  Telegraph  companies,  and 
secufed  the  acquittal  of  his  client  after  a  trial 
lasting  a  month.  He  has  an  extensive  practice, 
principally  damage  suits  for  railroad  enxployes 
and  criminal  cases,  and  is  remarkably  success- 
ful. He  is  also  attorney  for  several  large 
mining  con\panies.  He  is  one  of  the  sturdiest 
members  of  the  Republican  party,  and  his 
counsel  is  much  sought  for.  At  present  he  is 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  Central  Committee 
in  Spokane. 

Personally,  Judge  Grotty  is  of  fine  presence 
and  genial  disposition,  and  is  courteous  to  all. 
He  is  an  enthusiast  in  any  cause  he  espouses. 
In  Washington  he  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
foremost  young  lawyers,  and  is  destined  to  fill 
an  important  place  in  her  history. 

P)ERRY  GRIFFIN,  representative  of  the 
Union  Pacific  system  in  Spokane,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Niles,  Michigan,  in 
1844,  son  of  Robert  and  Sarah  Griffin, 
natives  of  ^q^  York.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Chicago,  and  as  early  as 
1857  commenced  railroading,  in  which  business 
he  has  since  been  engaged.  In  1866  he  was 
employed  in  the  passenger  department  of  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railway,  being  located  at 
Kansas  City,  Missouri.  Since  then  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  Illinois  Central,  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 


HI  STORY    OF    WAsniNOrON. 


501 


Pacific,  Wabash,  and  Union  Pacific  roads.  In 
1889  he  came  West  to  take  the  position  of  gen- 
eral agent  for  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railway;  but  the  Union  Pacific  company  which 
was  then  completing  its  line  into  Spokane, 
secured  his  services  for  its  new  territory,  and 
he  has  remained  with  this  great  transconti- 
nental line  ever  since.  In  railroad  cii'cles  Mr. 
Gritlin  is  too  well  and  favorably  known  to  need 
any  further  introduction.  To  the  traveling  pub- 
lic and  commercial  world  of  this  city  and  its 
tributary  country  he  is  an  old  and  valued  friend. 
The  pioneer  route  which  he  represents  has  its 
interests  well  and  faithfully  cared  for,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  he  may  serve  the  system  for 
many  yeai-s  to  come.  Since  he  located  in  Spo- 
kane Mr.  Griffin  has  made  hosts  of  friends,  and 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  popular  -men  in 
the  State. 

Mr.  Griffin  was  married  in  Niles,  Michigan, 
to  Miss  Emma  J.  Cook,  whose  father  is  one  of 
the  best  known  editors  in  that  State. 


D 


R.  R.  L.  THOMSON,  one  of  Spokane's 
])hy8icians,  confines  his  practice  to  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  and  ear.  He  is  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry. 
His  parents  died  while  he  was  a  child,  and  since 
l)oyhood  he  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world. 
He  graduated  as  a  physician  and  surgeon  at  the 
Kentncky  School  of  Medicine,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, winning  the  first  honors  of  his  class. 
Shortly  after  graduating  he  was  elected  to  till 
the  chair  of  anatomy  in  his  alma  mater.  He 
occupied  this  position  five  years,  engaging  in 
general  practice  during  this  time.  In  1885  he 
started  for  Europe,  but,  finding  what  he  wished 
in  New  York,  he  entered  the  service  in  tlie 
Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  and  soon  be- 
came Assistant  House  Surgeon  and  then  House 
Surgeon.  He  left  the  Manhattan  Hospital  in 
1888  and  opened  an  office  in  St.  Louis  to  prac- 
tice his  specialty.  He  remained  in  St.  Louis 
about  two  years,  where  he  made  many  friends 
and  established  for  himself  a  good  business. 
For  eighteen  months  he  edited  the  Weekly 
Medical  Review,  and  in  1888  he  was  elected  to 
fill  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Medical  Association. 

In  1889  Dr.  Thomson  learned  of  the  wonder- 
ful  resources  of  Washington,  and   seeing  the 


advantages  to  be  gained  by  being  a  pioneer  in 
his  line  in  such  a  productive  field,  he  de- 
termined to  make  Spokane  his  home.  He  came 
here  when  the  city  was  in  tents,  and  has  built 
up  a  fine  Itnsiuess.  He  now  occupies  the  posi- 
tions of  member  of  the  Board  of  Health  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Spokane  County  Medical  So- 
ciety. 


FRANK  H.  WINSLOW,  a  resident  of 
Seattle,  was  born  in  Caledonia  county, 
—  Vermont,  April  20,  18o4:.  His  parents, 
Josiah  H.  and  Fanny  (ICnigiit)  Winslow,  were 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire, 
respectively,  descended  from  Puritan  stock. 
Josiah  H.  removed  to  Vermont  in  boyhood  and 
passed  his  life  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

Frank  H.  attended  the  schools  of  his  native 
county  until  his  seventeenth  year,  then  struck 
out  in  life  for  self-support,  and  going  to  Boston 
secured  a  clerkship  and  followed  mercantile 
pursuits  up  to  P'ebniary,  1860,  when  he  started 
for  the  Pacific  coast,  sailing  from  New  York  by 
steamer  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Duly  ar- 
riving in  San  Francisco  he  passed  the  summer 
and  fall  in  and  about  the  city,  and  in  January, 
1861,  embarked  on  a  sailing  vessel  bound  for 
Puo-et  Sound.  He  was  then  employed  by  the 
Port  Discovery  Mill  Company  up  to  June,  1870, 
when  lie  entered  tlie  customs  service  as  United 
States  Inspector  with  heachjuarters  at  Port 
Townsend.  Continuing  in  that  capacity  until 
1883,  he  was  then  transferred  to  Seattle  in  tlie 
performance  of  like  duties.  In  1887  he  was 
appointed  Deputy  United  States  Collector  of 
Customs  of  the  port  of  Seattle  and  so  continued 
up  to  October,  1889,  when  his  resignation  was 
tendered  and  accepted.  His  period  of  service 
covered  nearly  twenty  years,  and  the  duties  of 
his  office  were  discharged  with  the  utmost  regu- 
larity and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  liis  su- 
perior officers.  He  was  among  the  few  Repub- 
licans who  continued  to  hold  office  through  the 
Cleveland  administration.  In  October,  1889, 
he  began  dealing  in  real  estate  and  platted  ten 
acres  on  the  Green  Lake  car  line  known  as  motor 
No.  3  addition.  In  November,  1891,  he  became 
agent  for  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  Starr,  and  when  the  Starr 
estate  was  taken  from  probate,  in  January,  1893, 
Mr.  Winslow  was  appointed  agent  of  the  entire 
estate,  as  represented  in  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton. 


HlHTORT    OF    WASBINGIV]^. 


Mr.  Winslow  was  married  iu  Seattle,  in  July, 
1885,  to  Dr.  Mary  Q.  E.  Brown,  a  native  of 
Iowa,  and  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department 
of  the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor. 
They  have  three  children:  I'rank  E.,  Harvey  C. 
and  Ella  P.  Socially  Mr.  Winslow  affiliates 
with  the  Lodge  of  Perfection, — Scottish  Rite, — 
V.  &  A.  M.  He  is  also  identified  with  the  Pi- 
oneer society  of  Washington. 


ni  NDREW  J.  FROST,  a   Washington  pio- 

//_1\    neer  and  a   prosperous   farmer,  of  Pierce 

Ij^    county,  near  Hillhurst,  was  born  in  An- 

V  drew    county,    Missouri,   in     1833.      In 

1844,  when  he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  his  par- 
ents left  Andrew  county  fur  Oregon,  bnt  the 
mother  never  reached  their  destination,  her 
death  taking  place  at  a  point  called  Ash  Hollow, 
where  she  was  buried,  far  from  human  habita- 
tion and  from  all  that  was  dear.  The  bereaved 
father  was  thus  left  with  live  children,  the  old- 
est of  whom  was  thirteen  years  and  the  young- 
est but  six  weeks. 

They   arrived    at   Oregon    City,  in    January, 

1845,  where  they  remained  until  the  AV^hitman 
massacre  and  the  outbreak  of  the  Indian  war. 
Andrew,  then  a  hid  of  about  thirteen,  enlisted 
with  the  volunteers  under  Colonel  Gillnian,  and 
witnessed  iu  Oregon  City  the  hanging  of  five 
Indians  for  the  massacre  of  the  Whitman  colony. 
In  1851,  Andrew  moved  with  his  father  to 
Lewis  county,  Washington,  and  tlience  to  tlie 
Chehalis  river,  near  the  present  site  of  Chehalis. 
From  there  they  later  removed  to  Frost's 
prairie,  in  Thurston  county,  where  Andrew  re- 
mained with  his  father  until  the  outbreak  of 
the  Indian  war  in  1855,  wlien  he  again  took  up 
arms,  enlisting  under  Captain  Hays.  His  com- 
pany was  ordered  to  Steilacoom  and  mustered 
into  regular  service  under  Captain  Malony. 
After  the  close  of  the  war,  Andrew  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Pierce  county,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided,  with  the  exception  of  four  years  spent 
with  his  family  in  Mendocino  county,  Califor- 
nia. His  industry  has  been  rewarded  by  large 
crops  of  the  best  quality,  and  he  now  enjoys  the 
fruits  of  his  many  years  of   hardships  and   toil. 

May  8,  1859,  Mr.  Frost  was  married  to  Mary 
Perry,  also  a  pioneer  of  Pierce  county,  Wash- 
ington, who  is  a  native  of  Appanoose  county, 
Iowa.     In  April,  1854,  when  she  was  nine  years 


of  age,  her  parents  left  Garden  Grove,  Decatur 
county,  Iowa,  for  the  far  West,  being  accom- 
panied by  four  children.  Her  father,  however, 
was  destined  never  to  reach  his  anticipated 
home,  for  he  was  shot  by  Indians  in  Idaho. 
After  experiencing  this  distressing  bereavement 
the  heart-broken  mother  and  son-owing  children 
proceeded  on  their  way,  and  after  many  hard- 
ships reached,  in  October,  1854,  a  place  then 
known  as  Bushelier  Lake  (now  Spanaway), 
where  they  made  their  first  rest  after  six  months' 
weary  travel,  beset  by  grief  and  suffering.  Here 
they  lived  for  a  time  in  a  log  cabin  which  had 
neither  windows,  doors  nor  a  floor,  and  but  half 
roofed  over.  This,  however,  was  a  grateful  re- 
treat after  their  former  hard  experience.  From 
here  they  removed  to  the  donation  claim  which 
their  mother  took  on  the  south  side  of  Ameri- 
can lake,  and  which  is  now  owned  by  John  and 
J.  G.  Murry.  Mary  Perry  and  her  brother 
wei-e  compelled  to  herd  sheep  for  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  in  order  to  obtain  provisions  with 
which  to  sustain  life.  During  the  Indian  war 
of  1855  and  1856,  they  spent  about  two  months 
in  Fort  JS'isqually  for  safety:  on  other  occasions 
they  went  to  Steilacoom. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  Mrs.  Frost  lived 
on  the  farm  until  her  marriage  to  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  and  since  then  has  lived  continu- 
ously in  Washington  except  during  the  four 
years,  previously  mentioned,  which  the  family 
passed  in  Mendocino  county,  California.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Frost  have  six  children  living,  three 
sons  and  as  many  daughters.  The  oldest 
daughter  is  married  to  Forrest  J.  Hunt,  who 
keeps  a  general  store  at  Hillhurst;  the  oldest 
son  and  next  younger  living  daughter  are  also 
married  and  reside  in  Cowlitz  county,  Wash- 
ington. 

Thus  after  many  hardships  endured,  they  have 
at  least  come  into  peace  and  prosperity,  which 
is  the  reward  of  honest,  persistent  and  intelli- 
gent effort. 


i\R.  T.  W.  SLOAX,  medical  practitioner 
in  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Polk 
county,  Tennessee,  July  30,  1848.  His 
parents,  James  and  Susan  (Brown)  Sloan,  were 
natives  of  the  same  State,  their  ancestors  being 
among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  conntry. 
Agriculture  being  the  occupation  of  the  family, 
the  subject  of   this  review  was  reared  upon  the 


kt STOUT    OF    WASHINOTOJi. 


farm  and  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  locality. 
He  then  engaged  in  teaching,  thereby  securing 
funds  which  enabled  him  to  pursue  his  medical 
studies.  In  1874  he  entered  the  office  of  his 
brother,  F.  B.  Sloan,  M.  D.,  of  Middle  Tennes- 
see, and  in  1875  entered  the  medical  department 
of  the  University  of  Loiiisviile,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1877. 

He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Monroe  county,  Tennessee,  and  continued 
until  the  spring  of  1880,  when  lie  came  to  the 
Territory  of  Washington,  first  locating  at  Walla 
Walla,  arjd  following  a  general  practice  until 
1884.  He  then  removed  to  Wasco  county,  Ore- 
gon, and,  locating  a  farm,  engaged  in  the  stock 
business;  also  continuing  his  profession  as  op- 
portunity offered.  With  the  organization  of 
(lilliam  county  Dr.  Sloan's  ranch  fell  therein, 
and  his  practice  was  followed  in  and  about 
Arlington  up  to  1888,  when  continued  drought 
and  failui-e  of  crops  drove  him  from  that  conn- 
try.  He  then  came  to  Seattle,  opened  an  office, 
and  has  continued  in  the  regular  line  of  his 
profession,  devoting  his  time  chiefiy  to  family 
practice.  He  was  a  heavy  loser  in  tlie  fire  of 
1889,  as  not  even  his  wearing  apparel  was 
saved.  He  escaped  with  merely  the  clothes 
upon  his  back.  Still,  by  perseverance  and  at- 
tendance to  busiiaess,  he  has  secured  a  lucrative 
patronage. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  Gilliam  county, 
Oregon,  in  1887,  to  Mrs.  Rose  (Utley)  Tripp,  a 
native  of  Michigan. 


E'dWARD    F.   SWEENEY,   Secretary  of 
the  Seattle  Brewing  &  Malting  Company, 
1  is  a  native  son  of  the  Golden  West,  born 

in  San  Francisco,  California,  May  10,  1860. 
His  father,  Morgan  Sweeney,  was  a  California 
pioneer  of  1850,  who  made  mining  the  occupa- 
tion of  his  life.  He  was  married  in  California 
to  Miss  Mary  Nunan,  whose  father  was  also  a 
pioneer  of  the  State.  Edward  F.  Sweeney  was 
educated  at  St.  Mary's  College  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. His  business  career  began  at  tlie  age  of 
seventeen,  in  the  French  Savings  Bank,  but 
sliortly  after  he  entered  the  ofiice  of  the  brewery 
of  M.  Nunan  and  remained  two  years.  He 
then  went  to  the  Fredricksburg  brewery  at  San 
Jose  and  entered  practically  into  the  study  of 
the   brewery  business.     After  becoming   thor- 


oughly conversant  with  all  details  of  manufac- 
ture and  with  methods  of  conducting  such  an 
enterprise,  he  i-eturiied  to  San  Francisco  as 
superintendent  of  Mr.  Nunan's  plant,  which 
turned  out  al)ont  30,000  barrels  of  beer  per 
year.  In  1882  he  came  to  Seattle,  and,  form- 
ing a  co-partnership  with  W.  J.  Rule,  built  a 
small  brewery  south  of  town  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  steam  beer.  The  firm  of  Rule  & 
Sweeney  continued  about  eighteen  months,  when 
Mr.  Rule  retired  and  Mr.  Sweeney  continued 
operations  alone,  gradually  increasing  the  extent 
of  his  plant  as  the  conditions  of  the  trade  de- 
manded. In  1888  he  organized  a  stock  com- 
pany known  as  the  Clausen-Sweeney  Brewing 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  |80,000.  The 
brewery  was  then  rebuilt,  and  with  improved 
machinery  they  entered  exclusively  into  the 
manufacture  of  lager  beer,  with  an  annual  out- 
put of  36,000  barrels,  which  was  sold  through- 
out the  Northwest.  In  May,  1891,  Mr.  Clausen 
sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  George  F.  Gund,  and 
the  business  was  continued  up  to  the  spring  of 
1893,  when  the  company  consolidated  with  the 
Bay  View  Brewing  Company  and  the  Albert 
Braun  Brewing  Company,  incorporating  as  the 
Seattle  Bi-ewing  &  Malting  Company;  capital 
stock,  $1,000,000.  Mr.  Sweeney  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  new  organization,  whose  plant 
has  a  capacity  for  an  annual  output  of  150,000 
barrels. 

Mr.  Sweeney  is  also  a  stockholder  of  the  King 
County  Bank;  a  director  of  the  National  Bank 
of  Commerce;  owns  valuable  real-estate  inter- 
ests in  Seattle,  and  mining  interests  in  the  Cas- 
cade mountains. 

Socially,  he  afiiliatea  with  the  K.  of  P.,  B. 
P.  O.  E".,  the  Seattle  Athletic  Club  and  the 
Seattle  Yacht  Club.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  manufacturingcommittee  of  that  institution. 


f^^©©-^ 


JOHN  WILBUR  DODGE,  ex-Secretary  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  at  Seattle,  was 
born  at  Waterloo,  now  Burtin,  Wisconsin, 
July  29, 1856.  His  father,  Jeremiah  E.  Dodge, 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  descended  from 
Puritan  stock,  who  emigrated  from  England  to 
New  England  soon  after  the  Pilgrim  settlement. 
The  ancestors  of  Mr.  Dodge  have  chiefly  fol- 
lowed the  medical  and  legal    professions,  and 


nit<TORr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


following  the  same  line  Jeremiah  E.  s^ecnred 
an  academic  education,  then  entered  the  Harvard 
law  school,  which  was  directed  by  Chief  Justice 
8tory  as  professor  of  law.  After  graduating  in 
183i  Mr.  Dodge  went  to  Tecumseh,  Michigan, 
and  was  appointed  Postmaster,  that  being  the 
distributing  point  for  mails  of  the  entire  Xorth- 
west,  of  which  at  that  time  little  was  known  be- 
yond Minnesota  and  Wisconsin.  With  tlie 
breaking  out  of  the  Black  Hawk  war  Mr.  Dodge 
raised  a  company  of  men  and  went  to  the  front, 
where  he  was  engaged  through  the  conflict. 
After  peace  was  declared  he  and  his  friend, 
Daniel  E.  Burt,  went,  in  1833,  to  Wisconsin, 
and,  locating  in  Grant  county,  founded  the  town 
of  Waterloo,  and  bnilt  one  of  the  first  flour  and 
grist  mills  in  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Burt  attended 
to  the  mill,  while  Mr.  Dodge  followed  the  prac- 
tice of  law.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Burt  the 
name  of  the  town  was  changed  to  Burtin,  thus 
commemorating  the  honored  name. 

Mr.  Dodge  was  married,  in  Waterloo,  to  Miss 
Matilda  Ashley,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
also  of  Puritan  ancestry.  Mr.  Dodge  was  the 
first  Adjutant-General  of  the  Territory  of  Wis- 
consin. He  served  several  terms  in  the  Legis- 
lature, was  a  member  of  the  Historical  Society 
and  a  man  of  prominence  in  all  general  affairs. 
In  1861  he  removed  his  family  to  Lancaster, 
Grant  county,  for  the  higher  education  of  his 
children,  and,  retiring  from  practice,  purchased 
a  little  farm,  and  there  passed  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.  John  W.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  secured  an  academic  education  in  the 
schools  of  Lancaster, graduating  in  1875.  Dur- 
ing the  winter  following  he  was  engrossing  clerk 
of  the  Senate  of  Wisconsin.  He  then  went  to 
Mauch  Chunk,  Pennsylvania,  to  visit  relatives, 
and  while  there  was  induced  to  accept  a  clerical 
position  in  the  office  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Kail- 
road,  and  thus  becoming  interested  in  railroad 
matters  he  decided  to  learn  the  business,  and 
to  begin  at  the  foot  of  the  ladder.  He  gave  up 
his  position,  entered  the  freight-house,  and  with 
a  hand-truck  began  shifting  goods,  gradually 
ascending  the  scale  through  the  offices  of  assist- 
ant freight  agent,  freight  agent,  ticket  agent 
and  general  freight  department.  In  1880  Mr. 
Dodge  accepted  the  position  of  clerk  to  the 
division  superintendent  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Eailroad,  with  headquarters  at  Centralia,  Illi- 
nois. Eemoving  in  1881  to  Cairo,  in  1882  he 
was  made  assistant  agent  in  charge  of  that  sta- 
tion, the  third  in  importance  on  the  entire  sys- 


tetii.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  traveling  agent, 
with  entire  charge  of  the  station,  which  was  a 
prominent  transfer  point,  connecting  with  four 
other  roads.  In  this  work  he  employed  a  force 
of  150  men,  the  position  being  one  of  great  re- 
sponsibility. In  1887  he  was  promoted  to  the 
position  of  chief  clerk  to  the  general  superin- 
tendent, with  headquarters  at  Chicago,  and  there 
remained  until  1891,  when,  upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Seattle, 
Mr.  Dodge  was  offered  the  position  of  secretary, 
and  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  that  office  he 
arrived  in  Seattle  in  April  of  the  same  year. 
He  gave  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  the 
upbuilding  of  that  organization,  whose  influ- 
ence has  already  been  felt  in  commercial  and 
municipal  affairs.  Mr.  Dodge  resigned  his  po- 
sition as  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
April  15,  1893,  to  engage  in  the  hotel  business 
at  Seattle,  having  effected  a  long-time  lease  of 
the  Hotel  Xorthern,oneof  the  leading  and  most 
popular  hostelries  in  the  city.  The  house  is 
most  conveniently  located,  affording  ready  access 
to  the  principal  business  portions  of  the  city, 
being  located  on  Front  street,  between  Wash- 
ington street  and  Yesler  avenue. 

Mr.  Dodge  w-as  married,  at  Mauch  Chunk, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1879,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Mc- 
Mullen,  of  the  same  city.  To  them  six  children 
have  been  born:  Marguerite,  Mary,  Eoccy, 
Elizabeth,  Jeremiah  E.  and  John  Wilbur,  Jr. 
Mr.  Dodge  has  built  a  handsome  home  on  Queen 
Anne  hill,  and  is  thoroughly  interested  in  ad- 
vancing the  prosperity  of  Seattle. 


E.  NICOL,  cashier  and  acting  manager 
of  the  Union  Savings  Bank  &  Trust 
Company,  Tacotna,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  January  6, 
i862.  His  father,  Eev.  P.  Nicol,  died  when 
our  subject  was  an  infant.  The  latter  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Tilbury,  Ontario, 
and  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  passed  the  necessary 
examinations  and  was  employed  as  teacher  in 
the  Collegiate  Institute  of  Owen  Sound.  Later 
he  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Eidgetown 
for  one  year,  and  subsequently  spent  three  years 
in  the  Collegiate  Institutes  of  Owen  Sound  and 
Chatham,  Ontario.  After  that  he  turned  his 
attention  to  the  banking  business  at  Tilbury, 
Ontario.     At  the  same  time  he  held  a  half  in- 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINQTON. 


terest  in  tlie  banking  firm  of  Westland  &  Nicol 
of  Comber,  Ontario.  In  18'J0  he  was  elected 
Mayor  ot  tlie  town  of  Tilbury  and  Chairman  of 
the  Cummittee  of  Finance  of  Kent  county.  He 
was  Auditor  of  the  county  in  1888  and  1889, 
and  was  City  Treasurer  duriu^r  the  same  period. 

The  development  of  that  part  of  the  country, 
however,  was  too  slow  for  Mr.  Nicol's  energy 
and  ambitious  spirit,  and  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton in  18U1.  llere  lie  immediately  assumed 
the  duties  of  cashier  of  the  Union  Savings  Bank 
&  Trust  Company,  wliich  institution  has  made 
enormous  strides   under  his   able   management. 

Mr.  Nico!  was  married  in  1888,  to  Miss 
Minnie  E.  Stewart,  daughter  of  James  Stewart, 
a  prominent  banker  of  Tilbury. 


*"-*l^^ 


F  T[  PREUSSE,  the  oldest  architect  in  the 
irM  profession  at  Spokane,  Washington,  is  a 
J  41  native  of  Germany,  born  in  1847,  son 
r/  of  Carl  Victor  and    Victoria  (Eckstein) 

Preusse,  both  of  German  birth.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  tliree  years  old,  and  his 
mother  was  subsequently  married  to  AVilhelm 
Mehl.  Mr.  Mehl  was  a  leading  architect,  and 
the  subject  of  our  sketcii  began  the  study  of  his 
profession  when  young.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  went  to  Halle,  and  in  the  famous  institutions 
of  that  place  studied  for  two  or  three  years. 
Keturning  home,  he  spent  about  three  years  in 
his  father's  office,  after  which  he  attended  the 
noted  college  for  architecture  at  Holzminden. 
From  that  institution  he  was  sent  by  the  faculty 
to  superintend  the  construction  of  the  large 
Besseujer  steel  works  in  Osnabruck.  After 
iiaving  completed  tiiat  work  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica, arriving  in  New  York  in  June,  1870.  He 
was  first  employed  for  two  years  in  the  office  of 
the  North  Chicago  Rolling  Mills. 

Soon  after  the  great  Chicago  fire  Mr.  Preusse 
was  taken  sick  and  was  compelled  to  seek  a 
change  of  clin'ate.  He  visited  the  vai-ious  West- 
ern States  and  Territories,  and  finally  located  in 
San  Bernardino,  California,  where  he  started  in 
business  for  himself,  and  where  he  was  quite 
successful.  He  afterward  lived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco for  a  time,  and  then  moved  to  Sterling, 
Kansas,  from  there  going  to  Kansas  City,  Mis- 
souri. 

In  1882  Mr.  Preusse  arrived  in  Spokane 
Falls  and  at  once  commenced  the   practice  of 


his  profession.  Many  of  the  imposing  build- 
ings which  were  destroyed  by  the  tire  of  August 
4,  1889,  were  designed  by  him  and  erected 
nnder  iiis  supervision.  Since  the  tire  he  has 
made  plans  and  specifications  for  many  of  the 
best  buildings  of  Spokane  and  eastern  Wash- 
ington. The  Opera  House  Block,  the  (Tranite 
Block,  the  Hotel  Spokane,  the  Blalock  Block, 
the  Rollin  Hyde  Block,  the  Holland  Block,  the 
Ziegler  Block  and  many  other  imposing  struct- 
ures were  designed  by  him.  He  also  erected 
the  Jamison  Block,  and  has  done  all  the  work 
for  the  Catholic  schools.  He  was  appointed 
architect  of  the  Aoriciiltnral  College  and  School 
of  Science  at   riilimuii.  Wa-liington. 

Mr.  Preusse  has  attained  the  high  standing 
in  his  profession  by  his  own  exertions,  and 
although  at  first  he  did  not  meet  with  great 
financial  success,  he  has  now  secured  for  him- 
self a  nice  little  competency,  owning  400  acres 
of  good  land  adjoining  Spokane  on  the  south, 
and  also  some  good  city  ])r(_i|ierty.  Mr.  Preusse 
is  a  memlier  of  tW  Kniojits  of  Pythias,  takes 
an  interest  in  public  attairs  generally,  and  is 
especially  intei'ested  in  educational  matters. 

While  in  Sterling,  Kansas,  he  married  Miss 
Rosa  Cole,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
have  liad  seven  cliildren,  four  of  whom  are 
living:  Olga  May,  Florence  Augusta,  Carl 
Victor  and  Arnold  Bisinark. 

fHtjEV.  E.  J.  MOORE,  pastor  of  the  First 
\r\^     MetJiodist  Ej)iscopal  Church  at  Puyallup, 
I     »\    Wat-hington,  was  born  in  Guilford,  New 
■^  York,    in  1801.     During    his    boyhood 

days  he  moved  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he  at- 
tended the  common  schools  and  afterward  Al- 
leghany College,  from  which  institution  he  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  After 
completing  his  cullege  course,  he  located  in 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  taught  school  about 
eight  years.  He  married  Lulu  M.  Cripper  of 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania.  They  have  three 
children,  two  daughters  and  a  son. 

Mr.  Moore  began  the  work  of  the  ministry  in 
AVashington.  His  tirst  appointment  was  at  La 
Conner;  from  there  he  went  to  Coupeville;  his 
ne.xt  removal  was  to  Chehalis  city,  and  in  July, 
1890,  he  entered  upon  his  duties  at  Puyallup. 
The  church  here  has  doubled  its  membershi;) 
since  he  took  charge  of  it.     It    now  lias  180 


HISTORT    OF    WASniNGTON. 


members  and  is  in  a  flourisliing  condition.  Mr. 
Moore  is  President  of  the  Epworth  League  of 
his  district,  and  for  the  past  four  years  has 
been  First  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Tuget 
Sound  Conference. 

Rev.  Samuel  Moore,  father  of  E.  J.,  is  Pre- 
siding Elder  of  this  district  of  Washington. 


|-^^^ 


THOMAS  MALONY,  who  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  horticultural  interests  of 
Sumner,  Washington,  since  1890,  is  one 
of  the  energetic  and  successful  men  of 
this  place.  Some  of  the  facts  in  regard  to  his 
life  are  as  follows: 

Thomas  Maloney  was  born  at  Kincardine, 
Ontario,  Canada,  June  30,  18.52.  His  boyhood 
days  were  spent  in  attending  school  during  the 
winter  and  in  working  in  his  father's  black- 
smith slaop  in  summer.  When  he  was  seven- 
teen he  went  to  Chicago,  where  lie  worked  as  a 
carpenter,  and  later  was  a  contractor  and  hard- 
ware merchant  until  1884.  That  year  he  di- 
rected his  course  toward  Tacoma,  Washington, 
and  upon  arriving  at  his  destination  engaged  in 
the  building  of  boats  and  barges  and  in  doing  a 
general  steamboat  business  on  the  Sound,  He 
was  also  interested  in  a  shingle  mill,  situated 
between  old  Tacoma  and  Tacoma  Smelter,  the 
name  of  the  iJrm  conducting  the  mill  being 
Malony  &  McMillan.  They  were  the  first  com- 
pany to  manufacture  sawed  shingles  in  large 
quantities  to  ship  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 
He  still  owns  valuable  improved  property  in 
Tacoma,  having  built  the  first  residence  on 
North  G  street.  In  1890  he  moved  to  Sumner, 
Avhere  he  invested  in  a  fruit  farm,  and  where 
he  has  since  been  engaged  in  cultivating  the 
same.  He  was  elected  Mayor  of  Sumner  in 
December,  1892,  being  now  the  incumlient  of 
that  office. 

September  22,  1872,  Mr,  Malony  married 
Delia  Dolan  of  Chicago.  They  have  four  chil- 
dren, two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

dlOHN  M.  LYON,  a  resident  of  Seattle,  was 
born    in    Dixborough,    near   Ann    Arbor, 
~~-     Michigan,  March  13,  1840.      His  parents, 
John  and    Charlotte  C.  (Cramer)   Lyon,  were 


natives  of  New  York  State.  Li  1839  John 
Lyon  emigrated  with  his  family  to  Michigan, 
traveling  by  ox  teams,  and  leaving  his  family 
near  Ann  Arbor;  he  pushed  on  to  the  present 
location  of  Jackson,  where  he  purchased  300 
acres  of  land,  built  three  houses  during  tiie 
winter,  and  there  moved  his  family  within  the 
summer  of  1840.  Mr.  Lyon  died  in  1841, 
leaving  his  widow  and  seven  children,  three  of 
whom  were  by  a  previous  marriage.  John  M. 
remained  with  his  mother  until  sixteen  years 
of  age,  employing  his  time  upon  the  farm  and 
in  improving  such  educational  facilities  as  the 
town  afforded. 

In  May,  1860,  Mr.  Lyon  started  for  Cali- 
fornia by  the  Panama  i-onte  from  New  York. 
The  trip  was  made  in  twenty-two  days,  then  the 
quickest  trip  on  record.  Arriving  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, he  proceeded  to  Red  Bluff,  where  his 
brothers,  Darwin  B.  and  Lyman  A.,  then  re- 
sided, having  crossed  the  plains  in  1850.  Our 
subject  engaged  in  the  study  of  telegraphy 
under  his  brother  Darwin,  and  in  1863  went  to 
Portland  as  manager  of  that  oflfice  for  the  West- 
ern Union  Company.  After  one  year  Mr.  Lyon 
began  traveling  for  the  company  through  Ore- 
gon and-  Washington,  establishing  offices  and 
giving  instructions  in  the  art  of  telegraphy. 
Upon  the  completion  of  the  line  to  New  West- 
minster, British  Columbia,  connecting  with  the 
Western  Union  Russian  Extension,  Mr.  Lyon 
took  charge  of  that  office,  but  shortly  after  the 
Atlantic  cable  was  laid,  which  caused  the  exten- 
sion of  the  Russian  line  to  be  abandoned,  after 
600  miles  of  line  were  constructed  and  $11,- 
000,000  of  money  disbursed.  While  at  West- 
minster the  Queen's  "Potlache"  was  given  to 
the  Indians,  who  were  invited  from  all  along 
the  coast,  and  they  responded  in  such  numbers 
that  the  presents  gave  out,  and  trouble  was  only 
avoided  by  the  Agent  of  Public  Works  buying 
out  a  hardware  and  grocery  store  and  present- 
ing the  wares  to  the  Indians.  Great  excite- 
ment prevailed,  but  the  timely  arrival  of  three 
gunboats  prevented  an  outbreak,  and  no  doul)t 
saved  the  lives  of  the  white  settlers. 

In  the  fall  of  1865  Mr.  Lyon  came  to  Seattle 
and  was  appointed  circuit  manager  of  all  lines 
north  of  Portland,  and  continued  in  that  capac- 
ity up  to  April,  1882,  when,  after  twenty  years 
of  service,  his  resignation  was  tendered,  and 
very  reluctantly  accepted.  He  was  also  agent 
of  the  Puget  Sound  Telegraph  Company's  lines, 
which  were  put  through  in    1870,  connecting 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Seattle  with  Port  Townsend.  He  discharged 
the  duties  of  that  ofiice  np  to  1884.  In  1882 
Mr.  Lyon  engaged  in  the  stationery  and  book 
business,  which  he  continued  until  February, 
1887,  when  he  was  appointed  Postmaster  of 
Seattle,  under  the  .Cleveland  administration, 
and  held  office  until  June,  1889,  when  the 
changed  administration  appointed  his  successor. 
Since  that  date  Mr.  Lyon  has  not  engaged  in 
active  business,  except  in  looking  after  his  real 
estate  and  business  property. 

He  is  a  life-long  Democrat,  a  prominent  man 
in  his  party,  and  has  frequently  been  a  nominee 
for  public  preferment,  but  by  reason  of  his 
party  being  in  minority  he  tailed  of  election. 
He  served  in  the  City  Council  in  1872,  and  at 
present  is  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates. 
He  was  married  at  Claquato,  Lewis  county, 
Washington,  in  1865,  to  Miss  Livonia  Hunt- 
ington, daughter  of  Jacob  Huntington,  a  pio- 
neer of  1850.  Four  children  have  blessed  this 
union:  Callie,  Charlotte,  Arthur  and  Susan. 


w 


E.  S.  COYNE,  dental  practitioner  in 
i|j «»/  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Glen- 
^  ^  coe,  Middlesex  county,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, in  September,  1866.  He  was  reared  upon 
the  farm  and  received  a  literary  education  at 
the  hicrli  school  at  Wardsville,  in  the  same 
county.  After  completing  his  ecliool  work,  in 
188-t,  he  began  the  study  of  dentistry  under  the 
preceptorship  of  his  uncle,  J.  W.  Coyne,  L.  D. 
S.,  and  of  H.  A.  Wilson,  L.  D.  S.,  at  Wards- 
ville, and  continued  in  their  office  aijout  two 
and  one-half  years.  He  then  matriculated  in 
the  Royal  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  in  To- 
ronto, Canada,  and  attended  the  institution  for 
two  seasons,  passing  his  examinations  in  1887, 
and  receiving  the  Licentiate  degree  of  Dental 
Surgery.  He  commenced  practice  in  Toronto, 
continuina;  until  July,  1888.  He  then  went  to 
Tampa,  Florida,  and  engaged  actively  in  his 
profession,  and  built  up  a  very  extended  and 
lucrative  patronage.  After  some  months  Dr. 
Coyne  contracted  the  prevailing  disease,  malaria, 
which  in  due  time  compelled  his  seeking  a  more 
healthful  climate,  and  in  1891  he  came  direct 
to  Seattle,  where  he  had  friends  residing. 
Eeing  impressed  with  the  activity  of  the  grow- 
ing city,  he  at  once  selected  a  suite  of  rooms  in 
the  Occidental  Block,  fitted  them  up  with  taste. 


making  them  both  convenient  and  comfortable, 
and  resumed  his  profession  in  operative,  me- 
chanical and  oral  surgery,  and  has  continued 
actively  and  successfully  in  the  line  of  practice. 

He  was  married  in  the  Euclid  Avenue  Meth- 
odist Church,  Toronto,  Canada,  January  4,  1888, 
to  Miss  Jane  Anne  Bnllivant,  of  Canada.  They 
have  one  child,  Gertrude. 

Dr.  Coyne  is  a  devotee  to  his  profession,  and 
by  close  application  and  satisfactory  work  his 
patronage  has  steadily  increased.  He  has  made 
some  investments  in  Seattle,  thus  identifying 
himself  with  the  future  of  this  "Queen  City  of 
the  Northwest." 

Dr.  Coyne  has  invented  and  applied  for 
patent  on  a  link  crown,  which  will  lie  of  great 
value  to  him  and  the  profession,  and  which  will 
be  known  as  Coyne's  Link  Crown. 

DAN  L.  WEAVER,  the  youthful  member 
of  the  well-known  firm  of  Alice  Hough- 
ton &  Co.,  Spokane,  Washington,  is  a 
native  son  of  the  Golden  West,  having  been 
born  in  Stockton,  California,  October  21,  1872. 
His  father,  Henry  W.  Weaver,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  is  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
San  Joaquin  county,  and  is  a  veteran  of  the 
Civil  war,  having  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-second  Hlinois  Volunteers  during  the 
entire  war.  The  nidideu  name  of  young 
Weaver's  mother  was  Ellen  Gertrude  Cook. 
She  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  fami- 
lies of  the  State  of  New  York. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  Dan  L.  engaged  in  tlie 
grain  business  with  his  father,  continuing  in  it 
about  eighteen  months.  Desiring  to  extend 
his  business  experience,  he  accepted  a  positiun 
with  the  firm  of  Jackson  &,  Earle,  a  large  hard- 
ware house  of  his  native  city.  Being  of  an 
earnest,  active  disposition,  his  sole  pleasure  was 
derived  in  acquainting  himself  with  business 
methods  that  would  be  of  service  to  him  in  the 
commercial  life  he  intended  to  lead. 

Not  of  a  robust  constitution,  he  determined 
to  come  to  the  Northwest,  and  at  the  earnest 
solicitation  of  family  friends  he  selected  Spo- 
kane as  the  place  of  bis  future  abode.  He  is 
well  fitted  by  education  to  bring  to  a  success- 
ful issue  any  enterprise  he  may  undertake, 
having  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ins  pative  city. 


508 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Upon  his  arrival  in  Spokane  in  the  spring  of 
1890,  Mr.  Weaver  associated  himself  with  the 
insurance  iirin  oC  Hampton  &  Co.,  and  after- 
ward with  T.  E  .  Jefferson  it  Co.  Recently  lie 
became  a  partn  er  with  Mrs.  Alice  Houghton  in 
the  real-estate  and  insurance  business,  giving 
liis  atteuti  on  principally  to  the  latter  depart- 
ment. Not  long  ago  the  local  board  of  under- 
writers was  organized  and  he  was  elected  secre- 
tary, the  duties  of  which  office  he  discbarges 
with  great  zeal  and  efficiency.  He  has  invested 
considerable  money  in  real  estate,  and  is  now 
the  owner  of  some  fine  property  which,  in  the 
course  of  the  next  few  years,  coupled  with  his 
mining  interests,  will  undoubtedly  make  a  rich 
man  of  him. 

Mr.  Weaver  has  the  bearing  of  a  tliorough 
gentleman,  and  his  looks  do  not  belie  him.  He 
is  often  cited  as  an  example  of  the  brilliant 
careers  open  to  capable  young  men  in  the  city 
of  Spokane  and  other  Western  cities. 


ATTHEW  THOMPSON  CURRY,  at- 

11  torney  and  counselor  at  law,  Centralia, 
li  is  a  highly  respected  member  of  the  bar 
of  Lewis  county,  and  is  also  prominent 
among  the  educators  of  the  State.  A  brief  re- 
view of  his  personal  history  is  herewith  given. 
He  was  born  in  Iowa  county,  Wisconsin,  Sep- 
teml)er  14,  1843,  a  son  of  Henry  Curry,  a  native 
of  Great  Britain,  born  in  England;  the  father 
was  an  expert  miner  and  engaged  in  this  busi- 
ness after  coming  to  this  country.  He  also  fol- 
lowed farming  to  some  extent  in  Wisconsin, 
and  resided  there  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  September,  1886.  Mary 
Thompson,  his  wife,  was  born  in  Ireland,  of 
Protestant  parents;  they  were  married  in  En- 
gland, and  there  were  born  to  them  a  family  of 
twelve  children.  Matthew  is  the  eldest;  his 
youth  was  divided  between  the  district  school 
and  the  duties  that  usually  fall  to  the  lot  of  a 
farmer's  son.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  came 
one  of  the  most  important  events  of  his  life: 
there  was  a  call  for  men  to  go  out  in  defense  of 
the  old  flag,  and  to  this  he  responded  with  all 
the  zeal  of  youthful  patriotism.  He  enlisted 
in  Company  E,  Eleventh  Wisconsin  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  served  until  January,  1863,  when 
he  was  discharged  by  reason  of  disability.  He 
returned  to  his  home,  and  after  regaining  his 
health  and  strength  turned  his  attention  to  the 


acquirement  of  a  higher  education.  After 
spending  a  year  in  the  seminary  at  Mineral 
Point,  AVisconsin,  he  engaged  in  teaching,  and 
spent  the  two  years  following  in  study  at  Beloit 
College;  he  next  was  engaged  in  teaching  at 
Dodgeville  for  two  years,  and  also  taught  a  year 
at  Linden,  Wisconsin.  These  three  years  of 
labor  earned  another  welcome  respite.  He  en- 
tered the  Ll^niversity  of  Michigan  and  pursued 
the  studies  of  the  literary  department  to  the  end 
of  the  junior  grade,  when,  having  determined 
to  study  law  as  a  profession,  he  entered  the  law 
department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
Ann  Arbor,  and  was  graduated  from  this  re- 
nowned institution  in  1871.  He  returned  to 
Dodgeville,  and  for  two  years  filled  the  position 
of  principal  of  the  city  schools. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Wisconsin  in 
1872,  and  afterward  removed  to  Lee  county, 
Illinois,  where  he  was  engaged  in  legal  practice 
until  1877.  He  then  removed  to  Cherokee 
county,  Kansas,  and  during  his  residence  in 
that  State  he  was  employed  by  the  Extension 
and  Construction  Company  of  the  St.  Louis  & 
San  Francisco  Railroad  as  bookkeeper  and  pay- 
master, a  position  he  held  for  three  years. 
Coming  to  this  State  in  1883,  he  resided  for  a 
brief  period  in  the  capital  city,  and  afterward 
in  Tacoma.  He  then  came  to  Centralia,  which 
was  then  in  its  infancy.  There  was  scarcely  a 
demand  for  legal  practitioners,  so  Mr.  Curry 
returned  to  his  '•  first  love,"  and  assisted  in  lay- 
ing the  foundation  of  the  excellent  public-school 
system  which  exists  in  this  State.  His  reputa- 
tion was  not  confined  to  the  borders  of  Lewis 
county,  for  at  the  end  of  two  years  he  was  called 
to  fill  the  position  of  principal  of  the  public 
schools  of  La  Grande,  Oregon.  At  the  end  of 
one  year  he  returned  to  Centralia,  and  then  re- 
sumed his  professional  labors.  He  holds  a  life 
diploma  as  a  teacher  in  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, and  in  1889  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Examining  Board.  In  1890  he  was  elected 
City  Clerk,  and  the  following  year  City  Attor- 
ney. He  is  now  Court  Commissioner  for  this 
judicial  district.  He  is  a  man  of  keen  intelli- 
gence, and  has  never  laid  aside  his  habits  as  a 
student.  Possessing  the  courage  of  his  con- 
victions, he  is  a  fearless  official,  and  enjoys  the 
highest  regard  of  the  people  of  his  county. 
Politically  he  affiliates  with  the  Democratic 
party,  and  is  a  meujber  of  the  County  Central 
Committee.  He  belongs  to  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  to  the  T.  P.  Price  Post,  G.  A.  R. 


niSTOHT    OP    WASHINGTON: 


Mr.  Curry  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Corda  B.  Newlin,  iu  October,  1880.  Mrs. 
Curry  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  has  for  a 
number  of  years  been  connected  with  the 
hio-lier  educational  movements  of  the  State. 


GLAREXCE  HANFORD,  one  of  the  firm 
I  of  Lowuian  &  Hanford,  stationers  and 
^  printers,  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Seattle, 
May  13,  1857,  being  tlie  youngest  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Abbie  J.  (Holgate)  Hanford,  of  Ohio, 
but  pioneers  of  AVashington  Territory,  wliither 
they  came  in  1854.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  in  the  public  sciiools  and  Territo- 
rial University  of  Seattle,  and  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  years  engaged  in  that  line  of  work 
which  he  has  so  successfully  followed  through 
life.  In  1870  he  began  learning  the  printers' 
trade  in  the  office  of  one  of  the  pioneer  papers, 
the  Seattle  Intelligencer,  printed  upon  the  old 
Kamage  press,  the  pioneer  printing  press  of  the 
JS'orthwest.  Young  Hanford  worked  iu  the 
office  before  and  after  school  and  on  Saturdays, 
and  he  rolled  the  forms,  printed  the  papers,  and 
then  took  them  about  the  town.  From  1872 
he  gave  his  entire  time  to  the  Ijusiness  and  then 
learned  the  practical  work  of  type-setting  and 
other  details  of  the  "art  preservative,"  and  sub- 
sequently became  foreman  of  the  establishment. 
In  1875  he  went  to  San  Francisco  and  attended 
the  Washington  Business  College  and  also  fol- 
lowed his  trade  up  to  December,  1876,  when  he 
returned  to  Seattle  as  foreman  of  the  printing 
department  of  the  Intelligencer.  After  about 
six  months  he  bought  out  the  job-printing  de- 
jiartment,  which  he  thereafter  conducted  and 
thus  established  the  nucleus  of  bis  present  ex- 
tensive business.  During  it-  iiici|.it'ii(  y  the 
work  of  the  office  was  perfmiiKMl  with  foot- 
power  presses  and  with  two  assistants.  In  1879 
J.  II.  McClair  purchased  an  interest,  and  in  1880 
Mr.  Hanford  made  a  prospecting  tour  of  tlie 
Skagit  river  and  British  Columbia  mines,  re- 
turning to  Seattle  in  1881,  when  he  resumed 
the  printing  business,  bought  his  partners'  in- 
terest, and  continued  alone  until  1883,  when  he 
consolidated  the  pi-inting  business  with  the 
stationery  business  of  J.  I).  Lowman  and  incor- 
porated the  Lowman  &  Hanford  Stationery  and 
Printing  Company.  With  the  increase  of  busi- 
ness large  presses  were  added  and  they  did  the 


printing  for  all  the  papers  of  the  city.  This 
was  continued  up  to  the  time  of  the  great  fire 
of  June,  1889,  when  the  entire  establishment 
was  destroyed.  Before  the  ruins  had  ceased  to 
smolder  plans  were  made  for  rebuilding,  and 
just  two  months  later  a  two-story  building  was 
erected.  Machinery  was  iu  place,  operations 
actively  instituted,  and  have  since  been  steadily 
continued.  With  the  demand  for  lithographic 
work  in  1891  the  company  added  a  plant  for 
that  purpose  and  are  now  sending  goods  through- 
out the  Northwest.  The  increase  of  business 
and  the  necessity  of  greater  facilities  resulted, 
in  1892,  in  the  conversion  of  the  two-story 
building  into  one  of  four  stories,  ard  by  build- 
ing over  and  around  the  original  structure  the 
new  building  was  constructed  from  the  founda- 
tion without  interfering  with  the  activities  of 
tiie  business.  The  present  establishment  is  un- 
mistakably the  most  complete  of  all  north  of 
San  Francisco,  and  about  100  hands  are  kept 
steadily  employed  in  the  retail,  wholesale  and 
manufacturing  departments.  Mr.* Hanford  has 
devoted  his  entire  time  to  the  manufacturing, 
while  Mr.  Lowman  supervised  tlie  salesrooms 
up  to  1886,  and  when  other  matters  demanded 
his  attention  J.  N.  Jackson  was  placed  iu 
charge  of  that  department. 

Mr.  Hanford  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1882, 
to  Miss  Eleanor  ISTeff,  of  San  Francisco.  Two 
ciiildren  have  blessed  this  union:  Amie  Lois 
and  Lauron.  Mr.  Hanford  was  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  Harinonie  Lodge,  K.  of  P.  In  addition 
to  his  other  representative  interests  he  owns 
valuable  improved  and  unimproved  property  in 
and  about  the  city  of  Seattle. 


— ^€l 


m^ — 


dj  HOPtNIBROOK,  a  well  known  farmer  of 
Klickitat  county,  was  born  in  Perth  county, 
—  Canada,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  liorni- 
brook,  natives  also  of  that  country.  The  fam- 
ily is  of  a  long-life  race,  and  the  ancestry  can 
be  traced  back  to  Ireland.  Our  subject,  the 
second  in  a  family  of  four  children,  all  resi- 
dents of  Washington,  spent  his  early  life  in 
Canada.  He  moved  to  Cherokee  county,  Iowa, 
with  his  parents,  and  in  1883  he  brought  his 
family  to  Klikitat  county,  Washington,  locating 
on  a  farm  three  miles  from  Goldendale,  buying 
the  right  of  Melton  Sheer,  and  afterward  secur- 
ing a  title.     Mr.   Ilornibrook   has   since  added 


Ill  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


to  the  original  purchase  until  he  now  owns  320 
acres  in  one  body,  and  also  has  320  acres  of 
mountain  timber,  a  few  miles  north.  He  is 
engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock-raising, 
and  his  wheat  crop  usually  averages  from  eight- 
een to  twenty-five  bushels  per  acre.  The  farm 
has  good  buildings,  surrounded  by  ornamental 
trees,  and  an  orchard  of  about  two  acres,  con- 
taining many  kinds  of  fruit. 

Mr.  Ilornibrook  was  married  in  Cherokee 
county,  Iowa,  February  28,  1877,  to  Miss  Si- 
lena  Hill,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Hill,  natives  of 
Germany  and  England,  respectively.  They  re- 
sided in  Wisconsin  for  many  years,  and  after- 
ward removed  to  Iowa,  where  the  mother  still 
resides.  The  father  died  in  Missouri  in  1879. 
Our  subject  and  wife  have  seven  children:  Sarah 
Elizabeth,  Cintha  Malissa,  Ira  Elmer,  William 
John,  Mabel  Beatrice,  Fanny  and  Alice  Marcel- 
lus.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Method- 
ist Church  at  Goldendale.  In  political  matters, 
Mr.  Hornibrook  votes  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  school, 
county  and  State  affairs.  He  is  always  fore- 
most in  any  enterprise  which  tends  to  uplift  or 
promote  the  interests  of  his  fellow  man,  and  it 
may  be  said  he  is  one  of  those  progressive, 
whole-souled  men  who  are  welcomed  in  every 
community. 


41  "1     of  Sef 


XIAM  B.  EOBEETSON,  president 
he  Robertson  Mortgage  Company 
Seattle,  was  born  in  Ashtabula  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  August  9,  1843.  His  parents,  Gilman 
and  Fluebe  (Blakeley)  Robertson,  were  natives 
of  IMew  Hampshire  and  Connecticut  respectively, 
their  ancestors  being  among  the  early  settlers  of 
New  England  and  patriots  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  Gilman  Robertson  was  reared  a  farmer, 
and  was  among  the  first  to  settle  on  the  Holland 
purchase  in  western  New  York,  and  later  on  the 
Western  Reserve  in  Ohio.  William  B.  was 
the  youngest  of  six  children,  and  as  his  father 
died  when  our  subject  was  in  his  boyhood,  leav- 
ing the  widow  and  large  family  with  slight  sup- 
port, William  B.  struck  oait  in  life  at  the  age  of 
eleven  years  to  shape  his  own  destiny.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  lines  of  agriculture  up  to  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twenty-seventh 
New  York  Volunteer   Infantry,  and   served  in 


the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  in  the  first 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  followed  by  the  battles  of 
West  Point  and  later  that  of  Gaines'  Mills, 
where  he  was  wounded  in  the  leg  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1862,  and  taken  prisoner.  After  one 
month's  detention,  he  was  exchanged  and  then 
sent  to  the  hospital  at  Philadelphia,  when  it 
was  found  necessary  to  amputate  his  leg,  com- 
plications having  set  in  through  neglect  while 
he  was  a  prisoner.  After  partial  recovery  he 
was  returned  to  Elmira,  New  York,  and  was 
honorably  discharged.  He  then  sold  his  trunk 
and  such  trinkets  as  were  of  value  and  with  the 
proceeds  secured  instruction  at  a  writing  school, 
and  later  was  offered  a  position  as  bookkeeper 
ill  a  wholesale  tea,  coffee  and  spice  house,  where 
he  remained  about  four  years.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  the  biiying,  improving  and  selling 
of  real  estate,  and  in  the  loaning  of  money,  in 
which  he  evinced  such  wisdom  and  sagacity  as 
to  rapidly  acquire  an  extended  and  lucrative 
business,  which  he  continued  about  twenty 
years.  Save  for  his  service  as  Assistant  Asses- 
sor of  Internal  Revenue  under  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Johnson,  he  would  accept  no 
political  emolument  or  public  office.  He  was 
married  in  Elmira,  January  2,  1865,  to  Miss 
Eliza  J.  Chapman,  a  native  of  that  city. 

In  1888  Mr.  Robertson  come  to  AYashington, 
and  after  visiting  the  cities  of  the  Northwest  he 
decided  to  locate  at  Seattle  and  engage  in  the 
real-estate  and  loan  business.  In  the  fall  of 
1888  he  purchased  100  acres  and  platted  the 
same  as  Hiawatha  Park.  He  has  since  been 
selling  lots  in  their  addition,  although  giving 
more  particular  attention  to  loans.  In  April, 
1892,  he  organized  the  Robertson  Mortgage 
Company,  with  a  paid-up  capital  of  $250,000. 
He  is  president  of  the  company,  while  his  son 
and  only  child,  Tracy  H.  Robertson,  is  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  province  of  the  company 
is  the  extending  of  first-mortgage  loans  on  real 
estate  and  the  purchase  of  county  and  municipal 
bonds  and  warrants. 

Tracy  H.  Robertson  is  a  graduate  of  Union 
College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  the  class 
of  1891.  His  graduation  was  attended  with 
high  honor,  as  he  secured  the  Ingham  and  the 
third  Allen  prizes  on  his  essays  in  English  lit- 
erature, and  also  the  Blatchford  oratorical  medal. 
Mr.  Robertson,  Sr.,  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Seattle  National  Bank,  and  is  a  director 
and  member  of  the  loan  committee  of  the  Seat- 
tle Savings  Bank,  of  which   he   was  also  one  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  organizers.  He  is  a  director  of  the  King 
County  Abstract  and  Title  Guarantee  Company. 
He  is  a  careful,  conservative,  and  sagacious 
financier,  a  gentleman  of  keen  foresight  and 
sound  judgment,  who  by  personal  effort  and 
discernment  has  acquired  a  substantial  com- 
petency, and  by  advice  and  liuancial  assistance 
has  done  much  in  furthering  the  development 
of  Seattle. 

THOMAS  W.  GORDON,  Clerk  of  King 
county,  was  born  in  Kandboro,  province 
of  Quebec,  Canada,  August  22,  1862. 
His  father,  William  Gordon,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  emigrated  to  Canada  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  years,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  the 
munufacture  of  boots  and  shoes.  He  married 
Eliza  Hamilton,  a  native  of  Canada,  and  in 
later  life  returned  to  a  farm  where  still  resides, 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Thomas  W. 
was  the  fifth  in  the  family  of  thirteen  children. 
He  remained  with  his  parents  until  sixteen 
years  of  age,  spending  his  days  in  labor  and  his 
nights  in  rest,  enjoying  no  educational  advan- 
tages. In  1878  he  left  home  to  gain  self- 
suppoi-t  and  by  personal  effort  to  gain  some 
knowledge  from  books.  Thus  by  economy  and 
persevering  industry  he  passed  through  the 
gi'aded  schools  at  Rochester,  Vermont,  the  Ver- 
mont Methodist  Seminary  at  Montpelier,  and 
then  entered  the  StansLead  Wesleyan  College  at 
Stanstead,  Quebec,  graduating  therefrom  in 
1882.  He  then  followed  bookkeeping  at  Taun- 
ton, Massachusetts,  for  two  years,  when  his 
health  failed  and  he  came  to  Glendive,  Montana, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  Opening 
a  branch  store  at  Medora,  Dakota.  Mr.  Gordon 
became  t!ie  manager,  and  while  there  was  ap- 
pointed by  a  committee  of  the  citizens  to  draw 
up  a  petition  and  present  it  to  the  governor  for 
the  organization  of  Billings  county,  which  de- 
sideratum was  satisfactorily  accomplished  with 
Medora  as  the  county  seat.  Mr.  Gordon  was 
then  offered  an  official  position,  which  he  de- 
clined, as  that  would  interfere  with  his  business. 
In  August,  1884,  be  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Willistoii,  continuing  in  mercantile  life  until 
December,  1885,  when  he  went  to  Chicago  and 
into  the  employ  of  the  United  States  E.xpress 
Company,  remaining  until  July,  1889.  He 
then  came  to  Seattle,  and  engaged  in   the  hotel 


business  as  manager  of  the  Russ  House.  In 
1890  he  entered  the  office  of  the  city  water  de- 
partment as  bookkeeper,  and  continued  until 
the  change  of  administration  in  March,  1892, 
when  he  retired,  but  was  highly  complimented 
for  efficiency  in  the  department  and  the  accurate 
condition  of  his  books.  Mr.  Gordon  first  en- 
tered politics  in  1890,  actively  endorsing  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
the  nominee  of  his  party  in  1892  as  Clerk  of 
King  county  and  the  Superior  Court,  and  was 
duly  elected  on  the  8th  of  November,  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  January,  189B. 
Socially,  Mr.  Gordon  affiliates  with  the  Royal 
Arch  Masons,  and  is  Past  Chancelor  of  Lake 
Lodge,  No.  68,  Knights  of  Pythias. 


|\R.  THOMAS  L.  CATTERSON  occupies 
a  leading  position  among  his  fellow- 
practitioners  ill  Spokane  and  the  sur- 
rounding country.  His  skill  and  ability  are  too 
well  known  to  require  any  extended  mention  in 
this  connection,  and  the  8i;ccess  with  which  his 
years  of  practice  here  have  been  crowned  is  a 
fitting  tribute  to  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
profession  which  he  has  chosen. 

Dr.  Catterson  was  born  in  Geneva,  New  York, 
in  1857,  and  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of 
eleven  children.  His  parents,  William  and  Maiy 
L.  (Long)  Catterson,  were  both  born  in  Scotland. 
His  father  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  located  in  Vermont  and  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits.  His  mother  came  at  the 
same  time,  and  they  were  married  in  that  State. 
Soon  after  their  marriage  they  removed  to  New 
York,  where  the  father  died  in  1882.  The 
mother  is  still  living  on  the  old  estate. 

Dr.  Catterson  came  to  Spokane  direct  from 
the  Detroit  (Michigan)  Medical  College,  of 
which  institution  he  is  a  graduate,  with  the 
class  of  1887,  although  prior  to  his  entering 
that  college  he  had  taken  two  complete  courses 
in  the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor. 
His  preparatory  studies  had  also  been  very 
thorough,  so  that  upon  receiving  his  diploma 
his  qualifications  for  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession were  of  the  highest  order.  Since  taking 
up  his  residence  here  Dr.  Catterson  has  been 
constantly  engaged  in  general  practice,  both  in 
this  city  and  throughout  the  adjoining  country. 
He  is  on  the  staff  of  medical  attendants  at  the 


nr  STORY     OF    W.XSUTNGTON. 


Sacred  Heart  Hospital,  where  he  is  daily  doing 
much  to  alleviate  the  sufferings  of  those  who 
seek  admittance  at  that  noble  institution.  While 
the  Doctor  conducts  a  general  practice,  he  gives 
special  attention  to  surgery.  He  is  a  ineinber 
of  the  Spokane  County  Medical  Society,  and 
also  of  the  State  Medical  Society.  (Jf  the  former 
association  he  was  president  in  1891.  He  is  now 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Censors  of  the  State. 
He  served  as  County  Physician  three  years. 

In  New  York,  in  August,  1880.  Dr.  Catter- 
son  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Addie  Van 
Houghton.  They  liave  one  child,  Evelyn.  The 
Doctor  erected  a  pleasant  home  on  Fourth 
avenue,  in  which  he  and  his  family  reside.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopal 
Church. 


E'dWAED  F.  WITTLER,  one  of  the  act- 
ive, enterprising  business  men  of  Seattle, 
1  was  born  in  Bielefeld,  Prussia,  Germany, 

March  19,  1851.  His  ancestry  had  been  resi- 
dent of  the  locality  for  many  generations,  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  damask.  His 
father  was  a  manufacturer  of  damask  linen,  for 
which  the  town  of  Bielefeld  was  world-famed. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  Edward  F.  came 
to  the  United  Stated  with  his  uncle,  Gottlieb 
Wittier,  who  was  a  prominent  contractor  in  St. 
Louis,  Missouri.  Edward  remained  with  his 
uncle  for  three  years  attending  the  public 
schools  of  St.  Louis,  and  learning  the  language 
and  habits  of  the  American  people.  He  also 
took  a  course  at  Jones'  Commercial  College, 
where  he  graduated.  He  then  secured  a  posi- 
tion as  errand  boy  and  collector  in  the  commis- 
sion house  of  Harris,  Franklin  &  Co.,  and 
remained  eighteen  months.  Then,  as  sewing- 
machine  solicitor,  he  passed  one  year,  and  in 
1870  he  secured  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of 
August  Gast  &  Co.,  who  were  conducting  a 
small  lithographic  business  and  employing 
al)out  thirty  hands.  In  1871,  young  Wittier 
became  traveling  salesman  throughout  the 
Southwest,  and  in  1873  purchased  an  interest 
in  the  business.  In  1875  Mr.  Gast  retired 
from  active  management  owing  to  advancing 
age,  and  our  subject  became  business  manager. 
Under  his  able  management  the  business  of  the 
firm  extended  and  increased,  and  by  importing 
color  artists  from  Germany  and  thus  raising  the 


standard  of  their  vvoi-k,  they  rapidly  grew  in 
prominence.  In  1879  they  bought  out  the  firm 
of  John  McKitrick  &  Co.  and  other  smaller  es- 
tablishments, and,  adding  facilities  for  steel  en- 
graving and  bank-note  work,  organized  the 
August  Gast  Bank  Note  &  Lithographic  Com- 
pany, of  which  Mr.  Wittier  was  elected  presi- 
dent. To  meet  the  requirements  of  their  in- 
creasing trade,  they  subsequently  added  depart- 
ments of  printing,  stationery  and  blank-book 
manufacturing.  In  1883  the  increasing  busi- 
ness in  New  York  city  demanded  a  local  estab- 
lishment, and  the  Gast  Lithographic  »&  Engrav- 
ing Company,  was  instituted  at  20  Warren 
street.  New  York,  with  Mr.  AYittler  as  presi- 
dent. These  institutions  were  then  conducted  • 
with  great  wisdom  and  success,  until  they  be- 
came the  leading  concern  of  the  sort  in  the 
LTnited  States,  employing  a  working  force  of 
from  450  to  470  hands. 

In  1887  Mr.  Wittier  decided  to  retire  from 
business,  giving  his  attention  to  the  loaning 
of  money  and  living  a  less  laborious  life.  He 
had  formed  many  close  ties  in  the  line  of  his 
profession,  and  his  retirement  was  accompanied 
with  resolutions  of  regret  from  the  St.  Louis 
Typothetfe,  which  embraced  the  master  printers 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Wittier  and  family  then  made 
an  extended  trip  to  Europe,  and  upon  their  re- 
turn, in  the  fall  of  1888,  they  came  direct  to 
Washington,  arriving  at  Tacoma  on  the  15th 
of  December.  After  spending  ten  days  in  look- 
ing over  the  town,  Mr.  Wittier  visited  Seattle, 
to  present  a  letter  of  introduction  to  J.  T. 
Ronald,  from  mutual  friends  in  St.  Louis.  The 
enthusiasm  of  Mr.  Ronald  aroused  the  interest 
of  Mr.  Wittier,  and  after  lookiag  over  the  city, 
he,  too,  saw  the  greater  opportunities  offered 
for  investment,  and  he  decided  to  locate  in  Seat- 
tle. He  immediately  began  to  purchase  and 
improve  real  estate,  and  on  the  2d  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1889,  began  the  erection  of  four  houses 
for  rent  or  sale.  This  line  of  investment  was 
continued  until  twenty-tliree  houses  were  com- 
pleted. Upon  June  1,  following,  in  connection 
witii  Fred  Sander,  he  purchased  a  controlling 
interest  in  the  Yesler  avenue  cable  car  line,  of 
which  he  became  general  manager.  Owing  to 
the  fire  of  June  6,  the  road  sustained  a  heavy 
loss,  but  was  speedily  reconstructed  and  put  in 
running  order.  Mr.  Wittier  then  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Mr.  Sander  and  retired.  He  then 
built  the  St.  Louis  block,  90  x  100  feet,  three 
stories,  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  and  Jackson 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTOM. 


streets.  On  the  1st  of  March,  1890,  he  applied 
to  the  city  council  for  a  franchise  to  build  the 
several  roads  now  known  as  the  Union  Trunk 
Line  System,  which  organization  was  duly  in- 
corporated with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000, 
Mr.  Wittier  becoming  president.  The  road  was 
constructed  as  soon  as  practicable  and  now  era- 
braces  the  double  track  cable  line  on  James 
street,  from  Pioneer  place  to  the  power  house, 
at  James  street  and  Broadway,  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  in  extent.  Electric  lines  were  then  ex- 
tended from  the  power  house,  and  are  individ- 
ually known  as  the  Beacon  hill  line,  two  and  a 
quarter  miles;  the  Lake  AVashington  branch, 
two  and  three-quarters  miles,  terminatitig  at 
Madrona  park,  on  Lake  Washington,  which  is 
beautifully  laid  out  and  adorned;  tiie  Broadway 
branch  of  two  and  a  half  miles  and  the  Kainier 
hill  line,  of  two  and  a  qaurter  miles,  making 
one  of  the  most  complete  street  railroad  systems 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Wittier  is  also  president  of 
tlfe  King  County  Abstract  &  Title  Guarantee 
Company,  and  of  the  Cascade  Steam  Laundry. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  Green  Lake  Home  Building 
Company,  and  owns  the  Tower  Grove  Nursery 
with  a  tract  of  forty- live  acres,  near  York,  the 
same  being  utilized  for  gardening  purposes. 

Mr.  Wittier  was  mai'ried  in  St.  Louis,  in 
1871,  to  Miss  Rosa  L.  Taylor,  a  native  of  New 
Jei-sey.  To  this  union  have  been  given  tive 
children:  Edna  F.,  Milton  F.,  Lester,  Lela  and 
Homer. 


5AMUEL  F.  COOMBS,  for  upward  of 
\  thirty  years  a  resident  of  Seattle,  was 
^^  born  in  Thomaston,  Maine,  April  16, 
1831,  upon  the  homestead  established  by  his 
grandfather,  an  old  soldier  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  progenitor  of  the  Coombs  family  in 
America  descended  from  the  Huguenots  of 
France  and  emigrated  to  New  England  about 
1760.  Asa  Coombs,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  upon  the  homestead  at  Thomaston, 
and  subsequently  married  Lucretia  Mann,  a  na- 
tive of  Castine,  Maine,  and  daughter  of  Dr. 
Mann,  a  distinguished  surgeon  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  Asa  Coombs  followed  farming, 
ship-l>uilding  and  the  burning  of  lime,  and  was 
one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  State,  lie 
was  Adjutant  General  under  the  old  militia  law, 
and  served  several   terms  in  the  State  Legisla- 


ture. He  was  a  Jeffersonian  Democrat,  and 
prided  himself  on  having  voted  for  every  Dem- 
ocratic president  from  Madison  to  Cleveland, 
including  Horace  Greeley.  At  the  age  of  ninety, 
he  crossed  the  continent  to  visit  his  son  in  Seat- 
tle, where  he  died  in  1888,  in  his  ninety-fourth 
year.  • 

Samuel  F.  Coomlis  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Thomaston  iluring  the  winter  months 
and  passed  his  summei-s  upon  the  farm,  reiuain- 
ing  with  his  parents  until  his  twenty-first  year, 
when  he  started  westward,  passing  the  summer 
of  1852  with  friends  in  Illinois.  The  winter 
following  he  taught  school  in  Indiana,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1853  returned  to  Thomaston  and 
was  married,  in  1854,  to  Miss  Rachel  Boyd,  a 
native  of  an  adjoining  town  and  descending 
from  Revolutionary  stock.  After  marriage  Mr. 
Coombs  settled  on  the  old  homestead  and  carried 
on  the  farm  for  several  years.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  which  James  G. 
Blaine  was  an  honored  member.  In  1859  Mr. 
Coombs  started  for  California  by  the  Panama 
route,  arriving  in  San  Fi-ancisco  in  October,  and 
then  meeting  his  uncles,  Captain  William  and 
George  Boyd,  who  were  navigatcirs  of  the  coast 
between  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound.  Onr 
subject  soon  came  to  Port  Madison,  and  began 
work  in  the  mill,  but  shortly  afterwai-d  was  en- 
gaged to  teach  the  village  school,  numbering 
among  bis  pupils  the  sons  of  Edward  Hanford, 
namely,  Thaddeus,  Cornelius  H.,  Frank,  Jud, 
and  Clarence,  who  are  noV  among  the  promi- 
nent men  of  the  State. 

In  the  spring  of  1860  Mr.  Coombs  came  to 
Seattle  and  found  employment  in  the  store  of 
Henry  L.  Yesler,  remaining  about  twelve  years, 
a  part  of  this  time  acting  as  Deputy  Postmaster 
and  agent  for  the  Wells-Fargo  Express  Com- 
pany. About  1872  he  engaged  in  the  commis- 
sion business,  which  he  followed  several  years. 
lie  has  been  quite  active  in  politics  and  was  the 
first  Auditor  of  King  county,  holding  the  oftice 
for  several  terms.  He  was  also  the  first  com- 
mitting Magistrate  of  the  city  of  Seattle,  and 
searved  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  a  number 
of  years.  While  serving  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  1882,  the  murderers,  Payne,  Howard 
and  Sullivan,  were  before  him,  and  after  a  fair 
trial  and  commitment  were  taken  by  an  out- 
raged people  and  hanged  near  the  corner  of 
James  street  and  Pioneer  place. 

Under  the  Cleveland  administration  in  1884, 
Mr.    Coombs    was    appointed    Warden    of    the 


UlhTORY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


United  States  penitentiary  on  MclSTeil's  island 
and  served  i'onr  years.  Since  1888  he  has  not 
heen  actively  engaged  in  business.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Coombs  have  three  children:  Louisa,  now 
Mrs.  James  li.  Watson;  William  M.,  an  Engi- 
neer; and  Raphael,  an  artist. 

Socially,  Mr.  Coombs  affiiates  with  the  Ma- 
sonic order.  He  has  alwas  taken  a  deep  interest 
ih  the  Indian  dialects  of  the  Sound,  and  has  re- 
cently revised  a  Chinook  dictionary  for  general 
circulation.  He  was  formerly  engaged  as  re- 
porter on  the  old  Intelligencer,  and  still  writes 
for  the  press  on  pioneer  subjects,  particularly 
relating  to  incidents  and  experiences  with  the 
Indian  tribes. 


E'dGAR  R.  BUTTEKWORTH,  manager 
of  the  Cross  Undertaking  Company,  of 
1  Seattle,  was  horn  in  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts, March  3,  1847.  His  parents,  William  R. 
and  Eliza  (Norwood)  Butterworth,  were  natives 
of  the  same  State,  descended  from  ancestry  of 
Puritan  stock  and  Revolutionary  fame.  Will- 
iam R.  Butterworth  was  by  trade  a  cotton  man- 
ufacturer and  for  many  years  acted  as 
superintendent  of  mills  at  Newton  Upper  Falls, 
Massachusetts.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Wright 
county,  Minnesota,  to  engage  in  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  there  improved  a  farm  and  re- 
mained five  years;  but  the  Sioux  Indians  were 
so  hostile,  and  the  dangers  of  the  country  so 
great,  that  after  the  Indian  massacre  of  1861- 
'62  Mr.  Butterworth  decided  to  remove  to  a 
more  civilized  country,  and  returned  to  Massa- 
chusetts, and  resumed  his  earlier  occupation. 
Edgar  R.  attended  the  schools  of  New  England 
until  he  attained  the  age  of  seventeen.  He  then 
learned  the  trade  of  hatter,  which  he  followed 
in  difi'erent  cities  of  New  England  for  about 
live  years.  In  1869,  he  located  in  Boston  and 
hegan  reading  law  with  his  brother,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1872.  Shortly  after  he 
removed  to  Woodson  county,  Kansas,  and  in 
partnership  with  H.  M.  Ingrabam,  engaged  act- 
ively in  the  pi-actice  of  his  profession.  In  1877 
the  firm  went  to  southwestern  Kansas,  on  the 
border  of  Indian  Territory,  to  participate  in  the 
organization  of  a  new  connty,  Imt  as  public 
sentiment  was  opposed  to  the  movement  they 
gave  up  the  enterprise  and  engaged  in  the  stock 
business,  continuing   until   1882.      Mr.   Butter- 


worth then  closed  out  his  interests  and  came  to 
Lewis  county,  Washington  Territory,  and  lo- 
cated at  Centralia,  then  known  as  Skookum- 
chuck,  and  having  a  population  of  about  250. 
Business  was  dull,  so  Mr.  Butterworth  engaged 
in  carpenter  work,  of  which-  he  had  some 
knowledge,  and  thus  helped  to  build  up  the 
town.  One  year  later  he  opened  a  furniture 
store  and  undertaking  establishment,  which  he 
operated  up  to  1890;  then,  after  a  trip  through 
the  East,  he  returned  to  Centralia,  but  continued 
oidy  the  undertaking  business.  In  Xoveni- 
ber,  1892,  Mr.  Butterworth  came  to  Seattle  to 
accept  the  position  of  manager  of  the  Cross 
Undertaking  Company,  with  parlors  located  at 
1,427,  Second  street,  the  Centralia  business 
being  continued  by  his  sou,  Gilbert  M.,  who  is 
also  associated  with  his  father  in  Seattle. 

Mr.  Butterworth  was  married  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  in  1870,  to  Miss  Grace  M.  Whip- 
ple, a  native  of  that  State.  She  died  in  1872, 
leaving  one  sou,  Gilbert  M.  Mr.  Butterworth 
was  again  married,  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts, 
in  1873,  when  he  was  united  to  Miss  Maria  L. 
Gillespie.  They  have  four  children:  Charles 
N.,  Frederic  R.,  Harry  E.  and  Benjamin.  Mr. 
Butterworth  has  valuable  property  interests  in 
and  about  Centralia,  with  tine  residence,  fruit 
orchards  and  improved  lands.  As  member  of 
the  council  and  eight  years  Notary  Public,  he 
took  an  active  interest  in  the  city  organization 
and  government.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  for  twenty-five 
years  has  been  a  consistent  member  of  the  or- 
der of  Good  Templars.  lie  has  been  for  many 
years  a  Deacon  in  the  Baptist  Church,  and  car- 
ries his  Christian  and  fraternal  life  into  his 
profession  of  undertaking. 


ir^OBERT  ROBB,   Surveyor   of  Clarke 
Y^^    county,  Washington,  was  born  at  Ham- 
1    ^  mond,  St.  Lawrence  county.  New  York, 
•r/  June  25,  1842,  a  son  of  John  and  Mary 

(Robinson)  Robb,  natives  of  Scotland.  The  par- 
ents emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1828, 
where  the  mother  died  in  1847,  and  the  mother 
in  1883. 

Robert  Robb,  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  eight 
children,  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  na- 
tive county,  and  completed  his  education  in  the 
Wesleyan  Seminary,  in  1865.     In  1862  he  en- 


HIsroRT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


listed  as  a  private  in  the  Forty-second  New 
Yoriv  Infantry,  but,  on  account  of  ill  health,  was 
disdiarged  thirteen  months  later,  and  returned  to 
New  York.  After  completing  his  academic 
course  he  visited  the  States  of  Michigan  and 
Wisconsin,  and  in  the  latter  State  was  engaged 
in  teaching  two  years.  In  1868  Mr.  Robb  re- 
turned to  New  York,  but  a  few  months  after- 
ward went  to  -Nebraska,  where  he  taught  school 
eight  years,  and  during  seven  years  of  that  time 
served  as  Superintendent  of  the  Gumming  county 
schools.  He  came  to  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, in  1876,  followed  farming  and  teaching  the 
first  two  years,  for  the  following  four  years 
served  as  Superintendent  of  theConnty  Schools, 
and  was  then  associated  with  H.  A.  Froebsted 
in  the  mill  business,  having  been  lessee  of  the 
well-known  Lucia  niill  property.  In  1884  Mr. 
Robb  was  elected  County  Assessor  of  Clarke 
county,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  ser- 
vice engaged  in  the  real-estate  business.  Since 
1888  he  has  filled  the  office  of  County  Surveyor. 
His  management  of  the  ottice  has  been  highly 
satisfactory  to  the  voters  of  the  county,  and  for 
the  past  four  years  the  opposite  political  party 
has  nominated  no  candidate  for  tlie  position. 

Mr.  Robb  was  first  married  in  New  York,  to 
Miss  Annett  Hulett,  who  died  June  13,  1877. 
They  had  four  children:  Donald  B.,  Anna  C, 
Ellen  and  Malconi.  June  1,  1880,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Lida  Brown,  and  they  had 
three  children:  Lura,  Walter  and  Ina.  The 
wife  and  mother  died  January  2,  1890,  and  June 
24,  1892,  our  subject  married  Mrs.  May  Flinn, 
nee  Greenwell,  a  native  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Robb  is 
one  of  the  mostpopular  citizens  of  Clarkecounty, 
has  figured  conspicuously  as  a  local  contributor 
to  county  papers,  and  has  always  been  identified 
with  its  best  interests.  In  his  political  relations 
he  is  a  stanch  and  steadfast  Republican,  although 
is  liberal  in  local  politics.  Socially,  he  afiiliates 
with  the  A.  ().  U.  W.  an<l  the  G.  A.  R. 

^-€B-.# 

GYRUS  F.  CLAPP,  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful business  men  of  Jefferson  county, 
was  born  in  Medford,  Maine,  July  29, 
1851,  and  was  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Alvina 
H.  (Hunt)  Clapp,  both  natives  of  the  same  State. 
Stephen  Clapp  was  reared  in  the  lumbering 
disti'ict  of  Maine,  and  concerned  in  such  enter- 
prises up  to  1852,  when  he  came  to  California, 


and  followed  the  same  line  on  the  Sacramento 
and  Feather  rivers,  and  made  a  considerable  for- 
tune, which  was  literally  washed  away  in  the 
great  fiood  of  1862.  He  then  went  to  Hum- 
boldt county  and  followed  logging  until  1880, 
then  retired  and  located  in  Eureka,  where  he 
still  resides.  Cyrus  F.  Clapp  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  education  at  Foxcraft  Academy  in 
Maine,  and  Hanover  Academy  in  Massachusetts. 
Still  ambitious  for  higder  accomplishment,  he 
then  crossed  the  Atlantic  and  spent  two  years  at 
the  Royal  Academic  Institute  at  Belfast,  Ire- 
land, and  completed  his  course  at  St.  Andrews 
College  in  Scotland.  Returning  to  America  in 
the  lall  of  1868,  he  soon  secured  a  clerkship  in 
the  lai'ge  dry-goods  establishment  of  Jordan, 
Marsh  &  Co.,  and  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1870,  when  he  came  to  California  to  visit  his 
father,  and  later  proceeded  to  Puget  Sound, 
landing  at  Port  Townsend  on  November  1st  of 
the  same  year,  with  a  cash  capital  of  $5  in  gold. 
Proceeding  at  once  to  business,  he  accepted  the 
jjosilion  of  clerk  at  the  Cosmopolitan  hotel,  and 


in  the  spring  of  1871  went  to  San  Francisco 
and  secured  a  clerkship  with  I).  Samuels,  pro- 
prietor of  "  The  Lace  House."  In  the  spring 
of  1874  he  returned  to  Port  Townsend  and  to 
his  former  position,  which  he  retained  until 
1876,  when,  having  accumulated  sufficient 
means,  he  purchased  the  property  and  assumed 
the  proprietorship  of  the  hotel,  which  he  suc- 
cessfully managed  for  three  years.  Disposing 
of  this  property  in  1879,  he  removed  to  New 
Dungeness,  wliere  he  became  Postmaster  and 
engaged  in  the  general  merchandise  business, 
handling  evei-y  variety  of  product  in  logs,  lum- 
ber and  farm  produce,  and  with  a  sealing  busi- 
ness in  season,  and  a  freighting  business  about 
the  lower  Sound,  he  conducted  a  very  extensive 
enterprise,  and  made  money  rapidly.  He  oper- 
ated his  store  until  1889,  though,  in  1887,  he 
removed  to  Port  Townsend  to  look  after  his  real 
estate  and  other  interests.  He  also  organized 
the  private  banking  house  of  Clapp  &  Feuer- 
bach,  and  in  1889  purchased  his  partner's  in- 
terest and  incorporated  as  the  Merchants'  Bank 
of  Port  Townsend.  He  continued  as  president 
of  the  institution  until  the  fall  of  1889,  when 
the  bank  was  sold  to  William  S.  Ladd,  of  Port- 
land. Mr.  Clapp  has  since  devoted  himself  to 
the  loaning  of  money  and  the  sale  of  real  estate 
in  city  and  county  property.  He  owns  valual)Ie 
improved  business  property  in  Port  Townsend, 
with  farm  and  timber  lands  about  the  State.  He 


516 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


is  a  careful,  eonservative  business  man,  but  with 
keen  judgment  has  foreseen  results  and  profited 
thereby. 

He  was  married  in  Port  Townsend,  January 
21,  1875,  to  Miss  Wilhelmina  M.  P.  Lacy,  step- 
daughter of  Major  Van  Bokkelyn,  a  pioneer  of 
the  Sound.  Five  children  have  blessed  this 
union:  Nellie  F.,  Vina,  Elva  (deceased),  Beatrice 
C.  and  Alvin  F.  (deceased).  Socially,  Mr.  Clapp 
affiliates  with  the  Fourteenth  degree,  Scottish 
Kite,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  and 
A.  O.  U.  W. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Republican.  He  served 
Clallam  county  one  term  as  Treasurer.  He  was 
was  one  of  the  first  Councilmen  elected  in  Port 
Townsend. 

In  1892  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ferry 
as  one  of  two  representatives  to  the  Nicaragua 
Canal  Convention  at  New  Orleans.  In  both  his 
social  and  religious  life  he  is  esteemed  and  re- 
spected by  all  who  know  him. 


-c^^ 


IV  T[  O AH  BOSWORTH,  a  well  known  citizen 
I  Vl     of   Lewis  county,  Washington,  cast  his 
I    \,   fortune  with  the  Northwest  in  1857,  and 
•f/  has  resided  in   Washington   ever    since. 

Mr.  Bosworth  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  the 
year  1827,  and  was  a  resident  of  his  native 
State  until  1857,  when  he  came  West.  Upon 
his  arrival  in  Washington  he  first  settled  in 
Thurston  county,  from  whence,  in  1866,  he  re- 
moved to  his  present  location  in  Lewis  county. 
He  was  elected  County  Commissioner  of  his 
county  in  1876. 

Mr.  Bosworth  has  never  married. 


p^-^-^-- 


f 


ETER  GIJNN,  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  Klickitat  county,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia  in  1839,  the  youngest  son  of  David 
and  Jean  (Gunn)  Gunn,  natives  of  Scot- 
land. The  parents  removed  to  Nova  Scotia  in 
1817,  where  they  were  among  the  early  settlers, 
and  the  father  died  there  in  1859,  and  the  mother 
in  1853.  They  had  twelve  children:  John, 
Katharine,  Helen,  William,  Alexander,  David, 
Robert,  Aeneas  and  Peter.  Two  children  died 
in  infancy. 

P.  Gunn,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  spent  his 
early  life  on  a  farm  in  Nova  Scotia.     In  1870 


he  came  to  the  United  States,  spent  the  first 
year  in  Nevada,  next  followed  the  carpenter's 
trade  in  Solano  county,  California,  until  1878, 
and  in  that  year  located  on  a  part  of  his  present 
farm  in  Klickitat  county,  Washington.  Mr. 
Gunn  first  purchased  a  squatter's  right  to  160 
acres,  later  bought  another  squatter's  claim,  and 
he  now  owns  320  acres  of  fine  farming  land. 
His  daughter  also  owns  a  homestead  adjoining 
this  farm.  He  gives  his  attention  principally 
to  wheat  raising,  although  he  has  from  300  to 
400  fruit  trees,  wliicli  yield  an  abundance  of 
fruit. 

Mr.  Gunn  was  married  in  Nova  Scotia,  Au- 
gust 10,  1865,  to  Miss  Caroline  A.  Eraser,  a 
native  of  that  country,  and  a  daughter  of  Will- 
iam and  Mary  (Cameron)  Eraser,  also  born  in 
Nova  Scotia.  Their  parents  came  from  Scotland 
to  that  country  during  its  early  settlement.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gunn  have  three  childreii:  Hattie 
May,  Amelia  Jane  and  Albert  William.  Mr. 
Gunn  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order 
for  thirty-three  years,  has  held  a  membership 
under  four  grand  lodges,  viz.:  Scotland,  Nova 
Scotia,  California  and  Washington,  and  has 
served  as  Master  for  three  years.  He  was  the 
first  Worthy  Patron  of  the  first  Chapter  of  the 
Order  of  the  Eastern  Star  in  Washington  (Ever- 
green, No.  1,  of  Goldendale).  The  order  has 
now  a  Grand  Chapter  in  the  State,  thirty-two 
subordinate  chapters,  with  a  membership  of 
1,628  June  12,  1893,  and  is  in  a  flourishing 
condition. 


\))lLLlAM  J.  WHITE  is  the  proprietor 
of  one  of  the  best  furnished  drug  stores 
in  Klickitat  county,  and  is  himself  well 
versed  in  pharmacy.  He  is  a  native  of  the  State 
of  Wisconsin,  born  in  Green  Lake  county,  March 
2,  1862.  His  parents  were  Charles  and  Mary 
(English)  White.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Michigan,  and  was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  be 
lost  his  life  during  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1862, 
and  the  widowed  mother  afterward  removed  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  in  Swift  county,  where 
William  J.  was  reared  and  educated.  Until  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  divided  his  time  between 
the  lighter  labors  of  the  farm  and  the  studies  he 
pursued  in  the  common  schools;  then  he  turned 
liis  attention  to  bookkeeping,  but  this  profession 
was  interrupted  by  a  trip  to  the  Pacific  coast  in 


if 


History  of  Washington. 


1881.  He  first  settled  in  Wasco  comity,  Ore- 
gon, and  for  a  year  was  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits;  he  was  then  employed  in  tlie  O.  S.  N. 
Company  shops  at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  where 
he  did  carpentry  and  bridge  work  for  two  years. 
In  1883  he  came  to  Goldendale,  and  for  a  short 
time  was  engaged  in  farming.  Securing  a  po- 
sition as  clerk  with  B.  F.  Saylor,  who  iiad  pur- 
chased the  drug  business  of  J.  M.  Iless,  he  held 
the  position  for  two  years. 

Desirous  of  risins;  to  the  top  of  the  profession, 
Mr.  White  went  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  there 
pursued  a  course  in  pharmacy  in  a  leading  col- 
lege in  that  city.  He  was  graduated  in  1889, 
and  immediately  returned  to  Goldendale,  taking 
charge  of  the  prescription  counter  in  the  store 
which  he  purchased  a  few  months  later.  In 
189U  J.  W.  Snover  became  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  White  &  Snover,  the  association  continuing 
two  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  Mr.  White 
bought  the  entire  business;  he  carries  a  large  and 
well-selected  stock  of  pure  drugs,  oils  and  a 
choice  variety  of  toilet  goods.  He  gives  his 
personal  attention  to  the  prescription  depart- 
ment, attending  to-4»is  duties  with  painstaking 
care  and  unerring  intelligence. 

Mr.  White  was  married  in  the  city  of  Chicago, 
in  December,  1888,  to  Miss  Mary  M.  Hess  of 
Iowa,  and  three  children  have  been  born  to  them  : 
Ethel  E.,  Louise  Ellen  and  an  infant  son.  In 
liis  social  relations  Mr.  White  affiliates  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Knights  of  Fythias. 


/f^EORGE  J.  STONEMAN,  City  Clerk  of 
I  ¥(■  Seattle,  was  born  in  Petersburg,  Yir- 
\«i^  ginia.  May  4,  1868.  His  parents,  Gen- 
■^  eral  George  and  Mary  O.  (Uardesty) 
Stoneman,  were  natives  of  New  York  and 
Maryland  respectively.  From  Appleton's  Cyelo- 
pitdia  of  American  Biography  we  copy  the  fol- 
lowing sketch  of  General  Stoneman : 

"General  George  Stoneman  was  born  in 
Busti,  Chautauqua  county,  New  York.  He 
was  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  in  1846,  and  entered  the  First  Dra- 
goons. He  acted  as  Quartermaster  to  the  Mor- 
mon battalion  at  Santa  Fe;  was  sent  with  it  to 
California  in  1847,  and  remained  actively  en- 
gaged on  the  Pacific  coast  till  1857.  In  March 
of  this  year  he  became  Captain  in  the  Second 
Cavalry,  and  served  till  1861,  chiefly  in   Texas. 


In  February  of  that  year,  while  in  command  of 
Fort  Brown,  he  refused  to  obey  tlie  order  of  his 
superior,  General  David  E.  Twiggs,  for  the  sur- 
render of  the  Government  property  to  the  seces- 
sionists, evacuated  the  fort,  and  went  to  New 
York  by  steamer.  He  became  Major  of  the' 
First  Cavalry  on  May  9,  1861,  and  served  in 
Western  Virginia  till  August  13,  when  he  was 
appointed  Brigadier  General  of  volunteers  and 
chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
He  organized  the  cavalry  of  that  army  and 
commanded  during  the  Virginia  peninsular 
campaign  of  1862.  After  the  evacuation  of 
Yorktown  by  the  Confederate  troops,  his  cavalry 
and  artillery  pursued  and  overtook  them,  and 
thus  brought  on  the  battle  of  Williamsburg, 
May  5,  1862.  He  took  command  of  General 
Philip  Kearny's  division  after  the  second  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  succeeded  General  Samuel  P. 
Heintzelman  as  commander  of  the  Third  Army 
Corps,  November  15,  1862,  and  led  it  at  Fred- 
ericksburg on  December  13.  He  was  promoted 
to  Major  General  November  29,  1862,  led  a 
cavalry  corps  in  the  raid  toward  Richmond 
from  April  18  to  May  2,  1863,  and  commanded 
the  Twenty-third  Corps  from  January  to  April, 
1864.  On  the  reorganization  of  the  armies 
operating  against  Richmond  by  General  Grant, 
General  Stoneman  was  appointed  to  a  cavalry 
corps  in  the  Department  of  the  Ohio;  was  en- 
gaged in  the  operations  of  tlie  Atlanta  campaign 
from  May  to  July,  1864,  and  conducted  a  raid 
for  the  capture  of  Macon  and  Anderson  ville 
and  the  liberation  of  prisoners,  but  was  cap- 
tured at  Clinton,  Georgia,  July  31,  and  held  a 
captive  till  October  27.  He  led  a  raid  to  south- 
western Virginia  in  December,  1864;  com- 
manded the  District  of  East  Tennessee  in  Feb- 
ruary and  March,  1865;  conducted  an  expedi- 
tion to  Asheville,  North  Carolina,  in  March 
and  April,  1865,  and  was  engaged  at  Wytlie- 
ville,  the  capture  of  Salisbury,  North  Carolina, 
and  at  Asheville.  He  became  Colonel  of  the 
Tweiit_v-lir.t  Ihlantry,  July  28,  1866,  and  was 
brevettiMJ  ('m1(iiii'1,  Brigadier  and  Major  General 
for  gallant  conduct.  He  retire'd  from  the  army 
August  16,  1871,  and  has  since  resided  in  Cali- 
fornia, of  which  State  he  was  Governor  in 
1883-'87,  having  been  chosen  as  a  Democrat." 
The  earliest  recollection  of  George  J.  Stone- 
man is  connected  with  California,  where  his 
father  located  after  his  retirement  from  the 
army  in  1871.  He  was  primarily  educated  in 
the  schools  of   Los   Angeles,  and  then  entered 


518 


MisTonr  OF   WAsni^GTois. 


the  University  of  Micliigan,  pursuing  studies 
in  both  the  literary  and  law  departments,  and 
graduating  in  the  law  department  in  1889.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  the  Supreme 
Courts  of  JVIichigan  and  Wasliington,  and 
coming  at  once  to  Seattle  lie  entered  into  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  from  the  law  ofKce 
of  Hon.  W".  Lair  Hill,  prominent  in  the  pro- 
fession throughout  the  JNorthwest,  and  who  has 
manifested  great  interest  in  the  advancement  of 
the  young  legal  graduate.  After  about  one 
year  of  practice,  Mr.  Stoneman  entered  upon 
literary  work  as  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  Telegraph,  the  especial  duties  of  his  de- 
partment being  the  local  politics  and  municipal 
affairs  of  the  city.  This  naturally  led  Mr. 
Stoneman  into  politics,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1892  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and  elected  in  March,  1892,  to  the  office 
of  City  Clerk  for  the  term  of  two  years.  He  is 
discharging  the  duties  of  his  office  with  honor 
and  distinction,  having  at  heart  tlie  honest  and 
impartial  management  of  the  trusts  imposed 
upon  him. 


CLARENCE  L.  WHITE,  civil  engineer 
of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Littleton,  Buch- 
anan county,  Iowa,  November  27,  1856. 
His  parents,  H.  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Richmond) 
White,  were  natives  of  Canada,  where  Mr. 
White  learned  the  trade  of  millwright,  and 
upon  coming  to  Littleton  about  1854,  among 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  that  locality,  he  built  a 
flouring  mill,  which  he  operated  a  number  of 
years.  Clarence  L.  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Littleton  and  worked  in  his  father's  mill  up 
to  1872,  when  the  entire  family  came  to  Seattle, 
arriving  on  the  2d  day  of  September.  Sjjend- 
ing  the  first  winter  in  Seattle,  our  subject  at- 
tended the  public  schools,  and  in  the  following 
summer  went  with  the  family  to  a  ranch  near 
what  is  now  Anaeortis,  and  then  worked  at 
dealing  up  and  improving  the  ranch  until  the 
summer  of  1876,  when  subject  began  "rustling" 
for  himself,  attending  the  Territorial  University 
at  Seattle  during  the  winters.  In  the  spring  of 
1879  he  went  to  Spokane  Falls  as  editor  and 
manager  of  the  Spokane  Times,  the  first  news- 
paper started  in  that  city.  His  health  failing 
from  the  sedentary  work,  he  was  obliged  to  re- 
sign   within    the   following   summer,  and   then 


went' on  a  Government  survey  in  the  Grand 
Coulee  country.  With  restored  health  he  re- 
turned to  Spokane  Falls  in  November,  1880, 
and  during  the  winter  was  employed  as  Deputy 
Auditor  of  Spokane  county,  under  Mr.  J.  M. 
Nosier.  During  the  summer  and  autumn  of 
1881  Mr.  White  was  in  the  Northern  Pacific 
survey  party  in  Idaho  and  Western  Montana, 
acting  as  chainman  and  leveler.  About  Christ- 
mas of  that  year  he  returned  to  Seattle  and  be- 
gan working  for  Whitworth  &  Thomson,  civil 
engineers,  and  continued  with  them,  except 
during  the  winter  of  1882-'83,  when  he  took  a 
course  in  surveying  in  the  university.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1887,  Mr.  White  went  out  in  a  party  on 
the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad,  as 
transitman,  working  during  the  summer  and 
following  winter  on  preliminary  and  location, 
from  Seattle  to  the  summit  of  Snoqualmie  Pass 
in  Cascade  mountains.  In  the  spring  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Spokane  Falls  division  of  the 
same  road,  doing  work  in  Spokane  and  west- 
ward to  the  Columbia  river.  In  July  he  was 
sent  out  as  resident  engineer  in  charge  of  work 
at  crossing  of  Grand  Coulee,  120  miles  west- 
ward of  Spokane  Falls,  at  a  point  where  the 
Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  were  fighting  for 
location.  This  work  was  abandoned,  soon  after 
the  troublesome  point  was  settled  in  favor  of 
the  Seattle  road,  and  Mr.  White  returned  to 
Spokane  and  had  charge  of  the  construction  of 
the  large  railroad  trestles  near  Spokane.  Upon 
the  completion  of  this  work  he  returned  to 
Seattle,  and  in  the  spring  of  1889  became  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  R.  H.  Thomson  &  Co.  In 
March,  1890,  the  firm  name  was  changed  to 
Thomson  A;  White,  which  continued  until  Mr. 
Thomson  became  City  Engineer,  and  thereafter 
Mr.  White  operated  alone. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  April  17,  1890, 
to  Miss  Etta  B.  Whitworth,  native  of  Wash- 
ington, and  daughter  of  Rev.  G.  F.  Whitworth, 
whose  biography  appears  elsewhere  in  this  vol- 
ume. The  above  union  has  been  blessed  by  one 
son,  Roydon  Whitworth. 

j[  M.  FRINK,  President  of  the  Washington 
^f-\\  Iron  Works  Company  at  Seattle,  was  born 
'5^  in  Luzerne  county,  Pennsylvania,  January 
21,  1815.      His  parents,  Prentice  and  Deidamia 


HisToRY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


(Millard)  Frink,  were  natives  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  but  married  in  Luzerne  county, 
where  Mr.  Frink  located  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
Church.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Brown  county, 
Kansas,  where  he  engaged  in  I'arming  and  there 
died  in  1861,  leaving  his  wife  with  eight  little 
ones  to  support.  Our  subject  being  the  first- 
born son,  took  npon  himself  the  responsibility 
of  the  family  and  the  care  of  the  farm,  and 
right  manfully  did  he  perform  his  duty  until 
the  children  were  reared  to  ages  of  self-support. 
In  1870,  Mr.  Frink  left  the  old  home,  was 
married  in  Topeka,  Kansas,  to  Miss  Hannah 
Phillips  and  then  located  in  southern  Kansas, 
where  he  followed  farming  up  to  1874,  then  re- 
moving to  California,  whence  he  journeyed  north 
to  Seattle  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  Im- 
mediate labor  being  necessary  he  accepted  the 
first  position  offered,  which  was  on  street  work, 
but  shortly  after  he  was  employed  as  teacher  in 
the  city  schools  which  line  of  occupation  he  then 
followed  for  four  years  in  Seattle,  and  at  Port 
Gamble.  In  1880  he  formed  the  copartnership 
of  Tenny  &  Frink  and  engaged  in  the  foundry 
business  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Jackson 
streets.  In  1881  they  added  a  machine  shop 
and  in  1882  incorporated  as  the  Washington 
Iron  AVorks  Company,  Mr.  Frink  being  duly 
elected  president  and  manager.  Their  business 
extended  all  through  the  Sound  country,  and 
grew  to  such  proportions  that  160  hands  were 
employed  in  the  several  departments,  in  general 
foundry,  mill  and  machine  work.  Eemaining 
in  the  same  location  up  to  the  great  fire  of  June, 
1889,  the  entire  plant  was  destroyed  with  a  loss 
of  $85,000,  in  patterns  and  equipments.  The 
process  of  re-establishment  was  at  once  com- 
menced and  their  works  were  rebuilt  on  Nor- 
man street  between  Eighth  and  Tenth,  where 
the  foundry,  boiler,  blacksmith  and  machine 
shops  cover  an  area  of  two  blocks,  with  facilities 
for  a  very  extended  business. 

In  188(1  Mr.  Frink  established  the  first 
electric-light  plant  in  the  city,  and  was  the  first 
on  the  coast  to  use  the  Edison  system.  This 
was  known  as  the  Seattle  Electric  Light,  which 
was  consolidated  with  other  companies  in  1892, 
and  formed  the  Union  Electric  Light  Company, 
of  which  Mr.  Fink  continues  as  vice-president. 
He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Seattle  Savings  Bank 
and  owns  valuable  business  and  residence  prop- 
erty in  the  city.  Mr.  Frink  lost  his  first  wife 
in  1875,  and  she  left  two  children,  Egbert  F. 
and  Gerald.     He  was  again  married  in  1877,  to 


Miss  Abbie  Hawkins  of  Illinois.  They  have 
three  children:  Frances  G.,  Helena  and  Ethena. 
In  politics  Mr.  Frink  is  a  Republican,  and 
has  been  frequently  called  upon  to  serve  upon 
the  School  Board  and  City  Council,  and  in  1890 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  a  period  of 
four  years.  Mr.  Frink  is  recognized  in  the 
commnnity  as  one  of  her  ablest  business  men, 
his  principles  being  established  upon  honesty, 
integrity  and  justice  to  all  men. 

-^^'%^-mw^ —   • 

JESSE  W.  GEOKGE,  one  of  the  respected 
pioneers  of  the  Northwest  territory,  was 
born  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  November 
11,  1885.  His  father,  Presley  George,  was  a 
native  of  Virginia,  where  his  ancestry  settled 
prior  to  the  Revolutionary  war  and  took  active 
part  in  that  memorable  conflict.  Presley  George 
moved  to  Ohio  about  1820  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, subsequently  marrying  Miss  Mahala  Xick- 
erson,  a  native  of  Massachusetts  and  of  Puritan 
stock.  Mr.  George  followed  farming  in  Ohio 
up  to  1851,  when,  with  his  wife  and  three  sons, 
Hugh  N.,  Jesse  W.  and  M.  C.  George,  he  started 
for  Oregon.  The  first  stage  was  by  steamer 
down  the  Ohio  and  up  the  Missouri  river  to  a 
little  town  called  AVeston,  seven  miles  above 
Fort  Leavenworth.  There  they  purchased  their 
prairie  outfit,  consisting  of  two  wagons,  ten  yoke 
of  oxen,  a  number  of  cows  and  two  American 
mares.  They  were  accompanied  by  several 
families  from  Ohio  and  their  entire  train  num- 
bered about  seventy-five  people.  The  journey 
was  without  particular  incident,  and  very  suc- 
cessfully accomplished  to  the  Dalles.  There 
the  families  shipped  by  Avater  to  Portland,  the 
young  men  crossing  the  mountains  with  the 
stock.  It  being  late  in  the  fall  they  were  over- 
taken by  a  snow  storm,  and  with  no  feed  for 
the  cattle,  already  in  weakened  condition,  many 
of  the  animals  died  from  hunger  and  exposure. 
They  got  throngh  with  seven  yoke  of  oxen,  five 
cows  and  both  mares,  the  horses  being  very  valu- 
able in  that  early  day.  Proceeding  to  Portland 
the  families  united  and  Mr.  George  pushed  up 
the  valley  to  Linn  county,  and  passed  the  winter 
near  Washington  Butte,  where  they  found  a 
little  log  cabin,  about  twelve  feet  square.  Mrs. 
George  was  soon  taken  sick  and  Hugh  became 
cook  for  tlie  family,  besides  teaching  scliool  five 
miles  distant,  walking  back  and   forth   mornino; 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTOlSt. 


and  evening.  Jesse  found  employment  at  hew- 
ing timber  two  miles  distant,  but  was  on  the 
ground  at  daylight  and  continued  as  long  as  he 
could  see,  receiving  therefor  one  bushel  of  wlieat 
per  day.  The  nearest  mill  was  thirty  miles  dis- 
tant, making  a  three-days  journey  with  a  team, 
and  the  flour  was  so  black  that  in  the  present 
day  of  bolted  flour  it  wouldn't  be  considered  fit 
to  eat,  and  yet  during  the  large  emigration  of 
1852  flour  sold  at  twenty-five  cents  per  jjound, 
wheat  16  per  bushel,  and  the  most  remunerative 
labor  was  splitting  rails  at  six  "  bits  "  per  hun- 
dred and  board  yourself.  In  the  spring  of  1852 
Mr.  George  took  up  his  donation  claim  of  320 
acres,  and  there  resided  up  to  1875,  when  he 
moved  to  Portland. 

Jesse  W.  remained  at  liome  up  to  his  twenty- 
fifth  year,  securing  such  educational  advantages 
as  the  country  afforded.  He  was  married  in 
1860,  to  Miss  Cassandra  Eckler,  who  came  to 
Oregon  with  her  brothers  and  sisters  in  1853. 
Her  mother  died  while  she  was  yet  in  infanc)', 
and  her  father  on  tlie  trip  across  the  plains. 
After  his  marriage  Mr.  George  settled  upon  his 
own  farm  near  Lebanon,  where  he  engaged  ex- 
tensively in  grain-farming  and  was  actively 
connected  with  local  affairs.  He  served  tor 
several  years  as  trustee  of  Santiam  Academy  at 
Lebanon,  and  as  a  Republican  took  an  active 
interest  in  political  affairs.  In  May,  1872,  he 
made  a  trip  to  Seattle  and  was  impressed  with 
prospects  of  the  young  city.  Returning  to  his 
farm  he  arranged  his  business  and  with  his 
family  and  team,  drove  to  Portland,  thence  went 
by  steamer  down  the  river  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Cowlitz,  and  thence  drove  to  Seattle,  having 
nice  weather  and  a  delightful  trip.  Upon  lo- 
cating in  Seattle  he  at  once  entered  actively 
into  the  business  development  of  the  city,  acquir- 
ing extensive  real-estate  and  property  interests. 
He  was  one  of  the  three  original  organizers  of 
the  Washington  Iron  Works,  and  actively  as- 
sisted in  the  projection  of  the  first  railroad  from 
Seattle,  being  one  of  the  committee  to  secure 
right  of  way  from  Seattle  up  the  White  river 
valley  to  Puyallup  Station.  During  later  years 
he  has  acted  in  a  similar  capacity  for  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad  company  and  at  present  is  en- 
gaged ill  woi'k  (if  the  same  nature  for  the  Seattle 
and  Mciitaiia  i-:iilroad  company. 

In  July,  l^'^i,  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Arthur  as  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Terri- 
tory and  served  until  after  the  change  of  admin- 
istration.     During  the  great  fire  of  June,  1889, 


he  sufiei-ed  a  considerable  loss  of  property,  but 
with  the  spirit  of  enterprise  whicli  had  character- 
ized so  many  of  his  actions,  he  at  once  set  about 
re-building  and  has  since  constructed  on  the 
corner  of  South  Second  and  Main  street  a  tine 
six-story  building,  which  forms  one  of  the  no- 
table structures  of  the  city.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
George  have  four  children:  Janet  (now  Mrs. 
W.  H.  Llewellyn),  Amy,  Mark  and  Hugh. 

Socially  Mr.  George  affiliates  with  the 
Masonic  order,  being  a  member  of  the  blue 
lodge,  chapter,  commandery  and  thirty-second 
degree,  Scottish  rite.  At  present  he  is  Presi- 
dent of  the  Washington  Pioneer  Association. 
Mr.  George  is  a  man  of  sound  business  judg- 
ment and  firmness  of  character,  which,  united 
to  his  high  integrity,  make  him  a  well  recog- 
nized power  in  the  community. 

ILLIAM  H.  REEVES,  one  of  Seattle's 
enterprising  citizens,  was  born  in 
B  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  June, 
1835,  the  oldest  son  of  Morgan  and  Hannah 
(Barclay)  Reeves,  natives  of  the  same  State, 
their  ancestors  having  settled  there  prior  to  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  having  been  stanch  sup- 
porters of  the  interests  of  tiie  young  colonies. 
William  H.  received  his  prejiaratory  education 
in  his  native  county,  then  entered  Jefferson 
College  in  Washington  county,  later  known  as 
Washington  and  Jefferson  College  and  gradu- 
ated there  in  1857.  This  college  was  the  oldest 
Presbyterian  College  west  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains  and  was  the  alma  mater  of  Hon. 
James  G.  Blaine  and  other  gentlemen  wiio  at- 
tained national  reputation.  After  graduating 
young  Reeves  went  to  Louisiana  and  spent  one 
year  in  teaching  school  in  East  Feliciana  Parish. 
Within  this  time  he  began  reading  law.  In 
1858  he  went  into  Texas  and  taught  near  Austin 
for  one  year,  then  removed  to  Matagorda  county, 
where  he  continued  teaching  and  reading  law, 
and  became  concerned  in  loans  and  investments 
and  identified  with  the  people.  He  was  thus 
engaged  when  the  war  broke  out,  his  residence 
being  with  Colonel  Rugeby,  a  prominent  sugar 
grower  and  planter.  Not  anticipating  a  serious 
war,  and  wishing  to  stand  by  his  investments, 
Mr.  Reeves  remained  in  the  country  up  to  1862, 
when  the  people  became  suspicions  of  him  and 
he  felt  it  was  time  that  he  started  for  the  North 


HIST0U7    OF    WA.SUINGTUN. 


to  avoid  being  impressed  into  tlie  Confederate 
service.  Owning  a  iine  thoroiigli-bred  horse, 
one  of  the  best  in  the  county,  he  surreptitiously 
stole  away  and  started  upon  his  perilous 
journey,  when  any  moment  might  mean  death. 
Yet  he  lield  even  that  as  preferable  to  entering 
a  conflict  in  which  his  father  and  brothers 
might  be  in  line  upon  the  P'ederal  side.  He 
soon  found  comjianions  bent  upon  a  similar  ef- 
fort, and,  without  going  into  detail,  suffice  it  to 
say  that  after  three  months  in  the  saddle — un- 
dergoing all  sorts  of  dangers  and  experiences, 
through  which  his  fearlessness  and  quickness 
of  speech  carried  him  safely — he  ultimately 
crossed  the  Federal  lines  and  returned  to  his 
family  and  friends  in  Pennsylvania,' appearing 
to  them  as  though  restoreil  from  the  dead. 
Shortly  after  he  went  to  Cincinnati  and  secured 
a  clerkship  in  a  general  merchandise  store,  and 
there  remained  in  positions  of  trust  and  responsi- 
bility up  to  1866,when  the  death  of  his  father  took 
him  back  to  the  family.  After  settling  the  es- 
tate, he  removed  the  family  to  Page  county, 
Iowa,  and  thei-e  established  the  members  upon 
a  farm.  After  getting  them  properly  located, 
in  1866,  Mr.  Eeeves  started  for  California. 
The  Indian  troubles  that  year  prevented  his 
making  the  trip  overland,  so  he  went  to  New 
York  and  thence  by  steamer  and  the  Panama 
route,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  June  of  the 
same  year.  Desiring  to  nourish  his  scanty  cash 
capital,  teaching  seemed  to  him  the  first  occu- 
pation to  pursue.  Fortunately  the  State  Board 
of  Education  was  then  in  session,  and  to  them 
he  applied,  and  though  rusty  in  his  studies 
from  long  cessation  from  teaching,  he  passed 
the  ordeal  and  rather  to  his  own  surprise  re- 
ceived a  first-grade  certificate.  The  examina- 
tion of  teachers  was  followed  by  a  ball  and 
there  Mr.  Reeves  met  Miss  Lucy  Baldwin,  of 
New  York.  With  the  lapse  of  time  this  ac- 
quaintance ripened  into  love  and  they  were 
united  in  marriage  in  1870.  Mr.  Reeves  began 
teaching  in  1868  in  Greene  valley,  Solano 
county,  and  continued  until  1870;  tiien  after 
his  marriage  he,  in  company  with  his  wife,  took 
a  sailing  vessel  for  Puget  Sound,  and,  after  a 
trip  of  eleven  days,  landed  at  Port  Madison, 
whence  upon  a  little  steamer,  they  crossed  to 
Seattle,  where  they  arrived  in  Fcbruai-y,  1870, 
the  city  then  having  about  2,000  inhabitants. 
Leaving  his  wife  at  the  hotel,  Mr.  Reeves 
started  out  to  see  tne  town,  finding  little  but 
'•Indians,   trees,  and   water."      lie   wished    to   | 


leave  the  country,  but  his  wife  didn't  care  to 
return  by  sailing  vessel,  and  learning  of  the 
fine  rariiiiiii;'  land  on  Snohomish  river  bottoms, 
Mr.  KcrNT,-  wfiit  there  and  entered  a'claim, 
upon  which  lie  subsequently  proved  up.  A 
flood  during  the  first  year  drowned  his  cattle 
and  destroyed  improvements;  still  he  persisted 
and  remained  until  1870,  when,  with  his  fam- 
ily, be  went  East  and  passed  one  year.  Return- 
ing to  the  territory  in  1877  the  farm  seemed  too 
quiet  and  lir  located  in  Seattle.  There  he 
fornuMl  ihc  ac,|uaiiilaiic.'  of  Angus  Mackintosh, 
and  shortly  after  Mr.  Ueeves  purchase!  one- 
half  interest  in  his  abstract  business,  his  be- 
ing at  that  time  the  only  abstract  books  in  King 
county.  During  the  flrst  Ave  years  not  a  dol- 
lar was  taken  out  of  the  business,  but  by  the 
increase  of  funds  a  loaning  business  was  com- 
menced and  the  private  banking  house  of 
Mackintosh  &  Reeves  was  established.  The 
business  increased  so  rapidly  that  in  1881  they 
sold  the  abstract  books,  and  in  1883  incorpo- 
rated the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  since 
which  time  Mr.  Reeves  has  continued  as  stock- 
holder and  director.  He  then  retired  from  ac- 
tive business  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
loaning  his  money  and  attending  to  his  private 
interests. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reeves  have  tlireJ  children: 
AVilliam  H.,  Jr.,  Minnie  H.  and  Jessie  M.  The 
children  are  all  being  educated  at  Stanford  Utii- 
versity  in  California.  Mr.  Reeves  is  a  mem- 
ber of  no  fraternal  societies  or  political  coteiaes, 
but,  being  very  happy  in  his  donR-sfic  tics,  is 
devoting  his  life  to  the  maintenance  and  happi- 
ness of  his  dear  ones,  lie  is  a  man  of  genial 
disposition,  keen  foresight  and  good  judgment; 
is  a  kind  friend,  beloved  by  his  family  and  re- 
spected by  all  who  know  him. 


EORGE  II.  HEILBRON,  manager  of 
The  Guarantee  Loan  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  November  3,  1860.  His 
father,  Abram  Heilliron,  was  a  native  of  Para- 
maribo, Dutch  Guiana,  but  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  early  manhood,  and  locating  in 
Boston  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  jewelry. 
He  was  subsequently  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Clark,  of  Massachusetts,  and  after  continuing 
liis    business    for    a   number  of   years,   retired 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


from  active  life,  though  he  still  lives  in  the  city 
of  his  adoption.  The  preliminary  education  of 
our  subject  was  secured  at  Dwight's  grammar 
school, "Boston,  and  lioxbury  Latin  school.  In 
the  fall  of  1879  he  entered  Harvard  College  and 
graduated  thereat  with  high  honors  in  the  class 
of  1883.  He  then  entered  Boston  University 
law  Bcliool  and  graduated  at  that  institution  in 
1886  with  special  distinction.  During  his  term 
at  the  law  school  he  was  connected  with  tlie 
editorial  staff  of  the  Boston  Globe.  In  the  fall 
of  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Suffolk 
county,  Massachusetts,  and  soon  after  entered 
the  law  office  of  Swasey  &  Swasey,  to  secure 
practical  experience,  but  after  a  short  time  he 
decided  to  locate  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  in 
April,  1887,  arrived  in  Seattle,  and  commenced 
practice  of  his  profession  in  the  ofiiice  of  Burke 
&  Ilaller.  Three  months  later  he  assisted  in  the 
organization  of  the  Guarantee  Loan  and  Trust 
Company,  which  was  incorporated  in  July,  1887. 
He  accepted  the  position  of  secretary,  and  in 
1889  was  made  manager,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  This  company  was  incorporated 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $-50,000,  which  was  in- 
creased to  $200,000  in  1889,  and  which  is  now 
fully  paid  up.  They  transact  a  general  bank- 
ing business  with  a  savings  bank  department. 
The  accumulations  up  to  October  31,  1892, 
show  a  surplus  of  §20,000,  witli  $17,367.94  un- 
divided profits  and  a  deposit  of  §312,146.09. 

Mr.  Heilbron  is  also  a  director  of  AVashing- 
ton  Territory  Investment  Company,  King 
t'onnty  Investment  Company,  and  of  the  com- 
pany operating  the  Madison  and  Front  Street 
Cattle  railroad  system.  He  is  treasurer  of 
the  American  District  Telegraph  of  Seattle, 
and  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Seattle 
Theater  Company,  he  being  one  of  the  three 
enterprising  gentlemen  who  built  the  Seattle 
Theater  in  the  summer  of  1892. 

In  politics  he  is  Republican.  In  1890  he 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board  of  public 
works  under  the  new  charter,  the  position  at 
that  time  being  one  of  the  most  important  and 
responsible  under  the  city  goverment.  His  ap- 
pointment was  indorsed  by  the  people  irrespec- 
tive of  party  lines,  while  with  equal  unanimity 
the  press  of  the  city  commended  his  selection. 
He  has  also  served  two  years  on  the  school 
board  and  for  two  years  was  chairman  of  the 
Hepublican  city  and  county  committees.  Mr. 
Heilbron  was  married  in  January,  1886,  to  Miss 
Adelaide   E.   Piper,  of   Boston,  Massachusetts. 


Two  children  have  blessed  this  union:  George 
H.,  Jr.,  and  Adelaide.  Socially  Mr.  Heilbron 
affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  Regent  of 
Rainier  Council,  Royal  Arcanum. 

In^he  business  circles  of  Seattle  Mr.  Heil- 
bron holds  a  position  of  power  and  influence 
which  he  has  deservedly  earned.  Thoroughly 
progreasive  in  his  ideas,  but  still  conservative 
and  prudent,  he  is  an  excellent  type  of  that 
young  manhood  which  in  the  past  has  done  so 
much  for  Seattle  and  upon  which  the  future 
prosperity  of  the  city  must  largely  depend. 


f[  JfENRY  VAX  ASSELT,  the  only  living 
[r^l    represntative  of  the  first  settlers  of  King 
J     L    county,  was  born  in   Holland,  April  11, 
^  1817,  his  ancestry  having  for  generations 

lived  in  that  country,  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  Our  subject  was  upon  the  farm,  be- 
came an  expert  and  licensed  hunter,  and  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  the  locality.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen  years  he  became  subject  to  mili- 
tary duty  and  was  drafted  into  the  army,  join- 
ing the  Second  Battalion  of  Yagers,  and  being 
placed  upon  the  frontier  between  Holland  and 
Belgium.  He  was  engaged  in  this  service  a 
little  over  three  years,  until  peace  was  consum- 
mated between  the  two  countries.  He  then 
followed  hunting  for  the  nobility  and  farming 
with  his  parents  up  to  1847,  when  he  learned  of 
America  and  its  greater  opportunities,  and 
sailed  for  this  country  upon  the  bark  Suelhyd, 
from  Amsterdam,  and  after  a  passage  of  forty- 
nine  days  landed  in  New  York,  July  17,  1847. 
He  then  went  to  New  Jersey  and  worked  nine 
months  for  $35, — those  were  days  of  "  tariff 
for  revenue  only," — then  proceeded  from  Albany 
by  canal  to  Buffalo,  and  thence  by  lakes  and  river 
to  St.  Louis,  where  he  worked  live  months;  then 
to  Bloomington,  Iowa,  in  which  vicinity  he  re- 
mained until  the  spring  of  1850,  when  he  made 
one  of  a  party  of  eight  to  cross  the  plains  to 
California,  paying  |100  for  Ids  food  and  trans- 
portation. At  the  fork  of  California  and  Oregon 
roads,  they  decided  to  go  to  Oregon,  and  duly 
arrived  at  Oregon  City  September  21.  The 
trip  was  one  of  great  pleasure  to  Mr.  Van 
Asselt,  as  opportunity  was  given  for  hunting,  in 
which  he  was  very  successful.  Near  Oregon 
City  he  hired  with"^a  farmer  for  two  months  at 


niSTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


$75  per  month,  then  began  making  shingles, 
which  occupation  he  followed  np  to  February, 
1851,  when  he  joined  a  small  company  and 
went  to  the  gold  mines  of  northern  California. 
Much  time  was  spent  prospecting  and  about 
live  and  one-half  weeks  in  mining,  when  the 
water  gave  out  and  they  divided  their  accumu- 
lation, which  rendered  $1,000 -to  each  member 
of  tiie  party.  Flonr  was  selling  at  $1  per 
pound,  bacon    §1.25,  and    other  things   in  pro- 


jrtion,  and  he  decided  to  return  to  the  Willam- 


ette valley.  On  the  way  the  party  fell  in  with 
L.  M.  Collins,  who  had  a  claim  on  the  Nes- 
qually  river,  Washington  Territory,  and  learn- 
ing of  the  tine  tishing  and  hunting  in  that  sec- 
tion our  subject  was  easily  induced  to  accom- 
pany him.  They  celebrated  July  4,  1851,  at 
Oregon  City,  then  proceeded,  by  Tualatin 
plains,  to  St.  Helen.  While  crossing  the  river 
from  that  point  Mr.  Van  Asselt  accidently  shot 
himself  in  the  shoulder  and  was  obliged  to  re- 
turn to  St.  Helen  for  treatment,  and  there  re- 
mained thirty  days,  then  joined  his  friends  on 
the  ISTesqually.  While  boarding  with  Collins 
he  carefully  explored  the  country  in  every  di- 
rection for  a  place  of  settlement,  but  not  being 
satisfied,  he  decided  to  return  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  his  friends  would  accompany  him. 
This  did  not  suit  Collins:  so  he  spoke  of  tine 
farming  land  forty  miles  down  the  Sound, 
where  the  Indians  were  so  numerous  that  the 
whites  were  afraid  to  settle.  Van  Asselt  and 
Samuel  and  Jacob  Maples  then  agreed  to  go 
with  him,  and  on  September  12,  1851,  they 
started  npon  their  journey  in  a  small  canoe,  and, 
two  days  later,  entered  the  month  of  the 
Duwaraish  liver,  up  wliich  they  journeyed  to 
the  junction  of  the  White  and  Black  rivers. 
The  country  seeming  to  suit,  they  all  located 
claims  and  a  portion  of  the  one  taken  liy  Mr. 
Van  Asselt  still  remains  in  his  possession.  At 
this  time,  the  site  now  occupied  by  Seattle  was 
inhabited  solely  by  Indians,  and  there  was  not 
a  white  settler  within  the  boundaries  of  what  is 
now  King  county.  Returning  to  the  Nesqually, 
Mr.  Collins  sold  his  claim,  and  with  a  scow 
purchased  at  Olympia  the  combined  party  moved 
their  animals  and  effects  to  the  new  locality — 
where  they  built  log  cabins — and  witli  the  de- 
mand for  squared  timber  and  piling  from  the 
San  P^'ancisco  market,  they  engaged  in  supply- 
ing ships  and  in  cxrli.-in^e  ^t'ciired  the  necessa- 
ries of  life.  TIh:  liM:iii,,ii-  aliciily  made  were 
soon  followed  liy  the   tetrlemtMir  df  the  Dennys 


and  Terrys  at  Alki  point,  and  later  by  Mr. 
Yesler,  who  erected  a  sawmill,  thus  affording 
occupation  for  the  settlers  in  procuring  logs  for 
the  naill.  In  exchange  they  secured  lumber  for 
building  purposes.  The  hardships  and  priva- 
tions were  many,  while  the  settlers  were  con- 
stantly exposed  to  the  treachery  of  the  Indians 
who  surrounded  them.  Mr.  Van  Asselt  being 
an  expert  hunter  and  also  carrying  his  arm  in 
a  sling  much  of  the  time,  aroused  the  curiosity 
of  the  Indians,  and  they  wished  to  feel  the 
wound  and  the  shot  under  the  flesh,  and  being 
filled  with  superstition  they  believed  that  when 
a  man  was  shot  and  carried  the  lead  in  his  body 
he  could  not  be  killed  by  shooting.  This  no  . 
doubt  saved  him  from  many  assaults,  although 
his  life  was  threatened.  His  correct  aim  and 
deadly  fire  seemed  to  them  supernatural  and 
they  became  afraid  of  him  and  called  him 
"Sucway" —  devil.  In  September,  1855,  the 
Indian  war  broke  out  by  several  massacres  on 
White  river,  and  the  remaining;  settlers  fled  to 
the  block  houses  at  Seattle.  Throughout  the 
war  Mr.  Van  As.selt  rendered  valuable  service 
in  protecting  the  settlers,  and  in  1857  engaged 
in  carpentering  and  cabinet  work,  subsequently 
returning  to  his  farm  to  find  buildings  and 
fences  destroyed  and  everything  to  be  rebuilt. 

He  was  married  in  December,  18(32,  to  Jane, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Maples.  Tliis  union  was 
blessed  by  four  children:  Mary  A.,  deceased; 
Jacob  H.,  Hattie  J.,  wife  of  Kev.  W.  O.  Bana- 
dom,  and  Ella'  Nettie. 

In  1883  Mr.  Van  Asselt  removed  to  Hood 
river,  Oregiui,  and  farmed  for  six  years,  then 
returned  to  Seattle,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
retired  from  active  business.  He  lias  always 
been  a  supporter  of  Republican  principles  and 
qnite  active  in  the  campaigtis.  In  addition  to 
being  a  pioneer  and  State  builder  he  is  a  man  of 
strict  integrity  and  unsullied   reputation. 


Dj\  A.  SPENCEH,  secretai-y  and  manager  of 
'  the  Home  Fire  Insurance  Company  of 
'  Seattle,  was  born  in  Watertown,  Con- 
necticut, in  1840.  His  parents,  George  C.  and 
Eliza  (Partre)  Spencer,  were  natives  of  the 
same  State,  descended  from  Puritan  stock,  of 
English  and  French  Huguenot  ancestry.  George 
C.  followed  a  varied  occupation  in  Connecticut- 
and    subsequently    moved    to    Newburg,    New 


HISTORT    OF    WASirrNGTON. 


York,  where  he  engaged  extensively  in  the 
manufacture  of  soap.  His  sou,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  attended  the  conimon  schools  and 
then  entered  Williston  Seminary  in  Massa- 
chusetts, where  he  completed  his  education, 
lie  then  joined  his  father  at  JVewbur^  and 
was  engaged  in  the  factory  up  to  1860,  Vheu 
he  went  to  China  and  for  four  years  was 
employed  in  the  commission  houses  of  Bull, 
Purdon  &  Co.  of  Hong  Kong  and  H.  Fogg  tt 
Co.  of  Shanghai.  In  1864  Mr.  Spencer  re- 
turned to  the  United  States  and  began  the 
study  of  law  with  his  uncle.  Judge  John  Pitcher, 
of  Mt.  Vernon,  Indiana,  a  lawyer  of  promi- 
nence, who  died  in  1892,  aged  ninety-eight 
years,  and  being  the  last  living  member  of  the 
first  Indiana  Legislature.  Mr.  Spencer  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  Mt.  Vernon,  in  1865,  when 
by  reason  of  the  illness  of  his  mother,  he  re- 
turned home  and  at  his  father's  urgent  request 
joined  him  in  the  manufacturing  business.  In 
1868  the  factory  was  sold  and  our  subject  en- 
gaged in  the  life  insurance  business  in  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania.  This  occupation  he 
followed  two  years,  then  accompanied  his  father 
to  Atlanta,  Georgia,  and  engaged  in  manufac- 
turing. On  account  of  the  unsettled  conditions 
existing  in  the  South  the  business  was  not  a 
success,  and  Mr.  Spencer  entered  the  Govern- 
ment service  in  the  office  of  the  United  States 
Marshal  at  Atlanta,  and  as  cashier  and  Chief 
Deputy  remained  until  1877,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed United  States  Treasury  Agent,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  January  1,  1880. 
He  then  resigned  and  settled  in  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
and  was  there  appointed  Deputy  Connty  Treas- 
urer, and  held  the  office  until  1884,  when  he  re- 
moved to  San  Francisco,  and,  in  January,  1885, 
went  into  the  office  of  the  Pacific  Insurance 
Union.  In  February,  1887,  he  became  special 
agent  and  adjuster  for  the  Oakland  Home  In- 
surance Company,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  October,  1889,  to  accept  the  secretaryship  and 
general  management  of  the  Home  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Seattle.  This  company  was 
established  in  1888  by  the  leading  bankers  and 
business  men  of  the  city,  with  a  subscribed  cap- 
ital of  $100,000,  only  ten  per  cent,  of  which 
was  paid  up.  When  the  great  tire  of  1889 
swept  through  the  city  of  Seattle,  like  n:any 
another  local  company,  the  Home  had  a  large 
amount  of  insurance  in  that  portion  of  the  city 
which  bu!-ned  and  the  loss  to  the  company 
amounted  to  $85,000.     In  spite  of  the  fact  that 


almost  every  stockholder  was  an  individual  loser, 
the  money  was  at  once  put  up  and  the  losses 
paid  as  promptly  as  those  of  any  other  company 
doing  business  in  the  city.  The  stockholders 
immediately  voted  $150,000  additional  stock, 
which  with  the  e.xception  of  small  amounts  was 
taken  by  the  original  iiolders;  and  there  has 
been  comparatively  little  change  in  the  company 
to  this  date.  When  Mr.  Spencer  assumed  the 
management  the  company  was  doing  very  little 
business,  but  his  experience  added  a  new  im- 
petus, and  the  company  is  now  classed  among 
the  tirst  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Spencer  was  married  at  Newburg,  New 
York,  in  1868,  to  Miss  Ida  J.  Rayner,  a  native 
of  New  York  city.  They  have  two  children, 
Mary  and  Edward  A.  Mr.  Spencer  is  a  devotee 
of  his  profession,  and,  being  endowed  with  keen 
foresight  and  good  judgment,  is  eminently  fitted 
for  the  position  to  which  he  was  so  honorably 
called. 


,^.i;^i^.^^i^. 


EORGE  II.  FORTSON,  City  Attorney  of 
■  /  Seattle,  was  born  in  Elberton,  Georgia, 
4  October  19,  1860.  His  parents,  George 
^  G.  and  Louisa  S.  (Wall)  Fortson,  were 
natives  of  the  same  State,  tiieir  ancestors  having 
settled  in  the  State  prior  to  the  war  of  the  Rev- 
olution. George  G.  Fortson  was  a  planter  by 
occupation  upon  an  extensive  scale,  owning  and 
operating  about  2,500  acres  of  land.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  reared  upon  the  farm 
and  educated'  in  the  schools  of  the  locality.  He 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  up  to  January, 
1882,  when  he  completed  his  law  studies  at 
Washington,  Georgia,  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Hon.  William  M.  Reese,  ex-Superior  Judge 
and  one  of  the  most  prominent  attorneys  of  the 
State.  In  September  following  Mr.  F'ortson 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  before  the  superior 
court  of  Georgia.  lie  entered  at  once  into 
practice  and  formed  the  co-partnership  of  Col- 
ley  &  Fortson,  which  continued  about  two  years. 
Iti  November,  1885,  he  went  to  Palatka,  Flor- 
ida, and  engaged  in  practice,  and  also  invested 
in  fnrit  lands,  but  during  the  winter  following, 
the  orange  trees  were  nearly  destroyed  by  frost, 
and  the  loss  of  fruit  was  followed  by  a  year  of 
terrible  depression,  whicii  brought  financial  dis- 
aster upon  Mr.  Fortson  and  he  left  the  country 
in  the  fall  of  1886  with  barely  enough  money 


c^^^^/a^ 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


to  reach  the  Pacific  coast.     Landing  at  Olym- 
pia,  he  then  visited  Tacoma  and  S^nttlp,  finan- 
cially  stranded   and   without  '  t]ie 
Territory.     It  was  not  a  ijue-'  ng 
law  with  him  then.  !iut    ■■■■w                              ^fe, 
and   he  accepts i                                           ^'u-red, 
which  wafi  a.^                                            the   Port 
Blakely   pmv-'.                                     .. -e    monrhs 
he  rc'turi                                        "ihI  employment 
at  e.leriiM'                                      :  orfice,  and  was 
thi,-                                  ......uv.   1889,  when  he 

ei!'  .fya   I.and  Office,  where 

he   '  lime  of  the  disastrous 

tin;  "f  .liuu-,  l^"'.'.  tic  then  decided  to  take 
his  chances  with  the  other  lawyers,  all  being 
without  libraries,  and  he  once  more  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  opened 
an  othce  and,  shortly  after,  the  firm  of  Crocket, 
l?rown  &  Fortson  was  formed  and  continued 
about  one  year.  In  the  summer  of  1891  the  co- 
partnership of  Fortson  &  McElroy  was  formed, 
and,  they  condncted  a  profitable  busiiiess  up 
to  Jiiue.  189!?.  when  it  was  dissolved  and  Mr. 
Fortson  eutori  !  cp'-n  tho  discharge  of  the  du- 
ties of  City  Attorney. 

He  is  a  mom  her  of  the  Seattle  Bar  Associ- 
ation, the  K.  i.t  r*  ■iiid  of  Company  B,  iMrst 
Regiment  Natl.  v:ishington,  which 

last  he  joined  ii'  .  'lieh  by  •''ncces- 

sive  promotion  lit  ■..  '   '•♦' 

Second  Lieutenant.     \'' 

severance  and  studious  :, 

steadily  ascended  the  scale  ct  mutcs-    .■•' 

has  made   for  himself  a  position  and  a 

among    the    professional    men    of    the    ci;\ 

Seattle. 


EOHGE  A.  IlILL  was  born  near  Is'ash- 
■  ville,  Tennessee,  in  1842.  His  father, 
Kenben  C.  Hill,  a  physician  and  acti'*^ 
^  Baptist  clergyman,  married  Margaret 
Lair  of  Kentucky,  i'hey  moved  to  Mist^ouri  in 
1849,  and  after  making  his  family  comf'ortHl)le 
in  their  new  home  ujion  a  farm,  in  1850,  Dr. 
Hill  cro.ssed  the  plains  to  California,  leaving 
his  (ildi^r  children  t.)  look  after  their  mother  .•^rul 
the  farm.  In  IxToi  l>r.  Hill  returned  to  his 
family  and  in  ]S58  i-rofieil  the  plains  with  them 
to  Oregon  and  located  in  [?enton  county,  sub- 
sequently removing  to  Albany,  where  he  actively 
followed  his  profession.  In  politics  he  was  an 
pld-linp    AVhig,  and  an  earnest  worker  in   the 


State,  serving^  sevpra!  terms 
George  A.  spt--'    '•■     '-..'.vi,.  . 
improving  ti^ 
county  and  i 
age  of    nine  • 
Albany,  but  :■■: 
mines  in  Id.'i' 
plawr   minii:^.    . 
encountering  the  va' 
danger  aisd  adversity  v.  . 
the  average  miner.      Itti.i!  . 
then   eogaged   in   the  dniL' 
father  and  began  reading  ni. 
apt  student,  he  soon  becatni 
successfully    conducted     fin 


serve' 
wltile 


the  Legislature, 
upon  the  farm, 
ilities  which  tlie 
ifforded.  At  the 
ching  school  in 
ed  for  the  Boise 
I  three  years  in 
id  packing,  and 
inces  of  success, 
rk  the  history  of 
y  to  Albany  he 
siness  with  his 
dne.  Being  an 
able  chemist  and 
nsiness  for  six 
time  as  a  mem- 
L874  he  retired 
ept  the  office  of 
ich  capacity  he 
In  the  mean- 
law  during  his 
hours  or  U'l-iire.  mu  uni"!'  the  combined  strain 
his  health  became  impaired  and  he  went  to 
eastern  Oregon  for  change  of  climate  and  there 
engaged  in  the  health-giving  exercise  of  stock 
farming.  This  he  continued  about  three  years 
whe«  los-  (if  croic  and  li.di.in  depredations 
drove  '■'  ■•;bstantially  with- 

out til  .  fall  of  1880  he 

aiiently  located. 
I  the  bar  and  en- 
uently  forming 
Mor.-i';-'  ■■-:'^    i;  .^'■■.'   ■'  eston,  which  as- 
M  continued  until  1>>J,  when   Mr.    Hill 
'ted  Police  Magi.strate,  a  position  to  which 
liu  was  re-elected  in   1S86,  serving  throughout 
iioth  terras.     He  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law,  giving  particular  attention  to 
land   practice.     He  has  dealt   quite  largely   in 
real  estate,  in  which  line  of    operations  he  has 
disr-layed   good    judgment,  k«.en  foresight  and 
has  :icciuired  a  modest  conipetesicy. 

N!.-  "n'M  wns  ninri--!-ri   -x  ^!bany,  in   1870.  to 

r-iereiuiah  Driggs, 

Three   children 

-n,  two  of  whom 

■  '■•n.ald  V.  S. 

■  with  the  F.  &  A. 
M,oL  O.  O.   F.,  I. 

He  speaks  with 

lite  volunteer  fire 

(l(']):irrinenr.      Having    served   in   Albany  from 

1S72  up  to  the  time  of  his  leaving  that  city,  he 

became  identified  with  similar  work  in  Seattle. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


He  was  oue  of  the  organizers  of  Company  No. 
4,  and  an  active  member  nntil  the  serTice  was 
changed  to  a  paid  department.  He  also  served 
as  President  of  the  Board  of  Fire  Commission- 
ers. While  the  management  of  his  private  af- 
fairs consumes  much  of  his  time,  Mr.  Hill  is 
ever  ready  with  encouragejnent  and  financial 
support  in  aiding  snch  enterprises  as  tend  to- 
ward the  development  of  Seattle.  He  is  a  man 
of  pleasing  addresses,  genial  and  kindly  in- 
stincts, and  possesses  many  warm  friends,  while 
his  honesty  and  integrity  command  the  respect 
of  all  who  know  him. 

— ^M^^W^ — 

CHARLES  MIXOT  SHEAFE.— One  of 
the  representative  business  men  of  Seattle, 
was  born  in  Durham,  New  Hampshire, 
January  IB,  1843.  His  parents,  James  S.  and 
Eunice  (Dodge),  Sheafe,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State,  where  their  ancestors  settled  at  a  time  in 
the  early  history  of  New  England.  James  S. 
Sheafe  was  connected  with  railroad  work  as 
early  as  1843,  as  employee  of  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad.  In  1849  he  located  at  Waverly, 
New  York,  as  agent  of  the  New  York  &  Erie 
Railroad,  and  in  1865  removed  to  Elmira,  New 
York,  as  agent  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad, 
and  there  continued  up  to  his  death  in  1891, 
after  having  devoted  upwards  of  fifty  years  to 
railroad  work. 

Charles  M.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  New  York  State  and  at  the  academy  at  Dur- 
ham, New  Hampshire.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
years  he  began  his  career  in  railroad  work  as 
messenger  boy  at  Hornellsville,  where  his  father 
was  then  located.  In  1859  he  became  car  clerk 
at  Susquehanna,  and  shortly  after  secured  a 
position  as  fireman  on  a  locomotive  running 
from  Susquehanna  to  Hornellsville.  After  two 
years'  experience  he  was  made  engineer  and  con- 
tinued in  that  capacity  for  three  years.  He  then 
spent  one  year  in  Colorado  in  mining  enter- 
prises, after  which  he  returned  to  railroad  work 
as  brakeman  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
from  Boone  westward.  After  about  six  weeks 
he  was  made  conductor  and  continued  in  that 
position  about  three  years.  He  was  then' em- 
ployed as  engineer  on  the  Soiithern  Pacific  from 
Junction  City,  Kansas,  south,  during  construc- 
tion. One  year  later  the  road  was  reorganized 
fis    the    Missouri,    Kansas    ifc    Texas,    and    Mr. 


Sheafe  served  as  conductor  tw'o  years,  as  divis- 
ion superintendent  four  years,  and  as  superin- 
tendent of  transportation,  with  duties  pertaining 
to  tlie  office  of  general  superintendent  up  to 
August,  1881,  when  Jay  Gould  took  possession 
of  the  road  and  the  old  employees  were  permitted 
to  resign. 

On  January  1,  1882,  Mr.  Sheafe  went  to  New 
Orleans  as  General  Superintendent  of  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans  Railroad,  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  up  to  August, 
1886,  when  he  resigned  and  removed  to  Seattle, 
which  city  he  had  visited  during  the  summer  of 
1885.  That  visit  resulted  in  his  being  con- 
nected as  trustee  and  manager  with  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Puget  Sound  Construction  Com- 
])any,  which  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of 
$500,000,  for  the  purpDseof  building  the  first 
forty  miles  of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern 
Railroad.  Mr.  Sheafe  was  also  one  of  the  pro- 
moters of  the  Bellingham  Railway  and  Naviga- 
tion Company,  and  has  encouraged  by  advice 
and  financial  support  many  of  the  enterprises  of 
development  in  and  about  the  city  of  Seattle. 
In  1887  he  engaged  actively  in  the  real-estate 
business  in  buying  and  selling  outside  property 
and  improving  the  same  for  sale  and  investment. 

He  was  married  at  Jefferson,  Iowa,  in  1868, 
to  Miss  Anna  Jones,  a  native  of  Illinois.  Six 
children  have  been  born  of  this  union:  Lois, 
now  Mrs.  Howard  Joslyn ;  Harry  J.,  Charles  M., 
James  S.,  Ralph  J.  and  Ruth. 

Socially  Mr.  Sheafe  affiliates  with  the  Knights 
Templar,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  was  among  the  first 
members  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of 
Seattle,  and  served  as  Trustee  for  two  years,  and 
is  a  man  of  recognized  ability  and  sound  judg- 
ment, particularly  as  applied  to  the  interior  de- 
velopment of  a  growing  city. 


CHARLES  D.  EMERY,  United  States 
Commissioner  at  Seattle,  and  for  many 
years  one  of  the  representative  members 
of  the  legal  profession  of  that  city,  was  born  in 
Wellsborough,  Pennsylvania,  May  17,  1833. 
His  father,  Josiah  Emery,  was  a  native  of  Con- 
cord, New  Hampshire,  descended  from  John 
Emery,  who  landed  in  Boston,  from  England,  on 
June  3,  1635.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
Miss  Julia  Beecher,  daughter  of  Hon.  John 
Beecher  of  Connecticut,  a  family  distinguished 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


in  literature  and  the  church,  for  its  able  writ- 
ings and  profound  expositions  of  divine  truths. 
Josiah  Emery  was  educated  at  Dartmouth  and 
Union  Colleges,  graduating  in  1828.  He  then 
went  to  Pennsylvania  and  read  law,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1881.  He  immediately  en- 
gaged in  a  general  ]jractice  which  he  continued 
up  to  1871  when  he  retired  and  spent  the  clos- 
ing years  of  his  life  at  Williarasport  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Charles  D.  Emery  was  educated  at  Wells- 
borough  Academy  and  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  He  then 
returned  to  W^iiliamsport  and  to  civil  life,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  December,  1853.  He 
at  once  engaged  in  a  general  practice  in  Will- 
iamsport,  and  continued  this  until  1872,  within 
that  time  performing  ethcient  service  as  District 
Attorney  for  his  county,  for  a  period  of  three 
years.  In  1872,  he  came  to  Seattle  and  at  once 
opened  an  office  for  the  practice  of  law,  the  town 
then  being  composed  of  a  little  settlement  of 
about  1,500  inhabitants.  As  a  man  of  literary  at- 
tainments and  a  judicial  mind,  he  soon  came  to 
the  front  in  iiis  profession  and  enjoyed  a  ver}' 
representative  clientage  up  to  1887,  when  he 
retireil  from  active  prartice  upon  his  appoint- 
ment, by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory, 
to  the  position  of  United  States  Commissioner, 
which  appointment  was  extended  by  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court,  after  the  Territory  was 
admitted  to  Statehood  in  1880.  Since  his  ap- 
|)ointment  to  the  above  office  the  Judge  prac- 
tices only  in  the  United  States  Courts. 

He  was  married  in  Philadelphia  in  1858,  to 
Miss  Lavinia  D.  Evans,  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
To  this  union  have  been  given  four  children: 
Uac,  willow  of  Judge  Henry  E.  Hathaway,  de- 
(■i;i-.m1;  Mary,  wife  of  James  D.  Lowman,  of 
Seattle;  David  and  Frances. 


fON.    JOHN    H.    LONG,    a  resident  of 


Ui 

1 1=1     Lewis   county,  Washington,  since   1865, 
I     4!.    has  been  prominently  identified  with  this 
■f/  part  of    the  Northwest.     It  is  therefore 

appropriate  that  some  personal  mention  be  made 
of  him  in  this  work,  and  the  foUoAving  facts  have 
been  gleaned  for  pirblication. 

John  H.  Long  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
in  1845,  and  in  that  city  the  first  fourteen  years 
of  his  life  were  spent.     Removing  from  Ohio  to 


Iowa,  he  lived  in  Henry  county  three  years.  In 
1864  he  went  to  Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  came  to  Lewis  county,  Washington. 
On  this  long  journey  to  the  far  West  Mr.  Long 
drove  an  ox  team  to  pay  for  his  board.  He  had 
good  educational  advantages  in  his  youth,  is  a 
man  of  natural  ability,  and  was  soon  recognized 
as  a  leader  in  the  pioneer  community  in  which 
he  settled.  In  1868  he  was  elected  Assessor  of 
Lewis  county  and  two  years  later  was  elected 
County  Treasurer.  He  was  elected  Represent- 
ative in  1876,  Territorial  Councilman  in  1880, 
and  State  Senator  in  1880.  In  all  of  these  offi- 
cial positions  he  performed  his  duty  with  the 
strictest  fidelity  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
his  constituents.  In  1892  his  name  was  prom- 
inently mentioned  for  Governor  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Long  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife's  name  was  Deborah  W.  Hodgdon.  She 
was  l)orn  in  Massachusetts  in  1850,  emigrated 
to  Thurston  county,  Washington,  in  1857,  re- 
moved to  Lewis  county  in  1867  and  was  mar- 
ried to  Mr.  Long  in  1868,  and  died  in  El  Paso, 
Texas,  March  7,  1892.  She  left  six  children, 
as  follows:  Mrs.  W.  P.  Alen,  of  Tacoma,  and 
Charles  E.,  Fred  W.,  Stanley  B.,  Josephine  M. 
and  Harry  W.  Mr.  Long's  second  marriage  oc- 
cui'red  March  1,  1893,  the  lady  of  his  choice  be- 
ing Henrietta  Steward.  She  is  a  native  of  In- 
diana, has  been  a  resident  of  Lewis  county, 
Washington,  since  1890. 

D\R.  JAMES  SHANNON,  president  of  the 
I  Board  of  Health,  a  medical  practitioner 
— -  in  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Belle- 
ville, Ontario,  Canada,  June  6,  1861.  His 
father,  Daniel  Shannon,  of  Ireland,  emigrated 
to  Canada  in  boyhood  and  was  there  reared  and 
educated.  He  there  married  Miss  Margaret 
Crawford.  The  early  life  of  James  Shannon 
was  passed  upon  the  farm  and  in  prosecuting 
his  studies  at  St.  Catherines'  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute and  at  the  Ottawa  Normal  School.  His 
education  was  acquired  by  personal  effort  in 
teaching  school,  which  he  begun  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  years,  thus  enabling  him  to  graduate 
from  the  normal  school  in  1881.  He  then 
continued  his  teaching  by  day  and  employed 
his  evenings  in  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  Defoe,  up  to  1884, 
when  he  came    to    Seattle,    and    then    entered 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
California  and  graduated  therefrom  in  1887. 
Eeing  offered  the  position  of  house  snrgeon  in 
tlie  city  and  county  hospital  of  San  Francisco, 
lie  accepted  the  appointment  and  discharged  the 
duties  of  the  office  for  one  year,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Seattle  and  engaged  in  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession.  After  spending  one 
year  in  getting  himself  established  and  in  build- 
ing up  a  patronage,  he  sent  for  his  brother.  Dr. 
W.  A.  Shannon,  a  medical  graduate  of  Trinity 
Medical  School  of  Toronto,  and  witli  him  or- 
ganized the  co-partnership  of  Shannon  &  Shan- 
non, whicii  has  been  continued  in  general 
practice  and  surgery. 

With  the  reorganization  of  the  city  in  1890 
under  the  new  charter,  provision  was  made  for 
the  Board  of  Health,  and  our  subject  was  one 
of  three  physicians  appointed  by  the  mayor  to 
perform  the  duties  of  that  office,  and  during 
the  present  year  is  president  of  that  body. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle  in  1891,  to  Miss 
Monica  Crowkall,  of  Berlin,  Ontario,  and  tlie 
issue  of  this  union  has  been  one  son,  Charles. 

Socially,  Dr.  Shannon  affiliates  with  tlie  In- 
dependent Order  of  Foresters,  the  Young  Men's 
Institute  and  the  State  and  King  County  Medi- 
cal societies.  The  Doctor  has  built  a  comfort- 
able home  on  the  corner  of  Rose  and  Madison 
streets,  and  is  thoroughly  identified  with  the 
substantial  growth  and  development  of  his 
adopted  city. 


f^*- 


-^-IC^ 


CHARLES  H.  BAKER,  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  November  30, 
1864.  His  father,  William  T.  Baker,  is 
a  native  of  Winfield,  New  York,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  the  county,  and  received 
his  first  business  training  while  clerk  in  a  coun- 
try store.  He  located  in  Chicago  about  1860 
as  clerk  in  a  grain  commission  house,  subse- 
quently becoming  a  partner  of  the  firm  of 
Knight,  Baker  &  Co.,  and  later  W.T.  Baker  & 
Co.  The  firm  are  widely  known  for  their  ex- 
tensive operations  in  grain,  and  for  developing 
the  possibility  of  shipping  grain  direct  from 
Chicago  to  Liverpool,  they  being  the  first  to 
load  vessels  at  Chicago,  and,  via  the  St.  Law- 
rence river,  to  reach  tlie  sea  without  reloading. 
Mr.  Baker  retired  from  business  in  1891  to  ac- 
cept  the  position  of  President  of  the  World's 


Columbian  Exposition  Association,  to  which 
office  he  was  re-elected  in  April,  1892,  but  re- 
signed in  October  following,  owing  to  ill  health. 

Charles  H.  received  his  preparatory  education 
in  the  schools  of  Chicago,  and  graduated  as  a 
civil  engineer  from  Cornell  University  in  1886. 
He  then  went  to  Dakota  and  was  employed 
with  a  surveying  party  on  the  Chicago  Ar  North- 
western Railroad  up  to  January,  1887,  when  he 
came  to  Seattle  and  engaged  as  draughtsman  in 
the  office  of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern 
Railroad.  In  1888  he  was  appointed  Division 
Engineer  in  charge  of  maintenance  of  way  and 
so  continued  up  to  May,  1889,  when  he  re- 
signed and  engaged  in  general  engineering  and 
contract  work.  In  September,  1889,  he  organ- 
ized the  firm  of  Baker,  Balch  &  Co.,  and  fol- 
lowed surveying  and  electric  engineering  for 
one  year,  then  withdrew  and  continued  business 
as  Charles  H.  Baker  &  Co.,  contracting  engi- 
neers. In  1892  he  secured  the  contract  for  the 
Spokane  &  Montrose  Electric  Railway,  three 
miles  in  extent,  which  he  built  and  equipped, 
and  the  same  year  laid  ten  miles  of  ti-ack  (in- 
cluding switches)  for  the  Rainier  Power  &  Rail- 
way Company,  the  line  extending  from  Y^esler 
avenue  to  Ravenna  park.  He  also  constructed 
the  power  house  and  turned  over  the  road  in 
running  order,  fully  equipped. 

Mr.  Baker  was  married  at  Rome,  New  York, 
in  June,  1888,  to  Miss  Gladys  G.  France,  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois.  Two  children  have  blessed  the 
union:  William  T.,  Jr.,  and  Leslie  B.  T.  The 
family  reside  at  Brighton  Beach,  on  Lake  AYash- 
ington,  where  Mr.  Baker  has  improved  a  beauti- 
ful home  called  Enfield,  which  embraces  nine 
acres,  highly  improved  in  garden  lawns  etc., 
with  a  water  front  of  700  feet. 


f^^ 


"«^^ 


J  I  W.  SPRIGGS,  United  States  Commis- 
sioner of  Washington,  and  resident  of 
—  Seattle,  was  born  in  Noble  county,  Ohio, 
February  9,  1847.  His  parents,  M.  D.  and 
Katherine  (Pool)  Spriggs,  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, but  after  marriage  located  in  Ohio  and 
later  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Spriggs  continuing  an 
agricultural  life.  J.  W.  Spriggs  w-as  reared 
upon  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools 
up  to  his  seventeenth  year,  when  he  began 
teaching  and  thus  paid  his  way  while  pursuing 
the  higher  branches  of  study  at  the  high  school 


tllSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


at  Senecaville.  He  stiidied  law  with  his  brother, 
J.  V.  Springs,  at  Woodfield,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1869.  He  then  removed 
to  Clay  city,  Clay  county,  Illinois,  as  principal 
of  the  high  school,  tilling  that  position  for 
two  years,  when  he  located  at  Xenia,  Illinois, 
engai);ed  in  the  practice  of  law  and  was  subse- 
quently elected  City  Attorney.  In  1875  he  en- 
tered the  ministry  of  the  Christian  Church, 
influenced  l)y  the  spirit  to  proclaim  the  princi- 
ples of  divine  truth  as  understood  by  that  de- 
nomination, and  in  churches  of  Xenia,  Pekin, 
Williamsville,  Minier  and  Washington  was  en- 
gaged until  the  spring  of  1882,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  the  church  in  Salem,  Oregon,  and 
was  there  located  until  1885,  when  he  again 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  forming  a  co- 
partnership under  the  firm  name  of  Dawne, 
Richardson  &  Spriggs.  Mr.  Dawne  was  subse- 
quently appointed  United  States  District  Judge 
of  Alaska,  and  Mr.  Richardson  became  City 
Attorney  of  Salem. 

In  1888  Mr.  Spriggs  removed  to  Seattle  and 
spent  two  years  in  the  offices  of  County  Audi- 
tor and  United  States  Marshal.  In  1889  he 
]'eturned  to  his  profession,  and  in  1890  was  ap- 
pointed United  States  Commissioner  by  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court,  and  since  has 
given  his  attention  to  the  duties  of  that  office, 
the  references  of  the  District  Court  and  Ad- 
miralty proceedings  occupying  much  of  his 
time.  He  was  married  in  Xenia,  Illinois,  in 
1871,  to  Miss  Kate  Gibson,  of  Indiana.  They 
have  had  six  children,  five  of  whom  survive: 
Winifred,  now  Mrs.  Irwin  Watson,  of  Portland; 
Florence,  Lotta,  Edna  and  Imo. 


I 


jILLIAM  D.  WOODS,  president  of  the 
Green  Lake  Electric  liailway  Company, 
and  one  of  tlie  enterprising  developers 
of  the  suburbs  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Marin 
county,  California,  December  1,  1858.  His 
father,  Guy  M.  Wood,  was  a  native  of  Canada, 
but  emigrated  to  California  in  1853,  by  sailing 
vessel,  around  Cape  Horn.  He  followed  mining 
for  a  short  time,  then  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-raising,  subsequently  marrying  Miss  Sarah 
J.  Bell,  of  Canada,  and  continuing  his  interests 
in  California  until  about  1890,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Seattle  to  be  near  his  sons,  including 
the   subject  of    this    sketch.     AVilliam    D.  was 


educated  in  the  schools  of  Marin  county  and  at 
Napa  College,  where  he  completed  his  academic 
course.  He  then  engaged  in  teaching,  which 
he  followed  about  three  years.  In  1880  he  went 
to  San  Francisco  and  entered  the  office  of  Co- 
lumbus Bartlett,  in  the  study  of  law,  also  at- 
tending lectures  at  the  Hastings  Law  College,  a 
department  of  the  State  University,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882.  Learning  of  the 
activity  and  enterprise  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Seattle,  he  then  came  direct  to  this  city  of  the 
Sound  and  there  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  Without  a  friend  in  the  city, 
he  made  the  acquaintance  of  J.  T.  Ronald,  the 
present  Mayor  of  Seattle;  a  copartnership  was 
formed  between  them  and  continued  about  one 
year.  After  the  firm  dissolved,  Mr.  Wood  pur- 
sued a  general  practice  and  also  engaged  in 
court  reporting,  having  acquired  short-hand 
while  in  San  Fi-ancisco.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
Probate  Judge  of  King  county,  and  served  two 
years.  Fie  then  formed  a  partnershij)  with  A. 
C.  Bowman,  and  engaged  in  court  rejiorting  and 
stenographic  work  up  to  1887,  when  he  sold  out 
and  devoted  his  time  to  real-estate  enterprises. 
Mr.  Wood  first  engaged  in  the  real-estate  busi- 
ness in  1883,  by  investing  his  modest  savings 
in  suburban  property  and  turning  it  as  oppor- 
tunity offered.  Thus  he  continued  in  small 
operations  up  to  1887,  when  the  increasing 
population  and  activity  in  real  estate  caused  him 
to  give  his  entire  attention  to  that  class  of  busi- 
ness. He  also  formed  a  copartnership  with 
Eben  S.  Osborne  in  the  abstract  business,  giving 
personal  attention  thereto  until  1889,  when  he 
sold  out  to  enter  actively  into  real-estate  specu- 
lations. Having  purchased  600  acres  in  the 
vicinity  of  Green  Lake,  his  entire  attention  was 
given  to  the  developing  of  that  suburb.     Trans- 


po 


•tation  being  an  essential  featui 


became 


isociated  with  Dr.  E.  C.  Kilbourne,  and  organ- 
ized the  Green  Lake  Electric  Railway  to  connect 
with  the  Consolidated  Electric  Line  at  Fremont. 
Mr.  Wood  was  made  president  of  the  company, 
and  four  and  a  half  miles  of  track  were  laid 
through  the  tract  and  nearly  around  the  Green 
Lake.  The  line  was  then  put  into  operation  and 
the  same  year  he  platted  Wood's  Green  Lake 
Park  Addition,  Wood's  South  Shore  Addition, 
and  Wood's  South  Division  of  Green  Lake,  add- 
ing in  1890,  the  Woodlawn  Addition  to  Green 
Lake;  and  in  1892,  the  Green  Lake  Home  Ad- 
dition. To  facilitate  building  and  development, 
he  organized    in    April,  1891,  the    Green   Lake 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINaTOiT. 


Home  Building  &  Guarantee  Company,  with  a 
capital  of  !J5300,000.  Of  this  company  he  is 
president  and  manager.  This  company  pro- 
poses to  erect  homes  on  the  installment  plan 
and  negotiate  ail  class  of  securities  received  in 
exchange. 

Mr.  Wood  was  married  in  Napa  City,  Cali- 
fornia, in  1888,  to  Miss  Emma  Wallingford,  a 
daughter  of  Captain  J.  N.  Wallingford,  a  na- 
tive of  Minnesota.  Two  children  were  born  of 
this  union,  and  both  are  now  deceased. 

In  1889,  after  AVasliington  was  admitted  to 
Statehood,  Mr.  Wood  was  the  nominee  of  the 
Republican  party  for  State  Senator,  and  was  duly 
elected  under  the  enabling  act,  thus  serving  but 
one  year.  He  is  now  one  of  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  Washington.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Plymouth  Congregational  Church,  Superin- 
tendendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  takes  an 
active  interest  in  church  work,  as  well  as  all 
that  pertains  to  the  development  of  Seattle,  the 
"  Queen  City  of  the  Northwest." 


LFRED  A.  PLIIMMER,  deceased.— This 
pioneer  of  the  port  of  entry  was  born  at 
,  Alfred,  Maine,  Marcii  3,  1822.  He  was 
the  sou  of  John  and  Eliza  Adams  Plum- 
mer,  of  an  old  family  of  the  Pine  Tree  State. 
In  early  life  young  Plummer  removed  to  Bos- 
ton and  learned  the  saddlery  and  harness  trade, 
thereby  acquiring  practical  ideas,  and  the  facile 
use  of  his  hands,  thus  fitting  himself  for  the 
varied  work  of  the  pioneer  on  our  coast.  In 
1849  he  left  for  the  Pacific  shores,  coming  with 
the  argonauts  who  steered  their  way  across  the 
sea  of  grass  and  the  deserts  of  the  West, — one 
of  those  hardy,  keen  characters  that  lind  a 
world  of  resources  within  their  own  hearts  and 
minds  sutKcient  for  any  demand  to  be  made  upon 
a  human  being;  and  he  most  fully  justified  this 
confidence  in  his  after  career.  At  San  Fran- 
cisco he  engaged  for  a  time  in  the  hotel  busi- 
ness, but,  feeling  the  drift  of  destiny  still  farther 
up  the  coast,  boarded,  in  1850,  the  brig  Emory, 
Captain  Balch,  and  arrived  in  the  strait  April 
24.  The  present  site  of  the  port  was  then 
wholly  uninhabited;  but,  seeing  its  great  natu- 
ral advantages  as  the  first  really  practical  laud- 
ing at  the  entrance  of  the  Sound  waters,  he  laid 
there  his  donation  claim,  and  with  Charles 
jQatchelder,  became  the  first  settler  of  the  place. 


His  little  clearing  and  log  cabin  on  the  hill  long 
remained  to  tell  the  tale  of  his  early  labors  and 
solitary  exertions. 

In  1853  his  home  ties  were  strengthened  by 
liis  marriage  to  Miss  Anna  Hill,  a  most  amiable 
and  intelligent  lady  who  bore  to  him  a  family 
of  nine  children:  Laura  A.  (deceased),  Alfred 
A.,  Enoch  F.,  Mary  E.,  Ida  M.,  Alphonso  (de- 
ceased], Frank,  Annie  Laura,  and  George, — all 
persons  of  marked  and  elevated  character. 

Mr.  Plummer  early  engaged  with  Hastings  & 
Pettygrove  in  merchandising, and  duringhis  long 
residence  was  one  of  the  most  upright  and  pub- 
lic-spirited citizens  of  the  port.  During  the 
Indian  war  of  1856  he  was  Captain  of  the  Port 
Townsend  Guards,  and  never  shirked  a  public 
duty.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Republi- 
can convention  of    Washington  Territory. 

He  died  May  19,  1883,  and  the  following 
obituary  notice  shows  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held  by  the  people  of  his  community:  "  The 
people  of  tins  city  were  shocked  and  sorely 
grieved  to  learn  of  the  sudden  demise  of  its 
honored  pioneer  citizen.  Mr.  Plummer  was 
the  first  white  settler  in  Port  Townsend,  being 
followed  soon  after  by  Messrs.  Pettygrove,  Hast- 
ings, Clinger  and  others.  His  little  clearing 
and  log  hut  on  the  hill  long  remained  to  tell  a 
tale  of  pioneer  labor,  and  a  venture  into  a  wild 
country  inhabited  by  savages.  Here  the  best 
years  of  his  years  of  his  life  were  spent;  here 
his  entire  family  of  sons  and  daughters  were 
born  and  i-eared;  here  tiie  wife  of  his  bosom 
labored  at  his  side  in  an  honored  and  useful 
career:  here  he  saw  the  fruits  of  patient  effori 
crowned  by  a  gratifying  result — a  prosperous 
town  grown  up  from  the  small  beginning  started 
by  his  own  efforts.  Mr.  Plummer  was  not  an 
ostentatious  man,  but  preferred  to  pursue  that 
even  tenor  so  often  crowned  with  success.  His 
friends  and  neighbors,  who  are  legion,  sincerely 
mourn  his  death,  and  realize  that  the  place  has 
sustained  a  serious  loss." 


V^^^~ 


SRAEL  KATZ,  proprietor  of  the  largest  and 
general  mercantile  establishment  in  Port 
Townsend,  was  born  in  Germany,  June  10, 
1851.  There  he  was  reared,  educated,  and  at 
an  early  age  entered  the  store  of  his  father  and 
laid  the  foundation  for  his  subsequent  mercan- 
tile success.  In  1866  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  direct  to  San  Francisco,  and  to  the  home 


HiaTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


63i 


of  liis  uncle,  E.  L.  Goldstein,  with  whom  he 
remained  two  years,  attended  the  schools  of  the 
city  and  learned  the  English  laiii^nage.  In  1868 
he  came  to  Port  Townsend,  where  his  brother, 
Solomon  Q.  Katz,  was  engaged  in  business  with 
Sigminid  Waterman,  the  firm  name  being  Wa- 
terman &  Katz.  Our  subject  began  clerking  for 
this  lirni,  and,  in  1871,  purchased  an  interest  in 
the  business.  They  then  opened  a  branch  store, 
on  the  south  end  of  San  Juan  island,  near  the 
American  Fort,  and  Israel  Katz  became  mana- 
ger of  that  department.  In  1870  William  Katz 
emigrated  from  Germany  to  Port  Townsend, 
and  entered  the  store  of  Waterman  &  Katz  as 
clerk,  continuing  until  1881,  when  he  purchased 
an  interest  upon  the  death  of  Solomon  Q.  Katz, 
August  7,  of  that  year.  The  Port  Townsend 
and  San  Juan  stores  were  both  continued.  On 
the  7th  of  April,  1888,  William  Katz,  brother 
of  Israel  Katz,  and  a  partner  in  the  business, 
was  drowned  in  tlie  bay  of  Port  Townsend, 
while  attempting  to  board  a  ship,  and  four 
months  later,  in  August,  the  remaining  partner, 
Sigmund  Waterman,  died  in  San  Francisco, 
after  an  illness  of  several  months.  The  entire 
business  was  then  purchased  by  Israel  Katz. 
In  1889  he  closed  out  the  store  on  San  Juan 
island,  the  same  not  having  proved  as  profitable 
after  he  was  compelled  to  resign  his  personal 
management  of  the  enterprise.  Tiie  businessat 
Port  Townsend  is  being  successfully  continued 
l)y  Mr.  Katz,  who  is  sole  proprietor,  although 
he  still  retains  the  original  tirm  title  of  Water- 
man <\:  Katz. 

The  firm  have  always  transacted  a  very  large 
business  throughout  the  lower  Sound  country, 
carrying  a  general  stock,  embracing  every  arti- 
cle required  for  the  farm,  in  the  family,  or  in 
the  shipping  business,  also  dealing  in  general 
farm  produce.  In  1885  the  present  brick  build- 
ing was  erected,  on  the  corner  of  Water  and 
Qiiincy  streets,  adjoining  the  old  frame  build- 
ing, which  was  formerly  occupied.  The  lot  is 
110  feet  on  Water  street,  and  runs  to  deep 
water;  the  store  building  is  40  x  100  feet,  three 
stories  and  basement,  with  three  warehouses 
adjoining,  all  of  which  are  filled  with  goods,  in 
the  several  departments  of  trade.  With  a  wharf 
to  deep  water,  the  establishment  is  most  per- 
fectly and  conveniently  located  for  water  ship- 
ments, and  the  supplying  of  stores  to  deep  sea 


Mr.  Katz   was   married    in    Wiesbaden,  Ger- 
many, in    1887,   to    Miss  Adele    Maas.     They 


have  three  children:  William,  Edwin  and  Mil- 
ton. The  family  reside  on  the  corner  of  Tyler 
street  and  Leonard  avenue,  where  Mr.  Katz 
built  his  handsome  residence  in  1889.  He  also 
possesses  other  property  interests  in  the  city, 
l)esi(Ies  large  bodies  of  timber  and  farming  lands 
throughout  the  State. 

He  is  a  stockholder  and  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Port  Townsend,  and  is  one  of 
the  representative  business  men  of  that  fair 
city. 


F 


REDERICK  H.  WHIT  IVOETII  was  born 
at  jS'ew  Albany,  Indiana,  March  25,  1846, 
being  the  son  of  Rev.  George  F.  Whit- 
worth,  D.  D.,  of  whose  life  and  labors  extended 
mention  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
Fi'ederick  H.  was  brought  by  his  parents  to 
Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  in  1853,  and 
there  he  received  his  preliminary  education. 
He  then  attended  the  Oakland  College,  at  Oak- 
land, California,  and  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  in  1871.  Desiring  to  fit 
himself  for  the  ministry,  he  then  went  East  and 
entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  but 
after  one  year  his  health  became  so  impaired 
that  he  returned  to  AYashington  and  engaged  in 
teaching  at  the  Territorial  University  at  Seattle, 
which  occupation  he  continued  about  eighteen 
months,  when,  because  of  a  weakened  constitu- 
tion, he  decided  upon  an  out-of-door  life.  Form- 
ing a  co-partnership  with  Philip  G.  Eastwick 
and  T.  B.  Morris,  he  engaged  in  civil  engineer- 
ing. The  Urm  of  Eastwick,  Morris  &  Co.  made 
the  first  established  survey  of  Seattle  in  1876, 
which  has  continued  as  the  foundation  of  all 
subsequent  surveys.  They  were  City  Engineers 
for  two  years,  and  also  conducted  a  general 
engineering  business  in  the  surveying  of  coal 
lands  and  in  railroad  work. 

The  tirm  dissolved  in  1879,  and  Mr.  Whit- 
worth  was  continued  as  City  Engineer  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  was  Connty  Surveyor 
from  1875  until  1883.  As  engineer  he  also 
assisted  in  opening  the  New  Castle,  Talbot  and 


nnary 


Renton  coal  mines,  and  in  mucli  preli 
work  on  the  Seattle  &  Walla  Walla  Railroad  as 
engineer.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad,  made 
the  preliminary  survey  and  was  engineer  of 
construction.     In  1888  he  became  engineer  and 


H18T0R7    OF    WASEINOTOi^. 


manager  of  the  Seattle  Coal  and  Iron  Company, 
and  opened  the  mine?  at  Gilinan,  and  continued 
in  charge  up  to  1889,  when  he  retired  from 
engineering  work  to  engage  actively  in  the  real  • 
estate  business,  in  the  bujing,  platting  and  sale 
of  large  tracts,  among  which  are  numbered  the 
Canal  addition.  Fern  addition  and  Cloverdale. 
After  forming  a  co-partnership,  Gould  &  "Whit- 
worth  opened  up  the  addition  of  160  acres  known 
as  River  Park.  To  develop  this  property  they 
organized  the  Alliance  Loan  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, of  which  Mr.  Whitworth  is  vice-presi- 
dent. The  company  is  improving  and  building 
in  River  Ptrk,  thus  assisting  purchasers  to  pro- 
cure homes. 

Mr.  Whitworth  was  married  in  Seattle  in 
1881,  to  Miss  Ada  J.  Storey,  of  Maine.  One 
child,  Frederick  H.,  Jr.,  has  blessed  this  union. 


--^^ 


EORGE  DON  WORTH,  Corporation 
'  Counsel  of  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  Maine,  in  Novem- 
^  ber,  1861.  His  fatlier,  P.  E.  Donworth, 
was  a  native  of  Ireland,  emigrating  to  the 
United  States  about  1833  and  locating  in 
Maine,  where  he  became  identified  with  the 
lumbering  interests  as  a  manufacturer  and  also 
engaged  in  the  inercautile  business.  He  was 
married  in  Eastport.  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Baker,  a 
native  of  that  city,  descended  from  Puritan 
stock. 

George  Donworth  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  Maine  and  at  Georgetown  Col- 
lege, District  of  Columbia,  where  he  graduated 
in  1881.  Returning  to  Houlton,  Maine,  he 
engaged  in  the  study  of  law,,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1883.  He  then  engaged  in  active 
practice  at  Fort  Fairfield,  Maine,  and  there  re- 
mained up  to  January,  1888.  when  he  decided 
to  improve  the  greater  opportunities  offered  by 
a  new  country,  and  accordingly  removed  to 
Seattle,  arriving  in  the  strange  city  without 
friends  or  influence,  but  with  an  active  mind 
and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  his  profession. 
He  at  once  identified  himself  with  the  interests 
of  the  town  and  opened  an  office  for  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  In  September,  1889, 
he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  George  H. 
Preston  and  R.  B.  Albertson,  constituting  the 
firm  of  Preston,  Albertson  &  Donworth,  which 
has  arisen  to  prominence  among  the  law  firms 
of  the  city. 


The  legal  acumen  of  Mr.  Donworth  was 
recognized  and  brought  into  prominence  in 
May,  1890,  when  he  was  chosen  by  the  people 
of  Seattle  as  one  of  fifteen  to  constitute  the 
ciiarter  commission,  empowered  to  draft  a  new 
charter  for  the  city,  to  be  submitted  to  the  peo- 
ple for  adoption.  The  charter  drafted  was  ac- 
cepted and  ■  approved  by  the  vote  of  the  people 
at  the  election  in  October  following.  In  March, 
1892,  Mr.  Donworth  was  elected  Corporation 
Counsel  by  the  Democratic  party,  for  a  term  of 
two  years,  and  is  now  engaged  in  discharging 
the  duties  of  that  office. 

He  was  married  in  Ho  ilton,  Maine,  in  Au- 
gust, 1889,  to  Miss  Emma  L.  Tenny.  They 
have  one  child,  Charles  Tenny.  Mr.  Donworth 
has  recently  erected  a  handsome  home  on  Brad- 
ley street.  Queen  Ann  Hill,  and  by  investment 
in  real  estate  and  active  interest  in  wise  and 
judicious  management  has  identified  himself 
closely  with  the  development  of  the  city  which 
he  predicts  will  become  the  great  commercial 
center  of  the  Northwest. 


--^^M 


IILLIAM  H.  WHITE,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing attorneys  of  the  Seattle  bar,  was 
born  in  Wellsburg,  Brooke  county, West 
Virginia,  May  28,  1842,  and  was  the  eldest  son 
of  Thompson  and  Sarah  (Fulton)  White,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  descendants  of  pioneer 
settlers  of  that  State.  Thompson  White  was  a 
miller  by  trade  and  occupation,  owning  and 
operating  both  fiour  and  saw  mills  at  ^Yells- 
burg,  where  he  passed  his  life.  He  was  a  Whig 
in  early  life,  but  with  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  he  became  a  Unionist  and  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, though  being  of  a  retiriiig  disposition  he 
never  was  very  active  in  political  life. 

W^illiam  H.  received  his  early  instruction 
from  the  private  schools  of  the  State,  and  then 
entered  Vermillion  Institute  at  Hagersville, 
Ohio,  and  was  there  engaged  when  the  war 
broke  out.  In  May,  1862,  he  enlisted  at  Ash- 
land, in  Company  B,  One  Hundred  and  Second 
Regiment  Ohio  Yolunteer  Infantry,  but  after 
three  months  in  the  field  was  promoted  as  First 
Sergeant.  Their  service  was  in  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland,  under  Generals  Buell,  Rose- 
crans  aud  Thomas.  After  passing  through  a 
number  of    battles,    Mr.  White  was   seriously 


tilSTORt    OF     WASBINGtON. 


533 


wounded  at  Athens,  Alabama,  in  the  fall  of 
1864-,  and  was  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

Returning  to  his  home  in  Wellsburg,  he 
entered  upon  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
Hon.  Joseph  H.  Pendleton,  an  eminent  lawyer 
of  West  Virginia,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  West  Virginia  in 
1868.  Shortly  afterward  he  was  elected  Pro- 
bate Judge  of  Brooke  county,  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  and  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in 
1870,  which  he  resigned  in  1871,  after  deciding 
to  remove  to  the  Territory  of  Washington. 

He  arrived  in  Seattle  in  1871,  without  an 
acquaintance  in  the  Northwest.  The  popula- 
tion of  Seattle  then  numbered  about  1,200,  the 
leading  practitioners  of  law  being  Hon.  John 
J.  McGilvra,  James  McNaught  and  Colonel 
Charles  H.  Larrabee.  Soon  after  arrival  Mr. 
AVhite  entered  into  copartnership  with  Colonel 
Larrabee,  which  association  continued  up  to 
1873,  when,  with  the  failure  of  Jay  Cooke  and 
the  general  stagnation  of  business,  Mr.  White 
decided  to  go  to  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  He 
soon  became  dissatisfied  with  the  East,  and  in 
1874  returned  to  Seattle  and  resumed  his  part- 
nership interest  with  Colonel  Larrabee,  which 
continued  until  1877,  when  the  Colonel  with- 
drew to  go  to  California.  Mr.  White  then  con- 
tinued alone  up  to  1881,  when  a  co-partnership 
was  formed  with  his  present  associate,  Charles 
F.  Munday.  This  partnership  has  continued 
without  change,  and  to-day  the  law  firm  of 
White  &  Munday  is  recognized  as  the  oldest 
legal  firm  in  the  State.  In  1876  Mr.  White 
was  elected  by  the  Democratic  party  as  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  for  the  Third  Judicial  District, 
which  then  embraced  the  counties  of  Pierce, 
King,  Snohomish,  Skagit,  Whatcom,  Island, 
San  Juan,  Jefferson,  Clallam  and  Kitsap.  Un- 
der his  administration  the  only  white  person 
legally  executed  in  the  Territory  west  of  the 
Cascade  mountains,  up  to  the  admission  to 
Statehood,  was  convicted  and  sentenced  in  King 
county. 

In  1878  Mr.  White  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory,  and 
served  as  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee. 
In  1884  he  was  sent  by  the  citizens  of  Seattle 
to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  to  urge 
upon  Congress  the  forfeiture  of  the  unearned 
land  grant  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  and  argued  the  case  before  the  Com- 
mittee on  Public  Lands,  both  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of    Representatives.     The  effect  of  the 


movement  was  to  hurry  forward  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Cascade  branch  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad. 

In  1884  the  nomination  of  Mr.  White  by  the 
Democratic  convention  as  Delegate  to  Congress 
was  strongly  urged  by  the  people  of  western 
Washington,  and  he  was  defeated  by  only  a  few 
votes.  In  July,  1885,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  by  Pi'esident  Cleveland,  and 
remained  in  that  office  until  the  admission  of 
the  Territory  to  Statehood,  in  November,  1889. 
During  the  anti-Chinese  riot  in  February,  1886, 
Mr.  White  took  an  active  part  in  the  defense  of 
the  city  and  the  conviction  of  the  instigators  of 
the  uprising.  He  also  prosecuted  offenders  for 
similar  offenses  at  Olympia,  and  succeeded  in 
convicting  six  individuals  and  sending  them  to 
the  penitentiary,  which  had  a  salutary  effect 
upon  the  final  solution  of  the  question.  Mr. 
White  has  always  taken  a  decisive  stand  on  the 
school  question  and  has  advocated  progression 
in  buildings  and  facilities  to  elevate  the  stand- 
ard of  the  public  schools.  The  firm  have  been 
attorneys  for  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  city 
for  a  number  of  years,  besides  representing  a 
nnmber  of  corporations  and  conducting  a  large 
general  practice. 

Mr.  White  has  not  neglected  his  opportuni- 
ties for  investment.  He  owns,  near  Redmond, 
a  valuable  farm  of  320  acres,  which  is  being 
highly  improved,  and  also  a  handsome  cottage 
home  on  the  corner  of  Stevens  and  Mina  streets, 
bordering  on  Lake  Washington,  whei-e  he  re- 
sides. Mr.  White  is  not  married.  Socially,  he 
is  Past  Grand  Master  of  St.  John's  Lodge,  No. 
9,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Past  C'ommander  of  Stevens 
Post,  G.v\.  R. 

T[J(ON.    CHARLES    EISENBEIS.— To  no 
rpll    one  man  is  greater  credit  due  for  the  de- 
I     4l    velopment    of     Port   Townsend    than  to 
•f/  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  came  to 

the  towu  site  in  poverty,  and  by  persevering  in- 
dustry accumulated  small  savings  which  he  in- 
vested in  real  estate  and  which  by  careful  and 
judicious  manipulation  have  evolved  into  a 
handsome  fortune.  Mr.  Eisenbeis  was  born  in 
July,  1832,  in  Prussia,  where  his  ancestry  had 
long  been  resident.  Of  his  father  he  learned 
the  trade  of  a  baker,  and  was  prepared  upon  his 
I   arrival  in  the  United   States   in    1856,  to  earn 


BisTORr    OF     WASEINGfON. 


thereby  an  indepeiideut  livelihood.  In  company 
with  his  brother  he  began  operations  at 
Itochester,  New  York.  In  1858,  via  the  Pan- 
ama route,  he  came  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to 
Port  Townsend,  arriving  February  24tli  of  tlie 
same  year.  Without  linancial  means  he  there 
began  work  for  wages,  which  were  carefully 
saved,  and  a  few  months  later  he  opened  a  small 
shop  and  prepared  for  market  the  first  bakers' 
goods  manufactured  in  the  town,  the  same  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  crackers  and  ship  bread.  With 
him  was  associated  as  partner  Mr.  J.  F.  Bloom- 
burg,  now  a  stock-broker  of  San  Francisco.  The 
site  of  the  store  was  the  same  as  that  now  oc- 
cupied by  his  fine  building  at  314-316  Water 
street.  Two  years  later  he  removed  to  Steila- 
coom,  and  after  a  successful  engagement  of  five 
years  in  the  same  business  he  returned  to  Port 
Townsend  and  purchased  the  site  of  his  lirst 
enterprise  and  there  continued  the  bakery, 
grocery  and  provision  business  up  to  January, 
1891.  Upon  that  site,  in  1878,  he  erected  the 
first  stone  building  in  the  town,  the  original 
structure  being  one  story  27i  x  70  feet,  to  which 
he  subsequently  added,  making  the  present  fine 
building. 

With  the  accumulation  of  means  tlie  improve- 
ment of  real  estate  has  been  the  policy  of  Mr. 
Eisenbeis'  life.  In  1878  he  erected  a  frame 
building,  corner  of  Water  and  Tyler  streets, 
which  for  twelve  years  was  occupied  by  the 
Government  officers  as  a  custom  house.  In  im- 
proving the  water  front,  associated  with  Hon. 
Joseph  A.  Kuhn,  he  erected  1,320  feet  of  sea 
wall  between  Taylor  and  Van  Buren  streets, 
which  improvement  added  materially  to  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  town,  and  reclaimed  valuable 
property  for  business  purposes.  In  1884  he 
erected  a  two-story  stone  building,  corner 
Quincy  and  Water  streets;  in  18U0,  the  Mt. 
Baker  block,  corner  Water  and  Taylor  streets, 
one  of  the  most  imposing  business  blocks  in 
the  city,  and  besides  these  has  erected  numerous 
smaller  buildings  in  various  parts  of  the  city, 
for  business  and  residence  purposes.  In  1889 
he  started  a  brick-yard,  thus  supplying  the 
town  with  building  material.  He  was  connected 
with  building  the  Tyler  street  wharf.  Union 
wharf.  Commercial  and  Harrison  street  docks, 
and  the  wliarf  iu  the  Eisenbeis  addition.  He 
has  been  interested  in  the  organization  and 
management  of  the  Port  Townsend  lumber  mill, 
the  Port  Townsend  Southern  Railroad,  First 
National  Bank,  Merehan.ts  Bank  and  Port  Town- 


send  Steel  AVire  and  Nail  Company.  He  or- 
ganized the  Eisenbeis  syndicate,  which  pur- 
chased 800  acres  of  land  east  of  tlie  city,  which 
they  have  cleared  and  platted,  and  erected 
thereon  the  elegant  Eisenbeis  Hotel.  After 
spending  years  iu  developing  the  city,  through 
these  various  channels,  in  1892,  Mr.  Eisenbies 
began  the  erection  of  a  spacious  and  elegant 
home,  in  the  Eisenbeis  addition,  the  same  be- 
ing of  brick  and  stone,  three  stories  high,  slate 
roof,  and  all  modern  improvements.  To  this 
magniticient  liome  he  can  retire  after  a  busy 
life  and  enjoy  the  comforts  which  art  and  science 
have  produced,  in  marked  contrast  to  his  pion- 
eer surroundings  of  thirty-five  years  ago.  He 
has  served  the  city  three  terms  as  Mayor,  being 
the  first  to  hold  that  ofiice,  and  served  as  City 
Treasurer  apd  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Health. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in  IStio,  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  Berghauser,  a  native  of  Prussia. 
She  died  in  1880,  leaving  four  children:  Sophia, 
Charles,  Jr.,  Frederick  W.  and  Louisa  H.  In 
1882  lie  was  married,  at  Port  Townsend,  to  Miss 
Kate  E.  Marsh,  a  native  of  England.  They  have 
four  children:  Lillian,  Otto,  Hilda  and  Joseph- 
ine. 

Thus  briefly  have  we  recounted  the  experi- 
ences of  one  of  Port  Townsend's  representative 
citizens,  one  M'ho,  through  frugality,  perseve- 
rance and  close  attention  to  business,  overcame 
the  obstacle  of  poverty  and  built  for  himself  a 
substantial  fortune  and  an  honored  name. 


[[!  ON.  ANDPvEW  WASSON,  President  of 
Ipi     the    Commercial    Bank  of   Port  Town- 
11    li    send,  and  one  of  the  representative  citi- 
^  zens  of  that  city,  was  born    in  Schenec- 

tady, New  York,  December  25,  1839,  son  of 
James  T.  and  Ann  (Coombs)  Wasson,  of  Scotch 
English  ancestry  and  natives  of  the  same  city. 
LTp  to  his  fourteenth  year  young  Wasson  at- 
tended the  public  schools  of  Schenectady;  then, 
])eing  ambitious  for  adventure,  he  went  to  the 
East  Indies  and  in  1855  rounding  the  Horn  for 
San  Francisco,  where  he  arrived  on  March  4,  of 
that  year.  Imagining  that  the  source  of  great 
wealth  lay  in  mining,  he  then  visited  the  mines 
of  Camptonville,  Shaw's  Flat,  and  Table  mount- 
ain, and  from  one  year's  experience  realized 
about  18,000.     He  then  invested   in  a  standing 


HISTORY    OF    WASUIKOTON. 


crop  of  grain  and  potatoes  in  the  Pajan  valley, 
Monterey  county,  and  lost  nearly  all  of  his 
laboriously  earned  savings.  In  the  fall  of  1857 
he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Monterey 
county  and  served  two  years,  and  rendered 
heroic  and  valuable  assistance  in  capturing  a 
desperado  who  was  tried,  and  sentenced  and 
who  was  the  first  man  hanged  by  law  in  Mont- 
erey county.  In  1859  Mr.  Wasson  engaged  in 
the  slock  business  and  in  1861  was  appointed 
liglithouse-keeper  at  Point  Pinos,  one  of  the 
first  apjiointinents  made  by  President  Lincoln 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  Our  subject  held  tliat  of- 
fice for  ten  years,  then  resigned  and  was  elected 
Sheriff  and  Tax  Collector  of  Monterey  county 
and  served  two  years.  At  this  time  Vasqnez 
and  his  notorious  gang  of  desperadoes  were  ter- 
rorizing southern  California,  and  Mr.  Wasson, 
with  a  carefully  selected  corps  of  deputies 
tracked  and  pursued  Yasquez's  gang  for  fourteen 
consecutive  days,  capturing  Moreno  and  break- 
ing up  the  organization.  For  this  heroic  ser- 
vice, the  State  of  California,  by  special  act  of 
Legislature,  awarded  hiiu  ^8,000,  and  the  county 
of  Monterey  $2,600.  Completing  his  term  of 
service  he  then  purchased  1,000  acres  of  land  in 
the  Salinas  valley  and  followed  farming  for 
about  two  years.  During  the  session  of  1879- 
'80-81  he  was  Sergeant-at-Arins  of  the  Cali- 
fornia State  Senate.  He  then  engaged  in  min- 
ing speculations  in  Mexico,  where  he  operated 
very  successfully  for  about  five  years.  In  1887 
he  came  to  soutliern  Oregon,  bought  2,266  acres 
of  land  and  planted  10,000  prune  trees,  then  one 
of  the  largest  orchards  in  the  State.  He  sub- 
sequently sold  this  property,  and  in  1888  came 
to  Port  Townsend,  deeming  the  same  an  excel- 
lent locality  for  profitable  investment. 

Mr.  Wasson  was  Representative  from  Jeffer- 
son county  in  the  State  Legislature  of  1891, 
serving  on  many  important  committees,  and  in- 
troducing the  so  called  "  Wasson  bill  "  for  reg- 
ulating tariffs  on  railroads  in  the  State,  which 
was  voted  by  Acting  Governor  Laughton. 

On  Septeinber  19,  1891,  Mr.  Wasson  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Harrison,  Collector  of 
Customs  for  tlie  Puget  Sound  District,  which 
embraces  eleven  sub-ports  along  the  coast  and 
British  line.  This  is  one  of  the  most  import- 
ant customs  (libtricts  of  the  country  as  regards 
the  enforcement  of  the  Chinese  restriction  act, 
and  by  reason  of  the  facilities  for  the  evasion  of 
the  revenue  afforded  by  the  natural  features  of 
the  country,  and  by  the  proximity  to  the  Cana- 


dian border,  the  collector  has  the  most  difficult 
duty  to  perform  of  any  similar  official  in  the 
Union.  JVew  questions  have  constantly  arisen, 
making  the  duties  of  office  onerous  and  burden- 
some; but  without  fear  or  favor  Mr.  Wasson  has 
pursued  a  line  of  justice,  and  held  the  ofiice 
above  reproach  or  scandal.  He  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  city  development,  and  is  a  large 
holder  in  real  estate  and  improved  I'esidence  and 
business  property.  He  is  president  of  the  Com- 
mercial Bank;  and  as  stockholder  is  interested 
in  the  nail  works  and  other  business  enterprises. 
He  was  married  in  Sacramento,  California, 
April  7,  1882,  to  Miss  Minnie  Snook,  native  of 
JSfew  York.  Socially,  Mr.  Wasson  affiliates  with 
the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  I.  O.  O.  F. 

— ^^^^m^^-~~ 

][0N.  JAMES  G.  SWAN,  one  of  the 
most  dibtinguished  pioneers  of  the  North- 
west, was  born  in  Medford,  Massachu- 
setts, January  11,  1818.  The  American 
progenitor  of  the  name  of  Swan  emigrated  from 
England  to  JS'ew  England  about  1680  and  pur- 
chased a  large  tract  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of 
Charlestown  and  Boston,  M'here  the  name  has 
been  honorably  represented  in  the  development 
of  that  section.  The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  was 
fought  upon  their  possessions,  and  Major  Samuel 
Swan  was  one  of  the  heroes  of  Ticonderoga,  oc- 
cupying ];ositions  of  trust  and  responsibility. 
Governor  Bowdoiu  of  Massachusetts,  in  approv- 
ing of  Major  Swan's  support,  said:  "  The  several 
expeditions  in  which  you  have  been  engaged  re- 
flect, credit  upon  the  parties  who  compose  them." 
AsQuartenna.-ter  (ieucral,  Major  Swan  was  con- 
nected with  the  State-  militia  up  to  1806,  and 
very  pi-ominent  in  tlic  city,  county  and  State 
Government.  In  1795  he  was  appointed  by 
General  George  Washington  as  Deputy  Col- 
lector of  Revenue  for  the  county  of  Middlesex. 
The  Swan  family  were  prominently  connected 
with  the  mercantile,  ehip[)ing  and  interior  af- 
fairs of  Massachusetts.  The  parents  of  our 
subject  were  Captain  Samuel  and  Margaret 
(Tufts)  Swan.  Captain  Swan  was  a  seafaring 
man  and  lost  his  life  in  a  wreck  off  Minot's 
Ledge,  Boston  harbor,  in  1823.  The  mother 
was  a  native  of  Medford,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  of  ancient  and  honored  lineage. 

James  G.    Swan,  concerning   whose   life  this 
sketch  makes   treatment,  pursued  his   prepara- 


ttlSTOttT    OF    WASBINOTON. 


tory  educational  work  at  Medford  until  he  at- 
tained his  tifteenth  year,  when  he  went  to 
Boston,  and,  as  a  clerk,  became  connected  with 
the  establishment  of  a  ship-chandler.  When 
twentj-one  years  of  age  he  engaged  in  the  same 
line  of  business  for  himself  and  continued  up  to 
1849,  then  sold  out,  and  on  the  ship  "  Kob  Koy" 
embarked  for  San  Francisco,  via  Cape  Horn,  ar- 
riving in  1850. 

In  1852  he  came  to  Shoalwater  Bay,  then  a 
part  of  Oregon,  and  engaj^ed  in  the  oyster  busi- 
ness, shipping  to  San  Francisco.  In  1856  he 
went  to  Washington,  District  of  Cohimbja,  and 
became  private  secretary  to  Governor  Isaac  I. 
Stevens,  delegate  to  Congress.  While  there 
Mr.  Swan  made  the  acquaintance  of  Professors 
Baird  and  Henry,  of  tlie  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, which  circumstance  led  up  to  his  later  effi- 
cient work  for  that  institution.  In  1857,  while 
visiting  his  brother  in  Montgomery,  Alabama, 
Mr.  Swan  wrote  a  book  entitled  "The  North- 
west Coast,  or  Four  Years  in  Washington  Ter- 
ritory," which  was  published  by  Harper  Broth- 
ers. In  1858  he  returned  to  the  Territory  and 
settled  in  Port  Townsend.  In  1860  he  became 
connected  with  the  trading  port  at  Neah  Bay, 
and  in  1862  was  appointed  teacher  on  the  In- 
dian Ecservation  by  Henry  A.  Webster,  Indian 
Agent.  He  continued  their  incumbency  for 
four  years.  While  tliere  he  wrote  the  history 
of  the  Cape  Flattery  Indians,  which  was  pub- 
lished by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1869. 
In  1866  Mr.  Swan  returned  to  Port  Townsend 
and  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  admiralty  law,  which 
helaad  studied  in  Boston  prior  to  18'49,  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Peleg  W.  Chandler,  an  em- 
inent admiralty  lawyer.  In  1871  he  was  elected 
Probate  Judge  of  Jefferson  county  and  con- 
tinued in  that  office  about  seven  years,  and  has 
since  retained  the  title  of  Judge. 

In  1875,  on  the  revenue  cutter  "  Wolcott,"  he 
made  a  special  cruise  to  Alaska  to  secure  Indian 
manufactures  and  relics  for  the  collection  in 
natural  history  and  ethnology  at  the  Centennial 
Exposition.  In  1878  he  w^as  appointed  Inspector 
of  Customs  at  Neah  Bay  and  served  four  years. 
In  1883,  by  special  request  from  the  Smithson- 
ian Institution,  he  went  to  Queen  Charlotte's 
islands  and  made  a  collection  of  antiquities  and 
modern  manufactures  of  the  Ilaida  Indians, 
which  collection  forms  the  preponderance  of 
the  ethnological  material  in  the  National  Muse- 
um from    the  region  about    Dixon    entrance  to 


Queen  Charlotte  Sound.  He  has  been  a  collab- 
orator of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  since 
1856,  with  the  founding  of  that  collection.  In 
the  Smithsonian  report  of  1883,  Spencer  F. 
Baird,  Secretary,  wrote  as  follows:  "The  most 
important  research  prosecuted  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  was  that  by  Mr. 
James  G.  Swan  in  the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands. 
For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  his  contri- 
butions have  been  most  noteworthy.  To  him 
we  owe  very  extensive  collections  illustrating 
the  life  and  work  of  the  Indians  on  Puget  Sound, 
as  also  everything  relating  to  the  fisheries  of  that 
region,  whether  prosecuted  by  the  savage  or 
white  man." 

As  Assistant  United  States  Fish  Commis- 
sioner, Judge  Swan  has  made  a  study  of  the 
fish  and  sea  food  of  the  Pacific,  has  written  much 
valual)le  information  upon  the  subject,  and  his 
collection  of  aboriginal  fishing  instruments  at 
the  National  Museum  has  attracted  great  at- 
tention. Judge  Swan  has  served  as  United 
States  Fish  Commissioner  for  fifteen  years.  He 
is  Hawaiian  Consul  at  Port  Townsend,  Commis- 
sioner for  the  State  of  Oregon,  United  States 
Commissioner,  practitioner  of  admiralty  law, 
and  an  active  member  of  the  Port  Towiisend 
Chamber  of  Clommerce. 

He  was  married  in  Boston  in  1841,  to  Miss 
Matilda  AV.  Loring,  who  died  in  1863,  leaving 
two  children:  Cliarles  H.,  a  prominent  hy- 
draulic, sanitary  and  civil  engineer  of  Boston; 
and  Ellen  Matilda  Swan,  who  also  resides  in 
that  city.  Judge  Swan  has  resided  in  Wash- 
ington through  its  whole  Territorial  existence, 
and  is  a  respected  and  valued  citizen  of  the 
State. 


LEVI  W.  FOSS,  of  Seattle,  Washington, 
I    was  born  at  Machias,  Washington  county, 
i   Maine,  April  7, 1838,  a  son  of  Ruf  us  and 

Jane  (Crocker)  Foss,  natives  also  of  that  locali- 
ty. The  boyhood  days  of  our  subject  were 
passed  upon  the  farm  and  in  the  logging  camp, 
and  lie  received  tlie  limited  educational  advan- 
tages of  three  months'  school  during  each  year. 
With  the  Eraser  river  gold  excitement  of  1858, 
young  Foss  became  enthused  with  a  spirit  for 
mining,  and  in  May,  1859,  sailed  from  New 
York,  via  the  Isthmus  and  San  Francisco,  and. 
landed  at  Port  Townsend  June   25,  following. 


HISTURT    OP    WA}<niNOTON. 


He  discovered  that  the  gold  excitement  was  not 
prolific  in  affording  opportunities,  and  lie  then 
followed  his  old  occupation  of  logging  two 
years  on  Hood  canal.  Tlie  following  five  years 
was  spent  in  Port  Ludlow,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1866  his  old  desire  for  mining  returned.  J\lr. 
Foss  again  went  to  the  Cariboo  Mines,  where 
he  spent  three  seasons,  remaining  at  the  mines 
during  the  summers  and  passing  the  winters  at 
Port  Townseud,  wiiere  he  owned  an  interest  in 
a  butchering  business,  under  the  firm  name  of 
l^ooth  &  Foss.  In  the  spring  of  1869  Joseph 
Borst  entered  the  partnership,  and  they  estab- 
lished a  branch  house  in  Seattle.  In  the  spring 
of  1871  Mr.  Foss  removed  to  this  city  to  look 
after  his  interests,  and  the  purchasing  of  cattle 
for  his  firm.  He  secured  the  stock  in  eastern 
Washington,  driving  the  herd  across  the  monnt- 
ains  in  summer,  and  in  the  winters  bringing 
them  down  the  Columbia  river.  In  August, 
1874,  the  partuersliip  of  Foss  &  Borst  was 
organized,  and  they  conducted  a  wliolesale  and 
retail  establishment  until  in  February,  1885, 
when  our  subject  returned  to  Port  Townsend. 
In  1887  he  took  up  his  permanent  residence  in 
Seattle,  where  he  has  long  been  an  investor  in 
real  estate.  He  has  erected  several  residences 
and  business  houses  in  the  city,  and  his  present 
beautiful  home  was  completed  in  the  summer 
of  1889,  the  former  residence  having  been  de- 
stroyed in  the  disastrous  fire  of  1889.  He 
platted  the  Foss  addition  to  Port  Townsend  in 
June,  1888,  comprising  forty  acres,  much  of 
which  he  still  owns;  has  500  acres  in  other 
localities,  and  much  real  estate  in  Seattle. 

In  1883  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Rowland)  Briscoe,  of  St. 
Johns,  Newfoundland.  For  twenty-three  years 
Mr.  Foss  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order.  He  is  now  retired  from  active  business, 
and  is  devoting  his  time  to  his  private  interests 
and  the  enjoyment  of  the  accumulations  of  his 
days  of  arduous  labor. 

d|oSEPH  FLETCHER  MrNAUGHT.— 
Among  the  business  developers  of  Seattle, 
few  have  come  more  conspicuously  to  the 
front  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  of 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  was  born  in  IVEcLean 
county,  Illinois,  August  17,  1855.  His  parents, 
(reorge  and  Nancy  (Franklin)  McNanght,  na- 


tives of  Indiana,  removed  to  Illinois,  where  Mr. 
McNauglit  followed  farming  and  the  stock 
businsss. 

Joseph  F.  was  reared  to  the  habits  of  farm 
life,  passing  the  summer  in  labor  and  the  winter 
months  at  school,  as  was  the  custom  with  farm- 
ers' sons.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he 
entered  the  Wesleyan  University  at  Blooming- 
ton,  Illinois,  and  graduated  in  June,  1877.  He 
then  completed  his  legal  studies  in  the  law 
department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
Ann  Arbor.  At  this  time  James  McNaught, 
an  elder  brother,  had  established  himself  m  a 
legal  practice  in  Seattle,  and  upon  his  invitation 
to  join  him  in  the  profession  McNaught  re- 
moved to  Seattle  in  July,  1878,  and  two  months 
later  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  the  firm  of 
McNaught  Brothers  was  instituted.  With  the 
reputation  which  James  McNaught  had  already 
acquired,  the  bu^iness  rapidly  increased  to  vast 
proportions,  taxing  the  energies  of  both  parties. 
In  1881,  Elisha  V.  Ferry,  tiie  ])resent  Governor 
of  Washington.  l)fcanie  ii  partner,  and  two  years 
later  John  II.  Mitchell,  a  son  of  the  senator 
from  Oregon,  joined  the  firm,  when  it  liecame 
known  as  McNaught  &  Mitchell.  When  :\rr. 
Ferry  retired  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  Puget  Sound  National  Bank, 
and  James  McNaught  went  to  St.  Paul  as  the 
assistant  general  solicitor  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad, Moseph  formed  a  partnership  with 
Judge  Roger  I.  Greene,  C.  H.  Hanford,  present 
United  States  district  judge,  and  John  H. 
McGraw,  under  the  tirin  name  of  Greene, 
McNaught,  Hiinfor.l  and  McGraw.  This  firm 
continued  an  active  practice  up  to  February, 
1888,  when  failing  health,  caused  from  over- 
work, forced  Mr.  McNaught  to  withdraw  and 
take  a  rest  from  professional  labor.  During 
his  ten  years  of  practice,  his  firm  under  the 
different'styles  had  been  doing  the  largest  busi- 
ness of  all  on  tlie  Sound.  The  result  of  such 
incessant  labor,  tlinugh  gratifying  from  a  pro- 
fessional and  pecuniary  standpoint,  was  too 
severe  and  rest  became  imperative.  He  then 
made  is  journey  East,  and  by  the  recreation  of 
travel,  with  his  naturally  good  constitution, 
nature  restored  her.-elf  and  he  again  returned 
to  Seattle.  Instead  of  resuming  his  profession, 
as  the  real-estate  interests  ot  himself  and 
brother  had  become  so  valuable,  he  decided  to 
devote  himself  to  its  management  and  develop- 
ment. This  departure  opened  a  field  of  opern- 
tions   in   which   ho  had   already  evinced    rare 


HI8T0RT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


jiidginent,  and,  with  his  genius  at  tinanciering, 
his  operations  became  extensive,  and  from  that 
time  his  iinancial  success  has  been  most  remark- 
able. 

The  niauageraent  of  liis  own  and  brotlier's 
interests  constitute  only  a  part  of  the  work  he 
has  performed.  As  the  organizer  of  syndicates 
and  the  enlistment  of  capital  in  various  enter- 
prises he  has  had  no  superior  in  the  Northwest. 
To  enumerate  the  corporations  which  he  has  been 
instrumental  in  creating,  in  all  of  which  he  is 
a  large  stockholder  and  of  which  he  is  either 
president  or  manager,  will  give  an  idea  of  his 
abilities  in  that  direction.  These  corporations 
are  as  follows:  McNaught  Land  &  Investment 
Company:  capital,  $400,000;  McNaught  Town 
Site  Company:  capital,  §100,000;  McNaught- 
CoUins  Improvement  Company:  capital  $200,- 
000;  Lake  Washington  Belt  Line  Company: 
capital,  $600,000;  Broadway  Investment:  capi- 
tals, 1100,000;  Seattle  Silver  Mining  Company: 
capital,  $100,000;  Talisman  &  Stalwart  Con- 
solidated Company:  capital,  $1,000,000;  Fuget 
Sound  &  Union  Stockyards;  Fidalgo  Improve- 
ment Company;  Fidalgo  Land  Company;  L^nion 
Investment  Company;  and  numerous  other 
interests  of  a  personal  character. 

As  an  organizer  and  manager  of  vast  and 
varied  interests  Mr.  McNaught  has  no  superior, 
and  it  is  largely  to  his  personal  supervision  that 
the  above  vast  enterprises  are  carried  to  suc- 
cessful conclusions.  Not  alone  here  does  he 
rest,  but  he  is  also  among  the  foremost  in 
promoting  every  project  to  advance  the  pros- 
perity of  Seattle.  With  his  superabundance  of 
aci'es,  Mr.  McNaught  cannot  forget  his  some- 
what weakened  physical  condition,  and  the 
necessary  rest  and  relaxation  is  gained  by  cruis- 
ing about  the  Sound  with  his  steam  yacht 
"  Aqnila,"  and  with  rod,  gun  and  dog  engaging 
in  the  sports  so  freely  offered.  He  also  owns 
Protection  Island,  which  contains  500  acres  of 
fine  farming  land,  all  well  improved,  and  as  a 
sporting  preserve  is  well  stocked  with  Golden, 
Silver,  Green  and  Mongolian  pheasants  and 
quail. 

Mr.  McNaught  was  married  in  Blooming- 
ton,  Illinois,  in  December,  1887,  to  Miss  Jennie 

E.  Hedge,  and  they  have  two  children:  Helen 
Fairfax  and  Carl  Shelby. 

Fraternally  Mr.  McNaught  affiliates  with  the 

F.  &  A.  M.,'l.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  (3.  U.  W.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  Republican,  positive  in  his  con- 
victions and  a  strong  believer  in  the  principles 


of  his  party;  but  he  has  no  desire  for  political 
aggrandizement,  the  management  and  develop- 
ment of  extensive  business  enterprises  offering 
to  him  a  more  congenial  field  of  labor. 

— '^^^m^'^ — 


F'rED.  GASCH,  Commissioner  of  King 
county,  and  a  resident  of  Seattle,  was  born 
^  in  Ilelmstedt,  Germany,  February  20, 
1843.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  that 
city  up  to  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  when  he  was 
apprenticed  for  three  years  to  learn  the  trade  of 
machinist.  Completing  his  term  of  service, 
and  desiring  an  opportunity  to  follow  his  pro- 
fession, his  attention  was  turned  to  the  broader 
possibilities  of  the  United  States,  and  he  em- 
barked for  New  York,  thence,  by  the  Panama 
route,  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  arrived  in  the 
fall  fo  18G1.  He  soon  found  occupation  as  ma- 
chinist ill  the  Miners'  Foundry  and  was  employed 
up  to  August,  1864,  then  enlisted  in  the  Sixth 
California  Infantry,  and  after  three  months' 
service  at  Benicia  he  was  detailed  for  special 
service  on  the  line  of  Panama  steamers  and 
there  remained  up  to  his  dischai-ge  in  November, 
1865.  Returning  to  San  Francisco  he  resumed 
work  at  the  Miners'  Foundry  and  continued 
until  1870,  when  he  came  to  Puget  Sound,  and 
was  thei-e  employed  at  his  trade  and  in  various 
occupations  at  Seattle,  old  Tacoma,  Port  Blake- 
ly  and  contiguous  milling  points.  In  1883  he 
was  elected  Councilman  from  the  Second  Ward, 
and  chairman  of  the  street  committee. 

In  1888  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  as  County  Commissioner  was  duly 
elected,  and  made  chairman  of  the  Board,  and 
by  re-election  in  1890  and  '92  has  continued  in 
that  capacity,  with  four  years  yet  to  serve.  As  a 
Commissioner  he  was  been  an  enterprising  and 
progressive  officer;  and,  being  endowed  with 
foresight  and  good  common  sense,  his  methods 
have  been  salutary,  and  his  actions  in  accord  with 
the  wishes  of  his  constituents.  With  the  in- 
crease of  population,  his  duties  have  proportion- 
ately increased,  but  are  jjerformed  with  system- 
atic regularity  and  meet  the  approval  of  the 
people.  Under  his  first  term  of  service  the 
county  courthouse  was  located  and  constructed, 
much  personal  attention  being  given  by  him 
to  plans,  specifications  and  work  of  erection  and 
fitting.  The  improvements  and  facilities  of  the 
poor  farm  have  been  vastly  increased,  and  there 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


protection  is  given  to  from  forty-five  to  sixty  of 
the  county  poor,  sixty-two  of  the  157  acres  are 
under  cultivation,  and  liy  wise  inaiiageinent  the 
farm  has  become  ahiio^t  -elf  r-iijiiMuting,  county 
roads  have  been  improvcil.  luidycs  constructed, 
and  tlie  affairs  of  the  county  have  progressed 
with  the  rapidity  of  settlement  and  develop- 
ment. 

Mr.  Gasch  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in 
1869,  to  Miss  Anna  Landgrehe,  of  German 
descent.  Two  children  have  been  born  of  this 
union,  Ilaida  and  Fred.  C  Socially  Mr.  Gasch 
athliates  with  the  John  F.  Miller  Post,  G.  A  R., 
and  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  which  he  was 
District  Deputy  Grand  Master. 

When  first  coming  to  Seattle  Mr.  Gasch  rec- 
ognized the  advantageous  location  of  the  city 
and  the  probalu'lity  of  its  ultimate  vast  develop- 
ment, and  by  the  judicious  investment  of  his 
savings  he  is  now  the  possessor  of  valnable 
business  and  resident  ])roperty.  During  his 
long  political  service  he  has  maintained  his 
principles  of  honesty  and  fair  dealing,  and  lie 
enjoys  tlie  respect  of  all  who  know  him  or  are 
brought  in  contact  with  him  in  business  rela- 
tions, lias  been  for  years  and  is  still  Fresident 
of  the  German  l!enevolent  Association. 


FRANK  LA  ROCHE,  the  popular  and 
artistic  pliotographer  of  the  city  of  Seat- 
-^  tie,  was  born  in  Fhiladelj)hia,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  ?0,  1853.  His  parents,  Aaron 
and  Anna  (Hersh)  La  Roche,  were  natives  of  the 
same  city,  descended  from  French  and  German 
ancestry,  who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Pennsylvania.  Subject  was  educated  in  the 
schocls  of  Philadelphia,  and  at  the  age  of  17 
years  entered  upon  his  life  work,  by  taking  a 
position  in  a  photographic  studio  in  his  native 
city.  After  two  years  of  study  and  practice,  he 
engaged  in  business,  at  Quaker  City,  and  in 
1873  went  to  Mauch  Chunk,  following  a  gen- 
eral photographic  business,  and  also  attending 
to  tlie  taking  of  views  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
raih-oad.  In  1875  Mr.  La  Roclie  went  to  Flor- 
ida on  a  viewing  expedition,  making  his  head- 
quarters at  St.  Augustine.  In  1876  he  started 
for  Australia  in  the  interest  of  Harper  Bros,  of 
New  York  city.  U>  view  the  South  Sea  islands 
for  illustratidiis,  bi;f  dii  qrrival  ;d  Honolulu  his 
partner  was  taken    sick  and    the  ti-ip  was  aban- 


doned. Returning  to  tlie  States  Mr.  La  Roche 
then  opened  a  gallery  at  Salt  Lake  City,  and  in 
1878,  he  was  employed  by  tlie  United  States 
Government  to  make  seventy-eight  negatives  uf 
the  transit  of  Mercnry,  and  twenty-three  similar 
negatives  for  the  French  government.  During 
the  exposition  at  New  Orleans  Mr.  La  Roche 
was  employed  in  various  galleries,  and  also 
traveled  through  the  State,  giving  instructions 
in  photography.  In  the  spring  of  1888  he 
opened  a  gallery  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  in 
competition  at  the  State  fair  he  secured  six  mit 
of  seven  prizes  for  excellency  of  workmau;;hi|i. 
In  July,  1889,  he  came  to  Seattle,  bringing 
with  him  the  necessary  equipment  for  a  first- 
class  gallery.  Arriving  just  after  the  fire,  lie 
found  the  city  in  ashes,  t)nt  at  once  opened  a 
gallery  in  the  Kilgen  block,  subsequently  remov- 
ing to  the  top  floor  of  the  Downs  block,  where 
he  has  fitted  np  a  studio,  embracing  a  large  sur- 
face measurenjent,  and  making  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  complete  galleries  in  the  Northwest. 
Mr.  La  Roche  has  given  much  attention  to 
viewing,  and  has  a  very  complete  series  depicting 
Alaska  and  Puget  Sound  scenery,  embracing 
upward  of  3,000  negatives.  He,  however,  devotes 
more  particular  attention  to  a  liigh-class  portrait 
photography.  Tlirough  his  extended  acquaint- 
ance in  the  East  he  learns  of  and  secures  the 
latest  improvements,  which,  in  connection  witli 
his  pronounced  ability,  enables  him  to  produce 
artistic  effects  unexcelled  in  the  Northwest. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1891,  to  Miss 
IdaM.  Crary,  native  of  Kentucky,  and  his  home 
is  situated  on  Rochester  avenue,  overlooking 
Lake  Washington  and  th.e  magnificent  scenery 
of  the  Cascade  and  Olympic  mountains. 


5G.  HILL,  D.  D.  S. —  Among  the  prominent 
practitioners  of  dentistry  in  the  city  of 
Seattle  is  he  whose  name  initiates  this 
review.  He  was  born  in  Muscatine,  Iowa, 
October  24,  1864.  His  parents,  Sylvester  G. 
and  Martha  J.  (Dyer)  Hill,  were  natives  of 
Rhode  Island  and  Maine  respectively,  descended 
from  Puritan  stock  of  English  ancestry.  Sylves- 
ter G.  Hill  was  a  lumber  inatiufacturer,  operat- 
ing his  own  mill  up  to  1852,  when  he  moved 
to  Iowa  and  continued  the  same  occupation 
until  1862,  when  be  took  an  active  part  in 
organizing    the    Thirty-fifth    Regiment,    Iowa, 


540 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  elected  and  com- 
missioned Colonel.  The  service  of  the  regiment 
was  in  the  Red  river  country,  and  through  the 
Mississippi  valley  in  frequent  raids  and  skir- 
mishes; and  while  engaged  in  the  last  charge  on 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  in  command  of  a  brigade. 
Colonel  Hill  was  killed,  in  the  advanced  line 
of  battle. 

S.  G.  Hill  received  his  literary  education  in 
the  Iowa  public  schools  and  then  entered  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Dentistry  and  graduated 
therefrom  in  1884.  He  commenced  practice  in 
Davenport,  Iowa,  and  continued  with  gratifying 
success  for  three  years;  then  made  a  trip  to 
Europe  and  traveled  extensively  through  En- 
gland and  France,  practicing  liis  profession  in 
the  dental  institutes  of  those  countries.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  the  fall  of  1890 
and  came  direct  to  Seattle,  where  his  brother, 
F.  A.  Hill,  then  resided.  Dr.  Hill  at  once 
opened  offices  for  the  performance  of  (operative 
and  mechanical  dentistry,  and  has  built  up  a 
very  lucrative  patronage  among  the  representa- 
tive families  of  tlie  city. 

He  was  married  in  1892,  to  Mrs.  Jennie 
(Eppler)  Hasbrouck,  a  native  of  Illinois.  Dr. 
Hill  has  allied  himself  with  the  interests  of 
Seattle,  and  takes  great  pride  in  her  natural 
resources  and  rapid  development. 

E)  JELICH,  Harbor  Master  at  the  port 
\  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Austria,  in 
— -^  March,  1858.  He  attended  school  at 
Trieste  until  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  then 
shipped  as  apprentice  on  the  Austrian  bark 
•'Cainan,"  owned  by  his  uncle  and  operating 
between  Europe  and  America.  He  subsequently 
sailed  on  the  "  Desati  "  as  ordinary  seaman,  on 
the  "Cebeli"  as  able  seaman  and  on  the  "Reuben"' 
as  second  mate,  continuing  in  Atlantic  and 
European  waters.  He  was  discharged  in  New 
York  city,  in  June,  1878,  then  crossed  the  con- 
tinent to  Stockton,  California,  wliere  he  had 
uncles  residing.  After  a  brief  visit  his  passion 
for  the  sea  took  liitn  to  San  Francisco,  where  he 
shipped  on  the  British  vessel  "  Lockee "  for 
Liverpool,  and  followed  the  sea  until  taken  sick 
in  1881.  He  then  returned  to  Stockton  and 
later  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at  Fresno, 
California.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  special 
inspector    at  the   Custom   House  in   San  Fran- 


cisco, and  continued  in  such  incumbency  for 
about  nine  months,  after  which  he  followed 
various  occupations  at  Fresno,  San  Diego  and 
Bakerstield,  and  in  August,  1889,  came  to  Seat- 
tle. His  occupation  was  then  quite  varied  in 
civil  and  political  lines  until  December  1,  1892, 
when  he  was  appointed  Harbor  Master  and 
Port  Warden  at  Seattle.  His  duties  cover  the 
moving  of  vessels,  anchorage,  surveys  of  cargoes, 
and  all  interests  connected  with  shipping  in  the 
port.  lie  is  unmarried.  Democratic  in  politics, 
and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 


AZARD  STEVENS,  the  only  son  of 
I!  Isaac  Ingalls  and  Margaret  L.  (Hazard) 
L    Stevens,  was  born   in   Newport,   Rhode 


IfJf 

J  L  Stevens,  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
■^  Island,  in   1842.     He   was  educated   in 

Boston  and  Cambridge,  and  in  1861,  although 
under  age,  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Seventy- 
ninth  Highlanders,  New  York  Volunteers,  his 
father  being  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  His 
service  was  in  the  campaigns  of  Polk,  Freder- 
icksburg, the  Wilderness,  Shenandoah  valley, 
and  from  Petersburg  to  Appomattox  and  the 
surrender  of  Lee's  army.  His  service  covered 
four  years  and  one  month.  He  M-as  wounded 
three  times,  and  for  meritorious  conduct  and 
bravery  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier 
General.  He  was  mustered  out  in  October, 
1865. 

In.  1866  Mr.  Stevens  returned  to  the  Pacific 
Coast,  and  at  Portland  was  appointed  agent  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  with 
headquarters  at  Wallula.  In  1867  he  was  ap- 
pointed Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Territory  of  Washington.  He  then  removed  to 
Olympia  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that 
office  for  a  period  of  three  years,  meanwhile 
engaging  in  the  study  of  law  under  the  Hon. 
Elwood  Evans,  and  in  1870  was  admitted  to 
the  bar. 

Dui-ing  his  vacation  in  1S70,  accompanied  l)y 
P.  V.  Van  Trump,  he  ascended  the  precipitous 
sides  of  Mount  Rainier,  they  being  the  first  to 
explore  the  summit  of  that  snow-cajjped  mount- 
ain. That  fall  he  was  appointed  attorney  for 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and 
as  such  rendered  efficient  service  to  the  com- 
pany. It)  1874  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Grant  as  Commissioner  to  look  after  the  claims 
of  British  subjects  upon  San  Juan  island. 


HISTORY    OF     WASIirNGTON. 


Returning  East  in  1875,  Mr.  Stevens  entered 
upon  a  professional  career  in  the  city  of  Boston, 
and  has  continued  the  practice  of  law  there  up 
to  the  present  time.  In  1885  he  took  an  active 
part  in  reforming  the  charter  of  the  city.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  the  same  year, 
and  the  succeeding  year  reported  the  bill,  and 
was  instrumental  in  securing  its  passage,  which, 
being  adopted,  has  produced  a  salutary  revolu- 
tion in  the  city  government.  In  1886  Mr. 
Stevens  was  nominated  to  Congress  from  the 
Third  Congressional  District  by  the  tariff  re- 
formers, and  in  1888  and  1892  was  a  member 
of  the  Tariff  Reform  League  Committee  of  New 
England  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Cleve- 
land campaigns. 

*      • *  •'sH     ?     '-S"   '^-^ • 

D\  T.  DENNY,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
J  Seattle,  was  born  in  Putnam  county, 
— '  Indiana,  in  1832.  His  parents,  John 
and  Sally  (Wilson)  Denny,  were  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Virginia  respectively.  About  1816 
they  removed  to  Washington  county,  Indiana, 
the  country  then  being  sparsely  settled.  Mr. 
Denny  sought  that  country  for  his  health,  and 
after  locating  his  claim  he  devoted  his  time  to 
out-of-door  exercise,  and  from  the  game  and 
bee  trees  in  the  locality  he  procured  sustenance 
and  regained  his  health.  He  also  engaged  in 
farming  and  i-emained  in  that  locality  to  1824; 
then  removed  to  Putnam  county,  near  Green- 
castle,  remaining  about  twelve  years,  then 
located  in  Knox  county,  Illinois.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature  in  1840-'41, 
and  in  1849  was  elected  State  Senator. 

In  1851,  with  four  wagons  and  seventeen 
horses  he  transported  his  family  to  Oregon. 
Starting  April  10th,  they  crossed  the  Missis- 
sippi river  at  Burlington,  the  Missouri  river 
near  Council  Bluffs,  thence  proceeded  up  the 
north  side  of  Platte  river  to  the  Sweetwater 
river,  then  by  Fremont's  Pass,  by  Ports  Hall 
and  Boise  and  Snake  river  to  the  Dalles,  where 
they  landed  after  eighty-seven  days  of  travel. 
They  started  with  a  company  of  twenty-two 
wagons,  bat,  horses  traveling  faster  than  oxen, 
the  others  gradually  fell  behind.  No  trouble 
was  experienced  until  arriving  at  Fort  Hall. 
There  the  clerk  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company 
cautioned  them  that  in  case  the  Indians 
approached  and  wished  them  to  stop,  '•  to  keep 


the  horses  moving."  The  following  day,  while 
approaching  the  American  Falls  of  Snake  river, 
an  Indian  camp  was  seen  in  the  distance,  and, 
drawing  near,  the  Indians  rushed  out  shouting: 
"  Ilow-dy-do  !  How-dy-do  !  Stop  !  Stop  !  " 
repeating  their  salutations  as  the  train  kept 
moving.  They  began  firing  from  the  rear,  but, 
producing  no  effect,  attempted  to  head  them  off. 
By  keeping  the  horses  in  action  Mr.  Denny  out- 
stripped them  and  escaped  without  accident,  but 
always  felt  that  the  warning  and  advice  of  that 
agent  at  Fort  Hall  possibly  saved  his  family 
from  massacre. 

From  the  Dalles  the  wagons  and  part  of  the 
family  were  freighted  down  the  river  to  Port- 
land, while  others  took  the  horses  by  the  Bar- 
low trail  across  the  Cascade  mountains  to  the 
Willamette  valley  and  on  to  Portland.  Mr. 
Denny  then  drove  up  the  valley  to  Marion 
county,  and  located  in  the  Waldo  hills,  remain- 
ing until  1859,  then  joined  his  sons  in  Seattle, 
where  he  resided  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 
July,  1875. 

He  served  one  term  in  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, and  by  advice  and  counsel  was  an  active 
spirit  in  Republican  politics. 

D.  T.  Denny  was  reared  upon  the  'farm, 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Illinois,  and 
crossed  the  plains  with  his  father  in  1851, 
arriving  in  Portland  on  the  17th  day  of  August. 
His  first  occupation  was  in  assisting  to  unload 
a  brig  from  Boston,  with  a  cargo  of  merchan- 
dise for  Thomas  C'arter,  thereby  earning  his 
first  $3  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Thus  he  labored 
as  opportunity  offered  until  September  10th, 
when  he  started  for  Puget  Sound  as  helper  to 
John  N.  Low,  in  driving  a  band  of  cattle. 
They  crossed  the  Columbia  river  at  Vancouver, 
then  along  the  north  side  to  the  Cowlitz  river, 
and  up  by  the  regular  trail  to  Olynipia.  Tliere 
they  fell  in  with  Leander  Terry  and  Robert 
Fay,  the  latter  about  starting  with  salt  and 
necessary  utensils  put  up  Salmon  on  the 
Dwamish  river.  They  arrived  at  the  point  now 
called  West  Seattle  September  25,  1851,  then 
not  a  white  settler  in  the  localit}^  Terry,  Low 
and  Mr.  Denny  then  hired  two  Indians  with  a 
canoe  to  take  them  up  the  river  and  round  the 
bay,  returning  to  camp  on  the  28th.  Terry 
and  Low  then  located  claims  on  the  Alki  Point, 
and  Denny  assisted  Mr.  Low  in  building  his 
cabin,  the  first  started  in  King  county,  which 
was  then  a  portion  of  Thurston  county.  Mr. 
Denny  then  remained  to  guard  the  claim  while 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Low  returned  for  his  family,  also  carrying 
a  letter  to  A.  A.  Denny  in  Portland,  describing 
the  surroundings.  Tiiey  then  embarked  with 
their  families  and  friends  upon  the  schooner 
"Exact"  en  route  for  the  Queen  Charlotte 
mines,  and  were  landed  at  Alki  Point  in  JSo- 
vember,  the  little  colony  then  numbei'ing  A.  A. 
Denny,  John  N.  Low,  C.  D.  Boran  and  W.  N. 
Bell,  with  their  families,  including  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  and  Mr.  Terry.  Cabins  were 
then  constructed  to  accommodate  the  several 
families,  and  in  the  spring  of  1852  A.  A. 
Denny,  Boran  and  Beillocated  claims  constitut- 
ing the  present  site  of  Seattle,  and  D.  T.  Denny 
and  Mr.  Boran  started  for  Portland  for  their 
horses.  Upon  their  return  our  subject  located 
his  claim,  fronting  upon  Elliott  bay  and  form- 
ing the  present  site  of  North  Seattle,  a  portion 
of  which  he  platted  and  laid  off. 

He  was  married  January  23,  1853,  to  Miss 
Louisa  Boran,  a  native  of  Illinois,  who  crossed 
the  plains  in  their  company.  Their  first  log 
house  was  built  near  the  water  front  on  Depot 
street,  and  in  1854  they  rebuilt  on  what  is  now 
Mercer  street,  between  Willow  and  Box.  Mr. 
Denny  began  clearing  and  improving  land  for 
farmfng  purposes,  i-eclaiming  eighty  acres  for 
farm,  garden  and  j^asture,  and  as  opportunity 
occurred  he  increased  his  acreage  by  purchase 
until  he  had  acquired  1,080  acres  adjoining  and 
contiguous.  He  then  continued  farming  up  to 
1883,  meanwhile  having  cleared  about  800  acres 
of  land  for  city  purposes,  which  he  had  laid  off 
and  platted  as  Xorth  Seattle,  his  first  plat 
being  in  July,  1869,  to  which  he  subsequently 
made  several  additions.  In  1880  he  purchased 
an  interest  in  the  Western  Mill  Company 
located  at  the  south  end  of  Lake  LTnion,  with  a 
capacity  of  80,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day. 

To  this  and  real  estate  interests  be  then  gave 
his  attention  to  1889,  when  he  organized  and 
incorporated  the  Rainier  Power  &  Railway 
Company,  merging  the  Western  Mill  Company 
with  the  railroad  franchise  from  Yesler  avenue 
through  the  Denny-Fulirman  addition,  crossing 
Lake  LTnion  to  Kavenna  park,  and  covering  a 
distance  of  seven  and  a  half  miles.  Mr.  Denny 
was  elected  president  and  is  still  acting  in  that 
capacity.  The  road  is  fully  completed  and  in 
operation,  by  electric  power,  the  electric  plant 
being  located  at  the  mill,  and  therefrom  they 
are  also  supplying  North  Seattle  with  electric 
light  for  domestic  purposes,  and  are  extending 
their  wires    to   other    parts    of    tho   city.      Mr. 


Denny  has  been  an  extensive  builder  of  resi- 
dences through  his  several  additions  and  built 
his  present  residence,  fronting  on  Temperance 
street,  between  Republican  and  Mercer,  in 
1890,  the  grounds  covering  the  entire  block. 

His  family  numbers  five  children:  Emily 
Inez;  Abby,  wife  of  Edward  L.  Lindsley;  John 
B.,  secretary  of  the  Rainier  Power  &  Railway 
Company;  D.  Thomas,  general  manager  of  the 
Electric  Road  &  Light  Plant;  and  Victor 
W.  S. 

With  the  formation  of  King  county  Mr. 
Denny  was  elected  the  first  County  Treasurer, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  for  eight  years,  then 
three  years  as  probate  judge,  and  later  as  a 
member  of  tlie  City  Council. 

For  thirty-two  years  he  has  served  as  Trustee 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  divided 
among  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
the  Battery  Street  Church  and  the  Trinity 
charge,  and  for  two  terms  served  as  delegate 
from  the  Puget  Sound  Conference  to  the  General 
Conference  iield  in  New  York  city  in  1888,  and 
Omaha,  Nebraska,  in  1892. 

Mr.  Denny  is  one  of  the  honored  landmarks 
of  Seattle,  who  assisted  in  reclaiming  the  land 
from  nature's  fastnesses,  nurtured  by  advice  and 
counsel  the  struggling  young  settlement,  and 
by  financial  and  physical  assistance  has  rendered 
material  service  in  developing  a  city  which  is 
destined  to  become  the  metropolis  of  the  great 
Northwest. 

JfENRY  C.  DAVIS,  Claquato,  Lewis 
"1  county,  Washington,  has  long  been  iden- 
11  tified  with  the  interests  of  the  Northwest. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  drug  business  at 
Tacoma  for  about  eight  years,  and  was  also  City 
Treasui-er  for  threeyears,  after  which  he  turned 
his  attention  to  real-estate  dealings  and  did  a 
successful  business  in  that  line  for  several  years. 
He  built  the  first  three-story  brick  buildine  that 


ever  erected  in  Tacoma.     At 


he  is 


a  general  speculator  and  always  alive  to  public 
improvement. 

Mr.  Davis  w.\e  born  in  Fort  Waytie,  Indiana, 
in  1815,  and  lived  tliere  until  lie  was  about  five 
years  old.  In  1851  he  was  brought  by  bis 
parents  to  Portland,  Oregon,  coming  across  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  and  being  six  months  en 
route.      His   father,   Lewis  II.    Davis,  was  born 


HISTORY    OF    WASHTNOTOJf. 


in  Windsor  county,  Vermont,  in  1794,  and  was 
a  man  in  whose  make-up  were  fouud  all  the 
elements  of  a  true  pioneer.  lie  served  as 
Captain  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  also  participated 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  The  Davis  family 
remained  in  Portland  one  year,  after  which 
they  moved  to  Drew's  mill  near  Cowlitz  Land- 
ing in  Lewis  county,  Washington.  A  year  later 
they  moved  to  Claquato,  where  the  father  of 
our  snhject  erected  a  sawmill  and  gristmill, 
laid  out  the  town  of  Claquato  and  built  a  court- 
house, which  he  donated  to  Lew-is  county.  He 
also  built  a  church  and  a  schoolliouse,  and  con- 
structed many  miles  of  public  road.  Here 
Henry  C.  Davis  has  since  resided,  with  the 
exception  of  the  time  he  was  engaged  in  busi- 
ness at  Tacoma,  his  parents  having  passed 
away  some  years  ago. 

Mr.  Davis  married  Ida  A.  Scott,  who  was 
l)oni  in  Pennsylvania  in  1867.  She  emigrated 
with  her  parents  to  Lewis  county,  Washington, 
in  1884.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  have  one  dear 
little  girl,  Ethel  L. 

THOMAS  M.  EEED,  Jr.,  Eegister  of  the 
United  States  Land  Othce,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Seattle,  was  born  in  the  old  historic 
town  of  Coloma,  California,  in  January, 
1857.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Tliomas  M. 
and  Elizabeth  H.  (Finlay)  Eeed,  the  former  of 
whom  was  one  of  the  argonauts  of  California, 
and  concerning  whose  life  detailed  mention  is 
made  on  another  page  of  this  volume. 

Tlie  subject  of  whom  we  here  make  record 
was  prepared  for  college  in  the  scliools  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  and  then  entered  Princeton 
College,  New  Jersey,  graduating  thereat  with 
the  class  of  1878.  Returning  to  Wasliington, 
he  entered  the  law  oftice  of  Hon.  Elwood  Evans, 
of  Tacoma,  and  later  the  office  of  Hon.  James 
McNaught,  of  Seattle,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory 
in  1881.  He  then  entered  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Olympia,  forming  a  copartnership 
with  J.  T.  Brown,  which  association  continued 
until  1885.  Mr.  Reed  then  practiced  alone  for 
two  years,  at  the  exjiiration  of  which  time  he 
removed  to  Seattle,  continuing  in  the  line  of  his 
profession. 

In  1889,  under  the  administration  of  Presi- 
dent  Harrison,  Mr.  Reed  was  appointed  by  the 


President  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate  as  Reg- 
ister of  the  Land  Office,  with  headquarters  at 
Seattle.  His  district  covers  the  pulilic  domain 
of  northwestern  Washington,  extending  130 
miles  south  from  the  British  line  and  from  the 
Cascade  mountains  to  the  sea. 

Mr.  Reed  was  married  in  Olympia  in  1887, 
to  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of  Gen.  T.  J.  McKenny, 
whose  biography  appears  in  this  history.  One 
child,  Irving,  has  been  the  issue  of  the  above 
union. 

Socially  Mr.  Reed  affiliates  with  the  Royal 
Arch  Masons  and  is  a  Past  Odd  Fellow. 


C*^  W.  PITCHFORD,afarmerofCh 
Y  ie  prairie,  Clarke  county,  was  born  in 
---^  Jefferson  county,  Illinois,  October  9, 
1848,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  E.  Pitchford, 
both  deceased.  The  father  died  when  C,  W. 
was  but  a  few  months  old,  and  the  mother  sur- 
vived until  18'J1. 

Mr.  Pitchford  resided  in  Illinois  until  1867, 
when  he  emigrated  to  Oregon,  locating  upon 
the  Umpqua  river.  Later  he  removed  to  La 
Center,  Washington,  and  from  there  to  his  pres- 
ent farm.  This  now  consists  of  160  acres, 
sixty  under  cultivation  and  devoted  to  general 
farming. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Pitcliford  is  a  stanch 
and  active  Democrat,  and  in  fraternal  relations 
he  is  a  member  of  Amhoy  Lodge,  I.  0.  O.  F., 
and  also  of  Grange  -No.  79,  P.  of  H. 

He  is  a  man  of  a  family.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  E.  P.owlin,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  they 
have  had  eight  children,  namely:  Mary  B.,  now 
the  wife  of  Harry  Gregory:  Harriet  E.,  Clar- 
ence, Leslie,  Etta,  Franklin,  Ella  and  Elva, — 
the  unmarried  being  all  still  at  ther  parental 
home. 


ORVAL  H.  LATIMER.— Among  the 
representative  and  successful  financiers 
of  Seattle,  we  find  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  though  one  of  the  youngest 
financiers  is  manager  of  the  oldest  banking 
house  in  the  State  of  Washington.  He  was 
born  in  Monmouth,  Illinois,  May  7,  1863.  His 
parents,  William  G.  and  Martha  J.  (Pierce) 
Latimer,  were  natives  of  the  same  locality,  and 


HlaTOMT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


descended  from  j^ioneers  of  the  State.  Norval 
H.  was  reared  upon  the  farm  and  was  educated 
cliiefly  by  self-application  Ijy  lamp-light  after 
the  duties  of  the  day  were  performed.  While 
engaged  in  the  harvest  Held,  in  the  summer 
of  1881,  he  was  approaciied  by  officers  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Kirkwood,  Illinois,  and 
thereupon  tendered  the  position  of  bookkeeper. 
The  offer  was  such  a  surprise  to  young  Latimer 
that  he  asked  for  time  to  consider,  but  subse- 
quently accepted  and  there  con)menced  his 
banking  and  financial  education.  As  book- 
keeper and  assistant  cashier,  he  remained  in  the 
bank  until  the  fall  of  1882,  when  became  direct 
to  Seattle,  and  upon  making  application  to  Messrs. 
Horton  ct  Denny,  bankers,  for  a  position,  was 
engaged  as  bookkeeper.  As  a  financier  of 
marked  ability  his  efforts  soon  became  appre- 
ciated, and  he  successfully  ascended  the  scale  of 
responsibility  until  placed  in  entire  manage- 
ment. This  bank  was  originally  organized  by 
David  Phillips  and  Dexter  Ilorton,  in  1870, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Phillips,  Horton  A:  Co., 
and  so  continued  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Phillips 
in  March,  1872,  when  Mr.  Horton  continued 
alone,  adopting  the  name  of  Dexter  Horton  & 
Company.  Mr.  A.  Denny  entered  the  bank  at 
this  time,  as  executor  of  the  Phillips  estate,  and 
after  closing  the  affairs  of  the  estate  he  took 
one-half  interest  in  the  bank  under  the  existing 
firm  name,  which  Mr.  Horton  offered  to  change 
at  the  time,  but  being  fully  satisfied  with  the 
name  Mr.  Denny  declined  to  allow  the  change. 
This  arrangement  continued  up  to  1887,  when 
the  bank  was  reorganized  as  a  State  bank  under 
the  name  of  Dexter  Horton  &  Co.,  bankers. 
The  interests  were  somewhat  changed  and  Mr. 
Wm.  S.  Ladd,  of  Portland,  became  president. 
They  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  |20U,000, 
and  have  accumulated  a  surplus  of  $100,000, 
with  $86,923  49  as  undivided  profits.  The  em- 
inent success  of  the  banking  house  speaks  louder 
than  words  of  the  alile  and  efficient  manage- 
ment which  has  been  accoi'ded. 

Mr.  Latimer  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1890, 
to  Miss  Margaret  Moore,  native  of  Illinois.  The 
union  has  been  blessed  with  two  sons. 

Through  the  destruction  of  several  buildings  in 
the  fire  of  June,  1889,  Mr.  Latimer  was  quite 
a  heavy  loser,  but  has  since  erected  the  brick 
block  corner  of  Maine  and  Commercial  streets, 
60  X  111  feet,  four  stores  and  basement,  and  is 
interested  in  other  real-estate  enterprises.  He 
assisted  in  organizing  the  Columbia  National 


Bank  at  New  AVhatcom,  in  1889,  with  a  capital 
of  $100,000,  and  has  continued  his  interest  as 
vice-president. 

Such  is  briefly  the  history  of  one  of  Seattle's 
active,  enterprising  business  men,  who  arrived 
upon  the  coast  without  financial  capital,  but  who 
by  good  judgment  and  keen  foresight  in  invest- 
ing his  savings  and  making  his  negotiations 
has  rapidly  come  to  the  front,  and  to-day  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  able  and  successful 
financiers  of  the  city  of  Seattle. 


TD.  HINCKLEY,  one  of  the  honored 
pioneers  of  Seattle,  was  born  on  High 
Prairie,  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois,  June 
30,  1827.  His  jjarents,  Timothy  and 
Hannah  (Smith)  Hinckley,  were  natives  of  Maine, 
where  their  ancestors  were  among  the  pioneers  of 
the  State.  Timothy  Hinckley  was  a  ship  carpen- 
ter by  trade,  and  started  westward  in  1816,  first 
locating  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  married.  In  1818  he  removed  to  Illinois, 
traveling  by  water  and  going  up  the  Mississippi 
river  on  one  of  the  old  "  broad-horn  "  fiat-bot- 
tom boats,  which  was  "  poled  "  on  its  way  along 
the  shores,  this  being  before  the  days  of  steam 
navigation.  He  took  up  a  claim  on  High 
Prairie,  and  then  worked  as  wheelwright  in  St. 
Louis  and  elsewhere,  thus  supporting  his  family 
during  the  pioneer  experiences.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  at- 
tended the  winter  schools  of  St.  Clair  county, 
up  to  his  fourteenth  year,  when  he  began  work- 
ing with  his  father  in  the  sawmill  at  Belleville, 
Illinois,  and  learned  the  trade  of  engineer. 
Reaching  his  majority  in  1848,  young  Hinckley 
then  struck  out  for  self-support,  and  going  to 
Lexington,  Missouri,  he  engaged  in  the  milling 
business  and  remained  until  1850,  when  he 
joined  three  companions  and  with  a  prairie 
outfit  of  horses  and  mules  crossed  the  plains  to 
California.  After  a  pleasant  experience  of 
ninety  days  they  arrived  safely  at  Hangtown, 
now  known  as  Placerville.  There  Mr.  Hinckley 
engaged  in  mining,  which  he  pursued  in  various 
localities  until  February,  1853;  then,  going  to 
San  Francisco,  he  embarked  by  sailing  vessel 
for  Portland.  Thence,  in  company  with  Henry 
Adams,  now  of  Kent,  and  Frank  Mathias,  now 
deceased, ho  came  overland  to  Olympiaand  down 


kisTORT  ot  WAsnimTon. 


the,  Sound  to  Seattle,  then  but  a  very  small 
hamlet.  Mr.  Hinckley  began  work  as  engineer 
at  the  Port  Madison  mill  and  later  in  the  same 
capacity  for  II.  L.  Yesler  at  Seattle,  and  Cap- 
tain Kenton  at  Port  Orchard.  He  also  served 
as  engineer  of  the  old  steamboat  "  Traveler,"' 
M'hich  plied  between  Olympia  and  Victoria, 
earring  mail,  passengers  and  freight.  While 
thus  engaged  he  towed  the  first  raft  of  logs 
ever  taken  down  Piiget  Sound.  Thus,  in  steam- 
boating  and  nulling,  Mr.  Hinckley  was  occupied 
until  1875,  when  he  retired  to  his  small  farm 
of  nine  acres,  bordering  on  Lake  Union,  and 
there  began  clearing  and  improving.  With  cows, 
ciiickens,  frnit  and  gardening,  he  provided  for 
his  family,  accepting  such  other  occupation  as 
he  could  secure.  He  bought  a  lot  120  feet 
square, — the  present  site  of  tlie  Hinckley 
Block, — at  ail  early  day,  paying  $250  therefor, 
and  in  18U0  built  the  present  spacious  and 
handsome  building.  He  still  resides  at  Lake 
Union,  where  he  owns  four  and  half  acres  of  his 
original  purchase. 

In  politics  ]\Ir.  Hinckley  was  formerly  a 
Whig,  Ijut  later  became  a  Democrat.  He  served 
in  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  the  session  of 
1856-'57,  and  was  the  originator  of  the  bill 
creating  and  organizing  the  county  of  Kitsap. 
He  has  since  served  two  terms  in  the  Legisla- 
ture; was  one  of  the  early  Justices  of  King 
county,  and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  City 
Council.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hinckley  have  seven 
children  who  lived  to  years  of  maturity,  viz.: 
Katharine  IL,  now  Mrs.  Perry  Poison,  of  La 
Conner;  Charles  B.;  Clara  D.,  now  Mrs.  Sher- 
man; Moran,  of  Seattle;  Ferdinand;  Walter  R. ; 
Ira;  and  Lyman. 


M  MOS    BROWN,   one    of    the   successful 
i/j\    pioneers  of   Puget   Sound,  was  born   in 
//~|\   Bristol,    Grafton    county.    New    Hamp- 
■f/  shire,    July    29,  1833.       His    parents, 

Joseph  and  Relief  (Ordway)  Brown,  were  natives 
of  the  same  State,  and  of  Scotch  and  English 
ancestors,  who  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers 
of  the  country.  Joseph  Brown  was  a  prominent 
lumber  manufacturer,  with  extensive  mills  on 
the  Merrimac  river,  where  he  dealt  in  masts 
and  spars  and  conducted  a  general  milling  busi- 
ness, which  he  superintended  until  he  was  sixty 


years  of  age,  when  two  of  his  sons  succeeded 
him  in  the  business  and  are  still  carrying  it 
forward. 

Amos  Brown  was  reared  to  habits  of  industry, 
and  as  work  was  placed  before  study  at  tliat 
early  period  his  opportunities  for  acquiring 
knowledge  were  exceedingly  limited.  He  began 
work  in  the  lumber  camp  at  the  age  of  ten 
years,  and  in  mature  years  engaged  in  driving 
logs  on  the  I'iver,  and  being  a  fearless  and 
daring  youth  he  soon  excelled  in  this  oc- 
cupation and  became  an  expert  in  the  busi- 
ness, securing  the  highest  wages.  He  also 
worked  in  n)ills,  until  he  Ijecame  superintend- 
ent, possessing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  every 
department.  Leaving  home  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  he  followed  lumbering  up  to 
1858,  when  the  Fraser  river  gold  excitement 
broke  out  and  he  acquired  the  "  fever,"  sold  his 
interests  and  started  for  the  new  El  Dorado  of 
the  Northwest.  Going  to  New  York,  he 
secured  steerage  passage,  by  the  Panama  route, 
to  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  paying  |255  for 
continuous  passage.  The  voyage  was  unevent- 
ful, except  the  discomfort  of  overcrowded 
steamboats,  but  suffering  no  accidents  he  duly 
an'ived  at  Victoria,  then  to  find  the  golden 
bubble  broken,  the  hopes  of  thousands  blasted, 
and  the  town  overcrowded  with  suffering, 
starving  humanity.  Disappointed  but  not  dis- 
heartened, Mr.  Brown  began  looking  about  for 
work,  and  with  his  knowledge  of  lumbering 
interests  at  once  sailed  for  Port  Gamble,  when 
he  found  ready  employment  at  $75  per  month 
and  expenses.  He  took  charge  of  a  logging 
camp  for  the  first  year.  He  then  bought  an  in- 
terest in  logging  teams,  secured  contracts  with 
the  mill  company,  and  conducted  a  very  suc- 
cessful business  for  two  years,  when  he  sold  his 
interests  and  returned  to  the  employ  of  the 
company  under  salary,  and  tilled  positions  of 
trust  up  to  1865,  when  he  resigned  to  visit  his 
old  home  in  New  Hampshire. 

In  1859,  without  visiting  Seattle,  Mr.  Brown 
was  induced  to  purchase  property  on  Sjiring 
street,  between  Second  street  and  the  water 
front,  and  in  1861  made  his  first  visit  to  the 
town.  In  1863,  he  and  Messrs.  M.  R.  Maddocks 
and  John  Condon  built  the  old  "  Occidental  " 
hotel,  on  the  present  site  of  the  Occidental 
Block,  and  the  hotel  was  conducted  about  two 
years  by  Messrs.  Maddocks  &  Brown.  Our  sub- 
ject then  sold  his  interest  to  John  Collins,  who 
now  owns  the  property.    Mr.  Brown  returned  to 


UISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Seattle  in  the  spring  of  1867,  and  then  formed 
a  partnership  with  I.  C.  Ellis  of  Olympia  and 
resumed  the  lumber  business,  which  was  con- 
tinued very  successfully  for  ten  years.  Mr.  Brown 
then  operated  alone  up  to  188"i,  when  he  sold 
out  and  retired  from  business,  except  in  looking 
after  liis  private  affairs,  which,  owing  to  the 
increased  values  of  lands,  and  his  extensive 
operations  in  real  estate,  represented  a  hand- 
some fortune.  He  still  owns  valuable  business 
property,  improved,  and  large  tracts  of  timber 
lands  in  several  of  the  counties  adjoining  the 
Sound. 

Mr.  Brown  was  married,  in  the  fall  of  1867, 
to  Miss  Annie  M.  Peebles,  native  of  Xew  York, 
and  the  same  fall  he  erected  his  cottage  home 
on  the  corner  of  Front  and  Spring  streets,  wiiere 
his  family  have  since  resided.  He  served  the 
city  one  term  in  its  conncil,  and  tiie  State  for  two 
years,  as  one  of  the  directors  of  Steilacoom 
Hospital  for  the  Indians.  He  has  five  chil- 
dren: Ulson  L.,  Brownie,  Ora,  Anna  and  Helen. 
Mr.  Brown  is  Kepublican  in  politics,  and 
fortnerly  was  an  active  partisan,  though  latterly 
he  leaves  the  work  to  younger  men.  He  is 
genial  and  hospitable  in  his  associations,  possess- 
ing a  kind  and  generous  nature  and  enjoying 
the  respect  of  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  ac- 
quaintances. 


LIEUT.  JOHN  W.  RUMSEY    is    a    resi- 
[   dent  of  Seattle  and  is  actively  concerned 
1   in     her    real-estate     interests.     He    was 

born  in  Batavia,  New  York,  March  6,  1888. 
His  father  Joseph  E.  Rumsey,  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Batavia,  New  York,  in  1801,  and 
was  there  reared,  educated  and  finally  married, 
being  united  to  Miss  Lucy  M.  Ransom  of 
Connecticut.  He  followed  the  life  of  an  agri- 
culturist up  to  1866,  and  then  retired  and  passed 
the  remaining  years  of  his  life  in  Chicago. 
John  W.  remained  with,  his  parents  upon  the 
farm  and  improved  the  educational  facilities  of 
the  locality  until  1855,  when  he  went  to  Chicago 
and  entered  the  employ  of  Rumsey  Bros.  &  Co. 
and  there  remained  until  April,  1861,  when, 
with  the  commencement  of  the  war  and  the 
call  for  three-months  troops,  he  went  out  with 
the  Chicago  Battery,  later  known  as  Company 
A,  First  Illinois  Light  Artillery,  that  being  the 
first  company  of   volunteer  troops    to   leave  the 


State.  They  went  at  once  to  Cairo,  Illinois, 
where  they  did  valiant  service  in  holding  that 
city  to  the  Union,  and  also  made  frequent  raids 
into  Missouri  and  about  the  northern  portion  of 
the  State.  At  the  completion  of  the  term  of 
service,  the  company  re-enlisted  almost  to  a 
man  and  insisted  that  the  term  of  service  be 
"  for  the  war,"  whether  three,  five  or  ten  years. 
After  re-enlistment  they  were  forwarded  to 
Paducah,  Kentucky,  where  they  made  their 
headquarters,  with  frequent  trips  through  tiie 
surrounding  country,  until  the  organization  of 
the  army,  under  General  Grant,  when  they 
proceeded  up  the  Tennessee  river  and  partici- 
pated in  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donel- 
son,  and  then  moved  on  to  Shiloh,  where  they 
were  on  the  extreme  left  during  the  battle  of  the 
first  day,  and  on  the  second  day  reported  to 
General  Sherman  and  were  stationed  on  tiie 
extreme  riglit.  General  Sherman  ordered  them 
into    position    and    personally   designated    tiie 


joints  to  be  siielled.     Because  of  the  br 


avery 


of 


the  battery  the  officers  gained  his  cordial  friend- 
ship, and  subsequently,  when  the  request  was 
made  by  Sergeant  Chase  for  passes  to  enable 
them  to  go  back  for  supplies.  General  Sherman 
said,  "  My  compliments  to  that  three-gun  bat- 
tery; and  they  can  have  anything  they  want." 

Mr.  Rumsey  was  elected  Junior  Second  Lieu- 
tenant by  the  company  at  Paducah,  Kentucky, 
and  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  by 
Governor  Richard  Yates,  of  Illinois.  By  subse- 
quent promotion  he  ascended  the  scale  until  he 
became  Senior  First  Lieutenant  and  was  fre- 
quently in  command  of  the  battery.  From 
Shiloh  Company  A  continued  under  General 
Sherman's  command,  actively  participating  in 
the  battles  of  Corinth,  Memphis,  Chickasaw 
Bayou,  Arkansas  Post,  sieges  of  Vicksburg  and 
Jackson,  Mission  Ridge,  and  the  first  battle  of 
Resaca,  May  13, 1864,  when  Lieutenant  Rumsey 
was  wounded,  disabled  and  sent  to  the  general 
field  hospital  at  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  and 
thence  to  liis  home  in  Chicago,  where  he  received 
honorable  discharge  in  August,  1864.  After 
recuperation  hespent  one  year  in  the  oil  regions 
of  Pennsylvania,  as  superintendent  of  the 
Garden  City  Oil  Company.  In  February,  1866, 
he  returned  to  Chicago  and  engaged  in  business 
ou  the  Board  of  Trade,  in  the  handling  of  grain 
and  provisions,  and  there  continued  until  Novem- 
ber, 1888,  when,  having  learned  of  the  resources 
and  opportunities  of  the  Puget  Sound  district 
and  particularly  of  Seattle,  he  started  for  that 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


favored  locality.  Duly  arriving,  he  was  agree- 
ably impressed  with  the  city  and  people  and  at 
once  looked  for  investments  in  city  and  in  acre 
property,  directing  particular  attention  to  tlie 
vicinity  of  Ballard,  where  he  has  since  conducted 
large  transactions.  His  methods  of  business 
have  been  in  the  buying  and  selling  of  land,  and 
not  in  operating  on  the  commission  basis,  and 
his  interests  extend  over  the  city  and  also 
include  acre  property  in  Kitsap  county. 

Lieutenant  Runisey  was  married  in  1806,  to 
Miss  Charlotte  M.  Day  of  Batavia,  New  York. 
Eight  children  have  been  born  of  this  union,  three 
sons  and  fire  daughters,  all  of  whom  reside  on 
the  corner  of  Short  and  Elliott  streets,  Queen 
Anne  Hill. 


W.  LYNCH,  one  of  the  leading  furni- 
ture dealers  in  Seattle,  was  born  in  Racine, 
Wisconsin,  December  3,  1843.  His  par- 
ents, Oliver  and  Sarah  (Cross)  Lynch,  natives  of 
New  York  and  England  respectively,  of  Scotch, 
Irish  and  English  ancestry.  They  located  in  AVMs- 
consin,  about  1838,  where  Mr.  Lynch  followed 
his  trade  as  carpenter  and  builder.  In  1854  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  followed  mining 
a  short  time,  then  engaging  in  trade  and  farming 
in  the  vicinity  of  Stockton,  where  heAvas  joined, 
in  1856,  by  his  family,  who  made  the  ti'ip  via 
the  Panama  route.  In  1863  they  removed  to 
the  San  Jose  valley,  and  in  1870  to  Puget 
Sonnd  and  located  a  claim  of  160  acres  on 
Fidalgo  island  near  Deception  Pass,  where  he 
has  since  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
Our  subject  was  reared  upon  the  ranch,  with 
but  limited  privileges  in  the  line  of  educational 
advantages.  When  old  enough  to  carry  a  gun, 
he  began  hunting  through  the  marshes  about 
San  Francisco  bay  for  diick  and  game,  which 
occupation  proved  so  profitable  that  he  con- 
tinued it  for  fourteen  years,  spending  his  sum- 
mers in  various  occupations.  He  began  his 
mercantile  experience  in  the  clothing  store  of 
E.  C.  Dake  of  San  Francisco  in  1864,  working 
only  through  the  summer,  while  his  winters 
were  passed  in  hunting. 

He  was  married  in  Chicago,  in  1870,  to  Miss 
Bella  M.  Farnham,  of  Michigan.  Returning 
to  the  coast,  Mr.  Lynch  then  located  160  acres 
on  Fidalgo  island,  and  followed  farming  for 
live  years,  when,  because  of  the  ill  health  of  his 
wife,  he  took  her   to  San  P'rancisco,  where  she 


died  in  April,  1877,  leaving  two  small  children, 
Elva  and  Leslie.  In  1879  Mr.  Lynch  returned 
to  Pnget  Sound,  locating  at  La  Conner.  He 
was  married  at  Stanwood,  in  1880,  to  Miss 
Constance  Bradley,  a  native  of  Missouri.  He 
then  located  in  Seattle,  following  carpenter  work 
for  one  year.  Then,  becoming  clei'k  for  Clark 
&  Andersoti,  in  the  furniture  business,  he  con- 
tinued up  to  September,  1882,  when  was 
formed  the  partnership  of  Lynch  &  Yahlbusch, 
which  firm  engaged  in  the  furniture  business, 
opening  a  small  store,  the  present  site  of  the 
Grand  Hotel  on  Front  street.  There  being  no 
railroad  communication  with  the  East,  all  fur- 
niture was  purchased  at  Portland  and  San  Fran- 
cisco. After  fourteen  months  the  firm  changed 
to  Lynch  &  Wood  and  so  continued  until  May, 
1878,  when  Mr.  Wood  retired  and  our  subject 
continued  operations  alone.  On  the  first  of 
January,  1888,  he  sold  one-fourth  interest  to 
N.A.Veline  and  continued  under  the  firm  name 
of  O.  W.  Lynch  &  Co.,  up  to  the  disastrous  fire 
of  June,  1881),  when  they  were  burned  out, 
entailing  a  net  loss  of  $25,000.  Business  was 
resumed  on  the  12th  of  July,  in  a  warehouse 
on  West  street  between  University  and  Spring, 
and  there  conducted  until  the  coinpletion  of  the 
Arlington  Hotel  Block,  into  which  building  the 
firm  moved  on  March  1,  1890.  They  have 
since  occupied  six  stories  in  this  block,  utilizing 
a  floor  space  of  20,000  square  feet.  They  carry 
a  full  line  of  furniture  of  the  most  noted  manu- 
facturers of  the  East,  among  them  being  Berkey 
&  Gay,  the  Widdicomb  Furniture  Company, 
Grand  Rapids  Chair  Company,  Phomix  Fur- 
niture Company  and  Gunn  Folding  Bed  Com- 
pany, all  of  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan;  also  the 
lines  of  G.  W.  Willdns  Company,  J.  S.  Ford, 
Johnson  &  Co.,  A.  Peterson  &  Co.,  and  Frank 
Winter,  all  of  Chicago,  and  products  from  many 
other  manufactories  of  Wisconsin  and  Indiana. 
Their  business  is  chiefly  by  retail  through  the 
Sound  district,  luniishing  t!ie  leading  hotels  of 
Seattle  and  conducting  a  very  extensive  trade. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lynch  have  two  children,  Clair 
and  Josephine. 

— '^'%^nw^^ — 

djOHN  FAIRFIELD,  a  well  known  resi- 
1  dent  of  Seattle,  member  of  the  Seattle  bar, 
^^  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  May 
24,  1858,  son  of  John  and  Honora  (Coleman) 
Fairfield.     The    Fairfield    ancestors    settled    in 


548 


HI  STOUT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Massachusetts  about  1780,  and  followed  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  with  tlie  exception  of  the 
father  of  our  subject,  who  engaged  in  contract- 
ing and  building.  John  Fairfield,  the  subject 
of  the  sketch,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Boston  up  to  his  eighteenth  year,  when  he 
began  the  study  of  law  under  the  preceptorship 
of  Hon.  Henry  W.  Paine,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1879.  He  then  followed  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Boston  until  1881,  when  he 
removed  to  Dakota  and  engaged  in  the  raising 
of  cattle,  with  a  herd  ranging  from  300  to  500 
head.  After  close  attention  to  the  business,  he 
sold  his  interests,  and,  locating  at  Miles  City, 
Montana,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  con- 
tinning  until  December,  1889,  and  being  asso- 
ciated with  Hon.  W.  A.  Burleigh,  in  the  year 
just  noted  he  removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  has 
since  been  engaged  in  a  general  practice.  Hav- 
ing had  considerable  experience  in  criminal  law, 
he  has  been  connected  with  some  of  the  most 
prominent  criminal  cases  in  the  State,  and 
through  his  ability  and  uniform  success  has 
built  up  an  extended  and  lucrative  practice.  He 
is  president  of  the  Donohue  &  Fairfield  Gold 
Mining  Company,  which  owns  a  number  of 
valuable  mines  under  development  in  the  Pe- 
shastin  mining  district  in  Kittitass  county. 

Mr.  Fairfield  was  married  in  1879,  to  Miss 
Mary  Hudson  of  Boston,  and  to  them  have  been 
born  three  children:  John,  Jr.,  Frederick  and 
Florence.  Fraternally  Mr.  Fairfield  is  a  mem- 
ber of  no  orders.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat, 
and, carrying  the  same  enthusiasm  into  a  political 
campaign  that  he  does  into  a  legal  contest,  his 
presence  is  a  forceful  influence  in  whatever 
direction  his  sympathies  and  enthusiasm  are  en- 
listed. 

Mr.  Fairfield  has  been  connected  with  news- 
paper enterprises  of  the  West  to  a  considerable 
extent,  having  been  editor  and  proprietor  of 
two  papers. 


ONORABLE  JOSEPH  R.  LEWIS  was 
born  in  London,  Ohio,  September  17, 
11  1829.  His  great-grandfather  was  a  na- 
tive of  Wales,  and  emigrated  to  Penn- 
sylvania at  an  early  day.  Colonel  Philip  H. 
Lewis,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  but  in  boyhood  emigrated  with 
parents   to  Adams  county,  Ohio,  subsequently 


removing  to  London,  Madison  county,  where  he 
met  and  married  Miss  Abigail  Melvin,  a  native 
of  east  Tennessee  and  a  descendant  of  the  Hu- 
guenots of  the  Carolinas,  formerly  from  the 
province  of  La  Vendee,  France.  Colonel  Lewis 
was  engaged  for  some  thirty-odd  years  in  hotel 
keeping  at   London.     He  was   a  large   man   of 


commandinir  presence  and 


prom 


nent  in  the  af- 


fairs of  the  State  and  county.  He  served  as 
Sheriff  of  his  county  for  several  terms;  was 
several  times  elected  as  a  member  of  the  Senate 
and  House  of  the  Ohio  Legislature;  was  well- 
known  all  over  the  State  and  had  much  to  do  in 
shaping  tiie  laws  and  policy  of  the  State  Gov- 
ernment. During  the  sessions  of  court  Colonel 
Lewis'  house  was  headquarters  for  the  bar  which 
in  those  days  traveled  the  circuit,  and  during 
the  times  of  court  congregated  about  the  houses 
and  discussed  the  affairs  of  State  and  nation 
and  "  cracked  jokes."  Among  the  wise  men 
were  the  Swans,  Wilcox  and  Parsons,  of  Colum- 
bus; General  Sampson,  Mason  and  Anthony,  of 
Springfield;  Corwin,  of  Urbaua;  Douglas,  of 
Chillicothe,  and  other  distinguished  lawyers  of 
the  State.  In  this  school  young  Lewis  acquired 
a  desire  for  the  law  and  an  admiration  for  law- 
yers. His  mother  was  a  large  woman,  active 
and  earnest.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church  for  seventy-five  years,  and  died  in 
the  faith.  She  was  charitable  and  earnest  in 
the  affairs  of  her  church,  a  devoted  wife,  a  fond 
mother  and  devout  Christian.  Up  to  his  thir- 
teenth year  young  Lewis  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  town.  His  father  was  then 
stricken  with  palsy,  and  not  being  blessed  with 
sordid  riches  of  life,  Joseph  R.  was  thrown  up- 
on his  own  resources  and  worked  about  the  town 
at  whatever  employment  he  could  get  during 
the  summer,  and  in  the  winter  attended  the 
academy  at  London.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  common  schools 
of  the  county  and  did  a  great  deal  of  general 
reading,  besides  taking  up  the  study  of  law  un- 
der the  preceptorship  of  Honorable  Richard  A. 
Harrison,  of  London,  now  a  distinguished  attor- 
ney of  Columbus,  Ohio.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  circuit 
court  of  Ohio  at  Chillicothe  in  1851,  and  at  once 
proceeded  to  the  (then)  "  West," — the  State  of 
Iowa. 

Arriving  in  that  State  in  1855,  without  funds, 
he  taught  school  four  months  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  Washington,  Iowa,  and  commenced 
the  practice.     Court  was  held  infrequently  and 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  but  short  duration,  and  to  enable  him  to  get 
along  he  engaged  in  the  Kecorder's  ofBce  in  that 
place  for  some  two  years.  He  was  present  at 
the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  in 
Iowa  City  in  1856,  and  in  August  following 
was  elected  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Wash- 
ington county,  and  served  until  1859,  then  en- 
gaged in  active  practice  in  Washington  and  sur- 
rounding counties.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  affairs  of  the  young  State  and  worked  for 
men  and  principles  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  in  Iowa  during  the  great  Lincoln  cam- 
paign of  1860. 

After  the  election  of  General  Grant  in  1868, 
Mr.  Lewis'  health  broke  down,  and  on  April 
15,  1869,  he  was  appointed  by  the  President  as 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Idaho,  and  proceeded  to  Boise  City  in  that  Ter- 
ritory, in  May,  1869.  He  held  court  the  first 
year  in  Silver  City,  the  Owyhee  Mining  Dis- 
trict and  at  Boise  City,  and  in  1870  organized 
a  court  in  southeastern  Idaho  at  Malad  City, 
where  he  held  two  terms.  May  25,  1871,  he 
was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  New  Mex- 
ico, but  did  not  accept  the  appointment,  and  in 
the  fall  of  that  year  he  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  Boise  City,  continuing  to  March  21, 
1872,  when  he  was  appointed  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Bench  of  the  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington, and  in  April  following  he  proceeded  to 
Walla  Walla,  the  first  judicial  district  to  which 
he  was  then  assigned.  At  that  time  the  whole 
of  eastern  Washington  constituted  but  one  dis- 
trict. He  held  court  at  Walla  Walla  and  Cot- 
ville,  and  in  1872  organized  other  courts  in  the 
district.  Without  any  effort  on  his  part,  upon 
January  26,  1875,  he  was  appointed  as  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory, 
and  in  April  of  the  same  year  moved  to  Seattle, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  held  court  at 
Seattle,  Tacoma,  Steilacoom  and  Snohomish, 
and  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Bench  at- 
tended terms  of  that  court  at  Olympia.  He 
served  one  full  term  of  four  years  as  Chief  Just- 
ice, and  in  July,  1879,  joined  the  bar  of 
Seattle. 

He  at  once  entered  an  active  and  lucrative 
practice,  and  has  at  all  times  taken  a  great  in- 
terest in  the  affairs  of  the  city  and  State.  He 
was  active  in  building  up  the  superior  school 
system,  and  was  earnest  in  defending  the  city 
against  the  attacks  from  without.  During  the 
controversy  between  Seattle  and  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railway    Company    in    1885,    he  was 


elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial  House  of 
Representatives  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the 
city  and  county  in  that  body.  In  1887  he  re- 
tired from  general  practice,  but  acts  from  time 
to  time  as  counsel  in  cases  of  moment. 

In  1883  he  organized  tiie  First  National  Bank 
of  Yakima,  and  served  as  its  president  until 
November,  1889,  when  he  disposed  of  his  stock 
and  resigned.  He  was  one  of  the  early  stock- 
holders of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Seattle, 
acted  as  attorney  and  for  a  time  as  president, 
but  subsequently  sold  his  interest.  He  was  also 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  Dexter,  Horton  & 
Company,  bankers,  in  1887,  but  has  since  dis- 
posed of  his  intei'est. 

Judge  Lewis  was  married  in  Washington, 
Iowa,  in  January,  1859,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Chap- 
man, a  native  of  Iowa  and  of  English  descent. 
They  have  two  children:  Howard  W.  and  Jo- 
seph C.  The  Judge  retired  from  active  practice 
in  1887,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  looking 
after  his  personal  inten-^ts.  He  has  been  active 
in  improving  loi^lciii-r  ami  business  property  in 
Seattle,  and  his  ln-^t  cITorts  have  always  lieen 
enlisted  on  the  side  of  enterprise  and  develop- 
ment. During  his  seven  years  of  service  upon 
the  Supreme  Bench  of  Washington,  he  never 
missed  a  term  of  court,  with  one  exception, 
when  he  was  prevented  by  Indian  troubles,  and 
no  decision  made  by  him  was  ever  reversed 
while  he  was  on  the  Supreme  Bench. 


d|OHN  ARTHUR,  member  of  the  law  firm 
I  of  Arthur,  Lindsay  A:  King,  of  Seattle,  is 
-^  of  Anglo-Irisli  descent,  born  in  Ireland, 
June  20,  1849.  While  he  was  attending  school 
in  England  his  family  suffered  reverses,  and  to 
retrieve  their  fortune  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  in  1861,  to  improve  the  oppor- 
tunities offered  by  a  free  and  independent  peo- 
ple. 

Locating  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  continued  his  studies,  which  had  been 
well  founded  in  the  older  country,  and  sul)se- 
quently  accepted  a  position  as  bookkeeper  and 
store  clerk  for  a  railroad  contractor.  Upon  the 
completion  of  the  work  young  Arthur  entered 
the  service  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com- 
pany on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  line,  and  was 
soon  promoted  to  a  position  of  trust  and  respons- 
ibility.      It  had  been  one  of   his   youthful  am- 


530 


ill  STOUT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


bitions  to  follow  a  literary  life,  until  reversed 
fortune  changed  his  plans.  Subsequently  decid- 
ing upon  a  legal  profession,  he  studied  law,  in 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  under  the  precepcorship  of 
Hon.  John  P.  "Vincent,  ex-Presiding  Judge  of 
the  Erie  Judicial  District.  Being  an  apt  stu- 
dent, Mr.  Arthur  made  rapid  progress,  and  in 
due  course  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 

Desiring  a  higher  education,  he  removed  to 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  and  entered 
the  law  school  of  the  Columbian  University  and 
completed  the  regular  and  post-graduate  course 
of  two  years  each.  Upon  his  graduation,  in  the 
second  year,  as  Master  of  Laws,  he  was  awarded 
the  lirst  prize  of  the  school  in  competition  for 
producing  the  best  essay  upon  a  legal  subject. 
The  prize  was  delivered  to  him  in  the  presence 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  with  his 
cabinet  and  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
The  presentation  was  made  by  the  Solicitor- 
(Tcneral  in  behalf  of  the  Attorney-General,  who 
complimented  Mr.  Arthur  for  his  able  and 
scholarly  production,  and  shortly  afterward 
moved  that  Mr.  Arthur  be  permitted  to  practice 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
which  was  an  unusual  mark  of  favor  and  inter- 
est. During  these  years  of  study  Mr.  Arthur 
was  engaged  on  legal  work  for  the  Government. 
Upon  resigning  his  position  he  was  tendered 
the  United  States  Attorneyship  for  New  Mex- 
ico, which  he  declined.  He  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  Washington,  and 
was  immediately  successful;  meanwhile  he 
became  an  enthusiast  on  the  Puget  Sound 
country  and  resolved  to  remove  to  that  fa\ored 
locality. 

While  engaged  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1883,  in 
organizing  a  colony  for  Seattle,  he  was  offered 
the  Attorneyship  for  the  Tacoma  Land  Com- 
pany, which  he  accepted  and  removed  his  family 
to  that  city.  In  April,  1887,  he  removed  to 
Seattle,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  con- 
ducted an  extensive  practice  in  land  litigation, 
to  which  branch  of  law  he  gives  particular  at- 
tention. In  recognition  of  his  ability,  in  1888, 
he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Seattle  Bar  Asso- 
ciation and  vice-president  of  the  State  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, which  oliices  he  still  holds;  and  he  is  also 
an  active  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

He  was  married  at  Philadelphia,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1880,  to  Miss  Amy  A.  Lane,  daughter  of 
Honorable  William  S.  Lane,  a  prominent  law- 
yer of  that  city.  Their  only  child  died  in  in- 
fancy.    Mr.    Arthur  is  prominently  connected 


with  the  Masonic  order,  being  a  member  of  tiie 
blue  lodge,  Royal  Arch  chapter,  and  commandery, 
York  rite;  also  thirty-second  degree,  Scottish 
rite,  and  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  In  politics  he 
is  a  decided  Republican,  but  is  no  sense  a  seeker 
for  political  preferment.  He  is  chairman  of 
King  county  Republican  committee  and  Presi- 
dent ^ro  tempore  of  the  State  Board  of  L^niver- 
sity  Land  and  Building  Commissioners,  of 
which  the  Governor  is  jjresident  ex  offii'io.  Mr. 
Aftliur  takes  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs 
and  through  his  general  fund  of  information  is 
frequently  called  upon  to  address  public  gather- 
ings. He  is  a  devout  believer  in  the  future 
greatness  of  Seattle;  and  is  still  imbued  with 
his  early  impressions  that  Washington  possess- 
es greater  natural  advantages  than  any  other 
State  in  the  Union. 

/f^  EORGE  A.  REICH,  M.  D.,  a  successful 
I  If  piactitioner  in  the  city  of  Seattle,  and 
>^  eminent  as  a  specialist  in  treating  the 
^  eye  and  ear,  was  born  in  Breslau,  Ger- 
many, in  January,  1846.  His  ancesti-y  were 
long  resident  of  that  locality  and  for  years  have 
been  coimccted  with  the  Government  service  in 
civil  positions.  George  A.  received  his  prepara- 
tory education  at  the  gymnasium  of  Breslau 
and  then  entered  the  university,  where  he  pur- 
sued the  advanced  studies  in  literature,  and  also 
prosecuted  the  work  in  the  medical  department 
and  graduated  therefrom  in  1869.  He  then 
entered  the  German  army,  during  the  closing 
months  of  the  Franco-German  war,  and  served 
until  1870,  when  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  ocean 
to  New  Tork,  thence  coming  by  the  Panama 
route  to  San  Francisco,  California.  He  then 
went  to  the  mining  district  of  Arizona  near 
Prescott,  but  the  Indians  were  too  hostile  to 
permit  the  carrying  on  of  mining  operations,  and 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the 
United  States  army  and  stationed  at  Camp 
Yerde  near  Prescott,  where  he  remained  about 
one  year,  then  returned  to  San  Francisco  and 
became  associated  with  Dr.  W.  Smith,  a  prom- 
inent oculist  of  that  city,  with  whom  he 
remained  about  twelve  years.  In  1877  he 
attended  a  course  of  lectures  in  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  California  and 
received  his  degree  from  that  institution.  In 
1884   the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and    Dr. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Keich  came  to  the  PngetSoiUKl  di&trict.  First 
locating  in  Tacoma,  he  remaiuecl  one  year,  and 
in  1885  came  to  Seattle,  where  he  has  since 
been  established  in  active  practice  as  a  special- 
ist of  the  eye  and  ear.  In  1887  he  made  a  trip 
to  Europe  to  gather  new  ideas  of  treatment  from 
the  hospitals  of  Berlin  and  Breslau,  and  he  has 
made  frequent  trips  to  New  York  city,  in  con- 
sultation with  Dr.  II.  Knapp,  the  recognized 
leader  of  the  profession  in  this  and  all  other 
countries. 

Dr.  lleich  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in 
1882,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Chissman,  the  land  of 
whose  nativity  is  England.  Socially  Dr.  Reich 
affiliates  with  the  German  societies  and  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  State 
and  Seattle  Medical  Societies. 

As  a  scientilic  writer,  the  articles  from  the 
pen  of  Dr.  Reich  find  ready  publication  in  the 
medical  journals  of  America  and  Germany,  and 
in  his  profession  he  holds  an  enviable  position 
throughout  the  Northwest. 

'^■&-^ ~ 

COLONEL  HENRY  LANDES,  President 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Port 
Townsend,  and  one  of  the  foremost  self- 
made  men  of  the  Northwest,  was  born  at  a  small 
town  in  Germany,  October  8,  1843,  but  his 
earliest  recollections  are  of  Kentucky,  to  which 
State  he  emigrated  with  his  parents  when  but 
four  years  of  age.  Li  Kentucky  our  subject 
grew  to  manhood,  and  while  pursuing  iiis  edu- 
cation he  also  developed  the  spirit  of  adventur- 
ous ambition,  which  led  him,  on  the  1st  of 
October,  186  L,  to  break  away  from  the 
restraints  of  school;  and,  being  opposed  to  the 
principles  of  slavery  and  secession,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  B,  Twentieth  Kentucky  Federal 
Infantry.  In  that  regiment  he  served  his 
country  faithfully  and  well  for  over  three  years, 
and  participating  in  all  the  principal  battles 
from  Shiloh  to  the  capture  of  Atlanta,  after 
which,  at  the  close  of  his  enlistment,  he  was 
honorably  mustered  out  of  service.  In  1870  he 
pushed  west  until  he  reached  the  Pacific  coast 
at  San  Francisco.  He  then  proceeded  to  Vic- 
toria and  thence  to  the  Ominica  gold  mines  of 
British  Columbia,  where  he  followed  placer 
mining  for  about  eighteen  months,  then  re- 
turned to  Victoria,  iinancially  "  broke."  There 
he  met  Boscovitz  Bi'others,  wlio  knew  his  fam- 


ily in  Germany;  and  as  Mr.  Landes  was  a  man 
of  Hue  physique,  he  was  sent  by  Boscovitz 
Brothers  to  Neah  Bay  to  take  charge  of  their 
trading  post;  in  which  after  tiiree  years  of  la- 
borious but  successful  work  Mr.  Landes  re- 
ceived an  interest,  and  continued  the  business 
profitably  up  to  1876,  when  he  removed  to  Port 
Townsend  and  there  engaged  in  business,  in 
which  he  continued  two  years,  then  sold  his  in- 
terest and  engaged  in  private  banking  and  the 
loaning  of  money. 

In  1883  he  organized  the  First  National 
Bank  and  became  its  president,  in  which  oflice 
he  has  since  continued.  He  has  also  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  enterprises  of  city  develop- 
ment, and  owns  property  all  over  the  Sound 
country.  With  the  organization  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  he  was  elected  president  and  served 
four  years.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
has  served  four  years  as  member  of  tlie  City 
Council,  during  which  time  he  was  many  times 
acting  Mayor.  He  served  three  years  as  City 
Treasurer,  and  three  years  as  memljer  of  the 
Public  School  Board,  and  during  the  latter  ser- 
vice he  was  actively  instrumental  in  reorganiz- 
ing and  grading  the  city  schools. 

In  June,  1884,  Colonel  Landes  was  appointed 
by  Governor  William  A.  Newell  to  the  impor- 
tant position  of  member  of  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners to  locate  the  new  Territorial  peni- 
tentiary. In  March,  1885,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Cominis.Mnnrr.  to  locate  Port  Town- 
send's  present  (Mivriiiiii, ■lit  ImiMiiigs.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1885,  lie  \v;i-  r<imiui^Miined  by  Governor 
Watson  C.  Squire,  a  memlier  of  the  Governor's 
military  staff,  as  Assistant  Adjutant-General, 
with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1886,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Squire 
a  commissioner  to  select  a  suitable  site  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb  asylum. 

He  was  one  of  the  incorporators,  and  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  Port  Townsend  &  South- 
ern Railway  Company,  which  was  organized  in 
1887  to  build  from  the  Strait  of  Fuca  to  Port- 
land. On  the  29th  of  April,  1889,  he  was 
commissioned  by  Governor  Miles  C.  Moore  as 
Quartermaster-General,  with  the  rank  of  Col- 
onel of  the  National  Guard  of  Washington.  On 
October  1,  1889,  he  was  elected,  from  the  dis- 
trict composed  of  Jefferson,  Clallam  and  San 
Juan  counties,  to  the  first  State  Senate.  While 
there  he  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Military 
Committee,  Tide  Land  and  other  committees,  and 


6o2 


msTORT  OF   WAsniNorott. 


took  an  active  interest  in  shaping  the  hiws  of  the 
new  State.  May  12,  1890,  he  was  commissioned 
by  Governor  Eiisha  P.  Ferry  as  Paymaster- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  National 
Guard  of  Washington.  March  7,  1892,  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Ferry  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Health  of  Pnget  Sound  and  was 
elected  president  of  that  body.  April  6,  1893, 
he  was  commissioned  by  Governor  John  H. 
McGraw  as  Paymaster-General,  with  rank  of 
Colonel,  National  Guard  of  Washington. 


/T^  EN ERAL  WILLIAM  McMICKEN,  ex- 
I  ¥/■  Surveyor-General  of  the  Territory  of 
^^j  Washington  and  a  resident  of  the  city  of 
^  Olympia,  was  born  in  Yonngstown, 
Niagara  county,  New  York,  January  1,  1827. 
His  father,  Charles  McMicken,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Scotland  and  emigrated  to  the  West 
Indies,  where  he  followed  civil  engineer- 
ing upon  the  island  of  Tobago  up  to  1816,  when 
he  came  to  the  United  States  and  continued  his 

Srofession.  He  was  married  in  New  York,  to 
[iss  Helen  Jordon,  of  English  descent,  and  re- 
sided in  Porter  until  1836,  when  he  removed  to 
Medina  county,  Ohio,  and  there  passed  the  bal- 
ance of  his  life.  William  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Ohio,  and  with  his  father  learned  the 
profession  of  engineering,  and  with  an  uncle  the 
trade  of  cabinet-naaking.  In  1847  he  left  home 
and  went  to  Lake  Mills,  Jefferson  county.  Wis- 
consin, and  purchased  an  interest  with  E.  Beatty 
&  Company,  manufacturers  of  farm  machinery. 
Through  his  connection  with  farmers,  and  re- 
alizing the  increased  values  of  improved  farm 
lands,  he  desired  to  engage  in  that  occupation, 
and  selling  his  interest,  in  1854,  he  removed  to 
Dodge  county,  Minnesota,  purchased  640  acres 
of  wild  prairie  land  and  began  development, 
making  his  residence  chiefly  at  Mantorville,  the 
county  seat.  He  broke  np  560  acres  of  his 
farm,  sowing  annually  about  400  acres  to  wheat, 
continuing  the  farming  operations  very  success- 
fully until  1869,  when  he  sold  out.  In  1858  he 
was  elected  Recorder  of  Dodge  county,  and  re- 
elected in   1860. 

With  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  aided 
in  recruiting  Company  B  of  the  Tenth  Minne- 
sota Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  commissioned 
First  Lieutenant,  Colonel  J.  H.  Baker  in  com- 


mand. Their  first  service  was  in  Missouri,  un- 
til the  Sioux  outbreak  in  1862,  when  the  regi- 
ment was  returned  to  Minnesota  to  subdue  the 
Sioux  Indians.  They  were  siibsecjuently  for- 
warded to  the  Department  of  Tennessee,  Six- 
teenth Army  Corps.  In  1863  he  was  on  de- 
tailed service  as  Provost  Marshal  at  St.  Louis, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain.  He 
served  under  Generals  Schoiield,  Rosecrans  and 
Thomas,  and  after  the  battle  of  Nashville  in 
December,  1864,  the  regiment  was  sent  to  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf  under  General  E.  R.  S. 
Canby.  After  the  capture  of  Mobile,  they 
marched  through  Montgomery,  Jacksonville, 
Vicksburg,  and  then  returning  to  Fort  Snelling, 
Minnesota,  they  were  mustered  out  in  Septem- 
ber, 1865.  The  Captain  was  then  appointed 
Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  of  the  First  Con- 
gressional District  of  Minnesota,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Mantorville.  He  discharged  the  duties 
of  that  office  for  six  years.  The  hardships  and 
privations  of  the  war  were  upon  the  Captain, 
and,  owing  to  ill- health,  in  1871  he  resigned, 
and  by  the  advice  of  his  physician  sought  the 
milder  and  more  equable  climate  of  Washing- 
ton Territory.  At  Kalama  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  was 
stationed  there  during  the  construction  of  the 
road  between  the  Sound  and  the  Columbia  river. 
In  the  spring  of  1873  Captain  McMicken  was 
appointed  by  President  U.  S.  Grant  as  United 
States  Surveyor-General  for  AVashington  Terri- 
tory, and  entered  at  once  upon  the  duties  of  that 
office.  He  was  re-appointed  by  President 
Hayes,  and  later  by  President  Arthur,  serving 
continuously  for  nearly  fourteen  years,  and  dur- 
ing his  last  term  was  officially  the  oldest  incum- 
bent of  that  office  in  the  United  States.  Among 
the  more  prominent  surveys  during  his  term  of 
office  was  that  of  the  San  Jnan  group  of  islands, 
the  title  to  which  was  determined  by  arbitra- 
tion with  Great  Britain.  He  also  surveyed  the 
Indian  reservations  and  subdivided  them  into 
tracts  of  forty  acres  each,  for  allotment  to  the 
Indians,  forty  acres  being  given  to  each  man, 
woman  and  child.  The  special  coal,  timber  and 
stone  surveys,  under  special  acts  of  1873  and 
1878,  were  conducted  under  his  supervision. 
He  also  directed  the  surveys  of  the  Palouse 
country  and  Big  Bend  of  the  Columbia  river  in 
eastern  Washington.  According  to  his  sugges- 
tion and  recommendation  the  meander  line  of 
lands  bordering  u])on  the  Sound  and  tide  lands 
was  placed  at  mean  high  tide. 


nisTuur  OF  wa^^uington. 


After  a  long  and  unprecedented  term  of  ser- 
vice, the  General  retired,  in  1886,  and  was  then 
appointed  Territorial  Treasurer  by  Watson  C. 
Squire,  Governor  of  the  Territory,  and  in  tliat 
capacity  served  two  years,  wlien  he  retired  from 
public  service,  whicli  had  been  continuous  for 
nearly  twenty-five  years. 

General  and  Mrs.  JMcMicken  have  three  chil-- 
dren:  Herbert,  engaged  in  real-estate  business 
in  Seattle;  Maurice,  attorney  in  Seattle;  and 
Nellie,  wife  of  Frank  Dayton,  hardware  mer- 
chant in  Portland.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McMickeu 
reside  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Tenth  and 
Columbia  streets,  in  the  second  oldest  frame 
house  in  Olympia,  the  same  having  been  erected, 
about  18G0,  by  James  Tilton,  the  first  Surveyor- 
General  of  the  Territory,  and  having  been  sub- 
sequently purchased  by  General  McMickeu.  It 
commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  bay  city  and 
mountains,  and  surrounded  by  a  well  kept  lawn 
is  one  of  the  most  attractive  homes  of  the  city. 

The  General  is  a  distinguished  Mason,  having 
passed  all  the  intermediate  chairs;  he  is  now 
Eminent  Commander  of  Olympia  Commandery, 
No.  7;  Grand  High  Priest  of  Royal  Arch  Ma- 
sons, Jurisdiction  of  "Washington,  and  Past 
Deputy  Grand  Master  of  the  State.  He  is  a 
member  of  George  II.  Thomas  Post,  No.  5,  G. 
A.  K.,  Past  Senior  Vice-Commander  of  the  De- 
partment of  Washington,  and  a  member  of  the 
Loyal  Legion,  Comnuindry  of  Oregon.  For 
recreation  the  General  is  devoted  to  his  dog, 
gun,  and  rod.  and  for  fifteen  years  has  been 
President  of  the  Olympia  Rod  and  Gun  Club, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  expert  marksman  in  the 
State. 

Thus  briefly  is  portrayed  the  life  of  one  of 
Washington's  niu.st  distinguished  citizens, — one 
whose  i'i])Utaf ion  lias  been  made  by  years  of 
faithful,  conscieutioMs  service,  and  is  now  pass- 
ing his  declining  years  surrounded  by  all  the  com- 
forts of  life,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  honor 
and  respect  of  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances. 


THOMAS  JACKMAX,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative business  men  of  Port  Townsend, 
who  has  taken  an  active  part  in  thedevel- 
0])ment  of  the  city,  was  born  at  Dittis- 
ham,  Devonshire,  England,  February  14,  1834. 
He  was  the  youngest  of  seven  children  and  is 
the  only  survivor  of  his  family.    His  father  was 


a  sea  captain  and  in  early  life  our  subject  be- 
came enamored  of  a  like  occupation,  and  at 
twelve  years  of  age  left  home  and  followed  the 
sea  for  three  years,  leaving  his  ship  at  liueiios 
Ayres,  South  America,  where  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  sheep  business,  first  as  employee 
and  later  proprietor,  continuing  up  to  1855.  He 
then  returned  to  the  sea,  and,  with  a  brief  ex- 
perience upon  the  great  lakes,  landed  at  San 
Francisco  in  1858.  He  then  started  for  the 
scene  of  the  Fraser  river  excitement,  but  on 
arrival  at  Port  Townsend  in  January,  185'J,  en- 
gaged in  the  revenue  service  on  tlie  Jefi'erson 
Davis.  In  1861  and  1862  he  visited  the  Cari- 
boo and  Stickeen  mines,  then  returned  to  the 
revenue  service  as  Master  of  the  cutter,  Joe 
Lane,  and  continr.ed  until  1863,  when  he  was 
offered  a  commission  in  the  revenue  service, 
but  decided  to  return  to  private  life.  He  was 
then  placed  in  charge  of  the  United  States 
Marine  Hospital  at  Port  Angeles,  and  one  year 
later  became  Inspector  of  Customs  under  Doc- 
tor Gunn,  collector,  and  discliargi^d  the  duties 
of  that  office  about  eighteen  months.  \\x-  then 
purchased  160  acres  of  valuable  land  at  the  head 
of  Port  Angeles  bay  and  engaged  in  fai-ming. 
In  1869  he  entered  into  mercantile  life,  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster  and  also  secured  the  mail 
contract  between  Port  Townsend,  Dungeness 
and  Port  Angeles,  making  weekly  trips.  In 
1873  he  closed  out  all  interests  and  removed  to 
Port  Townsend,  where  he  engaged  in  business, 
which  he  has  continued  at  intervals  with  very 
great  profit.  In  1878  he  engaged  in  canning 
clams,  but,  without  knowledge  of  the  business, 
and  associates  proving  incompetent,  the  enter- 
prise was  not  sueee>>ful.  In  1879  he  tried 
specidation  in  mining  secui-ities  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, thi'ough  which  he  sufiereij  heavy  loss, 
but  through  similar  investments  in  later  years 
he  realized  a  very  lai-ge  return.  In  1889  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Eisenbeis  syndicate, 
composed  of  Charles.  Eiseidjeis,  Henry  Landes, 
R.  C.  Hill,  Joseph  K.  Kuhn,  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  They  purchased  800  acres  west  of 
town  known  as  the  Eisenbeis  addition,  which 
has  been  cleared,  platted,  and  much  of  it  sold 
for  building  purposes.  They  are  also  the  build- 
ers of  the  Eisenbeis  Hotel,  and  liave  brought 
about  many  other  notable  local  improvements. 
Mr.  Jackman  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Port  Townsend  Motor  Railroad  Company, 
which  built  the  first  street  railroad  in  tlic  city. 
He  is  a  director    of  the   First    National    lian!. ; 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNGTON. 


director  of  the  Port  Townsend  Soutbern  Rail- 
road, and  was  an  active  organizer  and  the  tirst 
treasurer  of  the  Port  Townsend  Steel  Wire  and 
Nail  Company,  besides  taking  a  foremost  part  in 
the  many  other  enterprises  of  city  develop- 
ment. 

He  was  mari-ied  ^at  Port  Angeles,  in  1865,  to 
Miss  Cynthia  J.  Smith,  native  of  Illinois  and 
sister  of  Hon.  Victor  Smith,  who  came  to  Pnget 
Sound  in  the  fall  of  1861  as  Collector  of  Cvis- 
toras,  by  appointment  of  President  Abraham 
Lincoln.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackman  have  no 
children  surviving.  At  ])resent  (1893)  Mr. 
Jackman  is  president  of  the  Mt.  Olympus 
"Water  Company,  a  position  he  also  filled  two 
years  ago. 


F'eANK  H.  OSGOOD,  one  of  the  most 
successful  and  entei-prising  citizens  of 
^  Seattle,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  New 
Hampshire.  Aft'er  completing  his  education 
he  engaged  in  business  in  I3oston,  Massachusetts, 
where  be  remained  until  1882.  In  that  year 
he  made  the  tour  of  the  Pacific  coast,  with  a 
view  to  investments  and  business  opportunities. 
Traveling  through  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington,  he  duly  arrived  at  Seattle,  wiiich 
was  the  first  city  be  found  to  fulfill  his  expect- 
ations. After  making  some  investments,  and 
having  investigated  enterprises,  railroads,  etc., 
Mr.  Osgood  returned  to  the  East,  closed  up  his 
affairs  and  again  visited  Seattle.  The  first 
street  railroad  was  then  under  discussion,  and 
after  franchises  were  secured  Mr.  Osgood  became 
interested,  and  aided  in  the  incorporation  of 
the  Seattle  Street  Railway.  He  was  elected  its 
president  and  manager,  and  jn'oceeded  to  build 
the  road,  which  was  operated  with  horses  about 
five  years,  it  being  the  first  Street  Railway  con- 
structed in  Washington  Territory.  During 
this  time  he  became  convinced  that  electricity 
was  to  be  the  coming  power,  although  no  roads 
were  then  in  successful  operation. 

[n  1887  Mr.  Osgood  again  visited  the  East, 
reviewing  such  short  lines  of  road  as  were  then 
iu  operation,  and  while  conferring  with  a  com- 
pany of  railroad  men  in  Boston  he  announced 
his  convictions  regarding  the  utility  of  electric 
power,  but  found  no  supporters.  Regardless 
of  opposition,  Mr.  Osgood  returned  to  Seattle, 
where  he   met  still   further  opjwsition   by  his 


own  associates.  Still  he  went  carefully  and 
systematically  to  work  to  convert  the  horse 
railroad  to  the  electric  system.  Commencing 
in  1888,  he  completed  the  system  the  same 
year,  it  then  being  the  first  electric  railway 
west  of  Omaha  and  one  of  the  earliest  successful 
ones  in  the  United  States,  and  after  demonstrat- 
ing the  successful  application  be  then  received 
tlie  most  cordial  support  from  his  friends  in 
Seattle,  and  was  also  complimented  upon  his 
foresight  by  the  railroad  men  of  Boston.  Since 
perfecting  his  own  system  Mr.  Osgood  has  en- 
gaged quite  extensively  in  building  electric  roads 
throughout  the  Northwest,  and  has  done  more 
or  less  work  in  every  city  where  the  electric 
system  is  now  in  use.  In  1890  he  built  an 
electric  plant  in  Victoria,  British  Columbia, 
for  illuminating  purposes,  and  is  now  lighting 
the  larger  part  of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  promoters  and  stockholders  of  tiie 
Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad,  and 
served  as  its  treasurer  until  the  road  was  sold; 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Washington 
Improvement  Company;  was  instrumental  in 
building  the  first  canal  between  Lakes  Union 
and  Washington;  and  has  also  rendered  sub- 
stantial aid  iu  minor  enterprises,  always  having 
stood  with  the  foremost  in  giving  of  his  sub- 
stance in  the  upbuilding  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Osgood  married  Miss  Georgina  B.  Arqnit, 
a  native  of  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Mr.  Osgood 
is  a  gentleman  of  modest  demeanor,  but  of 
great  persistency  of  purpose,  and  to  his  fore- 
sight, sound  judgment  and  enterprise  is  due 
the  vast  electric-railroad  development  of  the 
Northwest. 


nS     II.  WOOLERY,  a  resident  of   Sumner, 
l/_A\     Pierce  county,  AVashington,  was  born  in 
l/~li  Lexington,    Fayette   county,    Kentucky, 
V  February  16,  1825,  and  is    the  only  one 

now  left  of  a  family  of  eleven  children.  The 
Woolery  family  moved  to  Palmyra,  Marion 
county,  Missouri,  when  A.  II.  was  seven  years 
of  age,  and  tiiere  he  lived  on  a  farm  fi>r  twenty- 
one  years.  In  1853  he  crossed  the  plains  with 
an  ox  team,  came  direct  to  the  Puyallup  valley 
and  settled  on  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres, 
located  one  mile  from  where  Sumner  now 
stands.  Here  he  engaged  in  farming  until 
1875.    That  year  he  turned  his  attention  tohop~ 


HISrORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


raising,  in  which  he  was  successfully  engaged 
for  some  time.  He  now  has  his  farm  leased 
and  makes  his  home  in   Sumner. 

Mr.  Woolery  was  married  in  1848  to  Mary 
Ann  AVhobrey.  They  liave  been  members  of 
the  liaptist  Church  for  forty-six  years. 

Mr.  Woolery's  father,  Francis  "Woolery,  was 
a  farmer  and  was  of  German  descent,  lie  died 
in  Marion  county,  Missouri,  in  1856. 


^ 


b°^^ 


JACOB  FURTII,  cashier  and  manager  of 
the  Puget  Sound  National  Bank,  and  one 
of  the  most  able  financiers  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  Bohemia,  province  of  Austria,  in  No- 
vember, 1840.  His  education  was  chiefly  ac- 
(|uired  in  the  activities  of  life,  as  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  years  he  was  sent  to  Buda-Pesth  to  learn 
the  trade  of  confectioner,  and  when  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  started  for  the  United  States, 
traveling  direct  to  California,  where  his  brother, 
S.  Furth,  was  then  located.  On  arrival,  Jacob 
went  to  Nevada  City  and  spent  six  months  in 
the  public  school,  learning  the  English  lan- 
guage; then  as  clerk  entered  the  clothing  store 
of  Block  &  Co.,  and  there  remained  until  1863, 
securit)g  a  practical  education  in  business  re- 
quirements. In  1863  the  store  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  subject  found  occupation  in  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  at  Shingle  Springs,  El 
Dorado  county,  up  to  1868,  when  he  went  to 
North  San  Juan  and  became  a  member  of  the 
mercantile  firm  of  Harris  &  ("o.  Shortly  after 
they  established  a  branch  house  at  Colusa,  and 
conducted  a  very  successful  business  np  to  1876; 
then  Mr.  Furth  purchased  the  entire  interest, 
ami  continued  the  same  until  1883,  when  he 
sold  out  and  retired  from  mercantile  life.  He 
then  lemoved  to  Seattle  and  organized  the 
Puget  Sound  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of 
S50,000.  Business  commenced  on  August  1, 
1883,  with  Bailey  Gatzert,  president,  and  Jacob 
Furth,  cashier  and  active  manager.  February 
1,  1889,  the  capital  was  increased  to  $150,000, 
and  February  1,  1891,  to  §300,000,  with  a  sur- 
plus at  this  time  (October,  1892)  of  $95,000. 
At  the  end  of  the  first  calendar  year  their  de- 
posits amounted  to  S89,000;  at  the  end  of  ninth, 
ij'l, 545,000.  While  this  bank  has  engaged  the 
active  attention  of  Mn  Furth,  he  has  also  been 
enlisted  in  furthering  other  enterprises.  In 
1887  lie  was  one  of  the  organizers  and   is  still 


the  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Snohomish,  with  a  capital  of  $50,000.  He 
also  assisted  in  the  organization  of  and  is  still 
connected  with  the  management  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Wliateom:  capital  $50,000; 
the  Ellciisl.ur-  X.ilioial  Hank:  capital  $50,000; 
the  Pc..j,k'\  Siaiiig>  r.aiik,  of  Seattle:  capital 
§100,000;  the  Bank  of  .Muntcaima,  Chehalis 
county:  capital  !js75,()00;  the  Scaii(liiia\iaii  Amer- 
ican Bank,  of  Seattle:  caj.utal  s75.0(HI;  and  was 
one  of  the  moving  spirits  in  organizing  the 
Seattle  Clearing-Honse  Association  in  1889,  and 
has  continued  in  the  office  of  president.  He 
is  also  a  stockholder  and  director  in  the  Fj-ont 
Street  Electric  Bailroad,  the  Madison  street 
cable  line,  and  the  Second  street  electric  system. 
He  is  president  of  the  California  Lan'd  and 
Stock  Company,  with  a  capital  of  .s8()O,OU0. 
They  own  13,000  acres  of  land  in  Lincoln 
county,  Washington,  and  are  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock-raising. 

Mr.  Furth  was  married  in  Shingle  Springs, 
California,  in  1865,  to  Miss  L.  A.  Dunton,  of 
Indiana.  Three  children  have  blessed  the  Union: 
Jennie  E.,  wife  of  E.  L.  Terry;  Anna  W.  and 
Sidonie  E.  Socially,  Mr.  Furth  affiliates  with 
the  Masonic  order.  He  has  taken  no  active 
part  in  politics,  as  business  interests  have  occu- 
pied the  best  efforts  of  hi.=  life.  He  owns  valu- 
able property  in  the  city  of  Seattle,  and  iuxs  re- 
cently completed  a  haiidsiinic  i-esiilciice  on  the 
corner  of  Ninth  and  Terrace  streets. 

Such  is  a  brief  synopsis  of  the  life  of  one  of 
Seattle's  successful  financiers,  one  who  by  per- 
sonal effort  has  overcome  many  obstacles,  and, 
by  maintaining  a  fixed  purpose,  has  received  a 
well  merited  reward. 


;;  M.  SPINNING,  a  farmer  residing  near 
Sj  Sumner,  Pierce  county,  Washington,  is 
'  one  of  the  representative  men  of  his  vi- 
cinity, and  of  him  we  present  the  following 
brief  sketch  in  this  work. 

Mr.  B.  M.  Spinning  Avas  born  in  Fountain 
county,  Indiana,  August  7,  1829,  son  of  Isaac 
N.  Spinning,  a  farmer  and  a  Yankee.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  lived  in  Fountain  county 
until  he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  attending 
the  schools  of  that  place  and  working  on  a  farm. 
He  started  across   the  plains  for  the  far  West, 


ni STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


March  24,  1851,  and  after  a  long  and  tedious 
journey  arrived  at  Portland,  Oregon,  September 
24,  1851.  There  be  worked  as  a  teamster  dur- 
ing tbe  winter,  and  the  following  spring  went 
to  Rogue  river  mines  in  the  soutbern  part  of 
Oregon,  wbere  lie  remained  until  September  1, 
1852.  Then  be  spent  a  shoi't  time  in  Portland 
and  from  there  went  to  Lewis  county  and  at  a 
place  about  three  and  a  half  miles  from  tbe 
present  city  of  Chebalis  be  took  a  donation 
claim  to  160  acres.  After  farming  tbere  about 
six  years,  he  came  to  Pierce  county  and  took  a 
claim  about  seven  miles  from  the  city  of  Taco- 
ma.  Tbe  following  four  years  be  was  employed 
in  a  sawmill  owned  by  Andrew  Byrd.  Next, 
we  find  him  on  a  reservation,  twelve  miles  west 
of  Olympia,  as  agent  and  teacher  to  500 
Indians.  He  taugbt  the  Indians  to  farm 
and  do  otber  kinds  of  work,  and  was  thus 
employed  for  two  years.  Then  be  turned 
his  attention  to  lumbering  on  Puget  Sound, 
wbere  be  did  a  successful  business  about  eight 
yeaj-s.  His  next  move  was  to  his  present  loca- 
tion in  Pierce  county,  and  here  he  has  been 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  ever  since. 

Mr.  Spinning  was  married  in  1854  to  iUary 
J.  Castro,  and  they  have  two  children. 

He  takes  a  commendable  interest  in  public 
affairs.  For  two  years  he  has  served  as  County 
Commisioner  of  Pierce  county  and  for  four 
years  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace. 


[[Jf  IKAM  BURNETT,  one  of  the  well-known 
pioneers  of  tbe  Puget  Sound  country, 
and  an  honored  citizen  of  Seattle,  was 
born  at  Southburg,  Massachusetts,  July 
5.  1817.  His  parents  were  Charles  and  Kezia 
(Pond)  Burnett,  both  natives  of  the  Bay  State 
and  descendants  of  pioneer  ancestry,  all  of 
whom  followed  agricultural  pursuits. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  tbe  public 
schools  of  Southburg  and  at  tbe  city  of  Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts.  At  tbe  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  began  learning  the  carpenter's  trade, 
and  after  four  years  of  service  went  to  Rhode 
Island,  where  he  continued  in  that  occupation. 
He  was  married  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  in 
1845,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Gibl)s,  and  con- 
tinued to  reside  in  tbe  State  of  Rhode  Island 
until  1852,  when,  after  providing  comfortable 
arrangements  for  liis  family  be  started  for  Cali- 


fornia. Duly  arriving  in  San  Francisco,  he 
found  ready  employment  in  one  of  the  planing 
mills  at  $7  per  day.  He  remained  in  San  Fran- 
cisco until  1855,  and  then  came  to  Port  Gam- 
ble, under  engagement  with  the  Puget  Mill 
Company,  as  superintendent  of  their  planing 
mill.  In  1856  be  returned  to  the  East  for  his 
family,  but  instead  of  returning  at  once  to  the 
Pacific  coast  he  located  in  Kansas.  Alter  a 
short  time,  however,  he  became  dissatisfied  with 
that  State,  and  in  1858  be  removed  to  Puget 
Sound  again,  returning  to  tbe  employ  of  the 
Port  Gamble  mill,  in  bis  old  position  of  super- 
intendent. 

In  1862  be  removed  bis  family  to  Seattle,  in 
order  to  improve  tbe  educational  advantages  of 
his  children.  At  that  time  he  purchased  four 
lots  on  Fourth  street,  between  Marion  and  Co- 
lumbia, and  subsequently  added  two  more  lots, 
at  an  average  price  of  $100  each.  His  was  the 
first  house  erected  on  Fourth  street.  After 
thus  providing  a  home  for  his  family,  he  re- 
turned to  mill  work  in  various  localities,  at 
which  he  continued  until  1878,  when  be  retired 
from  active  labor  and  permanently  settled  in 
Seattle  and  began  improving  his  property, 
which  is  now  well  covered  with  substantial 
houses  for  tenants.  In  1880  he  bought  ten 
acres  of  land  at  Edge  water,  in  Lake  LTnion  ad- 
dition, which  lie  subdivided  and  sold  for  resi- 
dence purposes,  except  four  lots  on  the  corner 
of  Richard  and  Henry  streets,  upon  which,  in 
tiie  summer  of  1890,  he  erected  an  elegant  and 
spacious  residence,  overlooking  tbe  beautiful 
lake,  whej-e  he  now  resides  in  the  full  enjoy- 
ment of  tlie  fruits  of  bis  labors,  accompanied 
by  liis  dear  wife,  the  companion  of  his  pioneer 
struggles.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
Burnett  and  wife,  one  of  wliom  survives, — 
Charles  II., — who  is  superintendent  of  the 
South  Prairie  Coal  Company  at  Burnett,  Pierce 
county,  and  who  is  active  in  the  coal  develop- 
ment of  the  State. 

Politically,  Mr.  Burnett  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can. Wliile  at  Port  Gamble  be  served  as  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  and  for  ten  years  as  Probate 
Judge,  and  has  also  served  a  term  as  Commis- 
sioner of  King  county. 

Mr.  Burnett  is  the  recognized  father  of  Trin- 
ity Episcopal  Church,  of  Seattle,  which  was 
founded  in  1865,  and  tbe  first  cliurch  erected  in 
1869.  He  was  one  of  the  first  Vestrymen,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  and  as  Senior  Warden  up 
to  1889,  when   lie  withdrew  to  assist  in  the  or- 


,rC^^^-'l^ 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


gaiiizatiun  of  St.  Mark's  Church,  in  wliich  he 
has  continued  as  Senior  Warden.  While  in  the 
performance  of  mill  work  about  the  Sound  he 
.was  always  active  iu  Sunday-s*  hool  work,  and 
lias  done  much  pioneer  work  in  that  capacity, 
always  exerting 
morality  and  in 
institution?. 
,As  a  piii: 
in  the  eai; 
contilrv  •■ 
Th- 
W 


liis   influence  on   the  side  of 
the  upbuilding  of  Cliriatiaji 


'i .  Rurnett  stands 
:xtid   the  Sound 
:     A.  .'V.  Denny, 
.  aij   Aptifiit,   George 
tilvra.    Orange   Jacobs, 
aiany  others,  who  are   re- 
tlie   pioneers    but  as  the 
most  honored  men  of  the  State  of  Washington 
to-day. 


garded   not  only 


p. 


tii.^i. 

to  Miss  C  hrihtii: 
scent,  and    after  iu 
Canada  and  folicv,.      , 
Angus  Mackinti-oh  v. 
schools  of  Ontario,  an! 
years  began  tea«liing  sclu.i-..      ..        .:..>,^.. 
gained- admission  to  the  Huntingdon   Acail' 
in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  snd   after  one  ) 
of  study  there  resumed  his  work  of  teaching 
Ontario,    which    he  continued  for  three  v 
TheiK  ci.ii.-id.iuia  the  country  too  slow  Ix: 


.     he    went' to     Philadeip'uia 
.i.'re  he  entered    DulfV  Com 

ua-i' 

grad  uttte'  ■ 

-  ;^    .'I    business    conr.^e.    air 
-'•'I.     Soon  at'ti- 

joined  a 
'Washing- 
found  eni, 

Nouns'    men 

niPTit  of  ' 

ni 

iiiiiiNe!-  (Jistfict 
Arrived    at    hi 

'        W.Kf.'-;.     . 

I  NGUS  MAGKIJ\TOSH,oneof  tLe  ablest 

If.;. .v.  ,,r  ^ojiftle,  dates  his  birth  in 

June  23,  18§9.     His 

\rui!kiiitoeh,  was  born  in 


Tinsri.aii 
vice,  antl 

he  went    i  '    ~    j^ 

employed  tor  six  years,  necosniiig  proticient  in 
pvery  department.    Having  accumulated  a  little 


money  by  his  honest  industry,  he  invested  it  all 
in  the  lumber  business.  Soon,  however,  he  dis- 
covered that  the  affairs  of  the  business  had  been 
misrepresented  to  nim,  i.'ii  he  was  defrauded  of 
his  Imarded  savings  T',;  r...Inced  him  almost 
t  '    ■  •  ible  courage  and 

ais  ancestry,  he 
:.  tion  and  try  his 

Accordingly  he 
June  9,  1870, 
':.  janilet  of  about 

900  population.  iiio  tutil  intention  was  to 
engage  in  the  lumbering  hiisluess  here.  Dis- 
covering, however,  that  a  large  capital  was 
necessary  for  that  purpose,  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  ^^fhc-<-  n.ii.(f=.  iV>|>Hrtv  values  directed 
'  '      [Rce,  and  finding 

index  he  con- 
(Stracts  of  King 
0  Pierce,  Island 
lilt  up  quite  an 
L-    -         ,  )Ought  aud  sold 

real  estate  at  tlu^  iiim,  and    being    an    expert 
accountant    he  wae  frequently   called  upon  to 
-■(^ttle  complicated  mattc.-s,  for  which  he  received 
irge  compensation,      lo   1877,  as  his  business 
■id   incresRH   '■:>    ■'-^•"    ■  ••■ifHirf'ons    that  assist- 
as  a  partner  W. 
n  of  Mackint.ish 
ged  in  the  bank- 
with    marvelous 
out  the  abstract 
private    banking 
•hants'    National 
)00,  and   of    this 
has    since    been 
lital     stock     was 
891  to  $200,000, 
ipidly  increasing 

ertninus  of  the 
Tacoiua  in  1873, 
f  the  active  pro- 
AValla  Pvailroad 
eloping  the  New 
nklin  coal  mines, 
.cross  the  mount- 
stockholder  and 
•quently  was  one 
he  sale  to  Henry 


I     - 


associated    with 

n    organized    the 

,\:ial  Co,,  to  uianu- 


I 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


facture  lumber,  door,  sash  and  building  material, 
with  ^10,000  capital  stock.  They  purchased  a 
small  mill,  with  a  capacity  of  15,000  feet  per 
day,  on  Front  street  between  Marion  and  Madi- 
son streets.  They  borrowed  §10,000  to  improve 
the  plant  and  increase  the  capacity  to  40,000 
feet  per  day,  and  $20,000  additional  to  stock  up. 
Fifteen  months  after  starting  they  paid  back  all 
borrowed  money  and  also  began  paying  divi- 
dends, which  dividends  were  continued  at  ten 
per  cent,  a  month  up  to  the  time  of  the  great 
tire  of  June,  1889,  wiiich  destroyed  their  plant. 
In  settling  up  their  accounts  they  realized  a  net 
surplus  of  $106,000.  After  the  lire  the  prop- 
erty was  improved  for  business  purposes. 

In  1886  Mr.  Mackintosh  was  one  of  the  lead- 
ing factors  in  starting  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore 
&  Eastern  Railroad  Company,  associated  with 
D.  H.  Gilman  and  Judge  Thomas  Burke,  and 
was  a  large  stockholder  and  treasurer  of  the 
construction  company  until  the  road  was  built 
from  Seattle  to  the  national  boundary,  with  a 
branch  to  the  Snoqualmie  region,  about  280 
miles. 

In  1883  he  organized  the  Seattle  Safe  Deposit 
&  Trust  Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$100,000,  and  erected  the  ofhce  building  at 
701  Front  street,  four  stories,  with  basement 
for  the  vaults.  During  the  great  fire  of  June, 
1889,  the  building  was  destroyed  to  the 
foundation  story,  but  on  the  following  day  the 
debris  was  sufficiently  cleared  away  so  that  the 
vaults  were  opened  for  business,  and  they 
became  the  store-room  for  all  the  banks  of  the 
city  until  order  was  brought  out  of  the  exist- 
ing chaos.  They  immediately  constructed  a 
seven-story  building  for  offices  and  bank  pur- 
poses. This  was  the  first  safe  deposit  company 
organized  in  the  State.  Mr.  Mackintosh  was 
elected  its  president  and  still  holds  that  office. 
He  is  treasurer  of  the  Seattle  Trust  Company, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  ^500,000.  He  is  also  a 
stockholder  in  the  Sidney  Sewer  Pipe  &  Terra 
Cotta  Works  at  Sidney,  and  a  number  of  indus- 
trial companies  about  Seattle. 

Mr.  Mackintosh  is  a  man  of  family.  He  was 
married  in  Seattle,  in  1871,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Peebles,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  they  are 
the  parents  of  two  children,  Kenneth  and 
Gertrude,  both  being  now  students  at  the 
Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University  at  Palo  Alto, 
California. 

Socially  he  is  a  Knight  Templar,  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  was  the  first  Commander  of  the   Seattle 


Commandery,  which  position  he  filled  tiiree 
years.  He  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party, 
although  he  has  never  heen  active  in  the  politi- 
cal field,  having  given  iiis  chief  attention  to  his. 
various  business  affairs.  Mr.  Mackintosh  is 
pre-eminently  a  selfiUiade  man.  He  began  at 
the  very  foot  of  the  ladder,  has  by  honesty  and 
perseverance  advanced  step  by  step  until  he  hae 
mounted  the  topmost  round,  and  to-day  stands 
in  the  foremost  rank  of  successful  business  men 
and  developers  of  the  city  of  his  adoption. 


n(  LBERT  B.  HUNT,  chief  of  the  Fire  De- 
lij\    partment  of  Seattle,  was  born  near  Grand 
jr%  Rapids,  Michigan,  April  12,  1861,  son  of 
■f/  James  and  Phoebe  (Palmer)  Hunt.  They 

subsequently  removed  to  Petrolia,  Canada,  where 
Mr.  Hunt  engaged  in  the  distilling  of  oil  from 
crude  petroleum. 

Albert  B.  remained  with  his  parents  up  to 
his  fourteenth  year,  and  received  a  common- 
school  education.  He  then  started  out  for  self- 
support, — first  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  store  in 
Petrolia,  where  he  remained  three  years,  then 
started  for  Midland  county,  Michigan,  to  find 
occupation  in  a  lumber  camp;  but  one  season 
satisfied  his  desires  in  that  direction.  He  then 
engaged  in  farming  until  1882,  when  he  returned 
to  the  oil  fields  of  Petrolia,  and  then  found  oc- 
cupation at  a  receiving  station,  ultitnately  hav- 
ing charge  of  the  station  and  becoming  an  expert 
on  crude  petroleum.  He  followed  this  occupa- 
tion up  to  1887,  when  he  started  for  the  North- 
west territory  and  located  at  Seattle. 

Here  his  labors  began  in  running  a  stationary 
engine,  and  were  continued  up  to  October,  1889, 
when  F'ire  Company  No.  1  was  organized. 
Being  one  of  the  original  members,  and  having 
had  experience  in  volunteer  fire  companies  in 
Petrolia,  he  was  elected  Captain  of  the  company, 
which  embraced  eight  men,  with  an  engine  and 
hose  wagon.  This  organization  following  so 
clo.sely  the  great  fire,  they  were  temporarily 
stationed  in  a  large  tent  on  the  corner  of  Third 
and  University  streets,  where  headquarters  of 
the  department  were  established  until  the  com- 
pletion of  their  fine  building  on  the  cortier  of 
Seventh  and  Columbia  streets,  to  which  they 
removed  November  1,  1890.  Mr.  Hunt  con- 
tinued as  Captain  of  the  company  up  to  No- 
vember 1.  1892)  when  he  was  appointed  Chief 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  the  Fire  Department  by  the  Fire  Commis- 
sioners, and  confirmed  by  the  City  Council. 
The  department  is  now  composed  of  five  engine 
companies,  one  fire  boat,  capable  of  throwing 
fourteen  streams,  with  a  capacity  of  8,000  gal- 
lons per  minute,  two  truck  companies  in  service 
and  one  in  reserve,  three  chemical  comjjanies 
and  two  hose  companies.  The  force  consists  of 
chief,  one  assistant  chief,  one  superintendent  of 
fire  alarm,  one  supply  driver,  and  seven  paid 
uniformed  men.  There  are  sixty  fire-alarm 
boxes  in  service,  with  thirty-six  miles  of  fire- 
alarm  wire,  divided  into  three  circuits.  The 
engine  liouses  are  all  liglited  by  electric  lights 
and  heated  by  steam.  Tlie  headquarters  build- 
ing cost  $25,000,  and  is  the  most  complete  house 
in  the  Northwest.  It  is  occupied  by  one  engine 
company,  one  truck  conipany,  and  one  chemical 
company,  with  accommodations  for  the  chiefs 
huggy.  Taken  all  in  all,  the  department  in 
skill  and  efficiency  has  no  superior  upon  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Mr.  Hunt  was  married  in  Petrolia,  in  1882, 
to  Miss  Sarah  McFarlane,  a  native  of  C^anada. 
They  have  two  children:  Doran  and  John.  So- 
cially Mr.  Hunt  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  ().  F. 
and  K.  of  P. 


'-^i 


^'.^- 


GOENELiUSH.  HANFOKD,  United 
States  Judge  for  tlie  District  of  Washiiig- 
-^  ton,'  was  born  in  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa, 
April  21,  1849.  His  parents,  Edward  and  Ab- 
bie  J.  (Ilolgate)  Hanford,  were  natives  of  Ohio, 
l)ut  were  married  in  Iowa.  Their  ancestors 
were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Connecticut. 
Edward  Hanford  was  an  extensive  farmer  of 
Iowa,  but  in  1853  sold  his  possessions,  pur- 
chased a  prairie  outfit,  and,  with  family  and 
fi-iends,  embarked  for  the  great  Northwest  then 
known  as  Oregon.  The  trip  was  of  the  usual 
character,  slow,  toilsome  and  fatiguing,  but,  as 
the  party  was  well  equipped,  the  journey  was 
accomplished  in  about  four  months.  Leaving 
his  family  at  Milwaukee,  Mr.  Hanford  pushed 
on  to  Seattle,  where  his  brothers,  CTCorge  and 
Seymour,  and  his  brother-in-law,  John  C.  Hol- 
gate,  were  already  located.  Having  faith  in  the 
country  and  desiring  to  be  near  his  relatives,  he 
located  his  claim,  and  l)rought  his  family  thereto 
in  the  summer  of  1854;  since  then  the  name  of 
Hanford  lias  been  synonymous  with  the  derelop- 
ITient  of  Seattle. 


C.  H.  Hanford  was  not  reared  in  the  lap  of 
luxury.  The  Indian  troubles  of  1855-'56  de- 
stroyed the  stock  and  improvements  of  his  father, 
and  the  boys,  of  whom  there  were  five,  were 
thrown  upon  their  own  resources  at  an  early 
age.  Educational  advantages  were  crude  and 
imperfect;  still,  our  subject  attended  the  village 
school  when  not  otherwise  engaged.  When  he 
was  twelve  years  of  age  the  family  moved  to 
San  Francisco,  and  there  he  secured  employ- 
ment as  office  boy.  iiii]in>\  iiig  his  evenings  by 
attending  the  niglil  >''1i(hi1.  He  also  took  a 
course  in  the  Cotmncrcial  College,  but  otherwise 
he  is  entirely  self-educated. 

In  1866  the  family  returned  to  Seattle  and 
young  Hanford  was  employed  for  two  years  in 
carrying  the  mail  to  Puyallup.  At  that  period 
the  employment  was  not  devoid  of  danger,  and 
a  brave  heart  and  good  liorse  were  necessary  to 
accomplish  the  weekly  trip.  In  this  occupation 
he  demonstrated  that  courage  which  he  evinced 
when  but  a  mere  child.  During  the  Indian 
depredations  of  1855-'56,  the  old  sub-chief 
called  Curley,  made  himself  nsel'ul  to  the  settlers 
and  also  imparted  information  as  to  the  action 
of  the  hostiles.  He  said  the  people  wovdd  all 
be  massacred  excepting  II.  L.  Yesler  and  Dr. 
Williamson,  who  could  be  useful  to  the  tribes, 
and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  whom  they  wished 
to  make  their  chief  because  of  hi.s  courage.  This 
conclusion  was  reached  by  Curley  overhearing  a 
conversation  between  the  subject  and  an  elder 
brother,  who  were  sent  upon  an  errand  through 
the  woods,  to  an  uncle  living  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Washington.  Bear  tracks  were  seen  along 
the  trail,  and  the  brother  made  a  pretence  of 
being  frightened  and  desired  to  turn  back,  but 
Mr.  Hanford  counseled  to  go  ahead,  and  just 
then  old  Curley  appeared  from  behind  a  tree, 
and,  evidently  supposing  the  play  to  be  genuine, 
picked  young  Cornelius  up  in  his  arms  and 
gazed  into  his  blue  eyes,  which  were  met  un- 
flinchingly; he  then  took  up  his  brother,  a  dark- 
eyed  lad,  and  submitted  him  to  the  same  test, 
then  turned  away  with  the  muttered  remark, 
"  Blue-eyed  boy  very  brave;  dark-eyed  boy  a 
coward." 

Completing  his  mail  contract,  our  subject 
followed  farming  np  to  1869,  then  went  to 
AValla  Walla,  and  passed  three  years  in  teach- 
ing school,  with  intervals  at  farm  labor.  He 
then  desired  to  enter  the  stock  business,  but  on 
account  of  ill  health,  returned  to  his  home  in 
Seattle  to  recuperate,  and   as  his  strength  was 


HISTORY     OP    WASHINGTON. 


slow  in  returning,  he  abandoned  the  project  and 
in  the  spring  of  1873  engaged  in  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  George  M.  McConaha,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February,  1875. 
Mr.  McConaha  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the  Third  Judicial  District,  and  having  a  large 
practice,  young  Hanford  attended  to  the  office 
work  and  received  a  practical  education.  After 
his  admission  to  the  bar  a  copartnership  was 
formed  and  continued  until  Mr.  McConaha  lost 
his  iiealth.  Mr.  Hanford  then  continued  alone 
for  a  time,  subsequently  becoming  connected 
with  Colonel  C.  H.  Larrabee,  Judge  Roger  S. 
Green,  John  H.  McGrawand  J.  F.  McNaught,all 
prominent  characters  in  tiie  history  of  Seattle. 

In  1875  Judge  Hanford  was  appointed  Uni- 
ted States  Commissioner,  and  held  that  office  to 
the  following  year,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
Territorial  Council.  Serving  one  term,  he  de- 
clined to  be  a  candidate  for  re-election,  and  gave 
his  undivided  time  to  his  profession.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  City  Attorney  of  Seattle,  and 
again  elected  in  1884-'85.  From  1881  to  1886 
he  held  the  office  of  Assistant  United  States  At- 
torney under  Hon.  John  B.  Allen,  then  United 
States  Attorney,  now  United  States  Senator 
from  Washington.  In  March,  1889,  Judge 
Hanford  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Wash- 
ington Territory  by  President  Harrison,  and 
held  that  office  until  the  admission  of  the  Ter- 
ritory to  Statehood,  when  his  office  lajised;  but 
he  was  at  once  honored  with  the  appointment  by 
the  President  to  the  office  of  United  States  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Washington.  Though  the 
State  is  young  the  work  embraces  as  vast  a  va- 
riety of  questions  as  any  court  in  the  United 
States,  and  as  the  Judge  holds  two  terms  of 
court  each  year, — at  Seattle,  Tacoma,  Spokane 
and  Walla  Walla, — with  frequent  calls  to  sit  in 
the  Court  of  Appeals  in  San  Francisco,  his  office 
is  one  of  arduous  labor,  although  to  him  one  of 
exceeding  pleasure,  as  the  natural  trend  of  his 
mind  is  logical  and  convincing,  and  the  abstruse 
points  of  law  are  quickly  conceived,  readily  un- 
derstood, and  so  clearly  and  impartially  applied 
as  to  preserve  perfect  harmony  in  the  profession, 
and  the  sympathy  and  confidence  of  the  people 
at  large. 

He  was  married  in  Olympia,  in  November, 
1875,  to  Miss  Clara  M.  Baldwin,  a  native  of  the 
Territory,  and  daughter  of  Andrew  J.  Baldwin, 
a  pioneer  of  the  early  '50s.  They  have  had 
eight  children:  Ada  L..  Elaine,  Jessie,  Edward, 
Ralph,  Annie  L.,  William  and  Harry. 


In  politics  Judge  Hanford  is  an  ardent  Re- 
publican. During  the  campaign  of  1888  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Republican  Territorial  Com- 
mittee, and  led  his  party  to  a  glorious  victory. 
During  the  Chinese  trouble  of  1885-'86  he  was 
a  leader  of  the  law-and-order  class,  and  spent 
much  of  the  winter  in  advising  with  Mayor 
Yesler  and  Sheriff  McGraw,  and  in  prosecuting 
those  leaders  who  had  committed  or  assisted  in 
overt  acts.  The  Judge  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Home  (xuards,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  civic  and  social  organization  of  Company  E, 
First  Regiment,  and  continued  as  a  member  of 
the  company  until  called  to  the  bench.  After 
the  fire  of  June,  1889,  he  was  the  first  to  pub- 
licly propose  that  the  city  should  turn  the  dis- 
aster into  a  public  benefit  by  widening  and 
straightening  some  of  the  principal  streets  of 
the  city.  Thus  by  advice,  counsel  and  material 
aid  has  Judge  Hanford  always  advanced  the  in- 
terests of  Seattle. 

— '^-m-^ — 

'OoYD  J.  TALLMAN,  one  of  the  most 
Ijj^  widely  known  of  the  young  attorneys  of 
^^^  Seattle,  was  born  near  the  town  of  La- 
trobe,  Westmoreland  county,  Petinsylvania,  Oc- 
tober 4,  1858,  being  the  third  in  a  family  of 
seven  children,  all  of  whom  are  living.  His 
father,  John  Tallman,  was  born  in  the  same 
house  which  was  erected  by  the  grandfather  of 
our  subject  early  in  the  present  century.  John 
Tallman  married  Ruth  C.  Boyd,  a  native  of 
Westmoreland  county,  where  her  ancestors  lo- 
cated at  an  early  day,  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction. 
The  Tallman  ancestors  were  from  England  and 
Gerinanj^  and  all  were  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  1862  John  Tallman  sold  the  old 
homestead  and  purchased  a  farm  near  Fort  Lig- 
onier,  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  same  name, 
where  he  still  resides.  This  farm  is  near  the 
old  homestead  of  General  Arthur  St.  Clair,  of 
Revolutionary  fame,  who  was  living  there  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  A  portion 
of  the  old  building  is  still  standing.  The  boy- 
hood career  of  our  subject  was  similar  to  that 
of  all  farmers'  sons, — working  upon  the  farm 
during  the  summe)-  and  attending  school  during 
the  winter  months.  xVfter  attending  one  term 
at  the  Ligonier  Academy  he  began  teaching 
school  in  the  same  township,  receiving  t]ieref(U- 
the    princely  sum  of  §?25  per  month.     As  he 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


boarded  and  lodged  with  his  father  be  was  ena- 
bled to  save  enough  money  to  pay  his  way  during 
the  following  sunnnerat  the  Independent  Acad- 
emy, located  in  the  same  valley.  For  three 
years  he  taught  in  winter  and  attended  the 
academy  in  summer,  and  at  the  end  of  that  pe- 
riod'had  saved  enough  money  to  enable  him  to 
take  a  partial  course  in  the  Washington  and 
Jeflerson  College,  where  were  educated  Hon. 
James  G.  Blaine,  Hon-.  Jeremiah  S.  Black,  Gen. 
James  A.  Beaver,  and  other  men  of  national 
reputation. 

Early  in  the  life  of  young  Tallman  he  resolved 
that  some  day  he  would  become  a  lawyer,  and 
after  leaving  college  he  took  the  preliminary 
step  by  beginning  to  read  law,  but  before  being 
admitted  to  the  bar  he  removed  to  the  Territory 
of  Washington,  arriving  at  Walla  Walla  May  1, 
1885.  He  then  entered  the  law  office  of  Allen, 
Thompson  &  Crowley,  but  during  the  following 
winter  taught  school  in  Walla  Walla  county,  at 
the  same  time  continuing  his  studies.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  November,  1886,  passing 
the  proper  examinations,  and  in  February,  1887, 
removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
spending  his  first  year  in  the  office  of  Messrs". 
Burke  &  Haller,  one  of  tlie  leading  law  firms  of 
the  city.  During  the  summer  of  1887  there 
were  indications  that  there  would  be  a  second 
outbreak  against  the  Chinese  in  Seattle,  a  foi-mer 
riot  having  occurred  in  1886.  h\  order  to  ren- 
der assistance  in  such  an  emergency  he  became 
a  member  of  Company  E,  First  Regiment  Na- 
tional Guards,  Washington,  and  continued  an 
active  member  for  four  years.  Upon  two  occa- 
sions during  that  period  lie  was  with  his  com- 
pany in  active  service,  once  in  suppressing  a 
labor  riot,  and  the  second  time  in  guarding  the 
burned  district  of  Seattle  for  two  weeks,  after 
the  disastrous  lire  of  June  6,  1889.  He  was 
frequently  offered  promotions  in  the  cotn])any, 
but  persistently  declined. 

In  the  spring  of  1888  he  opened  a  law  office 
and  engaged  actively  in  practice,  in  which  he 
has  met  with  substantial  success,  having  ob- 
tained a  lucrative  patronage,  besides  being  re- 
tained by  a  number  of  the  leading  business 
houses  and  corporations  of  Seattle. 

In  politics  he  has  always  been  an  ardent  Re- 
publican, and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Repub- 
lican State  Convention,  which  met  in  Walla 
Walla  in  the  fall  of  1889,  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  every  succeeding  convention.  While  being 
a  strong   partisan  he  is   not  a  politician  in  the 


sense  of  being  an  office-seeker,  and  he  lias  never 
been  a  candidate  for  political  preferment.  In 
1889,  without  having  been  consulted,  he  was 
nominated  as  a  candidate  for  the  Legislature; 
still  he  declined  to  run,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  King  county  was  Republican,  and  that 
a  nomination  was  equivalent  to  an  election. 
During  the  year  1891,  Mr.  Tallman  held  the 
appointment  as  special  Judge  fur  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  State  of  Washington,  for  King 
county,  and  acted  as  such  in  the  trial  of  a  num- 
ber of  important  causes.  By  his  fair  and  im- 
partial rulings,  just  decisions  and  courteous 
treatment  of  the  attorneys  and  others  W'ho  ap- 
peared Ijefore  him,  he  won  the  respect  and  es- 
teem of  all,  and  demonstrated  the  fact  that  he 
is  eminently  qualified  to  fill  any  judicial  position 
within  the  gift  of  the  people  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Tallman  is  a  close  student  and  zealous  in 
his  profession,  to  which  he  is  devoting  the  best 
of  his  time  and  enei-gies,  and  through  which  he 
has  already  made  a  name  and  reputation  before 
the  bar  of  Seattle. 


SALEM   WOODS,  a  successful   farmer  of 
Snohomish   county,    Washington,    and    a 
~ pioneer  of   the    Northwest,  was    born   in 

Arkwriglit,  Chautauqua  county,  New  York, 
September  15,  1831.  His  parents  were  Larkin 
and  Jerusha  A.  (Skinnei')  Woods,  both  worthy 
and  prominent  people  of  the  Empire  State,  who 
died  as  they  had  lived,  enjoying  the  esteem  of 
their  fellow  men. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  when  eleven  years 
of  age,  was  deprived  by  death  of  his  father,  and 
was  subsequently  adopted  by  Dr.  Gilman  Ken- 
dall, a  neighbor  and  worthy  man,  characterized 
by  all  the  lest  qualities  which  distinguish  the 
human  race.  Young  Salem  remained  his  foster 
father  until  the  fall  of  184:9.  In  185U,  when 
eighteen  years  of  age,  Mr.  Woods  began  boat- 
ino-  on  Lake  Erie,  in  which  business  he  was 
employed  two  seasons.  He  then  went  to  work 
on  the  Panama  Railroad,  beginning  in  June, 
1851,  and  after  a  month  was  taken  sick,  when 
he  was  forced  to  abandon  employment.  He 
returned  from  there  to  Ottawa,  Illinois,  and  for 
the  next  two  years  was  engaged  inpaititing  car- 
riages. 

At  the  end  of  this  time,  induced  by  the  gold 
excitement  in  California  to  seek  his  fortune  in 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  West,  he  started  across  the  plains  in  the 
spring  of  1854  and  reached  his  destination  in 
September  of  the  same  year,  after  many  diffi- 
culties and  hardships.  The  following  year  was 
passed  by  him  in  the  gold  mines  with  varying 
success,  after  which  he  went  to  Stockton  and 
worked  for  two  years  in  a  mill.  In  1858  he 
started  for  Fraser  river,  British  Columbia,  and 
spent  abont  another  year  in  the  gold  diggings 
of  tliat  vicinity.  At  tlie  end  of  that  time,  in 
January,  1859,  he  went  to  Steilacoom  city, 
Washington,  and  tliere  joined  a  party,  hired  by 
Philip  Keach,  of  that  town,  to  cut  a  trail  from 
that  place  to  Bellingham  Bay, and  was  engaged 
in  this  employment  for  five  months.  He  then 
loci^ted  a  claim  of  land,  on  whicii  he  resided 
until  May,  1891.  Subsequently  Mr.  Woods 
took  a  homestead  and  later  a  timber  claim 
right,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  most  extensive 
land-owners  in  Snohomish  county.  He  recently 
built  one  of  the  handsomest  residences  on  the 
upper  waters  of  the  Snohomish  river,  his  val- 
uable ranch  being  in  keeping  with  this  final 
adornment.  This  prosperity  represents  years 
of  labor  and  intelligent  management,  together 
with  wise  and  careful  economy,  and  he  justly 
deserves  his  success.  In  addition  to  this,  he 
enjoys  the  respect  of  his  fellow  citizens,  in 
consequence  of  his  uniformly  upright  business 
methods  and  general  courteous  treatment  of  all 
with  whom  lie  comes  in  contact. 

Mr.  Woods  is  a  man  of  family,  having  been 
married  shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Snohomish 
county  to  one  of  the  most  worthy  ladies  of  that 
vicinity.  Their  union  has  been  blessed  by  four 
children:  Addie,  now  married  to  Mr.  Peterson; 
Amarilla  C,  born  April  12,  1862;  Nora,  born 
December  7,  3  867;  and  Nelson  A.,  born  Jan- 
uary 28,  1872.  Washington  has  no  more 
worthy  representatives  than  the  members  of 
this  family,  who  with  Mr.  Woods  enjoys  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  all  right-minded  peo- 
ple, finding  their  happiness  and  reward  in  labor 
lionorably  performed  and  a  prevailing  sense  of 
duty  done. 


I  M.  HART,  the  efficient  and  popular  gen- 
1^  jl  eral  manager  of  the  Puget  Mill  Company's 
^^  store  at  Utsaladdy,  on  Camano  island, 
Washington,  and  a  gentleman  of  long  residence 
in  the  State,  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  June 
19,   1866.     His  parents,    F.   J.   and    Eliza  R. 


(Wilson)  Hart,  resided  until  1876  on  a  farm  in 
the  Buckeye  State,  where  his  father  was  a  tiller 
of  the  soil.  In  the  year  mentioned  the  family 
joined  the  westward  tide  of  emigration,  coming 
to  Port  Discovery,  Washington,  where  the 
father  worked  for  three  years  in  the  mills.  He 
then  removed  to  Port  Angeles,  in  Clallam 
county,  near  which  town  he  bought  a  farm,  on 
which  he  now  resides,  principally  engaged  in 
stock-raising,  in  which  he  is  very  successful. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  resided  with  his 
parents  until  he  attained  his  majority,  attend- 
ing school  and  learning  telegraphy.  In  1887 
he  came  to  Utsaladdy,  on  Camano  island,  and 
took  charge  of  the  telegraph  department  in  the 
Puget  Mill  Company's  office,  at  the  same  time 
acting  as  clerk  in  the  store.  It  is  a  sufficient 
testimonial  to  his  ability  and  worth  that  he  was 
shortly  afterward  promoted  to  the  position  of 
general  manager  of  this  large  establishment 
while  still  acting  as  telegraph  operator.  In 
these  capacities  he  is  still  employed.  The 
Puget  Mill  Company  are  agents  for  steam  tugs 
which  ply  between  the  ocean  and  sound,  manu- 
facture lumber,  timber  and  spars,  and  deal  ex- 
tensively in  general  merchandise.  The  com- 
pany have  large  and  diversified  interests,  hav- 
ing agents  in  San  Francisco,  besides  mills  at 
Port  Gamble,  Port  Ludlow  and  Utsaladdy.  A 
very  large  amount  of  business  is  conducted,  the 
enterprise  being  one  of  the  leading  industries  of 
ths  country.  By  intelligence,  industry  and 
correct  principles  Mr.  Hart  has  attained  an 
enviable  reputation  in  his  community,  and 
although  young  in  years  is  a  man  of  rare  busi- 
ness ability  and  experience  and  an  excellent 
manager.  His  popularity  in  business  is  but  an 
index  of  that  which  he  enjoys  in  the  community 
at  large,  as  is  attested  by  his  appointment,  in 
1891,  to  the  responsible  office  of  County  Com- 
missioner, to  which  he  was  elected  to  succeed 
himself  in  1892.  That  this  confidence  is  well 
placed  is  attested  by  his  long  business  career, 
extending  over  a  period  of  nearly  ten  years, 
durincr  which  his  actions  have  never  been  sub- 
ject to  question,  much  less  to  derogatory  com- 
ment. That  this  can  be  said  of  few  men  is  the 
more  reason  why  credit  should  be  bestowed  on 
whom  it  is  due,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  note  that 
his  fellow  citizens  are  of  the  same  opinion. 

February  28,  1891,  JVlr.  Hart  was  married  to 
Nettie  M.  Moore,  born  in  Machias,  Maine,  May 
5,  1866,  of  an  old  and  prominent  family.  Her 
parents,  J.   E.   and  Ellen    (Campbell)    Moore, 


SlSTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


were  born  in  1820  and  1833,  respectively,  and 
tlie  former  died  in  1889,  the  mother  still  sur- 
viving, in  tJie  enjoyment  of  universal  respect 
and  esteem.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hart  have  one  son, 
Harrison  J.  Hart. 

As  in  bnsiness,  Mr.  Hart  is  socially  a  favor- 
ite, his  genial  demeanor,  liberality  of  sentiment 
and  generous  disposition  combined  to  enlist  the 
regard  of  thoso  whom  his  more  hardy  qualities 
have  attracted. 


JOHN  GOULD,  a  well-known  and  re- 
spected resident  of  Oak  Harbor,  Island 
county,  Washington,  and  a  pioneer  of  the 
Northwest,  was  born  at  PhilUpsburg,  Warren 
county.  New  Jersey,  April  2i,  1823.  His 
father,    John  A.    Gould,    was   born    at     Phila- 


del 


phia,   February  28,  1797.     April  26,  1820, 


ited 


marriacre   to   Eliza  Phi 


he  was 

who  was  born  at  Phillipsburg,  New  Jersey, 
February  4,  1798.  Her  father  was  the  founder 
of  the  town  of  Phillipsburg,  where  he  and  his 
family  resided  for  many  years.  John  A.  Gould 
died  at  Phillipsburg,  June  11,  1834,  aged 
thirty-seven  years,  three  months  and  fourteen 
days.  His  widow  survived  until  July  5,  1874, 
when  she  passed  away  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania, 
aged  seventy-six  years  six  months  and  one  day. 
Thus,  at  the  early  age  of  nine  yeara,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  deprived,  by  death,  of 
his  father,  and  his  boyhood  days  were  passed  in 
a  far  different  and  less  auspicious  way  than 
they  would  have  been  had  his  father  been 
spared  to  him.  After  the  death  of  his  father, 
our  subject  went  to  live  with  neighbors,  doing 
such  work  as  he  could,  in  return  for  his  board 
and  clothing.  During  boyhood  he  drove  mules 
on  a  canal  in  New  Jersey  for  about  one  year, 
and,  as  he  grew  older,  lie  earned  money  to  sup- 
port his  mother  and  his  younger  brothers  and 
sisters.  When  fourteen  years  of  age  he  se- 
cured employment  in  a  large  nail  factory  and 
rolling-mill,  where  he  did  for  three  years  the 
work  of  a  man.  He  walked  three  miles,  morning 
and  evening,  to  and  from  his  work,  and  labored 
twelve  hours  a  day.  The  foundry  and  mills 
were  in  South  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  and  he 
n^ade  his  home  in  New  Jersey,  and  he  was 
obliged  to  cross  both  the  Delaware  and  Lehigh 
rivers.  After  three  years  in  the  rolling-mills 
he   severed   his   connection    there    and   appren- 


ticed himself  to  a  millwright,  which  latter 
occupation  he  followed  during  his  residence  in 
New  Jersey,  or  until  he  was  twenty-seven 
years  of  age. 

At  the  end  of  that  time,  having  heard  of  the 
gold  excitement  in  California,  he  decided  to 
try  his  fortunes  in  the  far  West,  and  accord- 
ingly, on  May  13,  1850,  he  took  passage  from 
New  York  on  the  steamer  Georgia,  which  had 
1,100  steerage  and  200  cabin  passengers,  all, 
like  himself,  bound  for  the  new  El  Dorado.  So 
great  was  the  rush  that  he  was  detained  two 
weeks  in  New  York  city  before  he  could  get  a 
steamer,  and  was  even  then  obliged  to  buy  a 
ticket  from  another  man,  giving  the  latter  $70 
to  remain  in  New  York  and  permit  Mr.  Gould 
to  go  in  his  place.  On  arriving  at  the  isthmus, 
Mr.  Gould  came  up  the  Chagres  river  as  far  as 
possible,  and  thence  walked  to  Panama.  Here 
he  was  again  obliged  to  wait  two  weeks  before 
getting  a  boat,  at  last  securing  passage  on  the 
bai-k  Circassian,  and  as  a  memento  of  his  voy- 
age he  now  holds  a  receipt  for  hospital  fees 
which  he  paid  on  board  the  vessel,  which  is 
dated  on  the  bark  Circassian,  and  reads:  "  Ke- 
ceived  |2,  hospital  fees  of  John  Gould.  First 
Mate,  W.  Wilkinson,  San  Francisco,  August  5, 
1850." 

After  arriving  in  San  Francisco,  Mi-.  Gould 
follow^ed  milling  and  prospecting  for  two  years. 
He  then,  in  1852,  bought,  in  company  with 
several  others,  the  brig  Eagle,  which  they  fitted 
out  for  the  gold  fields,  and  set  sail  for  Queen 
Charlotte's  island  via  I'nget  Sound.  Arriving 
at  Portland,  Oregon,  Mr.  Gould  hired  a  man 
to  take  his  place  on  the  boat  while  the  former 
remained  ashore  during  the  ship's  absence.  In 
the  meantime  Mr.  Gould  proceeded  on  the 
Columbia  river  to  Cowlitz,  and  thence  overland 
to  Olympia.  Washington,  whence  he  afterward 
went  to  Wliidby  anil  Caniano  islands.  In  1853 
Mr.  Gould  built  a  sawinill  at  Tulnlip  Indian 
reservation,  in  Siiohouiisli  county,  Washington, 
where  he  also  acted  as  carpenter  one  year  dur- 
ing his  stay  there.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
took  a  claim  of  160  acres,  and  in  1855,  when 
the  United  States  Government  made  a  treaty 
with  the  Indians,  his  mill  was  closed  and  his 
land  reverted  to  the  reservation.  He  waited 
four  years  for  the  treaty  to  be  ratified  by  Con- 
gress, when  he  was  paid  for  his  property  in 
deficient  currency.  He  then  left  all  his  inter- 
ests there,  where  the  old  mill  still  stands,  and 
secured  work  as  ship  carpenter.     In    1858  he 


HISTORY    OP    WASUINOfON. 


went  to  the  Fraser  river  mines,  remaining  there 
one  season,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  re- 
turned and  again  engaged  in  carpentry.  The 
last  contracting  and  building  he  did  was  the 
erection  of  the  Freeport  mill  in  West  Seattle, 
Wasiiington.  He.  then  bought  a  merchandise 
store  on  the  Tulalip  reservation,  which  he  con- 
ducted two  years,  when  he  sold  it  and  removed 
to  the  Stillaguamish  river,  where  he  opened 
another  store  of  general  merchandise,  wliich  he 
also  conducted  two  years. 

In  1868  he  came  to  Whidby  island  and 
bonght  one-half  of  the  Ebey  donation  claim  ot 
640  acres,  on  which  he  engaged  in  farming, 
which  occupation  he  followed  successfully  for 
several  years.  He  then  leased  his  farm  and 
bought  320  aci-es  more  near  Crescent  Harbor, 
besides  which  he  entered  forty  acres  adjoining 
the  latter  tract,  all  of  which  he  now  has  under 
good  cultivation;  but  it  is  rented,  as  he  does 
no  farming  himself,  haviug  retired  from  active 
pursuits.  In  addition  to  the  land  mentioned 
he  also  owns  a  large  farm  on  the  Evey  landing. 
All  his  farms  are  rented. 

Although  not  a  politician  in  the  strict  sense 
of  the  word,  Mr.  Gould  has  enjoyed  some 
prominence  in  public  affairs,  and  has  served  his 
couuty  efficiently  as  Commissioner  and  Treas- 
urer, gaining  in  tiie  various  walks  of  life  the 
universal  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 


GL.  FORD,  who  is  well  known  in  com- 
mercial circles  throughout  Columbia  coun- 
~~^'  ty  as  the  leading  merchant  of  Covello, 
was  born  near  Fayetteville,  "Washington  county, 
Arkansas,  July  26,  1865.  Young  Ford  grew 
to  maturity  in  his  native  county,  and  there  be- 
came familiar  with  agricultural  j^nrsnits.  Dur- 
ing three  summer  vacations  he  was  employed 
in  a  flouring  mill,  but  retained  a  taste  for 
farming. 

In  the  spring  of  1884  he  came  to  Columbia 
county,  Washington,  and  entered  the  employ  of 
W.  A.  JVIuncy  to  do  farm  work.  This  occupa- 
tion he  followed  live  years,  and  at  the  end  of 
this  time  purchased  a  tract  of  160  acres  near 
Covello.  This  he  cultivated  for  two  years,  and 
then  sold  out  and  came  to  Covello,  where  he 
bought  the  stock  and  good  will  of  the  business 
started  by  J.  W.  Stevens,  now  a  resident  of 
Dayton,  Washington.  J.  T.  Turner  purchased 
a  half  interest  in  this   business,  and    afterward 


became  sole  proprietor,  selling  out  to  Mr.  Ford. 
He  carries  a  genera!  stock  of  goods,  and  has 
built  up  a  large  business,  drawing  his  patron- 
age from  a  territory  within  a  radius  of  twenty 
miles.  He  possesses  excellent  qualifications  for 
conducting  the  business,  and  has  a  wide  circle 
of  personal  friends  among  his  patrons. 

He  was  married  in  Columbia  county,  Jan- 
uary 20,  1892,  to  Miss  Lottie  Childers,  a  native 
of  Colorado.  Of  this  union  one  child  has  been 
born,  a  daughter  named  Edith.  Mr.  Ford  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  lodge  of 
Dayton.  Politically,  he  adheres  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Republican  party. 


rP.  MILLER,  a  prosperous  farmer  of  Oak 
Harbor,  Island  county,  Washington,  was 
^  born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut,  February 
14,  1844.  His  father,  K.  Miller,  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  where  he  was  born  in  the  year 
1805.  In  1830,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Esther  Pierce,  who  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
in  1806.  The  father  was  engaged  in  farming 
and  in  working  at  his  trade,  that  of  carpentry, 
until  1853,  when  he  determined  to  leave  his 
eastern  home  and  seek  his  fortune  in  the  AVest, 
the  land  of  promise.  Accordingly,  in  company 
with  his  family,  consisting  of  his  wife  and  his 
four  children,  C.  H.,  Nancy,  A.  J.,  and  F.  P., 
he  set  sail  from  New  York  for  San  Francisco. 
The  voyage  was  made  via  Cape  Horn  and  was 
six  months  and  ten  days  in  duration.  Arriving 
in  San  Francisco,  the  family  were  compelled  to 
remain  there  for  about  one  mouth,  waiting  for 
transportation  on  a  boat  bound  for  Puget 
Sound.  They  finally  took  passage  on  a  sailing 
vessel,  whose  destination  was  Whidby  island. 
In  1554,  they  landed  on  the  spot  where  Oak 
Harbor  is  now  situated,  and  in  the  following 
spring  the  father  and  mother  took  up  a  donation 
claim  of  311  acres,  near  Crescent  Harbor,  and 
subsequently  the  father  purchased  another  farm 
on  Dugualia  bay.  He  resided  on  Whidby 
island  until  his  death,  and  the  mother  also  died 
there. 

F.  P.  Miller  remained  with  his  parents  until 
their  death,  and  he  now  owns  and  occupies  the 
old  homestead,  upon  wliich  he  has  always  re- 
sided, with  the  exception  of  a  period  of  five 
years,  which  he  passed  on  a  farm  in  Stanwood, 
Snohomish  county,  having,  in  the  meanwhile, 
leased  the  home  farm. 


HISTORY    OF'    WASHINGTON. 


August  9,  1886,  Mr.  Miller  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Inga  Fottland,  who  was  born  at  St. 
Tanl,  Minnesota,  in  1872,  being  of  Swedish  ex- 
traction. Her  parents  finally  removed  to  Wash- 
ington, whither  she  accompanied  them. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  have  two  children: 
Christina,  Gertrnde  and  LaFayette  W.  Mr. 
Miller  is  a  member  of  the  Grange  and  also  of 
the  Farmers'  Alliance. 


W)lLLIAM  JAMES,  a  prosperous  farmer 
and  esteemed  citizen  of  Whidby  island, 
— .  —  Wasliington,  residing  near  Oak  Habor, 
was  born  in  Somersetshire,  England,  February 
12,  1844.  His  parents,  William  and  E]izal)eth 
(Bowden)  James,  were  also  natives  of  the  "tight 
little  isle,"  the  former  born  in  1813,  and  the 
latter  in  1815.  William  James,  Sr.,  was  a 
cooper  by  ti'ade,  which  occupation  lie  followed 
uninterruptedly  in  England,  being  esteemed  a 
good  workman  and  honorable  citizen. 

When  quite  young,  William  James,  Jr.,  of 
this  notice,  was  taught  the  cooper  trade  by  his 
father,  which  vocation,  together  with  farming, 
young  James  foUoweil  in  England  until  No- 
vember, 1808.  He  then  left  home  and  friends 
and  embarked  at  Plymouth,  England,  for  Vic- 
toria, British  Columbia,  making  the  voyage 
alone.  He  is  at  present  the  only  one  of  his 
family  in  America  and  has  no  relatives  in  this 
country.  He  came  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
arriving  in  Victoria,  in  January,  1869.  He 
tiience  proceeded  to  Whidby  island,  where  he 
arrived  July  12,  the  same  year,  and  there  rented 
a  farm  and  foi'  several  years  lived  on  various 
places  on  the  island.  He  eventually  engaged 
in  grain  and  stock  raising,  in  both  of  which 
lines  he  was  very  successful,  and  in  course  of 
time  he  bought  100  acres  of  choice  land, 
situated  iive  miles  from  Oak  Harl)or.  Ninety 
acresof  this  farm  are  now  under  good  cultivation, 
and  on  the  place  he  has  a  large,  comfort;ible  resi- 
dence and  substantial  barns,  with  other  valuable 
improvements.  He  is  essentially  a  self-made 
man,  and  justly  deserves  the  success  he  enjoys, 
which  is  attributable  to  unflagging  industry  and 
intelligent  management,  combined  with  integ- 
rity in  his  dealings  with  his  fellow  men. 

Marcli  10,  1871,  Mr.  James  was  married  to 
Florence  Sweetman,  a  native  of  London,  Eng- 
land, where  she  was  born  April  10,  1855.     She 


accoinpanied  her  parents,  Benjamin  and  Sarah 
Sweetman,  to  America,  and  with  them  settled 
on  Whidby  island.  They  are  now  residing  in 
Spokane,  Washington.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James 
have  nine  children  living:  Fred,  Mrs.  N"ellie 
Sinith,  Ada,  Hattie,  Grace,  William,  Sadie, 
Walter  and  Ethel,  all  of  whom  are  typical  young 
citizens  of  Washington,  full  of  energy  and  en- 
terprise. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  James  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  belonging  to  Lodge  18,  of  Coupe- 
ville.  He  is  progressive  and  public-spirited, 
taking  a  deep  interest  in  everything  pertaining 
to  the  advancement  of  the  community  tif  which 
he  is  a  worthy  resident. 


l-^i^'* 


^•^^^ 


ri'i  L).  BLOWERS  is  one  of  the  most  prom- 
i/l\  inent  men  of  Whidljy  island  and  is 
l/~A\  closely  ideiititied  with  many  of  her  most 
■fj  impoi-taiit  oiiterpi-ises.     He  is  President 

of  the  Island  ("onnty  liunk,  owns  a  half  interest 
in  the  large  mercantile  establishment  of  Blow- 
ers &  Kineth,  is  business  manager  and  half 
owner  of  the  Island  County  Times,  is  manager 
and  chief  stock-nolder  of  the  Glenwood  Im- 
provement Company,  owns  one-half  interest  in 
the  town  of  linioklyn  on  the  west  side  of 
Whidb\'  island,  iiinl  dwiis  some  of  the  best  lots 
in  Whatcom  and  Spokane.  He  has  platted  and 
laid  off  two  additions  to  the  city  of  Post  Falls, 
Idaho.  To  liim  is  due  part  of  the  credit  for  the 
erection  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
Coupeville.  He  is  a  member  of  Whidby  Island 
Lodge,  No.  15,  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  LodgeNo.  18, 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  Lodge  No.  107,  I.  O.  G.  T. 

Mr.  Blowers  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, born  April  26,  1851,  a  son  of  Geoi-ge 
W.  and  Lydia  E.  (Marryott)  Blowers.  When 
he  was  a  lad  of  thirteen  years  he  went  to  New 
York  city  and  secured  a  position  in  a  mercan- 
tile establishment;  a  few  years  later  he  was 
manager! if  a  heading  grocery  store  in  that  city, 
and  conducted  a  successful  business. 

He  was  married  April  26,  1871,  to  Mary  E. 
Jenkins,  who  was  born,  reared  and  educated  in 
New  York  city.  The  date  of  her  birtii  was 
April  30,  1852.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blowers  became 
the  parents  of  four  children:  Rignold  E.,  Ada 
M.,  Edith  L.  and  Eva.  The  little  son  was 
drowned  off  the  wharf  at  his  father's  stoi'e,  and 
Eva  died  of  a  fever. 


UlSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Blowers  left  New  York  citj  in  October, 
1871,  and  came  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence 
to  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  and  afterward  to 
Whidby  island.  After  his  arrival  in  the  latter 
place  he  secured  employment  as  manager  in 
the  dry  goods  store  of  I).  Tearson,  at  Coupe- 
ville,  and  at  the  end  of  eight  years  became 
partner  in  the  business,  the  firm  name  being 
Bearson  &  Blowers.  At  the  end  of  the  first 
year  he  with  A.  R.  Kineth  bought  out  the  in- 
terest of  John  Robertson  and  have  since  con- 
ducted a  successful  business.  The  firm  is  now 
Blowers  &  Kineth,  and  theirs  is  one  of  the  most 
important  and  extensive  establishments  in 
Island  county;  their  stock  is  valued  at  $15,0Q0, 
and  exhibits  a  choice  selection  of  all  lines  rep- 
resented in  the  various  departments.' 

Since  his  residence  here  Mr.  Blowers  has 
served  two  terms  as  Probate  Judge  of  Island 
county,  has  served  as  County  Treasurer  two 
terms,  and  has  been  the  incumbent  as  Post- 
master and  held  other  local  offices  of  minor  im- 
portance, lie  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  edu- 
cational facilities  afforded  the  youth  of  Island 
county,  and  no  man  on  Whidby  island  has  done 
more  to  advance  the  welfare  of  tlie  community 
tiian  he. 

— ^€@:®»-^¥ — 

E)    C.   HANNAH,  a  retired  farmer,  stock- 
J^   man  and  fruit-grower  of  Island  county, 
^    Washington,   i-esiding    in    Oak   Harbor, 

was  born  in  Randolph  county,  Missouri,  March 
4,  1831.  His  parents,  Benjamin  and  Delia 
(Hornbock)  Hannah,  were  born  June  15,  1794,- 
and  May  19,  1796,  respectively,  and  were 
married  April  28,  1818.  Shortly  after  the 
birth  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  his  parents 
removed  from  Randolph  county,  Missouri,  to 
Ray  county,  the  same  State,  where  they  resided 
on  a  farm  the  remainder  of  their  lives,  the 
father  dying  in  1845  and  the  devoted  mother 
expiring  in  1859,  both  being  followed  by  the 
universal  regret  of  the  community,  which  knew 
and  appreciated  their  many  estimable  qualities. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm  and  attended  the  schools  in  his 
vicinity,  where  he  laid  the  foundation  of  a  good 
practical  education.  Hearing  of  the  gold  ex- 
citement in  California,  he  started  in  1850  for 
this  new  El  Dorado,  making  the  journey  in  the 
usual  manner  of  the  day,  by  ox  team  across  the 
long  and  weary  stretch  of  plain.     He  was  four 


and  a  half  months  on  the  way,  finally  arriving 
in  Ilangtown,  or  Placerville,  California.  He 
was  here  engaged  in  mining  and  farming  for 
eight  years,  when,  during  the  Fraser  river  gold 
excitement,  he  left  California  for  the  mines 
in  Britisi)  Columbia.  He,  however,  proceeded 
only  as  far  as  Whatcom,  AVashington,  where  he 
remained  a  few  months,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  he  went  to  Whidby  island,  where  he  ar- 
rived August  1,  1858.  He  secured  employ- 
ment in  logging,  which  occupation  he  followed 
two  years,  when  he  began  to  farm  on  rented 
land,  in  the  mean  time  consummating  a  marri- 
age. He  continued  to  rent  land  for  several 
years,  when  he  took  a  homestead  of  160  acres 
near  Crescent  Harbor,  where  he  now  has  a  fine 
fruit  farm,  and  where  he  is  extensively  engaged 
in  stock-raising  besides  general  farming.  His 
prosperity  is  the  direct  result  of  untiring  indus- 
try and  continued  perseverance,  and  he  is  now 
justly  numbered  among  the  most  substantial 
farmei's  of  his  community. 

April  5,  1869,  Mr.  Hannah  was  married  to 
Amanda  J.  Doss,  a  worthy  lady,  who  is  a  native 
of  Virginia,  born  December  8,  1835,  and 
daughter  of  William  and  Jane  (Mullen)  Doss. 
She  resided  in  Virginia  until  1868,  when  she 
came  to  Whidby  island  and  soon  afterward 
married  Mr.  Hannah.  They  have  five  children: 
Mrs.  Hannah  F.  Wallslnirg,  now  residing  in 
Santa  Clara  valley,  California;  John  W.,  George 
B.,  Chase  and  Edgar  P.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hannah 
have  improved  their  leisure  and  prosperity  by 
traveling  extensively  throughout  California  and 
the  United  States,  and  to  their  natural  culture 
and  refinement  have  added  that  polish  which 
comes  from  contact  with  the  world  in  its  vari- 
ous phases  of  life. 


--^^^^-^W^ 


THOMAS  NESBIT,  an  old  settler  of 
Whidby  island,  Washington,  whose  farm 
near  Oak  Harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  county,  was  born  in  Scotland,  De- 
cember 9,  1851.  His  parents,  James  and 
Jeannette  (Archibald)  Nesbit,  were  also  natives 
of  the  bonny  land  of  the  thistle,  the  former  born 
in  1821  and  the  latter  in  1824. 

James  Nesbit,  well  remembered  by  the  pion- 
eers of  Washington,  was  a  miner  in  his  native 
country  across  the  sea.  in  which   occupation  he 


HltiTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  exclusively  employed  until  1853,  when,  in 
response  to  a  requisition  sent  to  Scotland  by 
the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  of  Victoria,  British 
Columbia,  lie  and  his  family,  with  800  other 
miners  and  their  families,  started  from  the  Old 
World  to  Victoria,  via  Cape  Horn.  After  being 
at  sea  for  several  months,  provisions  became 
scarce,  trouble  and  mntiny  arose,  and  the  ship 
was  obliged  to  put  in  to  Valparaiso,  Chili,  on 
the  South  American  coast.  After  recourse  to 
law,  it  was  finally  decided  that  the  crew  should 
have  the  privilege  of  either  going  on  to  Vic- 
toria or  remaining  in  South  America;  and  as 
Mr.  James  Nesbit  had  secured  work  at  the 
small  town  of  Lota,  near  Valparaiso,  he  and  his 
family  remained  there  three  years,  during  which 
time  he  worked  in  the  mines.  They  then  re- 
moved to  Valparaiso  and  from  there  set  sail  for 
Puget  Sound,  arriving  in  due  time  at  Fort 
Townsend,  where  they  remained  two  months. 
They  then,  in  1857,  came  to  Whidby  island, 
where  Mr.  Nesbit  rented  a  farm  of  i)r.  Kel- 
logg, which  he  engaged  in  working,  cultivating 
it  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  removed 
to  a  farm  near  Oak  Harbor.  In  1859  he  settled 
on  a  claim  of  his  own,  containing  160  acres, 
and  situated  near  Crescent  Harbor.  This  he 
cleared  and  assiduously  cultivated,  until  in  a  few 
years  he  iiad  an  excellent  farm.  To  this  he 
subsequently  added,  until  it  now  comprises  435 
acres  of  the  choicest  land  in  the  county,  100 
acres  being  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 
James  Nesbit,  after  his  stormy  and  laborious 
life,  found  rest  and  prosperity  in  his  western 
home,  where  be  and  his  worthy  wife  passed  the 
remainder  of  their  days,  she  dying  April  3, 
1887,  and  he  surviving  until  January  21,  1891, 
both  being  sincerely  mourned  by  all  who  knew 
them.  They  were  the  parents  of  two  daughters 
and  one  son.  One  daughter,  Mrs.  Jane  Vos- 
burg,  and  Thomas  Nesbit,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  now  survive. 

Thomrs  bought  bis  sister's  interest  in  the 
homestead,  subsequent  to  his  parents'  death, 
and  he  now  has  the  entire  farm  of  435  acres  of 
the  best  land  in  the  country,  100  acres  of  which 
is  under  cultivation,  being  largely  grown  to 
grain,  besides  which  he  is  extensively  engaged 
in  the  stock  business  and  has  an  excellent  dairy, 
from  all  of  which  he  realizes  a  good  profit. 
Ever  since  his  arrival  in  Washington,  Mr.  Nes- 
bit has  resided  on  Whidby  island,  to  which  he 
is  irrevocably  attached  by  every  tie  of  as- 
sociation. 


January  31,  1889,  Mr.  Nesbit  was  married 
to  Asenath  Martin,  an  estimable  lady,  who  was 
born  in  Missouri,  February  17,  1870.  She 
resided  in  the  State  of  Illinois  until  three 
months  prior  to  her  marrige,  when  she  came  to 
Whidby  island,  Washington.  Both  enjoy  the 
highest  esteem  of  their  community,  where  Mr. 
Nesbit  lias  every  prospect  of  continued  prosper- 
ity and  happiness. 


THOMAS  CEANNEY,  a  prominent  citi- 
zen of  Island  county,  Washington,  was 
born  in  New  Brunswick,  June  11,  1830, 
a  sou  of  Martin  and  Ann  (Waddleton) 
Cranney.  His  father  was  the  proprietor  of  a 
large  mercantile  establishment  and  was  also  In- 
spector of  Customs  for  the  Government.  Thomas 
assisted  his  lather  in  both  commercial  and  offi- 
cial duties,  thu  two  working  together  until 
1850.  ^Martin  ( 'r:inney  tlieu  resolved  to  seethe 
West,  and  cari-yin::  tlii>  icsnliitinn  into  effect  he 
and  his  son  started  fir  California,  leaving  the 
other  members  of  the  family  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. They  made  the  trip  via  Cape  Horn,  and, 
arriving  in  the  Golden  State,  at  once  began 
work  in  the  mines.  This  occupation  did  not 
prove  agreeable  to  the  father,  and  he  soon  be- 
came ill, and  concluded  to  return  to  New  Bruns- 
wick. Thomas  Cranney  continued  his  search 
for  gold  until  1853,  when  lie  left  California  and 
came  northward  to  Paget  Sound.  In  1854  he 
located  on  Whidby  island  at  Coveland,  and 
opened  a  general  stock  of  merchandise,  and  also 
did  a  small  lumber  business.  In  1858  he  went 
to  Utsaladdy,  Washington,  and  there  built  the 
first  mill  ci-eetcd  on  Camano  island.  He  also 
embarked  extensively  in  the  fishery  business, 
and  the  iVilluw  in:;-  year  disposed  of  his  interests 
in  Coveland.  He  now  devotes  his  entire  time 
and  attention  to  the  fishery  and  lumbering  in- 
dustries, carrying  on  the  business  with  a  part- 
ner until  1869;  he  was  then  alone  until  1876, 
and  for  three  years  subsequent  to  that  date  was 
variously  occupied.  In  1879  he  removed  to 
Coupeville,  AVhidby  island,  where  he  lias  since 
resided. 

Mr.  Cranney  has  been  prominently  connected 
with  the  political  history  of  the  country,  and  has 
discharged  his  duties  as  a  pulilic  officer  with 
a  marked  excrntivf  ability  and  |iiuni|ititudf  that 
have  won  the  fiitirc  rMiiti'dciicc  ot'  lii^  .•.m-titu- 
ency.      He    has   hfld    Wxv    ntli.'e  nt    l',.stma-ter, 


U I  STOUT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Justice  of  the  Peace,  County  Coinmissiouer, 
Auditor,  Clerk  of  tlie  Court,  and  in  1871  was  a 
member  of  the  upper  house  of  the  Legislature, 
Joint  Representative  from  Snohomish  and  Island 
counties.  In  1880  and  1890  he  was  Census 
Enumerator  for  the  United  States  Census  De- 
partment. 

He  is  a  member  of  Stanwood  Lodge  No.  19, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  I'ast  Deputy  Grand 
Master  of  this  jurisdiction. 

Mr.  Cranney  was  married  December  25,  1859, 
to  Sarah  E.  Conpe,  a  native  of  New  York,  horn 
April  aO,  1841.  Her  father.  Captain  T.  Coupe, 
was  the  founder  of  Coupeville,  having  taken  the 
site  as  a  donation  claim  in  an  early  day.  The 
Captain  was  born  in  1818,  and  died  in  1870;  he 
married  Maria  White,  who  was  born  in  1816, 
and  died  in  1889.  They  were  married  at  Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts,  in  1840.-  From  early  youth 
the  Captain  followed  tlie  sea,  and  for  many 
years  was  Captain  of  a  vessel.  In  1849  he  came 
with  his  family  to  the  Pacific  coast,  making  the 
voyage  via  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  For  several 
years  he  owned  and  operated  a  vessel  between 
San  Francisco  and  the  Sound.  He  served  as 
pilot  on  the  revenue  cutter,  Jeff.  Davis,  which 
was  afterward  owned  by  Thomas  Cranney,  who 
loaded  it  with  piles  and  lumbei'  and  sent  it  to 
China,  where  it  was  sold.  Captain  Coupe  built 
the  first  frame  house  erected  on  Whidby  island. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cranney  are  the  pai'ents  of  a 
family  of  seven  living  children:  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Clapp,  Mrs.  AlindaT.  Empy,  Mrs.  Ida  M.  New- 
berry, Flora  E.,  Leila  E.,  Sena  Loleta  and  M.  F. 

EJ.  HANCOCK,  ex-vice-president  of  the 
Island  County  Bank  of  Coupeville,  "Wash- 
1  ington,  was  born   November  4,  1854,  in 

Lynchburg,  Virginia.  His  father,  A.  C  Han- 
cock, was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  in 
1815,  and  died  there  in  1888.  His  wife,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  C.  Hewitt,  was  also 
a  Virginian,  born  in  1825,  and  is  yet  living. 
A.  G.  Hancock  was  a  manufacturer  of  all  kinds 
of  tobacco  and  was  the  owner  of  large  planta- 
tions. His  son,  E.  J.,  was  a  member  of  the 
household  until  lie  was  twenty-two  years  of  age. 
He  received  a  good  education,  and  assisted  in 
the  management  of  the  factory.  After  1876  he 
was  engaged  in  planting  until  1879,  when  he 
emigrated   to  the  west,  coming  to  Washington 


and  locating  on  Whidby  island,  where  he  fol- 
lowed agricultural  pursuits  for  two  years,  then 
returned  to  his  old  Virginia  home  and  until 
1883  resided  there.  Arranging  all  his  business 
for  a  permanent  absence  he  came  back  to  AVhidby 
island,  and  bought  the  old  donation  claim  of 
William  E.  Engle,  where  he  at  once  began  the 
task  of  clearing  out  forty-five  acres.  He  made 
many  other  improvements,  erecting  the  most 
elegant  residence  on  the  island,  the  same  being 
of  modern  style  of  architecture  and  fitted  with 
all  of  the  latest  conveniences.  He  has  a  large 
orcliard  of  choice  fruits,  and  has  continued  the 
cultivation  and  clearing  of  the  land  until  he  has 
one  of  the  most  desirable  farms  in   the  county. 

Mr.  Hancock  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  the 
organization  of  the  first  bank  established  in  the 
county.  July  14,  1892,  the  Island  County 
Bank  of  Coupeville,  Washington,  was  organ- 
ized with  a  paid  np  capital  of  |25,000.  Mr. 
Hancock  was  elected  vice-president,  a  position 
which  he  was  well  fitted  to  hold.  He  is  a  man 
of  excellent  judgment  and  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  clever  financiers  in  the  State.  He  is 
Trustee  of  the  Puget  Sound  Academy  at  Coupe- 
ville, and  is  also  School  Director.  He  has  taken 
an  active  interest  in  the  educational  facilities 
that  are  being  aftbrded  the  youth  of  this  great 
commonwealth,  and  has  always  encouraged 
those  enterprises  calculated  to  elevate  the  intel- 
lectual standard.  He  is  a  member  ofWhidl)y 
Island  Lodge,  No.  15,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also 
belongs  to  the  Eastern  Star,  No.  26,  of  which 
Mrs.  Hancock  is  Worthy  Matron. 

Mr.  Hancock  was  married,  March  3,  1880,  to 
Julia  E.  Kinney,  who  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
October  15,  1859,  a  daughter  of  T.  F.  and  Mary 
E.  (Houghton)  Kinney.  Her  parents  were  also 
natives  of  Nova  Scotia,  the  father  born  in  1829, 
and  the  mother  in  1831.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Han- 
cock have  three  sons:  Eugene  A.,  Justice  L., 
and  Virgil  K.  In  addition  to  the  farm  men 
tioned  Mr.  Hancock  owns  an  immense  amount 
of  city  property,  and  has  many  other  profitable 
investments. 


KiSE^-H|E=3^t. 


If  N.  E.  RATBURN,  Chairman  of  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners  of  Columbia 
-i  county,  is  one  of  the  sulistantial  and  thrifty 
farmers  of  Eastern  Washington.  He  was  born 
in   Decatur  county,  Indiana,  June  4,  1832,  and 


HISTOBT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


reared  in  his  native  State  until  eighteen  years 
of  age.  His  father,  William  Kayburu,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  settled  in  Indiana  early  in  the 
'20s,  and  subsecjuently  removed  to  Davis  county, 
Iowa,  about  1851.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
nee  Esther  Phillips,  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
moved  to  Kentucky  and  thence  to  Indiana,  and 
thence  to  Iowa  in  1S50,  and  finally  to  Walla 
Walla  county,  AVashington,  in  1865.  Both  she 
and  her  husband  are  now  deceased. 

The  subject  of  this  slvetch,  the  twelfth  iri 
order  of  birth  in  a  family  of  seventeen  chil- 
dren, was  brought  up  to  farm  life  and  has 
always  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
After  a  residence  of  some  four  years  in  AValla 
Walla  county,  he  located  at  his  present  place, 
near  AVaitsburg,  which  now  comprises  440  acres 
of  beautiful  farm  land, — forty  acres  in  timber 
and  380  in  cultivation,  and  devoted  to  some  ex- 
tent to  stock-raising. 

Witli  reference  to  the  great  public  questions 
of  the  day,  Mr.  Kayburu  is  a  zealous  Democrat. 
He  was  elected  County  Commissioner  in  1890, 
and  re-elected  in  1892.  He  represented  his 
pa'rty  at  their  first  county  convention,  and  has 
ever  since  been  a  delegate  to  nearly  all  their 
county  conventions.  For  several  years  he  was 
Director  of  School  District  No.  30.  He  has. 
also  been  Road  8u].ervisnr  for  five  years.  He 
athliates  with  the  I.  O.  <).  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W., 
both  at  Waitsburg. 

September  11,  1852,  in  the  State  of  Missouri, 
he  was  joined  in  marriage  with  Miss  Sarah  M. 
Tull,  of  Afadison,  Indiana,  and  they  have  three 
children,  all  married.  Their  names  are  Hamlin 
It.,  Isadora  (now  Mrs.  Lafayette  Cox,  of  Day- 
ton) and  Isaac  X. 


OlIX    F.   KIKIiV. 


^' J  Columbia  county,  now  retired  from  active 
^^  business,  has  passed  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  in  the  Evergreen  State.  Having 
l>een  a  successful  farmer  for  a  number  of  years, 
about  eight  years  ago  he  retired  to  his  beautiful 
home  at  Huntsville,  and  is  yet  in  the  prime  of 
life,  being  but  fifty-three  yeai-s  of  age. 

He  was  born  in  Jennings  county,  Indiana, 
September  1,  1840,  the  youngest  of  five  chil- 
dren born  in  the  family  of  David  and  Eliza 
(Brown)  Kirby.  Tiie  parents  were  natives  of 
Kentucky,  descending  from  old   and    influential 


families  of  that  State.  The  mother  died  when 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  child,  and  his 
father  reinanicd  ;  and  consequently  the  boy  be- 
gan the  IkiMIcs  111'  life  for  himself  at  a  prema 
ture  age.  In  1S52  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  where  he  spent 
the  first  eight  years  of  his  life  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  July  13,  1859,  in  Yam  Hill  county, 
Oregon,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Teel,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1853.  They  had  six  children,  three 
of  whom  are  yet  living,  namely:  Mary  A.,  now 
Mrs.  P.  P).  Bateman;  Frances,  now  the  wife  of 
James  H.  Fudge;  and  Abbie  L.,  now  Mrs.  O. 
W.  Pollard.  Two  sons  and  a  daughter  are  de- 
ceased. 

Mr.  Kirby  located  in  AValla  AYalla  county, 
Washington,  in  1860.  His  home  property  con- 
sists of  sixteen  acres,  two  acres  of  which  are 
devoted  to  a  variety  of  fi'uits.  In  his  political 
views  Mr.  Kirby  is  a  Republican,  and  lie  takes 
an  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  For  two 
years  he  was  County  Commissioner,  and  he  has 
represented  his  party  at  both  county  and  State 
conventions.  He  is  now^  a  member  of  the 
County  Central  Committee.  He  also  takes  sn 
active  interest  in  educational  and  other  public 
enterprises,  having  the  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity at  heart.  He  belongs  to  AV^aitsbui-g 
Lodge,  No.  5,  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ITRANZ  SIC  EL  ROMAINE,  a  citizei 


11  Columbia  cininty,  was  born  in  I*ond  du 
^-  Lac  county,  Wisconsin,  near  tiie  town  of 
Jersey,  September  1,  1862,  his  parents  being 
Carrett  and  Martha  L.  (Harbougii)  Romaine. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  of 
Pennsylvania  origin,  and  his  mother  was  a 
native  of  Ohio.  They  moved  first  to  Wiscon- 
sin, in  1874  to  San  Jose,  California,  next  to 
Ilarrisburg,  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and  finally 
in  1879  to  Columbia  county,  Washington, 
where  the  father  entered  land  six  miles  from 
the  city  of  Dayton,  on  the  Texas  ferry  and 
wagon  road.  In  1892  he  removed  into  Dayton. 
Therefore  our  subject  gi'ew  up  and  obtained 
his  education  in  three  States, — AYisconsin,  Ore- 
gon and  AVashington.  After  attaining  the  age 
of  twenty-one  years  he  began  business  upon  his 
own  responsibility,  taking  care  of  cattle  for 
other  parties  for  about  four  years;  next  he  was 
wit!)  the  engineer  corps  of  the   Oregon    liiver 


570 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  Navigation  Company,  until  tlieir  interests 
went  into  the  hands  of  the  Union  Pacific  Com- 
pany. He  tlien,  in  1886,  bought  a  farm  of  160 
gores  two  miles  from  Dayton.  He  also  pur- 
chased 240  acres  of  deeded  land  seven  miles 
directly  south  of  Dayton,  and  lie  has  a  school 
section  of  160  acres.  The  home  place  at  present 
is  "summer-fallowed."  On  the  other  place  lie 
has  163  acres  in  grain,  while  the  i-einainder  is 
pastured.  He  has  a  number  of  horses  and  a 
few  cattle.  Mr.  Romaine  has  been  identified 
with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  county 
ever  since  he  became  a  resident. 

He  was  married  in  Columbia  county,  Decem- 
ber 25,  1887,  to  Miss  Lizzie  A.  Knight,  who 
was  born  on  the  plains,  as  the  family  were  on 
their  way  West.  Her  parents  were  William 
and  Damie  (Ward)  Knight,  natives  of  Missouri, 
who  settled  in  Walla  Walla  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  died  there  when  Mrs.  Komaine  was  a 
young  child.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Komaine  liave  three 
children:  Amy,  Loren  Earl  and  Cecil  Louisa. 


W.  WILLIS,  pioneer  of  1850  to  the 
Pacilic  coast,  was  born  in  Bridgewater, 
li  Vermont,  June 4,  1828.  The  progenitor 
of  the  name  in  America  came  from 
England  and  landed  in  Plymouth,  Massachusetts, 
in  1620.  He  w'as  a  conjuror  of  great  skill  and 
reputation.  The  parents  of  our  subject,  James 
and  Xancy  (Morey)  Willis,  of  Scotch- Irish  de- 
scent, were  born  in  Vermont,  where  James 
AVillis  followed  farming  and  in  later  life  was  a 
prominent  stone  mason,  engaged  quite  exten- 
sively in  railroad  work  in  the  building  of  stone 
culverts  and   bridges. 

Educational  facilities  in  those  early  days  were 
exceedingly  limited  and  M.  W.  Willis  began 
his  studies  in  the  little,  old,  log  schoolhouse,  at- 
tending the  short  winter  terms  and  spending 
his  summers  in  labor  upon  the  farm.  Subse- 
quently he  attended  a  higher  school  at  Wood- 
stock, Vermont,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
was  apprenticed  to  Marshman  D.  Lull  of  Wood- 
stock to  learn  the  trade  of  gunsmith.  This  line 
of  work  he  followed  up  to  1849,  then,  learning 
of  the  gold  excitement  in  California,  he  declined 
a  generous  offer  and  started  for  that  El  Dorado 
of  the  West.  He  sailed  from  Boston  November 
22,  1849,  on  the  ship  Reindeer,  which  was 
among-  the  first  five-yard  clipper  ships.     Loaded 


with  a  general  cargo  and  212  passengers,  the 
voyage  was  rapidly  and  successfully  completed, 
and  they  landed  in  San  Francisco  on  April  2, 
1850.  Young  Willis  was  one  of  the  Vermont 
mining  company  of  sixteen,  who  had  a  com- 
2)lete  outfit  of  mining  tools,  and  they  proceeded 
at  once  to  Sutter's  creek,  where  there  was  gold 
in  great  abundance.  Being  unfamiliar  with  the 
work  and  not  knowing  how  to  save  the  gold  in 
their  zeal  to  work  rapidly,  the  gold  was  largely 
washed  away,  and,  not  being  able  to  make  more 
than  $30  per  day  where  they  expected  hundreds, 
the  mine  was  soon  condemned  and  they  went 
to  the  Stanislaus  river  at  the  foot  of  Mormon 
Gnlch,  spent  three  months  in  attempting  to  turn 
the  course  of  the  river,  and  made  a  complete 
failure  of  the  enterprise.  They  then  went  back 
into  the  gulch  and  were  meeting  with  fine  suc- 
cess when  one  Dr.  Woodward  appeared  on  the 
scene,  gave  startling  news  of  the  richness  of 
mines  at  Gold  lake,  where  it  was  only  necessary 
to  shovel  up  the  gold  into  sacks.  They  listened 
to  his  story  with  credulity  and  all  started  for 
the  richer  diggings.  After  following  him  forty 
dajs  through  a  wild,  unbroken  country  they  ar- 
rived in  Walker's  valley,  there  held  an  indigna- 
tion meeting  and  drove  the  doctor  out  of  the 
.camp  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  The  party 
remained  to  recruit,  then  crossed  a  ridge  into 
Carson's  valley  and  by  the  emigrant  trail  re- 
turned to  Hangtown,  where  the  company  dis- 
banded and  our  subject  left  the  mines  and  went 
to  Stockton,  where  he  purchased  a  horse  and 
dray  and  followed  trucking,  his  income  averag- 
ing about  130  per  day.  The  city  was  wild  with 
gambling  and  lawless  depredations,  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1851,  he  started  with  horse  and  dray  and 
drove  to  San  Francisco,  the  journey  taking  seveu 
days.  On  arrival  he  bought  another  team,  ex-  • 
press  wagon  and  water  cart,  then  sold  water 
about  the  city  and  conducted  a  general  dray- 
ing  business  for  about  one  year,  making  money 
rapidly.  During  the  winter  of  1851-'52,  aseggs 
were  selling  at  $'4  per  dozen,  he  started  a  chicken 
ranch,  paying  -§48  per  dozen  for  his  fowls,  in- 
creasing his  flock  to  about  800,  when  disease 
settled  amongst  the  fowls  and  carried  away  all 
but  150,  which  he  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice.  This 
misfortune  about  "  broke  him  up"  financially. 
As  music  was  in  demand  and  as  he  had  given 
some  attention  to  violin-playing  in  the  East,  he 
then  resorted  to  the  violin  as  a  means  of  sup 
port,  playing  at  dances  and  fandangos,  receiv- 
ing $4  per  hour  and  often  making  six   to  eight 


HiarORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


ounces  of  gold  per  day.  He  rapidly  gained 
notoriety  and  gradually  secured  assistants,  creat- 
ing a  band  known  as  Willis'  Brass  Band  which 
became  famous  and  gained  for  liini  the  sobri- 
quet of  the  "  Gilinore  of  the  Pacific  Coast,"  his 
services  being  in  great  demand  at  the  swell  en- 
tertainments of  the  "Bonanza  Kings."  This 
occupation  be  continued  up  to  1878,  wlien  he 
retireil  from  the  business  and  came  to  Oiympia, 
Washington,  and  then  engaged  in  tlie  oyster 
business,  shipping  to  San  Francisco.  This  was 
continued  for  two  years,  when  the  oysters  gave 
out.  He  had  handled  15,000  sacks.  In  1881 
he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at  Oiympia  as 
proprietor  of  the  Pacific  Hotel,  which  had  been 
known  as  "Aunt  Becca's  Hotel."  To  provide  eggs, 
milk  and  vegetables  for  his  table,  he  purchased 
near  town  a  farm,  which  he  stocked  and  man- 
aged, but  with  the  depression  of  1885  he  again 
'■  broke  up."  He  then  removed  to  Victoria  and 
opened  a  tine  restaurant,  but  being  a  foreigner 
could  not  work  up  a  trade,  so  sold  out  and  went 
to  Portland  and  opened  a  hotel  and  there  con- 
tracted disease,  and  was  obliged  to  seek  rest  and 
recuperation  in  the  drier  climate  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Learning  of  the  possible  "  boom  "  in  Seattle 
over  the  construction  of  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  he  came  to  this  city,  arriving  in 
July,  1887;  and  after  waiting  five  months  for  a 
liouse  to  be  finished  he  again  started  a  hotel  in 
a  twenty-one-room  house  on  the  corner  of  Front 
and  Seneca  streets.  The  demand  was  such  that 
in  a  few  months  he  opened  a  second  and  made 
money  rapidly,  and  after  one  year  sold  out  and 
rented  "  Squires'  Pacific"  of  seventy-two  rooms 
on  Second  and  Maine  streets,  which  he  named 
Willis  Hotel.  Here  iie  built  up  a  large  patron- 
age, continuing  to  the  tire  of  June,  1889,  when 
he  was  burned  out,  not  possessing  e\-en  a  place 
to  sleep.  As  so,.n  as  order  was'  evolved  from 
the  existing  diaus  he  returned  to  hotel  life,  and 
with  the  completion  of  the  present  building  in 
1890,  he  leased  the  property  and  opened  the 
Occidental  Hotel,  which  he  has  continued  to 
conduct  with  marked  success,  this  being  the  si.xth 
hotel  he  has  furnished  in  his  six  years'  residence 
in  Seattle. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1885, 
to  Miss  Kuth  L.  Wilson,  a  widow  with  one  son. 

Mr.  Willis  is  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Pionet-rs  of  OaliCornia,  and  of  the  Washington 
Pioneer  Society.  He  was  a  charter  member  of 
the  Musicians"  Mutual  Protective  Union  of  San 


Francisco  and  took  great  interest  in  that  organ- 
ization. In  politics  he  is  Republican  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  the  success  of  that  party. 
He  was  elected  Councilman  of  Seattle  in  the 
spring  of  1890,  and  is  thoroughly  enlisted  on 
the  side  of  progression  and  in  advancing  the  in- 
terests of  his  adopted  city. 


5ABINE  ABBOTT,  one  of  the  many  suc- 
cessful farmers  of  Whidby  island,  Wash- 
ington, is  a  native  of  AYindsor  county, 
Vermont,  born  January  31,  18ci7.  His  father, 
Elam  Abbott,  was  born  at  Stockbridge,  Ver- 
mont, February  26,  1805.  He  was  united  in 
marriage,  February  24,  1829,  to  Roxy  Ellison, 
who  was  born  in  Springfield,  Vermont,  Febru- 
ary 24,  1806.  These  good  people  resided  on 
their  farm  in  the  Green  Mountcun  State  until 
1879,  when  they  disposed  of  tlieii'  property  and 
removed  to  Kansas,  making  theii-  home  with 
their  son,  in  Parsons.  Two  yeai-s  later  they 
came  to  the  coast,  residing  with  their  son,  Sa- 
bine. Although  Elam  Abbott  is  now  past 
eighty-eight  years  of  age,  he  is  often  seen  in 
the  woods  with  cross-cut  saw,  which  he  uses 
with  the  vigor  many  a  younger  man  might  envy. 
He  has  never  been  confined  to  the  hed  fr<im  ill- 
ness a  day  in  bis  life.  He  east  his  \(,te  for  An- 
drew Jackson,  and  takes  a  pi'ide  in  the  fact  that 
he  has  ever  since  Mited  at  every  presidential 
election,  giving  his  suttVage  to  the  Democratic 
party.      His  wife  died  Fehruary  14,  1885. 

Daniel  Abbott,  paternal  grandfather  of  Sa- 
bine Abbott,  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1760, 
and  lived  to  the  age  of  100  years  and  three 
days.  Sal  line  .VMiott  icnnuned  a  member  of  ■ 
the  household  in  ^■enllollt  until  1861,  and  was 
engaged  in  agricnltnial  pursuits.     In  the  sjn-ing 

Columbia,    and    Cor    two     years    did    cai-pentry 
work,    having    mastered    this    calling    while    a 


you 


th 


his  'teens.      In  1865  he  lelt  Victoi-ia 


and  came  to  AVhidby  island,  where  he  located 
on  a  farm,  which  he  cultivated  six  years.  At 
the  end  of  this  time  be  returned  to  bis  eastern 
lionie;  remained  in  Xew  England  twelve  years, 
and  during  that  time  held  several  county  offices. 
A  second  time  he  made  the  journey  to  the  West, 
having  previously  disposed  of  all  his  interests 
in  Vermont.  He  came  back  to  his  old  farm  on 
Whidby    island,   and    has  taken    a   prominent 


572 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


place  among  the  agriculturists  of  the  State. 
From  the  heart  of  the  forest  a  fertile  garden 
spot  has  grown,  and  adjoining  Honrishes  a  vil- 
lage wherein,  times  past,  Jsatnre  bad  covered 
the  earth  with  a  luxuriant  growth  of  giant 
trees.  Mr!  Abbott  has  laid  out  two  additions 
to  Coupeville,  the  same  being  known  respect- 
ively as  the  Chicago  and  the  Admiralty  addi- 
tions. He  has  aided  very  materially  in  the 
growth  of  the  place,  and  has  given  snbstantial 
encouragement  to  many  important  enterprises. 
He  was  united  in  marriage,  January  2,  1859, 
to  Lucy  Green,  a  native  of  Bethel,  Vermont, 
born  February  26,  1840.  They  are  the  parents 
of  one  living  child,  Mi-s.  Laura  E.  Cawsey. 
Mr.  Abbott  had  the  misfortune  to  be  in  a  rail- 
road collision  near  Jackson,  Michigan,  in  which 
twenty-three  persons  lost  their  lives,  and  many 
others  injured.  He  was  seriously  hurt  at  tbe 
time,  and  has  neA^er  recovered. 


CHARLES  D.  KING,  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney of  Island  county,  is  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Washington,  born  iu  Cowlitz 
county,  December  5,  1859.  His  father,  W.  D. 
King,  was  a  native  of  Lincolnshire,  England, 
and  emigrated  to  America  with  his  parents  in 
his  youth.  They  located  in  St.  Joseph  county, 
Michigan,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  was 
married  in  1851,  to  (Jordelia  Hawley,  of  jSTiles, 
iu  the  same  State,  one  of  the  most  popular 
young  ladles.  About  a  year  after  his  marriage 
he  started  West,  taking  the  overland  route.  He 
arrived  in  Washington  in  the  autumn  of  1852, 
and  settled  on  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres  on 
Grand  Mound  prairie,  near  Olympia.  He  soon 
abandoned  this  land,  and  going  to -the  Cowlitz 
river  bought  another  claim  of  320  acres  four 
miles  from  Monticello.  In  1855  he  sent  for 
his  wife  to  join  him,  and  she  came  by  way  of 
the  Isthmus  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  to 
Kainier,  Oregon,  from  wiiich  point  she  traveled 
up  the  Cowlitz  river  in  a  canoe  to  her  husband's 
ncM'  home.  Soon  after  her  arrival  the  Indian 
war  broke  out,  and  they  were  obliged  to  seek 
refuge  in  the  old  Fort  Cowlitz,  where  their 
oldest  son,  H.  S.  King,  was  born,  in  1856. 
When  hostilities  ceased  they  returned  to  the 
claim,  and  Mr.  King  was  engaged  in  the  culti- 
vation of  his  land  until  1863.  "Within  this 
tjnie  hp  served  four  years  as  Auditor  of  Cow- 


litz county.  He  then  removed  to  Swan  island, 
near  Portland,  but  as  the  location  proved  un- 
satisfactory lie  went  to  a  point  in  Clackamas 
county  near  Oi'egon  City,  and  thence  in  1869 
to  eastern  Oregon,  settling  near  Weston.  There 
he  bought  a  farm  and  once  more  occupied  him- 
self with  cultivating  the  soil.  In  the  fall  of 
1870,  with  his  eldest  son,  H.  S.  King,  he  made 
a  visit  to  his  old  home  in  Michigan,  where 
shortly  afterward  he  lost  his  life  in  a  railway 
accident.  He  was  a  man  of  education  and  en- 
terprise. In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and 
always  took  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs. 
The  family  were  separated  several  years;  H.  S. 
King  was  iu  the  East,  and  the  mother  and 
other  son,  Charles  D.,  remained  in  the  West. 
Shortly  after  Mr.  King's  death  Mrs.  King  re- 
moved to  Idaho,  traveling  by  horse  team,  and 
there  she  arrived  with  Charles  in  April,  1871. 
She  afterward  was  married  a  second  time,  being 
united  to  Captain  G.  C.  Chase. 

Charles  D.  King  then  started  out  to  make  his 
own  way  in  the  world.  For  several  years  he 
had  no  opportunities  of  attending  school,  but 
occupied  his  leisure  time  in  reading  and  study. 
In  1875  the  family  removed  to  California,  and 
he  drove  a  herd  of  cattle  from  Idaho  to  tiiat 
State.  Mr.  Chase  settled  on  a  farm  in  El  Do- 
rado county.  Charles  attended  the  district  school 
a  few  months  each  year,  and  between  times 
worked  at  farming  and  mining.  He  remained 
there  until  1878,  and  then  went  to  Xevada, 
stopping  at  Winnemucca,  where  he  spent  one 
year.  During  this  time  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  his  stepfather  in  cutting  and  selling 
wood.  At  the  end  of  twelve  months  he  went 
to  Cassia  county,  Idaho,  making  the  trip  with  a 
team  of  horses.  Arriving  there  iie  took  a 
squatter's  claim,  as  he  was  not  of  age  and  could 
not  enter  land.  He  worked  on  the  claim,  raised 
live-stock,  and  studied  law.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1885  and  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  during  the  balance  of 
liis  residence  in  Idaho.  He  was  City  Attorney 
of  AVeiser,  Idaho,  and  was  Deputy  District  At- 
torney of  Washington  county  under  his  brother, 
H.  S.,  who  is  also  a  self-made  lawyer.  They 
purchased  the  Weiser  Leader,  a  weeklj^  paper, 
which  they  owned  and  edited  for  two  years. 
Charles  practiced  law  in  Albion  and  Weiser, 
Idaho,  and  is  known  in  Boise  and  all  the  larger 
towns  in  this  part  of  the  country. 

He  came  to  Olympia  in  1890,  and  opened  a 
liiw  office;  a  year  later  he  renioved  to  Whidiiy 


n I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


573 


island,  and  has  since  been  practicing  liis  pro- 
fession and  acting  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Island  county.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  busi- 
ness ability,  a  well-read  lawyer,  and  is  taking  a 
leading  place  among  the  members  of  the  bar  of 
Washington.  In  politics  he  is  strongly  Repub- 
lican. He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
and  belongs  to  the  Unitarian  Society  of  Olym- . 
pia.  He  is  unmarried  and  resides  with  his 
mother  and  stepfather,  who  are  living  in  Conpe- 
ville. 


W)aTSON  ALLEN,  resident  of  Seattle, 
and  actively  connected  with  her  origi 
—  -^  nal  water-front  improvements,  was  born 
in  Sussex  county.  New  Jersey,  August  26, 1842, 
and  was  the  oidy  son  of  Samuel  and  Mahala 
(McKain)  Allen,  who  were  natives  of  the  same 
county  and  descended  from  pioneer  settlers  of 
the  State.  Watson  Allen  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Sussex  county  and  in  the  Methodist 
Conference  Seminary  at  Charlotteville,  New 
York.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  gave 
his  attention  to  learning  the  carpenter's  trade, 
and  served  a  three  years'  apprenticeship  at 
Lynn,  Pennsylvania.  He  then  returned  to  his 
home,  and,  with  the  call  for  nine  months'  troops 
in  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Twenty- 
seventh  New  Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry.  The 
regiment  was  then  attached  to  the  Ninth  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  General  Burnside, 
and  they  took  an  active  part  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  and  closed  their  service  in  Ken- 
tucky, where  they  were  engaged  in  driving  out 
General  Forrest's  band  of  guerrillas.  Receiving 
an  honorable  discharge,  Mr.  Allen  then  entered 
the  Quartermaster's  Department  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  and  was  employed  at  his  trade  in 
lebuilding  bridges  and  doing  other  necessary 
work  in  the  line. 

In  the  spring  of  1865  he  returned  to  his 
home  and  was  married  at  Newton,  New  Jersey, 
in  May  following,  to  Miss  Garphelia  King,  of 
the  same  State.  Mr.  Allen  then  settled  in 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  for  one  year  was  en- 
gaged as  superintendent  of  wood-work  in  the 
erection  of  tlie  first  factory  for  the  Clark's 
Thread  Company,  the  building  being  of  brick, 
110  X  600  feet,  five  stories  high.  After  the  com- 
pletion of  this  work,  Mr.  Allen  engaged  in  con- 
tracting and  building,  up  to  1868,  then  removed 
to   Fort  Oram,  New  Jersey,  and   continued  in 


the  same  occupation  until  the  spring  of  1872, 
when  he  closed  up  his  business  and  moved  to 
Seattle,  Washington  Territory,  having  learned 
of  the  grand  opportunities  and  wonderful  tim- 
ber resources  of  the  Sound  country',  securing 
his  information  from  Richardson's  book  entitled 
"  Beyond  the  Mississippi." 

On  arrival  in  Seattle,  Mr.  Allen  was  first  em- 
ployed in  building  wharves  and  docks  at  the 
portage  between  Lakes  Union  and  Washington, 
preparatory  to  moving  coal  by  that  route.  In 
the  summer  of  1872  he  went  up  the  Snoqual- 
mie  river  to  the  mouth  of  Tokul  creek,  and 
there  located  a  claim  by  pre-emption,  and  erected 
a  small  sawmill,  riving  out  all  the  timbers  fi-om 
the  log.  He  transported  his  mill  equipment 
from  Snohomish  to  his  camp  on  the  river,  a 
distance  of  forty  miles,  in  small  canoes.  In 
like  manner  all  supplies  were  brought  into 
camp,  and  there  he  resided  for  nearly  ten  years, 
engaged  in  milling  and  in  reclaiming  a  small 
farm.  In  1879  Mr.  Allen  was  deeply  aiUicted 
by  the  death  of  his  good  wife,  who  left  three 
small  children:  Lilliiin,  who  is  now  Mrs.  James 
Newman,  of  Seattle;  Lena  and  Annie. 

In  1880  Mr.  Allen  was  elected  to  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature  by  the  lu'|i\ililii'.iii  pai-ty,  and 
t^erved  during  the  se.-,sii>ii  of  ISSL  lie  iIhmi 
returned  to  his  ranch,  (■](l^(■ll  it  (nit,  mikI  placing 
his  children  \\\  the  Sisters'  school  lie  accepted 
a  position  with  the  Oregon  River  and  Naviga- 
tion Company  of  Oregon,  in  building  bridges 
l)etween  the  Dalles  and  the  Cascades.  In  the 
spring  of  1883  he  was  appointed  superin- 
tendent of  construction  of  bridges  between 
Puyaliup  and  Seattle,  on  the  Puget  Sound  shore 
line,  and  in  the  fall  of  1883  he  formed  a  co- 
partnership with  Albert  L.  Nelson,  organized 
the  tirm  of  Allen  &  Nelson,  and  engaged  in 
contracting  for  the  building  of  piers,  wharves, 
bridges,  and  other  work  connected  with  tlie 
water  front.  They  built  the  first  line  of  rail- 
road along  the  water  front  of  Seattle,  and  were 
tiie  first  to  engage  extensively  in  the  pile- 
driving  business,  executing  the  principal  large 
contracts  between  Tacoma  and  British  Colum- 
bia. Continuing  until  April,  1889,  they  sold 
their  interests  to  the  San  Francisco  JJridge 
Company.  They  also  ow.ped  and  operated  the 
old  Donnelly  sawmill  on  Sammamish  lake. 
They  have  since  moved  the  plant  to  Monohan, 
on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad,  and  the 
same  is  now  in  operation,  with  a  daily  capacity 
of  50,000  feet.     The  firm    also  have  extensive 


574 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTOlf. 


interests  in  tide  lauds  at  Seattle,  and  Mr.  Allen 
owns  a  valuable  timber  tract  of  1,260  acres  in 
Snohomish  county. 

Mr.  Allen  was  married  in  Olympia,  Novem- 
ber 30,  1883,  to  Miss  Cornelia  Newton,  and 
one  child,  Eva,  has  been  born  to  them.  Mr. 
Allen  is  prominent  in  the  Masonic  brotherhood, 
being  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge,  chapter,  cora- 
raandery  and  Mystic  Shrine. 


IfSAAC  BURLINGAME,  manager  of  the 
Fremont  Mill,  was  born  at  Gaines,  Kent 
-i  county,  Michigan,  in  April,  1850.  His 
father,  Esek  Burlingame,  was  born  in  Canada, 
of  Englisli  ancestry.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  the  United  States,  married  Miss  Clarissa 
Turner,  of  New  York,  and,  in  1832,  located  in 
Michigan,  whei'e  he  followed  the  trade  of  ma- 
son, and  also  engaged  in  farming.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  the  common- 
schools  of  Gaines,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
years  entered  the  machine  shops  of  Lietalt 
Brothers  at  Grand  Rapids,  and  sjjent  five  years 
in  learning  the  business  of  machinist.  In  1874 
he  removed  to  San  Francisco  and  followed  his 
trade  in  the  Hope  Iron  Works  and  at  the  United 
States  Mint  up  to  April,  1877,  when  he  came  to 
Seattle.  Finding  little  business  in  his  line,  he 
went  to  Tumwater  and  began  work  as  master 
mechanic  for  the  American  Pipe  Company, 
manufacturers  of  wooden  pipe.  In  May,  1878, 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  factory 
and  so  continued  up  to  March  1,  1880,  when 
he  leased  the  shop  and  plant  and  manufactured 
under  a  royalty  for  the  use  of  the  patent,  up  to 
May,  1883,  when  he  put  up  a  portable  sawtnill 
with  a  capacity  of  10,000  feet  per  day,  and,  with 
planing  machinery,  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  lumber.  In  November,  1885,  he  organized 
a  company  which  was  incorporated  as  the  Wash- 
ington Saw  and  Planing  Mill  Company,  and,  as 
president,  operated  the  mill  up  to  May,  1888, 
then  bought  up  the  stock  of  the  company  and 
moved  the  plant  to  Seattle.  He  then  became 
associated  with  L.  H.  and  L.  A.  Griffith  and  Dr. 
E.  C.  Kilbourne,  and  together  they  organized  and 
incorporated  the  Fremont  Milling  Company, 
with  a  capital  of  ^'25,000,  and  with  L.  H. 
Griffith  as  president,  and  subject  as  manager. 
The  company  were  then  subsidized  with  about 
si.\  acres  of  lapd  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Union, 


upon  the  provision  that  they  would  erect  a  mill 
with  a  capacity  of  20,000  feet  per  day.  The 
agreement  was  perfected;  the  mill  was  erected 
amid  the  brnsli  and  timber,  and,  on  the  14th 
day  of  August,  1888,  they  began  cutting  lum- 
ber. The  small  mill  was  operated  until  Sep- 
tember, 1889,  when  the  old  equipment  was 
thrown  aside;  extensive  improvements  were 
perfected,  and  with  new  mill  and  machinery 
the  capacity  was  increased  to  50,000  feet  per 
day,  improved  facilities  being  afforded  for  saw- 
ing, planing  and  finishing  lumber.  The  mills 
and  yards  are  lighted  by  electricity,  from  the 
company's  own  electric  system,  and  ai-e  con- 
veniently located  on  a  switch  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Kailroad.  While  the  mill  turns  out 
finished  lumber  in  all  sizes,  the  company  have 
such  facilities  for  procuring  choice  fine  timber 
that  they  make  a  specialty  of  long  pieces  (seven- 
ty-five to  one  hundred  feet)  for  bridge  and  car 
building.  Though  this  mill  was  erected  in  the 
timber,  the  enterprise  of  the  proprietors  have 
converted  the  wild  lands  into  a  prosperous  set- 
tlement, now  known  as  P'remont,  the  same  be- 
ing within  the  city  limits  of  Seattle  and  con- 
nected with  the  business  center  l)y  the  Consoli- 
dated Electric  Railroad  System. 

The  prosperity  of  the  mill  company  is  largely 
due  to  the  scientific  knowlege  and  executive 
ability  of  Mr.  Burlingame,  who  personally  su- 
perintends the  mechanical  and  manufacturing 
departments.  He  has  made  several  notable  im- 
provements in  mill  machinery,  one  only  of 
which  has  he  patenteud,  the  same  being  known 
as  the  Burlingame  Patent  Indicator —  a  device 
which  is  used  in  connection  with  the  setworks 
on  a  sawmill  carriage.  Mr.  Burlingame  also 
developed  the  water-works  system  of  Fremont, 
and  the  same  has  become  a  profitable  enter- 
prise. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in  1876,  to 
Miss  Margaret  Eaton,  of  Downieville,  daughter 
of  one  of  the  pioneers  of  California.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Burlingame  have  one  child,  Eva. 

DJEDRICH     ROHLFS,    of    the    firm    of 
J    Rohlfs  &  Schoder,  manufacturers  of  fur- 
niture  and  office  fixtures  at  Seattle,  was 

born  in  Bremen,  Germany,  Sejitember  29,  1846. 
He  was  educated  in  tlie  schools  of  Bremen,  and 
at  the  age  of  sixteen  years  was  apprenticed  for 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


575 


fuur  years,  witbont  salary,  to  learn  the  trade  of 
cabinet- making.  Completing  bis  appreuticship, 
he  was  asked  to  make  a  piece  of  furniture  to 
prove  bis  ability  and  then  received  a  certificate 
as  a  finished  workman.  -He  thereafter  contin- 
ued in  the  same  factory,  under  engagement,  for 
about  six  months,  when,  to  escape  the  military 
service  of  Germany,  he  decided  to  come  to 
America  and  left  the  country  of  his  birth  in  the 
spring  of  1867.  Duly  landing  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  he  proceeded  thence  to  Cincinnati, 
by  reason  of  its  being  a  manufacturing  center, 
arriving  on  the  5th  of  July,  without  friends  in 
the  city,  unable  to  speak  the  English  language 
and  with  but  $3  in  cash.  Business  being  dull, 
there  was  little  opportunity  for  employment, 
but  with  small  wages  and  strict  economy  he 
worked  along  until  the  spring  of  1868,  when  he 
secured  a  position  in  the  furniture  factory  of 
Mitchell  k  Rainniel^horg  and  remained  four 
years,  securing  good  wages  and  laying  up 
money.  In  the  spring  of  1872  he  visited  the 
land  of  his  nativity,  spending  four  months 
among  old  and  familiar  scenes.  Then  return- 
ing to  Cincinnati  he  continued  at  his  trade. 

He  was  married  in  Cincinnati,  in  1874,  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  Flacke,  of  German  descent,  and 
in  1875  removed  to  San  Francisco,  California, 
and  followed  cabinet  work  until  the  spring  of 
1877,  when  he  engaged  in  an  outside  enterprise. 
Being  unfamiliar  with  the  business,  loss  fol- 
lowed loss,  until  after  eighteen  months'  experi- 
ence he  sold  out  and  came  to  Seattle.  The  city 
being  but  a  small  hamlet  offered  little  induce- 
ment to  a  manufacturer,  so  Mr.  Rohlfs  went  to 
Whidby  island,  purchased  100  acres  of  land  and 
tried  farming.  Having  no  j)ractical  knowledge 
of  agriculture  the  experiment  proved  disastrous, 
completely  exhausting  his  small  resources.  He 
then  decided  to  resume  his  trade,  of  which  he 
was  master,  and,  returning  to  Seattle,  he  found 
employment  with  the  Hall  &  Paulson  Furniture 
Company,  at  $3  per  day,  and  after  his  continued 
financial  losses,  he  states,  "That  was  one  of  the 
happiest  days  of  my  life."  Continuing  up  to 
1886  business  became  dull,  and  Mr.  llohlfs 
w-ent  to  Victoria  for  a  few  months;  then,  return- 
ing to  Seattle,  formed  a  co-partnership  with  his 
old  friend,  Herman  Schoder,  and  started  a  small 
hand  repair  shop,  which  after  one  year  was 
burned  out.  They  then  purchased  the  interest 
of  Hall,  in  the  old  firm  of  Hall  &  Paulson,  and 
continued  that  business,  employing  about  forty 
hands    and    receiving  an    extensive   patronage 


from  the  Sound  district,  manufacturing  house- 
hold, bank  and  oftice  furniture.  Continuing 
until  the  great  fire  in  June,  1889,  their  factory 
and  stock  were  destroyed,  thus  entailing  a  heavy 
financial  loss.  After  the  fire  Kohlfs  &  Schoder 
leased  the  factory  site  and  with  a  small  capital 
resumed  the  business,  employing  but  four  hands. 
Increasing  their  capacity  with  the  growth  of 
their  business,  they  now  employ  fifty  to  sixty 
hands,  in  the  manufacture  of  bank  and  office 
furniture,  interior  hardwood  finish,  and  in  the 
building  of  street  cars.  The  firm  supplied  and 
put  in  place  the  interior  finish  of  the  New  York 
block.  Dexter  Horton  Bank  building,  the  King 
county  courthouse,  and  many  buildings  of  lesser 
prominence. 

Ml-,  and  Mrs.  Eohlfs  have  two  children: 
Adolph  and  Otto.  Socially  Mr.  Rohlfs  affiliates 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Turn  Verein  and  other 
German  societies.  He  has  long  been  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  but  gives  little  attention 
to  politics,  devoting  his  time  and  energies  to 
the  upbuilding  of  business  of  the  success  of 
which  he  justly  feels  very  proud. 

LEWIS    D.    W.    SHELTON,    an    Oregon 
I   pioneer  of  1847,  now  a  resident  of  Seattle, 
1   was  born   in   Andrew   county,    Missouri, 

October  18,  1841.  His  father,  David  Shelton, 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  but  removed  to 
Missouri  with  his  parents  about  1819,  and  was 
reared  to  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life,  in  hunt- 
ing, trapping  and  tigliting  Indians.  He  was 
married  in  Missnuri  to  Miss  Frances  Wilson, 
native  of  Kentucky.  Mr.  Shelton  improved  a 
farm,  which  he  worked  till  the  spring  of  1847, 
when  he  sold  out  and  with  an  ox  team  and  a 
>'  prairie  schooner,"  removed  his  family  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  then  known  as  Oregon. 
The  journey  was  fraught  with  the  usual  experi- 
ences of  fighting  Indians,  the  loss  of  cattle,  etc. 
The  train  consisted  of  nine  wagons,  and  was 
directed  by  Captain  John  Bouser.  The  party 
reached  the  vicinity  of  Walla  Walla  and  met 
Rev.  Marcus  Whitman,  about  six  weeks  prior 
to  his  massacre.  The  party  then  continued 
down  the  river  to  the  Dalles,  and  went  into  camp 
just  below  that  town.  There  they  whipsawed 
lumber  from  which  they  built  a  raft.  Onto 
this  they  loaded  their  wagons,  effects  and 
families  and  drifted  down  the   river,  while  the 


576 


lIIHTOUr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


stock  was  all  driven  across  the  mountains.  At 
the  cascade  of  the  river  the  people  all  walked 
around  the  portage,  while  the  boat  shot  the 
rapids  and  was  picked  up  below  without  dam- 
age, except  having  shipped  same  water.  Below 
the  cascades  Mr.  Shelton  was  met  by  an  Indian 
canoe  sent  to  his  rescue  by  an  old  friend  and 
earlier  pioneer,  Mr.  Caples,  and  in  that 
canoe  himself  and  family  were  taken  to 
Vancouver,  while  tlie  other  member  of  the 
party  followed  in  the  flat-boat.  Mr.  Caples 
met  the  family  at  Vancouver  and  tiien  Mr. 
Shelton  spent  his  last  dollar  for  a  bucket  of 
black  syrup,  to  use  in  place  of  sugar.  Then  all 
proceeded  to  Sauvin's  island,  where  they  passed 
the  tirst  winter,  living  on  wild  duck  and  other 
game  secured  by  the  rifle.  In  tiie  spring  of 
184:8  Mr.  Shelton  put  in  a  crop,  and  while  wait- 
ing for  returns  lived  on  split  peas,  purchased 
from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  a  large 
sturgeon  which  was  purchased  from  the  Indi- 
ans, and  which  was  salted  and  perserved.  In 
the  spring  of  1849  he  removed  his  family  to 
Yam  Hill  county,  while  he  went  to  the  Cali- 
fornia mines,  where  he  found  plenty  of  gold, 
but,  owing  to  continuous  sickness,  returned  after 
seven  months,  with  but  slight  improvement  in 
his  financial  condition.  He  then  located  32U 
acres  in  East  Portland,  and  remained  until 
January,  1852,  when  he  learned  of  the  Puget 
Sound  district,  and,  in  company  with  several 
friends  purchased  a  small  schooner  and  started 
for  the  Sound.  Here  the  party  arrived  in 
February,  and  while  some  stopped  at  Port 
Townsend  Mr.  Shelton  continued  his  way  to 
Olympia.  and  there  remained  until  April,  1853. 
He  then  took  up  a  section  of  land  in  Mason 
county,  which  he  subsequently  increased  by 
purchase  to  1,200  acres,  320  being  open  prairie. 

In  1854  Mr.  Shelton  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Territorial  Legislature,  and  introduced  the 
bill  to  organize  Sawamish  county,  which  was 
adopted,  but,  while  representing  that  county  at 
a  later  session,  he  introduced  a  second  bill, 
changing  the  name  to  Mason  county,  in  honor 
of  Charles  H.  Mason,  the  first  Territorial  Secre- 
tary, under  Govenor  Stevens.  Mr.  Shelton 
began  improving  his  place  and  ultimately 
cleared  eighty  acres,  which  became  the  town 
site  of  Shelton,  which  he  founded  about  1885, 
and  which  is  now  a  thriving  young  city  of  about 
1,200  population. 

Mr.  Siielton  has  been  an  official  of  Mason 
county  almost  continuously  since  the    date   of 


organization,  tilling  almost  every  important 
otflce.  Later  he  became  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Shelton,  where  he  still  resides,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  eighty  one  years.  His  good  wife,  the 
companion  of  his  pioneer  days,  passed  over  to 
the  other  shore  in  1887,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Lewis  D.  has  passed  tiiroiigh  all  the  pioneer 
experiences  of  his  father,  remembering  distinctly 
his  trip  across  the  [jlains.  His  education  has 
been  chiefly  by  home  instruction.  At  the  age 
of  fourteen  years  he  began  work  with  surveying 
parties,  and  gained  his  first  knowledge  of  that 
profession,  which  he  continued  to  study  from 
such  books  as  lie  could  gather  together  at  that 
day.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  the  In- 
dian war  of  1855  and  1856;  was  a  member  of 
Captain  Su'indal's  company  of  scouts,  and  took 
part  in  many  battles  between  Snoqualmie  falls 
and  the  Cowlitz  river.  After  peace  was  declared 
he  followed  such  occupation  as  he  could  find, 
always  improving  every  opportunity.  In  1862 
he  began  teaching  school,  which  occupation  he 
followed  for  several  years.  In  1875  he  took  up 
surveying  as  a  regular  business,  and  in  1878 
opened  an  office  at  Olympia.  In  1879  he  was 
commissioned  United  States  Deputy  Surveyor, 
and  has  continued  in  that  office  to  the  present 
time.  From  1877  to  1888  he  had  charge  of  all 
the  Port  Blakely  lauds,  and  tlie  six  last  years 
superintended  all  theirlogging  interests  between 
Portland  and  British  Columbia.  Since  1883 
iiis  office  has  been  located  at  Seattle.  In  1888 
he  gave  up  surveying  and  engaged  in  real-estate 
speculation,  buying,  improving  and  selling 
property.  This  enterprise  he  continued  until 
the  spring  of  1891,  when  he  resumed  govern- 
ment work. 

In  polities  lie  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  filled 
the  offices  of  County  Surveyor,  Sheriff  and 
Auditor. 

He  was  married  in  Snoiiomish,  in  1887,  to 
Miss  Lydia  Morris,  native  of  Wisconsin.  They 
have  one  child,  Morris  P. 


-^-^^- 


T[T[  ON.  JOHN  H.  BOWMAN,  whose  name 
jHl     is   prominently  connected  witli    the  his- 
J     41    tory  of  San  Juan  island,  Washington,  is 
"^  a  native  of  Rutherford  county,  Tennes- 

see, born  near  Nashville,  August  16,  1821.  He 
was  the  first  inhabitant  of  Friday  Harbor, 
Washington,  having  come  here  to  survey'  the 
town  site,  and   for  two  years  he  lived  alone  on. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  island,  his  only  mode  of  coramuuication 
with  the  outside  world  being  with  a  small  boat. 
When  the  land  on  which  Friday  Harbor  is  sit- 
uated was  selected  by  the  county  as  the  seat  of 
justice  he  was  the  one  who  went  to  Olympia  to 
make  iinal  proof  and  get  a  patent  from  the 
Government,  he  having  in  the  meantime  resided 
on  the  land  as  County  Auditor  and  held  it  for 
the  county  the  required  length  of  time. 

Of  Mr.  Bowman's  parents,  we  record  that  his 
father,  William  Bowmati,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1787  and  died  in  Tennessee  in  1865; 
and  that  his  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Elizabeth  Wade,  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1790 
and  died  in  Tennessee  in  1838.  The  father  was 
a  pioneer  in  Tennessee,  having  moved  from 
South  Carolina  to  that  State  with  his  parents 
when  he  was  a  boy.  There  he  grew  to  manhood 
and  was  married  and  reared  his  family.  Of  his 
ten  children  only  four  are  now  living.  He  was 
a  resident  of  Tennessee  when  that  State  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union,  and  during  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  an  active  participant. 

John  H.  Bowman  i-emaiued  on  his  father's 
plantation  in  Tennessee  until  1841,  when  he 
went  to  Jackson,  Mississippi,  to  work  in  a  large 
mercantile  establishment.  He  was  there  em- 
ployed when  the  Mexican  war  broke  out,  and 
he  resigned  his  position  to  enter  the  army.  As 
a  member  of  Company  E,  First  Mississippi 
Rifles,  under  Jefferson  Davis  and  General 
Taylor,  he  went  to  the  front  and  participated  in 
all  the  principal  battles  of  that  war.  On  ac- 
count of  bravery  at  the  battle  of  Monterey  he 
was  promoted  from  a  private  to  the  rank  of 
Corporal.  His  next  principal  battle  was  that 
of  Buena  Vista,  where  he  was  again  promoted 
for  bravery,  tliis  time  to  the  position  of  Fourth 
Sergeant.  He  was  in  Jefferson  Davis'  com- 
mand during  his  entire  service.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Jackson,  Mississippi, 
where  he  was  employed  in  a  n)ercantile  estab- 
lishment until  1851.  That  yesir  he  set  sail 
from  New  Orleans  to  Panama,  went  np  the 
Chagres  river,  footed  it  across  the  isthmus,  car- 
rying his  pack,  and  made  the  Pacitic  voyage  to 
San  Francisco  in  the  Republic,  landing  at  his 
destination  May  1,  1851.  He  followed  niining 
for  eleven  years  throughout  California,  coming 
from  that  State  to  Union  county,  Oregon,  where 
he  continued  in  the  mines  eight  years.  In  1862 
he  went  to  Lewiston,  Idaho,  where  he  continued 
his  mining  operations,  being  in  Idaho  when  it 
was  organized   as  a  Territory. 


In  October,  1872,  after  an  experience  of 
twenty-one  years  asaminer,  he  retired  from  the 
mines  and  came  to  Washington,  first  locating 
on  Orcas  island.  This  was  about  one  month 
before  the  dispute  between  the  British  and  the 
United'  States  Governments  was  settled.  In 
Novem!)er,  1872,  the  trouble  having  been  set- 
tled, he  pre-empted  the  land  on  which  he  had 
been  residing  under  a  squatter's  right.  The 
next  Legislature  organized  the  county  of  San 
Juan  and  located  the  county  seat  at  Friday 
Harbor.  He  was  the  first  Probate  Judge  of  the 
county,  in  which  ofhce  he  served  three  terms, 
the  tirst  time  by  appointment  and  the  others  by 
election.  He  was  also  the  second  County  Au- 
ditor; has  since  been  elected  Auditor  and  served 
for  ten  years.  He  assisted  in  clearing  the 
ground  and  building  the  first  county  courthouse 
in  Friday  Harbor,  where  it  still  stands.  As  all 
his  time  was  required  on  San  Juan  island,  he 
in  1877  sold  his  property  on  Orcas  island  to  the 
Nfiwhall  Stave  Company,  now  known  as  the 
Cascade  Mill  Company,  and  after  disjwsing  of 
it  he  bought  property  adjoining  Friday  Harbor. 
He  has  since  disposed  of  most  of  his  property. 
At  one  time  he  owned  nearly  the  whole  of  Fri- 
day Harbor. 

Mr.  Bowman  was  made  an  Odd- Fellow  at 
Jackson,  California.  He  received  a  demit  from 
the  lodge  there  in  1881,  but  he  has  never  since 
joined  any  other  lodge. 


J  I  E.  MOORE,  another  one  of  the  repr 
tive  citizens  of  Utsaladdy,  Island  county, 
^  Washington,  was  born  June  10,  1860,  in 
Machias,  Washington  county,  Maine.  Plis 
father,  J.  E.  Moore,  Sr.,  was  born  in  1820  and 
died  in  1889.  His  mother,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Ellen  Campbell,  was  born  in  1833  and  is 
still  living.  In  their  family  were  ten  children, 
two  of  whom  are  deceased,  and  the  others,  with 
the  exception  of  J.  E.  Moore  and  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Ilart,  reside  in  the  East. 

At  an  early  age  the  subject  of  our  sketch  had 
aspirations  for  a  sea  life,  and  when  he  was  four- 
teen years  old  he  embarked  on  the  schooner  N. 
Jones,  and  after  a  voyage  in  it  went  to  sea  in 
the  Anita.  For  seven  years  he  followed  the 
sea  in  various  vessels,  and  has  visited  nearly  all 
the  important  ports  of  the  world;  made  five 
trips  to  Europe.     At  the  ago  of  twenty-one  he 


HIS20RT    OF    WASHIJVOTON. 


retired  from  the  sea.  having  risen  to  the  rank  of 
first  mate,  and  started  West  via  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  From  San  Francisco  he  came 
north  to  Pnget  Sound,  and  at  Port  Shelton,  on' 
the  mainland  just  opposite  Camano  island,  he  at 
once  engaged  in  the  logging  business.  Soon 
afterward  he  secured  employment  of  the  Puget 
Mill  Company,  of  Utsaladdy,  and  for  five  years 
was  log  inspector  and  had  chaige  of  their  log 
booms  or  rafts.  Resigning  his  position  with 
this  company,  he  on  May  17,  1880,  organized 
and  was  elected  president  of  the  Chinook  Boom 
Company,  of  Utsaladdy,  and  is  still  acting  as 
president  of  the  company.  He  also  organized 
the  Pacific  Boom  Company,  in  which  he  is  the 
principal  stockholder,  lie  is  captain  of  the  tug 
Alki,  of  which  he  is  half  ownei-. 

Since  coming  to  Washington  Mr.  Moore  has 
invested  largely  in  real  estate.  His  residence 
is  in  Utsaladdy,  and  he  owns  several  farms;  220 
acres  on  Camano  island,  a  few  miles  from 
Utsaladdy,  320  acres  in  Skagit  county;  and  160 
acres  in  Snohomish  county.  He  also  owns 
property  in  Seattle,  and  has  five  gold  claims  in 
Okanogan  county. 

Mr.  Moore  was  married  June  28,  1887,  to 
Nellie  Rowell,  who  was  born  in  Holden,  Maine, 
October  20,  1860,  and  who  came  West  with  her 
parents  in  1886,  locating  in  Seattle.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  R.  F.  and  Anna  (Jackson)  Rowell. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  have  one  child,  Frances 
Winnifred.  Ralph  Edwin  and  Maud  Eleanor 
are  deceased. 

Of  the  following  fraternal  organizations  Mr. 
Moore  is  a  prominent  member:  Washington 
Lodge,  No.  ie,  K.  of  P.,  Utsaladdy;  Uniform 
Rank,  No.  18,  K.  of  P.,  Seattle;  Camano  Lodge, 
No.  19,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Utsaladdy;  Glen  wood 
Lodge,  No.  17,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Conpeville;  and 
Pnget  Sound  Harbor  of  Masters  and  Pilots, 
No.  16. 

The  subject  of  the  foregoing  sketch  has  a 
brother  in  Stanwood,  named  H.  B.  Moore. 

CHARLES  C.  REED,  of  Friday  Harbor, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  born  August  2, 1824.  His 
father,  Charles  L.  Reed,  was  born  in  1795,  and 
died  in  1854:;  and  his  mother,  nee  Hannah 
Beetle,  born  in  1800,  died  in  1831.  Charles  L. 
Reed  was  a  Corporal  in   the  war  of  1812,  and 


after  the  close  of  the  war  he  went  to  sea,  and 
was  employed  more  or  less  in  the  whaling  busi- 
ness. Finally  retiring  from  the  sea,  he  learned 
the  trade  of  a  hatter  in  his  youth,  and  for  many 
years  kept  a  hat  store  in  New  Bedford,  Massa- 
chusetts. Before  the  death  of  his  wife  in  1831, 
his  son  Charles  C.  made  his  home  witli  an  aunt 
until  he  was  sixteen  years  old,  but  from  tiie 
time  he  was  nine  he  was  employed  in  his 
father's  store  when  not  attending  school.  Thus 
early  in  life  be  acquired  some  knowledge  of 
mercantile  business. 

Tiring  of  indoor  life,  October  6,  1840,  young 
Reed  went  aboard  the  whaling  vessel  China, 
and  for  five  years  remained  on  the  same  ship. 
He  made  two  voyages  to  the  Southern  Pacific 
ocean  and  the  islands  about  New  Zealand.  After 
his  return  to  Massachusetts  on  his  second  voy- 
age, he  left  the  China  and  went  on  board  the 
Congress,  remaining  on  the  lattei-  vessel  two 
years  and  eight  months;  was  in  the  Indian 
Ocean  in  the  vicinity  of  the  East  India  islands 
and  Australia,  and  spent  two  summers  near  the 
Croset  islands.  From  these  voyages  he  re- 
turned to  Massachusetts  in  November,  1848. 
He  remained  in  his  native  State  until  August 
of  the  following  year,  when  he  started  for  Cali- 
fornia, via  Cape  Horn,  on  the  Olive  Branch, 
under  command  of  Captain  Place.  Arriving 
in  San  Francisco  January  27,  1850,  he  went 
direct  to  the  mines,  hut  after  a  fruitless  experi- 
ence of  eight  months  he  returned  to  San  Fran- 
cisco "  broke."  He  then  secured  employment 
on  the  ship  St.  Lawrence,  which  was  engaged 
to  carry  passengers,  and  their  voyage  south 
took  200  disheartened  miners  as  far  as  Nic- 
arao-ua,  they  being  homeward  bonnd.  The 
vessel  went  on  to  Valparaiso,  Chili,  and  from 
there  he  returned  to  San  Francisco.  He  went 
into  the  California  bay  trade,  in  schooners, 
until  he  got  money  enough  to  buy  a  part  of  a 
schooner  of  his  own,  which  he  ran  for  fifteen 
years.  He  was  also  Captain  of  a  steamer  on 
the  Sacramento  river  until  1871,  when  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  bought  up 
all  boats,  and  he  continued  with  the  railroad 
company  until  1873.  He  then  quit  the  busi- 
ness, having  served  over  thirty  years  on  the 
water. 

That  t.ame  year,  1873,  Mr.  Reed  came  to 
Pncret  Sound.  Here  he  homesteaded  160  acres 
of  land  on  Shaw's  island,  in  San  Juan  county, 
and  on  it  he  lived  until  1878,  when  he  aban- 
doned it  and  returned  East.     Stopping  at  Prior 


SlStOilY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


hl\i 


lake,  Minnesota,  lie  secured  work  in  a  mer- 
chandise store,  soon  afterward  bought  a  half 
interest  in  the  establishment,  and  for  four 
years  conducted  business  under  the  firm  name 
of  Hull  &  Reed.  At  the  end  of  that  time  they 
disposed  of  their  business,  and  he  i-eturued  to 
Washington,  settling  in  Friday  Harbor,  San 
Juan  county,  as  clerk  with  Joseph  Sweeney,  in 
a  mercantile  business,  in  which  he  was  engaged 
nearly  tliree  years.  He  afterward  received  the 
appointment  of  County  Treasurer.  He  was 
afterward  elected  Treasurer,  and  altogether  has 
served  seven  years.  He  owns  a  comfortable 
home  in  Friday  Harbor. 
Mr.  lieed  is  unmarried. 


-^i9- 


I  L  D  E  II  O  Y  HOLDERMAN,  deceased, 
r  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Columbia 
j  county,  Washington,  and  did  a  noble 
^  part  in  advancing  her  interests  and  for- 
warding her  development.  He  was  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Ohio,  born  in  Wyandotte  county, 
January  24,  1833,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Caroline 
(Loveland)  Holderman;  they  were  also  natives 
of  the  Buckeye  State,  and  the  Holderman  fam- 
ily were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Ohio. 
When  Gilderoy  Holderman  was  a  youth  of  tif- 
teen  years  the  family  removed  to  Knoxville, 
Hlinois,  and  there  he  grew  to  man's  estate.  In 
1858  he  went  to  Linn  county,  Kansas,  and  in 
1881  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  locating  in 
Washington;  he  settled  on  160  acres  of  land  in 
Bundy  Hollow,  Columbia  county,  having  made 
a  purchase  of  the  tract  in  1879. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  Bates  county, 
Missouri,  May  5,  1859,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Fran- 
cis, who  was  born  in  Will  county,  Illinois,  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Hannah  (Il«gemau) 
P^rancis.  Thomas  Francis  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, but  was  brought  to  America  in  his  child- 
hood and  grew  to  maturity  in  Ohio.  His  wife 
was  born  in  Indiana,  and  was  reared  near 
Crawfordsville,  Montgomery  county.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Will  county,  Illinois, 
settling  there  as  early  as  1832;  he  returned  to 
Indiana  in  1835,  was  married  and  returned 
with  his  bride  to  their  home  on  the  frontier. 
They  removed  to  Missouri  in  1856,  and  there 
Mr.  Francis  died  August  8,  1858;  the  wife 
survived  until  August  5,  1881.  Mrs.  Holder- 
man  is  the  only    one   of  their   children    who 


settled  in  Washington,  excepting  Mrs.  Hannah 
Louise  Newton,  wife  of  John  il.  Newton,  of 
Stevens  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holderman  had 
ten  children,  four  of  whom  are  living:  Louisa, 
wife  of  Jolin  Danielson;  Adah;  Nettie;  and 
Arthur;  Frank  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years;  Hettie  was  fourteen,  and  Charles  was 
the  same  age  when  he  died;  three  children  died 
in  childhood. 

Mr.  Holderman  departed  this  life  Oct.  28, 
1883.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  having  enlisted  in  Kansas,  August 
17,  1861;  he  was  a  member  of  Company  D; 
Sixth  Kansas  Cavalry,  Colonel  Judson,  and 
participated  in  some  important  engagements 
and  many  skirmishes  of  the  war.  He  was 
severely  wounded  July  17,  1863,  in  the  Choc- 
taw Nation,  and  was  disabled  quite  a  while  at 
Tahlequah.  He  was  also  confined  to  the  hos- 
pital at  Fort  Smith  and  Fort  Gibson,  and  dur- 
ing this  time  acted  as  hospital  steward.  He 
never  fully  recovered  from  the  injuries  re- 
ceived, and  his  death  finally  resulted.  He  was 
honorably  disciiarged  in  1865.  He  adhered  to 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,  but  he 
was  not  an  active  politician.  He  was  a  man  of 
many  excellent  traits  and  had  the  respect  of  all 
with  whom  he  mingled. 

Mrs.  Holderman  superintends  the  cultivation 
of  the  ranch,  which  has  grown  from  150  acres 
to  480  acres;  with  the  exception  of  eighty  acres 
of  natural  timber  the  place  is  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  is  one  of  the  best  improved  and  most 
desirable  farms  in  the  county.  She  is  a  woman 
of  rare  force  of  character,  is  progressive  in  her 
ideas,  and  with  her  family  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  welfare  of  the  county  and  the  de- 
velo^jmeut  of  the   many  I'esoui'ces  of  the  State. 


BEN  E.  SNIPES,  one  of  the  enterprising 
and  successful  pioneers  of  Washington, 
was  born  in  Cliatliam  county,  North 
Carolina,  in  July,  1835.  His  parents,  Elam 
and  Asenath  (Rawson)  Snipes,  were  natives  of 
the  same  State.  Elam  Snipes  was  reared  upon 
a  farm  and  continued  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
removing  to  Jetferson  county,  Iowa,  in  1847. 
In  1864  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Washington, 
locating  in  Klickitat  county,  where  he  still  re- 
sides, at  the  age  of  eighty-two  years,  in  the 
happy  companionship  of  the  wife  of  his  early 
manhood,  now  eighty  years  of  age. 


lllnTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Ben  E.  Snipes  was  educated  in  the  old  log 
schoolhouse  in  Iowa,  witliout  desks,  tlie  benches 
being  made  from  split  logs  set  upon  pins.  The 
schools  were  kept  only  in  the  winter  and  con- 
tinued about  three  months.  Yet,  with  a  desire 
for  education,  be  would  walk  two  and  three 
miles  to  improve  these  limited  facilities.  Thus 
by  summers  of  labor  upon  the  farm  and  winters 
of  study  he  spent  his  early  life  until  1852, 
when,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years,  he  struck 
out  for  self-support. 

Desiring  the  opportunities  of  a  new  country, 
and  as  the  tide  of  emigration  was  turning 
toward  Oregon,  he  found  opportunity  to  cross 
the  plains  as  assistant  to  George  Ilnmplirey, 
who  had  several  teams  and  a  considerable  body 
of  loose  cattle.  Ben  took  charge  of  one  of  the 
ox  teams  and  drove  the  entire  distance,  and  also 
rendered  assistance  as  second  cook  to  the  party. 
They  were  five  months  in  crossing,  but  by  cau- 
tious and  wise  management  they  experienced 
no  unusual  difficulties,  and  entered  the  Willam- 
ette valley  at  the  south  end,  continuing  to 
Salem,  where  our  subject  began  "  rustling"  for 
self-support. 

His  tirst  occupation  was  digging  potatoes, 
but  shortly  afterward  hired  to  work  with  a  pack 
train  bound  for  California  with  a  load  of  apples, 
and  was  put  in  charge  of  the  "  bell  mare,''  the 
train  numbering  forty-five  mules.  Arriving  at 
Yreka,  the  apples  were  sold  at  $1  per  pound, 
fresh  fruit  being  more  rare  than  gold  in  those 
days.  At  Yreka  young  Snipes  secured  a  mi- 
ner's pick  and  pan  and  began  prospecting  for 
gold.  His  tirst  claiu)  indicated  some  richness, 
but  witliout  experience  he  did  not  realize  how 
great  until  he  sold  out  for  $500  and  then  worked 
for  the  party  at  $7  per  day.  The  result  of 
working  this  claim  to  the  purchaser  was  about 
$75,000,  while  Mr.  Snipes  became  so  disgusted 
with  himself  for  selling  that  he  quit  the  "dig- 
gings." He  then  bouoht  a  "drifting  claim" 
for  $1,500  at  Yreka  Flats,  worked  all  winter, 
and  in  the  spring  had  not  sufficient  money  to 
pay  his  beef  bill  and  had  to  work  it  out. 

Thus  becoming  familiar  with  the  butchering 
business,  he  subsequently  bought  the  shop  and 
continued  it  very  profitably  for  one  year, — on 
the  credit  basis, —  until  suddenly  the  town 
stampeded  for  richer  diggings  and  young  Snipes 
was  left  with  a  number  of  uncollectible  bills, 
which  represented  his  profits,  again  i-educing 
him  to  that  condition  termed  "dead  broke." 
He   then    went  to  a  mining  camp  on   Scott's 


river  and  engaged  in  the  livery  business,  which 
he  continued  very  successfully  to  the  fall  of 
1855,  when  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  joined 
his  brother,  George  R.  Snipes,  then  located  at 
The  Dalies.  Our  subject  remained  with  him 
upon  his  farm  until  1858,  when,  with  t^ie  open- 
ing of  the  eastern  part  of  Washington  Territory 
for  settlement,  he  located  160  acres  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Klickitat  river  and  engaged  in  the  cattle 
business.  After  one  year  he  sold  his  claim, 
invested  the  money  in  cattle,  and  with  his  little 
band  of  ninety-seven  head  started  for  Yakima 
county,  the  tirst  stockman  to  take  cattle  into 
that  county,  in  whicli  the  Indians  were  then 
very  numerous..  Young  Snipes,  with  great 
judgment  and  foresight,  hired  an  Indian  to  stay 
with  him,  thus  allying  himself  with  tiie  people 
of  the  country. 
In  the  snrinc 


of  1860  he  drove  his  cattle  to 


liock  creek  in  the  Okanogan  mining  district  and 
sold  out,  with  a  handsome  profit.  He  con- 
tinued this  system  of  buying,  fattening  and 
selling  until  1865,  when  he  engaged  in  cattle- 
raising,  having  purchased  lands  bordering  upon 
the  Yakima  river,  which  he  stocked  with  a  con- 
sidefable  herd.  His  land  purchase  covered  6,000 
acres,  bordering  upon  water-courses,  with  a  vast 
grazing  district  contiguous.  His  herd  then  in- 
creased to  vast  proportions,  and  in  1880  num- 
bered 35,000  head.  That  was  a  season  of 
drought  and  disaster,  as  the  severe  winter  of 
1880-'81,  which  succeeded  a  summer  of  short 
feed,  found  the  cattle  in  reduced  flesh  and  unable 
to  resist  the  more  rigorous  weather,  and  they 
died  in  scores,  fully  28,000  head  perishing  in 
the  snow  and  storms.  Though  the  loss  was 
great,  Mr.  Snipes  re-stocked  and  continued  suc- 
cessfully to  the  winter  of  1886-'87,  when  an- 
other severe  winter  destroyed  10,000  head,  but 
still  his  range  is  well  stocked,  numbering  thou- 
sands of  head.  He  has  also  been  an  extensive 
breeder  of  horses  of  the  Clyde  and  Percheron 
strains,  his  band  numbering  about  2,000  head. 
These  interests  were  continued  to  1802,  when 
Mr.  Snipes  decided  to  retire  from  the  stock 
business. 

Though  these  interests  liave  been  extensive, 
he  has  also  found  time  for  other  enterprises. 
In  1866,  through  the  process  of  loan  and  mort- 
gage, he  came  into  possession  of  the  Wasco 
Woolen  Mill  at  The  Dalles,  which  he  operated 
for  a  time,  until  determining  there  was  no  profit 
in  the  business,  then  sold  the  machinery, and  in 
1879    refitted   with    flour-milling    machinery, 


inSTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


which  he  operated  as  the  "  Iligliland "  mill, 
and  continued  to  1S89,  when  the  mill  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

In  1880  he  bought  an  interest  in  a  drug 
store  at  The  Dalles  and  formed  the  co-partner- 
sliip  of  Kinersbj,  Snipes  &  Kinersby,  which 
business  is  still  continued,  it  having  increased 
from  a  stock  of  $10,000  to  one  of  $()0,000,  and 
conducted  in  both  wholesale  and  retail  depart- 
ments, with  an  extensive  and  lucrative  patron- 
age. 

In  1880  Mr.  Snipes  engaged  in  the  banking- 
business  at  Elleiisburg,  under  tlie  name  of  Den 
E.  Snipes  &  Co.,  erected  one  of  the  finest  stone 
bank  buildings  in  the  State,  and  is  conducting 
a  general  banking  business.  In  1890  he  started 
tlie  branch  house  known  as  the  Roslyn  Bank 
of  Ben  E.  Snipes  &  Co.  to  accommodate  the 
mininor  interests  of  that  locality.  He  also  owns 
extensive  landed  interests  in  Klickitat  and 'Kit- 
titass  counties,  and  has  recently  purchased  the 
Hill  tract  of  100  acres  within  the  city  limits  of 
Seattle,  wiiich  he  has  platted  and  subdivided 
and  placed  upon  the  market. 

Mr.  Snipes  was  married  in  Columbus,  Klicki- 
tat county,  in  1864,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Barrett, 
a  native  of  Oregon,  and  they  have  one  son,  Ben 
E.,  Jr. 

In  July,  1890,  Mr.  Snipes  removed  his  fam- 
ily to  Seattle,  and  purchased  a  handsome  resi- 
dence on  tlie  corner  of  Eleventh  and  Madison 
streets,  where  he  now  resides.  Tlius  briefly 
have  we  attempted  to  portray  the  life  of  a  suc- 
cessful pioneer,  who  has  overcome  the  manifold 
trials  of  life  in  dangers  untold,  hardships  with- 
out number  and  heavy  financial  losses.  Yet 
with  keen  foresight,  good  judgment  and  per- 
sistency of  purpose  he  has  followed  closely  the 
allotted  line  of  development  and  has  arisen 
ti'iumphant  in  the  possession  of  wealth, with  an 
unsullied  reputation  and  enjoying  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  a  large  circle  of  friends  and 
acquaintances. 

'infjOBERT     NIEDERGESAESS,    general 
r?^     manager  of  the  Seattle   Brick  and  Tile 
J    ^  Company,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1846. 
^/  He  was  carefully  educated  in  the  Von 

Crousaz  Institute  in  Silesia.  Later  he  devoted 
liis  attention  to  ir.echaTiical  engineering,  and 
especial  attention  wag  paid  to  the  brick  manu- 
i'acture.     In  1866  he  began  the  practical  part  of 


brick-making  in  his  father's  little  brick-yard 
near  Glogau,  Silesia,  and  there  developed  and 
built  up  a  very  successful  business,  which  is 
still  continued  by  his  brother  Julius,  and  an- 
nually pays  very  handsome  dividends.  In  that 
yard  our  sul)ject  constructed  the  first  brick  ma- 
chine in  that  part  of  the  country.  The  impetus 
given  in  trade  after  the  Franco-German  war 
(Mialil.Ml  liiiu  to  engage  largely  in  building 
(ipi'iatidiis  in  \ariou8  provinces  and  to  spend  his 
spare  time  in  traveling.  In  1874  he  went  to 
Gleiwitz,  accepting  the  management  of  a  large 
manufacturing  establishment,  which  he  soon 
placed  upon  a  sound  financial  basis. 

He  was  married  in  Stow-Bedon,  England,  in 
1875,  to  Miss  Caroline  P.  R.  Godfrey,  and  re- 
sided near  Gleiwitz  until  1877;  then  removed 
with  his  family  to  Wellington,  New  Zealand, 
and  started  a  small  brickyard,  and  later  engaged 
in  mining  and  building  kilns,  brick  and  pipe 
machinery,  remaining  until  1887,  wiien  he  de- 
cided that  the  cunntiy  was  insufficiently  de- 
veloped to  give  pi'dpcr  scdpc  to  liis  progressive 
ideas,  and  he  would  visit  America. 

Upon  arriving  in  the  United  States  he  was 
quick  to  see  the  opportunities  whicli  the  coun- 
try offered,  and,  learning  of  the  ditticulties  at- 
tending the  manufacture  of  brick  in  the  free 
flow  of  clay  from  the  machine,  his  inventive 
genius  evolved  the  "  lubricating  die,"  whicli 
remedied  the  evil,  and  is  now  in  general  use 
throughout  the  United  States.  Applying  to  the 
Frye,  Sheckler  Company  of  Bucyrus,  Ohio,  Mr. 
Niedergesaess  sold  them  his  patent  and  found 
ready  employment  in  the  adjustment  of  brick 
machines  throughout  the  interior,  creating  a 
large  demand  for  his  improved  machine  and 
making  for  himself  a  wide  ifpntation. 

In  the  fall  of  1887  he  went  t..  Germany  on  a 
visit,  returning  to  America  iu  the  spring  of 
1888.  He  then  came  m  the  I'aciHc  Xurtlivvest 
in  the  interests  of  Frye,  Sheckler  it  Co.,  and 
after  improving  their  trade  at  Poi-tland  ho  came 
to  Seattle  and  found  the  brick  business  in  an 
undeveloped  condition,  owing  to  the  inability  to 
work  the  clay  to  advantage.  With  liis  inven- 
tion and  experience  he  set  the  machinery  run- 
ning for  the  Seattle  Brick  and  Tile  Company, 
andwas  then  oflfered  an  interest  in  the  business, 
which  he  readily  accepted,  as  he  could  foresee 
the  great  possibilities  in  that  line  of  manu- 
facture, lie  was  made  general  manager  for  the 
company,    the  yard   being  situated  on  Smith's 


■apmiy 


ilv  increased  the  business. 


582 


HISTORY    OF    WASMINOTON. 


After  the  tire  of  1889  they  started  the  yard 
in  South  Seattle,  where  they  have  valuable 
property  and  extensive  works.  To  meet  the  in- 
creased demand  for  superior  brick  in  1891  Mr. 
Niedergesaess  erected  a  continuous  kiln  after 
his  own  invention,  which  has  been  steadily  run- 
ning for  years.  In  July,  1892,  Mr.  Nieder- 
geaess  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Evei-ett 
Electric  Brick  Company,  and  was  made  treas- 
urer of  the  company  and  manager  of  the  manu- 
factory. 

The  latest  of  the  many  inventions  of  Mr. 
JS  iedergesaess  is  an  elevator,  which  for  practi- 
cability and  usefulness  is  a  great  labor-saving 
machine.  Thus  has  scientific  knowledge  and 
practical  work  developed  and  built  up  one  of 
Seattle's  manufacturing  interests,  whicii  is  self- 
snetaining  and  prosperous, — one  which  opens 
employment  to  many  men,  and  one  which  has 
been  built  up  to  its  present  standard  by  busi- 
ness thrift,  integrity  and  enterprise. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Niedergesaess  have  five  chil- 
dren, three  sons  and  two  daughters.  They  are 
all  receiving  a  practical  education,  and  the  boys 
are  developing  inventive  ideas  which  are  being 
fostered  and  characterized  under  their  father's 
watchful  guidance,  their  chief  aim  being  the 
perfection  of  steam  engines  and  other  motors  by 
the  direct  application  of  heat  for  obtaining  the 
nearest  approach  to  its  equivalent,  i.  e.,  power 
either  by  the  agency  of  steam,  gas  or  electricity. 


Ej)  F.  BPJGGS,  one  of  the  oldest  Hnanciers 
I  in  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Free- 
— -^  town,  Massachusetts,  July  19,  1832. 
His  parents,  Franklin  and  Sarah  (Hathaway) 
Briggs,  were  natives  of  the  same  State,  their 
ancestry  dating  back  to  the  pioneer  settlement. 
Franklin  Briggs  was  a  seafaring  man  and  a 
master  of  sailing  vessels  for  about  forty  year.s. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  the  old  Bay  State,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  made  his  first  cruise  at  sea.  He 
became  Master  at  the  age  of  twenty  years,  and 
in  1853  started  for  California  via  the  Nicaragua 
route.  He  embarked  from  New  York  upon 
the  old  steamship  "Constitution,"  and  re-em- 
Ijarked  upon  the  "  Golden  Gate "  upon  the 
Pacific  coast.  Duly  arriviiig  in  San  Francisco, 
he  was  then  employed  as  Slaster  of  a  small 
schooner  in  running  about  the   bay  and  up  the 


Sacramento  river.  After  three  years  of  service 
he  took  charge  of  the  Rincon  Point  warehouse 
in  San  Francisco,  and  remained  as  superintend- 
-ent  for  five  years,  when  he  engaged  in  the  grain- 
commission  busi]iess  with  Captain  E.  G.  Lamb, 
and  continued  until  1869,  when  the  firm  dis- 
solved. 

Mr.  Briggs  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in 
1868,  to  Miss  Rebecca  Horton,  a  native  of 
Illinois  and  daughter  of  Dexter  Horton,  a 
pioneer  of  Seattle.  In  December,  1869,  Mr. 
Briggs  removed  to  Seattle  at  the  solicitation  of 
Dexter  Horton,  to  act  as  cashier  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  Mr.  Horton's  private  bank.  Mr. 
Briggs  continued  as  the  trusted  cashier  for  a 
period  of  twenty  years,  with  barely  a  week's 
cessation  from  the  continuous  discharge  of  duty. 
In  the  fall  of  1889  Mr.  Briggs  resigned  from 
the  bank  and  became  the  cashier  in  charge  of 
Mr.  Horton's  private  financial  interests,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Seattle  and  New  York 
business  blocks.  He  is  also  one  of  the  execu- 
tors of  the  estate  of  P.  H.  Lewis,  deceased,  and 
is  the  trusted  director  in  other  financial  matters. 

He  is  largely  interested  in  the  Capitol  Mining 
Company,  in  Stevens  county,  and  the  Industry 
mine  in  King  county.  Both  of  these  are  iron 
mines  possessing  flattering  prospects.  He  also 
owns  200  acres  of  land  on  Lake  Washington, 
with  one-quarter  of  a  mile  water  front,  and  300 
acres  three  miles  north  of  the  lake,  besides 
valuable  improved  residence  and  business  prop- 
erty in  the  city  of  Seattle.  The  first  Mrs. 
Briggs  deceased  in  1875,  leaving  three  chil- 
dren: Ida,  Alford  and  Laura. 

Mr.  Briggs  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1878, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Griffith,  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
This  union  has  lieen  blessed  by  four  children: 
Franklyn,  Clarence  E.,  Clyde  and  Herbert. 

Socially  Mr.  Briggs  affiliates  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  "  first, 
last  and  all  the  time,"  but  in  no  sense  a  politi- 
cian, and,  save  for  serving  one  term  as  member 
of  the  City  Council,  he  has  strenuously  declined 
every  political  preferment. 


EDWARD  MILLER.— Among  the  busi- 
ness men  of  Taconia  who  have  been  asso- 
1  ciated  with  the  city  since  the  early  days 

of  the  new  town,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
He  came  here  as  a  workman  at  his  trade,  began 
business    for    himself    shortly    afterward,    in    a 


C-^.    =«^        TC  ■t-ei.-H-'-iCa.-i^e/. 


triSTORy    OF    WASHINGTON. 


small  way,  and  now  ranks  among  the  substantial 
business  men  and  manufacturers  of  Tacoma. 
A  brief  outline  sketch  of  his  career,  giving 
some  of  the  salient  features,  becomes,  on  that 
account,  an  interesting  feature  in  this  volume  of 
"Washington    history. 

Edward  Miller  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Wisconsin,  born  at  Mishicott,  Manitowoc 
county,  on  the  26th  day  of  January,  18B0,  his 
pai-ents  being  Henry  and  Wilhelniina  (Heber- 
lein)  Miller.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Ger- 
many, but  both  came  to  this  country  when 
young,  and  were  married  here. 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  town, 
and  there  received  his  schooling,  after  which  he 
learned  the  trade  of  tin  and  galvanized  iron 
working,  at  which  he  was  occupied  there  until 
1884.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Tacoma,  a 
young  man,  twenty-four  years  of  age,  and  after 
looking  around  went  to  work  for  the  firm  of 
Harvey  &  Young.  He  had  in  view  his  own 
establishment  in  business,  however,  and  after 
two  months  with  that  firm,  he,  in  partnership 
with  Fred  Keller,  opened  a  small  shop  at  1,504 
Railroad  street.  This  partnership  lasted  about 
a  year,  and  then  Henry  G.  Peters  bought  out 
the  interest  of  Mr.  Keller,  and  the  firm  of 
Peters  &  Miller  was  formed.  Business  had  in- 
creased meantime,  but  still  the  shop  was  not  a 
large  one.  They  soon  removed  to  JSo.  912 
Railroad  street,  where  they  remained  five  years, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  they  pwt  up  a  large 
brick  structure  on  Jetferson  avenue  and  Twenty- 
fifth  street,  and  moved  into  it.  The  growth  of 
their  business  during  all  chis  time  had  been 
regular  and  rapid,  and  in  1891  they  incorpo- 
rated as  the  Peters  A:  Miller  Company,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $25,000,  and  Mr.  Miller  became 
vice-president  of  the  company. 

In  July,  1892,  Mr.  Miller  sold  out  his  stock 
in  that  concern,  and  opened  for  liiinsclf  a  new 
establisbtnent  at  No.  1,513  Tacoma  a\cnue,  and 
on  the  property  erected  a  buildiii<;-,  the  same 
being  completed  in  the  spring  of  1892,  and 
being  25  x  100  feet  in  ground  dimensions,  and 
four  stories  and  basement  in  height.  Mr.  Mil- 
ler utilizes  the  busement  and  ground  floor  in 
his  business  operations.  His  trade  extends  all 
over  the  State  of  Washington,  in  galvanized  iron 
and  copper  work,  composition  and  metal  roof- 
ing, etc.,  and  he  does  a  great  deal  of  contract 
work. 

He  was  married  in  Wisconsin,  on  the  11th 
of  September,  1881,  to  Miss  Frances  Hartmann, 


a  native  of  that  State,  liorn  in  Milwaukee. 
They  have  three  children,  viz.:  Oscar,  born 
October  11,  1882;  Arthur,  born  August  29, 
1884;  Edward,  born  November  7,  1887. 

Mr.  Miller  has  passed  the  chairs  of  Crescent 
Lodge,  No.  44,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  for  two  years 
past  has  been  its  Treasurer;  he  is  a  member  of 
Tacoma  Encampment,  No.  8,  Tacoma  Canton, 
No.  4,  and  Rebekah  degree  lodge.  No.  1;  is  a 
member  of  A.  O.  U.  W.,  No.  32,  and  of  the 
Germania  Society,  of  which  he  has  been  Treas- 
urer for  the  past  four  years.  As  a  business 
man  Mr.  Miller's  capacity  is  indicated  by  the 
record  of  this  progress  in  Tacoma,  as,  though 
yet  a  young  man  in  years,  he  is  thoroughly 
recognized  as  one  of  the  reliable,  snbstantial 
men  of  the  city.  He  belongs  to  that  class  of 
business  men  who  win  friends  by  courteous  de- 
meanor, and  holds  them  by  fair,  considerate 
treatment.  For  these  i-easons  he  and  his  estab- 
lishment enjoy  the  highest  standing  in  the  busi- 
ness circles  of  the  city  and  State. 


5AMUEL  LEROY  CRAWFORD,  one 
of  the  representative  business  men  of 
Seattle,  is  among  the  few  citizens  of 
adnlt  age  born  upon  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  is 
a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a  grandson  on  the 
maternal  side  of  Robert  Moore,  who  crossed  the 
plains  in  1842  and  settled  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  who  figures  prominently  in  the  pio- 
neer history  of  Oregon,  having  been  one  of  the 
organizers  and  an  officer  under  the  first  civil 
government  established  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  He  was  a  man  of  great  force  of 
cliaracter,  well  educated  and  by  nature  and 
training  well  adapted  to  lead  and  direct  the 
forces  of  civilization  in  the  remote  West.  Dur- 
ing the  entire  jieriod  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment, as  the  government  of  the  settlers  was 
termed  in  Oregon,  wliicli  existed  until  tlie  (iov- 
ernment  of  the  United  State-  was  eNtemleil  oxer 
the  Territory,  Mr.  .Moure  rendered  etlieient 
service  in  the  maintenance  of  law  and  order,  and 
was  one  upon  whom  the  settlers  in  this  trying 
and  dangerous  period  relied  with  absolute  con- 
fidence and  trust.  He  located  his  claim  upon 
the  site  now  occupied  by  Linn  City,  where  he 
lived  honored  and  respected   until  his  death. 

The   parents  of   our   subject,  Ronald    C.  and 
Elizabeth  J.  (Moore)  Crawford,  natives  of   New 


niSTOMY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


York  and  Illinois  respectively,  came  to  Oregon 
in  1847,  were  married  in  1852,  and  settled  near 
Oregon  City,  where  their  son,  Samuel,  was  born 
in  1855. 

Ronald  C.  is  a  brother  of  Medorem  Craw- 
ford, who,  with  Dr.  Elijah  White,  crossed  the 
plains  in  1842  and  settled  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Territorial 
Legislature.  He  has  done  much  in  the  way  of 
preserving  a  record  of  the  early  pioneer  days  in 
Oregon,  his  public  addresses  before  the  Oregon 
Pioneer  Association,  in  1881,  and  his  contribu- 
tions to  the  press  at  various  time  throw  much 
light  on  the  earliest  attempts  to  carry  civilization 
to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific. 

In  1862  the  family  of  Ronald  C.  Crawford, 
removed  to  the  Walla  Wallavalley,  Washington 
Territory,  and  two  years  later  to  Walla  Walla. 
In  18G4'Ronald  C.  Crawford  was  appointed  Dep- 
uty Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  Oregon, 
and  for  the  next  five  years  the  family  lived  a 
portion  of  the  time  at  Oregon  City  and  later  at 
Salem.  In  the  public  schools  of  these  two  cities, 
and,  for  a  brief  period,  at  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity, the  principal  part  of  the  education  of 
our  subject  was  received.  With  his  parents 
young  Crawford,  in  the  fall  of  1869,  removed 
to  Olympia,  Washington,  where  his  father  en- 
gaged in  the  furniture  manufacturing  business. 
Here  for  two  years  he  attended  school,  but  in 
September,  1871,  entered  the  printing  office  of 
to  Washington  Standard  to  learn  the  printer's 
trade.  He  remained  in  this  office  four  years. 
In  the  meantime  his  parents  had  moved  to  a 
farm  in  Lewis  county,  and  the  support  of  the 
family  largely  fell  upon  him,  and,  that  he  might 
fully  discharge  his  duty  in  this  regard,  he  not 
only  worked  during  the  day  but  spent  his  eve- 
nings engaged  upon  work  for  the  public  printer. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  Assistant  Clerk  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  at 
which  time  his  father  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  from  Lewis  county.  Later  on  he  was 
employed  by  C.  B.  Bagley,  at  that  time  public 
printer,  and  also  worked  on  the  Daily  Echo  in 
connection  with  the  latter,  at  times  performing 
the  various  duties  of  city  editor,  compositor 
and  pressman.  When  the  Daily  Intelligencer 
of  Seattle  was  established  in  June,  1876,  Mr. 
Crawford  took  charge  of  the  mechanical  depart- 
ment of  the  paper  and  was  there  employed  for 
about  four  years,  when  he  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  local  department,  where  his  energy 
and  natural   talent  for  newspaper  work  at  once 


became  manifest.  In  18S0,  in  connection  with 
Thomas  W.  Prosch,  he  purchased  the  paper  and 
for  two  years  it  was  most  successfuly  conducted. 
Under  their  management,  with  Mr.  Crawford 
at  the  head  of  the  local  department,  this  journal 
assumed  the  first  place  in  AVashington  Territory 
journalism.  It  was  at  the  most  trying  period 
of  its  existence,  and  the  success  attained  was 
largely  due  to  Mr.  Crawford's  tireless  activity 
and  well  directed  efforts  in  its  behalf.  Mr. 
Crawford  continued  as  joint  proprietor  until  the 
paper  was  consolidated  with  the  Post,  as  the 
Post-Intelligencer,  when  he  sold  his  interest, 
l)nt  remained  in  charge  of  the  news  department 
until  November,  1888.  It  was  while  serving 
in  this  responsible  and  arduous  position  that 
Mr.  Crawford  performed  not  only  a  highly 
appreciated  work  in  behalf  of  the  paper,  but 
acquired  an  enviable  reputation  for  integrity 
and  business  ability,  and  became  one  of  the  best 
known  characters  in  Washington  Territory. 
Upon  retiring  from  newspaper  work  Mr.  Craw- 
ford, in  connection  with  Charles  T.  Conover, 
who  had  also  been  employed  upon  the  Post- 
Intelligencer,  formed  a  co-partnership  in  the 
real-estate  business.  Both  of  them  being  thor- 
oughly known  and  of  the  highest  standing  in 
the  commercial  community,  their  success  was 
not  only  instantaneous,  but  they  at  once  stepped 
to  a  foremost  place  among  the  real-estate  firms 
of  the  city,  their  transactions  for  the  first  year 
aggregating  $1,250,000.  Their  success  can  be 
easily  accounted  for.  They  determined  upon 
a  course  of  action  which  they  have  persistently 
followed,  and  that  was  to  handle  nothing  but 
strictly  inside  and  business  property;  to  conduct 
their  business  as  other  lines  of  trade  are  con- 
ducted, and  to  eschew  everything  which  savored 
of  the  methods  which  have  brought  the  real- 
estate  business  into  disrepute  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  The  result  was  that  they  quickly 
gained  the  absolute  confidence  of  the  people 
and  have  been  entrusted  with  many  of  the  most 
important  real-estate  transactions  ever  consum- 
mated in  this  pai-t  of  the  countPy.  It  is  also  a 
fact  that  the  members  of  no  firm  have  done 
more  to  elevate  and  give  an  honorable  tone  to 
business  in  whicli  they  are  engaged,  a  business 
which  has  suffered  perhaps  more  than  any  other 
through  disreputable  practice  of  dishonest  men. 
They  have  spent  large  sums  of  money  in  ad- 
vertising the  advantages  of  Seattle  and  the 
resources  of  Washington,  and  to  them  is  accred- 
ited the  appropriate  appellation  of  "  The  Ever- 


IIISTOltY    OF    WASIIINGTUN. 


green  State,"  which  was  first  used  in  their 
descriptive  catalogue  published  in  January, 
1890.  Their  work  in  this  direction  has  iiad  a 
far-reaching  effect  in  attracting  capital  and 
aiding  in  the  development  of  this  section  of  the 
country.  lu  this  regard,  as  well  as  in  hearty  co- 
operation with  all  honoral)le  means  to  advance 
the  good  of  Seattle,  tiiey  are  always  foremost. 

Mr.  Crawford  is  not  only  a  hard  worker  but 
a  njan  of  line  business  capacity,  llis  life  from 
early  boyhood  has  been  one  of  incessant  activity, 
and  in  every  jwsition  in  which  fortune  has 
placed  him  he  has  most  admirably  discharged 
every  obligation  placed  upon  him.  His  faith 
in  the  city  of  liis  home  and  his  steadfast  loyalty 
to  its  interests  have  ever  been  marked  in  his 
career,  and  no  one  has  more  willingly  devoted  a 
part  of  his  time  and  means  to  advance  its  material 
welfare.  The  substantial  success  which  has 
rewarded  his  effort  in  business  has  placed  hijn, 
while  young  in  years,  in  atfiuent  circumstances 
and  broadened  his  opportunities  to  still  further 
contribute  to  the  good  of  the  community  in 
which  his  lot  is  cast.  As  one  of  the  native  sons 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  he  has  reflected  honor  upon 
his  sturdy  ancestors  who  braved  all  the  dangers 
and  suffered  all  the  privations  of  the  remote 
West  to  make  possible  the  rich  inheritance  of 
their  posterity. 

Mr.  Crawford  was  married  April  30,  1890, 
to  the  youngest  daughter  of  Dr.  M.  F.  Clayton, 
of  Sacramento,  California.  The  only  child  of 
his  wife  by  a  former  marriage,  a  son  of  ten 
years,  is  not  only  a  loved  and  clierished  member 
of  his  family  but  will  be  henceforth  known  as 
Frank  Clayton  Crawford. 

d[  C.  DIERINGEi;,  the  leading  man  in  the 
new  town  of  Dieriiiger,  Washington,  was 
--     born   March   12,  1851,  twenty  miles   from 
Canton,  Ohio. 

Mr.  Dieringer  is  truly  a  self-made  man.  He 
began  life  on  his  own  responsibility  when  he 
was  eleven  years  old,  working  to  support  him- 
self during  the  summer  and  attending  school 
during  the  winter.  He  was  employed  as  clerk 
in  a  general  merchandise  store  for  three  years 
prior  to  moving  to  Madison,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  clerked  in  a  liotel  for  a  year  and  a  half.  At 
Madison  he  attended  the  AVisconsin  University 
for  three  years,  and  was  a  student  in  the  Wprth- 


erton  Business  College  tliree  years.  He  was 
employed  in  railroad  work  for  the  Wisconsin 
Central  one  year,  as  a  meml)er  of  a  surveying 
party,  and  after  that  went  to  northern  Wiscon- 
sin to  work  in  tiie  pineries.  He  assisted  in 
taking  several  fleets  of  lumber  down  the  Missis- 
sippi to  St.  Louis,  being  employed  for  two  years 
as  superintendent  of  the  C.  J.  L.  Meyers  Lum- 
ber Co.  After  that  he  turned  his  attention  to 
the  boot  and  shoe  business,  being  employed  as 
traveling  salesman  for  the  wholesale  firm  of 
Meisner  Bros.,  and  after  traveling  for  some  time 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes, 
witii  a  capital  of  about  $7,000.  Owing,  however, 
to  the  great  depression  in  money  matters 
throughout  the  State  about  that  time,  he  was 
obliged  to  close  his  business,  and  again  we  find 
him  in  railroad  employ.  He  was  civil  engineer 
for  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad, 
and  afterward  for  the  Denver  &  itio  Grande 
Railroad,  being  employed  by  the  latter  company 
from  1880  till  1882.  Li  1882,  accompanied  l)y 
his  wife,  he  went  back  to  Wisconsin,  and  that 
same  year  came  to  Tacoma,  Washington,  he 
being  in  the  employ  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company.  While  working  for  the  com- 
pany, he  located  on  160  acres  of  land  in  Stuck 
valley,  but  he  was  obliged  to  enter  contest  in 
order  to  get  the  land,  which  was  first  filed  on  by  H. 
Dagget.  Mr.  Dagget  vacated  and  then  AV^iiliam 
Spinning  commenced  contest.  After  much  liti- 
gation, three  decisions  have  been  rendered:  the 
case  was  finally  settled  February  6,  1806.  In 
July  of  that  year  Mr.  Dieringer  moved  on  to  his 
farm,  and  has  since  devoted  his  time  and  ener- 
gies to  its  improvement  and  cultivation.  He 
has  cleared  160  acres  and  tiled  the  same,  having 
put  in  313,600  feet  of  tile,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$9,000.  He  has  ten  acres  in  hops,  ten  acres  in 
orchard  and  small  fruit,  and  the  rest  is  devoted 
hay  and  grain.  He  has  about  forty-five  milch 
cows,  fifteen  horses,  seventy-five  sheep  and  si.Kty 
hogs,  and  his  farm  is  well  equip|)e(l  with  all  the 
necess;irv  iiiiplniif iits  ami  cm vi'iiieiicci.  He  has 
a  hu],  kiln  :{-i  X  CI)  IVct.  .umI  a  liain  10x80  feet, 
and  anotlii-r  ilDxlid  leet.  .\-  showing  the  fer- 
tility of  his  soil  we  give  the  yield  per  acre  of  his 
crops:  Potatoes,  350  bushels;  hay,  three  and 
one-half  tons;  hops,  one  and  two-thirds  tons  per 
acre.  Mr.  Dieringer  runs  a  general  store,  has 
charge  of  the  railroad  station,  and  is  also  Post- 
master at  Dieringer,  having  been  appointed 
Postmaster  by  President  Cleveland.  Since  1S92 
he  has  also  been  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Dieringer  was  married  Axigust  6,  1877, 
to  Ann  B.  Schmitking,  of  Milwaukee,  "Wiscon- 
sin. They  have  two  daughters  and  one  son, — 
Josepliine  and  Grace,  and  Andrew  M. 

It  should  be  further  stated  that  Andrew  Die- 
ringer, the  father  of  our  subject,  is  of  German 
birth,  is  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  and  is  now  living 
on  a  farm.  In  1854  he  settled  in  Fond  du  Lac 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  took  a  homestead 
claim  to  320  acres  of  timber  land,  cleared  the 
same  and  put  it  under  cultivation,  and  still  re- 
sides on  the  old  homestead.  Mrs.  Dieringer, 
the  wife  of  our  subject,  is  also  of  German 
birth. 

GHATiLES  E.  MOKEIS,  Treasurer  of 
Klickitat  county,  Washington,  is  one  of 
the  most  capable  ofKcials,  and  is  in  every 
way  worthy  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  him. 
Following  is  a  brief  sketch  of  his  personal 
career:  He  was  born  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin, 
January  3,  1850.  a  son  of  Eliam  and  Siisan 
(Good)  Morris.  During  his  infancy  he  was 
brought  by  his  parents  across  the  plains  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  a  settlement  was  made  at 
North  Yam  Hill,  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon, 
which  has  since  been  the  family  home.  Here 
Charles  E.  grew  to  maturity,  receiving  his  edu- 
cation at  the  common  schools,  and  a  thoiough 
training  it;  all  the  details  of  agriculture.  He 
remained  upon  his  father's  farm  until  1879,  and 
then  started  out  to  seek  his  own  fortune,  buoyed 
by  the  hopes  and  anticipations  that  happily 
are  always  the  accompaniment  of  inexperienced 
youth. 

After  spending  a  short  time  in  Heppner, 
Oregon,  Mr.  Morris  came  to  Goldendale,  Klicki- 
tat county,  Washington,  and  began  the  mastery 
of  a  trade,  which  he  followed  with  marked  suc- 
cess, serving  an  apprenticeshij)  with  A.  C.  Hall, 
a  well-known  blacksmith.  He  bought  the  busi- 
ness at  the  end  of  two  years,  carrying  it  on  alone 
until  1892. 

In  September  of  the  year  just  mentioned  he 
was  nominated,  in  the  convention  of  the  People's 
party,  candidate  for  the  office  of  Treasui-er  of 
Klickitat  county,  and  carried  the  election  the 
following  November.  His  administration  has 
been  one  reflecting  credit  upon  hiinpelf  and 
justifying  the  choice  of  his  constituency.  Mr. 
Morris  is  a  member  of  Klickitat  Lodge,  No. 
127,  Modern  Woodmen  of  the  World,  and  is 
Master  Workman  of  the  local  lodge,  A.  O.  \J .  W. 


He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Oregon,  Feb- 
urary  9,  1872,  to  Miss  Susan  Gaunt,  who  was 
born  in  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon,  a  daughter 
of  Haines  and  Emily  (West)  .Gaunt.  Her  par- 
ents were  pioneers  of  Oregon,  having  settled 
there  early  in  the  '50s.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris 
have  four  children:  Charles,  Stella,  Harry  and 
Iiuphus. 

dlOHN  SPENCEE,  one  of  the  pioneer 
plumbers  of  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in 
West  Derby,  near  Liverpool,  England, 
January  8,  1833,  descended  from  English  an- 
cestry, who  for  generations  had  been  connected 
with  the  plumbing  business.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  years  he  began  learning  his  trade, 
which  in  the  old  country  combined  phnnbing, 
painting  and  glazing,  a!id  after  an  apprentice- 
ship of  five  years  he  became  a  finished  and 
scientific  workman.  In  1851  he  emigrated  to 
the  Uiiiled  States  and  entered  the  employ  of 
Joim  Hudson,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  a  repre- 
sentative plumber  of  that  city,  and  with  him 
remained  until  1852,  When  Hudson  decided  to 
come  to  California,  and,  as  young  Spencer  was 
the  most  competent  of  his  several  workmen,  he 
decided  to  bring  John  to  the  coast.  Hudson 
then  started  by  the  Panama  route,  while  John 
made  the  passage  by  rounding  Cape  Horn,  upon 
the  good  ship  Eliza  Mallory,  and  after  a  voyage 
of  five  months  landed  in  San  Francisco,  October 
20,  1852.  Hudson  then  started  a  shop  in  San 
Francisco  and  our  subject  was  his  right-hand 
man.  There  was  no  plumbing  in  that  early  day, 
the  work  being  chiefly  connected  with  engines 
and  pumps.  During  the  winter  they  fitted  the 
first  gas  pipes  in  the  city,  at  Austin's  dry-goods 
store,  Lawrence  street.  As  jobs  were  unfre- 
qnent,  and  the  life  of  the  city  very  gay  and  expen- 
sive, young  Spencer  soon  exhausted  his  small 
capital,  and,  in  the  spring  of  1853,  with  a  few 
companions,  decided  to  come  to  Puget  Sound. 
Tl)ey  accomplished  their  plan  by  working  their 
passage  upon  a  sailing  vessel.  The  schooner 
Dameriscove  duly  arriving  at  Steilacoom  the 
boys  then  contracted  with  the  captain  to  load 
the  vessel  with  lumber  at  Crosby's  mill  at 
Tumwater,  and  this  work  being  accomplished 
their  cash  capital  was  increased.  They  then 
organized  a  gold  expedition  to  the  Olympic 
mountains,  traveling  by  canoe  across  the  Sound 
and  up  the  Dacqueboose  river.     This  trip  was 


BISTORT    OF     WASHTNOTON. 


made  midst  great  danger  from  the  Indians. 
They,  liowever,  returned  with  fair  prospects, 
but  with  insufficient  machinery  the  claim  was 
never  successfully  developed.  Our  subject  then 
engaged  as  cook  in  a  logging  camp  at  Port  Dis- 
ci )veiy  at  $20  per  month,  but  was  soon  after 
]iniiii(ited  to  "axmati"at  better  wages,  and 
subsequently  became  a  partner  in  the  business. 
He  then  purchased  a  half  interest  with  Ben 
Gibbs,  in  the  "Clallam-Bell,"  a  five-ton  center- 
board  sloop,  and  did  a  general  jobbing  business 
about  the  Sound,  making  regular  trips  l)etween 
Olympia  and  Dungeness,  carrying  jiassengers, 
nuiil,  freight,  etc.  This  business  was  continued 
very  profitably  about  one  year,  but  being  in 
opposition  to  the  Hudeon's  Bay  Company,  with 
no  protection,  it  became  very  dangerous,  and  in 
1855  Mr.  Spencer  retired  from  the  business. 
He  then  decided  to  return  to  England  to  visit 
his  parents,  making  the  trip  to  San  Francisco 
l)y  sailing  vessel.  The  attractions  of  that  city 
soon  exhausted  his  savings,  and  he  engaged  at 
his  trade  at  $8  per  day  to  go  to  Peru,  and  there 
worked  about  eight  months,  when  he  tired  of 
the  country  and  took  passage  on  ship  Wonata 
for  London.  After  a  pleasant  visit  with  his 
family  and  associates,  he  sail  for  Melbourne, 
Australia,  and  immeiliately  found  work  at  his 
trade  at  good  wages,  and  for  seven  months  was 
engaged  upon  the  roiif  of  the  Parliament  build- 
ings. 

In  1857  he  returned  to  England,  and  was 
married  in  Liverpool,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Jane 
Prouse,  remaining  in  that  city  up  to  1862. 
Wages  were  low  and  no  opportunities  were 
offered  for  elevating  the  mechanic,  and  he  was 
impressed  with  a  desire  to  return  to  Puget 
Sound.  This  he  accomplished  in  1862  by  pay 
ing  one-half  of  passage  and  assisting  the  stew- 
ard for  balance  of  pay.  He  landed  in  Victoria, 
British  Columbia,  in  August  of  the  same  year, 
with  l)ut  .$3.50  in  his  pocket  and  no  friends  in 
the  country.  Work  was  plentiful  and  he  soon 
secured  a  contract,  which,  being  snccessf'nlly 
carried  out,  made  for  him  both  friends  and  a 
reputation.  He  opened  a  shop  and  soon  became 
the  leading  plumber  of  that  city.  In  1864  he 
sent  tVir  his  family,  and  continued  his  business 
in  Victoria  until  1870,  when  he  removed  to 
Stockton.  California,  and  operated  a  shop  for 
twelve  months,  then  removed  to  Oakland  and 
conducted  the  leading  business  of  that  city  up 
to  April,  1882.  He  then  returned  to  the  Sound 
country  and   located    in    Seattje,     He    brought 


stock  from  Oakland  and  immediately  opened 
a  shop,  which  he  successfully  conducted  up  to 
the  great  fire  of  June,  1889,  when  he  was  burned 
out  and  then  retired  from  business,  having  so 
invested  his  earnings  from  time  to  time  as  to 
afford  him  a  comfortable  competency. 

In  1890,  after  an  absence  of  twenty-eight 
years,  he  and  wife  returned  to  the  old  country, 
and  made  a  delightful  visit  amongst  the  scenes 
of  childhood.  Returning  to  Seattle  he  began 
improving  his  property  for  business  and  resi- 
dence purposes,  and  is  now  occupied  in  looking 
after  his  several  interests. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spencer  have  seven  children, 
all  of  whom  have  reached  maturity:  John  W., 
Elizabeth  M.,  now  Mrs.  J.  H.  Swyney;  Louisa 
I.,  now  Mrs.  R.  C.  Portway;  Robert  P.,  Mary 
A.,  Samuel  G.  and  Charles  M. 

Thus  briefly  have  we  related  some  of  the 
trials  of  the  I'acitic  coast  pioneer,  who  has  lived 
upon  dried  salmon  and  potatoes,  clams,  fish, 
etc.,  lias  made  his  own  clothes  from  flour  sacks 
and  blankets,  and  who  yet  says  that  he  has 
"never  seen  any  very  hard  times."  His  in- 
domitable will  and  energy  have  enabled  liim  to 
overcome  all  obstacles,  and  hopefulness  ever 
changed  the  shadows  of  life  into  rays  of  joy 
and  brightness. 


W.  ARNOLD,  one  of  the  most  intelli- 
gent agriculturists  of  Whidby  isLmd, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  liorn  November  10,  1880, 
and  a  son  of  J.  B.  and  Harriet  (Botsfoi-d)  Ar- 
nold; the  father  was  born  in  the  year  1800,  and 
died  in  1892;  the  mother  was  born  in  1806,  and 
lived  until  1891;  both  were  residing  in  Indiana 
at  the  time  of  death.  When  A.  W.  Arnold  was 
one  year  old  his  parents  removed  from  Cayuga 
to  Orleans  county.  New  York,  and  thence  to 
the  State  of  Indiana  in  1849;  he  lived  on  the 
farm  in  Indiana  for  two  years,  and  then  con- 
cluded to  leave  the  Hoofier  State  with  all  its 
attractions  for  the  Pacific  coast.  In  November, 
1851,  he  went  to  New  York  and  set  sail  from 
that  port  for  Aspinwall,  crossing  the  Isthmus 
he  again  set  sail,  and  was  out  seventy-nine  days 
before  San  Francisco  was  reached;  and  the  crew 
and  passengers  w'ere  near  starvation  before  land 
appeared . 

Mr.  Arnold  engaged  in   mining  in   southern 
California,  and  continued  his    search  for  goM 


HISTOUT    OF    WASUINOTON. 


until  1857,  when  be  came  to  Puget  Sound  and 
located  at  Port  Madison;  here  lie  turned  bis  at- 
tention to  tbe  lumber  aud  milling  business,  but 
tbe  following  year  tbe  Fraser  river  gold  excite- 
ment led  bim  to  British  Columbia;  lie  pros- 
pected a  few  weeks,  and  then  returned  to  the 
Sound,  where  be  laid  in  a  supply  of  tools  and 
provisions.  Returning  to  the  mines  he  worked 
tbere  one  season;  and  then  came  back  to  tbe 
Port  Madison  mills;  at  tbe  end  of  twelve 
months  he  went  to  the  Port  Discovery  mills, 
•where  be  remained  tliree  years.  In  1863  he 
went  to  AVbidby  island  in  quest  of  a  new  occu- 
pation; he  bought  a  farm  wbicli  he  cultivated 
for  a  short  time,  aud  tben  purcbased  an  interest 
in  a  Ush-canning  establishment,  which  he  helped 
to  operate  on  Clallaii  bay;  disposing  of  this  in- 
terest he  returned  to  tbe  island  and  engaged  in 
farming. 

On  May  3,  1865,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Pbebe  A.  Carlton,  a  native  of  JMew  England, 
born  March  16,  1842.  Eight  children  were 
born  in  tbe  family  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arnold: 
Lizzie,  J.  C,  Mary,  H.  !>.,  F.  E.,  B.  A.,  Lillian 
H.  and  Pbebe  A. 

About  187-4  Mr.  Arndbl  maile  a  trip  to  tbe 
East,  traveling  extensively  in  that  part  of  the 
country.  He  has  been  a  prolific  writer  upon 
tbe  subjects  of  agriculture  and  horticulture,  aud 
has  been  correspondent  for  several  Eastern 
journals,  devoted  to  all  branches  of  farming.  He 
lias  also  thoronghly  investigated  tbe  resources 
of  Washington  and  lias  given  the  results  for 
publication  to  the  Post-Intelligencer  of  Seattle, 
the  Tacoma  Ledger,  tbe  Penman's  Gazette  of 
Xew  York  city,  Iowa  Homestead,  and  various 
local  papers. 


/p^EORGE  A.  ELLSPERMAX,  County 
I  Jc  Clerk  and  Clerk  of  tbe  Superior  Court 
^^jj  of  San  Juan  county,  Washington,  was 
■^  born  in  Bethalto,  Madison  county,  Illi- 
nois, September  21,  1865.  Both  of  Mr. 
Ellsperman's  parents  were  born  in  Bavaria, 
Germany, — bis  father,  Cliarles  Elisperinan,  in 
1826,  and  his  mother,  nee  Marie  Smith,  in 
1S29.  His  father  emigrated  to  this  country 
in  1843  and  remained  a  short  time  in 
New  York,  thence  moved  to  Columbus,  Ohio, 
from  where  he  went  to  Columbia,  Illinois,  where 
he  met  his  wife  and  wliere  they  were  married, 
about  forty- five  years  ago.     They  were  among 


the  first  settlers  in  Madison  county,  locating  at 
Bethalto,  where  the  father  was  engaged  in  ex- 
tensive cooperage  business  until  tbe  panic  of 
1873.  They  had  five  children,  all  with  tbe  ex- 
ception of  George  A.  still  being  residents  of 
Illinois. 

George  A.  attended  the  high  school  in 
Bethalto,  and  by  hard  study  passed  through  it 
at  the  age  of  fourteen,  when  he  apprenticed 
himself  to  learn  the  cooper  trade  in  E.  O. 
Standard  &  Company's  shops,  completing  bis 
trade  the  following  year,  when  his  father  died, 
his  mother  having  died  in  1871.  He  followed 
his  trade  for  various  lengths  of  time  in  twenty- 
eight  of  the  L'nited  States  and  Territories, 
traveling  extensively  through  the  Northern, 
Western  and  Southern  States  until  1888,  when 
be  permantly  located  in  San  Juan  county,  Wash- 
ington. His  first  employment  here  was  witli 
the  Roche  Harbor  Lime  Works,  for  about  eight 
months,  after  which  he  spent  fourteen  months 
at  the  San  Juan  Lime  Works,  leaving  the  latter 
place  to  accept  tbe  position  of  foreman  in  the 
cooperage  department  of  tbe  Eureka  Lime 
Works,  continuing  as  such  nearly  two  years, 
until  the  plant  closed  down.  In  the  meantime 
he  pre-empted  160  acres  on  San  Juan  island, 
and  accumulated  other  valuable  property,  one 
piece  being  a  fine  prune  orchard  and  residence  in 
the  county  seat,  whicii  he  manages  to  look  after 
besides  iiis  clerk's  duties. 

On  January  2,  1892,  Mr.  Elisperinan  severed 
his  connection  with  tbe  lime  business  and  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Islander  Printing  and 
Publishing  Company,  and  on  March  1st  formed 
a  partnership  with  J.  C.  Clinton  aud  leased  the 
Islander  plant,  and  officiated  as  local  editor  of 
that  paper  until  he  accepted  the  office  of  County 
Clerk  and  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  to  which 
ofiice  be  was  elected  November  8,  1892,  on  the 
Uemocratic  ticket  in  a  strong  Republican 
county,  receiving  a  majority  of  129  votes  out  of 
712. 

Mr.  Elisperinan  fathered  Mt.  Dallas  Lodge, 
No.  95, 1.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Friday  Harbor,  and  be- 
came its  first  Noble  Grand;  was  elected  as  dele- 
gate to  tbe  Grand  Lodge  at  Walla  Walla  in 
1892,  and  to  that  at  Olympia  in  1893.  He 
with  several  others  were  instrumental  in  erect- 
ing the  I.  O.  O.  F.  hall  at  Friday  Harbor,  it 
being  the  largest  and  most  imposing  edifice  in 
tbe  place,  and  having  a  large  and  comodious 
lodge  room  in  the  second  story  and  a  public 
hall  and  opera  bouse  on  the  first  floor.  He  is  an 


/-9^  f  ««<? 


(^ 


.V  What- 

t.,   Eva 

■•'■  nn- 

k 

the     V   : 

elect*"' 

uie  are  iiiessod 
oniae,  who   was 

nue  yi'> 

he  6001 1 

Our 

1838.  t, 

enthueiaetic  lueinber  'i! 
membership  from  tlie  ! 
3'ear8  old. 

He  was  married  Ma\ 
com,  by  Hon.  Ju(ii,-( 
Viola  Gary,  who 
sas,  October  20,  i 
ma,n  are    nui 
Churcli,  ai 
witli  one 
horn  '    ' 

iMlio  M'orld  is  proud  to 

.-.  ^  ij;  to  this  day  etiidious, 

r  •:   I'  ;i  y^'r.'Uf  a  typical   American 

,    i  la  Jnne,  1893,  he  was  unanimously 

fleitod  School  Olej-k  of  the  Friday.  Harbor 
scliool  district,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the 
citizens  irpespective  of  party  or  politics. 


K  THOMAS  MER(3ER,  one  of  tlie 
Iving  pioneers   who  were    identified 


V,;^t.,.v  of  Seatt 


ill  Ait;;w. 
the  eldest 

M,M-.',.r.  ;l- 


til  ring,  woolen    > 

operated  his  own  , 

number  of  years.      In  J-  hoimMih.: 

?ioneer   settlers  at    Fn  ,i   county, 

Uinois,  and  there  spent  1  ,  (fhislite. 

Fourteen  children  were  Ijoin  ui  ilii.^  marriage 
and  six  of  the  nninUer  are  still  li^■jng,  Thomas 
being  the  first  born.  His  education  was  chiefly 
in  the  <chool  of  necessity,  as  labor  was  the  chief 
,..(•111  ii>.  li  f>f  the  pioneer,  and  in  the  noble 
ail.  '  iidge  Mercer  has  been  arrayed 

He  was  a  bright,    active 
thniiatif^:    nnd     nirchaiiicnl 


iiPc  and  operated    the   ia^  ' 
the  family    removed    to  ! 
■  •  •      ■  ■       In    183(5  yoi..,^ 
L,  old,  log  cabin 
-e  he  prosecuteil 
.'■■i.^'t  ii  iiif-u  because  of  ;': 
He  then    retn' 


th'.   . 

M-ork.      lli.- 

m 

of  his  father. 

ai 

Mild  rcc.--niz 

v\ 

nips 


I  en  lie 


for 


close  confinenieiit  entailed. 

to  agricuUiiral  life. ' 


ctive  part  in  the  division 
id    the    organization  of 
oidental  to  his  efforts  in 
ig  different  localities,  he 
)y  rapid  driving.      With 
le  new    county,    he  was 
Clerk,  but  as    the  reve- 
enty-tive  cents    per  day 
ofhce  to  other  parties, 
irried     in   Princeton,    in 
I'igham,  a  native  of  New 
I..  :')••,    ;ontinued  farming  up  to 
<il  '         ,  settled    up  his  affairs, 
;;  h  his  wife  and  four  chil- 

hoine,   and    with    horse 
t  ins  to    Oregon.      In  the 

r  Ilorton  and    William 
'  ittle.     The  usual  adven- 

by   the  emigrants,  but 
until    they    readied    the 
•cer  was  taken    sick,  and 
at  viu-    I  a,:;  :  passcd  ou    to    the    other 

world,  leaving    a   bereaved    husband    and  four 
-nial!  cliiii'ron,  the  eldest  being  not  quite    four- 
Id.       The   following    winter     was 
'1     whf're  Mr.  Mercer  purchased 
blacksmith    shop    and 
to  eleven   p.   m.      Flour 
larrel  and  all  other  pro- 
In  the  summer  of  1858 
ones  to  Fuget  Sound, 
the    Cowlitz    river    and 
!:;(-■■:     ■  ,pia,   the  trail   being  al- 

in  Oiyinpia  he  drove  to 
jy  boat  to  Seattle,  arriv- 
1853.  He  took  up  a 
joining  that  of  U.  T. 
is  now  within  the  city 
the  primitive  town  the 
lich  had  transported  him 
s,  and  his  was  the  first 
to\vii.  His  claim  being 
water,  the  young  men 
hiin  in  cutting  a  trail 
vagon  to  pass  through 
a  number  of  years  he 
■  town.  In  1854  he  built 
lumlier  from  Yesler's 
somewhat  open  to  the 
orded  protection  and  was 
of  his  claim,  being  bot- 
ired,  and  the  second  year 
nd  vegetables,  snlficient 
ly  and"  stock.     Mr,  Mer- 


"J^^ 


meet   n  - 
Steila.H.n.: 
ing  here    An, 
claim  of  150 
Denny,   ai^ 
limits 
same  r. 


i 


n I  STORY    OF    W.VSIIINGTON. 


cer  was  a  hard  worker  and  was  progressive  in 
his  ideas,  and  soon  became  the  leading  farmer 
of  the  community. 

For  seven  years  he  was  motlier,  father  and 
protector  to  his  family  of  little  ones,  all  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity,  and  three  of  whom  are  still 
living:  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Henry  Parsons;  Susan, 
wife  of  David  Graham;  Alice,  wife  of  Clarence 
B.  Baglej. 

In  1859,  Mr.  Mercer  was  married,  in  Salem, 
Oregon,  to  Miss  Loretta  H.  AVard,  of  Kentucky, 
daughter  of  Jesse  Ward,  a  pioneer  of  1853;  and 
returning  to  Seattle  he  continued  his  agricul- 
tural life. 

With  the  organization  of  King  county,  in 
1854,  Mr.  Mercer  was  appointed  one  of  the  first 
Commissioners,  and  in  1858  he  was  elected  Pro- 
bate Judge  and  held  the  position  for  ten  con- 
secutive years.  With  the  increased  settlement 
of  the  town  and  demand  for  residence  property, 
Mr.  Mercer  platted  the  town  of  Eden  and  later 
that  of  West  Seattle,  from  the  sales  of  which 
he  has  idealized  a  considerable  fortune.  He 
still  retains  a  part  of  his  original  claim,  which 
has  increased  to  a  value  far  beyond  his  fondest 
dreams.  It  fell  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  Mercer  to 
name  those  beautiful  lakes  now  the  pride  of 
Seattle.  In  an  address  delivered  at  a  picnic 
in  1854  he  suggested  that  the  greater  be  called 
Lake  Washington,  after  the  father  of  our  coun- 
try, and  the  lesser  be  called  Union,  as  the 
probable  future  connection  between  the  two 
great  salt  and  fresh  water  bodies. 

In  1883,  he  built  his  present  commodious 
residence  overlooking  the  modest  cottage  which 
was  built  in  1854,  and  which  he  still  cherishes 
as  a  relic  of  the  past.  The  home  also  commands 
a  view  of  the  great  city  which  he  has  so  mate- 
rially aided  in  developing.  He  has  always  been 
an  enthusiastic  believer  in  Seattle's  destiny  as 
the  metropolis  of  the  great  Northwest,  and 
upon  every  occasion  has  done  his  share  to 
promote  the  city's  good.  His  life  has  been 
a  quiet  and  peaceful  one,  guided  by  a  high 
sense  of  honor,  and  his  present  prosperity  is 
chiefly  enjoyed  because  of  the  possibilities  of 
increasing  Fiis  charities  and  deeds  of  benevo- 
lence. 


r^^ 


dl   A.  BAILLAPtGEON,    proprietor  of  the 
Lace  House,  in  Seattle,  and  one  of  the  en- 
terprising   and     successful    merchants    of 
the  Queen  City,  was  born  in   Quebec,   Canada, 


in  February,  1856,  descended  from  French  an- 
cestry. His  father,  who  was  a  mechanic  of 
great  ability  and  an  enterprising  contractor,  wfis 
attracted  by  the  marvelous  growth  of  Chicago, 
and  moved  there  with  his  family  in  1867,  where 
he  established  a  fine  plant  for  working  hard 
M'oods  for  inside  finishing,  etc.,  now  carried  on 
by  two  brothers  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

After  attending  the  public  schools  of  Chicago 
Mr.  Baillargeon  of  this  sketch  entered  upon  his 
business  career,  in  his  thirteenth  year,  in  a  re- 
tail dry-goods  store  iu  Chicago,  at  the  same 
time  attending  the  night  schools  of  that  city, 
subsequently  completing  a  commercial  course 
at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Business  College.  By 
perseverance  and  due  diligence  he  passed 
through  the  several  grades  of  clerkship  until  he 
became  salesman  of  one  of  the  leading  estab- 
lishments of  that  city. 

In  1878,  with  the  enthusiasm  of  youth  and 
desiring  the  greater  opportunities  of  a  newer 
country,  he  removed  to  California  and  spent 
four  years  as  salesman  in  the  leading  dry-goods 
stores  of  San  Francisco.  In  1882  he  entered 
the  employ  of  Schwabacher  Brothers,  and  came 
to  Seattle  to  take  charge  of  their  dress- goods 
department.  In  1883  he  engaged  with  Will- 
iam P.  Boyd  for  one  year,  and  in  1884  formed 
the  copartnership  of  La  Tour  ct  Co.,  and  opened 
a  store  for  the  sale  of  fancy  dry-goods.  This 
business  was  commenced  in  a  very  small  way, 
but  by  enterprising,  intelligent  management 
was  vigorously  pushed  to  a  successful  issue,  and 
continued  for  three  and  a  half  years,  when  Mr. 
Baillargeon  sold  his  interest  and  retired  from 
the  firm.  He  then  opened  the  Lace  House  in 
the  Union  Block,  dealing  oidy  in  the  finer  qual- 
ities of  dry  goods  and  ladies'  furnishings, -and 
conducted  a  very  extensive  business  up  to  the 
great  fire  of  June  6,  1889,  when  his  entire 
stock  was  destroyed,  involving  a  total  loss  of 
§55,000.  He  immediately  resumed  business  in 
a  large  tent  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Second 
and  James  streets,  during  the  construction  of 
the  Occidental  Block,  and  removed  thereto  on 
June  6,  1890,  thus  celebrating  the  anniversary 
of  the  great  fire.  His  store  now  covers  an 
area  of  60  x  90  feet,  with  basement,  and  is  fitted 
up  with  the  most  improved  facilities  for  con- 
ducting a  large  business,  with  a  force  of  thirty 
employees  in  constant  attendance.  The  busi- 
ness has  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  krger 
accommodations  had  to  be  provided,  and  a 
handsome  new  building  is  iu  course  of  erection, 


HISTOItT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


591 


when  double  the  present  room  will  be  secured. 
The  building  is  across  the  street  from  the  pres- 
ent location,  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  James, 
and  is  being  built  expressly  for  the  business. 
The  house  employs  a  resident  buyer  in  New 
York  city,  with  ottice  at  No.  531  Broadway. 
His  stock  embraces  a  general  line  of  dry  goods, 
both  imported  and  domestic,  which  he  pur- 
chases direct  from  the  manufacturers  of  the 
East  and  in  Europe.  Mr.  Eaillargeon  pursued 
his  mercantile  education  witli  houses  who  con- 
ducted business  upon  a  cash  basis,  and  he  was 
an)ong  the  first  to  establish  that  system  in 
Seattle,  which  has  proven  eminently  successful, 
enabling  liim  to  buy  on  closer  margins,  and  to 
pi-ove  the  old  adage  that  "a  nimble  penny  is 
i)etter  than  a  slow  shilling."  He  accredits  his 
success  to  his  thorough  knowledge  of  every  de- 
tail of  his  business,  accompanied  with  vigilance, 
perseverance,  a  careful  study  of  human  nature, 
and  the  supplying  of  his  customers'  wants  with- 
put  selling  spurious  articles. 

He  was  married  iu  Seattle,  in  1885,  to  Miss 
Abbie,  daughter  of  John  Collins,  one  of  the 
prouiinent  citizens  of  the  State.  They  have  five 
childi'en:  Marie,  Emma,  Cebert,  John  and 
Abbie.  The  family  reside  on  the  corner  of 
Fifth  and  Harvard  streets,  where  Mr.  Baillar- 
geon  has  just  completed  a  spacious  and  elegant 
home. 


le:xani)ek  j.  anderson,  i^h.  d., 

one  of  the  prominent  educators  of  the 
Northwest,  was  born  of  Scotch  ancestry, 
at  Grey  Abbey,  Ii-eland,  November  6, 
1832.  When  he  was  but  fifteen  months  of  age 
his  parents  emigrated  to  the  United  States  and 
settled  upon  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
river,  where  his  father  engaged  in  farming. 
The  subject  of  this  review  was  educated  at  the 
in  the  public  schools  at  Lockport,  and  at  Knox 
College  at  Galesburg,  Illinois,  defraying  the  ex- 
penses of  his  education  by  personal  effort.  For 
one  year  he  maintained  himself  in  school  by 
sawing  wood,  working  in  gardens,  and  doing 
all  manner  of  odd  jobs.  For  the  balance  of  the 
course  he  forestalled  himself  by  serving  as  com- 
positor in  a  printing  oflice.  Later  on  he  en- 
gaged in  teaching  school,  inaugurating  his 
pedagogic  labor  when  about  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  Thus  completing  his  college  course,  he 
graduat;ed  in  1856.     After  one  year  as  princi- 


pal of  the  public  school  of  Lisbon,  Illinois,  he 
settled  in  Lexington,  and  there  established  a 
private  school,  which  he  conducted  successfully 
for  four  years.  He  was  then  induced  to  accept 
the  position  as  Principal  of  Fowler  Institute  at 
Newark,  Illinois, — a  school  formerly  popular, 
but  at  that  time  utterly  reduced  in  standitjg 
and  patronage.  Professor  Anderson  began  his 
work  with  but  eleven  pupils,  but,  nothing 
daunted,  he  entered  the  field  with  the  enthu- 
siasm of  past  success,  and  after  six  years  of 
labor  he  retired  from  the  institution,  which 
then  showed  an'  average  attendance  of  150 
pupils.  Returning  to  Lexington,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Superintendent  of  the  J'ublic  Schools, 
and  continued  in  that  capacity  for  two  years, 
until  1869,  when  he  was  called  to  Pacific  Grove, 
Oregon,  as  principal  of  the  academic  depart- 
ment of  Pacific  University.  Shortly  after  ar- 
rival he  was  elected  as  Professor  of  Pedagogy 
and  Mathematics,  and  remained  five  years,  re- 
signing much  against  the  wishes  of  the  faculty. 
In  1872  he  was  selected  as  one  of  four  promi- 
nent educators  of  Oregon  to  formulate  rules  and 
regulations  for  the  i;o\\.|-innciit  oi  the  schools 
of  the  State,  and  was  also  cliufcii  as  examiner  of 
teachers  for  State  eeitificates  and  life  diplomas. 
He  also  served  as  Superintendent  of  Schools 
for  Washington  county  for  one  term.  In  1874 
he  accepted  the  position  of  principal  of  the 
Central  school  in  Portland,  and  remained  two 
years.  He  also  served  one  year  as  principal  of 
the  high  school,  and  was  then  called  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Washington  Territorial  University 
at  Seattle,  and,  accepting  the  call,  removed  to 
this  city.  The  university  was  then  in  a  pros- 
trate condition,  but  by  personal  supervision, 
hard  work  and  able  management  he  restored  it 
to  a  ]30sition  of  prominence  among  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  Northwest.  After  five 
years  of  faithful  labor  he  was  obliged  to  resign 
and  remove  to  a  dryer  climate,  by  reason  of  the 
failing  health  of  his  wife.  His  re^gnation  was 
viewed  with  great  regret  by  the  entire  people, 
and  as  expressive  of  their  appreciation  and 
gratitude  a  banquet  was  prepared  in  his  honor 
and  largely  attended  by  the  representative  citi- 
zens of  Seattle.  Professor  Anderson  then  re- 
moved to  Walla  Walla,  where  his  wife  found 
new  strength,  her  life  being  certainly  prolonged 
by  several  years.  The  Professor  continued  his 
educational  work  as  president  of  the  Whitman 
Seminary, — another  broken-down  institution, — 
for  which  he  solicited  subscriptions  in  this  State 


HI8T0RT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


and  the  East,  and  thus  placed  it  upon 


prov 


financial    basis   and   also    increased  the 


attendance  to  200  pupils.  After  tlje  first  year 
the  name  was  changed  to  Whitman  College  by 
special  charter  granted  by  the  Legislature,  and 
he  continued  as  President  for  nine  years,  when 
his  own  health  became  much  impaired  and  he 
was  obliged  to  retire  from  active  labor. 

He  was  married  in  Morris,  Illinois,  in  1857, 
to  Miss  Louise  M.  Phelps,  of  that  State.  She 
died  at  Walla  Walla,  September  22,  1889, 
leaving  six  children:  Charles  M.,  civil  engineer 
in  Seattle;  Oliver  P.,  civil  engineer,  draughts- 
man and  an  extensive  publisher  of  maps  and 
blue  prints  in  Seattle;  Louis  F. ;  A.  M.,  pro- 
fessor of  Greek  and  Latin  in  "Whitman  College; 
Alexander  J.,  Jr.,  a  real-estate  and  loan  agent, 
who  died  December  19,  1892;  Eev.  George  P., 
of  the  Congregational  Church,  graduate  of 
Whitman  College  and  Yale  Divinity  School; 
and  Helen  H. 

In  July,  1892,  Professor  Anderson  returned 
to  Seattle,  and  is  now  engaged  as  editor  of  the 
Northwest  Journal  of  Education,  as,  after  an 
experience  of  nearly  forty  years  in  educational 
-work,  he  finds  it  difficult  to  retire  from  that 
line  of  labor.  His  acquaintance  is  extensive 
throughout  the  Northwest,  and  the  graduates 
from  his  schools  are  found  in  every  town  and 
hamlet. 


LEONARD    DILLEPt,    proprietor    of   the 
I   Hotel   Diller  at    Seattle,  was   born  near 
i   Dayton,  Ohio,   October   26,   1839.     His 

parents,  Joseph  and  May  Diller,  were  natives 
of  France  and  Germany,  and  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  about  1834,  locating  in  Kentucky. 
A  millwright  1)y  trade,  he  erected  the  first  flour 
and  saw  mills  at  Louisville,  and  subsequently 
settled  in  Ohio.  In  1846  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California^  and  spent  one  year  in  mining  in 
California  and  southern  Oregon;  then  return- 
ing to  his  trade  he  built  gristmills  on  Rogue 
and  Bear  rivers,  and  in  1853  built  the  mills  at 
Tumwatfir,  Washington.  His  family  came  to 
the  coast  in  1854,  by  the  Panama  route,  and 
joined  Mr.  Diller  in  Oregon,  and  they  then 
settled  in  Benton  county,  where  Mr.  Diller  con- 
tinned  his  trade  and  also  engaged  in  farming. 
Leonard  Diller  received  his  early  education 
at  Ottawa,  Illinois,  but  at  the  age  of  thirteen 
years  struck  out  for  self-support,  and  in  the  fall 


of  1853  he  started  for  the  Pacific  coast.  From 
New  York  he  embarked  by  the  steamship  Illi- 
nois for  Aspinwall,  crossed  the  isthmus  to  Pan- 
ama, and  thence  by  the  Golden  Gate  to  San 
Francisco,  with  about  1,200  passengers.  Jour- 
neying northward  the  steamer  broke  her  shaft, 
and  after  drifting  a  number  of  days  repairs 
were  completed  and  they  ran  into  San  Diego, 
but  upon  leaving  that  port  they  ran  ashore  and 
the  vessel  was  partially  destroyed,  though  no 
lives  were  lost.  Mi-.  Diller  i-e-shipped  on  the 
Goliah  and  landed  in  San  Francisco  on  the  24th 
of  January,  1854,  thence  on  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, arriving  in  February. 

He  began  work  in  the  grocery  store  and 
bakery  of  Strong,  Pittock  &  Co.,  and  learned 
the  business,  remaining  till  1861;  then  went  to 
the  Dalles,  Oregon,  as  manager  of  the  store  and 
bakery  of  Keagle  tt  Mobous.  One  year  later 
he  went  to  Oregon  City  as  port  steward  of  the 
People's  Transportation  Company,  with  lioats 
running  up  the  Willamette  river. 

In  1864  Mr.  Diller  engaged  in  the  grocery 
and  bakery  business  in  Oregon  City,  and  con- 
tinued to  1870,  then  sold  out  and  entered  the 
general  merchandise  business,  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  January,  1873,  when  he  again  sold 
out,  came  to  Tacoma  and  ran  a  hotel  at  Old- 
town  until  March,  1874;  then  acted  as  Depnty 
Sheriff  to  February,  1875,  when  he  came  to  Se- 
attle and  entered  the  employ  of  Foss  &  Borst, 
proprietors  of  the  People's  Market. 

In  1877  Mr.  Diller  bought  the  Sneider  Mar- 
ket, which  he  operated  until  October,  1881,  then 
started  a  small  hotel  called  the  Esmond,  on  the 
corner  of  Commercial  and  Washington  streets. 
In  May,  1885,  he  purchased  the  stock  of  the 
Brunswick  Hotel,  corner  of  Commercial  and 
Main  streets,  a  large  three-story  building  con- 
taining fifty-six  rooms,  and  there  continued  to 


legr 


fire  of  June  6,  1889,  when  the  entire 


property  was  destroyed. 

Mr.  Diller  then  began  grading  and  building 
the  Hotel  Diller,  corner  of  Front  and  University 
streets,  having  owned  the  property  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  This  hotel  is  90  x  120  feet,  four 
stories,  brick,  and  contains  ninety-five  rooms, 
fitted  lip  with  modern  appointments,  and  was 
opened  for  business  on  the  6th  day  of  June, 
1890,  and  has  been  continued  with  a  large 
patronage. 

Mr.  Diller  was  married  at  Portland  in  1879, 
to  Miss  Minnie  Leahy,  of  Wisconsin.  They 
have  two  children,  Earley  B.  and   Lena  P.     So- 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


cially,  Mr.  Diller  affiliates  with  the  33d  degree, 
Scottish  rite,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
encampment. 

Mr.  Diller  resides  on  the  corner  of  Eighth  aiid 
Pike  streets.  His  time  and  ftttentioii  is  given 
exclnsively  to  his  hotel  business.  He  is  a  care- 
fnl,  conservative  business  man,  who,  after  select- 
ing his  occupation,  devoted  his  tijiie  to  the  one 
interest;  and  by  economy  and  perseverance  sur- 
mounted all  obstacles  and  established  a  reputa- 
tion and  a  credit  which  is  without  dispute 
among  the  business  men  of  the  Northwest. 


%®"!i)^'^^  ~ 


P)EOF.  E.  S.  INGEAHAM,  one  of  the 
representative  educators  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  Albion,  Kennebec  county,  Maine, 
in  April,  1852.  His  parents,  Samuel  and 
Almira  (Davenport)  Ingrahain,  were  natives  of 
the  same  State,  their  ancestors  being  numbered 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  New  England. 
For  many  generations  the  family  followed  agri- 
culture, but  Samuel  Ingraham  digressed  from 
that  occupation  and  took  to  the  sea,  sailing  as 
master    mariner    for    about    twenty-tive    years. 


packet  ships  which 


His  service  was  chiefly 

sailed  from  the  Kennebec  river  and  conducted 
a  general  passenger  and  freight  business  along 
the  coast  to  the  West  Indies.  Being  a  man  of 
domestic  habits  and  fond  of  his  home  ties  and 
associations,  he  retired  from  the  sea  about  1840 
and  engaged  in  an  agricultural  life. 

Prot.  Ingraham,  when  a  boy,  attended  the 
pnblic  schools  of  Maine  until  his  flfteenth  year, 
and  then  entered  the  Free  Press  office  at  Rock- 
land and  learned  the  printer's  trade.  With  an 
increasing  fondness  for  a  literary  life  and  a 
higher  education,  he  entered  the  Eastern  Maine 
State  Normal  School,  and  graduated  there  in 
1871.  According  to  the  laws  of  the  State  re- 
lating to  normal  graduates,  Mr.  Ingraham  then 
began  teaching  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  the 
same  time  pursued  a  classical  course  in  the 
Waterville  Classical  Institute,  which  he  fol- 
lowed three  years,  when  his  eyes  failed  and  he 
had  to  stop  such  incessant  study. 

In  August,  1875,  he  came  to  Seattle,  where 
his  half-brother,  Andrew  Ingraham,  a  pioneer 
of  1849  to  the  coast,  then  resided.  Ten  days 
after  arriving  Prof.  Ingraham  was  offered  the 
position  of  jirincipal  of  the  central    school  and 


to  assume  charge  of  the  schools  of  the  city, 
which  then  numbered  three  buildings,  six  teach- 
ers and  about  200  pupils.  He  continued  as 
principal  of  the  central  school  for  thirteen 
years,  and  saw  the  number  of  teachers  of  the 
city  schools  increase  to  twenty-tiine  and  the 
average  attendance  to  1,700  pupils.  He  was 
elected  by  the  Republican  party  as  Superin- 
tendent of  King  County  Schools  in  1870,  and 
re-elected  in  1878  and  1880,  serving  si.\  years 
continuously.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  Su- 
perintendent of  Seattle  Public  Schools,  and 
held  the  office  five  years.  After  the  admission 
of  Washington  to  Statehood,  Prof.  Ingraham 
was  a  member  of  the  tirst  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, by  appointment  of  Governor  Elisha  P. 
Ferry. 

Prof.  Ingrahain  materially  advanced  the  edu- 
cational interests  of  Washington,  was  actively 
connected  with  State  institute  work,  and  he  was 
among  the  first  to  advocate  county  institutes  1)V 
organizing  one  in  King  county. 

In  1888  he  retired  from  educational  work 
and  shortly  after  entered  into  partnership  with 
G.  K.  Coryell,  and  established  the  printing 
house  of  Ingraham  &  Coryell.  They  publish 
the  Northwest  Journal  of  Education  and  the 
Seattle  Guide,  a  montiily  publication  of  general 
information  connected  with  the  city,  besides 
conducting  a  general  job-printing  business. 

In  February,  1886,  during  the  Chinese  riot, 
Prof.  Ingraham,  with  other  prominent  citizens 
of  Seattle,  was  sworn  in  as  Deputy  Sheriff  to 
assist  in  maintaining  order  through  the  city. 
After  the  disturbance  was  (juelled,  these  same 
gentlemiMi  nrnaniziMl  under  the  Territorial  law 
as  a  company  of  militia,  the  memliership  in- 
cluding fifty  of  Seattle's  best  known  citizens. 
This  organization  was  the  nucleus  of  Company 
E,  National  Guards  of  Washington,  which  is 
now  the  prize  company  of  the  First  Kegiment. 
In  this  company  Captain  Ingraham  served  two 
years  as  private,  one  year  as  Corporal,  one  year 
as  Sergeant,  six  months  as  Second  Lieutenant, 
and  was  elected  Captain  February  18,  1801,  for 
a  period  of  tlii-ei'  years.  He  is  an  enthusiastic 
and  maoiii'tic  leader,  and  the  company  owes 
much  of  its  pi'rscut  prosperity  to  his  unvarying 
attention  and  care.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  for  the  city  of  Seattle  one 
term,  and  in  March,  1893,  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  John  H.  McGraw  to  the  position  of 
Regent  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  and 
School  of  Science  for  a  term  of  four  years. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Captaia  Ingrabam  was  married  in  Seattle, 
in  April,  1888,  to  Miss  Myra  Carr,  a  native 
of  Oregon,  whose  parents  were  pioneers  of  the 
early  '50s.  Two  children  have  blessed  this 
union,  Norman  and  Kenneth.  The  family  re- 
side on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Leonora 
streets,  where  Prof.  Ingraham  built  in  1878. 
It  was  then  in  the  country,  hedged  in  by  tim- 
ber and  ungraded  streets. 

The  Professor  has  been  prominent  in  Masonry 
for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  instrumental 
in  having  instituted  Seattle  Chapter,  No.  3, 
R.  k.  M.,  and  sferved  as  High  Priest  for  a  num- 
ber of  terms.  He  is  Past  Eminent  Commander 
of  Seattle  Commandei-y,  No.  2;  is  a  member  of 
the  Scottish  rite,  and  a  Knight  Commander  of 
the  Court  of  Honor. 

While  the  Professor  is  a  devotee  to  business, 
he  finds  occasional  recreation  in  scaling  the 
snow  peaks  and  in  prospecting  the  mountains 
for  minerals.  He  was  a  member  of  the  third 
party  that  undertook  the  dangerous  ascent  of 
Mount  Rainier,  and  spent  one  night  in  the 
mouth  of  tiie  crater.  He  has  also  ascended 
Mount  Baker,  and  has  secured  profitable  mining 
interests  in  the  mountains.  Being  a  lover  of 
geology  and  an  admirer  of  the  grandeur  of  the 
mountain  peaks,  he  linds  every  gratification  to 
his  taste  in  the  surroundings  of  Seattle. 


^/|[RS.  MARGARET  J.  POWER,  nee 
Caldwell,  Whidby  island,  Washington, 
furnishes  yet  another  instance  of  the 
self-reliance  of  woman  and  her  capa- 
city for  those  occupations  and  commercial 
transactions  hitherto  relegated  entirely  to  man. 
Since  the  death  of  her  husband  she  has  had  .the 
immediate  supervision  of  a  large  stock  and  grain 
farm,  and  has  managed  with  an  intelligence  and 
judgment  that  would  do  any  of  her  brother 
farmers  credit.  Mrs.  Power  is  not  a  native  of 
the  United  States,  but  was  born  at  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  February  16,  1820,  a  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Jane  (Clark)  Caldwell.  Her 
parents  were  born,  reared  and  married  in  Ire- 
land, and  then  emigrated  to  America,  settling 
first  in  New  Brunswick;  thence  they  removed 
to  Flemingsburg,  Kentucky,  and  afterward  to 
Burlington,  Iowa,  there  on  the  frontier  Margaret 
J.  grew  to  womanhood,  and  was  united  in  mar- 
riage. May  22,  1844,  to  Isaac  B.  Power.     - 


Mr.  Power  was  born  in  Kentucky,  April  24, 
1812,  but  in  an  early  day  crossed  the  plains  of 
Indiana  and  Illinois  to  Iowa,  wiiere  he  resided 
until  1850.  After  his  marriage  he  lived  in 
Burlington  until  their  removal  to  the  Pacific 
coast;  he  was  engaged  in  civil  engineering  and 
was  considered  very  proficient  in  this  calling. 
Joining  three  other  families  he  and  his  wife  set 
out  on  the  long  and  weary  journey  across  the 
plains  and  after  seven  monthsof  travel  arrived  at 
the  Dalles  in  September,  1850.  They  chanced  to 
meet  some  United  States  Government  officers 
from  Vancouver,  who  hired  the  new  settlers  to 
assist  in  the  erection  of  some  buildings  at  Van- 
couver; the  party  came  down  the  Columbia 
river  in  Government  bateaux  to  Vancouver, 
where  the  men  were  employed  during  the  winter. 
In  the  spring  Mr.  Power  removpd  with  his 
family  to  the  Willamette  valley,  where  he  left 
his  wife  and  children  and  went  to  the  Rogne 
river  mines;  there  he  spent  the  summer,  and  in 
the  fall  moved  to  Bush  prairie,  where  he  resided 
until  1853.  He  was  engaged  in  farming,  lum- 
bering and  making  shingles.  His  next  journey 
was  made  upon  a  raft  and  skiff  of  his  own  con  ■ 
struction.  AVith  his  family  he  set  sail  for 
Wliidby  island,  and  arriving  there  took  a  do- 
nation claim  of  640  acres  on  the  west  side  of 
Penn's  Cove;  one  night  they  camped  near  the 
present  site  of  Seattle,  when  one  log  cabin  was 
the  only  evidence  of  civilization.  This  was  oc- 
cupied by  Dr.  C.  H.  Maynard;  Government 
troops  were  encamped  on  the  present  site  of  Port 
Townsend. 

During  the  first  few  years  of  his  residence 
there  Mr.  Power  was  engaged  in  the  great  in- 
dustry of  lumbering,  and  also  began  to  place  his 
land  under  cultivation;  it  was  not  long  before 
he  had  those  portions  best  adapted  to  grazing 
well  stocked  with  excellent  grades  of  cattle,  and 
the  balance  was  yielding  abundant  havests  of 
grain.  He  was  one  of  the  first  County  Commis- 
sioners and  held  the  office  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  April  30,  1859.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  Lodge,  No.  1,  of  Olympia,  and  as- 
sisted in  its  organization. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Power  had  six  children:  Joseph 
C,  Josephine,  Isaac  N.  (a  physician  of  Ellens- 
bnrg,  AVashington),  Maria  A.,  Henry  C.  and 
Martha  S.  With  the  exception  of  the  two  elder 
the  children  were  born  and  reared  upon  the  old 
donation  claim. 

Henry  C.  Power  was  born  April  10,  1857,  on  - 
Whidby    island,    and    there  grew   to  maturity. 


iitsTOnr  of  WAsnrNOTOjs. 


5iJ5 


He  was  married  April  3,  1889,  to  Fidelia  New- 
berry, a  native  of  Michigan,  born  in  1862;  she 
survived  but  eleven  months  after  her  marriage, 
and  died  leaving  twin  children,  Margaret  and 
Marion,  who  have  been  tenderly  cared  for  by 
their  grandmother  and  aunt.  Henry  C.  Power 
is  his  mother's  able  assistant,  giving  her  the 
suppoi-t  and  comfort  of  a  dutiful  and  capable 
son. 


d|()lJN  M.  IZETT,  of  Oak  Harbor,  Island 
county,  Washington,  was  born  December 
—  5,  1831,  being  a  native  of  Limekilns, 
Fifeshire,  Scotland,  and  the  son  of  George  and 
Harriet  (May)  Izett,  who  also  were  natives  of 
the  land  of  Uriieeand  Burns.  George  Izett  was 
born  in  1797,  and  she  who  became  his  wife  was 
born  in  1799.  They  lived  the  most  of  their  life- 
time in  Fifeshire,  but  removed  to  Granton, 
within  five  miles  of  Edinburgh,  while  our  sub- 
ject was  in  this  country.  To  them  eleven  chil- 
di'en  were  born,  and  all  lived  to  maturity.  Six 
of  the  number  are  still  living  in  Scotland,  John 
M.  being  the  only  one  of  thefan)ilyin  America. 
When  lie  attained  the  age  of  thirteen  years  he 
commenced  an  apprenticeship  as  ship  carpenter, 
under  tiie  direction  of  his  father,  who  was  a 
master  mechanic  and  foreman  ship  builder,  and 
in  the  employ  of  one  firm  in  Scotland  for  a  pe- 
riod of  twenty-tive  years.  John  M.  worked  for 
this  firm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and  then  shipped  as  carpenter  on  the  Orbona, 
bound  for  India.  For  about  twenty  months  he 
cruised  about  the  Indian  ocean,  the  "boat  putting 
in  at  various  mainland  and  island  ports.  After 
an  absence  of  two  years  he  returned  to  London, 
England,  and  in  January,  1852,  he  again  went 
to  sea  as  carpenter  on  the  bark  Moulton.  After 
being  out  for  live  months,  he  landed  in  San 
Francisco,  in  1852.  Here  he  left  the  ship  and 
for  two  years  followed  his  trade  in  California. 

In  1854  he  came  to  Fuget  Sound  and  engaged 
as  foreman  in  getting  out  piles,  square  timliers 
and  spars  for  the  firm  of  Thompson,  Campbell 
&  Grennan,  of  Utsaladdy.  However,  prior  to 
this,  he  had  started  for  the  tii'm  mentioned  a 
logging  camp  where  Utsaladdy  now  stands,  and 
another  on  the  long  point  of  Whidby  island, 
the  former  being  the  first  camp  on  Caniano 
island.  The  firm  underwent  a  change  in  mem- 
bership in  1855,  the  title  becou)ing  Grennan  & 
Cranney.    They  contracted  with  French  govern- 


ment officials  to  get  out  spars  for  vessels,  the 
same  being  eight- square  and  ready  for  finishing. 
Mr.  Izett  was  placed  in  charge  of  this  work, 
being  first  required,  however,  to  pass  an  e.xanii- 
nation  as  spar  inspector,  said  examination  being 
conducted  before  the  government  officials  sta- 
tioned at  San  Francisco. 

He  was  thus  employed  until  1857,  when  he 
went  to  San  Francisco  with  L.  Grennan,  who 
purchased  expensive  machinery  for  the  Utsa- 
laddy mills.  In  coming  np  with  the  machineryj 
on  board  the  steamship  Constitution  (Hunt  & 
Scranton  owners  and  mail  contractoi-s),  the  ves- 
sel sprung  a  leak,  and  in  order  to  save  the  pas- 
sengers, all  the  cargo,  including  Mr.  Izett's 
stock  of  goods  and  Grennan  &  Cranney's  ma- 
chinery, was  thrown  overboard.  The  pumps 
finally  refused  to  work  and  Mr.  Izett  manu- 
factured one  from  an  eight-inch  copper.  This 
provision  kept  the  vessel  afioat.  The  unfortunate 
trip  left  Mr.  Izett  with  no  financial  resources,  as 
he  had  invested  his  entire  capital  in  this  venture 
in  dry  goods.  He  had  arranged  to  transfer  the 
stock  to  Shroder  Suttler,  of  the  post  at  Port 
Townsend,  for  a  considei-ation  representing 
nearly  double  the  amount  invested.  He  held  no 
insurance  indemity  on  the  stock,  which  entailed 
an  entire  loss  of  the  property.  After  arriving 
in  the  port  the  vessel  was  repaired  and  came  to 
the  Sound  in  charge  of  Captain  Hunt  and  the 
well-known  John  Scranton  as  p)urser,  carrying 
the  mail  from  Olympiato  Victoria.  There  were 
on  board,  including  passengers  and  crew,  eighty 
individuals.  Of  this  entire  number  there  sur- 
vive, so  far  as  Mr.  Izett  is  alile  to  learn,  only 
two,  the  second  being  Dr.  N.  D.  Hill,  of  Port 
Townsend. 

Mr.  Izett  took  an  express  contract  and  went 
to  Portland,  Oregon.  His  return  trip  was  made 
overland  and  by  canoes  along  the  inland  water- 
courses. He  rode  from  Monticello  to  Olympia, 
thence  to  Steilacoom  in  canoes,  and  then  hired 
Indians  to  bring  him  to  Seattle,  and  thence  to 
Skagit  Head,  on  Whidby  island.  Here  he  met 
friends,  John  Gould  and  Mr.  Hall,  from  Tulalip, 
who  had  been  driven  from  their  homes  by  the 
Puyallup  Indians.  He  remained  in  this  place 
until  the  trouble  with  the  Itidians  had  abated, 
and  then  went  to  Penn's  Cove.  On  tliis  journey, 
which  represented  his  first  and  only  experience 
as  express  carrier,  he  carried  $5,200  in  gold  coin 
for  C.  C.  Ferry;  5^2,500  for  Yesler  and  Dr.  Will- 
iamson, of  Seattle;  $1,500  for  Louison  &  Co.,  of 
Olympia,  and  $1,200  for  Mr.  Cranney,  to  whom 


S98 


llIHTOBt    OF    XVASniNOTON. 


reference  has  hitlierto  been  made.  He  secured 
a  contract  and  joined  wiili  Grennaii  it  Cranney 
in  loading  the  bark  Palmetto  with  spars,  which 
were  thus  transported  to  China. 

In  1859,  Mr.  Izett  modeled  a  miniature  ves- 
sel (which  model  he  still  retains)  and  built  a 
sixty-four- ton  register  schooner,  known  as  the 
Growler,  for  Captain  Ed.  Barrington ;  also  spar- 
red the  schooner  Leah,  for  Captain  John  Rob- 
ertson, and  assisted  in  ship-building  for  a  number 
of  years.  In  tlie  meanwhile  he  had  i-etained 
possession  of  his  farm  on  Whidby  island,  near 
Crescent  Harbor,  and,  in  1857,  he  took  up  his 
residence  there.  He  laid  out  two  steamers  for 
the  Columbia  river  trade,  finished  one,  the  Cas- 
cade, complete.  Tlie  boat  has  been  re-christened 
and  is  now  known  as  the  Dixie  Thompson.  The 
other  vessel  was  framed  and  carried  to  Portland 
on  the  Cascade,  and  was  put  together  there.  He 
also  contracted  for  and  caulked  the  steamer  J. 
B.  Libbey,  and  sparred  the  schooner  Alaska,  and 
did  the  work  on  several  other  boats,  in  the  line 
of  sparring,  caulking  and  putting  in  pumps.  He 
tinaily  resigned  his  work  at  ship-building  and 
devoted  his  time  to  his  farm  until  1873,  when, 
just  after  completing  liis  harvest  he  had  the 
misfortune  of  having  his  barn  and  granary,  with 
all  of  his  grain  and  hay  (a  two-years  crop),  and 
all  his  tools  and  machinery,  totally  destroyed  by 
tire.  He  then  left  a  man  in  charge  at  the  farm, 
where  his  wife  and  family  also  remained,  and 
accepted  a  position  as  Government  Customs  In- 
spector, to  succeed  A.  B.  Young,  of  San  Juan 
island,  just  after  it  had  been  acquired  from  the 
British. 

He  retained  this  position  for  a  short,  time  and 
was  then  given  charge  of  the  sloop  Messenger, 
and  acted  as  cruising  Inspector,  doing  cutter 
duty  about  the  Sound  until  1876,  when  he  re- 
signed and  once  more  returned  to  his  farm  home, 
devoting  himself  to  agiicultural  pursuits  until 
1879,  when  he  was  ofi'ered  and  accepted  his  old 
position  on  San  Juan  island,  as  Inspector,  with 
increased  salary.  In  1882  he  was  made  Deputy 
Collector  and  opened  the  sub-port  of  entry  at 
Friday  Harbor;  the  office  was  eventually  moved 
to  Roche  Harbor,  on  San  Juan,  the  original 
selection  made  by  Congress.  He  held  this  po- 
sition until  the  1st  of  March,  1887,  when  he 
again  resigned  and  returned  to  his  home  and 
commenced  farming,  on  an  extensive  scale,  with 
his  second  son,  W.  F.  Izett.  In  addition  to  his 
own  farm  of  160  acres,  they  have  rented  two 
others,  John  Gould's  farm  of  320  acres,  and  has 


at  the  present  time  the  largest  grain  and  stock 
farm  on  the  island.  They  have  a  number  of 
imported  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs,  and  take  great 
pride  in  raising  iine  trotting  horses.  They  liave 
the  only  dairy  on  the  island,  have  their  own 
separator  and  other  improved  equipments,  and 
conduct  the  flourishing  enterprise  under  the 
tirm  name  of  John  M.  Izett  &  Son,  the  dairy 
being  designated  as  the  Crescent  Creamery  of 
Island  County. 

Mr.  Izett  has  served  as  County  Commissioner 
for  one  term  of  three  years,  and  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  many  years,  and  a  Notary  Public 
teu  years.  He  is  a  member  of  of  Mount  Baker 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Port  Townsend;  a  charter 
member  of  Glenwood  Lodge,  No.  27,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
of  Coupeville,  being  Past  Grand  Master.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Association. 

Mr.  Izett  was  married  July  4,  1858,  on 
Whidby  Island,  to  Nancy  M.  Findley,  born 
January  22,  1837,  in  Henderson  county,  Illi- 
nois, daughter  of  David  Finley,  who  was  born 
in  1807  and  died  in  1880.  Her  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Jane  Ritchie,  is  a  native  of 
Indiana,  where  she  was  born  in  1818.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Findley  were  married  in  Illinois  in  1830, 
and,  in  1847,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  and 
located  on  a  claim  live  miles  from  Oregon  City, 
where  they  lived  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Findley. 
The  mother  then  sold  the  farm  and  now  resides 
with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Izett.  Although  well 
advanced  in  years,  Mrs.  Findley  is  still  quite 
active,  and  has  made  several  trips  to  Oregon  and 
California  within  the  past  few  years.  She  and 
her  husband  were  with  Dr.  Whitman  the  day 
previous  to  his  masgacre.  Her  parents  were 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Macon)  Ritchie,  the  for- 
mer being  born  in  1790,  and  the  latter  in  1793. 
They  were  married  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1821, 
and  removed  to  Indiana,  and  in  •]829  to  Illinois, 
where  they  died. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Izett  had  five  children:  Jean  E. 
Izett  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years;  George 
M.  is  married  and  a  resident  of  Seattle;  William 
F.;  Henriettaand  James  are  at  home  on  the  farm. 


T(_T[  ON.  ROBERT  F.  STIIRDEYANT,  one  of 
jrM     the  prominent  and  progressive  citizens  of 
I     41'    Dayton,  Columbia  county,   is   especially 
17  worthy  of  mention  in  this  work. 

He  was  born  in  Warren  county,  Pennsylvania, 
November   18,  1841,  his  ancestry   being  trace- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


able  back  to  Peter  Stnrdevant,  of  New  Am- 
sterdam, now  the  city  of  New  York.  The 
maternal  aiieestoi-s  of  our  subject  were  also  of 
old,  influential  New  England  stock.  James  W. 
Sturdevant,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  is  also  a  native  of  Pennsj'lvania,  and  is 
still  livinpf,  in  the  enjoyment  of  good  health. 
The  Judge's  mother,  nee  Mary  A.  French,  was 
a  native  of  Vermont  and  is  now  deceased.  Her 
grandfather  French  was  a  patriot  soldier  during 
the  Revolutionary  w-ar  and  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  James  W.  Sturdevant, 
in  emigrating  westward,  first  settled  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Iowa,  in  1843;  in  1854  he  removed 
to  Clarke  county,  Wisconsin. 

Judge  Sturdevant,  the  eldest  of  the  five  chil- 
dren in  his  father's  family,  was  reared  to  farm 
life  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
l)egan  liis  professional  studies.  October  7,  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Fourteenth  Wiscon- 
sin Infantry,  and  served  four  years  and  two  days, 
during  which  time  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Color  Sergeant.  He  passed  safely  through 
many  of  the  noted  engagements  of  the  war;  as 
Sliilob,  Corinth,  luka,  Tupelo,  etc. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Wis- 
consin and  completed  his  professional  studies  in 
tiie  office  of  his  maternal  uncle,  B.  F.  French, 
an  eminent  practitioner  of  Neillsville,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  the  bar  in  1868.  He 
continued  his  practice  in  Wisconsin  until  1873, 
when  he  removed  to  Columbia  county,  Wash- 
ington. Here  he  became  the  first  Probate 
Judge  of  the  county.  He  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  for  the  First  Judicial  District 
in  1878,  and  served  two  years,  when  he  resumed 
private  practice  until  1884,  and  was  then  again 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  The  district 
comprised  Columbia,  Gartield  and  Asotin  coun- 
ties. In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  preparing  for  the  admission 
of  Washington  as  a  State  in  the  Union.  In 
1881)  he  was  elected  Superior  Judge,  and  re- 
elected in  the  autumn  of  1892. 

Politically  the  Judge  is  a  stanch  and  active 
Republican.  As  to  his  fraternal  relations  he 
holds  a  membership  in  the  Encampment  of  the 
I.  O.  O  F.,  having  passed  the  official  chairs,  and 
he  is  also  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge  and 
Royal  Arch  degree  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  he  is 
a  prominent  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

He  was  married  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin, 
March  18,  1866,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Towsley,  a 
native  of   Summit  county,  Ohio,  and  they  have 


two  daughters,  namely:  Eva  M.  and  Edith  E. 
The  family  are  of  long-lived  progenitors.  The 
Judge's  niotber  died  in  1892,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-six  years,  while  his  father  is  still  living 
in  Neillsville,  AVisconsin,  now  aged  seventy-nine 
years. 

E'dWAKI)  IirCGlNS.— Of   the  pioneers 
of  Washington,  the  subject  of  this  notice 
1  ranks  among  the  earliest  comers  of  those 

living  at  this  writing.  He  was  for  many  years 
associated  in  an  official  capacity  with  what  was 
perhaps  the  greatest  factor  in  shaping  the  affairs 
of  the  entire  Northwestern  region  throughout 
its  early  days,  and  for  this  and  kindred  reasons 
it  is  altogether  probable  his  name  will  ever  live 
in  the  history  of  the  Pacific  coast.  A  brief  out- 
line sketch  of  his  career,  giving  some  of  the 
salient  features,  as  well  as  treating  of  his  origin, 
becomes  therefore  a  valuable  and  indeed  essen- 
tial feature  of  this  volume  of  Washington  his- 
tory. 

Mr.  Hugging  was  born  in  London,  England, 
June  10,  1832,  his  parents  being  Edward,  Sr., 
and  Ellen  (Chipp)  Huggins.  His  boyhood  days 
were  spent  in  his  native  city,  and  there  also  his 
education  was  received.  Upon  its  completion, 
his  attention  having  been  drawn  to  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  its 
initial  efforts  to  settle  the  island  of  Vancouver, 
to  accomplish  which  the  Company  was  pledged 
in  consideration  of  concessions,  lie  purchased  a 
small  tract  of  land  on  the  island,  and  was,  in 
fact,  the  first  purchaser  of  these  lands.  From 
promises  made  to  him,  he  also  felt  confident  of 
employment  by  the  company  in  case  of  settle- 
ment, and  in  1849  he  left  his  home  for  the 
American  continent.  It  was  his  intention  at 
that  time  to  settle  on  Vancouver  island.  In 
England,  many  servants  had  also  been  engaged 
to  come  over  and  settle  there.  They  were  re- 
quired to  pay  for  their  lands  partly  from  the 
wages  they  were  to  receive  from  the  compan}', 
at  a  rate  which  seemed  sufficiently  remunerative 
in  their  native  land,  but  when  they  had  reached 
their  destination,  the  gohl  fever,  which  was  at- 
tracting so  many  to  California,  was  on,  and  a 
great  many  of  them  deserted  from  the  colony. 

On  arriving  at  Port  Victoria,  Mr.  Huggins 
was  engaged  by  Governor  Douglas,  afterward 
Sir  James  Douglas,  who  sent  him  over  to  Fort 
Nisqually,  located  about  six  miles  fi'oin   Steila- 


MIISTORY    OF     WASHUWTOlS. 


cooiii,  in  cliarge  of  sevei-al  of  the  servants  above 
mentioned.  This  was  in  March,  1850.  The 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  establislied  a  post 
there  in  1833,  and  at  the  time  Mr.  Hiiggins 
arrived  there  this  had  grown  to  large  pi-oportions 
and  to  corresponding  importance,  and  for  pur- 
poses of  defense  there  was  a  strong  stockade  and 
an  abundance  of  arms. 

Dr.  William  Fraser  Tolmie,  who  had  gone 
out  from  England  in  1833  as  a  physician  in  the 
employ  of  the  comj)any,  was  at  this  time  at  Fort 
Nisqnally,  and  under  him  Mr.  Huggins  was 
chief  clerk,  in  which  capacity  he  became  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  all  the  details  and  mi- 
nutife  of  the  company's  affairs.  With  the  Indians 
of  the  various  tribes  inhabiting  this  region,  as 
well  as  with  the  early  white  settlers,  who  had 
begun  to  gradually,  if  slowly,  to  settle  up  the 
country,  or  portions  of  it,  he  was  on  terms  of 
intimacy.  After  the  subject  of  this  sketch  had 
passed  ten  years  at  Nisquallyas  chief  clerk,Dr. 
Tolmie  was  appointed  to  succeed  Governor 
Douglas  as  one  of  the  Board  of  Managers  in 
charge  of  Victoria,  and  Mr.  Huggins  succeeded 
him  in  charge  of  Fort  Nisqually,  in  which  ca- 
pacity he  continued  until  1870,  when  tlie  rights 
of  the  Pnget  Sound  Agricultural  Company — an 
offshoot  of  and  kindred  corporation  to  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company — claimed  under  the  treaty 
of  1846,  were  surrendered  to  the  United  States 
Government;  and  it  was  Mr.  Huggins  who 
transferred  the  property  for  a  large  pecuniary 
consideration. 

Fpon  the  surrender  of  the  interests  of  the  com- 
pany at  Fort  Nit^qually,  Mr.  Huggins  was  or- 
dered to  Fort  Kamloops  to  take  charge  of  the 
post  there.  While  this  point  is  now  on  the 
line  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  and  in  a 
civilized  region,  it  was  then  in  the  midst  of  a 
wilderness,  so  that  Mr.  Huggins  did  not  feel 
justiiied  in  taking  his  wife  and  children  to  such 
surroundings  to  begin  again  primitive  pioneer 
life.  Accordingly,  he  resigned  his  position  with 
the  company,  and  having  become  an  American 
citizen  as  long  ago  as  1857,  when  the  property 
of  the  company  was  turned  over  to  the  United 
States  Government,  he  entered  a  part  of  the 
fort  as  a  pre-emption  claim,  which  claim  was 
sustained  in  the  subsequent  proceedings.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  carried  on  the  fur  business 
which  had  been  conducted  by  the  company,  and 
for  some  time  was  quite  successful,  but  the 
settling  up  of  the  country  brought  in  many  tra- 
ders, aud  the  competition  between  them  brought 


the  business  eventually  to  an  unprolitable  state, 
so  that  he  finally  withdrew  from  it.  He  also 
kept  up  the  company's  store  for  some  time  on 
his  own  account,  but  gave  it  up  when  it  ceased 
to  be  profitable.  Subsequently  he  added  to  his 
original  landed  possessions  at  Fort  Nisqually, 
until  he  now  owns  about  1,000  acres,  120  acres 
of  which  is  tirst-class  agricultural  land,  the  re- 
mainder being  adapted  to  grazing  purposes. 
Through  this  land,  the  route  selected  for  the 
projected  lines  of  the  Great  Northern  and  Pa- 
cific raih-oads  extends  for  a  distance  of  one  mile. 
The  Great  Northern  (Olympia  and  Gray's  Har- 
bor) is  already  operated  contiguous  to  the  prop- 
erty. 

He  continued  to  reside  on  his  place  at  the  old 
fort,  and  in  1876  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  of  Pierce  county.  He 
was  re-elected  in  1878,  and  during  the  second 
term  of  two  years  was  chosen  and  served  as 
chairman  of  the  board.  He  was  acting  in  this 
capacity  when  the  county  seat  was  changed  from 
Steilacoom  to  Tacoma.  In  1884,  after  an  inter- 
mission of  two  years,  he  was  again  chosen, 
however,  against  his  protest,  as  a  ujemberof  the 
County  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  again 
served  as  chairman  of  that  board.  He  was 
elected  Auditor  of  Pierce  county  in  1886,  to 
which  office  he  was  re-elected  in  1888,  serving 
four  years  in  all,  and  during  the  entire  continu- 
ance of  the  historic  boom  which  accompanied 
the  phenomenal  building  up  of  Tacoma.  Al- 
though it  was  offered,  he  refused  to  consider  a 
renomination  for  the  position. 

In  January,  1892,  he  became  associated  with 
the  National  Bank  of  Commerce  of  Tacoma,  and 
was  elected  a  director.  He  was  later  chosen 
vice-president  of  the  bank,  a  position  he  now 
holds. 

Mr.  Huggins  was  married  at  Fort  Nisqually, 
in  September,  1857,  to  Miss  Letitia  Work,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Suzette  (La  Gase)  Work. 
Mrs.  Huggins'  father  came  out  while  a  young 
man,  to  till  a  position  of  authority  for  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  and,  in  charge  of  a  party, 
made  many  traveling  expeditions  into  the 
interior,  and  it  was  on  one  of  these  occasions 
that  his  daugliter,  now  Mrs.  Huggins,  was  born. 
He  was  for  many  years  in  charge  of  Fort  Simp- 
son, an  important  post,  350  miles  northeast  of 
Victoria,  and,  later,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Managers,  with  Sir  James 
Douglas,  of  the  Company's  affairs  for  the  west- 
ern department  at  Victoria.   He  acquired,  among 


ItlSTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


other  properties,  about  1,000  acres  of  land  within 
the  present  limits  of  the  city  of  Victoria,  and  on 
tliis  tract,  which  he  had  highly  improved,  he 
continued  to  live  after  his  retirement  from  tlie 
Company's  management,  until  his  death,  in 
1862,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years.  His 
widow  still  resides  there,  aged  eight-iivw  years, 
in  1893. 

The  eldest  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huggins,  who 
was  named  William,  in  honor  of  Dr.  Tolmie, 
became  a  civil  engineer,  during  the  building  of 
the  Northern  I'acific  Kailroad,  on  which  he  was 
employed  during  its  construction.  He  has  for 
nine  years  been  living  in  South  America,  pur- 
suing his  profession,  and  lias  completed  two 
very  extensive  coutracts  in  Brazil,  where  he  now 
is.  Edward,  the  second  child,  is  deceased;  and 
the  other  children  are:  John,  Thomas,  David, 
Ellen  Suzette  (also  deceased),  Henry  and  Joseph. 

In  Mr.  Huggins'  distinctive  character  shine 
two  cjualities  of  the  successful,  and  therefore 
typical,  pioneer,  namely,  practicalness  and  firm- 
ness. One  of  the  most  marked  features  of  tlie 
early  liistory  of  this  region  was  the  ill  feeling 
characterizing  a  great  part  of  the  relations,  as 
well  as  the  absence  of  relations,  between  the 
American  pioneers  and  the  representatives-  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  From  the  result- 
ing ill  will,  however,  Mr.  Huggins  was  singu- 
larly exempt,  though  he  was  so  long  identified 
with  the  company  in  a  position  of  authority. 
This  part  was  due  to  his  sense  of  justice  and 
adherence  to  honorable  practices  in  the  conduct 
of  his  business  affairs.  '  No  better  proof  of  the 
propriety  of  his  bearing  througout  all  these 
years  could  have  been  afforded  than  by  his  re- 
peated elections  to  positions  of  honor  and  trust 
under  the  new  dispensation  in  the  very  locality 
in  wliich  had  been  the  scenes  of  his  labor  under 
the  old.  His  standing  here,  now,  in  view  of  his 
past  record  in  the  community  in  pioneer  days,  is 
impregnable  in  all  respects.  More  need  not  be 
said:  less  could  not  be  in  justice  to  the  truth  of 
history. 


T^/Il    ^"  HOLMES,  one  of  the  representative 
1^1     business   men    of   Seattle,  was    born  in 
I       41    Dunbarton,  New  Hampshire,  April  10, 
■%/  1844,  upon    the    old  homestead  which 

was  established  by  his  ancestors  in  1720,  and 
upon  which  his  father,  Charles  Holmes,  was  also 
boi'u  and  reared  and  there  passed  his  life  in   ag- 


ricultural pursuits.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
Louisa  (Pope)  Holmes,  was  a  native  of  Saiera, 
MaFs;icbn-ftts.  where  her  ancestors  settled  at  a 
very  eurly  <l;iy.  The  subject  of  this  review  is 
albo  a  lineal  descendant  of  Ilev.  John  Cotton, 
who  emigrated  from  England  to  Boston  in  1633. 
M.M.Holmes  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Dunbarton  and  Manchester,  and 
at  the  New  London  Literary  and  Scientific  In- 
stitute, where  he  graduated  in  July,  1802.  In 
August  f(>llo^^•illi,^  he  fuli^ted  in  Company  H, 
lourteenth  jNew  ll;iiii|.-liiie  Infantry.  The  regi- 
ment was  on  pi<i\\i>t  duty  a  year  in  Washing- 
ton city  and  served  as  Sergeant  of  the  Guard  at 
different  points,  including  the  executive  man- 
sion, old  Capital  prison,  Central  guardhouse, 
Sixth  street  wharf  and  the  Long  bridge.  In 
the  spring  of  1864  the  regiment  went  to  Louis- 
iana, returning  to  the  James  river  in  front  of 
Richmond  in  July.  In  August  the  Fourteenth 
New  Hampshire  joined  the  army  of  the  Shen- 
andoah under  Sheridan,  ami  \v;is  attached  to  the 
First  Brigade, Second  Division.  .\  iiu-teentli  Anuy 
Corps.  Thecommissi'MiLMl  otlirers  being  absent, 
Holmes,  then  Fii-^t  Sfi'ii;i'ant,  commanded  his 
company  during  Slici  idan's  campaign  and  at 
its  close  was  coaiujisoiuned  First  Lieutenant  and 
presented  with  a  sword  by  his  Colonel.  In  De- 
cember, 1864,  the  division  was  ordered  to  Sa- 
vannah, Georgia,  and  although  the  youngest  of- 
ticer  in  the  command.  Holmes  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  refugees  of  the  district  of  Savan- 
nah, and  under  the  orders  of  General  Sherman 
sent  about  30,000  negroes  to  the  islands  off  the 
coast  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  where  the 
celebrated  Sea  Island  cotton  is  raised.  Declin- 
ing a  commission  in  the  regular  army,  he  was 
mustered  out  with  his  regiment  in  July,  1865, 
returning  to  his  home  he  resumed  his  studies, 
and  in  the  fall  entered  Dartmouth  College. 
Completing  the  second  year  of  the  course  he 
then  started  westward  and  spent  three  years  as 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  four 
years  as  Clerk  of  Court.  In  1877  he  went  to 
Chicago  and  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness until  1883,  when  he  removed  to  Seattle, 
and  for  two  years  was  in  the  employ  of  one  of 
the  prominent  lumber  firms  of  the  city.  When 
the  Seattle  Daily  Press  was  established  he  took 
the  position  of  editor  and  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  bringing  the  paper  into  prominence. 
LTpon  retiring  from  the  press  he  engaged  in  the 
real-estate  business  and  was  quite  active  up  to 
the  fall  of  1889,  when,  with  the  adoption  of  the 


eoo 


Ul STOUT    OF    WASUINGTOli. 


State  Constitution,  Mr.  Holmes  received  the 
nomination  bj  the  Hepublican  party  as  Clerk 
of  King  county  and  was  elected.  Upon  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  of  office  he  organized  the 
Holmes  Lumber  Company,  with  factory  located 
on  Lake  Union,  and  manufactured  sash,  doors, 
mouldings  and  builders'  supplies,  continuing  up 
to  October,  1892,  when  his  mill  was  destroyed 
by  fire.  The  mill  was  rebuilt  in  the  spring  of 
1893,  on  a  larger  scale. 

He  was  married  September  13,  1870,  to  Miss 
Jennie  S.  Stinson,  of  Dunbarton,  New  Hamp- 
shire. They  have  two  children,  Kate  M.  and 
Carl  S. 

With  the  organization  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic  in  1857,  Mr.  Holmes  at  once 
recognized  its  value  and  became  an  active  mem- 
ber and  filled  various  positions  of  trust  in  the 
order.  Upon  arriving  in  Seattle  he  joined 
Stevens  Post,  and  has  since  served  two  terms  as 
Commander  of  the  post  and  two  terms  as  cliief 
mustering  officer  of  the  department.  In  1890 
he  was  Department  Comniander  and  in  1893 
was  chosen  as  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

He  was  the  originator  of  the  Washington 
Soldiers'  home,  and  largely  through  liis  personal 
efforts  secured  legislation  for  its  establishment 
and  maintenance.  He  is  intei-ested  in  several 
business  enterprises  about  the  city,  and  his  ca- 
reer is  a  striking  example  of  the  success  which 
attends  energy,  enterprise  and  intelligence,  com- 
bined with  integrity  and  public  spirit. 


CAPTAIN  J.  W.  McALLEP  was  born  in 
Lubec,  Maine,  November  22,  1838.  His 
father,  John  McAllep,  native  of  the  high- 
lands of  Scotland,  emigrated  to  America  about 
1820  and  located  in  Maine,  where  he  engaged 
in  ship-building  and  was  subsequently  married 
to  Miss  Mary  J.  Smith,  native  of  Maine  and  of 
English    descent.     Our  subject   was   n 


Lubec   to    the 


of   sixteen 


years. 


dien    he 


shipped  before  the  mast  upon  the  bark  "  Lucy 
Ring,"  Captain  Belcher  T.  Thurlow  in  com- 
mand. The  bark  was  loaded  at  St.  Johns, 
New  Brunswick,  with  box  shooks  for  Cuba, 
thence  proceeded  with  a  cargo  of  sugar  to 
Bristol,  England,  and  then  with  railroad  iron  to 
Savannah,  Georgia,  a  voyage  of  seven  months. 
Young  McAllep  then  returned  home  and  at- 
tended school  during  the  winter,  but  with  the 


spring  of  1856  he  again  sailed  the  seas,  on  the 
bark  "  Philena,"  Captain  J.  S.  Winslow,  Port- 
land, Maine.  He  continued  at  sea,  paying  par- 
ticular attention  to  the  study  of  navigation,  and 
arose  rapidly  in  the  line  of  his  profession,  be- 
coming first  mate  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years, 
sailing  upon  the  Atlantic  between  European 
and  American  ports.  Becoming  desirous  of 
visiting  the  E-'acific  coast,  in  June,  1862,  he 
shipped  from  Xew  York,  before  the  mast  iipon 
the  ship  "  Ocean  E.xpress,"  Captain  H.  H.  Wat- 
son. They  were  barely  out  of  port  before  Cap- 
tain AVatson  discovered  the  qualifications  of 
young  McAllep,  and  promoted  him  to  the  posi- 
tion of  boatswain,  and  subsequently  to  that  of 
third  and  then  second  mate.  The  ship  was  dis- 
abled in  a  storm  off  Cape  Horn  and  returned  to 
Rio  Janeiro  for  repairs.  There  Mr.  McAllep 
left  and  became  second  mate  on  the  brig 
"  Josephine,"  also  bound  for  San  Francisco. 
Continuing  their  voyage  via  the  straits  of 
Magellan  they  made  port  at  Valparaiso,  and 
there  our  subject  was  made  mate  and  continued 
in  that  capacity  until  they  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, February  17,  1863.  He  then  made  one 
voyage  to  Nicolafski  on  the  Amoor  river, 
Russian  Possessions,  and  upon  returning  in 
October,  1863,  was  put  in  charge  as  captain  of 
the  bark  "  Ork,"  owned  by  A.  M.  Simpson,  a 
prominent  lumber  dealer  of  the  coast  and  sail- 
ing between  Coos  bay,  San  Francisco  and  coast 
ports.  Captain  McAllep  then  continued  with 
Mr.  Simpson  for  nearly  fifteen  years,  in  varied 
capacities.  He  was  concerned,  at  different 
times,  in  the  operation  of  both  steamboats  and 
sailing  vessels.  In  1874  he  assumed  command 
of  the  famous  new  ship,  "  Western  Star,"  which 
was  built  by  Mr.  Simpson,  at  Coos  bay,  Oregon. 
This  vessel  was,  in  its  time,  one  of  the  fastest 
ships  afloat,  making  a  voyage  to  Europe,  in 
1875,  in  104  days  and  returning  from  Liverpool 
in  110  days.  Leaving  Astoria,  Oregon,  in  Jan- 
nary,  1876,  the  boat  made  the  voyage  to 
Queenstown  in  101  days.  October  1,  1877, 
Captain  McAllep  left  the  "  Western  Star"  and 
assumed  charge  of  Mr.  Simpson's  fleet  of  vessels 
with  headquarters  at  San  Francisco,  his  official 
title  being  Port  Captain,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
he  superintended  operations  from  port  and  not 
on  the  sea.  He  continued  in  this  position  until 
1878,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  steamer  "  Em- 
pire," a  freight  and  passenger  boat,  running  be- 
tween San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound  ports. 
He  operated  the  boat  for  four  years,  after  which 


BISTORT    OF     W.\8HINGT0N. 


he  moved  to  the  Souud  country  and  located  at 
Port   Townseiid.      He    was    there   appointed   to 

represent  the  full  lionnl  ol'  San  Francisccj  under- 
writers for  the  riii^vl  Sdiiiid  disti-ict,  the  iluties 
being  to  snrvey  the  cai'i^ncs  of  lunilier  to  see 
that  vessels  were  in  a  proper  condition  and 
properly  loaded.  As  transportation  from  point 
to  point  was  necessary  he  built  the  steam  launch 
"  Underwriter,"  to  facilitate  business,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  position  for  three  years,  simul- 
taneously conducting  a  general  shipping  and 
commission  business. 

In  1886,  Captain    McAUep   returned    t. 


Francisco,  and   made  one 


■ckels   ti 


the  Sandwich  islands,  then  took  charge  of  the 
ship  "Detroit"  and  operate<l  l>etween  San 
Francisco  and  Puget  Sound  up  to  1889.  lie 
then  made  one  voyage  to  Melbourne  and 
Sydney,  Australia,  continuing  with  the  ship 
UTitil  May,  1890.  when  he  came  to  Seattle  for 
permanent  residence,  and,  in  January,  1891, 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  tire  boat  "  Snoqual- 
uiie,"  a  part  of  the  equipment  of  the  tire  depart- 
ment of  Seattle.  This  boat  has  a  capacity  of 
850-horse  power,  her  pumps  throwing  7,000 
gallons  of  water  per  minute,  with  facilities  for 
fourteen  separate  streams  of  water.  Ten  men 
are  connected  with  the  boat,  besides  one  horse 
and  hose  wagon,  with  an  equipment  of  2,800 
feet  of  hose.  The  boilers  are  held  continuously 
under  eighty  pounds  of  pi-essure,  and  are  always 
ready  to  start  at  a  moment's  notice. 

The  Captain  was  married  at  San  Francisco, 
in  December,  1868,  to  Miss  Theresa  C.  Cam- 
mann,  of  New  York  city.  They  have  three 
children:   Weston  C,  Helen  A.  and   George  11. 

Socially,  Captain  McAUep  athliates  with  the 
F.  &  A.  M.,  I.  0.  O.  F.  and  encampment,  the 
K.  of  II.  and  A.  ().  U.  W. 


|V\/[(KS.    IIEXRII]TTA    DMOKUP,   nee 
li  Wl     Jorgenson,  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Ut- 
I       Ij    saladdy  Hotel,  Utsaladdy,  Island  county, 
•€/  Washington.     She  is  also  the  owner  of 

a  considerable  amount  of  town  property,  besides 
farms  on  Camano  and  San  Juan  islands.  ( )f  her 
life  we  ])resent  the  following  brief  sketch: 

Mrs.  Henrietta  D'Jorup  was  born  near  the 
capital  of  Denmark,  in  August,  1847,  daughter 
of  T.  T.  and  Mary  (Ilelgon)  Jorgenson.  She 
has  been   twice   married,     November  5,   1863, 


she  and  S.  Thorsen  were  united  in  marriage,  and 
soon  afterward  she  was  left  a  widow  with  one 
son,  George  W.  Thoreen,  who  still  lives  with 
her.  She  was  married  the  second  time,  April 
9,  1869,  to  P.  D'Joru]),  in  Denmark,  he  soon 
afterward  coming  to  America,  and  she,  in  com- 
pany with  his  brothei',  following  him  five  years 
later  and  joining  him  in  Utsaladdy.  P.  D'Jorup 
was  born  June  30,  1845,  in  Denmark,  and  died 
in  ITtsaiaddy,  Washington,  Novemljer  21,  1890. 
In  early  boyhood  days  he  attended  the  best 
schools  that  his  country  atforded  and  as  he  grew 
ohltM-  he  went  to  sea.  He  followed  a  seafaring 
life  until  he  came  to  America  and  hicatedon  the 
island  on  which  he  spent  the  rest  .if  liis  life  and 
died.  He  worked  in  a  sawmill  until  the  arrival 
of  his  wife,  when  they  opened  a  hotel,  the  es- 
tablishment which  Mrs.  D'Jorup  still  conducts. 
Their  son  followed  in  1882. 

Mr.  D'Jorup  was  a  very  prominent  )nan  dur- 
ing his  residence  on  Camano  island.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  Lodge,  K.  of  P.  and  A. 
O.  U.  W^.  He  served  his  county  as  Commis- 
sioner live  terms,  and  for  two  terms  rendered 
valuable  sei'vice  as  a  member  of  the  Territoral 
Legislature.  At  his  death  he  It  ft  to  his  widow 
and  son  a  large  estate. 

Mrs.  D'Jorup  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer 
Association  and  also  of  the  Eastern  Stai-,  Seattle. 


dj  S.  THOMAS,  a  highly  respected  farmer  of 
Whidi)y  island,  has  been  identitied  with 
— -'  the  agricultural  interests  of  Island  county 
since  1876,  when  he  came  to  Washington  to 
reside.  lie  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  born 
August  28,  1844,  a  son  of  Samnel  and  Hannah 
(Cramer)  Thomas.  After  the  death  of  the  father, 
which  occurred  when  J.  S.  was  a  child  of  five 
years,  the  mother  assumed  the  management  of 
affairs,  and  with  the  assistance  of  her  children 
for  seven  years  continued  to  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness established  by  her  husband  in  New  Jersey. 

When  J.  S.  Thomas  was  a  lad  of  fifteen  years 
his  mother  apprenticed  him  to  learn  the  miller's 
trade,  and  after  serving  his  time  he  worked  at 
the  business  until  1872.  He  w^as  married  in 
1869  to  Elizabeth  P.  Colkett,  a  daughter  of 
Goldy  and  Mary  A.  fiolkett;  her  father  is  now 
is  now  deceased. 

He  made  his  first  trip  to  the  West  in  1872, 
crossing  the  continent  by  rail  to  San  Francisc  *; 


niSTOBY    OF    WASniNGTON. 


from  this  city  he  proceeded  to  Victoria,  British 
Colmnhia,  where  he  was  quarantiued  on  the 
vessel  nearly  two  weeks  on  accoutit  of  small-, 
pox.  After  his  release  he  came  directly  to 
Wh'idby  island,  where  he  secured  work  on  a 
farm.  At  the  end  of  five  months  he  returned 
to  his  old  home,  where  he  liad  left  his  family. 
In  1874  his  wife  died,  leaving  three  children: 
Harriet,  wife  of  G.  C.  Angle,  Emma  and  Eber. 
Mr.  Thomas  continued  working  at  his  trade,  his 
mother-in-law  keeping  house  for  him  until 
1876,  when  they  all  came  to  Washington,  set- 
tling on  Whidby  island.  Mr.  Thomas  rented  a 
farm,  and  has  devoted  his  efforts  to  its  cultiva- 
tion with  the  exception  of  a  part  of  two  years, 
when  he  was  employed  in  the  flouring  mills  on 
the  island.  lie  has  been  I'airly  prosperous  since 
coming  to  Washington  and  fully  i-ealizes  the  su- 
perior resources  of  soil  and  climate. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  belongs 
to  the  encampment  of  the  order;  he  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  but  has  not 
yet  brought  his  demits  to  the  Washington 
lodges,  where  he  is  sure  to  receive  a  warm  wel- 
come from  his  brothers  in  the  fraternities. 


FJfON.    r.    C.    SULLIVAN,    of    Tacoma, 
rpH     AVashington,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
I     \\    members   of  the  bar   of  the    State,   was 
•^  born   at  De   Soto,   Nebraska,  June   17, 

1859,  his  parents  being  P.  C,  Si".,  and  Klioda 
Ann  (Berry)  Sullivan,  both  natives  of  Roches- 
ter, New  York.  The  family  crossed  the  plains 
and  mountains  in  an  early  day  to  the  Pacific 
Coast,  stopping  for  a  short  time  in  Wyoming, 
and  arrived  in  Oregon  in  1862.  Here  the 
family  first  settled  near  Sheridan,  in  Yam  Hill 
county,  but  in  1865  removed  to  Dallas,  Polk 
county,  where  the  father,  who  was  a  lawyer, 
practiced  his  profession. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to  manhood 
in  Oregon  and  attended  the  schools  of  Dallas 
and  Lafayette.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  entered 
the  office  of  the  Liberal  Republican,  now  known 
as  the  Polk  County  Itemizer,  and  was  for  ten 
years  associated  with  that  paper.  Meantime, 
he  read  law  with  his  brother-in-law,  James  Mc- 
Cain, then  residing  in  Lafayette,  but  now  a 
prominent  citizen  of  McMinnville.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1882,  young  Sullivan  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Oi-pwiii.  Iiefore  the  Supreme  Court 


at  Salem,  and  in  the  winter  of  1883  he  went  to 
Colfax,  Whitman  county,  Washington,  where 
his  brother,  E,  H.  Sullivan,  was  located,  and 
where  they  formed  a  professional  partnership, 
which  continued  until  January,  1888.  At  the 
end  of  this  time,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
came  to  Tacoma,  where  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Judge  Crowley,  which  firm  has  ever 
since  held  front  rank  among  the  professional 
associations  of  the  city  and  State.  P>oni  April, 
1890,  until  January,  1893,  Mr.  Sullivan  served 
as  Assistant  United  States  District  Attorney, 
but  then  resigned,  in  order  to  devote  his  atten- 
tion more  fully  to  his  regular  private  practice. 
Since  coming  to  Washington,  Mr.  Sullivan 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
the  Territory  and  State.  In  1886,  he  was  a 
delegate  from  Whitman  county  to  the  Territo- 
rial Convention  at  Tacoma.  h\  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1889,  he  was  on  the 
delegation  from  Pierce  county,  and  served  in 
that  body  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Elections  and  Elective  Rights,  and  was  also  a 
member  of  each,  the  Committee  on  Corpor- 
ations and  the  Committee  on  Apportionment. 
In  the  work  of  the  convention  he  took  an  active 
part  and  was  especially  identified  with  securing 
the  adoption  of  the  minority  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Corporations,  as  against  the  ma- 
jority report  favoring  a  constitutional  commis- 
sion, and  in  favor  of  having  the  commission 
appointed  by  the  legislature.  Another  mea- 
sure, with  which  he  was  actively  associated,  and 
in  the  success  of  which  he  took  a  prominent 
part,  was  in  securing  a  membership  of  five  for 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  in  making  the  com- 
pensation commensurate  with  the  great  impor- 
tance of  membership  in  that  court.  He  also 
served  as  a  delegate  from  Pierce  county  in  the 
first  Republican  State  Convention  of  Washing- 
ton, and  for  the  past  year  (1893)  has  been 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Central 
Committee.  Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  liberal,  energetic 
and  jjrogressive  gentleman  and  is  universally 
recognized  as  an  efficient  member  of  the  Wash- 
ington bar,  which  numbers  many  men  of 
national  repute. 

SSIAN  J.  CARR,  of  Seattle,  Washington, 
'    was  born  in  Dryden,  New  York,  October 
18,  1833.  a  son  of  Alvah  and  Martha  P. 
(Tyler)  Carr,   natives  also  of   that  State.     The 


nrSTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


father  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker  in  his 
early  manhood,  following  that  occupation  in 
Drjden  until  1841,  when  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Ci'awford  county,  I'ennsylvania. 
While  in  that  county  he  followed  agricultural 
pursuits. 

Ossian  J.,  the  sul)ject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  and  improved  the  educational 
facilities  of  Crawford  county.  With  mature 
years  he  began  teaching  school,  which  he  fol- 
lowed throngli  the  winter  months,  still  passing 
his  summei-s  on  the  farm.  In  1853  Mr.  Carr 
entered  the  Kings^vell  Academy,  in  Ashtabula 
county,  Ohio,  passed  one  year  in  pursuing  the 
higher  branches  of  study,  and  in  1854  began  the 
study  of  telegraphy  in  New  York  city,  learning 
the  House-alphabet  system.  He  afterward 
found  employment  with  the  Wasliington  Print- 
ing Telegraph  Company,  as  instructor  of  agents 
along  their  line,  but  after  one  year  resumed 
agricultural  pursuits  in  Crawford  county.  In 
1858  Mr.  Carr  emigrated  with  his  family  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  journeying  by  steamer  to  Aspin- 
wall,  tlience  across  to  Panama,  thence  by  the 
steamship  John  L.  Stephens  to  8an  Francisco, 
and  then  on  the  old  Columbia  for  Portland. 

Owing  to  the  Frasef  river  gold  excitement 
the  crew  had  abandoned  the  ship  for  the  mines, 
and  a  new  crew  of  Mexicans  were  secured.  I3y 
traveling  only  during  the  day  they  arrived 
safely  in  Portland,  after  a  voyage  of  nine  days. 

Our  subject  next  taught  the  Jefferson  Insti- 
tute one  year,  and  was  then  principal  of  the 
Salem  pul)lic  schools  the  same  length  of  time, 
when  his  healtli  failed  and  he  was  obliged  to 
seek  a  morr  ;irti\i'  life.  In  1861  he  assisted  in 
erecting  till-  riii\ir-iry  building  in  Seattle,  and 
during  that  time  his  wife  taught  the  only  dis- 
trict school  of  the  town,  whicli  enrolled  about 
twcntj-tive  pupils,  coming  from  all  parts  of 
the  county.  Dni'ing  the  year  1802,  Mr.  Carr 
I'ollowcil  agi'icultui-al  [)ursnits  near  Salem,  fol- 
loweil  hotel  life  one  year,  elected  Assessor  of 
Marion  county  for  two  years,  and  served  as 
Deputy  County  Clerk  four  years.  In  1S7G  he 
again  visited  Seattle,  where  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Postmaster,  under  W.  H.  Pumphrey, 
eight  months,  held  the  same  position  under 
Thomas  W.  Prosch  one  year,  was  then  appoint- 
ed Postmaster  by  President  Hayes  and  re- 
appointed by  President  Arthur.  Mr.  Carr  next 
engaged  in  the  carriage  business  with  L.  S.  Roe 
and  C.  P.  Stone,  but  one  year  later  the  firm  dis- 
solved, and  since  that  time  oiir  subject  has  de- 


voted his  time  to  private  interests  and  to  the 
improvement  of  his  place  at  Edgewater,  on 
Kilburn  avenue.  He  also  owns  other  valuable 
real  estate  about  the  city,  Ijoth  improved  and 
unimproved. 

In  August,  1856,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Lucy  L.  Whipple,  of  Crawford 
county.  They  have  one  daughter,  Myra,  now 
the  wife  of  I'l'of.  E.  S.  Ingraham.  Socially,  Mr. 
Cai-r  affiliates  with  the  Masonic  order.  As  a 
School  Director  he  has  advanced  the  educational 
interests  of  District  No.  66,  now  embraced  in 
Seattle  District,  and  is  ever  ready  with  material 
support  to  advance  the  temporal  interests  of 
that  city,  which  has  justly  been  termed  the 
Queen  City  of  the  Northwest. 


f^l^ 


■-^40 


OL.  E.  M.  CARP,  one  of  the  represeuta- 
\•^'  .■tttoriicys  of  the  Seattle  bar,  was 
ii'ii  ;ii  ( .iilcliiiio,  Knox  county,  Illinois, 
August  o(»,  Is.jH.  His  p;ir<Mits,  Colonel  P.O.  and 
Mary  (Buck)  Carr,  wei-c  nnti  vc-  of  New  York  and 
Vermont  respectively,  bolli  IhmiicIics  having  de- 
scended from  the  Pui-itan  settlers  of  New  En- 
gland. Colonel  B.  O.  Carr  removed  from  New 
York  to  Illinois  in  boyhood,  his  parents  being 
among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Galesburg.  With 
the  outbreaking  of  the  Civil  war,  in  1861,  Mr. 
Carr  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department,  and  served  tiirongh 
the  war,  receiving  promotion  as  Divitiion  Quar- 
termaster witli  rank  of  Colonel.  His  brother, 
Eugene  A.  Carr,  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point, 
and  in  1861  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
Third  Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry,  served  through 
the  war  and  is  now  Brigadier  General  in  the 
regular  army.  Another  brother.  Rev.  Horace 
M.  Carr,  served  tlnougli  the  war  as  Chaplain, 
and  a  fourth  hi-otJMM-  nili-led  as  a  private  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  v.-n--  and  retired  from  service 
at  the  close  of  the  war  as  Captain,  having  ai'isen 
by  successive  pi'oiiiotion.  Several  members  of 
the  Puck  family  were  also  active  participants  in 
the  war  and  rendered  honorable  service.   . 

After  the  clo.se  of  the  war.  Colonel  B.  O. 
Carr  engaged  in  business  enterprises,  and,  in 
1870,  i-emoved  to  the  Pacific  sloi)e  and  was  con- 
nected with  the  Union  Pacific  and  CJentral  Pa- 
cific r.uilwavs  until  1872,  when  he  returned  to 
( iaie-l.iii--,  where  he  remained  only  until  tlni 
spring  of  1S73,  when  he  was  appointed  United 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


States  Supervising  Inspector  of  steamboats  for 
the  Sixtli  District,  wliich  position  be  beld  until 
1881,  with  headquarters  at  Mempliis,  Tennessee, 
and  Louisville,  Iventucky.  In  1881  he  removed 
to  California  and  is  now  engaged  in  banking  at 
Leinoore,  Tulare  county. 

E.  M.  Carr  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Galesburg,  the  academic  department  of  Knox 
College,  and  graduated  from  Norwich  Uni- 
versity, at  Northlield,  Vermont,  1879.  He 
then  entered  the  law  department  of  Columbia 
College,  in  New  York  city,  and  graduated 
therefrom  in  1881.  He  at  once  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Tucson,  Ari- 
zona, remaining  there  until  June,  1882,  when 
he  joined  a  small  exploring  party  and  went  into 
the  interior  of  Alaska.  In  the  fall  of  1883,  he 
joined  his  family  in  California,  and  in  February, 
1884,  located  at  Seattle,  engaging  at  once  in 
the  active  practice  of  law.  In  July,  1885,  he 
formed  a  co-partnership  with  Harold  Preston, 
which  has  been  continued  to  date  and  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  leading  law  firms  of  the 
city. 

In  1890  Governor  Ferry  aj)pointed  Colonel 
Carr  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  counties 
of  King,  Kitsap  and  Snohomish,  to  till  an  un- 
expired term.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
Company  B  of  the  State  militia  in "1884,  and 
was  elected  Second  Lieutenant.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  Captain  of  Com|)any  E,  First  Regi- 
ment, National  Guard  of  Washington,  serving 
until  1890,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Adjutant 
General  R.  6.  O'Brien  as  a  member  of  his 
staff  with  rank  of  Colonel. 

Colonel  Carr  was  married  at  Lodi,  California, 
in  1890,  to  Miss  Alice  Preston,  a  native  of 
Mississippi.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  K. 
of  P.,  Loyal  Legion  "of  the  United  States,  Pa- 
triotic Sons  of  America  and   Sons  of  Veterans. 


JOHN  H.  ALLEN,  legal  practitioner  in  the 
city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Lexington, 
—  Kentucky,  September  4,  1844,  and  was  the 
son  of  Colonel  Robert  T.  P.  Allen,  of  Mary- 
land, and  Julia  Ann  (Dickenson)  Allen,  of 
Tennessee.  The  latter  was  a  niece  of  General 
Andrew  Jackson,  and  was  born  and  reared  at 
the  "Hermitage,"  near  Nashville. 

Robert  T.  P.  Allen  was  a   graduate  of  West 
Pojtit,  Hud  a  classmate  of   McClelian,  Thomas 


and  Johnston.  As  a  member  of  the  engineer 
corps  he  superintended  the  construction  of 
several  of  the  harbors  on  Lake  Erie.  Subse- 
quently resigning,  he  became  professor  of 
mathematics  in  Transylvania  University  at 
Lexington.  In  1845  he  built  the  Kentucky 
Military  Institute  near  Frankfort,  which  he 
conducted  until  1849,  when  he  was  appointed 
by  the  national  Government  to  locate  post  offices 
and  mail  routes  through  California,  and  while 
in  San  Francisco  he  established  the  first  news- 
paper in  that  city.  In  1850  he  returned  to  his 
institution  in  Kentucky,  which  he  conducted 
until  1856,  when,  owing  to  failing  health,  he 
sold  out  and  removed  to  Bastrop,  Texas,  and 
there  founded  the  Bastrop  Military  Institute. 
In  1861  he  went  into  the  Confederate  army  as 
Colonel  of  the  Seventeenth  Texas  Infantry,  and 
was  wounded  at  Milliken's  Bend  in  his  efforts  to 
relieve  Vicksburg,  and  subsequently  retired 
from  the  army  and  returned  to  his  institution 
in  Texas.  In  1865  he  sold  out  and  repur- 
chased his  original  institution  in  Kentucky, 
which  he  continued  up  to  1875,  when  he  retired 
and  passed  the  closing  years  of  his  life  in 
Florida. 

John  H.  Allen  was  educated  in  the  military 
institutes  of  his  father  in  Kentucky  and  Texas. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as 
Second  Lieutenant  and  drill  master  of  the 
Second  Texas  Infantry,  at  Galveston,  Texas, 
but  was  declined  a  commission  because  of  his 
extreme  youth.  He  then  refused  farther  service, 
and  was  under  arrest  four  months,  when  his 
commission  was  granted  by  Jefferson  Davis, 
President  of  the  Confederate  States,  making 
our  subject  the  youngest  commissioned  officer 
in  the  Confederate  army.  He  was  actively  en- 
gaged at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  was  then 
transferred  to  the  Trans-Mississippi  Depart- 
ment, under  General  E.  Kirby  Smith,  to  assist 
in  drilling  and  disciplining  military  recruits. 
He  was  then  assigned  by  General  Smith  as  aid 
to  Colonel  W.  II.  Trudor,  who  was  in  command 
of  a  brigade  of  dismounted  cavalry  and  ex- 
changed troops,  over  which  Prince  de  Polignac 
was  subsequently  appointed  Brigadier-General 
by  Jefferson  Davis,  our  subject  continuing  as 
Aid-de-Camp  and  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General,  and  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Mansfield  and  Pleasant  Hill.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  the  cavalry,  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  Brigadier-General  Bagby,  who 
coiDmauded  a  brigade  of  Tom  Green's  division, 


niSruUY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Our  subject  acted  as  Assistant  Inspector-Gen- 
eral on  General  Bagby's  staff.  He  was  subse- 
quently elected  Captain  of  Squadron  B,  of  the 
Sixteenth  Texas  Cavalry,  and  snrreiidered  his 
company  near  Corsicana,  Texas,  in  1865. 

He  then  went  to  his  home  at  Bastrop,  and  in 
October,  lS6(i,  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  E. 
Bell,  of  that  city.  He  then  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky and  finished  his  education  at  the  military- 
institute,  graduating  in  June,  1867.  Within 
the  same  year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 

After  one  year  as  assistant  professor  of 
languages  and  commandant  of  cadets  in  the 
military  institute,  and  one  year  in  a  similar 
position  in  the  Kentucky  Agricultural  College 
at  Lexington,  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  Kentucky,  and  in  1874  removed  to  Orlando, 
Florida,  where  he  continued  his  profession,  and 
where  his  wife  died  in  1886,  leaving  four  sons 
and  one  daughter. 

Mr.  Allen  was  very  active  in  politics  in  Flor- 
ida, and  there  I'esided  until  March,  1889,  when 
he  removed  to  Seattle.  He  then  entered  the 
office  of  Stratton  &  Fenton,  at  $100  per  mouth, 
and  shortly  after,  when  Mr.  Stratton  was  elected 
to  the  bench  and  Mr.  Fenton  removed  to  Ore- 
gon, Mr.  Allen  succeeded  to  their  business, 
which  he  suocessfully  conducted  and  has  built 
up  a  very  lucrative  practice.  In  September, 
1891,  he  formed  a  co  partnership  with  his  son, 
Jay  C.  Allen,  and  with  John  H.  Powell,  of  Illi- 
nois, under  the  firm  name  of  Allen  &  Powell. 
They  have  since  continued  a  general  practice, 
making  a  specialty  of  commercial  law. 

Mr.  Allen  was  remarried  in  Jacksonville, 
Florida,  in  1888,  to  Mrs.  Lucy  A.  (Hodge)  Ut- 
ley,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

In  politics  Mr.  Allen  continnes  a  stanch 
Democrat,  but  he  eschews  all  activity  and  ab- 
hors this  scrambling  for  oflice.  Fie  is  a  Royal 
Arch  Mason,  and  lives  a  quiet,  retired  life,  de- 
voting his  energies  to  the  legitimate  practice  of 
his  profession. 


ATTIIEW  A.  KELLY,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative druggists  in  the  city  of   Seat- 


Mi 

J       li    tie  for    upward    of   twenty    years,  was 
■€/  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  Decem- 

ber 25,  1850.      His    pai'ents  were  of  Irish  and 
Scotch  ancestry,  and   were  natives  of   Ireland, 


where  they  were  reared  and  married.  In  1849 
they  decided  to  emigrate  to  America,  which 
they  did  early  in  1850,  and,  locating  in  Boston, 
Mr.  Kelly  there  continued  his  trade,  and  there 
passed  the  balance  of  his  life.  Matthew  A. 
attended  the  schools  of  the  city  up  to  his  fif- 
teenth year,  then  went  to  New  York  city,  and, 
as  bell  boy,  secured  employment  at  the"  Cort- 
landt  Street  Hotel.  In  attendance  on  the  guests 
of  the  house  he  waited  upon  Asa  Mercer,  who 
was  a  pioneer  of  Washington,  and  the  origi- 
nator of  female  emigration  to  Puget  Sound,  and 
who  was  then  in  the  East,  organizing  a  company 
of  women  to  bring  to  the  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington. Mr.  Mercer  became  intei-ested  in  young 
Kelly,  a  bi-ight,  active  boy,  and  offered  him  free 
transportation  to  AYashington,  which  proposi- 
tion was  gladly  accepted,  and  Matthew  accom- 
panied the  party  of  about  125  M-omen,  which 
embarked  from  New  York  on  the  IGth  of  Janu- 
ary, 1866,  on  the  steamship  Continental,  which 
was  furnished  by  the  United  States  Government. 
The  voyage  was  made  through  the  straits  of 
Magellan,  and  landing  at  San  Francisco  about 
half  the  ladies  stopped  at  that  city,  the  balance 
coming  to  the  Sound  district,  where  they  found 
occupation  at  teaching  school  or  other  light 
employment.  Young  Kelly  came  through  to 
Seattle,  then  but  a  small  hamlet,  and  first  found 
a  home  with  Henry  Van  Asselt,  working  for 
his  board  and  attending  the  three-months 
school.  He  then  came  to  Seattle  and  attended 
one  term  at  the  State  University,  then  went  to 
Olympia,  and  into  the  othee  of  the  AYeekly 
Echo,  owned  by  K.  II.  Hewitt.  After  six 
months  of  service,  he  entered  the  drug  store  of 
Dr.  Iiufns  Willard,  continuing  in  study  and 
practice  up  to  September,  1869,  when  the  firm 
became  Willard  iV'  Kelly,  and  thus  remained 
until  Septiiiilier.  1^70,  when  Mr.  Kelly  sold  his 
interest,  and  returning  to  Seattle  entered  into 
partnership  with  Gardner  Kellogg.  After  one 
year  Mr.  Kellogg  retired,  and  the  firm  became 
Kelly  &  Settle,  bnt  one  year  later  Mr.  Settle 
withdrew,  and  Mr.  Kelly  continned  alone  up  to 
1879.  A.B.Young  then  purchased  an  interest, 
but  after  two  years  sold  out,  and  Mr.  Kelly  car- 
ried on  the  business  alone.  During  the  de- 
structive fire  of  June,  1889,  Mr.  Kelly  was 
burned  out,  at  a  loss  of  $13,000,  bnt  immedi- 
ately resumed  and  continued  up  to  August, 
1892,  when,  owing  to  sickness,  he  sold  out  and 
retired  from  business,  except  for  certain  real- 
estate  speculations. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Kelly  was  married  in  1870,  to  Missxinna 
Pullen,  a  native  of  Olympia  and  daugliter  of 
Edwin  Pullen,  a  pioneer  of  1850.  She  was  the 
first  white  girl  born  in  the  town.  They  have 
five  children:  Chester  Willard,  x\nnie  May  (de- 
ceased), James  G.,  Blanche  A.  and  Frederick  M. 

Socially,  Mr.  Kelly  affiliates  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  being  Past  Chief  Patriarch  of  the  En- 
campment. He  is  Past  Chancellor  Commander 
of  Harmonie  Lodge,  No.  5,  and  for  eight  years 
was  President  of  the  Endowment  Rank,  K.  of  P. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  B.  V. 
O.  E.,  and  Patriotic  Sons  of  America. 


CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  J.  BPtYANT,  de- 
scends from  an  ancestry  of  seafaring  peo- 
ple who  formerly  resided  in  the  North  of 
Ireland.  His  grandfather  was  connected  with 
the  English  navy.  His  father.  Captain  Peter 
J.  Bryant,  sailed  between  New  York,  Liverpool 
and  Atlantic  ports.  He  married  Catlierine  Har- 
rison, of  Scotch  descent,  and  to  them  was  born, 
upon  their  voyage  between  Liverpool  and  New 
Orleans,  in  December,  18i2,  the  subject  of  this 
sketcli.  Captain  Peter  J.  Bryant  followed  the 
sea  about  fifty  years  and  was  w-ell-known  in  tlie 
early  packet-ship  service.  Our  subject  was 
reared  upon  the  sea,  and  at  the  age  of  eight 
years  was  put  upon  the  ship's  articles  at  twer.ty- 
five  cents  per  month.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
years  he  shipped  with  Captain  Heman  N".  Bart- 
lett,  upon  the  bark  Elsinore,  of  Maine,  and  re- 
mained with  liim  a  number  of  years,  spending 
a  part  of  each  winter  on  shore  in  attending  the 
public  schools,  the  summers  being  spent  upon 
the  sea.  He  served  in  every  capacity  from  buy 
and  cook  up  the  scale  to  Captain.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  years  he  was  mate  of  the  American 
Union  and  took  a  load  of  iron  piles  from  Cardiff 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Suez  canal  then  in  progress 
of  construction.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years 
he  became  Master,  his  first  vessel  being  a  brig 
called  Mary  C.  Comery.  From  sailing  into 
every  port  in  the  world,  the  Captain  became 
popularly  known  as  the  "  Roving  Sailor,"  and 
in  1872  he  built,  in  East  Boston,  a  bark,  which 
he  christened  under  the  same  name.  With  her 
he  made  many  successful  voyages,  as  she  was 
not  only  stiff,  in  a  storm,  but  a  very  fast  sailer. 
In  August,  1873,  as  he  was  leaving  Troon, 
Scotland,  bound  for  Demerara,  South   America, 


in  passing  through  the  English  chatmel  and 
opening  up  the  North  channel,  lie  struck  a  heavy 
storm  in  which  many  vessels  and  yachts  were 
washed  ashore.  The  Captain  sighted  one  yacht 
in  a  helpless  condition,  with  five  ladies  and  one 
man  on  board,  drifting  toward  the  beach,  and 
although  realizing  the  dangers,  his  human  heart 
prompted  the  attempt  and  he  rescued  the  entire 
party,  although  placing  his  vessel  in  a  critical 
condition.  But,  l)y  being  quick  to  answer  the 
helm,  his  able  management  saved  tlie  ship  and 
he  returned  the  entire  party  to  their  liomes. 
He  was  then  tendered  financial  remuneration, 
but  he  declining  their  offers  they  inscribed  the 
following  letter: 

"Leith,  Scotland,  September  4,  1873. 
Captain  W.  J.  Bryant,  Ship  '  Roving  Sailor,'' 
of  Boston,  United  States: 

Dear  Sir: — We,  the  undersigned  pleasure 
fishing  party,  whom  you  so  humanely  and 
timeously  rescued  off  Whiting  bay,  island  of 
Arran,  on  the  night  of  the  28th  of  August  last, 
consider  it  our  duty  to  tender  yon  our  best 
thanks  for  your  kindness  on  that  occasion. 
When  totally  exhausted  by  our  fruitless  en- 
deavors to  make  land,  and  hardly  daring  to  hope 
that  any  vessel  would  notice  us,  w^e  sighted  your 
ship,  and  your  promptitude  in  putting  about  to 
help  us  at  evident  risk  and  personal  inconven- 
ience, was  only  equaled  by  your  courtesy  to  us 
when  received  on  board.  We  therefore  beg  you 
to  accept  this  as  a  feeble  but  genuine  expression 
of  our  gratitude  for  your  human  and  courteous 
conduct  on  the  above  occasion,  and  to  assure  you 
of  its  being  our  united  and  individual  wish  that 
you  may  be  spared  to  live  a  long,  happy  and  pros- 
perous life.  We  remain.  Dear  Sir,  yours  most 
sincerely.  Annie,  Sr.,  Annie,  Jr.  and  Mima  Dun- 
lap  and  Maggie  Young,  of  Leith;  Jane  Holme, 
of  Liverpool,  and  Pat  Cameron,  of  Leith." 

After  landing  his  passengers  the  Captain 
again  set  forth  and  made  a  rapid  and  successful 
voyage,  and  prosperity  seemed  to  attend  the 
"  Roving  Sailor "  up  to  1877,  when  she  was 
caught  in  a  typhoon  at  Yokohama,  and  washed, 
head  on,  to  tlie  beach.  He  attached  a  small 
line  to  a  common  kerosene  can,  which  was 
whirled  ashore  by  the  wind  and  by  this  means 
connection  with  shore  was  established.  Lines 
were  drawn  and  the  entire  family  and  crew  were 
saved.  There  were  175  vessels  lost  in  the 
storm,  and  the  beach  was  strewn  with  the  dead 
from  the  other  ships.      He  continued    to  follow 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON: 


tlie  sea  up  to  1879,  his  last  ship  being  the  "A. 
0.  Dickerinan,"  which  after  an  extended  trip  to 
China,  Japan  and  the  Sandwich  islands,  landed 
him  safely  in  I'uget  Sound,  and  he  retired  from 
the  sea. 

He  tlien  settled  in  Sonoma  county,  California, 
and  remained  until  18S3,  when  he  came  to  Seat- 
tle to  take  charge  of  the  shipping  business  of 
John  L.  Howard.  He  then  passed  one  year  at 
Bellingham  bay  and  returned  to  Seattle  in  1885 
to  accept  the  appointment  as  United  States  In- 
spector of  Hulls.  His  district  extends  from 
Gray's  Harbor  to  Chilcat  and  covers  all  the 
waters  of  the  Puget  Sound  and  the  inland  pas- 
saoje. 

He  was  married,  in  Orrington,  Maine,  in  1864, 
to  Miss  Ellen  J.  Rooks,  of  that  State.  She  died 
in  1874,  leaving  two  children:  William  H.  and 
Minnie  £.  Captain  Bryant  was  again  married, 
in  1875,  at  Pawtucket,  Rhode  Island,  being 
united  to  Miss  Fanny  E.  Harriman,  of  Orring- 
ton, Maine.  They  have  five  children:  Charles 
E.,  Albert,  Walter,  George  and  Willis. 

Socially  Captain  Bryant  affiliates  with  the  F. 
&  A.  M.  He  was  one  of  the  early  developers 
of  Bellingham  bay,  where  he  still  owns  town  and 
farm  property.  He  also  owns  valuable  inside 
property  in  the  city  of  Seattle. 


FTfrGE  CROCKETT,  one  of  the  most  in- 
rpM.  dustrious  and  successful  men  of  the 
J  4i  thriving  town  of  Puyallup,  Washington, 
■^  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  the  date  of  his 

birth  being  September  21,  1829. 

Colonel  Walter  Crockett,  the  father  of  Hugh, 
was  born  of  Scotch  parents,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  Legislature  at  the  time  General 
La  Eayette  made  his  first  visit  to  America. 
Colonel  Hugh  Crockett,  the  grandfather  of  our 
suljject,  in  company  with  General  Greene, 
fouglit  Lord  Cornwallis  in  the  battle  of  Guilford 
Court  House,  North  Carolina,  March  15,  1781. 

In  connection  with  that  battle.  Colonel  Wal- 
ter Crockett  used  to  relate  the  following: 

During  the  progress  of  the  battle  the 
American  army  retreated  from  the  field  and  left 
a  small  boy  wounded;  and  when  Commander 
Wallace  and  his  staff  came  up  he  heard  the 
commander  say,  "Well,  this  is  terrible!  Hei'e  is 
only  this  hoj  and  our  men  are  cut  all  to  pieces! 


It's  them  d — d  rifles  that  done  this."  One 
of  bis  subordinates  said,  "We  have  rifles  too." 
His  Lordship  replied  that  they  wei-e  the  "fag 
end  of  the  bar."  The  boy,  whose  name  was 
Sawyei'S,  was  left  on  the  field,  but  soon  after- 
ward he  overtook  the  army;  and  this  is  the 
story  he  related.  He  recovered  from  his  wounds 
and  returned  to  his  home  in  Virginia,  where  he 
lived  to  manhood  and  became  the  the  father  of 
a  happy  family.  Mr.  Hugh  Crockett  has  seen 
some  of  his  descendants,  who  were  pointed  out 
to  him  in  connection  with  the  above  story. 

Hugh  Crockett  lived  in  Virginia  until  he  was 
nine  years  old,  when  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  Missouri.  His  oldest  brother  left  home  in 
1844  and  came  across  the  plains  in  General 
Gilliam's  train,  the  second  emigrant  train  that 
came  to  this  coast.  He  wrote  home  in  such 
flattering  terms  of  the  delightful  and  healthy 
climate  that  even  before  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  California  they  were  all  anxious  to  come  to 
Puget  Sound.  Then,  after  that  great  event, 
such  glowing  accounts  came  to  them  they  at 
once  started  for  the  West,  leaving  JKime  in  the 
spring  of  1851  and  ai-riviiig  at  (  »lyiTi]iiii,  Wash- 
ington Territory,  in  Ndvcmlifi-  lA'  thiit  year. 
They  all  remained  in  Oljuiiaa  during  .the 
winter,  and  in  the  spring  Hugh  Crockett  went 
to  Whidby  island,  took  a  claim  of  160  acres, 
and  lived  there  for  twenty-three  years. 

Nearly  all  the  pioneers  had  many  hardships 
to  endure,  but  there  are  vei-y  few  that  have  ex- 
perienced as  many  difficulties,  both  in  coming 
across  the  plains  and  in  the  early  settlement  of 
the  country,  as  has  this  sturdy  okl  pioneer, 
Hugh  Crockett.  Tiiey  had  niufS'  to' fear  from 
the  northern  Indians,  as  the  latter  were  contin- 
ually making  raids  upon  the  whites.  If  the 
Indians  ever  received  an  injury,  fancied  or 
otherwise,  they  were  sure  to  retaliate,  blood  for 
blood  being  their  motto;  and  the  innocent  and 
unsuspecting  were  usually  the  sufferers. 

After  Island  county  was  organized,  Mr. 
Crockett  served  as  its  iirst  Sheriff. 

After  selling  his  farm,  he  moved  to  Seattle 
and  worked  in  a  sawmill  for  two  years.  In 
1877  he  bought  six  acres  of  land  where  the 
town  of 'Puyallup  now  stands.  This  land  was 
subsequently  laid  out  in  town  lots  and  sold  as 
such.  Then  he  bought  seven  acres  located  one 
mile  from  the  town,  to  the  cultivation  of  which 
he  has  since  devoted  his  time  and  attention. 

In  October,  1863,  Mr.  Crockett  married  Mrs. 
R.  J.  Bond,  formerly    Rachel   Good.     She  was 


UISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


born  in  England  in  February,  1833,  and  came 
to  this  country  with  her  husband.  They  have 
DO  children. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge,  No. 
38,  at  Puyallup,  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  No.  18, 
at  the  same  place  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Eastern  Star  and  of  the 
Daughters  of  Reljekah. 


,-^- 


-•^ 


ELL  B.  MAPEL,  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers to  the  vicinity  of  Seattle,  was  born 
1  in  Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  November  VZ, 

1831.  His  parents,  Jacob  and  Catherine 
(Adams)  Mapel,  were  natives  of  Greene 
county,  Pennsylvania,  of  Holland-German  an- 
cestry, the  American  descendants  being  con- 
nected with  the  Revolutionary  war.  Jacob 
Mapel  moved  to  Ohio  about  1820,  and  there 
farmed  up  to  1844,  then  pushed  west  and  set- 
tled in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  which  had  been 
opened  by  Government  purchase  fi'om  the  In- 
dians. There  Mr.  Mapel  farmed  to  1850,  then, 
with  his  son,  Samuel  A.,  crossed  the  plains  to 
California,  and  mined  up  to  1851.  There  he 
met  L.  M.  Collins,  a  pioneer  of  1847  to  the 
Nisqually  river,  and  Henry  Van  Asselt;  and, 
learning  of  the  Puget  Sound  country,  they  all 
came  north  to  Collins'  place,  and  subsequently 
all  traveled  down  the  Sound  to  the  Duwamish 
river,  and  located  their  donation  claims,  and 
were  the  first  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  Seattle. 
Eli  B.  Mapel  was  raised  upon  the  frontier, 
and  privileged  with  but  a  limited  common- 
school  education,  chiefly  gained  by  the  fireside. 
He  remained  with  his  parents  up  to  1852,  then, 
learning  from  his  father  by  letter  of  the  nortli- 
west  country,  he  engaged  with  James  Jinkins, 
of  Iowa,  to  assist  him  in  crossing  the  plains, 
receiving  rations  for  labor.  Young  Mapel  drove 
an  ox  team,  consisting  of  ten  yokes,  from  Iowa 
to  the  Umatilla  river,  when  the  provisions  were 
running  very  low;  and,  to  leave  more  for  the 
family,  our  subject  with  four  companions, 
each  with  his  knapsack  and  gun  and*  without 
one  morsel  of  food  and  no  blankets,  started  on 
foot  for  the  Dalles,  distant  125  miles  !  Hoping 
to  meet  emigrants,  they  took  no  supplies,  but 
in  this  they  were  disappointed,  and  in  conse- 
quence passed  four  days  without  food,  sleeping 
upon  the  groimd  at  night.  Two  of  the  men 
gave  out,   but   were   picked    up   by  emigrants; 


the  others  pushed  forward  and  arrived  in  a 
half-dead  condition.  At  the  Dalles  the  meals 
were  $1  each,  but  Mr.  Mapel  got  the  worth  of 
his  money,  as  he  ate  ten  biscuits,  beefsteak, 
beans  and  other  things  in  proportion,  and  drank 
six  cups  of  coffee  !  x\fter  resting,  they  con- 
tinued their  journey,  meeting  with  similar  hard- 
ships until  arriving  at  Portland,  where  our 
subject  worked  for  his  board  in  the  hotel  of  Dr. 
Schaug. 

After  a  few  days  he  continued  his  journey, 
and  traveled  by  steamer  to  the  mouth  of  Cow- 
litz river,  in  company  with  II.  L.  Yesler,  then 
on  his  way  to  California,  to  purchase  a  sawmill 
to  bring  to  Puget  Sound.  Mr.  Mapel's  journey 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Cowlitz  to  Olympia  was 
a  series  of  hardships  and  difficulties, — rendering 
services  to  the  emigrants  for  food,  at  other  times 
living  upon  dried  salmon  and  potatoes.  In 
Olympia  he  was  employed  by  George  Barnes, 
at  $4  per  day,  in  clearing  town  lots,  paying  $15 
per  week  for  board,  consisting  of  dried  salmon, 
potatoes,  hard  bread  and  wheat  coffee,  and  rarely 
getting   enough   to  satisfy   hunger.       There  he 

et  Dr.  D.  S.  Maynard,  of  Seattle,  and  with 
him  and  W.  M.  Latimer,  made  the  trip  down 
the  Sound,  experiencing  a  very  stormy  passage, 
and  spending  three  days  on  the  journey,  arriv- 
ing in  Seattle  on  November  12, 1852.  Heihen 
joined  his  father  on  the  Duwamish  river,  and 
with  him  engaged  in  getting  out  piles  and 
squaring  timber  for  the  San    Francisco  market. 

In  1854  Mr.  Mapel  purchased  the  claim  of 
his  father,  who  returned  to  the  East  for  his 
family;  but,  finding  a  sick  wife,  unable  to  travel, 
he  farmed  in  Iowa  until  his  wife  died,  in  1861 ; 
then,  in  1862,  with  four  children,  he  again 
crossed  the  plains  to  Washington,  and  settled 
on  the  Duwamish  river. 

During  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'56,  Eli  B. 
was  an  active  participant,  first  as  a  member  of 
Company  II,  three-months  meu,  under  Captain 
C.  C.  Hewitt,  and  then  in  the  volunteer  service, 
under  Captain  Edward  Lander,  and  later  under 
Captain  A.  A.  Denny,  for  six  months, — the 
time  being  spent  in  guarding  homes,  opening 
roads  and  in  driving  back  the  Indian  depreda- 
tors. 

After  peace  was  declared  he  was  variously 
employed  up  to  1859,  when  he  was  married,  in 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  to  Miss  Harriette  J. 
Hurlburt,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  with  her  re- 
turned to  his  donation  claim  on  the  Duwainisli 
river,  and  there   resided    up  to  1872,   when    he 


His  four  OF  WAsniNoTOJSt. 


moved  to  Yakima  county  to  look  after  his  stock 
interests.  After  that  date  he  alternated  be- 
tween the  east  side  of  the  mountains  aTid  his 
ranch  near  Seattle,  until  closing  out  his  stock 
interests  about  1882. 

In  1884  he  located  near  Albany,  Oregon, 
purchased  a  valuaMe  farm  of  336  acres,  which 
he  operated  about  four  years,  then  divided  it 
among  his  children.  Six  children  were  added 
to  his  marriage — four  sons  and  two  daughters. 
Mr.  Mapel  was  again  married  in  Springfield, 
Missouri,  October  6,  1891,  to  Miss  Agnes  Red- 
dick,  of  Kentucky.  They  reside  on  the  corner 
of  Fourth  and  Wall  streets,  where  Mr.  Maple 
owns  one- fourth  of  a  block,  well  improved  with 
large  stable  and  two  residences;  and  he  has  other 
city  property.  Hie  life  has  been  filled  with 
incident  and  adventure,  synonymous  with  the 
struggles  and  triumphs  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
early  '50s  to  the  Northwest  territory. 


EA.    LIGHT,    a    well-known    citizen    of 
Steilacoom.  Washington,  was  born  Oeto- 
1   ber  8,  1822,  near  Westtield,  ChautaiKjua 

county.  New  York,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie. 
His  paternal  grandparents  were  natives  of  Hol- 
land, but  his  father  and  mother,  Israel  and 
Polly  (Price)  Light,  were  both  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania. Israel  Light  was  a  farmer  by  pro- 
fession, and  this  occupation  he  followed  in 
Chautauqua  county.  New  York.  Of  tiieir  fam- 
ily of  six  children  only  two  lived  to  attain 
years  of  maturity:  E.  A.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch;  and  H.  W.  Light,  who  died  at  Snoho- 
mish, Washington,  in  1892. 

When  eight  years  of  age  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  began  his  services  as  printers'  "devil" 
in  the  office  of  the  American  Eagle  at  West- 
field,  New  York.  He  there  worked  for  nearly 
five  years,  when  he  joined  his  family  on  a  farm 
on  the  west  side  of  Chautauqua  lake.  He  re- 
mained at  the  home  for  some  time,  working  at 
anything  that  he  found  to  do,  incidentally  being 
employed  for  about  a  year  in  a  cabinet  shop, 
where  he  became  familiar  with  the  varied  de- 
tails of  the  work. 

In  the  spring  of  1842  Mr.  Light  started  for 
Wisconsin,  being  unprovided  with  money  and 
trusting  in  his  ability  to  maintain  himself.  He 
passed  his  first  night  after  starting  in  James- 
town, at   the  foot  of  Chautauqua  lake.     Here 


he  found  work  in  a  sawmill,  and  assisted  in 
rafting  lumber  down  through  divers  tortuous 
streams  until  he  reached  Pittsburg.  The  lum- 
ber was  thence  rafted  down  the  Ohio  river  to 
Cincinnati.  Fi-om  that  city  he  took  a  steamer 
for  Galena,  Illinois,  where  he  arrived  safely, 
but  with  his  cash  capital  reduced  to  twenty-five 
cents.  He,  however,  succeeded  in  completing 
his  journey,  and  in  due  time  arrived  at  his  des- 
tination in  Janesville,  Rock  county,  Wisconsin. 
He  found  employment  on  a  farm  on  East  Rock 
Prairie,  became  an  adept  at  splitting  rails  and 
in  driving  a  breaking  team,  and  finally,  after  a 
faithful  service  of  eight  months'  duration,  he 
attended  adistrict  schdol  for  three  months,  after 
which  he  rented  an  improved  eighty-acre  farm. 
In  the  ensuing  fall  he  sold  his  crop,  and  with 
tlie  proceeds  purchased  forty  acres  of  prairie 
and  forty  of  burr  oak  timber  land,  besides  two 
lots  in  Janesville.  He  wished  to  further  prose- 
cute his  education,  and  accordingly  entered  the 
Milton  Academy,  where  lie  remained  one  year, 
when  lie  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  studies, 
over-application  having  injured  his  eyes. 

Our  subject  did  not  abate  his  ambition,  but 
turned  its  course  once  more  to  agricultural  en- 
terprises. He  purchased  more  land  in  Green 
county,  Wisconsin,  commenced  operations  and 
was  soon  married  to  a  very  estimable  young 
lady.  Miss  Caroline  A.  Montgomery,  a  native  of 
Genesee  county.  New  York,  who,  by  a  singular 
coincidence,  was  four  years,  four  mouths  and 
four  days  younger  than  himself.  Four  years 
after  his  marriage  Mr.  Light  fitted  up  a  team 
for  a  trip  across  the  plains  to  California,  but  he 
finally  resigned  this  plan  by  reason  of  the  im- 
paired health  of  his  wife.  He,  however,  passed 
over  to  the  bottom  lands,  on  the  Volga  river,  in 
Fayette  county,  Iowa,  and  prepared  an  abun- 
dance of  feed  for  his  stock,  and  the  next  winter 
built  a  good  double-log  house.  He  decided 
finally  that  tlie  land  on  which  he  had  settled 
was  particularly  valuable  and  olfered  an  excel- 
lent site  for  a  sawmill.  He  accordingly  pur- 
chased the  property,  and  upon  his  return  from 
a  business  trip  to  his  old  home  in  Wisconsin  he 
got  out  the  timlier  for  a  mill,  taught  a  term  of 
school  the  next  winter,  and  in  the  following 
spring  started  a  finely  equipped  sawmill,  with  a 
run  of  stone  for  grinding  corn  and  chop  feed. 
In  the  fall  he  sold  out  his  entire  property, 
mostly  on  time,  and  gave  his  attention  to  pre- 
paring for  the  projected  but  long  deferred  trip 
across  the  plains  to  the  Pacific  coast.     In  the 


UlaTOUr    OF     WAJSUIHGTOiS. 


early  spring  he  set  forth  for  the  land  of  the  set- 
ting suu,  liolding  the  Piiget  Sound  couutry,  in 
Washington  Territory,  as  his  destination.  In 
the  party  were  his  wife  and  an  infant  son  and 
two  young  men,  John  Bagon  and  Charles  Had- 
ley.  After  a  journey  of  over  six  months'  dura- 
tion they  arrived  at  Steilacoom  plains  on  the 
8th  day  of  October,  1853. 

Mr.  Light's  career  in  Washington  has  been 
one  of  very  successful  order,  and  his  name  has 
been  associated  with  many  notable  enterprises 
and  ofBcial  preferments.  He  at  first  devoted 
himself  to  carpentry,  and  later  sent  several  ship 
loads  of  square  timber  and  piles  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  1854  he  built  a  line  residence  in 
Steilacoom,  Pierce  county,  the  same  having  been 
said  to  be  the  largest  house  in  the  Territory  at 
that  time.  The  building  is  still  the  home  of 
our  subject  and  his  family.  In  1855,  during 
the  Indian  war,  Mr.  Light,  in  company  with 
Henry  Wilson,  was  engaged  in  the  liotel  busi- 
ness at  Steilacoom,  their  place  being  one  of  the 
most  popular  in  the  Territory.  After  about  a 
year  Mr.  Light  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  hotel 
and  returned  by  water  to  Iowa  to  look  after  his 
property  there,  the  same  having  reverted  to 
him  by  reason  of  failure  of  the  purchasers  to 
pay  for  the  same.  On  his  return  to  Steilacoom, 
after  an  absence  of  a  year,  he  became  associated 
with  Andrew'  and  Preston  iiyrd  and  built  the 
Byrd  gristmill,  three  miles  from  the  town. 
After  the  mill  was  completed  he  returned  to 
Steilacoom  and  engaged  in  the  book  and  sta- 
tionery business.  He  served  in  numerous  offi- 
cial capacities,  including  that  of  Postmaster, 
Notary  Public  and  United  States  Commissioner. 
He  held  the  office  of  County  Surveyor  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  finally  had  to  refuse  to 
qualify  in  order  to  free  himself  from  service  in 
the  line.  He  has  held  preferment  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  and  various  municipal  positions,  in- 
cluding that  of  Mayor  of  Steilacoom.  In  1862 
Mr.  Light  made  a  trip  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines,  in  Idaho,  crossing  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains on  snow-shoes.  He  was  absent  about  three 
months,  and  soon  after  his  return  he  was  elected 
Probate  Judge  and  County  Treasurer.  He  also 
became  largely  interested  in  a  wholesale  and 
retail  business  in  general  meichandise.  The 
firm  bought  a  lumber  mill  on  Xorth  bay,  the 
Byrd  gristmill  purchased  the  wharf  in  Steila- 
coom and  built  and  operated  a  vessel  (named 
Clara  Light,  in  honor  of  the  daughter  of  our 
subject),  which   was   placed    in  commission  be- 


tween San  Francisco  and  Steilacoom.  The  firm 
dissolved  after  a  successful  career  of  about  six 
years. 

Mr.  Light  continued  a  grocery  store  and 
prosecuted  his  wharf  and  lumber  business  in 
Steilacoom,  but  removed  his  family  to  North 
bay,  in  Mason  county,  where  he  conducted  a 
large  lumbering  business,  remaining  at  that 
point  about  two  years,  and  thus  securing  re- 
lease from  the  major  portion  of  his  oflicial  posi- 
tions. Pie  secured  the  establishment  of  a  post- 
oflice  at  his  place  in  Mason  county  and  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster.  He  finally  disposed  of  his 
mill  property  and  returned  to  Steilacoom,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  but  has  jjersistently  re- 
fused ottice.  His  last  executive  incumbency 
was  as  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools. 
Mr.  Light  claims  to  have  never  asked  a  man's 
influence  or  vote  at  a  nomination  convention  or 
an  election,  and  it  has  ever  in  his  case  been  an 
exemplification  of  the  office  seeking  the  man, 
not  the  man  the  oflice.  Mainly  through  his 
own  influence  he  was  defeated  for  joint  Coun- 
cilman for  Pierce  and  King  counties,  in  the 
flrst  Territorial  Legislature.  While  running 
the  hotel  at  Steilacoom  he  was  again  a  nominee 
for  the  lower  house  of  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, but  was  again  defeated  by  false  state- 
ments in  regard  to  his  being  connected  with  the 
"  Know-Nothing"  party,  and  his  own  assertion 
that  he  could  not  leave  his  business  to  serve  if 
elected.  Many  other  similar  episodes  might  be 
recounted  in  regard  to  the  public  and  seuii- 
public  ottices  to  which  our  subject  has  been 
called,  but  the  enumeration  is  unneccessary  at 
this  point. 

Mr.  Light  is  a  Freemason;  has  several  times 
been  Master  of  Steilacoom  Lodge,  No.  2,  twice 
Senior  Grand  Warden,  and  also  served  one  term 
as  Grand   Marshal  and  Deputy  Grand  Master. 

Our  subject  and  wife  had  six  children,  of 
whom  the  first-born  died  in  infancy,  and  the 
youngest  son,  F.  T.  Light,  died  when  eighteen 
years  of  age.  Henry  and  Ira  D.  reside  at  home 
with  their  father;  Clara  V.  is  now  the  wife  of 
E.  F.  Kubel,  editor  of  the  Los  Angeles  Sunday 
World;  and  Harvey  A.  is  married  and  living  in 
San  Francisco.  Mr.  Light  was  called  upon  to 
mourn  the  death  of  his  wife  in  August,  1885, 
at  Steilacoom,  her  loss  causing  great  sorrow  to 
her  family  and  a  large  number  of  friends  who 
knew  and  appreciated  her  worth. 

As  the  result  of  an  industrious  career  Mr. 
Light    enjoys  a  comfortable    income,   owning 


BISTORT    OP    tASIlINQTOii. 


property  in  California,  a  valuable  farm  in  Pierce 
county,  Wasliington,  besides  city  realty  in  Ta- 
coma  and  in  Steilacoom.  He  may  justly  be 
numbered  with  the  substantial  and  influential 
men  of  the  community,  to  the  advancement  and 
welfare  of  which  he  has  devoted  his  best  and 
noblest  efforts. 

LYMAX  W.   BONNEY,  a  pioneer  of  1852 
I    to  the  Territory  of  Washington,  was  born 
1   in  Des  Moines  county,   Iowa,    March  17, 

1843.  His  father,  Sherwood  S.  Bonney,  was  a 
native  of  Cornwall,  Connecticut,  but  his  earliest 
recollection  was  of  Portage  county,  Ohio,  wliei-e 
his  parents  einigi'ated  in  bis  infancy.  There 
he  was  raised  upon  the  frontier,  undergoing 
many  hardships,  with  few  educational  advan- 
tages. He  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  was  mar- 
ried in  the  same  locality,  and  in  1839  moved  to 
Iowa,  and  lived  there  up  to  1852,  when  he 
learned  of  the  prospects  and  advantages  of  the 
Northwest  territory,  sacrificed  his  farm  for 
$1,000,  purcliased  two  wagons,  six  yoke  of 
oxen,  two  cows  and  provisions  for  the  journey, 
and  with  his  wife  and  six  childreti,  all  in  good 
health  and  spirits,  started  on  that  toilsome  jour- 
ney across  the  plain  and  mountain,  the  stern 
realities  of  which  were  soon  realized — through 
the  ditticulties  of  travel,  high  water  in  rivers, 
shortness  of  feed  for  cattle,  or  fuel  for  tire,  and 
later  by  sickness  of  the  family  and  the  death  of 
his  dear  wife  and  infant  son,  who  were  laid  in 
their  last  resting  place.  Those  were  days  of 
heroic  labor  and  not  of  sentiment,  and  after 
concealing  the  graves  as  ranch  as  possible  from 
Indians  the  march  forward  was  resumed,  and 
he  ultimately  arrived  in  the  Willamette  valley, 
and  spent  the  flrst  winter  on  French  prairie, 
Marion  connty. 

In  the  spring  of  1853,  he  moved  to  Salem, 
where  the  children  attended  school.  During 
the  summer  he  met  Dexter  Horton  and  Thomas 
Mercer,  and  learned  of  the  Sound  country,  and 
in  the  tall  of  1853,  with  ox  teams,  he  moved  to 
Steilacoom,  took  a  donation  claim  at  American 
lake,  afterward  made  a  farm  at  Sumner,  where 
lie  lived  to  1885,  and  then  moved  to  Lake  Yiew, 
where  he  still  resides,  aged  eighty-one  years, 
but  stout,  hearty  and  apparently  in  perfect 
health.  He  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace 
elected  by  the  people  in  Pierce  county,  and  per- 
formed the  first  marriage  service. 


The  boyhood  of  our  subject  was  one  of  labor, 
instead  of  educational  advantage,  and  at  the  age 
of  eleven  years  began  working  out.  During 
the  Indian  war  of  1855-'56,  being  too  young  to 
enlist,  he  and  his  brother  David  took  their  team 
and  followed  the  volunteers,  hauling  supplies 
and  performing  other  necessary  work. 

Afttr  the  war  our  subject  hired  to  Jacob 
Leach,  and  they  were  the  first  to  return  to  the 
Puyallup  valley,  to  resume  agricultural  life. 
Thus  his  summers  were  passed  in  labor,  and 
during  the  winters  he  attended  the  district 
school,  thus  securing  a  moderate  education, 
taking  some  of  the  higher  branches  at  the  Puget 
Sound  Institute,  at  Olympia.  In  the  spring  of 
1859  he  engaged  with  Hobert  Goodburn,  at 
Steilacoom,  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade,  and 
remained  with  him  to  the  spring  of  1861,  when 
a  little  company  was  formed  to  cross  the  moun- 
tains by  the  Natchez  Pass  to  the  Wonatchee 
mines.  Keaching  the  snow  line,  the  horses 
were  returned  to  the  Sound  and  the  men  started 
on  foot,  but  the  slow  and  difficult  climbing, 
with  high  water  in  the  rivers — which  they  built 
rafts  to  cross — so  delayed  their  progress  that 
their  provisions  began  running  short,  and  they 
started  for  Wallula;  but  becoming  lost  in  the 
woods  and  canons  their  food  gave  out,  and  five 
days  were  passed  in  hardship  and  exposure  be- 
fore reaching  John  Day  rapids,  where  they  met 
a  band  of  Indians  and  purchased  a  little  dried 
salmon.  They  passed  the  rapids  in  a  small 
canoe,  and  were  then  taken  on  the  little  steamer 
Spokane,  and  carried  to  the  Dalles.  There  they 
built  a  boat  rnd  drifted  down  the  Columbia 
river  to  the  Cowlitz,  and  returned  to  Steilacoom. 
Then,  with  horses,  they  returned  to  the  Dalles, 
which  was  a  difficult  and  laborious  journey, 
but,  being  finally  accomplished,  Messrs.  Bonney 
and  Goodburn  engaged  in  the  carpenter  busi- 
ness, which  they  continued  up  to  1866,  then 
with  horses  and  wagon,  drove  to  the  Owyhee 
country,  Silver  City,  Idaho,  and  there  followed 
mining  and  their  trade.  In  the  fall  they  dis- 
solved partnership,  Mr.  Bonney  continuing  the 
business,  ultimately  forming  the  partnership  of 
Bishop,  Bonney  &  Co..  and  followed  contract- 
ing and  building,  built  and  operated  a  sash  and 
door  factory,  and  sold  paints,  oils,  hardware  and 
builders'   supplies. 

In  1869  Mr.  Bonney  made  a  trip  to  White 
Pine,  Nevada,  and  passed  about  two  years  in 
various  mining  districts,  engaged  at  his  trade 
and  prospecting.       He  then  returned   to  Silver 


UISTORT    OP     WASHINGTON. 


City,  and  Bishop  retired  from  the  old  lirin. 
Bonney  &  Jones  continned  to  1873,  wiien  sub- 
ject sold  out  and  went  to  San  Francisco,  and 
followed  raining  speculations  about  five  years, 
with  its  varied  experiences  of  prosperity  and  ad- 
versity, which  ultimately  ended  in  his  "  dead- 
broke"  condition,  and  he  returned  to  his  trade 
to  get  money  enough  to  "  carry  him  out  of 
town." 

In  1878  he  returned  to  the  old  farm,  which 
he  rented  from  his  father,  but  after  one  year 
quit  farming  and  resumed  his  trade  in  Tacoma, 
and  later  at  Portland,  where  he  conducted  a  job- 
bing shop  up  to  April,  1882,  then  came  to  Se- 
attle and  bought  an  interest  in  the  cabinet  shop 
and  undertaking  establishment  of  O.  C.  Storey, 
and  organized  the  iirm  of  O.  C.  Storey  &,  Co. 
This  was  the  pioneer  firm  in  the  city  in  making 
undertaking  a  special  business,  and  they  were 
the  iirst  to  run  a  regular  hearse,  as  before  open 
wagons  and  carriages  had  been  used  for  hearse 
purposes. 

In  the  spring  of  1889  Mr.  Shorey  sold  his  in- 
terest to  George  M.  Stewart,  thus  forming  the 
firm  of  Bonney  &  Stewart,  who  still  continue 
the  business.  They  are  located  on  the  corner  of 
Third  and  Columbia  streets,  where  they  have 
just  completed  a  three-story  brick  building,  all 
being  devoted  to  the  convenience  of  the  busi- 
ness. They  operate  two  dead  wagons,  three 
hearses,  and  attend  the  greater  part  of  the  fu- 
nerals of  the  city. 

Mr.  Bonney  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in 
1884,  to  Mrs.  Eunice  (Hickle)  Hughes,  a  widow 
with  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  living, 
and  the  family  reside  on  the  corner  of 
Thirteenth  and  University  streets,  where  Mr. 
Bonney  built  in  1891.  Socially  he  affiliates 
with  the  Royal  Arch  Masons,  tlie  I.  O.  O.  F., 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  Woodmen  of  the  World,  Eoyal 
Good  Fellows,  and  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men,  and  commands  the  respect  and  esteem  of 
a  large  circle  of  acquaintances. 


•■h^A-'-^' 


ON.  THOMAS  MELBDRN  E  REED,  one 
of  the  California  Argoiiants  of  1819,  and 
a  Washington  pioneer  of  1857,  was  born 
in  Sharpsburg,  Bath  county,  Kentucky, 
December  8,  1825.  His  parents',  Garnett  B. 
and  Nancy  B.  (Workman)  Reed,  were  natives  of 
the    same   State,   descended   Irom   Enolish  and 


Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  both  branches  settling  in 
Kentucky  about  1790.     Garnett  B.  Reed  was  a 
manufacturer  of  boots  and  shoes  at  Sharpsburg, 
residing  there  or  in  that  vicinity  until  his  death 
in  1847,  his  wife  preceding  him   by  ten  years. 
With  no  public-school  system  in  Kentucky,  the 
education  of  Thomas   M.   was  acquired  by  self- 
application,  and,  being  deprived  of  a  mother's 
care  at  the  age  of   twelve   years,  he  was  early 
thrown  upon  his  own   resources,  and  was   taken 
by  his   uncle,  James  Workman,  a  farmer,  with 
whom  he  remained  seven  years,  at  the  monthly 
stipend    of    $8    during    the    summer     months. 
These  amounts  were  saved  by  young  Reed  and 
expended  upon  his  education  during  the  winter 
months.   At  the  age  of  nineteen  years  lie  began 
teaching  school  in   Fleming  county,  but  after 
one  season  was  offered  increased  wages  as  clerk 
in  a  general    merchandise  store  in  Bath  county. 
With    experience   his   salary  and   position   im- 
proved by  successive  association  with  other  mer- 
cantile houses,  until  he  became  manager  of  a  store 
in  Mason  county,  the  center  of  a  large  hemp  and 
tobacco,  section,  where  a  large  business  was  con- 
ducted.    Remaining    until   February,  1849,  he 
then  started  for  California  by  the  Panama  route. 
With  limited   transportation  facilities  he  spent 
six  weeks  in  Panama;  then  a  company  of  about 
200  individuals  was  organized    and    they  pro- 
ceeded to  Callao,  and  chartered  the  ship  Sylph, 
at  $150  each   to  take  them   to  San  Francisco. 
Encountering  head   winds,   their   progress  was 
very  slow,   and    seventy-eight  days  were   con- 
sumed    on    the    passage,  the     vessel    entering 
through  the  Golden  Gate  July  20.     Mr.   Reed 
then  proceeded  to  Sacramento,  and   being  about 
stranded  financially  accepted  a  position  as  chain 
carrier    in  laying  out   the   streets  of   the  city. 
After  raising    a  little  money  he   proceeded   to 
Mormon  island  on  the  South  fork  of  the  Ameri- 
can river  and  engaged  in  mining,  which  he  con- 
tinued very  successfully  until  the  rains  began, 
then    returned    to  Sacramento  and    performed 
such  work  as  he  could  find    during   the  winter 
months.     In  the  spring  of  1850,  wnth  his   ship 
companion,  Hon.  "John   Conness — late   United 
States  Senator  from   California — he  returned  to 
the  mines  and  worked  until  the  summer  of  1851, 
where  the  two  opened    a   general    merchadise 
store  at  Georgetown,  California.     In  1853  our 
subject  was  elected  Postmaster  under  President 
Pierce,  which  office  he  held  one  year,  then  was 
succeeded  because   of  his    anti-slavery  proclivi- 
ties.    He    continued    his    mercantile    business, 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


<318 


however,  until  1855,  when  he  sold  out.  In 
1853  he  began  the  studj  of  law  with  Selueius 
Garfielde;  and  during  the  same  year  was  elected 
Supervisor  of  El  Dorado  coun-ty,  and  in  1855 
was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  same  county.  At 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  in  1857,  he  came  to 
Olympia,  AVashington  Territory.  He  was  ap- 
pointed agent  for  Wells-Fargo  &  Company, 
and  in  1859  engaged  in  the  merchandise  busi- 
ness with  LI.  A.  Judson,  continuing  until  1861. 
He  then  sold  his  interest.  [Jpon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  civil  war  in  1861,  Mr.  Keed  was 
among  the  tirst  to  help  organize  a  company, 
and  was  elected  Captain,  but  being  so  remote 
from  the  seat  of  war,  the  company  was  not  called 
to  the  front  and  so  disbanded.  In  1862  he  was 
appointed  Deputy  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
under  P.  D.  Moore,  collector  of  Piiget  Sound 
and  Idaho  Districts,  and  during  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature  from 
Idaho  county,  and  with  the  assembling  of  that 
body  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House.  Having 
continued  his  legal  studies  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  AVashington  and  Idaho  in  1863,  and 
in  1804,  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  Idaho,  and  was  elected  to  the  Idaho  Legisla- 
ture from  Nez  Perce  county.  The  legal  busi- 
ness in  Idaho  being  largely  criminal,  Mr.  Reed 
became  tired  of  his  practice,  and  in  1865  sold 
his  library  and  returned  to  Olympia,  where  his 
family  had  continued  to  reside.  Shortly  after 
he  was  appointed  chief  clerk  in  the  Ilnited 
States  Surveyor  General's  office  and  held  that 
position  continuously  for  seven  years,  and  then 
entered  the  field  as  practical  surveyor,  in  which 
occupation  he  continued  until  1877,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Council  from 
Tliurston  and  Lewis  counties,  and  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Council  during  the  session.  On  the 
last  day  of  the  session  he  was  appointed  Terri- 
torial Auditor  by  the  Governor  and  confirmed 
by  the  Council  liefore  adjournment,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  office  until  January,  1888,  when 
he  was  relieved  by  the  Cleveland  administra- 
tion. In  1889  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  and  assisted  that 
body  in  framing  the  constitution  of  the  new 
State.  In  the  fall  of  1889,  at  the  tirst  State 
election,  he  was  elected  State  Auditor  and  com- 
pleted his  term  in  that  capacity. 

Since  1877  Mr.  Reed  has  been  interested  in 
mining  operations  in  Idaho,  Washington  and 
British  Columbia,  and  in  real-estate  speculations 
in  Olympia.      He  has  been    an  extensive  de- 


veloper of  residence  property,  and  built  the 
Post-office  block,, corner  Sixth  and  Washington 
streets,  in  1891.  His  present  handsome  resi- 
dence, corner  Main  and  Thirteenth  streets,  was 
erected  in  1890. 

Mr.  Reed  was  married  at  Upper  Blue  Lake 
Springs,  Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  in  1853,  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Finlay,  who  died  in  1806, 
leaving  two  children:  Thomas  M.,  Jr.,  now 
Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Seattle;  and 
Mark  E.  Mr.  Reed  was  married  in  Olympia 
in  1867,  to  Miss  Eliza  C.  Giddings,  who  died  in 
1871,  leaving  one  child,  Emma.  He  was 
again  married,  in  1873,  to  Miss  Hattie  Fox,  the 
issue  of  this  union  being  one  child,  Garnett 
Avery.  Mr.  Reed  joined  the  Masonic  order 
in  Kentucky  in  1847,  and  is  one  of  its  most 
distinguished  members,  having  taken  all  the 
Scottish-rite  degrees,  including  the  Thirty-third, 
and  all  the  Ycirk-rite  degrees,  including  Royal 
Arch,  Council  R.  iV:  S.  Masters,  and  Knights 
Templar.  He  has  served  as  Grand  High  Priest 
and  for  one  term  as  Grand  Master  of  York 
rite  three  terms.  I'or  thirty-two  years  he  has 
been  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  has 
served  four  years  as  Grand  Secretary  of  Grand 
Chapter;  two  years  as  Grand  Recorder  of 
Grand  Commandery,  and  is  the  present  Grand 
Treasurer  of  the  Grand  Commandery,  having 
served  as  committee  on  correspondence  for  the 
Grand  Lodge  continuously,  and,  until  the  past 
two  years,  for  the  Grand  Chapter  and  Grand 
Commander. 

(^,  >-Sfis<  •!:::» — 

d(0IIN  RUTTER  BLYTII,  who  owns  and 
occupies  a  fine  ranch  near  Bothell,  Wash- 
—  ington,  is  a  native  of  J^Jewcastle,  England, 
born  March  31,  18-10,  hie.  parents  being  Joseph 
and  Mary  (Carr)  Blyth. 

In  his  youth  the  subject  of  our  sketch  learned 
the  trade  of  ship  carpentry,  at  which  he  worked 
a  few  years  in  England.  In  1862,  bidding  fare- 
well to  his  native  land  and  directing  his  course 
toward  America,  in  due  time  he  landed  at  Vic- 
toria, British  Columbia.  He  came  to  Washing- 
ton in  the  spring  of  1864,  and  for  six  months 
worked  for  the  tlie  Port  Madison  Mill  Company. 
After  that  he  went  back  to  British  Columbia, 
where  he  remained  fifteen  months.  Returning 
to  Port  Madison  at  the  end  of  that  time,  ho 
again  entered  the  employ  of  the  same  company, 
and  continued  with   them   two  years.     Pleased 


ki 


HI  STUM  Y    OF    WASHINGTON. 


witli  the  Sound  coimtry  aud  its  surroundings, 
he  decided  to  locate  here  permanently,  and  ac- 
cordingly, on  July  4,  1872,  bought  a  ranch  of 
160  acres  near  Botheli.  About  live  acres  of 
land  were  cleared  at  the  time  he  purchased  it. 
He  now  has  nearly  the  entire  tract  cleared  and 
under  cultivation.  His  present  residence,  which 
he  erected  in  the  summer  of  1888,  is  one  of  tlie 
finest  houses  on  S(piak  slough. 

Mr.   Blyth  was  married   March   11,  1885,  to 
Christiana  Berg,  a  native  of  Sweden. 


I  W.  STEWAET,  a  horticulturist  of  Fierce 
■  county,  Washington,  is  a  native  of  Bond 
county,  Illinois,  born  December  10,  J  828. 
His  parents  were  William  M.  and  Anna 
(Laughlin)  Stewart.  William  M.  Stewart  was 
a  mechanic  of  considerable  ability,  and  worked 
at  his  trade,  in  connection  with  farming,  in 
the  various  localities  in  which  he  resided.  He 
moved  to  Butnam  county,  Illinois,  when  his 
sou,  A.  W.  Stewart,  was  a  child.  In  1839  he 
moved  to  Johnson  county,  low^a,  and  located 
twenty-five  miles  west  of  Iowa  City.  There  he 
lived  for  ten  years,  running  a  carpenter  shop 
and  a  wagon-making  establishment.  In  this 
shop  A.  AV.  worked  as  an  apprentice  until  1849. 
That  year  they  moved  to  Linn  county,  Iowa, 
where  for  two  years  they  carried  on  farming. 
About  that  time  A.  W.,  hearing  rumors  of  the 
fortunes  to  be  made  in  the  far  West,  deter- 
mined to  come  and  see  the  country  for  him- 
self; so,  with  a  few  other  ambitious  friends, 
April  15,  1851,  he  started  across  the  plains, 
driving  an  ox  team.  They  crossed  the  Mis- 
souri river,  and,  in  his  own  words,  "  It  seemed 
as  if  we  had  left  civilization,  for  we  saw  not  a 
soul,  with  the  exception  of  a  train  of  wagons 
now  and  then,  until  we  reached  Bortland,  Ore- 
gon, October  15,  1851." 

Mr.  Stewart  remained  in  Bortland  about  one 
year,  working  in  a  sash  and  door  factory  for  $3 
per  day  and  board.  From  there  he  went  to 
Olympia,  AVashington,  and  took  a  donation 
claim  of  160  acres  on  Chambers'  prairie,  twelve 
miles  from  Olympia,  where  he  lived  for  five 
years,  except  during  the  Indian  war  of  1856-'57, 
M'hen  he  found  it  necessary  to  avail  himself  of 
the  protection  afforded  by  one  of  the  forts. 
At  the  expiration  of  the  time  noted  he  moved 
to  Olympia  and    started   a  wagon- making  and 


general  I'epair  shop,  which  he  conducted  about 
years  and  sold  in  February,  1864.  After  dis- 
posing of  his  shop  he  came  to  Fierce  county 
and  located  five  miles  from  where  Tacoma  has 
since  been  built.  While  here  he  was  employed 
as  carpenter  in  the  Indian  reservation  for  three 
and  a  half  years.  Then  for  four  years  he  lived 
in  old  Tacoma,  this  being  before  auy  railroad 
line  had  reached  the  town.  Finally  Mr.  Stew- 
art decided  to  settle  down  to  farming,  so  he 
went  to  Whatcom  county,  near  where  Blaine  City 
now  stands,  and  pre-empted  160  acres  of  land, 
upon  which  he  lived  for  ten  years,  raising  stock 
aud  general  farm  products.  Becoming  dissatis- 
fied, he  rented  the  farm  and  came  to  Fierce 
county.  Here  he  bought  240  acres  of  land  in 
the  bush  and  swamp  four  miles  north  of  Sum- 
ner, there  being  no  roads  and  not  even  a  trail 
to  ids  land.  The  transformation  that  has  since 
taken  place  here  has  been  marvelous.  He  now 
has  tw'enty-five  acres  in  small  fruits  and  garden. 
He  finds  a  ready  market  for  his  products  and  is 
doing  a  very  successful  business. 

Mr.  Stewart  was  married  September  22,  1853, 
to  Jerusha  White,  who  was  born  in  Sullivan 
county,  Indiana,  November  12,  1835,  daughter 
of  Joseph  A.  and  Elizabeth  (McKee)  White. 
They  have  nine  children:  Joseph  A.,  George  L., 
Charles  A.;  Robert  A.  and  Mary  Ellen  are  at 
home,  aud  the  others  are  married.  Margaret  D. 
lives  in  Seattle;  James  E.  is  a  resident  of  Ana- 
cortes,  Washington;  Annie  E.  lives  near  Blaine, 
Washington,  and  William  W.  lives  in  Olympia, 
Washington. 


J 


OIIN  D.  ATKINSON,  member  of  the 
Seattle  bar,  was  born  at  Connellsville, 
Fennsylvania,  in  July,  1861.  His  parents, 
George  and  Sarah  (Detwiler)  Atkinson,  were 
natives  of  the  same  town,  their  ancestry  being 
among  the  settlers  of  the  colony,  about  1780, 
aud  there  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  John 
D.  received  his  early  education  at  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  he  began  teaching  in  the  city  schools, 
thereby  securing  means  to  continue  his  educa- 
tion in  the  higher  branches.  Thus  following  a 
■system  of  teaching  and  study  he  completed  the 
junior  year  at  the  Indiana  State  University  and 
graduated  from  Wanesburgh  College  in  1886, 
receiving  the  degree  of  A.    B.      He  then   gave 


ULSTOHY    Of    WAsniNGTVN. 


instruction  in  tlie  high  school  at  Scottdale  and 
also  tilled  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  the 
city  schools. 

In  view  of  ultimately  entering  the  legal  pro- 
fession, Mr.  Atkinson  began  tlie  study  of  law 
at  Uniontovvn,  Pennsylvania,  in  1885,  complet- 
ing his  studies  at  the  Union  Law  School  in 
Chicago,  where  he  was  examined  by  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  State  and  admitted  to  the 
bar.  In  January,  1889,  he  came  to  Seattle  with 
a  view  of  following  his  profession,  but  shortly 
after  his  arrival  he  was  engaged  as  assistant 
principal  of  the  high  school,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
later  accepted  the  position  as  principal  of  the 
South  School,  where  he  remained  for  three  years, 
having  in  charge  an  average  of  eighteen 
teachers.  At  the  close  of  the  school  year,  in 
June,  1892,  Mr.  Atkinson  resigned  his  office 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  general  law. 

As  evidence  of  his  ability  in  the  field  of 
education,  in  March,  1891,  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Governor  as  one  of  four  who  comprised  the 
State  Board  of  Education,  by  which  body  he 
was  duly  elected  Secretary.  Mr.  Atkinson  has 
traded  considerably  in  real  estate  about  the 
Sound  and  is  also  one  of  a  syndicate  who  own 
valuable  mining  interests  in  the  Okanogan 
district,  which  are  being  developed  and  show 
rich  deposits  of  free  mining  ores.  The  Alcazar, 
Northern  Light  and  Smuggler  mines  being 
among  the  most  important  developments. 

'j^lICHARD    SAMPSON.— Although    not 
r^     a  pioneer  of  Washington,  Ivichard  Sainp- 
I    ^   son  has  a  career  that  is  worthy  of  men- 
■f/  tion  in  this  work.    Of  him  we  make  the 

following  record: 

Richard  Sampson  was  born  in  London,  Eng- 
land, December  8,  1829,  a  son  of  Thomas  and 
Honor  (Borden)  Sampson,  both  born  and  reared 
in  England.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  anx- 
ious to  start  life  for  himself,  Richard  ran  away 
from  home  to  join  an  English  exploring  party 
that  was  going  to  the  West  India  islands  iu 
search  of  the  Spanish  treasure  hidden  there  and 
also  to  prospect  for  gold.  In  the  original  com- 
pany were  eighteen  men,  but  later  on  this  num- 
ber increased  by  tweuty-two  more.  All  the 
islands  were  in  turn  explored,  no  treasure  was 
found,  but  they  discovered  gold  in  large  quanti- 


ties. While  they  were  searching  for  gold  all 
their  boats  were  lost,  their  means  of  return  to 
England  thereby  being  cut  off.  Their  only  pos- 
sible hope  of  return  was  by  means  of  a  chance 
vessel.  Young  Sampson  reiiained  on  the  island 
nine  years  and  four  months:  in  the  meantime 
all  the  company,  with  the  e.Kception  of  himself 
and  two  others  had  died.  A  supply  vessel  for 
the  Panau)a  Railroad  Company,  passing  by, 
rescued  them  in  1852,  and  took  them  to  the 
Isthmus.  There  they  secured  work  on  the  rail- 
road, but  his  companions  soon  died,  and  after 
their  death  Mr.  Sampson  embarked  for  San 
Erancisco. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  California  he  worked  in 
Grass  valley  until  1800,  when  he  came  to 
Portland.  He  remained  in  Portland  until  1865. 
That  year  be  returned  to  England,  via  New 
York,  and  after  traveling  all  over  England  and 
Europe  came  back  to  California.  Soon  after- 
ward he  engaged  in  mining  in  Nevada,  and 
finally,  in  1891,  he  came  to  Washington.  He 
bought  a  small  farm  near  Midland,  Pierce 
county,  and  is  now  engaged  in  raising  fruit  and 
garden  produce. 

Mrs.  Eliza  Sampson,  the  wife  of  our  subject, 
was  born  iu  Lambeth,  England,  in  1830.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Fuller.  James  Fuller,  her 
father,  was  born  near  the  mouth  of  the  Thames 
river,  in  England,  in  1798,  and  died  in  1833. 
September  30,  1850,  she  was  married  in  Lam- 
beth, to  William  Sales,  and  soon  after  their 
marriage  they  embarked  foi'  EsquiTnalt,  British 
(A)lumbia,  arriving  at  their  destination  May  9, 
1851.  Subsequently  they  lived  in  Victoria. 
Mr.  Sales  was  engaged  i)y  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  in  London.  In  company  with  two 
others  and  an  infant  s.ui  three  months  old,  she 
came  from  Victi>ii:i  t,.  Stcilaeoomin  arow-boat, 
arriving  at  daybreak-,  and  went  through  the 
brush  to  the  oidy  house  there,  owned  by  Cap- 
tain Balch.  From  there,  in  1856,  with  an  in- 
fant girl,  she  went  to  the  Nisqually  sawmill 
and  cooked  for  the  workmen.  Thence  she 
moved  to  Thomas  Dean's  farm  near  Spanaway 
lake,  and  there  spent  the  winter.  In  1853  her 
husband  took  a  claim  on  what  is  now  the   Puy- 


reservation,  but  in   1855  the  Indian   war 


forced  them  to  abandon  the  claim  and  go  to  the 
fort.  After  the  war  her  husband  kept  a 
restaurant  at  01ym])ia  for  some  time,  but  after- 
ward moved  back  to  tbi-  i'e>ci-\ation  and  was 
employed  as  a  I'arucnirr  r..i-  two  years.  In  1861 
they  went  to  British  Culuinliia   and    five  years 


016 


l/iyrour  of  Washington. 


later  went  to  Oregon  and  settled  on  a  claim  of 
160  acres.  There,  in  1884,  her  husband  died, 
and  after  his  death  she  continued  to  manage  the 
farm  until  her  marriage  to  Mr.  Richard  Samp- 
son, which  event  occurred  in  1887.  She  had 
seven  children  by  lier  first  husband,  all  of  whom 
are  living.  Her  eldest  son,  Richard  S.  Sales, 
the  second  white  child  born  on  Vancouver's 
island,  at  Esquimalt,  in  July,  1851,  now  carries 
the  mail  over  one  of  the  most  dangerous  routes 
in  the  West,  namely,  in  Tillamook  county, 
Oregon,  he  being  the  only  person  that  would 
venture  over  the  road  again  after  making  the 
first  trip.  Her  second  son,  James  E.,  was  the 
hrst  white  child  born  where  Tacomanow  stands, 
in  1853.  At  that  time  Tacoma  was  only  a 
logging  camp. 

Mrs.  Sampson  has  purchased  two  acres  of 
land  in  Croft's  donation  huid  claim,  where  she 
now  makes  her  home. 


ELVIN  G.  WIXSTOCK,  lawyer.— 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Richmond,  Virginia,  March  31,  1864. 
His  father  was  of  Spanish  descent  and 
his  mother  was  born  in  the  Old  Dominion 
State.  Mr.  Winstock's  early  education  was 
secured  in  the  public  schools  of  the  city  of 
Richmond,  he  graduated  from  the  high  school 
there  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and  spent  several 
years  in  Abbeville,  South  Carolina,  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  Early  in  life  he  became 
devoted  to  literature,  and  while  yet  a  clerk 
began  the  study  of  law  under  Judge  McGowan, 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  South  Carolina.  In 
four  years  the  young  man  had  saved  up,  by 
strict  economy,  enough  to  enable  liim  to  take  a 
collegiate  course,  and  he  matriculated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  spending  several  years 
at  this  famous  seat  of  learning.  In  1883,  Mr. 
Winstock  won  the  orators'  gold  medal  at  the 
University,  taking  as  his  subject,  "  Benjamin 
Disraeli."  Thence  Mr.  Winstock  proceeded  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  studied  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice,  but  literatui-e,  which  had  ever 
allured  him,  retained  so  strong  a  hold  upon  him 
that  he  branched  out  into  journalism,  and  served 
most  of  the  leading  newspapers  of  that  city. 
He  then  went  aliroad  and  did  general  literary 
work  in  Loudon,  England.  He  then  returned 
to  the  United  States  and  took  up  his  residence 


in  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1888,  where  for  quite  a 
period  of  time  he  occupied  an  editorial  position 
on  the  Oregonian.  From  the  Oregonian  he 
transferred  his  allegiance  to  the  Post-Intelli- 
gencer of  Seattle.  During  the  fall  of  1892, 
becoming  interested  in  politics,  he  espoused  the 
cause  of  the  Honorable  John  F.  Miller  for  Pros- 
ecuting Attorney,  and  upon  the  election  of  that 
gentleman  was  appointed  Deputy  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  King  county.  Later  Mr.  Winstock 
associated  himself  with  the  Hon.  W.  T.  Scott 
and  the  Hon.  John  W.  Carson,  and  resigned  his 
public  office  to  devote  his  entire  attention  to  his 
increasing  private  practice. 

Mr.  Winstock  is  a  representative,  earnest  and 
thorough  Jew.  The  Hebrews  of  the  State,  when, 
desiring  some  one  to  stand  for  them  on  public 
occasions,  have  invariably  called  Mr.  Winstock 
to  i-epresent  them,  so  that  he  has  acquired  quite 
a  reputation  as  an  orator.  His  public  addresses 
have  shown  that  he  is  capable  and  willing  on  all 
occasions  to  stand  forward  for  his  people.  He 
is  yet  a  young  man,  but  he  has  shown  that  he 
possesses  the  intrinsic  qualities  that  entitle  him 
to  an  abundant  success. 


LLIAM  II.  PUMPHREY,  resident  of 
f/  Seattle,  was  born  in  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  August  80,  1846.  His  parents, 
Bazelleel  J.  and  Anna  (Baldwin)  Pumphrey, 
were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  located,  about 
1844,  in  Ohio,  where  Mr.  Pumphrey  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  William  H.  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Belmont  county, 
and  at  the  McNeeley  Normal  School  at  Hope- 
dale,  Ohio,  spending  his  summers  upon  the 
farm,  and  remaining  with  his  parents  until  the 
spring  of  1868.  He  then  passed  the  summer 
in  Lemonweir,  Wisconsin,  in  railroad  work, 
and  in  January,  1869,  came  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
by  steamer  from  New  York,  via  the  Panama 
route.  Duly  arriving  in  San  Francisco  he  re- 
embarked  for  Portland,  Oregon,  and  in  May 
continued  his  journey  to  Seattle.  He  then  se- 
cured a  clerkship  in  the  store  of  the  Puget  Mill 
Company,  at  Port  Gamble,  and  remained  until 
November,  1870,  then  returned  to  Seattle  and 
followed  clerking  up  to  April,  1871.  He  then 
purchased  an  interest  in  the  pioneer  stationery 
store  of  Seattle  and  formed  tlie  copartnership  of 
Coombs  c*c  Pumphrey,  which  continued  eighteen 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


months,  when  Mr.  Coombs  retired  and  the  firm 
became  Pumphrey  >k  Young.  One  year  later 
our  subject  purchased  the  entire  interest  and 
(iperated  akine  up  to  1882,  when  J.  D.  Lowman 
purchased  an  interest,  and  tlie  enterprise  was 
continued  under  the  tirm  name  of  Pumphrey  & 
Lowman.  In  1883  Pumplirey  witlidrew  and 
acted  as  agent  of  tlie  Northern  Pacific  Express 
Company.  In  1885  he  re-engaged  in  the 
stationery  business  under  tlie  tirm  name  of 
William  H.  Pumphrey  &  Co.,  and  has  since 
continued  tiie  business  under  the  same  title, 
carrying  a  tine  line  of  stationery,  books  and 
such  other  articles  as  are  usually  handled  in  first- 
class  establishments  of  the  sort.  He  suffered 
heavily  in  the  disastrous  fire  of  June,  1889,  but 
immediately  resumed  business  and  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leading  stationers  of  the  city. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1874,  to  Miss 
Lizzie  M.  Johns,  of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  They 
have  one  child,  Harry  E.  Socially,  Mr.  Pum- 
phrey affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  politics 
he  is  an  active  Repul)lican,  a  devout  adherent  to 
the  principles  of  the  party,  but  in  no  sense  a 
seeker  for  political  preferment. 


[[J|()N.  GEORGE  W.  BYRI),  who  is  living 
tpll    in  Pierce  county,  Washington,  was  born 
I     t    in  Jo  Daviess  county,  Illinois,  March   7, 
1^         1848. 

Adam  Byrd,  his  father,  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
179G,  and  his  mother,  Mary  (Houch)  Byrd,  was 
born  of  German  parents,  1797,  in  Xorth  Caro- 
lina. The  subject  of  our  sketch  removed  with 
liis  parents  from  his  native  State  to  Richland 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  his  father  operated  a 
flouring  mill  until  April,  1852.  At  that  time 
the  Byrd  family  started  for  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  the  following  fall  arrived  at  Vancouver. 
Thei-e  they  remained  during  the  winter,  and  the 
following  spring,  within  the  montli  of  Febru- 
ary, 1853,  tiiey  came  to  Puget  Sound  with  A. 
Slaughter,  Lieutenant  of  Company  C,  Fourth 
Infantry  United  States  Regulars.  They  first 
stopped  at  Chamber's  mill  near  Steilacoom,  and 
in  June,  1853,  moved  to  the  mill  of  Andrew 
Byrd,  brother  of  George.  The  father  died  soon 
after  their  arrival  at  that  place,  and  George  and 
his  brothers  supported  the  family.  In  the 
spring  of  1867  they  came  to  what  is  now  known 
as  Fern  Hill,  pre-empted  160  acres  of  land  and 
engaged  in  fanning  and  hop-raising. 


In  1881  George  W.  Byrd  was  elected  County 
Commissioner  of  Pierce  county,  and  in  1885  he 
was  elected  Rcjiresentative  of  the  same  county, 
and  served  twu  years. 

Mrs.  I'.yrd  was  formerly  Miss  Mary  White  of 
Thurston  county,  Washington.  She  is  a  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Margaret  (Stewart)  White. 
Her  father  was  massacred  during  the  Indian 
war,  near  Eaton's  mill  on  Chambers'  prairie. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Byrd  have  eight  children  living, 
namely:  Clara,  Addie,  Roy,  Jessie,  Walter, 
Frank,  Elbert  and  Dora, — all  unmarried  and  at 
home  except  Addie. 


rM.  GUVE,  a  pioneer  <.f  1853  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  was  born  in  (Treene  county, 
—  Indiana,  January  7,  1833.  His  parents, 
Samuel  and  Susanna  (Betwell)  Guye,  were  na- 
tives of  Tennessee  and  Virginia  respectively. 
Samuel  Guye  was  reared  upon  a  farm  and  agri- 
culture was  the  occupation  of  his  life.  This 
vocation  he  followed  in  Indiana,  Missouri  and 
Iowa. 

Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until 
twenty  years  of  age,  receiving  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Iowa,  which  were  quite  primitive, 
prior  to  1853,  at  which  time  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  California.  He  worked  his  passage 
by  assisting  in  the  driving  of  a  large  herd  of 
cattle.  Seven  months  were  consumed  on  the 
journey,  which  was  very  successfully  performed. 
They  arrived  in  Ilangtown,  now  Piacerville,  in 
September,  1853.  Young  Guye  then  entered 
into  partnership  with  Calvin  Smith,  purchased 
six  mules  with  wagon  and  outfit,  and  engaged 
in  teaming  from  Sacramento,  wlii'-li  w:i~  profit- 
ably continued  to  1856,  when  ciu-  MiKjcct  sold 
his'intcrest  and  removed  to  dri/.Sly  Flats,  El 
Dorado  county,  and  there  followed  quartz-min- 
im'- and  teaming  to  1858,  when  he  "  broke  up." 
The  Eraser  river  excitement  tlien  being  at  its 
height,  he  started  for  that  country  and  spent 
one  year  along  the  river,  with  poor  success. 
He  tiien  came  to  the  Sound  country,  arriving  at 
Seattle  in  June,  1859.  His  first  occupation 
was  on  the  military  road  under  construction  to 
Bellingham  bay;  but  after  a  few  montiis  he 
bought  a  logging  toara  and  outfit,  and  engaged 
in  cutting  and  selling  logs  to  the  sawmills, 
which  he  followed  very  successfully  up  to  1880. 
He  then  passed  one  summer  in    the  employ  of 


niSTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  Port  Madison  Lumber  Company  in  locating 
timber  lands,  and  since  that  time  has  not  en- 
gaged in  active  business,  but  has  been  continu- 
ously occupied  in  prospecting  and  locating 
mineral  claims  throughout  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains, giving  particular  attention  to  locating  iron 
and  coal  prospects,  in  which  he  has  beeu  very 
successful.  After  satisfying  himself,  he  has 
filed  and  secured  patents  on  his  lands,  which 
now  cover  about  1,000  acres. 

Among  his  most  valuable  claims  is  the 
Industry  mine,  located  on  Guye's  mountain,  at 
the  head  of  the  South  fork  of  the  Suoqualmie 
river,  near  Snoqualmie  pass,  in  the  Cascade 
mountains.  It  covers  an  area  of  240  acres  and 
contains  bodies  of  magnetic  iron  ore  from  50 
to  100  feet  thick,  which  crops  out  in  many 
places.  On  the  same  property  is  a  body  of 
white  and  mottled  marble,  which  in  fineness 
and  polish  is  unsurpassed. 

The  Bessemer  mine,  located  between  the 
Middle  and  North  forks  of  the  Snoquahnie 
river,  about  ten  miles  east  of  the  large  hop 
ranch,  under  a  claim  of  200  acres,  indicates  red 
and  micaceous  hematite  ores  in  vast  ledges,  with 
large  dejiosits  of  magnetic  ore. 

The  Bald  Hornet  mine,  located  in  the  same 
neighborhood  as  the  above,  has  sixty  acres,  and 
develops  vast  richness  in  red  and  brown  hema- 
tite. 

The  Washington  coal  mine,  in  the  Sauk 
mountains  about  eighteen  miles  southeast  of 
Seattle,  extends  over  an  area  of  560  acres,  and 
indicates  great  deposits  of  semi-anthracite, 
cannel  and  bituminous  coals. 

In  his  development  Mr.  Gnye  has  discovered 
seven  veins,  from  three  to  nine  feet  in  thickness, 
which  extend  to  great  depth,  at  an  angle  of  forty 
degrees.  In  his  investigations  he  feels  satisfied 
that  the  iron  and  coal  interests  of  Washington 
are  inexhaustible  in  their  supply,  and  will  be  of 
great  richness  when  fully  developed. 

Mr.  Gnye  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1872, 
to  Mrs.  Eliza  (Dunn)  Plympton,  a  native  of 
Maine. 

While  the  mineral  interest  liave  occupied 
much  of  Mr.  Guye's  time  during  the  past 
twelve  years,  he  has  also  accumulated  some 
valuable  business  property  in  the  city  of  Seattle. 
Geology  has  become  with  him  a  favorite  study, 
but  his  knowledge  has  been  acquired  by  person- 
al effort  and  practical  application,  until  he  has 
liecome  one  of  the  mining  authorities  of  the 
Pacilic  Korthwest. 


He  shipped  upward  of  3,000  pounds  of 
mineral  exhibits  for  the  Washington  exhibit 
at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair,  all  of  which  he 
took  out  of  the  mountains  on  men,  mules  and 
wagons,  all  of  which  was  done  at  his  own  e.x- 
pense,  comprising  iron,  marble,  coal,  tire-clay 
and  moulding  sand. 

— ^if®:®^'^- 

d|xiMES  PATTISON,  a  retired  capitalist  and 
respected  citizen  of  Olympia,  Washington, 
—  was  born  December  25, 1824,  in  Randolph 
county,  Illinois.  His  parents,  William  and 
Mary  (Munford)  Pattison,  were  natives  of  Ire- 
land and  South  Carolina,  respectively.  They 
were  married  in  Kandolph  county,  Illinois, 
where  they  resided  on  a  farm  from  1822  to 
April  10,  1849,  when,  in  company  with  their 
six  sons,  two  of  whom, — James,  of  this  notice 
and  Nathan, — were  married,  started  across  the 
plains.  Nathan's  wife  died  on  the  way  and  was 
buried  liy  the  sorrowing  family  on  the  plains, 
with  only  the  winds  to  sing  her  requiem. 

The  first  settlement  at  which  they  arrived 
was  in  Oregon  Territory,  on  the  Columbia  river, 
which  they  reached  Christinas  day,  1849.  Here 
they  spent  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring  of  1850 
went  to  Oregon  City,  passing  through  the  place 
on  which  the  proud  city  of  Portland  now  stands 
but  which  was  at  that  time  a  lonely  forest. 
They  remained  in  Oregon  City  until  July,  1850, 
and  then  started  for  the  Sound  country,  but, 
owing  to  scarcity  of  provisions  and  money,  were 
obliged  to  stop  near  Monticello,  Washington, 
where  they  raised  a  crop  in  the  summer  and 
worked  at  lumbering  in  the  winter.  In  1851, 
they  settled  near  Cowlitz  river,  but  in  the  early 
spring  of  1852,  all  started  once  more  for  the 
Sound,  making  their  way  through  two  feet  of 
snow  to  New  Market,  at  the  mouth  of  Des 
Chutes  river.  From  there  they  were  obliged  to 
have  their  cattle  swim  across  the  river  and  them- 
selves to  cross  in  canoes,  and  finally  to  cut  a 
trail  to  reach  Olympia,  which  jilace  was  then 
platted  as  a  town,  but  had  few  inhabitants,  and 
only  one  store,  kept  by  George  A.  Barnes. 

From  there  they  proceeded  to  Chambers' 
prairie,  where  James  Pattison  of  this  notice, 
and  his  wife,  together  took  a  claim  of  640  acres, 
in  1852.  His  wife's  maiden  name  was  Jane 
Wyllie,  and  she  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  hav- 
ing been  brought  to  America   by  lier   parents 


BISTORT    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


wlien  she  was  a  child,  to  Randolph  county,  Illi- 
nois, where  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Pattison, 
February  17,  1848.  They  contiinied  to  reside 
on  their  claim  until  1855,  at  which  tinie  they 
sought  refuge  at  Fort  Eaton  during  the  Indian 
war,  Mr.  Pattison  enlisting  as  a  volunteer  and 
serving  three  months  under  Captain  Isaac  Hays 
and  Lieutenant  Conner. 

On  tiie  close  of  the  war,  the  returned  to  their 
farm,  where  they  continued  to  reside  until 
1859,  in  which  year  Mr.  Pattison  sold  out  and 
invested  largely  in  Olympia  property,  he  own- 
ing at  that  time  nearly  one-half  of  the  city  and 
at  pi-esent  has  a  large  amount  of  the  best  prop- 
erty there.  He  has  l)uilt  a  large  and  attractive 
residence,  where  he  resides  in  retirement  from 
active  business  pursuits,  with  his  wife  and  two 
children:  James  R.  and  Annie.  His  brother 
Nathan,  who  makes  his  home  with  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  is  a  well-to  do  citizen,  prominent 
with  his  fellow  men  and  a  member  of  Taconia 
Good  Templars,  Lodge  No.  4,  also  a  conspicu- 
ous Odd  Fellow  of  Olympia,  Lodge  No.  1. 

The  life  of  Mr.  James  Pattison  may  well 
serve  as  an  incentive  to  all  worthy  young  men, 
as  showing  what  industry  and  ]]erseverance  may 
accomplish  when  intelligently  directed  and  com- 
bined with  high  moral  purpose. 


UTHFIi  PETERSON,  deceased,  wa  born 
in  Sweden,  May  18.  1845,  and  left  his 
'l\  native  country  as  a  sailor,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  years.  He  worked  his  way  up 
until  he  became  second  mate  of  a  large  ship.  At 
length  tiring  of  the  sea  he  located  at  Port  Lud- 
low and  ran  an  edger  in  a  large  sawmill  until 
April,  1874,  when  he  engaged  as  second  mate 
on  a  schooner  running  Ijetween  that  port  and 
San  Francisco.  After  making  two  trips  he 
married  Miss  Caroline  M.  Nelson,  July  13, 
1874,  in  San  Francisco.  She  is  a  native  of 
Sweden.  In  September  following,  Mr.  Finney, 
the  owner  of  the  Port  Ludlow  saw!:iill,  went  to 
San  Francisco  and  re-engaged  Mr.  Peterson  as 
an  edger  for  the  mill,  and  during  the  next  month 
Mrs.  Pattison  came  to  the  port.  At  this  place 
the  oldest  child,  William  Robert,  was  born.  May 
13,  1875.  In  July.  1876,  Mr.  Peterson  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  a  point  u])on  the 
Snohomish  river,  where  their  second  child, 
Arthur,  was  Ijorn,  August  6,  1876;  George  Al- 


bert was  born  August  28,  1871;  Alfred  Walter, 
September  8, 1880.  Mr.  Peterson  left  his  wife  and 
four  small  children  on  the  homestead  there  and 
worked  at  New  Castle,  about  thirty  miles  dis- 
tant by  water,  coming  home  once  a  month,  to 
visit  his  family  and  bring  supplies,  etc.  This 
l)nsincss  lir  fdUowed  until  May,  1882,  when  he 
died  with  sinall-po.x  and  heart  trouble,  on  the 
thirteenth  of  that  month.  Mrs.  Peterson  is  a 
faithful  mother  and  respected  citizen. 


f^i^'H 


'"  "^^^  '§ 


Hr^IIOM  AS  M.  CALLOWAY,  a  farmer  near 
I  Cheney,  Washington,  was  l)orn  in  Oska- 
I  loosa,  Iowa,  in  1854,  a  son  of  Jesse  S.  and 
•fj  Mary  A.  (Monteith)  Calloway,  the  former 
a  native  of  Delaware  and  the  latter  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  a  physician  liy  profes- 
sion. Thomas  M.  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Iowa,  and  also  received  a  scientific 
course  in  the  Simpson  Seminary  at  Indianola, 
that  State,  graduating  there  in  1875.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  located  in  Oregon,  where  he 
taught  school  three  years,  and  in  1879  settled 
on  a  pre-emption  claim  on  which  the  present 
town  of  Cheney,  Washington,  is  now  located. 
Mr.  Calloway  was  engaged  in  real- estate  busi- 
ness about  five  years,  but  now  conducts  a  large 
farm  near  this  city.  He  was  State  Oiganizer 
of  the  Farmers'  Alliance  in  Washington,  and 
was  elected  Commissioner  of  Public  Lands  at 
EUensbnrg,  July  25,  1892. 

Mr.  Calloway  was  married  in  Indiana,  in 
1885,  to  Miss  Hart,  a  native  of  that  State.  They 
have  two  children:  Earl,  aged  six  years  and 
Rex,  aged  seventeen  months.  Our  subject  is  a 
imiinincnt  agriculturist,  an  i)itclliuent  man, 
and  lii-  tlM.r.Mi.jl,  knnu-ltMluv  ..f  t  he  imviU  .,t  llio 
farniri-s  resulted  in  Iii>  n.Mniiiatin,,  fur  the. .thee 
ahdve  mentioned.  He  is  a  man  of  broad  views, 
and  well  i-ead  on  all  subjects  of  land. 


IILLIAM  H.  THOMPSON.— It  is  a 
matter  of  history  that  a  large  propor- 
^  tion  of  the  professional  and  business 
element  of  Seattle  located  in  that  city  after  the 
great  fire  of  June,  1889;  and  among  those  re- 
cent comers  was  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who 
left  behind  him  a  field   honored   with  his  pro- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


fessional  skill  and  successes,  and  has  already 
attained  a  position  of  eminence  before  the  legal 
profession  of  Seattle. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  born  in  Calhoun,  Georgia, 
March  10,  1848.  His  parents,  Rev.  Grigg  M. 
and  Diantha  (Jaeggar)  Thompson,  were  natives 
of  Missouri  and  New  York  respectively,  de- 
scended from  Scotch-Irish  and  German  ancestry, 
both  family  emigrating  to  the  United  States 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  As  a  race  the 
Thompson  family  for  generations  had  followed 
the  ministry,  worthy  adherents  and  expounders 
of  the  Baptist  faith.  Griojg  M.  Thompson 
qualified  for  the  bar,  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Hon.  "Tom"  Corwin,  that  eminent  orator, 
statesman  and  Whig  leader  of  Ohio.  Mr. 
Thompson  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com- 
menced practice,  but  was  ultimately  drawn  by 
his  inner  consciousness  and  the  traditions  of  his 
ancestry  into  the  ministry,  which  profession  he 
followed  through  life. 

William  H.  was  educated  at  the  Georgia 
Military  institute,  and  in  1866  began  the  study 
of  law  at  Calhoun,  Georgia,  under  the  direction 
of  Colonel  William  H.  Dabney,  one  of  most 
prominent  and  distinguished  lawyers  of  that 
State.  Having  qualified  as  a  civil  engineer  in 
the  MilitaVj  Institute,  in  1867  young  Thomp- 
son adopted  that  profession  m  railroad  con- 
struction and  canal  work,  and  in  1868  removed 
f.o  Indiana,  to  pursue  the  same  occupation,  at 
the  same  time  continuing  his  legal  studies.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Indiana  in  1872,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 
city  of  Frankfort,  remaining  two  years  and  then 
removing  to  Crawfordsville,  and  forming  a  co- 
partnership with  his  l)rother,  Maurice  Thomp- 
son. The  firm  conducted  a  general  law  prac- 
tice up  to  1881,  then  dissolved,  Maurice  witli- 
drawing  to  engage  in  literary  work.  For  four 
years  he  was  State  Geologist  of  Indiana,  then 
engaged  in  the  writing  of  stories,  poems  and 
scientific  articles  for  the  Eastern  magazines,  in 
which  he  attained  eminence  and  popularity,  and 
is  now  literary  editor  for  the  New  York  Inde- 
pendent. Our  subject  continued  an  active 
practice  at  Crawfordsville  up  to  1889.  His 
success  at  the  bar  of  Indiana  is  freely  mentioned 
in  the  Supreme  Court  reports,  from  volumes 
■40  to  119,  which  are  thickly  studded  with  his 
cases. 

For  many  years  Mr.  Thompson  had  sup 
pressed  a  desire  to  locate  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  on  the  niorning  of  June  6,  1889,  that  day 


so  memorable  in  the  history  of  Seattle,  he 
started  for  the  Paget  Sound  district,  accom- 
panied by  his  old  friend  and  associate,  John  E. 
Humphries.  Arriving  in  Seattle  about  July 
1st  to  find  everything  in  confusion  consequent 
to  the  fire,  they  immediately  established  the  law 
firm  of  Thompson  &  Humphries  and  engaged 
in  practice,  continuing  until  November  Ist, 
when  Edward  P.  Edson  became  associated  there- 
with, and  the  copartnership  of  Thompson, 
Edson  &  Humphries  was  organized,  which  has 
attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  representative 
law  firms  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  married  in  Crawfordsville, 
in  1874:,  to  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of  Hon.  John 
Lee,  President  of  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville 
tt  Southwestern  Railroad.  Four  children  have 
been  added  to  this  union:  Wycliffe,  May,  Ches- 
ter and  Oscar.  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of 
no  fraternal  societies  and  a  seeker  of  no  political 
emolument.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and 
quite  active  in  furthering  the  interests  of  his 
party,  but  aside  from  that  adheres  closely  to 
his  profession,  which  is  the  primal  cause  of  his 
pronounced  success.  He  has  also  given  some 
attention  to  literature,  and  his  poem  entitled 
"The  High  Tide  at  Gettysburg,"  which  ap- 
peared in  the  Century  Magazine  in  July,  1888, 
has  been  translated  into  many  languages  and 
pronounced  by  the  greatest  critics  as  "  the 
nol)lest  battle  poem  of  the  liepublic."  Mr. 
Thompson  has  also  given  some  attention  to 
athletic  sports,  and  for  five  years  held  the 
championship  of  the  United  States  for  archery. 

^4^.. 

Dill.  ORLANDO  G.  ROOT,  medical  prac- 
I    titioner  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Mentor, 
-^    Lake    county,    Ohio,    June     23,    1830. 

His  father,  Erastus  Root,  was  born  in  Hebron, 
Connecticut,  and  in  1816  emigrated  to  Mentor, 
situated  in  one  of  the  most  beautiful  sections  of 
the  Buckeye  State.  Then  a  lad  of  thirteen  years, 
he  engaged  in  farm  labor.  Subsequently  pur- 
chasing land,  he  engaged  in  farming  and  also 
married  Miss  Rebecca  Tuttle,  native  of  Con- 
necticut, where  both  the  Root  and  Tuttle  ances- 
trj'  made  an  early  settlement.  At  Mentor,  Mr. 
Root  became  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 
vicinity.  He  engaged  extensively  in  the  prop- 
agation'of  peppermint,  from  which  he  distilled 
oil,   and   from  a  few  strawberry   vines  he  de. 


C'C^ 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


veloped  the  line  until  sixteen  acres  were  de- 
voted to  the  cultivation  of  this  fruit.  He  was 
a  man  of  energy  and  enthusiasm  and  possessed 
tliccoui'age  of  hi^  ■  ;  .■;■ 

prise  prosper!'''         ; 

Orlando  (■  'ur  cliil- 

di'en,  and,  nutates, 

was   rcan-;  After 

tlie  <)  uck  out 

'o'-  with  an 

..■rt  unity 

;  :ike,  Mc- 

a  farm- 

MnrsliMJi,    Mich- 

Hanietto    E.,    eldest 

Sw^eet,  a  painter  and 

cabinut  uiakur.     liLtuiiiiug  to  Crystal  Lake,  our 

subject  contiDued  farming  up  to  1859,  when, 

through  a  defect  in    title,  he  lost  lus  farm  and 

went  back  to  Mentor  and  bought  a  little  place 

neUr  the  old  hornfe  and  there  remained   until 

^"'^     •'    ■■  ••       '  to  Marshall,  Michigan. 

!I.  H.  Bagley,  now  of 
•  '^i.-  ,.ri..:m(M:|  in  the 


Society    <>i 
tended  and 
wife   died,    iea'.ii. 
Erastus,  now  a  su. 
Frank  F.,  a  teleg  ^ 
John  C.  Dement,  a  < 

Dr.  Root  was  a<^ain  married 
Michi-ri.,,  I)..-.  .,,l,u,  lS7n.  t.. 


n  at 


>'>u,  uctnjdiriiji 
;tice  m  Mich- 


iuiii;  ..  ...oved  to   Seattle 

a  ...I  -  T,  Dr.  H.  B.  J3agley. 

Thev  :  >vo  years,  after  which 

Dr.  ii.0'>r   jiMtOiir.- c    a   iiunie,on   the  corner  (  '' 
Front  and  Lenora  streets,  and  opened"  an  iin! 
pcndoiit    (.fticT-    T-      tliu   Yi-!or-Leary  building 

-lit  street.     11 
■11   until  18^'; 

■n.ghis.;!.]  . 
t;'<)ii-  iiit  a  rt-sidei 

Moli  vs  since  resi'i' 

has  S.1  .• ..  >  ■■■   -1^  Healtli  *  -   .  . 

and  for  four  ,  ^  of  Coroner  < 

liing  county.  worker  of  vi. 

38 


A.  O.  IT. 

lunibia  Lodge,  No.  2. 


County 

some  vc. 

tlie  Uni.^ 

velopoil 

The  con, I 

l)u.sine8s  lo   lii. 

attention  to  sidt 

in  his  profession 

of  his  time  and   encri;^' 

a  full  measure  of  success 


being  a  charter  member  of  Co- 
He  has  represented  his 
'  yearly  since  its  in- 
state and  the  King 
cal  Societies.  For 
ler  and  director  of 
ompany,  which  de- 
in  North  Seattle, 
old  their  plant  and 
Doctor  gave  little 
3  was  an  enthusiast 
be  devoted  the  best 
sing  rewarded  with 


plant: 
gust  ■ 
earlio 


■■-'■'  ILL,  a  resident   of 

.(uished  member  of 

r,   was    born    on    a 

ip..!    •::     >rr,\ui;,    I.' ,' ;i : ,  ty,  Teunessec,  Au- 

iO,   1838.     His    family    were  among  the 

■  t  f"'oni<:;t';  of  the  Carolinas.     Two  of  his 

i ;-    in    the    Revolutionary 

M-lwii.'s  to  the  family  of 

!  ;,■:  days  of  the  relig- 

inporary  harbor  of 

;  became  exiles  for 

freedom  across  the 


'ather  of  our  sub- 
\  scenes  and  was 
nd  theology,  thus 
:  pioneer  life  upon 
barki'il.  He  was 
L:iii\  a  native  of 
al'tei'  his  marriage 
iciiu^  tlir.Mighout 
.lissi^sippi,  doing 
mtil  1850.  That 
irs  and  difficulties 
lifornia.  Passing 
nips,  he  followed 
■f  1S51.     Then  he 


preached  and  | 
Tennessee,  Ke; 
good  as  1i'>  'i-^' 
year  he 


ego 


and 


returning  to  the 

mer  of  1852.     He 

ions,  and  with  his 

;ed   the   plains   to 

'.853,   making  the 

i  lie    company  with 

iMi-ed   about  seventy 

ttyiorj  an  experienced 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


frontleremaD,  as  captain  of  the  train.  Their 
route  led  across  Arkansas  by  the  Cherokee 
trail,  thence  up  the  Arkansas  river,  crossing 
near  Puehlo,  Colorado,  and  they  camped  three 
days  upon  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Den- 
ver. They  then  directed  their  course  northwest, 
crossing  the  head-waters  of  the  Platte  and 
Laramie  rivers,  often  cutting  their  way  through 
dense  timber,  and  striking  the  regular  emigrant 
road  at  General  Bridger's  old  trading  post,  east 
of  Salt  Lake  City.  During  this  long  period  of 
travel  (four  months)  they  did  not  see  a  white 
man  outside  of  their  company  except  a  company 
of  United  States  soldiers  at  Fort  Atchison. 
Continuing  their  journey  by  the  emigrant  road, 
they  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains  south  of 
Mount  Hood,  and  arrived  at  Albany,  Oregon, 
just  six  months  from  the  date  of  their  depart- 
ure. They  were  several  times  surrounded  by 
Lidians,  but  by  tact,  judgment  and  a  little  feast- 
ing, avoided  an  attack  and  preserved  their  good 
will.  Dr.  Hill  purchased  a  claim  to  640  acres 
near  Albany,  and  there  followed  farming  and 
the  practice  of  his  profession  until  1860,  when 
he  moved  to  Albany,  continuing  his  practice  up 
to  1880.  He  died  December  31,  1890,  in  his 
eighty-third  year,  his  wife  having  passed  away 
in  August,  1890,  aged  eighty-one.  They  had 
nine  children,  all  of  whom  lived  to  adult  years, 
and  six  of  whom  still  survive. 

William  Lair  Hill  attended  the  district 
schools  until  his  nineteenth  year,  spending  his 
vacations  in  farm  work.  In  1857  he  entered 
the  McMinnville  College,  and  by  teaching 
school  and  working  on  the  farm  he  defrayed 
the  expenses  of  a  three  years'  course  of  study. 
In  the  spring  of  1860  he  began  reading  law 
under  the  dii'ection  of  Judge  George  H.  Will- 
iams, of  Portland, — ex-Chief  Justice  of  the 
Territory  and  afterward  Attorney  General  of 
the  United  States, — and  in  the  fall  entered  his 
office,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  December  9, 
1861,  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon.  He 
was  soon  after  appointed  clerk  in  the  pay  de- 
partment of  the  army,  and  during  1862  and 
1863  was  engaged  in  that  service,  visiting  all 
the  posts  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho. 
In  the  summer  of  1863  he  entered  into  the 
practice  of  law  with  Addison  C.  Gibbs,  the  war 
Governor  of  Oregon.  In  1864  he  associated 
himself  with  a  syndicate  to  run  a  Kepublican 
paper  in  Portland,  called  the  Daily  Oregon 
Union,  but  after  a  few  months  the  enterprise 
was  abandoned.      In    1864   he   was  appointed 


Judge  of  Grant  county,  and  held  the  office  for 
two  years.  Then  he  returned  to  Portland  and 
followed  a  general  practice  until  1877.  Dur- 
ing this  time  he  served  four  years  in  the  Com- 
mon Council,  and  in  1872  assumed  the  editorial 
charge  of  the  Oregonian,  which  he  continued  in 
addition  to  his  legal  duties  up  to  1877.  At 
that  time,  broken  in  health,  he  went  east  of  the 
mountains  to  recuperate,  and,  after  a  summer 
spent  in  fishing  and  hunting,  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  The  Dalles.  While  there  P. 
P.  Mays,  a  farmer's  boy,  entered  his  office  as  a 
student,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880,  and 
is  now  the  United  States  District  Attorney  of 
Oregon.  The  firm  of  Hill  &  Mays  existed  until 
1886.  During  this  period  Judge  Hill  took  up 
the  codification  and  annotation  of  the  Oregon 
codes,  which  were  adopted  by  the  Legislature  as 
the  accepted  authority  of  the  State.  In  1886 
he  dissolved  partnership  with  Mr.  Mays  and 
went  to  San  Francisco  to  look  after  the  publi- 
cation of  his  work.  While  there  he  opened  an 
office  in  Oakland  and  enjoyed  an  extensive 
practice.  In  1889  he  came  to  Seattle  to  follow 
his  profession.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Code 
Commissioner  of  Washington,  and  prepared  a 
two-volume  edition,  which  shows  great  wisdom 
and  research.  In  1892  he  revised  his  Oregon 
code,  this  task  also  involving  a  considerable 
amount  of  labor. 

Education  and  research  have  been  the  funda- 
mental self-imposed  duties  of  Judge  Hill's  life, 
and,  wherever  located,  his  influence  in  those 
directions  has  been  a  tower  of  strength.  While 
at  The  Dalles  he  was  instrumental  in  organizing 
the  AVasco  Academy,  and  was  President  of  its 
Board  of  Trustees  for  nine  years.  He  has  been 
a  frequent  lecturer  at  colleges  and  before  classes 
of  young  men.  The  young  he  delights  to 
honor.  He  is  ever  happj'^  in  guiding  their 
minds  and  strengthening  their  purposes. 

Judge  Hill  is  a  prominent  Mason,  being  a 
member  of  the  thirty-second  degree,  Scottish 
rite,  F.  &  A.  M.  In  politics  he  has  always 
been  an  ardent  supporter  of  Kepublican  princi- 
ples. Reared  a  Whig,  and  amidst  the  influence 
of  slavery,  he  learned  the  evils  of  the  custom  in 
early  life  and  insisted  that  it  ought  to  be 
abolished,  whether  constitutional  or  not.  In 
later  yeai-s  he  was  less  radical,  but  was  always 
an  uncompromising  opponent  of  slavery.  He 
took  up  the  fight  before  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  and  has  been  active  in  every  cam- 
paign since. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON: 


The  Judge  has  said  of  himself:  "  I  have 
always  had  too  lively  an  appreciation  of  the  lit- 
tleness of  all  human  achievements — have  seen 
too  clearly  '  what  shadows  we  are  and  what 
shadows  we  pursue ' — to  have  much  personal 
ambition."  But  the  testimony  of  others  com- 
petent to  judge  has  assigned  to  him  a  place 
amidst  the  brightest  and  grandest  characters  of 
his  time.  Senator  George  H.  Williams,  of 
Portland,  has  declared  him  unquestionably  the 
ablest  lawyer  in  that  State.  He  would  have 
been  marked  among  scholars,  lawyers  or  states- 
men anywhere;  in  the  new  world  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  he  is  one  of  a  peerless  few. 

In  1865  Judge  Hill  was  married,  at  McMinn- 
ville,  to  Julia,  daughter  of  Rev.  George  C. 
Chandler,  formerly  president  of  the  Baptist 
College  at  Franklin,  Indiana.  They  have  four 
children:  Edward  Coke,  Reuben  Chandler, 
Margaret  and  William  Lair,  Jr.  Their  oldest 
son  is  a  promising  young  lawyer  of  Seattle. 


\l  Al  JjlLLIAM  R.  ANDERSON,  an  old  a 
X/lX//  liiglily  respected  pioneer  of  Clai 
^  ^     county,  is  the  subject  of  the  followi 


and 
Clarke 
.'ing 
biographical  sketch:  A  native  of  Washington 
county,  Virginia,  he  was  born  June  22,  1822, 
and  was  reared  and  educated  amid- the  scenes  of 
his  birth.  His  parents  were  Jacob  and  Lucretia 
(Killinger)  Anderson,  natives  of  Virginia,  and 
descendants  of  old  Revolutionary  patriots,  whose 
ancestors  had  been  among  the  colonial  settlers 
of  the  Republic.  William  R.  is  the  third  of  a 
family  of  eleven  children.  In  his  youth  he  be- 
came accustomed  to  the  hard  labor  of  farm  life, 
but  in  later  life  turned  his  attention  to  the 
shoemakers'  trade,  following  this  occupation  for 
twelve  years.  In  1848  he  became  an  employe 
of  the  United  States  Government,  and  before 
the  end  of  the  year  had  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  He  first  located  at  a  point  nine  miles 
below  the  city  of  Portland,  and  did  not  come  to 
Clarke  county  until  1855.  On  the  fifth  day  of 
November  of  that  year  he  settled  on  his  present 
farm,  situated  three  and  a  half  miles  north  of 
Vancouver.  This  tract  comprises  163  acres, 
fifty  acres  of  which  are  in  an  advanced  state  of 
cultivation,  and  five  acres  in  an  orchard  which 
comprises  a  general  assortment  of  fruits.  The 
natural  resources  of  the  country  have  ever  been 
an  unfailing  source  of  interest  and  experiment 


to  Mr.  Anderson,  and  he  has  verified  his  faith 
by  his  successes.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  School  Board  for  a  number  of  years,  and  in 
his  political  opinions  voices  the  sentiments  of 
Democracy. 

He  was  married  February  27,  1851,  to  Miss 
Sarah  J.  Sturgess,  who  was  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  They  are  the  parents' of  fourteen 
children:  Frank;  Charles  H.;  William  R.,  Jr.; 
Marilla,  wife  of  Edward  Gardner;  Edward  B.; 
Estella  F..  wife  of  Robert  Shedd;  Lucretia  V., 
wife  of  George  Baxter;  George  W.;  Fannie  E., 
wife  of  Frederick  Pressler,  of  Vancouver;  Asa; 
Minnie  J.,  wife  of  George  Housch;  Nina.; 
Katie  A.  and  Robert  E. 

The  life  of  Mrs.  Anderson  has  been,  in  certain 
respects,  an  eventful  one,  and  in  her  reminis- 
cences of  the  early  days  on  the  frontier  she  is 
most  entertaining  in  her  narrations.  She  was 
born  near  Ballston  Springs,  New  York,  Sep- 
tember 3, 1837.  When  she  was  about  two  years 
of  age  her  father,  Moses  Sturgess,  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  he  remained  until  1847,  when, 
with  his  family,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  Their  equipment  included  five 
yoke  of  oxen  and  one  yoke  of  cows.  By  mak- 
ing use  of  Mrs.  Anderson's  own  words  we  can 
most  readily  recount  certain  of  the  incidents 
and  episodes  so  characteristic  of  this  long,  weary 
journey,  typical  of  all  that  were  made  at  that 
early  period.  She  says:  "We  traveled  and 
traveled,  at  slow  and  wearisome  pace,  until  we 
reached  the  Missouri  river,  and  I  shall  never 
forget  the  boat  on  which  we  crossed,  nor  the 
fear  we  all  had  of  the  Indians.  At  the  point 
where  we  crossed  the  Missouri  we  took  our  last 
view  of  white  people,  save  the  members  of  our 
own  party.  So  we  made  our  start  across  the 
wild  plains,  infested  by  the  crafty  red  men.  We 
encountered  great  herds  of  buffalo,  and  would 
sometimes  be  compelled  to  halt  the  train  in 
order  to  let  them  pass.  It  was  about  this  time 
that  we  met  our  first  loss.  We  camped  at 
night  and  awoke  in  the  morning  to  find  that 
forty  head  of  our  cattle  had  disappeared,  having 
been  either  stampeded  by  buffalo  or  run  off  by 
the  Indians.  There  were  left  to  us  only  one 
cow  and  a  calf,  standing  with  two  heavily 
loaded  wagons.  After  an  unavailing  search  for 
the  animals  we  waited  a  day,  when  another 
train  came  along,  and  from  this  source  we  were 
enabled  to  secure  a  yoke  of  oxen  and  thus  to 
continue  the  journey.  At  Snake  river  came 
the  fatality  which  deprived  me  of  my  father. 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


In  fording  the  river  on  horseback  he  was 
drowned  in  a  whirlpool  or  '  suck,'  a  Mr.  Green, 
of  the  party,  having  met  his  death  in  the  same 
way  the  day  previous.  A  sad-hearted  and 
jaded  party  was  ours,  but  we  finally  reached 
Portland,  Oregon,  where  we  lived  two  months, 
there  being  but  seven  houses  in  the  town  at  the 
time.  We  then  removed  to  Oi'egon  City,  and 
there  stayed  until  spring  (1848),  when  we  went 
to  Vancouver  and  lived  thereabout  three  years. 
There  were  only  tliree  American  families  in  the 
town,  the  inhabitants  being  mainly  Canadian 
French,  Indians  and  Kanakas  (natives  of  the 
Sandwich  islands),  all  beino;  employes  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  I  talked  so  much 
with  the  Indians  that  I  forgot  a  considerable 
portion  of  my  own  language,  finally  almost 
abandoning  my  native  tongue  for  a  time.  I 
was  married  to  Mr.  Anderson  in  February, 
1851.  He  was  also  a  pioneer,  having  crossed 
the  plains  in  1849.  We  lived  opposite  St. 
Johns,  below  Portland,  for  about  two  years, 
then  moved  down  to  the  mouth  of  the  Willam- 
ette, and  subsequently  located  the  donation 
claim  where  we  now  live." 

Mrs.  Anderson  gave  to  the  publishers  of  this 
volume  excellent  evidences  of  her  command  of 
the  Indian  dialects,  and  only  lack  of  space  pre- 
vents us  from  utilizing  certain  of  her  transcrip- 
tions. All  incident  worthy  of  note  in  this  con- 
nection is  that  Mrs.  Anderson  assisted  in  sawing 
the  lumber  utilized  in  the  construction  of  the 
first   steamboat   that  ever   plied   the  Columbia 


\l  AlljlLLIAM  P.  BOYD,  one  of  the  pioneer 
y/V/  and  present  prominent  merchants  in 
^  =i  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  at  Belfast, 
Ireland,  in  April,  1849.  He  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  district,  and  at  the  age  of  fif- 
teen years  was  apprenticed  for  four  years  with 
the  prominent  dry-goods  firm  of  John  liobb  & 
Company,  to  be  taught  the  business  of  a  dry- 
goods  merchant.  This  apprenticeship  was  with- 
out salary,  subject  even  paying  thirty  pounds 
for  his  course  of  instruction,  and  supplying  his 
own  board,  lodging  and  wearing  apparel.  Com- 
pleting his  term  of  service,  he  remained  with 
the  same  firm  for  a  short  time,  then  spent  six 
montlis  in  a  similar  store  at  Lurgan,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  he  came  to  the  United  States,  to 
improve  the  opportunities  offered  to  all  ambi- 


tions young  men.  After  one  week 
New  York  city,  he  crossed  the  continent  to 
California,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  1868, 
without  a  friend  upon  the  Pacific  Coast.  He 
soon  secured  employment  as  salesman  in  the 
dry-goods  store  of  J.  W.  Davidson  &  Company, 
then  the  finest  retail  store  in  tlie  city,  and  now 
known  as  the  "White  House."  After  one  year 
he  was  employed  by  J.  J.  O'Brien  &;  Company, 
and  remained  two  years.  He  then  can\e  to 
Seattle,  under  engagement  with  Schwabaeher 
Brothers,  as  manager  of  their  dry-goods  depart- 
ment. In  that  capacity  he  was  employed  up  to 
1876,  when  he  organized  the  co-partnership  of 
Boyd,  Poncin  &  Young,  and  engaged  in  the 
dry-goods  and  clothing  Imsiness,  with  a  stock 
representing  an  outlay  of  about  $15,000.  Dur- 
ing the  same  year  five  other  similar  stores  were 
opened,  and  competition  became  very  active, 
but  the  above  firm,  being  composed  of  young, 
practical  men,  received  encouraging  patronage, 
and  success  was  established  at  the  start,  while 
three  of  the  other  firms  subsequently  retired 
from  business.  Through  the  death  of  Mr. 
Young  in  1878,  his  interest  was  bought  by 
Boyd  &  Poncin,  and  the  firm  continued  until 
December,  188B,  when  Mr.  Boyd  purchased  the 
Poncin  interest,  and  continued  the  business 
under  the  firm  name  of  W.  P.  Boyd  &  Company. 
He  then  discontinued  the  clothing  department, 
and  devoted  his  store  to  a  general  stock  of 
dry  goods  and  gentlemen's  furnishing  goods, 
carrying  an  average  stock  of  S75,000.  This 
business  had  its  original  headquarters  on  what 
is  now  Pioneer  Square,  at  about  615  Front 
street,  and  at  that  time  this  was  the  only  store 
north  of  Mill  street,  now  Yesler  avenue.  Fail- 
ure was  predicted,  because  the  store  was  so  far 
out  of  town,  which  then  centered  about  Com- 
mercial and  Washington  streets.  In  1881  the 
firm  paid  $10,500  for  the  present  site,  35  x  130 
feet — a  price  then  considered  out  of  all  reason 
as  touching  the  probable  increase  of  real  estate 
values.  In  1882,  they  erected,  at  a  cost  of 
$20,000,  a  brick  building,  35x90  feet,  two 
stories  and  basement,  which  was  the  first  brick 
building  on  Front  street.  This  they  occupied 
for  store  purposes  up  to  the  great  fire  of  June, 
1889,  when  the  entire  property  was  destroyed, 
at  a  net  loss  of  about  ^85,000.  The  ruins  had 
barely  ceased  smoking,  when  Mr.  Boyd  had  a 
large  force  of  men  cleaning  away  the  debris, 
and  he  was  the  first  to  commence  laying  brick 
in  the   burned    district,  thus  testifying   to  his 


BlsTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


faith  in  the  fiiture  of  Seattle.  His  prompt 
action  aided  in  establishing  the  confidence  of  the 
dejiressed  citizens  of  the  city.  The  new  build- 
incr,  35  X  121  feet,  four  stories  and  basement, 
was  hastened  to  completion,  and  four  months 
and  nine  days  from  the  date  of  the  fire,  Mr. 
Eoyd  again  opened  his  doors  for  business,  with 
largely  increased  facilities.  He  is  a  careful, 
pains-taking  business  man,  and  by  zeal,  industry 
and  honest  methods  his  efforts  have  been  pros- 
pered, and  he  now  stands  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  finest  mercantile  houses  of  the  city.  He 
was  married  at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  February, 
1886.  to  Miss  Anna  C.  Hinsley,  of  Illinois. 
They  have  two  children:  Margaret  and  Will- 
iam P.,  Jr. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Boyd  is  a  Republican  in 
j)rinciple,  though  he  acts  independently  in  all 
local  matters.  He  is  no  ofKce-seeker,  believing 
that  America  should  be  niled  l)y  Americans. 
He  is  a  stockholder  of  the  National  Bank  of 
Commerce,  and  the  Merchants'  National  Bank, 
and  Avas  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Seattle 
Steam  Heat  and  Power  Company.  Pie  was  one 
of  the  charter  members  of  tlie  Board  of  Trade, 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Rainier  Hotel, 
which  was  purely  a  philantrophic  enterprise, 
instituted  immediately  after  the  fire,  to  provide 
foi"  incoming  visitors,  and  to  thus  establish  the 
confidence  of  the  people  in  the  upbuilding  of 
the  city. 

Thus  is  briefly  outlined  a  sketch  of  one  of 
Seattle's  representative  citizens,  one  whose  faith 
in  the  future  of  Seattle  has  ever  been  unswerv- 
ing, and  who  now  glories  in  being  a  resident  of 
this  the  "  (^ueen  City  of  the  Northwest." 


G 


w-^ — 


LINTON  MUNSON,  M.  D.,  one  of  the 
leading  representatives  of  the  science  of 
5^  medicine  in  Tacoma,  was  born  in  Cape 
Girardeau  county,  Missouri,  August  10,  1846, 
his  parents  being  Asahel  and  Serena  Ann  (King) 
Munson.  His  father  was  a  Presbyterian  min- 
ister. His  mother  was  born  in  St.  Louis  county, 
that  State,  where  her  parents  were  early  settlers. 
Both  are  now  deceased. 

Clinton  Munson  was  reared  at  his  native 
place,  and  received  his  literary  education  at 
Pleasant  Hill  Academy.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  and  there  began 
the  study  of  medicine  under  the  instructions  of 


Dr.  Buteau.  He  matriculated  at  the  Missouri 
Medical  College  in  1868.  He  practiced  the 
treatment  of  the  allopathic  school  for  two  years, 
after  which  he  entered  Hahnemann  Med- 
ical College,  Cliicago,  where  he  graduated  in 
1871.  He  then  came  to  the  Pacific  coast  and 
until  1876  was  located  at  Gilroy,  California, 
after  which  he  removed  to  Oakland.  From 
that  city  he  came  to  Tacoma,  in  March,  1883, 
and  has  ever  since  been  identified  with  the  city. 
Since  March,  1885,  he  has  been  associated  pro- 
fessionally with  Dr.  William  W.  Misner. 

Dr.  Munson  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Pierce  County  Homeopathic  Medical  Society, 
and  served  as  its  president  during  the  first 
term  of  the  office;  also  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  State  Homeopathic  Medical  Society. 
He  was  one  of  the  membei-s  of  the  first  Board 
of  Medical  Examiners  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, and  was  President  of  the  Board.  He  is  a 
member  of  Rainier  Lodge,  I.  O.  ().  F.,  Tacoma, 
and  of  Oak  Leaf  Lodge,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Oakland, 
California, 

Dr.  Munson  was  married  in  A Lanieda  county, 
California,  February  20,  1873,  to  Miss  Abitha 
Dyer,  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maine.  They 
have  two  children,  Gertrude  and  Herrick. 

llOHN  JOHNSTON,  of  the  law  firm  of 
h  I  Buck,  Johnston  6i  Brown,  Spokane,  Wash- 
V»^  ington,  was  born  at  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
March  14,  1850.  His  parents,  John  and  Cath- 
erine (Biem)  Johnston,  were  natives  of  Ireland 
and  were  of  Scotch  descent.  When  he  was  three 
years  old  his  parents  came  to  America  and  loca- 
ted in  Prescott  county,  Canada,  where  they  made 
their  home  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of  1861 
they  went  to  Illinois  and  settled  on  a  farm  in 
the  vicinity  of  Lincoln,  that  State.  There  the 
subject  of'  our  sketch  grew  to  manhood.  He 
took  a  classical  course  at  the  Lincoln  University, 
o-raduating  with  the  class  of  1877,  and  then  en- 
tered the  law  department  of  Harvard  College, 
Massachusetts.  From  Harvard  he  was  called 
home,  a  few  months  later,  by  the  illness  and 
subsequent  death  of  his  father.  Then,  instead 
of  returning  to  college,  he  entered  the  office  of 
Beach  <\:  Ilodnett,  under  whose  instructions  he 
continued  to  study  law  for  two  years.  From 
1879  to  1882  he  served  as  Treasurer  of  ^tna 
township,  and  at  the  same  time  was  Justice  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


tlie  Peace  of  that  townsliip.  lu  the  spring  of 
1882  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  tlie  ISupreine 
Court,  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  and  irnnoediately 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Lincoln. 
While  a  resident  of  Illinois  Mr.  Johnston  took 
a  prominent  and  active  part  in  political  afl'airs, 
especially  during  the  campaign  of  1884.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Ciiurch, 
and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  the  ministry; 
also  taking  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  tbe 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Mr.  Johnston  was  married  in  1878,  to  Miss 
Dora  Foster,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  they  have 
two  children:  Emma  Alice  and  Walter  Foster, 
aged  twelve  and  two  years,  respectively. 

In  April,  1888,  Mr.  Johnston  came  with  his 
family  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  at  once 
opened  an  office  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  He  associated  himself  with 
James  li.  Dabner,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Johnston  &  Dabner.  This  partnership  was  dis- 
solved in  the  spring  of  1892,  and  the  present 
firm  of  Buck,  Johnston  i!c  Brown  was  formed. 
Mr.  Johnston  has  thoroughly  identified  himself 
with  the  best  interests  of  Spokane.  He  was 
prominently  mentioned  as  candidate  for  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  by  the  Hepublicans  of  Spokane, 
and  ran  second  in  the  convention,  polling  87 
votes  out  of  198. 

Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, being  ex-Master  of  Logan  Lodge,  x^o. 
480,  of  Lincoln,  Illinois,  where  he  formerly  re- 
sided. 

TT^EUBEN   CBOWDER,  an  old  settler  of 
1^^    Washington,  and  a  well-known   farmer 
J    ^   and  prominent  citizen,  residing  near  Bu- 
■^  coda,  was  born  in  Sangamon  county,  Illi- 

nois, near  Springiield,  on  November  12,  1829. 
His  parents,  Ken  ben  and  Nancy  (Martin)  Crow- 
der,  were  natives  of  Kentucky  and  North  Caro- 
lina respectively,  and  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  three  are  now  (1893)  living.  They  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Illinois,  to  which 
State  they  removed  from  Kentucky  in  an  early 
day,  when  the  country  was  new  and  wild  and 
had  few  inhabitants.  They  homesteaded  a  farm, 
on  which  they  resided  until  the  father's  death, 
the  old  homestead  being  now  owned  by  one  of 
the  children. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  resided  at  home 
and  worked  on  the  farm  during  his  youth  until 


he  became  old  enough  to  learn  the  chair-manu- 
facturing business,  which  he  continued  to  follow 
for  a  few  years.  Having  in  the  meantime  heard 
of  the  opportunities  afforded  in  the  extreme 
Northwest  to  young  men  of  energy  and  deter- 
mination, he  finally  decided  to  cast  his  fortunes 
with  that  far-away  country.  Accordingly,  April 
5,  1847,  we  see  him  starting  from  Springfield, 
Illinois,  in  the  usual  primitive  style  of  the  day, 
bound  across  the  plains  for  Dallas,  in  Polk 
county,  Oregon.  On  arriving  at  that  point,  in 
October  of  the  same  year  he  accompanied  James 
Watson  across  the  plains  and  settled  in  King's 
valley,  Oregon.  Just  beyond  the  Dalles  they 
met  and  camped  one  night  with  Dr.  Whitman, 
who  was  on  his  way  to  his  mission  on  the  Walla 
Walla  river,  at  the  junction  of  Mill  creek,  and 
it  was  only  a  short  time  afterward  that  Dr. 
Whitman,  his  wife  and  eleven  others  were  mas- 
sacred by  the  Indians,  which  event  marked  the 
beginning  of  the  Cayuse  war.  On  leaving  the 
Dalles,  Mr.  Crowder  crossed  the  mountains  on 
Barlow's  route,  which  he  was  advised  to  take  by 
Dr.  Whitman,  who  was  well  acquainted  with 
the  Northwestern  territory,  and  he  finally  ar- 
rived safely  in  the  Willamette  valley. 

On  New  Year's  day,  after  Mr.  Crowder's  ar- 
rival in  Oregon,  he  heard  of  the  Whitman  mas- 
sacre, and  forthwith  volunteered  under  Captain 
H.  J.  G.  Maxen,  taking  an  active  part  for  six 
mouths  in  the  Cayuse  war.  At  the  end  of  that 
time,  in  June,  1848,  he  returned  to  the  Wil- 
lamette valley  and  was  variously  occupied  until 
the  spring  of  1849,  at  which  time  he  started 
for  the  gold  fields  of  El  Dorado  county,  Cali- 
fornia. After  working  eighteen  months  in  the 
mines,  he  once  more  returned  to  Polk  coiinty, 
Oregon,  and  took  a  claim  of  820  acres  on  un- 
surveyed  land.  He  resided  on  this  from  1851 
to  1853,  when  he  sold  out.  He  had  never  noti- 
fied the  Government  of  his  settlement,  as  there 
were  no  land  offices  or  places  where  such  a  noti- 
fication could  be  given.  After  disposing  of  his 
land,  he  came,  in  1853,  to  Olympia,  Washing- 
ton Territory,  from  which  point  he  proceeded 
to  the  southern  part  of  Thurston  county,  where 
he  took  a  claim  of  320  acres,  situated  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  the  present  site  of  Bucoda. 
He  has  ever  since  resided  here,  except  during 
the  Indian  war,  when  he  volunteered  in  Com- 
pany B,  serving  three  months  under  Captain 
Gilmore  Hayes,  First  Lieutenant  G.  Hurd, 
Second  Lieutenant  William  Martin,  and  Orderly 
Sergeant  Joseph  Gibson. 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINOTOJ^. 


Their  first  battle  was  on  AVhite  river,  and 
lasted  all  day,  with  the  loss  of  one  man.  A 
second  skirmish  occurred  on  Green  river,  where 
Andrew  Byrd  was  wounded;  and  the  third  and 
last  engagement  took  place  at  South  prairie,  on 
the  Piiyallup  river,  where  the  company  had  five 
men  wounded,  only  one  of  them  dying.  After 
a  few  other  minor  events,  the  company  returned 
home,  in  1856. 

Jrtenben  Crowder  returned  to  his  farm  and 
engaged  in  its  cultivation,  also  working  at  vari- 
ous times  at  carpentry  in  Olympia.  So  greatly 
have  his  industrious  efforts  lieen  rewarded  that 
he  is  now  financially  well  situated,  with  valuable 
property  and  every  prospect  fnr  future  prosper- 
ity. A  few  years  ago  he  took  an  extensive  trip 
East,  visiting  the  old  homestead,  his  hirthplace, 
after  forty  years'  absence. 

March  10,  1S81,  Mr.  Crowder  was  married  to 
Eliza  A.  Wilkenson,  daughter  of  James  and 
Jane  (Druce)  Wilkenson,  English  people  of  al)il- 
ity  and  worth.  Mr.  and  Mi-s.  Crowder  have  an 
adopted  daughter,  their  only  child  having  died. 

In  the  enjoyment  of  financial  prosperity  and 
surrounded  by  an  interesting  family  and  many 
friends,  iWr.  Crowder  has  at  last  attained  the 
re\«ard  of  honest  and  intelligent  effort,  and 
may  truly  be  said  to  have  gained  the  highest 
success. 


JljILLIAM  D.  CLOSE,  Deputy  Sheriff  of 
V/  Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  is  a  native 
%  of  Mason  county,  Illinois,  born  Sep- 
tember 11,  1845,  a  son  of  John  G.  and  Mary 
(Mounts)  Close,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee respectively.  John  G.  Close  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  of  Mason  county,  Illinois,  and 
erected  a  mill  on  Crane  creek,  the  mud-sills  of 
which  still  remain  on  the  original  site. 

Until  William  D.  had  attained  his  majority 
he  remained  on  the  old  homestead;  he  was  then 
married  and  retnoved  to  Missouri,  locating  near 
Carrollton,  in  1868;  there  he  was  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits  until  1880,  when  he  de- 
termii\ed  to  remove  to  the  Pacific  coast.  Carry- 
ing out  this  plan  he  arrived  in  Kalama,  Cowlitz 
county,  Washington,  October  28,  1880,  and 
located  on  a  tract  of  land  near  Kalama,  which 
he  had  purchased  previous  to  his  removal.  He 
stocked  this  ranch,  consisting  of  200  acres,  with 
cattle,  and  did  a  general  farming  business;  he 
also  operated  a  fish- trap,  which  he  had  bought 


with  the  place,  that  proved  a  profitable  invest- 
ment, the  catch  netting  from  $5  to  |72  a  day. 
In  August,  1881,  he  opened  a  store  at  Car- 
roll's Point,  was  Postmaster  there,  and  carried 
on  a  mercantile  trade  there  until  April,  1882, 
when  he  sold  out  the  business  and  returned  to 
his  ranch.  In  February,  1883,  he  was  appointed 
County  Treasurer,  and  served  in  this  capacity 
with  marked  efiiciency  for  one  year  and  eleven 
months.  When  he  came  to  Kalama  to  assume 
the  duties  of  this  office  there  was  but  one  store 
in  the  place.  He  formed  a  partnership  with 
C.  E.  Forsyth,  and  they  erected  a  building  and 
placed  on  sale  a  general  stock  of  merchandise. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  they  disposed  of  the 
business,  and  Mr.  Close  went  to  his  ranch.  He 
devoted  himself  to  agriculture  until  May,  1887, 


wild 

Adv, 


)k'ted  the  purchase  of  the  Cowlitz 


te,  and 


iodical  at   lv;i 


ted  the  puMic;itioii  of  this 
until  ()ct..l)er,  ISSS,  after- 
ward furnishing  as  a  hotel  the  building  in 
which  the  Advocate  had  been  published.  He 
managed  this  hostelry  until  September  8,  1889, 
when  he  vacated,  having  sold  the  property  a 
month  previous  to  this  date.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  real- estate,  loan  and 
insurance  business.  He  was  one  of  the  prime 
movers  in  incorporating  the  town  of  Kalama; 
was  elected  one  of  its  first  Board  of  Aldermen, 
and  re-elected,  but  resigned  before  the  end  of 
the  second  term.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Kalama  I'xiard  of  Trade  since  its  organization 
in  1890.  In  January,  1893,  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  Cowlitz  county,  under  Sheriff" 
A.  L.  Watson. 

Mr.  Close  is  a  member  of  Kalama  Lodge, 
No.  17,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.;  he  has  been  Financier 
of  Kalama  Lodge,  No.  42,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  since 
its  organization;  he  was  a  charter  member  of 
McPherson  Post,  No.  12,  G.  A.  R.,  and  for 
many  years  was  its  Commander;  he  was  the 
first  Quartermaster,  and  is  now  Ofiicer  of  the 
Day.  He  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  and 
organizers  in  the  incorporated  company  that 
erected  the  G.  A.  R.  Hall  at  Kalama;  was 
elected  its  first  president,  and  is  still  president, 
having  served  three  terms.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Comrades  of  the  Battlefield,  and  is  Recruit- 
ing Officer  of  this  body. 

In  this  connection  an  outline  of  the  military 
career  of  our  subject  will  be  given:  Mr.  Close 
enlisted  in  the  United  States  service,  July  4, 
1862,  at  Bath,  Mason  county,  Illinois;  at  Peo- 
ria, Illinois,  August  1,  he  was  assigned  to  Com- 


St  STORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


pany  D,  Eighty-fiftli  Illinois  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, and  proceeded  to  Lonisville,  Kentucky. 
The  first  engagement  in  which  he  participated 
was  at  Perry  ville,  under  General  Phil.  H.  Sheri- 
dan; he  fought  all  through  Tennessee  under 
General  George  H.  Thomas,  and  was  with  that 
valiant  officer  at  Chickarnauga  and  Missionary 
Ridge,  as  well  as  in  the  campaign  from  Ring- 
gold, Georgia,  to  Atlanta.  In  the  taking  of 
Atlanta  he  was  wounded  ind  sent  to  the  hospi- 
tal; he  was  afterward  removed  to  Nashville, 
and  later  to  Louisville,  where  he  lay  until  May 
16,  1865.  He  was  then  honorably  discharged, 
and  returned  to  his  home  in  Mason  county, 
Illinois.  During  his  term  of  service  he  had 
participated  in  nineteen  general  engagements, 
and  from  the  time  of  his  enlistment  until  he 
was  disabled  before  Atlanta  he  was  in  the  thick- 
est of  the  tight,  although  only  a  youth  of  six- 
teen years  when  he  offered  his  life  to  his  coun- 
try. When  a  mere  lad  he  had  become  very 
proficient  in  the  handling  of  fire-arms,  and 
while  in  the  army  was  often  called  upon  to  act 
as  sharpshooter.  Since  coming  to  this  State  he 
has  performed  many  feats  of  marksmanship,  but, 
thanks  to  our  advance  in  civilization,  his  arm  is 
no  more  lifted  against  his  fellow-man. 

Mr.  Close  was  married  at  Havana,  Illinois, 
March  6,  1867,  to  Miss  Frances  J.  O'Neal,  of 
Mason  county,  Illinois.  They  have  had  born 
to  them  a  family  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom 
survive:  Hardin  W.,  Fred,  Lena  M.  (wife  of 
James  Hughes),  Edward,  Lulu  F.,  Nellie,  Win- 
nie and  Ivy;  Millard  F.  died  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen years,  and  Edna  passed  away  at  the  age  of 
six  years. 

. ^.^.^t^ 

y)  F.  HAYS,  attorney  of  Seattle,  was 
J/  born  in  Tippecanoe  county,  Indiana, 
■1  February  20.  1853.  His  father,  Cor- 
mican  Hays,  and  his  mother,  Harriet  (Bowen) 
Hays,  were  natives  of  Ohio,  and  both,  early  in 
life,  moved  therefrom  to  the  State  of  Indiana, 
where  they  were  afterward  married,  in  Tippe- 
canoe county.  They  continued  to  reside  there 
for  about  ten  years,  within  which  time  William 
F.  was  born.  They  then  removed  with  their 
family  to  White  county,  near  Brookston,  where 
his  father  acquired  large  landed  interests  and 
engaged  extensively  in  the  stock  business. 

Tlie  early  education  of   William  F.  was  con- 
ducted at  Brookston   Academy,  and  in  1872  he 


W 


entered  the  Asbury  University,  taking  a  class- 
ical course,  and  continuing  until  the  sophomore 
year.  He  had  acquired  an  extensive  knowledge 
of  the  stock  l)usiness,  and  had  in  the  meantime 
engaged  extensively  in  the  trade  on  his  own  ac- 
count, having  made  a  great  many  shipments  of 
cattle  to  New  York  city,  his  first  venture  in  that 
line  being  while  he  was  yet  under  the  age  of 
seventeen  years.  It  was  with  his  own  money 
and  energy  that  he  acquired  his  collegiate  edu-  • 
cation,  his  father  having  failed  in  business  and  ■ 
become  greatly  involved  during  the  financial 
panic  of  1873. 

In  1875  William  F.  began  operations  on  the 
Chicago    Board  of  Trade,  in    the   wheat  deal, 
where  he  made  considerable  money,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1875   he   went  to  California  for  the  pur- 
pose of  examining  a  gold  mine  for  a  syndicate  of 
capitalistsy  with  a  view  to  purchase;   but  having 
made  his  examination  reported  unfavorably  on 
the  proposition  of  purchase.      In  the  winter  of 
lS75-'76  he,  with  a  number  of  other  gentlemen, 
organized  a  corporation, capitalized  at  ^3,000,000, 
and  known  as  the  Union  Commercial  Company. 
The  object  of   the  corporation   was  to    reduce 
rates  of  freight  and  transportation  by  a  combi- 
nation of  shippers  and  commercial  men.    'He 
continued  in  the  organization  and  devoted  much 
time    to   perfecting   the  plans    of    the  corpora- 
tion, being  one  of  its  directors,  and  having  ex- 
pended in  its  interest  a  good  many  thousands  of 
dollars.       Owing  to  the  Centennial  exposition, 
the  plans  of  the    association    were   found  to  be 
impracticable  at  that  time,  as  it  proved  impossi- 
ble  to   form    with  the   railroad  companies  the 
combination  desired  and  to  obtain  the  necessaiy 
concessions  from  such  source.      Further,  a  few 
of  the  directors  of  the  association  saw  fit  to  dis- 
pose of  their  stock,  and  thereby  relinquish  their 
personal  efforts  and  assistance  in  the  enterprise, 
so  that  the   venture  proved  a  losing  one  to  him. 
He  then,  in  the  fall  of  1876,  after  visiting  the 
Centennial    exposition,    went    to    the    State    of 
Texas,    under  a  contract  with  some  Pittsbui-g 
capitalists,  for  the  purchase  and  sale  of  150,000 
acres  of  land.      After  arranging  for  the  purchase 
of  the  lands,  and  taking  all  the  necessary  steps 
for  the  consummation   of  the  deal,  he  was  ad- 
vised by  the  Pittsburg  capitalists  that  they  were 
unable  to   carry   out  the  contract    for  want  of 
money.     In  the  meantime,  he  had  entered  into 
a  contract  and   purchase  from  the  Olive  Broth- 
ers of  26,000  head  of  cattle,  representing  many 
different  breeds.      The  price  to    be  paid    was 


titSTORT    OV    WASHINGTON. 


$73,000,  being  less  than  %%  per  head.  Their 
reason  for  selling  so  cheaply  was  on  account  of 
their  having  become  involved  in  personal  en- 
counter vi'ith  their  neighbors,  in  which  alterca- 
tion one  of  the  Olive  brothers  and  a  brother-in- 
law  were  killed,  as  well  as  several  of  the  other 
faction.  It  consequently  became  dangerous  for 
them  to  go  on  the  plains  to  gather  their  cattle. 
He  made  every  arrangement  and  preparation  for 
gathering  his  cattle  in  the  spring  and  complet- 
ing the  entire  payment  of  purchase  money 
therefor,  having  arranged  tor  the  money  and 
made  a  tender  tiiereof  to  the  Olives.  But  the 
value  of  cattle  having  advanced  very  rapidly 
in  Texas  that  year,  at  the  time  of  the  delivery 
the  cattle  were  worth  more  than  double  what 
they  were  on  the  day  of  purchase,  and  the  Olives 
refused  to  meet  their  contract,  the  enforcement 
of  which  necessitated  a  lawsuit,  preparation  for 
which  he  had  made,  and  had  notified  his  father 
of  the  fact  that  he  was  going  to  enforce  the  con- 
tract by  litigation.  His  father  went  down  to 
Texas,  and,  after  inquiring  into  the  character 
and  nature  of  the  men  with  whom  the  deal  was 
made,  and  at  the  earnest  advice  of  local  attor- 
neys, he  thought  it  was  dangerous  for  any  man 
tahave  a  personal  controversy  with  these  men, 
and  after  a  great  deal  of  persuasion  induced 
William  F.  to  abandon  the  suit  and  return  to 
Indiana  and  take  up  the  study  of  the  law,  in 
which  profession  he  had  been  educated.  He 
read  law  with  Colonel  R.  F.  Deliart,  for  a  time 
at  Lafayette,  Indiana,  and  under  the  instruc- 
tions of  Colonel  John  A.- Stein,  for  a  little  over 
one  year,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and,  in 
the  fall  of  1878,  entered  the  law  department  of 
the  University  of  Michigan,  at  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  1879.  He  immediately  returned  to 
Indiana  and  opened  a  law  otKce  in  Lafayette, 
and  was  shortly  afterward  nominated  by  the 
Democratic  party  to  the  office  of  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Tippecanoe  county.  In  the  fall  of 
1880,  the  year  when  Dorsey  "soaped  the  State," 
he  was  defeated  in  his  election  by  a  slender  ma- 
jority, having  run  over  seven  hundred  ahead  of 
his  ticket  in  the  county.  He  continued  the 
practice  until  1881,  when  he  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, where  he  remained  four  years,  giving  his 
time  mostly  to  speculations,  such  as  the  organi- 
zation and  operation  of  live-stock  companies, 
one  in  Montana  and  one  in  Colorado,  and  occa- 
sional deals  on  the  Board  of  Trade.  Within 
these  years  and  out  of  these  several  deals  he  had 
accumulated  several  thousand  dollars,  the  most 


of  which  he  invested  in  corn,  in  the  fall  and 
winter  of  1883-'84:,  entering  in  what  was  known 
as  the  Truman  B.  Hardy  corn  deal,  in  which 
deal  William  F.  had  over  ^42,000.  Owing  to 
his  personal  friendship  for  Mr.  Hardy,  he  would 
not  take  in  his  profits,  hut  carried  his  deal  to 
assist  Mr.  Hardy  in  successfully  running  the 
cortier,  which,  however,  proved  unavailing,  al- 
though in  that  deal  corn  was  advanced  to  over 
$1  a  bushel,  and  Mr.  Hardy  had  purchased  train- 
load  after  train-load  and  paid  cash  therefor. 
Within  two  days  of  settlement,  his  finances  gave 
out,  and  as  a  consequence  he  failed  and  the  cor- 
ner failed,  leaving  Hardy  a  bankrupt  and  losing 
W.  F.  all  of  his  inv^ested  capital.  Although 
financially  greatly  crippled,  with  his  usual  cour- 
age, he  organized  what  is  known  as  the  Capital 
Accident  Insurance  Company,  of  Springfield, 
Illinois,  with  John  M.  Palmer  as  president  and 
himself  as  the  general  manager  and  counselor. 
He  continued  in  the  management  of  the  affairs 
of  said  corporation  until  1889.  In  the  mean- 
time he  met  Miss  Katherine  Grould,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  JSI.  B.Gould,  of  Cambridge, 
Illinois,  and  on  April  29,  1889,  William  F. 
Hays  and  Katherine  Gould  were  quietly  united 
in  marriage  at  the  residence  of  her  parents,  the 
Rev.  D.  P.  Garrett,  present  rector  of  St.  Mark's 
Episcopal  (Jhurch,  of  Seattle,  officiating.  The 
marriage  was  the  greatest  surprise  to  the  rela- 
tives and  friends  of  the  contracting  parties,  as 
Miss  Gould  was  never  suspected  by  any  of  her 
friends  or  relations  as  having  the  slightest  idea 
of  marriage.  William  F.  was  also  supposed  to 
be  fixed  upon  "single  blessedness."  Shortly 
after  his  marriage,  and  after  a  pleasant  bridal 
tour,  he  disposed  of  a  portion  of  his  interest  in 
the  insurance  business,  at  Springfield,  Illinois, 
and  with  liis  bride  removed  to  Washington, 
with  the  intention  of  making  it  his  permanent 
residence.  He  located  at  Port  Townsend,  en- 
gaging in  the  law  practice  in  1889,  having  suc- 
ceeded, at  that  place,  the  law  firm  of  Bradshaw 
&  Sachs,  Mr.  Bradshaw  having  been  appointed 
Collector  of  United  States  Customs,  and  Mr. 
Sachs  having  been  elected  Judge  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court.  He  continiied  to  practice  his  pro- 
fession with  marked  success,  having  been 
engaged  in  almost  every  important  case  in  that 
court  until  July,  1892,  when  he  removed  to  the 
city  of  Seattle,  and  there  continued  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  The  first  ease  which  he  had 
in  this  city  was  the  celebrated  breach-of-promise 
suit,  Bellanger  vs.  Craswell,  he  being  the  attor- 


m 


UlsroUT    OF    W^lsniNGTON. 


ney  for  the  plaintiff..  After  a  bitter  fight  he 
sBiiured  for  the  plaintiff  a  verdict  of  $10,000. 
He  has  recently  formed  a  co-partnership  with 
William  E.  Humphrey,  also  a  native  of  Indiana, 
born  near  Crawfordsville,  and  a  graduate  of 
Wabash  College.  He  formerly  engaged  in  law 
practice  in  partnership  with  Hon.  Michael  JJ. 
White. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hays  have  one  child,  Katherine 
Gould  Hays,  now  (1893)  two  and  one-half  years 
old. 

Mr.  Hays  has  acquired  considerate  real  es- 
tate since  coming  to  Washington.  He  is  a 
member  of  no  fraternal  society,  and  has  declined 
every  proffered  political  preferment,  considering 
the  work  of  his  profession  as  the  highest  of  all 
honors. 


11  LBEET  BRAUX,  vice-president  of  the 
l\  Seattle  Brewing  and  Malting  Company, 
^  was  born  at  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine, 
Germany,  in  February,  1863.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Germany  and  then 
traveled  quite  extensively  through  the  European 
countries.  His  business  career  began  under 
the  direction  of  his  father,  who  was  an  extensive 
manufacturer  of  preserved  fruits,  vegetables, 
meats  and  fancy  canned  goods,  and  was  con- 
tinued in  the  same  industry,  in  partnership  with 
his  brother  at  Mainz,  on  the  Rhine. 

In  1888  Mr.  Brauu  sold  his  interest  and  came 
to  the  United  States  and,  upon  the  advice  of 
Adolphus  Busch,  president  of  the  Anheuser- 
Busch  Association,  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  he 
entered  the  brewery  of  Peter  Doelger,  of  New 
York,  and  learned  the  practical  workings  of  the 
business,  completing  his  instruction  in  the  de- 
tails at  the  Anheuser-Busch  brewery  in  St. 
Louis. 

In  1889  Mr.  Braun  made  a  trip  through  the 
Northwest,  and,  after  a  short  visit  in  Seattle,  he 
was  so  favorably  impressed  with  the  people  and 
location  of  the  city  that  he  decided  upon  the 
city  as  a  location  for  future  settlement.  He 
then  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  continued  his 
studies  of  the  brewery  business  up  to  March  1, 
1890,  when  he  again  visited  Seattle  and  at 
once  engaged  in  the  organization  of  the  Albert 
Braun  Brewing  Association,  which  was  incor- 
porated with  a  capital  of  $250,000,  he  being 
duly  elected  president  and  general  manager. 
The   brewery   was  erected   si.'w    miles   south    of 


Seattle,  very  complete  in  all  its  appointments, 
with  a  capacity  of  70,000  barrels  per  year,  the 
product  finding  a  ready  market  in  Washington, 
Oregon,  Idaho  and  British  Columbia.  Continu- 
ing up  to  1893,  the  Albert  Braun  Brewing 
Association  was  consolidated  with  the  Bay  View 
Brewing  Company  and  the  Clanson-Sweeney 
Brewing  Company,  and  incorporated  as  the 
Seattle  Brewing  and  Malting  Company,  with 
capital  stock  of  §1,000,000.  The  affairs  of  the 
new  association  were  conducted  by  the  managers 
of  the  old  breweries,  the  official  corps  being: 
Andrew  Hemrich,  President;  Albert  Braun, 
Vice-President;  Edward  F.  Sweeney,  Secretary; 
and  Fred  Kirschner,  Treasurer. 

The  company  expects  to  develop  brewing  and 
malting  into  one  of  the  leading  interests  of  the 
city  of  Seattle,  and  as  their  product  has  com- 
peted successfully  with  the  best  Eastern  brands 
there  is  little  doubt  of  an  auspicious  future. 

Mr.  Braun  is  also  interested  in  various  other 
enterprises  of  tlie  city  and  he  has  perfect  faith 
and  confidence  in  the  future  of  Seattle  and  the 
Sound  districts. 


R.  JAMES  PARKER,  medical  practi- 
tioner in  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
the  county  of  Leeds,  Province  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  in  March,  1844.  His  parents  were 
from  Ireland,  emigrating  to  Canada  about  1823 
and  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the 
county  of  Leeds,  where  Mr.  Parker  followed  an 
agricultural  life.  Nine  children  were  born  to 
them,  eight  sons  and  one  daughter. 

The  subject  of  this  record  was  educated  in 
the  common  and  high  schools  of  his  native 
county,  with  a  finishing  course  at  the  Upper 
Canada  College,  at  Toronto,  where  he  received 
his  literary  degree.  He  then  began  teaching 
school  in  the  county  of  Wellington  and  con- 
tinued to  be  thus  occupied  for  six  school  years, 
passing  his  vacations  at  home  and  employing 
his  idle  moments  in  the  study  of  medicine.  In 
October,  1868,  he  entered  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  Victoria  University  at  Toronto  and 
graduated  there  in  1872.  The  same  year  he 
received  a  degree  from  the  medical  department 
of  Trinity  University  and  a  certificate  of  prac- 
tice from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
He  then  commence  1  practice  at  Toledo,  county 
of  Leeds,  and  there   remained  seven  years,  then 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


(58i 


removed  to  Westport,  same  comity  and  followed 
a  general  practice  up  to  1890.  He  was  married 
at  Toledo,  in  February,  1873,  to  Miss  Amelia 
Bell,  who  died,  at  Westport,  without  issue,  in 
February,  1888.  After  the  death  of  Mrs.  Par- 
ker, the  Doctor  went  to  New  York  city  and 
took  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  Polyclinic 
College,  then  returned  to  his  practice  and  was 
again  married,  at  Brighton,  in  1889,  to  Miss 
Caroline  A.  Flindall,  native  of  the  county  of 
N^orthuinberland. 

In  the  spring  of  1890  the  Doctor  closed  his 
business  and  removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  has 
since  followed  his  profession,  giving  particular 
attention  to  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear  and  throat 
and  diseases  of  women.  In  the  fall  of  1892  he 
again  visited  New  York,  and  took  a  past  grad- 
uate course  with  reference  to  the  practice  of 
the  above  specialties. 

Mr.  and^Mrs.  Parker  have  one  child,  Kathleen 
Edna  Eudora. 

The  Doctor  owns  valuable  residence  property 
at  North  Seattle,  Green  Lake  and  an  unim- 
proved tract  of  eighty  acres  at  Slaughter,  but  de- 
votes all  his  time  an  energies  to  the  furtherance 
of  his  profession  and  the  demands  of  a  broad 
and  lucrative  practice. 


}f  ON.  W.  B.  KELLEY,  of  Sumner,  Wash- 
J     ington,  was  born  near  Winchester,  Bed- 
41    ford  county,  Tennessee,  January  29, 1839, 
third  in  a  family  of  fourteen  children.   Of 
this  large  family  only  four  are  now  living. 

Nathan  T.  Kelley,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  boin  October  17,  1814,  and  February  8, 
1835,  was  united  in  marriage  to  Elizabeth  G. 
Turman.  In  1844  they  moved  lo  Perry  county, 
Illinois,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  and 
whei'e  for  several  years  he  also  served  as  County 
Clerk.  In  1801  he  removed  to  Franklin  county, 
that  State,  and  turned  his  attention  to  mercan- 
tile pursuits,  continuing  there  until  March  28, 
1864.  At  that  time  he  started  across  the  plains 
for  the  far  West,  in  company  with  Dudley  Mc- 
Cann,  G.  W.  Parish,  William  Farlow  and  M. 
Hicks.  Mr.  McCann  is  now  a  resident  of  Clarke 
county,  Washington,  and  the  other  three  are 
living  in  Oregon.  When  they  started  out  on 
this  overland  journey  their  train  was  composed 
of  six  wagons,  but  from  time  to  time  they  were 
joined   l)y  other  parties,  and  when  they  were 


traveling  through  the  Indian  countries  their 
train  sometimes  numbered  as  many  as  125  wag- 
ons. They,  however,  were  not  molested  by  the 
Indians,  although  they  were  within  sight  of  one 
battle  in  the  Platte  river  valley.  They  arrived 
at  Puyallup  valley  in  the  fall  of  1864,  after 
being  seven  months  and  three  days  en  route. 
Nathan  T.  Kelley  took  a  homestead  near  Con- 
nell's  prairie,  where  he  lived  until  the  time  of 
his  death  in  1877.  He  served  three  terms  in 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Washington. 

William  B.  Kelley's  boyhood  days  were  spent 
in  Illinois,  attending  the  public  schools  in  win- 
ter and  working  on  his  father's  farm  in  the 
sun)mer  seasons.  He  was  a  student  at  Mc- 
Kendree  College  during  the  winter  term  of 
1858-'59,  at  Lebanon,  Illinois,  afterward  teach- 
ing in  Jefferson  and  Franklin  counties.  No- 
vember 21,  1862,  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  Frank- 
lin county,  his  certificate  of  election  bearing  the 
names  of  Richard  Yates,  Governor  of  Illinois, 
and  O.  M.  Hatch,  Secretary  of  State.  He  re- 
signed said  office  in  March,  1864,  to  accompany 
his  parents  across  the  plains  to  Wasiiington. 

Mr.  Kelley  was  married  in  Illinois,  in  1861, 
to  Mary  M.  Williams,  who  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  that  State,  February  28,  1843, 
daughter  of  Henry  M.  and  Judith  (Boyles) 
Williams.  Her  parents  were  both  born  in  the 
year  1823,  her  father  being  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky and  her  mother  of  Ohio.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kelley  have  four  children   living. 

William  B.  Kelley  came  to  Washington  with 
his  father,  and  upon  his  arrival  here  camped  on 
the  donation  claim  of  Van  Ogle,  remaining  on 
it  during  the  winter.  In  the  meantime  he  pre- 
empted 160  acres  of  land  in  section  34,  town- 
ship 20  north,  range  5  east.  Pierce  county,  and 
at  once  went  to  work  to  build  a  road  to  his  land 
and  to  erect  a  log  cabin.  In  1865.  his  cabin 
completed,  he  moved  into  it  and  lived  there 
until  the  following  spring.  His  supplies  and 
money  being  exhausted,  he  then  went  to  Thurs- 
ton county  and  taught  school  during  the  summer 
and  w'orked  in  a  logging  camp  in  the  winter. 
In  the  spring  of  1867  he  came  back  to  his  cabin 
and  resumed  the  clearing  and  improving  of  his 
land.  In  1875  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature  of  Washington,  and  re- 
elected in  1877,  and  served  two  terms,  and  in 
1879  he  moved  to  eastern  Washington  and  en- 
gaged in  mining  one  year.  Again  returning 
to  his  claim  in  the  fall  of  1879,  he  was  soon 
afterward    elected    Auditor    of   Pierce   county. 


m 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


This  necessitated  liis  removal  to  Tacoma.  His 
efficient  services  in  this  office  were  appreciated 
and  he  was  consecutively  elected  for  two  more 
terms,  serving  in  all  six  years.  Again  he  re- 
tired to  his  farm.  Here  he  has  since  lived, 
giving  his  attention  to  its  cultivation  and  im- 
provement. 

Mr.  Kelleyisa  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
blue  lodge  No.  22;  Tacoma  Chapter,  No.  4,  R. 
A.  M. ;  Ivanhoe  Commandery,  No.  4,  K.  T., 
and  Afifi  Temple,  A.  A.  O.  N.  M.  S.  Few  men 
in  this  part  of  Washington  are  better  known 
than  lion.  W.  B.  Kelley,  and  few,  if  any,  are 
held  in  higher  esteem  than  he. 

— '^m^m^^^-- 

IfSAAC  NEWLAND,  a  well-known  farmer 
and  pioneer  of  Klickitat  county,  was  born  in 
-i  Boone  county,  Missouri,  in  March,  1831,  a 
son  of  George  and  Taliathie  (Turner)  Newland, 
natives  of  Madison  county,  Kentucky.  The 
father,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  died  in  Missouri 
April  14,  1849,  the  mother  having  departed  this 
life  when  our  subject  was  quite  young.  They 
had  three  children,  two  sons  and  one  daughter, 
and  one  son  and  daughter  still  reside  in  Mis- 
souri. 

Isaac  Newland,  the  second  cliild  in  order  of 
birth,  spent  his  early  life  in  his  native  county. 
He  afterward  removed  to  Audrain  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  in  1877  brought  his  family  to  Klick- 
itat county,  Washington.  In  the  foUowingyear 
he  moved  to  his  present  farm  of  200  acres,  lo- 
cated six  miles  west  of  Goldendale,  all  of  which 
is  well  improved.  Mr.  IvTewland  is  engaged  in 
general  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  also  has 
a  good  orchard  of  many  kinds  of  fruit. 

He  was  married  in  Audrain  county,  Missouri, 
March  20,  1856,  to- Miss  Z.  T.  Mayes,  a  native 
of  Boone  county,  that  State,  and  a  daughter 
of  D.  D.  and  Mary  Ann  (Earnes)  Mayes,  na- 
tives of  Missouri  and  Virginia,  respectively. 
In  1864,  via  Fort  Laramie  and  Fort  Hall,  the  par- 
ents crossed  the  plains  to  Grande  Ronde  valley, 
Oregon.  They  came  in  a  company  of  fifteen 
wagons,  and  Mr.  Mayes  died  on  the  road,  the 
trip  being  otherwise  successful.  The  family 
subsequently  removed  to  the  Willamette  valley, 
near  Salem,  where  they  purchased  ninety  acres  of 
land  and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-rais- 
ing. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newland  have  five  children, 
viz.:  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs.  Hanse:   Thomas  J.,  a 


physician  of  Ellensbui-g;  William  R.,  of  Seattle; 
Mary  D.,  now  Mrs.  Spalding;  and  Nannie  W., 
wife  of  a  Mr.  Landcaster.  Politically,  Mr.  New- 
land  votes  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  county  and 
school  affairs. 


^  IjlLLIAM  E.  WILSON  was  born  in 
i/'  St.  Lawrence  county,  New  York,  Janu- 
■1  ary  28,  1844.  His  parents,  John  C. 
and  Jane  (Mitciiell)  Wilson,  were  natives  of 
Ireland  and  Scotland  respectively,  but  came  to 
the  United  States  in  childhood,  and  located  with 
their  parents  in  St.  Lawrence  county.  William 
E.  attended  the  schools  of  his  native  county  up 
to  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  when,  though 
but  a  lad  of  seventeen  years,  he  enlisted,  on 
April  18,  1861,  in  Company  B,  Sixteenth  New 
York  Infantry.  The  regiment  was  sent  to  the 
front  and  joined  the  Sixth  Army  Corps,  under 
General  W.  1>.  Franklin,  and  took  part  in  the 
first  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  the  succeeding  en- 
gagements of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  his  two  years'  term  of  enlist- 
ment, ]\Ir.  Wilson  re-enlisted  in  the  Thirteenth 
New  York  Heavy  Artillery,  which,  joining  the 
Third  Battalion,  was  transferred  to  .  General 
Charles  K.  Graham's  Naval  Brigade.  Mr. 
Wilson  was  commissioned  Lieutenant,  securing 
that  rank  by  gradual  promotion  for  bravery  and 
efficient  service  upon  the  field.  His  naval  ser- 
vice was  upon  the  United  States  steamers  "  Fos- 
ter" and  "Parks,"  cruising  the  coast  and  through 
Albemarle  Sound  and  James  river.  Serving 
through  the  war,  he  was  at  the  grand  review  at 
Washington,  and  was  then  mustered  out  and 
discharged  at  Hart's  island.  New  York,  on  July 
11,  1865.  He  then  located  at  Algona,  Iowa; 
built  a  hotel  and  operated  it  one  year,  then 
pushed  westward,  and,  at  Helena,  Montana,  con- 
ducted a  grocery  business  up  to  September, 
1867,  when  the  severity  of  the  climate  induced 
him  to  come  to  Oregon.  At  Salem  he  secured 
employment  in  a  general  merchandise  store,  and 
subsequently  started  an  independent  business. 
He  was  married,  in  1868,  to  Miss  Sudie  F., 
native  of  Salem  and  only  daugliter  of  Dr.  Will- 
iam Warren,  one  of  Oregon's  respected  pio- 
neers. Continuing  his  business  up  to  July, 
1870,  Mr.  Wilson  then  sold  And  removed  to 
Seattle,  and   engaged   as   master  mechanic  with 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  Seattle  Coal  &  Transportation  Company,  sul>- 
seqnently  becoming  superintendent  of  their 
mines.  He  continued  in  their  employ  lor  five 
years,  and  then  engaged  in  contracting  and 
building,  liavirig  become  qualified  for  that  occu- 
pation ill  his  youth.  To  facilitate  his  business, 
he  started,  in  the  spring  of  1888,  a  sash  and 
door  factory  at  the  foot  of  Seneca  street.  The 
plant  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  June  follow- 
ing. He  then  helped  organize  the  Rainier  Manu- 
facturing Company,  whose  plant  was  located  at  the 
foot  of  Mercer  street,  and  after  one  year  of  suc- 
cessful work  was  again  burned  out  with  heavy 
loss.  He  again  entered  the  milling  business, 
which  he  continued  until  the  spring  of  1892, 
when,  owing  to  depression  of  business,  he  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  Superintendent  of  the 
water  works  of  Seattle,  having  been  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  Public  Works. 

The  city  purchased  tlie  Spring  Hill  plant  in 
November,  1890,  and  the  plant  of  the  Lake 
Union  AVater  Company  in  September,  1891. 
The  chief  supply  is  Lake  Wasliington,  the  W'ater 
being  pumped  to  reservoirs  on  Beacon  and 
Queen  Ann  hills.  A  large  pumping  station  is 
established  on  the  border  of  the  lake,  with  im- 
proved facilities  and  a  pumping  capacity  of 
11,000,000  gallons  daily,  the  equipment  being 
supplemented  by  other  pumping  stations  for 
raising  water  to  the  higher  elevations,  The 
system  embraces  ninety-two  miles  of  pipe,  with 
a  daily  consumption  of  6,200,000  gallons  of 
water,  and  a  monthly  revenue  to  the  city  of 
$12,000. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  have  two  children, 
Clara  C.  and  Charles  D.  Socially,  Mr.  Wilson 
affiliates  with  Stevens  Post,  No.  1,  (1.  A.  K., 
and  the  K.  of  P., — being  Past  Commander  and 
Past  Chancellor  Comnuxndcr  of  the  respective 
bodies. 


APT.  ZEPIIAXIAH  J.  HATCH,  resi- 
dent of  Olympia,  and  proprietor  of  the 
steamboat  Monticello,  was  born  in  Mon- 
ticello,  Sullivan  county.  New  York,  June  15, 
1846.  His  father,  Cornelius  Hatch,  was  a  na- 
tive of  New  Bedford,  Connecticut,  was  reared 
upon  the  fai-m,  sailed  a  short  period  upon  the 
deep  sea,  then,  returning,  removed  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Sullivan  coimty.  New  York,  with  the 
pioneer  settleuient  of  that  country.   He  engaged 


in  farming  and  was  subsequently  married  to 
Jane  Trowbridge,  a  native  of  Westchester 
county.  New  York,  her  parents  being  also 
among  the  pioneers  of  Sullivan  county.  Seven 
children  were  born  to  this  union,  four  of  whom 
reached  maturity,  and  they,  witii  the  parents, 
are  still  living. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  upon 
the  farm  and  attended  the  public  schools  and 
academy  of  Monticello  during  the  winter 
months,  continuing  his  studies  at  home  with 
his  father,  who  was  a  highly  educated  man.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years  our  subject  was  en- 
gaged as  principal  of  the  public  schools  of  El- 
lenville,  and  taught  until  1870,  when  he  en- 
gaged as  bookkeeper  of  the  First  National  Bank 
and  later  as  assistant  cashier,  remaining  until 
August,  1872.  He  then  resigned  and  removed 
to  Portland,  Oregon.  Shortly  after  arrival  he 
M'as  engaged  in  the  engineering  department  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Kailroad,  was  then  em- 
ployed at  Kalama,  but  after  a  few  weeks  the 
work  stopped  and  Mr.  Hatch  returned  to  Port- 
land and  to  the  occupation  of  bookkeeping.  In 
June,  1873,  he  moved  to  >'  Old-town,"  Tacoma, 
and  became  bookkeeper  and  paymaster  of  the 
Tacoma  Land  Company,  who  were  clearing  and 
grading  for  the  new  town.  With  the  failure  of 
Jay  Cooke,  in  1874,  general  business  became 
very  dull  and  Mr.  Hatch  resigned,  as  his  nature 
was  too  active  to  indulge  idleness.  He  then 
started  for  the  mines  at  Virginia  City,  but  at 
Portland  fell  in  with  Captain  U.  B.  Scott,  S. 
H.  Brown,  and  L.  B.  Seeley,  who  had  just  built 
the  steamer,  Ohio,  to  run  on  the  Willamette 
river  between  Portland  and  Eugene;  and  they 
engaged  Mr.  Hatch  to  act  as  clerk  on  the  boat, 
which  was  140  feet  long,  25  feet  beam,  and  fiat 
bottom,  drawing  but  one  foot  of  water,  being 
the  first  light-draft  boat  on  the  river.  During 
the  absence  of  Mr.  Brown,  our  subject  managed 
the  boat,  until  May,  1875,  then  resigned,  but 
shortly  afterward  associated  himself  with  Scott, 
Brown,  Seeley  and  M.  S.  Bui-rall,  and  organized 
the  U.  B.  Scott  Steamboat  Company,  each  own- 
ing one-fifth  interest.  They  built  the  City  of 
Salem,  improving  upon  the  jilans  of  the  Ohio 
and  ran  the  boats  in  cuiijuiiction  over  the  same 
route.  As  purser  Mr.  Hatch  was  engaged  on 
the  City  of  Salem  until  May,  1876.  He  then 
acted  as  agent  of  the  company  at  Portland,  oc- 
cupying the  Pacific  whai'f  and  warehouses.  In 
1878  he  pers(mally  leased  the  dock  and  ware- 
houses, conducting  a  general  wharfage  business 


HISTORY    OF    WASBINOTON. 


and  continuing  as  agent  of  tbe  above  company 
nntil  1879,  when  he  sold  his  interests  and  en- 
gaged exchisively  in  the  handling  of  wheat. 
During  the  first  winter  he  furnished  all  or  a 
part  of  the  cargoes  for  thirty-three  ships.  He 
also  built  the  steamboat  A.  A.  McCuUy,  and 
ran  her  upon  the  river  in  connection  with  his 
extensive  wheat  interests.  During  the  great 
flood  of  January,  1880,  he  was  caught  with  over 
7,000  tons  of  wheat  in  his  several  warehouses. 
Much  of  this  supply  was  destroyed'and  Captain 
Hatch  retired  from  the  wheat  business.  He 
then  ran  the  steamer  McCully  very  successfully, 
and  in  1881  built  the  steamship  Yaquina  to 
run  from  Portland  to  the  coast  cities  of  Oregon 
and  Washington  and  the  ports  of  Puget  Sound. 
With  the  depression  of  1881-'82  the  Captain 
laid  off  the  Yaquina  and  in  February,  1882,  he 
returned  to  Monticello,  New  York,  and  on 
March  15  was  married  to  Miss  Adeline  Tre- 
main,  of  that  city.  Returning  to  Portland,  the 
Captain's  life  Mas  filled  with  disaster,  first  by  the 
burning  of  the  Yaqnina,  then  by  the  burning  of 
the  warehouse,  both  resulting  in  heavy  loss. 
The  steamboat  McCully  was  his  safeguard  and 
brought  him  out  of  every  financial  strait.  To 
her  he  once  more  returned,  but  even  she  was 
doomed,  as  in  his  eiforts  to  take  her  over  the 
cascades,  in  the  spring  of  1885,  she  caught  fire 
in  the  locks,  and  was  totally  destroyed.  The 
Captain  then  ran  the  Albina  warehouse  for  J. 
B.  Montgomery  until  the  fall  of  1886,  then,  in 
partnership  with  Frank  E.  Smith  bought  the 
steamboat  Fleetwood,  brought  her  to  Piiget 
Sound  and  operated  between  Olympia  and 
Seattle.  In  1890  the  Columbia  River  and 
Puget  Sound  Navigation  Company  was  organ- 
ized, being  a  consolidation  of  the  interests  of 
the  steamboats  Fleetwood,  Pailey  Gatzert,  Tele- 
phone, City  of  Frankfort  and  the  Flyer.  Captain 
Hatcli.  took  charge  of  the  Bailey  Gatzert  until 
October,  1890,  when  he  sold  his  interest  and  re- 
tired from  the  company.  He  then  began  build- 
ing the  propeller,' Monticello,  whicli  is  126  feet 
long,  eighteen-foot  beam  and  nine  feet  depth 
of  hold.  She  was  launched  on  the  25th  of  April, 
1891,  and  on  November  1st  following  she  be- 
gan regular  trips,  over  the  route  from  Seattle  to 
Port  Townsend  and  Port  Angeles,  carrying  both 
passengers  and  freight.  Through  his  ability, 
courtesy,  and  careful  attention  to  details,  the 
Captain  has  made  many  friends  and  a  host  of 
patrons,  nntil  his  line  has  become  one  of  the 
most  popular  on  the  Sound. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hatch  have  five  children:  Allen 
T.,  Louise  T.,  William,  Ferry  and  Adeline. 
Socially  the  Captain  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A. 
M.,  and  is  a  charter  member  of  Seattle  Harbor 
Lodge,  Pilot  Association. 


T[T(    E.   STUMER,  one  of  the    enterprising 
fpll    young  business  men  of  Seattle,  was  born 
I     41    in  Stockholm,  Sweden,  in  February,  1860, 
■//  the  first  born  in  a  family  of  five  children. 

His  school  privileges  were  embraced  between 
his  fifth  and  tenth  years,  and  he  then  began 
self-support  in  the  capacity  of  errand  boy  at  a 
grocery  store.  In  1873,  with  his  parents,  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  located  at 
Jersey  City,  New  Jersey,  where  his  father  died 
in  1875.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  mother 
and  four  sisters  and  aided  in  their  support  by 
such  work  as  he  was  able  to  perform,  first  as 
errand  boy  in  a  grocery  store  and  later  in  the 
press  department  of  the  Britt  lithographic  es- 
tablishment in  New  York  city,  where  he  learned 
the  duties  of  a  pressman,  and  continued  in  that 
line  of  work  up  to  1880,  when  he  came  to  the 
Territory  of  Washington.  He  first  located  at 
Olympia,  where  he  was  variously  employed  up 
to  1886.  He  then  came  to  Seattle  and  in  the 
spring  of  1887  engaged  in  the  laundry  business 
with  the  Puget  Sound  Laundry.  He  sold  his 
interest  in  July  of  the  same  year  and  upon  Au- 
gust Ist  established  the  Cascade  Laundry,  em- 
ploying five  hands  to  do  the  laundry  work,  and 
personally  driving  his  own  team.  His  business 
increased  so  rapidly  that  from  the  profits  he 
was  soon  able  to  secure  suitable  machinery;  the 
number  of  hands  were  increased  to  twenty  and 
three  wagons  were  used  on  delivery.  His  place 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  summer  of  1888, 
and  thi'ough  a  technicality  he  lost  all  his  in- 
snrance.  He  then  started  anew  by  building  his 
factory  on  Lake  Union,  where  he  continued  the 
business  up  to  March,  1889,  then  organized  the 
Cascade  Steam  Lanndry  Company,  with  a  capi- 
tal stock  of  $20,000,  and  continuing  as  manager 
of  the  enterprise.  After  one  year  Mr.  C.  P. 
Stone  became  associated  with  Mr.  Stumer  and 
in  co-partnership  they  leased  the  plant  from  the 
above  company  and  are  continuing  the  busi- 
ness very  successfully,  Mr.  Stumer  having  sole 
management.  They  now  employ  an  average  of 
forty  hands  and  six  wagons  are  utilized  upon 


HIsrORT    OF     WASniNGTON. 


the  road.  Tlie  factory  is  equipped  with  the 
latest  improved  machinery,  and  licrhted  by  elec- 
tricity from  their  own  dynamo. 

Mr.  Stumer  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1888, 
to  Miss  Carrie  J.  Megaard,  who  died  in  Octo- 
ber, 1892, leaving  no  issue.  Socially  Mr.  Stumer 
affiliates  with  tiie  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  K.  of  P. 

'^-^■^ 

LARS  ANDREW  WOLD  has  been  promi- 
j    nently  identified  with  the  development  of 
1   the   agricultural    resources  of  the  Puget 

Sound  country  since  1867,  when  he  became  a 
citizen  of  the  State  of  AVashington.  He  was 
born  among  the  pine-clad  hills  of  Norway,  De- 
cember 1,  1832,  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Barbara 
D.  Wold.  At  the  age  of  twenty- two  years  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  after  land- 
ing continued  his  journey  to  Chicago.  Pie  re- 
mained in  the  city  but  a  short  time,  and  then 
secured  work  a  little  distance  out,  remaining 
there  a  year.  Thence  he  went  to  Wisconsin, 
and  at  the  end  of  two  years  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  ariiving  in  San  Francisco  in  the  month  of 
August,  1867.  lie  came  on  to  Washington, 
and  after  making  some  observations  purcliased 
his  present  ranch,  in  partnership  with  his  two 
brothers  and  Jacob  Jones.  As  soon  as  he  was 
able  he  bought  the  intiMc^t  of  Mr.  Jones,  and 
afterward  that  of  hi^  brothers,  and  he  also 
located  an  adjoining  tract  of  160  acres,  securing 
the  title  under  the  pre-emption  laws.  Later  he 
sold  forty  acres,  retaining  280  acres. 

Mr.  Wold  l)nilt  the  tirst  scow  used  on  the 
lake.  This  craft  was  rowed  (m  the  lake  and 
pushed  through  the  slough  with  poles,  ten  days 
being  required  to  make  the  trip  to  Seattle  and 
return,  a  distance  of  twenty  miles.  His  is  the 
oldest  hop  ranch  in  King  county,  and  in  the 
early  days  the  product  was  transported  to  mar- 
ket on  the  scow.  After  the  completion  of  the 
narrow-gauge  road.  New  Castle  became  the 
shipping  point,  and  Mr.  Wold  now  has  his  own 
store-house  and  a  side-track  leading  to  it.  In 
the  early  days  of  hop-growing  the  Wold  broth- 
ers had  many  trying  experiences  with  hired 
labor,  and  wearied  beyond  the  ])oint  of  en- 
durance with  Indians,  and  with  whites  as  well, 
they  determined  to  try  the  experiment  of  bring- 
ing in  Chinamen  to  do  their  picking.  Twelve 
or  tifteen  were  secured  as  a  beginning,  and  soon 
after  their  arrival  they  were  attacked   by  the 


men  they  had  displaced,  nearly  all  being  killed! 
Indians  were  much  more  efficient  as  pickers 
than  the  whites,  as  the  latter  usually  went 
home  at  night,  while  the  Indians  camped  on 
the  ground,  and  so  were  always  ready  to  resume 
work  after  an  interruption  by  rain. 

Mr.  Wold  was  united  in  marriage,  April  27, 
1884,  to  Henrietta  Walter,  a  native  of  Den- 
mark, and  to  them  four  children  have  been 
born:  Andrew,  Mary,  Ludwig  and  Sena.  Mr. 
Wold  has  done  the  part  of  a  pioneer  nobly,  and 
it  is  to  such  sturdy  sons  of  the  European  nations 
that  the  United  States  is  indebted  for  much  of 
the  rapid  progress  she  has  made  as  one  of  the 
leading  commercial  and  agricultural  countries 
of  the  world. 


LFRED  J.  CLODE,  superintendent  and 
general   manager  of   Washington's  poor 

^  farm,  was  born  at  a  place  called  Slough, 
near  London,  England,  May  7,  1846,  and 
is  a  nephew  of  Sir  William  Clode,  a  member  of 
her  Britannic  Majesty's  Privy  CounciL  When 
he  was  three  years  old  his  parents  moved  to 
Adalaide,  Australia,  where  Alfred  J.  was  reared 
and  where  he  remained  until  1873.  He  was 
educated  there,  for  some  time  worked  on  a 
farm,  and  was  afterward  part  owner  and  editor 
of  a  newspaper.  In  1873  he  went  to  Nagasaka, 
South  Japan,  where  he  engaged  in  newspaper 
business.  Two  years  later  he  moved  to  Yoko- 
hama, where  he  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Japan 
Gazette,  a  large  and  influential  paper,  for  seven 
years,  also  serving  as  Gowernment  reporter 
during  that  time,  making  reports  as  to  the 
nature  of  crop?:,  etc.  His  health  becoming  poor, 
he  was  forced  on  that  account  to  give  up  his 
position  there,  and  in  February,  1883,  he  landed 
in  San  Francisco.  There  he  at  once  secured  a 
position  on  the  San  Francii?co  liulletin.  Sub- 
sequently retiring  from  journalistic  work,  he 
bought  a  farm  at  Santa  Clara,  California,  and 
engaged  in  the  production  of  cereals. 

In  1885  Mr.  Clode  came  to  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  and  took  a  claim  to  160  acres  of 
land  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Tapps,  six  miles 
from  Sumner.  In  order  to  get  to  this  claim  he 
had  to  cut  away  the  timber  and  build  a  road  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  six  miles.  He  now 
has  sixteen  acres  of  this  land  in  fruit  and  vege- 
tables, and  forty  acres  of  good  pasture.     The 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


?)lace  is  well  improved  with  good  buildings  and 
ences,  and  is  a  comfortable  and  desirable  home. 
He  resided  here  until  February,  1893,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  his  present  position  at  the 
poor  farm.  This  farm  comprises  seventy-eight 
acres  of  land,  fifty  acres  of  which  are  under 
cultivation,  and  all  the  products  necessary  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  inmates  are  raised  here. 
The  buildings  are  valued  at  about  $6,000.  At 
present  there  are  about  thirty  inmates,  men, 
women  and  children,  in  the  institution,  and 
under  the  able  management  of  Mr.  Clode  they 
are  well  taken  care  of,  and  the  farm  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition.  Mi-.  Clode  was  recently 
appointed  a  jneniber  of  the  Advisory  Council 
of  the  Congress  Auxiliary  of  the  World's  Con- 
gress of  Agriculture. 

He  was  married  in  Australia  in  1871,  to 
Marian  P.  Martyn,  who  was  born  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  her  parents  bein^  English.  They 
have  one  child,  a  daughter. 

Mr.  Clode's  father  was  born  in  England  in 
1814,  where  he  obtained  a  classical  education. 
His  niother  was  born  at  the  same  place,  in 
1812,  and  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years, 
honored  and  respected  by  all. 


D\R.  G.  WILLIS    PRICE,    dental   practi- 
)   tioner  in  the  city  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
Pittsburg,    Carroll    county,    Indiana,  in 

December,  1849,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Eliza  J.  (Smith)  Price.  Losing  his  father  in 
early  childhood,  he  crossed  the  plains  in  1853 
witli  his  mother  and  her  parents,  all  locating  in 
Albany,  Oregon,  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  the 
Willamette.  At  this  place  Dr.  Price  spent  his 
boyhood  days,  and  it  may  be  interesting  to 
relate  that  it  is  still  the  home  of  his  mother, 
who  is  twice  a  widow,  and  of  his  grandfather, 
who  at  the  rige  old  age  of  ninety-three  is  in  the 
enjoyment  of  excellent  health.  The  married 
life  of  the  grandparents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
Smith,  covered  a  period  of  sixty-iive  years.  The 
grandmother  having  died  in  the  year  1890,  aged 
eighty-nine  years. 

In  the  trip  across  the  plains  only  the  ordin- 
ary difficulties  were  encountered,  neither  sick- 
ness nor  seriousaccident  having  occurred  during 
the  entire  eight  months  occupied  in  making 
the  journey.  The  ti-aln,  which  was  quite  a  long 
one,  was  composed  of  wagons  drawn  by  horse 


or  ox-teams,  there  being  an  ample  supply  of 
provisions  besides  guns  and  ammunition.  The 
year  previous  having  recorded  very  serious 
Indian  troubles,  every  care  was  taken  to  guard 
against  possible  disaster,  and  while  no  collision 
occurred  the  redmen  of  the  plains,  like  vultures, 
vvere  hovering  near,  as  was  jiroved  by  the  rapid- 
ity with  which  they  swooped  down  on  an  aban- 
doned wagon — even  before  the  train  was  out  of 
sight — and  tore  the  spokes  out  of  the  wheels 
that  they  might  convert  them  into  war-clubs. 

In  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  in  eastern  Ore- 
gon, Indians  in  large  numbers  were  first  met. 
They  were  the  Nez  Perces, — the  typical  Indians 
of  the  story  books, — many  of  them  magnificent 
specimens  of  noble  manhood,  well  dressed  in 
fringed  and  beaded  buckskins,  and  wealthy  in 
herds  of  horses  and  cattle.  They  were  intelligent, 
and  friendly  to  the  whites,  as,  for  the  most  part, 
they  always  have  been. 

JSTot  being  troubled  with  the  responsibilities 
of  so  serious  an  undertaking  as  a  trip  across  the 
plains  in  the  early  days,  "  little  George,"  as  he 
was  familiarly  called  by  the  train-men,  saw 
much  every  day  to  make  life  worth  living.  In 
company  with  his  grandmother,  who  drove  the 
team  of  horses,  he  occupied  a  family  carriage — 
one  of  the  first  ever  brought  into  Oregon — it 
being  loaded  with  feather-beds,  etc.,  and  being 
a  most  comfortable  vehicle  to  occupy  either  by 
day  or  by  night.  These  pioneer  experiences, 
while  not  startling  in  their  character,  are  never- 
theless vivid  in  tlie  memory  because  of  their 
novelty. 

At  that  time  the  Willamette  valley  swarmed 
with  Indians,  villages  containing  hundreds  or 
thousands  of  them  being  often  seen,  and  while 
quite  friendly  with  the  whites  they 'were  more 
degraded  and  shiftless  than  those  previously 
met.  Mock  war  dances  were  often  held,  and 
the  entire  white  population  were  cordially  in- 
vited to  witness  the  performance.  The  weird 
music  still  rings  in  the  ears  of  our  subject.  lie 
has  not  forgotten  the  old  gray-headed  chief,  who, 
having  taken  a  quite  a  fancy  to  him,  kept  him 
supplied  with  bows  and  arrows;  nor  the  young 
"bucks"  as  they  engaged  in  the  Indian  game  of 
"shinie,"  which  in  some  respects  resembles  the 
game  of  "LaCrosse,"  being  played  with  a  ball 
and  bent  clubs. 

G.  Willis  Price  received  his  literary  education 
at  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  R. 
Cardwell,  of  Portland,  as  a  student  of  dentistry. 


niSTROT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


After  eighteen  months  of  hard  study  and  prac- 
tice, his  health  having  failed,  he  was  advised  to 
seek  a  change  of  climate.  Acting  on  this  sug- 
gestion, he  procured  a  full  set  of  dental  instru- 
ments, and  started  for  the  rough  mining  dis- 
tricts of  Oregon  and  Idaho.  Here  he  remained 
for  more  than  four  years,  practicing  his  profes- 
sion as  opportunity  offei-ed,  and  engaging  in 
mining  ventures  as  well.  By  so  doing  he  suc- 
ceeded in  the  usual  way  of  putting  a  good  deal 
of  money  into  the  ground,  in  fact  all  that  he 
made  in  his  practice;  but  having  fully  recover- 
ed his  health,  which  to  him  was  worth  more 
than  gold,  besides  having  gained  much  in  the  way 
of  practical  experience,  his  ambitious  desire  to 
qualify  himself  for  a  higher  place  in  his  profes- 
sion led  iiim  to  return  to  the  realms  of  civiliza- 
tion. 

After  a  short  sojourn  in  Oregon  and  Cali- 
fornia Dr.  Price  went  to  New  York  city,  where 
he  could  obtain  superior  advantages  in  study 
and  practice.  Having  opened  an  office  soon 
after  his  arrival,  he  was  enabled  to  successfully 
conduct  his  practice  and  also  attend  two  full 
courses  of  lectures  at  the  New  York  College  of 
Dentistry,  at  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
the  spring  of  1880. 

Having  established  a  good  practice  he  was 
loth  to  give  it  up,  but  found  it  necessary  to 
return  west  for  a  time;  so,  leaving  his  office  in 
charge  of  an  assistant,  he  came  again  to  this 
coast,  expecting  to  resume  charge  of  his  Eastern 
practice  after  a  few  months'  sojourn  in  Oregon. 
Being  induced,  however,  to  visit  Seattle,  he  was 
so  favorably  impressed  with  the  beauties  of 
scenery,  mildness  of  climate  and  the  opportun- 
ity for  the  establishment  of  a  lucrative  practice, 
that  he  decided  to  make  this  city  his  future 
home.  His  wife,  to  whom  he  was  married  in 
Boise  city,  Idaho,  in  1875,  accompanied  him 
and  he  began  practice  here  in  the  fall  of  1882, 
taking  a  leading  place  among  the  members  of 
the  dental  profession  of  this  city,  which  place 
he  continues  to  hold,  commanding  the  respect 
of  both  practitioners  and   patrons  alike. 

Dr.  Price  is  a  very  busy  man,  having  to  em- 
ploy two  or  three  assistants  at  times,  but  he 
still  finds  time  to  devote  to  the  advancement  of 
the  profession,  being  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Washington  State  Dental  Society,  and  for 
the  past  three  or  four  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Dental  Examination  Board,  either  in  the 
capacity  of  secretary  or  president,  to  which 
State  office  he  was  appointed  I>y  the  Governor. 


He  did  much  to  aid  in  the  preparation  and  pas- 
sage of  the  new  State  dental  law,  which  was 
enacted  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  legislature. 
This  law  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  in 
existence  at  the  present  time  touching  required 
qualilications  for  the  practice  of  dentistry. 

At  the  time  of  the  Chinese  riot  some  years 
ago,  Dr.  Price  was  a  sworn  deputy,  under  Sheriff 
— now  Governor — McGraw,  and  in  company 
with  other  well-known  business  and  profession- 
al men,  did  good  service  in  quelling  the  dis- 
turbance, after  which,  on  the  organization  of  the 
National  Guard,  he  enlisted  regularly,  continu- 
ing an  active  member  of  Company  E,  First 
Regiment,  until  quite  recently. 

Dr.  Price  is  a  great  lover  of  music,  birds  and 
flowers,  and,  while  wide  awake  in  matters  of 
public  interest,  still  finds  relaxation  and  enjoy- 
ment in  his  home  life.  He  has  always  taken  a 
great  deal  of  interest  in  the  work  of  the  church 
and  the  Sabbath-school,  having  been  for  many 
years  a  member  and  a  teacher.  As  an  Elder 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  this  city, 
he  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  from  Wash- 
ington to  the  Centennial  General  Assembly 
held  in  Philadelphia  in  1888. 


§- 


^■^^ 


D\U.  DAVID  J.  TURNER,  a  prominent 
j  physician  and  the  present  Mayor  of 
— -  Cheney,  Washington,  is  a  natix'e  uf  Ogle 
county,  Illinois,  and  dates  his  birth  in  the  year 
18.53.  tlis  parents,  James  and  Rebecca 
((4eorge)  Turner,  were  both  born  in  England. 
Ilis  father  came  to  America  when  seventeen 
years  of  age,  settled  in  Illinois,  and  in  the  early 
days  hauled  his  produce  to  Chicago,  the  nearest 
market.  The  Doctor's  mother  was  about  ten 
years  old  when  she  came  with  her  mother  to 
this  country.  She  and  Mr.  Turner  were  married 
in  Ogle  county,  Illinois,  in  1845,  and  enjoyed 
a  long  and  happy  married  life,  his  death  occur- 
ring in  1882;  and  hers  in  1886.  Both  were 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
They  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  the  subject 
of  oui-  sketcli  being  the  fourth  born,  and  all  are 
still  living  except  the  youngest,  who  died  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  years.  The  Doctor's  early 
life  was  similar  to  that  of  most  farmer  boys. 
He  received  his  education  at  Mt.  Morris,  Illi- 
nois, wliere  he  graduated  in  1872,  after  which 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine    at  Ghana,  Uli, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


nois,  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  M.  C.  Roe, 
with  whom  he  remained  two  years.  He  then 
entered  Bennett  Medical  College,  Chicago,  and 
graduated  in  March,  1879.  He  began  practice 
at  Mission  Creek,  Pawnee  county,  Nebraska,  in 
September  of  that  year,  and  continued  there  two 
years.  The  following  two  years  he  practiced  at 
Steele  City,  Jefferson  county,  from  there  went  to 
Liberty,  Gage  county,  and  in  1888  came  to  the 
far  West,  locating  in  Cheney,  Washington,  in 
June.  Here  lie  bought  property  and  made  per- 
manent settlement,  and  has  since  had  the  mis 
fortune  to  be  burned  out  twice.  The  Doctor 
has  the  interests  of  this  little  city  at  heart,  and 
is  doing  all  in  his  power,  both  professionally 
and  otherwise,  to  promote  its  welfare.  He  was 
elected  to  his  present  position,  that  of  Mayor 
of  Cheney,  June  6,  18'J2. 

He  was  married  in  April,  1880,  to  Miss  Anna 
Redmond,  a  native  of  Illinois.  They  have  two 
sons,  Harry  B.  and  Roe.  Mrs.  Turner  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

The  Doctor  is  identified  w-ith  the  following 
organizations:  The  State  Medical  Association, 
the  United  States  Eclectic  Association,  and  the 
State  Pharmaceutical  Association.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  Temple  Lodge,  'No.  42,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M. 


J|OHN  T.  REDMAN,  of  the  wholesale  gro- 
h  J  eery  firm  of  Reese,  Crandall  &  Redman, 
'S^  has  been  and  is  still  one  of  the  most  active 
factors  in  the  building  up  of  Tacoma.  A  brief 
personal  reference  to  him  and  his  son  is  essen- 
tial to  the  completeness  of  this  volume. 

John  T.  Redman  was  born  in  Linn  county, 
Oregon,  January  3,  1856,  son  of  Benjamin  W. 
and  Amanda  E.  (Craven)  Redman.  He  began 
his  education  at  his  native  place,  and  in  1875 
completed  the  course  of  the  public  shools  of 
Linn  county.  In  1877  he  entered  Whitman 
College,  Walla  Walla,  where  he  pursued  his 
studies  for  one  year.  In  1878  Mr.  Redman 
M-as  employed  as  bookkeeper  for  Saling  &  Reese, 
of  Weston,  Oregon,  and  in  1883  was  promoted 
to  head  salesman  and  manager  for  that  firm. 
Next,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Reese  &  Red- 
man, he  embarked  in  the  general  merchandise 
business  at  Adams,  which  town  was  then  taking- 
its  start.  This  lirm  carried  on  a  vast  trade. 
They  also  handled  grain,  from  750,000  to  1,000,- 
000  bushels  of  wheat  per    annum,  and  in  1886 


disposed  of  450,000  wheat  bags  as  one  item  of 
their  business,  the  greatest  record  ever  made  by 
a  iirm  in  the  interior.  In  1888  the  business 
there  was  disposed  of,  and  the  extensive  house 
of  Reese,  Redman  &  Company  was  started  in 
Tacoma,  and,  in  1889,  the  firm  name  was 
changed  to  Reese,  Crandall  &  Redman,  the 
present  title. 

Mr.  Redman  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  Commercial  Club  in  1891,  being  one  of  its 
seventy-five  charter  members.  Upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  club,  he  was  electetl  its  president, 
and  at  once  took  the  lead  in  making  the  organi- 
zation what  it  has  since  become,  the  most  active 
agent  in  looking  after  the  interests  of  Tacoma. 
Of  his  work  in  connection  with  the  Commercial 
Club  too  much  cannot  be  said,  as  his  activity 
and  earnestness  were  potent  factors  in  the  work 
which  brought  to  the  support  of  this  body 
every  man  who  cared  to  assist  in  the  city's  ad- 
vancement, and  which  commanded  in  its  behalf 
the  admiration  of  visitors  and  citizens  of  other 
municipalities.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  club  in  1892,  and  during  his  in- 
cumbency in  the  executive  office  the  member- 
ship increased  to  about  700,  including  all  the 
representative  business  and  professional  men  of 
the  city.  Tacoma  indeed  owes  much  to  Mr. 
Redman.  He  has  also  freely  givsn  his  service 
to  the  cause  of  the  Republican  party,  and  is 
prominent  in  its  councils. 

Mr.  Redman  was  married  at  Weston,  Oregon, 
to  Miss  Fannie  M.,  eldest  daughter  of  I.  T. 
Reese.  They  have  two  children,  Grace  and 
Herbert. 


EORGE  R.  WILSON,  who  is  located  on 
■  ranch  a  mile  east  of  Bothell,  King  county, 
AVashington,  is  one  of  the  representative 
^  men  of  his  vicinity,  and  is  entitled  to 
some  personal  mention  in  this  work.  He  was 
born  January  9,  1841,  in  Trowbridge,  Wiltshire 
county,  England,  son  of  James  and  Lucy 
(Ridley)  Wilson.  He  shipped  as  a  seaman  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  and  for  several  years  was  on 
the  deep,  being  on  board  a  man  of  war  for  three 
years  and  nine  months,  and  for  two  years  and 
five  months  on  merchant  vessels.  Among  the 
ports  at  which  he  landed  we  mention  the  follow- 
ing: Portsmouth,  Portland,  Weymouth,  Plym- 
outh, Rio  Janeiro,  Montevideo,  Buenos  Ayres, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTOJ^. 


639 


Falkland  islands,  Valparaiso,  Callao,  Panama 
and  Victoria.  July  7,  1863,  he  left  the  mer- 
chant vessel  Orion  at  Seabeck,  Washington, 
and  has  since  been  a  resident  of  this  State.  He 
spent  a  few  days  in  Port  Madison,  two  months 
at  Port  Blakely,  and  the  foUowdng  winter  worked 
in  a  sawmill  at  Seattle.  Then  for  a  year  or  two 
he  was  engaged  iu  various  occupations,  and 
finally  he  decided  to  learn  the  trade  of  brick 
mason,  which  lie  did  under  the  instructions  of 
J.  T.  Jordan.  He  continued  working  at  this 
trade  for  six  years  or  more,  whenever  there  was 
any  work  to  be  had.  In  1870  he  took  claim  to 
a  tract  of  land  half  a  mile  east  of  Bothell,  to 
which  he  secured  title  under  the  pre-emption 
law.  He  bought  out  E.  Guthrie's  claim  of  160 
acres,  after  Guthrie  had  received  patent  for  his 
land.  He  also  took  a  timber  claim  of  forty 
acres.  Although  he  located  his  present  place 
in  1870  and  made  some  improvements  thereon, 
he  did  not  permanently  settle  here  until  May, 
1873. 

Mr.  "Wilson  was  never  married. 


/f^^'EORGE  P..  THOMPSOJS',  M.  I).,  of 
I  If  Kent,  King  county,  Washington,  was 
\-4i    born  in  Upper  Canada,  July    12,  1856, 

■^  his  parents  being  George  and  Catherine 
(Metcalf)  Thompson,  both  natives  of  Ireland. 
He  was  reared  to  farm  life,  and  received  a  high- 
school  education.  In  1875  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine,  and  completed  his  preparation  for 
practice  at  the  University  of  Toronto,  where  he 
received  his  degree  in  medicine. 

In  1880  Dr.  Thompson  located  in  Sumner, 
Iowa,  where  he  practiced  two  years,  and  from 
whence  he  removed  to  IN'orth  Dakota.  He  con- 
ducted a  successful  practice  for  four  years  in 
North  Dakota,  after  which  he  practiced  four 
years  in  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin.  He  then  came 
to  Washington  and  took  up  his  abode  in  Kent, 
where  he  immediately  took  rank  with  the  lead- 
ing practitioners  of  that  portion  of  King  county. 

Dr.  Thompson  has  for  a  number  of  years  been 
actively  identitied  with  the  political  affairs  of 
the  various  towns  iu  which  he  has  been  located, 
being  a  Democrat  in  his  proclivities.  In  1882, 
in  Dakota,  he  was  the  candidate  of  his  party 
for  County  Coroner,  and  in  1883  he  was  elected 
County  Commissioner.  While  at  La  Crosse,  lie 
organized  the  J'efferson  Club,  of  which  he  served 


as  President.  He  is  a  member  of  Verity  Lodge, 
JNo.  59,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  has  passed  the  Mas- 
ter's chair.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F. 

Dr.  Thompson  was  married  in  1882,  to  Miss 
Pearl  E.  Tower,  a  native  of  AVisconsin.  They 
have  two  children.  Pearl  E.  and  Mona  May. 


•■•^^^ 


LEVI    HARVEY  PEEKS    is     known 
j   throughout  Klickitat  county  as  a  progress- 
1   ive  agriculturist   and   a   man   of   sterlino- 

worth.  He  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  near 
Lynn,  Randolph  county,  March  27,  1853.  His 
parents,  William  Ellis  and  Christiana  (Clenny) 
Peeks,  were  born  in  the  Buckeye  State,  in 
Greene  and  Preble  counties  respectively.  They 
were  married  in  Randolph  county,  Indiana,  and 
removed  thence  to  Nodaway  county,  Missouri, 
and  settled  thirteen  miles  east  of  Marysville, 
the  county  seat.  Six  months  later  they  went  to 
Mills  county,  Iowa.  In  1874  they  removed  to 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  and  afterward 
came  to  this  State.  The  father  horaesteaded 
160  acres  in  Pleasant  valley,  Klickitat  county, 
twelve  and  a  half  miles  from  Goldendale.  Here 
both  father  and  mother  passed  the  remainder  of 
their  days.  The  mother  was  the  first  to  yield 
up  a  life  that  had  been  spent  in  useful  activity, 
her  death  occurring  August  18,  1880.  On  June 
23,  1888,  the  father  was  called  to  his  long  rest. 
Their  sou,  Levi  Plarvey  Beeks,  spent  his  boy- 
hood days  in  Indiana  and  Missouri,  being  reared 
to  the  occupation  of  a  farmer.  At  the  adminis- 
trator's sale  of  his  father's  estate,  in  October, 
1889,  he  purchased  the  old  homestead  on  which 
he  now  resides.  He  conducts  a  general  farming 
business,  and  annually  sows  a  large  acreage  to 
grain.  He  also  owns  a  quarter  section  of  rail- 
road land,  which  he  acquired  by  purchase  in  the 
fall  of  1889.  He  has  adopted  the  system  of 
summer-fallowing,  which  is  found  to  be  ex- 
ceedingly profitable,  and  neglects  no  opportu- 
nity to  enhance  the  value  of  his  land.  He  has 
given  especial  attention  to  the  growing  of  fruit, 
and  has  a  thrifty  young  orchard  of  prunes  and 
pears,  this  sort  of  product  fiourishing  best  in 
this  climate.  Mr.  Beeks  has  done  much  to  ele- 
vate the  standard  and  improve  the  breed  of 
horses  in  this  section,  and  has  raised  some  fine 
specimens  on  his  own  place. 


ni STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Politically  he  supports  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party;  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Pleasant  Valley  Grange,  of  which  he  is  Over- 
seer, and  is  Doorkeeper  of  Pleasant  Alliance,  No. 
315.  Upright  and  honorable  in  all  his  dealings, 
he  has  won  an  enviable  position  in  the  com- 
munity. 


OSES  WARD,  of  Lake  Yiew,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Fountain  county,  In- 
,  diana,  February  18,  1829,  son  of  John 
and  Tamer  (Masterson)  Ward,  both  na- 
tives of  Kentucky. 

John  Ward  moved  in  1826,  from  Kentucky 
to  Indiana,  where  he  remained,  engaged  in 
farming,  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1853. 
Moses  remained  on  his  father's  farm  until  1851, 
when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  City, 
Oregon,  then  only  a  sujall  village.  Soon  after- 
ward he  went  to  Milwaukee,  Oregon,  and  thence, 
within  the  same  year  to  Portland,  where  he  re- 
mained during  the  winter,  getting  out  shingle 
bolts.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he  went  to  the 
Rogue  river  mines,  where  he  stayed  until  he 
nearly  starved  and  then  returned  to  Portland. 
There  he  was  employed  in  getting  out  vessel 
timbers. 

Mr.  Ward  dates  his  arrival  in  Steilacoom, 
Washington,  in  April,  1854.  There  he  was  em- 
ployed in  a  sawmill  owned  by  Dr.  Weber,  L.  F. 
Thompson  and  Lafayette  Balcb.  After  that  lie 
took  a  claim  on  Wallace's  island,  now  known  as 
Anderson  island.  In  1855,  vacating  the  claim, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Washington  Volun- 
teers, under  Captain  W.  H.  Wallace  and  Lieu- 
tenant Moore,  and  was  in  active  service  three 
months,  after  which  he  was  in  the  Quarter- 
master's employ  at  §?90  per  month.  He  remained 
in  the  Quartermaster's  employ  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  After  the  war  he  made  three  trips 
to  the  mines  of  British  Columbia.  On  his  first 
trip,  in  1858,  he  visited  the  mines  of  Forts 
Langly,  Hope  and  Yale,  and  on  his  last  trip,  in 
1863,  he  was  at  the  Cariboo  mines. 

Retiring  from  the  mines,  Mr.  Ward  turned 
his  attention  to  the  dairj^  business,  in  partner- 
ship with  L.  J.  Keach,  but  their  enterprise 
proved  a  failure  and  the  partnership  was  dis- 
solved. He  then  took  claim  to  a  tract  of  land 
where  Lake  View  is  now  located,  and  there  he 
lived  for  twenty-five  years.  A  part  of  that 
time  he  served  as  Postmaster  of  the  town.     lie 


subsequently  sold  the  farm  and  bought  another 
one  a  few  miles  from  Lake  Yiew,  upon  which 
he  is  now  residing. 

Mr.  Ward  was  married  May  29,  1889,  to 
Hannah  S.  Squire,  daughter  of  William  and 
Martha  (Bastard)  Squire.  She  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  came  to  this  country  with  her  par- 
ents, arriving  at  Portland,  Oregon,  May  23, 
1882.  Soon  afterward  they  came  to  Pierce 
county,  Washington,  where  she  took  a  claim, 
improved  the  same  in  accordance  with  law,  and 
proved  up  on  it.  She  has  since  sold  this  claim 
for  §20,000. 


< 


^^^^ 


JOEL  MYERS,  deceased,  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  Washington,  and  for  many  a  resi- 
dent of  Steilacoom  city,  was  born  in  what 
is  now  West  Virginia,  October  1,  1819.  Jacob 
and  Mary  (Trump)  Myers,  his  parents,  were  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania,  and  were  honest  tillers  of 
the  soil.  They  moved  with  their  family  to  the 
western  part  of  Virginia  at  an  early  day,  bought 
a  farm,  and  there  spent  the  residue  of  their 
lives. 

Joel  Myers,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  imbued 
with  the  spirit  of  emigration,  came  west  as  far 
as  Iowa  and  settled  near  Iowa  city.  He  was 
also  for  a  time  at  Bloomington  (now  known  as 
Muscatine).  He  was  engaged  in  farming  at 
both  those  places  and  also  in  Van  Buren  and 
Wapello  counties.  Hearing  rumors  of  the 
great  wealth  to  be  found  in  tire  West,- he  started 
April  9,  1850,  for  the  Pacific  coast  in  search  of 
gold.  Cholera  broke  out  in  the  train  with 
which  he  traveled  and  but  few  escaped  the  dread 
disease,  he  being  among  the  fortunate  ones.  He 
arrived  in  Oregon  City,  October  10,  1850,  and 
there  spent  the  winter.  The  following  spring 
he  went  to  Shasta  county,  California,  and  com- 
menced prospecting  for  gold.  He  continued 
mining  until  1852,  at  which  time  he  returned 
to  Oregon  City  and  went  to  work  on  a  farm. 
The  fall  of  that  year  found  him  in  Olympia, 
Washington  Territory,  whence,  a  short  time 
afterward,  he  came  to  Steilacoom,  and  in  1853 
took  a  donation  claim  of  640  acres  (now  owned 
by  Dan  Mounts)  near  Nisqiially  ferry,  known 
during  war  times  as  Fort  Ragland.  He  sub- 
sequently sold  that  farm  and  bought  of  William 
X.  Savage  320  acres,  which  is  still  a  portion  of 
his  estate. 


nr STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Myers  was  married  February  1,  1872,  to 
Mrs.  Mary  Lowell,  a  pioneer  of  Washington,  who 
was  born  in  Barren  county,  Kentucky,  Decem- 
ber 2,  1824.  Her  parents,  D.  P.  Morris,  a 
paper  manufacturer  of  Delaware,  and  Elizabeth 
Hamilton,  of  Bethel,  Virginia,  were  married  in 
Kentucky.  They  emigrated  to  Huntsville, 
Schuyler  connty,  Illinois,  in  18B7,  their  daugh- 
ter Mary  being  at  tliat  time  fourteen  years  of 
age.  January  7,  1841,  slie  married  A.  C. 
Lowell,  a  butcher  of  Qiiincy.  Mr.  Lowell 
crossed  the  plains  in  1852  and  Mrs.  Lowell 
came  in  1857  via  New  York  and  by  water  to 
Aspinwall,  thence  to  Panama  by  train  and  from 
there  to  San  Francisco  by  water,  arriving  at 
that  city  Jwne  15,  1857.  From  there  they 
came  by  l)oat  up  the  Columbia  river  to  Oregon, 
and  thence  to  Steilacoom  on  horseback.  A.  C. 
Lowell  died  here  in  1866,  leaving  a  widow  and 
three  sons,  one  of  the  sons,  Oscar,  dying  at  the 
age  of  twenty-eight  years.  The  other  two  are 
residents  of  Pierce  county.  In  1872,  as  above 
stated,  Mrs.  Lowell  becan)e  the  wife  of  Joel 
Myei-s  and  since  her  marriage  has  resided  in 
Steilacoom  city.  Joel  Myers  died  August  16, 
1893,  his  life  having  been  one  filled  with  kindly 
deeds  and  noble  ambition. 


l  LBERT  FRAXK  IIOSKA,  of  Tacoina, 
l\  manufacturer  of  saddles  and  harness,  is 
|\  one  of  the  representative  men  in  his 
line  of  business  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington. A  few  items  in  regard  to  liis  life  and 
business  cnreer  are  therefore  of  interest  in  this 
volume,  devoted  to  the  history  of  the  State  and 
its  interests. 

Albert  F.  Hoska  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Chicago,  February  28,  1851,  his  parents  being 
Lucas  and  Catherine  Iloska.  When  he  was  but 
nine  years  of  age  he  was  left  an  orphan,  by  the 
death  of  both  of  his  parents,  and  he  was  placed 
in  the  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  at  Rose  Hill. 
After  a  year  and  a  half  at  that  institution,  he 
was  apprenticed  to  the  harness-maker's  trade  at 
Oconto,  Wisconsin,  and  spent  four  years  at  that 
place,  acquiring  his  Hrst  knowledge  of  the  busi- 
ness, which  he  has  followed  through  life.  He 
theu  went  back  to  Chicago  and  perfected  him- 
self at  his  trade  in  the  large  establishment  of 
C.  A.  Kerfoot.  After  that  he  engaged  himself 
to    a   harness- manufacturing    Brm    in    Denver, 


Colorado,  and,  going  to  that  city,  remained  two 
years,  after  which  he  again  returned  to  Chicago 
and  entered  the  employ  of  Mr.  Kerfoot.  There 
he  remained  until  1876,  when  he  went  to  Mari- 
etta, Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  business  on  his 
own  account.  He  remained  there  until  1883, 
when,  attracted  by  the  opportunities  afforded 
by  the  development  of  the  Puget  Sound  region 
in  Washington,  became  to  Tacoma,  with  which 
city  he  has  been  identified  since,  practically,  its 
pioneer  days.  He  bought  a  small  shop,  which 
occupied  the  site  of  the  Fife  hotel,  and  from 
his  small  beginning  sjirang  up  a  trade  which 
assumed  immense  proportions.  His  establish- 
ment on  Pacific  avenue  is  a  model  of  neatness 
of  arrangement. 

Mr.  Hoska  was  married  in  Marietta,  Wiscon- 
sin, to  Miss  Mary  McClue,  a  native  of  Canada 
and  a  daughter  of  John  McClue. 

He  is  |ir(iiiiiiient  in  the  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  lclln\\>,  having  taken  all  the  degrees, 
and  was  (Ji-aiid  High  Priest  of  the  Orand  En- 
campment in  1892.  He  is  now  Lieutenant  of 
the  Canton,  Patriarchs  Militant.  He  is  well- 
known  throughout  the  State  in  the  capacity  of 
Guide  in  the  order,  having  administered  more 
degrees  in  the  State  of  Washington  than  any 
other  man.  He  affiliates  locally  with  Rainier 
Lodge,  of  which  be  is  Past  Gi'and.  He  is  also 
Past  Grand  of  Eui'eka  [Rebekali  degree)  Lodge, 
No.  1.  He  is  Past  Chancellor  of  Commence- 
ment Lodge,  No.  7,  K.  of  P.,  and  is  Repre- 
sentative for  1893  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the 
order;  is  also  a  member  of  Division  No.  4, 
Uniform  Rank.  He  is  Sachem  of  Susqualamie 
Lodge,  No.  5.  I.  O.  of  R.  M.,  and  Chieftain  of 
Tacoma    Lcui^iie,  No.  2. 

Politicallv,  Mr.  Iloska  is  a  stanch  Republican, 
and  has  frequently  represented  his  party  in  its 
county  and  State  conventions. 


|\\  T[  ICHOLAS  ENNIS,  one  of  the  prominent 
I  \|     and  progressive  agriculturists  of  Clarke 
J     ll    county,  has  been   identified   with  the  de- 
■^  velopment    of  the    natural    resources   of 

the  section  since  1879,  when  he  took  up  a  resi- 
dence in  the  favored  commonwealth.  Occupy- 
ing the  position  he  does,  it  is  fitting  that  a  brief 
outline  of  his  life  be  here  inserted.  A  native 
of  Nova  Scotia,  he  was  born  December  30,  1835, 
a  son   of  Nicholas    and    Mary   (Cullen)    Ennis. 


lIltiTOJit    OF    WASHiNOTOiT. 


Tlie  father  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  the  mother 
in  Nova  Scotia;  the  former  died  in  18-16,  but 
the  mother  survived  until  1868.  They  had  a 
family  of  ten  cliildren,  JNicholas,  Jr.,  being  the 
sixth-born.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
land  of  his  nativity,  and  in  early  life  learned 
the  wheelwright's  trade.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1860,  and  for  four  years  lived 
in  JS'ew  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts,  then  re- 
turning to  the  scenes  of  his  childhood,  where 
he  remained  until  1869.  The  spirit  of  enter- 
prise, perhaps  not  unmixed  with  that  of  adven- 
ture, was  still  strong  within  him,  and  he  deter- 
mined to  see  what  the  land  of  the  Pacific  slope 
was  like.  He  made  the  trip  by  way  of  Panama 
on  the  steamers  Alaska  and  Montana.  Arriving 
in  San  Francisco  he  took  up  his  residence  there, 
and  for  ten  years  made  it  his  home.  In  1879, 
as  before  stated,  he  came  to  Clarke  county, 
Washington. 

Mr.  Ennis  has  a  farm  of  160  acres  four  miles 
east  of  La  Center.  Thirty  acres  are  under  good 
cultivation,  and  nine  are  set  to  a  young  orchard, 
in  which  the  prune  predominates.  He  has  taken 
an  active  interest  in  the  agricultural  and  other 
resources  of  this  country,  and  having  been  im- 
bued with  the  spirit  of  progress  has  never  abated 
it,  and  has  won  the  highest  respect  of  the  entire 
community.  He  was  naturalized  in  San  Fran- 
cisco in  1872,  and  since  becoming  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States  has  been  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  School  Board  for  eleven 
years,  and  during  that  time  has  done  much  to 
promote  the  effective  work  of  the  system  of 
public  schools. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  October  9, 
1870,  to  Miss  Catherine  Cuningham,  a  daughter 
of  the  Emerald  Isle.  Six  children  were  born 
to  them,  two  daughters  having  died  in  infancy. 
The  surviving  children  are,  Joseph  T.,  Mary, 
Catherine  and  Sarah  A. 


IIaMES  H.  ALEXANDER,  a  worthy  rep- 
)^l  resentative  of  husbandry  in  Clarke  county, 
^!^  Washington,  is  entitled  to  consideration 
in  this  volume.  He  is  a  native  of  the  P>hie- 
grass  State,  born  in  Bourbon  county,  March  19, 
1822.  His  parents,  John  S.  and  Mary  (Simp- 
son) Alexander,  were  also  Kentuckians  by  birth 
and  were  descended  from  some  of  the  earliest 


and  most  influential  settlers  of  the  State.  They 
had  a  family  of  ten  children,  James  H.  being 
the  second-born.  When  he  was  six  years ^old 
he  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Sangamon  county, 
Illinois,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  Be 
lieving  that  the  future  of  the  West  promised 
much,  he  removed  to  Kansas  as  early  as  1855, 
and  after  I'esiding  there  four  years  he  crossed 
the  plains  to  the  coast,  taking  the  old  emigrant 
trail  to  Oregon.  The  long  and  tedious  journey 
was  undertaken  the  first  day  of  May  and  was 
not  completed  until  the  ninth  of  the  following 
Septeniber,  when  he  reached  Vancouver. 

Mr.  Alexander  now  resides  on  a  farm  eight 
miles  east  of  Vancouver,  the  tract  he  owns  em- 
bracing 218  acres.  He  has  forty  acres  in  an 
advanced  state  of  cultivation,  and  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  the  agricultural  developments  of  the 
country.  He  is  a  member  of  Flat  Wood  Grange, 
No.  96,  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

Politically  he  has  always  been  allied  with  the 
progressive  wing  of  the  Democratic  party,  and 
his  popularity  throughout  the  district  has  been 
such  that  he  has  been  repeatedly  elected  County 
Commissioner.  He  has  served  in  this  position 
for  more  than  ten  years,  and  at  every  possible 
opportunity  has  furthered  the  interests  of  his 
constituency. 

In  the  year  1844,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  Mr. 
Alexander  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Anna 
E.  Crawford,  a  native  of  the  State  of  Kentucky. 
Of  this  union  eight  children  have  been  born: 
John  S.;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Charles  Goddard; 
Arminta,  wife  of  Newton  Cain;  Asa  B.;  Will- 
iam; James  K. ;  Harvey  T. ;  and  Charles  E., 
who  is  County  Superintendent  of  Schools. 


D 


^-#H***#"^ 


yR.  EDWARD  LOOMIS  SMITH,  medi- 
I  cal  practitioner  in  the  city  of  Seattle, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Pittsford,  Mon- 
roe county,  New  York,  April  1,  1840.  His 
parents,  Seth  Sprague  and  Cordelia  F.  (Loomis) 
Smith,  were  natives  of  Vermont  and  Connecti- 
cut respectively,  descended  from  English  ances- 
tors who  were  numbered  among  the  pioneers  of 
New  England.  The  paternal  branch  of  his 
family  was  concerned  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
while  his  maternal  ancestors  were  among  the 
prominent  woolen  manufacturers  of  Connecti- 
cut. The  parents  of  our  subject  moved  from 
Pittsford    to    St.   Johns,     Michigan,    in    1866, 


HISTORY    OF     WASntNQTON. 


where  his  father  died  in  1878,  in  his  sixty- 
fourth  year.  His  venerable  mother  is  still  liv- 
ing, aged  seventy-three  years. 

Edward  Loomis  Smith  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  at  Macedoc  Academy,  and  at  the 
Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary  at  Lima,  New 
York,  His  education  was  gained  personal 
effort,  the  funds  being  secured  by  farm  work 
and  teaching  school.  He  was  married  at  South 
Lima,  Livingston  county,  New  York,  in  18G3, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  N.  Hamilton,  and  then  re- 
moved to  the  oil  regions  of  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  oil  business. 

In  1866  he  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  St. 
Johns,  Michigan,  and  while  engaged  in  farming 
took  up  the  study  of  medicine,  which  he  subse- 
quently continued  at  Buffalo,  New  York,  and 
later,  at  the  Medical  College  of  the  Pacific,  now 
know  as  Cooper  Medical  College,  San  Francisco, 
where  he  graduated.  He  commenced  practice 
at  Quincy,  Plumas  county,  California,  and  dur- 
ing 1873  and  IST-L  served  as  physician  and  sur- 
geon at  Angel  island,  California,  with  the 
Twelfth  United  States  Infantry.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Quincy  and  followed  a  general  prac- 
tice until  1877,  when  he  came  to  Seattle.  Here 
he  at  once  ojiened  an  office,  and  in  1879  entered 
into  partnersliip  witli  Dr.  Rufus  Willard,  with 
whom  he  continued  to  practice  until  the  great 
fire  of  1889.  He  then  went  to  New  York  and 
took  a  course  in  the  Post-Graduate  Medical 
School.  Returning  to  Seattle,  he  resumed  his 
practice,  operating  alone  till  the  spring  of  1892, 
when  his  daughter.  Dr.  ^eWe  H.  Smith,  became 
associated  with  him  professionally.  She  gra- 
duated in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1888,  and  afterward  took 
a  course  in  the  Post-Graduate  School  of  New 
York  city.  She  was  then  placed  in  charge  of 
the  Sherborn  Prison  Hospital,  which  is  con- 
nected with  the  Reformatory  Prison  for  Women, 
and  after  filling  that  position  two  years  return- 
ed to  Seattle. 

Dr.  E.  L.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society,  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, King  County  Medical  Society,  and  is 
president  of  the  Seattle  Medical  Society  and 
Liltrary  Association.  He  was  the  last  president 
of  the  Territorial  Medical  Society,  and  the  first 
president  of  the  State  Medical  Society.  He  is 
a  surgeon  of  the  Providence  Hospital  of  Seattle. 
He  served  as  Surgeon- General  on  the  staff  of 
Governor   Ferry,  and  Brigade-Surgeon  on  the 


staff  of  General  A.  B.  Curry.  Socially  he  is  a 
Knight  Templar  Mason,  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  the  Commandery,  K.  of  P.,  and  the  A.  (). 
U.  W. 

As  a  ])hysician  Dr.  Smith  stands  in  the  front 
rank  of  his  profession  in  Seattle,  and  since  first 
coming  to  the  city  has  had  a  successful  and 
lucrative  practice.  He  has  been  greatly  pros- 
pered in  his  real-estate  speculations,  but  still 
adheres  to  his  profession,  for  which  he  has  a 
genuine  love. 


ONTGOMERY   PAYNE,   one  of    the 

early  pioneers  and  respected  citizens  of 
Clarlu' cniiiitv,  Washington,  was  born  in 
TeiHu-^cr.  l-Vhruary  10,  1823,  a  son  of 
John  and  Julianua  (Sper)  Payne,  natives  of 
Virginia.  The  parents  removed  to  Vigo  county, 
Indiana,  wiien  our  subject  was  quite  young. 
The  latter  was  reared  'and  .■ilnciiUMl  in  that 
State,  and  was  early  iiiuiv.l  t..  tlu'  JKiid-liips  of 
farm  life.  After  spending  five  years  in  Illinois, 
he  crossed  tlie  plains  to  Clarke  county,  AVash- 
ington,  the  journey  consuming  about  six  months. 
He  arrived  in  this  State  in  1852,  but  in  1854 
■removed  to  Eugene,  Oregon,  and  eleven  years 
afterward  again  took  np  his  residence  in  this 
State.  Mr.  Payne  owns  160  acres  of  land  in 
Grass  valley,  seventy  acres  of  which  is  under  a 
fine  state  of  cultivation,  and  seventeen  acres  is 
devoted  to  an  orchard.  His  fruit  gives  good 
returns,  and  finds  a  ready  sale  in  the  Portland 
markets.  Our  subject  also  owns  residence 
property  in  the  village  of  La  Camas,  where  he 
and  his  wife  are  quietly  spending  their  evening 
of  live. 

ilr.  Payne  was  married  in  Indiana,  February 
29,  1851,  to  Miss  Lonisa  Barmore,  a  native  of 
that  State.  They  have  had  five  children:  John 
L.,  deceased  June  16,  1883;  Harriet,  wife  of 
Wm.  Pangburn;  Sarah  J.,  now  Mrs.  William 
Brackett, and  a  resident  of  Spokane  Falls;  Frank 
and  William. 


¥^^^- 


JM.  HESS. — One  of  the  leading  industrial 
establishments  of  Goldendale  is  that  of 
the  Klickitat  Roller  Mills,  owned  and 
operated  in  the  beginning  by  Miller,  Smith  & 
Marble.     In  December,  1888,  J.  M.  Hess  pur- 


HIBTOttY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


chased  the  plant,  and  in  April,  1893,  became 
associated  with  A.  W.  Cooper.  In  June,  1893, 
these  gentlemen  had  the  gratification  of  witness- 
ing the  completion  of  their  most  admirable 
undertaking.  They  now  have  in  operation  one 
of  the  finest  roller  mills  in  the  State;  it  is 
furnished  with  the  latest  and  most  improved 
machinery,  and  the  work  done  is  most  creditable 
to  the  proprietors.  The  capacity  is  fifty  barrels 
in  twenty-four  hours,  the  product  being  con- 
sumed by  local  trade,  and  some  exchange  work 
being  also  done  for  the  accommodation  of  pa- 
trons. This  plant  was  originally  known  as  the 
Klickitat  Mills,  the  name  being  changed  after 
the  roller  process  was  supplied. 

J.  M.  Pless,  to  whom  much  credit  is  due  for 
the  successful  prosecution  of  this  valuable  en- 
terprise, is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Mar- 
tin) Hess,  and  the  date  of  his  birth  was  October 
5,  1848.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  of 
German  extraction,  and  his  mother  was  born  in 
the  State  of  Illinois,  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The 
family  removed  to  Bremer  county,  Iowa,  and 
located  at  Waverly,  in  1850.  There  the  father 
engaged  in  farming,  and  during  the  winter  sea- 
son followed  the  cooper's  trade.  The  attractive 
stories  that  floated  eastward  from  the  Pacific 
coast  were  alluring,  and  in  18(57  the  family 
sailed  for  the  Pacific  coast  via  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama.  They  left  Kew  York  city  on  the 
steamer  Henry  Chauncey,  and  from  the  Isth- 
mus sailed  on  the  Golden  Age  to  San  Francisco, 
from  which  port  they  traveled  on  the  Oriflamme 
to  Portland,  Oregon.  On  the  day  after  they 
landed,  they  took  a  trip  up  the  Clackamas  river, 
going  fourteen  miles,  and  soon  decided  to  pur- 
chase a  place  in  Milwaukee.  This  they  did, 
and  made  their  home  there  for  two  years.  At 
the  end  of  this  period  they  removed  to  the 
coast,  and  located  in  Clatsop  county,  where  they 
resided  fourteen  years.  In  1882,  the  father  and 
mother  came  to  Klickitat  county,  Washington, 
and  settled  at  Goldendale,  where  the  f'atlier  died 
in  1890.  The  mother  survives,  and  still  resides 
in  the  old  home. 

Our  subject  remained  with  his  family  until 
he  had  attained  his  twenty- fifth  year,  and  while 
residing  on  the  coast  he  was  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  and  also  had  some  interests  in 
steamboatiug.  In  1884,  he  came  to  Golden- 
dale,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business  with  Dr. 
Beebe,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  he  bought 
the  stock,  and  conducted  the  business  alone  for 
nearly    four    years.     December    18,    1888,    he 


completed  the  purchase  of  the  Klickitjit  Mills, 
and  carried  on  this  business  alone  until  Mr. 
Cooper  became  associated  with  him.  They  are 
both  men  of  exceptional  executive  ability,  and 
by  correct  business  methods  have  won  a  large 
patronage. 

Mr.  Hess  was  united  in  marriage,  November 
18,  1873,  to  Miss  Minnie  Beebe,  a  native  of 
iSew  York  State,  the  daughter  of  A.  T.  and 
Emeliiie  (Clark)  Beebe.  They  are  the  parents 
of  five  children:  Charles  M.,  John  I.,  Mary  E., 
Lucy  E.;  and  one  son,  William,  died  at  the 
age  of  four  years.  Mr.  Hess  is  an  honoi'ed 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


f^- 


'^^^•m^w^ — 


ox.  ELISHA  P.  FERRY.— No  star  in 
the  constellation  of  States  shines  with 
II  brighter  effulgence  than  that  of  Wash- 
ngton,  whose  brilliancy  is  due  to  the 
concentrated  glory  of  her  most  honorable  citi- 
zens. Among  those  conspicuous  for  their  serv- 
ices in  her  cause,  no  one  is  moi-e  justly  deserving 
of  notice  than  tiie  gentleman  whose  name  heads 
this  brief  biography.' 

This  honored  citizen  was  born  in  Mon- 
roe, Michigan,  August  9,  1825.  His  prelim- 
inary education  was  received  in  his  native 
city,  after  which  he  studied  law,  both  there  and 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845,  being  then  but  twenty  years  of 
age.  In  1846  he  removed  to  Waukegan, 
Illinois,  where  he  began  practicing  his  pro- 
fession, and  of  which  place  he  was  continuously 
a  resident  until  July,  1869,  at  which  time  he 
removed  to  the  Territory  of  Washington.  He 
brought    with   him   an   extended  experience  in 


)ublic  affair 


hav 


been  prominent  in  the 
State  of  Illinois.  He  was  the  first  Mayor  of 
Waukegan,  and  in  1852  and  1856  was  Presi- 
dential Elector  for  the  district  in  which  lie  resid- 
ed. He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  in  Illinois  in  1861,  and  from  that 
year  to  1863  was  Bank  Commissioner  in  that 
State.  During  these  years  he  was  a  member  of 
Governor  Yates'  staff,  as  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  and  assisted 
in  organizing,  equipping  and  sending  into  the 
field  a  large  number  of  Illinois  regiments.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  Surveyor-General  of 
Washington  Territory,  and  in  1872  was  appoint- 
ed Governor  of  the  Territory  and  re-appointed 


BISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


645 


in  1876, — all  of  wliich  positions  were  conferred 
on  him  by  President  Grant.  He  served  as 
Governor  until  jSToveniber,  1880,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Seattle  and  became  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  McNaught,  Ferry,  MclNaught  & 
Mitchell.  In  September,  1887,  he  retired  from 
tiie  pratice  of  the  law  and  entered  the  Pnget 
Sound  !Natit)nal  Bank  as  vice-president.  Sep- 
tember 4,  1889,  he  was  nominated  by  the  Ee- 
publican  party  for  Governor  of  the  State,  and  on 
October  1  was  elected  to  that  office,  serving  in 
that  position  with  his  usual  probity  and  ability. 

The  Governor  has  been  a  strong,  consistent 
Republican  since  the  organization  of  tlie  party 
and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Republican  con- 
vention held  in  the  United  States.  Religiously, 
he  is  an  active  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
In  the  various  walks  of  public  and  private  life 
he  has  been  the  same  conscientious,  able  citizen. 

On  the  day  when  he  retired  from  the  office  of 
Governor,  January  11,  1893,  the  following  ap- 
peared as  an  editorial  in  the  Post- Intelligencer, 
the  leading  Republican  paper  in  the  State  of 
Washington: 

"  THE    RKTIRING    GOVERNOR." 


"  Governor  Ferry  will  carry  with  him  into 
private  life  the  hearty  respect,  esteem  and  good 
wishes  of  the  best  men  of  the  State,  without 
distinctioii  of  party.  Governor  Ferry  brought 
to  the  administration  of  his  responsible  office 
the  ripe,  well-garnered  treasures  of  an  upright 
life  of  energetic  and  varied  experience.  Born 
in  Michigan,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
twenty  years  of  age.  For  twenty-three  years  he 
practiced  his  profession  in  Waukegan,  Illinois. 
During  the  war  he  rendered  patriotic  service 
upon  the  staff  of  Governor  Yates,  of  Illinois. 
He  came  to  Washington  in  1869,  was  appointed 
Surveyor-General,  and  then  Governor  of  the 
Territory  by  President  Gi'ant.  lie  was  eight 
years  Territorial  Governor,  retiring  in  1880  to 
resume  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1887 
he  became  a  banker,  and  in  1889  was  elected 
the  first  Governor  of  the  new  State  of  Wash- 
ington. 

"He  was  easily  the  Ijest  equipped  man  in  the 
whole  State  for  the  position;  he  had  been  twenty 
years  a  resident  of  the  Territory;  his  experience 
as  Surveyor-General  and  Territorial  Execu- 
tive had  made  him  familiar  with  the  natural  re- 
sources of  Washington  and  its  most  imperative 
wants.     He   brought   to  the  administi-ation  of 


his  office  the  technical  professional  knowledge 
of  a  sonnd  lawyer,  and  a  practical  knowledge  of 
finance  and  business.  As  a  lawyer  and  a  man 
of  affairs  he  was  admirably  fitted  for  his  posi- 
tion. 

"He  has  more  than  met  the  high  expectations 
of  his  friends.  His  official  term  has  included 
some  trying  experiences,  but  in  every  instance 
Goveiiior  Feny  has  discharged  his  responsibili- 
ties with  dignity,  wisdom,  tact,  firmness,  prob- 
ity and  resolution.  He  retires  to  private  life 
followed  by  the  hearty  plaudits  of  his  fellow 
citizens  of  all  parties,  who  tender  him  their 
best  wishes  for  happiness  and  comfoi-t  during 
all  tlie  years  that  are  before  him." 


I-^I^ 


|=^*-^4C^ 


GAPTAIN  JOHN  SALTAR,  who  is  living 
retired  at  Steilacoom  city,  Washington, 
was  born  June  23,  1814,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania.  His  parents,  John  and  Margaret 
(Howell)  Saltar,  were  both  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  spent  their  entire  lives  in  that 
State.  They  lived  on  a  farm,  and  the  Captain 
says,  in  speaking  of  his  early  life:  "I  never 
worked:  just  grew  up  on  the  farm.  I  always 
dodged  the  work."  Nevertheless,  he  was  able 
to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world,  as  will  be 
seen  fn.m  the  full., wing  sketch: 

Captain  Saltai'  ivmained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  At  that 
time  he  went  to  Chicago,  but  soon  afterward 
returned  to  Pennsylvania.  Chicago  then  was  a 
little  village  of  only  150  people,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  soldiers  garrisoned  there.  Soon 
afterward  he  again  started  out,  and  this  time 
went  to  Hancock  county,  Illinois,  not  far  from 
Nauvoo.  He  took  an  active  part  in  ridding 
Nauvooof  the  Mormons  then  settled  there.  At 
one  time  the  ]\Iormons  offered  a  large  reward 
for  him,  dead  or  alive,  but  he  was  fortunate 
enough  to  escape  them.  He  built  a  sawmill  in 
Hancock  county,  and  ran  it  until  1844.  Then 
lie  sold  the  mill  and  bought  an  interest  in  a 
steamboat,  and  engaged  in  trading  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi river;  but,  tiring  of  this  occupation,  he 
again  sold  out  and  for  a  while  gave  his  attention 
to  the  mercantile  business  in  Illinois.  In  1850 
he  crossed  the  plains,  coming  to  the  Pacific 
coast  by  way  of  Mexico,  sometimes  traveling 
with  an  emigrant  train,  Init  the  most  of  the 
time  riding  alone  on  a  mule. 


HlSTOnr    OF    WA8IIIN0T0N. 


Arriving  in  San  Diego,  California,  lie  worked 
in  the  mines  for  two  years.  Then  he  returned 
East  via  Cape  Horn.  In  addition  to  this  voy- 
age, he  has  twice  made  the  journey  from  the 
East  to  this  coast  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
has  crossed  twice  by  the  Nicaragua  route,  and 
he  also  crossed  the  plains  twice.  After  leaving 
California  that  time  he  went  to  Damariscotta, 
Maine,  and  while  there  he  built  a  sailing  vessel 
which  lie  named  Legal  Tender.  For  two  years 
he  traversed  the  seas  in  this  vessel,  and  finally 
landed  at  San  Francisco.  Here  he  sold  it,  re- 
taining, however,  one  of  the  cabin  ornaments,  a 
large  American  eagle,  carved  in  wood,  which 
to-day  graces  the  parlor  of  his  home  in  Steila- 
coom  city. 

In  1860  Captain  Saltar  came  from  San  Fran 
Cisco  to  his  present  location.  Here  he  bought 
a  home,  and  in  it  he  has  since  resided.  In  1863 
he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  United  States 
District  Court,  by  Orange  Jacobs,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  for  over  fifteen  years,  at  last  re- 
signing rather  than  move  from  his  old  home  to 
another  district.  He  was  also  at  one  time  Col- 
lector and  Assessor  of  United  States  Internal 
Revenue  for  Idaho  and  "Washington  Territories. 
He  is  certain  that  Steilacoom  will  ultimately  be 
the  greatest  city  of  Washington. 

Captain  Saltar  is  a  member  of  Steilacoom 
Lodge,  No.  2,  F.  &  A.  M. 

He  was  married  in  1854,  to  Jane  Roberts,  in 
Rockford,  Illinois.  She  was  born  in  England, 
March  17,  1830,  and  early  in  life  emigrated  to 
this  country  and  settled  in  Illinois.  She  is  a 
lady  of  education  and  refinement,  and  has  ac- 
companied her  husband  on  many  of  his  travels. 
They  have  an  only  son,  John  Saltar,  Jr.,  mar- 
ried and  living  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  He  is 
Civil  and  Mechanical  Engineer  of  that  city. 


*■§=- 


Jl  ACOB  JONES,  who  has  been  a  resident  of 
h-\\  King  county,  Washington,  for  a  number 
'^  of  years,  is  one  of  its  representative  men, 
and  is  entitled  to  some  personal  mention  in  this 
work. 

He  was  born  in  Finland,  in  June,  1825,  son 
of  Samuel  and  Mary  Jones.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  left  home,  and,  as  cabin  boy  on  a  vessel, 
spent  a  number  of  years  on  the  deep.  He 
finally  rounded  Cape  Horn  and  landed  at  Cali- 
fornia  in  1854.     At  that  time  he  spent  nine 


days  in  San  Francisco.  From  there  he  came  to 
the  Sound  country,  and  after  securing  a  cargo 
of  piles  retiirned  to  San  Francisco.  The  follow- 
ing two  years  he  spent  in  the  redwoods  of  Cali- 
fornia. After  that  he  entered  the  mines  and 
was  engaged  in  mining  in  California  until  the 
Eraser  river  excitement  in  1858,  when  he  started 
for  those  diggings,  but  came  to  the  Sound  in- 
stead. He  worked  in  the  Port  Ludlow  logging 
camp  for  nine  months,  and  in  other  camps  for 
six  years.  He  then  joined  with  the  Wold 
brothers  in  the  purchase  of  160  acres  of  land, 
of  a  Mr.  Welch,  Mr.  Jones  advancing  $500. 
Subsequently  he  located  a  pre-emption  claim 
adjoining  this  tract,  and  here  he  has  since 
resided. 

Mr.  Jones  was  married  in  1882,  to  Mary  An- 
derson, a  native  of  Norway.  Their  children 
are:  Lena,  Herman,  Joseph,  Jacob,  vSamuel  and 
Emma. 

:^-^-^ 

ni  RCHIBALD   McMillan,  late   a  resi- 
//_iV    dent  of  Puyallup,  Pierce   county,  Wasb- 
If^  ington,   was    born    in    Abbeville,    South 
■f/  Carolina,  January  7,  1810.     His  father 

A.  McMillan,  Sr.,  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  born 
in  1761,  and  his  mother,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Mary  Scott,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1765. 
The  senior  McMillan  was  a  tailor  by  trade. 

The  wife  of  our  subject  was  a  daughter  of 
Alex.  Alexander,  of  South  Carolina.  Her 
grandfather  was  born  in  Ireland,  as  also  was 
her  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah 
McDill.  In  1820  Jane  Alexander  moved  with 
her  parents  to  Bethel,  Wayne  county,  Indiana, 
they  being  among  the  pioneers  of  that  county. 
While  there  she  Ijecame  acquainted  with  Archi- 
bald McMillan,  and  in  1834  they  were  united 
in  marriaage.  They  lived  on  a  farm  until  April 
3,  1852,  on  which  date  they  started  across  the 
plains  for  the  far  West. 

□Out  of  the  train  of  fifty  wagons  that  started 
on  the  overland  journey  only  four  came  through 
to  The  Dalles,  the  rest  dropping  out  at  differ- 
ent places  on  the  road  and  going  to  their  re- 
spective destinations.  After  reaching  The 
Dalles,  the  McMillans  and  their  party  put  their 
goods  on  a  boat  and  came  down  the  river  to 
Salem,  Oregon,  where  they  remained  during  the 
winter.  In  March,  1853,  they  came  to  Wash- 
ington Territory  and  settled  on  Chambers' 
prairie  in   Thurston    county.     There   they    re- 


HISTORY    OF    WASEINGtOli. 


mained  four  years,  when,  the  Indian  war  coin- 
ing on,  they  were  compelled  to  go  to  Port  El- 
curaa,  where  they  remained  one  month.  They 
then  went  back  to  their  claim  and  from  there 
to  Fort  Eaton.  Mr.  McMillan  was  one  of  the 
volunteers  who  went  out  to  subdue  the  Indians, 
meanwhile  leaving  his  wife  at  tlie  fort.  Not- 
withstanding the  danger  that  menaced  her  on 
every  side,  she  went  alone  from  the  fort  to  her 
home  every  day  to  feed  the  stock  and  see  that 
all  was  well. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  they  lived  on  the 
farm  until  1857,  when  they  bought  what  was 
known  as  the  Hayward  -claim  in  Stuck  valley, 
comprising  320  acres  of  land.  On  that  property 
they  lived  for  many  years.  Some  time  ago  they 
sold  the  farm,  bought  property  in  Fuyallup, 
where  she  still  resides. 

Facts  worthy  of  note  in  connection  with  the 
biography  of  Mr.  McMillan  are  that  he  was  the 
owner  of  the  first  carriage  ever  driven  in  Pierce 
county,  and  he  was  present  at  the  hanging  of 
the  Indian  Chief  Leschi  at  Steilacoom. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McMillan  had  ten  children. 
The  oldest  died  while  they  were  crossing  the 
plains  and  was  buried  at  Fort  Laramie,  and 
another  one  was  murdered  in  1885.  Six  are 
now  living,  as  follows:  C.  C.  McMillan,  of 
White  River,  Washington;  Mrs.  Sarah  Parker, 
of  Sumner;  Mrs.  Jane  Huson,  Oregon;  Mrs. 
Margaret  Stewart,  Puyallup:  and  Mrs.  Lulu 
Finnigean,  Tacoma. 

Nine  years  ago  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McMillan  cele- 
brated the  golden  anniversary  of  their  marriage. 
Side  by  side  they  journed  on  life's  pathway  for 
nearly  three-score  years,  happy  in  the  society  of 
each  other  and  surrounded  by  hosts  of  warm 
friends.     He  died  May  15,  1893. 


--^-S 


^-^- 


USTAVE  JACOBSON  came  to  Puget 
Sound  in  the  spring  of  1876,  and  the  fol- 
lowing July  located  a  tract  of  100  acres 
on  Samamish  (or  Squak)  slough,  near 
Woodiuville,  on  the  line  of  the  Seattle,  Lake 
Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad.  He  secured  title  to 
this  property  under  the  homestead  law.  This 
tract  is  all  bottom  land  and  is  desirably  located, 
having  the  advantage  of  both  rail  and  water  for 
the  transportation  of  its  products. 

Mr.  Jacobson  was  born  in  Norway,  February 
15, 1845,  and  dates  his  arrival  in  America  in 


1872.  He  spent  two  years  in  California,  just 
previous  to  his  coining  to  Washington.  He  was 
married  November  22,  1868,  to  Anna  TTamra, 
also  a  native  of  Norway.  The  iiamo  nf  tlicir 
children  are:  Jacob,  Mary,  Amlicw.  (Jluni, 
Edwin,  and  Sarah.  Mary  is  the  wife  of  a  Mr. 
Mullen.     Two  of  the  children  are  deceased. 


ll  NDREW  WOODS,  one  of  the  able  ex- 
l\  pounders  of  law  in  the  Seattle  bar,  was 
^  born  in  Winchester,  Massachusetts,  De- 
cember 29,  1854.  His  earliest  ancest(_ir 
in  America  was  Samuel  Woods,  of  England, 
who  emigrated  to  New  England  during  the 
Puritan  revolution,  and  was  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  and  first  settlers  of  the  town  of 
Groton,  Massachusetts,  which  was  laid  out  in 
1656.  The  eleven-acre  right,  or  grant  of  land, 
given  to  Samuel  Woods  now  forms  part  of  the 
center  of  the  town.  Major  Henry  Woods,  a 
descendant,  was  in  command  of  men  from  the 
towns  of  Shirley  and  Pepperi-ll  at  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  and  subsequently  became  General  of 
of  the  Massachusetts  militia.  Sylvanus  Woods, 
a  relative,  captured  the  first  British  prisoner  of 
the  Revolutionary  war,  near  Lexington. 

The  parents  of  our  subject  were  Jonas  Woods, 
born  at  Groton,  Massachusetts,  in  1806,  and 
Nancy  (Hill)  AVoods,  born  at  Stoneham,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1812.  Her  ancestors  were  James 
Hill,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  town  of 
Stoneham,  Massachusetts,  a  few  miles  from 
Boston,  and  Rev.  Zachariah  Synmies,  who 
came  to  Massachusetts  about  1634,  and  was 
settled  as  pastor  in  Charlestown,  taking  up  land 
which  subsequently  became  part  of  the  town 
of  Winchester,  Massachusetts,  about  eight  miles 
north  of  Boston.  A  part  of  this  land  is  still 
occupied  by  descendants  of  the  Symmes  family, 
of  which  family  P.enjamin  Harrison,  ex-Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  is  a  descemlant. 

These  are  all  honored  names  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  New  England,  and  furnished  both  brains 
and  muscle  for  the  aggrandizement  of  that 
world-famed  country  of  the  Eastern  coast. 

Andrew  Woods  received  his  early  education 
at  the  public  schools  of  Winchester,  then,  after 
one  year  with  a  private  tutor,  he  entered  the 
academic  department  of  Harvard  College  and 
graduated  thereat  in  1877  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.     He    then    began    teaching   in  the  high 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


school  of  Windiester  as  instructor  in  Latin  and 
Greek,  and  taught  those  branches  until  1881, 
when  he  passed  tiie  supervisor's  examination 
for  teaeliers  in  Boston  with  signal  honor.  He 
then  returned  to  Cambridge  with  a  view  of  pre- 
paring for  a  professorship  in  history,  in  which 
study  he  had  obtained  marked  distinction  while 
in  college.  After  one  year  of  study  his  plans 
were  changed  and  lie  entered  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  graduating  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
in  1885.  While  in  the  law  school  he  taught 
at  intervals  as  substitute  in  the  public  schools 
of  Boston,  and  from  1883  to  1885  he  was  a 
tutor  and  proctor  in  Harvard   College. 

In  Jannary,  1885,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
Boston  bar,  and  in  1886  to  the  New  York  bar, 
surpassing  all  applicants  in  the  superiority  of 
his  examination  in  each  place.  After  gradu- 
ating from  the  law  school  he  went  to  New  York 
city  and  passed  three  years  in  offices  of  prom- 
inent corporation  law  firms, — two  years  of  the 
time  in  the  capacity. of  managing  clerk. 

In  1888  he  took  a  prospecting  tour  through 
the  West  and  along  the  Pacific  coast,  and  after 
due  consideration" decided  to  locate  in  Seattle, 
which  he  accomplished  in  1889.  To  get  a 
knowledge  of  practice  in  Washington,  he  first 
entered  the  office  of  the  distinguished  law  firm 
of  Burke  &  Haller,  which  firm  was  dissolved  in 
Uecembei',  1889,  by  the  .death  of  the  lamented 
G.  Morris  Haller.  Mr.  Woods  then  remained 
with  Judge  Burke  until  September,  1890,  wlien 
he  became  a  partner  with  the  organization  of 
the  firm  of  Burke,  Sliepard  l^:  Woods,  which 
firm  still  exists  as  one  of  the  representative  law 
associations  of  the  city.  The  firm  are  attorneys 
for  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company,  Mr. 
Woods  giving  particular  attention  to  right-of- 
way  matters,  condemnation  and  other  railway 
cases,  and  to  suits  in  admiralty.  He  is  a  man 
of  keen  judgment  and  clear  foresight,  and,  be- 
ing a  close  student,  is  destined  to  rank  with  the 
foremost  in  tiie  legal  profession  of  the  North- 
west. 


VPTAIN  N.  L.  ROGERS,  one  of  the 
early  sailing  masters  of  Puget  Sound, 
was  born  in  Bath,  Maine,  April  10,  1837. 
His  paternal  ancestors  were  lineal  descendants 
of  John  Rogers,  of  Smitlifield,  the  martyr  who 
was  burned  at  the  stake  during  the  reign  of 
Bloody  Mary  about  1550.     The  parents  of  onr 


suljject,  Noah  and  Harriet  (Ilodgkins)  Rogers, 
were  natives  of  Maine  and  Massachusetts,  re- 
spectively, descended  from  Puritan  stock.  Dur- 
ing the  palmy  days  of  ship-building  in  Bath, 
W.  M.  Rogers,  uncle  of  our  subject,  was  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  that  industry,  which  is 
continued  by  his  son  at  the  present  time. 

Nathaniel  L.  Rogers  attended  the  high  school 
of  Bath  until  his  fifteenth  year,  when  he  be- 
came desirous  of  seeing  the  world  through  the 
channels  of  the  high  sea,  and  he  shipped  as 
common  sailor  in  the  European  trade,  sailing 
from  ports  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  to 
ports  on  the  Mediterranean  sea,  France,  Eng- 
land, Gerjnany,  Scotland,  AVales  and  the  West 
Indies.  He  advanced  so  rapidly  in  the  science 
of  navigation  that,  three  years  later,  he  was 
taken  from  the  forecastle  and  promoted  to  the 
position  of  third  mate  of  the  Bath  ship  Lizzie 
Harwood  while  lying  in  the  port  of  Llavre, 
France,  and  the  following  year  became  second 
mate,  in  which  capacity  he  sailed  three  years, 
hi  1859  he  shipped  before  the  mast  from  Bath 
on  the  brig  Sheet  Anchor  for  San  Francisco, 
California,  arriving  in  June,  1860.  He  then 
shipped  as  first  mate  on  the  ship  Amethyst,  in 
the  coal  trade,  running  between  Sehoine,  Bell- 
ingham  bay,  and  San  Francisco.  He  held  this 
position  for  a  period  of  about  ten  months,  then 
shipped  as  first  mate  on  the  bark  Daniel  Web- 
ster and  sailed  for  Shanghai,  China,  thence  to 
Tien-Tsin  on  the  Pei-Ho  river,  China,  back  to 
Shanghai,  thence  to  Kanagawa,  Japan,  where 
the  vessel  was  sold  to  the  Japanese  govern- 
ment, our  subject  returning  to  San  Francisco 
as  passenger  on  the  ship  Carrington,  arriving  at 
his  destination  in  December,  1861.  He  then 
shipped  as  mate  on  the  tug-boat  Fearless,  towing 
vessels  over  the  bar  at  Coos  bay,  Oregon.  In- 
the  spring  of  1862  the  excitement  of  the  Salmon 
river  mines  in  Idaho  broke  out,  and,  with  three 
others,  he  packed  two  horses  and  spent  six 
montlis  prospecting  and  mining.  Not  being 
successful,  they  made  their  way  back  to  San 
Francisco,  arriving  in  October,  one  of  the  three 
having  lost  his  life  by  the  capsizing  of  the  boat 
in  the  rapids  of  Snake  river.  Captain  Rogers 
then  again  entered  the  coal  and  lumber  trade  of 
Puget  Sound,  continuing  until  the  following 
summer,  when  he  shipped  as  sailing  master  on 
the  pilot  boat  Daniel  Webster,  owned  by  four 
pilots,  and  witli  them  on  board  sailed  for 
Shanghai,  China,  to  enter  into  the  pilot  busi- 
ness  from   the  mouth  of  the   Y^ang-tse-Kiang 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


river  to  Shanghai.  Captain  Rogers  left  the 
boat  at  Shanghai,  and  for  a  few  months  was 
employed  as  inspector  of  cust£)ms  in  the  Chinese 
customhouse,  at  tiiat  time  conducted  by  the 
English.  Cholera  then  broke  out  with  its  most 
terrible  ravages,  hundreds  dying  daily,  and,  to 
get  out  of  the  country,  the  Captain  secured 
passage  on  the  old  ship  John  Jay.  Disagree- 
ment subsequently  arose  between  the  othcers 
and  passengers,  and  the  latter  assumed  com- 
mand and  obliged  the  Captain  to  make  the  port 
of  Yokohama,  Japan.  Tlie  American  consul 
took  the  captain  and  mate  off  of  the  ship  and 
appointed  another  captain  and  mate,  our  subject 
l)eing 'chosen  as  incumbent  in  the  latter  ca- 
pacity. The  boat  then  continued  its  way  to 
San  Francisco.  Of  the  original  number  who 
left  Puget  Sound  on  the  pilot  boat  only  two  be- 
sides Captain  Rogers  returned  alive.  After 
reaching  San  Francisco  he  left  the  sea  for  the 
mines  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and,  after  a 
shoit  but  disastrous  experience  in  mining  and 
dabbling  in  stocks,  lost  all  his  savings  and  once 
more  returned  to  San  Francisco  and  his  legiti- 
mate occupation  on  the  sea.  In  1864  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  Captain  Renton  as  captain 
of  the  bark  Nahumkeyg,  and  later  of  the  barks 
Huntsville,  Scotland  and  Oak  Hill — all  sailing 
between  Puget  Sound  and  San  Francisco.  In 
1868  Captain  Rogers  shipped  as  master  on  the 
steamship  George  S.  Wright,  owned  by  Jacob 
Ilamm,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  the  boat  running 
between  Portland  and  Puget  Sound  and  British 
Columbia  ports.  In  1869  Ben  Holliday  bought 
the  siiip,  and  Captain  Rogers  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  the  steamers  Gussie  Telfair  and  Cali- 
fornia, running  over  the  same  route.  In  1870 
Ben  Holliday  secured  the  mail  contract  between 
I'ortland  and  Sitka,  Alaska,  and  Captain  Rogers 
was  then  transferred  to  that  route,  which  he 
sailed  for  about  two  j'ears.  In  the  latter  part 
of  1872  he  again  left  the  sea,  and,  in  partner- 
ship with  John  Nation,  started  a  brass  foundry, 
which  was  operated  for  one  year  and  then 
burned  out,  entailing  a  total  loss  of  stock  and 
machinery.  He  then  made  a  voyage  as  mate 
on  the  bark  Garibaldi,  going  to  China  and 
Japan,  and  then  back  to  Portland,  where  he 
arrived  after  an  absence  of  nearly  one  year. 
He  then  went  to  San  Francisco  and  took  charge 
of  the  ship  Enoch  Talbot,  which  lie  sailed  in  the 
coasting  trade  until  August,  1875;  then  left  the 
ship  in  San  Francisco  and  came  to  Seattle, 
where  he  has  since  resided.     He  was  master  and 


pilot  of  several  passenger  steamers  and  towboats, 
and  part  owner  of  two  until  1885,  when  he  be- 
came associated  with  Mr.  D.  E.  Durie  in  the 
produce,  feed  and  commission  business.  On 
the  6th  of  June,  1889,  by  the  great  tire  in  Se- 
attle the  business  was  completely  wiped  out. 
In  July,  1889,  Captain  Rogers  was  appointed 
Harbor  Master  of  the  port  at  Seattle,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  the  change  of  city  govern- 
ment in  November,  1892,  wlien  he  was  suc- 
ceeded, and  since  then  has  not  engaged  in 
business.  In  1879  he  bought  property  on  the 
corner  of  Third  and  Lenora  streets,  which  he 
has  improved  and  there  resides. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1870,  to  Miss 
Julia  M.  Nation,  who  died  November  22,  1889, 
leaving  two  sons:  Frank  and  Henry.  The  Cap- 
tain was  again  married  in  Seattle,  in  1891,  to 
Mrs.  Ida  E.  (Gray)  Schaar,  a  native  of  New 
York.  Socially,  the  Captain  aihliatcs  with  the 
K.  of  P.  and  the  American  Association  of 
Steamboat  Masters  and  Pilots. 


'r^nC' 


JOHN  FREDERICK  SCIIEUCHZER  was 
born  in  Zurich  canton.  Switzerland,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1854,  son  of  Sigmund  and  Anna 
(Lee)  Scheuchzer.  In  1872  he  k^ft  home,  went 
to  Germany,  and  there  entered  upon  an  a])pren- 
ticeship  to  the  trade  of  upholsterer.  He  de- 
voted two  years  to  leai-iiing  the  trade.  During 
tins  time  he  had  to  support  himself,  which  he 
did  by  working  after  regular  hours.  It  was  in 
the  contract  that  he  was  to  pay  200  marks  to  the 
party  of  whom  he  learned  the  trade,  in  order  to 
do  which  he  remained  there  still  another  year. 
He  then  became  a  membur  of  tlic  Fnli, .l.-'eivr"s 


■1-1    I'l 


Guild,  and  undci-  it-  diicctimi  I 
city  to  city  unlil  all  the  pi'iii</i|(:d  .-itic  of  Imi- 
rope  had  liecu  \i-iloil.  workin-  at  his  trade 
wherever  he  ^Io|i],(m|.  Apiil  1,  !  "^^-n,  he  arrived 
in  New  Y'ork  city,  wliunco  he  came  wo.-t  to  Chi- 
cago, where  he  worked  at  his  trade  for  six  months. 
The  following  eighteen  months  were  spent  in 
St.  Louis,  and  at  various  points  in  Colorado  and 
Arizona,  where  he  pursued  various  callings. 
From  Arizona  he  directed  his  course  into  Lower 
California,  but  remained  there  only  a  short  tiiTie, 
and  then  came  north  to  California,  where  for 
nine  months  he  worked  in  the  borax  fields.  After 
that  he  spent  a  brief  time  in  San  Francisco,  and 
from  there  came  to  Seattle,  Washington,  landing 
at  the   latter  place  on  Christmas  Day  of  1883. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


He  remained  in  Seattle  three  months.  The  first 
work  he  did  there  was  to  help  to  grade  Front 
street.  Then  he  came  to  Snoqualmie  prairie 
and  located  a  ranch,  but  he  abandoned  it  not 
long  after,  and  paid  $25  for  another  man's  right 
to  the  ranch  on  which  he  now  lives.  He  proved 
up  on  this  claim  under  the  homestead  law  in 
1890. 

Mr.  Scheuchzer  was  married  March  20, 1889, 
to  Mrs.  Addelle  (Seitz)  J'ike,  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri, a  widow  with  two  children,  Ella  Frances 
and  John  Taylor,  aged  ten  and  eight  years  re- 
spectively. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scheuchzer  have  two 
children:  Carry  Anna,  born  December  19, 1890; 
and  Charles  Frederick,  November  20,  1892. 
Mr.  Scheuchzer  built  his  elegant  residence  on 
the  headwaters  of  the  Snoqualmie  river,  and  it 
is  located  in  the  midst  of  magnificent  mountain 
scenery  which  will  compare  favorably  with  that 
of  his  native  land. 


ID  J. 


GANO,  a  farmer  of  Klickitat  county, 
was  born  in  Virginia,  in  August,  1833, 
"^^^  a  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Gano,  natives 
of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  respectively.  Tlie 
parents  spent  a  portion  of  their  lives  in  Illinois, 
and  afterward  removed  to  Missouri,  where  they 
subsequently  died. 

B.  J.  Gano,  our  subject,  spent  his  early  life 
in  niinois  and  Missouri,  but  the  West  and  par- 
ticularly the  Pacific  coast  oflfered  greater  oppor- 
tunities for  an  ambitious  mind.  Accordingly, 
in  1875,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  California, 
where  he  remained  several  years.  He  then 
came  further  north,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  where  he  first 
took  a  homestead  of  160  acres,  but  has  since 
added  to  the  original  purchase  until  he  now  owns 
320  acres  of  well  improved  land,  located  three 
miles  from  the  county  seat,  Goldendale.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year  the  corn  and  wheat  on  this 
place  averaged  twenty  and  twenty-five  bushels 
per  acre,  respectively,  and  lie  also  raises  a  va- 
riety of  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Mr.  Gano  was  married  in  Illinois,  in  1854,  to 
Miss  Clarinda  Hoffman,  a  native  of  that  State 
and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Amelia  (Boyle) 
Hoffman,  natives  of  Kentucky,  who  afterward 
moved  to  Illinois,  where  they  subsequently  died. 
To  this  union  have  been  born  six  children :  Ame- 
lia Maddux,  Mary  E.  O'Neil,  Laura  E.,  George 
B.,  Toinette  McLeod  and  Edmonia  Stith.     Mr. 


Gano  takes  an  active  interest  in  jiolitical  mat- 
ters, voting  the  Democratic  party.  He  is  also 
active  in  school  matters,  has  held  the  office  of 
Clerk  and  Director,  and  has  also  served  as  Road 
Supervisor  many  times. 


If  COLVIN,  a  prosperous  farmer  and  stock- 
raiser  of  Thurston  county,  Washington,  re- 
-1  siding  near  Tenino  and  widely  known  as  a 
liberal-minded  and  public-spirited  citizen,  was 
born  in  Boone  county,  Missouri,  December  14; 
1829.  His  father,  Benjamin  Colvin,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Culpeper,  Virginia,  whence  he  afterward 
removed  to  Boone  county,  Missouri,  where  lie 
grew  to  manhood  and  married  Sophie  McBaiu 
of  the  latter  place. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  resided  with  his 
parents  on  a  farm  until  he  was  twenty  years  of 
age.  He  then,  in  the  spring  of  1849,  started 
westward,  going  first  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan- 
sas, where  he  was  engaged  by  the  United  States 
Government  to  drive  a  commissary  wagon  be- 
tween Forts  Leavenworth,  Hall  and  Vancouver. 
He  made  but  one  trip,  however,  for  after  re- 
maining two  weeks  in  the  last  mentioned  place 
he  drew  his  salary  and  crossed  the  Columbia 
river.  Here  he  went  to  work  at  making  shin- 
gles, for  $90  a  month,  at  which  he  continued 
until  1850,  when  he  started  for  Olympia.  He 
came  up  the  Cowlitz  river  to  the  landing  and 
there  liiredahorse  and  guide  from  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  and  proceeded  to  New  Market, 
now  Tumwater.  He  there  secured  employment 
from  a  sawmill  company,  for  whom  he  worked 
in  the  woods  for  two  years,  at  cutting  piles. 

At  the  end  of  this  time,  in  company  with 
Jesse  Ferguson  and  others,  he  started  on  a  pros- 
pecting tour  to  Queen  Charlotte's  island,  where 
they  M'ere  wrecked  and  captured  by  the  Indians, 
and  after  fifty-four  days  in  bondage  were  ran- 
somed by  the  United  States  Government  and 
brought  back  to  Olympia.  After  this,  a  second 
expedition  w-as  made  by  the  suliject  of  this 
sketch  and  others,  as  formerly,  in  search  of  gold, 
but  they  were  again  unsuccessful,  remaining  but 
six  monthb  on  the  island,  when  they  returned  to 
Tumwater.  Mr.  Colvin  was  then  employed  in  a 
sawmill  until  1854,  wlien  he  went  to  Grand 
]\[ound  Prairie  and  settled  on  a  donation  claim 
of  320  acres,  on  which  he  lived  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Indian  war,  in  1855. 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


At  this  time  he  joined  the  volunteers  under 
Captain  C.  Eaton,  and  was  one  of  the  party  who 
biouglit  back  the  dead  and  wounded  to  Steila- 
cooni  from  the  phice  of  massacre  by  the  Indians, 
amono;  the  unfortunate  SMctiins  being  J.  McCal- 
lister. 

On  the  disbandnient  of  the  volunteers,  Mr. 
Colvin  returned  to  his  farm,  wliere  he  continued 
uninterruptedly  until  1863,  at  which  time  he 
made  a  trip  to  Salmon  river  mines,  remaining 
there,  however,  but  a  few  months,  when  he  again 
returned  to  his  claim  and  began  farming  and 
stock-raising  on  a  large  scale.  He  has  a  nnm- 
ber  of  costly  buildings  and  a  great  many  head 
of  cattle  besides  other  valuable  stock,  and  is 
classed  among  the  successful  stock-raisers  of  the 
county.  He  uwiis  three  large  farms  in  Lewis 
county,  besides  liis  home  place  of  3,000  acres, 
being  altogether  one  of  the  largest  land-holders 
in  his  vicinity.  JS'or  is  this  prosperity  be- 
grudged him  by  his  neiglibors,  by  whom  he  is 
justly  regarded  as  a  hard  working  and  enterpris- 
ing man,  generous  in  his  assistance  to  others 
and  taking  a  commendable  interest  in  his  com- 
munity, to  the  welfare  of  which  he  liberally 
contributes. 

In  October,  1866,  Mr.  Colvin  was  married  to 
Mrs.  George  Eector,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Emma  Peck,  and  who  was  born  in  Illinois.  Her 
father,  Washington  Peck,  was  born  in  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1801,  while  her  mother,  nee  Mary 
Wilcox,  was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  born  No- 
vember 27,  1806.  With  her  parents,  she  has 
led  a  cosmopolitan  life,  living  at  different  times 
in  Wisconsin,  various  portions  of  Canada,  in 
Missouri,  New  Mexico,  and  finally  settling  in 
Lewis  county,  Washington.  She  was  first  mar- 
ried in  1859,  to  George  Rector,  and  they  had 
three  children.  She  afterward  secured  a  divorce 
from  him,  and  in  1866  was  married  to  Mr.  Col- 
vin, and  by  her  second  marriage  has  four  chil- 
dren: r>en  Cuh'in.  of  Lewis  county;  Nellie  G., 
Sadie  J.  and  Fred  A.,  at  home.  The  family 
enjoys  high  social  standing  in  the  community 
in  whicli  Mr.  Colvin  is  a  representative  citizen. 

'§^^^ 


(JHN  F.  GOWEY,  vice-president  of 


d  First  National  Bank  of  Olympia,  Wash- 
ington, and  a  progressive,  public-spirited 
citizen,  was  born  in  North  Lewisbnrg,  Ohio, 
December  7,  1846.     He  traces  his  descent  from 


one  of  the  first  of  those  who  emigrated  from 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  to  this  country,  this  an- 
cestor having  arrived  about  1650,  and  settled 
in  Beaverwick,  now  Albany,  New  York.  The 
family  name  was  originally  spelled  '■  Goewey," 
but  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
John  Gowey,  dropped  the  superfluous  "  e,"  this 
change  being  adopted  about  the  year  1800.  His 
paternal  ancestors  were  land-holders  and  thrifty 
agriculturists.  The  first  American  representa- 
tive of  the  maternal  ancestry  was  Isaac  Willey, 
of  Wilshire,  England,  who  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1640,  first  settling  in  Boston,  and 
being  one  of  the  men  who  went  with  John 
Winthrop,  Jr.,  and  settled  at  New  London, 
Connecticut,  in  the  year  1645.  During  the 
Revolutionary  war  Abraham  Willey,  the  great- 
great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  private 
under  his  brother,  Captain  Ji.  hn  Willey,  in  the 
First  Company  of  the  Fourth  Battalion,  which 
was  commanded  by  Colonel  Joseph  Spencer. 
Abraham  was  one  of  that  memorable  Lexington 
Relief  Corps,  numbering  forty-three  men,  who 
marched  from  East  Haddara,  Connecticut,  to 
Boston,  during  the  Lexington  campaign.  The 
family  were  prominently  connected  with  the 
early  colonial,  and  later  State,  organizations, 
being  ably  represented  in  the  various  professions 
of  the  ministry,  law  and  literature.  Hartland 
D.  Gowey,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  Nelson,  New  York,  in  1821, 
but  removed  to  Ohio  in  Iioyhood.  He  there 
secured  a  classical  education  and  lie^au  teacliiiig 
in  Knox  county,  that  State,  at  the  early  age  uf 
sixteen  years.  He  was  married  at  Delaware,  in, 
the  Buckeye  Stiite.  February  11,  1846,  to  Miss 
Elisa  A.  Willey,  an  intelligent  and  accomplished 
lady,  who  was  born  in  Worthington,  Oiiio,  in 
1824.  After  marriage  they  settled  at  North 
Lewisburg,  where  Mr.  Gowey  engaged  in  civil 
engineering  and  the  mercantile  business.  He 
was  appointed  Postmaster  in  1852  l)y  Pi-esideut 
Franklin  Pierce,  and  held  that  office  continu- 
ously until  1885,  a  period  of  thirty  three  years. 
In  1892,  when  seventy-one  years  of  age,  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  North  Lewisburg 
without  an  ojipo^in-;  raiididate.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gowey  had  three  children,  two  of  whom  lived 
to  maturity:  John  F.  and  Marcus  C,  the  latter 
now  a  prominent  attorney  of  North  Lewisburg. 
John  F.  Gowey,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  his  native 
town,  which  was  supplemented  by  a  course  of 
studies  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  but 


niSTOBY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


owing  to  failing  health  he  did  not  graduate.  In 
1867  he  began  reading  law  with  General  John 
H.  Young,  of  Urbana,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  May  10,  1869.  He  commenced  his 
practice  at  Woodstock,  Ohio,  whence  he  re- 
turned to  Urbana  in  1875,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  law  iirm  of  Young,  Chance  &  Gowey. 
In  1868  Mr.  Gowey  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
Board  of  Rush  township,  which  ottice  be  held 
for  seven  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature for 'the  short  term  in  1873,  and  re-elected 
in  1874  for  two  years.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Champaign  county,  to 
which  position  he  was  re-elected  in  1878,  serv- 
ing for  four  years  thereafter.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  the  National  Eepublican  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago  in  1880,  and  helped  to  nominate 
General  James  A.  Garfield  for  President.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Central  Com- 
mittee. In  1882  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Chester  A.  Arthur  Register  of  the  Land  Office 
at  Olympia,  "Washington  Territory,  whicli  ap- 
pointment was  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  In 
June  of  that  year  he  removed  to  his  new  field 
of  labor,  and  served  in  the  capacity  named  until 
August  1,  1886,  when  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  law.  In  September,  1887,  he  retired  from 
practice  to  accept  the  position  of  President  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Olympia,  in  which 
position  he  continued  with  credit  to  himself  and 
satisfaction  to  his  associates  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  October,  1890.  He,  however,  was  not 
permitted  to  sever  his  connection  with  an  office 
which  he  had  filled  so  ably,  but  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  bank  in  April,  1891, 
which  position  he  still  retains.  His  reputation 
for  honor  and  business  integrity,  together  with 
his  well-known  financial  ability  and  general  ex- 
cellence of  character,  have  contributed  to  inspire 
in  the  community  confidence  in  the  bank  with 
which  he  is  connected,  to  which  fact  much  of 
its  merited  prosperity  is  attributable. 

The  people  of  Washington  have  vied  with 
those  of  Ohio  in  electing  him  to  prominent  po- 
sitions of  trust.  In  the  fall  of  1886  he  was 
elected  to  the  upper  house  (Council)  of  the 
Teri'itorial  Legislature,  serving  through  the  ses- 
sions of  1887  and  1888.  In  1889  he  was  J  udge 
Advocate  General,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  on 
the  staif  of  Miles  C.  Moore,  Governor  of  the 
Territory,  and  at  the  same  time  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Olympia,  to  which  latter 
office  he  was  re-elected  in  January,  1890,  with- 
out an  opposing  candidate,  that  being  a  kind  of 


hereditary  characteristic  of  the  family.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1889,  and  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Re- 
puljlican  State  Committee  during  the  first  State 
campaign.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Regent 
of  the  State  University  by  Governor  Elisha  P. 
Ferry.  In  August,  1890,  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Harrison  and  confirmed  by  the  Sen- 
ate as  Consul-General  to  Japan,  bnt,  owing  to 
the  condition  of  his  health,  he  was  unable  to  go 
to  his  post  of  duty  and  resigned  in  January, 
1890. 

Mr.  Gowey  was  first  married  at  Woodstock, 
Ohio,  April  25,  1867,  to  Miss  Clara,  daughter 
of  George  and  Rachel  McDonald,  and  they  had 
one  son,  Frank  McDonald.  His  second  mar- 
riage was  consummated  with  Miss  Georgiana 
Stevens  (daughter  of  Dearborn  and  Olive  B. 
Stevens),  whom  he  married  in  Olympia,  Wash- 
ington. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Gowey  is  a  Freemason,  hav- 
ing received  the  thirty-third  degree,  Scottish 
rite,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

Those  who  have  followed  thus  far  the  record 
of  Mr.  Gowey's  life  will  readily  deduce  correct 
conclusions  as  to  his  worth  of  character  and 
business  ability,  which  have  not  only  gained  for 
himself  financial  prosperity  and  universal  es- 
teem, but  have  contributed  materially  to  the 
growth  and  welfare  of  his  community,  and,  in- 
cidentally, the  State  at  large. 


-^^>^^^i<^*<^^^^k^ 


A 


AMES  REWELLIXG  WOOD,  a  Wash- 
ington pioneer,  now  living  in  retirement 
in  Olympia,  enjoying  that  ease  and  com- 
fort which  is  the  reward  of  iiis  early  labors  and 
hardships  in  a  new  country,  is  a  native  of  the 
e.xtreme  East,  having  been  born  at  Duchess 
county,  in  the  town  of  Heuston,  New  York,  a 
small  town  situated  ten  miles  from  Poughkeep- 
sie.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Catharine  (Babcock) 
Wood,  afterward  removed  to  Otsego  county,  the 
same  State,  and  a  few  years  later  to  Canajoharie, 
Montgomery  county,  where  they  lived  until 
1841,  the  father  being  employed  at  his  trades  of 
cooper  and  brewer.  They  then  removed  to 
Utica,  Michigan,  where  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  became  the  owner  of  a  sawmill, 
which  he  operated,  in  connection  with  the  coop- 
ering business,  assisted  by  his  son  James. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


When  about  twenty-one  years  of  age,  James 
Wood,  of  tliis  notice,  was  married,  May  19, 
1847,  to  Delia  Smith,  of  Utica,  Michigan.  He 
left  home  and  went  farther  west,  to  AValworth 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  resided  until 
August,  1818,  at  which  time  he  removed  to 
Kenosha,  Kacine  county,  where  he  remained 
until  April  of  the  following  year,  when,  leaving 
his  wife  with  his  mother,  he  and  his  father 
started  for  the  gold  fields  of  California,  about 
which  there  was  then  such  great  excitement. 
On  the  way  across  the  plains,  they  stopped  in 
Wyoming  and  the  Black  Hills,  to  prospect, 
going  thence  to  Colorado,  in  which  Territory 
they  camped,  July  4,  1849,  at  Greenhorn, 
twenty-seven  miles  from  Pueblo. 

Thence  they  continued  their  way  southward, 
via  the  Raton  mountains,  passing  through  Las 
Vegas  and  Socorro,  New  Mexico,  along  the  trail 
made  by  Lieutenant  Cook,  during  the  Mexican 
war,  thence  through  Santa  Cruz,  old  Mexico, 
Tucson,  Arizona,  San  Diego  and  Los  Angeles, 
California,  finding  in  the  latter  place  a  solitary 
frame  building.  On  Christmas  Eve,  1849,  they 
arrived  at  Santa  Ana,  tlie  latter  State.  In 
March,  1850,  they  started  from  San  Pedro,  Cal- 
ifornia, in  a  vessel  for  San  Francisco,  at  which 
latter  place  they  arrived  March  12,  1850. 
Thence  they  proceeded  to  a  mining  town,  twenty 
miles  inland,  where  tiiey  worked  at  mining  and 
butchering  until  1851,  when  they  started  for 
Astoria,  Oregon,  going  thence  to  the  coast,  ar- 
riving in  Olympia  in  December,  1851.  Shortly 
afterward,  James  Wood  took  a  donation  claim 
of  160  acres  in  Thurston  county,  Washington. 
In  1852  and  1853  he  worked  at  coopering,  and 
later  as  a  general  contractor  in  Olympia,  until 
1855,  the  time  of  the  outbreak  of  the  Indian 
war.  He  then,  in  response  to  a  requisition  by 
Governor  Stevens,  joined  Company  B,  serving 
under  Captain  Hays  and  Lieutenant  J.  Hnrd 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  Olympia,  and  resumed  his  work  as 
contractor  and  builder. 

His  first  wife  having  died  in  the  East  shortly 
after  his  departure  to  the  mines,  he  was  re-mar- 
ried, in  February,  1859,  to  his  present  wife, 
Elizabeth  Pullen,  a  widow  with  two  children: 
James  E.  and  Annie  J.  He  and  his  wife  have 
two  children:  Oscar  and  Addie. 

In  1861,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  in  com- 
pany with  liis  father,  built  a  brewery  in  Olym- 
pia, which  they  successfully  operated  for  twenty 
years.      Mr.    James  Wood  then    sold    out   his 


interest  and  bought  a  farm  not  far  from  town, 
but,  later,  tiring  of  that,  he  again  sold  out  and 
returned  once  more  to  his  favorite  city  of  Olym- 
pia, which  he  has  ever  since  made  his  home, 
living  retired  from  active  business,  finding  in 
the  society  of  his  family  and  that  of  his  numer- 
ous friends  a  suificient  i-ecompensefor  his  many 
years  of  hardship  and  labor. 

EMANUEL     NEILSON,    a    resident    of 
Woodinville,  King  county,  Washington, 
1  is  another  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of 

this  vicinity  whose  native  place  is  Norway.  He 
was  born  April  16,  1840.  h\  1870  he  came  to 
America,  and  first  located  in  Chicago,  where  he 
worked  at  his  trade,  that  of  ship  carpenter,  four 
years,  having  learned  this  trade  in  the  old 
country. 

Mr.  Neilsou  dates  his  arrival  in  the  Sound 
country  in  August,  1874,  having  come  hither 
by  w;iy  of  San  Francisco.  During  the  first  two 
months  after  his  arrival  here  he  was  in  the  em- 
ploy of  .Mr.  Hall,  in  the  Port  Ludlow  shipyard. 
Then  he  went  to  Port  Blakely,  where  he  re- 
mained until  January,  1876.  At  that  time  he 
came  to  Seattle.  He  continued  working  at  his 
trade  until  June  24,  of  that  year,  when  he  lo- 
cated a  ranch  on  Samamish  (or  Squak)  slough, 
near  Woodinville.  At  the  time  he  located  this 
claim  the  land  here  was  all  claimed  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  but  later 
it  was  declared  Government  laud,  and  Mr.  Neil- 
son  then  entered  a  pre-emption.  He  finally 
secured  title  to  his  place  under  the  homestead 
law.  He  has  cleared  fifteen  acres  of  the  land, 
and  has  it  under  cultivation.  He  also  owns  the 
hotel  in  Woodinville. 

Mr.  Neilson  was  married  May  17,  1860,  to 
Guerte  Eugebresen,  a  native  of  Norway.  Their 
only  child  is  Boelete  Jaderholni. 


JOHN  E.  BUNKER,  another  one  of  the 
successful  men  of  Lewis  county,  Washing- 
ton, dates  his  birth  in  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  in  1S41.  He  lived  there  until  he  was 
thirteen  years  of  age,  when  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Farmington,  Minnesota.  Three 
years  later  they  moved  to  Page  county,    Iowa, 


HISTORY    OF    WA8UINOT0N. 


and  the  next  year,  1860,  went  to  Nevada,  locat- 
ing at  Carson  City.  After  they  had  been  there 
about  three  years,  the}'  moved  on  to  Sacramento 
county,  California.  After  three  years  spent  in 
Sacramento  county,  Mr.  Bunker  came  to  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  and  three  years  later  to 
Lewis  county,  Washington,  landing  at  the  latter 
place  in  1871.  Here  he  has  since  lived  and 
prospered. 

Mr.   Bunker  married    Jerusha    I.    Meloy,    a 
native  of  Multnomah  county,  Oregon. 


D|R.  JOHX  COE  KELLOGG,  a  Washing- 
I   ton  pioneer  of  1852,  and  now  a  resident 
— -     of    Seattle,  was    born  in    Starkey,   Yates 
county,  New  York,  October  11,  1820. 

His  ancestors  settled  in  New  England  al)ont 
1700,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  woolen  cloth  at  Great  Barrington, 
Massachusetts,  where  Chester  C.  Kellogg,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  born.  About  1800 
he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Auburn,  New 
York,  then  a  town  of  three  or  four  frame 
buihlings,  where  his  father  built  a  small  woolen 
factory  and  dye  house,  and  there  Chester  C. 
learned  the  trade.  In  1815  he  went  to  Starkey 
and  bought  an  interest  in  a  mill,  and  subse- 
quently married  Miss  Martha  Coe,  a  native  of 
Connecticut.  Continuing  his  saw  and  woolen 
mills  until  1833,  his  property  was  destroyed  by 
flood  and  tire,  and  in  1835  he  removed  to  Huron 
county,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  thei'e 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life. 

John  C.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Starkey  and  at  the  Milan  Seminary  at  Huron, 
attending  to  farm  duties  when  not  engaged  in 
study.  Having  spent  his  boyhood  in  his  father's 
mills  and  having  a  liking  for  machinery,  his 
desires  turned  later, in  that  direction,  and  in 
1840  he  went  to  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  to 
learn  the  trade  of  machinist.  After  six  months 
in  a  shop,  he  boarded  a  steamboat  running  to 
New  Orleans,  working  in  the  machine  depart- 
ment. At  New  Orleans,  in  1842,  he  shipped 
with  Raphael  Semmes — tiie  notorious  block- 
ade runner  of  the  Civil  war  and  of  steamship 
"  Alabama  "  fame — on  board  the  United  States 
steamer  "  Pointset,"  in  the  engineer  department, 
the  vessel  being  engaged  in  the  survey  of 
the  Florida  coast,  with  headquarters  at  Pen- 
sacola.       During    the     excitement    of     annex- 


ing Texas  to  the  United  States  they  carried 
Waddy  Thompson  from  Pensaeola  to  Vera  Cruz 
with  important  dispatches  to  Santa  Ana,  tlie 
President  of  Mexico,  who  then  proclaimed  that 
if  Texas  were  annexed  war  would  be  declared 
against  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  which  led  up  to 
the  war  of  1846. 

Having  contracted  malaria  along  the  southern 
coast,  young  Kellogg  returiied  to  his  old  home 
in  Ohio  in  1845,  and  while  being  treated  he  be- 
came interested  and  engaged  in  the  study  of 
medicine,  which  he  pursued  in  the  office  of  Dr. 
John  Sayles,  an  eclectic  practitioner  in  Berlin; 
and,  later,  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the 
homeopathic  college  in  Cleveland.  In  1848  he 
went  to  Hillsdale  county,  Michigan,  for  his 
health,  engaging  in  the  sawmill  business  and 
continuing  the  study  of  medicine.  In  1850  he 
returned  to  Berlin  and,  after  another  course  of 
lectures  in  Cleveland,  entered  into  practice  with 
Dr.  Sayles.  Removing  to  Concord,  Michigan, 
he  there  followed  his  profession  until  the  spring 
of  1852. 

At  that  time,  because  of  continued  ill  health 
and  severity  of  climate,  he  decided  to  come  to 
the  Puget  Sound  country,  about  which  he  had 
heard  and  read  much.  Arrangements  were  then 
perfected  and  in  April  he  started  with  his  wife 
and  family  across  the  plains,  with  two  wagons, 
six  yoke  of  oxen  and  some  loose  cattle.  The 
train  numbered  about  sixteen  wagons  and  forty 
people,  under  the  command  of  James  Olds,  who 
had  crossed  the  plains  in  1851.  Much  sickness 
was  experienced  upon  the  journey  and  they 
made  frequent  stoppages  to  relieve  the  afflicted. 
The  Doctor  started  out  with  a  large  stock  of 
medicine,  which  stood  him  in  good  stead,  and 
by  his  skillful  treatment  in  malaria  and  typhoid 
cases  there  was  but  one  death  in  his  company. 
As  the  journey  progressed  they  were  frequently 
annoyed  by  the  insults  and  depredations  from 
the  reckless  and  irresponsible  young  men  who 
were  trying  to  beg  and  steal  transportation. 
These  troubles  came  to  a  climax  at  Salmon  Falls, 
on  Snake  river,  where  William  Pierce,  a  repu- 
table emigrant,  was  shot  by  one  Donahoo.  The 
latter  was  suspected,  arrested,  tried  and  convicted 
to  be  shot,  after  which  he  confessed  the  crime. 
Ee  was  then  taken  to  the  body  of  his  victim. 
Six  guns  were  loaded, — a  part  with  blank  cart- 
ridges,— six  men  were  selected  to  fire  them,  the 
murderer  was  killed,  and  both  he  and  his  victim 
were  buried  in  the  same  grave!  This  treatment 
produced  a  salutary  effect,  and    thereafter  the 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTOIf. 


young  men  were  respectful  and  orderly.  Duly 
arriving  at  the  Dalles,  they  proceeded  by  the 
river  to  the  Cascades  and  were  there  caught  in 
a  pnow  storm,  reiiiaining  for  three  weeks  in  ■ 
tents,  while  all  their  animals  died  from  expos- 
ure and  starvation.  The  journey  was  then  con- 
tinued by  flat  boats  to  Vancouver,  arriving  in 
November,  1852,  nearly  eight  months  after  the 
date  of  starting.  Captain  U.  S.  Grant,  after- 
ward President  of  the  United  States,  was.  then 
in  command  at  Vancouver. 

Dr.  Kellogg  had  made  such  a  reputation  by 
his  skillful  practice  upon  the  plains  tliat  he  was 
offered  §-1:  per  mile  for  fees  if  lie  would  atteud 
the  sick  of  the  locality,  and  he  followed  his  pro- 
fession during  the  winter.  In  the  spring  of 
1853  he  joined  a  small  company,  dug  out  a 
canoe,  and,  leaving  his  family  provided  for, 
started  for  Whidby  island,  Tuget  Sound,  by 
the  Columbia  and  Cowlitz  rivers.  Arriving  at 
Olympia  and  learning  of  the  Indian  troubles 
furtiier  north,  he  decided  to  locate  on  South 
bay,  near  Olympia,  and  sent  for  his  family.  Be- 
fore filing  his  claim,  he  learned  of  the  fertility 
of  the  Whidby  island,  went  up  to  look  over  the 
country,  and  in  the  fall  of  1853  moved  his 
family  to  that  point  and  located  his  donation 
claim,  320  acres.  September  22,  1853,  he  set 
the  first  stakes  for  his  cabin  by  the  setting  sun 
on  what  is  now  known  as  Admiralty  Head, 
where  the  lighthouse  now  stands.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  by  circumstances  was 
forced  into  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery, 
which  he  followed  very  successfully  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  During  the  Indian  troubles  of 
1855  many  depredations  were  committed  and 
his  life  was  thi-eatened ;  so  he  removed  his  family 
to  Port  Gamble,  where  he  continued  his  prac- 
tice, returning  to  the  island  after  peace  was  de- 
clared. In  1870  he  moved  to  Seattle  to  educate 
his  children,  and  since  then  has  traveled  back 
and  forth  as  circumstances  directed.  His  farm 
has  been  increased  by  purchase  to  360  acres, 
and  is  now  managed  by  his  son,  Albert  II.  The 
soil  is  very  productive,  averaging  thirty-three 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  and  about  250 
bushels  of  potatoes. 

He  was  married  in  Litchfield,  Hillsdale 
county,  Michigan,  in  1849,  to  Miss  Caroline 
Terry,  a  native  of  New  York,  who  died  in  Jan- 
uary, 1891.  They  had  four  children,  two  of 
whom  survive,  Albert  H.  and  Alice,  the  latter 
being  the  wife  of  li.  II.  Denny,  of  the  banking 
house  of  De.xter,  Ilorton  &  Co. 


Dr.  Kellogg  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
besides  filling  several  of  the  county  offices  served 
one  term  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1889.  He  is  a  man  of  genial  disposition  and 
sound  judgment,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances. 


f^^ 


'^^-^^^ 


1 


HE  STEAMEPv  FLY EK.— This  is  the 
fastest  vessel  that  plies  the  water  of  Puget 
Sound,  and  is  considered  the  peer,  in  point 
of    speed,  of  any  steamer  on   the  Pacific 


She  began  her  trips  in  the  interest  of  the 
Columbia  Iliver  and  Puget  Sound  Navigation 
Company,  in  1891.  The  first  man  to  command 
her  in  Puget  Sound  waters  was  Captain  Harry 
Struvc.  After  a  few  months  the  boat  was  laid 
off,  but  on  May  14,  1892,  she  resumed  her 
trips,  under  command  of  Captain  John  Jordi- 
son,  the  present  commander.  While  lying  in 
the  dock  at  Seattle,  June  14,  1892,  she  caught 
fire  and  burned  down  to  the  deck;  was  rebuilt, 
however,  and.  by  September  10,  1892,  was  again 
in  running  order.  Since  that  date  the  boat  has 
been  in  regular  operation  between  Tacoma  and 
Seattle,  a  distance  of  twenty-seven  and  a  half 
miles,  making  a  number  of  trips  each  day,  and 
each  trip  requiring  only  an  hour  and  thirty 
minutes.  The  docking  of  this  vessel  at  these 
two  cities  is  on  schedule  time,  being  as  regular 


as  any  passenger  train  on  a  well-i-egulated   rail- 
road.    This  pu 
fact  that  the  boat  is  manned  in  its  every  depart- 


punctuality  is  accounted  for  by  the 


ment  by  picked  men;  but  the  machinery,  of 
course,  has  much  to  do  with  her  work.  The 
engines  wei'e  l)ni]t  by  the  Naefie  &  Leery  Com- 
pany, of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  are  of 
the  triple-expan.siun  type,  of  recent  design,  con- 
sisting of  one  high-pressure  cylinder,  twenty- 
one  inches  in  diameter,  one  intermediate  cylin- 
der, thirty-three  inches,  and  one  low-pressure 
cylinder,  fifty-four  inches,  with  a  common  stroke 
of  thirty  inches.  The  wheel  is  of  manganese 
bronze,  eleven  feet  in  diameter,  and  having  a 
pitch  of  sixteen  and  a  half  feet.  The  engines 
at  full  power  indicate  1,735  iiorse-power.  Steam 
is  supplied  by  one  boiler  of  the  locomotive  type, 
which  has  a  gi'ate  surface  of  100  feet  and  a 
heating  surface  of  4,700  feet.  It  steams  with  a 
natural  draught.     Wood  is  the  fuel  used. 


656 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


The  officers  of  the  Flyer  are  as  follows:  Cap- 
tain, John  Jordison;  pilot,  Harry  Carter;  first 
officer,  Isaac  Ellison;  chief  engineer,  Samuel 
Sutton;  first  assistant  engineer,  Mr.  Short; 
purser,  A.  J.  Taylor;  and  steward,  Mr.  Knox. 

Captain  John  Jordison  was  born  in  York- 
shire, England,  and  was  reared  in  Sunderland, 
county  of  Durham.  He  went  to  sea  at  the  age 
of  nine  years;  at  twelve  was  apprenticed  on  the 
ship  Atlielbut;  went  to  San  Francisco,  and 
thence  to  Bunow's  inlet;  was  five  or  six  years 
in  deep-sea  sailing,  all  over  the  world;  came 
into  Puget  Sound  service  in  1876,  and  has  since 
continued  here.  He  was  in  succession  captain 
of  the  following  boats:  Maggie,  George  E. Starr, 
Hasslo,  Emma  Hayward,  Sehome,  North  Pa- 
cific, Olympia,  Bailey  Gatzert,  Idaho,  Bailey 
Gatzert  again,  Fleetwood,  and  finally  of  the 
splendid  Flyer.  The  first  named  in  this  list 
was  a  schooner,  all  the  rest  being  steamers. 
Captain  Jordison  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Brotherhood  of  Steamboat  Pilots,  and  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  ablest  commanders  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Captain  Harry  Carter,  pilot  of  the  Flyer,  was 
born  near  Kingston,  New  Brunswick,  and  was 
reared  at  Lockhaven,  Pennsylvania.  He  spent 
one  year  in  AYisconsin,  then  came  to  Puget 
Sound,  and  became  a  deck  hand  on  the  Alida, 
following  with  similar  service  on  several  boats. 
Subsequently  he  was  made  watchman,  and  finally 
became  mate  on  the  George  E.  Starr.  In  the 
capacity  of  mate  he  served  in  Puget  Sound  and 
Columbia  river  waters  on  the  following  vessels: 
North  Pacific,  Idaho,  Emma  Hayward,  Hasslo, 
State  of  Washington,  T.  J.  Potter  and  Sehome. 
On  the  last  named  vessel  he  first  became  pilot, 
qualifying  in  1886;  later  served  as  such  on  the 
Skagit  Chief,  P'air  Haven  (of  which  he  became 
captain,  serving  until  he  was  laid  up),  North 
Pacific,  Mollie  Bleaker,  State  of  Washington, 
Bailey  Gatzert,  and  since  September  14,  1892, 
has  been  pilot  on  the  Flyer.  He  is  also  captain 
of  the  Fleetwood,  the  Sunday  boat.  He  be- 
longs to  Puget  Sound  Harbor,  No.  16,  Ameri- 
can Brotherhood  of  Steamboat  Pilots,  Seattle. 

Isaac  Ellison,  first  officer  of  the  Flyer,  is  a 
native  of  Liverpool,  England,  born  in  1848,  and 
reared  there.  Since  1862  he  has  been  identified 
with  navigation.  He  came  to  San  Francisco  on 
the  Ellen  Norton  in  1863,  and  steamboated  on 
the  river  to  Sacramento  on  the  Chrysopholis; 
for  some  time  he  ran  in  the  coast  trade,  on  the 
side-wheeler  California,  to  Mexico,  and  on  the 


old  Corneilian  and  Paul  Pry,  to  Stockton;  and 
to  Sacramento  on  the  Chrysopholis,  Amador, 
Yoseraite  and  Capitol.  In  1867  he  went  to 
Oregon,  and  thence,  on  the  John  L.  Stephens, 
to  Sitka  with  the  United  States  soldiers,  where 
he  witnessed  the  raising  of  the  American  flag 
over  Alaska.  He  navigated  the  Oregon  liver, 
making  a  few  trips  to  Alaska  on  the  George  S. 
AVright,  Little  California,  and  Gussie  Telfair; 
ran  oi*the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's 
boats.  Couch,  Julia,  Okanagom,  Fannie Throop, 
Dixie  Thompson,  R.  K.  Thompson,  Mountain 
Queen,  Little  Idaho,  Governor  Grover,  Yakima, 
Wide  West,  Reed,  Hayward,  Willamette  Chief, 
and  others.  During  that  time  he  was  off  and 
on  between  the  Sound  and  Columbia  river  and 
San  I'rancisco.  He  has  been  continuously  on 
the  Sound  since  1882,  and  has  served  as  mate 
on  the  George  E.  Starr,  North-  Pacific,  T.  J. 
Potter,  Hayward,  Hasslo,  Sehome,  City  of  Seat- 
tle, State  of  Washington,  Skagit  Chief,  Fair 
Haven,  Fannie  Lake,  Olympia,  Idaho,  Qiiincy, 
Anderson,  Little  Washington,  and  since  Sep- 
tember 2,  1892,  he  has  been  in  his  present  posi- 
tion on  the  Flyer.  He  has  navigated  the  Pa- 
cific coast  waters  from  Cape  Horn  to  Alaska. 

Samuel  Sutton,  chief  engineer  of  the  Flyer, 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  1883,  from  the 
ship-building  firm  of  John  Roach  &  Sons,  Ches- 
ter, Pennsylvania.  He  has  since  been  employed 
by  the  Pacific  Mail  and  Pacific  Coast  Steamship 
Companies  as  first  assistant  engineer,  and  later 
by  the  Oregon  Improvement  Company  as  chief 
engineer.  After  the  loss  of  the  steamship  East- 
ern Oregon,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Columbia 
River  and  Puget  Sound  Navigation  Company 
to  be  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  Flyer.  Mr. 
Sutton  is  recognized  by  his  fellow-officers  and 
employers  as  having  no  superior  in  his  line  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  His  practical  education  covers 
a  wide  range,  from  the  manufacture  of  the 
machinery  to  the  handling  of  every  portion  of 
it,  and  his  love  for  reading  on  the  subject  has 
given  him  a  fine  technical  knowledge  of  his 
profession. 

Mr.  Sutton  is  ably  assisted  by  Thomas  Short, 
an  efficient  engineer  and  machinist. 

A.  J.  Taylor,  the  purser  of  the  Flyer,  was 
born  at  Newtown,  Connecticut,  May  16,  1858, 
and  is  a  son  of  Alonzo  and  Elizabeth  (Mantz) 
Taylor.  He  was  reared  there  and  received  his 
education  at  Newtown  Academy.  After  leaving 
school  he  clerked  in  a  store  in  his  native  town, 
was  subsequently  employed  in  a  similar  capacity 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


at  Bridgeport,  and  in  1883  engaged  iu  business 
for  himself  at  Norwich,  running  a  wholesale 
and  retail  l)Ook  and  stationery  establishment, 
and  also  manufacturing  blank  books.  In  1888 
he  sold  out,  and  as  commercial  traveler  was  em- 
ployed by  F.  E.  James  &  Co.,  New  York,  with 
whom  he  remained  until  July,  1891.  The  fol- 
lowing October  he  landed  at  Pnget  Sound.  lie 
fitted  up  the  Flyer  at  Portland  for  the  Sound 
service.  He  was  purser  on  the  Bailey  Gatzert 
while  waiting  for  the  Flyer's  arrival,  and  when 
the  latter  boat  came  up  he  became  her  purser. 
He  has  since  remained  purser,  and  has  alternated 
between  the  Flyer  and  the  Bailey  Gatzert. 

Mr.  Knox,  the  steward  of  the  Flyer,  although 
still  a  young  man,  has  had  several  years'  e.xperi- 
ence  at  sea,  and  has  sailed  all  over  the  globe. 
He  is  especially  fitted,  both  by  nature  and  by 
training,  for  the  steamboat  service. 


--^€®n[iv--^ 


i)  ICIIARD  HYATT  LANSDALE,  M.D., 
Yr\^    of  Olympia,  Washington,  is  ranked  with 
I     ^   the  Pacific  coast  pioneers  of  1849. 
■r/  He  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 

Maryland,  December  23,  1811,  son  of  liichard 
and  Jemima  (Hyatt)  Lansdale,  natives  of  the 
same  State,  where  their  ancestors  had  long  I'e- 
sided.  Richard  Lansdale  was  a  carpenter  by 
trade,  but  was  chiefly  engaged  in  the  milling 
business.  In  1816  he  removed  to  Champaign 
county,  Ohio,  and  built  a  flour  mill,  which  he 
continued  to  operate  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Richard  H.  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of 
ten  years,  and  was  then  placed  with  Roswell 
Sabin,  M.  I).,  of  Troy,  Ohio,  who  gave  him  a 
liberal  education  in  the  sciences,  languages  and 
medicine.  He  attended  lectures  at  the  Medical 
College  of  Cincinnati,  a  branch  of  the  Miami 
University,  and  afterward  commenced  practice 
with  Dr.  Sabin,  continuing  with  him  until  1834, 
when  he  located  at  Warsaw,  the  county  seat  of 
Kosciusko  county,  Indiana.  Dr.  Lansdale  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  town,  helped  to  lay 
it  out,  and  conducted  a  general   practice   there. 

He  was  married  at  Troy,  Ohio,  in  1838,  to 
Miss  Mary  Culbertson,  and  in  1840,  on  account 
of  his  wife's  failing  health,  they  left  Wai-saw 
and  returned  to  Troy,  where  she  died  in  1841. 

In  1843  Dr.  Lansdale  removed  to  Maumee 
City,  Ohio,  where  he  resided   until  1846,  when 


he  decided  to  come  to  Oregon,  which  at  that 
time  embraced  the  entire  Northwest.  Reach- 
ing Mt.Carmel,  Illinois,  he  there  made  a  sojonrn 
of  one  year,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. Then  he  went  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri, 
and  there  joined  the  Missouri  battalion  of 
mounted  volunteers,  which  was  sent  to  the 
frontier  to  relieve  the  "  Mounted  Rifles,"  during 
the  latter's  absence  while  participating  in  the 
Mexican  war.  The  Doctor  was  paid  oft'  and  dis- 
charged in  the  fall  of  1848,  and  passed  the 
winter  at  Fort  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  In  the  spring 
of  1849  he  joined  a  California  emigrant  party 
and  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  via  Salt 
Lake  (-'ity,  to  Sacramento,  where  they  arrived 
in  the  fall.  The  gold  mines  oft'ered  no  induce- 
ment to  the  Doctor,  as  his  objective  point  was 
Oregon,  and  he  proceeded  by  the  first  ship  to 
San  Francisco,  thence  by  first  ship  to  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  crossing  the  Columbia  bar  October 
24,  1849.  The  headwaters  of  the  Puget  Sound 
being  the  Mecca  of  his  pilgrimage,  he  proceeded 
up  the  river;  but  finding  no  guide  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Cowlitz  river  he  continued  his  journey 
to  Portland,  and  thence  to  La  Fayette,  where  he 
passed  the  winter.  In  January,  1850,  he  crossed 
the  Columbia  river  and  bought  160  acres  of 
land,  and  thereon  platted  the  town  of  Vancouver, 
had  a  sale  of  lots,  and  opened  an  ofiice  for  the 
practice  of  medicine.  He  was  appointed  Post- 
master, the  first  postmaster  north  of  the  Colum- 
bia river.  He  helped  organize  Clarke  county, 
and  was  its  first  County  Auditor.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1850,  he  started  for  the  Sound  cou?itry,  and 
landed  at  Olympia  in  January,  1851,  this  city 
then  being  composed  of  only  a  vei-y  few  houses. 
The  Doctor  continued  his  journey  down  the 
Sound,  and  took  a  claim  of  320  acres  of  Whidby 
island,  under  the  donation  law.  He  located  the 
town  of  Coveland,  which  became  the  county 
seat  and  which  was  subsequently  changed  to 
Coupeville.  He  helped  organize  Island  county, 
and  followed  a  general  practice  until  1854,  when 
he  was  appointed  Indian  Agent  by  President 
Pierce,  and  held  the  ofiice  for  six  years. 

In  1861  Government  business  called  Dr. 
Lansdale  to  the  East,  whence  he  returned  in  the 
spring  of  1862  and  settled  at  The  Dalles,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  served  as  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  for  two  years.  Again  he  went  East  to 
make  final  settlement  as  Indian  Agent,  which 
settlement  eventuated  in  his  receiving  over 
$10,000,  the  balance  found  due  him.  While 
attending  to  this  settlement,  he  attended  lectures 


nrsTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


in  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  in  which  scliool  he  grad- 
uated in  1867. 

Returning  to  Oregon,  he  practiced  two  years 
at  Dayton,  then  went  to  Tacoma,  Washington, 
and  established  himself  in  his  profession.  He 
also  bought  a  land  claim  in  King  county.  In 
1873  he  was  appointed  physician  to  tlie  Skoho- 
mish  Indians,  remaining  as  sucii  till  1876,  when 
he  returned  to  Olympia,  and  the  following  year 
built  his  present  residence.  In  1879  he  was 
physician  in  charge  at  the  Quinaiult  Indian 
agency,  and  served  one  year.  Retiring  from 
active  practice  in  1880,  he  has  since  devoted  his 
time  to  the  care  of  his  property  interests. 

Dr.  Lansdale  was  married  at  Oregon  City, 
September  12,  1860,  to  Mary,  eldest  daughter 
of  Charles  Pope,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1851, 
who  came  to  the  coast  from  New  York  city 
around  Cape  Horn,  on  the  bark  Coloma.  Mr. 
Pope  conducted  a  mercantile  business,  and  was 
favorably  known  throughout  the  State.  Fol- 
lowing are  the  names  of  the  children  of  our 
subject:  Mary  P.,  wife  of  Clayton  Aldrich; 
Charles  T.;  George  H.,  deceased;  and  Annie 
E.,  wife  of  Judge  M.  A.  Root. 

The  Doctor  and  his  genial  wife  have  been 
members  of  the  Methodist  Church  since  cliild- 
hood,  and,  sweetened  by  its  holy  influences,  they 
have  borne  the  burdens  of  pioneer  life,  and  are 
worthy  types  of  those  strong,  resolute  characters 
who  did  so  much  toward  developing  the  great 
Northwest. 


/T^  ODFREY  WELLER  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
I  T|-  many,  and  was  born  in  Wurtemburg, 
>5>j     Oberambt,    Marbach,    town   of  Hof  and 

~^  Lembach,  on  December  13,  1838.  His 
parents  were  George  and  Dorothea  (Falin) 
Weller,  both  of  whom  died  in  Wurtemburg. 
Until  fourteen  years  of  age  Godfrey  lived  with 
liis  parents,  receiving  his  preliminary  education 
and  afterwai'd  working  on  iiis  fathei's  farm. 

In  1858  he  sailed  from  Liverpool  on  the  ship 
Meader  to  Australia,  and  landed  in  Melbourne, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  Bendigo,  where  he 
learned  the  butcher's  trade  from  his  oldest 
brother,  Henry.  In  1864  he  went  to  California 
and  worked  on  a  farm  in  Alameda  county,  but 
soon  secured  empluyment  at  his  trade,  engaging 
with  James  Asburg,  at  Woodland,  Yolo  county. 
He  finally  came  to  Steilacoom,  Washington,  in 


January,  1871,  by  the  way  of  Victoria,  and  there 
engaged  in  the  butchering  business,  in  company 
with  his  brother  George,  with  whom  he  con- 
tinued for  a  year  and  a  half.  He  then  went  to 
old  Tacoma,  and  was  there  enrployed  as  butcher 
for  Dooly  &  Chambers.  While  thus  associated 
he  delivered  the  tir.st  meat  into  the  so-called 
New  Tacoma,  the  same  having  been  ordered  by 
a  Mr.  Vinning,  who  opened  the  first  meat 
market  in  the  new  town.  Our  subject  returned 
to  Steilacoom,  where  lie  again  engaged  in  the 
butchering  business  in  partnership  with  his 
brother,  and  whe2-e  he  remained  for  five  years, 
when  he  moved  out  on  to  a  farm  with  his 
brother-in-law,  J.  Lu tiger.  He  then  worked 
for  a  time  at  Carbonado,  where  he  carried  on  a 
butchering  business  for  the  coal  company.  He 
finally  returned  to  Tacoma,  where  he  has  since 
resided, 

Mr.  Weller  has  been  very  successful  in  his 
investments.  Fifteen  years  ago  he  purchased 
real  estate  in  Tacoma,  and  in  1889  he  sold,  for 
a  consideration  of  $1,000,  one  lot  for  which  he 
had  originally  paid  only  $250. 

He  was  mai-ried  in  Steilacoom,  May  2,  1874, 
to  Miss  Anna  Lutiger,  a  native  of  Cam,  canton 
Zug,  Switzerland.  They  have  three  sons:  God- 
frey, George  and  Otto. 


H.  ROBERTS,  the  present  (1892) 
Clerk  of  Thurston  county,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Toronto,  Canada,  in 
June,  1838.  His  parents,  John  and  Helen  (John- 
son) Roberts,  were  natives  of  Ireland  and  Scot- 
land respectively,  immigrating  to  Toronto  about 
1835,  where  Mr.  Roberts  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business,  which  he  followed  through  life. 
W.  H.  Roberts  remained  with  his  parents  until 
his  sixteenth  year,  improving  the  educational 
advantages  offered  him  in  that  city,  and  secur- 
ing a  liberal  musical  education. 

In  1851  the  subject  of  our  sketch  started  out 
in  life  for  himself.  He  visited  the  United 
States,  passing  his  time  in  many  places  and  in 
various  occupations  until  1863,  when  he  receiv- 
ed direct  information  regarding  the  mining 
prospects  of  Montana.  He  was  among  the  first 
to  visit  Virginia  City,  arriving  there  before  any 
improvements  were  perfected.  He  was  engaged 
in  placer  mining  until  January,  1864,  when  he 
was  taken  sick  and  the  physicians  ordered  him 


HTSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


to  California.*  The  long  intervening  distance 
he  successfully  traversed  with  a  mule  teann, 
arriving  at  San  Francisco  with  improved  health. 
There  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  California 
A'oluiiteer  Infantry,  was  sent  to  Arizona  and 
took  part  in  the  war  against  the  Apaches.  In 
June,  1865,  the  forces  were  ordered  to  return 
to  San  Francisco,  and  were  mustered  out  at  the 
presidio. 

Locating  in  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Roberts  was 
there  engaged  as  an  instructor  in  instrumental 
music  until  1872.  That  year  he  came  to 
Olympia,  and,  being  pleased  with  the  town  and 
sun-oundings,  at  once  decided  to  settle  here,  and 
here  he  continued  as  a  music  teacher.  In  1879, 
at  the  urgent  request  of  prominent  friends  in 
Port  Townsend,  lie  went  to  that  place  and  taught 
a  special  class  in  nmsic  one  year.  While  there 
he  was  appointed  chief  clerk  in  the  custom- 
house, continuing  in- that  office  until  a  change 
of  administration,  when  he  resigned.  At  the 
convening  of  the  Legislature  at  Olympia,  in 
1881,  he  was  engaged  as  special  correspondent 
of  the  Oregonian  and  Associated  Press  in  re- 
porting legislative  proceedings.  After  the  ad- 
journment of  the  Legislature  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Collector  of  internal  Revenue,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  that  office  about  two  years. 
Again  resuming  his  profession  of  music  in- 
structor, he  continued  the  same  until  1890. 
That  year  he  was  elected  by  the  Republican 
party  to  the  office  of  Clerk  of  Thurston  county, 
and  also  a  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1892. 

He  was  married  at  Olympia,  in  February, 
1891,  to  Mrs.  S.  M.  1'.  Jones,  a  native  of 
Tennessee.  They  reside  on  the  corner  of  Water 
and  Capital  avenues,  where  they  have  recently 
completed  a  handsome  cottage  home. 

Socially  Mr.  Roberts  affiliates  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  R.  S.  G.  F.  and  G.  A.  R.,  being 
also  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 


ni     B.  COWLES,  of  Olympia,  Washington, 
//_|\     was  born  in  Belloua,  Yates  county.  New 
If^   York,  in  December,  1842.     His  ancestry 
V  came  from  the  north  of  England.     John 

Cowles,  the  first  representative  of  the  family  in 
America,  emigrated  to  the  New  World  about 
1630,  and   settled  in  Connecticut.     From  him 


have  descended  men  who  attained  prominence 
in  the  professions  of  law,  medicine  and  the 
ministry. 

The  father  of  our  subject,  Zalnion  J.  Cowles, 
was  born  in  Connecticut  and  learned  the  trade 
of  cabitietmaker.  He  was  married  in  Geneva, 
New  York,  to  Miss  Sarah  Huber,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  and  of  German  descent.  They 
resided  in  Bellona  till  1855,  when  they  moved 
to  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.  There  Mr.  Cowles 
purchased  a  sawmill  and  engaged  in  the  naanu- 
facture  of  shingles  and  lumber.  In  1857  he  re- 
moved to  Rochester,  Minnesota,  and  established 
a  furniture  manufactory,  which  he  continued  to 
operate  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1884. 

A.  B.  Cowles  was  educated  in  the  Grand 
Rapids  high  school  ami  took  a  business  course 
at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  commercial  college  at 
Chicago.  With  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in 
1861,  he,  with  his  father  and  brother,  T.  Z. 
Cowles,  enli.-ted  in  the  Second  Minnesota  Regi- 
ment, and  all  were  assigned  to  the  regimental 
band.  The  regiment  served  in  the  Western 
Department,  under  General  George  H.  Thomas, 
their  first  battle  being  at  Mill  Springs,  Ken- 
tucky. In  April,  1862,  after  the  battle  of 
Pittsburg  Landing,  all  regimental  bands  were 
mustered  out  by  order  of  General  Buell,  and 
Mr.  Cowles  and  sons  returned  home.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  then  appointed  Deputy 
Postmaster  at  Rochester,  and  continued  as  such 
till  the  fall  of  1863,  when  he  went  to  Chatta- 
nooga and  was  in  the  Post  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment, being  there  during  the  battle  of  Mis- 
sion Ridge.  January  1,  1864,  he  went  to  Bowl- 
ing Green,  Kentucky,  into  an  office  of  a  similar 
department,  and  in  December,  1864,  he  went  to 
the  field  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  to  the  head- 
quarters of  the  First  Division,  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps,  General  A.  J.  Smith  in  command.  After 
the  battle  of  Nashville  the  army  went  up  the 
Tennesce  river  to  Easfport.  Mississippi,  and  in 
January,  1865,  to  New  Orleans;  thence  to 
Mobile  bay,  where  he  was  stationed  during  the 
capture  of  Spanish  Fort  and  Mobile.     In  April, 

1865,  the  command  moved  to  Selma,  Alabama, 
and  Mr.  Cowles  continued  in  the  Commissary 
Department  till  January,  1866. 

He  was  married   at   SL-lma,  Alabama,  May  5, 

1866,  to  Miss  Kate,  dau-htiMot  James  D.  Monk, 
a  prominent  planter  and  wholesale  grocer  of  that 
city.  Mr.  Cowles  and  wife  returned  to  Roch- 
ester, Minnesota.  He  engaged  in  the  furni- 
ture business  with  his  father   until  December, 


MI  STOUT    OF     WASHtNQTOK. 


1869,  when  he  went  to  Chicago  and  accepted 
the  appointment  of  Deputy  Recorder  of  Cook 
county.  In  June,  1873,  he  came  to  Olympia 
with  Captain  William  McMicken,  Surveyor 
General  of  Washington  Territory,  as  chief  clerk, 
and  continued  in  that  position  up  to  the  Cleve- 
land administration,  being  with  General  Mc- 
Micken, then  serving  under  J.  C.  Breckinridge 
until  1887,  when  he  resigned.  He  then  filled 
the  office  of  Deputy  County  Auditor  tillAugust, 
1889,  when  he  again  entered  the  office  of  the 
Surveyor  General  under  T.  H.  Cavanaugh,  con- 
tinuing with  him  and  his  successor,  Amos  F. 
Shaw,  to  the  present  date. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cowles  have  four  children: 
Annie,  Harry  D.,  Helen  A.  and  J.  Tod.  Annie 
is  the  wife  of  Colonel  Charles  E.  Claypool,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  Tacoma. 

During  the  sessions  of  the  last  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Washington,  Mr.  Cowles  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Council.  He  is  a  promi- 
nent Mason,  is  Past  High  Priest  of  Olympia 
Eoyal  Arch  Chapter,  No.  7,  and  was  a  charter 
member  of  the  Olympia  Commandery,  JMo.  7, 
Knights  Templar,  of  which  he  was  elected  the 
first  Recorder,  and  is  still  discharging  the  duties 
of  tiiat  office.  He  is  Past  Post  Commander  of 
George  H.  Thomas  Post,  No.  5,  G.  A.  R.  In 
every  sense  he  is  a  representative  man  of  the 
city  of  Olympia. 


[ON.  RICHARD  A.  BALLINGER, 
i  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Jefferson 
41  county,  AVashington,  was  born  in  Boones- 
boro,  Iowa,  July  9,  1858.  His  parents, 
Richard  H.  and  Mary  E.  (Norton)  Ballinger,  of 
AVelsh-Scotch  descent,  were  natives  of  Kentucky 
and  New  York,  respectively.  The  Ballinger 
ancestry  were  of  Revolutionary  fame,  while 
Colonel  Richard  Ballinger,  and  son.  grandfather 
and  uncle  respectively  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  filled  in  turn  the  office  of  Clerk  of  Knox 
county,  Kentucky,  for  upward  of  fifty  consecu- 
tive years.  William  Pitt  Ballinger,  a  distin- 
guished lawyer  of  Galveston,  Texas,  belong  to 
the  same  family. 

Richard  H.  Ballinger,  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was,  in  early  manhood,  brought 
to  Greene  county,  Illinois,  by  Justice  Miller, 
and  he  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Abraham 
Lincoln.     After  his  admission  to  the  bar,  he  en- 


tered into  practice  at  Des  Moifies,  Iowa,  and 
later  at  Boonesboro.  During  the  late  Civil 
war,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A  of  the  Third 
Illinois  Cavalry,  in  which  he  became  Sergeant 
and  by  subsequent  promotion  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Captain.  He  then  organized  the  Fifty-third 
United  States  Infantry  of  colored  troops,  of 
which  regiment  he  was  Colonel.  He  partici- 
pated actively  in  the  Vicksburg  and  Curtis 
campaigns  and  also  that  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  under  General  Grant.  After  his  final  dis- 
charge, Col.  Ballinger  settled  in  Nilwood,  Illi- 
nois, and  engaged  in  the  sheep  business.  After 
President  Grant's  inauguration,  lie  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster  at  Virden,  Illinois,  which 
office  he  held  for  six  years.  He  then  removed 
to  Pawnee  county,  Kansas,  where  be  engaged  in 
the  cattle  business,  becoming  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  town  of  Larned,  and  for  several  years 
editing  the  Chronoscope.  He  was  very  active 
in  Republican  politics,  by  which  party  he  was 
elected  Journal  Clerk  of  the  State  Legislature, 
serving  in  that  position  as  in  every  other,  with 
honor  and  ability.  In  1884  he  removed  to 
Chicago  and  thence,  in  1888,  to  Decatur,  Ala- 
bama, and  engaged  in  the  industrial  develop- 
ment of  the  town.  In  1890  he  followed  the 
Star  of  Empire  to  Port  Townsend,  Washington, 
which  has  ever  since  been  his  home  and  where 
he  is  engaged  in  the  law  and  collection  busi- 
ness, in  the  enjoyment  of  prosperity  and  iini- 
versal  esteem. 

Hon.  Richard  A.  Ballinger,  a  chip  of  the 
granite  block,  was  primarily  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Illinois,  after  which  he  prepared  for 
college  at  the  State  University  of  Kansas  and 
Washburn  College,  at  Topeka.  Then,  acting 
on  the  advice  of  Senator  Ingalls,  in  1880  he  en- 
tered Williams  College,  at  AVilliamstown,  Mas- 
sachusetts, at  which  he  graduated,  in  1884,  with 
the  degree  of  B.  A.,  being  one  of  the  orators  of 
his  class.  Following  this,  he  entered  the  office 
of  Messrs.  Jndd  &  Whitehouse,  of  Chicago, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  study  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  in 
January,  1886.  Succeeding  this,  he  settled  in 
Kankakee,  Illinois,  and  entered  on  the  active 
practice  of  his  profession,  shortly  afterward  be- 
ing elected  City  Attorney,  which  office  he  held 
until  1888.  He  then  resigned  that  position  to 
go  to  Decatur,  Alabama,  and  was  shortly  after- 
ward elected  City  Attorney  of  New  Decatur, 
where  he  followed  a  general  law  practice.  In 
January,   1890,    he    came  to   Port    Townsend, 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


where  for  the  first  year  he  was  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Scott  &  Ealliiiger,  later  continuing 
his  practice  alone.  He  has  been  active  in  the 
courts  of  the  State  and  his  efforts  have  been  at- 
tended with  a  high  degree  of  success.  Indeed, 
his  experience  here  has  been  a  series  of  honor- 
able appointments  and  elections  to  responsible 
offices.  lie  was  appointed  United  States  Com- 
missioner of  the  Federal  Court,  by  Judge  Han- 
ford,  which  position  he  subsequently  resigned. 
In  the  fall  of  1892  he  became  the  nominee  of 
the  Republican  party  for  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Jefi'erson  county,  to  which  office  he  was 
duly  elected  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  is  now 
in  the  active  discharge  of  his  duties,  his  services 
being  characterized  by  judicial  skill,  impartial- 
ity and  honor. 

The  Judge  was  married  at  Lee,  Massachusetts, 
in  1887,  to  Miss  Julia  A.  Bradley,  and  they 
have  one  child,  Edward  B. 

It  has  been  wisely  said  that  a  State  cannot 
rise  higher  than  the  component  parts  of  its  civ- 
ilization, hence  the  cause  of  Washington's  phe- 
nomenal strides  in  commerce,  education;  gov- 
ernment and  morality,  may  be  attributed  to  the 
character  of  her  homes  and  private  indviduals. 
Of  the  latter,  Judge  Ballinger  is  a  representa- 
tive of  whom  all  may  justly  feel  proud,  as  com- 
bining in  himself  high  ability  and  incontrovert- 
ible honor. 


T'  N.  FORD,  a  resident  of  Olympia,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Marion  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  a  farm  four  miles  north  of  Salem, 
December  22,  1841.  His  parents,  John 
F.  and  Beda  A.  (Kaiser)  Ford,  were  natives  of 
North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  respectively,  and 
were  numbered  among  the  Oregon  pioneers  of 
1848,  having  been  members  of  the  first  train  of 
emigrants  who  brought  their  wagons  across  the 
mountains  beyond  Fort  Hall,  and  landed  them 
safely  at  the  Dalles.  The  wagons  were  then 
shipped  upon  flat-boats  down  the  Columbia 
river  to  Vancouver,  while  the  animals  were 
driven  across  the  mountains  by  the  Barlow 
trail.  Mr.  Ford  being  in  the  front  ranks  of 
emigration,  he  was  the  first  to  drive  a  four-wheel 
wagon  into  the  Willamette  valley.  He  located 
a  donation  claim  of  640  acres  four  miles  north 
of  Salem,  near  the  Willamette  river,  and  de- 
veloped a  fine  farm;  but  the  flood  of  ISGl  which 


swept  down  the  river,  ovei'flowing  the  countiy, 
destroying  fences  and  buildings,  and  carrying 
away  and  destroying  the  stock,  completely 
ruined  the  homestead  and  impoverished  the 
family.  Mr.  Ford  then  sold  his  remaining  in- 
terests and  with  his  two  elder  sons  went  to  the 
mines  of  Idaho  to  rebuild  his  lost  fortune. 
Meeting  with  some  success,  they  returned  in 
1863  and  purpchased  a  farm  south  of  Salem, 
and  once  more  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1867  Mr.  Ford  removed  to  Salem,  where  he 
passed  the  closing  years  of  his  life.  Though  he 
lived  the  quiet  life  of  a  farmer,  he  was  deeply 
interested  in  the  development  of  the  State,  and 
as  early  as  1850  built,  at  Salem,  the  Marion 
Hotel,  which  for  years  was  the  leading  hotel  of 
that  city.  He  was  also  interested  in  building 
the  old  Salem  woolen  mills,  one  of  the  early 
inanufactories  of  the  Willamette  valley. 

The  boyhood  of  T.  N.  Ford  was  passed  in  the 
varied  pursuits  of  farming  and  stock-raising, 
and  he  received  only  the  limited  advantages  of 
the  district  schools  of  pioneer  days.  He  accom- 
panied his  father  and  brother  to  the  Idaho  mines 
in  1862,  and  remained  upon  the  farm  till  1865, 
when  he  entered  the  Willamette  University  for 
a  collegiate  course  and  the  study  of  law.  He 
was  assistant  enrolling  clerk  in  the  Oregon 
Legislature  of  1866.  Failing  health  compelled 
him  to  withdraw  from  the  University  in  the 
winter  of  1867.  In  1868  he  .successfully 
taught  a  six  months'  school  in  the  village  of 
Monmouth,  Rolk  county,  and  there  laid  the 
crude  foundation  of  what  was  later  the  Mon- 
mouth College.  The  latter  part  of  the  same 
year  he  was  engaged  as  business  manager  of  tne 
mercantile  firm  of  Bell  &  Brown,  of  Dallas, 
Oregon,  which  jiosition  he  held  until  the  fall  of 
1870,  when  he  resigned  for  the  purpose  of 
making  a  t'inr  of  the  great  inland  sea  of  AYash- 
ington  Territory.  After  fully  satisfying  him- 
self of  the  future  greatness  of  the  Puget  Sound 
country,  he  settled  in  Olympia  and  entered  the 
store  of  Captain  S.  W.  Percival,  who,  at  that 
time,  was  one  of  the  leading  merchants  and 
business  men  of  Puget  Sound.  In  1877  he 
succeeded  Captain  Percival  and  established  the 
firm  of  T.  N.  Ford  &  Company,  in  the  general 
merchandise  business,  at  the  old  stand  at  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Main  streets,  and  contin- 
ued the  business  till  1886,  when  he  retired 
from  mercantile  life  and  engaged  in  the  real- 
estite,  loan  and  insurance  business,  which  he  is 
still  pursuing  at  115  West   Fourth  street. 


UlaTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


Mr.  Ford  is  prominently  connected  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  being  a  member  of  the  first  lodge 
(01ympia,No.  l)and  first  Encampment  (Alpha, 
Xo.  1)  established  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
Washington  Territory.  In  1879  he  was  elected 
Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Wash- 
ington, and  in  1881  was  elected  Grand  Repre- 
sentative for  the  terra  of  two  years,  and  attended 
the  sessions  of  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  in 
Cincinnati  the  same  year,  and  the  following 
year  the  session  in  Baltimore,  Maryland.  He 
was  appointed  and  confirmed  as  Territorial 
Treasurer  in  1882,  which  position  he  held  until 
April  21,  1886.  During  said  term  the  funds  of 
the  Territory  were  increased  from  comparatively 
nothing  to  the  magnificent  sum  of  $118,980.62. 
In  1887  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  of 
Thurston  county,  and  served  four  years,  his  par- 
ticular duty  being  the  collection  of  delinquent 
ta.xes,  in  which  he  was  very  successful. 

Mr.  Ford  was  married,  August  15,  1876,  to 
Miss  Georgiana  S.,  only  daughter  of  Captain  S. 
W.  Percival. 


ENERAL  ROSSELL  G.  O'BRIEN,  Ad- 
¥(■  jutant  General  of  the  State  of  Washing- 
d  ton,  and  in  1892  Mayor  of  Olympia,  a 
■^  widely  known  and  popular  public  man 
and  progressive  citizen,  was  born  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  November  27,  1846.  He  dates  his 
paternal  ancestry  back  to  Brian  Borough,  who 
figured  prominently  in  the  earliest  history  of 
beautiful,  but  ill-fated  Erin,  the  General,  how- 
ever, being  more  directly  descended  from  the 
Earl  of  Inchquin  branch  of  his  family.  His 
maternal  ancestry  traces  back  to  the  Stiiarts  of 
Scotland,  who  entered  Ireland  upon  their  ex- 
pulsion from  their  native  Highlands.  Exper- 
iencing financial  reverses,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  emigrated  with  his  family  to 
the  United  States  in  1850,  hoping  to  retrieve,  in 
its  broader  field  of  opportunities,  his  shattered 
fortunes.  He  proceeded  from  Xew  Orleans  to 
Cincinnati,  but  subsequently  purchased  several 
thousand  acres  of  land  in  Jersey  county,  Illi- 
nois. Not  being  a  practical  farmer,  he  after- 
ward sold  his  landed  possessions,  and  removed 
to  Jersey ville,  where,  in  1852,  he  paid  the  debt 
of  nature,  leaving  his  widow  and  four  children 
in  a  strange  land  in  reduced  circumstances. 
The   two   sons  were   then    placed  with   farmers, 


and  Mrs.  O'Brien  supported  the  daughters  by 
teaching  school  at  Carlinville  and  Springfield. 
The  farm  life  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
who  was  then  but  six  years  of  age,  was  e.xceed- 
ingly  irksome,  and  after  three  years  he  returned 
to  his  mother  and  attended  the  public  school 
for  two  yeai-s.  He  then  again  tried  farm  life 
in  Sangamon  county,  working  for  his  board  and 
clothes,  and,  the  farmer  being  very  poor,  the 
clothes  were  commensnrately  thin.  This  work 
to  a  child  of  his  teuder  years  seemed  endless 
and  excessively  laborious,  and  after  about  eigh- 
teen months  young  Rossell  again  returned  to 
his  mother,  with  whom  he  removed  to  Chicago 
about  1860.  He  there  secured  a  position  in 
a  prominent  retail  dry-goods  store,  where  he 
remained  about  two  years,  when  he  was  swept 
with  thousands  of  others  into  the  vortex  of 
civil  war. 

Previous  to  his  enlistment,  he  had  become  a 
member  of  the  celebrated  Ellsworth  Zouaves  of 
Chicago,  and  there  received  that  training  which 
fitted  him  for  a  lieutenancy  in  Company  D, 
One  Hundred  and  Thirthy-fourth  Ilinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  which  he  recruited,  and  of 
which  he  should,  by  right  of  that  service,  have 
been  elected  Captain,  lie  served  with  his  regi- 
ment in  the  district  of  west  Tennessee,  Depart- 
ment of  the  Tennessee;  district  of  western 
Kentucky,  Department  of  the  Ohio,  and  in  the 
campaign  against  the  rebel  General  Price  in  his 
famous  raid,  in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri 
in  1861.  Returning  to  Chicago  with  the  regi- 
ment, he  was  mustered  out  October  25,  1864, 
at  Camp  Fry. 

He  then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad  Company  as  receiving  clerk 
in  the  freight  department,  which  position  he 
filled  two  years,  when  he  engaged  with  George 
and  C.  W.  Sherwood,  publishers  of  school  books, 
and  manufacturers  of  school  furniture.  He 
remained  in  their  employ  until  1870,  at  which 
time  he  came  to  Olympia  with  Governor  Edward 
S.  Salomon,  and  was  appointed  Assistant  Asses- 
sor of  Internal  Revenue,  and  afterward  Deputy 
Collector  of  the  same  for  the  Territory,  which 
latter  office  he  held  until  1875,  when  the  Col- 
lector was  succeeded.  In  1876,  he  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Supi-eme  Court  of  tlie  Territory 
and  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Second  Judicial 
District,  and  United  States  Commissioner,  which 
positions  he  held  for  twelve  years,  or  until  the 
change  of  administration,  when  he  resigned  and 
entered    the   real-estate  and  insurance  business. 


BISTORT    OF     WASniNGrON. 


fif.3 


under  the  name  of  the  Oljmpia  Eeal-estate, 
Loan  and  Insurance  Agency.  In  this  he  was 
subsequently  associated  with  S.  C.  AVoodruff, 
which  partnership  still  continues.  In  1878,  he 
was  elected  Quartermaster-General,  and  in  1881 
became  Adjutant-General,  to  which  latter  office 
be  has  been  re-elected  every  subsequent  term. 
He  was  elected  Councibnan  from  the  second 
ward  of  Olympia  in  1883,  in  which  capacity  lie 
served  until  1891,  when  he  was  elected  Mayor, 
which  ottice  he  tilled  with  honor.  The  General 
organized  the  first  company  of  the  present 
xsational  Guard  of  Washington  in  1882,  and 
commanded  it  personally  until  a  suitable  cap- 
tain was  installed,  and  continued  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  National  Guard  of  this  State  until 
it  has  reached  its  present  efficient  condition,  and 
is  justly  styled  "The  Father  of  the  National 
Guard  of  Washington." 

General  O'Brien  was  married  in  Olympia  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Fanny  Steel,  a  native  of  Oregon 
City,  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  H.  Steel,  a  respected 
pioneer  of  1850.  They  have  two  children: 
Helen  Steel,  and  Rossell  Lloyd,  who  bid  fair  to 
retlect  credit  on  their  ancient  lineage  and  the 
modern  commonwealth. 

Fraternally,  the  General  is  an  active  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  the  Militai-y  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  and  very 
prominent  in  Masonry,  being  Fast  Master  of 
Olympia  Lodge,  No.  1,  F.  &  A.  M.;  Venerable 
Master  of  Olympia  Lodge  of  Ferfection  No.  2, 
A.  A.  S.  R.;  Wise  Master  of  Robert  Bruce 
Chapter  Rose  Croix,  No.  2;  Eminent  Com- 
mander of  De  Molai  (Jouncil  of  Kadosli,  No.  2, 
having  taken  the  highest,  the  thirty- third 
degree,  in  Masonry. 

Thus  is  briefly  outlined  the  busy  and  useful 
career  of  one  of  AVashington's  representative 
citizens,  who  by  his  worth  and  ability  has  con- 
tributed to  the  material  and  moral  advancement 
of  his  community  and  to  that  of  the  State  at 
large. 

F Frederick  r.  brown,  president  of 
the  West  Side  Mill  Company,  of  Olympia, 
-^  was  born  in  Bucksport,  Maine,  in  1849, 
son  of  Cyreuius  and  Abbie  A.  (Stover)  Brown, 
natives  of  the  same  locality,  and  descended  from 
Puritan  ancestors. 

Cyrenius  Brown  was  a  sea  captain  for  ujiward 
of  forty  years,  sailing  his  own  vessels   in  the 


coast  trade  between  Maine  and  New  Orleans. 
Retiring  from  the  sea,  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  at  Bucksport,  and  there  passed  the 
closing  years  of  his  life. 

Frederick  R.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  town,  and  there  clerked  until  186G, 
when  he  went  to  Boston  and  followed  the  same 
occupation  untilJanuary,  1870.  Then  he  started 
for  California.  He  passed  one  year  at  Chico  in 
ranch  life, after  which  he  came  north  to  Kalama, 
with  the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road. He  first  entered  the  employ  of  the  rail- 
road company,  but  subsequently  engaged  as 
clerk  for  Ingalls,  Sohus  &  Company,  general 
merchants.  With  the  progress  of  the  railroad 
toward  Tenino,  Mr.  Brown  managed  for  Ingalls, 
Sohus  &  Company,  a  branch  store,  which  was 
kept  in  a  tent,  and  moved  troni  time  to  time  to 
keep  up  with  the  construction  of  the  road. 
They  carried  a  full  stock  of  general  merchan- 
dise and  railroad  supplies,  valued  at  $10,000. 
In  the  fall  of  1872  Mr.  Brown  purchased  the 
entire  outfit,  having  saved  IfiOO  from  his  monthly 
earnings,  and  possessing  a  good  credit.  He 
then  continued  along  the  road  until  they  reached 
Tenino  in  the  fall  of  1872,  and  there  he  made 
permanent  settlement,  continuing  the  same  busi- 
ness. He  was  also  appointed  Postmaster  and  a 
Notary  Public,  performing  the  duties  of  those 
offices  for  several  years.  In  1867  he  bought  a 
one-half  interest  in  the  Winlock  sawnrill,  which 
he  operated  for  two  years.  Fie  also  became 
interested  in  the  Thixrston  Coal  Company.  In 
1880  he  was  one  of  a  small  syndicate  to  pur- 
chase the  Olympia  &  Chehalis  railroad,  which 
had  been  built  by  the  people  of  Olympia  and 
Thurston  county.  In  1882,  Mr.  Brown  sold 
his  mercantile  interests  at  Tenino,  and  removed 
to  Olynijiia  t(j  look  after  railroad  matters,  the 
syndicate  operating  this  road  until  1889,  when 
they  sold  out.  In  1SS3,  JNfr.  IJrown  organized 
the  Seatco  Manufacturing  Company,  and  built 
two  sawmills,  and  a  large  sash  and  door  factory 
at  Seatco,  now  called  Bucoda.  He  operated  this 
plant  until  1888,  and  then  sold  out.  In  1890 
he  bought  the  mill  and  machinery  of  the  Olympia 
Manufacturing  Company,  located  on  the  west 
siee,  and  after  putting  the  property  in  perfect 
repair  he  organized  and  incorporated  the  AVest 
Side  Mill  Company,  of  which  he  was  elected 
president.  The  property  embraced  the  West 
Side  saw  and  plaining  mill,  sash  and  door  fac- 
tory, and  dock  property  on  Fourth  street, 
250  X  150  feet,  with  office,  store-room  and  yards, 


til  STORY    OF    WASHlNOnm. 


affording  facilities  for  the  carrying  of  a  full  line 
of  builders'  supplies,  including  hardware,  lime, 
cement,  etc.  Their  retail  '  trade  extends  all 
along  the  Sound. 

Mr.  Brown  was  married  at  Mound  Prairie, 
Thurston  county,  Washington,  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Lawton  Case,  a  pioneer 
of  1850.  Mrs.  Brown  died,  without  issue,  in 
March,  1891. 

Mr.  Brown  is  a  Scottish  rite  Mason,  having 
passed  to  blue  lodge,  chapter  and  commandery. 
He  is  vice-jiresident  of,  and  is  largely  interested 
in,  the  Olympia  water  works,  and  is  a  stockholder 
of  the  Capital  National  Bank.  He  has  been 
prominently  connected  -with  the  improvement 
of  resident  property  on  the  West  Side,  and  is 
creditably  mentioned  as  one  of  the  enterprising 
and  successful  business  men  of  the  city  of 
Olympia. 


LLEN  WEIR,  Secretary  of  the  State  of 
AVashington,  was  born  in  El  Monte,  Los 
Angeles  county,  California,  April  24, 
1854. 

His  grandfather,  William  Weir,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  emigrated  to  the  United  States  at  an 
early  day,  and  in  1808  was  connected  with  the 
Missouri  Fur  Company,  as  hunter  and  trapper, 
and  during  the  summer  crossed  the  Rocky 
mountains  in  charge  of  a  squad  of  hunters  and 
passed  the  winter  on  the  Columbia  river  near 
the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Portland.  In 
traveling  through  the  Mandan  country,  now 
called  Dakota,  they  captured  a  chief  of  the 
tribe,  whom  they  held  as  hostage  during  the 
winter  and  returned  him  to  his  tribe  as  they 
journeyed  east  in  the  summer  of  1809. 

John  Weir,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Missouri  and  there  lived  until  man- 
hood. He  went  to  Texas  in  the  spring  of  1845 
and  that  year  was  married  to  Miss  S.  J.  Buch- 
anan, a  native  of  Tennessee.  During  the 
Mexican  war  he  served  under  Colonel  W.  S. 
Harney,  and,  after  the  treaty  of  peace  was  de- 
clared, he  settled  in  Texas  and  remained  until 
December  25,  1852,  when  with  ox  teams  he 
started  for  Califoi-nia,  one  year  l)eing  confiumed 
in  the  slow,  toilsome  journey.  Landing  in  Los 
Angeles  county,  he  took  up  land;  but,  after  dis- 
covering subsequently  that  it  was  covered  with 
Mexican  grants,  he  decided  to  come  north.     In 


1858  he  made  a  prospective  tour  with  the  inten- 
tion of  visiting  the  Eraser  river  mines.  Arriv- 
ing at  Victoria,  he  found  the  "bubble"  had 
burst,  and  he  passed  one  year  among  the  San 
Juan  islands,  hunting  wild  game  for  the  Vic- 
toria market.  During  one  of  his  expeditions 
he  was  blown  across  the  straits  to  the  shore  of 
the  United  States,  and,  liking  the  country,  he 
took  up  a  homestead  on  Duiigeness  river  bottom 
lands  in  Clallam  county,  and  then  sent  for  liis 
family,  who  arrived  at  Port  Townsend,  May  28, 
1860.  Settling  in  the  dense  woeds,  Mr.  Weir 
had  to  clear  his  land,  which  task,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  his  sons,  he  was  able  to  accomplish, 
and  developed  a  fine  farm  of  eighty  acres. 
There  he  passed  his  life. 

The  early  education  of  Allen  Weir  was 
secured  by  lamplight.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
years  he  started  out  in  life,  his  working  capital 
being  invested  in  the  clothing  upon  his  person. 
He  jjassed  two  years  in  logging  camps,  saving 
his  well-earned  stipend  for  future  education. 
In  1875  he  entered  the  Olympia  Collegiate 
Institute,  eking  out  his  small  capital  by  cooking 
his  own  -food,  performing  the  janitor  work  in 
the  building  to  pay  for  tuition,  and  employing 
his  odd  hours  before  and  after  school  in  a 
printing  office,  learning  the  trade.  Thus  assid- 
uously he  labored  till  April,  1877,  when,  instead 
of  remaining  to  graduate  in  June,  he  accejited 
a  position  with  C.  B.  Bagley,  Territorial  printer, 
as  editor  of  the  Olympian.  Later  in  the  month 
he  was  offered  the  purchase  of  the  Puget  Sound 
Argus,  published  at  Port  Townsend,  and, 
assisted  by  kind  friends,  he  made  the  pnrchase. 
The  Argus  was  a  weekly  paper,  with  "  patent 
outside,"  but  under  the  wise  management  of 
Mr.  Weir  it  soon  assumed  a  different  garb,  and 
after  four  years  was  changed  to  a  daily  paper, 
which  he  successfully  continued  for  eight  years, 
selling  out  in  January,  1889. 

When  twenty-one  years  of  age  Mr.  Weir  was 
tendered  the  nomination  to  the  Territorial 
Legislature  by  the  Democratic  party,  and, 
although  the  nomination  at  that  time  \vas 
equivalent  to  an  election,  he  respectfully  de- 
clined, as  his  principles  were  in  harmony  with 
the  Pepublican  party.  During  the  session  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  1879  he  was 
elected  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Upper  House,  and 
by  Governor  Ferry  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Territorial  Uni- 
versity at  Seattle.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Health  at 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Port  Townsend,  and,  by  re-appointinent  of 
Governor  Newell,  he  served  three  full  terms, 
during  the  last  terin  heing  President  of  the 
board.  He  was  tendered  re-appointment  by 
Governor  Squire,  but  declined  for  business 
reasons.  In  1881  he  was  elected  City  Magis- 
trate of  Port  Townsend,  and  also  served  several 
years  as  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade.  In 
1888  he  was  a  member  of  tiie  Territorial  con- 
vention which  met  at  Eliensburg  to  formulate  a 
mode  of  action  to  bear  upon  Congress,  urging 
the  admission  of  Washington  into  Statehood. 
In  the  fall  of  1888  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
liepublican  convention  held  at  Eliensburg,  and 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  convention.  He 
was  also  nominated  to  the  upper  house  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature  from  tlie  Seventh  Dis- 
trict, embracing  Jefferson,  Clallam,  San  Juan, 
Whatcom,  Kitsap  and  Mason  counties,  all 
strongly  Democratic.  Mr.  Weir  made  a  vigor- 
ous canvass,  and  at  the  election  held  in  Novem- 
ber, 1888,  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  810. 
The  Legislature,  however,  never  convened  as 
the  Territory  was  admitted  to  Statehood  in 
February  following.  In  May,  1889,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 


tion   from    the    Fifteenth    District,    embracin 


Jefferson,  San  Juan  and  Clallam  counties.  The 
convention  met  at  Olympia  July  4,  1889,  and 
was  in  session  sixty  days.  Mr.  Weir  was 
cli'ctcd  ^t■(■!■(■ta^y  pro  tem.  and  was  a  member  of 
sf\cial  I  if  the  leading  coniinittees.  As  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  of  Executive  Depart- 
ment, he  draughted  Article  3  of  the  State  Con- 
stitution. He  took  an  active  part  in  the  several 
debates  of  the  convention  and  was  leader  of  tlie 
debate  on  the  famous  Tide  Land  question,  which 
was  warmly  contested ;  but  the  plan  proposed 
by  Mr.  AVeir  was  adopted,  and  his  exact  words 
were  enibraced  in  a  subsequent  act  of  the  State 
legislature.  In  the  fall  of  1889,  at  the  Pvepub- 
lican  convention  held  at  Walla  Walla,  iiis  name 
was  purposed  from  western  Washington  as 
candidate  for  member  of  Congress;  but,  the 
Governor  being  nominated  from  the  west  side, 
it  was  deemed  expedient  to  make  the  nomination 
for  Congress  from  eastern  Washington  without 
contest.  Mr.  Weir  was  then  nominated  as 
Secretary  of  State,  and  was  elected  in  October 
following.  With  the  organization  of  the  new 
State  from  Territorial  conditions,  the  duties  ot 
his  office  have  been  exceedingly  laborious  and 
exacting,  M'hile  he  has  also  attended  to  the 
several   ex-afficio   duties  which  have  been  im- 


posed upon  him.  In  this  connection,  he  has 
been  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Printing 
and  Auditor  of  the  bills  of  the  State  Printer,  a 
meml)er  of  the  Board  of  Equalization  and 
Appeal,  secretary  of  State  Land  Commission, 
secretary  of  Special  School  Land  Indemnity 
Comiiiissii)ii,  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Equalization  of  Taxes,  Normal  School  Commis- 
sion, Sealer  of  Weights  and  Measures,  Insur- 
ance Commissioner,  custodian  of  the  State 
Capitol  buildings  and  grounds,  and  member  of 
State  Library  Commission. 

Mr.  Weir  was  prominent  in  the  Good  Tern- 
lar  movement  for  a  nunrber  of  years,  serving 
two  years  as  Secretary  of  the  (nrrand  Lodge  and 
one  year  as  Grand  Worthy  Chief  Templar,  with- 
drawing from  the  organization  when  it  entered 
politics  as  third  party  prohibition.  Since  !he 
age  of  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  lie  is  a  member  of 
the  Pioneer  Society,  the  State  Historical  Society, 
and  the  Washington  Press  Association.  He 
was  sdmitted  to  tiie  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  upon  examination,  in  December, 
1892. 

Descending  from  a  family  of  pioneers  and 
frontiersmen,  Mr.  Weir  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  tlie  Territorial  and  State  development  of 
Washington,  and  justly  esteemed  as  one  of  her 
most  worthy  citizens. 

Mr.  Weir  was  married  at  Dungeness,  Novem- 
ber 14,  1877,  to  Miss  Ellen  Davis,  a  native  of 
Canada.  They  have  three  children,  Eva  M., 
Frank  A.  and  Koyal  F. 


^\ /If  RS.  II  ATT  IE  L.  FAY  was  born  in 
jf'l  Berkshire,  Verni..nt,  January  6,  1852, 
her  maiilen  name  being  Deane.  She  is 
a  daughter  of  Gcrome  and  Emeline  M. 
(Lamb)  Deane,  also  of  Berksliire,  Vermont. 
Her  father  died  when  she  was  three  years  old, 
and  her  mother,  having  a  family  to  support, 
moved  to  Burlington,  Vermont,  where  she  was 
employed  as  principal  of  the  Burlington  school, 
filling  that  position  for  five  years.  In  1864 
Mrs.  Deane  moved  to  Mitchell  county,  Iowa, 
w'here  Miss  Hat  tie  met  and  married  Robert 
Campbell,  brother  of  Judge  F.  Campbell,  of 
Tacoma,  their  marriage  occurring  February  19, 
1872.  Robert  Campbell  was  a  conductor  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee   &  St.  Panl   Railroad. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


He  died  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  July  2, 
1886,  leaving  his  wife  with  two  little  children. 
Mrs.  Campbell  remained  in  Minneapolis  nntil 
1888.  Septenaber  22,  of  that  year,  she  became 
the  wife  of  Charles  T.  Faj,  and  soon  after  their 
marriage  removed  to  Steilacoom  city,  Wash- 
ington, where  she  still  resides. 

Charles  T.  Fay  was  born  August  29, 1828,  in 
Massachusetts.  He  learned  the  trade  of  f hoe- 
maker.  From  an  apprentice  he  rose  to  sales- 
man, and  finally  had  an  establishment  of  his 
own,  whicb  he  conducted  four  years.  He  left 
the  old  Bay  State,  bought  a  farm  in  Winnebago 
county,  Illinois,  and  spent  three  years  on  this 
place.  Then  he  was  employed  as  drover  and 
butcher  for  twenty  years.  In  1873  he  came  to 
this  coast  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Lewis 
county,  Washington  Territory.  In  1878  he 
came  to  Steilacoom  city,  bought  property  and 
built  a  home,  and  for  a  nuuiber  of  years  w'as 
prominently  identified  with  public  affairs  here. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention for  one  year,  and  for  six  years  served  as 
County  Commissioner. 

Mr.  Fay  was  nominated  the  fourth  time  for 
County  Commissioner,  but  he  was  defeated. 
This  being  the  first  time  he  was  ever  defeated, 
and,  being  well  along  in  years,  the  defeat  seemtd 
to  prey  u,pou  his  mind,  and  February  16,  1893, 
in  a  lit  of  despondency,  he  came  to  death  by  his 
own  hand!  He  was  a  faithful  and  efficient  pub- 
lic servant,  was  well  known  and  highly  respected 
here,  and  his  sad  death  was  greatly  lamented 
not  only  by  his  family  but  also  by  a  large  circle 
of  friends. 


IJOB  P.  LYOX,  one  of  the  representative 
^'  I  citizens  of  Seattle,  Washington,  was  born 
V?^  in  Troy,  New  York,  June  15,  1860,  a  son 
of  Ashel  D.  and  Harriett  E.  (Forbes)  Lyon,  na- 
tives of  Kew  York  and  Vermont,  respectively. 
The  descendants  on  both  sides  trace  their  an- 
cestry to  the  Puritan  settlers  of  New  England. 
One  Mrs.  Lyon  was  of  the  seventh  generation 
by  direct  descent  from  Francis  Eaton,  one  of  the 
passengers  of  the  Mayflower  in  1620.  Ashel 
D.  Lyon  was  educated  as  an  attorney,  and  is 
still  in  active  practice  in  Troy,  New  York. 

After  attending  the  public  schools  of  Tmy 
for  a  time  Job  P.  Lyon  entered  the  Union  Col- 
lege  at   Schenectady,    New    York,    graduating 


there  in  1881.  He  was  then  engaged  as  as- 
sistant principal  of  the  academy  at  Mexico, 
Oswego  county,  that  State,  instructing  in  math- 
ematics and  the  sciences.  Becoming  ill  from 
overwork  and  desiring  out-door  exercise,  he 
next  engaged  in  civil  engineering  fifteen  months 
on  the  survey  of  the  Fort  Worth  &  Denver 
City  Railroad  in  Texas,  also  on  the  Eureka 
Springs  Itailroad  in  Arlomsas,  completing  his 
service  M'ith  health  restored.  Mr.  Lyon  then 
began  the  study  of  law  in  his  father's  office  at 
Troy,  passed  through  the  drudgery  of  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  the  profession,  and  in 
1885  graduated  at  the  Albany  Law  School.  He 
was  immediately  admitted  to  tlie  bar,  and,  in 
company  with  his  father,  followed  a  general 
practice  until  1889,  when  he  decided  to  locate 
in  the  Puget  Sound  district.  After  arriving  in 
Seattle  he  spent  several  days  in  looking  over 
the  city,  and  then  opened  an  office  in  the  old 
Yesler-Leary  building,  though  as  yet  uncertain 
regarding  a  permanent  settlement.  ■  The  fire  of 
June  6,  1889,  transformed  business  relations, 
and  while  the  city  was  still  burning  Mr.  Lyon 
fell  into  conversation  with  Thomas  K.  Shepard. 
A  partnership  was  at  once  ifistituted,  and,  se- 
curing offices  in  the  Boston  block,  they  engaged 
in  practice  on  the  following  morning.  In  De- 
cember, of  the  same  year,  Everett  Smith  en- 
tered the  firm,  which  partnership  continued 
until  October,  1890,  and  in  that  year  our  sub- 
ject was  elected  City  Attoi'uey  by  the  Republi- 
can party.  In  August,  1891,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  John  B.  Denny,  and  is  now 
associated  with  I.  J.  Lichtenberg  and  Charles 
E.  Shepard,  under  the  firm  name  of  Lichtenberg, 
Shepard  &  Lyon.  Mr.  Lyon  follows  a  general 
practice,  and  since  October,  1890,  has  been  at- 
torney for  the  Rainier  Power  &  Railroad  Com- 
pany. Aside  from  his  profession  he  has  also 
given  much  attention  to  mineral  development, 
and  is  secretary  of  the  Silver  Ingot  Mining 
Company,  which  owns  a  nuinl)er  of  claims  in 
the  Gold  creek  district  of  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains, which  are  now  being  developed.  He  is 
alsQ.  interested  in  the  LakeCushman  iron  mines, 
located  in  the  Olympic  mountains.  Traiisporta- 
tion  tunnels  have  been  opened  to  develop  the 
mines,  and  a  preliminary  survey  for  a  railroad 
is  now  being  completed  Mr.  Lyon  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  VVenatchee  Development  Company, 
who  own  the  town  site  of  Wenatchee,  on  the 
Columbia  river,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Great 
Northern    Railroad. 


U I  STORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


In  1889  onr  subject  was  uuited  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Harriett  H.  Seaman,  a  native  of  Troj, 
New  York.  Tliej  have  one  child,  Ruth  Sea- 
man. Socially,  Mr.  Lyon  atKliates  with  the  F. 
&  A.  M.,  and  is  a  memher  of  several  college 
societies.  Legally,  he  enjoys  a  Incrative  prac- 
tice and  the  confidence  of  the  profession. 


r\(  LEXANDEK  FAKQUHAR,  one  of  the 
li\  prominent  and  successful  merchants  of 
lr\i  Olympia,  was  born  in  Dundee,  Scotland, 
V  'II   1820,  his  ancestors    having  long  re- 

sided in  that  locality.  Remaining  with  his  par- 
ents until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  secured 
a  practical  education  and  learned  the  trade  of 
flax  dressing  and  weaving,  in  1841  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  landing  in  New  York  city, 
and  passed  about  ten  months  in  that  vicinity^ 
farming  and  gardening.  Then,  returning  to 
Dundee,  he  was  married,  in  January,  1842,  to 
Miss  Jane  McKay,  and  with  his  y(Ming  bride 
came  back  to  the  United  States.  This  time  he 
located  at  New  Orleans,  working  upon  the 
water  front  as  foreman  of  a  gang  of  men  em- 
ployed in  loading  and  unloading  vessels. 

With  the  breaking  out  of  the  Me.\ican  war, 
he  enlisted  among  the  thirty-day  men,  on  board 
the  steamer  Telegraph,  under  the  quartermas- 
ter's orders,  but  lay  in  port  during  the  term  of 
eidistment,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was 
paid  off  and  discharged. 

Mr.  Farquhar  then  continued  "along-shore" 
work  until  the  California  gold  e.xcitement  of 
1849,  when  he  was  engaged  as  water- tender  on 
board  the  steamer  Falcon,  which  connected  with 
New  York  steamers  at  Havana  and  transferred 
mail  and  passengers  to  Chagres,  en  route  for 
California.  In  1851  he  returned  to  New  Or- 
leans and  worked  upon  the  levee  until  the 
spring  of  1852,  when  he  removed  his  family 
to  California  via  the  Panama  route,  landing  in 
San  Francisco  in  April.  He  engaged  in  mining 
at  Pine  Log  Crossing  on  the  South  fork  of  the 
S'aislaus  river,  and  there  remained  four  years, 
meeting  with  poor  success,  barely  paying  ex- 
penses. 

In  1856  he  moved  to  Oregon  and  passed 
twenty  months  at  Dayton,  engaged  in  such  em- 
ployment as  he  could  secure.  In  1858  became 
to  Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  home- 
steaded  160  acres  on  South  bay,    and   at  once 


began  developing  a  farm.  He  continued  there 
until  the  winter  of  1860-'61,  when  the  snow  of 
January  remained  upon  the  ground  until  April, 
and  to  supply  food  for  his  family  he  was  ob- 
liged to  abandon  his  claim:  so  he  removed  to 
Olympia.  Then  he  began  clerking  in  the  hard- 
ware store  of  Charles  E.  and  Samuel  Williams, 
and  remained  in  their  employ  foi'  fifteen  years 
and  fifteen  days,  and  during  that  long  terni  of 
service  he  never  lost  a  day  or  failed  to  open  the 
store  every  morning  for  business.  In  1875 
he  erected  a  two-story  frame  building,  36  x  24 
feet,  on  the  corner  of  Adams  and  Seventh 
streets  (having  purchased  the  block  in  1860), 
and  there  engaged  in  the  hardware  and 
grocery  business.  In  1889  he  enlarged  his 
store  to  120x120  feet,  and  added  to  his 
stock  a  general  line  of  stoves,  tinware, 
carriages,  agricultural  implements,  paints,  oils, 
building  materials,  and  blacksmith  supplies. 
He  built  his  present  residence  on  the  corner  of 
Adams  and  Eighth  street*  in  1860.  In  1891 
he  built  the  Jefferson  Hotel,  a  three-story  frame, 
40  X  180  feet,  and  also  owns  other  valuable  im- 
proved property. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Farquhar  have  three  children, 
namely:  Mary,  widow  of  Ellison  Eby,  of  Port 
Townsend;  Ann,  wife  of  George  Allen,  of  the 
Olympia  Door  &  Lumber  Company;  and  Ed- 
ward M.,  who  assists  his  father  in  the  store. 

Mr.  Farquhar  is  a  menjber  of  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  of  the  Scotch  Caledonian  Club.  He  has 
served  one  year  in  the  City  Council.  Feeling 
that  to  have  work  well  done  he  must  do  it  him- 
self, he  has  been  a  close  advocate  of  that  pre- 
cept, and  his  present  success  is  the  outgrowth 
of  careful,  conscientious,  persistent  labor. 


ALTER  CROSBY,  of  Olympia,  Wash- 
^  ington,  was  born  at  Tumvvater,  Wash- 
ii  ington  Territory,  in  1854,  son  of  Cap- 
tain Clanrick  Crosby,  the  founder  of  Tumwater. 
Captain  Crosby  and  his  wife,  nee  Phoebe  L. 
Fessenden,  were  both  natives  of  Massachusetts 
and  were  married  in  that  State.  The  Captain's 
early  life,  from  the  age  of  nine  years,  was  spent 
on  the  sea.  Becoming  master  of  vessels,  he 
sailed  to  the  various  deep-sea  ports  of  the  world. 
In  1849  he  removed  his  family  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  coming  on  the  brig  Grecian,  in  which  \m' 
owned  an  interest,  and  of  which  he  was  Captain. 


HISTORY    OF    WASEINOTON. 


They  made  the  voyage  around  Cape  Horn,  land- 
ed at  San  Francisco,  and  from  there  came  north 
to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  sold  tiie  brig 
In  the  spring  of  1850  he  started  overland  with 
his  family  for  Puget  Sound,  sailing  down  the 
Columbia  river  and  up  the  Cowlitz,  and  getting 
across  the  country  to  the  Des  Ciiutes  river  at 
the  head-waters  'of  the  Sound.  There  M.  T. 
Simmons  was  located  with  a  little  sawmill  and 
the  settlement  about  him  was  called  ISlew  Mar- 
ket. Captain  Crosby  purchased  his  right,  iiled 
his  donation  claim,  and  subsequently  platted 
and  laid  off  the  town  of  Tumwater.  He  operat- 
ed the  mill,  opened  a  small  store,  and  built  the 
first  gristmill  of  the  Territory,  wheat  being 
brought  to  him  fi-om  all  quarters.  In  1868  he 
erected  the  Lincoln  mill,  with  increased  capac- 
ity, and  the  same  was  operated  by  himself  and 
sons  until  about  1880.  In  1865  the  Captain 
engaged  in  steamboating  on  the  Sound,  running 
between  Olympia  and  Victoria,  and  while  in 
the  discharge  of  his  duty  at  the  wheel  he  re- 
ceived a  stroke  of  paralysis.  This  was  the  fore- 
runner of  other  shocks,  finally  resulting  in  his 
death. 

He  served  several  te-.-ms  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  one  term  being  Speaker  of  the 
Ho  use.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  business 
ability,  succeeding  in  whatever  he  undertook. 
Public-spirited  and  generous  to  a  fault,  he  gave 
liberal!}^  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  town 
and  country  in  which  he  settled. 

In  1856,  while  operating  his  sawmill  at  Turn- 
water,  the  Captain  was  solicited  for  a  subscrip- 
tion toward  building  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
churcli  at  Olympia,  by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  De  Yore. 
He  jokingly  replied  that  he  had  never  seen  De 
Vore  work,  and  would  give  him  all  the  lumber 
he  could  raft  from  the  mill  during  one  working 
day.  The  following  day  De  Vore  appeared  at 
five  o'clock  in  the  morning  and  worked  until 
seven  in  the  evening,  declining  Captain  Crosby's 
invitation  to  dinner,  and  only  stopping  for  a 
hasty  lunch.  Thus  he  secured  sufficient  lum- 
ber to  build  the  church,  which  still  stands  on 
the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Adams  streets,  a  monu- 
ment of  both  gentlemen. 

Walter  Crosby  w-as  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Tumwater,  and  acquired  practical  business 
habits  in  his  father's  store.  After  his  father 
was  disabled,  he  and  his  brother,  William  F., 
now  of  San  Francisco,  conducted  the  store  and 
ran  the  mill  until  1879.  That  year  Walter  and 
Lambert  Kratz,  the  old  miller,  formed  a  part- 


nership, rented  the  mill  and  under  the  firm 
name  of  Crosby  &  Kratz  ran  it  until  1881, 
when  the  partnership  was  dissolved.  The  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  then  went  to  Portland,  and 
for  one  year  was  engaged  in  the  boot  aud  shoe 
business.  After  that  he  became  interested  in 
the  newspaper  business  at  Dayton  in  Eastern 
Washington,  being  in  partnership  with  John  Y. 
Ostrander,  publishing  the  Dayton  News.  In 
1882  they  were  burned  out,  and  after  the  fire 
Mr.  Crosby  was  appointed  Deputy  Postmaster 
during  the  illness  of  William  Matzger.  After 
Mr.  Matzger's  death  Mr.  Crosby  was  made  act- 
ing Postmaster,  serving  as  such  until  1883, 
when  he  i-esigned.  He  then  removed  to  Free- 
port,  Cowlitz  county,  and  took  charge  of  the 
geneial  merchandise  store  of  Catlin  Bros.  In 
the  fall  of  1884  he  was  elected  County  Auditor 
by  the  Democratic  party,  receiving  a  majority 
of  thirteen  votes,  W'hile  the  rest  of  the  ticket 
went  Republican  by  200  majority.  He  was  re- 
nominated in  1886  and  was  beaten  by  only  three 
votes.  He  then  returned  to  Olympia,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  real-estate  business,  wliich  he  con- 
tinued until  January  1,  1892.  At  that  time  he 
accepted  the  position  of  bookkeeper  for  the 
State  Printing  &  Publishing  Company. 

Mr.  Crosby  was  marrieJ  in  Olympia,  in 
August,  1881,  to  Florence  Ostrander,  a  native 
of  Washington  and  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Nathaniel 
Ostrander.  They  have  had  two  children:  John 
AV.  and  Eliza  Louise,  the  former  being  deceased. 


LUCIUS  L.  TALCOTT,  of  Olympia,  Wash- 
I    ington,  was  born  in  Owego,  Tioga  county, 
I  New  York,  June  19,  1819.     His  father, 

George  Talcott,  was  a  native  of  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, and  his  ancestor,  John  Talcott,  built 
the  first  house  in  that  now  populous  and  wealthy 
city,  with  whose  early  history  he  was  promi- 
nently connected.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
Sarah  (McQuigg)  Talcott,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire,  a  descendant  of  early  pioneers  of 
that  State.  George  Talcott  was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  spent  his  whole  life  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  About  1815  he  moved  his 
family  to  Owego,  and  there  passed  the  rest  of 
his  days. 

Lucius  L.  was  reared  and  educated  at  Owego. 
In  1837  he  went  to  Ithaca,  New  York,  to  learn 
the  carpenter's  trade,  but  on  account  of  an  accj- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


dent  was  obliged  to  return  home.  He  th'en  at- 
tended school  another  term,  and  in  1838  began 
clerking  for  C.  &  P.  Kansom,  filling  positions 
of  trust  and  responsibility  and  remaining  with 
that  firm  until  the  fall  of  1843.  Tliat  year  he 
started  westward,  going  by  stage  and  rail  to 
Buffalo,  thence  by  steamer,  touching  at  Cleve- 
land and  Detroit,  to  Milwaukee,  thence  by  stage 
to  Madison  and  Mineral  Point,  thence  to  Galena, 
Illinois,  where  he  embarked  npon  a  steamer  and 
proceeded  by  the  Mississippi  river  to  Quincy, 
Illinois,  and  by  stage  to  Pittstield.  '  At  Pitts- 
lield  he  spent  the  winter  with  an  uncle,  William 
Watson,  whom  he  engaged  in  business  the  fol- 
lowing year.  In  1847  they  built  a  large  store 
and  warehouse  in  Florence,  Illinois,  and  contin- 
ued a  general  business  there  until  the  spring  of 
1849,  when  Mr.  Talcott  withdrew  and  returned 
to  Owego,  crossing  to  Chicago  bj  the  old  Illi- 
nois canal,  the  first  pnblic  improvement  in  the 
State.  The  following  fall  he  went  back  to 
Pittsfield  and  was  engaged  as  chief  clerk  for 
Ilodgkin  &  Company,  general  merchants,  until 
spring.  In  April,  1850,  accompanied  by  Isaac 
G.  Hodgkin,  with  three  wagons,  nineteen 
horses  and  four  mules,  he  started  for  California, 
bringing  out  eight  men  as-  passengers.  The 
journey  was  safely  accomplished  and  October 
10  they  reached  Sacramento.  Messrs.  Ilodg- 
kin it  Talcott  engaged  in  business  at  Pilot  Hill. 
Mr.  Ilodgkin  returned  East  in  the  spring  of 
18.51  and  Mr.  Talcott  continued  alone  until 
1852,  when,  on  account  of  failing  health,  he 
went  to  San  Francisco.  There  he  bought  and 
fitted  out  a  vessel  as  store  ship,  which  enter- 
prise proved  unsuccessful  and  be  sold  the  ship. 
He  saw  the  first  Chinese  woman  who  landed  in 
San  Francisco;  the  first  locomotive  brought  and 
put  into  operation  there;  the  first  honey-bee 
shipped  into  the  State,  the  same  having  been 
consigned  to  Colonel  Stockton  and  transported 
on  the  Brother  Jonathan.  He  also  saw  the  first 
omnibus  in  Sacramento  as  it  made  its  initial 
trip  up  I  street. 

In  June,  1853,  Mr.  Talcott  started  for  the 
East,  via  the  Isthmus  ronte.  He  made  the  voy- 
age to  Panama  on  the  old  steamship  California, 
crossed  the  Isthmus  by  mule  and  railroad  to 
Aspinwall,  and  from  there  went  to  New  Orleans, 
where  he  purchased  sugar  and  molasses,  ship- 
ping to  Pittsfield,  Illinois.  Upon  his  arrival  at 
Pittstield,  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  mercan- 
tile and  packing  business  of  Noyes  &  Harris. 
In  the  spring  of  1854  they  bought  the  Rockport 


mill  site  and  erected  a  large  flour  mill,  which 
was  successfully  managed  until  1856.  At  this 
time,  owing  to  failing  health,  Mr.  Talcott  retired 
to  Pittstield.  During  his  convalescence  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  I.  G.  Hodgkin  and 
purchased  the  dry-goods  store  of  James  Kinney, 
which  was  continued  until  1865.  That  year, 
through  his  extensive  endorsement  for  a  tobacco 
packer,  Mr.  Talcott  lost  heavily  and  sold  out. 
He  then  entered  into  the  grocery  business  and 
continued  the  same  until  1872,  when  he  closed 
out  his  establishment  and  came  to  Olympia, 
Washington,  to  regain  his  health.  Here  he  has 
since  resided,  retired  from  active  business. 

Mr.  Talcott  was  married  in  Pittsfield,  Illinois, 
in  1846,  to  Miss  Ellen  Noyes,  who  died  in  1848, 
leaving  one  child,  Fanny.  In  1853  he  married 
Miss  Harriet  Noyes,  a  member  of  the  same 
family,  who  died  June  25,  1890.  By  his  last 
wife  he  had  four  children,  three  of  whom  are 
living:  Charles  P.,  George  N.  and  Lucius 
Grant.  These  three  brothers  are  engaged  in  the 
jewelry  business  at  Olympia,  the  firm  name  be- 
ing Talcott  Brothers.  They  own  one  of  the  old- 
est jewelry  stores  in  the  State,  it  having  been 
established  at  an  early  day  by  Charles  R. 

Mr.  Talcott  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  Encampment.  He  has  been  an  ardent  Re- 
publican ever  since  the  organization  of  that 
party. 


CHARLES  W.  THOMAS,  M.  D— Al- 
though the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  yet  a 
-—  3'0""g  ™3i  ^'iid  newly  started  in  the  med- 
ical profession  he  has  met  with  a  success  that 
has  exceeded  his  most  sanguine  expectations. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  he  will  tak(5  a  first  place 
in  the  ranks  of  the  medical  profession  in  a  few 
years,  when  experience  shall  have  been  added  to 
the  knowledge  gained  at  two  of  the  best  medi- 
cal institutions  of  learning  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  his  intention  to  make  surgery  a  specialty 
as  he  has  a  peculiar  aptitude  for  this  branch  of 
the  science.  Dr.  Thomas  is  a  native  of  Linn 
county,  Iowa,  born  April  6,  1867.  When  he 
was  four  years  of  age,  his  parents,  Wallace  B. 
and  Rebecca  (Cothern)  Thomas,  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Washington,  locating  on  a  farm  in 
AYalla  Walla  county,  where  our  subject  was 
reared,  receiving  a  common-school  education. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  re- 
moved to  Iowa  when  a  young  man.     There  he 


670 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


met  and  married  the  mother  of  our  subject.  In 
1871,  he  removed  his  family  to  the  coast  as  be- 
fore stated,  and  there  he  still  resides.  Of  the 
seven  children  born  to  himself  and  wife,  our 
subject  was  the  third. 

When  our  subject  had  progressed  suthcienfly 
he  entered  the  Whitney  College  of  Walla  Walla, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  selected  the  pro- 
fession of  medicine  for  his  life  calling.  He 
therefore  began  the  study  of  that  science  under 
Dr.  Copp  of  Walk  Walla,  and  in  1889  was 
fitted  to  enter  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia,  from  there  proceeding  to  the 
Kentucky  School  of  Medicine,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, from  which  he  graduated.  He  then  re- 
turned to  the  Jefferson  College  at  Philadelphia, 
graduated  from  there  and  returned  home  w-ith 
diplomas  from  two  of  the  best  medical  colleges 
in  this  country.  In  order  to  be  in  perfect 
health  when  he  began  practice  Dr.  Thomas  re- 
solved to  spend  the  summer  of  1892,  in  work 
upon  his  father's  farm  and  soon  found  that 
medicine  had  not  driven  the  love  of  farm  life 
out  of  his  being.  During  tlie  long  summer 
days  while  he  drove  the  leader  in  the  harvest  he 
pondered  upon  the  lectures  and  teachings  of  the 
learned  professors  under  whose  tuition  he  had 
been  studying  during  the  three  years  just  pre- 
ceding, and  it  was  with  both  mind  and  body  re- 
freshed that  he  opened  his  modest  office  in  the 
city  of  AValla  Walla  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year. 
Dr.  Thomas  displayed  very  good  sense  when  he 
chose  this  city  for  his  place  of  location,  as  he  is 
among  his  old  friends  and  acquaintances,  who 
all  take  a  lively  interest  in  his  welfare.  All  who 
know  the  talented  young  physician  predict  a 
brilliant  future  for  iiitn,  and,  to  judge  by  tiie 
good  practice  he  has  already  built  up  in  so  short 
a  time,  it  is  very  reasonable  to  infer  that  their 
prophecies  will  be  fulfilled. 


'ENOS  FAEO  BRAXAM,  farmer,  near 
North  Bend,  has  for  a  number  of  years 
been  identified  with  tiie  interests  of  the 
Sound  country.  Kenos  Faro  Branam 
was  born  in  Pike  county,  Kentucky,  September 
24,  1849,  son  of  Samuel  and  Milly  (Ratlif) 
Branam.  Samuel  Branam  died  when  his  son, 
our  subject,  was  an  infant,  and  the  latter's 
mother  died  when  he  was  sixteen.  Y'oung 
Branam  then  went  to  live  with  an  uncle,  John 


H.  Reynolds,  his  gitardian,  with  whom  he 
remained  two  years.  Then  he  went  to  Jackson 
county,  Missouri,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming  until  1876.  In  May  of  that  year,  in 
company  with  a  large  train,  he  started  over- 
land to  this  coast.  As  the  party  proceeded,  it 
from  time  to  time  divided  up  until  only  three 
wagons  were  left  to  come  through  the  mountains 
by  way  of  Snoqualmie  pass.  Young  Branam 
drove  the  team  for  this  man.  They  reached 
Seattle  in  October,  and  our  subject  remained  in 
that  city  for  three  years,  variously  employed. 
Then  he  went  to  Squak  valley  to  manage  a  farm 
for  loss  &  Borst,  and  continued  there  for  fifteen 
months.  After  that  he  crossed  the  mountains 
into  Kittitass  county,  where  he  located  a  ranch, 
got  out  logs  to  build  a  house,  and  then  came 
back  for  his  family.  He  was  prevented,  how- 
ever, from  returning  to  his  ranch  on  account 
of  heavy  fall  of  snow  in  the  mountains,  and  he 
finally  abandoned  the  claim.  In  1881  he  rented 
a  tract  of  land  from  M.  Maurice,  which  he 
cultivated  until  1886.  That  year  he  came  to 
his  present  place,  and  has  since  devoted  his 
energies  to  clearing  and   improving  it. 

Mr.  Branam  was  married  December  24, 1871, 
to  Lizzie  Corn,  a  natfve  of  Missouri,  who  died 
in  July,  1874,  without  issue.  May  11,  1876, 
he  married  Elizabeth  Scitze,  a  native  of  Iowa, 
who  died  January  28,  1892.  Following  are  his 
children  by  his  second  wife:  Oscar,  Annie, 
Ettie,  Myrtle,  Nora,  Arthur  and  Elizabeth. 

F'rENCH  BROTHERS— Frederick  Will- 
iam and  Albert  Edward  French  compose 
^  the  firm  doing  an  extensive  farming  busi- 
ness in  the  Green  River  valley  section.  They 
have  a  large  farm  devoted  to  hops.  The  French 
family  were  old  settlers  in  New  York  State,  but 
the  original  location  was  at  Elizabethtown,  New 
Jersey,  the  ancestors  being  among  the  founders 
of  that  city.  They  are  of  Scottish  extraction. 
Zerah,  the  father  of  Frederick  William  and 
Albert  Edward  French,  was  born  at  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  New  York,  on  March  22,  1825,  his  par- 
ents being  George  and  Sarah  (Freeman)  French. 
He  was  reared  in  New  York,  and  when  about 
twenty-one  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  where  he  engaged  in  railroad 
contracting.  In  1873,  he  went  to  San  Bernar- 
dino, California,  where  he  engaged  in  fruit  cul- 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


tare.  Six  years  later  he  came  to  Washington 
and  homesteaded  the  place,  whicli  now  belongs 
to  his  estate,  the  place  contains  109  acres,  of 
which  seventy-five  acres  are  cleared,  and  in 
cnltivation.  He  died  on  January  18,  1889, 
leaving  four  children,  viz:  .  Cicily  Adelia,  wife 
of  N.  B.  Hale,  of  San  Bernardino,  California; 
Alice  Octavia,  now  Mrs.  P.  G.  Drew,  of  San 
Bernardino;  Frederick  William,  and  Albert 
Edward. 

Frederick  William  French  was  born  on  the 
Missouri  river,  in  Dakota,  October  15,  18G6. 
He  was  educated  in  the  different  cities  where 
he  lived,  and  completed  his  education  at  the 
Seattle  University,  and  has  since  engaged  in 
farming  with  his  brother.  He  was  married  on 
January  24,  1889,  to  Miss  Fannie  Lochridge, 
of  Clayton  county,  Iowa.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren:    Norman  and  Clarence. 

Albert  Edward  French  was  born  at  Black 
Earth,  Wisconsin,  on  July  20,  1869.  He  was 
educated  at  the  common  schools  of  the  different 
cities  in  which  he  lived,  and  afterward  at  the 
Seattle  (Washington)  University.  He  has  since 
graduation  followed   farming  with   his   brother. 

— ^€^ 


ON.  BAILEY  GATZERT.— The  loss  of 
few  noble  men  has  been  more  deeply  de- 
plored by  acommunity  than  thatot'thesub- 
jectof  this  sketch  by  Seattle,  Washington. 
He  was  a  pioneer  merchant  and  banker  of  that 
city  and  for  forty  years  connected  with  the  mei'- 
cantile  interests  of  the  Pacific  coast.  No  one  is 
more  justly  entitled  to  prominent  mention  in  a 
history  of  his  section  of  the  country,  in  the  af- 
fairs of  which  he  played  such  a  conspicuous 
part. 

Mr.  Gatzert  was  born  December  29,  1829,  in 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  Germany,  of  which  locality 
his  ancestors  had  been  residents  for  many  gen- 
erations. He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  country,  and,  when  twenty  years  of  age, 
started  out  in  life  for  himself,  seeking  a  home 
and  fortune  on  the  free  soil  of  America.  His 
first  occupation  in  the  new  world  was  as  clerk 
in  a  general  merchandise  store  at  Natchez,  Mis- 
sissippi, where  he  learned  the  English  language 
and  the  business  customs  of  America.  In  1853, 
shortly  after  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California, 
he  went  to  that  State, and  like  all  immigrants  of 
that  time  immediately  went  to  the  mines.      He 


realized  but  poor  results,  however,  and  soon 
tired  of  the  laborious  occupation  of  mining, 
whereupon  he  began  clerking  in  Auburn,  Cali- 
fornia, whence  he  went,  in  September,  1853,  to 
Nevada  City,  the  same  State,  where  he  clerked 
in  a  grocery  until  1858.  He  then  engaged  in 
the  same  business  for  himself  at  that  place, 
where  he  continued  until  January,  1861,  when 
he  returned  to  San  Francisco.  In  the  following 
April,  he  was  married  in  the  latter  city  to  Miss 
Barbetta  Schwabacher,  and  continued  to  reside 
there  until  September,  1862,  when  he  removed 
to  Portland,  Oregon.  Here,  he  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Meerholz&  Company,  whole- 
sale grocers,  who,  in  1865,  dissolved  and  closed 
out  their  business.  Mr.  Gatzert  then  started  a 
general  merchandise  store  at  Wallula,  eastern 
Washington,  and  established  a  large  forwarding 
trade  to  the  mining  districts.  In  1869,  he  came 
to  Seattle  as  partner  and  founder  of  the  mer- 
cantile house  of  Schwabacher  Brothers  &  Co., 
which  carried  a  stock  of  general  merchandise, 
hardware  and  agricultural  implements,  conduct- 
ing both  a  wholesale  and  retail  trade.  Under 
Mr.  Gatzert's  able  management,  the  business 
rapidly  increased,  and,  in  1872,  the  firm  erected 
on  Front  street,  near  Yesler  avenue,  the  first 
brick  block  in  the  city.  In  July,  1888,  the 
business  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of 
Schwabacher  Brothers  &  Co.,  with  a  paid-up 
capital  of  §5250.000,  the  enterprise  being  con- 
tinned  only  in  the  grocery  and  hardware  depart- 
ments and  comprising  strictly  a  wholesale  trade. 
In  the  fire  of  June,  1889,  the  company  lost 
their  property  and  a  $200,000  stock  of  goods, 
but  were  well  indemnified  by  insurance.  Plans 
were  at  once  drawn  for  a  four-story  brick  build- 
ing with  a  basement,  to  be  erected  on  the  old 
site,  but  for  immediate  occupancy  a  one-story 
brick  building,  60  x  111  feet,  was  erected  on  the 
corner  of  Front  and  Madison  streets,  and  just 
sixteen  days  after  the  fire  they  opened  this  store 
with  a  full  line  of  hardware,  their  grocery  busi- 
ness being  conducted  on  the  wharf,  at  the  foot 
of  Union  street,  until  suitable  quarters  could  be 
provided,  that  being  the  only  wharf  which  es- 
ca])ed  the  fire.  On  the  completion  of  their 
building  on  the  corner  of  Front  and  Yesler 
avenues,  they  put  in  a  stock  of  goods  worth 
$250,000,  and  conducted  an  extensive  business 
until  lire  again  checked  their  progress,  totally 
destroying  their  stock  on  July  29,  1892,  the  in- 
surance conipanies,  however,  adjusting  the  loss. 
They  again  started  in  business,  locating  on  the 


673 


HISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


corner  of  Second  and  Main  Streets,  where  the 
house  continues  to  meet  every  demand  of  a  large 
and  increasing  patronage. 

Outside  of  mercantile  interests,  Mr.  Gatzert's 
influence  was  felt  in  the  development  of  the 
enterprises  of  Seattle.  He  was  actively  identi- 
fied with  the  opening  of  the  New  Castle  coal 
mines,  furnishing  supplies,  funds  and  other  as- 
sistance. He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Puget  Sonnd  National  Bank  and  the 
People's  Savings  Bank  of  Seattle,  and  was  pi-esi- 
dent  of  both  institutions  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Snohomish  National  Bank,  Yakima  National 
Bank  and  National  Bank  of  Whatcom,  and  was 
part  owner  of  the  Madison  street  cable  line  and 
extensions,  besides  holding  valuable  realty  in- 
interests  in  and  near  the  city. 

SociallJ^  Mr.  Gatzert  affiliated  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.,  being  a  member  of  the  Thirty-second  de- 
gree, Scottish  rite.  He  ably  served  his  fellow 
citizens  for  one  terra  as  Mayor  of  Seattle  and  for 
several  terms  as  a  member  of  the  City  Council. 

Mr.  Gatzert  died  April  19,  1893,  deeply  la- 
mented l>y  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  distin- 
guished by  those  elements  of  push,  enterprise 
and  enthusiasm  which  have  been  so  conspicu- 
ous in  the  marvelous  development  of  Seattle, 
and  was  recognized  as  a  representative  man  of 
the  city  and  State. 


F.  MAX  KRIEGK,  a  medical  practi- 
tioner of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Frankfurt 
on-the-Maine,  Germany,  1853.  His 
academic  studies  were  pursued  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  he  studied  medi- 
cine in  the  Universities  of  Tuebingen,  Marburg, 
Strasburg  and  Freiburg,  graduating  at  the  last 
named  institution  in  1877.  He  then  entered 
the  army  as  surgeon,  but  after  one  year  became 
paralyzed  from  the  effects  of  blood  poisoning  re- 
sulting from  an  operation.  AVhile  seeking  i-est 
and  recuperation.  Dr.  Kriegk  visited  watering 
places,  and  traveled  through  Italy  and  southern 
France.  After  his  recovery  he  spent  six  months 
in  the  hospitals  of  Vienna,  and  the  following 
eighteen  months  as  physician  and  surgeon  of 
the  city  hospital  of  Frankfort. 

In  1881  our  subject  came  to  the  United 
States,  traveling  direct  to  Sd,n  Francisco,  where 
he  passed  two  years    in    practice,    and    during 


eighteen  months  of  that  time  was  surgeon  of  the 
German  hospital  of  that  city.  Since  1888  he 
has  been  active  in  his  profession  in  Seattle,  in  a 
general  office  and  family  practice.  The  Doctor 
has  great  faith  in  the  future  of  this  city  and 
has  purchased  a  rancli  of  140  acres  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  White  and  Green  rivers.  He  owns 
property  on  Mercer  island,  also  in  the  process  of 
improvement. 

Dr.  Kriegk,  in  his  social  relations,  affiliates 
with  the  German  Aid  Society,  witli  the  Turn 
Yerein  society,  and  is  a  Past  Odd  Fellow. 


f^l^ 


dl  H.  GODDARD  was  born  in  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  at  the  place  where  he  now 
—  resides,  on  August  30,  1864.  His  parents 
were  Joseph  Hill  and  Hester  Ann  (Hendricks) 
Goddard;  his  fatlier  was  born  in  Champaign 
county,  Ohio,  about  twenty  miles  from  Spring- 
field, where  he  was  brought  up  and  lived  until 
1839,  when  he  went  to  Illinois,  staying  only  one 
year  there.  He  then  went  to  Iowa,  where  lie 
lived  for  twelve  years.  In  1852,  he  and  his 
wife  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  making  tlie 
journey  along  the  usual  route,  viz.:  Fort  Lara- 
mie and  Fort  Hall,  the  Dalles  and  down  the 
Columbia  river.  They  spent  one  winter  at 
Vancouver,  and  then  located  where  the  family 
now  resides,  six  miles  north  of  Vancouver. 
They  took  up  what  is  known  as  a  donation 
claim  of  320  acres.  It  was  then  simply  woods, 
with  not  a  settler  in  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Goddard 
lived  here  until  his  death,  on  May  5,  1885. 
They  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  six  are  liv- 
ing, and  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
one.  Mr.  Goddard  was  a  Republican,  politic- 
ally. He  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Leg- 
islature of  Washington  in  the  early  days.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the 
county. 

James  Harvey  Goddard  was  brought  up  at 
the  home  place,  and  was  partly  educated  at  the 
common  schools  in  that  locality,  afterward  en- 
tering the  Willamette  University,  at  Salem, 
Oregon,  which  he  attended  for  three  ye<trs.  He 
now  devotes  his  time  solely  to  farming  and 
fruit-raising.  He  has  three  or  four  acres  of  old 
orchard,  and  put  out  eight  acres  in  1893,  and 
his  intention  is  to  plant  a  number  of  acres 
in  leading  varieties  of  apple,  prune  and  cherry 
trees.       His  chief  ambition  is  to  be  able  to  de- 


insroRf  or   washinoton. 


vote  bis  entire  attention  to  liorticiilture.  He 
has  been  studying  tlie  subject  for  several  years, 
but  only  recently  has  begun  to  put  his  ideas 
into  practice. 

Mr.  Goddard  is  a  Prohibitionist,  politically, 
and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  organization 
of  his  party  in  the  State,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
County  Central  Committee.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  in  1892, 
on  tile  Pi-ohibition  ticket,  but  was  defeated.  He 
has  been  School  Clerk  for  two  years,  and  now 
tills  that  position. 

He  is  a  member  of  Fruit  A^alley  Grange, 
Patrons  of  Husbandry. 


N^^^ 


APT.  APtCHlBALD  H.  ADAMS,   who 

is  engaged  in  a  general  real-estate  and  in- 
surance business  in  Olympia,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  in  Rushford,  Allegany  county. 
New  York,  September  20,  1844,  son  of  Archi- 
bald L.  and  Evelyn  (Durkee)  Adams,  natives  of 
the  same  State  and  of  Scotch-English  descent. 
Archibald  L.  Adams  engaged  in  the  retail  drug 
business  in  Rushford  in  early  life,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  five  years  spent  in  Milwaukee,  has 
continued  in  that  line  of  business  up  to  tlie 
time. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in  the 
Rushford  Academy  and  at  the  Milwaukee  high 
school,  graduating  at  the  latter  institution  in 
1859.  He  then  began  clerking  for  Bosworth  & 
Sons,  wholesale  druggists  of  that  city,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  July,  18t52,  when  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  Twenty-fourth  Wiscon- 
sin Volunteer  Infantry.  His  regiment  joined 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  becoming  a  part 
of  the  Third  Division  and  Twentieth  Army 
Corps,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Perry- 
ville.  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge 
and  others,  young  Adams  being  wounded  but 
not  disabled.  The  regiment  then  moved  on  to 
Atlanta,  with  almost  continuous  fighting  for 
nearly  two  months.  At  Atlanta,  Mr.  Adams 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Second  Lieutenant 
of  Company  K,  Thirty-fifth  Wisconsin,  and  was 
detailed  as  Brigade  Quartermaster  of  the  Sepa- 
rate Brigade,  Army  of  the  Gulf,  and  took  part 
in  tfie  battles  of  Spanish  Fort,  Fort  Blakely  and 
Mobile.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing  November  to  that  of  Captain.       After  the 


engagement  at  Mobile  he  was  detailed  as  Quar- 
termaster of  the  Third  Division,  Thirteenth 
Army  Corps;  went  to  Brownsville,  Texas,  and 
was  there  stationed  until  March,  1866,  when  he 
was  returned  to  Madison,  Wisconsin,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  service. 

The  war  over,  he  returned  to  his  former  posi- 
tion with  Bosworth  &  Sons,  of  Milwaukee,  be- 
came general  superintendent  of  the  outside 
business,  and  continued  as  such  until  1869. 
That  year  he  preferred  to  go  upon  the  road  as 
salesman,  and  traveled  through  Wisconsin, 
Michigan  and  Minnesota,  continuing  in  their 
employ  until  1884,  when  he  removed  to  Chi- 
cago and  accepted  a  similar  position  with  Lord, 
Owen  &  Co.,  wholesale  druggists,  and  traveled 
through  the  same  territory.  In  1889  he  came 
to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  organized  the 
Spokane  Di-ug  Company,  which,  as  secretary 
and  manager,  he  continued  until  June,  1890, 
when  he  removed  to  Olympia  and  engaged  in 
the  real-estate  and  insurance  hu^iness. 

Captain  Adams  was  mai-ried  in  Milwaukee,  in 
1867,  to  Miss  Agnes  Armitage,  a  native  of  the 
city  of  Mexico,  and  a  descendant  of  Scotch- 
English  ancestry.  They  have  one  child,  Archi- 
bald W. 

Captain  Adams  is  (1S93)  the  present  Com- 
mander of  the  George  II.  Thomas  Post,  G.  A. 
R. ;  is  Inspector  General  of  the  Department  of 
Washington  and  Alaska,  G.  A.  R. ;  is  Trustee 
of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  at  Orting,  Washington; 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion  Command- 
ery  of  Washington.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  blue  lodge,  N'o.  175,  Kilbourn  Chapter 
No.  1,  F.  ct  A.  M.,  and  Wisconsin  Consistory, 
S.  P.  R.  S.,  of  Milwaukee,  and  is  Captain  Gen- 
eral of  Olympia  Commandei'y,  No.  7,  Knights 
Templar. 

The  Captain  is  a  most  agreeable  gentleman, 
frank  and  generous  with  all.  A  shrewd  busi- 
ness man  of  the  strictest  integrity,  his  career 
has  been  a  successful  one.  He  has  established 
a  fine  business  here,  has  made  an  extensive  ac- 
quaintance, and  is  thoroughly  identified  with 
the  best  interests  of  his  adopted  city  and  State. 


d JOSEPH  KLEE,     furniture     manufacturer 
and  dealer,  of  Tacoma,  was  born  at  Brohl, 
— •     on  the  river  Rhine,  in    Prussia,   April  15, 
1845.       His    parents  were    Johann    and    Anna 


en 


EtSTORT    OF    WASniNOTON. 


(Kaliiion)Klee.  The  former  owned  a  vineyard 
in  Germany,  and  made  wine  for  sale.  He  went 
to  'school  from  six  to  twelve  years  of  age,  and 
worked  at  home  till  he  was  seventeen.  In  1862 
he  went  to  Andernach,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  blacksmith  and  general  machinist,  in 
the  machine-shop  of  Frederick  Nachtsheim, 
serving  an  appenticeship  of  three  years.  He 
then  worked  in  the  pin,  needle  and  hook  factory 
of  Th.  Vohenpfennig,  at  Brohl,  for  nearly  one 
year. 

In  1867  he  came  to  America,  lirst  locating  in 
Readino;,  Pennsylvania,  wiiere  he  remained  for 
three  years.  He  went  from  there  to  Pittsburg, 
thence  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  finally  to  Chi- 
cago, where. he  worked  as  machinist  during  the 
summer  of  1870.  At  that  time  Governor  Sal- 
omon was  trying  his  best  to  induce  people  to 
emigrate  to  Washington  Territory.  In  August, 
1870,  about  120  persons  went  from  Chicago  to 
San  Francisco,  where  Mr.  Klee  tried  to  find 
work,  but  failed.  He,  with  the  others,  took  a 
steamer  for  Puget  Sound.  After  a  six- days' 
voyage,  the  boat  landed  at  Steilacoom.  The 
immigrants  were  taken  to  Steilacoom  garrison, 
where  Mr.  Klee  remained  for  four  days,  and  all 
his  clotlies  were  stolen.  He  then  went  to  Puy- 
allup  and  entered  a  ranch,  which  he  worked  for 
one  year,  and  left,  intending  to  find  work.  He 
was  told  that  he  could  find  work  at  Kalama,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Being  penniless, 
he  was  compelled  to  walk  from  Puyallup  to 
Kalama,  a  distance  of  140  miles,  all  alone. 
There  he  failed  to  find  work  for  nearly  a  month. 
This  was  one  of  the  darkest  periods  of  Mr. 
Klee's  life. 

Through  the  aid  of  Governor  Salomon  he 
finally  obtained  work  on  a  ranch  owned  by  a 
Mr.  Bloomfield,  of  Portland.  After  working 
there  for  a  few  months,  he  walked  back  to  the 
Sound  and  farmed  for  four  years  on  the  Nes- 
qually  flats.  In  1875  he  came  to  New  Tacoma 
and  found  work  in  Mr.  David  Lister's  foundry. 
(Mr.  Lister  was  the  first  machinist  in  the  new 
town.)  Mr.  Klee  worked  there  for  seven  years. 
With  the  first  §15  he  saved  he  bought  a  lot  on 
Ptailroad  and  Thirteenth  streets,  paying  flOO, 
and  115  down,  which  he  sold  in  1877  for  $520. 
After  this,  he  continued  to  buy  and  sell, 
making  money  on  each  transaction. 

In  the  fall  of  1881,  being  out  of  work,  he 
made  a  trip  to  Germany,  visiting  his  mother, 
his  fathei-  having  died  in  1875.  In  a  short  time 
he  returned  to  this  country,  bringing  his  mother, 


sister  and  brother.  Soon  afterward  he  bought 
a  flour-mill  on  Steilacoom  lake,  for  $3,000,  in 
partnership  with  Fred  Nachtsheim,  but  about 
two  years  afterward  sold  his  interest  for  $1,300 
and  returned  to  Tacoma. 

April  24,  1884,  Mr.  Klee  was  first  married, 
in  Tacoma,  to  Miss  Mary  Anne  Niesen,  a 
daughter  of  John  Niesen,  of  Steilacoom.  He 
had  thi'ee  children  with  her:  Anna,  John  and 
Thekla.  His  wife  died  December  6,  1888;  the 
two  younger  children  also  died  the  same  year. 
In  1888  Mr.  Klee  went  into  partnei-ship  with 
Jacob  Bauerle  and  started  the  Tacoma  Furniture 
Factor}',  on  South  Twenty-fifth,  East  H.  In 
January,  1890,  Bauerle  sold  his  interest,  and  Mr. 
Klee  then  went  into  partnership  with  Gustav 
Bresemann. 

October  4,  1890,  he  was  married  in  St.  Lso 
Catholic  church,  to  Miss  Anna  Schraitz,  a  niece 
of  Mr.  Nachtsheim,  and  a  native  of  Andernach, 
Prussia.  They  had  two  children:  Maria  Eliza- 
beth Ch.  and  Joseph.  In  June,  1893,  he  lost 
his  two  girls,  within  five  days  of  each  other. 
Anna,  the  older,  being  eight  years  and  six 
months  old,  died  June  3,  and  Elizabeth,  twenty 
months  old,  died  on  the  8th  of  the  same  month. 
Mr.  Klee  is  a  Catholic,  and  a  member  of  the 
German  Holy  Rosary  Church,  Tacoma  avenue 
and  Thirtieth  streets.  He  also  lielongs  to  the 
Gerinania  Society. 

d JAMES  E.  LEONARD,  one  of  the  leading 
grocers  of  Chehalis,  was  born  in  Potter 
—  county,  Pennsylvania,  December  3,  1865, 
a  son  of  Peter  and  Martha  (Peet)  Leonard,  na- 
tives of  New  York.  The  father  died  March  21, 
1893,  and  the  mother  now  resides  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

James  E.  Leonard,  the  oldest  of  seven  chil- 
dren, received  his  educationin  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  State,  and  after  arriving  at  man- 
hood began  work  in  a  factory.  He  was  next 
engaged  in  the  livery  business  in  Potter  county 
two  years,  afterward  was  engaged  in  buying 
and  selling  stock,  and  in  1890  located  in  Che- 
halis, Washington.  During  the  first  year  he 
was  a  contractor  for  house  and  decorative  paint- 
ing, after  which  he  engaged  in  ins  present  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Leonard  carried  a  large  stock  of 
everything  to  be  found  in  a  grocery  store,  and 
also  conducts  a  general  meat  market,  supplying 


illSTORT    OF    WAsainafON. 


choice  fresh  and  salt  meats  at  tlie  most  liberal 
rates.  Being  a  good  judge  of  cattle,  Mr. 
Leonard  buys  and  kills  his  own  beef,  pork  and 
mutton,  thereby  having  an  advantage  over  those 
who  purchase  through  the  wholesale  firms.  Al- 
though he  has  been  carrying  on  the  present 
business  one  year,  he  has  a  lucrative  and  con- 
stantly increasing  trade  in  both  branches.  He 
also  owns  fifteen  acres  of  land  near  the  city,  and 
business  and  residence  property  in  Chehalis.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Leonard  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican, and  while  a  resident  of  Potter  county, 
Pennsylvania,  tilled  the  office  of  Constable.  He 
has  taken  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs  in 
this  county,  and  has  served  as  chief  of  the  fire 
department  of  Chehalis  one  year.  He  has  great 
faith  in  the  future  prosperity  of  this  thriving 
city. 


'j^OBERT  B.    lUlYAN,  the  first  State 
r^v'    Supei'lntciideiit    of     Public    Listruction 
I    ^  electt'il  in  AVnshington,  was  born  in  Han- 
•f/  cock  county.  ( )|ji(),  August  1,  1842.  He 

is  a  descendant  of  L-ish  ancestors,  his  great- 
grandfather Bryan  having  emigrated  from  the 
Emerald  Isle  to  this  country  previous  to  the 
Revolntionary  war,  and  having  served  eight 
years  in  the  Colonial  army.  After  the  war  his 
grandfather  Bryan  was  for  some  time  employed 
as  surveyor  in  Ohio,  and  about  1801  took  up 
his  permanent  residence  there.  His  son,  Elias 
L.,  the  father  of  Robert  B.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  and  was  educated  for  the 
medical  profession.  He  practiced  in  Hancock 
and  Defiance  counties,  Ohio,  and,  later,  in 
Johnson,  Mitchell  and  Cass  counties,  Iowa, 
where  he  passed  the  closing  years  of  his  life. 
He  married  Pamelia  Ayre,  a  native  of  INew 
York,  whose  death  in  1844  deprived  Robert  B. 
of  a  mother's  loving  care. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools.  In  1857  he 
entered  Mitchell  Academy,  at  Mitchell,  Iowa, 
wliich  institution  was  subsequently  merged  into 
the  Cedar  Valley  Seminary,  in  which  he  re- 
mained a  student  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Young  Bryan  was  among  the  early  volun- 
teers. He  enlisted  with  the  Third  Iowa  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  Company  I,  Captain  51.  M. 
Trumbull.      Up   to    March,  1862,  he  served  in 


Missouri,  was  then  transferred  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Tennessee,  and  his  first  heavy  en- 
gagement was  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  September 
11,  1862,  Mr.  Bryan  was  mustered  out  on  ac- 
count of  so-called  pulmonary  consumption,  and 
went  to  Wisconsin.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he 
re-enlisted  in  the  Seventh  Wisconsin  Infantry, 
in  what  was  known  as  the  Iron  Brigade,  and 
served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the 
First  and  Fifth  Corps,  taking  part  in  all  the  en- 
gagements, except  during  five  weeks  in  1864, 
when  he  was  laid  up  in  the  hospital  from  the 
effect  of  wounds.  For  honorable  service  he  was 
successively  promoted  and  commissioned  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  but  his  company  was  so  reduced 
in  iiumbei-s  by  the  misfortunes  of  battle  that  he 
never  tilled  the  latter  office,  though  he  had  com- 
mand of  his  company  during  the  disability  of 
the  Captain.  His  last  fight  was  at  Appomat- 
to.\,  and,  after  taking  part  in  the  grand  review 
at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  he  was 
mustered  out  July  3,  1865. 

The  war  over,  Mr.  Bryan  returned  to  Iowa 
and  enoai;eil  in  tcai-Iiiiio  school  in  Tamacounty, 
where  he  w,.  tl,u-  urmpied  until  1869.  That 
year  he  reino\eil  to  Linn  county,  Kansas,  and 
continued  teaching  in  the  public  schools.  He 
was  principal  successivelv  of  the  Ossawatomie, 
Mound  City  and  Pleatunton  schools  until  1874, 
when  he  was  elected  School  Superintendent  of 
Linn  county,  and  filled  the  office  four  years.  In 
1880  he  purchased  the  Linn  County  Clarion  at 
Mound  City,  and  from  that  time  until  1883  de- 
voted his  attention  to  newspaper  work.  He 
sold  out  in  1883,  and  the  following  year  came 
to  the  Pacific  coast.  After  spending  ten  months 
in  traveling  over  various  parts  of  California  he 
came  north,  taught  school  near  Portland  five 
months,  and  in  January,  1886,  arrived  in 
Olympia.  Here  he  found  employment  as  com- 
positor in  the  Partisan  office  for  eight  months, 
after  whicii  he  secured  the  position  as  principal 
of  the  public  schools  at  Montesano,  Chehalis 
county.  In  1887  lie  was  elected  School  Super- 
intendent of  that  county,  and  filled  the  office 
until  the  spring  of  1889.  At  the  first  State 
election  he  was  chosen  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
During  his  incumbency  the  schools  of  Wash- 
ington have  largely  increased  in  number  and 
efficiency,  and  his  ability  as  an  educator  has 
been  fully  demonstrated. 

Mr.  Bryan  was  married  at  Buckingham, 
Tama   county,   Iowa,  in    1869,  to    Miss    Nancy 


msTonr  of  wjuhinoton. 


Hitchner,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  liave  two 
children:  Grace  and  Robert  W.,  the  former  be- 
ing the  wife  of  E.  E.  Dawdy. 

Socially,  Mr.  Bryan  affiliates  with  the  Koyal 
Arch  Masons,  and  is  a  member  of  Garfield  Post, 
G.  A.  R. 


fPljOBERT    DOAK     ATTRIDGE,    a    re- 
r^'    spected  pioneer  and  prominent  citizen  of 
I    ^  Jefferson  county,  AVashinglon,  was  born 
■^  in  Bathurst,  New  Brunswick,  August  10, 

1834.  His  parents,  Arthur  and  Margaret 
(Dawson)  Attridge,  were  of  Enolifh  and  Scotch 
ancestry,  and  were  worthy  and  wcll-to-du  farm- 
era.  The  subject  of  this  sketcli  was  reared  on 
the  home  farm  and  attended  the  schools  at 
Chatham  and  Doaktown,  New  Brunswick,  the 
latter  town  having  been  founded  by  his  maternal 
ancestors,  who  were  there  prominently  con- 
cerned in  farming  and  in  wool  and  flour-milling 
interests.  When  nineteen  years  of  age,  young 
Attridge  started  out  in  life  for  himself,  going 
first  to  Bangor,  Maine,  where  he  found  employ- 
ment in  the  lumbering  districts  and  pine  woods 
on  the  Penobscot  river,  and  there  remained  two 
years.  During  this  time  he  employed  his  leis- 
ure moments  in  reading  Cooper's  novels,  from 
which  he  learned  of  the  great  West,  and  being 
of  an  adventurous  spirit,  he  started,  in  1855,  to- 
ward the  setting  sun.  In  due  time  he  arrived 
in  Stillwater,  Minnesota,  where  he  found  em- 
ployment with  Hersey,  Staples  &  Company,  of 
Old  Town,  Maine,  with  whom  he  remained  in 
lumbering  and  other  occupations  until  1859. 
Then,  retracing  his  steps  to  New  York  city,  he 
embarked  by  the  Panama  route  for  San  Fran- 
cisco, whence  he  proceeded  on  the  old  steamer 
"  Northerner"  to  Puget  Sound.  Among  the 
passengers  on  the  latter  boat  were  General  Win- 
held  Scott  and  staff,  on  their  way  to  investigate 
the  San  Juan  island  complication. 

On  arriving  in  Port  Towusend,  Mr.  Attridge 
went  to  the  old  milling  port  of  Utsaladdy,  where 
he  secured  emjiloyment  about  the  mills,  contin- 
uing to  be  thus  engaged  for  two  years.  At  the 
end  of  that  time,  in  1861,  he  and  his  brother, 
Richard,  removed  to  Whidby  island,  and  en- 
gaged in  cutting  ship  masts,  under  contract 
with  an  English  Arm  at  Victoria.  In  this  they 
were  employed  for  three  years,  when  business 
declined  and  he  and  his  brother  sold  their  inter- 


est in  the  business.  Mr.  Attridge,  of  this 
notice,  then  entered  the  employ  of  Amos,  Phin- 
ney  &  Company,  of  the  Port  Ludlow  niill,''aDd 
tilled  various  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility 
in  their  employ  until  he  resigned,  in  1869,  to 
engage  in  the  hotel  business  at  Port  Ludlow,  in 
which  he  has  continued  to  the  present  time. 
His  liouse  is  a  favorite  stopping  place  with  all 
who  have  enjoyed  its  prompt  and  efficient  ser- 
vice, and  he  has  justly  met  with  success  and 
prosperity.  Besides  his  hotel  interests,  Mr.  Att- 
ridge owns  320  acres  of  choice  land  in  Chima- 
cum  valley,  eighty  of  which  are  under  cultiva- 
tion. There  he  follows  farming,  dairying  and 
the  stock  business,  all  of  which  have  proved 
mo?t  profitable  under  his  capable  management. 

In  1874  Mr.  Attridge  was  married,  in  San  . 
Francisco,  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Hall,  daughter  of 
Captain  Isaac  Hall,  of  the  firm  of  Hall  Brothers, 
prominent  ship-builders  of  Port  Blakeley.  She 
is  a  native  of  Massachusetts  and  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Governor  Wiuslow,  of  Puritan 
ancestry.  They  have  two  children:  Harriette 
H.  and  Arthur  Winslow. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Attridge  is  a  member  of  the 
Eighteenth  degree,  Scottish  Rite,  F.  &.  A.  M. 
He  is  Republican  in  politics,  and  served  for  six 
years  as  County  Commissioner,  besides  fre- 
quently acting  as  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Republican  committees.  He  resides  on  his  farm 
near  Port  Ludlow,  although  owning  valuable 
property  in  the  cities  of  Port  Townsend  and 
Seattle,  finding  his  greatest  pleasure  in  rural 
pursuits  and  domestic  associations.  Notwith- 
standing a  retiring  disposition,  he  is  progressive 
and  public-spirited,  and  prompt  in  aiding  tlie 
advancement  of  his  community,  of  which  he  is 
a  prominent  and  worthy  resident. 


BRADFORD  WEST  DAYIS,  a  resident 
of  Olympia,  Washington,  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  interests  of  this  portion  of 
the  Northwest  all  his  life.  He  was  born  at 
Claquato,  Lewis  county,  Washington  Territory, 
April  19,  1855. 

Levi  A.  Davis,  his  father  was  a  native  of 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  born  in  March,  1832,  and 
was  reared  as  a  farmer  and  miller.  In  1851  he 
crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents  to  Oregon, 
passing  the  first  winter  in  Portland,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1852  coming  to  Lewis  county  and  lo- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


eating  on  the  Chelialis  river,  where  they  subse- 
quently established  the  town  of  Claqnato 
(roiling  prairie).  Levi  A.  was  married  in  Lewis 
county,  March  19,  1854,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  King, 
a  native  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  who  emi- 
grated to  Oregon  with  her  father  in  1851, 
coming  across  the  plains  in  the  same  train  with 
the  Davis  party.  Mr.  Davis  then  located  his 
donation  claim  adjoining  his  father's,  and  there 
engaged  in  the  milling  business,  at  first  operat- 
ing a  sawmill,  and  in  1859  completing  liis  flour 
mill  at  Claquato.  He  continued  milling  until 
1870,  when  he  sold  out,  still,  however,  retaining 
his  farming  interests.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
to  the  Territorial  Legislature  by  the  RejMiblican 
party.  During  the  same  year  he  and  Charles 
Granger  secured  the  mail  contract  between 
Olympia  and  Monticello,  on  the  Columbia  river, 
and  operated  the  same  for  six  year.s.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  County  Commissioner.  In  1886 
he  and  his  three  sons:  Syrenus  A.,  Harry  K. 
and  Lewis  H.,  proceeded  to  the  Big  Bottom,  on 
the  upper  Cowlitz  river,  and  there  each  located 
a  homestead,  "  packing"  their  supplies  a  dis- 
tance of  seventy-live  miles,  and  reclaiming  and 
developing  farming  interests  in  the  midst  of 
that  remote  but  delightful  mountain  scenery. 
They  kept  about  300  head  of  cattle,  and  during 
the  summer  of  1891  cut  and  cured  eighty-five 
tons  of  hay. 

Bradford  W.  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  improving  such  ed- 
licational  advantages  as  the  locality  afforded.  In 
1869  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Pacific  Tribune, 
at  Olympia,  to  learn  the  printer's  trade,  remain- 
ing the  eighteen  months.  After  that  he  was 
employed  in  the  office  of  the  Puget  Sound 
Courier  one  year.  Then,  returning  to  his  home 
at  Claquato,  he  clerked  in  the  country  store  of 
George  J.  Hogue  until  1876,  after  which  he 
was  employed  as  printer  until  September,  1883, 
working  successively  on  the  Express,  at  Steila- 
coom,  the  Dispatch,  at  Seattle,  the  Courier  and 
the  Olympia  Transcript,  at  Olympia.  In  1888 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster,  under 
J.  I^.  Gale,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until 
1888.  The  following  February  he  was  em- 
ployed as  bookkeeper  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  in  which  position  he  rendered  etlicient 
service  until  June,  1889.  Not  long  after  that 
he  became  chief  clerk  for  O.  C.  White,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Territory,  and  when  Washington 
was  admitted  as  a  State  and  Allen  Weir  was 
elected  Secretary,  Mr.  Davis  was  continued  in 


the  same  CHpacity.  Pie  is  still  (1893)  chief 
clerk  for  Secretary  of  State,  being  retained  in 
that  position  by  Hon.  James  II.  Price,  who  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Weir  as  Secretary.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber and  assistant  secretary  of  the  Republican 
convention  which  nominated  the  first  State 
officers,  being  one  of  three  native  sons  in  at- 
tendance. 

He  was  married  in  Olympia,  in  May,  1888, 
to  Miss  Anna  Pattison,  a  luxtive  of  Thurston 
county,  Washington,  and  a  daughter  of  James 
and  Jane  Pattison,  pioneers  of  1849. 

Mr.  Davis  is  a  charter  member  of  Capital 
Lodge,  No.  15,  K.  of  P.,  and  is  Past  Chancellor 
of  the  order. 


[lUDGE  D.  J.  CROWLEY,  one  of  the  best 
h-V  known  men  in  Washington  and  the  North- 
^^  west,  distinguished  alike  for  ability  and 
sterling  worth  of  character,  was  born  near 
Bangor,  Maine,  February  11,  1854.  His  pa- 
rents, Bartholomew  and  Julia  M.  Crowley,  were 
old  and  esteemed  residents  of  the  Pine  Tree 
State,  whence  his  father  went  to  California,  in 
1856,  during  the  height  of  the  gold  excitement. 
In  1858,  the  family  joined  him,  going  via  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama.  The  father  first  settled  in 
Nevada  county,  California,  near  the  town  of 
Grass  Valley,  where  he  eventually  engaged  in 
farming,  and  whence  he  removed,  in  1887,  to 
Los  Angeles. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in 
Nevada  county  and  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Forest  Springs.  He  subsequently 
had  charge  of  the  grammar  department  of  the 
public  schools  in  Nevada  City,  from  which  posi- 
tion he  went  into  the  law  office  of  Hon.  Niles 
Searls,  who  afterward  became  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  California.  Mr.  Crowley 
was  admitted  to  the  County  and  District  Courts 
in  Nevada  City  in  1874,  and  to  the  Supreme 
Court  in  October,  1876.  He  began  his  practice  in 
Nf\  ad;i  ( 'it^■.  wlici'o  hi' ciui tin iicd  ;i,l)outayear  and 
tlicii  reiiK.v'nl  t(.  'IVii.-kre,  tlif  .-aiiie  State,  where 
lu'  was  engaged  in  arli\c  praetiee  about  three 
years,  when,  in  February,  1880,  he  went  Walla 
Walla.  He  there  entered  into  partnership  with 
N.  T.  Caton,  with  whom  he  continued  three 
years,  after  which  he  became  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Allen,  Thompson  &  Crowley,  which 
title    subsecjuently    became    Allen    &    Crowley, 


C7g 


IIltiTOliT    OF    WASHtlS'GTON. 


continuing  thus  until  the  election  of  Mr.  John 
B.  Allen  to  the  Senate.  Mr.  Crowley  removed 
in  February,  1891,  to  Tacoma,  where  he  formed 
with  P.  C.  Sullivan  the  partnership  which  has 
been  profitably  continued  ever  since.  They  en- 
joy well  merited  prominence  in  their  profession 
and  have  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  them.  Mr.  Crowley  is  an  active  member 
of  the  Bar  Association  of  Washington,  which 
numbers  some  of  the  leading  lights  of  the  fra- 
ternity in  the  Northwest. 

The  public  career  of  Mr.  Crowley  is  ]jarticu- 
larly  notable,  covering  as  it  does  a  good  portion 
of  his  residence  in  Washington.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1889, 
representing  the  county  of  Walla  Walla,  and  he 
served  on  the  Judiciary  Committee  and  acted  as 
Chairman  of  the  Apportionment  Committee. 
He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  California 
judiciary  system,  which  is  practically  drafted 
into  the  Constitution  of  the  State.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  State  Convention  of  the 
Republican  party,  which  was  held  in  Walla 
Walla,  previous  to  which  he  served  in  the 
Territorial  conventions  continuously,  with  the 
exception  of  one  session,  from  the  time  of  his 
arrival  in  Washington.  His  actions  have  al- 
ways been  characterized  by  the  highest  motives 
and  most  able  judgment,  and  he  justly  enjoys 
widespread  esteem  throughout  the  Northwest, 
where  he  is  well  and  favorably  known. 

May  5,  1891,  Judge  Crowley  was  married  in 
Walla  Walk,  to  Miss  Sarah  Lynch,  a  native  of 
that  city  and  a  lady  of  estimable  worth  of 
character. 

It  is  to  such  men  of  sterling  principles  and 
energetic  nature  that  Washington  owes  its  pres- 
ent proud  position  in  the  sisterhood  of  States, 
and  although  among  the  youngest  of  that  brill- 
iant throng,  she  ranks  favorably  with  the  oldest 
in  all  that  goes  to  make  a  great  commonwealth. 

-.,     ■ t,.-^,.l..r^,r •     ,-. 

AMES  PATTISON,  a  resident  of  Olym- 
ff  11  P'^  ^'^^  ^"  Ijonored  pioneer  of  1849,  was 
born  in  Randolph  county,  Illinois,  Decem- 
ber 26,  1824.  His  father,  William  Rattison,  a 
native  of  Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1805,  and  settled  in  South  Carolina,  where  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Munford.  About  1822  he 
removed  to  Illinois  and  engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  a  machinist  and  did  considerable  work 


in  connection   with  cotton  gins  and  rice  mills. 

James  Pattison  remained  with  his  parents 
until  1848,  when  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jane 
Wyllie,  a  native  of  Scotland.  Preparations 
were  then  made  for  crossing  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  and  April  10,  1849,  the  little  company 
set  forth,  composed  of  William  Pattison,  wife 
and  sister,  with  his  six  sons  and  the  wives 
of  James  and  another  son.  They  had  three 
wagons,  drawn  by  horses,  mules  and  oxen. 
The  crossed  the  Missouri  river  at  St.  Joseph  on 
the  sixth  of  May,  and,  proceeding  by  the  Forts 
Kearney  and  Laramie  and  the  South  Pass,  they 
reached  the  Dalles  on  November  3.  The 
brother's  wife  died  in  Ash  Hollow,  on  the 
l^latte  river, and  the  aunt  on  the  Blue  mountains, 
both  being  buried  in  lonely  graves  by  the  way- 
side. Excepting  these  bereavements,  the  journey 
was  only  marked  by  the  usual  hardships,  fatigue 
and  wearisome  travel.  It  being  too  late  to 
cross  the  Cascade  mountains,  they  made  a  raft 
at  the  Dalles  and  floated  their  effects  to  the 
Cascades,  the  animals  being  driven  by  the  trail. 
While  in  camp  at  the  Cascades  they  were 
caught  in  a  snow-storm  and  suffered  great 
hardship  for  want  of  shelter  and  food.  Their 
tent  being  about  worn  out,  their  strength 
exhausted  from  the  long  journey,  food  gone 
and  their  only  subsistence  being  dried  salmon 
and  potatoes  which  they  procured  from  the 
Indians,  their  misery  can  be  imagined.  Thus 
they  remained  for  three  weeks,  until  the  Indians 
could  be  pursuaded  to  bring  them  down  the 
river.  The  stock  had  been  driven  ahead  but  all 
died  except  two  mules. 

Duly  arriving  at  Vancouver,  they  hired  to  a 
representative  of  the  Government,  and  were 
employed  in  hewing  timber,  thus  securing  food 
for  the  winter.  They  remained  until  March, 
1850,  when  they  hired  Indians  to  take  them  up 
the  Willamette  river  to  Linn  City,  the  present 
site  of  Oregon  City.  There  they  found  work 
until  July,  when  they  hired  a  boat  and  the  en- 
tire family  started  for  the  Cowlitz  river,  part  of 
the  family  remaining  on  the  bottom  lands  to 
raise  a  supply  of  jJOtatoes,  and  part  proceeding 
to  the  Newaukum  prairie  to  put  in  a  crop  of 
wheat.  The  family  again  united  in  the  spring 
of  1851  and  proceeded,  amidst  great  hardships 
of  travel  from  muddy  roads,  frequently  cutting 
their  own  trail,  to  Chambers  prairie,  and  there 
located  their  donation  claims,  640  acres  to  man 
and  wife,  and  320  acres  to  each  single  man. 
About  1S61  the  parents  and  certain  of  the  sons 


HISTORY    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


went  to  Lane  county,  Oregon,  where  tlie  parents 
subsequently  died.  Eobert  is  still  living  near 
Eugene,  Lane  county,  and  Charles  near  Cor- 
valiis,  Benton  county,  each  engaged  in  farming. 
James  and  Nathan  remained  on  Chambers 
prairie,  continuing  their  farming  and  stocl< 
interests  up  to  1865,  when  they  removed  to 
Olympia,  purcliasing  town  property,  and  have 
since  engaged  in  real-estate  speculations  and  the 
loaning  of  money.  Nathan,  being  unmarried, 
still  lives  with  his  brother.  Their  financial 
interests  are  largely  centered  in  Olympia,  though 
they  still  own  the  original  640  acres  of  their 
father's  claim. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pattison  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, only  two  of  whoni  remain,  James  R.  and 
Annie.  The  latter  is  the  wife  of  Brad  W. 
Davis.  James  R.  was  born  in  Thurston  county 
in  1858,  was  educated  in  Olympia,  and  was 
married  to  Miss  Cora  M.  Ferguson,  of  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  June  1, 1893.  He  is  engaged 
in  the  real-estate  business.  The  handsome 
home  of  this  worthy  pioneer  is  located  on  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Quincy  streets,  where  he 
and  his  family  are  surrounded  by  all  the  com- 
forts of  life. 

Thus,  briefly  is  depicted  the  pioneer  life  of 
1849,  and  one  can  but  honor  the  strength  and 
courage  which  induced  the  emigration,  and  re- 
joice in  the  prosperity  which  has  attended 
these  brave  men. 

'^^^^^^ 


E!)  EXJAMIX  F.  PATTEN  was  born  in 
I  Brown  county,  Ohio,  on  April  12,  1841. 
— ^  His  parents  were  James  and  Margaret 
(Cline)  Patten,  the  former  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania. 

Benjamin  F.  was  reared  in  Ohio,  and  when 
twenty-six  years  old  removed  to  Nebraska, 
about  four  miles  from  Lincoln,  where  he  lived 
for  more  than  ten  years.  In  October,  1878,  he 
came  to  Washington,  first  locating  on  Lake 
Washington,  where  he  remained  nearly  three 
years,  and  then  bought  his  present  home  and 
property,  consisting  of  102  acres,  none  of  which 
was  cleared  when  he  bought  it.  He  now  has  in 
cultivation  forty  acres,  mostly  devoted  to  hops. 
He  was  married  in  Ohio,  on  September  28, 
1864,  to  Miss  Nancy  Mc Williams.  They  have 
four  children,  viz.:  Laura  B.,  John  H.,  Benja- 
min and  Elmer  E. 


Mr.  Patten  entered  the  United  States  army 
on  June  5,  1801,  enlisting  in  Company  K, 
Twelfth  Ohio  Infantry.  He  was  in  numerous 
noted  engagements  of  the  Civil  war,  among 
which  were  the  battles  of  Carnife.x  Ferry,  second 
Bull  Run,  Fredeiick,  South  Mountain  and  An- 
tietam.    He  was  mnstered  out  in  July,  1864. 

Mr.  Patten  is  a  member  of  the  General  Grover 
Post,  No.  51,  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican politically. 


IjlLLIAM  BILLINGS,  well  and  favor- 
ably known  to  tlie  residents  of  Wash- 
ington as  the  Sheriff  of  Tiiurston  county 
for  nearly  twenty-five  years,  was  born  in  Addi- 
son county,  Vermont,  in  1827. 

His  father.  Parson  Billings,  was  a  native  of 
Connecticut,  descended  from  Puritan  ancestors, 
his  forefathers  belonging  to  a  sturdy  race  of 
men  who  followed  the  sea.  He  married  Miss 
Eunice  Alden,  lineally  descended  from  John 
Alden,  of  historic  fame. 

William  Billings  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Vermont,  and  remained  with  his  parents 
upon  the  farm  until  his  nineteenth  year,  when 
the  proclivities  of  his  ancestors  became  mani- 
fest in  him,  and,  going  to  New  Bedford,  Massa- 
chusetts, he  shipped  upon  a  whaling  vessel  for 
a  long  cruise  which  carried  him  along  the  coast 
of  Africa,  thence  into  the  northwest  seas,  via 
the  Sandwich  islands.  While  at  Honolulu  in 
1849,  he  heard  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia, left  his  vessel,  and  upon  a  merchant  ship 
as  a  common  sailor  worked  his  way  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, arriving  July  4,  of  that  year.  He  went 
to  the  mines  on  Feather  and  Yuba  rivers.  Not, 
however,  immediately  realizing  his  exalted  an- 
ticipations of  the  abundance  of  free  gold,  he 
prospected  around  for  a  short  time,  then  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco,  and  by  sailing  vessel 
came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  arriving  in  Suj)tem- 
ber,  1849.  Here  he  engaged  in  lumbering  and 
hewing  timber  until  August,  1851,  when  he 
visited  Olympia  and  the  headwaters  of  the  Sound, 
returning  to  Portland  the  same  fall.  With  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Queen  Charlotte  mining 
excitement,  he  organized  a  company  of  seventy 
men,  purchased  the  brig  Eagle,  and  with  neces- 
sary supplies  started  for  the  mines.  The  pros- 
pecting revealed  plenty  of  g»l(i,  but  as  it  was 
all   in   quartz,  and  as   they  had   no  facilities  for 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


mining,  lie  returned  to  Olympia,  arriving  in 
June,  1852.  He  then  located  a  donation  land 
claim  of  320  acres,  three  miles  below  Olympia, 
on  the  east  side,  and  there  engaged  in  the  lum- 
bering business,  which  he  followed  at  intervals 
up  to  1860.  With  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1855 
he  volunteered  in  Company  E,  First  Regiment, 
Captain  Gilmore  Hayes,  and  served  six  months, 
taking  part  in  the  engagements  of  White  river, 
Green  river  and  Soutli  prairie.  During  the 
Fraser  river  mining  excitement  in  1858-'59  he 
passed  eighteen  months  in  the  mining  district, 
but  was  chiefly  engaged  in  gardening  and  in 
running  a  pack-train  between  Spinlam  Flats 
and  Caribou. 

In  1860  Mr.  Billings  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
Thurston  county,  being  the  first  Republican 
official  elected  in  the  county.  In  the  latter  part 
of  1862  he  left  matters  in  the  charge  of  his 
deputy  while  he  went  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines.  He  prospected  a  short  time,  and  then 
established  a  ferry  across  the  Snake  river,  on 
the  main  line  of  travel.  After  a  few  months  he 
sold  out,  returned  to  Olympia,  and  was  ap- 
pointed carpenter  in  charge  of  the  Puyallup  In- 
dian reservation.  There  was  then  not  a  white 
resident  between  the  reservation  and  Steilacoom, 
and  for  weeks  at  a  time  bis  family  were  alone 
among  the  600  Indians.  He  remained  nearly 
five  years,  and  shortly  after  retirement  was  ap- 
pointed farmer  in  charge  of  the  Black  Kiver 
Agency,  where  he  superintended  300  Indians 
and  the  working  of  the  reservation.  He  re- 
turned to  Olympia  in  January,  1869,  and  was 
appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  for  J.  II.  Kellett,  and 
at  the  succeeding  election  was  again  elected 
Sheritf  of  the  county,  svhich  office  he  held 
continuously  up  to  January  12,  1891.  A  nota- 
ble circumstance  touching  his  service  and  the 
care  of  prisoners,  was  that,  in  1878,  he  con- 
tracted with  the  Territory  to  build  a  jail  at  his 
own  expense,  take  all  prisoners  from  point  of 
conviction,  and  care  for,  board,  clothe  and  pro- 
tect them  during  confinement,  at  the  price  of 
70  cents  each  per  day,  he  being  permitted  to 
use  their  services  as  he  should  see  fit.  He 
built  his  jail  at  Seatco,  started  a  cooper  estab- 
lishment, developed  a  coal  mine,  and  organized 
the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors,  blinds  and 
lumber  as  the  Seatco  Manufacturing  Company, 
continuing  the  contract  labor  for  the  term  of 
nine  years.  In  1878,  by  reason  of  its  coal 
prospects,  he  bought  a  tract  of  eighty  acres  ad- 
joining the  town  of  Tenino,  which  property  he 


subsequently  deeded  to  his  son,  Charles  A. 
This  is  now  the  site  of  tlie  Tenino  stone  quar- 
ries. 

Mr.  Billings  was  married  in  Oregon,  in  1854, 
to  Miss  Mary  A.  Miller,  who  died  in  1855. 
He  was  married  at  Turn  water,  in  1861,  to  Miss 
Mary  Ann  Kandle,  who  died  in  1868,  leaving 
two  children,  one  of  whom,  Charles  A.,  sur- 
vives. He  was  again  married  in  Olympia,  in 
1873,  to  Miss  Jeannette  M.  Ballentine.  They 
have  had  five  children,  namely:  Frederick  W., 
John  Alden,  Eunice  C,  Laura  A.  (deceased) 
and   Laura  Ethel. 

Mr.  Billings  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
chapter  and  commandery,  F.  &  A.  M.;  has  also 
taken  the  Scottish  rite  degree,  and  is  an  Ancient 
Odd  Fellow.  He  owns  a  ranch  of  forty-six 
acres  on  Chambers'  prairie,  eight  acres  being 
devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  hops,  and  fourteen 
acres  to  prunes,  his  orchard  being  among  the 
finest  in  the  county.  Ilis  two-story  brick  resi- 
dence, corner  of  Ninth  and  Washington  streets, 
was  built  in  1871,  the  first  brick  house  erected 
in  the  State.  By  wise  and  economic  invest- 
ments he  accumulated  a  large  property,  which 
he  has  judiciously  divided  among  his  several 
children.  He  is  a  man  of  genial  disposition 
and  social  temperament,  and  enjoys  an  extended 
acquaintance  tliroughout  the  State. 


loiIX  T.  FAWCETT  (deceased)  was  born 
1^1  in  Kalts  county,  North  Carolina,  on  Xo- 
V^  vember  19,  1814.  His  parents  were  Will- 
iam Fawcett,  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  Margaret 
(Carlyle)  Fawcett,  born  in  Philadelphia,  and 
descended  from  an  old  English  family. 

When  John  T.  was  thirteen  years  of  age,  the 
family  removed  to  Boone  county,  Missouri,  and 
it  was  there  he  lived  until  manhood,  both  par- 
ents having  died  meanwhile,  leaving  him  a  farm- 
ing property,  where  he  went  to  live.  He  was 
married  on  July  7,  1842,  and  with  his  wife  con- 
tinued to  reside  on  the  farm  until  1845,  when 
they  sold  their  place  and  removed  to  Boone 
county,  Missouri,  where  they  lived  until  1854, 
when  they  came  to  Washington,  making  the 
journey  via  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  at  which  place 
they  crossed  the  Missouri  river  on  May  1, 1854; 
thence  via  Forts  Kearney  and  Laramie  and  the 
Platte  river  (south  side)  to  Snake  river;  then 
down  the  Columbia  to  the  old  fort,  where  they 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


crossed  the  river  and  proceeded  to  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  locating  about  five  miles  from 
Fort  Steilacoom,  where  they  took  up  a  claim. 
Tiiey  remained  tiiere  until  186-4  and  then  went 
to  the  White  river,  where  Mrs.  Fawcett  now  re- 
sides, near  Slaughter.  When  they  first  took  tlie 
land,  it  required  the  combined  efforts  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fawcett  and  two  yoke  of  oxen  several  days 
to  clear  a  place  sufficiently  large  for  their  house. 
The  old  log  cabin  stands  there  to  day  close  to 
the  present  family  residence,  a  reminder  of 
their  early  hardships.  The  place  contains  IGO 
acres. 

Mrs.  Fawcett  was  formely  a  Miss  Ann  Cullin, 
a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Iteliecca  (Pennick) 
Cullin,  of  Warren  county,  Kentucky.  Her 
father  was  born  in  Halifax  county,  Virginia,  of 
a  Scottish  family.  Her  mother  was  born  and 
reared  in  Warren  county,  Kentucky.  Her 
family  is  of  English  descent  and  her  ancestors 
were  early  settlers  in  Kentucky.  She  is  the 
mother  of  a  large  family  of  children,  tiiere  be- 
ing six  living  and  two  dead.  Those  living  are: 
William,  now  a  resident  of  Tacoma;  Nancy, 
wife  of  John  T.  Stewart;  John,  James,  Adaline 
and  Emma.  Those  deceased  are:  Caroline,  who 
was  the  wife  of  John  Nelson,  and  Maria,  single, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  sixteen. 

Mr.  Fawcett's  death  occurred  on  September 
11,1887.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church  and  had  been  active  in  the  cliui'ch  from 
his  boyhood. 


^^^.,^^^,^, 


\\1)aLEKIUS    a.    MILKOY,   Postmaster  at 
vll    ^^'y'"P^^'  Washington,  was  born  at  Kens- 
— ^     selaer,    Jasper    county,   Indiana,   August 
17,  1855. 

His  parents,  Robert  H.  and  Mai-y  J.  (Armi- 
tage)  Milroy,  were  married  in  Indiana,  both  the 
Armitage  and  Milroy  families  being  among  tlie 
early  settlers  of  that  State.  Robert  H.  Milroy 
was  reared  to  farm  life  and  was  educated  at 
Norwich  Military  School,  Norwich,  Vermont, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Captain  Partridge. 
He  participated  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  after 
peace  was  declared  he  engaged  in  the  study  of 
law,  continuing  in  that  profession  until  tlie 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  war.  He  raised  the 
first  company  of  volunteers  in  Indiana,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1861,  at  the  first  call  for  troops,  and 
joined  the  Ninth  Indiana  Volunteer  Regiment. 


He  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  said  regiment, 
and  was  subsequently  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Major-General,  and  served  through  the  war. 
His  early  service  was  in  ^Vest  Virginia.  At 
Winchester  his  command  was  surrounded  by 
Lee's  army,  and,  rather  than  surrender,  he,  with- 
out orders,  cut  his  way  through.  For  this  act 
he  was  criticised,  but  was  exonerated  by  the 
Government;  was  stationed  at  TuUahoma,  Ten- 
nessee, to  guard  the  railroads  and  source  of  sup- 
ply of  the  army.  In  1866  he  removed  his  fam- 
ily to  Delphi,  Indiana,  and  there  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1870  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant  as  United  States  Marshal  of 
Wyoming,  and  his  appointment  was  confirmed 
by  the  Senate.  He  resigned,  however,  without 
qualifying.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  Super- 
intendent of  Indian  Affairs  of  Washington 
Territory,  and  removed  to  Olympia.  He  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  that  office  until  its  aboli- 
tion in  1874,  when  he  was  appointed  Indian 
Agent  for  Puyallup  and  Nesqually  re-ervations 
and  other  tribes  and  bands,  and  held  tlie  office 
until  the  agencies  were  consolidated  in  1881, 
when  he  was  appointed  Agent  at  Yakima  reser- 
vation to  fill  the  place  made  vacant  by  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Wilbur.  In  1885, 
with  the  change  of  administration,  he  resigned. 
Returning  to  Olympia,  he  retired  from  active 
life,  and  his  death  occurred  in  March,  1890,  at 
which  time  he  had  attained  the  adv^anced  age  of 
seventy-four  years.  His  widow  is  still  living. 
Valerius  A.  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city,  and  at  Delphi  and 
Olympia.  The  summer  of  1872  he  spent  with 
a  Government  surveying  party,  and  the. winter 
following  entered  a  printing  office  to  learn  that 
trade.  Thus,  alternating  summer  and  winter, 
he  worked  until  -1878,  when  he  entered  his 
father's  office  at  Olympia,  as  chief  clerk.  In 
January,  1881.  he  formed  a  co-])ai  tncrsliip  with 
M.  O'Connor,  and  engaged  in  the  livery  busi- 
ness, continuing  the  same  until  April,  1884. 
Then  he  joiued  his  father  at  the  Yakima  Indian 
reservation,  and  took  charge  of  the  commissary 
department.  He  remained  M'ith  his  father's 
successor  until  September,  1886,  when  he  re- 
signed. Then  for  a  few  months  he  clerked  in 
a  country  store  at  North  Yakima.  In  January, 
1S87,  he  went  to  Portland  and  took  a  course  at 
the  business  college,  and  upon  liis  return  to 
North  Yakima  he  continued  merchandising 
until  1889.  That  year  he  came  to  Olympia. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Olympia  by 


n I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


President  Harrison,  May  28,  1889,  and  tlie  ap- 
pointment was  confirmed  by  the  Senate  after 
tlie  convening  of  that  body  in  December  follow- 
ing. Tiie  oflHce  was  at  that  time  a  third-class 
one.  It  was  made  second-class  in  July,  1890, 
and  the  increased  population  of  tiie  city  soon 
necessitated  a  delivery  system,  which  was  in- 
augurated January  1,  1892. 

Mr.  Milroy  is  unmarried.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  Sons  of 
Veterans.  As  Postmaster,  he  is  efficient  and 
obliging,  discharging  the  duties  of  his  office  in 
a  most  creditable  manner  and  to  the  general 
satisfaction  of  all. 


E'dMUND  bailey,  keeper  of  the  light- 
house   and    fog-horn    at    Port     Wilson, 
1  Jefferson   county,   was  horn   in  Belmont 

county,  Ohio,  February  18,  1838,  a  sou  of  Ed- 
mund and  Margaret  (Downey)  Bailey.  The 
parents  had  thirteen  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  now  living.  lu  his  youth  Edmund  Bailey, 
Jr.,  lived  with  his  parents  on  a  farm,  and  in 
early  life  learned  the  carpenter  and  wagon- 
maker's  trades,  following  those  occupations  in 
various  places  during  his  residence  in  his  native 
State.  In  1874  he  grew  tired  of  Ohio,  and 
started  West,  arriving  in  Oregon,  where  he 
located  on  a  farm  near  Forest  Grove.  In  1880 
he  sold  his  land  there  and  went  to  Astoria,  that 
State,  where  he  was  employed  in  a  sawmill  two 
and  a  half  years,  and  for  the  following  two 
years  worked  in  a  fish  cannery.  In  1885  Mr. 
Bailey  enlisted  in  light-house  service,  and  was 
stationed  at  Cape  Foulweather,  as  second  assist- 
ant, but  was  soon  afterward  promoted  to  first 
assistant.  In  1888  he  was  transferred  to  Point 
AVilson,  Jefferson  county,  Washington,  near 
Port  Townsend,  as  principal  keejier,  and  has 
one  assistant.  Although  a  fourth-class  station, 
it  has  a  fog  whistle  and  engine,  and  all  are  well 
kept  and  in  first-class  order.  In  his  social  re- 
lations Mr.  Bailey  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.F., 
Xewport  Lodge,  No.  89,  of  Oregon. 

In  1877  he  made  a  short  visit  East,  and  in 
Linn  county,  Iowa,  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Webster,  who  died  in  the  summer  of  1879. 
In  1886  Mr.  Bailey  again  went  East,  and  in 
Lewis  county,  Kentucky,  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Emma  Cadwallader,  who  died  in 
the  fall  of  the  same  year.      In  1891  he  married 


Miss  Amanda  Andrews,  a  native  of  Clarke 
county,  Washington,  and  this  wife  died  in  1892. 
In  1893,  in  Jefferson  county,  Mr.  Bailey  was 
joined  in  marriage  with  Miss  Jessie  McKenzie, 
who  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1847,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Christina  (Carr)  McKenzie. 
Mrs.  Bailey  was  raised  in  Ontario,  and  about 
five  years  ago  came  to  Jefferson  county,  Wash- 
ington. 


I@:®^^ 


^^' 


JIOHN   W.   WAUGHOP,  M.  D.,  was  born 

t/ \\  in  Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  October  22, 
^^  1839.  He  is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  his  great 
grandfather  having  come  from  Scotland.  His 
parents,  Kichard  and  Mary  A.  (Bowman) 
Waughop,  were  born  in  Virginia.  They  both 
emigrated  to  Illinois  in  an  early  day  and  were 
married  in  1887.  His  father  with  his  first 
wife  came  by  team  all  the  way  from  Portsmouth, 
Virginia,  to  Peoria  (then  Fort  Clark),  Illinois. 
John  W.  is  the  second  of  eight  children  by  the 
second  marriage.  There  were  two  by  the  first 
marriage,  making  ten  in  all.  The  parents  were 
hospitable,  and  a  homeless  waif  was  added  to 
the  number  and  made  a  member  of  the  family 
and  raised  to  manhood.  They  were  upright, 
honest  people,  having  the  respect  of  all  who 
knew  them  and  Ijeiiig  iionored  by  their  children. 
They  were  exemplary  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  and,  like  other  farmers'  boys,  obtained 
his  early  education  at  the  country  school  in  the 
winter  months.  He  entered  Eureka  College, 
but  his  college  coui-se  was  interrupted  in  the 
second  year  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  Re- 
bellion. Pie,  with  other  college  students,  en- 
listed under  President  Lincoln's  call  for  75,000 
men  for  ninety  days,  and  formed  Company  G., 
Seventeenth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  with  a 
college  professor,  O.  A.  Burgess,  for  Captain. 
They  went  into  cafnp  in  Peoria.  At  the  end  of 
ninety  days  lie  eidisfed  '•  for  three  years  or 
during  the  war,  unless  sooner  discharged."  He 
served  with  his  regiment  during  the  first  half 
of  the  term,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Donelson 
and  Shiloii,  and  afterward  did  hospital  service 
at  Lake  Providence,  Lousiana,  and  Vicksburg. 
At  the  expiration  of  three  years'  service  he  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  in 
July,  1864.  After  leaving  the  army  he  took  a 
course  of  medical  lectures  in  the  University  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Michigan,  entering  in  the  fall  of  1864.  Thence 
he  entered  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital, 
Brooklyn,  and  graduated  in  June,  1865.  He 
began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  White  Cloud, 
Kaiieas,  and  was  elected  Mayor  of  that  city.  In 
tlie  latter  part  of  1866  he  moved  to  Blue  Island, 
near  Chicago,  Illinois,  where  he  remained  live 
years.  In  1871  he  lunvcil  to  Olyinpia,  Washing- 
ton Territory,  and  pi-ufticed  Ills  pidlVssion  there 
nine  years.  He  was  then,  in  the  fall  of  1880, 
offered  and  accepted  the  position  of  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Plospital  for  the  Insane  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  now  the  Western  Washington 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  and  has  remained  in 
that  capacity  ever  since. 

He  was  married  in  1866  to  Eliza  S.  Re.xtbrd, 
daughter  of  Hon.  Stephen  Re.xtord,  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Cook  county,  Illinois. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Waughop  have  one  son,  Dr. 
Philip  Re.xford  Waughop,  who  is  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  College,  class  of  1890,  and  of  the 
medical  department  of  the  same  college,  class 
of    1893. 

Dr.  Waughop  is  a  member  of  George  H. 
Thomas  Post,  Gr.  A.  E. ,  Olympia;  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medico-Psychological 
Association,  and  the  New  York  Medico-Legal 
Society.  He  is  also  at  the  present  time  (1893) 
President  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State 
of  Washington.  His  greatest  labors,  and  the 
principal  work  of  his  life,  have  been  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  Under 
liis  administration  line  bnildings  have  been 
erected  with  a  capacity  for  600  patients,  and  the 
insane  are  as  well  provided  for  there  as  in  older 
States. 


)j  OBERT  G.  CALDWELL,  the  leading 
dentist  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  McMinn 
county,  Tennessee,  in  Febiiiary,  18-t3,  a 
son  of  Robert  R.  and  Elizabeth  Cald- 
well, natives  respectively  of  South  Carolina  and 
Tennessee.  The  father  followed  carpentering 
until  1851,  when  he  moved  to  McDonald 
county,  Missouri,  a'ld  there  purchased  and  im- 
proved a  tine  farm. 

Robert  G.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reared  to  farm  life,  and  educated  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  locality.  Being  from  the  South, 
his  sympathies  were  naturally  with  that  people 
when  the  war  broke  out,  and  he  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Sixteenth  Missouri  Infantry.     He 


1^^ 


served  in  the  trans-Mississippi  Department;  re- 
mained at  the  front  until  the  Hual  surrender  at 
Shreveport,  Louisiana,  when  he  paroled  and  given 
transportation  hontie.  Mr.  Caldwell  enlisted  as 
a  private,  but  for  meritorious  services  was  pro- 
moted to  First  Sergeant.  He  followed  farming 
from  the  close  of  the  struggle  until  1873,  and 
in  that  year  embarked  in  merchandising  in 
Santa  Rosa,  California.  One  year  later  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  his  brother,  Francis  M.  Cald- 
well, to  learn  the  principles  of  dentistry,  and 
two  years  afterward  engaged  in  business  in 
Santa  Rosa.  In  the  summer  of  1880  he  came 
to  Seattle,  and  the  city  then  contained  a  popu- 
lation of  about  3,500,  and  Dr.  J.  C.  Grasse  was 
the  only  practicing  dentist  in  the  place.  Dr. 
Caldwell  at  once  opened  an  office,  and  since  that 
time  has  continued  in  general  practice.  In  1887 
he  joined  the  volunteer  fire  department,  was  on 
hand  at  the  general  alarm  in  June,  1889,  assisted 
in  laying  the  first  hose,  but,  the  water  supply 
being  insufficient,  a  destructive  fire  seemed  in- 
evitable. Going  to  his  own  office  the  Doctor 
removed  his  implements  and  furniture,  and  suf- 
fered but  slight  loss.  Ten  days  after  the  fire  he 
opened  an  office  in  a  tent  on  Second  street,  be- 
tween Marion  and  Madison  streets,  but  five 
months  later  removed  to  the  Seattle  block,  where 
he  remained  about  one  year:  then  he  moved  to 
the  Korii  block,  rooms  6  and  7,  where  he  is  now 
located. 

Mr.  Caldwell  was  married  in  Missouri,  in 
1868,  to  Miss  Margaret  M.  Brooks,  a  native  of 
Alabama.  They  have  seven  children,  four  sons 
and  three  daughters.  The  family  reside  on  the 
corner  of  Ninth  and  Pine  streets,  where  the  Doc- 
tor completed  a  beautiful  home  in  1884.  He 
also  owns  other  property  in  the  city,  and  fifteen 
acres  of  well-improved  land  on  the  Dwamish 
river.  Socially  he  affiliates  with  the  A.  O.  U. 
M.,  Woodrnen'of  the  World,  Golden  Sliore  and 
Royal  Good  Fellows. 


GB.  ZABRISKIE.— The  firm  of  Geiger  & 
Zabriskie  was  organized  in  1888,  and  the 
individual  members  of  the  same  are 
Henr}'  O.  Geiger  and  C.  B.  Zabriskie.  They 
engaged  in  a  general  contracting  business,  but 
made  a  speciality  of  dredging  and  harbor  work, 
and  wharf-building.  Their  work  has  been  con- 
fined to  the   Puget  Sound.     They  dredged  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


first  channel  made  from  the  head  of  tlie  bay  to 
the  Northern  Pacific  drawbridge — tliis  being  the 
first  dredging  done  on  the  Soiind ;  and  they  built 
most  of  the  docks  along  that  channel.  Ainong 
6ome  of  the  most  important  pieces  of  work  exe- 
cuted by  the  firin  were  the  construction  of  the 
foundation  for  the  Puget  Sound  Flouring  Mills, 


i\v 


ile-drivina  for  the  Northern    Pacific  track 


running  to  Old  Town,  the  construction  of  the 
bulkhead  for  the  Land  Company,  the  building 
of  the  Port  Defiance  motor  line,  which  work 
was  done  in  about  sixty  days;  also  the  Steila- 
coom  electric  line, — eleven  miles  long;  the  con- 
struction of  the  dyke  on  the  Snohomish  river — 
twenty  miles  long.  They  have  now  two  Gov- 
ernment contracts  for  the  improvement  of  the 
harbor  at  Olympia,  and  the  Swinsmish  Slough 
near  La  Conner.  They  are  now  engaged  in  re- 
pairing the  long  bulkhead  of  the  land  company 
with  piles  calculated  to  resist  the  ravages  of 
the  teredo.  This  firm  is  competent  to  handle 
work  of  almost  any  magnitude  and  is  possessed 
of  a  plant  worth  not  less  than  $30,000. 

Mr.  Zabriskie,  of  the  firm,  is  a  native  of  Jer- 
sey City,  New  Jersey,  and  was  born  on  tne  10th 
of  July,  1858,  his  parents  being  George  L  N. 
and  Eliza  Moore  (Blauvelt)  Zabriskie,  the  former 
a  native  of  New  York  and  a  descendant  of  an 
old  Revolutionary  family.  The  first  of  the  fam- 
ily came  to  this  country  in  1692.  His  father 
was  cashier  of  the  People's  Bank  of  New  York 
city  when  he  died.  His  mother  was  born  at 
Hackensack,  New  Jersey,  and  was  also  a  de- 
scendant of  an  old  New  Jersey  family.  Her 
grandfather  Moore  was  a  large  land-owner  of 
New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Zabriskie  was  reared  in  Jersey  City  and 
educated  there  and  at  the  New  York  University, 
at  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1878.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  fraternity 
while  at  college.  His  father  died  just  before 
graduation,  and  when  he  left  college  he  at  once 
engaged  in  work.  He  tried  various  firms  and 
lines  of  business,  and  finally  decided  to  try  his 
fortune  in  the  AVest.  He  accoi-dingly  came  to 
Tacoma  in  1882,  reaching  that  city  without  an 
acquaintance  to  aid  him  and  with  but  a  few 
hundred  dollars.  He  first  obtained  employment 
with  the  Tacoma  Land  Company  and  remained 
witb  them  in  the  capacity  of  bookkeeper  until 
1885,  when  he  went  back  East  as  far  as  Chicago 
and  remained  there  until  1886,  when  he  again 
came  to  Tacoma  and  secured  employment  with 
Nelson   Bennett  as  chief  clerk,  which  position 


he  resigned  to  accept  a  similar  one  with  the  Ta- 
coma Land  Company,  and  remained  with  them 
until  1888,  at  which  time  the  firm  of  Geiger  & 
Zabriskie  was  formed. 

He  was  married,  in  1885,  to  Miss  Eachel 
Evans,  daughter  of  Judge  Elwood  Evans.  She 
died  in  1885.  Three  years  later  he  married 
Miss  Augusta  Sears,  daughter  of  T.  C.  Sears,  of 
Kansas.  They  have  one  child  living,  named 
George,  and  one  dead. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Union  Club  of  Ta- 
coma, the  Yacht  Club  and  Amateur  Athletic 
Club,  and  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 


E'  B.  FOOTE,  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Zimmer  &  Foote,  Centralia,  is  a  native 
1  of    the  State  of  Ohio,  born  in  Clinton 

county,  January  10,  1865.  His  parents,  Bald- 
win and  Lotta  (Smith)  Foote,  were  also  natives 
of  the  Buckeye  State.  The  Foote  family  is  of 
German  extraction,  the  first  ancestors  in  this 
country  having  emigrated  from  the  fatherland 
to  the  L^nited  States  in  the  latter  part  of  Ihe 
seventeenth  century.  E.  B.  Foote  is  the  sixth 
generation  removed  from  the  five  brothers  who 
bravely  left  their  native  land  for  a  new  and  un- 
tried country.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools,  finishing  his  studies  in  1884. 
He  then  served  an  apprenticeship  to  a  photog- 
rapher, and  devoted  himself  to  the  art  for  a  period 
of  three  years,  during  which  time  he  was  in  the 
States  of  Ohio  and  Illinois.  He  was  also  em- 
ployed at  the  machine  shops  of  Springfield,  Illi- 
nois, for  two  years. 

In  1889  Mr.  P'oote  came  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  for  a  time  resided  in  San  Jose,  California. 
The  following  year  he  came  to  Centralia,  and, 
realizing  the  advantages  of  the  situation,  em- 
barked in  the  hardware  business,  having  formed 
a  partnership  with  Mr.  Zimmer.  The  firm  deal 
extensively  in  agricultural  implements,  and 
carry  a  large  stock  of  heavy  and  shelf  hardware, 
stoves  and  tinware;  they  do  a  large  business  as 
practical  tinners  and  plumrners,  and  theirs 
easily  ranks  among  the  leading  establishments 
of  the  character   in    southwestern   Washington. 

In  politics  our  subject  is  a  stanch  supporter 
of  the  issues  of  the  Republican  party.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council  in  1891, 
and  was  returned  in  1892,  a  convincing  evi- 
dence of  his  acceptability  as  a  member  of  that 


a.  /^.  n.^i^^fi. 


n  I  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


body.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  tlie 
I.  ().  O.  F.,  having  passed  the  chairs  of  tiie 
subordinate  lodge  and  hohling  a  inembersliip  in 
encampment. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  May  4,  1891,  to 
Miss  Clara  Van  Norman,  a  native  of  tlie  State 
of  Missouri:  they  have  one  child,  a  son  named 
Frederick.  Mr.  Foote  is  one  of  the  most  enter- 
prising and  progressive  citizens  of  Centralia, 
and  his  efforts  to  further  the  interests  of  his 
town  and  county  are  fully  appreciated  in  the 
community. 


(  NDREW  FAULK  BURLEIGH,  a  law- 
'  yer  of  the  Seattle  bar,  was  born  in  Kitt- 
anning,  Armstrong  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, January  7.  185S.  His  father, 
Walter  A.  Burleigh,  was  born  October  25, 1820, 
in  Waterville,  Maine,  where  he  was  reared  and 
educated  to  the  medical  profession.  He  went 
to  California  at  the  time  of  the  gold  excitement 
of  1849,  gt>ing  and  returning  by  sailing  vessel 
around  Cape  Horn.  Returning  east  in  1852  he 
removed  to  Armstrong  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born.  He 
practiced  medicine  until  18(31,  was  prominently 
known  in  Pennsylvania  as  an  earnest  advocate 
of  Republican  principles,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  organiz:\tion  of  the  Republican  party. 
In  isni  he  was  ajipoiiited  Indian  agent  of  the 
Yanktonais  Indians  of  Dakota,  and  held  that 
position  until  1865.  In  1804  he  was  elected 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  Dakota,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1866,  serving  four  years.  He  also 
served  as  member  of  the  upper  house  of  the 
Dakota  Legislature  in  1877,  and  was  President 
of  that  body.  He  took  an  active  part  in  secur- 
ing the  enactment  of  the  excellent  code  system 
of  Dakota.  He  was  afterward,  during  a  sojourn 
of  some  years  in  Montana,  member  of  the  upper 
house  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
also  a  member  of  tiie  constitutional  convention 
of  Montana,  held  in  1889.  In  1892  he  was 
elected,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  South  Dakota. 

Andrew  Jackson  Faulk,  the  maternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1815.  He  followed  a  mercantile  life  until 
his  removal  to  Dakota  in  1866.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Governor  of  Dakota  Territory  by  Presi- 
dent Johnson,  and  subsequently  served  as  Clerk 


of  the  district  court  for  about  ten  years.  In 
1867  he  was  a  member  of  the  Indian  Peace 
Commission,  being  associated  with  Generals 
Sherman,  Hancock,  Harney  and  others  of  na- 
tional  reputation. 

Andrew  F.  Burleigh  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation. He  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  law 
in  the  otHce  of  the  Hon.  G.  C.  Moody,  after- 
ward United  States  Senator  from  South  Dakota. 
Later  he  took  the  regular  law  course  at  the 
State  University  of  Iowa,  and  was  graduated 
and  admitted  to  the  bar  June  18,  1878. 

He  began  practice  at  Yankton,  Dakota,  and 
after  a  few  months  removed  to  Deadwood  in 
the  Black  Hills;  to  Miles  City,  Montana,  in 
1881;  to  Helena  in  1887,  and  in  1889  to  Seattle, 
Washington,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

In  1883-'84,  he  was  District  Attorney  of  the 
first  judicial  district  of  Montana.  In  1883  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  six  delegates  at  large 
from  the  Territory  to  the  constitutional  con- 
vention which  met  in  1884.  In  that  convention 
wei'e  gathered  most  of  the  men  then  and  since 
prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  Montana. 

Mr.  Burleigh  has  always  been  a  lawyer,  and 
in  Seattle  represents  various  important  interests. 
He  is  general  counsel  of  the  Oregon  Improve- 
ment Company,  and  also  is  local  counsel  for 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  He 
is  married  and  has  three  children. 

Although  he  takes  an  active  interest  in  poli- 
tics and  is  an  earnest  Republican,  he  is  not  an 
office-seeker. 


NDREW  B.  YOUNG,  one  of  the  re- 
spected pioneers  of  the  Pacific^coast  and  a 

1  man  prominent  in  the  development  of 
Seattle,  was  liorn  in  Lubec,  Maine, 
October  1,  1822,  niid  lia^-  thus  put  a  continent 
between  himselT  ami  lii-  birth-place.  His  par- 
ents, Daniel  and  Klizaln.4h  (Lock)  Young,  were 
both  natives  of  New  Market,  New  Hampshire. 
His  father  followed  the  sea  for  a  number  of 
years  and  then  settled  in  Lubec,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  merchandise  business,  which  he 
followed  until  1827.  lie  then  moved  to  Grand 
Menan  island,  where  he  engaged  in  catching 
and  buying  fish,  to  salt  and  dry  for  trade  with 
the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies.  About 
1840  he  returned  to  Maine  and  settled  in 
Meddyljemps,  where  he  resumed  a  mercantile 
life,  which  he  followed  until  his  death. 


HISTOHY    OF    WASUlltOTON. 


The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  common- 
school  education  until  his  fifteenth  year,  when, 
because  of  iU-healtli  and  a  desire  to  see  the 
world  which  he  had  been  studyinj^,  he  decid- 
ed to  go  to  sea,  and  sailed  for  a  uumberof  j-ears 
thereafter  in  the  West  India  and  South  Amer- 
ican trade.  In  November,  1845,  he  shipped 
before  the  mast  on  the  stanch  ship  Barnstable, 
loaded  with  a  general  cargo  and  bound,  via 
Cape  Horn,  for  the  California  coast,  the  object 
being  to  exchange  their  commodity  for  a  load  ot 
the  native  productions  of  California,  consisting 
of  hides  and  talluw.  They  arrived  in  San 
Diego  in  March,  1846,  but  not  being  allowed 
to  discharge  their  cargo,  they  proceeded  to 
Monterey,  where  the  customhouse  was  located. 
Thence  they  went  to  Yerba  Buena,  now  San 
Francisco.  The  country  in  that  vicinity  was  in 
a  state  of  turmoil  over  the  conquest  of  the  terri- 
tory by  the  United  States;  and,  in  the  following 
Jiily,  the  American  flag  was  hoisted  in  the  plaza 
of  San  Francisco.  The  ship  Barnstable  lay  in 
port  about  six  months,  when,  before  peace  was 
cleclared,  they  cruised  along  the  coast  until 
June,  1848,  collecting  their  cargo  of  hides  and 
tallow,  with  which  they  returned  to  Boston. 

Mr.  Young  followed  the  sea  on  the  Atlantic 
until  1853,  when  he  returned  to  San  Francisco 
by  the  Nicai-agua  route,  arriving  at  that  port  in 
January,  1854.  From  there  he  went  to  the 
placer  mines  in  Tuolumne  county;  but  a  few 
months  satisfied  him  with  that  pursuit,  and  in 
July  lie  returned  to  San  Francisco,  when  be  at 
once  sailed  for  Fuget  Sound.  Arriving  there 
he  began  work  for  the  Puget  Mill  Company  at 
Fort  Gamble,  but  shortly  afterward  became 
mate  on  one  of  this  company's  vessels  and  made 
a  criiise  to  Australia.  He  continued  to  follow 
a  seafaring  life  until  1856,  when  he  returned  to 
Port  Gamble  and  engaged  in  mill  work,  assist- 
ing in  erecting  a  mill  at  Seabeck  for  the  Wash- 
ington Mill  Company. 

On  the  outbreak  of  tlie  Fraser  river  gold  ex- 
citement, in  1858,  Mr.  Young  started  for  those 
mines  with  $500  in  gold  in  his  pocket,  but, 
after  ten  months  of  hardships  and  wcposure,  he 
returned  with  $50  in  gold  dust  and  "heaps  of 
experience." 

Kesntning  work  tor  the  Washington  Mill 
Company,  he  remained  with  thein  until  1860. 
He  then  engaged  with  tlie  Port  Madison  Mill 
Company,  at  Port  Madison,  in  the  varied  capac- 
ity of  salesman,  bookkeeper  and  man  of  all 
work,  and  remained  in  their  employ   until  Feb- 


ruary, 1868.  At  this  time  he  came  to  Seattle 
and  became  a  clerk  for  Atkins  &  Shoudy.  gen- 
eral merchants,  successors  to  Dexter,  Horton  & 
Co.,  with  whom  he  remained  three  years,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Port  Townsend  to  accept 
the  appointment  of  Inspector  of  Customs,  the 
duties  of  w'hich  important  office  he  efliciently 
ditcharged  for  four  years,  when  he  resigned  and 
once  more  returned  to  his  favorite  city,  Seattle. 
In  1876  he  became  an  employe  of  Captain  Mar- 
shall and  George  W.  Prescott  in  building  the 
lumber  mill  at  Freeport,  in  whose  service  he 
continued  as  bookkeeper  about  four  years,  after 
which  he  entered  the  drug  business  in  compsny 
with  M.  A.  Kelly,  with  whom  he  remained 
about  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  Mr. 
Young  sold  out  and  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. 

In  1868,  Mr.  Young  purchased  his  first  prop- 
erty in  Seattle,  being  one-fourth  of  a  block  on 
the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Marion 
streets,  at  that  time  unimproved  and  covered 
with  brush  and  stumps.  He  shortly  afterward 
also  purchased  one-fourth  of  a  block  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  same  streets,  on  which 
is  his  present  residence,  erected  by  Captain 
Kellar,  which  was  at  that  time  one  of  the  finest 
houses  in  the  city.  Here  Mr.  Young  has  since 
resided,  improving  the  opposite  eoriier  and  en- 
gaging in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  city  projierty 
and  acre  realty  in  adjoining  counties. 

In  politics  Mr.  Young  is  a  Pepublican,  and 
represented  Kitsap  county  in  the  last  annual 
Territorial  Legislature,  in  1866,  as  well  as  in 
the  first  biennial  session,  in  the  wiiiter  of  1867- 
'68,  his  services  being  marked  by  his  usual 
good  judgment  and  honorable  character. 

In  January,  1850,  Mr.  Young  v\as  married, 
in  Charlotte,  Maine,  to  Miss  Huldah  A.  Tar- 
bell, _a  descendant  of  one  of  the  pioneer  families 
of  the  Pine  Tree  State.  They  have  four  chil- 
dren: Frederick  A.,  deceased;  Horace  H.; 
Andrew  M. ;  and  Jesse  O.  Their  sons  are  mar- 
ried and  settled  in  business,  and  the  prattle  of 
their  little  ones  fills  the  home  and  hearts  of  the 
grandparents  with  sunshine  and  joy. 

TiAMES  M.  STEVENSON,  who  resides  on 
i?>  Jl  a  fai'm  near  Steilacoom  city.  Pierce  county, 
^^  Washington,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  born 
in    Sterling,  December    9,  1826.     His    father. 


UISrORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Henry  Stevenson,  was  also  a  native  of  Sterling, 
and  his  mother,  nee  Elizabeth  Mirk,  was  born 
near  Glasgow.  Henry  Stevenson  managed  a 
distillery  in  Scotland  until  the  spring  of  1832, 
when  he  emigrated  with  his  family  to  Quebec, 
Canada,  arriving  there  in  May  of  that  year. 
From  Quebec  he  soon  afterward  moved  to  Mon- 
treal, wliere  he  was  engaged  iu  the  business  of 
distilling.  In  the  inuantinie  he  purchased  a 
fai'in  tifty  miles  southeast  of  Montreal,  near 
Graiiby,  and  placed  the  same  in  charge  of  his 
sons. 

In  the  year  1845  James  M.  Stevenson  went 
to  the  village  of  Stevens,  Essex  county.  Ver- 
mont, where  he  remained  about  two  months. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  he  returned  to 
Canada,  but  a  short  time  afterward  went  to 
JSIew  Bedford,  Massachusetts.  There  he  shipped 
on  a  whaling  vessel  bound  for  the  South  Pacific 
ocean.  They  cruised  on  the  Indian  ocean, 
landed  at  New  Zealand  and  the  island  of  Tahiti; 
in  the  spring  of  1848  touched  at  the  Sandwich 
islands,  and  went  to  the  northwest  coast  and 
killed  thirteen  whales.  Tliey  came  around  Cape 
Horn  to  the  Falkland  islands,  thence  back  to 
the  coast  of  Chili,  where  Mr.  Stevenson  deserted 
the  ship  and  landed  at  Juan  Fernandez.  There 
they  ran  short  of  provisions,  and  during  a  period 
of  four  days  had  only  one  meal,  and  for  eight 
days  afterward  they  subsisted  upon  the  meat  of 
animals  they  could  kill.  Tiiey  were  rescued  by 
the  bark  Sarah  and  taken  to  San  Francisco, 
where  they  arrived  March  16,  1850. 

In  the  meantime  gold  had  been  discovered  in 
California,  ai:d  the  people  from  all  over  the 
world  were  flocking  to  her  mines,  and  Mr. 
Stevenson  joined  the  throng  of  gold-hunters. 
For  about  eight  years  he  was  engaged  in  mining 
in  various  parts  of  California,  aftiT  wliich  he 
wetit  to  the  Fraser  river  mines  in  liritish  ( Inlum- 
bia,  thence  to  the  Nez  Perces  mines  in  Idaho, 
and  also  visited  the  mines  at  Salmon  river, 
Swank  and  Coeur  d'Alene.  During  all  his 
travels  in  the  mines  and  elsewhere  he  was  always 
his  own  pack-horse  and  never  employed  a  guide. 
Oftentimes  he  was  forced  to  go  without  food 
for  several  days.  On  one  occasion  for  twelve 
days  he  and  a  companion  subsisted  on  ten 
pounds  of  flour  mixed  with  a  little  water.  Flour 
was  75  cents  a  pound  and  salt  was  SI  a  pound 
at  that  time. 

In  1860  Mr.  Stevenson  came  to  his  present 
location  in  Pierce  county,  bought  a  home  and 
has  since  resided  here.     He   has  never  married 


and  lives  all  alone.  After  thirty  years  of  ab- 
sence he  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Canada, 
wliere  he  found  but  few  relatives  and  acquaint- 
ances living.  His  mother,  thinking  him  a 
stranger,  refuse!  him  a  night's  lodging,  his 
oldest  brother,  with  whom  he  had  worked  on 
the  old  farm,  being  the  -only  one  to  recognize 
him.  A  few  months  later  he  returned  to  Steila- 
coom  city. 

Mr.  Stevenson  has  served  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace  at  Steilacoora  city,  and  also  as  jailer  when 
the  penitentiary  was  located  here. 


LONZO  R.  COOK  was  born  in  Saratoga 
county.  New  York,  about  ten  miles  from 
^  Saratoga  Springs,  on  March  2, 1830.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  when 
ten  years  old  came  to  this  country  in  company 
with  an  elder  brother  and  located  at  Montpelier, 
Vermont,  wliere  he  learned  the  trade  of  stone- 
mas(m.  He  married  while  there  a  Miss  Nor- 
cross,  a  descendant  of  an  old  Puritan  family. 
They  afterward  removed  to  Saratoga  county 
and  there  died. 

Alonzo  R.  was  reared  in  that  vicinity  till  six- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  La  Salle 
county,  Illinois,  and  worked  a  year  driving  a 
team  for  a  brick-yard.  In  1847  he  left  there  in 
company  with  John  Baker  (now  residing  near 
Salem,  Oregon),  and  crossed  the  Missouri  river 
on  his  way  West.  He  then  continued  the  jour- 
ney with  Mark  Sawyer's  party.  He  drove  an 
ox  wagon  all  the  way,  making  the  trip  via  Ash 
Hollow  and  the  south  side  of  the  Flatte  by 
Chiniiiey  Rock,  where  they  crossed  to  the  north 
side  of  the  Platte,  just  below  Laramie,  and  on 
by  Devil's  Gate,  Independence  Rock,  Soda 
Springs,  Fort  Hall,  Salmon  Falls,  and  thence 
down  by  old  Fort  Boise  and  Grande  Ronde  val- 
ley. They  crossed  the  mountains  in  the  same 
year  that  the  Indian  massacre  occurred,  and 
reached  Oregon  City  in  October,  making  the 
journey  in  about  six  months. 

Mr.  Cook  first  obtained  work  in  a  tannery 
owned  by  a  man  named  Smith.  His  first  few 
years  were  attended  with  the  usual  hazardous 
experiences  of  the  early  settler,  consequent  upon 
the  extreme  hostility  of  the  Indians  and  their 
evident  desire  to  exterminate  the  pioneers  if 
possible.  In  1849  he  made  a  trip  to  New  York 
and   returned  in  1850,  reaching  San  Francisco 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ill  August.  He  then  went  into  the  "Rough 
and  Keady  "  mines  of  California,  but  later  on 
worked  at  farniing.  In  1855  he  went  to  8iski- 
yon  county,  California,  but  remained  only  one 
year,  when  he  went  to  Eugene,  Oregon,  and  en- 
gaged in  buying  and  selling  stock.  In  186-4 
he  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war  under  Ephraim 
Palmer  in  Company  B.  After  nineteen  months' 
service  at  Forts  Hall  and  Gdite  he  was  mustered 
out,  in  July,  1866.  He  then  came  back  to  La- 
fayette, in  Yain  Hill  county,  Oregon,  where  he 
remained  for  four  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Clarke  county,  in  this  State,  where  he  lived  for 
seven  years  on  his  homestead.  He  afterward 
sold  this  property  and  removed  east  of  the  Case 
cade  mountains,  near  Colfax,  but  did  not  lik- 
the  location  and  returned  to  Hillsboro,  Wash- 
ington county,  in  1883.  lived  there  live  years, 
then  removed  to  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
and  bought  forty-seven  acres  of  land,  where  he 
now  resides.  His  farm  then  was  a  wilderness 
of  woods,  but  is  now  an  attractive  and  well- 
cultivated  place. 

Mrs.  Cook  was  formerly  a  Miss  Telitha 
Wood,  and  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Martha 
Wood.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook  have  had  four  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom,  John,  died  at  Hillsboro, 
aged  only  seventeen  months.  Those  living  are: 
Maude  E.,  Emily  £.  and  Mary. 

Mr.  Cook  is  a  Republican  politically,  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  politics  even  at  liis  ad- 
vanced age.  He  is  a  member  of  Montezuma 
Lodge,  No.  50.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Hillsboro,  in  which 
he  has  taken  the  Grand  Lodge  degree. 


^.^^.^t^ 


//       ' 


yURTIS  M.  JOHNSOIS^  was  born  on 
January  17,  ,1848,  in  the  town  of  Molde, 
in  north  Norway.  He  is  the  son  of 
Andreas  and  Emma  Johnson.  His  father  was  a 
carpenter  by  trade.  At  an  early  age  he  went 
to  sea,  continuing  steadily  until  the  year  1864 
and  becoming  an  able  and  efficient  seaman.  In 
1864  he  landed  in  San  Francisco  and  there  took 
to  the  trade  of  cabinet-making  with  the  well- 
known  iirm  of  A.  Schwartz  &  Co.,  and  remain- 
ed with  them,  with  slight  intermission,  until 
the  fall  of  1869.  Then  he  went  to  South  Amer- 
ica, there  continuing  his  trade  of  cabinet-mak- 
ing in  Lima  until  the  fall  of  1871,  when  he 
started  the  business  of  contracting  and  furni- 
ture work.     He  remained  there    two  years  and 


then  returned  to  San  Francisco,  and  worked  at 
his  trade  in  that  city  until  1875,  in  which  year 
he  came  to  Seattle  on  the  15th  of  August.  He 
thun  entered  in  the  furniture  business  with  the 
drm  of  Hall  it  Graves  (later  known  as  Hall  & 
Poulsou)  and  remained  with  them  till  August, 
1876,  when  he  went  to  Walla  Walla,  beginning 
work  with  the  tirin  of  Everett  &  Abell.  In  the 
spring  of  1877  he  worked  for  Dovell  &  Butler, 
and  remained  with  them  until  the  fall  of  1877, 
when  he  bought  out  Mr.  Butler's  interest  and 
the  firm  took  the  name  of  Dovell  &  Co.  In 
1881  he  sold  out  his  interest  and  bought  a  farm 
on  the  Walla  Walla  river.  He  kept  this  only  a 
short  while  and  sold  it  to  go  to  Tacoma.  There 
he  began  the  sash  and  door  business,  in  the 
spring  of  1883,  with  the  firm  of  Carson  &  John- 
sou,  and  remained  with  them  until  1887.  lu 
the  fall  the  firm  dissolved,  and  in  July,  1887, 
Mr.  Johnson  started  a  business  of  his  own  where 
1)6  is  now.  He  met  with  a  serious  misfortune 
in  July  of  1890,  when  his  business  was  burned 
out.  Undaunted,  Mr.  Johnson  resumed  im- 
mediately, rebuilding  his  sawmill  and  sash  and 
door  factory  and  planing  mill.  The  market  for 
the  product  is  local,  and  eastern  Washington, 
Idaho  and  California  furnish  the  material. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  married  in  Walla  Walla, 
October  18,  1878,  to  Miss  Einina  Thompson,  a 
native  of  Salem,  Oregon.  She  was  a  daughter 
Thomas  E.  Thompson,  a  pioneer  of  the  '40s, 
who  died  in  Washington  in  1890.  Her  mother 
was  a  Wright,  a  member  of  the  old  family  who 
came  from   Illinois. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  have  eight  children: 
Curtis  Edwin,  Alva,  Grace,  Flora,  Delia,  Blain, 
Ethel  and  Harvey. 

Mr.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  Tacoma  Lodge, 
iS'o.  22,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  He  is  a 
prominent  Republican  and  a  member  of  the 
Commercial  Club. 

r    T[oy.  PHILIP  D.   MOORE,  State   Libra- 
|r=1     rian   of  Washington,  was    born    in    Rah- 
J     4i    way,   New  Jersey,   in    February,  1826. 
•^  His  parents,  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Shot- 

well)  Moore,  were  natives  of  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Jersey,  respectively,  and  both  M-ere  mem- 
bers of  the  society  of  Quakers.  Samuel  Moore 
followed  the  sea  in  early  life,  owning  his  own 
vessel  and  opei-atingin  the  coast  trade.  During 
the  war  of  1812   he   lost  his   ship,  and    about 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTOJ^. 


689 


1816  settled  at  Rahway  and  engaged  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  He  was  there  married  and 
passed  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Philip  D.  received  his  early  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Rahvvay.  Wlieu  he  was  eleven 
years  old  he  joined  his  uncle,  Harvey  Shotweli, 
at  Macon,  Georgia,  under  whose  guidance  he 
continued  his  education.  In  December,  1839, 
he  returned  to  Rahway,  and,  although  under 
fifteen  years  of  age,  his  physical  and  mental  de- 
velopment was  such  that  he  was  offered  and  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  teacher  in  the  public 
school.  He  first  taught  at  Rahway  and  after- 
ward at  Plainfield,  being  thus  occupied  until 
1842,  when  he  began  clerking  in  a  wholesale 
and  retail  drug  store  in  New  York  city.  He 
subsequently  opened  a  drug  store,  which  he 
conducted  for  several  years.  Owing  to  failing 
health,  he  sold  his  business,  in  1848,  and  en- 
gaged in  less  confining  occupations.  In  the  fall 
of  1861  he  began  publishing  the  Morning  Star 
at  Newark.  He  was  at  that  time  an  intimate 
friend  of  William  Lloyd  Garrieon,  Wendell 
Phillips  and  Theodore  Parker,  and  became  a  de- 
cided partisan  of  the  anti- slavery  doctrine. 

Mr.  Moore  gave  up  his  newspaper  work  in 
the  East  in  order  to  accept  the  position  of 
Deputy  Collector  of  Customs  under  Victor 
Smith,  Collector  of  Puget  Sound  district,  and 
with  him  came  to  Port  Townsend,  arriving 
August  1,  1862.  In  August,  1863,  he  made  a 
business  trip  to  Washington,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  while  there  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  as  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
for  Washington  and  Idaho,  upon  tlie  recom- 
mendation of  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  Mr.  Moore  then  brought  his 
family  to  Washington  Territory  and  located  at 
Olympia,  serving  in  the  above  capacity  for  five 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  was  removed 
by  Andrew  Johnson  for  political  reasons,  as  no 
charge  had  ever  been  made  against  him.  He 
was  then  re-appointed  Deputy  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Port  Townsend,  by  M.  S.  Drew, 
Collector,  and  tilled  the  position  during  the  lat- 
ter's  term  and  that  of  his  successors — Fred 
Drew  and  Selucins-Gariielde.  In  1872  here- 
moved  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  spent  three 
years  operating  in  mines  and  mining  securities. 
Returning  to  Olympia  in  1875,  he  experimented 
with  the  Black  Sand  washings  at  Gray's  Har- 
bor, extracting  the  gold  and  testing  the  sand  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel.  The  work 
was  sold  out  in  1879,  and  Mr.  Moore  took  np  a 


homestead  in  Mason  county,  where  for  six  years 
he  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In 
1885  he  again  returned  to  Olympia,  at  this 
time  entering  the  field  of  literature  as  corre- 
spondent and  publisher.  In  the  winter  of  1890 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ferry  as  State 
Librarian,  the  appointment  being  confirmed  by 
the  Senate.  This  important  otiiee  he  is  now 
filling  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all  concerned. 

Mr.  Moore  was  married  at  Newark,  New  Jer- 
sey, in  1847,  to  Miss  Plioebe  H.  Earl,  a  native 
of  that  State.  They  have  had  ten  children,  as 
follows:  Lida  (deceased),  Edward  E.  (deceased), 
Ella  (deceased),  A.  Schooley,  Waldo  G..  Janet 
S.,  Philip  D.  (deceased),  Lindley  E.,  Gerald  B., 
and  Edna  W. 

During  his  long  and  eventful  life  Mr.  Moore 
has  been  an  active  politician  in  the  best  sense  of 
the  word.  He  remembers  distinctly  thecampaign 
of  1882,  and  in  1836  had  the  honor  of  shaking 
hands  with  General  Harrison,  the  hero  of  Tip- 
pecanoe. In  1844  he  was  engaged  for  five 
months  in  the  canvass  for  Henry  Clay,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  Fremont  campaign  of  1856. 
He  is  in  hearty  sympathy  witli  the  wonderful 
development  and  progress  of  his  adopted  State, 
and  is  justly  considered  one  of  her  most  re- 
spected citizens. 


JOHN  JACK  EL,  a  prominent  and  success- 
ful randier  living  three  miles  south  of 
Centerville,  Klickitat  county,  was  born  in 
Wisconsin,  April  25,  1847,  a  son  of  John  and 
Margarite  M.  Jackel,  natives  of  Hessen,  Ger- 
many. The  mother  is  still  living,  enjoying 
good  health,  and  the  father  died  some  years 
since.  Onr  subject  spent  his  early  life  on  a 
farm  in  his  native  State.  Being  a  sturdy  boy 
and  mature  for  his  age,  he  was  allowed  to  enter 
the  army  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  joining  the 
fight  with  as  much  patriotism  as  those  of  greater 
age.  He  entered  Company  E,  Fourteenth  Wis- 
consin Infantry,  was  first  stationed  at  Pitts 
Lauding;  saw  much  hard  fighting;  took  part  in 
the  siege  of  Yicksburg,  and  helped  to  starve  out 
Pemberton.  Mr.  Jackel  also  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  Lookout  Mountain,  Atlanta,  Kerney 
Mountain,  in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea,  con- 
tinued on  to  Richmond,  thence  to  Washington, 
next  taken  to  Montgomery,  and  later  to  Mobile. 
The  company  was  discharged  at  the  latter  place, 


G90 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


after  four  long  years  of  hard  warfare.  Mr. 
Jackel  was  once  wounded,  but  never  captured. 
After  the  close  of  tlie  struggle  he  returned  to 
Wisconsin.  He  now  owns  320  acres  of  tine  laud 
in  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  all  of  which  is 
fenced  and  improved,  and  wliere  he  is  engaged 
in  general  farming  and  stock-raising.  He  has 
raised  as  high  as  forty  busliels  of  wheat  to  the 
acre. 

Mr.  Jackel  was  married  in  Wisconsin,  to  Miss 
Christine  Lendenian,  native  of  that  State,  and 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nicholas  Lende- 
man,  both  born  in  Holstein,  Germany.  They 
came  to  the  United  States  in  an  early  day,  lo- 
cating in  Wisconsin,  whei'e  they  still  reside. 
Our  subject  and  wife  have  had  nine  children: 
Charley  F.,  George  W.,  Minnie  M.,  Frank  A., 
Johnie  A.,  Ida  M.,  James  II.,  Albert  ().,  and 
Ameal  E.  Mr.  Jackel  is  a  member  of  the 
Woodmen  of  the  World.  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  township  and  school  affairs,  holding 
offices  governing  each,  is  highly  respected  in 
the  county  in  which  he  lives,  and  is  one  of  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  his  community. 


TC.  GREEN  is  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  T.  C.  Green  &  Son,  proprietor  of 
of  the  Lewisville  Flour  et  Lumber  Mills. 
This  property  was  formerly  owned  by  D. 
P.  and  A.  13.  Church,  who  built  the  mill  in 
1882.  It  is  titted  with  modern  machinery,  hav- 
ing a  daily  capacity  of  twenty-five  barrels.  The 
sawmill  has  a  large  local  patronage,  its. daily 
capacity  being  3,000  feet.  The  individual  mem- 
bers of  the  firm  are  Thomas  C.  and  Milton  B. 
Green,  who  are  men  of  more  than  ordinary  busi- 
ness ability,  and  have  established  one  of  the 
most  important  and  useful  industries  in  the 
connty. 

T.  C.  Green  is  a  native  of  Canada,  born  near 
the  city  of  Ottawa,  July  6,  1838,  a  son  of  B. 
and  Jane  (Craig)  Green.  The  father  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Cork,  Ireland,  and  the  mother  was 
a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  their  youth 
they  emigrated  to  Canada,  and  there  were  mar- 
ried; he  died  in  1876,  but  she  survives,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-six  years.  The  early 
life  of  our  subject  was  spent  in  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  and  he  was  reared  to  the  occupation 
of  a  farmer.  In  1865  he  made  a  trip  to  the  oil 
regions  of   Pennsylvania,  and    made  an   invest- 


ment there;  his  tirst  ventiire  was  not  a  success, 
but  the  second  was  a  fortunate  one,  so  he  con- 
tinued in  the  business  for  a  period  of  ten  years. 
At  the  end  of  this  time  he  embarked  in  the 
carriage-making  business,  at  Kiceville,  Craw- 
ford county,  Pennsylvania.  The  buildings 
erected  for  this  purpose  were  afterward  convert- 
ed into  a  cheese  factory,  Mr.  Green  managing 
the  business  for  three  years.  He  then  again 
embarked  in  the  oil  business,  and  was  located 
at  Bradford,  Pennsylvania,  for  four  years; 
thence  he  removed  to  Jamestown,  New  York, 
and  afterward  to  Allentown,  New  York,  carry- 
ing on  a  most  successful  trade  in  oil. 

It  was  not  until  1887  that  he  turned  his  face 
toward  the  setting  sun,  and  made  and  matured 
plans  for  seeking  a  home  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
After  his  arrival  in  Portland,  Oregon,  he  did 
some  carpentry  work,  fitting  up  and  finishing 
the  cabins  of  the  steamers  Telephone  and  Cy- 
clone. Having  son)e  taste  for  photography  he 
has  given  some  attention  to  the  art  as  a  busi- 
ness, and  has  been  so  engaged  in  Portland  and 
in  Clarke  county,  Washington.  In  the  spring 
of  1889  he  settled  on  a  ranch  within  a  mile  of 
Lewisville;  later  on  he  disposed  of  this  property 
and  removed  to  a  tract  of  160  acres,  three  miles 
from  Lewisville.  The  property  was  finally 
claimed  by  the  railroad  and  he  came  to  his  pres-- 
ent  residence  in  Lewisville  in  1893. 

Mr.  Green  was  married  in  Riceville,  Penn- 
sylvania, April  6,  1871,  to  Miss  Laura  M.  Rey- 
nolds, a  native  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania. 
Two  children  have  been  born  of  this  union: 
Lilla  Ethel  and  Milton  Bailey.  Mr.  Green  is  a 
staunch  advocate  of  temperance  principles,  and 
his  conviction  upon  this  subject  extend  to  and 
control  his  action  in  politics.  He  was  a  candi- 
date for  County  Commissioner  in  1890,  but  his 
party  had  not  then  risen  to  a  majority. 


\./\\  L.  ADAMS,  M.  D.,  medical  practitioner 
at  Olympia,  Washington,  was   born  in 
Ozark,    Arkansas,    February    5,    1852, 
son  of  Columbus  and   Mary   (Allison) 
Adams,  natives  of  Tennessee. 

Columbus  Adams  was  reared  upon  the  farm 
and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  In  1844  he 
removed  to  Arkansas,  where  he  followed  both 
his  trade  and  agricultural  pursiiits.  He  took 
an  active    interest  in  local   politics,  and  was  an 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ardent  Republican.  With  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  his  abolition  views  placed  him  in  many 
distressing  and  dangerous  positions,  yet,  possess- 
ing the  courage  of  his  convictions,  lie  main- 
tained his  principles  even  to  imprisonment  and 
threatened  death.  Through  his  expressions  of 
loyalty  in  1862  he  was  taken  prisoner  and 
started  for  Texas,  but,  having  a  friend  in  the 
ranks,  his  danger  was  made  known,  and  upon 
the  horse  of  this  friend  he  made  his  escape. 
Ozark  being  too  warm  for  him  politically,  he 
sought  protection  inside  the  Federal  liin's,  and 
remaitied  in  Kansas  City  during  the  war.  lie- 
turning  to  Ozark,  Arkansas,  and  to  his  family 
in  1865,  his  friends  rallied  around  him  and  he 
was  elected  Sheriff,  continuing  in  that  office 
until  his  death  in  1869. 

Dr.  Adams  remained  witii  his  parents,  and 
after  his  father's  death  conducted  the  affairs  of 
the  estate.  With  the  limited  educational  ad- 
vantages of  Arkansas  at  that  perio<l,  his  studies 
were  pursued  by  personal  effort  and  often  under 
difficulties,  studying  at  night  and  working 
through  the  day.  He  owned  and  operated  a 
ferry  across  the  Arkansas  river  for  two  years, 
and  during  leisure  moments  his  time  was  em- 
ployed in  studying  algebra,  grammar  and 
Latin.  He  then  began  teaching  school,  keep- 
ing up  his  studies  at  the  same  time.  After 
two  years  he  felt  he  had  a  call  to  the  church, 
and  during  1871  and  1872  was  engaged  in 
preaciiitig  as  a  Methodist  circuit  rider.  He 
then  commenced  reading  medicine,  borrowing 
hooks  from  a  physician  twenty  miles  distant 
and  studying  alone,  at  the  same  time  pursuing 
a  classical  course  at  the  Arkansas  University. 
In  the  winter  of  lS76-'77  he  took  a  medical 
course  at  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville, 
Tennessee.  As  every  stej)  was  made  by  personal 
etfort,  he  then  went  to  Joplin,  Missouri,  and 
jiassed  six  months  in  the  lead  mines  to  secure 
sufficient  funds  to  purchase  his  medical  outfit. 
After  this  he  comtnenced  practice  in  Franklin 
county,  Arkansas,  and  continued  there  until  the 
fall  of  1880,  when  he  returned  to  the  Vander- 
bilt University  and  graduated  in  1881  with  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  He  then  located  at  Paris, 
Logan  county,  Arkansas,  and  followed  a  gen- 
eral practice  until  1884.  At  that  time,  because 
of  political  intolerance  and  his  outspoken  Re- 
publican ideas,  his  life  was  endangered  by  a 
disloyal  mob,  and  after  quiet  was  restored  he 
removed  to  Siloam  Springs,  northwestern  Ar- 
kansas, where   he   practiced  until   the  spring  of 


1886.  That  year  he  came  to  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. He  first  settled  at  Chehalis,  where  he 
practiced  four  years.  Then  he  located  in  Olym- 
pia,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  here,  giving  particular  atten- 
tion to  the  treatment  of  catarrh  and  nervous 
diseases. 

Dr.  Adams  was  married  in  Sebastian  county, 
Arkansas,  in  the  fall  of  1877,  to  Miss  Simi  M. 
Weaver,  and  they  have  six  children.  luimely: 
Minnehaha,  Fay,  Ralph  Waldo,  Zilpah,  Nina 
and  Mary  Amanda. 

Socially,  the  Doctor  affiliates  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  President  of  the 
Board  of  Pension  Examiners,  vice-president  of 
Thurston  County  Medical  Society,  and  is  County 
Physician. 


LONZO  B.  WOODARD,  the  oldest 
practitioner  of  dentistry  in  the  city  of 
Olympia,  Washington,  was  born  in 
Branch  countv,  IMicliiiran,  .July  16.  1840. 
His  father,  llarvcy  R.  Woi.lanl,  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  his  anrc-t'irs  lia\  iiig  been  among 
the  Puritan  settlers  of  iVew  England.  With 
the  instinct  of  progression  iti  moving  westward, 
he  went  to  Michigan  in  boyhood  and  there 
learned  the  trade  of  millwright,  which  he  fol- 
lowed through  various  portions  of  the  State. 
He  married  Miss  Salome  Eaton,  a  native  of 
Vermont,  and  after  his  marriage  resided  in 
Branch  county  until  the  spring  of  1852,  when 
he  started  for  Oregon.  He  built  his  own 
wagons  duritig  the  preceding  year,  and  with 
tlu^e  wagons,  two  ox  teams  and  one  horse  team 
he  set  forth,  his  family  at  this  time  consisting 
of  his  wife,  three  sous  and  one  daughter." 
Traveling  to  Council  Bluffs,  he  there  met  other 
friends  from  Michigan,  and  a  train  of  fifty  wag- 
ons and  about  200  people,  with  James  Olds,  now 
of  Portland,  as  captain,  and  set  out  on  the  over- 
land journey.  The  long  trip,  covering  a  period 
of  eight  months,  was  exceedingly  tiresome  and 
was  void  of  any  particular  difficulty  or  adven- 
ture. Arriving  at  the  Dalles,  they  continued 
down  the  river  upon  barges  and  landed  at  Van- 
couver, passing  the  first  winter  there,  and  in 
the  s]iring  of  1853  proceeding  to  Olympia  by 
sailing  vessel.  Mr.  Woodard  performed  the 
mechanical  work  in  constructing  at  Tumwater 
the  first  flour  mill  which  ground  and  bolted 
flour.      He  continued   at  his   trade  until  1865, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


when  he  retired.  He  died  in  1871,  aged  sixty 
years.  His  widow  lived  to  the  age  of  seventy- 
nine  years,  passing  away  in  1890. 

Aloiizo  B.,  the  oldest  member  of  his  father's 
family,  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Olympia. 
He  worked  with  his  father  at  the  millwright 
business  until  1862,  when  he  went  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  entered  the  pliotographic  studio  of 
D.  H.  Hendee,  and,  later,  that  of  Messrs.  Card- 
well  &  Buchtel,  pioneer  photographers  of  the 
Northwest,  and  learned  the  art  of  photography. 

In  1868  he  returned  to  Tumwater  and  en- 
gaj^ed  in  ranching  and  the  milling  business. 
In"  1870  he  entered  the  oflice  of  Dr.  George 
Robinson,  dentist  and  photographer,  of  Olym- 
pia, afterward  purchased  the  art  gallery,  con- 
ducted the  same  until  1873,  and  also  studied 
dentistry.  He  practiced  his  profession,  and, 
through  assistants,  ran  the  gallery  until  1880. 
Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his  energies  ex- 
clusively to  dentistry. 

Dr.  Woodard  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
1867,  to  Miss  Eoxie  L.  Wallace.  They  have 
two  children:  Elma  and  Ada,  the  former  being 
the  wife  of  Frank  Crawford,  a  shipbuilder  of 
Tacoma. 

In  1873  Dr.  "Woodard  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Olympia  Manufacturing  Company, 
which  built  the  West  Side  mill.  He  served 
one  year  as  County  Commissioner,  two  terms  in 
the  City  Council  of  Olympia,  and  since  1880 
has  been  a  Director  of  the  city  schools.  He 
owns  valuable  property  in  and  around  the  city. 
Socially,  he  is  identitied  with  the  Oddfellows. 


l-^i^* 


•-«4C^ 


CAPTAIN  W.  G.  WEIR,  whose  name  is 
familiar  to  the  citizens  of  Clarke  county, 
is  especially  associated  with  the  village  of 
La  Center,  whose  foundation  he  laid  by  the 
establishment  of  a  dry-goods  store,  at  the  head 
of  navigation  on  the  Lewis  river.  He  was  the 
first  commander  of  the  steam  1  oats  on  this  river, 
having  purchased  the  "Swallow,"  a  small  vessel 
that  inaugurated  one  of  the  most  valued  indus- 
tries. Captain  Weir  had  had  many  years  of 
experience  in  both  canal  and  river  navigation  in 
Ohio  before  coming  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1872. 
He  at  once  interested  himself  in  river  naviga- 
tion, and  for  eighteen  years  plied  the  Lewis 
river.  As  before  mentioned,  he  was  instru- 
mental in   the  founding  of  the  village  of  La 


Center,  and  in  1873  was  the  prime  mover  in 
securing  the  establishment  of  a  postofiice  at 
this  point.  He  retained  his  interest  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  but  a  short  time,  preferring  to 
devote  his  time  and  energies  to  the  river.  His 
life  has  been  an  uneventful  one  viewed  in  the 
light  of  thrilling  adventure,  but  deeds  of  charity 
and  loving  kindness  have  blossomed  all  along 
his  ))ath,  conducing  to  his  own  comfort  and 
happiness. 

Abandoning  the  river.  Captain  Weir  opened 
a  restaurant,  in  the  management  of  which  he  is 
ably  aided  by  his  son;  he  has  also  an  attractive 
lodging-house,  where  the  weary  traveler  may 
find  rest  and  comfort. 

Captain  Weir  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
Jersey,  born  January  12,  1837.  His  parents, 
Daniel  and  Martha  (Young)  Weir,  were  also 
natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  were  descended 
from  the  early  settlers  of  that  State.  They  re- 
moved to  Ohio  in  1841;  so  the  Captain  passed 
his  boyhood  and  youth  in  the  Buckeye  State. 
While  a  youth  in  his  'teens  he  engaged  in  bridge- 
building,  and  for  a  period  of  seven  years  fol- 
lowed this  most  useful  industry.  In  the  mean- 
while his  parents  removed  to  Jasper  county, 
Iowa,  where  they  resided  the  remainder  of  their 
days.  The  father  died  in  May,  1890,  having 
survived  his  wife  thirty  years.  Captain  Weir 
was  united  in  marriage  in  Iowa.  July  9,  ld57, 
to  Miss  Hannah  Flock,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
thfere  were  born  to  them  six  children:  Adelaide, 
wife  of  Charles  Forbes;  Cocious,  Durward, 
Leroy,  Dnrrell  and  Valerie.  Mrs. Weir  departed 
this  life  January  9,  1898. 

Captain  Weir  owns  a  valuable  tract  of  land, 
consisting  of  120  acres,  thirty  of  which  are 
under  cultivation;  he  has  a  yoiing  orchard  of  a 
general  variety  of  fruits.  In  politics,  he  votes 
with  the  Democratic  party,  but  takes  no  active 
interest  in  the  movements  of  that  body  beyond 
the  exercise  of  his  right  of  franchise. 


r^'  EOKGE  H.  DARLAND,  one  of  the  young 
I  jf  and  progressive  farmers  of  Ivlickitatcoun- 
>^|  ty,  residing  seven  miles  northwest  of  Gol- 
^  dendale,  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Ore- 
gon, a  son  of  S.  R.  Darland,  a  native  of  Illinois. 
The  latter  resided  for  a  time  in  Iowa,  and  in 
1865,  via  Forts  Laramie  and  Hall,  he  crossed 
the  plains  with  his  family,  locating  near  Salem, 


HJSTOIiT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


Oregon.  In  1876  he  came  to  Klickitat  county, 
Washington,  taking  the  homestead,  where  he 
now  lives,  but  has  since  added  to  his  original 
purchase  until  he  now  owns  280  acres  of  well 
improved  land.  He  has  a  good  dwelling,  also 
barns  and  outbuildings  for  the  convenience  of 
stock. 

George  H.  Darland,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
now  owns  320  acres  of  well  improved  land, 
seven  miles  northwest  of  Goldendale,  and  160 
acres  as  a  homestead,  making  a  total  of  480 
acres.  He  devotes  his  time  principally  to  whear- 
raising,  and  his  average  crop  yields  about  thirty- 
live  bushels  per  acre.  He  also  has  good  and 
substantial  buildings,  a  large  orchard,  etc. 

Mr.  Darland  -was  married  in  December,  1887, 
to  Miss  Mary  Hale,  then  of  this  county,  but  a 
native  of  Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of  W.  H. 
Hale,  of  Klickitat  county.  Our  snbject  and 
wile  have  two  children:  William,  born  October 
5,  1889;  and  Lois,  born  August  30, 1891.  Mr. 
Darland  is  a  member  of  the  Spring  Creek 
Grange,  in  which  he  now  holds  the  office  of 
Gi-and  Master. 


CAPTAIN  E.  F.  13UCKLIN,  of  Seattle, 
was  born  in  Warren,  Maine,  September 
-^'  15,  1851,  a  son  ot'Eben  and  Lydia  (Mank) 
Bucklin,  natives  also  of  that  State.  Our  sulj- 
ject  was  early  inured  to  farm  labor,  and  improved 
the  educational  advantages  of  his  native  locality. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  was  apju-en- 
ticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  machinist,  at  Camden, 
Maine,  where  lie  remained  until  1875,  and  in 
that  year  crossed  the  continent  to  Puget  Sound. 
After  bis  arrival,  Mr.  Bucklin  was  employed  at 
the  Fort  Madison  Mill  two  years;  was  then  for 
ten  months  engineer  (if  the  steamer  "  Ruby," 
running  between  Port  Madison  and  Seattle; 
was  master  of  the  same  boat  eighteen  months, 
and  the  company  then  discontinued  business. 
The  Captain  was  ne.^t  master  of  the  tug 
"  Celilo "  eighteen  months,  and  was  then  six 
months  on  the  steamboat  "  Evangel,"  running 
between  Seattle  and  Westminster,  British  Co- 
lumbia, but  on  account  of  insufficient  business 
the  steamer  was  laid  up.  He  then  returned  to  the 
Port  Madison  Mill  Company,  as  master  of  the 
tug  "  Addie,"  and  with  the  exception  of  nine 
months  as  Captain  of  the  tug  "  Dispatch,"  he 
continued  on  that  boat  for  eight  years,  or  until 


1888.     In  that  year  he  became  Captain  of  the 
tug  "Biz,"   owned  by  Captain    E.  Miller,  with 

which  he  is   now  conducting   a   general   towing 
.  e>         to  6 

business. 

Captain  Bucklin  was  married  in  1875,  to 
Miss  Helen  C.  Day,  a  native  of  Camden,  Maine. 
They  have  one  child:  Mary  L.  The  Captain  is 
a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,and  the  American 
Brotherhood  of  Puget  Sound  Pilots,  No.  16. 
He  owns  both  valuable  improved  and  unim- 
proved property  in  the  city  of  Seattle. 


SOUTH  BEND.— This  young  city,  which 
I  is  in  the  extreme  western  part  of  Wash- 
~ ington,  and  at  which  commerce  by  deep- 
sea  vessels  and  by  rail  merge,  is  looked  uj)on  as 
one  of  the  future  important  places  of  the  coast. 

It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  deep-water  navi- 
gation on  Willapa  river,  and  within  eighteen 
miles  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  has  a  wharfage 
line  several  miles  in  extent,  with  a  sufficient 
depth  of  water  to  float  the  largest  ocean  vessels. 
The  upper  portion  of  the  river,  from  South 
Bend  to  Willapa  City,  is  navigable  for  steamers 
of  moderate  size.  The  teredo,  which  has  com- 
mitted such  ravages  upon  the  docks  and  wharves 
of  other  Pacific  ports,  is  entirely  unknown  on 
the  Willapa  harbor.  Piles  driven  at  South 
Bend  twenty  years  ago  are  intact  and  uninjured, 
the  flow  of  fresh  water  being  sufficient  to  pre- 
clude the  existence  of  the  destructive  pest.  The 
harbor  is  entirely  land-locked,  affording  abso- 
lute shelter  and  safe  anchorage  for  shipping. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  city  the  harbor  is  a 
basin  from  1,200  to  1,800  feet  wide,  with  chan- 
nels along  both  shores,  and  a  wide,  shallow 
middle  ground.  Fronting  on  this  basin  on  the 
south  is  a  large  tidal  flat  of  about  225  acres  in 
extent,  and  on  this,  which  forms  part  of  the 
first  and  second  additions  to  South  Bend,  are 
located  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  terminal 
grounds.  Tlie  advisability  of  dredging  this  large 
basin,  and  filling  the  flat  from  the  material  ob- 
tained, was  undertaken  by  the  citizens  of  South 
Bend,  assisted  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad 
Company,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  estimated 
cost — a  half-million  dollars — would  be  suffi- 
ciently high  to  deter  many  an  older  and  larger 
place  from  beginning  such  an  enterprise.  On 
the  luth  of  July,  1891,  the  Bowers  dredger, 
which  had  been  used  on  similar  work  (though 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


on  a  smaller  scale)  at  Tacoma,  was  towed  around 
from  that  city  to  South  Bend,  and  began  an  en- 
gagement of  two  years'  constant  work,  niglit 
and  day. 

The  basin  was  dredged  to  a  depth  of  twenty- 
six  feet  at  low  tide,  and  the  fiat  raised  three 
feet  above  the  former  level,  with  the  material 
obtained,  which  was  a  sandy  clay.  Thus  were 
simultaneously  created  a  llrst-class  harbor  and  a 
magnificent  town  site.  The  United  States  war 
vessel  Monterey,  which  made  a  tour  of  the  fa- 
cilic  coast  of  the  United  States  in  1893,  visiting 
the  principal  seaports,  anchored  in  the  spacious 
harbor  at  South  Bend,  and  was  enthusiastically 
received  by  the  citizens. 

The  year  1893  marked  the  completion  of  the 
line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kailroad  into  South 
Bend.  This  line  intersects  the  company's  main 
line  at  Chehalis,  and  from  that  point  the  origi- 
nal plan  contemplates  an  extension  to  North 
Yakima,  giving  even  more  direct  communica- 
tion from  South  Bend  to  the  East. 

Much  capital  has  been  expended  in  building 
U])  the  city  and  its  industries.  Its  resources 
are  many,  and  some  of  the  best  financiers  of  the 
Northwest  pin  their  faith  to  the  futui'e  of  South 
Bend. 

^■^<-^ 

d(()IlN  KURTZ,  a  highly  respected  citizen 
I  living  four  miles  west  of  Goldendale, 
Klickitat  county,  was  born  in  Ohio,  Jiily5, 
1834,  a  son  of  John  Kurtz,  a  native  of  Ger- 
many. In  the  early  part  of  their  lives  the 
parents  crossed  the  Atlantic  ocean,  coming  to 
this  country  in  search  of  a  new  home  in  a  free 
land.  Landing  in  New  York  harbor,  tiiey  emi- 
grated to  Peimsylvania,  but  afterward  moved  to 
Ohio,  where  they  toiled  and  spent  the  remain- 
der of  their  lives. 

John  Kurtz,  our  subject,  spent  his  early  life 
in  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  came 
west  to  Indiana,  spending  three  years  in  Lake 
and  Porter  counties,  and  during  two  years  of 
that  time  was  employed  as  clerk  by  Mallby 
Carr,  of  Valparaiso.  He  next  went  to  Minne- 
sota, and  at  the  opening  of  the  late  war  enlisted 
for  service  at  Clearfield,  that  State,  was  stationed 
at  Fort  Hamilton,  New  York,  and  took  part  in 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  that  of  Antie- 
tam,  and  in  many  skirmishes.  He  was  dis- 
charged at  Fort  Hamilton,  June  2,  1865.  In 
1879  Mr.  Kurtz  came  to  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 


ington, where  he  has  160  acres  of  land  under  a 
fine  state  of  cultivation.  He  was  one  of  the 
early  pioneers  in  this  county,  and  takes  an 
active  interest  in  every  enterprise  for  the  ad- 
vancement, of  his  community. 

Mr.  Kurtz  was  znarried  in  1857,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  McCabe,  then  of  Minnesota  but  a 
native  of  New  York,  and  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  McCabe,  natives  of  Ireland.  They 
came  to  New  York  in  an  early  day,  and  later 
crossed  the  plains  to  the  golden  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, locating  in  Napa  county,  where  they  re- 
mained seventeen  years.  The  father  died  in 
New  York,  and  the  mother  afterward  removed 
to  Minnesota,  where  she  spent  her  declining 
years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kurtz  have  three  chil- 
dren:  Clara  Bower,  Lidia  Darling  and   Lestie. 

Mr.  Kurtz  is  a  member  of  the  Baker  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  Goldendale,  of  which  he  is  now 
Senior  Vice-Commander. 


\l  jl  ))lLLIAM  T.  FORREST,  Commissioner 
\//\r  of  Public  Lands,  Washington,  was  born 
^  ^  in  Jefferson  county,  Iowa,  in  July, 
1849,  son  of  J.  M.  and  M.  A.  (Bullett)  Forrest, 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  Indiana  respectively. 
His  parents  were  among  the  earliest  pioneers  of 
southeastern  Iowa,  having  located  there  when 
it  was  a  Territoiy,  and  there  they  passed  their 
lives,  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

William  T.  was  educated  at  the  Iowa  Central 
University,  with  a  course  of  law  at  the  State 
University,  graduating  at  the  latter  institution 
in  tiie  year  1882.  He  was  then  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  district  courts  of  Iowa  and  tlie 
district  and  circuit  courts  of  the  United  States. 
He  opened  an  office  at  Fairfield,  the  county  seat 
of  Jefferson  county;  but,  subsequently  deciding 
to  come  to  the  Pacific  coast,  he  left  for  Califor- 
nia in  the  spring  of  1883.  After  passing  sev- 
eral months  in  looking  over  the  Golden  State, 
in  August  he  traveled  north,  and  finally  located 
at  Chehalis,  Lewis  county,  Washington,  where 
he  opened  an  office  and  engaged  in  his  profes- 
sion. He  took  an  active  part  in  local  affairs, 
serving  as  member  of  the  Council  and  as  Mayor 
of  the  city.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature,  and  at  the  first  State  elec- 
tion, held  in  October,  1889,  as  a  nominee  of  the 
Republican  party,  he  was  elected  to  tiie  office  of 
Commissioner  of  Public  Lands.     The  duties  of 


IIlSTORy    OF    WASHINGTON. 


G95 


this  position  embrace  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
State  granted  lands,  school  lands  and  tide  lands. 
Mr.  Forrest  is  also  a  member  of  the  several  land 
commissions. 

He  was  married  at  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1888, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  R.,  daughter  of  Daniel  Kou- 
debiish,  a  native  of  Illinois.  He  still  calls  Che- 
halis  his  home,  having  continued  his  professional 
interests  in  that  city,  expecting  to  resume  prac- 
tice there  when  he  retires  from  his  present  posi- 
tion. Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Ohehalis  Improvement 
Company,  and,  besides  having  private  landed 
interests,  is  actively  engaged  in  many  enter- 
prises which  teiid  to  develop  the  citv  of  his 
adoption. 


'AFT.  0.  S.  REINHART,  Clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Washington,  was  born 
in  Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  in 
1856.  His  father,  Stephen  D.  Reinhart,  was 
born  in  Kentucky  and  reared  in  Indiana.  lu 
the  latter  State  he  learned  the  trade  of  mill- 
wright and  married  Miss  Sarah  Cock,  a  native 
of  Indiana.  In  1852  they  set  out  with  o\  teams 
to  cross  the  plains  to  Oregon,  and  after  expe- 
riencing many  hardships  ultimately  arrived  at 
the  Dalles,  where  Mr.  Reinhart  built  a  raft  and 
assisted  a  number  of  emigrants  to  the  Cascades. 
J5eing  financially  "  broke,"  he  secured  employ- 
ment at  the  Cascades,  in  loading  a  small  sloop 
and  taking  her  down  to  Portland,  where  he  arrived 
in  the  fall.  He  then  proceeded  to  Thurston 
county,  Washington  Territory,  and  located  on 
Mound  Prairie,  from  which  place  he  was  subse- 
quently run  oif  by  the  Indians.  After  that  he 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  in  Olympia  until 
1862,  when  he  moved  to  eastern  Oregon  and 
turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  mercantile 
pursuits,  remaining  there  until  1867.  That 
year  he  located  in  Napa  county,  California, 
where  he  resumed  work  at  his  trade,  and  later 
was  employed  as  bridge  builder  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Raih-oad.  In  1871  he  i-eturiied  to  Ore- 
gon and  was  appointed  carpenter  at  the  Grande 
Ronde  reservation,  also  temporary  Indian  agent, 
continuing  there  until  1872.  Then  he  went  to 
Whatcom  county  and  homesteaded  160  acres  of 
land,  upon  wliich  he  has  since  been  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursirits,  now  having  one  of  the  best 
improved  farms  in  the  county- 


C.  S.  Reinhart  was  educated  at  the  San  Jose 
Institute  and  Commercial  College  in  California, 
and  at  tiie  Willamette  University  at  Salem, 
Oregon.  He  then  entered  the  office  of  the  Puget 
Sound  Courier  at  Olympia,  and  was  employed 
"  at  the  case"  there  and  in  different  localities 
until  1873.  Subsequently  he  worked  in  the 
office  of  the  Oregon  Satesman  at  Salem,  and 
still  later  spent  one  year  in  the  office  of  the  Sur- 
veyor General.  In  1S79  he  engaged  in  the 
saddle  and  harness  business  with  Mr.  Downer 
at  Stayton,  East  Portland,  and  Goldendale,  con- 
tinuing the  business  until  1884.  At  that  time 
Mr.  Reinhart  sold  out  and  bought  an  interest  in 
the  Klickitat  Sentinel,  which  he  subsequently 
sold.  This  paper  was  consolidated  with  the 
Goldendale  Gazette,  and  was  continued  as  the 
Goldendale  Sentinel,  with  Judge  R.  O.  Dunbar 
as  editor  and  Mr.  Reinhart  as  foreman  of  the 
press  room.  A  year  later  Judge  Dunbar  re- 
signed, and  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  elected 
editor,  in  which  capacity  he  continued  until 
March  4,  1891,  when  he  was  appdinted  Clerk 
of  the  Supreme  Court.  Upon  receiving  this 
appoincment  he  at  once  removed  his  family  to 
Olympia,  Jind  here  he  has  since  resided. 

In  1885  Mr.  Reinhart  assisted  in  the  organi- 
zation of  Company  B,  Second  Regiment,  Na- 
tional Guard  of  Washington,  and  was  appointed 
Sergeant.  Afterward  he  was  in  turn  commis- 
sioned Lieutenant  and  Captain,  serving  in  the 
latter  capacity  about  four  years.  With  the  or- 
ganization of  Company  A,  First  Regiment, 
National  Guard  of  Washington,  at  Olympia,  in 
l)eceniber,  1891,  Captain  Reinhart  was  induced 
to  accept  the  captaincy  of  that  company  and  was 
duly  commissioned.  He  has  proved  an  efficient 
and  satisfactory  officer,  and  has  placed  the  com- 
pany upon  a  creditable  working  basis,  and  this 
company,  although  among  the  youngest,  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  in  tiie  State. 

Captain  Reinhart  was  married  in  Salem,  in 
1877,  to  Miss  Clara  Downer,  daughter  of  Joseph 
W.  Downer,  a  pioneer  of  1847,  and  now  a  resi- 
dent of  North  Yakima.  They  have  four  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  William  AY.,  Anna,  lone  and 
Eva  Rath.  The  Captain  built  -his  comfortable 
cottage  home  at  No.  1022  East  Second  street. 
He  also  owns  valuable  city  and  country  property 
at  Goldendale,  and  has  forty  acres  of  fruit  land 
in  Whatcom  county. 

Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  at  Goldendale.  He  was 
elected   to  the  last  Territorial  Legislature,  but 


HISTORY     OF    WASIIINOTON. 


before  it  convened  the  Territory  was  admitted  as 
,ji  State.  An  active  Eepnblican,  he  has  fre- 
quently been  a  candidate  at  county  conventions, 
and  for  three  terms  served  in  the  City  Council 
of  Goldendale. 


W^^^- 


5  AMU  EL  WILLEY,  proprietor  of  the 
steamboat  "Multnomah,"  resides  at  the 
corner  of  Eiglith  and  Washington  streets, 
Ulympia,  Washington.  He  has  long  been  iden- 
tified with  the  interests  of  the  Northwest,  and 
it  is  therefore  titting  that  some  personal  mention 
be  made  of  him  in  this  work.  Following  is  a 
brief  sketch  of  his  life: 

Samuel  Willey  was  born  in  Cherryfield,  Wash- 
ington county,  Maine,  April  l-t,  1826.  His 
parents,  Samuel  D.  and  Hannah  (Conley)  Wil- 
ley, were  also  natives  of  Maine,  being  descended 
from  Thomas  Willey,  of  Dover,  New  Hamp- 
shire, wdio  was  taxed  in  1648.  Farming  was 
the  industry  of  their  ancestors,  who  found  honor 
in  the  occupation  and  also  ably  assisted  in  the 
development  and  maintenance  of  the  country. 

Samuel  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  having  been  reared 
to  agricultural  and  lumbering  pursuits.  In 
1847  he  left  home  and  devoted  his  time  exclu- 
sively to  lumbering  and  logging  until  1859.  In 
the  meantime,  July  2,  1848,  he  married  Miss 
Lydia  Moss.  Leaving  his  family  the  East,  he 
started  in  1859  for  California,  embarking  from 
New  York  on  the  steamer  "  Star  of  the  West," 
for  Aspinwall,  and  re-embarking  at  Panama  on 
the  "  Golden  Gate"  for  San  Francisco,  where  he 
arrived  August  24.  Going  to  Siskiyou  county, 
lie  followed  placer  mining  near  Yreka  for  two 
years  with  fair  success.  He  then  returned  to 
his  family  in  Maine,  resuming  the  lumbering 
business  there,  and  continued  the  same  until 
1867,  when  he  again  started  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  this  time  with  the  determination  of  build- 
ing a  home  for  his  family  and  making  it  his 
permanent  abiding  place.  Upon  his  arrival  in 
California,  he  was  employed  by  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad  Company  in  building  water-tanks 
between  Cisco  and  Humboldt  Springs,  being 
thus  employed  about  eighteen  months.  From 
there  he  came  to  Puget  Sound  and  engaged  in 
the  logging  business  in  Mason  county.  In 
1871  he  sent  for  his  family,  thus   making  his 


home  and  household  complete.  He  continued 
his  logging  interests  until  1880,  when  he  moved 
to  Olympia  for  permanent  settlement. 

Upon  locating  in  Olympia,  Mr.  Willey  pur- 
chased tiie  steamer  Susie,  a  propeller  passenger 
boat,  which  he  and  his  sons  operated  between 
Oakland  and  Olympia  in  a  general  passenger 
and  freight  service.  In  1883  he  sold  the  Susie 
and  bought  the  Willie,  a  stern-wheeler,  and 
continued  the  same  character  of  service  till 
June,  1892.  He  had  carried  on  the  logging 
business  up  to  1889.  That  year  he  went  to 
Portland  and  bought  the  stern -wheel  steamboat 
Multnomah,  which  had  been  running  between 
Portland  and  Astoria.  lie  fitted  the  vessel  for 
sea  and  ran  her  with  her  own  strength  to  Puget 
Sound,  making  the  distance  between  Astoria 
and  Port  Townsend  in  twenty-two  hours,  safely 
arriving  at  Olympia.  Mr.  Willey  established 
the  line  between  Olympia,  Kamilche  and  Ta- 
coma,  which  he  operated  about  eighteen  months, 
after  which  he  changed  his  course  from  Olympia 
to  Seattle,  tlie  present  run,  making  the  round 
trip  every  day.  The  steamer  is  now  operated 
by  his  two  sons,  La  Fayette  as  captain,  and 
George  B.  as  purser.  Mr.  Willey's  family  is 
composed  of  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  One 
son.  Philander  L.,  formerly  captain  of  the 
Willie,  now  commands  the  City  of  Aberdeen. 
The  daughter,  Lncretia,  is  the  wife  of  J.  S. 
Leighton. 

In  1884  Mr.  Willey  built  the  comfortable 
home  in  which  he  now  resides,  and  in  1889  he 
retired  from  active  life,  except  as  he  is  occupied 
in  looking  after  his  private  interests.  The  com- 
panion of  his  youth  is  still  living.  Mr.  Willey 
has  made  some  wise  investments  in  real  estate, 
and  is  now  the  owner  of  much  valuable  prop- 
erty, both  improved  and  unimproved.  He  is  a 
member  of  no  societies,  and  has  never  been  a 
seeker  for  public  office.  Believing  that  "the 
Lord  will  help  those  who  help  themselves," 
he  has  followed  this  principle,  and  his  efforts 
have  been  crowned  with  ample  success. 


— ^m 


^•^ 


5AMUEL  F.  BURR  was  born  January  12, 
1852,  in  Trumbull  county,  Ohio,  about 
two  miles  from  Center  Johnson  and  five 
miles  from  Kinsman.  His  parents  were  David 
Solomon  and  Navy(North)  Burr.    The  former,  a 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


native  of  Connecticut,  emigrated  to  Ohio  in 
1840.  When  Samuel  was  about  two  montlis 
old  his  parents  moved  to  the  lead  recrjon  of  the 
State  of  Wisconsin,  and  remained  until  1854, 
when  they  started  for  the  coast.  Their  original 
intention  on  starting  from  Ohio  was  to  go  west, 
but  tliey  stopped  in  Wisconsin  to  linisii  out- 
fitting, which  being  done  they  continned  their 
journey,  crossing  the  Missonri  at  Kantzvilie. 
They  had  traveled  but  a  few  days  when  the 
father  died  and  was  buried  on  the  plains.  The 
rest  of  their  trip  was  uneventful.  They  finally 
located  at  Orting,  Washington,  wliere  they  re- 
mained only  a  few  months,  finally  locating  about 
a  mile  out  from  Tacoma,  in  1855,  close  to  Lake 
View  on  the  Northern  Pacific  raihoad.  After 
four  or  five  years  they  removed  to  Sumner,  and 
located  where  Mr.  Burr  at  present  resides. 

Mr.  Burr  was  brouglit  up  in  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  and  received  his  education  in  the 
local  schools.  He  was  married  in  Jamestown, 
New  York,  June  19,  1890,  to  Miss  Mary  Sni- 
der, daughter  of  Peter  and  Mary  (North) 
Snider. 

Mr.  Burr  is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising,  also  making  a  specialty  of  the  dairy 
business.  To  further  this  department  of  his 
farming,  he  introduced,  November  15,  1885, 
some  of  the  finest  breeds  of  cows,  shipping  the 
same  from  southern  Oregon. 


^l^^ 


GHAIILES  F.  SEAL,  cashier  of  the  Mer- 
chants' Bank  of  Port  Townscnd,  was  born 
in  Millersburg,  Pensylvania,  (ictober  1, 
1856.  His  parents,  Jesse  and  (!aroline  (Beard) 
Seal,  were  also  natives  of  the  Keystone  State, 
descended  from  early  settlers,  who  were  of  Hol- 
land and  Scotch- Irish  ancestry. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm  and  laid  the  foundation  of  his  edu- 
cation at  the  common  schools,  on  which  he  has 
since  built,  acquiring  knowledge  in  the  various 
channels  of  experience.  When  fourteen  years 
of  age,  he  engasred  in  the  printing  business  at 
Millersburg,  Pennsylvania,  thus  complying  with 
his  father's  request,  who  was  unable  to  give  his 
son  a  college  education.  After  a  year  and  a 
half,  the  printing  office  was  removed  to  Tyrone, 
the  same  State,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
continued  his  apprenticeship,  remaining  with 
the  paper  eight  and  a  half  years.      During  this 


time,  lie  passed  through  the  .several  departments 
of  newspaper  and  book-jobbing  work,  at  the 
same  time  attending  night  schools,  acquiring  a 
good  practical  education. 

His  opportunities  for  promotion  in  newspa 
per  work  appearing  to  him  rather  meager,  he 
resigned  his  position,  in  1879,  to  accept  a  clerk- 
ship in  the  transportation  department  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  at  Altoona, 
where  he  remained  two  years.  lie  afterward 
worked  in  tlie  same  department  in  Philadelphia 
until  1883,  at  which  time  he  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  follow  out  a  youthful  ambition  to  mak- 
ing his  home  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  Portland, 
Oregon,  being  his  objective  point.  Ue  duly 
arrived  in  that  city  on  April  20,  1883,  without 
an  acquaintance  in  the  place.  Meeting  a  sur- 
veyor formerly  from  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Seal 
secured  work,  in  which  he  continued  for  one 
year.  He  then  assisted  in  organizing  the  Port- 
land Construction  Company,  and,  as  vice  presi- 
dent, took  an  active  jiart  in  the  management  of 
the  business,  which  ^..ll-i^tcll  in  the  buililingof 
docks,  bridges  and  biiek  and  frame  struetnies. 
Owing  to  the  depressed  times,  however,  the 
company  made  but  little  financial  progress,  and, 
in  Septi'nilier,  1886,  Mr.  Seal  sold  his  interest. 
In  tlie  following  October,  he  was  offered  a 
position  as  Ijook-keeper  in  the  banking  lioute 
of  Ladd  \'  Tilton,  which  he  accepted.  During 
his  connection  of  three  years  with  this  institu- 
tion, he  was  employed  in  the  several  depart- 
ments of  the  business,  receiving  a  thoroughly 
practical  banking  education  under  the  personal 
direction  of  Mr.  Ladd,  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful bankers  in  the  Northwest. 

In  November,  1889,  Mr.  Ladd  purchased  a 
controling  interest  in  the  Merchants'  Bank 
of  Port  Townseud,  in  which  institution  Mr. 
Seal  also  became  a  stockholder,  and  was  elected 
cashier.  He  at  once  entered  oil  the  duties  of 
his  new  office  by  removing  to  Port  Townsend, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  Under  his 
able  management,  the  bank  has  e;ijoyed  a  pros- 
perous career  and  has  conducted  a  large  portion 
of  the  financial  transactions  of  the  city.  In 
connection  with  these  duties,  Mr.  Seal  has  found 
time  to  engage  in  and  assist  several  other  im- 
portant enterprises.  He  superintends  the  i'artn- 
ing  and  timber  interests  of  the  Ladd  estate, 
situated  in  Jefferson  and  Clallam  counties.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Farmers'  Mer- 
cantile Company,  located  at  New  Dungeness, 
in  which  he  has  ever   since  retained   the   office 


niSTORT    OF    WASIIINOTON. 


of  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  This  company  was 
incorporated  with  $30,000  paid  np  capital,  and 
conducts  a  genera!  mercantile  business.  He  is 
also  manager  of  the  Groveland  Improvement 
Company,  who  purchased  150  acres  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dungeness  river,  where,  by  build- 
ing a  wharf  to  deep  water,  erecting  stores,  etc., 
they  have  developed  new  interests,  and  are  now 
conducting  an  e.xtensive  and  successful  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Seal  also  has  valuable  realty  interests 
in  Portland,  Port  Townsend  and  other  cities  of 
the  lower  Sound,  being  altogether  one  of  the 
most  active  men  in  the  development  of  his 
section  of  the  country. 

December  24,  1889,  Mr.  Seal  was  married, 
in  Portland,  to  Miss  Margaret  A.  Humphreys, 
a  native  of  Wales,  and  they  have  one  child, 
Carolyn. 

Mr.  Seal  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
chapter  and  commandery  of  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
Although  essentially  a  business  man  and  much 
engaged  in  material  affairs,  yet  Mr.  Seal  finds 
his  greatest  and  purest  enjoyment  in  iiis  home 
as  well  as  recreation  in  music  and  art. 


E'mMETT   N.  PAPvKER  is  at  the  present 
time  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
1   State  of   Washington    for   the  county  of 

Pierce.  He  is  a  native  of  York,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  born  on  May  12,  1859.  His  parents 
were  John  and  Mary  R.  (Phillips)  Parker,  the 
former  a  native  of  Mew  York,  the  latter  of 
Pennsylvania.  When  Emmett  X.  was  three 
years  old  his  father  died,  while  a  s-oldier  in  the 
Union  wrmy,  soon  after  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
liaving  served  in  that  engagement.  His  mother 
then  removed  to  Henry  county,  Iowa,  where 
our  subject  was  reared  in  the  family  of  his 
uncle,  on  a  farm,  and  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon school  and  at  Whittier  College,  Salem, 
Iowa.  On  leaving  college  in  1877  he  clerked 
in  a  dry-goods  store  for  three  years,  and  then 
went  to  Cincinnati  and  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  Bateman  &  Harper,  with  wiiom 
he  remained  for  two  years,  meanwhile  attend- 
ing a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School.     On  the  2d  of  June,  1882,  he  was  ad- 


itted   to   the    bar   of    the    Su 


preme 


Court  of 


Ohio.  He  then  removed  to  Kidder  county, 
Dakota,  whore  he  became  Probate  Judge,  which 
office  he  held  for  five  years,  after  which  he  came 


to  Tacoma  and  opened  a  law  office  and  practiced 
for  about  one  year,  when  he  became  the  attor- 
ney for  the  Wholesale  Merchants'  Association 
of  Tacoma,  and  was  in  that  capacity  until 
elected  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Ta- 
coma in  1890.  His  term  of  otKce  e.xpired  on 
the  first  Tuesday  of  January,  1893,  and  on  the 
second  Tuesday  of  the  same  month  he  assumed 
the  duties  of  his  present  office,  to  which  he  had 
been  elected  in  the  preceding  jSTovember. 

Judge  Parker  was  married  in  Iowa,  October 
22,  1884,  to  Miss  Emma  Garretson.  They  have 
three  children,  viz.:  Anna  T.,  Theodore  and 
Helen. 

Judge  Parker  was  a  charter  member  of  State 
Lodge,  No.  68,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  President  of 
the  Liberal  Club,  composed  of  business  and 
professional  men.  He  was  raised  a  Quaker,  and 
is  now  a  member  of  the  First  Frea  Church  of 
Tacoma  and  one  of  its  Trustees,  and  a  member 
of  the  Pierce  County  Bar  Association. 


jloHN  ANTON  MULLEE,  a  prominent 
)j>  Jl  citizen  of  Tacoma,  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
W'  born  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  Mayen,  on 
October  28,  1843.  His  parents  were  Andreas 
and  Julia  (Triacca)  Mtiller,  his  father  being  a 
merchant,  and  conducting  a  dyeing  and  print 
establishment  in  Mayen. 

John  Anton  iliiller  was  reared  and  educated 
in  his  native  place  until  the  age  of  fourteen, 
when  he  entered  college  at  Roermond,  Holland, 
and  after  a  few  years'  course  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  in  Cologne,  Rhenish  Prussia. 
In  1865,  he  emigrated  to  America.  He  first 
visited  an  uncle,  who  was  in  business  in  New 
York,  and  then  traveled  over  the  Southern 
States  looking  for  a  desirable  location.  He  fin- 
ally engaged  in  life-insurance  work,  and  was  sent 
later  on  to  Chicago  as  an  agent,  and  thence  to 
San  Francisco  as  a  general  agent,  in  February, 
1870.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Olympia,  where 
he  remained  only  a  few  months  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  Steilacoom  and  engaged  in  the  milling 
at  Byrd's  creek, 
the  Puyallup  at 
a  place  a  part  of  which  now  forms  the  site  of 
the  town  of  Orting.  In  1875  he  went  to  Seattle 
and  engaged  in  a  mercantile  business  for  nearly 
two  years,  and  then  started  a  tannery  in  part- 
nership with  a  Mr.  Schroeder.     He  continued 


busines:^  with  William  Niesen  at   Byrd's  en 
Later  on  he  began  farming  on  the  Puyallup 


nisrORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


at  this  for  more  than  a  year  and  then  accepted 
a  position  as  Deputy  Treasurer,  with  office  at 
Steilacoom.  He  went  to  Taconia  in  January, 
1881,  and  in  1882,  with  a  partner,  erected  the 
first  furniture  factory  the. city  ever  had.  It  was 
located  in  what  was  then  a  dense  woods.  In 
1883,  he  bought  a  sawmill  at  Alderton  and  ran 
it  for  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  South 
Prairie,  where  he  remained  until  March,  1887, 
when  he  began  hop-raising  near  Alderton, 
Pu  jail  up  valley.  He  removed  to  Tacoma  in 
1889,  but  still  retains  two  ranches,  on  which  he 
has  about  sixteen  acres  devoted  to  hops.  He  is 
at  present  conducting  a   box  factory  in  Tacoma. 

Mr.  Miiller  was  married,  February  7, 1878,  in 
Seattle,  to  Miss  Frances  Hess,  a  daughter  of 
August  and  Maria  Hess. 

Mr.  Miiller  is  a  member  in  active  standing  of 
the  German  ia  Society. 


dl  II.  WOOLERY,  Sheriff  of  King  county, 
Washington,  and  a  resident  of  Seattle,  was 
■—-  born  near  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  March  20, 
1851.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Margaret  (Whoo- 
bery)  Woolery,  natives  of  Kentucky,  settled 
near  St.  Louis  in  1848,  and  there  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits.  In  1853  they  joined  the 
tide  of  emigration  and  crossed  the  plains  to  the 
IS'orthwest  territory,  the  journey  covering  about 
six  months.  The  Indians  were  very  hostile, 
but  by  wise  management  and  watchfulni'ss  they 
escaped  serious  engagements,  and  in  due  time 
arrived  at  Fort  Steilacoom.  After  passing  the 
winter  at  the  fort,  in  the  spring  of  1854  Mr. 
Woolery  located  his  donation  claim  in  the  Piiy- 
ailup  valley  and  began  improvements  upon  the 
sauje  in  pioneer  style,  building  a  log  house  and 
clearing  land  to  get  in  a  crop.  Witii  the  In- 
dian uprising  in  1855,  tiiey  barely  escaped  mas- 
sacre, and  except  for  the  friendly  warning  of  a 
man  named  Adam  Benson,  must  have  perished 
by  hostile  hands,  as  the  family  were  yet  in 
sight  of  their  home  when  it  was  tired  by  the 
Indians.  Mr.  Woolery  and  his  family  returned 
to  Fort  Steilacoom  and  he  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Government,  having  charge  of  stock  and 
being  tluis  engaged  for  five  years,  after  which 
he  went  back  to  his  donation  claim  to  find  all 
its  improvements  destroyed.  He  again  began 
the  work  of  building  and  improving,  and  re- 
mained   on    the    farm    until    1876,    reclaiming 


seventy-five  acres  from  the  wilderness  and  de- 
veloping it  into  a  productive  farm,  which  he 
subsequently  sold  in  small  ranches  for  hop- 
growing  and  other  purposes.  In  1876  he  re- 
moved to  Walla  Walla  and  purchased  a  farm. 
It  was  not  long,  however,  before  ill  health  com- 
pelled him  to  retire  from  active  labor,  and  he 
died  in  January,  1893. 

J.  H.  Woolery  was  educated  in  the  schools 
at  Steilacoom,  with  a  finishing  course  at  the 
Territorial  University.  From  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  has  been  self-supporting.  At  that  age 
he  went  to  tiie  logging  camps  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Sound,  where  he  worked  for  a  number  of 
years.  In  1875  he  engaged  in  steam  boating, 
first  as  a  deck  hand  on  the  old  passenger  boat 
Eliza  Anderson,  running  between  Olympia  and 
Victoria.  By  honesty  and  faitliful  service  be 
steadily  rose  in  his  calling,  passing  through  the 
offices  of  mate,  })ursci-  and  captain,  spending 
six  years  as  licensed  pilot,  and  running  upon 
various  boats.  He  retired  from  steamboat  life 
in  1888. 

Having  served  four  and  a  half  years  as  Chief 
of  Police  of  Seattle  and  one  year  as  City  De- 
tective, in  1888  Mr.  Woolery  was  appointed 
Under  Sheriff  by  Sheriff  J.  H.  McGraw,  now 
Governor  of  "Washington,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  1890,  when  he  was  elected  upon 
the  Republican  ticket  as  Sheriff  of  King  coun- 
ty. At  the  Republican  convention  in  1892  he 
was  renominated  for  the  same  position,  and  re- 
elected. 

Mr.  Woolery  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1885, 
to  the  widow  of  John  D.  Reynolds,  7iee  Annie 
L.  Langdon,  of  Columbia  county,  New  York. 
Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  Encampment,  the  Uniform  and  Endow- 
ment Rank,  K.  of  P.,  and  Rainier  Council, 
Royal  Arcanum.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Washington  Pioneer  Association.  Having  wit- 
nessed the  growth  and  development  of  Seattle, 
Mr.  Woolery  has  unbounded  faith  in  her  future 
glory  and  greatness. 


APTAIN  JAMES  GRIFFITHS,  one  of 
the  representative  shipping  commission 
merchants  of  Port  Townsend,  was  born 
at  Newport,  England,  March  19,  1861.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  years,  as  an  apprentice,  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  old  established  liouse 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  Tredegar  Iron  Manufacturers,  miners  of  coal 
and  shipping  commission  merchants,  and  during 
his  four  years  of  service  passed  throngh  tiie 
various  departments  of  the  shipping  husiness 
and  customhouse  work.  After  completing  his 
apprenticeship,  Mr.  Griffiths  engaged  in  steve- 
dore work  for  the  same  company,  also  acted  as 
assistant  agent  and  owned  interests  in  steam- 
boats and  tugs  on  the  Bristol  Channel. 

In  May,  1885,  he  closed  his  several  interests 
there  and  started  for  Puget  Sound,  via  the 
steamer  City  of  R<nne  to  New  York,  and  thence 
overland  to  Tacoma,  arriving  June  11,  of  the 
same  year.  His  object  in  coming  here  was  to 
engage  in  the  shipping  and  tug-boat  business 
on  the  Sound.  He  opened  an  office  in  Tacoma, 
became  associated  with  General  J.  W.  Spragne 
and  I.  W.  Anderson,  and  under  his  special 
supervision  the  tug  Mogul  and  the  steam 
launch  Little  Joe,  were  built.  Mr.  Griffiths 
also  engaged  in  stevedoring,  in  the  importing 
of  pig  iron,  cement,  salt  and  tin  plate,  and  in  a 
general  shipping  conimission  husiness.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1885,  he  opened  a  branch  office  in  Port 
Townsend,  under  the  management  of  Captain 
Pierce,  and  engaged  in  towing  from  deep  sea  to 
the  Sound  ports.  In  June,  1886,  the  lirra  was 
changed  to  Griffiths,  Bridges  &  Stetson,  wiih 
Captain  Stetson  in  charge  at  Port  Townsend. 
In  February,  1887,  through  the  death  of  Mr. 
Bridges,  the  partnership  became  Griffiths,  Stet- 
son &  Co.  In  1888  the  Tacoma  office  was  dis- 
continued, and  Captain  Griffiths  removed  to 
Port  Townsend,  as  a  more  central  point  from 
which  to  manage  their  business.  From  1889 
to  1892  thej  operated  the  tug  Colliss,  in  con- 
junction with  the  Mogul  in  deep-sea  towage. 
Through  the  death  of  Captain  Stetson  in  1892, 
Mr.  Griffiths  succeeded  to  the  entire  business, 
although  he  retained  the  old  tirm  name.  In 
January,  1890,  the  firm  bought  the  schooner 
Ludlow,  and  towed  her  with  a  cargo  of  coal  to 
San  Francisco,  an  ini'.ovation  from  the  general 
character  of  work,  and  which  proved  very  suc- 
cessful. The  Ludlow  has  since  been  engaged 
in  work  on  the  Sound,  and  in  a  line  from  Re- 
dondo  island,  British  Colnmbia,  to  Portland, 
carrying  iron  ore  to  the  smelter  at  Oswego. 
After  the  whaleback  steamer,  Charles  W.  Wet- 
more,  reached  salt  water  at  Montreal,  the  Cap- 
tain became  agent,  and  superintended  the  load- 
ing and  tittin<r  of  the  Wetmore  for  sea.  During 
lier  trips  to  Europe  he  had  charge  of  the  whale- 
back  Jo.seph  L.  Caby  and  barge  110,  and  started 


them  in  the  coal  trade  between  Baltimore  and 
Boston.  On  the  return  of  the  Wetmore,  Mr. 
Griffitlis  loaded  her  at  New  York,  Wilmington 
and  Philadelphia  with  the  plants  for  the  paper 
mill,  nail  works  and  ship  yards  to  be  located  at 
the  new  city  of  Everett,  on  Pnget  Sound.  After 
discharging  the  vessel  he  returned  to  Port 
Townsend,  continuing  as  her  agent  until  her 
loss  on  Coos  bay,  September  8,  1892.  Under  . 
Captain  Griffiths'  management  the  tirm  have 
stowed  about  ninety  vessels  with  lumber  for  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  have  acted  as  brokers 
for  320  ships  of  American  and  foreign  register. 
He  was  married  at  Newport,  England,  in 
1884,  to  Miss  Susie  Griffiths,  a  native  of 
Brighton,  tiiat  country.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren, Stanley  A.  and  Albert  V.  In  political 
matters.  Captain  Griffiths  affiliates  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  but  never  seeks  public  prefer- 
ment. 


ARREN  L.  GAZZAM,oneof  the  active 
insurance  men  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
Mobile,  Alabama,  June  8,  1863,  a  son 
of  Charles  W.  and  Mary  (Thomas)  Gazzam,  na- 
tives respectively  of  New  York  and  Ohio. 
Charles  W.  Gazzam,  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  a  native  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty -one  years  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  William  Henry  Harrison 
as  the  first  director  of  the  United  States  Bank 
established  by  Congress  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  national  banking 
system,  this  institution  was  discontinued,  and 
Mr.  Gazzam  removed  to  Mobile,  Alabama, 
where,  under  the  new  system,  he  established 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Mobile,  now  one  of 
the  oldest  banking  institutions  in  the  South. 
This  bank  was  continued  by  the  father  of  our 
subject  until  1886,  when  the  latter  retired  from 
active  business,  except  in  caring  for  his  private 
interests. 

Warren  L.  Gazzam,  the  eldest  in  a  family  of 
live  children,  attended  school  until  eleven  years 
of  age.  Impelled  with  a  desire  to  enter  a  busi- 
ness career,  he  then  secured  a  position  in  the 
local  office  of  the  Home  Insurance  Company  of 
New  York,  at  Mobile,  at  the  compensation  of 
$1  per  week.  In  1882  he  went  to  Memphis, 
Tennessee,  in  charge  of  the  finance  department 
of  Johnson  &  Vance,  wholesale  and  retail 
clothiers.     In  1885  Mr.  Gazzam  was  appointed 


(^(^>6^^— -V^.^ 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


by  President  Cleveland  as  chief  clerk  of  the 
Interior  Department,  in  the  section  relating  to 
Indian  affairs,  with  headquarters  at  the  Apache 
Indian  Agency  in  Arizona  Territory.  As  the 
duties  were  attended  with  great  danger,  and 
after  several  skirmishes  with  the  Indians,  he 
decided  that  the  compensation  was  not  snfli- 
cient  for  the  hazard  involved,  and  in  July,  1886, 
tendered  his  resignation.  From  that  time  un- 
til in  May,  1888,  Mr.  Gazzam  was  engaged  in 
the  art  business  in  Seattle,  and  in  tlie  latter  year 
succeeded  to  the  Turnei-.  Engle  &  Lewis  Insur- 
ance Agency,  the  oldest  in  the  city,  having  been 
established  in  1871.  With  this  early  education 
in  insurance  matters,  he  put  new  energy  into  the 
business,  and  at  the  end  of  three  years  had  in- 
creased the  annual  premium  income  from  $10,- 
000  to  $104,000.  In  May,  1891,  he  was  ap- 
pointed special  agent  in  charge  of  Washington, 
Oregon  and  Idaho  for  the  North  British  & 
Mercantile  Insurance  Company,  and  his  agency 
was  succeeded  by  the  Gazzam  Insurance  Agency, 
both  of  which  interests  are  being  continued. 
Mr.  Gazzam  was  also  connected  with  the  pri- 
vate bank  of  G.  E.  Miller  &  Company,  which 
subsequently  merged  into  the  King  County 
Bank. 

In  Seattle,  in  October  1888,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Lulu  Yeaton,  a 
native  of  Salem,  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of 
Cyrus  F.  Yeaton,  a  pioneer  of  that  city.  To 
this  union  has  been  born  one  daughter.  Lea. 
The  family  reside  on  the  corner  of  Tentii  and 
Cherry  streets,  where  Mr.  Gazzam  owns  hand- 
some and  valuable  property. 


CHRISTIAN  MAIER,  one  of  the  wealthy 
pioneers  of  the  State  of  Washington,  was 
born  in  Germany,  February  22,  1833,  and 
lived  with  his  parents  until  he- was  fifteen  years 
of  age.  He  liad  always  manifested  a  .love  for 
the  sea,  and  at  this  time  decided  to  become  a 
sailor,  shipping  as  a  cabin  boy,  and  passing 
seven  years  on  the  water  in  many  parts  of  tiie 
globe,  and  rising  from  the  position  of  cabin  boy 
to  that  of  Captain.  He  visited  every  country 
in  the  world,  landing  in  New  York  about  the 
time  of  the  California  gold  excitement.  He 
thereupon  decided  to  leave  the  sea  atid  try 
mining  for  a  space  of  three  months.  However, 
when  he  reached  California,  he  found  that  gold 


was  about  as  hard  to  get  there  as  any  other 
place  in  the  world,  and,  disgusted,  he  left  the 
State  and  went  on  into  Oregon,  and  stopped  in 
the  Willamette  valley.  Being  out  of  money, 
and  totally  inexperienced  in  any  work  except 
the  management  of  a  ship,  he  was  obliged  to 
hire  out  as  a  farm-hand,  at  small  wages.  He 
remained  there  two  years,  and  then  came  to 
The  Dalles,  and  there  bought  himself  a  Cayuse 
pony,  and  started  for  Washington  Territory, 
landing  in  Walla  Walla  in  July,  1859.  with  Ins 
pony  and  $20,  which  represented  the  emolument 
from  his  two  years'  work  in  Oregon. 

In  this  State  he  hired  out  as  a  farm-haud,  and 
after  two  more  years  of  work,  having  acquired 
a  great  deal  of  experience,  and  some  few  dol- 
lars, he  bought  160  acres  of  land,  improved  it 
and  then  sold  it  for  $900.  That  gave  him  a 
start  in  life,  and  on  the  road  to  fortune,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  never  liad  any  misfortune  of 
more  than  nominal  order.  He  has  added  to  his 
farm  until  he  now  is  the  owner  of  2,360  acres 
of  choice  land,  for  a  portion  of  which  he  paid 
as  high  as  $65  per  acre.  He  is  cultivating  2,000 
acres;  has  lOO  in  timber,  and  160  in  pa.-ture. 
His  average  grain  yield  per  year  is  25,000 
bushels.  His  son-in-law  operates  700  acres. 
and  he  manages  the  remainder.  He  has  taken 
a  great  pride  in  his  farm,  and  has  a  fine  brick 
mansion,  where  he  now  enjoys  the  comforts  of 
life.  This  house,  which  he  built  at  a  cost  of 
$20,000.  ]i:is  every  nnnlei-n  improvement,  while 
the  e^..nlll|^  ,ii-e  kept  up  in  the  most  approved 
style:  |ii|H'-.  convey  hot  and  cold  water  all  over 
the  house,  which  is  heated  in  modern  style,  and 
the  parlors  are  as  large  and  luxurious  as  in  any 
house  in  an  Eastern  city. 

Mr.  Maier  has  on  his  place  all  the  necessary 
adjuncts  for  successfully  operating  a  large 
farm,  the  equipment  including  a  black- 
smith shop  and  a  gristmill  run  by  a  port- 
able engine,  while  his  agricultural  implements 
ai-e  so  numerous  that  his  sheds  resemble  a 
retail  house  for  the  sale  of  such  goods.  The 
barns  and  stables  are  thoroughly  modern,  water 
being  supplied  by  hydrants  and  pipes,  and  the 
whole  place  has  amjde  protection  from  damages 
by  Sre.  His  orchards  are  tilled  with  the  choicest 
fruits  that  can  be  grown  in  the  State.  Perhaps 
there  is  a  no  more  complete  farmhouse  in  the 
LTnited  States,  and  the  fact  that  our  subject 
designed  it  all  himself  ^dds  to  its  value.  Even 
the  brick  utilized  in  its  construction  was  bnrned 
on  the  place.     He  has  lionestlv  made  all  of  his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


money,  and  thinks  the  secret  of  his  success  has 
been  that  he  has  not  been  depending  upon 
others,  but  upon  himself,  for  all  of  his  gains. 
He  has  strictly  attend'ed  to  his  own  business, 
and  can  show  a  satisfactory  result. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1864,  to  Mary 
Sommers,  and  seven  childi'en  were  born  of  this 
union,  as  follows:  Harry,  Laura,  the  wife  of 
J.  Bartlet;  Robert,  Mary,  James,  Margaret  and 
Charles.  Mary  and  Margaret  keep  house  for 
their  father,  and  are  good  house-keepers,  and 
bright  young  ladies.  Politically,  our  subject 
is  a  Democrat,  and  believes  tirmly  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  that  party. 


- — '^■m-^^ 


[[If  ON.  MORRIS  B.  SACHS,  a  legal  prac- 
Ip^  titionerat  Port  Townsend,  and  ex -Judge 
I  II  of  the  Superior  Court,  was  born  in  Louis- 
T/  ville,  Kentucky,  December  1,  1859,  a  son 

of  Benedict  and  Henrietta  (Lipstine)  Sachs,  na- 
tives of  Germany.  The  fatiier  followed  the 
mercantile  trade  until  the  opening  of  the  late 
war,  after  which  he  was  extensively  engaged  in 
handling  cotton  and  tobacco.  In  1864  he  re- 
moved to  Cincinnati,  where  he  embarked  in  the 
wholesale  and  retail  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes,  continuing  that  occupation  until  his 
death,  in  1882.  The  business  is  now  conducted 
by  his  sons,  as  "  The  Sachs  Shoe  Manufacturing 
Company." 

Morris  B.  Sachs  received  his  education  in  the 
public  and  high  schools  of  Cincinnati,  where  he 
graduated  in  1878.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
years  he  began  reading  law  during  his  spare 
moments,  spending  his  summer  vacations  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  Isaac  M.  Jordan,  and  subsequently 
entered  the  law  department  of  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege, graduating  at  that  institution  in  1880.  He 
was  then  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  and  immediately  began  the 
practice  of  his  chosen  profession  in  Cincinnati. 
In  1883  Mr.  Sachs  came  to  California,  and 
thence  to  Port  Townsend,  where  he  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  C.  M.  Bradshaw,  a  pioneer 
of  this  State.  The  firm  of  Bradshaw  &  Sachs 
continued  until  1889,  when  the  former  was  ap- 
pointed Collector  of  Customs,  and  our  subject 
then  continued  alone  iu  a  general  practice. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Port  Townsend,  Mr. 
Sachs  entered  into  the  Republican  politics  of 
the  city  and  State,  served  one  term  as  City  At- 


torney, one  term  as  City  Treasurer,  and  in  1889, 
in  the  first  election  after  the  Territory  was  ad- 
mitted to  Statehood,  was  elected  Superior  Judge, 
the  district  then  covering  .lefierson,  Clallam, 
Island,  San  Juan  and  Kitsap  counties.  He 
served  to  the  expiration  of  his  term,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1893,  after  which  he  resumed  a  general 
practice.  In  1889  Mr.  Sachs  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Port  Angeles  Mill  &  Lumber 
Company,  of  which  he  has  since  held  the  posi- 
tions of  secretary  and  treasurer.  This  company 
purchased  1,300  acres  of  fine  timber  land  near 
Port  Angeles,  and  built  their  mill  on  the  prop- 
erty at  Wenomah,  with  a  capacity  of  30,000  feet 
of  lumber  and  100,000  shingles  daily,  which  are 
kiln-dried  and  shipped  to  Eastern  markets,  they 
having  been  among  the  first  to  ship  cedar  shin- 
gles to  Chicago.  Judge  Saclisisalso  a  member 
of  the  syndicate  who  purchased  340  acres  on 
Discovery  bay,  and  laid  off  the  town  site  of 
Junction  City.  He  also  owns  other  property  in 
Port  Townsend  and  Port  Angeles,  but  is  devot- 
ing his  attention  principally  to  the  practice  of 
law. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1889, 
to  Miss  Mattie,  a  daughter  of  Colonel  Henry 
Landes,  of  Port  Townsend.  She  died  in  1891, 
leaving  one  child,  Bertha.  Judge  Sachs  was 
married  in  Victoria,  in  1893,  to  Miss  Annie  L. 
Storey,  a  native  of  that  city. 


d'lUDGE  FRAXCIS  HEXRY,  a  resident  of 
I  Olympia,  and  the  pioneer  abstracter  in  the 
> — '  Territory  of  Washington,  was  born  in  Ga- 
lena, Illinois,  January  17,  1827. 

His  parents,  William  and  Rachel  (McQuigg) 
Henry,  were  natives  of  Connecticut  and  New 
York  respectively.  William  Henry  took  an 
active  part  in  the  war  of  1812.  being  a  Lieu- 
tenant of  artillery.  After  marriage  he  moved, 
to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  engaged  in  the  mill- 
ing business.  In  1825  he  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Galena,  where  lie  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business,  continuing  the  same  until 
1836,  when  he  removed  to  Mineral  Point,  Wis- 
consin, and  there  passed  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Francis  Henry  was  the  first  white  child  born 
in  Galena,  Illinois.  He  was  second  in  the 
family  of  four  children  and  is  now  the  only  sur- 
viving member  of  the  family.  His  education 
was  secured  at   the  old   log  school  bouse,  often 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


walking  sev'eral  miles  distant  to  improve  the 
simple  facilities  then  offered  by  the  short  winter 
schools.  His  early  manhood  was  passed  in  lead- 
mining  and  clerking,  being  thus  employed  up 
to  1847,  when  he  was  appointed  Second  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Third  United  States  Dragoons  for 
the  Mexican  war,  serving  at  the  city  of  Mexico 
under  General  Scott.  After  his  discharge  he 
joined  his  family  at  Mineral  Point,  Wisconsin, 
and  engaged  in  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
S.  J.  Dnnn.  In  the  summer  of  1851  Mr. 
Henry  started  for  California,  via  the  Panama 
route.  Duly  arriving,  he  proceeded  to  the 
mines  at  "Hangtown,"  now  called  Placerville, 
and  commenced  placer  mining,  making  good 
wa^es  but  not  realizing  the  sudden  wealth  which 
he  had  anticipated.  He  proceeded  from  camp 
to  camp,  visiting  Yankee  Jim  and  AVeaverville, 
where  he  passed  his  first  winter,  suffering  many 
deprivations  and  hardships.  They  were  snow- 
hound  for  two  months.  Supplies  gave  o\it  and 
barely  became  their  only  food.  With  the  open- 
ing of  spring,  he  commenced  mining  with  good 
success.  In  the  fall,  with  a  few  friends,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Sailor  diggings  on  Smith  river,  and, 
later,  to  Gold  Beach  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Kogue 
river.  In  anticipation  the  prospects  were  always 
rich,  and  the  reality  proving  a  failure  their 
changes  were  frequent.  In  the  spring  of  1855 
he  crossed  the  mountains  to  Jacksonville,  south- 
ern Oregon,  where  he  found  profitable  diggings; 
but,  with  the  mining  excitement  of  eastern 
AVashington,  he  started  for  that  locality,  from 
which  he  was  driven  by  the  Indian  outbreak. 
Peturning  to  Oregon,  he  located  at  La  Fayette, 
Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 

He  was  married  in  1857  to  Miss  Eliza  B. 
Henry,  daughter  of  Dr.  Anson  G.  Henry,  an 
Oregon  poineer  of  1852.  After  their  marriage 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  went  East  and  located  at 
Mineral  Point,  Wisconsin,  where  he  engHged  in 
the  abstract  business  with  his  brother,  William 
T.,  and  also  in  a  general  law  practice. 

With  his  early  enthusiasm  over  gold  excite- 
ments, Mr.  Henry  returned  to  this  coast  in 
1862  to  visit  the  Cariboo  mines,  but  instead 
was  diverted  to  the  Florence  mines  of  Idaho, 
where  he  passed  an  unprofitable  summer.  In 
the  fall  of  1862  he  came  to  Olympia  and  engag- 
ed in  Government  surveys,  under  Dr.  Anson 
(t.  Henry,  Surveyor  General,  working  along  the 
Sound  and  in  eastern  Oregon  for  fi\e  yeai's. 
In  1867  Mr.  Henry  made  an  abstract  of  titles 


of  Thurston  county,  the  first  ever  atttempted  in 
Washington,  and  since  then  has  continued  in 
the  abstract  and  real-estate  business,  also  con- 
ducting a  general  practice  of  law. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  have  five  children: 
Mamie  G.,  wife  of  George  H.  Foster;  Francis 
D.;  Kebecca  B.,  wife  of  Albert  Waddell;  Kufus 
W. ;  and  Fay  O. 

In  political  matters  Judge  Henry  has  been 
very  active,  having  served  eight  years  as  Pro- 
bate Judge,  several  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  besides  minor  local 
offices.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  which  assembled  at  Olympia, 
July  4,  1889,  and  in  advancing  and  supporting 
the  interests  of  the  new  State  he  has  been  an 
active  participant. 


D|R.    SIMON    BARCLAY    CONOVER, 
I    Surgeon  in  Chai-ge  of  the  United  States 
Quarantine  Station  at  Port  Townsend,  was 

born  in  Middlesex  county,  New  Jersey,  Septem- 
ber 23,  1840.  His  parents,  Samuel  and  Maria 
(Barclay)  Conover,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State  and  were  of  Holland-English  ancestry. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  academy  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  after 
which  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
the  preceptorsi.ip  of  Dr.  John  Wolverton,  an 
eminent  physician  of  that  city.     In  the  fall  of 

1862,  Mr.  Conover  entered  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  -University  of  Pennsylvania.  So 
well  did  he  improve  his  opportunities  that,   in 

1863,  after  a  most  rigid  examination,  he  was 
appointed  acting  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the 
United  States  Army,  and  assigned  to  duty  in 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  at  the  same  time  entering 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Nashville,  at  which  institution   he  graduated  in 

1864.  In  May  of  the  same  year,  he  was  as- 
signed to  Haddington  Hospital,  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  was  intimately  associated  with  Prof. 
Samuel  W. Gross,  which  gentleman  subsequently 
became  Professor  of  Surgery  in  Jefferson  Medi- 
cal College,  in  Philadelphia,      fn  the  spring  of 

1865.  at'  his  own  request.  Dr.  Conover  was 
transferred  to  Cincinnati,  and  assigned  to 
Woodward  Military  Hospital,  of  which  he  was 
afterward  placed  in  charge.  He  resigned  this 
position  in  the  fall  of  1865  and  rerurnerl  to 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,   where  ho    engaged  act- 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


ively  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  tlius 
continued  until  Jnly,  1866.  lie  tlien  accepted 
the  appointment  of  acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
and  was  assigned  to  Lake  City,  Florida,  as  Sur- 
geon in  Charge  of  the  United  States  military 
post  at  that  place,  where  he  remaiueil  until  the 
summer  of  1868. 

After  the  passage  of  the  reconstruction  meas- 
ures by  Congress,  Dr.  Conover  decided  to  re- 
main in  Florida,  and  he  took  an  active  part  in 
reconstructing  the  State.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  which  framed  the  re- 
construction laws,  according  to  special  act  of 
Congress,  and  after  the  re-admission  of  the 
State,  was  made  State  Treasurer  in  August, 
1868.  Resigning  his  medical  appointment,  he 
removed  to  Tallahassee,  the  capital,  where  he 
entered  on  the  duties  of  his  office,  in  which  he 
served  until  January,  1878.  In  the  fall  of 
1872,  he  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  of 
Leon  county  to  the  State  Legislature,  which 
convened  in  January,  1873,  and  by  wliich  body 
he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House.  During 
this  session  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  a  term  of  six  years,  serving  until 
March  4,  1879.  At  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention of  May,  1880,  he  was  nominated  to  the 
oifice  of  Governor  of  Florida,  but,  the  Demo- 
crats being  in  possession  of  the  State  govern- 
ment, he  was  Ijeaten  by  methods  better  known 
to  themselves. 

He  then  followed  his  profession  up  to  1883, 
when  he  was  appointed  acting  Assistant  Surgeon 
in  the  Marine  Hospital  service,  and  was  as- 
signed to  duty  in  Piiiladelphia,  where  he  at- 
tended the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  to  better 
lit  him  for  the  duties  of  active  practice.  In 
1885,  he  returned  to  Tallahassee  and  resumed 
his  practice.  During  the  year  he  was  one  of 
the  few  Republicans  elected  to  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  and  helped  frame  the  pres- 
ent Constitution  of  the  State. 

In  July,  1889,  he  came  to  Port  Towusend 
and  accepted  the  appointment  of  Surgeon  in 
Charge  of  the  LTnited  States  Quarantine  Station, 
the  duties  of  which  office  he  has  ever  since  con- 
tinned  to  discharge.  He  at  once  identified  him- 
self with  the  aifairs  of  the  State,  and  in  1891 
was  appointed  Regetit  of  the  Agricultural  Col- 
lege and  School  of  Sciences,  of  which  Board  he 
was  made  President,  discharging  those  duties 
for  two  years.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
State  World's  Fair  .Coinmission  from  its  incip- 
iency  and  Vice-President  of  both   the  General 


Commission  and  Executive  Committee.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce and  has  done  much  to  advance  the  inter- 
ests of  the  city  and  State. 

In  October,  1868,  Dr.  Conover  was  married, 
at  Penn's  Manor,  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
t<^  Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Ivins,  of  that  county,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Douglas  Carroll,  an  attor- 
ney of  Port  Townsend,  and  a  practitioner  in  the 
courts  of  the  State. 

Thus  briefly  have  we  been  permitted  to  re- 
view the  life  of  a  pre-eminently  self-made  man, 
who,  starting  in  life  without  financial  assistance, 
has,  by  honest  and  persevering  effort,  elevated 
himself  to  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all  who 
know  him. 


dl  W.  PALMER,  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
I  Court  of  Cowlitz  county.  State  of  Wash- 
ington, and  Clerk  of  the  county  of  Cow- 
litz, was  born  in  the  town  of  Williamsburg, 
Jefferson  county,  Illinois,  April  29,  1860,  a  son 
of  William  and  Patience  (Hill)  Palmer.  He 
was  a  lad  of  twelve  years  when  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Franklin  county,  Illinois.  His  par- 
ents being  poor,  he  was  compelled  to  work  out 
nights  and  mornings  for  his  board  in  order  to 
attend  school.  He  applied  himself  diligently 
to  the  task,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  was  suc- 
cessful in  securing  a  certificate  to  teach,  which 
he  did,  studying  of  nights  in  order  to  advance 
himself,  and  unfortunately  overworked  himself, 
so  that  a  decided  change  of  occupation  became 
necessary. 

Knowing  the  vigorous  exercise  that  would  be 
afforded  him  as  a  cow-boy,  he  went  to  the 
AVestern  plains,  and  followed  this  life  on  the 
cattle  ranges  from  Texas  to  Dakota,  from  1879 
until  1882.  The  result  was  most  satisfactory, 
as  perfect  health  was  restored  to  him.  His  ex- 
periences during  this  period  have  also  proven 
the  greatest  benefit  in  the  practical  business 
affairs  of  life. 

In  the  spring  of  1883  he  returned  to  Illinois 
and  spent  the  following  year  in  college;  he  then 
taught  school  during  the  winter  season,  and  for 
two  summers  worked  at  the  blacksmith's  trade. 
Desirous  of  becoming  familiar  with  the  re- 
sources of  his  country,  he  set  out  on  his  travels, 
which  lasted  several  years  and  took  him  into  all 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


}iuriious  ut"  the  Aorth  Aiuoricau  coutiiiciit.  In 
1889  he  came  to  Washington  and  located  at 
Carroll's  Point,  Cowlitz  county;  here  he  taught 
school  during  a  summer,  and  in  the  fall  secured 
work  in  the  county  auditor's  office.  In  the 
spring  he  agaiii  taught  school,  spending  his 
leisure  time  at  work  in  the  office  of  the  auditor. 
While  engaged  as  a  teacher  at  Woodland  he  re- 
ceived the  nomination,  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
for  School  Superintendent,  but  was  defeated, — 
not,  however,  without  reducing  the  liepublican 
majority  from  300  to  149.  After  the  election 
he  received  the  appointment  as  Deputy  County 
Auditor  under  Mr.  Gumm,  and  before  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  of  office  he  had  been  nomi- 
nated on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  the  office  of 
County  Clerk  and  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court. 
In  November  following  his  nomination  he  was 
elected,  and  in  January  succeeded  S.  W.  Bell. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  married  May  18,  1890,  to 
Miss  Nellie  Tits  worth,  who  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin county,  Illinois,  a  daughter  of  A.  Titsworth. 
They  have  one  child,  a  son  named  Charles  E. 
Our  worthy  subject  became  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order  at  Ewing,  Illinois,  joining  Ewing 
Lodge,  No.  705,  the  day  he  was  twenty-one 
years  old.  He  now  affiliates  with  Kalama  Lodge, 
No.  17,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  in  1892  he  represented 
his  lodge  at  the  Grand  Lodge  at  Spokane;  he  is 
also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Kalama  Lodge, 
No.  101,  and  of  Lodge  No.  42,  A.  ().  U.  W. 
He  belongs  to  the  Producers'  Trade  Union  of 
Cooke  county,  Texas,  also  Kalama  Lodge,  No. 
100,  K.  of  P.  He  is  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  principles  of  Democracy,  and  has  repre- 
sented his  party  frequently  in  State  conventions; 
he  is  at  present  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
Central  Committee  of  Cowlitz  county,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  during  the  campaign  of  1892, 
exhibiting  rare  executive  ability.  He  is  very 
popular  throughout  the  county,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  efficient  officers  the  county  has  ever 
had. 


DPt.  J.  C.  HOUSE,  one  of  the  representa- 
tive medical  practitioners  of  Port  Town- 
—  send,  Washington,  a  gentleman  of  culture 
and  a  progressive  citizen,  was  born  in  Frederick 
county,  Maryland,  in  June,  1852.  His  parents, 
David  B.  and  Elizabeth  (Young)  House,  were 
also  natives  of  Maryland,  in  the  early  history 
of  which  State  their  ancestors  played  a  promi- 


^ 


nent  part.  The  father  uf  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  a  wealthy  planter,  engaged  in  the 
cultivation  of  tobacco  and  cereal  plants,  and 
owning  many  slaves.  After  the  war  he  sold 
bis  landed  interests  and  has  since  resided  with 
his  children. 

Dr.  House,  of  this  notice,  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  P'rederick  Univer- 
sity, Maryland.  In  1869  he  engaged  in  the 
study  of  medicine  at  the  Eclectic  Medical  In- 
stitute, of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  at  which  he  grad- 
uated in  1873.  He  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Washington  city.  District  of 
Columbia,  and  after  four  years'  experience  he 
became,  in  1877,  assistant  at  the  Cincinnati 
University  hospital.  In  1880  he  removed  to 
Oxford,  iowa,  where  he  followed  his  profession, 
being  also  associated  with  his  brothers  in  the 
stock  business.  While  there  he  served  two 
years  as  Superintendent  of  Schools  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Territorial  Pepublican  Central 
Committee,  successfully  conducting  the  cam- 
paign and  electing  the  Hon.  F.  T.  Dubois  to 
Congress.  Dr.  House  was  offered  political 
preferment,  but  declined  every  overture  in  this 
line,  preferring  to  follow  his  professional  career. 
In  1887  he  became  physician  and  surgeon  to 
the  Poor  Man  and  Tiger  Mining  Companies, 
at  Burke,  Idaho.  In  August,  1889,  he  returned 
to  Cincinnati  to  take  a  course  at  the  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute,  with  two  hours'  daily  practice 
in  the  hospital.  In  June,  1890,  he  went  to 
New  York  city  for  a  course  at  the  post-graduate 
school,  and  later  came  to  Port  Townsend  for 
settlement.  In  September,  1890,  he  received 
from  the  State  Medical  Board  a  certificate  to 
practice  his  profession,  and  he  at  once  opened 
his  office.  His  success  was  marked  and  rapid. 
In  a  short  time  he  was  appointed  County  Physi- 
cian, which  office  he  held  about  two  years.  He 
also  became  the  physician  and  surgeon  of  the 
Oregon  Improvement  Company,  at  Port  Town- 
send.  He  follows  a  general  practice  in  both 
surgery  and  medicine,  and  by  his  thorough  and 
conscientious  work  has  gained  a  large  patronage. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  Washington,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  in  1878,  to  Miss  Emma  AY. 
Woltz,  a  lady  of  education  and  refinement  of 
that  city,  who  has  cheerfully  shared  his  varied 
fortunes  and  contributed  toward  his  success. 

Fraternally,  he  affiliates  with  the  Port  Town- 
send  blue  lodge  and  chapter  of  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
He  is  Secretary  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  is 
an    active    member    of    the    National     Eclectic 


m 


BISTORT    OF    WASHTNOTON. 


Medical  Society,  and  was  a  luemher  of  the  Ad- 
visory Council  of  the  World's  (Jougress  Auxili- 
ary on  a  Congress  of  Eclectic  Physicians,  which 
convened  in  Chicago  in  May,  1893.  He  pos- 
sesses in  a  marked  degree  tiiose  qualities  which 
contribute  to  advancement,  a  proo;ressive  dispo- 
sition, a  liberal  spirit,  an  active  humanity  and  a 
prevailing  morality,  and  justly  holds  a  high 
position  in  the  regard  of  his  fellow-men. 

— •^^^:&^'^ — 

GILLIAM,  a  member  of  the  Washing- 
ton Bar,  and  a  practicing  attorney  of 
Seattle,  was  born  at  Dallas,  Polk 
county,  Oregon,  in  April,  1859. 
The  name  of  Gilliam  is  contemporaneous 
with  the  early  settlement  of  the  Northwest 
territory.  As  early  as  1844,  Cornelius  Gilliam, 
the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  settled  up  his 
business  affairs  in  Missouri  and  with  ox  teams 
started  westward.  As  Captain,  he  guided  a 
company  of  emigrants  across  the  plains  to  the 
great  ui'i<leveloiied  country  then  called  Oregon. 
After  a  journey  of  six  months"  duration,  they 
entered  the  Willamette  valley,  the  Mecca  of 
their  pilgrimage,  which,  with  its  broad  prairies 
and  abundant  teed,  interlined  with  running 
streams  and  navigable  rivers,  seemed  to  them  a 
land  which  must  eventually  "flow  with  milk 
and  honey."  Mr.  Gilliam  located  on  his  dona- 
tion claim  upon  the  present  site  of  Dallas,  Polk 
county,  and  in  pioneer  style  erected  his  log 
cabin  and  began  tilling  the  soil  preparatory  to 
an  immediate  crop  to  sustain  his  family.  As 
time  ran  on  the  Indian  depredations  became 
more  and  more  startling  until  1847  the  climax 
was  reached  by  the  massacre  of  the  Whitman 
family.  This  aroused  the  pioneers  to  arms.  Mr. 
Gilliam  organized  a  band  ot  volunteers,  and  as 
Colonel  led  the  attack  east  of  the  mountains  in 
the  vicinity  of  Walla  Walla.  While  on  his  re- 
turn to  the  Willamette  valley  for  the  purpose  of 
enlisting  recruits,  Colonel  Gilliam  was  killed 
by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  gun  which  he 
was  removing  from  the  rear  of  his  wagon. 
Gilliam  county  was  named  in  honor  of  him. 

The  parents  of  our  subject,  W.  S.  and  Esther 
(Taylor)  Gilliam,  were  born  in  Missouri  and 
JSew  lork  respectively,  both  emigrating  to 
Oregon  when  children.  Here  they  grew  up  and 
were  married.  W.  S.  Gilliam  remained  on  the 
farm  in  Polk  county  until  1859,  when  he  moved 


to  the  vicinity  ef  AValla  Walla  and  located  on 
a  farm,  increasing  the  same  by  subsequent  pur- 
chase until  he  became  the  owner  of  2,500  acres. 
He  was  an  extensive  stock-raiser  until  the 
country  became  settled.  Then  he  entered  largely 
into  fruit-growing,  having  the  finest  orchard  in 
the  county  and  hauling  his  fruit  by  wagon  forty 
miles  to  Wallula  and  thence  by  river  to  Port- 
laud,  where  he  found  quick  sales  at  lucrative 
prices.  He  retired  from  liis  farm  in  1891,  and 
now  resides  in  Walla  Walla.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  in 
1864  as  Sheriff  of  Walla  AValla  county.  Since 
then  he  has  not  baen  in  active  politics. 

M.  Gilliam  was  reared  to  farm  life.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  the  Pacific 
University  at  Forest  Grove,  Oregon.  In  1882 
he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of 
Senator  John  B.  Allen,  and  in  March,  1883, 
removed  to  Yakima,  where  he  continued  his 
studies  under  the  instruction  of  Edward  AYhit- 
soit,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May,  1884. 
He  commenced  practice  in  Yakima,  in  1886 
removed  to  Ellensbiirg,  and  in  September,  1890, 
came  to  Seattle.  At  the  latter  place  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Judge  W.  Lair  Hill,  one 
of  the  most  able  attorneys  and  jurists  of  the 
State.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  June  1, 
1891,  and  a  new  association  was  formed  withE. 
Coke  Hill,  son  of  Judge  Hill,  under  the  firm 
Gilliam  &  Hill. 

Mr.  Gilliam  was  married  in  Yakima  in  May. 
1889,  to  Veva  Wiswell,  a  native  of  Oregon  and 
a  daughter  of  Oliver  Wiswell,  a  pioneer  of  the 
State,  and  for  many  years  manager  of  the  old 
Orecron  &  California  state  line. 

Mr.  Gilliam  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  He  is  developing  great 
talent  in  the  line  of  his  profession  and  is  found- 
incr  a  satisfactory  and  lucrative  practive. 

JfENRY  M.  LILLIS,  Chief  of  the  Fire 
Department  of  Tacoma,  Washington, 
and  a  well-known  and  respected  citizen, 
was  born  in  Lansing,  Michigan.  Febru- 
ary 14,  1856.  His  parenty,  Patrick  and  Mary 
Lillis,  were  thrifty  and  worthy  people,  enjoying 
the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  them.  When  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  but  three  years  of  age, 
the  family  removed  to  Stillwater,  Minnesota, 
and  three' years  later  went  to  St.  Croix   Falls, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Wisconsin,  where  Heni-y  resided  until  he  was 
tweiity-tvvo  years  of  age.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  comniou  and  iiigh  sciiools  of  Still- 
water, graduating  at  the  latter  in  the  class  of 
1874.  He  then  engaged  in  teaching  in  I'olk 
county,  Wisconsin,  which  occupation  he  tbl 
lowed  for  three  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
lie  went  to  Texas,  where  he  entered  the  building 
and  contracting  business,  which  he  followed 
successfully  in  San  Antonio,  Galveston,  Hous- 
ton, Waco,  and  other  places.  He  went  from 
that  State  to  Nevada,  where  he  was  engaged 
about  six  months  in  hauling  and  handling 
freight  from  Carson  City  to  Candelaria  and 
Bodie,  California.  Next  he  went  to  Oregon, 
and  spent  about  two  years  in  logging  in  various 
parts  of  that  state.  In  the  spring  of  1881,  he 
came  to  Tacoma,  Washington,  where  he  engaged 
in  millwright  work  for  the  Tacoma  Mill  Com- 
pany, which  occupation  he  followed  one  year. 

At  the  end  of  that  time  he  began  teaching 
in  the  First  Ward  school  of  Tacoma,  of  which 
he  was  principal  for  seven  years,  afterward  act- 
ing in  the  same  capacity  in  the  Lowell  school. 
In  1885  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of  the 
Territory,  but  has  never  practiced  his  profession. 
He  has  a  diploma,  dated  March  17,  1889,  and 
holds  a  Territorial  certificate,  dated  March  17, 
1884. 

March  1,  1889,  he  became  Chief  of  the  Fire 
Department,  of  which  office  he  in  the  present 
incumbent,  his  services  in  this  capacity  being 
characterized  by  the  same  promptness  and 
efficiency  which  has  marked  all  his  former  work 
in  whatever  position  he  has  tilled.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  Volunteer  Fire  Department 
on  its  organization  in  1884,  and  was  a  charter 
member  of  the  Eagle  Hose  Company,  No.  2, 
from  its  inception,  August  25,  of  the  same 
year,  of  which  Company  he  was  secretary.  He 
was  elected  Assistant  Chief  of  the  Fire  De- 
peatment  of  Tacoma  in  1886  and  re-elected  to 
to  succeed  himself  in  1887,  eventually  coming 
to  his  present  position,  not  by  favor,  but  as  a 
reward  for  efficient  service  in  his  other  capaci- 
ties. It  was  a  case  of  the  office  seeking  the 
man,  which  in  consequence  is  well  filled,  re- 
flecting alike  credit  on  the  community  and  on 
the  person  who  so  ably  discharges  his  duty. 
This  is  not  the  only  occasion  on  which  his  fel- 
low citizens  have  shown  their  appreciation  of 
his  capabilities  to  fill  a  position  of  trust,  for  he 
represented  the  First  Ward  in  the  City  Council 
for  five  years,  having  been   elected  to  a   three 


years'  term  in  1884,  after  which  he  was  re- 
elected, but  resigned  at  the  end  of  two  years  to 
accept  his  present  office.  In  May,  1888,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion from  the  Twenty-first  District  of  Pierce 
county,  and  serv^ed  on  several  committees.  In 
1886,  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
the  First  Ward  District,  which  office  he  held  for 
two  years. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Lillis  belongs  to  numerous 
societies.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Evergreen 
Lodge,  No.  51,  F.  &  A.  M.;  of  the  K.  of  H.; 
Banner  Lodge,  No.  22;  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Co- 
lumbia Lodge,  No.  98;  of  the  Tacoma  Encamp- 
ment No.  8;  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men, 
Snoqnalmie  Lodge,  No.  5;  Uniform  Rank,  K. 
of  P.,  No.  4;  and  Tacoma  Canton,  No.  4,  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Such  universal  endorsement  of  his  merits  by 
his  fellow  citizens  leaves  but  little  for  his  bi- 
ographer to  advance,  except  to  emphasize  what 
has  been  previously  made  plain,  that  he  owes 
his  success  to  intelligent  activity,  supplemented 
by  honest  and  courageous  perseverance,  which 
brings   all    things  to  those  who  labor  and  wait. 


-^^-&-^ 


J 


M.  LAMMON,  a    resident    of    Olympia 
and    one    of    the    successful   pioneers    of 
AVashington,  was  born  in  Crawford  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  in  1840. 

His  parents,  George  W.  and  Eliza  (Etldy) 
Lammon,  were  natives  of  New  York  and  Maine 
i-espectively.  George  W.  Lammon  was  by  trade 
a  niason,  which  he  followed  in  Crawford  county 
until  1857.  Then,  remo\ing  to  Illinois  for  six 
months,  then  to  Iowa,  he  continued  work  at  his 
trade  in  connection  with  farming  and  mei-chan- 
dising  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

J.  M.  Lammon  remained  with  his  jiarents 
until  the  spring  of  1853,  when  he  joined  the 
family  of  his  uncle,  John  E.  Lammon,  and 
with  them  crossed  the  plains  and  mountains  to 
Washington.  Their  journey  was  one  of  exceed- 
ing hardship,  which  was  increased  by  Mor- 
mon depredation  instead  of  difficulty  with  the 
Indians.  With  supplies  exhausted,  they  event- 
ually landed  in  Yakima  county,  and  there  bar- 
gained their  teams  with  the  settlers  for  safe 
transportation  across  the  mountains;  but,  after 
a  few  days    of   travel,    they    were    left    in   the 


^08 


niSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


mountains  without  teams,  blauliets  or  supplies, 
and,  except  for  the  kind  attention  of  the  Yaki- 
ma Indians  who  furnished  them  with  fish  and 
potatoes  and  with  tiieir  Indian  ponies  brought 
them  through  to  Fort  Steilacoom,  the  family 
must  have  perished  from  starvation.  At  the 
fort  they  found  occupation  sufficient  to  procure 
food,  and  subsequently  went  to  Douglas  county, 
Oregon,  where  Mr.  Lammontook  up  a  donation 


claim  and  engaged  in  farmi 


He  remained  with  his  uncle  about  eighteen 
months.  Then  he  joined  a  party  of  campers  and 
returned  to  the  States,  joining  his  father's 
family  in  Iowa  and  remaining  with  them  until 
the  spring  of  1857.  At  time  he  engaged  with 
Majors  Russell  and  Waddells  to  drive  a  freight 
wagon  from  Kansas  City  to  Salt  Lake,  and  re- 
turn. In  tlie  spring  of  1858,  for  the  same 
firm,  he  drove  from  Nebraska  City  to  Salt  Lake, 
where  sixty  of  the  teamster  employees  organ- 
ized a  company,  purchased  one  wagon  and  four 
horses  to  carry  supplies,  and  started  for  Cali- 
fornia. At  Honey  Lake  valley,  Nevada,  the 
company  broke  up  and  divided  their  effects,  and 
Mr.  Lammon  and  a  few  friends  proceeded  to 
Nevada  City,  California,  where  he  worked  at 
mining  about  one  year.  Then  the  dull  times 
came  on  and  he  wandered  through  the  Sacra- 
mento valley,  exhausted  his  funds  while  seeking 
work,  and  arrived  in  Sacramento  "  dead  broke." 
He  then  traveled  north  to  Siskiyou  county, 
making  the  distance  of  350  miles  on  foot,  se- 
curing sufficient  work  by  the  way  to  provide 
himself  with  food.  In  Siskiyou  he  mined  and 
followed  ranching  up  to  1864,  when  he  visited 
his  uncle  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon.  Six 
months  later  he  hired  to  Hutchison  and  Bar- 
deau  to  drive  a  band  of  cattle  to  Fort  Steila- 
coom, and  from  there  went  to  Victoria,  British 
Columbia,  where  he  engaged  in  the  butchering 
business  for  two  years,  until  the  mining  excite- 
ment in  the  Big  Bend  of  the  Columbia.  Then, 
with  the  enthusiasm  of  the  old  miner,  he  shoul- 
dered his  pack  and  started  for  that  country, 
which  proved  a  fruitless  expedition.  He  next 
went  up  the  Fraser  river  to  Cariboo,  and  mined 
and  butchered  with  good  success,  but  the  cold 
winters  drove  him  back  to  the  coast. 

Mr.  Lammon  came  to  Olympia  in  x\ugust, 
1869.  After  a  few  years  with  Sam  Coulter  and 
the  Grangers'  Market,  he  started  in  business 
for  liiiiiself.  which  he  continued  until  1884. 
That  year  he  sold  out,  and,  with  the  pioneer  ex- 
cursion, visited  his  friends  in  the  East.  Keturn- 


the 


ing  to  Washington,  he  engaged  in  cue  real 
estate  business,  which  he  has  continued  to  fol- 
low, owning  large  property  interests  in  the  city 
of  Olympia,  and  about  800  acres  of  rancli  prop- 
erty in  outlying  districts. 

He  was  married  in  Olympia,  in  1872,  to  Miss 
Mary  Lequa,  of  French  descent.  They  have  had 
three  children,  as  follows:  Amanda,  Mary  and 
Stephen  J.,  the  last  named  being  deceased. 

Mr.  Lammon  has  served  two  terms  on  the 
City  Council.  He  is  an  ardent  Republican,  and 
one  of  the  highly  respected  citizens  of  Olympia. 


^•^4C4 


USTAV  BRESEMANN,  of  the   firm    of 
!■   Bresemann  &  Klee,  furniture  manufactur- 
ers   and  dealers,    Taconia,  was    born    in 


^  Prussia,  Germany,  in  the  village  of  Lu- 
dershagen,  near  the  city  of  Stralsund,  March  20, 
1845,  a  son  of  Emanuel  and  Mary  (Yierke) 
Bresemann. 

He  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
learned  bis  trade  of  furniture-maker  in  the  city 
of  Stralsund,  and  having  mastered  it  sufficiently 
he  traveled  throughout  Germany.  In  1865  he 
entered  the  Prussian  army,  in  the  Forty-second 
Infantry,  and  was  stationed  at  Swinenuinde.  In 
the  spring  of  1866  war  broke  out  between 
Prussia,  and  Austria  and  the  Southern  German 
States,  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Gitchin,  June  29,  and  July  3,  in 
the  battle  of  Sadowa,  Bohemia. 

In  1867  he  left  the  army  and  worked  at  his 
trade  for  two  years,  when  in  1869  lie  decided  to 
try  his  fortunes  in  America.  For  the  first  year 
after  his  arrival  here  he  was  engaged  in  tlie 
furniture  business  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  In 
1870  he  came  to  Puget  Sound  and  located  at 
Steilacoom  and  was  employed  in  carpenter  work 
until  1872,  wdien  he  rented  the  "  Davis  place" 
at  the  head  of  Lake  Steilacoom,  and  began  mak- 
ing furniture  in  partnership  with  August 
Burow.  After  two  years  they  rented  '-Byrd's 
flour  mill "  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Steilacoom, 
put  in  machinery  and  began  the  manufacture  of 
furniture.  They  ran  the  factory  there  only 
about  a  year,  when  Mr.  Bresemann  took  up  a 
claim  near  Spanaway  lake  and  built  a  shop  and 
made  furniture  by  water  power,  still  in  partner- 
ship with  August  Burow,  finding  a  market  in 
Steilacoom,  Olympia  and  Tacoma.  In  1882  they 


HISTOBT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


abandoned  the  furniture  business  and  built  a 
sawmill  at  the  same  place,  which  they  ran  for 
six  yeartJ,  when  Mr.  Bresemann  sold  his  place 
to  the  Tac'oina  Light  and  Water  Company.  In 
1889  he  located  in  Tacoma,  then  again  going 
into  the  furniture  business,  with  Mr.  Klee,  in 
which  he  is  still  engaged. 

Mr.  Bresemann  was  married  January  9,  1877, 
to  Miss  Bertha  Vogel,  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  and 
they  have  five  children,  viz:  Gertrude,  Paul, 
Emanuel,  Bertha  and  Gustav. 

Mr.  Bresemann  is  a  member  of  the  CTcrmania 
Society  and  also  of  Lodge  Chiller  Hein,  No. 
1,  ot  the  Order  of  Druids,  the  Urstof  its  kind 
in  the  State  of  Washington. 


dloSEPH  R.  DICKENSON  is  a  native  of 
Virgitiia,  and  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
—  September  17,  1828,  his  parents  being 
Robert  N.  and  Cynthia  A.  (Rives)  Dickenson, 
l}oth  of  whom  were  direct  descendants  of  old 
families,  the  father  being  of  English  origin,  the 
mother  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  French  Hugue- 
nots. His  father  was  a  surveyor,  and  afterward 
County  Clerk  of  Franklin  county,  where  Joseph 
R.  was  born  and  wheie  he  lived  until  eight 
years  old.  In  1837  the  family  removed  to  Ed- 
gar county,  Illinois,  and  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  in  that  section.  His  father  was  for  many 
years  Clerk  of  Edgar  county,  and  held  that 
office  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  August,  1851.  His  mother  also  died  there, 
in  1879.  His  father  was  an  old-line  Whig,  and 
at  each  election  defeated  his  Democratic  oppo- 
nent. 

Mr.  Dickenson  was  educated  in  Edgar  county, 
and  attended  the  Methodist  Academy,  of  Paris, 
conducted  by  Jesse  H.  Moore,  who  afterward 
was  made  Minister  to  Chili,  and  died  there  of 
yellow  fever.  On  the  death  of  his  father  he 
became  administrator  of  his  estate  and  took 
charge  of  the  farm.  In  1861  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia by  way  of  Panama,  and  remained  there 
ten  years,  most  of  the  time  living  at  Kiught's 
Landing.  In  1871  he  reached  Oregon  and 
stopped  at  Portland,  and  after  a  little  while 
went  on  to  Puyalhip  valley.  He  moved  to 
Salem,  Oregon,  in  1886,  having  previously  pur- 
chased the  old  Delaney  ranch. 

Mrs.  Dickenson  was  a  Miss  Shelby,  born  in 
Indiana,  her  father  being  Judge  Rezin  Shelby, 


of  Indiana.  Her  mother,  Jane  (Thompson) 
Shelby,  was  born  near  Gettysburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Mrs.  Dickenson  died  September  6, 1883, 
leaving  seven  children:  Joseph  R.,  Charles  F., 
Virginia  V.,  Lizzie  B.,  Rose  J.,  Mae  F.  and 
Rezin  Shelby;  one  child,  William  S.,  died  in 
California,  aged  two  years. 

Mr.  Dickenson  has  been  a  Republican  since 
the  inception  of  the  party,  and  voted  for  John 
0.  Fremont.  He  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  General  Wintield  Scott,  in  Edgar  county. 


PjHILIP  D.  NORTHCRAFT,  an  old  set- 
tler of  Washington  and  an  extensive 
landowner  and  farmer  of  the  State,  re- 
siding near  Bucoda,  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  Virginia,  February  4,  1825.  His  par- 
ents, H.  and  Susan  (Woodward)  Northcraft, 
were  for  many  years  residents  of  Montgomery 
county,  Maryland,  where  his  father  was  a 
farmer.  When  Philip  was  about  eight  years  of 
age  his  mother  died,  and  his  father  afterward 
removed  with  the  children  to  Virginia.  Tliere 
were  eight  children  in  the  family,  of  whom 
only  two  survive,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and 
a  brother. 

As  soon  as  Philip  was  old  I'lKingli  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  learn  the  carpcutt-rV  trade,  which 
he  followed  for  awhile  in  the  East.  When 
twenty  years  of  age,  however,  he  resolved  to 
join  the  general  westward-bound  movement  of 
emigration,  and  accordingly  in  1845  he  left  the 
State  of  his  birth  and  came  as  far  west  as  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  where  he  secured  work  at  his 
trade  and  remained  there  about  four  years.  In 
the  meantime  he  heard  more  favorable  reports 
from  the  extreme  West,  and  in  1849,  at  the 
height  of  the  gold  excitement  in  California,  he 
started  for  that  El  Dorado.  Leaving  St.  Louis 
by  boat,  he  proceeded  down  the  Mississippi 
river  to  New  Orleans  and  thence  across  the  gulf 
to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  across  which  he 
walked,  about  thirty  miles.  Arriving  on  tlie 
western  coast,  he  took  a  sailing  vessel  for  San 
Francisco,  at  which  place  he  arrived  after  a 
stormy  voyage  from  the  isthmus  of  116  <lays. 
He  soon  afterward  started  for  the  mining  dis- 
tricts and  prospected  and  mined  in  several  im- 
portant mineral  centers  throughout  California, 
and  also  worked  at  his  trade  part  of  the  time. 
He  then  returned  to  San  Francisco,  and  in  the 


BISTORT    OF    WAmiNOTON. 


winter  of  1850  set  sail  for  Portland,  Oregou. 
Here  he  made  his  home  and  worked  at  his  trade 
until  1852,  at  which  time  he  started  for  the 
Sound  country,  crossing  the  Columbia  river  and 
thence  overland  to  the  present  site  of  Chehalis. 
He  remained  at  that  point  during  the  winter, 
and  in  the  spring  proceeded  to  Thurston  county, 
where  he  settled  on  a  claim  of  320  acres  situated 
a  mile  and  a  half  from  Bucoda.  His  brother, 
who  accompanied  him,  and  was  in  185G  killed 
by  Indians,  took  320  acres  adjoining,  which  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  afterward  purchased,  and 
at  present  owns  both  tracts,  150  acres  of  which 
is  under  cultivation  and  devoted  to  general 
farming,  while  much  more  is  devoted  to  grazing 
and  the  production  of  hay. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Indian  war,  in  1855, 
Mr.  Northcraft,  who  had  remained  on  his  farm 
up  to  this  time,  left  his  claim  and  joined  Com- 
pany F,  of  the  Oregon  Volunteers,  under  the 
command  of  Captain  B.  F.  Henness  and  First 
Lieutenant  E.  N.  Sargent,  and  served  efficiently 
for  three  months.  He  then  returned  to  his 
claim,  where  he  remained  until  1861',  when  he 
rented  his  farm  and  made  an  extensive  Eastern 
trip  throughout  the  Middle  and  Southern  States, 
being  absent  from  home  three  years.  On  his 
return  he  took  up  his  residence  on  his  farm  and 
engaged,  in  connection  with  his  usual  agricult- 
ural pursuits,  in  the  raising  of  stock  and  in 
fruit  culture,  all  of  which  he  has  since  followed 
with  uniform  success,  not  only  proving  his  abil- 
ity as  a  farmer,  stock-raiser  and  fruit-grower, 
but  also  clearly  showing  the  possibilities  of  the 
climate  and  soil  of  Washington.  With  such 
enterprising  citizens  it  is  not  surprising  that 
Washington  should  take  a  proud  stand  among 
her  sister  States,  all  of  which  owe  their  promi- 
nence to  just  such  energy  and  determination  of 
spirit. 

July  15,  1891,  Mr  Xorthcraft  was  married 
to  Charlotte  Schulz,  an  educated  German  lady, 
daughter  of  Fred  and  Sophia  (Schroder)  Schulz, 
all  of  Germany.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noithcraft  have 
one  son,  Philip  Northcraft,  Jr. 


f^frs 


^4€^ 


jILLIAM  A.  EADON,  identified  with 
the  interests  of  Lewis  county,  Wash- 
ington, since  1864,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington county,  Arkansas,  where  he  spent  the 
first  three  years  of  his  life.     He  was  then  taken 


by  his  parents  to  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  at 
which  place  he  lived  until  he  was  sixteen.  He 
then  went  to  Parker  county,  Texas,  two  years 
later  returned  to  Benton  county,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  Christian  county,  Illinois. 
He  continued  in  Illinois  until  1864,  the  date  of 
his  removal  to  AVashington.  His  first  stop  in 
Washington  was  at  Centralia,  Lewis  county,  and 
so  well  pleased  was  he  at  that  time  with  this 
part  of  the  country  that  he  decided  to  locate 
here  permanently,  and  his  first  impressions  in 
regard  to  the  county  have  never  since  been 
changed.  Mrs.  Eadon's  maiden  name  was  Miss 
Aired.  She  and  Mr.  Eadon  were  married  in 
1872.  and  they  have  one  daughter,  Elizabeth, 
who  is  now  Mrs.  Brownlaw  Arrington. 


ES.    IIAMLEN,   Secretary  and    Treasurer 
of  the  Puget  Sound    Pipe   Company,   lo- 
1  cated  at  Olympia,  was  born  in    Gorham, 

Maine,  May  25,  1850.  His  parents,  Francis  A. 
and  Fannie  H.  (Blake)  Hamlen,  were  natives  of 
the  same  locality,  their  ancestors  having  settled 
in  Maine  among  the  pioneers  of  the  State.  Ja- 
cob Hamlin,  the  grandfather  of  our  sobject, 
was  captain  of  military  forces  stationed  at  Fort 
Hill  during  the  early  Indian  troubles.  Francis 
A.  Hamlin  was  a  cooper  and  lumberman,  act- 
ively engaged  in  l)usiness  until  1874,  since 
which  time  he  has  lived  retired  at  Gorham. 

E.  S.  Hamlin  removed  to  Portland,  Maine, 
with  his  parents  in  1864.  After  completing 
his  common-school  education  he  took  a  coarse 
at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial  College, 
graduating  in  1866.  He  was  then  employed 
for  two  years  in  the  freight  department  of  the 
Portland,  Saco  »fe  Portsmouth  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  in  1868  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  father  in  the  cooperage  and  lumber  business 
at  Portland,  under  the  name  of  F.  A.  Hamlen  & 
Son.  Six  years  later  he  succeeded  to  the  busi- 
ness, which  he  conducted  on  an  extensive  scale, 
shipping  vast  quantities  of  hoops,  staves  and 
general  cooperage  to  the  AYest  Indies  for  the 
sugar  trade.  He  continued  exporting  until  the 
tariff  was  removed  from  sugar,  and  retired  from 
the  business  in  1889.  That  year  he  came  to 
tiie  Puget  Sound  district,  looking  for  a  place  to  - 
make  investment,  and,  becoming  attracted  by 
the  future  prospects  of  the  Puget  Sound  Pipe 
Company,     purchased     an     interest    and     was 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


elected  to  the  above  named  offices.  The  other 
officers  of  the  company  are  John  Corkish,  of 
Tortland,  president,  and  C.  Z.  Mason,  vice- 
president  and  manager.  Under  the  able  man- 
agement of  tiiese  gentlemen,  the  company  has 
made  rapid  progress  in  development,  and  exten- 
sion of  business,  necessitating  increased  facili- 
ties for  manufacture. 

Associated  with  John  Cori<isii  and  Joesph 
Nesbitt  of  Goldendale,  Mr.  Ilamien  incorpor- 
ated the  Goldendale  Milling  Company,  Novem- 
ber 10,  1890,  for  the  manufacture  of  flour  and 
feed,  with  a  capacity  of  100  barrels  per  day, 
their  product  finding  a  ready  market  in  the 
surrounding  country  and  at  Portland. 

In  May,  1892,  he  organized  and  incorporated 
the  Chehalis  Water  Company,  of  Chehalis,  and 
was  elected  treasurer  of  the  company.  The 
source  of  supply  is  the  Xewaukum  river,  the 
water  being  carried  by  flume  a  distance  of 
seven  and  a  half  miles  and  then  pumped  into 
reservoirs  for  city  purposes.  The  flume  is  also 
utilized  for  flooding  lumber  down  to  the  city. 
Tile  company  holds  a  contract  with  tlie  city  of 
Chehalis,  covering  a  period  of  thirty  years,  to 
furni.sh  water  for  all  city  purposes. 

Mr.  Hamlen  is  the  proud  possessor  of  a 
highly  imj)r.oved  farm  near  Portland,  Maine, 
stocked  with  Jersey  cattle  and  a  choice  strain  of 
liorses.  He  is  also  engaged  in  mining  in 
Colorado,  and  banking  in  Olympia. 

fie  was  married  at  Harrison,  Maine,  in  De- 
cember, 1871,  to  Miss  Mary  P.  Foster,  a  native 
of  that  State  and  a  descendant  of  pioneers.  Mr. 
Hamlen  is  a  member  of  no  societies.  He  gives 
the  best  of  his  time  and  energies  to  business, 
in  return  for  which  he  has  received  a  generous 
flnancial  reward. 

~—^m^^ — 

]V/[|  RS.  NANCr    MEEKER   was  born  in 
I\r1     Mercer  county,    Pennsylvania,   August 
I       li    1,  1825,  her  maiden  name  being  North. 
■fj  T.  North,  her  father,  was  born  in  1794, 

and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Pennsylvania. 
She  lived  in  Mercer  county  until  after  her  mar- 
riage to  Mr.  D.  Burr,  with  whom  she  moved  to 
Ohio  and  subsequently  to  Wisconsin.  In 
April,  1854,  they  started  across  the  plains  for 
the  far  West,  but  Mr.  Burr  was  doomed  never 
to  reach  his  destination.  He  died  and  was 
buried  at  Fort  Laramie.  The  widow,  with  a  sad 


heart,  continued  on  with  the  train,  and  after  a 
journey  of  six  months  finally  reached  Pierce 
county,  Washington.  The  following  year  she 
became  the  wife  of  J.  R.  Meeker.  The  Indian 
war  coming  on,  the  settlers  in  Pierce  county 
were  compelled  to  seek  refuge  at  Fort  Steila- 
coom  in  soldier's  garrison,  and  from  that  place 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meeker  went  to  Steilacoom  plains, 
settling  on  a  claim  of  320  acres.  There  they 
lived  until  1868,  when  they  preempted  160 
acres  in  Puyallup  valley,  where  Mrs.  Meeker  is 
still  living,  slie  having  managed  the  farm  since 
■the  death  of  her  husband  in  1869.  She  has  150 
acres  in  liops  and  hay  and  has  lier  farm  well 
stocked.  Her  ten  children  are  all  married  and 
settled  in  life. 


JAMES  C.  SAUiNDERS,  cashier  of  the 
Commercial  Bank  of  Port  Townsend,  was 
born  in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  December 
31,  1854,  a  son  of  Roife  S.  and  Mary  Eliza 
(Anderson)  Saundei's,  natives  also  of  that  State. 
His  father  has  devoted  his  life  to  literature,  was 
for  a  number  of  years  associated  with  the  Mem- 
phis Bulletin,  the  Appeal  and  the  Commercial, 
and  is  now  editor  of  the  National  Democrat,  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

James  C.  Saunders  received  his  education  at 
the  University  of  Tennessee.  He  then  spent 
three  years  on  his  father's  farm  in  east  Tennes- 
see, and  in  1875  removed  to  Washington,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  as  private  secretary  for 
Cayse  Young,  a  member  of  Congress  from  that 
State.  He  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1880, 
then  established  the  Daily  Herald  at  Fort 
Smith,  Arkansas,  which  he  conducted  three 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Washington  city,  to 
accept  the  position  of  Clerk  of  Committee  on 
Commerce  of  the  Iltiuse  of  Representatives, 
holding  that  office  until  March,  1885.  During 
the  campaign  of  1884,  Mr.  Saunders  was  stenog- 
rapher at  the  Democratic  National  Committee 
headquarters  at  New  York  city.  Soon  after 
the  inauguration  of  President  Cleveland,  in 
March,  1885,  he  was  appointed  Executive 
Clerk  to  the  President,  and  in  December,  1888, 
received  the  appointment  of  Indian  Inspector. 
He  came  to  the  Territory  of  Washington,  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  that  otiice  until  March 
4,  1889.  He  then  engaged  in  the  real-estate 
business  in  Port  Townsend,  was  one  of  the  in- 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


corporators  oi'  the  Goiniiiercial  Bank  of  Port 
Townsend  in  March,  1890,  becaire  its  first  vice- 
president,  and  in  June,  1891,  accepted  the  po- 
sition of  cashier,  which  office  he  has  since  con- 
tinned  to  fill.  Mr.  Sannders  was  also  one  of 
the  incorporators  of  the  Puget  Sound  National 
Savings  &  Loan  Association  in  1891,  and  has 
since  served  as  its  president.  After  a  success- 
ful career  in  Port  Townsend  the  institution  was 
removed  to  Portland,  as  a  greater  financial  cen- 
ter. He  also  owns  valuable  unimproved  resi- 
dence Hnd  business  property  in  the  city. 

Mr.  Saunders  was  married  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark- 
ansas, in  1882,  to  Miss  Alice  E.  Sample,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  W.  A.  Sample,  a  minister  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  that  city.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union:  Minnie  E.,  Will- 
iam Sample  and  Lament.  In  his  social  rela- 
tions, Mr.  Saunders  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A. 
M.,  and  politically,  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  City  Council,  and  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Customs  for  the  Pu£;et  Sound  dis- 
trict. May  23, 1893. 

^"^^ 

I  ETHUR  N.  MILLER,  of  Puyallup, 
l\  was  born  in  Monntrath,  Queen's  county, 
\^  Ireland,  May  22,  1831.  His  parents 
were  William  Henry  and  Mary  (Huston) 
Miller.  His  forefathers,  whose  name  was  Mul- 
ler,  emigrated  from  Holland  to  England.  His 
mother's  ancestry  were  Quakers  from  Nor- 
mandy. 

In  1840  his  parents  came  to  the  United  States 
and  located  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  where  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  brought  up  and  re- 
ceived his  education.  When  about  twenty-one 
years  old  he  went  to  sea,  where  he  remained  for 
nearly  ten  years,  during  which  time  he  touched 
almost  every  port  of  entry  known  to  sailing 
vessels.  He  arrived  at  Port  Townsend  on  July 
28,  1860,  and  August  5  reached  Steilacoom. 
Here  he  joined  his  brother  George  (who  came 
out  fn  1856)  and  with  him  proceeded  to  Puyal- 
lup valley,  arriving  at  that  place  September  27, 
1860,  and  took  up  a  squatter's  claim  on  section 
27,  township  20,  range  4  east.  Here  he  re- 
mained, but  after  a  year  his  brother  went  to 
Oregon.  In  the  spring  of  1862,  Mr.  Miller,  of 
this  sketch,  went  to  the  Cariboo  mines  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  l)ut  the  trip  was  not  profitable 
and  he  returned  to  Puyallup  seven  mouths  after- 


ward, with  only  35  ceiils  in  his  pockcl,  although 
he  and  his  partner  took  $1,400 away  with  them. 
In  1868,  Mr.  Miller  went  down  on  the  river 
and  ran  a  ferry  and  started  a  store,  but  a  freshet 
came  and  washed  it  all  away. 

He  then  went  to  Oregon,  April,  1869,  and 
later  secured  work  at  Oregon  City,  which  lasted 
until  1872,  when  he  returned  to  Puyallup  and 
immediately  set  to  work  clearing  up  his  land 
there  and  building  a  house.  Here  he  remained 
until  the  death  of  his  wife.  He  was  married 
September  8,  1878,  by  the  Rev.  George  F. 
Whitworth,  to  Miss  Alice  Alma  Steventon,  a 
native  of  Brentwood,  England.  They  have  four 
children,  viz.:  Edith,  George  Steventon, 
Elizabeth  Mary,  deceased,  Margaret  E.,  and 
Arthur  Everett". 

Mrs.  Miller  died  March  9,  1890,  of  la  grippe, 
and  was  buried  in  the  Tacoma  Cemetery.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Puyallup.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  meral)er 
of  Corinthian  Lodge,  No.  38,  Free  and  Accept- 
ed Masons.  He  was  made  a  Mason  in  Steil- 
acoom Lodge,  No.  2,  in  1867.  He  has  filled  all 
the  offices  of  the  lodge  except  that  of  Secretary. 
He  was  a  Republican  and  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  Union  League.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Puyallup. 


-^^ 


^•.^- 


JOIIN  G.  JANICKE,  attorney  at  law  and 
a  farmer  of  King  county,  was  born  in  a 
town  near  Leipsic,  Prussia,  January  18, 
1827,  a  son  of  John  G.  and  Christina  (Boehme) 
Janicke.  In  1849  our  subject  landed  in  New 
York,  shortly  afterward  went  to  St.  Louis,  in 
1851  to  Chicago  and  one  year  later  returned  to 
St.  Louis;  in  1855  went  to  Joliet,  Illinois,  and 
in  1857  to  Minnesota.  • 

While  in  the  latter  State  he  organized  the 
First  Minnesota  Cavalry,  of  German  volunteers, 
for  the  last  war.  They  were  mustered  in  Sep- 
temljer  16,  1861,  and  soon  ordered  to  Camp 
Benton,  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where  they  joined 
the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Cavalry,  command- 
ed by  Colonel  W.  W.  Lowe.  In  this  regiment 
the  company  was  designated  as  Company  G,  of 
which  Mr.  Janicke  was  elected  First  Sergeant. 
Later  the  company  was  known  as  Company  A, 
in  Brackett's  Minnesota  battalion.  They  served 
under  General  Sully  during  the  Indian  war  in 
Minnesota,    and    were    mustered   out   in    May, 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


1866.  Ml-.  Janicke  then  served  as  recruiting 
officer  for  a  time.  September  17,  1864,  he  was 
appoJDted  Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  G, 
Fourth  Regiment  of  Minnesota  Infantry,  and 
afterward,  for  meritorious  conduct,  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant,  com- 
manding Company  G.  During  tlie  war  he  par- 
ticipated in  the  ll:lttk'^  of  I'uit  Munclsun.  Paris. 
Dresden,  Clarksvill.-,  Allat.M.nu  I 'a!->.  October 
5,  1864,  and  vva>  with  SIktiikhi  on  the  grand 
march  to  the  sea.  Dui'ing  tiiis  campaign  his 
i-egiment  was  attached  to  tlie  Second  Brigade, 
Tliird  Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  and  they 
marched  and  formed  tlie  center  of  General 
Sherman's  army.  In  this  movement  Mi-.  Janicke 
was  a  participant  in  all  the  battles  and  skir- 
mishes of  his  company,  including  the  live  days' 
siege  of  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  the  battle  of 
Bentonville,  JSTorth  Carolina.  In  April,  1865, 
while  be  was  with  his  command  at  Raleigh, 
North  Carolina,  he  received  from  General  O.  O. 
Howard  a  special  commission,  as  a  Provost  Pa- 
trol officer. 

After  the  close  of  hostilities,  Mr.  Janicke 
went  to  St.  J^aul,  wlierc  he  conducted  a  garden 
tari'n  until  in  May,  1^71,  after  which  he  came 
to  Seattle.  In  June,  1871.  lie  located  on  his 
present  farm,  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Fall 
City,  his  being  the  first  white  family  in  that  im- 
mediate Lection.  At  the  hrst  general  election 
in  King  county,  and  while  AVashiiigton  was  a 
Territory,  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  Fall  City  and  Toll  precincts;  he  qualified 
only  for  the  latter  precinct,  however,  and  two 
years  later  was  re-elected  to  the  same  office,  for 
Tolt,  but  does  not  hold  the  office  now. 

lie  was  married,  in  the  fall  of  1863,  to  Eliza- 
beth Olson,  and  their  children  are:  Charles  F., 
who  is  residing  on  his  farm  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  Fall  City;  Christina,  who  died,  aged  nine- 
teen years;  George,  who  died  at  the  same  age; 
Rachel,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eleven  years; 
and  Minnie,  who  lives  with  her  parents  on  the 
old  homestead. 


Y  A\  IjILLIAM  HUNTINGTON,  one  of  the 
y//V/  first  settlers  of  Cowlitz  county,  VVash- 
"1  "1     ington,    was     born    in   New    York    in 

1816.     In  1819  he  was  taken   by  his  parents  to 

North  Bend,  Ohio,  where  they  lived  until  1825. 

That  year  they   moved   to  Fayette  county,  In- 


diana, two  years  later  to  Shelby  county,  same 
State,  and  in  1832  back  to  Fayette  county 
again.  William  Iluntiiigton  was  employed  in 
a  tannery  until  1836.  That  year  he  went  to 
Delaware  county,  Indiana,  where,  in  1839,  he 
was  married.  In  1841  he  moved  to  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant, Iowa,  and  after  five  years'  residence  at  that 
place  he  returiieii  to  Indiana,  this  time  settling 
in  Brown  county.  He  was  engaged  in  the  tan- 
ning business  until    1850. 

When  news  of  the  gold  discovery  in  Califor- 
nia spread  like  wild-tire  over  the  country,  Mr. 
Huntington  was  one  of  the  first  to  become  en- 
thusiastic with  the  Western  spirit,  and  he 
started  across  the  plains  for  the  new  El  Dorado. 
Arrived  at  "  Hangtown  "  he  engaged  in  mining 
there  one  year.  He  returned  East  in  1852,  but 
came  again  to  this  coast  the  same  year,  bringing 
with  him  somewhat  over  §11,000.  He  was 
accompanied  by  his  three  brothers,  James,  Ben- 
jamin and  Jacob,  and  their  families,  the  first 
having  three  sons  and  one  daughter,  who  were 
married,  making  in  all  eight  fminlies  thus 
closely  related  and  making  one  train.  The 
journey  was  made  from  St.  Joseph,  Missouri, 
with  ox  teams,  and  consumed  all  tlio  time  from 
May  21  to  October  25.  At  the  last  date  the 
company  reached  the  Dalles  of  Columbia,  where 
the  wagons  and  teams  were  left  for  the  winter, 
the  stock  to  be  herded  on  the  range  while  the 
families  were  brought  in  row  boats  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Cowlitz  river.  Mr.  Huntington  had 
187  head  of  cattle  at  the  time  he  crossed  the 
Missouri  river,  but  owing  to  the  extreme  sever- 
ity of  the  winter  he  lost  all  except  one  three- 
year  old  heifer.  He  also  had  five  fine  brood 
mares  and  a  stallion,  of  tine  stock:  not  one  of 
these,  however,  survived  the  rigors  of  the  '-hard 
winter  of  '52,"  as  it  is  yet  termed  by  the  old 
settlers  of  this  country. 

In  the  spring  of  1854  he  took  a  donation 
land  claim  and  built  a  log  hout^e  upon  in  and 
commenced  clearing  land  for  a  home,  he  having 
at  that  time  a  wife  and  four  children,  and  with- 
out any  means  except  the  strength  and  labor  of 
his  hands,  backed  by  a  strong  and  unyielding 
conildence  in  that  benificent  Providence  that 
never  fails  to  help  those  who  help  themselves. 
His  only  thoroughfare  to  and  from  his  home 
for  a  distance  of  twelve  miles  was  a  rapid  and 
dangerous  river  or  a  rough,  narrow  Indian  trail 
through  the  thick  forest.  Since  then  he  has 
lived  upon  that  place,  leaving  it  only  at  inter- 
vals for  the  purpose  of  school  privileges,  which 


UlsroUY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  could  not  have  at  his  own  place  for  lack  of 
scholars  to  support  a  district  school. 

He  was  elected  County  Commissioner  in 
1854  and  served  one  year;  was  elected  Repre- 
sentative of  his  county  in  1856,  and  at  the  ses- 
sion of  the  Territorial  Legislature  that  year  he 
made  the  tirst  Eepublicaii  speech  ever  made  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  Territory,  there  being  but 
four  of  the  thirty  members  composing  that 
body  who  claimed  to  be  Republicans.  In  1861 
be  was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the 
Territory  of  Washington  by  President  Lincoln, 
and  the  tirst  of  December  of  that  year,  qualified 
and  took  charge  of  the  office.  Lie  served  in 
that  capacity  during  tiie  entire  time  of  Mr. 
Lincoln's  presidency,  and  was  re-appointed  by 
President  Johnson  and   served  a   second  term. 

While  many  men  in  office  have  been  accused, 
and  some  rightfully,  too,  of  swindling  the  Gov- 
ernment out  of  large  sums  of  money,  Mr.  Hunt- 
ington, in  the  seven  years  and  a  half  he  was  iti 
the  service  of  the  United  States  Goveriunent, 
never  spent  but  one  dollar,  except  to  defray 
actual  expenses.  Nor  is  this  all:  his  pay  was 
all  in  legal  tender  notes,  and  much  of  the  ti/ne 
it  was  at  a  discount,  going  down  to  40  cents  on 
the  dollar  in  coin,  so  that  his  pay,  none  too 
great  had  he  received  par  value  for  his  paper 
money,  became  very  small,  in  fact  not  more 
than  half  of  what  he  should  have  received  for 
the  services  he  rendered.  He  now  claims  that 
in  accepting  that  appointment  he  made  the 
greatest  mistake  of  his  life.  At  the  time  he 
gave  up  the  office  of  LTnited  States  Marshal  he 
had  legal  demands  against  the  Government  to 
the  amount  of  $1,264,  which  was  unpaid  and 
remained  due  him  until  1886,  when  Senator 
Dolph,  of  Oregon,  interested  himself  in  the 
matter  and  urged  Mr.  Huntington's  claim  be- 
fore the  department  at  Washington  until  tardy 
justice  was  at  last  rendered  and  he  received  his 
pay.  In  1870  he  was  called  upon  by  his  fellow 
citizens  to  represent  his  county  in  the  Territor- 
ial Council,  and  served  during  the  session  of 
1871.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  Postmaster 
at  Castle  Rock,  and  held  that  office  just  fifteen 
years;  but  he  has  taken  no  active  part  in  poli- 
tics since  the  close  of  his  last  terfn  in  the  Leg- 
islature, choosing  to  live  in  the  quietude  of 
home  and  in  the  discharge  of  social  and  do- 
mestic duties. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Huntington  embraced  the 
principles  of  Christianity,  and  has  been  since 
1844  identified  with  the  Gospel  ministry  of  the 


Christian  or  Disciples'  Church,  never,  however, 
having  preached  for  a  salary  or  for  pay,  but  has 
volunteered  his  services  as  occasion  required, 
freely  giving  his  time  to  the  service  of  the 
Church  and  often  paying  liberal  sums  to  others 
for  preaching,  and  in.  assisting  his  brethren 
who  were  identified  with  him  in  church  re- 
lations. He  was  also  a  charter  member 
of  the  first  congregation  of  the  Christ- 
ian Churcli  that  was  ever  organized  in 
Washington  Territory.  He  is  now  and  has 
been  a  ruling  Elder  in  his  church  since  1857. 
Having  not  despised  the  day  of  small  things,  he 
has  lived  to  see  a  growth  in  membership  of 
the  little  cotigregation,  of  some  seven  souls  to 
one  numbering  scores  of  the  best  and  noblest  of 
the  citizens  by  whom  he  is  surrounded,  and  the 
place  of  worship,  from  the  little,  rough,  log 
schoolhouse  to^  tine  church  edifice  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  town  of  Castle  Rock,  upon  a  plat  of 
land  donated  to  the  church  by  himself  and 
faithful  wife,  who  still  lives  on  the  old  farm 
with  him.  He  still  owns  his  original  claim  ex- 
cept 100  acres,  which  he  has  sold  for  the  pleas- 
ant site  of  the  thriving  town  of  Castle  Rock, 
Cowlitz  county,  AVashington,  respected  and 
honored  by  all  who  know  him. 


••^ 


AJOR  QUIXCY  A.  BROOKS,  one  of 
the  respected  pioneers  of  the  North- 
west, now  a  resident  of  Port  Townsend, 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, May  22,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles 
and  Mary  (Jester)  Brooks,  natives  of  the  same 
county.  His  ancestry  were  from  England,  and 
were  among  the  pioneers  of  Washington  county, 
where  they  followed  agricultural  pursuits. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reai-ed  on  a 
farm  and  received  a  liberal  education,  graduat- 
ing at  the  Western  L^niversity  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1847.  He  studied  law  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  T.  J.  Fox  Alden,of  Pittsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849.  He 
immediately  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Pittsburg,  where  he  was  successfully 
engaged  until  1851,  when,  induced  by  the 
liberal  opportunities  afforded  by  the  Northwest 
to  men  of  activity  and  capability,  he  turned  his 
face  in  the  direction  of  the  setting  sun. 

He  came  overlaiui  across  the  plains  in  the 
usual   manner  of  that  day,  journeying  by  ox 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


teams  aud  meeting  with  many  exciting  adven- 
tiire.<,  the  trip  coni^uniing  fiv^e  months'  time,  at 
tlie  riid  of  whicli  lie  arrived  safely  in  Portland. 
Coiitiiiuiiio;  his  juiirney  to  Olympia,  Mr.  Brooks 
determined  to  settle  in  that  city, and  accordingly 
entered  at  once  on  the  active  ]ii-actice  of  his 
profession.  Fortune  from  the  first  seemed  to 
smile  on  his  endeavors.  Shortly  after  locating 
here,  he  was  appointed  hy  Governor  Gaines  to 
the  position  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that 
portion  of  Oregon  Territory  lying  north  of  the 
Columhia  river.  From  this  time  forth  his  life 
was  a  series  of  advances  in  honorable  ofiices  and 
important  works,  and,  to  iiim,  as  one  of  the 
early  pioneers,  much  is  dne  for  the  present  high 
standing  of  Washington  in  commerce,  educa- 
tion, morality  and  all  that  goes  to  make  a  great 
State,  in  1853,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Cow- 
litz Convention,  which  secured  the  separation 
of  Washington  from  Oregon.  From  1856  to 
1861.  he  served  efficiently  in  the  Indian  service, 
under  Governor  Isaac  I.  Stevens  and  Superin- 
tendents Nesmith  and  Geary,  of  Oregon.  From 
1865  to  1869,  he  served  as  special  agent  of  the 
Post  Office  Department  for  the  Pacific  Coast, 
witli  headquarters  at  San  Francisco.  During 
the  :\rodoc  Indian  war  of  1872-'73,  he  served 
as  Assistant  ( Jiuirterniuster  General  of  the 
Oregon  State  troops,  with  the  rank  of  Major. 

In  1874,  he  located  at  Klamath  Falls,  south- 
ern Oregon,  where  he  purchased  1,400  acres  of 
land,  became  one  of  the  town  proprietors,  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  the  real-estate  business, 
besides  tilling  various  offices  in  the  county. 

In  1886,  he  was  aiipointed  Collector  of  Cus- 
toms of  Puget  Sound  district,  by  President 
Cleveland,  whereupon  he  removed  to  Port 
Townsend,  and  continued  to  discharge  the  du- 
ties of  that  office  until  change  of  administration. 
Since  then,  he  has  Ijeen  engaged  in  the  i-eal- 
estate  business  and  in  looking  after  his  large 
))roperty  interests,  Ids  income  being  such  as  to 
justify  his  retirement  from  active  pursuits,  were 
it  not  that  iiis  naturally  energetic  nature  re- 
belled from  idleness  as  contrary  to  the  habits 
and  thoughts  of  a  lifetime.  He  has  done  much 
for  humanity,  and  may  now  justly  wears  his 
laurels  in  comfort. 

Ml-.  Brooks  was  married  at  Salem,  Oregon, in 
1878,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Cranston,  daughter  of 
Ephraim  Cranston,  an  honored  pioneer  of  1851. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brooks  have  four  children:  Mol- 
lie.  now  Mrs.  W.  M.  Harned,  of  Port  Towns- 
end  ;    Lieutenant  E,  C.  Brooks,  of  the   Tenth 


United  States  Cavalry,  a  graduate  of  the  class 
of  1886  at  West  Point,  and  now  detailed  as 
military  instructor  at  Girard  College,  Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania;  Hattie,  and  Quincy. 

Surrounded  by  an  interesting  family,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  prosperity,  and  the  esteem  of  the 
people,  Mr.  Bi-ooks  has  attained  true  success, 
which  is  not  measured  by  material  advancement 
alone,  but  by  all  the  amenities  of  life  which  go 
to  satisfy  the  human  soul. 

'^■^-^ 

djOHN    M.  McDonald,   another    one  of 
the  successful    farmers    of  Lewis  county, 
---'    AVashington,  was  born    in    Scotland,  June 
24,  1825,  and  in   1830  emigrated  with  his  par- 


ents   to    America,    Nova    Scotia     beinc 


th 


objective  point,  and  at  that  place  remaining 
ttntil  1835.  That  year  they  removed  to  Massa- 
chusetts and  settled  at  Koxbury,  near  Boston. 
Soon  afterward  he  went  to  sea  and  remained  on 
the  deep  the  most  of  the  time  for  seventeen 
years.  He  continued  to  make  Koxbni-y  his 
home,  when  on  land,  until  1847.  About"l84'.t 
he  emigrated  to  San  Francisco,  California, 
where  he  was  appointed  customhouse  officer, 
which  position  he  tilled  for  three  years.  From 
San  Francisco  he  moved  to  Lewis  county, 
Washington  (at  that  time  Oregon),  landing  at 
Monticello  in  1853. 

Mrs.  McDonald's  maiden  name  was  Mary  J. 
Cutting.  She  was  born  in  Suffolk,  England,  in 
1838,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  she  emi- 
grated with  her  parents  to  San  Francisco,  where 
she  remained  for  five  or  six  months.  Since 
then  she  has  made  her  home  in  Lewis  county, 
Washington.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  AIcDona'd  have 
six  children:  Mai'y  A.,  Katlierine  J.,  Isabella 
M.,  Henry    D.,  Carlotta  A.  and  Agnes  R. 

f\(   LLEN  J.  MILLER,  a  Centralia  capitalist, 
f/l\     was   born    in  the  small   town   of  Mount 
//~^   Rath,   Queen    county,    Ireland,    August 
-fj  23,1834.     His  parents  were  William  H. 

and  Mary  (Hewson)  Miller,  both  of  them  being 
natives  of  Ireland.  When  he  was  about  five 
years  of  age  his  parents  came  to  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  where  he  grew  to  manhood,  learning  the 
trade  of   carpenter,    which    he   followed     until 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1859,  when  he  left  on  the  steamer  Illinois  and 
crossed  the  isthmus  of  Panama,  and  landed  at 
San  Francisco,  after  a  trip  of  twenty-eight  days 
from  New  York.  After  a  stay  of  a  month  there 
he  took  the  steamer  Nortliern  for  Olympia, 
Washington,  where  he  arrived  on  May  10,  but 
on  the  next  day  came  to  Steilacoorn,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  carpentering  business  and  con- 
tinued at  it  until  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Puyallnp  valley  and  cleared  up  a  farm,  which 
has  since  become  a  part  of  the  present  town  of 
Puyallup.  He  followed  farming  until  1888,  and 
since  that  time  has  put  in  a  water  system  at 
Centralia,  which  he  now  owns.  He  ran  a  private 
bank  there,  known  as  the  Bank  of  Centralia, 
which  he  started  in  1888,  and  converted  it  into 
tile  First  National  Bank  of  Centralia  in  1889, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,000,  of  which  he 
was  president  nntil  January  1,  1893.  He  also 
helped  to  organize  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Puy- 
allup in  1888,  afterward  known  as  the  Bank  of 
Puyallup,  and  was  a  director  in  both  tlie  old 
and  new  banks. 

Mr.  Miller  is  a  member  of  Puyallup  Lodge, 
No.  20,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  has  been  several 
times  elected  Master  Workman.  He  w-as  a 
member  of  the  first  Council  of  Puyallup,  has 
also  been  a  School  Diiector  and  Road  Superin- 
tendent in  that  district  for  nine  years  in  suc- 
cession. He  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  educational  matters. 

He  was  married  at  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
December  26, 1855,  to  Miss  Margaret  C.  Smyth, 
of  New  York.  They  immediately  went  to  re- 
side at  Fort  Hamilton,  a  town  on  New  York 
Harbor,  which  place  they  left  to  come  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Miller  built  the  first  ferry- 
boat to  convey  teams  across  the  Puyallup 
river,  the  hmiber  for  wdiich  he  paid  $75  per 
thousand  feet.  This  was  in  1859.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  first  to  enter  into  the  hop-grow- 
ing industry  in  the  Puyallup  valley. 


m^^ 


F.  YOUNG,  who  is  engaged  in  farming, 
hop-raising  and  fruit  culture,  in  the 
Puyallup  valley,  Washington,  was  born 
in  Oceana  county,  Michigan,  July  6,  1847.  His 
father,  Andrew  Young,  was  born  in  I'ennsyl- 
vania,  and  was  a  mechanic  by  trade.  The 
Young  family  moved  from  Michigan  to  Iowa 
when    B.     F,    was    quite    small.       Not    long 


afterward  they  went  to  Nebraska,  and  next  to 
Kansas,  and  while  he  was  yet  a  boy  they  made 
the  journey  across  plain  and  mountain  to  Port- 
land, Oregon.  This  journey  was  made  in  1860. 
They  started  with  three  yokes  of  oxen,  and  three 
of  their  oxen  died  on  the  plains. 

B.  F.  Young  remained  in  Portland  three 
years,  learning  the  printer's  trade,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1863  took  up  his  abode  in  Seattle,  Wasli- 
ington,  where  he  was  employed  in  a  printing 
office,  setting  type  on  the  first  paper  published 
in  King  county, —  the  Seattle  Gazette.  He  re- 
mained with  that  company  two  years,  after 
which  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  various  parts 
of  Washington,  Oregon  and  California  for  about 
ten  years,  for  two  years  being  publisher  and 
editor  of  a  paper  known  as  the  Petaluma  Cres- 
cent. He  returned  to  Tacoma  in  1878,  and  the 
following  year  moved  to  the  Puyallnp  valley. 
Here  he  bought  fifty-three  acres  of  land,  to  the 
cultivation  of  which  he  has  since  given  his  at- 
tention. 

Mr.  Young  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Lodge,  Mo.  43,  Sumner,  of  which  he  is  Past 
Grand  Patriarch;  llidgley  Encampment,  No. 
18;  K.  of  P.  Lodge,  No.  58,  North  Yakima,  of 
which  he  is  Past  Chancellor;  the  Grand  Lodge  , 
of  Red  Men,  Tacoma;  and  is  also  a  prominent 
member  of  other  secret  organizations  as  well  as 
belongino:  to  the  State  militia. 

]\Ir.  Young  has  been  twice  married — first,  in 
1870,  to  Mary  White,  who  died  leaving  one  son, 
Edward  M.  In  1875  Mr.  Young  married  Ella 
Calhoun,  and  they  have  five  children. 


[(J(()N.  M.  J.  GORDON,  Judge  of  the  Sn- 
IpM     perior  Court  for  Thurston  county,  resid- 
I     41    ing  in  the  city  of  Olympia,   was  born  in 
•f/  Sherbrook,  province  of  Quebec,  Canada, 

in  March,  1857.  His  paternal  ancestry  descend- 
ed from  Captain  John  Gordon,  of  Scotland,  who 
was  connected  with  General  Wolf's  army,  and 
after  the  capture  of  Quebec,  about  1759,  moved 
to  New  England  and  settled  near  Middletown, 
Connecticut. 

Merrit  (xordon,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Quebec.  He  and  his  brother  formed  a 
partnership  and  carried  on  railroad  contracting. 
They  constructed  a  large  portion  of  the  Inter- 
Colonial  Railroad  between  Nova  Scotia  and  Ot- 
tawa, now  a  part  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 


!i^Kfita^»ftffl8ai«^^^w^™liJ^ 


IIISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


road  system,  and  also   conducted   the   iraprove- 


(•.•iiig  live 
rit  Gordi 
native  o1 
Center,  ! 
M.  J.  ^ 


:Ulh.:.    I'^TS,  Ul.ell 

'  career  in  Lanes- 
.:iil   Mivrcli,  ISTO. 
at  wiiich  tiiiifc  iie  ittiii.j.td  to   Watertown,  i' 
kota,   and  from    there,  in   1881,  to  Abun! 
Brown  county,  same  Territory,  cootiiiiiins. 
practice  of  his  profession   all  ibe   while. 
was  a  member  of  the  Conptihitional  Cr.tiv!  ■ 


t.,u  iiith  Judic. 
twenty-two  conr 


.  !ar^\   IJonnri'Ltlet-. 

In   the   early   spring  of     i 
moved   to  Olyiupia  and  abeu': 
practice  with  Colonel  T.  Y.  Edd}. 
publican  county  convention   held 


irbondale,  1' 

Miss  .h^nvr 


his  wife  are  the  parents  of  tv. 

r;.,   aud    (^V;:.^U    A. 


•■'it  Tcmpuir  Ji.4ov>ii,  Ocnig 
omniaudery  and  Elriad 
Shrine  at  Si"'.  !  -iU 
tal  Lodge,  i  . 


I    T(    If  ILLOEY  BUTLER,  a  prominent  resident 

;     V  ngton,  and  one  of  tlie 

.  ;,  was  born   in   Bappa- 

Virginia,    March    31, 

>oth    paternal   and  nia- 

iioneer  settlers  of  Vir- 

ler  was  a  soldier  in  the 

ler   Wasliingtoii.     The 

t,     Roland    and    Lucy 

tives  of  the  same  State, 

agricultural   pursuits. 

iicated  in   the  common 

the   farm,    remaining 

,  42,  when  he  struck  out 

to  La  Fayette  conuty, 

jyed    as  a  farm   hand. 

as  overseer  for   John 

ntation  of   2,000  acres 

g  T.utler  received  $20 

sitiiin  eigli^en  months. 

of  the  darkies  as  well 

fas  a  kind-hearted  and 

I'i   working   in    harmony 

1    large    amount    of   work. 

I  iwever,  compelled    him  to 

.,   lie  then  started  on  horse- 

Lv !    i.ii    '/.'•    i  i;'.;ir    Purchase,   traveling  wlien 

ible  to  ride.     While  continuing  his  journey,  he 

.vas  cangbt    in    a'l    opn    prairie    in    a    heavy 

^iiunder    storm,    and.    being   unprotected,  was 

J;-enched  with  rain,     instead  of  producing sick- 

.ess,  this  had  the  effect  of  curing  him   of  his 

■  hills  for  all  time  to  come. 

Mr.     Bntier    sub-^efinently  returned     to    La 

:.-..i.,.  ,:r -...tv    \!;c.:r,|iri,  and   was   married  to 

kiiian,    niece    of    George 

h^A  first  worked.     He  was 

there  until  1849,  when, 

ther- ill-law,  he  turned 

iiient  of  the  estate. 

!  utler  started  across  the 

II    ihe    train    with   Judge 

'    jwan,  paying  $175  for  food 

lion.     Tlie  train  was  attacked   by 

number  of  deaths  occurred,  but 

...1.   i.uiM  1  aiid  wife  arvi'-ed  at  the  Dalles  with- 

though  they  suffered 

They  proceeded  by 


I  out  serious  inconvoi 
'   PfMne^vhat   from   =!;• 


Butler  r.>r 
secured  tli 


to    Portland,  and 

and    was    passed   in    a 

boat,  Mrs.  Bntier   still 

The  next  morning  Mr. 

ted  a  liouse  at  $33.50  per  numth,  and 

e  sei'vice  uf  Dr.  Wilson  to  attend  his 


■^^^HfB       lal 


718 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


wife,  assuring  him  that  he  had  pieuty  of  money, 
while  really  §2.50  was  his  entire  capital!  He 
had  understood  the  physicians  would  not  attend 
emigrants  who  were  "  broke:"  so  he  attempted 
this  ruse.  After  making  his  wife  as  comfort- 
able as  the  circumstances  permitted,  he  began 
looking  for  work,  and  chanced  to  meet  "Squire" 
Davis,  who  had  a  line  mule  team  and  offered 
that  with  feed  if  Mr.  Butler  would  take  it  and 
engage  in  teaming,  agreeing  to  divide  the  pro- 
ceeds. This  offer  was  readily  accepted,  and  the 
results  averaged  from  |20  to  $40  per  day,  thus 
enabling  Mr.  Butler  to  pay  all  obligations.  It 
may  be  added  that  he  and  Dr.  AVilson  were 
warm  friends  forever  after. 

In  the  spring  of  1853,  with  E.  M.  Smithers, 
whom  he  met  in  Portland,  he  came  to  Puget 
Sound,  via  the  Cowlitz  river,  and  at  Olympia 
they  passed  about  two  weeks  with  Calvin  H. 
Hale  while  looking  over  the  country.  Together 
they  came  to  Seattle,  a  few  rough  shanties  then 
comprising  the  town.  Mr.  Butler  purchased  a 
lot,  120  feet  square,  the  present  site  of  the  But- 
ler block,  for  $150,  and  when  Mr.  Yesler 
started  his  mill  he  secured  the  first  lumber  and 
built  a  little  house.  Then  he  began  clearing  his 
ground  for  a  garden  and  potato  patch.  He  and 
Mr.  Smithers  next  began  cutting  piles  and 
squaring  timber  for  the  San  Francisco  market, 
which  occupation  they  followed  several  years 
and  with  good  success. 

In  1854  Mr.  Butler  was  elected  Sheriff,  and 
held  the  olMce  two  years.  With  the  growth  of 
the  town,  he  purchased  a  team  and  engaged  in 
draying,  which  lie  continued  with  success  for 
many  years.  In  1886  his  little  house  was  re- 
placed by  a  large  frame  building,  which  afforded 
a  profitable  rental  till  the  summer  of  1889,  when 
it  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire.  He  then 
leased  the  land  for  building  purjioses,  and  sub- 
sequently sold  it  for  $75,000.  During  the  early 
'BOs  he  served  one  year  as  Indian  agent,  and  as 
Provost  Marshal  enrolled  King  county,  subject 
to  draft. 

His  good  wife,  the  comfort  and  solace  of  his 
pioneer  days,  passed  to  the  other  world  in  Jan- 
uary, 1870,  leaving  him  childless  and  alone.  In 
the  fall  of  1889  Mr.  Butler  attended  the  tri- 
ennial conclave  of  Knight's  Templar,  at  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia,  and  took  part  in 
the  great  parade,  during  which,  however  he  was 
taken  suddenly  ill,  and  compelled  to  leave  the 
ranks.  During  that  year,  and  while  on  his  trip 
East,  he  visited,  after  forty-seven  years  of  absence, 


I  his  old  home  in  Virginia,  but  it  was  an  unhappy 
visit,  as  the  old  landmarks  had  been  obliterated 
and  his  family  had  been  scattered  or  extermin- 
ated tlirongli  the  evil  influences  of  the  Civil 
war.  He  gladly  returned  to  Seattle  to  live  and 
die  among  his  pioneer  friends. 

Mr.' Butler  is  a  prominent  Mason  of  ihe 
thirty-second  degree,  Scottish  rite,  and  for  many 
years  he  served  as  Treasurer  of  the  Consistory, 
also  being  for  many  years  Treasurer  of  the  Cum- 
mandery  Xo.  2,  Knights  Templar.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Cliurch. 


CAPTAIN  HEKBERT  F.  BEECHER,  of 
the  United  States  Revenue  Service  on 
Puget  Sound,  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  June  22,  1854,  the  youngest  of  ten 
children  born  to  Rev.  Henry  Ward  and  Eunice 
(White  I>ullard)  Beecher,  natives  of  Connecti- 
cut and  Massachusetts,  respectively.  Herbert 
F.  was  educated  at  the  Gunnery,  at  Washington, 
Connecticut,  Bound  Hill  Seminary,  at  North- 
ampton, Massachusetts,  and  entered  Atnherst 
College  in  the  class  of  1872,  but,  owing  to 
sickness,  left  in  the  sophomore  class.  He  then 
eiitered  upon  the  study  of  medicine  at  tbe  Long 
Island  College  Hospital,  but,  after  one  year  of 
study,  decided  that  his  sensibilities  were  too 
keen  to  carry  surgery  to  success,  and  he  accord- 
ingly retired  from  the  profession.  Becoming 
interested  in  yachting  on  the  Hudson  river  and 
Long  Island  sound,  Mr.  Beecher  decided  to 
adopt  navigation  as  a  jjrofession,  and  to  that 
end  entered  the  employ  of  the  Norwich  line  of 
steamers,  remaining  there  four  years.  He  first 
worked  as  a  deck  hand,  but  by  promotion 
finally  became  Captain  of  one  of  the  best 
steamers. 

In  1878  he  came  to  California,  was  one  of 
five  to  lease  the  Tejon  ranch  of  General  Beale, 
consisting  of  400,000  acres  of  land,  engaged  in 
the  sheep  and  cattle  business,  but  owing  to  con- 
tinued dry  weather  the  investment  proved  un- 
successful. In  the  fall  of  1879  Captain 
Beecher  returned  to  steamboatiiig,  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  old  Oregon  Navigation  Company, 
and  for  one  year  was  engaged  as  freight  clerk 
and  purser  on  the  steamship  Oregon,  running 
between  Portland  and  San  Francisco.  He  was 
then  placed  in  charge  of  a  large  force  of  men 
I   at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  loading  and  unloading 


EISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


freight  from  boat  to  cars,  but  subsequently,  on 
account  of  ill  health,  and  to  be  on  salt  water,  came 
to  Puget  Sound,  in  the  employ  of  same  company. 
He  was  Captain  at  different  times  of  their  several 
steamers  running  on  Puget  Sound.  In  June, 
1883,  Captain  Eeecher  bought  the  mail  route 
from  Port  Townsend,  throu>^h  the  San  Juan 
islands,  to  Blaine,  and,  with  the  steamer 
Evangel,  covered  the  route  until  July  1,  1885. 

He  then  entered  upon  the  duties  of  Collector 
of  Customs  of  Puget  Sound  District,  to  which 
position  he  had  been  appointed  by  President 
Cleveland.  During  the  fifteen  years  and  nine 
months  previous  to  Captain  Beecher's  ap)point- 
ment,  smuggling  had  been  carried  on  with  a 
high  hand,  and  the  seizures,  fines  and  forfeit- 
ures of  the  entire  j^eriod  amounted  to  about 
$36,500.  Knowing  of  the  illicit  traffic,  Cap- 
tain Beecher  immediately  entered  upon  a  vigor- 
ous assault,  without  partialty  or  favoritism,  and 
during  the  thirteen  months  of  his  service  he 
seized  iJ152,000  wortli  of  opium,  besides  im- 
posing tines  to  the  amount  of  $55,000.  His 
policy  was  so  vigorous  and  touched  so  many 
people  and  corporations  engaged  in  the  traffic 
that  their  influence  was  brought  to  bear  upon 
the  Senate,  and  the  name  of  Captain  Beecher  as 
Collector  was  not  confirmed.  Charges  of  defal- 
cation and  embezzlement  were  made  against 
him,  all  of  which  were  without  foundation',  and 
in  January,  1887,  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Cleveland  as  Special  Agent  of  the  Treasury 
Department  for  the  District  of  Oregon,  \yash- 
ington  Territory  and  Alaska,  with  headquarters 
at  Port  Townsend,  which  position  he  held  until 
April  10,  1880,  when  the  administration 
changed. 

Captain  Beecher  then  repurchased  the  old 
mail  route  through  the  islands,  and  formed  the 
Island  Transportation  Company,  with  tlie 
steamers  J.  B.  Libby,  Point  Arena  and  General 
Miles.  He  leased  the  Commercial  wharf,  and 
engaged  in  a  general  shipping  commercial  busi- 
ness, continuing  to  September,  1891,  when  by 
losses  by  fire  on  wharf  and  steamer,  he  was 
forced  to  abandon  steam  boating,  and  accepted 
the  position  as  pilot  of  the  revenue  cutter 
"  'Wolcott." 

Captain  Beecher  was  married  in  Seattle,  in 
1881,  to  Miss  Ilattie  Foster,  a  native  of  Ind- 
iana. They  have  three  children:  Henry  Ward, 
Mary  E.  and  Beatrice  B.  The  family  reside  in 
Port  Townsend,  where  they  have  a  beautiful 
liome,    overlooking    the    bay.      Mrs.    Beecher 


graduated  at  the  San  Francisco  Art  School,  and 
has  devoted  her  time  to  the  upbuilding  of 
artistic  sentiment  among  the  people  of  this  city. 
As  evidence  of  her  success  as  a  teacher,  we  can 
say  that  of  the  State  exhibit,  numbering  150 
pictures,  at  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago, 
thirty-eight  pictures  were  selected  from  Port 
Townsend,  and  of  these  thirty-six  were  the 
product  of  Mrs.  Beecher  and  her  pupils. 


I-^I*- 


^^€4 


5TEPHEN  P.  WILLIS,  one  of  the  pio- 
\  neers  of  the  Northwest,  was  born  on  a 
-^  farm  near  Hennepin,  Putnam  county, 
Illinois,  September  3,  1831,  a  son  of  James  W. 
and  Ann  (Stewart)  Willis,  natives  respectively 
of  South  Carolina  and  Kentucky.  About  1819 
they  settled  in  Illinois,  where  the  father  pur- 
chased and  improved  a  farm  of  Government 
land.  During  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1832 
the  barn  belonging  to  Mr.  Willis  was  converted 
into  a  stockade,  and  afforded  protection  to  the 
families  of  settlers,  while  the  men  weie  out 
fighting  the  Indians.  From  1835  to  1839  Mr. 
AVillis  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  bnsinet-s 
in  Canton,  Fulton  county.  In  the  latter  year 
he  removed  to  Linn  county,  Iowa,  and  resumed 
the  occupation  of  farming  in  Linn  county,  and 
his  death  occurred  there  in  1843,  leaving  a 
widow  and  six  children.  Mr.  Willis  was  a 
Whie  in  political  matters,  with  strong  abolition 


proclivities,  his  family 


ig  left  South  Caro- 


lina at  an  early  day  to  escape  from  the  influence 
of  slavery.  He  was  also  a  strong  tempei-ance 
man,  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  first 
temperance  society  in  Illinois,  was  a  man  of 
strong,  resell ute  character,  and  fearless  in  action 
or  speech  when  he  was  satisfied  as  to  the  right. 
Stephen  P.  Willis,  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  six 
children,  was  reared  to  habits  of  industry  on  the 
farm.  He  was  married  in  1855,  to  Miss  Caro- 
line White,  a  native  of  Ohio  and  of  English 
ancestry.  They  remained  with  his  mother  until 
1857,  and  in  that  year  they  all  came  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  via  the  Panama  route.  After  arriv- 
ing in  San  Francisco,  they  spent  a  few  weeks  in 
Sonoma  county,  but  distrusting  the  land  titles, 
they  located  in  Polk  county,  Oregon.  Two 
years  later  they  went  to  the  Umpqua  valley, 
where  Mr.  Willis  followed  farming  until  1865, 
and  they  then  located  152  acres  of  land  on  the 
White  river,   in  the  Sound  country.     The  land 


720 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  then  covered  with  timber,  but  he  began  its 
improvement  by  building  and  clearing,  and 
thus  developed  a  fine  farm  of  ninety  acres,  the 
remainder  being  still  in  timber.  The  town  of 
Kent  is  also  located  near  his  land.  Mr.  Willis 
followed  general  farming,  with  a  sniall  dairy  of 
fi-om  ten  to  tweuty-five  cows,  and  lived  on  his 
farm  until  1890,  when  he  sold  the  entire  tract, 
with  the  exception  of  about  thirty  acres.  In 
1890  he  came  to  Seattle,  and  was  among  the 
first  to  settle  and  build  in  the  town  of  Latona, 
where  he  owns  several  tine  building  sites,  be- 
sides other  property  at  Edgewater.  He  was 
also  active  in  the  development  of  Kent,  and  for 
eighteen  years  was  a  Director  of  the  schools  of 
that  locality. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willis  have  two  children: 
Charles  L.  and  Sarah  A.,  residents  of  Kent. 
The  latter  is  the  wife  of  William  R.  Ross. 
Our  subject  w^s  reared  an  Abolitionist,  but  in 
later  life  has  adopted  the  principles  of  the  Pro- 
hibition party,  believing  that  to  be  the  party 
for  political  reform. 


OHN  THORNTON,  a  well-known  and  re- 


1 

^J  spected  pioneer  of  Fort  Townsend,  was 
^1^  born  in  Tippecanoe  county,  Indiana,  in 
March,  1825.  liis  parents,  Levi  and  Katherine 
(Black)  Thornton,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Kentucky  respectiv^ely,  who  removed  to  In- 
diana in  the  early  settlenient  of  that  State, 
where  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
followed  farming.  In  1836  the  parents  removed 
to  Iowa,  where  they  passed  the  remainder  of 
their  lives  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  universal  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  their  fellow-men. 

John  Thornton,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  at- 
tended the  schools  of  Iowa  and  remained  on  the 
old  homestead,  caring  for  his  parents  until  both 
had  departed  this  life.  In  1850,  when  the  emi- 
gration to  the  West  gained  such  momentum, 
Mr.  Thornton  sold  his  interests  in  Iowa,  and  in 
company  with  eight  other  men,  among  whom 
was  Henry  Yan  Asselt,  now  of  Seattle,  they 
purchased  two  prairie  wagons  and  eight  yoke  of 
oxen,  with  which  they  left  Iowa  on  April  8, 
1850,  for  the  long,  wearisome  journey  across 
the  plains.  On  September  20  following  they 
arrived  safely  in  Oregon  City,  none  the  worse, 
with  the  exception  of  fatigue,  for  tiieir  pro- 
tracted journey.    They  spent  the  winter  in  Ore- 


gon City,  and  in  March,  1851,  he  and  his  asso- 
ciates started  for  the  mines  of  northern  Cali- 
fornia, near  Mount  Shasta.  They  here  spent 
several  months  in  mining,realizing  about  §1,000 
each,  whet),  instead  of  expending  their  money 
in  prospecting,  as  was  the  usual  custom,  they 
decided  to  leave  the  mines  and  go  to  Puget 
Sound,  locate  claims  and  engage  in  farming. 
Accordingly  they  traveled  on  horseback  to  St. 
Helen,  Oregon,  where  they  were  ferried  across 
the  Columl)ia  river.  Here  an  unfortunate  acci- 
dent befell  Mr.  Van  Asselt,  in  the  discharge  of 
his  gun,  by  which  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm 
and  was  obliged  to  return  to  St.  Helen  for  sur- 
gical treatment,  Mr.  Thornton  accompanying 
him  and  remaining  with  him  for  about  thirty 
days. 

They  then  set  forth  again  and  met  their 
friends  on  the  Nesqually  river,  where  they 
secured  a  contract  for  the  loading  of  two  vessels 
with  piling,  which  they  cut  and  hauled  from  the 
woods  by  liand.  In  November  they  proceeded 
to  the  Sound  country,  and  reached  Steilacoom 
at  the  time  of  the  gold  excitement  on  Queen 
Charlotte's  islands.  Mr.  Thornton  joined  a 
small  company  of  men  and  embarked  on  an  old 
sloop  for  Gold  Harbor,  but  through  adverse 
circumstances  they. were  wrecked  off  the  coast 
of  the  island  and  captured  by  the  Indians,  in 
whose  custody  they  remained  for  fifty-four  days, 
until  both  money  and  patience  were  exhausted. 
They  were  then  rescued  by  Captain  La  Fayette 
Balch,  and  returned  to  Steilacooni  without 
reaching  the  gold  fields. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  then  engaged  in 
cutting  and  hauling  piles,  until  in  June,  1852, 
he  came  down  the  Sound  and  located  a  donation 
claim  of  320  acres  near  New  Dungeness,  Clal- 
lam county,  Washington,  on  which  he  built  a 
log  cabin,  plowed  a  small  piece  of  land  and 
planted  potatoes.  In  the  summer  of  1853  he 
went  to  Fort  Gamble,  where  he  assisted  in 
building  the  mill,  and  continued  at  work  until 
April,  1854,  when  he  returned  to  his  claim.  In 
the  fall  of  1855  he  volunteered  in  the  Indian 
war^and  served  three  months  in  the  company  of 
Captain  Eby,  on  Snohomish  prairie.  He  then 
returned  to  his  claim  and  actively  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising,  where  he  continued 
to  reside  until  1884,  when  he  rented  his  claim 
and  retired  from  the  hardships  of  farm  life. 
He  then  settled  in  Port  Townsend,  where  he 
built  a  pleasant  home  at  No.  30  Winslow  ave- 
nue, and    is  now  enjoying  liis  declining    years 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


while  surrounded  by  every  necessary  comfort. 
He  also  owns  other  valuable  improved  and  un- 
improved  property  in  the  city. 

Mr.  Thornton  was  married  at  New  Duiigeness, 
in  1868,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Henderson,  a  California 
pioneer  of  1852,  who  luid  four  children  by  a 
former  marriage,  and  they  now  have  three  more, 
making  seven  in  all. 

While  residing  on  his  farm,  Mr.  Thornton 
was  elected  Treasurer  of  Clallam  county,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  for  six  years,  with  his 
usual  efficiency  and  uprightness.  In  1860  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Clallam 
county,  and  served  one  term.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  advancement  of  the  country, 
and  is  justly  numbered  among  the  represent- 
ative citizens  of  the  Key  City  of  Washington. 

dlOHN  C.  KLEBER,  one  of  the  rising  at- 
torneys of  Olympia,  was  born  in  the  city 
^^  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  August  1,  1861. 
His  father,  Christopher  Kleber,  was  a  native  of 
Germany,  and  of  French  and  German  extrac- 
tion, and  a  grandson  of  General  Jean  Baptiste 
Kleber,  one  of  Napoleon's  Generals,  and  who 
fought  the  battle  of  Mount  Tabor.  He  was 
reared  in  the  United  States  from  his  sixth  year, 
and  learned  the  cooper's  trade  in  Milwaukee, 
and  in  that  city  was  afterward  married  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Bersch,  a  native  of  Germany,  who 
came  to  Wisconsin  when  ten  years  old  with  her 
parents.  Mr.  Kleber  became  thoroughly  Ameri- 
canized, and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  C'ivil 
war  tendered  his  services  in  defense  of  his 
adopted  country.  He  enlisted  in  1861,  as  did 
also  his  three  brothers  and  three  of  his  wife's 
brothers,  seven  boys  having  enlisted  in  the  two 
families,  and  all  performed  valiant  service  in 
defense  of  the  Union.  After  the  war  Mr.  Kleber 
returned  to  Milwaukee,  and  in  1867  removed  to 
Wiuneconne,  Wisconsin,  where  he  bought  a 
farm,  improved  the  same,  and  where  he  now  re- 
sides with  his  wife. 

John  C.  Kleber,  the  only  child  of  his  parents, 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Wiune- 
conne and  at  Lawrence  University,  Appleton, 
Wisconsin,  and  at  the  Oshkosh  (Wisconsin)  State 
NoiMiial  School.  He  began  teaching  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  years,  and  continued  four  years,  in- 
terspersing his  teaching  with  his  years  of  study. 
In  1883  he  began  reading  law,  was  admitted  to 


the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wisconsin  in 
due  time,  and  then  entered  upon  a  professional 
career  in  Milwaukee,  where  he  continued  to 
practice  law  for  eighteen  months.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  he  was  engaged  as  traveling  cor- 
respondent to  the  Oshkosh  Times,  journeying 
through  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Wisconsin 
atid  Michigan.  In  February,  1887,  he  moved 
to  Washington,  first  locating  at  Tacoma,  where 
he  practiced  law  for  two  years.  Being  advised 
to  try  life  in  the  country  for  his  health,  he  en- 
gaged to  teach  as  principal  of  schools  at  Orting 
for  one  season,  commencing  in  September,  1889, 
and  while  there  also  performed  the  duties  of 
City  Attorney.  In  June,  1890,  he  came  to 
Olympia  to  reside,  but  continued  business  in- 
terests in  Pierce  county  until  October,  the  same 
year,  when  he  opened  his  office  in  Olympia  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which 
he  has  since  followed  very  successfully,  and 
especially  as  a  criminal  lawyer.  He  also  is  an 
extensive  owner  of  real  estate,  city  and  country. 

Mr.  Kleber  was  married  at  Wiuneconne,  Sep- 
tember 10,  1885,  to  Miss  Matie  A.  Owen,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Frances  Elizabeth. 

Socially  he  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M., 
ami  politically  is  a  Democrat. 


'jP^,  EV.    DAYID    E.    BLAINE,    the    first 
k^,     minister   of    the    Methodist    Episcopal 
I     V\,  Church,  to  locate  in  Seattle,  was    born 
^  in  Varick,  Seneca  county.  New   York, 

on  March  5,  1824,  a  son  of  John  and  Martha 
(Edwards)  Blaine.  His  early  life  was  passed  on 
a  farcn  and  in  pursuing  his  preparatory  studies 
at  the  Waterloo  Academy. 

He  entered  Hamilton  College,  at  Clinton, 
New  York,  in  1845,  and  graduated  in  1849. 
He  had  united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  1842,  was  licensed  as  a  local  preacher 
in  1848,  attended  the  Auburn  Theological 
Seminary  three  years,  and  graduated  in  1852. 
He  was  then  employed  as  a  tutor  in  Hamilton 
College  one  year.  On  August  11,  1853,  he  was 
married,  and  during  the  same  montli  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  East  Genesee  CuidV-rence,  or- 
dained a  local  Deacon  by  iSishop  Edmund  S. 
Janes,  and  at  once  sent  to  Bugct  Sound  to  labor 
under  the  direction  of  the  Oregon  Mission  Con- 
ference. On  October  5,  he  left  New  York  for 
his  field  of  labor,  by  steamer  to  San  Francisco, 


HI  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


via  Panama,  aud  thence  by  sailing  vessel  to 
Fuget  Sound.  On  arriving  at  Oljmpia,  the 
residence  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Puget 
Sound  District,  he  was  assigned  to  Seattle.  Ke- 
turning  with  the  vessel  on  which  he  went  to 
Olynipia  he  landed  at  Alki  Point,  November 
20,  1853.  Here  in  the  evening  of  the  same  day 
he  preached  his  tirst  sermon  in  Washington 
Territory,  to  a  congregation  of  about  twenty 
persons — nearly  all  the  population  of  the  place. 
The  next  day  he  crossed  Elliott  bay,  about  live 
miles,  to  Seattle,  in  a  canoe  manned  by  Indians. 
During  the  following  year  he  built  for  himself 
a  house  on  the  four  lots  of  the  block  on  Cherry 
street,  between  Second  and  Third,  the  present 
site  of  the  New  York  building,  and  began  the 
erection  of  a  church  on  the  adjoining  lots,  the 
present  site  of  the  Boston  block.  He  paid  $10 
a  lot  for  his  own  home  site.  The  two  lots  ob- 
tained for  the  church  site  were  donated  by  Car- 
son D.  Eoreu.  The  church  building  was  erected 
thereon  and  dedicated  by  Rev.  William  Roberts, 
from  Portland,  Oregon,  in  May,  1855. 

Mr.  Blaine  remained  in  Seattle  two  and  a 
half  years,  when,  his  work  being  interrupted  by 
Indian  hostilities  in  the  Sound  country,  it  was 
decided  that  he  should  remove  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  supply  a  vacancy  in  the  Taylor 
street  church  in  that  city.  At  the  ensuing 
session  of  the  conference,  in  1856,  he  was 
appointed  to  Oregon  City,  where  he  labored  two 
years;  then  served  in  Corvallis  a  year;  next,  was 
Principal  of  the  Santiam  Academy,  at  Lebanon, 
one  year;  then  was  in  charge  of  the  Albany  and 
Lebanon  circuit  one  year;  his  next  work  was 
that  of  Presiding  Elder  on  the  Upper  Willamette 
District  one  year. 

At  the  next  annual  conference,  in  1862,  be 
obtained  leave  of  absence  for  a  year  to  go  East 
in  accordance  with  a  long  cherished  plan;  but 
by  the  earnest  invitation  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Portland  Academy  he  remained  to  take  charge 
of  that  institution,  to  till  a  vacancy  during  the 
fall  and  winter  term  of  school.  In  April,  1863, 
with  his  wife  and  two  boys,  he  left  Portland  by 
steamer  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence,  after  a 
brief  delay,  by  steamer,  via  the  isthmus  of  Nic- 
aragua to  New  York  in  May.  Being  unable  to 
I'eturn  to  the  Pacific  coast  as  intended,  Mr. 
Blaine  spent  ten  years  as  a  farmer  and  local 
minister,  and  then  was  re-admitted  to  the  East 
Genessee  conference.  He  filled  appointments  in 
Barclay  and  Mainsburg  in  Northern  Pennsyl- 
vaiiia;  at  Reading  Center,  Hopewell  and  Allen's 


Hill,  in  central  New  York.  He  was  then 
granted  a  supernumerary  relation  by  the  Gen- 
essee Conference,  at  his  own  request.  In  1883 
he  returned  with  his  wife  to  Seattle,  on  Puget 
Sound,  and  is  now  a  supernumerai'y  preacher 
and  member  of  the  Puget  Sound  Conference. 

Plaving  retired  from  active  ministerial  work, 
he  is  pleasantly  passing  the  evening  of  his  days 
with  his  children  and  grandchildren  settled  near 
liim,  in  the  city  of  his  early  labors  and  mem- 
ories, and  which  meanwhile  has  increased  from 
a  pioneer  hamlet  to  contain  a  population  of 
nearly  60,000  inhabitants. 


[(  LMON  QUIMBY  CLIURCH  was  born 
|\  on  May  8,  1836,  in  Genesee  county.  New 
^  York,  on  the  Allegheny  river  in  what 
was  then  known  as  the  lumber  region. 
His  parents  are  Joseph  and  Mary  Maria  (Beede) 
Church,  both  being  natives  of  the  State  of 
Vermont,  and  their  ancestry  of  Scotch  extrac- 
tion. His  father  was  a  physician  and  came  to 
the  coast  in  1846,  crossing  the  plains  in  an  ox- 
wagon,  and  located  in  Clackamas  county,  Oregon, 
where  they  remained  abont  one  year  and  then 
took  up  a  donation  claim  about  twelve  miles 
east  of  Oregon  City,  and  there  the  father  lived 
until  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Pacific  county, 
Washington.  He  lived  there  until  1884,  wlien 
he  removed  to  Clarke  county,  where  he  lived 
until  1890;  he  then  went  back  to  Pacific  county, 
Washington,  and  at  the  present  time  resides 
thei'e.     He  lost  his  wife  in  1885. 

Alraon  Quimby  Church  was  tiie  fourth  child, 
in  the  order  of  age,  in  a  family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, five  sons  and  six  daughters.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  until  September,  1855,  when 
he  joined  the  Oregon  volunteers  to  tight  the 
Yakima  and  Walla  Walla  Indians,  serving  dur- 
ing the  winter  campaign.  In  the  spring  he  was 
discharged,  but  he  re-enlisted  in  June,  in  a 
regiment  commanded  by  Colonel  Layton,  which 
went  by  way  of  the  Dalles  up  the  John  Day 
river  and  across  the  Bine  mountains.  They  had 
engagements  on  John  Day  and  Burnt  rivers. 
On  this  trip  Mr.  Church  lived  at  one  time  for 
twenty-tive  days  on  horse  and  mule  meat,  and  he 
served  his  entire  time  without  pay. 

His  terra  of  military  service  ended,  he  re- 
turned to  his  father's  place  on  the  Clackamas, 
and  in  company  with  his   older   brother   went 


HI.'^TORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


into  the  timber  business,  on  the  Clackamas 
river.  But  in  March,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  army  for  three  years.  He  was  at 
Yancou\er  for  ele\t'ii  months,  and  was  then 
ordered  to  southeastern  Oregon,  where  the  men 
linnted  Modocs  and  Fiutes  until  April  16, 1865, 
when  our  subject  was  severely  wounded,  and  lay 
in  a  hospital  for  eleven  months.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  of  enlistment  he  was 
mustered  out,  at  Fort  Vancouver. 

He  afterwards  located  in  Pacific  county  and 
followed  oystering,  fishing  and  ranching  for  a 
livelihood  until  1883,  when  he  removed  to  Clarke 
county  and  bought  eighty  acres  of  land,  tbnr 
and  one-half  miles  from  La  Center,  where  he 
now  resides.  Of  this  he  now  has  abont  fifty 
acres  cleared  off  and  planted  in  grain  and  hay. 
He  also  has  a  large  orchard,  composed  of  apples, 
plums,  prunes,  and  peach  trees. 

Mr.  Church  was  n.arried  in  Pacific  county, 
"Washington,  on  March  20,  1869,  to  Miss  Ituth 
Ann  Adams,  daughter  of  John  and  Martha 
Shaver.  Her  mother  died  when  she  w'as  only 
six  weeks  old  and  she  was  adopted  by  Mr. 
William  Adams  of  Hillsboro,  Oregon,  who  was 
one  of  Oregon's  early  settlers.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Church  have  had  ten  children,  of  whom  two, 
Cora  and  Ellsworth,  by  name,  are  deceased. 
Those  living  are:  Almon,  Stewart,  Annie,  Laura. 
Arthur,  Walter,  Archie,  William  Winford  and 
Lincoln. 

Mr.  Church  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  is  a 
School  Director  of  his  district,  Xo.  32,  Clarke 
county,  and  is  serving  his  third  term. 


REGON  COLUMBUS  HASTINGS,  of 
Victoria,  was  born  in  Hancock  county, 
Hlinois,  April  26,  1846,  the  eldest  son  of 
Loren  B.  and  Lucinda  (Bingham)  Hastings, 
eminent  pioneers  of  the  Northwest,  and  asso- 
ciate founders  of  the  city  of  Port  Townsend. 
Crossing  the  plains  in  1847,  the  earliest  recol- 
lection of  Oregon  C.  is  of  the  pioneer  life  of 
Oregon,  with  its  weird  and  varied  experiences. 
He  was  subject  to  many  changes  imtil  in  the 
spring  of  1852,  when  by  sailing  vessel  the  fam- 
ily came  to  Port  Townsend,  then  almost  a  wil- 
derness, the  only  white  settlers  being  Messrs. 
Plummer  and  Batchelder.  With  the  passage  of 
years  and  increase  of  population,  schools  were 
established,  and  there  young  Hastings  secured 


his  education.  He  lived  with  his  parents  on 
the  donation  claim,  and  with  mature  years  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  also  in  mercan- 
tile work  in  his  father's  store.  In  1874,  in  part- 
nership with  his  brother  Frank,  the  firm  of 
Hastings  Bros,  was  established  and  succeeded 
their  father  in  the  store,  which  they  continued 
about  two  years.  Mr.  Hastings  then  sold  his 
interest  and  returned  to  farm  life  on  the  old 
homestead.  In  early  life  our  subject  became 
interested  in  the  chemisti-y  of  light,  and  through 
that  study  drifted  into  photography,  engaging 
actively  in  the  business  in  Port  Townsend.  He 
afterward  conducted  a  successful  business  in 
Victoria,  British  Columbia,  until  1890,  when 
he  retired  from  active  labor,  except  in  looking 
after  his  private  interests. 

Mr.  Hastings  was  married  in  Port  Townsend 
in  1867,  to  Miss  Matilda  Birch,  who  died  in 
1881,  leaving  two  children,  Oregon  A.  and 
Minnie.  He  was  again  married,  in  Victoria, 
in  ]885,  to  Mrs.  Sylvestria  Theodora  Smith,  of 
English  ancestry.  They  have  one  child,  J\ianita. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Hastings  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  while  in  Port  Townsend  served  for 
several  years  as  Deputy  Treasurer  of  Jefferson 
county,  also  as  Inspector  of  Customs  under 
M.  S.  Drew.  Since  residing  in  Victoria  he  has 
taken  no  active  part  in  politics. 


LEWIS  P.  BERRY  was  born  at  Leaven- 
j  worth,  Crawford  county,  Indiana,  on  the 
\  23d  day  of  November,  1S42.  His  par- 
ents were  Thomas  F.  and  jMartlia  J.  (Timber- 
lake)  Berry,  the  former  a  native  of  Guernsey 
county,  Ohio,  the  latter  a  native  of  Kenton 
county,  Kentucky.  The  first  ten  years  of  Mr. 
Berry's  life  were  spent  in  Marion  and  Shelby 
counties,  Indiana.  His  family  started  from 
Shelbyville  in  1853  and  went  to  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  on  the  railroad;  down  the  Ohio  river 
and  up  tlie  Missouri  and  Mississippi  to  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri;  and  then  outfitted  and  started 
across  the  plains,  crossing  the  Missouri  river  at 
a  point  near  the  Iowa  line.  They  continued 
their  journey  westward,  arri\ing  at  Tuniwater, 
Washington,  in  October,  1853,  about  six  nmnths 
after  crossing  the  Missouri.  They  spent  the 
winter  there  and  cared  for  their  stock.  His 
father  took  up  a  ranch  a  short  distance  from 
Turawater.     In  the   spring  of    1860  they   re- 


^24 


nt STOUT    OP    WASBTNOTON. 


moved  to  Miami  prairie,  in  Thurston  county, 
and  remained  there  till  the  spring  of  1864, 
when  the  family  removed  to  Walla  Walla,  where 
Ins  father  died  in  ISfifi.  His  mother  died  in 
1890  at  Milton,  Oregon,  about  ten  miles  from 
Alalia  Walla. 

Mr.  Berry  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion in  Thurston  county.  His  early  life  was 
spent  at  hard  work  on  the  farm.  When  nine- 
teen years  old,  during  the  spring  of  18G1,  he 
taught  school  at  Seabeck  in  Kitsap  county,  and 
later  on  he  taught  tour  or  live  years  in  Walla 
Walla  county.  He  afterward  engaged  in  sheep- 
raising,  which  occupation  he  followed  for  several 
years,  and  removed  to  Colfax,  Whitman  county, 
in  1878,  where  be  was  agent  of  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.,  and  also  Postmaster  for  four  years.  In 
1886  he  was  elected  and  served  one  term  of  two 
years  as  Sheriff  of  Whitman  county.  He  re- 
moved to  Tacoma  in  the  spring  of  1890,  and 
now  holds  the  position  of  Deputy  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Tacoma. 

Mrs.  Berry  was  formerly  Sarah  Elizabeth 
Baldwin,  a  native  of  Olympia  and  daughter  of 
A.  J.  Baldwin,  one  of  the  early  settlers  who 
came  to  Olympia  in  1850.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Berry 
have  one  child,  named  Mabel. 

Mr.  Berry  is  a  member  of  Walla  Walla 
Lodge,  No.  7.  F.  &  A.  M.;  Colfax  Chapter,  No. 
8,  R.  A.  M.,  and  also  of  Colfax  Lodge,  No.  52, 
A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  always  been  an  active  Re- 
publican. 


OHN  S.  MAGGS,  one  of  the  early  pio- 
Y II  neers  of  the  Puget  Sound  district,  was 
»^  born  at  Jersey  Shore,  Lycoming  county, 
Pennsylvania,  October  2,  1832.  His  father, 
George  Maggs,  was  a  native  of  England,  but 
was  brought  by  his  parents  to  America  in  his 
childhood,  in  1804.  He  was  reared  in  Penn- 
sylvania, lived  the  life  of  an  agriculturist,  and 
was  there  married  to  Mary  Snyder. 

John  S.  Maggs,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
]-eceived  his  education  in  the  common  schools, 
two  and  a  half  miles  from  his  home,  and  was 
obliged  to  walk  the  entire  distance  morning  and 
evening.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
1853,  and  in  that  year  started  for  California,  via 
New  York  and  the  Panama  route,  arriving  in 
San  Francisco  in  May,  1853.  For  the  follow- 
ing four  years  Mr.  Maggs  followed  mining  in 


Calaveras  county,  with  limited  profits,  was  en- 
gaged in  ranching  one  year  in  the  Sacramento 
valley,  and  in  1858,  d\iring  the  Eraser  river 
gold  excitement,  started  for  that  locality.  Af- 
ter arriving  at  Victoria  he  found  the  prospects 
had  been  overestimated,  and  he  accepted  the  po- 
sition of  lighthouse-keeper  for  one  year.  In 
1859-  Mr.  Maggs  went  to  Neah  bay,  as  clerk  at 
the  trading  post  of  H.  A.  AVebster,  subsequently 
became  manager  of  the  .store,  but  in  1872  re- 
turned to  his  old  home  at  Jersey  Shore  to  en- 
gage in  the  study  of  dentistry.  He  was  there 
married,  and  in  December,  1873,  brought  his 
bride  to  Seattle,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  dentistry  until  1880.  In  that  year 
he  became  keeper  of  the  lighthouse  at  Point 
No  Point,  which  had  just  been  established,  but 
four  years  after  resigned  his  position  and  re- 
turned to  Seattle.  He  located  on  his  farm  of 
twenty-seven  acres  on  Lake  LTnion,  which  he 
had  purchased  in  1865.  After  building  his 
residence  Mr.  Maggs  began  clearing  his  land  of 
brush  and  timber  preparatory  to  other  improve- 
ments. He  presented  ten  acres  of  his  purchase 
to  the  Seattle  &  Walla  Walla  Railroad  Com- 
pany, as  his  contribution  to  the  subsidy,  and  in 
1887  platted  ten  acres  for  building  purposes, 
known  as  the  Lake  Union  addition.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers,  and  is  still  president,  of 
the  Seattle  Dry  Dock  &  Ship  Building  Com- 
pany, who  elevite  their  vessels  by  a  marine 
railroad.  He  still  owns  valuable  property  on 
Lake  Union,  and  also  twenty  acres  of  choice 
bottom  land  at  Point  No  Point. 

Mr.  Maggs  was  married  at  Jersey  Shore, 
Pennsylvania,  in  October,  1873,  to  Miss  Caro- 
line Marshall,  a  native  of  that  place.  They 
have  three  children, — George,  Molly  and  John 
Marshall.  While  et  Neah  bay  Mr.  Maggs  rep- 
resented the  Republican  party  of  Clallam 
county  at  the  Territorial  Legislature,  but  since 
that  time  has  sought  no  public  office,  although 
he  is  a  stanch  believer  in  Republican  principles. 

BENNETT  W.  JOHNS,  dealer  in  wag- 
'  ons,  buggies,  farm  and  mill  machinery, 
'  etc.,  Olympia,  is  a  highly  respected  busi- 
ness man  of  this  city,  having  been  identified 
with  its  interests  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
was  born  in  Smith  county,  Tennessee,  in  1838. 
His  parents,  Bennett  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Suttle) 


HI  STOUT    OF    WASniNGTON. 


725 


Johns,  were  natives  of  the  same  State,  his 
father  being  engaged  in  farming  there  until 
1844.  At  that  time  the  Johns  family  moved 
to  Graves  county,  Kentucky,  where  they 
passed  one  year,  and  in  1845  removed  to  Scott 
county,  Missouri. 

In  1853  Mr.  Johns  started  foi-  Wasliington 
Territory,  his  outfit  comprising  two  wagons, 
eight  yoke  of  oxen,  two  yoke  of  cows,  and  other 
necessary  equipments.  His  family  included 
liis  wife,  nine  unmarried  children  and  one  mar- 
ried daughter  and  her  husband,  Alex.  Barnes, 
who  also  had  an  ox  team.  They  suffered  little 
from  Indian  depredations,  but  were  delayed  by 
sickness  and  the  subsi'quent  death  of  Mrs.  Johns 
and  Mrs.  Barnes,  wiiose  lonely  graves  were 
made  by  the  wayside.  The  rest  of  the  family 
landed  in  Walla  Walla  in  October,  and,  it  be- 
ing too  late  to  cross  the  Cascades  with  wagons, 
they  stored  their  effects,  purchased  horses  by 
barter,  and  set  out  for  Puget  Sound,  driving  a 
few  of  their  cattle.  They  were  caught  in  the 
snow  on  the  summit  of  the  mountains,  and  as 
all  their  supplies  gave  out  they  were  obliged  to 
kill  one  of  their  faithful  oxen  that  had  drawn 
them  across  the  plains.  Thus,  being  provided 
with  food,  they  reached  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains, where  tiiey  were  met  by  a  rescuing  party 
with  food  and  assistance,  and  they  finally 
reached  their  destination,  Seattle,  November  4, 
1853.  Here  they  passed  the  winter.  In  the 
spring  of  1854  Mr.  Johns  located  a  donation 
claim  nine  miles  from  Seattle,  and  at  once  be- 
gan the  work  of  improving,  renting  other  land 
for  immediate  support.  In  1855  he  sowed  a 
few  acres  of  wheat  on  his  own  claim.  When  it 
was  harvested  he,  with  others,  chartered  a  little 
scow,  and  by  sailing  and  rowing  carried  their 
wheat  to  Tumwater  to  be  ground,'  at  that  time 
the  only  mill  in  the  Territory  being  located 
there.  With  the  breaking  out  of  the  Indian 
war  in  the  fallof  1855,  Mr.  Johns  removed  his 
family  to  Seattle,  while  he  engaged  in  military 
service,  which  he  followed  nine  months.  After 
peace  was  declared,  he  continued  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits  on  his  farm. 

Bennett  W.  Johns  remained  with  his  father 
until  he  was  nineteen  years  old,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  about  one  year,  when  he  was  in  the 
Indian  war,  he  having  served  in  the  companies 
of  Captain  C.  C.  Hewitt  and  Captain  A.  A. 
Denny.  In  1858  he  went  to  Utsaladdy  and 
worked  in  a  sawmill  for  a  few  months.  Then 
he  went  to  the  Eraser  river  and  Cariboo  mines, 


where  he  was  engaged  in  mining  until  1864. 
That  year  he  returned  to  Victoria,  joined  a 
small  company,  built  boats,  and  with  proper 
supplies  and  equipments  started  for  the  head- 
waters of  Peace  river  on  a  prospecting  tour, 
which  resulted  in  fur  trading,  in  which  busiiie 


lie  was  engaged  until  the 


ipri 


of  1868.      He 


then  .leturned  to  Seattle  and  later  to  Tumwater. 
At  the  latter  place  he  engaged  with  his  brother- 
in-law.  W.  H.  Mitchell,  now  of  Portland,  in  the 
sawmill  business,  which  he  continued  for  about 
twelve  years,  and  after  that  turned  his  attention 
to  the  live-stock  business.  In  1884  he  came  to 
Olympia,  took  charge  of  the  agency  of  the  Mitch- 
ell &  Lewis  Company,  of  Portland,  dealers  in 
wagons,  buggies,  farming  implements  and  mill 
machinery,  and  in  this  business  he  has  contin- 
ued up  to  the  present  time.  He  still  owns  his 
fai-m  near  Olympia  and  has  other  valuable  prop- 
erty here. 

Mr.  Jolins  was  married  in  Olympia,  in  1872, 
to  Miss  Mary  Jane  Vertrees,  a  native  of  Illi- 
nois, and  they  have  one  child,  Ruth. 

Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.0.  F. 
and  the  A.  0.  U.  W.  While  in  Tumwater  he 
was  a  member  of  the  School  Board  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  and  served  two  tei-ms  as  City  Coun- 
cilman. 


AMES  M.  LIVELY,  President  of  the  Port 
'/-jj  Townsend  Steel  Wire  &  JSJail  Company, 
'"  '  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Ohio,  Oc- 
tober 29,  1852.  His  father,  Lorenzo  D.  Lively, 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  but  located  in  Jackson 
county,  about  1827,  where  he  followed  fanning. 
His  farm  of  280  acres  is  located  in  the  Hanging- 
Hock  iron  region,  and  coal  has  been  discovered 
there,  Avhich  has  been  successfully  developed 
and  is  being  worked  with  great  profit.  Mr. 
Lively  was  married,  in  Jackson  county,  to  Miss 
Eleanor  Russell,  a  native  of  that  county.  The 
Lively  family  are  of  German  extraction,  and  the 
first  of  that  name  in  America  emigrated  to  Vir- 
ginia about  1720.  They  were  tliere  connected 
with  the  first  furnace  in  the  manufacture  of  pig 
iron,  and  the  descendants  have  since  followed  the 
line  of  agriculturists. 

James  M.  Lively  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years 
began  school-teaching,  but  at  the  same  time 
also  continued  the  higher  branches  of  study  1)y 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


personal  effort  and  private  instructions,  spend- 
ing his  winters  in  teaching  and  liis  summers  on 
the  farm.  After  his  marriage  he  hjcated  at 
Wellston,  Jackson  county,  as  8uperinteudent  of 
Scliools.  Three  years  later  he  became  connect- 
ed witli  the  Milton  Furnace  &  Coal  Company, 
of  Wellston,  as  purchasing  agent,  also  in  charge 
of  the  coal  and  iron  mines,  and  continued  tliat 
occupation  until  the  fall  of  1884:.  Mr.  Lively 
was  then  elected  Sheriff  of  Jackson  county,  by 
the  Republican  party,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1886,  rnnning  800  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket.  In 
the  early  spring  of  1887,  with  others,  he  organ- 
ized the  Jackson  Steel  Company,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  managers  until  the 
works  were  sold,  in  the  fall  of  1889.  h\ 
August,  1888,  he  was  interested  in  thepurcJiase 
of  the  'Standard  and  Journal,  the  two  county 
papers,  also  organized  the  Standard-Journal 
Company,  of  which  he  served  as  acting  editor 
one  year,  or  until  the  paper  was  sold.  In  July, 
1889,  Mr.  Lively  I'emoved  to  Toledo,  Ohio, 
bought  an  interest  in  and  became  superintend- 
ent of  the  Toledo  JSIail  Company,  whicii  was 
sold  in  the  spring  of  1890.  He  then  served  as 
manager  of  the  JSIew  Philadelphia  Wire  lV: 
Nail  Company  until  resigning  his  position  in 
1892.  He  then  organized  the  Port  Townsend 
Steel  Wire  &  Nail  Company.  Mr.  Lively 
passed  the  summer  of  1892  at  Erie,  Pennsyl- 
vania, associated  with  George  Alexander  in 
superintending  the  building  of  the  machinerj 
for  the  Port  Townsend  factory,  which  was  con- 
structed by  the  Erie  City  Iron  AVorks.  In  the 
fall  of  the  latter  year  he  moved  his  family  to 
this  city,  where  they  now  i-eside. 

In  Jackson  county,  Ohio,  December  24, 1873, 
our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Louisa  B.  Backus,  a  native  of  that  county,  and 
her  parents  were  among  the  early  pioneers  of 
the  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lively  have  had  four 
children,  one  now  living,  Karl  Y.  He  is  a 
practical  machinist,  and  is  actively  engaged  in 
the  factory  of  the  Port  Townsend  Steel  Wire  & 
Nail  Company,  of  which  he  is  a  stockholder. 


THE  PORT  TOWNSEND  STEEL  WIRE 
AND  NAIL  COMPAN  Y.— Of  all  the  man- 
ufacturing  interests   located   at   the  Key 
City  of  Puget  Sound,  none  were  com- 
menced under  more  favorable  auspices  or  con- 


tinued with  brighter  promise  for  the  future 
than  the  enterprise  represented  by  the  above 
title.  The  investigations  which  led  to  the 
establishing  of  the  business  were  conducted  by 
James  M.  Lively,  a  practical  iron  manufacturer 
of  Oiiio,  who,  by  letter,  was  offered  induce- 
ments by  the  citizens  of  Port  Townsend,  and 
pursuant  to  that  letter  he  visited  the  Sound  dis- 
trict in  December,  1891.  After  duly  investi- 
gating the  resources  of  the  country,  the  facili- 
ties for  transportation,  and  tiie  nail  consumption 
of  the  coast,  he  agreed  that  if  the  citizens  of 
Port  Townsend  would  deed  a  proper  site  for  the 
factory  and  subscribe  $50,000  to  a  capital  stock 
of  ^?100,000,  to  be  fully  paid,  lie  would  organize 
a  company  and  erect  a  suitable  plant  for  the 
manufacture  of  steel  wire  and  nails.  He  then 
returned  to  Ohio.  In  February,  1892,  Mr. 
Lively  was  notified  that  the  land  had  been  se- 
cured and  the  stock  subscribed.  Meanwhile  he 
had  associated  with  himself  Mr.  Pugh,  A.  R. 
McLaughlin  and  George  Alexander,  all  practi- 
cal men.  Together  they  arranged  plans  for 
the  factory  and  location  of  the  necessary  ma- 
chinery. 

Messrs.  McLaughlin  &  Pugh  came  to  Port 
Townsend  March  28,  1892,  and  engaged  at  once 
in  erecting  the  factory  and  warehouse,  100  x  312 
feet,  on  Jefferson  street,  between  Lincoln  and 
Colfax  streets,  with  a  wharf  850  feet  long,  run- 
ning to  deep  water  on  Port  Townsend  bay. 
Meanwhile  Messrs.  Lively  and  Alexander  had 
proceeded  to  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and  arranged 
with  the  Erie  City  Iron  Works  to  construct  the 
required  machinery,  under  their  superintend- 
ence and  direction.  The  contract  amounted  to 
about  $60,000,  and  the  entire  plant  weighed 
200  tons.  After  completing  and  loading  the 
machinery  on  fourteen  cars,  Messi's.  Lively  and 
Alexander  came  to  Port  Townsend,  arriving  in 
October,  1892,  and,  with  building  completed, 
the  machinery  was  put  in  place  as  fast  as  it  ar- 
rived, the  entire  management  being  in  accord- 
ance with  their  preconceived  plans.  The  engines 
and  machinery  were  set  in  motion  December 
25,  1892,  and  the  nail  machinery  was  fully  set 
February  10,  1893,  but  operation  was  delayed 
until  about  March  15,  same  year,  for  want  of 
material.  The  plant  embraces  fifty  nail  ma- 
ciiines,  conveniently  adjusted  to  economize  la- 
bor, and  with  a  capacity  of  -100  kegs,  of  varying 
size,  every  ten  hours.  Steel  rods  for  wire  and 
nails  ai-e  purchased  at  (Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  also 
imported    direct    from    Belgium.     They    also 


BISTORT    OF    Wj:\SH1NOT0N. 


mauufacture  copper  and  steel  wires  of  uierchant- 
able  sizes.  TLiey  liave  facilities  for  galvanizing 
pipe,  sheet  iron  and  nails,  also  a  brass  foundry 
of  4,000  pounds  capacity,  and  an  iron  foundry 
with  all  modern  improvements  and  a  capacity 
of  fifteen  tons  daily.  The  machine  sliopissup 
plied  with  the  latest  impro\ed  lathes,  planers, 
drills  and  forgini^  liammers,  and  the  keg  fac- 
tory embraces  modern  saws  and  planers  for  the 
I'apid  completion  of  work.  Tliey  have  experi- 
enced machinists  in  ev^ery  department;  the  corps 
including  assistants,  numbers  eighty  hands. 
The  managers,  consisting  of  James  M.  Lively, 
President;  A.  11.  McLanglilin,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer;  George  Ale.xander,  Superintendent, 
give  personal  supervision  to  all  matters  of  de- 
tail, and,  being  efficient,  energetic  men,  can 
not  but  carry  the  enterprise  to  a  glorious  con- 
clusion. 


^THf)  EV.  JOHN   RODDICK  THOMPSON, 
l^v^     D.  D.,  is  one  of  the  best  known  clergy- 
J    ^   men  and  philanthropists  of  Washington. 
■/  His'  ancestors    were   active    among   the 

stirring  events  on  the  Scottish  border  tive  hun- 
dred years  ago.  The  family  traditions  give  one 
of  them  the  honor  of  being  dubbed  a  Knight, 
by  King  Pobert  Bruce,  for  distinguished  skill 
and  courage  on  the  bloody  field  of  Bannock- 
burn.  That  prince  of  pulj)it  orators.  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Irving,  the  friend  of  Thomas  Carlyle,  had 
a  place  on  the  family  tree.  The  father  and  both 
grandfathers  of  our  subject  were  Scottish 
Presbyterian  Ruling  Elders. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in  En- 
gland, while  his  parents  were  on  their  way  to 
Prince  Edward  Island,  half  a  century  ago. 
Wrecked  upon  the  shores  of  his  new  home,  he 
grew  to  manhood,  and  was  inured  to  the  trials 
and  hardships  incident  to  early  settlement  in  a 
rigorous  climate.  At  the  age  of  twelve  years 
duty  called  him  to  constant  manual  labor  on  the 
farm  and  in  the  grain  and  woolen  mills,  owned 
by  his  father,  who  gave  ten  children  to  the 
world's  population.  He  early  manifested  a  love 
for  reading,  and  at  twenty-one  years  of  age  was 
almost  as  well  acquainted  with  current  literature, 
British  history  and  Scottish  theology,  as  the 
majority  of  college  graduates.  The  knowledge 
that  it  was  possible  for  him  to  obtain  a  uni- 
versity education  was  reached  too  late  it  life,  to 


secure  the  full  preparation  for  an  undergraduate, 
but  industry  was  pressed  into  the  source  of  de- 
ficiency, and  he  graduated  at  Queen's  Univer- 
sity, in  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1865,  with  honor, 
being  the  only  graduate  of  his  class  who  that 
year  secured  two  first  prizes.  His  classmates 
nominated  him  to  deliver  the  valedictory  ora- 
tion, and  the  University  Alma-mater  Soi-iety, 
elected  him  the  senior  of  its  six  \'iiT  I'rcsi- 
dents.  In  that  society  were  many  distingni>.hrd 
Canadians,  including  the  late  Right  Honorable 
Sir  John  A.  McDonald. 

Dr.  Thompson  took  his  full  three  years'  theo- 
logical curriculum  in  the  same  University,  com- 
pleting his  studies  and  taking  his  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  in  1858.  In  June,  of  that  year, 
he  was  licensed  to  preach,  although  he  had  been 
doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist  in  connection 
with  his  college  studies  for  five  years  before 
this  time.  He  took  his  first  charge  in  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  ordained  as  a  minis- 
ter in  connection  with  the  Scottish  established 
kirk  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year.  His  de- 
sire to  become  a  missionary  on  the  frontier,  or 
in  a  foreign  field,  where  preachers  of  the  Gospel 
were  more  needed  than  in  his  old  home,  was 
gratified  in  1870  by  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  little  Presbyterian  Church  of  Olympia. 
Washington  Territory.  The  journey  at  that 
ime  was  not  the  palace-car  arrangement  of  to- 
day, but  after  traveling  about  a  month  on  rail- 
roads, steamboats,  stages,  and  on  foot,  he  ar- 
rived in  that  city  July  8,  1870.  He  found 
awaiting  his  occupation  a  plain  little  house  of 
worship,  owned  by  a  small  company  of  earnest 
Christian  people.  This  pastorate  lasted  without 
interruption  for  over  thirteen  years,  and  during 
that  time  a  number  of  men,  holding  pniniineiit 
positions,  (some  of  them  men  of  national  i-tpii^ 
tation)  were  attendants  upon  the  Presliytfriun 
services.  Dr.  Thompson  won  for  himself  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ripest  scholars, 
ablest  preachers  and  most  energetic  missionaries 
in  the  Territory  of  Washington.  The  biennial 
meetings  of  the  Legislature,  and  the  sessions  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  in  the  capital  city,  brought 
him  into  contact  with  many  leading  citizens  of 
the  Territory,  nearly  all  of  whom  became  his 
warm  personal  friends,  even  when  they  did  not 
assent  to  his  ideas  upon  temperance,  religion 
and  other  subjects. 

Besides  caring  for  the  church  of  Olympia, 
Dr.  Thompson  pushed  into  various  parts  of  the 
Territory,  often  traveling  hundreds  of  miles  by 


^28 


HiafOET    OF    WASHINGTON. 


canoe  and  saddle,  in  his  missionary  tours.  He 
rode  on  horse-back  through  the  Cascade  nionn- 
tains  four  times;  and  over  mucli  of  eastern 
Washington  and  northern  Idaho  before  the 
advent  of  the  railroads.  Many  of  these  trips 
were  in  times  of  danger  from  savages  on  the  war 
patli.  On  one  occasion  his  life  was  saved  only 
by  the  prompt  intervention  of  an  old  and 
friendly  Indian  chief.  An  iron  constitution, 
which  never  seemed  to  know  fatigue,  made  a 
horse- back  ride  of  forty  or  fifty  miles,  on  rough 
roads  and  trails,  with  a  sermon  or  lecture  at  the 
close  of  it,  only  a  mild  day's  work.  He  estab- 
tablished  more  than  a  score  of  Presbyterian 
churches  in  tlie  counties  of  Lewis,  Chehalis, 
Thurston,  Pierce,  King,  Snohomish,  Skamania, 
"VVhatcom,  Cowlitz,  Clarke,  Pacilic,  Kittitass, 
Yakiuja,  Klickitat,  etc.  One  leading  newspaper 
of  Puget  Sound  publislied  the  idea  that  his 
zeal,  industry  and  ability  would  soon  make  him 
a  Cardinal,  if  he  were  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church.  In  the  Presbyterian  Church,  it  gave 
him  the  privilege  of  preaching  the  opening 
sermons,  and  presiding  at  the  birth  of  the  two 
Columbian  and  Washington  synods;  of  being 
several  times  Moderator;  of  being  twice  elected 
Synodical  missionary;  and  filling  the  ofhce  of 
chairman  of  the  important  committee  on  Home 
Missions  for  over  seventeen  consecutive  years. 
He  has  recently  been  elected  pastor  at  large  by 
Olyrapia  Presbytery.  He  has  four  times  rep- 
resented his  Presbytery  in  the  General  As- 
sembly. In  many  other  ways,  his  bretheren 
have  shown  their  contidence  in  his  wisdom  and 
ability,  and  their  gratitude  for  the  work  he  has 
done,  as  a  pioneer  missionary  of  the  Gospel. 
The  Territorial  (now  State)  University  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity in  1886.  He  was  a  Director  of  the  San 
Francisco  TLeological  Seminary,  when  the  di- 
vision of  the  synod  of  the  Columbia  disquali- 
fied him  for  further  service  in  that  capacity. 

Dr.  Thompson  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  of  Washington  Ter- 
ritory, of  which  he  was  Senior  Vice-President, 
and  for  a  time  acting  President.  He  served  a 
number  of  sessions  as  Chaplain  of  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature,  and  exerted  a  strong  "  third 
house  "  influence  in  favor  of  legislation  to  pro- 
mote temperance  morality.  He  also  assisted 
with  tongue,  pen,  and  personal  influence  in  se- 
curing the  abolition  by  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, of  that  relic  of  barbarism,  the  contract 
system,  of  caring  for  the  insane.     In  the  early 


days  of  Territorial  history,  the  school  law  was 
little  better  than  no  law  at  all.  Dr.  Thompson 
entered  the  educational  held,  and  for  six  con- 
secutive years  was  School  Superintendent  of 
Thurston  county.  He  was  also  appointed  by 
Governor  W.  A.  Kewell  a  member  of  the  Ter- 
ritorial Board  of  Education,  and  was  one  of  the 
committee  who  drafted  the  excellent  school  law, 
which,  in  spite  of  many  attempted  amendments 
still  forms  the  foundation  of  the  Washington 
School  for  Defective  Youth,  and  was  appointed 
by  Governor  (now  United  States  Senator)  Wat- 
son C.  Squire  a  member  of  the  flrst  Board  of 
Trustees.  He  was  subsequently  re-appointed 
by  Governor  Ferry  to  this  same  office.  His 
neighbors  give  him  credit  for  having  been  the 
means  of  securing  the  permanent  location  of 
this  institution  in  Clarke  county,  and  otherwise 
doing  influential  work,  toward  the  erection  of 
the  magnificent  buildings,  which  now  stand 
upon  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia,  a  monu- 
ment of  public  philantliropy,  and  of  the  wisdom 
wliich  directed  it  into  this  particular  channel. 
Nearly  one  hundred  deaf,  mute,  blind  and 
feeble-minded  children  were  pupils  of  this  in- 
stitution last  year  (1892). 

An  early  convert  to  the  principle  of  woman's 
right  to  an  equal  share  in  the  government  un- 
der which  she  lives,  and  always  a  Proliibition- 
ist  in  principle  Dr.  Thompson  was,  contrary  to 
his  own  protest,  nominated  by  the  Republican 
advocates  of  these  principles,  and  in  due  time 
elected  to  represent  the  counties  of  Clarke,  Cow- 
litz and  Lewis,  in  the  upper  chamber  of  the 
last  Legislature  of  the  old  Territorial  regime, 
which  met  in  December,  1887,  and  adjourned 
in  February,  1888.  Of  this  body  he  became 
President,  after  an  exciting  contest  and  "  dead 
lock,"  by  the  unanimous  choice  of  both  the  old 
political  parties.  As  President  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Council,  he  was  noted  for  the  moderation 
and  flrmness  with  which  he  opposed  extremes 
in  legislation.  The  woman's  suffrage  and 
local  option  laws,  previously  enacted,  were  de- 
clared unconstitutional  by  the  Territorial  Su- 
preme Court.  Under  Dr.  Thompson's  leader- 
ship these  laws  were  re-enacted,  with  some 
changes  in  the  direction  of  greater  security,  not- 
witlistanding  the  opposition  of  imported  judges 
who  were  determined  that  such  laws  could  not 
and  should  not  be  constitutional,  no  matter 
how  carefully  framed.  The  discussions  upon 
these  and  other  questions,  in  which  the  Presi- 
dent of    the    upper   house    took   a   prominent 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


part,  made  that  last  Legislature  of  the  old 
Wasliiugton  Territorial  regime,  the  most  noted 
of  all  the  pioneer  asseiiihlies  of  the  people's 
representatives. 

Dr.  Thompson  has  persistently  declined  dur- 
ing the  last  six  years,  to  become  a  candidate 
for  any  political  office  alleging  that  he  was  too 
busy  preaching  the  gospel,  etc.,  to  become  a 
candidate  for  any  political  office,  except  that  of 
Chaplain  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, to  which  he  was  elected.  But  durirg  the 
summer  of  1892,  he  received  the  unanimous 
indorsement  of  the  Republicans  of  the  three 
counties  of  Skamania,  Clarke  and  Cowlitz  for 
Lieutenant  Governor.  The  nomination  of  a 
Governor  from  Seattle,  sent  the  Lieutenant 
Governorship  over  the  mountains,  by  the  force 
of  geographical  jwlitics.  Dr.  Thompson  would 
not,  under  the  circumstances,  permit  his  friends 
to  present  his  name  to  the  convention.  It  has 
not  been  the  privilege  of  many  men  to  coin- 
press  into  less  than  half  a  century,  so  much,  and 
such  a  variety  of  work,  as  has  been  done  by 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  is  still  in  the 
prime  of  life  and  may  have  much  more  and 
greater  work  yet  to  perform.  A  detailed  his- 
tory of  his  e.xpei'ience  during  the  old  pioneer 
days  would  furnish  very  interesting  reading  for 
the  boys  and  girls  of  the  Evergreen  State,  iifty 
years  hence;  and  such  a  history  he  has  planned 
and  partly  prepared. 


ELIHU    L.   WOOD   whose  enterprise  has 
been  very  material  in  developing  thelive- 
1   stock   industry   in    the   Northwest,    was 

born  at  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  in  August,  1840. 
His  parents,  Milo  and  Elizabeth  A.  (Telford) 
"Wood,  were  natives  of  North  Carolina  and 
Tennesse.  respectively,  and  of  English  and 
Scotch  ancestry,  Milo  Wood  was  reared  upon 
the  farm,  and  about  1824  moved  to  Vandalia, 
Illinois,  when  the  Indians  and  bufialoes  were 
running  wild  upon  the  plains.  St.  Louis  was 
tlie  nearest  trading  post:  consequently  the  set- 
tlers relied  chiefly  upon  wild  game  for  subsist- 
ence. Mr.  Wood,  altliough  a  saddler  by  trade, 
engaged  in  farming,  and  in  a  short  time  removed 
to  Jacksonville,  and  there  conducted  his  saddlery 
business  and  acquired  large  lauded  interests, 
remaining  till  1845,  ti)en  removed  to  Peters- 
burg, and  there  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life. 


Elihu  L.,  next  to  the  youngest  of  the  ten 
children  in  tjje  above  i'amily,  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Petersburg  and  at  Asbury 
University  at  Greencastle,  Indiana.  Being  a 
delicate  lad,  the  conlinement  of  study  was  too 
severe,  and  in  1856  he  joined  his  brother, 
Whitfield  T.,  and  with  a  herd  of  cattle  started 
for  California;  l)ut  because  of  Indian  troubles 
they  stnpjiLMl  in  Nebraska,  and  there  sold  their 
stock  and  passed  about  two  years.  During  the 
Bike's  Beak  mining  excitement  they  spent  two 
years  in  the  mining  district,  but  without 
knowledge  or  experience  their  efforts  proved  a 
failure,  and  in  1800  they  went  to  Omaha  and 
secured  a  prairie  outfit,  and  in  1861  completed 
their  journey  to  California,  duly  arriving  at 
Stockton.  They  then  followed  wheat  farming 
and  the  rearing  of  live-stock  in  Sonoma  county 
until  1866,  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
started  for  British  Columbia  to  the  Big  Bend 
on  the  Columbia  river,  to  investigate  the  mining 
interests,  which  proving  a  failure,  he  boarded 
the  little  steamer  •'  49  "  and  came  to  Colville, 
bought  ponies  there  and  proceeded  to  Walla 
Walla,  where  he  engaged  in  the  live-stock  Imsi- 
ness,  and  was  among  the  pioneei-  drovers  to  take 
herds  of  cattle  and  sheep  to  the  mining  canips 
of  Montana  and  Nevada,  supplying  Government 
posts  and  private  parties. 

In  1876  Mr.  Wood  met  Mr.  Edward  Blnttt 
at  Elko,  Nevada,  a  drover  of  extended  experi- 
ence with  Texas  cattle,  became  connected  iu 
business,  and,  with  hiu),  they  began  an  exten- 
sive business  in  the  purchase  of  cattle  and 
horses  in  the  region  from  Utah  to  the  Pacific 
ocean  and  throughout  the  Northwest,  buying 
annually  from  2,500  to  12,000  head,  which 
they  sold  in  Eastern  markets.  The  cattle  busi- 
ness became  somewhat  depressed  in  1880,  and 
in  1881  Mr.  William  Evans  entered  the  tirm, 
which  became  Bluett,  Wood  &  Evans,  and  they 
were  pioneers  in  promoting  the  industry  of 
purchasing  mutton  sheep  in  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington, driving  to  Nebraska,  tliere  fattening 
and  thence  shipping  to  Chicago  for  market.  In 
1881  they  handled  20.000  head,  and,  finding  the 
occupation  so  profitable,  they  increased  their 
annual  purchases  until  1886,  in  wliich  year  they 
iiandled  110,000  head,  which  was  the  acme  of 
the  enterprise,  as  thereafter  the  trade  changed, 
and  in  1888  they  closed  tlie  business,  but  con- 
tinued their  partnership  interests. 

Messrs.  Bluett  and  Wood  then  came  to  Se- 
attle, where  they  have  engaged  extensively   iq 


BISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


real  estate,  their  first  purchase  being  the  Denny 
&  Hoyt  addition  of  217  acres,  now  known  as 
Fremont,  which  was  built  up  and  developed 
through  their  enterprise  in  subsidizing  street 
railroads  and  milling  interests.  They  have  also 
other  property  interests  about  the  city  of  Se- 
attle; and  the  Bluett  Gold  Mining  Company  in 
Kittitass  county,  with  a  forty-stamp  mill  in 
operation,  is  evidence  of  their  public  spirit  and 
enterprise  in  developing  the  mineral  interests 
of  the  Northwest. 


FAUL  PAULSON,  one  of  the  pioneer  fur- 
niture manufactui-ers  of  Seattle,  was  born 
in  Norway,  in  April,  1843.  In  1856  he 
emigrated  with  his  parents  to  the  United 
States,  settling  at  LaCrosse,  Wisconsin,  where 
the  father  homesteaded  a  farm,  and  spent  the 
remainder  of  iiis  life  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
Our  subject  improved  the  educational  advan- 
tages of  the  country  until  1863,  when  he  started 
in  life  for  self-support,  and,  going  to  New 
York,  secured  passage  by  the  Panama  route  for 
California. 

After  arriving  in  San  Francisco  Mr.  Paulson 
passed  one  year  at  ranching  near  Vallejo,  next 
followed  lumbering  in  Lake  county  three  years, 
and  then,  with  two  associates,  built  a  flour  mill 
at  Lower  Lake,  Lake  county,  which  was  suc- 
cessfully operated  for  two  years.  He  then  sold ' 
his  interest  in  the  mill,  returned  on  a  visit  to 
his  parents,  but,  soon  becoming  dissatisfied  with 
tlie  country,  again  came  to  California.  In  1870 
he  came  to  Seattle,  Washington,  but  business 
being  dull  there  he  found  little  to  occupy  his 
time  during  the  first  year,  and  then  received 
employment  as  commjssary  for  surfcying  par- 
ties of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

Two  years  later  Mr.  Paulson  returned  to 
Seattle,  spent  one  year  in  teaming  about  the 
city,  and  in  the  fall  of  1874  purchased  an  inter- 
est with  George  W.  Hall  in  the  manufacture  of 
furniture  and  house  furnishing  materials.  With 
the  growth  of  the  city  the  business  of  the  fac- 
tory increased,  and,  to  meet  the  necessity  of  in- 
creasing facilities,  in  1883  they  incorporated  as 
the  Hall  &  Paulson  Furniture  Company,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  §100,000.  They  then  improved 
their  factory,  and  built  a  small  mill  at  the  head 
of  the  bay,  where  all  lumber  could  be  sawed 
from  the  logs,  previous  to  that  time  it  having 


produced  at  extravagant  prices.  The  business 
rapidly  increased  to  the  employment  of  seventy 
hands.  At  that  time  the  failure  of  Henry  Vil- 
lard  brought  on  a  period  of  depression,  and  dull 
times  followed  until  confidence  was  again  re- 
stored. Prosperity  again  attended  the  factory 
until  the  great  fire  of  June,  1889,  when  every- 
thing was  burned,  suffering  a  loss  of  about 
$55,000.  The  factory  was  located  on  Com- 
mercial street,  between  King  and  Charles 
streets,  and  after  the  fire  the  property,  be- 
ing tide  land,  was  re-piled  and  planked,  and 
then  leased  for  manufacturing  and  other  pur- 
poses. The  company  held  the  title  to  the 
property,  and  have  since  purchased  many  of 
the  buildings  erected  thereon.  After  the  fire 
Mr.  Paulson  did  not  re-enter  business,  as  his 
health  was  seriously  shattered  by  his  previous 
life  of  labor  and  hardships.  His  time  has 
since  been  employed  in  looking  after  the 
property  which  he  had  acc^uired.  He  built  his 
present  home  at  1012  Main  street  in  1884, 
when  the  forests  bordered  his  property  on  the 
east,  and  at  that  time  there  was  no  residence  be- 
tween his  property  and  Lake   Washington. 

Mr.  Paulson  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1876, 
to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Hutchinson,  a  native  of  Illi- 
nois. They  have  three  children, — Gilbert  H., 
Ida  M.  and  Harry  L)., — all  actively  engaged  in 
acquiring  an  education,  as  stepping-stones  to 
positions  of  trust  and  influence. 


-^^« 


^•7^— 


EDWARD  B.    BARTHROP,  the  success 
ful  and  popular  druggist  of  Port  Town- 

'  send,  was  born  in  this  city,  July  15, 1868, 

a  son  of  George  and  Eliza  (Batting)  Barthrop, 
natives  of  London,  England.  The  father  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States  in  1847,  landing  at 
New  York  city,  and  while  there  enlisted  for 
the  Mexican  war.  In  1856,  by  the  Panama 
route,  he  came  to  California,  immediately  pro- 
ceeded to  the  mines,  and  in  1856  started  for 
the  P'raser  river  country,  but  after  a  short  ex- 
perience there  returned  and  located  in  Port 
Townsend.  Mr.  Barthrop  was  married  in  San 
Francisco,  in  1859,  to  Miss  Eliza  Batting. 
After  returning  to  this  city  he  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits,  which  he  continued  until  his 
death,  in  June,  1884,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three 
years.  He  left  a  widow  and  seven  children,  all 
of  whom  still  survive.      Mr.  Barthrop  was  an 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


enterprising  developer  of  real  estate,  having 
erected  the  Maples  and  other  business  houses, 
and  also  several  tenement  houses.  He  was  a 
man  of  good  judgement  and  strict  integrity, 
and  through  his  successful  investments  accumu- 
lated a  competency. 

Edward  B.  Barthrop,  the  foui-th  in  the  order 
of  birth  of  his  parents'  seven  children,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  Port  Townsend  and  at 
the  University  of  California.  In  1884  he  en- 
tered the  drug  store  of  R.  K.  Latimer,  of  this 
city,  where  he  spent  five  years  in  the  study  of 
pharmacy.  In  1889  he  began  a  course  of  study- 
in  the  California  College  of  Pharmacy,  at  San 
Francisco,  passed  the  examinations,  and  entered 
into  the  employ  of  liuffin  &  Turpin,  of  Port 
Townsend,  who  had  succeeded  Mr.  Latimer. 
After  six  months  there  Mr.  Barthrop  purchased 
a  half  interest  in  the  store,  and  the  firm  Ijecame 
Rutfin  &  Barthi-(ip.  One  year  later  he  sue-, 
ceeded  to  the  entire  business,  which  he  has 
since  continued  alone.  Mr.  Barthropalso  owns 
200  acres  of  land  in  the  Chincum  valley,  which 
emi)races  Lake  Surprise,  a  lake  well  stocked 
with  trout  and  a  pleasant  resort  for  camping 
parties.  About  forty  acres  of  the  tract  is  under 
a  fine  state  of  cultivation,  and  he  is  developing 
a  large  orchard  of  mixed  fruits.  Mr.  Barthrop 
also  owns  property  in  the  city  of  Port  Town- 
send.  In  his  social  relations  he  affiliates  with 
tlie  Independent  Order  of  Foresters,  but  he 
finds  his  greatest  amusement  with  the  rod  and 
gun,  ill  the  handling  of  which  he  is  quite  an 
expert. 


--^^ 


^^^- 


d  I  AMES  BOYD,  deceased,  was  a  native  of 
I  the  South  and  was  born  on  June  12,  1830. 
-y  He  was  the  son  of  Hugh  and  Mary  (Dud- 
ley) Boyd.  His  parents  located  in  Indiana 
about  fourteen  miles  from  Indianapolis,  where 
he  remained  until  twenty  years  of  age,  when  he 
left  home  and  went  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Sig- 
ourney.  From  there  he  went  to  Missouri  and 
worked  for  two  years,  when  he  came  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  locating  in  Polk  county.  The 
next  four  years  he  spent  in  Monmouth,  Dallas, 
Brownsville,  and  in  King's  Valley,  and  in  1868 
removed  to  Washington-  After  renting  a 
number  of  places,  he  finally  moved  to  the  home- 
stead where  Mrs.  Boyd  now  resides.  This  place 
was  then  rough  and  a  dense  undero-rowth  cov- 


ered all  the  land  except  six  acres.  There  are 
now  120  acres  cleared  in  the  place,  of  which 
fifteen  are  devoted  to  hops. 

Mr.  Boyd  was  married  in  Dallas,  Polk  county, 
Oregon,  on  December  25,  1864,  to  Miss  Joanna 
Hughes,  a  native  of  Warren  county,  Missouri, 
a  daughter  of  A.  S.  and  Sarah  (Wyatt)  Hughes. 
Her  parents  came  across  the  plains  in  1864  and 
fell  in  with  the  same  party  to  which  Mr.  Boyd 
was  joined,  and  continued  the  journey  together, 
settling  in  the  same  county  in  Oregon,  where 
they  lived  also  for  four  years.  They  finally  re- 
moved to  Washington,  near  Slaughter. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyd  iiave  had  five  children, 
viz.:  Alexander  Hugh;  Elizabeth  Pinckney, 
wife  of  Clement  V.  Yochridge;  James  S.,  David 
R.  and  Harry  O. 

Mr.  Boyd  died  on  March  7,  1893,  leaving  an 
unsullied  reputation  behind  him.  He  was 
charitable  in  a  quiet  way,  and  was  prone  to  hide 
his  good  deeds  rather  than  have  them  talked 
about  by  even  Ids  most  intimate  friends. 


I^yif  HARWOOD  Vol  NO,  one  of  the 
V'l  active  and  enterprising  developers  of 
Seattle,  was  born  at  Oroton,  Massa- 
chusetts, September  21,  1846,  a  son  of 
Lemuel  D.  and  Elizabeth  (Marston)  Young,  na- 
tives of  Plymouth,  New  Hampshire,  where 
their  ancestors  settled  in  the  early  part  of  tiie 
eighteenth  century.  Shortly  after  the  birth  of 
our  subject  his  parents  returned  to  New  Hamp- 
shire, settling  in  Manchester,  where  bis  father 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business. 

Mr.  Younn-.  of  this  nntic-.  attended  the  schools 
of  Manchesti'i-,  .-11111  |irc|,artMl  fur  ccillege  at  the 
New  Hampshire  Coiiferenre  Seniiiiarv,  at  Til- 
ton.  At  the  call  for  additional  troops,  in  1863, 
he  became  imbued  with  patriotism,  and  enlisted 
in  the  Eighth  -New  Hampshire  Infantry.  Duly 
arriving  at  the  front,  the  regiment  was  mount- 
ed, and  accompanied  General  N.  P.  Banks  on 
his  famous  Red  river  campaign.  Subsequently 
Mr.  Young  became  Regimental  Clerk,  under 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Flanders,  and  while  actively 
engaged  in  a  fight  near  Natciiez,  Mississippi, 
received  a  saber  wound,  the  scar  of  which  he 
still  carries. 

After  the  close  of  the  struggle  he  returned  to 
Ins  home,  and  shortly  afterward  accepted  a 
clerkship  in  a  wholesale  dry-goods  store  in  BoSr 


U I  STOUT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


ton.  In  1868  Mr.  Young  started  westward. 
At  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  he  and  a  friend  pur- 
chased twelve  horses,  one  barouche,  three  prairie 
schooners  and  four  light  wagons,  and  at  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  they  secured  the  services  of 
three  men  to  help  them  cross  the  plains  to 
California.  They  went  by  the  Smoky  Hill 
route,  and  were  attacked  by  Lidians  on  the 
plains,  who  stole  all  their  horses  excepting  one 
small  pony.  The  party  pushed  ahead  from  sta- 
tion to  station  to  Denver,  Colorado,  and  theiice, 
by  stage  and  rail,  they  duly  arrived  in  San 
Francisco. 

After  a  two-weeks'  sojourn  Mr.  Young  re- 
turned to  Boston,  secured  a  position  in  the 
auditor's  department  of  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri Railroad,  with  headquarters  at  Burlington, 
Iowa,  but  in  1872  returned  to  Massachusetts,  to 
accept  the  position  of  cashier  of  the  Boston 
Manufacturing  Company,  located  at  Waltham, 
and  proprietors  of  the  first  cotton  mill  built  in 
the  State.  He  continued  as  their  cashier  and 
confidential  man  for  a  period  of  eighteen  years, 
and  during  that  time  was  also  one  of  the  active 
business  men  of  Waltham.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Waltham  Co-operative  Bank, 
of  which  he  was  the  first  Secretary  and  Treas- 
urer, continuing  in  that  position  two  years,  when 
the  volume  of  business  demanded  more  time 
than  he  could  spare,  and  he  then  served  as  di- 
rector. Mr.  Young  also  assisted  in  organizing 
the  electric  light  system,  of  which  he  became  a 
director,  and  after  its  consolidation  with  the 
Waltham  Gas  Light  Company, still  continued  in 
that  position.  After  the  incorporation  of  the 
city  of  Waltham,  in  1884,  Mr.  Young  was  elect- 
ed a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  Aldermen, 
which  position  he  held  two  years,  and  then  de- 
clined a  renomination.  He  then  served  three 
years  as  chairman  of  the  Sinking  Fund  Com- 
mission. 

In  July,  1889,  Mr.  Young  visited  Seattle  and 
the  Sound  district,  returned  to  Waltham  to 
sever  his  connection  with  the  corporation,  and 
assisted  in  organizing  the  New  England  ISTorth- 
western  Investment  Company,  witli  the  eastern 
office  in  Boston,  and  the  western  ofiice  in  Seattle. 
In  January,  1890,  Mr.  Young  came  to  Seattle, 
as  general  manager.  The  purpose  of  the  com- 
pany is  to  buy  and  improve  business  and  resi- 
dent property,  and  to  make  investments  on  first 
mortgages.  Eastlake  and  Beacon  Hill  additions 
are  among  theii'  developments,  besides  many  in- 
dividual lots  in  and  about  the  city.    Mr.  Young 


is  also  Yice- President,  Trustee  and  a  stockholder 
in  the  James  Street  Construction  Company, 
builders  of  the  Union  Trunk  Line  system  of 
street  railroads,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  Metropoli- 
tan Land  Company. 

Mr.  Young  is  thoroughly  imbued  with  that 
spirit  of  enterprise  so  significant  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Seattle,  and  has  already  attained  a  posi- 
tion of  trust  and  confidence  among  her  most 
representative  citizens. 


|V\/rf  ATTHIAS    SrURGEOX  was  born    in 
I|V(  1     ^^^^^^  county,  Iowa,  on  the  22d  of  April, 
J       IJ    1838.     His  parent  were  Elias  and  Jane 
■€/  (Likens)  Spurgeon;   the   former   was  a 

native  of  Ohio,  but  of  Irish  extraction;  the  lat- 
ter was  also  born  in  the  Buckeye  State.  The 
fatlier  was  a  farmer  and  went  to  Iowa  in  1830, 
and  settled  in  Cedar  county  close  to  Muscatine, 
where  Matthias  was  reared  to  the  age  of  four- 
teen, when,  his  parents  having  both  died,  he 
i-emoved  to  Oregon  with  his  uncle,  making  the 
journey  by  the__old  eniigrant  route,  via  Fort 
Laramie,  following  the  north  side  of  the  Platte 
to  the  Dalles,  and  down  the  Columbia  river,  the 
families  going  down  the  river  in  canoes  with 
the  Indians  and  the  men  of  the  party  driving 
the  cattle  on  the  trail.  Tliey  went  to  Vancouver, 
Washington,  where  Mr.  Spurgeon  lived  first 
with  William  Hendrickson  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Williainetteand  the  next  spring  went  to  work  for 
his  neighbor,  William  Dillon,  and  remained  with 
him  until  he  was  twenty-two  years  old,  when  he 
took  a  four  months'  trip  through  the  mining 
country  of  Idaho.  He  then  returned  and  went 
to  work  for  Mr.  Dillon,  but  the  next  spring 
went  east  of  the  mountains  and  freighted  from 
the  Dalies  to  Wallula  and  from  there  to  Lewis- 
town,  Idaho,  for  the  remainder  of  the  season. 
He  went  back  that  fall  and  remained  most  of  the 
winter  with  Dillon  and  the  next  spring  rented 
the  Petrand  land  claim  and  has  been  there  ever 
since.  In  1865  he  bought  a  portion  of  this 
property  and  in  1874  the  remainder  of  the  tract, 
which  in  all  includes  280  acres.  He  has  mostly 
pasture  and  meadow. 

Mr.  Spurgeon  was  married  here  on  October 
21,  1877,  to  Miss  Olive  Dillon,  a  daughter  of 
Jeremiah  and  Iloxy  (Brooks)  Dillon.  She  was 
born  in  Oregon,  near  Portland.  They  have  four 
children,  viz.:  Ella  Ann,  Mary  Jane,  John  an(l 
Matthias. 


J 


Ml,  Spurge.' 
!nit  takes  no  ai' 
lueinber  of  the 
and  was  Treasn 

He  is  the  old 
in  this  par'     ' 
seen  maiiv 
CMn3C.  hr 


J 


the  city's   growtii,  ^  ■    i-mk     i-.    iit-r 
on  a  sonnd  basis,  and  ro  develop  her 
interests.      It  's  th'-fforo  nrpropr-   ■ 
orable  men: 
and  it  is   -i 


)pointed    by   Governor 
il)erof  the  Territorial 
I    in   that   capacity    lie 
tlie    combination    of 
>o\  books,  and  secured 
<^i  for  tlie  old  free  of 
as   Chairman    of  the 
e  city,  and    while  act- 
ot  a   project  to  erect 
n   the  modern  system 
lation  in  place  of  the 
in  use.     As  Probate 
pproved   by   both  the 
,  and   in  1878   he  was 
Politically,  he  became 
of    the    Democratic 
e  was  the  nominee  of 
(ingress,  but.  althono-h 
imeiitai'v  vote,  he  was 
iv;^-e    Uepublican    ma- 
,  not  been  a  candidate 
)e()ple,   although  con- 
interest  in    political 
1  active  part  in  public 
in  no  sense  neglected 
he  has   been   most  en- 
While    conducting  a 
tion  of  late  years   has 
[lorate   law,  which   he 


by  hard  ■.. 
teaching  !•■  ' 
study    until    he 
Ypsiianti,  Mid 
Ann  Arbor  Pn 

vers 

ii 

1870. 
and  b 

liic   .- 
Het! 

Y  tp--' 

a  part  of 

esch 

tiition 

year 

"two 

was   enat. 
vears.    X\ 

tp    .. 

ill  tm 
Seattle,  i 
people,  ii 
ties  of  h 

sit  ■;•   .;    '  > 

Pi,' 
t' 

el.'. 
Demuci . 

about  1 


!eb,  of  Marshall,  Michi-    i   the  selection 
legal  studies  until  1874.   ! 
0  the  bar.     He  was  t'  . 
of  Slurshiill.  Hf.  i 


.f  tl, 


little  villaii 


iti.epn. 
ra.  United 

:,r,-,-drr 


when   M  i 

"  K'ing  com. 

the    couiii , 
ity.      Durir 


lie  organizers  and  pro- 
ke  Shore  ct  Eastern 
)irector  and  Attorney' 
•s  of  road  were  com- 
(ild  to  the  N"ortliern 
by  the  Eastern  stock- 
naj.iiiiy  of  the  stock. 
ni-i;anization  of  the 
ia,|,  and  worked  for 
file  Pacific  terminus 
em,  he  being  retained 
n  department, 
stices  of  the  Territory 
ion,  and  the  docket 
t  to  hopelessness.  In 
ers  of  the  bar  turned 
nee,  and,  without  his 
their  unanimous  pe- 
iland  secured  Judge 
ief  Justice,  which  he 
understanding  that 
nld  be  completed  he 
.  mths  brought  order 
eiied  docket  was  re- 


734 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


lieved,  many  of  the  most  important  cases  were 
disposed  of.  and  tlie  Judge  resigned  in  April, 
1889.  As  the  Seattle  liar  had  united  in  urging 
his  appointment,  so  all  united  in  regretting  his 
retirement. 

During  Judge  Tiurke's  rc.-idenee  in  Seattle  he 
has  been  a  steady  inve^tei-  in  city  real  estate, 
much  of  which  he  has  iiiiprovtMl  for  residence 
and  business  purposes.  While  erecting  many 
buildings,  his  crowning  etfort  was  in  January, 
ISltl,  when  he  completed  the  liurke  building, 
coi-ner  of  Second  and  JVIarion  streets,  at  an  ex- 
jiense  of  !?:i(;0,0()().  This  is  one  of  the  finest 
l)usine8s  buildings  in  the  city,  in  both  exterior 
and  interior  appointments.  lie  is' also  associ- 
ated with  ex-]\rayor  John  Leary  and  Captain 
William  11.  Ballard  in  600  acres  of  land  on  the 
north  .shore  of  Salmon  Bay.  In  1887  tliis  tract 
(if  land  was  a  dense  wilderness,  but  now  (1892) 
it  has  a  manufacturing  city  of  2,.'')00  population. 
In  order  to  develop  the  tract  an  electric-car 
line  was  built  to  Seattle,  at  an  expense  of  §350,- 
000.  The  land  was  cleared  and  manufactories 
were  subsidized  by  the  presentation  of  land  for 
building  purposes. 

Judge  Bui'ke  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  ls80, 
to  Miss  Carrie  E.,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  John 
J.  McGilvra. 

Throughout  his  entire  career,  the  Judge  has 
been  actively  enlisted  in  every  movement  having 
for  its  object  the  upbuilding  and  advancement 
of  the  interests  of  Seattle.  During  the  long 
struggle  of  Seattle  for  existence  he  was  one  of 
its  most  hopeful  and  courageous  citizens.  He 
was  one  of  the  leaders  in  its  protest  against  the 
aggressions  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  and  he  has 
ever  been  in  complete  accord  with  the  most  ad- 
vanced thought  of  its  people.  In  every  respect 
he  haslieen  a  Seattle  man,  and  his  name  must 
be  enrolled  among  the  names  of  those  who  have 
made  the  city  great. 


-^ 


^^^ 


IILLIAM  TIMES  GARDINER  was 
born  at  Stony  Stratford,  Buckinghain- 
*  shire,  England,  May  2,  1847.  He  is  a 
stiu  of  John  and  Sarah  (Marston)  Gardiner. 
John  Gardiner  was  a  draper,  or,  as  we  under- 
stand it  in  this  country,  a  commercial  traveler, 
his  son  followed  the  same  calling  for  twelve 
years  in  England,  bmr  years  and  a  half  of  which 
time  he  traveled  on  a  bicycle,       Previous  to  the 


latter's  experience  as  a  commercial  traveler,  he 
served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  printer's  trade, 
entering  a  printer's  office  when  he  was  thirteen 
years  old.  After  learning  that  trade  he  worked 
at  it  four  years  in  England. 

Mr.  Gardiner  dates  his  arrival  on  American 
soil  in  July,  1883.  He  came  up  the  St  Law- 
rence ri\er,  stopped  at  several  points,  and  tin- 
ally  came  on  across  the  counti-y  to  Sacramento, 
where  he  visited  his  brother  for  a  short  time, 
and  from  whence  he  came  north  to  Puget  Sound, 
I'eaching  Seattle  in  September.  A  short  time 
afterward  he  located  his  present  claim.  Since 
coming  to  Seattle  in  the  fall  and  winter  of 
1883-'4  he  worked  at  his  trade,  being  employed 
on  the  different  Seattle  papers.  For  two  years 
he  assisted  in  the  survey  of  the  Seattle,  Lake 
Shore  &  Eastern  Railroad. 

Mr.  Gardiner  was  married  in  August,  1879, 
to  Miss  Louisa  Downing,  a  native  of  England. 
They  have  had  eight  children,  two  of  whom, 
twins,  are  deceased.  Those  living  are:  Margaret, 
Alexander,  Sarah  Jessie,  Mabel,  Harold  Down- 
ing and  William  Kenneth. 

Mr.  Gardiner's  bicycle  liding  has  already 
been  referred  to.  He  has  traveled  moie  than 
24,000  miles  on  his  wheel,  on  one  occasion  mak- 
ing a  trip  to  Paris  on  it.  He  is  not  a  politician 
and  has  never  been  an  office-seeker,  but  betakes 
an  active  interest  in  local  affairs,  and  is  now 
serviuiT  as  School  Director. 


ILLIAM  H.  WYCKOFF  was  born  in 
New  Jersey  on  September  23,  1843, 
^  his  parents  being  William  M.  and 
Elizabeth  (Taylor)  Wyckoff,  both  of  whom  are 
natives  of  New  Jersey,  their  ancestors  having 
been  among  the  earliest  settlers  there.  When 
William  H.  was  nine  years  old  the  family  re- 
moved to  Ohio,  where  he  was  brought  up  and 
educated  until  eighteen  years  old,  when  he  en- 
listed in  the  United  States  army,  with  Company 
I,  Ninety-eighth  Ohio,  at  Marietta.  His  first 
engagement  was  at  Hoover's  Gap.  He  was 
through  the  whole  campaign  and  was  with 
Sherman  in  his  memorable  march  to  the  sea  and 
his  triumphal  entry  into  Washington.  He  was 
mustered  out  on  June  10,  1865,  at  (Jolumbus, 
Ohio.  In  September,  1866,  he  located  in  Iowa 
and  bought  a  farm  there,  where  he  remained  six 
years  and  then  removed  to  Kansas,  locating  near 


nisronr   of   WAsniNaroN. 


Newton.  He  lived  there  six  years.  In  1888 
lie  came  to  Washington,  and  located  in  the 
(Treen  valley,  whei-e  he  has  remained  ever  since. 
Here  he  is  engaged  in  farming,  and  has  ten  aci'es 
of  his  farm  planted  in  hops. 

Mr.  Wydvotf  was  married  on  JVIarch  5,  1872, 
in  Worth  county,  Missouri,  to  Miss  Margaret 
Matthews,  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  four 
children,  viz.:  Wilfiam  M.,  Archibald  H., 
Agnes  O.,  and  Mary  H.  His  eldest  son,  AVill- 
iam  M.,  belongs  to  Camp  U.  S.  Grant,  No.  (>, 
8ons  of  Veterans. 

Mr.  Wyckoff's  fatlier  now  resides  in  Puyal- 
lup.  His  mother  died  in  1885,  aged  seventy- 
three  years. 


[fJl    G.  CHAMBEKL]N,of  Ohamherlin  Flat, 
fpnj     Klickitat  county,  Washington,  was  born 
I     L    in  the  city  of  Chicago,    Illinois,    Marcli 
^/  12.  1862,  a  son  of  Griffin  and  Jennie  A. 

(Cady)  Chamberliu.  natives  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts.  Tlic  family  emigrated  to  the 
Pacilic  coast  in  1S04-.  inakiiiii'  the  trip  aronnd 
Cai)e  Horn.  After  remaining  in  California 
only  a  short  time,  they  proceeded  to  AVashing- 
ton  and  located  in  Klickitat  county.  Tliere 
Griffin  Chamberlin  operated  a  sawmill  in  early 
days.  Later  he  and  his  brother  went  into  the 
timber,  cut  lumber  and  constructed  a  sail-boat 
to  navigate  the  Columbia  river.  They  freighted 
lumber  up  the  river,  making  large  profits. 
When  steamers  were  put  on  the  upper  I'iver 
their  business  was  crippled,  so  they  withdrew 
from  the  contest  and  devoted  their  time  to  get- 
ting out  lumber  foi-  the  market.  In  1872  Mr. 
Chamberlin  took  up  a  homestead  on  tlie  Hat 
whicli  afterward  took  the  family  name,  but  con- 
tinued his  interest  in  the  ^reat  milling  industry 
of  this  secti.in.  lie  ran  the  old  Whitney  mill 
eight  miles  i'mm  Goldeiidale,  the  oldest  mill  in 
the  county,  for  a  number  of  years. 

II.  G.  Chamberlin  was  reared  in  Klickitat 
county  and  received  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  neighborhood.  Since  arriv- 
ing at  manhood  he  has  been  largely  engaged  in 
the  raising  of  live-stock,  and  although  he  does 
not  deal  so  extensively  in  cattle  as  heretofore, 
he  still  turns  much  of  his  hay  into  beef;  lie  has 
done  much  toward  improving  the  breed  of  horses 
in  this  section,  and  has  some  fine  specimens  up- 
on his  ranch. 


Politically,  he  affiliates  with  the  Democratic 
party;  he  is  a  member  of  Pleasant  Valley 
Farmers'  Alliance  and  is  actively  interested  in 
this  organization.  lie  has  represented  the  peo- 
ple of  district  No.  3,  as  Road  Supervise)-,  and 
is  now  serving  a  third  term;  in  this  capacity  he 
has  given  entire  satisfaction  to  the  public.  A 
man  of  sterling  worth  and  good  business  ability 
lie  is  i-eciignized  as  one  of  the  most  substantial 
citizens  uf  Klickitat  county. 


P)IIILIP  11.  LEWIS,  deeea>ed,  late  a  resi- 
dent at  91S  Fourth  street,  Seattle,  Wash- 
ington, was  a  pioneer  of  1850.  He  was 
l)orn  at  Warner's  Corners,  Illinois,  in 
February,  1826.  His  parents,  Paul  and  Annie 
(Stewart)  Lewis,  were  natives  of  Scnith  Caro- 
lina and  Tennessee  res[iectivt'ly.  Paul  Lewis 
moved  to  Illinois  about  1818,  and  was  thei'e 
married  and  continued  an  agricnltuial  life. 

Piiilip  H.  was  reared  upon  his  father's  farm 
and  received  a  limited  education  in  the  uld- 
fasliioned  log  school-house  of  that  period.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  sti-uck  out  in  life  for 
himself,  was  engaged  in  farming  and  milling 
until  1850,  and  then  joined  the  great  tide  of 
emigration  on  its  way  across  tlie  plains  to  Cali- 
fornia. After  a  journey  of  six  months,  he  land 
ed  at  ••  LLmgtown  " — now  Placerville — and  en- 
ga-i'ii  in  mining  ill  Ilangtown  gulch.  One  year 
iif  jiiiid  w.  .rk  with  limited  success  was  enough 
e\|iLMienre  at  that  place  for  him,  and  he  left  the 
mines,  went  tn  San  Francisco  and  embarked  for 
Portland.  At  the  latter  place  he  joined  a  com- 
pany of  seventy  men,  j)urchased  the  brig,  l'"agle. 
and  with  necessary  supplies  started  for  the 
mines  on  (,)ueen  (Uiarlotte's  island.  Duly  ar- 
riving, tliev  were  di^a|i|)oiiited  at  t!ie  pr.  .-|  icrts 
and  ivtnnie.l,  via  I'u^et  Sound,  n!vin|,i:.  :,n(| 
the  trail,  to  Portland,  where  lie  loui,.!  empiuy^ 
ment  in  a  sawmill.  A  few  months  later  his  de- 
sire for  mining  returned,  and  he  again  visited 
the  mines  of  California,  and  for  some  years 
mined  and  prospected  through  California,  south- 
ern Oregon,  Idaho,  British  Columbia  and  the 
Sound  country.  In  1851),  through  the  guidance 
of  an  Indian,  he  discovered  the  New  Castle, 
Sank  and  Cedar  river  coal  mines,  and  then  pre- 
empted and  homesteaded  o20  acres,  wliieh  cov- 
ered his  discovery,  lie  tlun  built  a  log  cabin 
and  made  some  little  improvements  and  opened 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


a  road  or  trail  to  liis  mines.  The  first  coal  was 
bi'oiight  out  on  liis  back  and  taken  to  Seattle. 
In  1864  he  became  associated  with  others  in 
building  a  wagon  road  to  the  mines,  and  com- 
menced developing;  but  the  dithcnlty  of  trans- 
portation was  so  great  that,  after  determining 
the  richness  of  the  mine,  operations  ceased  for 
a  number  of  years,  and  in  1874  Mr.  Lewis  sold 
his  interest.  He  then  came  to  Seattle  and  in- 
vested in  city  property,  and  continued  in  the 
real-estate  business.  He  owned  considerable 
city  property,  both  improved  and  unimproved, 
8,U00  acres  of  land  near  Baker  City,  Oregon,  be- 
sides valuable  timber  and  farm ing; lands  in  coun- 


ties border 


)gon 


Puo-et  Sound. 


He  died  January  26,  18U3,  unmarried,  and  a 
member  of  no  societies,  was  independent  in 
politics,  principle  rather  than  party  governing 
his  vote.      He  was  an  aljsolutely  lionest  man. 


JMEACHAM,  a  ])rominent  business  man 
of  Olympia,  and  one  whose  career  has  been 
an  eventful  one,  was  born  in  Christian 
county,  Kentucky,  March  10,  1818.  His  par- 
ents, Jerry  and  Mary  (AVest)  Meacham,  were 
natives  of  that  same  State  and  passed  their  lives 
in  agricultural  pursuits. 

Losing  his  mother  when  an  infant,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  taken  by  his  grandfather 
Meacham,  with  whom  he  remained  until  he  was 
ten  years  old.  His  father  having  married  in 
the  meantime,  he  then  returned  home.  Xot 
getting  on  well  wdth  liis  stepmother,  however, 
he  remained  only  two  years,  when,  young  as  he 
was,  he  started  out  in  the  world  to  take  care  of 
himself.  Going  to  Hopkinsville,  he  bound  him- 
self to  Thompson  &  Coleman,  furniture  manu- 
facturers, to  remain  until  he  was  twenty-one  and 
learn  the  trade.  Being  naturally  bright  and 
active,  three  years  of  service  taught  him  the 
general  principles  of  the  business,  and  he  ran 
away  to  Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  he  hired  to 
Tom  Benton,  who  was  engaged  in  the  same 
business,  and  remained  four  years,  completing 
his  trade.  He  then  returned  to  Hopkinsville 
and  to  his  old  employers,  who  were  glad  to  see 
him  enter  their  service,  and  he  continued  with 
them  until  December,  1849.  At  that  time  he 
went  to  Brenham,  Washington  county,  Texas, 
where  he  ran  a  saloon  two  years,  after  which  he 


opened  a  furniture  store  and  successfully  con- 
ducted the  same  until  1854.  Then  he  sold  out 
and  started  for  California.  He  made  tlie 
journey  across  the  plains,  via  Salt  Lake,  tiie 
Cherokee  trail  and  Carson  valley,  and  landed  at 
"  Hangtown,"  where  he  began  mining,  and  con- 
tinued in  different  localities  near  there,  with 
fair  success,  until  the  Eraser  river  excitenient, 
when  he  started  with  hundreds  of  others  for  that 
district.  From  San  Francisco  he  journeyed  by 
schooner  to  Victoria,  then  by  the  liarrisou 
river  to  the  upper  Fraser  and  Cariboo  mines, 
and  continued  mining  for  two  years,  but  with 
limited  success,  always  with  the  anticipation  of 
suddenly  "sti'iking  it  rich." 

In  1860  Mr.  Meacham  returned  to  Victoi'ia 
and  came  down  the  Sound  to  Olympia,  where 
he  followed  varied  occupations  until  1875.  That 
year  he  began  clerking  in  the  furniture  store  of 
J.  C.  Horr.  and  remained  with  him  three  years. 
In  1878  he  made  a  trip  to  Alaska,  spending  one 
year  in  prospecting  along  the  Stikeen  river  and 
its  tributaries,  finding  a  rough  country,  cold 
weather  and  glaciers,  but  little  gold.  In  1879 
we  again  find  him  entering  Mr.  Horr's  furniture 
store  at  Olympia,  and  in  1882  he  bought  a  one- 
half  interest  in  the  establishment,  forming  the 
partnership  of  J.  Meacham  &  Company,  and 
assuming  the  entire  management  of  the  busi- 
ness, carrying  a  general  line  of  office  and  house- 
hold furniture.  They  are  located  on  Columbia 
street,  between  Third  and  Fourth,  where  thej' 
own  a  lot,  60x240  feet,  their  stoi-e  building 
covering  30  x  90  feet. 

Mr.  Meacham  is  unmarried  and  is  a  member 
of  no  societies.  He  is  a  genial,  pleasant  gentle- 
man, and  as  he  expresses  it  is  a  "  Democrat 
from  his  boots  up." 


n;     E.    HAUSER,   Manager  of   the   Pacific 
/ij\    Manufacturing    Company,  of   Seattle,  a 
II    i\   man    of   superior    executive  ability  and 
■f/  high  moral  character,  respected  alike  for 

his  enterprise  and  worth  as  a  citizen,  was  born 
in  Winstead,  North  Carolina,  June  27,  1848. 
He  comes  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known 
families  of  the  Old  North  State,  his  ancestors 
having  settled  in  Winstead  prior  to  1750.  His 
parents,  Ezra  and  Mary  (McCollutn)  Hauser, 
were  natives  of   the    same   conn'ion wealth,  of 


msTonr  op  Washington. 


(jreniiaii  and  Scotch  descent,  the  former  being  a 
fanner  and  trader,  who  passed  his  life  with  his 
worthy  wife  in  his  native  town  of  Winstead. 

Mr.  liauser,  of  this  notice,  gained  his  educa- 
tion principally  in  the  practical  walks  of  life 
and  by  self  culture  in  persistent  reading  and 
studying  at  home,  when  not  engaged  in  the  per- 
formance of  farm  duties.  He  remained  at  liome 
until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  when,  induced 
by  the  liberal  opportunities  alibrded  in  the 
West  to  all  men  of  energy  and  intelligence,  Mr. 
Hauser  went,  in  1868,  to  Fontanelle,  Iowa,  in 
which  vicinity  he  engaged  in  farming.  He 
was  married  in  that  State  in  the  following  year, 
and  subsequently  removed  to  Carthage,  Mis- 
souri, where  he  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter 
and  builder.  In  1871,  he  returned  to  Fonta- 
nelle, where  he  was  engaged  in  house  carpenter- 
ing for  live  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time,  in 
1876,  he  once  more  turned  his  face  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  setting  sun,  coming  direct  to  Se- 
attle, Washington,  where  lie  continued  his 
former  occupation  of  carpentry  until  1884.  He 
then  began  work  for  the  Western  Mill  Com- 
pany, on  Lake  Union,  and  after  six  months' 
faithful  service,  was  promoted  to  the  position  of 
superintendent  of  the  yard  and  sales  depart- 
ment, in  which  responsible  capacity  he  continued 
to  act  until  April  1,  1888.  At  that  time  he 
assumed  charge  of  the  retail  yard  of  Welbon  i^: 
Company,  at  the  foot  of  Vine  street.  On  Sep- 
tember 20  following,  Mr.  Hauser  organized  the 
Pacitic  Manufacturing  Company,  of  which  he 
was  immediately  elected  General  Manager. 
This  company  then  purchased  the  stock  of  Wel- 
bon ik  Company  and  pi-oceeded  to  erect  a  small 
mill  on  the  same  propert}',  for  the  purpose  of 
manufacturing  house  finishing  materials.  They 
commenced  with  fifteen  employes,  but  so  rapid- 
ly did  the  business  increase  that  they  soon  had 
fifty  men  employed  in  the  several  departments. 
Outgrowing  the  capacity  of  their  building,  they 
purchased  200  feet  frontage  on  the  west  side  of 
Lake  Union,  on  which,  in  October,  1892,  they 
began  erecting  their  new  factories  and  driving 
piles  for  their  new  wharf  facilities.  These  are 
now  perfected  in  the  most  improved  and  con- 
venient manner,  their  factories  being  provided 
with  the  latest  and  best  machinery  for  planing, 
turning,  moulding  and  the  finishing  of  sash, 
doors,  stairs,  store-fittings  and  all  interiors. 
This  prosperity  may  appear  phenomenal,  but  it 
is  not  by  any  means  a  matter  of  chance.  With- 
out the  steady  persistence  and  intelligent  man- 


agement of  a  master  mind  and  strong  hand, 
these  results  could  never  have  taken  place,  and 
Mr.  Hauser  is  above  all  entitled  to  high  praise 
for  his  energy  and  perseverance.  Besides  his 
regular  business,  Mr.  Hauser  owns  considerable 
valuable  real-estate  about  Seattle,  but  devotes 
his.  best  energies  to  the  upbuilding  of  his  im- 
portant industry. 

In  January,  1869,  Mr.  Hauser  was  married, 
at  Quincy,  Iowa,  and  is  the  father  of  six  chil- 
dren: Samuel  M.;  Bessie,  now  Mrs.  W.  C. 
Prasch;  Minnie,  Frank,  Walter  and  Blanche. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Hauser  atiiliates  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.  As  a  man  and  citi- 
zen, he  is  upright  and  progressive,  ever  ready 
to  aid  any  worthy  object  tending  to  the  advance- 
ment of  his  community,  the  resources  of  which 
no  one  has  done  more  to  develop. 


f[  EWIS  SMITH,  a  veteran  of  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion,  is  a  highly  respected  citi- 
zen of  Pierce  county,  Washington,  and 
is  worthy  of  being  so  recorded  in  this  volume. 
He  was  born  in  Hancock  county,  Ohio,  near 
Fort  Find  lay,  December  19,  1835,  a  son  of 
Nimrod  and  Mary  (Singer)  Smith,  natives  of 
Pensylvania;  the  father  was  a  small  boy  when 
his  ])arents  removed  to  Stark  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  grew  to  manhood.  The  youth  of  Lewis 
Smith  was  not  marked  by  any  unusual  circum- 
stance until  his  twelfth  year,  when  he  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  and  started  out 
to  make  his  own  way  among  strangers. 

At  the  time  the  Civil  war  arose  between  the 
North  and  the  South  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company.  Upon 
receiving  the  news  that  his  brother  had  enlisted 
in  the  service  of  his  country,  his  own  patriot- 
ism arose  to  the  occasion,  and  going  to  Fort 
Findlay  he  was  soon  enlisted  a  member  of  Com- 
pany K.  Twenty-tir^;t  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry. 
Proceeding  to  Gallipolis  be  remained  there  dur- 
ing three  months,  and  then  enlisted  in  the 
Sixty-fifth  Ohio,  at  Mansfield,  under  Captain 
Powell.  Going  down  the  Ohio  river  he  stopped 
at  Louisville  for  equipment,  and  went  thence  to 
Mill  Springs,  arriving  just  after  the  battle  at 
that  point.  He  was  afterward  in  the  engage- 
ment at  Fort  Donelson,  going  thence  to  Shiloh, 
a  member  of  Crittenden's  corps,  which  is 
credited  with  having  saved  Grant's  army.     He 


iTTsronr  of  wasiiingtoK. 


next  participated  in  the  engagements  at  Coi'inth, 
Murfreesborongli  and  Stone  River,  remaining 
six  months  at  the  latter  place  to  fortify  the 
position;  then  came  the  battle  at  Chickamauga 
then  tiiat  of  Chattanooga,  where  the  young  pa- 
triot lost  a  thumb  and  received  injuries  that 
necessitated  his  removal  to  hospital  No.  19. 
During  the  remainder  of  his  service  he  was  on 
(Intj  in  the  hospital,  becoming  vrard-master.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  in  March,  1865,  but 
continued  his  service  five  months  afterward. 

When  hostilities  had  ceased  and  the  war 
ended,  Mr.  Smith  repaired  to  St.  Joseph  county, 
Indiana,  where  he  resided  for  a  term  of  three 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Ohio,  but  at  the 
end  of  one  year  went  to  Illinois.  Here  the 
Slimmer  was  spent,  and  Nebraska  was  the  scene 
of  his  operations  for  the  four  years  following, 
where  he  withstood  two  sieges  of  grasshoppers, 
and  then  surrendered,  sacrificing  property 
valued  at  §2,000  for  $-100.  In  1875  he  came  to 
the  coast,  and  since  that  time  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Washington.  He  has  a  claim  of  160 
acres  in  Snohomish  county,  seven  miles  from 
the  county  seat,  on  which  he  has  resided  three 
years,  making  many  valuable  improvements. 
()ne  week  before  the  great  fire  he  went  to  Se- 
attle and  remained  there  two  years;  thence  he 
removed  to  Orling,  and  was  connected  with  the 
Soldiers'  Home  there  for  seven  months.  In  the 
spring  of  1801  he  went  to  Puyallup,  and  after- 
ward to  Stuck  valley.  During  the  past  year  he 
has  been  associated  with  Cyrus  Cotton,  also  a 
veteran  of  the  Civil  war;  they  have  seventeen 
acres  of  land,  sixteen  acres  of  which  are  planted 
to  onions,  the  product  finding  a  ready  market 
in  Portland,  Seattle,  Tacoma  and  other  cities  on 
the  Sound. 

Mr.  Smith  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  Ft.,  Post  No.  10.  at  Snohomish,  but  is 
now  associated  with  the  Post  at  Sumner.  He 
is  a  man  of  sterling  qualities,  deserving  of  the 
high  esteem  in  which  he  is  held. 


r\(     WEINBEPtG  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
IJL    and    was    born     in    Prussia,    at    Tohrn, 
|\   March  9, 1857.    His  parents  were  Julius 
and  Caroline  (Cohn)  Weinberg,  the  for- 
mer being  a  prominent  brewer  of  that  country. 
At  the  age  of  thirteen  the  su.bject  of  this  sketch 
left  school  and  began  to  leai-n  the  distilling  and 


rectifying  business  in  his  native  place.  In  1875 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  at 
San  Francisco,  where  he  went  with  Lang  &  Co., 
liquor  dealers,  witii  whom  he  remained  five 
months,  and  then  went  with  S.  Lochmann  A: 
Co.,  and  was  with  them  three  years  and  nine 
months,  at  tiie  expiration  of  which  time  he 
opened  a  business  of  his  own,  which  he  con- 
ducted till  1882,  when  he  came  to  Tacoma  and 
engaged  in  tiie  wholesale  liquor  business.  This 
he  maintained  till  1888,  when  he  traveled  for 
two  years  abroad;  he  then  returned  to  Tacoma 
and  became  a  stockholder  and  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Milwaukee  Brewing  Company, 
in  which  business  he  is  now  engaged. 

Mr.  Weinberg  was  married  in  Indiana,  to 
Miss  Mattie  Loeb.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
B'nai  B'rith,  Oakland,  California. 

T[    T|  EN  RY  BECKETT  is  a  native  of  England, 
Ip^     and  was  born  in  Tiberton,  near  Glouces- 
1     II    ter,  on   the   15th  day  of   August,  1833. 
^  His  parents  were  John  and  Ann  (Knight) 

Beckett.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  sailed 
from  Liverpool  on  the  ship  Ashburton,  and  in 
due  time  landed  at  New  fork.  He  remained 
six  years  with  the  firm  of  Humbert  &  Kinney, 
of  Brooklyn,  learning  the  trade  of  furniture 
workman.  In  the  fall  of  1857,  during  the  time 
of  the  great  financial  panic,  he  went  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  where  he  worked  for  one  year  with 
D.  A.  Shepherd  &  Co.  in  the  furniture  busi- 
ness, which  he  followed  until  the  Fraser  river 
"gold  fever"  broke  out,  and  its  violent  and 
irresistible  contagion  took  possession  of  him. 
He  resigned  his  position  there  and  took  passage 
on  one  of  the  lake  steamers  for  Buffalo,  thence 
to  New  Tork,  and  there  took  the  steamship 
Herman  for  the  golden  shores  of  the  Pacific,  via 
Cape  Horn.  On  reaching  his  destination  he 
worked  for  Joseph  Pierce  in  the  furniture  busi- 
ness, and  after  visiting  Peteluma,  Santa  Rosa, 
Healdsburg,  Cloverdale  and  other  places,  con- 
suming nearly  six  years,  he  decided  to  try  the 
fortunes  northward,  and  took  passage  on  the 
brig  Josephine,  with  his  wife  and  four  children, 
for  Victoria,  British  Columbia.  From  there, 
after  stopping  briefly  at  Port  Angeles  and  Port 
Townsend,  he  reiched  Steilacoom  in  1864,  where 
he  took  up  a  claim  about  one  mile  from  the  town 
of  Orting,  on  which  place  he  now  resides.     He 


HISTORY    OP     WASUlNr.TOM. 


went  into  the  hop-raising  business  in  1880,  and 
has  now  about  twenty  acres   in  tiiat  cultivation. 

Mr.  Beckett  was  married  in  New  York  city, 
August  21,  1857,  to  Miss  Hannah  Edmundson, 
a  native  of  England.  They  have  eight  children 
living,  viz.:  John  Henry,  born  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  George  W.,  Charles  W.,  Oliver  L.,  Agnes 
C,  Annie,  and  Ella  and  Amey,  who  are  twins. 
The  one  dead  was  named  Henry. 

Mr.  Beckett  is  a  Republican  politically,  and 
has  held  office  under  his  party  locally  for  many 
years.  He  is  an  old  pioneer  of  Washington, 
and  has  seen  the  section  of  which  he  is  an  lion 
ored  resident  grow  from  woodland  to  a  village, 
a  town,  and  lastly  a  prosperous  and  growing 
city. 


dloiIN  A.  G 11580 X,  a  highly  respected 
citizen  of  Cowlitz  county,  Washington, 
-^  has  been  engaged  in  farming  at  his  present 
location  since  1884. 

Mr.  Gibson  was  born  in  Clay  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1829,  and  that  same  year  was  taken 
by  his  parents  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained 
until  1852.  That  year  became  West  and  landed 
in  Portland,  Oregon,  and  the  following  spring 
went  to  the  mines  to  try  his  fortune.  For  six 
years  he  was  engaged  in  mining,  meeting  with 
the  usual  miner's  hick,  sometimes  being  success- 
ful atid  at  other  times  earning  little.  Return- 
ing to  Portland,  he  then  spent  some  time  in 
ti-nveling,  visiting  various  portions  of  the  Sound 
district.  Ten  years  later  he  settled  in  Cowlitz 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

Mr.  Gibson  is  a  widower,  his  wife  ami  their 
one  chil'l  l)oth  being  <leceased. 

^iC^)  OBERT  FROST,  a  prominent  hardware 
rf^    merchant  of  Olympia,  Washington,  was 
I    ^  born  in  Tunbridge  Wells,  Eiigland,  Oc- 
■//  tober  15,  1825,  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary 

(Taylor)  Frost,  natives  of  the  same  locality. 
Thomas  Frost  was  a  contractor  and  builder.  He 
removed  to  the  West  Eiul  of  London  in  1837, 
and  there  continued  his  occupation. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  primarily  edti- 
cated  in  the  schools  of  London.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  began  clerking  in  a  grocery  store, 


and  one  year  later  was  apprenticed  to  the  trades 
of  plasterer  and  brick  mason.  With  an  increas- 
ing desire  to  see  the  world,  he  left  home  in 
1853  and  went  to  sea,  first  shipping  on  a  coal 
brig  rimning  along  the  English  coast,  later  on  a 
fruit  scliooner  bound  for  the  Mediterranean 
ports,  and  still  later  being  on  deep  sea  vessels. 
He  visited  many  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
ports,  landing  at  San  Francisco  in  1855.  He 
then  reshipped  on  the  old  brig  Susan  Abigail 
for  Portland,  Oregon,  crossing  the  Columbia 
river  bar  January  1,  1856,  and  leaving  the  brig 
at  Portland,  he  retired  from  sea  life.  He  then 
resumed  work  at  his  trade,  being  employed  at 
Portland,  Oregon  City  and  The  Dalles  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  mining  excitement  on  Era- 
ser river,  when  he  started  overland  with  the  Dave 
McLouchlan  party  of  100  men.  Tiieir  journey 
was  fraught  with  great  adventure,  as  frotn  AY  alia 
AValla  through  the  Indian  country  they  had  fre- 
(juent  skirmishes  with  the  natives  of  the  land. 
Ultimately  arriving  at  the  mines,  the  prospects 
seemed  very  limited  and  they  only  made  average 
wages.  Flour  and  food  being  one  dollar  per 
pound,  Mr.  Frost  finally  starved  out  and  re- 
turned to  Olympia,  arriving  "  flat  broke."  At 
this  time  he  began  work  in  a  pi-intingotHce.  He 
followed  that  business  for  three  yeuis.  tlieii  i-e- 
turned  to  his  trade,  and  oiiet'  uiure  secui-ed  a 
financial  start.  He  continued  working  at  his 
trade  until  1870,  when  he  purchased  an  inter- 
est in  the  hardware,  store  of  F.  A.  Hoffman. 
Under  the  firm  name  of  Hoft'man  &  Frost  they 
did  business  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  they  divided  the  stock  and  dissolved  part- 
nership, Mr.  Frost  continuing  business  at  the 
same  location,  418  Main  street.  His  stock  em- 
braces heavy  and  shelf  hardware,  agricultural 
imiJements,  glass,  crockery  and  builders'  sup- 
plies. 

Mr.  Frost  was  one  of  the  original  stockhold- 
ers of  the  first  gas  works  and  electric  plant  in 
the  city,  and  upon  its  consolidation  with  the 
Olympia  Light  and  Power  Company  he  was 
elected  vice-president.  He  is  a  stockholder  and 
director  of  the  Capital  National  Bank.  He  owns 
a  half  interest  in  the  lower  falls  at  Turn  water, 
and  also  has  valuable  improved  and  unimproved 
property  in  the  city  of  Olympia.  He  is  also 
interested  in  valuable  mining  claims  in  the 
Okanogan  district,  which  are  partially  developed, 
showing  rich  prospects. 

Mr.  Frost  was  married  in  Olympia  in  1862  to 
Miss  Louisa   Holmes,  a  native  of  Wi.sconsin. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


They  have  four  children;  iSellie,  Carrie,  Flor- 
ence and  Annie.  Fhirence  is  the  wife  of 
Charles  D.  Garfield. 

For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Frost  has  been 
prominently  connected  with  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, having  taken  the  higher  degrees  of  tlie 
order.  He  served  eight  years  as  Coroner  under 
the  Territorial  government,  and  for  several 
terms  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  of 
Olympia. 


D\EL  CAHY  SMITH,  an  able  lawyer  and 
I  progressive  citizen  of  Port  Townsend, 
— -  Washington,  was  born  near  Troy,  New 
York,  March  30, 1866.  His  parents,  Tompkins 
and  Helen  (Thompson)  Smith,  were  also  natives 
of  the  Empire  State,  in  which  their  ancestors 
settled  prior  to  the  Revolution,  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  that  struggle  for  independ- 
ence. The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  1867,  when 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Hlinois  and  en- 
gaged in  the  cattle  business,  driving  his  stock 
to  eastern  markets.  In  1876,  he  went  to 
Blanchard,  Iowa,  where  he  has  ever  since  fol- 
lowed farming  and  the  stock  business. 

Del  Gary  Smith  was  primarily  educated  at 
the  schools  of  Blanchard  and  completed  his 
studies  at  Amity  College,  College  Springs, 
Iowa.  In  1887,  he  began  the  study  of  law  at 
Shenandoah,  Iowa,  and,  in  1888,  removed  to 
Port  Townsend,  where  he  continued  his  legal 
studies  in  the  office  of  Calhoun  &  Coleman. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  September,  1889, 
by  Hon.  Cornelius  H.  Hanford,  United  States 
District  Judge  of  Washington.  Mr.  Smith  at 
once  engaged  in  practice  at  Port  Townsend,  and 
in  1890  formed  the  present  co-partnership  of 
Smith  &  Folger.  These  gentlemen,  by  close  at- 
tention to  business  and  upright  principles,  have 
gained  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  people, 
and  number  among  their  clientele  the  leading 
men  of  the  city,  their  patronage  being  large  and 
constantly  increasing. 

Politically,  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Democrat,  and  in 
July,  1889,  was  elected  by  his  party  to  tiie 
office  of  City  Clerk  of  Port  Townsend,  to  which 
he  was  re-elected  in  1890  and  '91.  Shortly  af- 
ter the  completion  of  his  last  term,  he  was  ap- 
pointed City  Attorney,  of  which  ottice  he  is  the 
present  able  incumbent,  discharging  his  duties 


with  that  efficiency  and  honor  which  have  always 
characterized  his  actions  in  the  various  walks  of 
life. 

In  1891,  Mr.  Smith  was  married  at  Port 
Townsend,  to  Miss  Frances  E.  Warren,  of  Iowa, 
and  they  have  one  child,  Mildred  Helen.  Mr. 
Smith  built  his  cottage  home  in  Mountain 
View  Addition,  in  1891,  where  surrounded  by 
many  comforts  and  some  of  the  luxuries  of  life 
he  is  enjoying  the  fruits  of  upright  living  and 
persistent  labor.  He  owns  other  real  estate  in 
the  city  which  is  valuable,  and  he  might  greatly 
add  to  his  possessions,  were  he  of  a  speculative 
character,  but  he  prefers  to  devote  his  time  and 
energies  to  the  study  and  practice  of  iiis  favor- 
ite profession,  of  which  he  is  such  a  distin- 
guished exponent. 


ILLIS  EUGENE  EVERETTE,  was 
born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  on  Feb- 
ruary 6,  1854.  His  parents  were 
George  and  Agnes  (Carson)  Everette.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Spain,  of  Moorish  an- 
cestry, and  was  by  profession  a  naturalist.  The 
father  came  to  this  country  when  thirteen  years 
of  age,  but  later  returned  to  England,  where  he 
was  educated  and  lived  most  of  his  life.  Our 
subject's  mother  was  born  in  England,  and  died 
when  she  was  twenty-six  years  old  in  New 
York  city. 

Willis  Eugene  Everette  spent  his  early  life 
in  New  Y^ork  State  and  Massachusetts,  where 
he  received  his  early  education,  but  finished  it 
in  other  parts  of  the  world.  Fie  i-eceived  a 
thorough  technical  and  scientific  education  at 
various  colleges,  noted  especially  for  instruction 
in  sciences  pertaining  to  geology  and  ethnology. 
He  has  devoted  considerable  time  to  scientific 
work  and  in  the  study  of  languages,  maimers 
and  customs  of  the  North  America  aborigines, 
and  has  written  twenty-four  volumes,  in  as  many 
different  tribal  dialects,  of  the  Indians  of  the 
continent  of  North  America,  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  to  the  Arctic  ocean;  also  including  a 
chain  of  languages,  manners  and  customs  of  the 
native  aborigines  ou  the  Pacific  coast  of  North 
America  from  San  Diego,  California,  to  the 
Behring  straits,  including  the  Aleutian  islands. 
This  also  includes  a  chain  of  languages  from 
the  headwaters  of  the  Yukon  river  in  British 
America  directly-  through  the  entire  peninsula 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


741 


of  Alaska,  via  the  entire  Yulion  river  to  Belir- 
ing  sea.  His  is  the  largest  individual  collection 
touching  Indian  languages,  manners  andcnstonis 
in  North  America.  On  his  return  ten  years  ago 
from  Alaska,  he  ceased  iiis  scientific  research 
in  this  direction,  and  returned  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession  of  mining-geologist  and  mining 
attorney  and  now  has  tlie  only  mining-geolo- 
gist's office  and  mining  law  office  on  the  Pa- 
cific northwest  coast,  combining  a  technical 
study  of  mineralogy  and  geology  with  that  of 
mining  law. 

Dr.  Everette  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science; 
tho  American  Microscopical  Society;  the  Ameri- 
can Academy  of  Political  Science;  the  Ameri- 
can Society  of  Philadeljiliia;  the  Geographical 
Society  of  the  Pacific;  and  the  Washington 
State  Pharmaceutical  Society,  and  various  other 
societies.     He  at  present  is  residing  at  Tacoma, 


State  of  Washington 


W:f^^^- 


NTHONY  W.  LAUGHLIX,  a  resident 
of  Olympia,  and  a  venerable  pioneer  of 

'\\  1852,  was  horn  in  Caldwell  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1814. 

His  parents,  John  L.  and  Charlotte  (Dnrley) 
Langhlin,  were  natives  of  North  and  South 
Carolina  respectively,  but  were  married  in  Ken- 
tucky. In  1818  they  removed  from  Kentucky 
to  Washington  county,  Illinois,  where  they 
continued  agricultural  pursuits  for  four  years, 
then  removed  to  Sangamon  county,  Illinois, 
where  they  passed  honorable  and   useful  lives. 

Anthony  VV.  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  re- 
ceived such  educational  advantages  as  the 
country  then  afforded.  He  took  an  active  pai't 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  after  which  he  settled 
m  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  Subsequently  he  followed  lead  mining 
and  smelting  for  three  years.  Then  he  learned 
the  blacksmith  trade,  in  which  occupation  he 
was  engaged  in  connection  with  farming  until 
1852.  That  year  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Wash- 
ington, paying  180  for  transporting  his 
clothes  and  provisions,  while  he  actively  as- 
sisted the  train.  He  landed  in  Olympia  $7  in 
debt,  and  at  that  time  flour  was  selling  for  |40 
per  barrel.  He  soon  found  employment  at  $2 
per  day  and  board,  and  so  got  a  start.  He  then 
located  a  claim   on   the   Nesqually   river;   but, 


with  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1855,  he  left  it  and 
went  to  southern  Oregon  and  volunteered  his 
services  in  the  Rogue  River  war.  After  the 
treaty  of  peace  was  made  he  took  a  claim  in 
Lane  county,  bordering  on  the  Willamette  river, 
and  there  rtMii.iined  until  1861,  engaged  in 
farming  iind  lihicksmithing.  When  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  came  on,  his  principles  were  too 
loyal  to  be  in  sympathy  with  the  views  of  his 
neighbors,  and,  being  advised  by  his  friends  to 
leave  the  county  or  suffer  death,  he  surrendered 
his  claim  and  returned  to  Thurstom  count  v. 
Here  he  bought  407  acres  of  land  bordering  on 
Sonth  bay,  built  a  home  and  cleared  thirty 
acres,  and  on  this  property  he  resided  until 
1890,  when  he  sold  297  acres,  retaining  his 
home  and  ten  acres.  He  then  purchased  prop- 
erty in  Olympia  and  built  a  cottage  on  the  east 
side  of  Rudd's  inlet,  where  he  now  resides,  giv- 
ing his  attention  to  his  property  interests. 

Mr.  Langhlin  has  been  deeply  interested  in 
political  matters,  but  has  declined  every  prof- 
tei'cd  otfice.  His  kind  lieart  and  benevolent  dis- 
position have  prompted  him  to  many  acts  of 
charity,  and  by  those  who  know  him  best  he  is 
most  highly  i-espected — an  honorable  member 
of  society,  a-true  friend,  a  worthy  citizen. 

Mr.  Langhlin  in  unmarried. 

^-&-^ 

[[T|ENRy  A.  DURR,  proprietor  of  the  Cas- 
Ipll    cade  Steam  Laundry,  Tacoma,  Washing- 
I     \^    ton,  was  born  near  Berlin  in  Winnebago 
■^  county,  Wisconsin,  on   the   14th   day  of 

January,  1858.  His  parents  were  John  C.  and 
Rosina  (Schlof)  Durr,  both  from  Buffalo  county. 
New  York.  When  Henry  was  eighteen  years 
old  they  removed  to  Minnesota  near  Amboy, 
where  he  lived  until  manhood.  He  followed 
farming  in  early  life,  devoting  his  spare  time 
to  the  trade  of  cooper.  His  farming  prospects 
were  destroyed  by  a  hailstorm,  which  ruined 
150  acres  of  small  grain. 

In  1881  he  came  to  Washington  by  way  of 
San  Francisco,  and  located  in  old  Tacoma.  The 
first  work  he  secured  paid  him  only  $36  per 
month,  and  he  was  compelled  to  labor  eleven 
and  one-half  hours  per  day.  This  he  continued 
until  February,  1882,  when  he  secured  work  on 
the  wharves  in  New  Tacoma.  During  the  year 
he  bought  a  couple  of  lots  and  removed  per- 
manently to  New  Tacoma,    where  he  worked 


History  op  Washington. 


until  1886,  and  where,  on  the  expulsion  of  the 
Chinamen,  he  started  tlie  Cascade  Laundry 
Company,  in  partnership  with  a  man  named 
Purdy.  When  they  began  they  bad  only  one 
washing  machine,  and  now  the  laundry  is  the 
largest  one  in  Tacoma,  and  does  as  good  work 
as  any  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  East. 
Purdy  remained  in  the  iirm  only  about  a  year. 
Mr.  Durr  owns  the  l)uildini.r  in  which  the  laundry 
plant  is  located  and  runs  tive  wagons,  more  than 
any  other  similar  establishment  in  the  city.  The 
building  is  38  x  90  feet  and  three  stories. 
Mr.  Durr  intends  to  make  his  permanent  home 
where  he  has  a  large  orchard,  four  miles  east  of 
the  center  of  Tacoma. 

Mr.  Durr  was  married  to  Miss  EmmaStoiko, 
of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Commercial  Club  of  Tacoma  and  a  citizen 
highly  respected  by  the  community. 


CHARLES  L.  FORBES  was  born  at  Algo- 
nac,  Michigan,  on  the  St.  Clair  river,  on 
Septemi)er  23,  1847.  His  parents  were 
Charles  P.  and  Hannah  A.  (Daniels)  Forbes; 
the  former  was  a  native  of  Addison  county, 
Vermont,  his  family  being  old  New  Englanders 
of  Scotch  descent. 

When  Charles  L.  was  two  years  old  his  par- 
ents removed  to  Vermont  where  they  lived  until 
he  was  seven  years  old,  when  they  went  to 
Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools,  meantime 
following  farming  principally.  He  also  learned 
the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Waupun 
(Wisconsin)  Times.  In  1874-  he  left  Wisconsin 
and  went  to  Nebraska,  where  he  remained  for 
one  year  and  then  in  1875  went  to  Portland, 
(Jregon.  In  187G  he  located  at  Pekin,  Cowlitz 
county,  and  followed  steamboating  as  engineer 
on  the  "  Hydra."  After  three  years  at  this  oc- 
cupation, he  bought  160  acres  of  land  where  he 
now  resides,  situated  three  and  one-half  miles 
from  La  Center,  Washington.  He  has  forty 
acres  cleared  on  which  he  raises  hay,  grain,  po- 
tatoes, etc.,  besides  having  300  apple  and  prune 
trees. 

Mr.  Forbes  was  married  in  Cowlitz  county, 
on  September  12,  1875,  to  Miss  Adelaide  Weir, 
a  daughter  of  Captain  Weir,  of  La  Center.  They 
have  four  children,  viz.:  Bertrand,  Myrtle, 
William  and  Bertha. 


He  is  a  member  of  La  Center  Grange  No. 
48,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  in  1890,  of 
the  I'atrons  of  Husbandry  and  has  held  office  in 
the  order  ever  since  its  organization.  He  is  a 
Democrat  politically,  but  is  a  slave  to  no  one 
party,  being  decidedly  independent  in  his  ten- 
dencies. 


I  IjlLLIAM  F.  GERBER,  one  of  the  rep- 
^  resentative  men  of  Clarke  county,Wash- 
5i  ington,  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  de- 
veloping the  resources  of  Chelachie  prairie,  and 
is  entitled  to  the  following  space  in  this  history. 
He  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  adoption, 
his  native  country  Vjeing  Switzerland.  He  was 
born  at  Biel  or  Bienne,  in  the  canton  of  Berne, 
within  eighteen  miles  of  the  city  of  Berne,  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1851,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Adele  (Au- 
franc)  Gerber,  his  father  having  been  a  carpen- 
ter by  trade.  William  F.  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  own  country,  attending  the  common 
schools  and  gymnasium  until  sixteen  years  of 
age.  In  1867  he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to 
America,  sailing  from  Rotterdam  on  the  Malta, 
and  landing  in  New  York  city  on  the  20th  of 
September.  They  continued  their  journey  to 
Michigan,  and  located  in  the  heart  of  the  forests 
of  Kalkaska  county;  after  six  years  in  the  wil- 
derness they  removed  to  Randolph  county.  West 
Virginia.  In  1876  they  went  to  Missouri  and 
settled  at  Belvoir,  in  Vernon  county,  William 
F.  and  his  brother,  Frank,  making  the  trip 
overland  by  team  and  wagon.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  died  in  1879,  and  two  years  later 
the  father,  accompanied  by  two  brothers,  emi- 
grated to  Clarke  county,  Washington;  Jacob 
Gerber  soon  aftei'ward  returned  to  the  East. 
William  F.  Gerber  crossed  the  plains  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast  in  1883,  making  the  journey  by  team, 
in  company  with  J.  D.,  G.  E.,  A.  G.,  Mrs.  E. 
and  Miss  Mattie  McKee.  He  purchased  a  set- 
tler's right  which  had  been  settled  forty  years 
before,  probably  by  Captain  Pope;  he  was  told 
that  it  was  a  foolish  thing  to  locate  on  this  land, 
as  it  would  produce  nothing  but  fern,  and  frost 
all  the  year  round.  His  experience  has  proven 
the  fallacy  of  this  statement,  as  he  has  harvested 
some  of  the  heaviest  crops  ever  grown  in  the 
county;  from  one  favored  spot,  covering  a  little 
more  than  a  (quarter  of  an  acre,  a  ton  and  a  half 
of  hay  was  cut.  A.  G.  McKee  is  still  Mr.  Ger- 
ber's  partner;  they  cari-y  on  a  general  agricult- 


niSTORY    OP     WASniNGTON. 


mal  business,  and  have  a  well  eiiuipped  dairy, 
keeping  twenty-five  cows  for  this  purpose. 
They  raise  a  large  and  luxuriant  crop  of  rhu- 
barb, whicli  finds  a  ready  market  in  Portland 
and  other  large  towns.  Both  are  young  men  of 
excellent  business  qualifications,  and  in  their 
success  Clarke  county  has  taken  a  forward  step 
as  an  agricultural  center. 

Mr.  Gerber  is  Secretary  of  Lake  View  Grange, 
No.  97,  Patrons  of  Husbandi-y;  he  is  Trustee 
of  school  district  jSfo.  29,  and  has  served  in 
this  office  with  noticeable  benefit  to  the  cause 
of  education.  Politically  he  holds  independent 
views,  and  casts  his  suffrage  for  men  rather  than 
for  promised  measures. 

Archie  Giibreath  McKee,  who  is  associated 
with  William  F.  Gerber  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, was  born  in  Vernon  county,  Missouri, 
June  18,  1869,  a  son  of  Andrew  McKee,  also,  a 
native  of  Missouri.  He  grew  to  manhood  in 
Vernon  county,  and  there  received  a  good  edu- 
cation. In  1880  he  went  to  Bates  county,  just 
over  tlie  river  from  his  old  home,  and  three 
years  later  came  to  Washington.  He  first  stopped 
in  Vancouver,  and  thence  removed  to  his  present 
home  on  Chelachie  prairie.  Energetic  and  in- 
dustrious, he  is  an  able  second  to  Mr.  Gerber  in 
their  farming  operations.  At  an  early  age  he 
was  deprived  of  his  father's  care,  by  death,  and 
soon  assumed  the  responsibility  of  his  own 
maintenance.  His  mother  resides  with  him  on 
the  ranch. 


5S.  LOEI!  is  president  of  the  Milwaukee 
Brewing  Company  of  Tacoma,  incorpo- 
rated with  a  ca])ital  stock  of  $.35,000, "all 
]iaid  up.  The  present  officers  of  the  company 
are  S.  S.  Loeb,  president,  and  A.  Weinberg, 
secretary  and  treasui'er.  The  brewery  was  for- 
merly called  the  United  States  Brewery,  and 
was  organized  by  D.  Stegman  and  M.  Karcsecte. 
The  latter  sold  out  to  John  Frazier,  who  con- 
tinued in  the  business  till  May,  1881,  when  the 
present  firm  bought  out  the  coucei'n,  reincor- 
porated and  formed  the  Milwaukee  Prewing 
Company.  The  plant  was  a  small  one  when 
they  first  bought  it,  the  output  being  only  forty- 
two  barrels  per  day.  The  capacity  has  been  in- 
creased until  it  is  now  125  bari'els  per  day. 
Their  trade  extends  throughout  the  Sound 
country. 


Mr.  Loeb,  the  president,  was  born  in  Ligo- 
nier,  Indiana,  on  the  4th  of  September,  1862. 
He  was  the  son  of  Simon  Loeb,  wiio  was  a 
prominent  brewer.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  reai-ed  in  Chicago,  where  he  went  when  a 
child.  He  became  concerned  in  the  cigar  busi- 
ness with  Kuhe  Bros.  (AUentown,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Chicago),  and  later  traveled  for  the  same 
firm,  with  whom  he  continued  for  four  years. 
He  then  worked  four  years  for  Schloss,  Ochs  & 
Co.,  wholesale  gentleu!en's  furnishers.  In  1889 
he  came  to  Tacoma  and  engaged  in  the  whole- 
side  liquor  business,  which  he  continued  for 
three  years,  when  he  closed  out  that  business, 
and  has  since  given  his  attention  to  the  brewing 
business. 

Mr.  Loel)  was  married  November  18,  1890, 
to  Miss  Blanch  Moses,  a  native  of  Gallipolis, 
Ohio.  They  have  one  child,  Sidney.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  Fidelity, 
No.  117,  and  B'nai  B'rith,  Tacoma  Lodge. 


^J\\  ILLARD  LEMON,  City  Engineer  of 
Olympia,  was  horn  in  an  o.\'  wagon,  on 
Charlotte  fork,  a  tributary  of  the  Snake 
river,  within  the  borders  of  Idaho, 
September  6,  1852,  while  his  parents  were  en 
route  for  Oregon,  and  is  the  second  in  a  family 
of  seven  children. 

His  fatlier,  William  Lemon,  a  native  of  New 
York,  removed  to  Michigan  in  boyhood,  and 
there  married  Miss  Bridget  Patrick,  also  of 
New  York.  For  several  years  he  waa  engaiicd 
as  mail  contractor,  carrying  mails  about  the 
States  of  Michigan  and  Illinois.  He  sub.se- 
quently  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  mercantile  business  up  to  1852, 
when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  After 
many  adventures  tliey  landed  at  The  Dalles,  and 
from  there  came  down  the  river  in  batteaus  to 
Portland,  where  they  passed  the  winter,  remov- 
1  the  sj)riiiu  I'f  l^o^J  to  the  Cowlitz  river, 
later,  to  the  Ctiwlitz  prairie,  where  Mr. 
Lemon  took  a  donation  claim  and  engaged  in 
farming.  During  the  Indian  war  of  1855-"56, 
the  family  were  confined  for  six  months  in  the 
old  fort,  while  Mr.  Lemon  was  engaged  in  gen- 
eral scouting  duty.  After  peace  was  declared 
he  returned  to  his  farm  and  remained  there  un- 
til 1859.  Then  he  moved  to  Claquato  in  Lewis 
j   county,  the  principal   town  on    the  stage  route 


ing: 
and. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


between  Olyinpia  and  the  Columbia  river,  and 
there  engaged  in  farming  and  the  stock  business 
until  1874,  when  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia, and  purchased  a  ranch.  Three  years 
later  he  returned  to  Oiympia,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  buying  and  selling  land. 

Millard  Lemon  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Claquato  and  subsequently  passed  four  years  in 
the  Willamette  LTniversity  at  Salem,  Oregon. 
The  years  1875-"76  were  spent  in  southern 
California.  In  January, "  1877,  lie  entered  De 
Pauw  University,  Greencastle,  Indiana,  where 
he  graduated  in  1880,  having  given  particular 
attention  to  mathematical  studies  in  view  of 
civil  engineering.  In  January,  1881,  he  left 
New  York,  via  Panama,  for  Santiago,  Chili,  as 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Santiago  Col- 
lege, and  continued  as  instructor  there  nntil 
December,  1883.  At  that  time  he  was  tendered 
the  position  of  assistant  engineer  for  contrac- 
tors, building  State  railroads  to  the  sonthern 
frontier  of  Chili.  After  one  month  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  construction  of  the  Angol 
to  Traiguen  division,  and  filled  that  position 
nntil  the  road  was  completed  in  the  spring  of 
1888.  He  then  passed  a  few  months  in  travel, 
visiting  various  copper,  silver  and  saltpeter 
mines  tributary  to  the  west  coast  of  South 
America;  and  coming  northward  arrived  in  San 
Francisco  in  October  following.  The  next  year 
was  divided  in  residence  at  Seattle,  Washington, 
and  at  Los  Angeles,  California,  and  in  getting 
re-adjusted  to  American  habits  and  ways  of  life. 
In  April,  1890,  he  took  up  his  residence  at 
Oiympia  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  as  civil  engineer.  In  August,  1891, 
he  was  appointed  City  Engineer  by  the  City 
Council,  and  was  re-appointed  in  January,  1892, 
for  one  year.  During  his  terra  of  office  he  has 
superintended  the  grading  of  ten  miles  of  street, 
at  an  outlay  of  nearly  $100,000.  lie  also  very 
ably  outlined  the  best  solution  of  the  drainage 
problem  for  the  city  of  Oiympia,  and  during 
the  sunjraer  of    1892    five    miles  of  sewer  were 


laid  under  his  su 


pervision. 


Mr.  Lemon  has  extensive  real-estate  interests 
in  and  about  Oiympia,  and  in  1890  platted  and 
sold  Lemon  Addition,  located  on  the  West  Side. 
He  resides  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and' 
Franklin  streets,  where  he  owns  valuable  im- 
proved property.  He  is  also  Vice-President  of 
the  Capital  City  Abstract  and  Title  Insurance 
Company.  At  present  he  is  clearing  forty  acres 
of  timber  land,  six  miles  northeast  of  the  city, 


with  the  intention  of  setting  the  entire  tract  to 
prunes,  believing  that  the  land  of  Thurston 
county  is  especially  adapted  to  the  fruit  indus- 
try. He  owns  one  of  the  best  business  corners 
in  Montesano,  acreage  at  Cosmopolis  and  South 
Aberdeen,  Ijesides  the  major  interest  in  2,000 
acres,  partly  prairie,  which  is  yet  undeveloped, 
all  in  Chehalis  county. 

Mr.  Lemon  was  married  at  Long  Beach,  Cali- 
fornia, Xovember  9,  1888,  to  Miss  Bella,  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  A.  G.  Cook.  They  have  one  child, 
Edith  Bella.  Mrs.  Lemon  was  born  at  Corral- 
lis,  Oregon,  and  her  childhood  was  spent  at  Van- 
couver, Washington. 

Our  subject  is  favorably  esteemed  by  the 
members  of  his  profession,  and  is  recognized  as 
a  man  of  public  spirit  and  enterprise. 


E'mERY  HARPJS,  oneof  the  substantial 
citizens  and  representative  men  of  Clarke 
1  county,  was  born  m  the  State  of  Michi- 
gan, October  6,  1838,  a  son  of  John  and  Martha 
(Kiukade)  Harris,  the  former  a  native  of  New 
York  and  the  latter  of  New  Jersey.  Emery, 
the  seventh  in  a  family  of  twelve  children,  re- 
mained at  his  native  place  until  1850,  when  he 
moved  to  Wisconsin,  and  from  there,  in  1856, 
went  to  Osawatouiie,  Kansas.  In  1859  Mr. 
Harris  joined  the  great  tide  of  immigration 
toward  Pike's  Peak,  and  from  Colorado  pro- 
ceeded to  Douglas  county,  Oregon.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  the  seVvice  of  the  United  States, 
in  the  First  Oregon  Cavalry,  and  served  three 
years  as  a  private  soldier,  with  a  creditable  and 
honorable  record.  After  the  close  of  the  strug- 
gle he  went  to  Day  county,  Oregon,  where  he 
worked  in  a  sawmill,  but  in  1869  came  to  his 
present  location,  twelve  miles  northeast  of  Van- 
couver, where  he  has  made  all  the  improvements 
on  the  place,  including  a  tine  residence.  He 
now  owns  160  acres  of  land,  a  portion  of  which 
is  cleared  and  under  cultivation,  and  the  re- 
mainder is  principally  virgin  timber  land.  His 
attention  is  given  to  general  farming,  and  he 
also  has  a  small  family  orchard,  of  his  own 
planting. 

Mr.  Harris  was  married  at  Vancouver,  July 
4,  1867,  to  Miss  Jane  Adams,  a  native  of  New 
York.  They  have  live  children:  Rosa  H.,  Asa, 
Edd.  J.,  Etta  M.,  and  Emery.  One  child,  Effie, 
died  in  April,  1877.     In  political  matters,  Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Harris  is  in  syrapatiiy  with  the  Prohibition 
cause,  and  has  served  many  years  as  a  member 
of  the  School  Board  in  his  district.  Socially, 
Jie  is  a  member  of  Flatwood  Grange,  No.  96; 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and  of  Laurel  Lodge, 
No.  18,  F.  tV-  A.  M.,  at  Roseburg,  Oregon. 


fl  H.  SHODDY,  of  Seattle,  Washington, 
was  born  in  Syracuse,  New  York,  May 
3,  1830,  a  son  of  Israel  and  Rebecca 
(Hcmstreat)  Sliondy,  natives  also  of  that  State. 
The  father  learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  in 
Albany,  and  continued  in  the  same  business  in 
Syracuse,  to  which  he  added  the  manufacture  of 
wagons  and  carriages.  In  1835  lie  removed  to 
Niles,  Michigan;  three  years  later  began  work 
at  his  trade  in  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  and  in 
1845  engaged  in  farming  in  Lee  county. 

AV.  H.  Slioudy  received  his  education  in  Rock 
Island,  and  at  that  time  schools  had  not  been 
established  in  Lee  county.  He  remained  at 
home  until  1852,  and  in  that  year  his  father 
fitted  him  out  with  a  wagon,  team  of  horses 
and  a  prairie  equipment.  In  company  with 
l^exter  Ilorton,  Thomas  Mercer,  Rev.  Daniel 
Bagley,  and  their  families,  Mr.  Shoudy  then  be- 
gan the  long  journey  to  Oregon.  Three  weeks 
were  spent  on  tlie  present  site  of  Omaha,  await- 
ing a  steamer  to  ferry  them  across  the  Missouri 
river.  With  the  exception  of  some  sickness 
and  the  usual  depredations  from  the  Indians, 
the  trip  was  made  without  particular  incident, 
and  they  landed  in  Milwaukee,  Oregon,  on  tlie 
Willamette  river,  six  miles  above  Portland,  after 
five  months  of  laborious  travel.  There  the 
party  divided,  but  Mr.  Shoudy  remained  in  the 
city  for  a  time,  first  working  in  a  mill,  and  later 
conducting  a  small  grocery  store.  In  the  spring 
of  1853  he  went  to  the  mines  of  southern  Ore- 
gon, but  in  the  following  year  took  up  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  160  acres  of  land,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  During  the  Indian  trouble  of  1855- 
'56  he  was  engaged  to  do  the  hauling  for  the 
volunteers,  and  while  in  that  service  experienced 
many  dangers  and  liardships.  After  peace  was 
restored   he  returned  to  his  farm. 

In  1859  Mr.  Shoudy  was  married,  in  Jackson 
county,  to  Miss  Martha  F.,  a  daughter  of  A. 
Chrisman,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  In  1862  our 
subject  sold  his  farm,  and  then  started  overland 
for  the  Puget  Sound  country.     He    landed  in 


Olympia  without  money,  but  through  the  kind- 
ness of  friends  he  secured  transportation  to  Seat- 
tle, and  there  began  clerking  for  Dexter  Horton 
in  his  general  mercantile  store,  also  built  a  little 
honie  on  the  present  site  of  the  Burke  block. 
In  1871  he  left  the  store  and  made  his  first  trip 
to  the  scenes  of  his  boyhood,  in  Illinois.  After 
returning  to  this  city,  Mr.  Shoudy  began  the 
painter's  trade,  also  opened  a  store  for  the  sale 
of  paints,  oils  and  wall  paper,  and  conducted 
the  leading  business  of  the  town  in  those  lines 
for  about  seven  years.  He  next  successfully 
conducted  a  harness  business  until  1881,  then 
moved  to  EUeusburg,  Washington,  for  the  bene- 
fit of  his  wife's  health,  returned  to  Seattle  in 
1882,  built  a  handsome  home  in  North  Seattle, 
but,  owing  to  the  precarious  condition  of  his 
wife's  health,  did  not  engage  in  business.  In 
1883  they  sought  change  and  rest  in  California, 
but  in  spite  of  every  precaution  Mrs.  Shoudj' 
passed  away  in  January,  1885,  leaving  six 
daughters.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Shoudy  lias 
been  engaged  in  business  several  times,  and  his 
latest  venture  was  the  purchase  of  the  wooden 
butter-dish  factory  on  Smith  avenue,  which  he 
has  sold  out  and  lias  purchased  a  farm  at  Cres- 
cent Harbor,  Island  county,  Washington,  where 
he  now  i-esides  with  his  family.  He  has  served 
two  terms,  in  early  days,  as  Assessor  of  King 
county,  was  elected  by  the  People's  party  Mayor 
of  Seattle  in  1887,  and  served  one  term.  Socially 
he  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M. 


ERRY  S.  ROGERS,  Auditor  of  Jefferson 
county,  and  a  well-known  citizen  of  Port 
Townsend,  was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Law- 
rence county,  Pennsylvania,  February  23,  1853. 
His  parents,  Alexander  W.  and  Sarah  S.  Rogers, 
were  also  natives  of  Lawrence  county,  where  his 
father  was  a  prominent  attorney.  The  father 
died  when  in  the  prime  of  life,  leaving  a  wife 
and  five  children,  Jerry  S.  being  only  seven 
years  of  age.  The  founder  of  the  family  in 
America  was  Samuel  Rogei-s.  wlio  emigrated 
from  Ireland  about  1750.  settling  in  Lawrence 
county.  He  was  a  brave  patriot  and  fought 
with  the  colonists  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  schools 
in  his  native  county  until  his  seventeenth  year, 
when  he  received  a  teacher's  certificate,  and  by 
teaching  was  enabled  to  pursue  his  educatioii  in 


HISrORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  higher  branches  at  the  Poland  (Ohio)  Union 
Seminary,  and  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
He  then  continued  as  an  educator  in  the  schools 
of  Faribault,  Minnesota,  and  at  Eichland  and 
itiverside,  Iowa,  until  1880,  in  which  year  he 
removed  to  Little  IJock,  Arkansas,  where,  alter 
a  short  time  in  teaching,  he  engaged  in  the  real- 
estate  business.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  the  duties  of  which  re- 
sponsible office  he  ably  and  impartially  dis- 
charged for  four  years.  In  1886  he  removed  to 
Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  where  he  entered  the 
drug  business,  but  sold  out  his  intei-ests  in  the 
spring  of  1888,  to  come  to  Port  Townsend.  He 
here  invested  in  real  estate  and  ti'ansacted  a 
general  land  commission  business,  securing  val- 
nable  property,  which  he  still  retains.  In  1890 
he  built  a  cottage  in  Dundee  Place,  where  he 
now  resides. 

In  1886  Mr.  Rogers  was  married,  in  Little 
Pock,  Arkansas,  to  Miss  Rose  D.  South,  a  native 
of  Alabama. 

In  politics  Mr.  Rogers  is  a  Democrat,  ever 
zealous  to  advance  the  interests  and  principles 
of  his  party.  In  the  fall  of  1892  he  was  the 
nominee  of  his  party  to  the  office  of  County 
Auditor,  to  which  he  was  duly  elected,  receiving 
a  very  large  majority.  He  is  closely  identified 
with  the  progressive  business  element  of  the 
city,  and  is  actively  interested  in  all  enterprises 
tending  to  develop  the  city's  resources  and  ad- 
vance the  general  welfare  of  his  community. 


T 


IIOMAS  PRATHER,  a  prominent  resi- 
dent of  Olympia,  Washington,  was  burn 
in  Boone  county,  Missouri,  July  2,  1832. 
His  parents,  Thomas  and  Mary  G. 
(Oowati)  Prather,  were  natives  of  Kentucky, 
their  ancestors  having  settled  in  Virginia  in  the 
early  history  of  that  country.  Reared  upon  the 
farm,  Mr.  Prather,  Sr.,  continued  in  agricultural 
pursuits,  removing  to  Missouri  in  1882,  where 
lie  passed  the  rest  of  his  life.  Eight  children 
were  born  to  this  union,  of  whom  five  survive, 
four  still  living  in  Missouri. 

Thomas,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  remained 
at  home  until  his  eighteenth  year,  improving 
the  educational  advantages  offered  by  the  three 
months'  winter  school,  and  during  the  rest  of 
the  year  being  engaged  in  farm  woi'k.  With 
the  California  gold  excitement  in  the  spring  of 


1850,  he  was  one  of  a  party  of  four  to  fit  out  a 
"  prairie  schooner,"  and  with  four  yoke  of  oxen 
and  two  horses  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Cali- 
fornia, duly  arriving  at  Placerville  in  Sejjtem- 
ber.  There,  after  selling  their  cattle,  they  en- 
gaged in  mining  in  Boone's  canon.  Mr.  Prather 
soon  after  went  to  Kevada  county,  where  he 
passed  the  winter,  continuing  mining  until  the 
fall  of  1851,  when  he  returned  to  Missouri,  via 
the  Panama  route.  In  the  summer  of  1852  he 
again  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  accom- 
panied by  his  uncle,  Andrew  Cowan,  now  living 
at  Albany,  Oregon,  aged  eighty  years,  and 
Judge  Gilmore  Hayes,  who  recently  died  at 
Olympia.  Arriving  at  The  Dalles,  the  autumn 
was  spent  in  speculating  in  emigrant  cattle,  but 
through  the  severity  of  the  cold  and  winter 
storms  they  lost  heavily.  Mr.  Prather  then  went 
to  Portland  and  worked  in  a  sawmill  until  the 
spring  of  1853,  when  he  proceeded  to  Olympia, 
coming  by  the  Cowlitz  river  and  a  trail  leading 
through  the  brush  and  timber.  After  passing 
the  winter  on  a  farm  with  Nathan  Eton,  in  the 
spring  of  1854  he  took  part  in  the  first  land 
survey  in  the  Territory  and  helped  divide  tlie 
first  six  townshi])s,  in  one  of  which  Olympia  is 
located.  Thereafter  for  five  years  Mr.  Prather 
was  engaged  in  public  surveys,  both  east  and 
west  of  the  Cascade  mountains.  He  also  helped 
locate  the  militai-y  wagon  road  between  Fort 
Steilacoom  and  Bellingham  bay,  a  distance  of 
about  100  miles.  He  then  spent  about  three 
years  in  the  mines  of  British  Cohunbia  and 
Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  two  years  in  charge  of 
twelve  freight  teams,  in  freighting  from  Uma- 
tilla Landing  to  Bannock  and  Boise  City,  in  all 
having  passed  about  twelve  years  in  camp  life. 
He  next  spent  three  years  in  farming  and  the 
nursery  business  in  Thurston  county,  in  part- 
nership with  L.  D.  Durgan,  and  four  years  at 
Cape  Flattery  as  superintendent  of  farming  and 
in  teaching  the  Indians,  having  been  appointed 
to  the  position  by  General  T.  I.  McKinney, 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs. 

After  twenty-five  years'  i-esidence  upon  the 
coast,  in  1876  Mr.  Prather  took  a  trip  East,  by 
I'iiil,  thus  gaining  his  first  impression  of  steam 
cui-s,  which  seemed  to  him  a  marvel  of  mechanical 
skill.  He  visited  his  old  home  in  Missouri,  the 
Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia,  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia,  and  other  points 
of  historic  interest,  meeting  President  Grant, 
James  G.  Blaine,  Henry  AVard  Bcerhcr.  ainl 
other  men  of  prominencef. 


HIST0R7    OF    Wji8HlNGT0N. 


Upon  returning  to  Olympia,  be  was  appointed 
Warden  at  the  hospital  for  the  insane  at  Fort 
Steilacooin,  by  Eufus  Willard,  M.  D.,  and  there 
he  remained  about  three  years.  He  there  met 
Miss  Agnes  W.  Winsor,  assistant  matron  of  the 
institution,  to  wlioni  he  was  married  August  :.'6, 
1879,  and  in  the  fall  returned  with  liis  wife  to 
Olympia,  where  he  has  since  resided,  on  the 
corner  of  Fourth  and  AVashington  streets.  They 
have  had  two  children,  (twins,)  one  of  whom, 
Edith,  survives. 

During  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1855,  Mr. 
Prather  was  among  the  first  to  volunteer  in  the 
first  company  raised  by  Judge  Gilmoie  Hayes, 
and  was  elected  Sergeant.  In  1858  he  was 
elected  ISergeant-at-Anrs  of  the  Territorial 
House  of  liepresentatives,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1860.  He  helped  make  the  first  preliminary 
survey  of  the  Nortliern  Pacific  Railroad,  be- 
tween Seattle  and  Priest  rapids  on  the  Columbia 
river.  He  has  served  five  years  as  Commission- 
er of  Thurston  count)',  and  was  renominated 
for  that  office  by  the  Ilepnblican  party  in  con- 
vention at  Olympia,  July  80,  1892,  and  elected. 
He  has  frequently  been  mentioned  for  other 
local  offices,  but  has  repeatedly  declined  all 
nomination.  He  is  independent  and  outspoken, 
yet  withal  deeply  interested  in  the  development 
of  his  adopted  county,  and  is  well  known  and 
highly  esteemed  by  a  large  circle  of  friends  and 
residents  of  the  State. 


di    C.  IlOKK,  one  i.f  the  reiu-esentative  busi- 
I    ness    men   of  <)lyinpia,  AVathington,   was 
'    born    in    Waitsfii-ld,    \Vashington   county, 
Vermont,  Januaiy  17.  l^'-Vl. 

Ilis  paretits,  Koswell  and  Caroline  (Turner) 
Ilorr,  were  natives  of  Vermont,  descended  from 
early  pioneers  of  tlie  country.  Iloswell  Ilorr 
w  as  reared  a  fai-mer  and  also  learned  the  trade 
of  blacksiiiith,  which  occupation  he  followed 
until  1834,  in  his  native  State.  Then  he  moved 
hip  family  to  Ohio  and  settled  near  Cleveland, 
where  he  continued  the  same  industries,  and 
closed  his  life  in  1841.  leaving  a  bereaved  wife 
and  eight  small  cliiMrcii.  the  cMest  being  ten 
years  of  age.  Dy  piT^evrrin;^;  imiustry,  Mrs. 
Horr  reared  her  family  of  little  ones,  five  of 
whom  are  still  living  and  occupyintr  fields  of 
usefulness,  Hon.  IvosweH  G.  Horr,  of  Michigan, 


six  years  a  member  of  Congress;  Hon.  Kollin 
A.  Horr.  State  Senator  of  Ohio;  and  Charles 
W.  Ilorr,  of  Wellington,  Ohio,  a  prominent 
manufacturer  of  cheese,  and  President  of  the 
National  llolstein  Association,  being  of  the 
nnmbei-. 

•  lolin  ('.  Ilorr  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools,  and  also  attended  Oberlin  College,  Ohio, 
one  term ;  but  as  he  left  home  at  the  age  of  ten 
years,  and  from  that  time  on  earned  his  own 
support,  his  education  was  obtained  under  dif- 
ficulties. In  1858  he  was  attracted  to  Australia 
by  the  n)ining  excitement.  Finding,  however, 
that  mining  was  rather  unprofitable,  he  engaged 
as  stage  driver  for  Messrs.  Cobb  &  Co.,  the 
pi-ominent  stage-line  proprietors  of  that  coun- 
try, between  Melbourne,  Geelong  and  the  min- 
ing district.  After  one  year  of  driving,  Mr. 
Horr  was  appointed  manager,  and  continued  in 
that  capacity  seven  years.  He  then  bought  the 
stage  line  between  Ballarat  and  Ararat,  a  dis- 
tance of  seventy  miles,  and  carridl  the  mail, 
by  Government  contract,  until  iStj4.  after  which 
he  was  for  one  year  engaged  in  mining  specu- 
lations. In  1865  he  returned  to  Wellington, 
Ohio,  and,  in  partnership  with  his  brother, 
Charles  W.,  started  the  first  cheese  factory  in 
the  State  west  of  Cleveland,  and  the  large.-l 
factory  in  the  State  using  the  milk  of  1,80(1 
cows.  Mr.  Horr  superintended  the  factory  foi- 
three  years,  when,  owing  to  the  severity  of  tlie 
climate, — severe  to  him  after  living  in  Aus- 
tralia,—  his  health  became  much  impaired  and 
he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast.  Fird  settling 
near  Santa  Cruz,  California,  he  started  a  daii-y 
of  100  cows,  making  butter  and  cheese  and 
selling  milk.  In  1872  he  came  to  Olympia, 
Washino-ton.  and  engaged  in  the  furniture  busi- 
ness, wliicli  lir  ,-,„, I  inii'rd  till  February,  1881, 
when  he  \\a~  ajipointi-d  Special  Agent  of  the 
Treasury  by  Secretary  Sherman  during  his  last 
days  in  office.  Mr.  Iloi-r  was  then  stationed  at 
San  Francisco,  his  district  covering  C'alifornia, 
Oregon,  Washington  Territory  and  Alaska,  but, 
with  the  incoming  Cleveland  administration,  in 
1885,  he  was  retired.  lieturning  to  Olympia, 
he  engaged  in  the  hay  and  feed  business  on 
Fcnirth  street,  where  he  owns  90x250  feet,  all 
piled  and  covered  with  buildings  and  wharf  for 
business  purposes.  As  a  silent  partner,  he  is 
still  interested  in  the  furniture  business  with 
J.  Meacham  &  Company.  He  built  the  Ilorr 
block,  corner  of  Fourth  and  Main  streets,  dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1884.      He   is   prominently 


Hlf^TORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


connected  with  the  business  affairs  of  the  city, 
and  by  public  spirit  and  enterprise  is  second  to 
none  in  the  work  of  development. 

Politically,  Mr.  Horr  is  a  Republican.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  by  his  party  to  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature,  and  during^  the  same  year 
was  elected  Major  of  Olynipia.  He  was  re- 
elected to  the  latter  ofhce  in  1881.  In  Novem- 
ber, 189§,  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  State  Senator  for  the  terra  of  four  years, 
and  during  the  last  session  was  Chairman  of  the 
Fishery  Committee,  and  a  member  of  several 
other  important  committees.  Socially,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  and  B.  F.  O.  E. 

Mr.  Horr  was  nuxrried  in  Australia,  in  18(J4, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  T.  Upton.  Their  only  child, 
Pearl,  is  deceased. 


QEORGE  S.  ALLEN,  Vice-President  of 
I  the  Olympia  Door  &  Lumber  Company, 
Olympia,  Washington,  was  born  in  Co- 
^^  lumbia  Falls,  Washington  county,  Maine, 
March  10,  1847,  son  of  Joseph  S.  and  Jerusha 
A.  (Puffer)  Allen,  natives  of  that  same  locality. 
His  father  was  a  ship  carpenter,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  his  trade  also  carried  on  a  small  farm. 
George  S.  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  eighteen,  at  which  time  he  went  to  Lower 
Falls,  near  Boston,  and  learned  the  trade  of 
blacksmitii.  Returning  to  Columbia  Falls,  he 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1868.  That  year  he 
came  by  rail  to  the  Pacific  coast.  From  San 
Francisco  he  proceeded  to  Coos  bay,  Oregon, 
whence  he  subsequently  went  to  Salem,  at  the 
latter  place  remaining  for  about  two  years  as 
superintendent  of  the  blacksmith  shop  and 
carriage  manfactory  of  Charles  Bowie.  Then 
he  came  to  Washington  Territory  and  w^as  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Tacoma,  opening  the  first 
blacksmith  shop  in  that  city.  After  about  one 
year  he  moved  to  Tumwater  and  engaged  with 
William  H.  Horton,  assisting  him  in  the  erec- 
tion of  new  work  for  the  manufacture  of  his 
Wdoden  water  conduit,  and  then  sujperintending 
his  factory  for  about  three  years. 
**  Upon  his  ai-rival  in  Olympia,  Mr.  Allen  be- 
came a  member  of  the  co-partnership  of  Allen 
&  Titus,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wagons,  also  doing  general  blacksmithing  and 
machine  work,     About  three  years  later  Mr. 


Titus  sold  his  interest  to  Edward  Harkness,  and 
the  firm  of  Allen  &  Harkness  continued  the 
same  industries  for  one  year.  They  then  pur- 
chased the  steamboat  Capital,  which  they  re- 
built and  refitted  and  operated  about  the  head- 
waters of  the  Sound,  doing  a  general  passenger, 
freight  and  jobbing  business.  Subsequently 
they  traded  for  the  steamer  Daisy,  then  pur- 
chased the  old  Miller  sawmill,  the  pioneer  mill 
of  Olympia,  removed  the  boiler  from  the  Daisy 
to  the  mill  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, the  mill  then  having  a  ca|)acity  of  about 
4,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day.  With  the  gradual 
increase  of  business,  they  began  improving 
their  plant  and  facilities  until  the  capacity  was 
increased  to  50,000  feet  per  day.  In  1890  they 
started  the  Olympia  Foundry  &  Machine  Shop 
and  operated  the  same  about  six  months.  The 
enterprise  was  then  sold  to  a  stock  company 
which  broke  up  about  eighteen  months  after- 
ward, whereupon  Mr.  Allen  purchased  the  en- 
tire business  and  resumed  operations. 

In  1891  he  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr. 
Harkness  in  the  lumber  mill,  and  continued  the 
business  alone  until  June,  1892,  when  he  con- 
solidated with  Springer  it  White,  manufacturers 
of  sash,  doors,  shingles  and  builders'  supplies, 
and  thus  formed  the  Olympia  Door  &  Lumber 
Company,  with  C.  H.  Springer,  president; 
George  S.  Allen,  vice-president,  and  Allen 
White,  secretary.  They  continue  the  manu- 
facture of  lumber,  shingles  and  builders'  sup- 
plies, with  a  cedar  mill  at  Elma,   Washington. 

Mr.  Allen  was  married  in  Olympia  in  1877, 
to  Miss  Annie  Farquhar,  a  native  of  California, 
and  a  daughter  of  A.  P'arquhar.  They  have 
six  children,  namely:  Harry  F.,  Mary  A., 
Georgia,  Benjamin  J.,  Joseph  S.  and  Bessie. 

Socially,  Mr.  Allen  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O. 
O.  F.  He  owns  valuable  real  estate  in  the  city, 
and  through  his  progressive  enterprise  has  done 
much  toward  developing  the  town  of  his  adop- 
tion. 


DUVID  K.  STEVENS,  one  of  the  ablest 
'  lawyers  at  the  bar  of  Washington,  and  a 
— -'  member  of  the  firm  of  Stevens,  Seymour 
&  Sharpstein,  at  Tacoma,  was  born  in  Fitch- 
burg,  Massachusetts,  August  12,  1860.  His 
parents,  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Fay)  Stevens,  were 
also  natives  of  New  England,  the  former  born 
in  Marshfield,  Massachusetts,  and  the  latter  in 


a  y;FJLJ^ 


nr STORY  OF  WAsniNoroN. 


Barre,  Massachusetts.  Both  descended  from 
early  New  England  ancestors,  the  Stevens  fam- 
ily  beino;    an   old    one  on    the   south    shore   of 


Massachusetts.  The  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  for  many  years  associated  with 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  esteemed  alike  for  his 
eminent  business  qualifications  and  for  his 
worth  as  a  man. 

Mr.  Stevens,  of  this  notice,  was  reared  and 
received  his  preliminary  education  in  his  native 
city,  graduatincr  at  the  Fitchburg  high  school 
in  1877.  In  1«78  he  went  to  St.  Albans,  Ver- 
mont, where  he  entered  the  otKce  of  Henry  R. 
Start,  then  State's  Attorney.  He  subsequently 
went  to  the  Boston  University,  where  he  com- 
pleted a  course,  graduating  in  1881.  He  then 
entered  the  office  of  the  dean  of  the  University, 
Judge  Bennett,  and  in  the  following  September 
was  admitted  to  the  bar. 

He  began  his  practice  at  Taunton,  Massaciiu- 
setts,  but  soon  formed  a  partnership,  the  follow- 
ing January,  with  Charles  H.  Blood,  which  firm 
afterward  removed  to  Boston.  Induced  by  the 
liberal  opportunities  afforded  in  the  Northwest 
to  men  of  energy  and  ability,  Mr.  Stevens,  in 
December,  1889,  came  to  Washington  and  cast 
his  lot  with  Tacoma,  opening  an  office  in  that 
city,  in  partnership  with  Judge  Theodore  L. 
Stiles,  on  April  1,  1890.  This  firm  continued 
with  marked  success  until  the  election  of  Judge 
Stiles  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State.  The  dissolution  of  this  partnership  was 
at  once  followed  by  the  formation  of  another 
equally  strong,  comprising  Mr.  Stevens,  W.  H. 
Doolittle  and  W.  H.  Pritchard,  and  some  time 
later  B.  S.  Grosscup  joined  them.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1891,  Mr.  Doolittle  (now  Congressman  from 
AYashington)  retired,  and  Charles  W.  Seymour 
joined  the  firm,  which  remained  unchanged 
until  the  fall  of  1892,  when  Mr.  Pritchard  was 
elected  to  the  Superior  bench,  while  Mr.  Gross- 
cup  accepted  permanent  employment  in  Everett, 
necessitating  his  removal  to  that  city.  Then 
W.  C.  Sharpstein  became  associated  witli  Messrs. 
Stevens  and  Seymour,  while  F.  S.  Blattner,  who 
had  been  for  three  years  in  charge  of  the  com- 
mercial department  of  the  firm,  was  taken  into 
partnership,  under  the  present  title  of  Stevens, 
Seymour  &  Sharpstein,  which  has  existed  since 
December  1,  1892.  This  firm,  under  its  vari- 
ous transformations,  has  enjoyed  marked  suc- 
cess, much  of  its  prosperity  being  attributable 
to  Mr.  Stevens'  reputation  for  uprightness  and 
etiiciency. 

47 


A  stanch  Republican  in  politics,  Mr.  Stevens 
cannot  be  called  a  politician  in  the  strict  accepta- 
tion of  that  term,  but  is  rather  entitled  to  the 
name  of  statesman,  his  association  with  n;en 
having  been  signalized  by  the  political  advance- 
ment of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  He 
is  an  active  member  of  the  Bar  Association,  and 
socially  belongs  to  the  Union  Club  of  Tacoma. 

November  25, 1884,  Mr.  Stevens  was  married, 
in  Vermont,  to  Miss  Jennie  E.  Waite,  a  native 
of  that  State,  and  a  descendant  of  an  old  and 
honored  family.  They  have  one  child,  Ruth,  a 
dainty  little  maiden  of  seven  summers  (1893). 

An  able  lawyer,  courteous  gentleman,  and 
honored  citizen  of  Tacoma,  Mr.  Stevens  has  a 
bright  prospect  before  him,  and  enjoys  the  best 
wishes  of  all  for  his  continued  success  and  hap- 
piness. 


DR.  YANCY  C.  BLALOCK,  a  prominent 
medical    practitioner    of    AValla    Walla, 
was    born     in    Mitchell    County,    North 

Carolina,  August  3,  1859.  When  our  subject 
was  but  two  years  of  age,  his  father,  Dr.  Nel- 
son G.  Blalock,  of  this  city,  moved  to  Illinois, 
where  they  remained  until  1873.  They  then 
came  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  where 
Yancey  engaged  in  work  on  a  farm,  and  in  a 
sawmill,  receiving  only  a  common-school  edu- 
cation. In  1880  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, under  the  preceptorship  of  his  father,  later 
attended  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  received  his  diploma  in  the  spring 
of  1884.  Dr.  Blalock  then  began  the  practice 
of  medicine  with  his  father  in  this  city,  but  he 
now  follows  his  profession  alone.  The  Doctor 
served  as  Health  Officer  of  this  city  from  1887 
to  1890,  was  elected  Coroner  in  1888,  re-elected 
ill  1890,  and  his  term  expired  in  January, 
1893. 

In  1883  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Julia  Sanderson,  a  native  of  Walla 
Walla,  and  a  daughter  of  Henry  Sanderson. 
Mrs.  Blalock  died  in  1885,  leaving  one  son, 
Jesse,  now  a  bright  boy  of  seven  years.  The 
Doctor  was  afterward  married  to  Miss  Lillie 
Ballon,  a  native  of  Umatilla  county,  Oregon. 
Dr.  Blalock  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 
has  filled  the  offices  in  the  blue  lodge,  served  as 
High  Priest  in  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter  foi-  the 
past  three  years,  and  is  at  present  Grand  Secre- 


HISTOMT    OF    W.iSHINGTON. 


tary  of  Grand  Chapter,  and  Grand  Recorder  of 
Grand  Commandery.  Politically,  he  afiiliates 
with  the  Democratic  party.  Dr.  Blalock  has 
a  beautiful  home  in  the  city  of  Walla  Walla. 


BENJAMIN  VINCENT,  manufacturer  of 
and  dealer  in  boots  and  shoes  at  Olym- 
pia,  was  born   in  Wallace,  Cumberland 
county.  Nova  Scotia,  in  1884. 

His  parents,  Joshua,  and  Hannah  (Treen) 
Vincent,  were  also  ^latives  of  Cumberland 
county,  Nova  Scotia,  and  were  descendants  of 
the  refugees  who  were  there  prior  to  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  Joshua  Vincent  was  by  trade 
and  occupation  a  millwright  and  was  also  inter- 
ested in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  superintended 
the  construction  of  saw  and  flour  mills  all  over 
the  province. 

Benjamin  A'ineent  was  the  first  born  in  a 
family  of  twelve  children;  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  educated  iu  the  schools  near  his  home. 
When  he  was  twenty  years  old  he  started  out 
in  life  for  himself.  Going  to  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, he  found  employment  as  driver  of  a 
milk  wagon,  and  was  thus  engaged  for  three 
years.  Then  he  went  to  Med  way,  Massachu- 
setts, and  in  a  large  boot  and  shoe  factory 
learned  the  trade  of  crimping  boots. 

In  1866  Mr.  Vincent  made  a  prospecting 
tour  of  the  Pacific  coast,  coming  by  steamer 
and  the  Nicaragua  route  to  San  Francisco,  thence 
to  Portland  and  from  there  across  the  mount- 
ains on  foot  to  Seattle  to  join  his  cousin,  L.  A. 
Treen,  who  came  to  the  coast  in  1865,  via  the 
Strait  of  Magellan,  with  the  Asa  Mercer 
colony  tliat  made  settlement  in  the  vicinity  of 
of  Seattle.  Mr.  Treen  was  manufacturing 
boots  and  shoes  at  Seattle,  but  iu  the  spring  of 
1867  moved  his  factory  to  Olympia.  Mr.  Vin- 
cent was  in  his  employ  until  1869,  when  he  re- 
turned East.  The  following  year  he  brought 
his  family  to  Olympia,  and  he  again  entered 
the  factory,  this  time  as  a  partner  with  Mr. 
Treen.  At  the  end  of  one  year  the  partnership 
was  dissolved.  Mr.  Vincent  then  formed  a  co- 
partnership with  George  B.  Capen,  opened  a 
manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  after  three 
years  purchased  the  entire  interest,  having  since 
conducted  the  establishment  alone.  He  also 
carries  a  large  manufactured  stock  in  all  grades 
and  finish. 


Mr.  Vincent  was  married  in  Medwdy,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1864,  to  Miss  Samantha  Darling,  a 
native  of  New  Vork,  born  on  Grindstone  island 
in  the  St.  Lawrence  river.  She  died  in  1886, 
leaving  four  children,  George,  Benjamin,  Jr., 
Philip  and  Mabel.  In  1888  he  was  married 
in  Olympia  to  Mrs.  Laura  A.  (Wooster)  Hood, 
a  native  of  Maine. 

Socially,  Mr.  Vincent  is  a  member  of  the  F. 
&  A.  M.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  owns  valu- 
able residence  property  in  Olympia,  and  is  to- 
day the  only  boot  and  shoe  manufacturer  in  this 
city.  He  devotes  his  whole  time  and  energy  to 
his  business  affairs,  and  to  his  natural  ability, 
his  integrity  and  his  perseverance  is  due  the 
success  he  has  attained. 


RS.  SAMANTHA  CROLL,  nee  Pack- 
wood,  is  the  daughter  of  William  and 
Rhoda  (Prothers)  Packwood,  well 
known  pioneers  of  Thurston  county, 
Washington,  Mrs.  CroU  was  born  in  Monroe 
county,  Missouri,  June  10,  1836,  and  crossed 
the  plains  with  her  parents  in  1844,  experienc- 
ing all  of  the  hardships  and  some  of  the  great- 
est suffering  incidental  to  frontier  life.  In 
1854,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  she  was  first  mar- 
ried to  S.  N.  Woodruff,  also  a  pioneer  of  Wash- 
ington. They  had  three  children,  all  of  whom 
are  now  living  and  married,  viz.:  W.  H.  Wood- 
ruff', Mary  E.  McKenzie  and  Ella  J.  Olson. 
Mrs.  Woodruff  obtained  a  divorce  from  her  first 
husband,  and  then  conducted  her  farm  in  a 
most  able  manner,  her  work  comparing  favor- 
ably with  that  of  any  man  in  her  vicinity — 
which  fact  is  not  mentioned  as  peculiar,  but  as 
evidence  of  her  energy  and  determination, 
which  were  supplemented  by  an  intelligent  com- 
prehension of  her  work.  She  continued  the 
management  of  the  farm  herself  until  her  mar- 
riage to  Jacob  Croll,  in  1868,  when  he  began  to 
assist  her  iu  its  care.  Jacob  Croll,  also  a  pio^ 
neer  of  Washington,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
December  3,  1828,  and  was  a  son  of  H. 
and  Elizabeth  (SchuU)  Croll,  also  natives 
of  the  Keystone  State.  In  an  early  day 
Jaco!)  Croll  left  the  State  of  his  birth  and 
went  to  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  lumber  business  until  1852,  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Olympia,  Washington. 
Here  also  he  followed    lumbering,    being  em. 


HIsroRT    OP     WASHINGTON. 


ployed  in  a  sawmill.  In  1853  he  took  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  640  acres,  at  the  same  time  pursu- 
ing his  work  in  the  mill  at  Tumwater.  He 
continued  to  be  thus  occupied  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Indian  war,  when  he  was  a  volun- 
teer in  the  service  of  his  country,  most  of  his 
service  in  the  war  being  in  eastern  Washington, 
although  he  participated  in  one  skirmish  at 
Mound  Prairie,  in  the  western  part  of  the  Ter- 
ritory, doing  ethcient  work  in  the  protection  of 
his  adopted  home.  The  remainder  of  his  life 
was  passed  in  agricultural  pursuits,  his  death 
occurring  in  1886,  in  the  lifty-eighth  year  of 
his  age.  He  left  a  family  and  many  friends  to 
mourn  his  loss.  He  was  a  man  of  integrity, 
energy  and  ability,  a  good  husband,  indulgent 
father  and  public  spirited  citizen. 

He  left  a  widow  and  three  children:  Lena  E., 
now  Mrs.  Johnson;  Lucy  B.  CroU,  w-ho  is  at- 
tending the  art  school  in  San  Francisco,  and 
gives  fair  promise  of  becoming  a  celebrated  art- 
ist, as  her  lirst  work  is  far  beyound  some  of  our 
popular  artists;  George  Croll  is  married  and 
lives  with  his  mother,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
He  has  one  daughter,  Dorothy  Croll,  and  thus 
may  we  find  in  this  home  four  generations: 
Rhuda  Packwood,  the  great  grandmother;  Sa- 
mantha  Croll,  the  grandmother;  Mrs.  George 
Croll,  the  mother;  and  the  little  child,  Dorothy 
Croll, — a  circumstance  of  unusual  occurence. 

Mrs.  Samantha  Croll  has  a  large  and  finely 
cultivated  farm,  which  is  well  stocked,  and  im- 
proved, with  a  good  residence  and  substantial 
barns, — the  whole  breathing  an  air  of  thrift  and 
contentment,  the  typical  home  of  an  intelligent 
and  refined  woman. 


JJDLIUS  HOPTOX,  of  Georgetown,  King 
^/\\  county,  "Washington,  was  born  in  Cather- 
^!^  ine  township.  New  York,  March  15, 1834, 
a  son  of  Darius  and  Hannah  (Olmsted)  Horton, 
of  IMew  England  birth  and  Puritan  ancestry. 
They  removed  to  De  Kalb  county,  Illinois,  with 
the  pioneers  of  1840,  located  on  wild  land,  but 
reclaimed  and  improved  a  tine  farm. 

Julius  Horton  attended  the  schools  of  De 
Kalb  county,  but  by  reason  of  the  death  of  his 
father,  the  responsibilities  of  life  were  assumed 
at  an  early  age,  and  his  efforts  were  employed 
in  assisting  and  caring  for  his  mother.  He  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  iiutil  1863,  and 


from  that  time  until  1869  conducted  a  small 
country  store.  In  the  latter  year  he  closed  out 
his  interests  and  with  his  wife  and  two  children 
started  for  Seattle,  where  his  brother,  Dexter 
Horton,  resided,  having  been  one  of  the  pio- 
neers and  influential  business  men  of  this  city. 
Our  subject  crossed  the  continent  by  rail  to  San 
Francisco,  and  thence  by  sailing  vessel  to  Seat- 
tle, twenty-one  days  having  been  consumed  on 
the  voyage,  landing  September  3,  1869.  He 
first  purchased  a  one-half  interest  in  160  acres 
of  land  on  tlie  Dwamish  river,  which  was  a  part 
of  the  original  donation  claim  of  Luther  M. 
Collins,  but  at  that  time  owned  by  William  H. 
Shandy.  Mr.  Horton  rented  his  land  and  re- 
sided in  Seattle  until  1871,  after  which  he  "fol- 
lowed agricultural  pursuits,  growing  a  variety 
of  farm  products,  and  subsequently  engaging  in 
tbe  hop  business.  With  the  demand  for  prop- 
erty in  1880,  he  began  selling  his  land  in  acre 
tiacts,  and  in  1890  filed  the  first  town  site, 
which  he  named  Georgetown,  and  which  has 
since  become  a  prosperous  settlement. 

Mr.  Horton  was  married  in  DeKalb  county, 
Illinois,  in  1861,  to  Miss  Annie  E.  Bigeh)W,  a 
native  of  Michigan.  They  have  four  children: 
George  M.  a  practicing  physician  of  Seattle; 
Dora  H.,  now  Mrs  Frank  Ball;  Maud  M.  and 
Howard  D.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Horton  is 
a  Republican,  has  served  as  Assessor  for  King 
county  for  eight  years,  and  is  now  Assistant 
Postmaster  at,  Georgetown,  with  his  daughter, 
Dora  H.  Ball,  as  principal.  He  is  also  a 
stockholder  and  director  of  the  Pnget  Sound 
Savings  Bank.  Death  has  never  entered  the 
Horton  family,  although  their  lives  have  been 
attended  with  the  usual  privations  and  suffer- 
ings of  the  heroic  pioneer.  In  1890  Mr.  Hor- 
ton built  in  Georgetown  a  handsome  home, 
where  the  family  now  reside,  in  the  enjoyment 
of  every  comfort,  and  surrounded  by  friends 
made  dear  to  them  by  e.xperience  and  associa- 
tion. 


TfJfON.    THOMAS  J.  ANDERS,   the  first 
Ipj     Chief  Justice  of  Washington,  of  which 
J     41    State  he  was  a  pioneer,    contributing  his 
^/  t<hare  toward  its  development  and  moral 

welfare  was  born  near  the  town  of  Republic,  in 
Seneca  county,  Ohio,  April  4,  1838.  His 
father,  William  H.  Anders,  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia and  was  reared  on  a  farm,     In  early  man- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


hood  tlie  latter  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  was 
married  and  was  engaged  in  farming.  In  1856, 
he  joined  the  westward  tide  of  emigration,  re- 
moving to  La  Crosse  county,  Wisconsin,  and 
there  the  father  foUowed  the  lumber  business 
through  life. 

Thomas  J.  Anders,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
improved  the  educational  advantages  offered  by 
the  district  schools,  and  then,  with  limited 
means,  but  with  an  indomitable  desire  for  an 
education  he  entered  the  Seneca  County  Acad- 
emy, located  at  Republic,  which  was  at  that 
time  the  representative  school  of  the  State. 
Gifted  with  an  active  and  retentive  mind,  his 
progress  was  very  rapid  as  resulting  from  hi.-, 
indefatigable  perseverance,  and,  at  the  age  uf 
seventeen,  he  was  qualified  to  teach  in  the 
country  schools  in  the  vicinity  of  Republic,  and 
subsequently  taught  in  the  Academy.  He  was 
also  elected  a  member  of  tiie  School  lioard  of 
Republic  and  although  but  seventeen  years  of 
age,  his  disciplined  mind  and  argumentative 
ability  placed  him,  iu  educational  interests,  be- 
side those  of  advanced  years.  This  ambitious 
youth  spent  his  time  out  of  school  hours  in  the 
prosecution  of  special  studies  and  in  reading 
Kent  and  Blackstone,  with  a  view  of  ultimately 
making  the  law  his  profession.  As  an  evidence 
of  his  thorough  work  in  this  direction  is  the 
fact  that,  in  1859,  he  entered  the  law  depart- 
ment of  Michigan  University,  at  which  he  grad- 
uated two  years  later  among  the  lirst  graduates 
of  that  department.  This  self-reliant  young 
man  then  removed  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  was 
occupied  two  winters  in  teaching  school  and  in 
the  prosecution  of  his  profession,  as  occasion 
permitted.  But  his  arduous  studies  of  previous 
years  and  the  close  confinement  of  school  work 
began  to  tell  even  on  his  adamantine  frame. 
He  sought  a  variation  by  roughing  it  to  Mon- 
tana, making  the  trip  thither  with  ox  teams,  tlie 
only  mode  of  transportation  in  that  day,  and 
engaged  in  mining  in  various  capacities  in  that 
State.  He  remained  there  until  1871  and  then 
crossed  the  intervening  mountains  to  Washing- 
ton Territory,  where,  in  November,  he  settled 
in  AValla  Walla,  opening  his  first  office  for  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  This  town  was  then 
the  chief  city  of  the  Territory,  having  a  popula- 
tion of  2,500  inhabitants.  Mr.  Anders'  advance- 
ment was  merited  and  rapid.  In  1872,  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  district 
covering  Yakima  and  the  eastern  counties  to  the 
British  line.     When  holding   court  in  remote 


districts,  the  judicial  functionaries  formed  them- 
selves into  camping  parties  and  lived  in  tents. 
This  experience  was  not  without  its  enjoyments, 
having,  at  least,  the  charm  of  novelty,  and  the 
town's  people  frequently  entertained  them  with 
a  dance  just  prior  to  adjournment.  Mr.  Anders 
served  continuously  for  six  years  in  his  capacity 
of  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  was  then  elected 
C'ity  Attorney,  which  office  he  resigned  after  a 
few  months  of  service.  In  1886,  he  was  again 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney,  to  which  position 
he  was  re-elected  in  1888,  resigning  that  office 
the  following  year  to  accept  that  of  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  State,  to  which  he  was  unanimously 
elected  by  the  Supreme  Court,  and  which  he 
tilled  with  eminent  ability  and  honor.  At  the 
general  election  in  November,  1892,  Judge 
Anders  was  re-elected  as  a  member  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

Judge  Anders  was  married  at  Walla  Walla,  in 
1873,  to  Miss  Viola  Hull,  an  intelligent  and 
estimable  lady,  a  native  of  California  and 
daughter  of  Orley  Hull,  one  of  the  argonauts 
of  that  State.  They  have  had  five  children, 
four  of  whom  survive:  Orley  H.,  deceased; 
William  H.;  Imogene;  Thomas  J.;  and  Grace. 

The  Judge  was  among  the  early  members  of 
the  first  lodge  organized  in  the  Territory  by  the 
Knights  of  Pythias. 

Judge  Anders  has  by  undeviatingadherence  to 
duty  in  all  the  walks  of  life  gained  not  only  the 
highest  respect  of  the  judiciary  throughout  the 
Northwest,  but  the  affectionate  regard  of  the  en- 
tire people. 


n\U.  JAMES  DORR,  of  Walla  Walla, 
)  Washington,  was  born  in  Yoik  county, 
— -'  Maine,  December  27,  1829,  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Eliza  (Stackpule)  Dorr,  the  former 
a  native  of  Maine  and  the  latter  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. The  father,  a  freighter  by  occupation, 
died,  April  18,  1845,  aged  thirty-nine  years, 
leaving  nine  children,  our  subject  being  the 
second  in  order  of  birth.  The  mother  died, 
July  5,  1888,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  Five 
of  their  children  are  now  living. 

James,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  received 
only  a  limited  education,  and  when  only  a  boy 
was  employed  as  weaver  in  a  cotton  mill,  follow- 
ing that  occupation  until  twenty-five  years  old. 
Having  a  good  voice,  he  then  engaged  in  teaching 
music,  and  also  in   learning  the  photographer's 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


trade,  following  botli  occupations  nutil  1854. 
Ml-.  Dorr  then  spent  a  short  time  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, next  went  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and 
in  1869  returned  to  the  former  city.  In  the  fall 
of  1869  he  entered  a  dental  college  in  Boston, 
remaining  in  that  city  four  years,  since  which 
time  he  has  resided  in  Walla  Walla,  Washing- 
ton. Mr.  Dorr  now  carries  a  full  line  of  mus- 
ical instruments,  pianos  and  organs,  in  connec- 
tion with  his  photography  business.  lie  has 
built  up  an  extensive  trade;  also  owns  a  ranch 
in  Walla  Walla  county,  and  his  residence  in  this 
city. 

The  Doctor  was  married  September  15,  1861, 
to  Miss  Emma  J.  Frost,  a  native  of  Dexter, 
Maine.  She  died  November  22,  1888,  at  the 
age  of  forty-eight  years.  In  May,  1891,  Mr. 
Dorr  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Lizzie 
Densmore,  a  native  of  Canada,  who  came  to 
Walla  Walla,  Washington,  in  1884.  Our  sub- 
ject was  formerly  identified  with  the  llepubli- 
can  party,  having  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  John  C.  Fremont,  but  he  now  acts  with  the 
Pi-ohibition  party.  He  is  now  a  candidate  for 
the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Feace.  Socially,  he 
is  a  inemlier  of  the  Masonic  order,  P)hie  ^lount- 
ain  Lodge,  No.  13,  of  Walla  Walla,  in  which 
he  has  filled  many  positions  of  trust.  Mr. 
Dorr  is  now  sixty-three  years  of  age,  and  has 
never  taken  a  drink  of  alcoholic  liquor  or  used 
tobacco  in  any  form.  He  still  has  a  very  fine 
voice,  and  gives  great  attention  to  his  music, 
both  instrumental  and  vocal. 

— ^^^-^w-^ — 

DR.  J.  F.  HARRIS,  the  leading  physician 
j  of  Medical  Lake,  Washington,  was  born 
in  Iowa  in  1853,  the  oldest  of  a  family 

of  six  children.  Ilis  parents,  John  Q.  and 
Emeline  (Shelton)  Harris,  natives  of  Indiana, 
moved  to  Iowa  at  an  early  day,  where  his  father 
was  a  prominent  teacher  for  many  years.  He 
was  by  trade  a  carpenter  and  millwright.  His 
death  occurred  in  Missouri  in  1865,  after  a  serv- 
ice of  three  years  and  four  months  in  the  army. 
The  mother  passed  away  in  April,  1891. 

After  completing  his  course  in  the  public 
schools,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  began  the 
study  of  medicine  in  Missouri.  This  was  in 
1876.  He  graduated  in  1882  at  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  and  at  once  be- 
gan the  practice  of    his  profession  in  Missouri, 


continuing  tliere  until  1889,  when  he  came  to 
Medical  Lake,  Washington.  Here  he  lias  since 
conducted  a  general  practice,  giving  special  at- 
tention to  the  study  and  use  of  electricity.  His 
many  estimable  qualities  and  his  thorough 
knowledge  of  his  profession  at  once  won  for  the 
Doctor  the  confidence  of  the  people  at  Medical 
Lake,  where  he  has  made  many  warm  friends. 
He  is  public-spirited  and  generous,  ever  ready 
to  aid  in  the  advancement  of  any  measure  that 
has  for  its  object  the  welfare  of  his  vicinity. 

Dr.  Harris  was  married  in  1872  to  Miss 
Mary  B.  Griffin,  who  was  born  in  Kentucky 
and  reared  in  Missouri.  They  have  three  child- 
ren: W.  A.,  Omer  E.  and  Elmina  V.  Mrs. 
Harris  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church.  The  Doctor  is  both  a  Mason  and  an 
Odd  Fellow. 


JOHN  KEN  NEY,  a  highly  respected  farm- 
er of  Klickitat  county,  residing  nearGold- 
endale  on  the  Little  Klickitat  river,  is  the 
subject  of  the  following  biographical  notice. 
He  has  lived  on  the  Pacific  coast  since  1856, 
and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  county  for  more 
than  twenty-three  years.  His  latch-string  has 
always  i)een  within  easy  reach  of  the  stranger, 
and  the  red-man  has  found  in  him  a  warm  and 
trusted  friend.  His  native  country  is  Ireland; 
there  he  was  born  in  county  (ialway,  October 
6,  1820,  the  son  of  William  and  Ann  (Moher) 
Kenney,  and  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  fifteen 
children.  In  early  manhood  he  crossed  the  sea 
to  America,  his  parents  following  him  later, 
about  the  year  1864,  and  settling  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  they  passed  the  remainder  of  their 
days. 

John  Kenney's  first  home  in  the  land  of  his 
adoption  was  in  Greenwich,  Connecticut,  where 
he  was  employed  in  ship  carpentry  for  a  period 
of  two  years;  thence  he  went  to  Virginia,  and 
remained  in  the  South  until  1855.  While  a 
resident  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  he  enlisted  in 
the  United  States  army,  joining  Company  I, 
Ninth  Infantry.  His  first  services  were  at 
Fortress  Monroe,  where  lie  sustained,  in  the 
conflagration,  injuries  from  which  he  has  never 
recovered.  His  command  was  ordered  to  the 
AVest,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Vancouver,  March  6, 
1856;  he  was  honorably  discharged  the  follow- 
ing year.     After  leaving  the  army  he  rented  on 


'}o4 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Governmeut  island  a  tract  of  land  which  he 
cnltivated  for  live  years.  Then  he  came  to 
Washington  and  took  up  160  acres  of  land  in 
Clarke  ccninty;  this  he  sohi  and  came  to  his 
present  farm  in  1870;  he  has  260  acres  of  fine 
farming  land,  100  being  in  an  advanced  state 
of  cultivation ;  in  1879  he  set  ten  and  one-half 
acres  to  poplar  and  other  trees,  and  now  has  a 
magnificent  grove,  some  of  the  trees  being 
fully  fifty  feet  in  height.  Eager  to  develop 
every  resource  of  the  land  he  began  the 
cultivation  of  many  kinds  of  fruit,  and  has  one 
of  the  choicest  orchards  in  the  county;  he  also 
enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  pioneer 
fruit-grower. 

Politically,  he  is  allied  with  the  progressive 
wing  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  and  his 
family  are  devout  members  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church. 

Mr.  Kenney  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Catherine  Collins,  a  native  of  Ireland,  in  the 
city  of  Baltimore,  in  March,  1854,  and  they  are 
the  parents  of  eleven  living  children:  William 
H.;  Mary,  the  wife  of  Michael  Savage;  Cath- 
erine, the  wife  of  James  Murphy;  Charles; 
John;  Jane,  the  wife  of  J.  H.  V.  Crane,  of  Ta- 
coma;  Joseph;  George;  Justine,  the  wife  of  T. 
J.  Thompson;  Louisa;  and  Theresa,  who  is 
known  as  sister  Mary  Racinda,  of  Olympia. 
One  son  and  two  daughters  are  deceased. 

After  his  discharge  from  the  army  Mr.  Ken- 
ney made  an  agreement  with  the  Government  to 
reside  near  the  Indian  reservation  in  order  to 
aid  in  averting  trouble  between  the  Indians 
and  the  whites,  by  seeing  that  the  rights  of 
each  were  protected.  June  27,  1873,  trouble 
arose  regarding  the  stealing  of  a  horse  by  an 
Indian,  who  disposed  of  the  horse  to  a  white 
man.  The  Indian  agent,  James  H.  Wilbur, 
wrote  to  Mr.  Kenney  and  directed  him  to  ef- 
fect a  settlement  of  tlie  difficulty  if  possible, 
and  this  he  did  to  the  satisfaction  of  both 
parties  concerned,  the  loss  being  equally  di- 
vided between  the  original  owner  and  the  man 
to  whom  the  horse  had  been  sold.  Within  the 
year  1887,  in  which  year  occurred  the  massacre 
of  Mr.  Perkins  and  his  wife  by  the  Bannock 
Indians,  there  were  stopping  at  Mr.  Kenney's 
place  four  families,  who  had  come  from  the 
Eastern  States:  E.  B.  Wise  and  wife,  Martin 
Foreman  and  family,  Mr.  Miller  and  family, 
and  Arthur  Beemis  and  family — all  of  whom 
were  looking  for  homes.  The  inimical  attitude 
of    the    Indians  and    the    massacre    noted    had 


caused  wide  spread  consternation  among  the  set- 
tlers, many  of  whom  were  resorting  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  other  points  for  safety.  Our  sub- 
ject sent  to  the  Sisters  of  Charity  at  Yakima 
City  for  an  order  for  doors,  windows  and  nails 
that  were  lying  at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and 
when  their  order  was  secured  he  set  forth  for 
The  Dalles  with  a  four-horse  team,  being  ac- 
companied by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wise.  Arriving 
at  his  destination  Mr.  Kenney  loaded  his  wagon 
and  prepared  to  start  out  for  Vakima.  Whilehe 
was  at  The  Dalles  a  company  of  soldiers  passed 
through  on  the  railroad  for  the  purpose  of  going 
to  the  scene  of  trouble  and  suppressing  the  In- 
dians. Mr.  Kenney  then  started  for  Yakima, 
and  when  he  reached  Goldendale,  thirty  miles 
from  The  Dalles,  he  fonnd  the  people  arming 
themselves  and  preparing  to  fight  the  hostile 
red-men.  He  was  reproached  for  attempting  to 
venture  on  so  perilous  a  trip,  and  the  County 
Aiiditor  agreed  to  furnish  him  with  what  fire- 
arms he  needed.  This  proffer  Mr.  Kenney  re- 
fused, stating  that  he  did  not  need  arms  as  he 
had  confidence  in  the  Indians.  He  continued 
his  journey  until  he  reached  Taflenitt,  on  the 
reservation,  where  he  was  entirely  surrounded 
by  Indians.  While  there  the  agent,  Mr.  Wil- 
bur, approached  him  and  manifested  not  a  little 
surprise  and  even  consternation  at  his  intrepid- 
ity, saying  that  in  the  midst  of  sucli  trouble 
was  the  last  place  he  expected  to  see  our  sub- 
ject. Mr.  Kenney  replied  that  he  was  there 
simply  by  reason  of  the  trouble,  and  then  told 
the  agent  of  the  families  stopping  at  his  home 
and  how  alarmed  the  settlers  all  along  the  route 
had  become.  He  finally  asked,  "  Do  you  see 
these  four  big  horses  and  that  large  load  of 
freight  ?"  The  reply  was  in  the  attirmative. 
"  Well,  all  the  people  along  the  route  have  seen 
or  will  see  this,  and  when  they  learn  that  I  ar- 
rived in  Yakima  without  being  molested  they 
will  conclude  that  it  was  only  an  Indian  scare 
and  will  return  to  their  homes."  The  agent 
appreciated  the  force  of  the  argument,  and, 
grasping  the  hand  of  Mr.  Kenney,  thanked  him 
for  his  noble  deed,  in  the  name  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  of  all  the  Indians  on  the  reservation,, 
since  trouble  could  thus  be  better  averted  than 
by  resorting  to  arms. 

The  foregoing  is  but  one  of  many  instances 
in  which  our  subject  jeopardized  his  life  and 
endured    much    for    the    sake    of    maintaining 

Peaceful  relations   between  the  settlers   and  the 
ndians.     His  services  to  the  Government  were 


BISTORT    OP     WASHINGTON. 


many  and  valuable;  lie  assumed  the  burden  of 
many  expenses,  sustained  heavy  losses  and  gave 
of  his  time  without  stint,  and  his  efforts  should 
have  received  a  recognition,  but  this  was  sig- 
nally denied.  He  may  well  be  counted  as  a 
public  benefactor,  for  his  zeal  in  maintaining 
the  church  and  other  interests  was  one  of 
marked  character.  At  his  own  expense  he 
built  a  Catholic  chapel  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public  and  the  missionaries,  and  practically 
maintained  the  same.  This  was  the  first  and 
only  Catholic  Church  in  the  county  for  seven- 
teen years,  His  home  was  the  stopping  place 
for  the  priests  and  sisters  en  route  between  Van- 
couver and  Yakima,  until  the  railroad  was  put 
tlirough.  He  transported  the  first  Sisters  of 
Charity  who  located  in  Yakima,  and  also  hauled 
all  of  their  belongings  for  the  sake  of  the  good 
cause.  He  also  carried  into  the  town  its  iirst 
bell,  the  same  being  used  for  the  sisters'  school. 
We  would  gladly  revert  to  otlier  incidents  in 
the  noble  life  of  our  subject,  l)ut  space  limits 
us.  These  good  deeds,  however,  will  ever  re- 
dound to  his  credit  and  will  gain  to  him  an 
abiding  place  in  the  grateful  memory  of  future 
generations. 

DAM  COODE. — Among  the  earnest  and 
faithful  workers  in  the  ministry  of  the 
Free  Methodist  Church,  is  the  sul)ject  of 
this  sketch,  who  has  labored  for  the  good 
of  humanity  since  his  ordination  in  1868.  He 
was  born  in  Knox  county,  (Jliio,  February  10, 
1847.  When  but  three  years  old,  in  1850,  his 
parents,  Adam  and  Delila  (Wycoff)  Goode, 
natives  respectively  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio, 
removed  to  Iowa.  After  a  residence  on  a  farm 
there  for  twenty-four  years,  the  father  disposed 
of  his  interests  in  that  locality  and  moved  to 
Phillips  county,  Kansas,  where  he  purchased 
900  acres  of  line  land,  but  was  obliged,  in  1889, 
to  rent  his  property  and  seek  a  milder  climate 
on  account  of  his  health,  having  been  an  invalid 
for  twelve  years.  Salem,  Oregon,  was  his  selec- 
tion as  a  location,  and  here  he  still  has  some 
property  interests,  including  a  line  residence,  in 
which  he  and  his  wife  recently  celebrated  their 
golden  wedding.  Eight  children  were  born  of 
this  marriage,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
fourth  child. 

The  latter  was  educated  at  Fairfield,  Iowa,  at 
the  Axaline  College.     After  his  ordination,  in 


1868,  he  was  given  charge  of  the  (>skaloosa 
church,  over  which  he  presided  for  four  years; 
was  then  transferred  to  South  English,  where 
he  remained  the  same  number  of  years.  From 
this  charge  he  went  to  northwest  Iowa,  being  in 
charge  at  Shedan  and  Algona,  and  later  was 
stationed  at  Newbrast.  In  1882  he  started  for 
Washington,  via  Kansas,  visiting  his  parents  on 
the  way.  After  a  pleasant  stay  with  thera  he 
proceeded  to  San  Francisco,  and  went  thence  to 
Walla  Walla  county,  locating  at  Waitsburg, 
where  he  remained  live  years,  engaged  in  stock- 
raising,  after  which  he  proceeded  to  Smoke 
river,  and  later  to  Flamstead,  where  he  remained 
until  he  proved  up  and  deeded  his  land.  He 
then  moved  to  AYalla  Walla,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed I>y  the  Board  of  Commissioners  as  County 
Superintendent  of  the  Poor  Farm,  in  which 
position  he  still  remains.  Many  important  im- 
provements are  contemplated  in  the  spring 
under  his  skillful  management.  Since  his  ap- 
pointment Mr.  Goode  has  endeavored  to  im- 
prove the  condition  of  the  unfortunates  under 
his  care,  without  causing  extra  expense  to  the 
county,  proving  himself  tlie  right  man  in  the 
right  place. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  occurred  in  Au- 
gust, 1872,  when  he  wedded  Miss  Hattie  Norris, 
a  native  of  Iowa,  and  six  children  have  blessed 
their  union,  namely:  Alfred,  Arthur,  Lena, 
Charley,  Laura  and  Nettie.  Politically  our 
subject  supports  the  principles  of  the  Republi- 
can party,  and  always  casts  his  vote  for  the  can- 
didates of  that  ticket. 


w 


J.  CORKIIUM.— Among  the  rising 
young  farmers  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  who  have  been  residents 
of  that  section  of  the  State  long  enough  to  be 
called  pioneers,  occurs  the  name  of  W.  J.  Cork- 
rum,  the  enterprising  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Mr.  Corkrum  was  brought  to  this  county  when 
a  small  boy  by  his  parents,  F.  M.  and  Mary 
Corkrum.  He  was  born  in  Jasper  county, 
Illinois,  February  7,  1860,  and  was  the  second 
child  of  seven  children.  After  his  arrival  in 
Walla  Walla  county,  our  subject  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  attained  his  majority,  when 
he  commenced  life  for  himself  on  land  rented 
from  his  father.  After  the  first  year  he  was 
alile  to    purchase  100   acres   of    railroad   land, 


HISTORY    OF    WA8HIN0T0i^\ 


which  he  obtained  very  cheap.  Here  he  im- 
proved the  land,  making  a  good  home  out 
of  the  wihl  land,  adding  to  his  possessions 
from  time  to  time  until  he  now  has  760 
acres  of  the  best  land  in  the  entire  county, 
located  six  miles  east  of  Walla  Walla  on 
Urj  creek.  On  this  excellent  farm  he  has  a 
comfortable  residence,  supplied  with  all  the 
comforts  and  conveniences  usually  to  be  found 
on  a  well  regulated  farm  of  the  western  coast. 
Mr.  Corkrum  has  proved  himself  a  good  farmer, 
as  his  extensive  and  well  cultivated  acres  testify, 
hile  his  average  crop  of  12,000  bushels  of 
grain  per  year  show  him  to  be  a  successful  one. 
For  fifteen  years  he  ran  a  threshing-machine  and 
complete  outfit,  and  in  this  way  obtained  suf- 
ficient money  to  enable  him  to  add  to  his  acres. 
On  July  3,  1881,  our  subject  was  married  to 
Miss  Alice  Kennedy,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
daughter  of  Linn  H.  and  Mary  Kennedy,  who 
came  to  Washington  in  1879.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Corkrum  have  had  five  children  born  to  them, 
namely:  Jesse,  Emery,  Lula,  Lenard  and  Hugh. 
In  politics  our  subject  is  a  Democrat  and  takes 
great  pleasure  in  the  triumphs  of  that  party. 
Like  many  another  young  man  lie  has  had  his 
own  way  to  make  in  the  world,  but  unlike  many 
of  them  he  has  not  allowed  anything  to  pre- 
vent his  upward  course.  Industrious  and  frugal 
by  nature,  he  has  accumulated  his  property  un- 
til he  now  occupies  a  front  rank  among  those 
men  whose  words  and  deeds  have  weight  in  the 
community. 


)#-^ 


ENRY  S.  COPLA]S^D,  one  of  the  oldest 
pioneers  of  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in 
41  Canada,  of  Irish  parents,  December  24, 
1825.  His  father,  Thomas  Copland, 
came  over  from  Ireland  when  a  young  man, 
married,  and  in  1827  removed  to  Vermont.  He 
resided  there  a  few  years  and  then  removed  to 
Westham,  Massachusetts,  where  he  died  in  1867, 
his  wife  following  him  a  year  later.  They  had 
reared  eleven  children,  three  boys  and  eight 
girls.  During  the  late  war  two  of  the  boys  en- 
listed in  a  Massachusetts  regiujent  and  one  of 
them  was  killed  in  battle  and  the  other  was 
captured  and  is  supposed  to  have  died  from  ex- 
posure. 

Our  subject  was  the  only  son  left  in  the  fam- 
ily.    He  received  a  good  common  school  educa- 


tion in  Vermont  and  when  he  had  grown  to  ma- 
turity he  began  to  think  of  taking  care  of  him- 
self. The  gold  excitement  just  then  broke  out 
in  California,  and  in  that  State  our  subject 
thought  he  saw  an  opening  for  an  enterprising, 
healthy  and  industrious  young  man.  Hence  he 
engaged  passage  in  1850  on  one  of  the  vessels 
sailing  to  that  coast,  and  in  due  time  arrived 
safely  in  the  Golden  State.  He  immediately 
engaged  iu  mining,  but  did  not  find  it  much  of 
a  success  in  his  case,  so  lie  wisely  left  it  and 
hired  as  a  farm  hand,  believing  that  if  his  gains 
were  not  to  large  they  would  be  more  certain. 
For  four  years  he  worked  as  a  farm  hand  in 
California  and  then  went  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley in  Oregon,  and  there  found  employment  on 
a  farm  where  he  worked  for  three  years,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  bought  a  tract  of  land  and 
went  to  work  for  liimself. 

Our  subject  lived  there  until  1860,  when  he 
moved  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  where  he 
bought  a  claim  of  160  acres  of  land  and  lived  on 
that  a  few  years,  then  sold  out  and  bought  another 
claim  eigiit  miles  southeast  of  Walla  Walla, 
which  he  afterward  homesteaded  and  made  that 
his  home.  He  has  now  a  fine  farm  and  owns 
3,000  acres  of  land  in  the  foothills  east  of  the 
city  where  he  reared  his  family  and  became  a 
man  of  wealth.  In  1891,  beginning  to  feel  the 
weight  of  years  and  realizing  that  he  had  no 
need  to  continue  in  active  labor,  removed  to  the 
city  of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  had  bought  a 
a  fine  lot  on  tiie  corner  of  Paluse  and  Whitman 
streets,  and  upon  it  built  a  beautiful  little  cot- 
tage in  which  he  can  pass  the  remainder  of  his 
days  in  comfort  and  peace. 

Mr.  Copland  was  married  in  1850  to  Miss 
Mary  A.  Morton,  a  native  of  Indiana,  who  had 
crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  when  a 
small  girl.  She  still  remembers  the  hardships 
of  that  long  journey,  which  has  now  become, 
with  modern  conveniences,  one  of  the  most  de- 
lightful trips  in  the  LTnited  States.  They  have 
had  both  pleasure  and  sorrow  together,  having 
had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  and  having  been 
parted  from  all  but  four,  these  being:  Wallace; 
Thomas;  Grant,  who  is  on  the  farm;  and  Ida, 
the  youngest,  who  is  a  sweet  little  girl  of  eight 
years  and  the  only  one  still  at  home.  Their 
son  William  was  accidentally  killed  when  a 
most  promising  young  man  of  twenty-three 
years  by  being  hit  with  a  saw  while  engaged  in 
sawing  wood,  and  six  others  died  within  three 
weeks,  of  diptheria.      Emma,  the  oldest,  was 


a  I  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


m 


theu  fourteen  years  of  age.  These  afflictions 
were  almost  too  hard  to  be  borne,  bnt  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Copland  rallied,  realizing  that  they  owed 
duties  to  the  living.  Politically,  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  is  a  member  of  Blue  Mountain  lodge 
of  Masons  at  Walla  Walla.  He  has  always 
l)een  charitable  and  benevolent,  and  is  a  good 
man. 


|AMES  hays,  County  Commissioner  of 
Spokane  county,  Washington,  was  born  in 
Saline  county,  Missouri,  in  the  year  1847, 
the  son  ot  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  that 
place. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen,  young  Hays  left 
school  and  emigrated  to  the  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington, and  since  1879  he  has  resided  in  Spo- 
kane county,  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  was  elected  County  Commissioner,  on  the 
Democratic  ticket,  in  1890,  for  a  term  of  two 
years,  and  this  year,  1892,  has  again  been  nomi- 
nated for  the  same  position.  Mr.  Hays  is  essen- 
tially a  self-made  man.  He  has  by  his  own 
energy  and  good  management  acquii'ed  a  iiand- 
some  competency,  and  is  ranked  with  the  most 
substantial  and  highly  respected  citizens  of  the 
community  in  wiiich  he  resides. 

He  was  married  in  1879  to  Miss  Alice  John- 
son, a  native  of  Missouri,  and  has  five  children: 
Edna,  born  in  1880;  Cora  Mary,  in  1882; 
Clarence  McBride,  in  1884;  Jessie  Warner,  in 
1886;  and  Roy  Washington,  in  1889. 

During  the  Civil  war  Mr.  Hays  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Confederate  ranks,  being  a  member  of  the 
Seventh  Missouri,  Trans- Mississippi  Depart- 
ment, under  General  Kirby  Smith.  He  was  in 
sevei'al  prominent  engagements,  and  remained 
in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Mr. 
Hays  is  a  great  reader  and  takes  an  especial  de- 
light in  the  study  of  history. 


m-^^' 


w 


ILLIAM  M.  DEAN,  one  of  the 
representative  citizens  o  f  Cheney, 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  in  1844, 
a  son  of  Edward  and  Christian  (McCloskey) 
Dean,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation.  William  M.,  the  third  of 
eight  children,  received  his  early  schooling  in 
his  native  State,  and  after  completing  his   edu- 


cation became  a  soldier  in  the  late  war.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  Twelfth  Vermont  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  and  his  regiment  joined  Gen- 
eral Hensel  in  tiie  Department  of  Washington, 
and  afterward  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
under  Hooker.  They  took  part  in  the  second 
battle  of  Fredricksburg,  the  famous  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  and  many  others,  and  was  dis- 
charged in  1865.  Mr.  Dean  then  returned  to 
New  Hampshire,  and  in  1864  began  mining  in 
California,  where  he  remained  six  years.  He 
was  next  engaged  in  railroad  work  for  a  time, 
and  in  1861  came  to  Cheney,  Washington, 
since  which  time  he  has  followed  various  occu- 
pations. 

In  1871  Mr.  Dean  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
McMuster,  a  native  of  Novia  Scotia.  They 
have  four  children,  namely:  Daisy  C,  aged 
nineteen  years,  is  attending  the  Normal  School; 
Harry  E.,  aged  seventeen  years,  is  a  student  at 
the  same  school;  Howard,  aged  fifteen  years; 
and  Mamie  W.,  thirteen  years.  In  his  political 
views,  Mr.   Dean   affiliates  with  the  Republican 

fiarty,  and  socially,  is  a  member  of  the  ]\fasonic 
raternity  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  a 
courteous  gentleman,  takes  great  piide  in  fur- 
thering the  interests  of  Cheney,  and  is  ])ar- 
ticularly  active  in  the  cause  of  education. 


RIE  CORKRUM,  a  native  son  of  the 
State  and  also  of  tiie  county,  was  born 
in  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington, 
June  1,  1866.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
of  his  district  until  he  was  I'eady  to  enter  col- 
lege and  finished  his  education  at  Whitman 
College  in  VV^alla  AValla.  His  father,  Marion 
Corkrum,  was  a  native  of  Illinois  and  there 
married  Mary  Killebue,  also  a  native  of  Illinois. 
The  parents  of  our  subject  crossed  the  plains 
with  an  ox  team  in  the  fall  of  1865,  and  passed 
six  months  on  the  way.  They  had  no  trouble 
with  the  Indians,  nor  had  they  any  serious  ac- 
cident. They  landed  at  Walla  Walla  and  set- 
tled on  Dry  creek,  seven  miles  east  of  the  city, 
where  he  and  his  wife  still  live.  They  reared 
a  family  of  ten  children  and  Urie  was  the  fifth. 
Our  subject  was  a  member  of  his  father's 
household  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  at 
which  time  he  engaged  in  farming  on  his  own 
account,  having  received  160  acres  from  his 
father.     He  afterward    bought   240  acres  and 


75^ 


UISTOMT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


followed  this  with  a  purcliase  of  240  more  nine 
miles  northeast  of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  now 
resides  and  owns  1,0-iO  acres.  Ills  average 
crop  for  each  year  is  15,000  bnshels  of  grain, 
an  amount  which  would  turn  a  farmer  of  some 
of  the  older  States  dizzy  to  think  of. 

Our  subject  was  married  September  30,  1888, 
to  Miss  Ida  Chew,  a  native  of  Illinois,  born 
there  October  2,  1871.  Her  father,  Henry 
Cliew,  was  a  native  of  Illinois,  who  there  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Berger  and  came  to  Washing- 
ingtbn  in  1879,  and  settled  in  the  city  of  Walla 
Walla  and  is  now  in  business  there.  Urie  Cork- 
ruui  is  an  industrious  young  man  who  has  de- 
veloped wonderful  business  talent,  being  now 
one  of  the  largest  farmers  in  the  county.  He 
is  the  proud  father  of  two  bright  little  chil- 
dren: Julia,  born  February  30,  1890,  and 
Frank,  born  April  11,  1891. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat,  bravely  up- 
holding Democratic  principles  on  all  occasions. 


lOHNSON  HOOPER,  a  well-known  citizen 
of  Am  boy,  Clarke  county,  Washington 
operates  the  Ball  naills  at  that  jjlace,  hav- 
ing had  control  of  the  plant  since  November, 
1891.  He  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  Har- 
rison county,  September  25,  1861,  a  son  of 
John  and  Susan  (Johnson)  Hooper.  The  pater- 
nal grandfather  settled  in  Ohio  in  1811,  and 
there  built  the  house  in  which  John  Hooper 
was  born, and  also  his  son  Johnson;  Susan  John- 
son Hooper  was  also  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio.  In  the  autumn  of  1864  the  family  re- 
moved to  Iowa  and  located  in  Henry  county; 
there  Johnson  Hooper  was  reared  to  the  life  of 
a  farmer,  and  acquired  his  education  in  the 
common  schools.  When  grown  to  manhood  he 
determined  to  master  a  trade,  and  began  to 
leai-n  carpentry.  In  1884  he  came  to  Vancouver, 
Washington,  and  secured  employment  in  the 
sawmill  of  L.  C.  Palmer  with  whom  he  con- 
tinued two  years;  at  the  end  of  that  time  he 
went  east  of  the  mountains,  but  shortly  after- 
ward returned  and  went  to  work  at  his  trade. 
He  next  removed  to  Amboy,  and  since  that 
time  has  operated  the  sawmill. 

This  mill  was  erected  by  A.  M.  Ball  about 
1888,  and  was  run  by  him  for  two  years.  He 
was  killed  by  the  breaking  of  a  pulley,  after 
which  David    F.    Schule,  administrator  of  the 


estate  of  Mr.  Ball  took  charge  of  the  mill;  he 
conducted  the  business  until  Mi\  Hooper  as- 
sumed the  management  in  November,  1891. 
The  mill  is  operated  by  water-power  and  can  be 
run  during  nine  months  of  the  year;  the  daily 
capacity  when  under  full  force  is 8,000  feet;  the 
equipment  consists  in  part  of  a  double  circular 
saw  and  planer,  and  the  output  comprises  all 
kinds  of  dressed  lumber,  ceiling,  floor  and  rustic 
work.  Mr.  Hooper  is  an  active,  energetic  busi- 
ness man,  possessing  superior  qualifications  for 
commercial  life.  He  is  an  honored  member  of 
Turn  Tum  Lodge  No.  130,  I.  O.  O.  F. 

^-3-^ 

IJAMES  KENNEDY,  one  of  the  pioneer 
h\\  settlers  of  Walla  Walla  county,  Washing- 
^^  ington,  crossed  the  plains  in  1852.  He 
was  born  in  Greene  county,  Tennessee,  July  29, 
1828.  His  father,  John  Kennedy,  was  a  native 
of  Tennessee,  who  married  Miss  Margaret- Tad- 
lock,  also  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  in  1829, 
when  our  subject  was  but  one  year  old,  removed 
to  Indiana.  He  settled  in  Rush  county  and 
lived  there  four  years,  and  then,  in  1833,  moved 
to  Shelby  county,  Illinois,  where  he  lived  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1844  at  the  age  of 
sixty-six  years.  His  wife  survived  him  until 
1846,  when  she  died  at  the  age  of  tifty-two  years. 
There  were  eleven  children  in  this  family,  and 
our  subject  was  the  fifth  child. 

Our  subject  received  only  a  common  school 
education  and  at  the  death  of  his  father  inher- 
ited a  small  piece  of  land.  Finding  farming  in 
his  part  of  Illinois  not  remunerative  enough  Mr. 
Kennedy  decided  to  try  a  western  country,  so 
in  1852  he  sold  his  little  patrimony  in  Illinois 
and  fitted  himself  up  with  an  ox  team  and 
started  to  cross  the  plains  for  Oregon,  landing 
in  Portland  six  months  from  the  time  he  started, 
making  the  trip  without  any  serious  accident. 
There  he  took  up  160  acres  of  land  in  Linn 
county,  living  there  until  1870,  when  by  acci- 
dent he  lost  all  he  had  and  left  here  and  moved 
to  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  where  he 
settled  on  Spring  branch,  where  he  bought  160 
acres  of  land,  where  he  lived  for  twelve  years. 
Getting  on  his  feet  again  he  sold  out  and  bought 
320  acres  where  he  now  lives,  nine  miles  northeast 
of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  has  built  him  a  nice 
little  residence.  Here  he  has  improved  his  farm 
and  will  no  doubt  spend  his  days  on  this  pleasant 


nisTonr  of  Washington. 


j)lace.  Mr.  Kennedy  was  married  in  1851  to 
Miss  Margaret  E.  Seitz,  of  Illinois,  but  slie 
died  tlirtt  same  year  leaving  a  little  boy,  Sevier. 
He  is  now  a  man,  grown,  and  lives  in  Spring 
valley,  Walla  Walla  county.  (3ur  subject  mar- 
ried again  in  1859,  at  which  time  Miss  Emily 
Neal,  a  native  of  Illinois  became  his  wife.  She 
liad  come  to  California  with  her  parents  in 
1852. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kennedy  have  had  eight  child- 
ren born  to  them, — Margaret  E.,  who  is  the 
wife  of  William  Buchhim  and  now  resides  in 
Seattle;  Laura  A.;  Anna  J.,  who  is  the  wife  of 
Thomas  Daniield  of  Walla  Walla;  Charles; 
Frances,  the  wife  of  Clinton  II.  Cunimings  of 
Spokane  Falls;  George  W.,  Clarence,  Abby  and 
Arthur,  who  died  in  infancy,  February  20,  1879. 

When  our  subject  came  to  Washington  he 
had  to  make  his  second  start  in  life,  but  he  has 
been  very  successful  and  now  has  plenty  to  look 
forward  to  in  his  old  age.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Eepublican  and  cast  his  tirst  Presidential  vote 
for  Zachary  Taylor. 

^-3-^¥ 


II.  WARD  has  been  prominently  iden- 
f^'  tified  with  the  manufacturing  interests 
of  Goldendale  since  1880,  and  is  en- 
titled to  a  space  in  the  annals  of  the  State  of 
AVashington.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  January  27,  1850,  a  son  of 
Porter  and  Ann  (Wilde)  Ward,  natives  of  En- 
gland. His  father  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  and  the 
mother  came  at  a  still  earlier  age.  Farming 
had  been  the  occupation  of  the  former  iti  his 
native  land,  but  after  coming  to  America  he 
became  a  ship  joiner  in  St.  Louis.  In  1850  the 
family  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  meeting 
with  all  the  hardships  and  vicissitudes  of  that 
long  journey.  They  located  at  Marysville,  and 
the  father  followed  mining  for  two  years;  then 
they  removed  to  Sonoma  county  and  located  on 
a  ranch  ten  miles  north  of  Petalunia;  in  this 
new  honie  the  mother  soon  afterward  died. 
After  the  age  of  eight  years  our  subject  spent 
his  youth  on  a  ranch  in  Marin  county,  Califor- 
nia, four  miles  from  Petaluma.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years  he  returned  to  St.  Louis,  and 
entered  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Business  College, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1872.  He  then 
came  back  to  the  Golden  State,  and  after  spend- 


ing two  years  on  a  ranch  in  Sonoma  county  he 
went  to  San  Luis  Obispo  county,  California, 
where  he  embarked  in  the  dairy  business  near 
Cambria. 

It  was  in  November,  1879,  that  he  iirst  came 
to  Goldendale,  Klickitat  county,  Washington. 
Albert  Johnson  had  established  a  small  harness 
business,  and  was  succeeded  by  A.  P.  Ward 
and  Sigmnnd  Brown,  who  had  just  quit  the 
business  when  Mr.  Ward  arrived.  He  was 
thoroughly  familiar  with  every  detail  of  the 
trade,  having  sei'ved  an  apprenticeship  of  three 
years  in  San  Francisco,  in  the  establishment  of 
Main  &  Winchester.  Considering  the  opening 
good,  he  at  once  took  hold  of  the  luisiness,  and 
has  made  a  notable  success  of  the  venture.  In 
November,  1886,  he  completed  a  two-story 
frame  building  in  which  he  conducted  his  busi- 
ness until  the  structure  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
May  13,  1888.  He  then  erected  a  two-story 
brick  building  upon  the  same  site,  which  was 
finished  the  following  October.  The  lower  floor 
of  this  store  is  nsed  by  the  firm  of  Johnson  & 
Van  Vactor,  and  the  building  now  occupied  by 
Mr.  Ward  was  erected  by  him  in  1890.  In 
1892  he  built  the  edifice  on  Columbus  street 
which  is  now  used  as  a  city  hall;  he  also  owns 
still  another  smaller  building,  which  he  at  one 
time  occTipied  with  his  own  business.  He  has 
an  extensive  patronage  reaching  throughout 
Klickitat  valley,  and  commands  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  the  entire  community. 

Mr.  Ward  was  married  in  San  Luis  Obispo 
county,  California,  July  1, 1878,  to  Miss  Martha 
Ilasey,  a  native  of  the  Golden  State.  They  have 
four  children:  John,  Delia,  Porter  and  Lyman. 
Our  worthy  subject  is  a  member  of  Goldendale 
Lodge,  No.  31,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  belongs  to  the 
Eastern  Star;  he  is  also  a  member  of  Friend- 
ship Lodge,  K.  of  P.  He  has  been  prominent 
in  Democratic  politics  in  Klickitat  county,  and 
has  twice  made  a  splendid  race  upon  the  county 
ticket,  cutting  the  narrow  majority  to  thirty- 
seven  votes  in  1890. 


>  ■.:f]-t-c|»  'i 


ALTER    R.   LAIDLER,  a    prominent 

citizen    and     leading    agriculturist    of 

^      Klickitat  county,  Washington,  was  born 

at   Newcastle-on-Tyne,  England,  November  12, 

1856.     His  parents,  John  and   Mal)el  (Robson) 

I   Laidler,  were  natives  of  England,  and  the  father 


760 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  a  mechanical  engineer  bj  profession.  Wal- 
ter R.  was  reared  to  maturity  in  his  native  coun- 
try, and  had  been  engaged  in  clerking  for  a  year 
or  two  when  he  determined  to  seeiv  his  fortune 
in  America.  Accordingly  in  1874  he  set  sail 
for  the  United  States,  and  immediately  after 
landing  proceeded  to  California.  Arriving  in 
the  Golden  State,  he  located  on  a  farm  in  Solano 
county,  near  Snisun  City,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  farming  until  his  removal  to  Klickitat  county 
in  1879.  He  first  settled  on  a  piece  of  school 
land,  and  in  1883  he  purchased  KIO  acres  from 
A.  J.  Smith,  who  liad  originally  located  the 
land.  Mr.  Laidler  has  added  to  this  from  time 
to  time  until  he  now  owns  1,500  acres,  all  in 
one  body,  excepting  a  tract  which  lies  three 
miles  distant.  In  the  season  of  1893  he  had 
700  acres  in  growing  grain;  he  usually  keeps 
100  head  of  horses,  and  owns  the  full-blooded 
CUydesdale  stallion  "  Look-at-me-now."  In  ad- 
dition to  his  extensive  ranching  interests,  he  is 
connected  with  the  Farmers'  Mercantile  Com- 
pany of  Goldendale,  being  a  member  of  the 
hoard  of  directors. 

Mr.  Laidler  was  married  at  The  Dalles,  Ore- 
gon, July  19,  1881,  to  Miss  California  Record, 
a  daughter  of  A.  J.  and  Martha  (Clinger) 
Record,  early  settlers  of  Oregon,  where  they 
made  their  home  in  the  '40s.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Laidler  have  a  family  of  three  children:  Samp- 
son, Edwin  and  Charles  August.  Our  subject 
is  a  member  of  Alumus  Lodge,  No.  15,  1.  O. 
O.  F.,  of  Goldendale,  and  belongs  to  Friend- 
ship Lodge,  No.  27,  K.  of  P.  He  has  been  a 
conspicuous  figure  in  political  circles  of  Klick- 
itat county,  and  under  the  Territorial  regime 
he  accepted  the  position  of  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court  in  1887-'88.  He  was  the  Deiuocratic 
candidate  for  Probate  Judge  in  1888  and  1890. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  in 
1892,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
Central  Committee  of  Klickitat  county,  where 
his  services  are  greatly  appreciated. 


^^3^1^^.^-:-^ 


ON.  J.  J.  BROWNE,  one  of  the  founders 
J  of  the  government  of  Spokane,  and  an 
original  contributor  to  its  general  good 
and  advancement,  has  been  a  prominent 
factor  in  the  history  of  the  community  since 
the  '70s.  Being  a  man  of  excellent  judgment 
and  forethought,  he  realized  in  the  early  days 


f^- 


what  has  since  come  to  pass,  that  Spokane  Falls 
would  one  day  be  a  great  city.  So  he  invested 
heavily,  and  very  wisely  held  fast  to  his  prop- 
erty until  it  reached  its  present  high  valuation. 
Instead  of  selling  when  prices  were  low,  he 
made  additional  purchases.  Thus  he  has  grown 
immensely  wealthy.  Of  course  he  suffered  those 
hardships  and  privations  characteristic  of  pio- 
neer life,  and  is  justly  entitled  to  the  happiness 
growing  out  of  a  handsome  fortune  and  a  re- 
spected position.  He  assisted  in  building  up 
the  city  l)y  his  enterprise  and  wealth,  and  can 
look  back  with  smiles  upon  his  record, — one  of 
undiminished  grandeur,  of  virtue  and  integrity, 
a  character  unimpeached  and  unimpeachable. 
Mr.  Browne  is  a  man  of  exclusive  and  temper- 
ate habits,  though  he  does  not  hold  himself 
aloof  from  the  world,  so  frequently  the  case 
with  the  thoughtful.  His  face  wears  an  ahnost 
serious  expression,  which  deepens  as  the  sub- 
ject demands.  By  some  Mr.  Browne  might  be 
thought  conservative,  but  there  is  method  in  his 
manner.  He  is  cool  and  calculating,  self-sus- 
tained, and  systematic  in  his  business,  and  in 
this  way  accomplishes  a  great  deal  more  work 
with  greater  ease  than  those  of  a  fussy  and 
nervous  nature.  It  is  owing  to  this  sublime 
trait  in  his  character  that  Mr.  Browne  has  suc- 
ceeded so  remarkably  in  life.  He  is  a  man  of 
strong  will  power,  and  thinks  and  acts  for  him- 
self. 

Hon.  J.  J.  Browne  was  horn  in  Greenville, 
Ohio,  April  28, 1843,  son  of  Andrew  and  Eliza- 
beth (Gott)  Browne,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Indiana  respectively,  his  father  being  a 
farmer  by  occupation. 

At  an  early  age  he  moved  to  Columbia  City, 
Indiana,  where  he  was  reared  and  received  a 
common-school  education.  His  desire  for  a 
better  education  was  so  strong  that  at  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  sought  Wabash  College,  and  re- 
mained for  three  ,years,  working  mornings  and 
evenings  to  pay  his  board  and  tuition.  In  1868 
he  graduated  in  the  department  of  law  at  the 
University  of  Michigan,  and  soon  after  located 
in  Kansas  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  under  the  tirm  name  of  Browne  & 
Glass,  Mr.  Glass  having  been  his  classmate  at 
Ann  Arbor.  In  1874  he  removed  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  resumed  the  law,  practicing  alone. 

Attracted  by  the  genial  climate  of  eastern 
Washington,  he  came  to  Spokane  Falls  in  1878, 
where  he  soon  built  up  a  practice  that  extended 
far  into  both  Washington  and  Idaho  Territories. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


He  has  ever  been  foremost  in  the  organization 
of  any  enterprise  tending  to  the  advancement  of 
the  city.  He  was  president  of  the  Spokane  Mill 
Company,  which  was  or^ranized  in  1885.  In 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Cannon  and  A.  J.  Ross, 
he  built  the  tirst  street  railway  in  Spokane.  He 
was  president  of  the  Spokane  Cracker  Company, 
whose  factory  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire. 
He  began  his  career  as  a  banker  in  1889,  at  the 
corner  of  Post  and  Riverside  streets,  the  Browne 
National  Bank  having  been  organized  in  June 
of  that  year,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000. 
About  two  years  ago  the  bank  was  moved  to  its 
present  commodiousquarters  in  the  Auditorium, 
one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  in  the  city. 
Mr.  Browne  is  president  of  the  bank.  He  is 
also  president  of  the  Spokane  Investment  Com- 
pany, which  owns  the  Auditorium  building,  he 
holding  half  of  its  stock.  He  is  proprietor  of 
the  Spokane  Daily  and  Weekly  Chronicle,  and 
contemplates  in  the  near  future  erecting  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  commodious  buildings  in 
the  Northwest,  for  the  exclusive  use  of  this 
large  paper.  Mr.  Browne  also  has  extensive 
farming  interests,  owning  1,800  acres  of  land, 
located  five  miles  south  of  Spokane.  Of  this 
large  tract  1,200  acres  are  under  fence  and  cul- 
tivation. His  preemptioi*  claim,  which  he  filed 
about  1878,  covered  what  is  now  a  part  of  the 
business  district  of  the  city  and  the  best  resi- 
dence district,  known  as  the  West  End.  It  is 
hei'e  his  elegant  home  is  located,  it  being  one  of 
the  handsomest  in  the  city,  and  being  assessed 
at  170,000.  With  the  growth  of  his  fortune 
Mr.  Browne  has  made  many  generous  donations 
to  public  purposes  and  to  charitable  and  educa- 
tional institutions.  He  presented  to  the  city 
one-half  the  land  embraced  in  the  present  park, 
his  friend  A.  M.  Cannon  giving  the  other  half. 
Not  only  in  business  circles  is  Mr.  Browne 
prominent,  but  also  in  political  and  educational 
affairs  he  has  taken  an  active  part.  In  1872, 
while  a  resident  of  Kansas,  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  National  Convention  at  Baltimore  that 
nominated  Horace  Greeley.  He  has  also  served 
as  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Con- 
vention since  coming  to  Washington.  In  Port- 
land he  was  elected  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
which  office  he  held  three  years,  resigning  the 
same  when  he  came  to  Spokane.  At  the  Demo- 
cratic county  convention,  held  at  Spokane  in 
August,  1892,  he  was  recommended  for  United 
States  Senator  fi-om  Washington.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the   State  Uni- 


versity, having  served  as  such  for  two  years,  and 
foi-  the  past  six  years  has  been  a  member  of  the^ 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Jenkins  University.  Mr. 
Browne  has  the  largest  private  library  in  the 
Northwest,  and  while  he  is  a  great  reader,  well 
posted  on  all  general  topics,  he  gives  particular 
attention  to  the  study  of  political  economy. 

He  was  married  in  1874,  to  Miss  Anna  W. 
Slialton,  a  native  of  Warren,  Ohio,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  a  prominent  and  higldy  respected  family. 
They  have  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living:  Guy  C,  Earl  P.,  Alta  U.,  lone  S.,  Hu- 
bert D.  and  Hazel  J. 


GAPT.  GEORGE  W.  BULLENE  was  born 
in  Saratoga  county,  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1822.  His  parents,  Alfred  and 
Susan  (Paker)  Bullene,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State,  his  paternal  ancestry  dating  back  to  the 
Puritan  settlement  of  Massachusetts.  Alfred 
Bullene  was  a  ship  carpenter  and  boat  builder, 
and  was  prominently  connected  with  the  early 
lumber  interests  of  Oswego  county.  In  1834 
he  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  located  in  Salem, 
Kenosha  county,  where  he  engaged  in  farming. 
Going  to  Wisconsin  at  that  early  day,  before 
schools  were  organized  along  that  frontier,  our 
subject  was  deprived  of  the  advantages  of  a 
common-school  education. 

Remaining  with  his  father  until  his  seven- 
teenth year,  George  W.  then  left  the  home  cir- 
cle, and,  going  to  New  York  city,  apprenticed 
himself  for  four  years  in  the  old  "  Novelty 
Works "  at  the  foot  of  Fourteenth  street,  on 
East  river,  and  there  learned  the  principles  of 
mechanical  engineering,  with  construction  and 
drafting.  Completing  his  term  of  service,  he 
then  followed  his  trade  in  different  shops  and 
upon  the  river  and  bay  during  the  summer 
months   up   to   the   spring   of   1846,    when    he 


started  for  New  Orleans,  and  worked   ii 


;very 


shop  of  importance  between  New  York  and  that 
city.  Arriving  in  New  Oi-leans  in  December, 
1846,  he  then  eidisted  in  the  Second.  Texas 
Cavalry  for  the  Mexican  war,  and  performed 
active  service  in  diffei'ent  localities  up  to  1848, 
when  he  was  discharged  from  service.  He  then 
went  to  St.  Louis  and  followed  his  trade  in  win- 
ter and  the  river  in  summer  until  1854.  He 
then  accepted  the  position  of  superintendent  in 
the  erection  of  all  classes  of  mills  between  Texas 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON: 


and  Minnesota.  May,  1861,  found  him  in  New 
Orleans,  and  he  secured  passage  to  St.  Louis 
upon  the  old  steamer  "  Imperial,"  which  was 
the  last  boat  through  before  the  commencement 
of  the  Civil  war.  At  St.  Louis  our  subject 
looked  over  the  situation  and  then  retui-ned  to 
his  family  in  Grundy  county,  Missouri,  and  there 
enlisted  in  the  Home  Guards  of  the  State 
militia,  who  were  very  active  in  driving  the 
secessionists  out  of  northern  Missouri.  In 
April,  1862,  Mr.  BuUene  enlisted,  at  Gallatin, 
in  the  First  Missouri  Cavalry,  and  served  in 
Missouri  and  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Depart- 
ment up  to  December  14,  1863,  when  he  was 
discharged  V)ecause  of  disability  from  wounds. 
He  then  returned  to  his  family,  but  by  reason 
of  his  active  work  during  the  war  he  decided 
that  it  would  be  safer  to  leave  that  country,  so 
he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast  by  the  Panama 
route,  landing  in  San  Francisco  February  18, 
1864.  He  then  began  work  in  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works,  being  chiefly  engaged  in  fitting  out 
boats  and  setting  machinery.  He  fitted  out  the 
"  Cyrus  Walker,"  and  as  engineer  brought  her 
to  the  Sound  and  landed  at  Port  Gamble  in 
October,  1864.  The  boat  is  still  in  commission 
upon  the  Sound  and  is  in  good  condition.  Ee- 
turning  to  San  Francisco,  Captain  BuUene  con- 
tinued with  the  Pacific  Iron  Works  up  to  Sep- 
tember, 1865,  when  he  came  to  Port  Gamble 
as  master  mechanic  of  the  Puget  Sound  Mill 
Company,  remaining  in  that  capacity  until  May, 
1868,  when  he  accepted  a  similar  position  with 
the  Port  Madioon  Mill  Company,  and  there  re- 
mained until  October,  1873.  He  then  resigned 
and  came  to  Seattle  and  started  a  small  machine 
shop,  which  he  operated  for  five  years.  He 
then  returned  to  Port  Madison  and  accepted  his 
former  position  with  the  mill  company,  remain- 
ing with  them  until  their  failure  in  1883. 
Captain  BuUene  then  accepted  a  similar  position 
with  the  Tacoma  Mill  Company,  and  superin- 
tended the  consti-nction  of  their  new  mill. 
This  work  he  successfully  accomplished  by 
building  over,  under  and  through  the  old  mill 
without  stopping  the  machinery,  thus  erecting 
the  first  double  sawmill  upon  the  Sound,  the 
same  having  a  capacity  of  212,000  feet  of  lum- 
ber per  day.  Subject  then  went  to  Hoquiam, 
Gray's  harbor,  and  rebuilt  a  large  mill  for  A. 
M.  Simpson,  returning  abont  1885  to  Seattle, 
where  he  has  since  resided. 

He  was  appointed    United  States  Boiler  In- 
spector of  Puget  Sound  in  January,  1873,  and 


has  continuously  held  that  position,  with  the 
exception  of  an  interval  of  thirty  months.  His 
district  is  now  extended  from  Gray's  harbor  to 
Chilcat,  and  occnjjies  his  entire  time  and  atten- 
tion. 

He  was  married  in  Grundy  county,  Missouri, 
May  11,  1856,  to  Miss  Hannah  McClure,  native 
of  (Jhio.  Nine  children  have  blessed  the  union, 
seve!i  of  whom  survive:  Aurora,  Everette  E., 
Arthur,  Alice,  Howard,  Thomas  and  Ida.  So- 
cially, Captain  Bullene  affiliates  with  the  F.  it 
A.  M.  and  G.  A.  R.,  Miller  Post,  No.  31,  of 
Seattle.  He  has  always  felt  unbounded  faith  in 
Seattle,  and,  though  it  was  but  a  small  hamlet 
when  he  first  arrived,  in  1864,  he  invested  his 
money,  and  has  watched  with  interest  and 
pleasure  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
"  Queen  City  of  the  Northwest." 


f^l^ 


^^i 


M  LFHED  THOMAS,  one  of  the  pioneers 
JO\    and  substantial  farmers  of  Walla  Walla 
Ij    ^   county,  Washington, was  born  in  Hardins- 
V  burg,  Breckenridge  county,    Kentucky, 

April  16,  1828.  His  father,  Joseph  H.  Thomas, 
was  a  native  of  Hardin  connty,  Kentucky,  and 
the  grandparents  of  our  subject  were  natives  of 
the  Blue  Bidge  country  of  Virginia.  The 
maiden  name  of  his  mother  was  Gouldsberry,  a 
native  of  Marysville,  Maryland.  By  trade  Mr. 
Thomas  was  a  tanner,  following  that  trade  for 
many  years,  but  died  in  1850  at  Dubuque, 
Iowa,  of  cholera,  at  the  age  of  sixty  years.  Mrs. 
Thomas  died  at  the  age  of  sixty-four,  years  in 
1870.  They  had  reared  a  family  of  eleven 
children,  but  only  four  of  them  are  now  living, 
and  our  subject  was  the  fifth  of  the  family. 

The  latter  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  the  county  and  learned  the 
tanner  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  1849, 
when  he  emigrated  to  Linn  county,  Iowa,  where 
he  bought  100  acres  of  land,  improved  and 
farmed  there  until  1870,  when  he  came  to 
Washington  and  settled  where  he  now  lives,  two 
miles  east  of  Walla  Walla.  Here  he  bought 
146  acres  of  land  and  commenced  to  make  a 
home  in  the  new  country.  He  immediately  met 
with  success  in  farming  and  now  owns  1,100 
acres  of  fine  land.  In  the  early  pai-t  of  his  set- 
tlement he  made  atid  hauled  60,000  rails  from 
the  mountains  with  which  to  fence  his  land. 
He  cult!  vats  650  acres,  raising  on  an  average  on 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


bis  farm  15,000  bushels  of  grain.  Upon  the 
place  he  erected  a  nice  residence,  at  a  cost  of 
$4:,000,  but  it  was  burned.  However,  he  re- 
placed it.  He  handles  considerable  stock,  es- 
pecially horses  and  thoroughbred  Jersey  cattle 
for  the  city  trade,  selling  them  iu  Walla  Walla 
to  people  who  want  to  keep  a  nice  cow  in  the  city. 

Our  subject  was  married  December  10,  1850, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Lewis,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
who  went  to  Iowa  in  1832  with  her  parents. 
She  lived  luippily  with  her  husband  and  assisted 
in  the  making  of  the  home  in  the  new  country, 
but  in  1878  she  passed  from  earth.  She  was  a 
good  woman,  and  was  mourned  by  her  husband 
and  nine  children,  the  names  of  the  latter  be- 
ing,— Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  John  Byrum;  Ellen, 
the  wife  of  Nathan  Patterson;  John;  Cora  E. ; 
Joseph,  now  practicing  law  in  Walla  Walla; 
Mary,  teaching  school;  Eugene,  Bert  and  Eliza. 

Mr.  Thomas  was  married  a  second,  time,  to 
Margaret  Lewis,  a  cousin  of  the  iirst  Mrs. 
Thomas,  and  they  have  had  four  children  born 
to  them,  Lavina  H.,  Raymond,  Alvin  and  Ruth. 
Our  subject  relates  that  he  had  four  "bits"  in 
his  pocket  at  the  time  of  his  first  marriage,  and 
now  is  worth  at  least  |75,000,  much  of  it  saved 
by  his  industrious  wives.  He  is  a  relative  of 
Ben  Hardin,  Judge  Paddock  and  General 
Thomas  of  Kentucky  fame,  all  noted  lawyers  of 
that  State.  His  father  was  in  the  war  of  1812 
and  was  with  General  Jackson  at  the  battle  of 
New  Orlenns.  Mr.  Thomas  is  a  Knight  Tem- 
plar Mason  and  has  been  quite  prominent  in 
the  order. 


))  R.  HAMMOND,  a  pioneer  of  the 
coast  and  one  of  the  respected  citizens 
of  Walla  AYalla  county,  Washington, 
was  born  in  Forsythe  county,  Georgia,  March  4, 
1839.  His  father,  Joseph  Hammond,  also  a  na- 
native  of  Georgia,  married  Polly  Brooks,  who  had 
been  born  in  Virginia.  They  removed  to  Arkan- 
sas in  1850,  when  VV^illiam  R.  was  a  small  boy,  and 
later  he  removed  to  Hill  county,  Texas,  and  died 
in  1886,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight  years.  Mrs. 
Hammond  died  in  1855,  at  the  age  of  fifty-five 
years,  and  they  had  fourteen  children. 

William  R.,  the  fourth  child,  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  and  therefore  had  very  little  ojjpor- 
tunity  for  an  education,  receiving  only  a  very 
common  scliooling  in  Arkansas  and  Georgia, 
when  he  could  be  spared  frgin  the  work  of   the 


farm.  In  1844:  he  decided  to  try  to  reach  the 
Pacific  coast,  believing  that  here  he  could  find 
more  ways  of  advancement  than  he  could  in  his 
home  locality.  In  the  spring  of  1854  he  started 
for  the  West  with  a  man  who  hired  liim  to  assist 
driving  a  herd  of  cattle,  promising  that  he 
should  have  $50  and  his  board.  They  came  as 
far  west  with  the  cattle  and  a  number  of  ox 
teams  as  Salt  Lake  City,  but  as  it  had  become 
late  in  the  season  they  were  compelled  to  go 
by  tiie  way  of  the  southern  route  to  Los  Ange- 
les, California,  in  order  to  get  through  the 
mountains.  The  trip  was  made  in  nine  months, 
and  they  had  great  trouble  with  the  Indians, 
losing  many  of  their  cattle  by  raids.  The  Mor- 
mon Lee  armed  and  put  into  motion  a  band  of 
the  Utes  and  Nez  Perces,  and  they  harassed 
our  subject  and  his  partner  to  a  great  extent. 

After  landing  at  Los  Angeles,  Mr.  Hammond 
and  his  brother  bought  160  acres  of  land  near 
the  city  and  put  in  a  croj),  but,  owing  to  the 
large  number  of  Mexican  cattle  their  crop  was 
destroyed,  and  they  abandoned  the  farm  and 
went  to  the  mines,  leaving  their  land,  which 
they  still  own,  and  it  is  now  very  valuable. 
After  he  had  quit  mining  onr  subject  went  into 
the  lumbering  and  logging  business,  which  he 
followed  until  1857.  At  that  time  the  gold  ex- 
citement was  high  in  British  Columbia,  and 
thither  he  started.  However,  lie  became 
afflicted  with  rheumatism  and  was  left  at  the 
Dalles,  all  expecting  him  to  die,  but  he  gained 
strength  and  was  soon  able  to  travel  and  came 
t(j  Walla  AV^illa.  Here  he  was  employed  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  United 
1857-'58.     Next, 


States 


rmv  for  one   year. 


he  took  up  a  claim  on  the  foot-hills  east  of 
Walla  Walla,  and  then  followed  teaming  for 
five  years,  doing  a  fine  business  in  freighting, 
and  with  his  trading  in  land  was  able  to  buy 
land  near  the  town. 

At  this  time  our  subject  made  a  wise  move 
by  purchasing  a  fine  tlairy  farm  of  450  acres, 
but  he  has  now  but  eighty  acres  left,  as  he  has 
sold  a  portion,  the  land  being  so  valuable.  His 
present  farm  is  located  two  miles  from  the  city,. 
and  for  this  he  has  refused  $500  per  acre.  This 
is  a  beautiful  farm,  well  improved  and  is  very 
comfortably  situated. 

Mr.  Hammond  married,  in  1860,  Miss  Ame- 
lia Lanksley,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who  came 
here  in  1856,  and  they  had  ten  children,  nine 
of  whom  are  yet  living.  Their  names  are: 
Emory,  now  of  Cylfax;  Josephine,  the  wife  of 


nrsTour  of  Washington. 


James  Fields;  Mattie,  the  wife  of  John  Reser, 
living  near  "Walla  Walla;  Lida,  John,  Gertrude 
and  Jennie,  at  lionie.  Our  subject  is  a  valuable 
member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  politically  is 
a  Republican. 


5AMUEL  C.  HYDE,  a  prominent  lawyer 
of  Spokane,  Washington,  was  born  April 
22,  1842,  in  the  old  and  historic  town  of 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  New  York,  where  the  beau- 
tiful Lake  George  empties  into  Lake  Cliamplain. 
When  he  was  a  child  bis  parents  removed  with 
him  to  Wisconsin,  and  settled  near  Oshkosh, 
where  he  grew  to   manhood,  helping  to  develop 


a  farm  in  the  new   country,  and   receiv 


only 


such  education  as  the  common  schools  of  that 
time  afforded.  lie  served  as  a  private  soldier 
in  the  war  of  the  Union,  in  the  Seventeenth 
Regiment  of  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry. 

After  the  war  Mr.  Hyde  married  and  settled 
in  Iowa,  where  he  completed  his  law  studies  at 
the  law  school  of  the  Iowa  State  University.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession at  Rock  Rapids,  Iowa,  for  seven  years. 
In  1877  he  moved  with  his  family  to  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Washington,  living  at  Pnget  Sound 
for  two  years.  Mr.  Hyde  may  well  be  consid- 
ered one  of  the  pioneers  of  Spokane  and  the  In- 
land Empire,  having  arrived  here  May  4,  1879, 
when  the  place  was  a  little  trading  hamlet  of 
less  than  a  hutidred  people.  The  following 
year  he  brought  his  family  here,  and  the  next 
year  his  father's  entire  family  settled  at  Spo- 
kane, and  the  Ilydes  have  b'een  important 
factors  in  building  up  the  city,  some  of  the 
finest  business  blocks  here  having  been  built  by 
them.  Mr.  Hyde  was  elected  Prosecuting  At- 
torney for  the  Northeastern  District  of  Wash- 
ington in  1880,  and  was  re-elected  for  three 
consecutive  terms,  holding  that  office  for  six- 
consecutive  years.  He  is  now  in  active  practice 
at  the  bar,  and  may  justly  be  said  to  have 
achieved  a  position  as  one  of  the  first  lawyers  in 
the  State.  He  is  a  member  of  Sedgwick  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  this  city,  and  is  frequently  called 
on  to  address  the  boys  in  blue.  He  also  speaks 
upon  political  questions  in  behalf  of  the  Repub- 
lican party.  On  the  platform  Mr.  Hyde  always 
speaks  with  energy  and  earnestness,  and  is  at 
times  most  eloquent. 

His  man-iage  soon  after  the  war  has  already 
been  referred  to.  This  important  event  oc- 
curred January  18,  18G9,  the  lady  of  his  choice 


being  Miss  Mattie  Rogers,  of  Rosendale,  Wis- 
consin. She  died  February  13,  1891,  leaving 
two  children.  Earl  and  Kate,  who  liave  grown 
up  almost  from  infancy  in  Spokane.  Earl  is 
now  attending  Williston  Seminary  at  East- 
hainpton,  Massachusetts,  and  Miss  Kate  is  with 
her  cTfandmother  at  Tacoma. 


■^'-^■^^' 


ON.  CHARLES  E.  LAUGIITON,  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  Washington,  was  born 
in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  June  4, 1846. 
He  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  and  is 
a  graduate  of  the  Friends'  College  at  Vassal- 
borough,  Maine,  with  the  class  of  1862.  That 
year  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  Maine  Regiment, 
but,  being  under  age,  was  not  permitted  by  his 
parents  to  enter  the  army.  He  then  went  to 
Boston  to  study  law.  In  1863,  however,  he 
went  into  the  army  as  cashier  of  sutler,  attached 
to  the  Fourteenth  Maine  Regiment,  and  con- 
tinued  in  the  service  until  the  war  closed. 

Returning  home  after  the  war,  Mr.  Langhton 
resumed  the  study  of  law,  but  ill  health  soon 
compelled  him  to  dit^continue  it.  In  1867  he 
went  to  Omaha,  Nebraska,  where  he  was  ap- 
pointed postal  clerk  on  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road. He  was  subsequently  connected  with  the 
Virginia  Railroad  for  some  years;  was  ap- 
pointed Auditor  of  said  road  in  1875,  and  held 
that  position  until  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Nevada  in  1882.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  four  years  he  removed  to  the  western 
part  of  Stevens  county,  now  Okanogan  county, 
in  the  State  of  Washington.  During  his  resi- 
dence in  Nevada  he  was  engaged  in  mining  and 
milling  speculations;  now  has  large  mining  in- 
terests in  Okanogan  county.  He  w^s  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Tacoma  in  1888,  and  in  November 
of  that  same  year  was  elected  to  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  being  joint  Representative  from 
Okanogan,  Stevens  and  Spokane  counties.  Oc- 
tober 1,  1890,  he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor of  AYashington,  and  during  Governor 
Ferry's  absence  from  the  State  in  December, 
1890,  acted  in  his  stead. 

Mr.  Langhton  owns  a  tine  estate  iiear  Con- 
conuUy,  the  county  seat  of  Okanogan  county, 
and  here,  surrounded  with  all  the  comforts  and 
luxuries  of  life,  he  and  his  wife  reside,  he 
having  married  at  Sacramento,  in  1871. 


niSTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


EOIiGE  DORFIMER  began  business  in 
Tacoiiia  in  June,  1888,  on  D  and  East 
Twenty-eighth  streets,  and  removed  to 
^  his  present  location,  319  East  Twenty- 
fifth  sti-eet,  on  March  1,  1892.  He  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  in  this  part  of  the  city,  there 
being  only  two  who  have  been  here  as  long  as 
he  has.  Mr.  Dorfner  is  a  native  of  Bavaria, 
Germany,  born  on  the  24th  day  of  March, 
1838,  Ills  parents  were  John  and  Theresa 
(Lirabech)  Dorfner,  the  former  having  been 
born  December  26,  1796,  the  latter  in  January, 
1804.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  passed  his 
childhood  days  on  a  small  farm,  where  he 
worked  with  his  father  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twelve  years;  but  he  soon  removed  to 
Hagen,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  miller 
and  baker.  Hagen  is  situated  in  Laugericht- 
Mitterfels,  Bavaria.  After  mastering  his  trade 
he  traveled  through  Germany,  making  his 
living  as  he  went  until  1860,  when  he  decided 
to  try  the  new  country  of  America.  He  sailed 
from  Bremen  on  the  17th  of  May,  on  the  Anno 
Delius,  arriving  in  New  York  the  5th  of  July, 
1860.  He  soon  drifted  to  Pennsylvania,  thence 
to  Illinois,  and  there  worked  on  a  farm  for 
nearly  two  years,  finally  reached  Chicago,  when 
the  Civil  war  broke  out.  He  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany D,  Forty-third  Illinois  Infantry,  on  the 
Ist  of  March,  1862.  He  joined  his  regiment 
at  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  then  began  a  series 
of  hardships  so  common  to  the  soldier.  He 
was  at  the  battles  of  Cornell  Mountain,  Bolivar, 
Tennessee,  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  and  Helena, 
Arkansas.  His  last  engagement  was  at  Jenkins' 
Ferry,  on  the  Saline  river,  April  31,  1864.  He 
returned  to  Pennsylvania  after  the  war  ended, 
and  there  began  work  again,  and  in  the  subse- 
quent year  was  married.  He  again  tried  his 
fortune  in  Illinois,  but  remained  only  seven 
months,  when  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  until  1870,  when  he  went  to 
Kansas  and  took  up  a  homestead  in  Marshall 
county,  near  Marysville,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  In  1875  he  began  business  at  Marys- 
ville, Kansas,  and  there  remained  for  eighteen 
years.  He  left  Kansas  on  the  8th  of  March, 
1888,  and  went  direct  to  Tacoma,  where  he  now 
resides. 

His  wife  was  Catherine  Sippel,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dorfner  have 
seven  children:  George,  born  April  30,  1867; 
Pvosie,  June  30. 1869;  Willie,  February  2,  1871; 
John,  March  14,  1873;  Emil,  March  1,  1875; 
48 


Iludolph,  March  12,  1877;  one  child.  Otto,  de^- 
ceased,  having  died  in  infancy;  and  AVaUer, 
born  December  19,  1874. 

Mr,  Dorfner  is  a  member  of  the  I.  U.  ().  F., 
and  also  Tacoma  Lodge,  No.  89;  also  a  Knight 
of  Honor  and  a  comrade  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


—^-i 


m^^- 


[(  NTON  HIITH  is  of  the  firm  of  Scholl  & 
\\  Huth,  members  of  the  Puget  Sound 
li  Brewery  Company.  He  is  a  native  of 
(/lermany,  and  was  born  in  Hesse-Darm- 
stadt, at  Kreis-Friedberg,  on  the  2d  day  of  De- 
cember, 1854.  his  parents  being  Philip  and 
Gertrude  (Iludolph)  Huth.  He  attended  school 
from  si.\  to  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  then  be- 
gan the  brewery  business  at  Friedrichsdorff", 
where  he  remained  four  years.  He  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  in  1872,  locating  at  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  where  he  was  in  the  City 
Brewery,  in  which  he  served  as  "first  hand." 
In  1885  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  was 
for  two  years  foreman  at  Weinhardt's  Brewery, 
after  which  he  was  one  year  at  the  Vancouver 
Brewei-y,  which  he  transformed  into  a  lager 
brewery.  In  November,  1888,  he  came  to  Ta- 
coma to  take  an  interest  in  the  Puget  Sound 
Brewery.  They  built  the  new  lirewery,  which 
has  a  capacity  of  150  barrels.  Their  principal 
market  is  Tacoma,  but  their  business  is  spread- 
ing rapidly  to  other  Sound  cities. 

Mr.  Huth  was  married  on  May  21,  1891,  to 
Miss  Agnes  Muehler,  a  native  of  Saxony. 


D^Pt.  CHPJSTO  P.  BALABANOFF  is  a 
I  native  of  Bulgaria,  and  was  born  at  Tir- 
— -  nova  on  the  15th  day  of  December,  1858. 
His  parents  were  Peter  and  Stanco  Balabanoff. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  came  to  America,  and 
after  a  few  months  in  New  York,  went  to  Clin- 
ton, New  Y'ork,  where  he  first  entered  the 
grammar  schools  and  afterward  the  Hamilton 
College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1885. 
He  then  entered  the  medical  department  of  the 
New  York  University,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1888.  Immediately  after  graduation  he  went 
to  Vienna  and  attended  the  Allgemeinen  Krank- 
anhaus,  connected  with  the  University  of  Vien- 
na, for  one  and  a  half  years.  After  spending 
a  few  months  in  the  hospitals  of  Paris  and  Lon- 


766 


HISTORY    OF    WMEINOTON. 


don,  he  returned  to  America  and  began  to  prac- 
tice in  Tacoma,  in  August,  1890,  where  he  has 
since  remained. 

Dr.  Balabanoi?  was  married  in  New  York,  on 
July  15,  1890,  to  Miss  Ella  A.  Moore.  They 
have  one  child,  named  Slava  Stocktridge. 

Dr.  Balabanofi  is  well  known  in  Tacoma  and 
the  entire  Northwest  as  an  eye  and  ear  special- 
ist, and  in  connection  with  his  eminent  brother. 
Dr.  Ivan  P.  Balabanoff,  enjoys  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice.  He  is  a  member  of  Lodge 
No.  123,  I.  O.  O.  F. 


LG.  ABBOTT,  a  resident  of  Olympia, 
j  Washington,  was  born  near  Detroit, 
1  Michigan,  in  February,  1829,  son  of  Sam- 
uel 11.  and  Therese  (Beaufait)  Abbott,  also  na- 
tives of  that  State.  At  the  age  of  eleven  years 
young  Abbot  entered  a  prititing  office  to  learn 
the  trade  of  printer,  remaining  three  years. 
Then,  with  the  death  of  his  mother,  he  left  home 
and  went  to  Mackinac,  and  in  the  spring  of  1847 
went  to  the  Lake  Superior  country,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  copper  mining.  Li  1848  he  returned 
to  Coldwater,  Branch  county,  Michigan,  and  in 
1850  was  married  to  Miss  Irene  Janes,  a  native 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Abbott  was  then  engaged 
in  farming  until  the  spring  of  1854,  when,  with 
a  party  of  men,  he  started  for  California,  mak- 
ing the  journey  with  ox  teams  and  enduring 
many  hardships.  Their  cattle  gave  out  at  Mor- 
mon Station,  and  from  that  place  they  packed 
their  ett'ects  to  Placerville. 

Upon  reaching  the  El  Dorado  of  the  West, 
Mr.  Abbot  engaged  in  mining  at  Placerville, 
continuing  there  and  at  Mud  Springs  and 
Georgetown  for  several  years.  In  1857  he  sent 
for  his  wife  and  child,  who  came  out  via  the 
Panama  route  and  joined  him  at  Georgetown. 
In  1860  lie  quit  mining,  having  then  only  bare- 
ly enough  funds  with  which  to  move  his  family 
and  effects  to  Olympia,  AVashington,  where  he 
again  engaged  in  printing,  finding  employment 
in  the  office  of  the  Washington  Standard.  In 
the  fall  of  1860  he  pre-empted  a  farm  seven 
miles  south  of  iown,  improved  the  same  and 
moved  his  family  to  it.  Here  he  followed  agri- 
cultural ]iursuits  and  at  intervals  was  engaged 
in  the  pulili.-^hing  business.  In  partnership 
with  John  R.  Watson,  lie  bought  the  office  of 
the  old   Pioneer   &   Democrat,   ti.e   tirst  paper 


published  in  the  then  Territory,  which  they 
changed  to  tiie  Tribune.  They  also  bought  the 
old  Ramage  wooden  press,  the  lirst  printing 
press  brought  to  the  northwest  coast.  This 
press  they  removed  to  Seattle  and  there  started 
the  Gazette,  the  pioneer  paper  of  that  city. 
Randall  H.  Hewitt  subsequently  bought  the 
Watson  interest  in  the  Tribune,  and  the  linn  of 
Abbott  &  Hewitt  continued  three  years,  when 
Mr.  Abbott  sold  out.  He  was  also  interested 
in  publishing  the  Commercial  Age,  and,  in 
partnership  with  C.  B.  Bagley,  established  the 
Echo,  which  they  conducted  about  two  years. 
Mr.  Abbott  then  sold  out  and  retired  to  his 
farm,  which,  by  subsequent  purchase,  he  had 
increased  to  480  acres.  He  cleared  100  acres, 
and  devoted  his  whole  time  and  attention  to 
farming  and  stock-raising  until  1882,  when, 
giving  the  management  of  the  ranch  over  into 
his  son's  hands,  he  came  to  Olympia  and  opened 
a  grocery  store,  continuing  the  same  until  the 
spring  of  1889. 

Mrs.  Abbott  departed  this  life  in  1887,  leav- 
ing two  children:  Amelia  T.,  wife  of  Joseph 
Chilberg,  and  William  J.,  who  is  engaged  in 
farming. 

In  1889,  after  an  absence  of  thirty-five  years, 
Mr.  Abbott  made  his  first  visit  to  the  scenes  of 
his  childhood,  meeting  brothers  and  sisters  who 
seemed  little  less  than  strangers^  He  was  mar- 
ried that  autumn,  at  Coldwater,  Michigan,  to 
Mrs.  Helen  N.  (Harmon)  Nye,  and  with  her  re- 
turned to  Olympia. 

Upon  his  return  to  this  city,  Mr.  Abbott  en- 
gaged in  real-estate  speculations.  He  still  owns 
valuable  property,  both  improved  and  unim- 
proved, in  the  city  and  vicinity.  In  1891  he 
bought  his  present  residence,  it  being  the  old 
hi)mestead  of  the  C.  P.  Hale  donation  clHim, 
pleasantly  located  on  the  water  front  on  the 
East  Side. 

Socially,  Mr.  Abbott  affiliates  with  the  F.  A: 
A.  M.  He  served  one  term  as  County  Treas- 
urer. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  the  worthy 
citizens  of  Olympia — a  man  well  known  and 
highly  respected  for  his  many  estimable  quali- 


Jl   NELSON  LAITBACH,  Clerk  of   Jeffer- 
son   county,    was    born    at    Tiffin,    Ohio, 
August  4,  1855,    a  son   of  Bev.  Abraham 
and  Emeline  (Pollock)  Laubach,  natives  of  Penn- 


HISTORY    OF    WAsniNOrON. 


sylvania.  The  father  remained  on  a  farm  to 
tlie  age  of  twenty  years,  after  whicli  he  learned 
the  printer's  trade  in  the  otRce  of  the  Advocate, 
at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  subsequently 
followed  his  trade  at  Charleston,  West  Virtrinia. 
At  the  latter  place  he  also  became  active  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach.  Mr.  Lanbach  next  removed  to 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  where  he  followed  his 
trade  during  the  week,  and  preached  on  Sun- 
days. In  1850,  at  the  request  of  General  Will- 
iam H.  Gibson,  he  located  at  Tifhn,  Ohio, 
where  he  conducted  the  Tifiin  Whig  for  several 
years.  He  next  went  to  Dallas,  Iowa,  where  he 
was  actively  engaged  in  the  teaching  of  Divine 
truths  in  various  parts  of  the  State.  Under  the 
influence  of  his  preaching  about  3,000  souls 
were  added  to  the  church.  In  1871  Mr.  Lan- 
bach was  transferred  by  Bishop  Janes  to  the 
Oregon  conference,  which  at  that  time  included 
the  Territory  of  Wasiiington,  and  was  stationed 
at  Port  Townsend,  where  he  labored  hard,  with 
inadequate  support.  In  1872  he  removed  to 
Portland,  aiid,  by  appointment  of  Bishop  Har- 
ris, supplied  the  Hall  Street  Church.  While 
there  he  also  acted  as  publisiier  and  business 
manager  of  the  Pacific  Christian  Advocate.  At 
the  close  of  the  second  year,  and  on  account  of 
failing  health,  he  took  a  superanuated  relation, 
and  returned  to  his  home,  which  he  had  pre- 
viously located,  at  the  head  of  Port  Discovery 
bay.  He  there  passed  the  closing  years  of  his 
life. 

J.  Nelson  Lauhach  received  his  education  in 
the  public  and  high  schools  of  Iowa.  In  1871 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Port  Townsend, 
where  he  spent  one  year  on  a  farm,,  and  was 
then  employed  about  the  sawmills  in  that  city, 
first  in  wheeling  slabs.  By  frequent  promo- 
tions he  was  finally  employed  in  the  store,  where 
he  remained  until  1877.  Mr.  Laubach  was  then 
engaged  in  clerking  in  a  store  at  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, for  a  few  months,  next  followed  the  pro- 
duce commission  business  until  1880,  was  then 
connected  with  merchandising  and  the  drug 
business  at  The  Dalles,  and  in  tiie  fall  of  1883 
returned  to  Port  Townsend.  He  then  became 
manager  of  the  Port  Townsend  sawmill,  but 
three  years  later  the  mill  was  leased  to  George 
W.  Downs,  by  whom  Mr.  Laubach  was  em- 
ployed as  bookkeeper  and  superintendent.  In 
1893  he  resigned  his  position,  to  enter  upon  the 
duties  of  liis  present  office,  to  which  he  had 
beenelected  in   iVovember   1892.     He  was  one 


of  the  few  Republicans  to  receive  a  majority. 
In  Port  Townsend,  in  June,  1884,  our  sub- 
ject was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Ida  May 
Van  Ilusen,  a  native  of  Sacramento,  and  a 
daughter  of  J.  H.  Van  Husen,  a  California 
pioneer.  Mi-.  Laubach  lias  served  as  secretary 
and  chairman  of  the  Republican  Central  Com- 
mittee, and  in  1890  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Elisha  P.  Ferry  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Health  of  Pnget  Sound.  He  owns  improved 
and  unimproved  business  and  residence  property, 
and  is  active  in  such  enterprises  as  conduce  to 
the  development  of  Port  Townsend,  the  Key 
City  to  Pnget  Sound. 

LEVI  CLANTON,  general  blacksmith  and 
j   dealer  in  agricultural  implements,  Cen- 
i   terville,    Klickitat    county,    Washington, 

is  a  native  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  born 
Xovember  3,  1836.  His  parents,  Isaac  and 
Sallie  (Engeltinger)  Clanton,  were  natives  of 
Saxony,  Germany,  and  in  their  youth  emigrated 
to  America,  being  married  after  coining  to  this 
country.  Levi  Clanton  grew  to  maturity  at 
tlie  place  of  his  birth,  and  when  he  was  of  proper 
age  he  went  to  learn  the  trade  of  edge-tool  maker 
at  the  old  Lincoln  factory.  After  he  had  served 
his  term  of  apprenticeship  he  set  up  a  shop  at 
Long  Island  factory  in  Catawba  county;  after 
three  years  he  went  to  Spartanburg,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  there  M-as  in  the  employ  of  Fowler, 
Foster  &  Company,  carriage  manufacturers.  It 
was  during  his  residence  here  that  the  Civil 
war  broke  out,  and  lie  soon  enlisted  in  the  State 
service;  going  to  Cliaili'-tini  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Fifth  Sdutli  Carolina  Regiment,  and 
proceeded  to  Fort  Moultrie,  where  he  was  sta- 
tioned six  weeks;  thence  he  went  into  Virginia 
and  entered  the  regular  Confederate  army,  after 
which  his  regimental  name  was  chaiiofd  to 
"Palmetto  Sharpshooters."  His  caiialiilitit's 
as  a  mechanic  were  soon  discovered  and  after 
this  he  was  made  brigade  blacksmith,  serving 
in  this  capacity  under  General  Jenkins  and  later 
under  General  Bratton.  By  special  Orders  from 
from  military  headquarters  at  Riciimond  he  was 
transferred  to  the  cavalry,  and  served  in  this  de- 
partment until  the  close  of  the  war.  Mr.  Clanton 
was  but  150  yards  distant  from  General  Lee 
at  Appomattox  when  the  famous  Confederate 
chieftain  tendered  his  sword  to  (leiieral  Grant  in 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


token  of  surrender.  In  the  capacity  of  black- 
smitli  his  skill  became  known  throughout  the 
army,  and  he  did  all  the  shoeing  for  the  generals 
of  the  Confederacy. 

When  hostilities  ceased  he  returned  to  Spar- 
tansburg  and  opened  a  shop  which  he  ran  until 
jNovember,  1867,  wlien  he  went  to  Clinton,  An- 
derson county,  east  Tennessee.  For  four  years 
lie  carried  on  a  general  business  in  his  line,  and 
at  the  end  of  this  time  went  to  Fincastle,  Camp- 
bell county,  Tennessee,  where  he  continued  two 
years;  removing  to  Jacksboro  he  made  his  home 
there  for  a  year  and  a  half. 

In  1882,  he  went  to  Tlie  Dalles,  Oregon,  and 
after  a  year  there,  came  to  Centerville,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  was  one  of  the  lirst  settlers. 
Besides  doing  a  large  black^mithing  business 
Mr.  Clanton  is  agent  for  C.  H.  Dodd  &  Com- 
pany, Portland,  dealers  in  farm  machinery  and 
all  kinds  of  vehicles;  for  the  Russell  Company 
of  Portland,  dealers  in  traction  engines,  separ- 
ators and  sawmills;  for  J.  M.  Arthur  &  Com- 
pany, manufacturer  of  "  Old  Hickory"  wagons; 
and  for  the  John  Poole  Company,  manufactur- 
ers of  the  Star  wind-mill  and  all  kinds  of 
pumps  and  traction  engines. 

Mr.  Clanton  is  a  member  of  the  Goldendale 
Baptist  Cliurch,  and  has  been  a  preacher  of  this 
denpmination  since  his  ordination  at  Oak 
Grove  Church,  Audubon  county,  Tennessee,  in 
1875.  When  he  came  to  this  county  he  brought 
with  him  the  signatures  of  many  of  the  leading 
people  in  the  section  of  the  State  which  had 
been  his  home,  testifying  to  his  merit  and  ca- 
pabilities as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  in  Lincoln  county,  North 
Carolina,  April  1,  1853,  to  Miss  Pamelia  Fran- 
ces Sanders,  who  was  born  in  the  county  where 
her  marriage  occurred.  They  are  the  parents 
of  a  family  of  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living:  Elizabeth,  wife  of  W.  T.  Wallace;  La- 
nora,  wife  of  Alfred  Longmier;  Emma,  Ed- 
ward, Nellie  and  Lee;  the  children  who  died 
were:  Avery,  Lina  and  John  W. 

^-^■'^^- 


FRED  L.  MACK,  an  energetic  young 
farmer  of  Klickitat  county,  has  been  a 
^  resident  of  Washington  since  1889,  and 
since  that  time  has  given  liis  undivided  alle- 
giance to  this  progressive  commonwealth.  He 
was  born  af  Brimtield,  Peoria  county,  Illinois, 


December  8.  1869,  a  son  of  Enos  and  Mary 
(Berrian)  Mack.  His  mother  died  when  he  was 
but  nine  years  of  age,  so  he  was  deprived  in 
childhood  of  her  gentle,  loving  care  and  guid- 
ance. He  grew  to  maturity  amid  the  scenes  of 
his  birth  at  Brimtield,  and  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  schools  of  the  village.  In 
early  life  he  became  accustomed  to  the  labor  of 
the  farm  and  was  well  trained  in  all  branches  of 
husbandry. 

As  above  stated,  Mr.  Mack  removed  to 
AVashington  in  1889,  and  settled  in  the  vicinity 
of  Chamberlin  Flat,  where  he  was  employed 
until  April,  1892.  He  then  acquired  by  pur- 
chase 160  acres  on  the  Flat,  situated  seventeen 
miles  from  Goldendale.  He  has  been  devoting 
his  energies  to  the  cultivation  of  this  tract,  and 
in  1893  had  a  grain  and  hay  crop  of  thirty 
acres.  He  has  begun  to  stock  the  place  with 
horses  and  cattle,  and  will  eventually  engage  in 
this  business  quite  extensively.  There  is  a 
good  dwelling-house  on  the  place,  and  Mr. 
Mack  has  planted  a  small  orchard  containing  a 
choice  variety  of  fruits  that  grow  well  in  this 
climate.  He  has  made  most  creditable  progress 
in  his  agricultural  ventures,  and  is  personally 
recognized  as  a  desirable  acquisition  to  the 
county  in  which  he  resides. 


d JOSEPH  E.  EATON,  an  honored  pioneer 
j  of  Clarke  county,  Washington,  is  entitled 
—  ■  to  representation  in  this  history,  having 
done  his  share  in  bringing  to  light  the  hidden 
resources  of  this  great  commonwealth,  and  pre- 
pared the  way  for  the  onward  march  of  civiliza- 
tion. He  is  a  native  of  this  State,  born  Au- 
gust 10,  1854,  three  miles  above  Woodland  in  a 
portion  of  Clarke  county  which  has  since  been 
included  within  the  borders  of  Cowlitz  county. 
His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Charlotte  (Crist) 
Eaton;  the  father  was  born  in  Clark  county, 
Illinois,  and  the  mother  removed  to  that  State 
from  Indiana.  In  1852  they  crossed  the  plains, 
seeking  a  home  on  the  untried  shores  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  Arrived  in  Oregon  Mr.  Eaton 
took  up  a  donation  claim  in  1858,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  his  son  Joseph  E.  was  born  amidst 
the  wild  scenes  and  rude  surroundings  of  the 
frontier.  Joseph  Eaton  died  at  Vancouver, 
Washington,  May  3,  1873;  his  wife  survived 
him  until  April,  1881.    The  boyhood  and  youth 


B I  STOUT    OP    WA8HIN0T0N. 


of  our  subject  were  spent  on  the  old  donation 
claim  of  his  parents.  When  he  was  sixteen 
years  old  the  family  were  washed  out  by  high 
waters,  and  afterward  removed  to  the  settlement 
in  which  Mr.  Eaton  now  resides.  Ahout  1877 
lie  purchased  a  tract  of  land  on  Chelachie  prai- 
rie, on  which  he  lived  seven  or  eight  years;  he 
then  sold  out  and  came  to  the  ranch  which  he 
now  occupies;  this  was  formerly  the  property 
of  his  father  and  brother.  '  Pie  has  1U9  acres, 
thirty  acres  of  which  are  cleared  and  devoted  to 
the  raising  of  hay.  Mr.  Eaton  gives  special  at- 
tention to  the  raising  of  live  stock,  his  finest 
specimens  being  of  Holstein  breed.  He  is  very 
systematic  in  all  his  ojterations,  and  manages 
his  business  with  excellent  judgment  and  satis- 
factory results. 

He  was  married  in  that  part  of  Washington 
now  in  Cowlitz  county,  to  Miss  Alice  C.  Burt,  a 
native  of  California,  born  in  San  Joaquin 
county,  and  a  daughter  of  Andrew  Jackson 
Burt.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eaton  have  had  born  to 
them  a  family  of  eight  children,  one  of  whom, 
Jesse  Franklin,  died  in  infancy;  those  surviving 
are:.  Anna  Stella,  Emma,  Charlotte,  Joseph. 
Jeremiah,  Ueorge  and  Lena. 

Mr.  Eaton  is  a  member  of  Lewisville  Lodge 
No.  97,  L  O.  O.  F.  Tolitically,  he  adheres  to 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
zealously  supports  his  views  on  the  leading 
questions  of  the  day.  He  has  served  as  Clerk  of 
his  school  district,  and  has  also  held  the  office 
of  Constable  and  Road  Supervisor. 


EJJWARD  A.  LORENZ  was  born  in 
Prussia,  Germany,  at  the  village  of 
1  Pritznalk,  on  April  18,  1838.  His  par- 
ents were  Carl  and  Sophia  (Li ndgruhn)  Lorenz; 
the  former  a  miller  by  trade  and  the  owner  of 
his  own  mill  property.  Edward  A.  was  reared 
and  educated  in  his  native  village.  After  passing 
the  common  school  he  attended  the  high  school 
one  year.  When  about  sixteen  he  remained 
at  home  with  his  father  for  four  or  five  years, 
but  later  went  on  a  large  farm  as  manager  and 
overseer,  which  occupation  he  followed  for  four- 
teen years.  In  1860  he  went  in  the  army,  en- 
tering the  Guards  of  Berlin,  and  remained  there 
one  year.  In  1871,  he  emigrated  to  New  York, 
but  remaining  only  a  few  days  started  west. 
1872  was  spent  in  traveling  from   one  place  to 


another  stopping  at  none  for  more  than  a  few 
weeks.  During  the  course  of  this  travel  he  was 
at  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan;  Milwaukee,  Wis- 
consin; Iowa  and  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  finally 
in  the  early  part  of  1873  he  went  to  California, 
locating  in  San  Francisco  until  August  ot  that 
year  when  he  went  to  Victoria,  British  Colum- 
bia, from  which  place  he  came  to  Tacoma.  After 
a  short  stay  he  took  up  a  claim  at  Orting,  and 
spent  three  years  plaiUing  potatoes  and  vegeta- 
bles. He  soon,  however,  recognized  the  possi- 
bility for  larger  profits  in  the  hop  industry  and 
so  reared  his  first  crop  in  1877.  His  land  pro- 
duced 1,500  pounds  to  the  acre,  which  he 
marketed  at  six  cents.  The  next  year  he  got 
eight  cents  and  the  year  following  twenty-eigiit 
cents  per  pound.  In  1883  he  marketed  his 
entire  crop  at  sLvty-three  cents  per  pound,  and 
realized  on  seven  acres  of  land  $7,000,  clear  of 
expense.  He  then  began  to  buy  Tacoma  city 
property,  selling  it  to  advantage  again,  and 
re-investing  his  money.  He  afterward  sold  the 
town  of  Outing  160  acres  of  land  for  the  Sol- 
diers' Home. 

Mr.  Lorenz  was  raaiTied  on  July  10,  1882, 
to  Miss  Ernestina  Wolfmann,  a  native  of  Ger- 
many. She  died  in  March,  1888,  leaving  one 
child,  Annie.  He  was  married  again  on  Febru- 
ary 10,  1889,  to  Miss  Annie  Mavur,  a  native 
of  Canada.  She  also  died  on  December  25, 1890. 


ILLIAM  SIBURG  began  the  business 
of  bottling  lieer  in  Tacoma  in  1880, 
and  was  the  first  to  start  this  line  of 
business  in  that  city.  He  removed  from  his 
old  stand  on  Eighth  and  Pacific  streets  in  1888 
to  his  present  location,  and  started  under  the 
name  of  the  Eagle  Bottling  Works.  For  the 
last  two  years  he  has  l)een  confining  his  busi- 
ness to  bottling  of  soda  and  mineral  water  and 
sells  his  product  to  all  the  neighboring  towns  as 
far  east  as  Ellensburg  and  Yakima. 

Mr  Siburg  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  on 
January  26,  1855,  in  the  city  of  Brunswick, 
Dutchy  of  Brunswick.  His  parents  were  Wil- 
heim  and  Louisa  (Andrecht)  Siburg;  the 
former  a  government  officer  in  the  service  of 
the  railroads  and  formerly  in  the  Custom  De- 
partm'ent.  William  was  reared  and  educated 
in  his  native  place  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  was  sent  to  a  commercial   school.     At 


^70 


tilStOBT    OF    WASniNGTOir. 


twenty  he  entered  the  army  in  the  Ninety- 
second  Regiment  of  Brunswick  and  was  sta- 
tioned in  Alsaace  and  in  the  garrison  at  Metz. 
He  served  actively  for  two  years.  1880  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  coming  direct  to  JNew  York 
city,  where  he  remained  one  year,  tlien  going 
to  PhiLadelphia  and  later  to  Atlantic  City; 
thence  to  Cincinnati,  and  then  back  to  Atlantic 
City;  thence  to  Brooklyn,  and  from  there  to 
San  Antonia,  Texrs.  In  1884  he  went  to  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  after  a  year  opened  a  busi- 
ness there  which  he  ran  for  a  year,  when  he 
came  to  Tacoma  as  Henry  Weinliardt's  agent, 
and  later  started  in  business  for  himself. 

He  is  a  member  of  German  Sons  of  Hermann 
and  was  a  charter  member  and  is  the  oldest  ex- 
president.  He  is  Noble  Grand  of  the  Steuben 
Lodge  No.  65,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  Schiller  Grove,  No.  1,  U.  A.  O.  D.,  a 
new  lodge  in  Tacoma.  Of  the  German  societies, 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Blattdeutsche  Verein 
and  of  the  Germania  Society. 


!|J|UGH  L.  THOMAS,    one   of  the    active 
Ir^l    young  business  men  of  Seattle,  was  born 
J     ll    at  WellsviUe,  Ohio,  December  22, 1868, 
•f/  the  only  living  child  of  John  and  Eliza- 

beth (Bean)  Thomas,  natives  of  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  paternal  an- 
cestors of  our  subject  were  from  England,  and 
were  among  the  Puritan  settlers  of  New  En- 
gland, locating  at  Plymouth,  Massachusetts, 
where  the  family  have  since  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  town,  and  are  still  largely  repre- 
sented there.  John  Thomas,  great-great-grand- 
father of  our  subject,  was  a  surgeon  in  the 
Revolutionary  army,  and  an  intimate  friend  of 
General  Washington.  Other  members  of  the 
family  have  been  distinguished  in  matters  of 
church  and  State.  The  maternal  ancestors  were 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and  were  among  the 
pioneers  of  Pennsylvania.  They  were  famed 
as  hotel  managers,  one  family  having  owned  the 
celegrated  Red  Lion  Hotel  of  Pittsburg,  so  well 
known  in  the  early  'lO's.  John  Thomas,  father 
of  our  subject,  was  prominently  connected  with 
r.iilroad  interests,  and  for  many  years  was  Gen- 
eral Superintendent  of  the  Pennsylvania  system 
west  of  Pittsburg.  He  retired  from  active 
business  in  August,  1891,  and  now  resides  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  engaged  in  looking  after  his 
private  interests. 


Hugh  L.  Thomas  received  his  education  in 
the  public  and  high  schools  of  Cleveland,  also  at 
the  Western  University,  at  Pittsburg.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  years  he  entered  into  railroal  life, 
which  he  followed  at  Pittsburg  and  Cleveland 
until  1888,  and  in  that  year  made  a  prospecting 
tour  through  the  South  and  West.  He  arrived 
in  Tacoma,  Washington,  in  August  of  the  same 
year,  and,  being  reduced  in  finances,  accepted 
the  first  position  offered,  which  was  as  porter 
in  the  Tacoma  Hotel,  at  $30  per  month.  A 
few  months  later  Mr.  Thomas  secured  a  position 
with  the  real  estate  lirm  of  Eshelman,  Llewellyn 
&  Company  at  Seattle,  in  superintending  their 
advertising  department,  which  amounted  to 
$40,000  per  year,  and  in  looking  after  Eastern 
investments.  In  the  spring  of  1892  Mr.  Thomas 
severed  the  above  connection  to  take  the  active 
management  of  the  Dwamish  Construction  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  an  incorporator  and  Vice- 
President.  The  company  was  organized  to 
construct  the  lines  of  railroad  projected  by  the 
West  Side  Traction  Company,  and  they  now 
have  under  construction  the  electric  line  across 
the  tide  flats,  connecting  Seattle  with  the  West 
Side.  Mr.  Thomas  is  one  of  the  developers  of 
the  West  Side,  where  he  resides,  and  owns  valu- 
able residence  property. 

In  Cleveland,  Ohio,  April  2,  1890,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Lucy  F.  Robinson, 
a  native  of  that  city.  They  have  one  child, 
John  Thomas.  Mr.  Thomas  is  a  member  of 
the  Knight  Templars,  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  of 
the  Rainier  Club.  He  is  a  man  of  public  spirit 
and  enterprise,  who,  by  personal  effort,  has  sur- 
mounted many  of  the  hardships  of  life,  and 
attained  a  position  or   trust   and   responsibility. 


|-^&- 


■•♦^^4 


JENRY  O.  GEIGER  was  born  at  Marion, 
Ohio,  on  Jnly  7,  1852,  his  parents  being 
ii  Daniel  and  Margaret  (Holverstott)  Gei- 
ger,  the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
the  latter  of  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  left  home  and  began 
to  travel  from  one  State  to  another,  working  as 
he  went,  on  farms  principally,  finally  reaching 
California.  He  met  many  hardships  and  some- 
times was  compelled  to  resort  to  divers  odd  jobs 
to  make  a  living.  While  in  California  he 
chopped  oak  wood  for  $1  a  cord.  He  reached 
Tacoma  in  August,  1873.  He  obtained  work 
on   the  railroad    then    building    from    Tenino, 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Washington.  He  finally  took  up  ninety  five 
acres  of  land  on  Boat  island  and  spent  six  years 
improvincr  it,  but  tlie  survey  was  canceled  and 
the  land  company  secured  it.  He  worked  at 
anything  liis  hands  found  to  do,  and  for  almost 
any  compensation.  From  1874  to  1881  he 
spent  most  of  the  time  east  of  the  monntains 
steamboating  and  at  work  for  the  Government 
on  the  upper  Columbia  and  Snake  rivers.  In 
1881  Mr.  Geiger  settled  in  Tacoma  permanently 
and  in  1882  was  elected  Street  Commissioner 
and  served  two  years.  He  then  began  contract- 
ing  and  in  1883  got  a  water  plant  and  began 
pile  driving,  being  the  first  one  in  that  business 
in  Tacoma.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Geiger  &  Zabriskie,  which  has  done  some  of 
the  largest  contracting  work  on  Puget  Sound. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  September  2, 
1879,  to  Miss  Jeanette  Halsted,  daughter  of 
Jacob  Halsted,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Tacoma. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  was  one  of  the  commis- 
sion appointed  to  frame  the  Tacoma  city  charter. 

Mr.  Geiger  is  general  manager  of  the  firm  of 
Geiger  Ar  Zabriskie,  an  account  of  whose  work 
is  given  elsewhere  on  these  pages. 

dIOHN  LEO  was  born  at  Scariff,  Clare 
county,  Ireland,  on  December  25,  1846. 
--  His  parents  were  El  ward  and  Mary  (Nayr 
Ion)  Leo.  When  he  was  a  mere  infant  his  par- 
ents emigrpted  to  America,  stopping  a  year  in 
New  York  State  and  then  going  farther  west  to 
Faribault,  Minnesota,  where  their  son  grew  to 
manhood.  He  was  educated  in  the  Seabury 
University  of  that  city  and  at  St.  Francis'  Col- 
lege in  Milwaukee,  finishing  his  studies  at  St. 
vTncent's  (College,  St.  Louis,  in  1867.  He 
taught  school  for  a  year  and  then  went  with 
John  H.  Case,  an  attorney  of  Fariliault,  and 
studied  law  until  1872,  when  he  was  admitted 
t(i  the  bar.  He  opened  an  office  in  Faribault, 
ami  shortly  afterward  was  elected  and  served 
three  years  as  Municipal  Judge  of  Faribault. 
From  1877  to  1879  he  lived  at  Bismarck,  North 
Dakota,  but  not  liking  this  country  particularly 
he  returned  to  Minnesota,  in  Polk  county,  where 
he  resided,  following  his  profession  of  law,  until 
1887,  when  he  removed  to  Helena,  Montana; 
from  there,  after  a  two  years'  stay,  he  came  to 
Tacoma,  in  1889.  He  began  practice  alone,  but 
in   1890  he  went   in   partnership  with    A.  N. 


Jordon,  under  the  firm  name  of  Leo  &  Jordon, 
which  continued  until  January,  1893.  On  No- 
vember 8,  1892,  Mr.  Leo  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  from  the  thirty-si.xth  district, 
which  was  Republican.  As  a  legislator,  he 
served  on  the  following  committees:  Judiciary, 
Insurance,  State  School  and  Granted  Lands, 
Municipal  Corporations,  Rules  and  Order,  Privi 
leges  and  Elections. 

Mr.  Leo  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
Democratic  councils  and  politics  in  whatever 
community  he  has  been.  While  in  Minnesota 
(Polk  county)  he  was  County  Commissioner  for 
1881-'82-'88,  and  in  the  fall  of  1884  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Polk  county  for  the 
term  of  1885-86. 

Mr.  Leo  was  married  on  December  27,  1884, 
to  Miss  Caroline  Waak,  a  native  of  Germany. 


^•^- 


P)REYOST  &  PFEIFFER.— This  firm  be- 
gan business  in  Tacoma  in  the  year  1889, 
starting  at  that  time  in  what  is  their  pres- 
ent location. 

The  firm  consists  of  George  Prevost  and  An- 
ton Pfeiffer,  and  their  business  is  the  manufac- 
turing of  office  and  bank  furniture  and  fittings. 
Their  trade  extends  all  over  the  Puget  Sound 
country,  and  even  the  State  of  Washington. 

Mr.  Prevost  came  to  Tacoma  about  the  same 
time  as  did  Mr.  Pfeiffer  and  has  been  associated 
with  the  latter  during  the  past  fourteen  years. 

Anton  Pfeiffer  is  a  native  of  Switzerland  and 
was  born  on  July  19,  1852,  his  parents  being 
Luzi  and  Katherine.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
was  put  at  tlie  trade  of  cabinet-making  and  fol- 
lowed liis  trade  in  his  native  place  for  some 
years.  In  the  year  1873  he  reached  New  York, 
sailing  direct  from  Havre,  France.  With  only 
a  short  stay  in  New  York  he  went  to  Chicago 
and  remained  there  only  one  week,  going  thence 
to  Stevens'  Point  on  tlie  Wisconsin  Central  Rail- 
road, where  he  engaged  in  the  car  shops  at  his 
trade.  He  remained  there  about  four  years  and 
tlien  went  to  Hillsdale,  Michigan,  where  he 
worked  for  F.  M.  Bughtman  in  a  furniture  fac 
tory  about  four  years.  In  1884  he  went  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  and  after  working  a  short 
while  there  in  Powers'  furniture  factory  he 
finally  went  to  Tacoma  and  worked  in  the  Ta- 
coma furniture  factory  for  some  years.  Then 
he  engaged  with  others  in  the  same  business  a 


BISTORT    OF    W.A8HINGT0N. 


few  years,  when  lie  established  his  own  business 
under  the  firm  uame  of  Frevost  &  Pfeiffer. 

Mr.  Pfeiffer  was  married  at  Hillsdale,  his 
wife  being  a  native  of  Kalamazoo,  Michigan. 
Tiiey  have  two  children,  William  and  Beatrice. 


[[  J[  ARRIS  A.  CORELL,  a  prominent  attor- 
p^'i    ney  of  Tacoma,   was    born   January  19, 
J     11    1859,    in  Centerville,  Crawford  county, 
•f/  Pennsylvania.      His  parents  were  Lucius 

H.and  MandanaF.  C.  (Harris)  Corel!,  the  former 
a  native  of  New  York,  the  latter  of  Vermont. 
When  Harris  A.  had  reached  the  age  of  seven 
the  family  moved  to  Chautauqua  county,  New 
York,  where  he  was  reared.  He  received  a 
common-school  education  at  the  district  school, 
and  later  on  attended  the  Stace  Normal  Scliool 
at  f'redonia,  Xew  York,  where  he  took  an 
academic  course.  He  bej^an  the  study  of  law 
with  the  Hon.  David  B.  Hill  at  Elmira  in  1880, 
and  after  remaining  with  him  three  years  went 
with  him  to  Albany,  after  Hill's  election  as 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  York,  and  attended 
the  law  department  of  Union  College  at  Albany, 
and  was  graduated  witli  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Law  in  1883.  In  May  of  the  same  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York,  at  Binghamton.  He  be- 
gan the  practice  of  law  at  Elmira,  but  later  re- 
moved to  Albany,  where  he  continued  his  prac- 
tice with  Louis  W.  Pratt  and  Gaylord  Logan, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Pratt,  Logan  &  Corel). 
For  seven  consecutive  years,  from  1883  to  1889 
inclusive,  he  was  associated  with  the  New  York 
Senate, — the  first  three  years  in  a  clerical  posi- 
tion, the  other  four  years  as  the  official  stenog- 
rapher of  the  Senate.  During  these  years  he 
reported  several  very  important  Senate  investi- 
gations, including  the  so-called  Jake  Sharp 
Broadway  Surface  Railroad  investigation,  in 
which  Hon.  Roscoe  Conkling  was  the  leading 
counsel.  This  work  and  his  Senate  work  brought 
him  in  contact  with  most  of  the  leading  men  of 
the  State  of  New  York.  He  has  always  been 
an  active  Republican,  and  during  the  national 
campaign  of  1888  he  was  assistant  secretary  of 
the  National  Repnlilican  Committee,  with  head- 
quarters at  New  York  city. 

During  the  years  1SS7  to  1889  he  employed 
his  spare  time  in  the  preparation  of  a  three- 
volume  work  on  Practice,  which  was  projected 
and  carried  forward  by  the"  Hon.  William  Rum- 


sey,  then  and  now  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  This  work  was 
a  comprehensive  one,  covering  the  entire  sub- 
ject of  ])ractice  under  the  New  York  code  of 
civil  procedure.  Mr.  Corell  had  the  entire 
charge  of  the  preparation  of  copy,  and  wrote 
fifteen  of  the  chapters  of  the  work,  prepared  in- 
dexes, etc.  After  completing  this  work  he 
came  to  the  State  of  Washington,  in  January, 
1890,  located  at  Tacoma,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  practiced  alone  until 
January,  1891,  when  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Hon. GalnshaParsons,  which stillcontinues. 

In  1892  he  was  elected  to  the  City  Council 
of  Tacoma,  and  at  the  first  regular  meeting 
was  chosen  president,  and  now  remains  in  that 
capacity.  He  has  been  chosen  delegate  to  all 
the  city,  county  and  State  Republican  conven- 
tions since  arriving  at  Tacoma,  excepting  the 
one  when  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Council. 

He  was  married  in  1883.  His  wife,  Jennie 
F.  C.  Lusk,  was  a  native  of  Erie  county.  New 
York.  They  have  two  children,  Alice  F.  and 
Gertrude  E.  He  is  a  member  of  Stare  Lodge, 
No.  68,  F.  &  A.  M.;  also  of  Tacoma  Chapter, 
No.  4,  and  of  the  Universalist  Church. 


QR.  MAURICE  M.  DODGE  was  born  in 
]  New  Lyme,  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  on 
—^  the  28th  of  October,  1842.  His  parents 
were  William  E.  and  Delilah  (Stultz)  Dodge; 
the  former  was  born  in  Connecticut,  the  latter 
near  Rochester,  New  York. 

Maurice  M.  Dodge,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  reared  on  the  farm  until  he  was  fifteen 
years  old.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine 
when  sixteen,  with  Dr.  Porter  Key,  of  New 
Lyme,  and  read  with  him  for  three  years,  teacli- 
intr  school  meanwhile. 

He  then  went  into  the  old  Commercial  Hos- 
pital at  Cincinnati  (now  the  Cincinnati  Hos- 
pital), one  of  the  largest  in  the  United  Stptes. 
In  1863  and  1864  he  attended  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann 
Arbor,  and  being  anxious  to  join  the  army 
was  given  a  certificate  entitling  him  to  prac- 
tice. He  entered  Company  D,  Fortieth  Wis- 
consin Volunteer  Infantry,  and  proceeded  with 
his  company  to  Memphis,  Tennessee,  where  he 
was  detailed  to  the  Adams  Hospital  and  served  ob 
the  staff  of  the  surgeon  in  charge  until  the  end  of 
the  war  and  the  closing  of  the  hospital  in  the  fall 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  18G5.  After  tliis  he  went  to  Chicago,  aud 
engaged  iu  practice  until  1871  when  the  great 
lire  occurred.  He  then  began  attendance  at  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  and  was 
graduated  there  in  February,  1872,  and  two 
days  later  he  went  to  Albert  Lea,  Freeborn 
county,  Minnesota,  and  practiced  there  until  he 
came  to  Tacoma,  on  October  12,  1888,  where 
he  has  since  remained.  He  bought  property  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ninth  and  I  streets,  and  built  an 
office;  the  locality  then  being  virtually  in  the 
woods,  though  the  growth  of  the  city  has  since 
been  such  as  to  leave  his  property  in  the  heart 
of  Tacoma. 

Mrs.  Dodge  was  formerly  Miss  Lucy  Head- 
ding  Norton,  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
have  one  child,  Louis  Norton  Dodge,  who  wag 
born  in  1873.  He  is  now  attending  the  North- 
western University,  at  Evanston,  Hlinois. 

Dr.  Dodge  is  a  member  of  Tacoma  Lodge 
No.  22,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  Custer 
Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Tacoma;  A.  O.  U.  W.  No.  32, 
Tacoma;  and  Pierce  connty  Medical  Society. 


1A.  WOLD,  the  founder  of  the  town  of  Li- 
glewood,  Washington,  has  for  several  years 
-i  been  connected  with  various  interests  in 
King  county.  A  brief  sketch  of  his  life  is  here- 
with given. 

1.  A.  Wold  was  born  in  Norway,  November 
27,  1841,  son  of  Andrew  and  Barbara  (Delath- 
niit)  Wold.  He  came  to  America  in  1864, 
landing  in  Quebec  in  June.  Shortly  afterward 
he  went  to  Chicago,  whence  he  directed  his 
course  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  spent  one 
year.  He  then  came  to  Seattle,  Washington, 
arriving  here  in  June,  1866.  He  opened  a  shoe 
establishment  on  Commercial  street,  and  some 
time  later  removed  to  Yesler  avenue,  where  he 
did  an  extensive  business,  furnishing  shoe  sup- 
plies to  smaller  dealers  throughout  the  Sound 
country. 

Mr.  Wold,  in  company  with  his  two  brothers, 
Peter  and  L.  A.  Wold,  and  with  J.  J.  Jones, 
bought  160  acres  of  land  in  the  Squak  valley, 
for  which  they  paid  |5,000.  This  was  in  1867. 
In  1868  they  planted  half  an  acre  in  hops,  pur- 
chasing the  required  two  thousand  plants  from 
Ezra  Meeker,  of  Puyallup.  These  were  the 
first  hops  ever  raised  in  King  county.  From 
time  to  time  they  have  planted  more  until  now 


they  have  fifty  acres  in  hops,  hi  1891  they 
built  a  hop  house.  L.  A.  Wold  had  been  man- 
aging the  place  for  the  company,  and  it  was  not 
until  the  spring  of  1868  that  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  came  here.  Shortly  afterward  he  took 
rip  a  claim  where  the  town  of  Oilman  now 
stands,  his  claim  comprising  160  acres.  He 
got  title  to  this  tract  of  land  under  the  pre- 
emption law.  It  was  not,  however,  until  five 
years  later  that  he  secured  his  title.  After 
securing  his  title  he  returned  to  the  hop  ranch, 
where  he  lived  until  1887.  That  year  the  rail- 
road was  built  into  Oilman,  and  the  following 
year  the  first  coal  was  shipped  from  the  mines 
of  this  place.  In  1887  Mr.  Wold  returned  to 
his  pre-emption  claim,  and  in  the  fall  of  1888 
platted  the  town  of  Inglewood,  the  town  site 
covering  forty  acres.  The  mines  known  as  the 
Oilman  mines  were  named  in  honor  of  a  Seattle 
capitalist,  and  by  general  consent  the  town  is 
now  known  by  the  same  name.  The  post  office 
has  still  another  name,  Onley,  there  being  already 
a  post  office  by  the  name  of  Oilman  in  this 
State. 

Mr.  Wold  was  married  January  1,  1893,  to 
Amelia  Walter,  a  native  of  Denmark. 

— ^^€(i:i)^-^ — 

ALTER  U.  SMITH  is  of  the  firm  of 
R.  B.  Smith  &  Son,  originally  consist- 
ing of  his  father  and  himself,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  general  grocery  business  in  Taco- 
ma. The  business  was  organized  and  started  in 
1890,  soon  after  the  arrival  of  his  father,-  R.  B. 
Smith,  who  was  a  native  of  Illinois.  His 
mother  was  a  Miss  Lawrence,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
He  has  one  brother,  William  A.  Smith,  and  one 
sister,  Elizabeth  V.  Smith. 

In  September,  1892,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
succeeded  the  old  firm  of  R.  B.  Smith  &  Son 
in  business,  and  now  conducts  it  alone.  He 
was  born  in  Sangamon  county,  Illinois,  on  the 
17th  day  of  July,  1869.  He  spent  his  early 
years  on  a  farm,  and  received  his  education  at 
the  country  schools.  In  1886  he  went  to  Har- 
vard, Nebraska,  and  there  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business,  remaining  two  years,  when  he  went  to 
Topeka,  Kansas.  After  a  stay  of  seven  or  eight 
months  there,  he  located  in  Nevada,  Missouri, 
where  he  worked  in  a  tobacco  manufactory  for 
his  uncle.  In  the  spring  of  1888  he  came  to 
Tacoma.     He  first  secured   work  with  the  car 


774 


IITHTORY    OV    WASHllfOTON. 


company,  tlieii  with  llie  ice  company,  finally 
going  in  tlie  grocery  business  witli  his  father, 
and  afterward  succeeding  to  the  entire  business. 
Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
Tacoma  Lodge,  No.  32.  He  is  a  Republican 
politically. 


iLIVER  C.  SHOKEV,  one  of  the  re- 
spected pioneers  of  Washington,  was 
born  in  Litchfield,  Maine,  July  19,1831. 
His  American  ancestors  were  among  tlie  early 
settlers  of  that  State,  and  were  agriculturists. 

Our  subject,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  town, 
spending  his  summers  in  farm  duties  and  his 
winters  at  school.  At  the  age  of  twenty  years 
he  prepared  for  self-support  by  going  to  Lowell, 
Massachusetts,  and  learning  the  trade  of  cabinet- 
maker. By  the  fall  of  1853  he  had  completed 
his  apprenticeship,  and  he  then  went  to  Califor- 
nia, by  way  of  New  York  and  the  isthmus,  ar- 
riving at  San  Francisco  December  10.  Spend- 
ing the  winter  in  the  city  in  a  varied  occupation, 
he  went  the  next  June  to  the  mines  of  Calaveras 
county,  where  his  experiences  were  marked  with 
the  usual  vicissitudes  of  all  miners.  In  1858 
he  started  for  the  center  of  the  scene  of  the 
Fraser  river  gold  excitement,  going  by  water  to 
Victoria,  British  Columbia,  but  at  the  latter 
place  he  had  to  wait  for  the  high  waters  to  sub- 
side, during  which  interval  prospectors  began 
returning  who  pronounced  the  mines  overesti- 
mated. Mr.  Shorey  then  changed  his  plans  and 
came  down  the  Sound  to  Steilacoom,  which  at 
that  date  was  the  chief  town  on  the  Sound.  At 
this  place  he  engaged  in  carpentry,  and  later 
opened  a  shop  for  cabinet-work.  Entering  into 
partnership  with  A.  P.  De  Lin,  now  of  Port- 
laud,  he  conducted  the  leading  business  of  the 
town  iti  honse-bnililing.  He  was  Justice  of  the 
Peace  also  in  1859-'60.  During  the  year  of 
1861  he  secured  the  contract  for  making  desks, 
furniture,  etc.,  for  tlie  Territorial  University  at 
Seattle,  and  consequently  he  removed  to  that 
place,  where  lie  has  since  resided.  After  com- 
pleting the  contract  the  partnership  was  dis- 
solved. Mr.  Shorey  then  opened  a  store  for  the 
sale  of  furniture,  wholesale  and  retail,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Russell  &  Shorey,  which  was  the 
first  store  of  its  kind  in  Seattle.  This  partner- 
ship was  dissolved  in  1872,  Mr.  Shorey  retiring. 


From  1864  to  1872  Mr.  Shorey  was  Ti-easurer 
of  King  county,  elected  by  the  Republican  party, 
and  served  eight  years.  In  1874  he  returned  to 
Lowell,  Massachusetts,  and  engaged  in  business 
with  his  brother  John  for  two  years.  In  1876 
he  returned  to  Seattle,  and  entered  the  under- 
taking business,  in  which  Mr.  L.  W.  Bonney 
subsequently  bought  an  interest,  the  firm  name 
becoming  O.  C.  Shorey  &  Co.  This  relation 
continued  until  the  spring  of  1889,  when  our 
subject  sold  out  and  retired  from  business. 

In  1865  he  erected  his  house  on  the  corner  of 
Third  and  Columbia  streets,  cutting  a  road 
through  the  woods  for  the  delivery  of  the  lum- 
ber and  material.  There  he  resided  until  the 
tire  of  1889,  after  which  he  erected  the  Shorey 
Block  upon  the  same  site.  He  built  his  present 
handsome  cottage  in  1891,  on  the  corner  of 
Thirteenth  and  Seneca  streets,  and  there,  sur- 
rounded by  every  comfort,  he  is  passing  the 
closing  years  of  life,  and  enjoying  the  friend- 
ship and  esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  acquaint- 
ances. 

He  was  married  in  Steilacoom  in  1860,  to 
Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Timothy  Boimey, 
who  died  in  1852,  of  cholera,  upon  the  plains, 
his  family  continuing  their  journey  on  to  Ore- 
gon. Mr.  Shorey  has  two  children:  Leilla  S., 
wife  of  Dr.  E.  C.  Kil bourne,  and  George  B. 
Mr.  Shorey  has  received  both  the  York  and 
Scottish  rites  of  Freemasonry,  and  has  held  re- 
sponsible positions  in  the  Masonic  order.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  A.  O. 
U.  W. 

f\l     G.   PROVINE    was    born    at    Vermont. 
/l\\    Fulton   county,   Illinois,   on    the   9lh   of 
jr%,   November,  1849.    His  parents  were  Will- 
-fj  iam  and  Pauline  (Scott)  E^rovine,  the  for- 

mer a  native  of  Ohio,  the  latter  of  Jventucky. 
They  are  both  living  now  in  Fulton  county,  Illi- 
nois, his  father  being  a  miller  and  having  fol- 
lowed that  business  all  his  life. 

Mr.  Provine  was  brought  up  in  his  native 
town,  and  was  educated  there.  When  fourteen 
years  old  he  learned  the  trade  of  tinner  with  the 
hardware  firm  of  E.  E.  Dilworth,  with  whom  he 
remained  four  years.  In  1878  he  went  to  Bur- 
ton, Kansas,  and  followed  the  hardware  business 
there  for  about  three  years,  and  afterward  in 
Hutchinson.     In  1890  he  came  to  Washington 


LTl  STORY    OF    WASIITNOTon. 


775 


and  located  iu  Pujalhip.  On  reaching  here  he 
engaged  as  salesman  with  the  hardware  house 
of  J.  li.  Spencer,  with  whom  he  remained  until 
the  Puyallup  Hardware  Company  was  formed, 
shortly  after  which  he  became  its  vice-president. 
He  soon  afterward  began  giving  his  attention  to 
the  invention  of  a  machine  for  "spraying"  liops, 
and  succeeded  in  securing  patents  on  tlie  same 
in  March,  1893.  lie  called  his  invention  the 
Puyallup  Hop  Sprayei',  and  it  has  received  the 
favorable  attention  of  the  leading  hop  raisers  of 
this  and  other  sections. 

Mr.  Provine  was  married  in  Kansas,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1881,  to  Miss  S.  A.  Frayne,  a  native  of 
Kentucky.  They  had  four  children:  Alice  F., 
Louis,  Nellie  and  Albert  Russell. 

Mr.  Provine  is  vice-president  of  the  Puyallup 
Hardware  Company,  and  a  member  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  AY.,  No.  103,  Hurton,  Kansas,  of  which  he 
was  a  charter  member. 


d  JAMES  A.  SMITH,  the  present  (1892)  As- 
sessor of  Thurston  county,  AVashingtori, 
~-^  was  born  in  McHenry  county,  Illinois,  in 
1846.  His  parents,  Ephraim  J.  and  Helen 
(Acker)  Smith,  were  natives  of  Vermont  and 
New  York,  respectively.  In  1844  they  emi- 
grated to  Illinois,  Chicago  then  being  a  small 
town  and  the  State  thinly  settled.  His  father 
followed  farming  until  1849,  when  he  removed 
to  Wausau,  Wisconsin,  and  turned  his  attention 
to  lumbering  interests,  which  he  continued 
through  life.  He  served  his  country  as  a  sol- 
dier in  the  war  of  1812,  beirig  with  General 
Scott  at  the  battle  of  Lundy's  Lane  and  also  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  Black  Rock. 

James  A.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Wausau  and  at  that  place  learned  the  trade 
of  carpenter.  In  1804,  though  but  eighteen 
years  of  age,  he  enlisted  iu  Company  D,  Fifth 
Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  in 
the  Sixth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac.  His 
company  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Petersburg, 
and,  in  the  spring  of  1865,  was  at  Sailer  Creek 
while  pursuing  Lee's  army,  and  was  present  at 
that  General's  surrender.  The  Sixth  Corps  was 
then  sent  to  Danville,  Virginia,  to  intercept 
Johnston's  retreat  to  that  place.  This  corps  then 
marched  to  Washington  and  after  the  grand 
review  was  discharged..  Mr.  Smith's  only  two 
living    brothers,   Curtis  N.   and    William    II., 


were  also  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  until  its 
close.  After  the  close  of  hostilities,  Mr.  Smith, 
of  this  notice,  returned  to  Wansan,  and  the  fol- 
lowing two  years  was  engaged  in  the  luml)ering 
business.  In  1868  he  removed  to  Monroe  county 
and  began  fanning. 

He  was  married  at  Tomah,  Monroe  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1871,  to  Miss  Alice  Ward,  a  na- 
tive of  that  State.  They  continued  to  reside 
there  until  1875,  when  they  emigrated  to  Cali- 
fornia. After  a  few  months'  sojourn  in  the 
(bililen  State,  they  came  north  to  Washington, 
locating  at  (_)lympia,  where  Mr.  Smith  engaged 
in  logging.  In  1876  they  moved  to  Tenino,  he 
tinding  employment  here  at  the  carpenter's 
trade.  In  1878  he  was  deeply  afflicted  by  the 
death  of  his  wife,  who  left  him  with  four  little 
children,  Mary,  Guy,  Nellie  and  Harry,  the 
oldest  eight  years,  and  the  youngest  eighteen 
months  old.  After  the  death  of  his  wife  Mr. 
Smith  located  a  homestead  near  Tenino,  and  by 
persevering  industry  cleared  and  cultivated  his 
land,  and  reared  his  little  family.  He  is  still 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  stock- 
raising. 

In  1890  Mr.  Smith  was  elected  Assessor  of 
Thurston  county  i)y  the  Republican  party,  and 
has  proved  an  efficient  officer.  Socially,  he 
affiliates  with  the  A.  O.  IT.  W.,  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
G.  A.  R. 


[[  R.  R.  D.  ROSS  is  of  the  firm  of  Ross  & 
Papst,  marine  engineers  and  machinists, 
who  are  the  only  firm  in  Tacoma  doing 
marine  work  exclusively.  They  began 
business  in  the  latter  part  of  1889  in  Quarter- 
master Harl)or  and  after  two  or  three  months 
there,  removed  to  their  present  location.  Their 
work  is  confined  to  vessels  that  come  to  this 
port  and  they  do  most  of  the  work  of  the 
steamers  also. 

Mr.  Ross,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  on  November  22, 1860,  his  par- 
ents being  Z.  D.  and  Laura  (['essant)  Ross.  He 
received  his  education  there  and  served  his  ap- 
prenticeship with  the  mining  and  stationary  en- 
gineering firm  of  HofE,  Eon  tain  &  Abbott,  with 
whom  he  learned  the  trade  of  stationary  en- 
gineer. After  becoming  proficient  in  his  trade 
with  them  he  went  with  William  Cramp  &  Sons 
and  worked  with  that  firm  as  marine  machinist 


BtSTOBY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


eiohteeu  mouths.  Leaving  damp  &  Sons  he 
followed  this  profession  of  marine  engineer  and 
machinist  throughout  eastern  Ontario  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  later  on  the  lakes,  coming  to  the 
coast  directly  from  Minneapolis,  where  he  had 
been  connected  with  the  Minneapolis,  Glendale 
ct  Minnetonka  Motor  Company  for  two  and  one- 
half  years,  the  latter  part  of  which  time  he  was 
in' charge  of  the  shops.  He  reached  the  coast 
in  1889  and  in  two  or  three  months  started  in 
business  for  himself.  Mr.  Ross  is  a  member  of 
Ark  Lodge,  No.  176,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons 
of  Minneapolis. 

— ^€fi"ii*-^-' 

1|()HN  HELMOLD  is  a  well-to-do  farmer, 
i^  J  residing  near  Pnyallup.  His  success  is 
^^  due  to  the  combined  influence  of  his  native 
German  endurance  and  American  push  and 
energy.  He  was  boi'n  0)i  May  24,  1853,  in  the 
province  of  Hanover,  Germany.  His  parents 
were  Gustav  and  Mary  (Bohmann)  Helmold. 
He  was  reared  in  Hanover  and  attended  school 
until  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
work  to  make  his  own  livelihood.  In  1879,  he 
came  to  America  from  Hamburg  on  a  steamer, 
landing  at  New  York.  He  remained  there  only 
a  few  days  and  went  to  Minnesota,  where  he 
worked  for  nearly  three  years,  and  in  1880  came 
to  Washington.  After  his  arrival  he  worked 
for  a  short  while  as  a  teamster  and,  in  1883, 
bought  the  place  where  he  now  resides.  This 
property  he  has  developed  from  rough,  un- 
cleared land  into  a  valuable  farm,  upon  which 
he  raises  fruits  and  grain  in  abundance.  He 
also  has  about  twenty  acres  in  hops. 

Mr.  Helmold  was  married  on  July  27,  1887, 
to  Miss  Anna  Babler,  a  native  of  Canton,  Swit- 
zerland. They  have  three  children,  namely: 
John,  Otto  and  Mary. 


QABRIEL  McBRIDE,  a  prosperous  farmer 
'  residing  in  Clarke  county,  was  born  in 
Indiana,  October  18,  1838,  and  brought 
-^  up  and  educated  in  his  native  State.  His 
parents,  John  and  Elizabeth  (Johnson)  McBride, 
had  six  children,  of  whom  Gabriel  is  the  second 
in  order  of  birth.  The  father  was  born  in  Ire- 
land in  1811,  and   brought  to  America  when 


eight  years  of  age.  In  his  youth  he  served 
an  apprenticeship  at  the  cabinet-maker's  trade, 
whicli  occupation  he  followed  for  many  years. 
His  death  occurred  in  1863.  His  wife  was  born 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  descending  from  one 
of  the  early  and  influential  families  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  she  died  in  1854. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  brought  up  a 
farmer.  September  5,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the 
Thirty-first  Regiment  of  Indiana  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  after  serving  one  year  was  trans- 
ferred as  a  musician  to  the  Fifty-fourth  Infan- 
try, in  which  regiment  he  completed  his  term 
of  service,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Fort 
Donelson,  Shiloh,  Chickasaw  Bluff,  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  etc. 

He  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  after  a  few 
months'  residence  in  Portland,  Oregon,  settled 
at  his  present  place  of  residence,  twenty-five 
miles  north  of  the  city  of  Vancouver.  Here  he 
has  180  acres  of  good  land,  forty  of  whicii  are 
in  a  state  of  good  cultivation.  Four  acres  ai-e 
in  orchard,  of  which  one  acre  is  in  prunes. 
Mr.  McBride  makes  a  specialty  of  raising  live- 
stock, principally  cattle.  Besides  meadow,  his 
place  embraces  a  beautiful  section  of  timber  of 
some  eighty  acres. 

He  is  School  Director  of  District  No.  22,  is 
a  stanch  Republican,  and  a  member  of  Grange 
No.  5,  P.  of  H. 

His  family  comprises  a  wife  and  four  chil- 
dren: Oscar,  Julia,  Ida  and  Bertie.  One  daugh- 
ter, Josephine,  died  September  18,  1890.  Mrs. 
McBride,  whose  maiden  name  was  Virginia 
Gowin,  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  She  was 
appointed  Postmistress  of  Hopewell  about  two 
years  ago.  The  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mc- 
Bride took  place  in  Illinois,  March  7,  1867. 

D\OUGLASS  W.  COLLINS  is  prominently 
j  identified  with  the  agricultural  interests 
— -  of  Klickitat  county,  and  is  worthy  of 
representation  in  this  volume.  He  was  born  in 
Warren  county,  Missouri,  November  5,  1838,  a 
son  of  Smith  and  Eliza  E.  (Wyatt)  Collins, 
natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky  respectively. 
The  paternal  grandfather,  George  Collins,  re- 
moved to  Missouri  in  early  days  and  settled  in 
Warren  county;  his  son  Smith  was  a  tanner  and 
currier  by  trade,  and  pursued  this  avocation 
through  life.     He  crossed  the  plains  as  early  as 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


1846,  and  located  in  Polk  county,  Oregon,  where 
he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  death 
occurred  in  1869,  his  wife  surviving  until  1873. 
Douglass  W.  is  the  tifth  of  their  twelve  chil- 
dren. He  continued  a  member  of  the  house- 
hold until  1859,  when  he  was  married  and  be- 
gan farming  on  his  own  account. 

He  removed  in  1870  to  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  and  resided  there  four  years;  re- 
turning at  the  end  of  this  period  to  Polk  county, 
he  made  his  home  there  until  1882,  when  he 
came  to  Klickitat  county,  locating  at  Oak  Flat. 
Here  he  owns  a  farm  of  400  acres,  on  which  he 
resided  until  the  removal  of  his  family  to  Gold- 
endale,  when  he  engaged  in  buying  and  .-'elling 
live-stock.  He  now  resides  four  mile.-  siuith  of 
the  town,  where  he  owns  a  choice  tract  of  440 
acres.  He  has  300  acres  under  cultivation,  all 
of  vvhicii  was  sown  to  grain  in  1893. 

Believing  that  through  a  new  organization 
the  needs  of  the  people  Avould  be  more  quickly 
heeded  by  the  Government,  Mr.  Collins  has 
identified  himself  with  the  People's  party,  and 
in  1892  was  the  candidate  for  Sheriff.  Two 
precincts  of  the  county,  however,  were  thrown 
out,  and  the  election  was  decided  against  him. 
He  has  also  been  prominently  connected  with 
educational  movements  in  the  county,  and  served 
as  School  Director  for  many  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

Our  worthy  subject  was  united  in  marriage. 
May  18,  1859,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Shaw,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of  John  Wheeler, 
a  pioneer  of  1858.  They  have  had  born  to 
them  a  family  of  ten  children,  three  of  whom 
died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are:  Smith  F., 
Arthur  J.,  Martha  A.  (wife  of  Philip  F.  Miller), 
Dora  J.,  David  C,  George  A.  and  Pearl  B. 


^-\-^ 


T|0SEPH  B.  HIGDON,  who  has  been  a 
^11  resident  of  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
^^  since  1876,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ten- 
nessee, born  in  Giles  county,  April  18,  1837. 
His  parents,  James  and  Ellen  (Whiteneck)  Hig- 
don,  were  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Vir- 
ginia, resj)ectively;  both  are  now  deceased. 
Joseph  B.  is  the  third  of  a  family  of  five  chil- 
dren. As  early  as  1840  the  family  yielded  to 
the  pressure  of  wei-tern  emigration,  and  joined 
a  traip  whose  destination  was  western  Missouri; 


after  a  period  of  seven  years  they  moved  to 
Union  county,  Indiana,  and  thence  to  Coffey 
county,  Kansas,  in  1859. 

It  was  not  until  the  centennial  yeai's  of  the 
independence  of  our  Republic,  that  Mr.  Higdon 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast.  He  located  in  Clarke 
county,  and  now  owns  a  choice  farm  ten  miles 
northeast  of  Vancouver,  here  he  has  a  fine  tract 
of  280  acres,  200  of  which  yield  abundant  har- 
vests of  hay  and  aflford  pastui'e  land  for  cattle. 
Mr.  Higdon  is  the  proprietor  of  a  large  and 
thriving  dairy  business,  now  under  the  manage- 
ment of  G.  W.  Robertson;  the  milk  from  thirty- 
four  cows  is  made  into  butter^  which  fiuds'a 
ready  market  in  Portland. 

As  a  member  of  the  School  Board  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  Mr.  Higdon  was  enabled  to  give 
vigorous  support  to  educational  movements,  and 
assisted  in  the  elevation  of  the  standard  in  this 
county. 

October  1,  1857,  he  was  married  in  Indiana, 
to  Miss  Eliza  A.  Miller,  a  Virginian  by  birth. 
Of  this  union  ten  children  have  lieen  born: 
Cynthia,  John  B.,  Jane  W.,  Annie  M.,  Martha 
II.,  Alexander  H.,  Etta  C,  Charles  T.,  Joseph 
C.  and  Nellie  E. 


\\  111  IJaLTER  C.  NEVIL  is  one  of  the  old 
vlui  '^"'"^  '^is'^^y  respected  pioneers  of  Lewis 
*1  "l  county,  and  well  worthy  the  space  that 
has  been  accorded  him  in  this  volume.  He  has 
been  a  resident  of  this  section  during  two  dec- 
ades, and  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  fur- 
thering the  development  of  both  county  and 
State.  He  can  also  claim  the  proud  distinction 
of  being  one  of  California's  early  settlers,  hav- 
ing crossed  the  plains  with  the  gold-seekers  in 
1850.  He  engaged  in  mining  at  Georgetown, 
El  Dorado  county,  and  was  very  successful,  not 
only  in  this  occupation,  but  also  in  teaming  and 
packing,  which  he  carried  on  extensively  in  El 
Dorado  and  Amidor  counties.  In  1859  he  went 
to  Oregon  and  located  at  Eugene  City,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  lumbering  for  a  period  often 
years;  therice  he  removed  to  the  Sound,  and  for 
three  years  carried  on  an  extensive  trade  in  lum- 
ber near  Olympia. 

In  1872  he  came  to  Winlock.  his  present 
home,  and  the  three  years  following  conducted 
a  sawmill  at  Napavine.  lie  then  purchased 
land,  and   turned   his  attention  to  agriculture. 


in  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Retiring  from  active  pursuits  in  1887,  he  made 
a  trip  to  California,  visiting  the  haunts  of  the 
early  '50s;,  and  living  over  again  in  memory 
many  an  interesting  incident  and  thrilling  ad- 
venture. He  still  owns  his  farm,  which  is  a  de- 
sirable tract  of  162  acres,  located  one  and  a  half 
miles  east  of  Winlock;  one  half  the  land  is 
under  cultivation.  Mr.  Nevil  also  owns  a  part 
of  a  tract  of  eighty-two  acres  north  of  Witdock. 
Going  back  to  the  early  history  of  our  sub- 
ject, it  may  be  stated  that  he  was  a  native  of 
Missouri,  born  in  Pike  county,  ilarcli  10, 1833. 
His  father,  Samuel  E.  Nevil,  was  a  native  ot 
Virginia,  and  removed  from  that  State  to  Mis- 
souri in  1831,  facing  the  dangers  and  privations 
of  life  on  the  frontier;  he  married  Charlotte 
Boone,  a  descendant  of  Daniel  Boone,  and  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio;  to  them-  were  born  .seven  children 
of  whom  Walter  C.  is  the  eldest.  He  is  a  man 
of  remarkable  vigor,  and  although  past  three 
score  years  he  lias  the  strength  that  many  a 
younger  man  might  envy. 

'  In  1862  Mr.  Nevil  was  married  in  ()iegon, 
to  Miss  Alice  Johns,  a  native  of  Illinois;  they 
are  the  parents  of  three  children:  John  H.;  Mary 
I).,  the  wife  of  G.  T.  O'Riley;  and  William  W. 


ril  NTON   HYLAK,  a  lumberman  and  inil- 
/[A\    ler  of  Lewis  county,  Washington,  i.s  one 
fr^  of  the  successful  men  of  the  county. 
■rj  He  was  born  in    Bohemia,   in  the   year 

1837,  lived  there  until  1867,  and  then  emi- 
grated to  America.  Here  he  established  his 
home  in  Linn  county,  Iowa,  and  resided  there 
seven  years.  He  then  moved  to  Washington 
and  took  up  his  abode  in  Lewis  county,  where 
for  the  past  eighteen  years  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business,  also  operating  a  mill. 

Mr.  Hylak  was  married  in  Bohemia  in  1862, 
to  Miss  Frances  Dabraza.  They  have  two  child- 
ren: Anna  and  Anton. 


!j  ULIEN  BERNIEE,  who  is  identilied  with 
)^J  the  agricultural  interests  of  Lewis  county, 
V?^  Washington,  and  who  is  a  native  of  this 
place,  was  born  in  the  year  1844.  His  parents, 
Marcel  and  Celie  Bernier,  was  also  natives  of 
this   coast,  his    father    born  in  Spokane  county. 


Washington,  in  1818,  and  his  mother  in  Oregon 
in  1823.  flis  father  died  in  Lewis  county,  this 
State,  1891,  and  his  mother  passed  away  at  the 
same  place  in  1892.  They  were  well  known 
among  the  pioneers  of  this  section  of  the  county 
and  were  held  in  high  esteem. 

Julien  Bernier  was  married  in  1866,  to  Miss 
Cells  Ganiett,  and  they  have  six  children  : 
Lucia,  Peter,  Maggie,  Frank,  Louisa  and 
Allie. 

Mr.  Bernier  Mas  reared  on  a  farm  and  has 
been   engaged    in    this   occupation    all    his  life. 


He 


one   of   the    representative  men  of    his 


vicinity,  he  and  his  family  being  among  its  best 
pf^ople. 


I[T|ON.    MARCIUS    D.   WOOD,    a    name 
lr=l     familiar  to  the  residents  of  Centralia,  is 
J     li    prominently   identified    with   the  growth 
•r/  and  prosperity  of  the  town.      Mr.  Wood 

has  resided  here  since  1888,  and  has  never 
failed  to  carry  forward  his  share  of  the  burden 
that  must  be  borne  in  the  onward  march  of 
civilization.  He  was  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  December  3,  1842,  a  son  of  Jehiel  and 
Polly  (Ferrin)  Wood,  who  were  also  natives  of 
New  York  State,  descended  from  good  New 
England  colonists.  William  Wood,  the  pater- 
nal grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  participating  in  the 
struggle  with  a  fervor  and  zeal  that  was  trans- 
mitted in  pariotic  sentiment  to  his  descendants 
of  the  present  generation.  Marcius  D.  Wood 
has  an  honorable  record  as  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  the  Rebellion,  one  that  would  do  credit  to 
his  worthy  grandsire.  He  is  the  eldest  of  a 
family  of  seven  children,  and  grew  to  manhood 
amid  the  scenes  of  his  birth.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen  years  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
Shetheld, Illinois,  where  he  served  an  apprentice- 
ship to  a  harness-maker  and  saddler,  and  has 
followed  this  trade  through  life. 

Responding  to  the  call  for  men  to  go  out  in 
defense  of  the  old  flag  he  enlisted  in  1861  as  a 
private  in  the  Si.xty-sixth  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  served  with  distinction  through  the 
entire  struggle;  he  participated  in  the  engage- 
ments at  Ft.  Donelson,  Pittsburg  Landing  and 
Corinth,  and  many  of  less  note;  he  was  with 
Sherman  on  his  memorable  march  to  the  sea, 
and  received  honorable  discharge  at  Springfield, 
Illinois,  in  1865.     Resuming  the  more  peaceful 


HISTORY    OF    WASIUNOrON. 


pursuit  of  harness-making  in  Edgar  county, 
Illinois,  lie  remained  there  three  years,  and  then 
went  back  to  Sheffield;  at  the  end  of  two 
years  he  visited  Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  returning 
to  Illinois  at  the  end  of  two  years.  Quincy, 
Michigan,  was  his  next  place  of  abode  and  tliere 
he  dwelt  eight  years.  The  tide  of  emigration 
being  westward  he  was  caught  in  the  flow,  and 
drifted  to  Bismarck,  Dakota;  here  he  made  his 
home  until  1888,  atid  in  that  year  came  to  this 
coast,  locating  in  Centralia.  He  established 
himself  in  business,  and  carries  a  well  selected 
stock  of  harness,  saddles,  whips,  robes  and  fine 
turf  goods.  He  draws  his  patronage  from  a 
wide  territory,  and  has  the  confidence  and  good 
will  of  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

He  has  served  three  terms  as  chairman  of  the 
board  of  town  trustees,  and  has  been  a  director 
of  the  Board  of  Trade.  He  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  1890,  and  is  discharging  the 
duties  of  this  office  with  an  impartial  judg- 
ment. As  a  stockholder  of  the  Brass  &  Iron 
Foundry  Company,  he  has  rendered  that  corpor- 
ation excellent  service;  he  owns  some  city  pro- 
perty and  a  large  body  of  timber-land.  He 
casts  his  suffrage  witli  the  Republican  party, 
and  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the 
issues  of  that  body.  He  is  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  T.  P.  Price  Post,  No.  50,  G.  A.  E., 
and  is  the  present  Adjutant  of  the  U.  S.  Grant 
Post;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Royal  Order 
of  Good  Fellows. 

In  1873  Mr.  Wood  was  married  to  Alice  A. 
Waleott,  a  native  of  New  York  State;  they  are 
the  parents  of  five  children:  Myra,  is  now  Mrs. 
Eubank  of  this  city;  Clarence,  Walter  A.,  Alger 
and  an  infant  daughter,  Florence  Ella. 


DiR.  GEORGE  V.  CALHOUN,  one  of 
the  pioneer  physicians  of  Washington 
— -  and  a  prominent  citizen  of  this  Slate,  was 
born  in  Albert  county.  New  Brunswick,  on 
October  19,  1837,  his  parents  being  John  and 
and  Mary  (Brewster)  Calhoun.  The  Calhoun 
family  is  of  Scotch  origion,  and  four  brothers, 
the  first  in  this  countiy,  came  from  the  North 
of  Ireland  to  America,  and  settled  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  separated,  one  of  them  locating  in 
Maryland  and  from  this  brother  our  subject  is 
descended.  His  grandfather  removed  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  there  his  father  was  born.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 


wick, whither  her  ancestors  had  removed  from 
New  England.  When  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  quite  young  his  father  died,  and  at  tile  age 
of  thirteen  he  went  to  Boston,  but  four  years 
later  returned  to  New  Brunswick,  where  he 
studied  with  Doctor  Rufus  Palmer  until  twenty 
years  old,  when  he  went  to  Europe  and  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Glasgow,  re- 
ceiving the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1862.  He  re- 
mained there  doing  hospital  work  for  two  years 
when  he  returned  to  the  United  States  and  went 
into  the  army  as  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  un- 
der General  Hancock.  He  served  in  the  field 
until  the  close  of  the  war  and  was  mustered  out 
in  June,  1865.  In  the  August  following  he 
came  out  to  the  Pacific  coast  by  the  Nicaragua 
route  and  lauded  at  San  Francisco.  He  took  a 
vessel  soon  after  arrival  there  and  went  to  Vic- 
toria, British  Columbia,  and  thence  to  Port 
Angeles,  AVashington.  During  the  next  year 
he  established  the  marine  hospital  at  Port 
Townsend  and  built  the  hospital  building  at 
that  place.  He  remained  in  charge  of  this  hos- 
pital and  of  the  first  marine  hospital  at  Port 
Angeles  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  Se- 
attle, believing  this  city  afforded  him  a  larger 
field  for  practice.  At  that  time  there  was  only 
one  other  physician  than  himself.  He  remained 
there  four  years.  Meanwhile  Dr.  Callioun  be- 
came interested  in  property  in  Skagit  county, 
near  La  Connoi',  and  there  made  his  home, 
which  he  now  retains.  He  has  not  practiced  for 
the  last  two  years,  except  in  consultations. 

He  was  married  June  9,  1863,  to  Miss  Ellen 
Mein,  a  native  of  Scotland  and  daughter  of 
William  and  Ellinor  Mein.  They  have  nine 
children:  William  M.,  born  in  Seattle  and  is 
now  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  B,  First 
Regiment;  Nellie;  Maggie,  wife  of  Prof.  James 
Shields,  of  Skagit  county;  Annie;  Alice;  Laura; 
Grant  and  Scott,  now  sophomores  in  the  Stan- 
ford University;  and  Artliur. 

Dr.  Calhoun  is  a  member  of  the  State  Medi- 
cal Society  and  of  the  Local  Society  and  Ex- 
President  of  the  State  Medical  Examining 
Board.  He  is  a  Republican  politically  and  has 
been  a  delegate  to  all  of  the  conventions  with- 
but  one  or  to  exceptions  for  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. In  1870  he  was  a  member  of  the  Senate 
and  was  President  of  the  Board  of  University 
Regents  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  named 
World's  Fair  Commissioner  by  the  act  of  Legis- 
lature in  1891,  and  is  now  Executive  Com- 
missioner. 


HISTORY    OF     WASIirNGTON. 


Dr.  Calhoun  is  one  of  the  oldest  practitioners 
in  the  Pacific  northwest,  having  practiced  all 
the  way  from  Cape  Flattery  to  the  British  line, 
and  there  is  no  settlement  on  the  Puget  Sound 
in  which  he  has  not  ministered  to  the  sick.  - 


— ^€@"i)»-^ — 

CHARLES  GLOOKLEK  is  a  native  of 
Germany  and  was  born  at  Carls-Paden 
on  March  1,  1834.  His  parents  were 
Ferdinand  and  Mary  Glockler,  the  former  be- 
ing a  gun  maker.  Until  fourteen  years  old 
Charles  remained  in  his  native  place,  finally 
leaving  school  to  learn  his  father's  trade  of  gun- 
making,  which  he  followed  for  three  years.  In 
1851  he  emigrated  to  America,  landing  in  New 
York,  where  he  remained  live  years,  working  at 
his  trade.  In  1855  he  went  to  California  via 
Cape  Horn  making  the  trip  on  the  ship  ''Camir 
J^ove."  After  an  eight  months'  voyage  lie  ar- 
rived at  San  Francisco  March  4,  1856.  He 
joined  his  brother-in-law,  Simon  H.  Lullner,  in 
Yolo  county,  where  he  remained  until  1871. 
He  then  went  to  Peru,  South  America.  He 
stayed  there  only  one  year  when  he  returned 
and  located  at  Port  Townsend,  Washington,  and 
went  thence  to  Seattle,  finally  going  to  Port 
Ludlow,  where  he  remained  only  se\eu  months 
and  went  to  Port  Seabech,  where  he  stayed  two 
years,  working  in  a  mill.  Thence  he  went  to 
Dock  river  and  worked  there  two  years  in  tlie 
coal  mines,  finally  going  to  Tacoma  in  1878, 
where  he  worked  for  tlie  Northern  Pacific  Kail- 
road.  He  followed  the  building  and  contract- 
ing business  till  1888  and  since  that  time  has 
followed  at  intervals  his  trade. 

Mr.  Glockler  was  married  in  October  1869 
in  California,  to  Miss  Theresa  Wagner,  a  na- 
tive of  Germany.  They  have  five  children,  viz: 
Juanita,  Alfred,  Louisa,  Edward  and  Carl. 


TD.  SNODGPtASS,  one  of  the  large  land- 
owners of  Klickitat  county,  has  been 
more  than  ordinarily  successful  as  an 
agriculturist,  and  is  worthy  of  extended 
notice  in  this  connection.  He  is  a  native  of 
West  Virginia,  born  September  6,  1855,  a  son 
of  Nathan  and  Rhoda  (Anuiss)  Snodgrass.  His 
parents  removed  from  Virginia  to  Illinois,  and 


settled  in  Edgar  county,  where  they  resided  a 
few  years,  going  thence  to  Leavenworth  county, 
Kansas.  Our  subject  is  one  of  a  family  of  two 
children.  In  1874  he  determined  to  seek  his 
fortunes  in  the  Golden  State,  and  so  came  to 
California,  settling  in  Yolo  county;  there  he 
remained  for  a  period  of  two  years,  and  then 
went  to  Sonoma  county,  in  the  same  State. 
After  a  few  months  he  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  near  Sacramento  city,  and  continued  in 
this  vocation  until  1880. 

In  the  year  just  mentioned  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  located  in  Klickitat  county,  where 
he  owns  a  valuable  tract  of  land  containing  720 
acres,  situated  seven  miles  southeast  of  Golden- 
dale.  Four  hundred  acres  are  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  produce  bountiful  crops  of  grain.  Mr. 
Snodgrass  manages  his  vast  farming  interests 
with  keen  intelligence,  and  rotates  his  crops  so 
as  to  gain  the  best  results.  His  ideas  are  not, 
however,  bound  by  his  fields;  he  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  support  of  the  public  school  sys- 
tem, and  for  several  years  has  served  as  Direc- 
tor of  school  distiict  No.  12.  Heattiliates  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.  of  Goldendale. 

While  a  resident  of  California,  on  September 
3,  1877,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Pearl  Griffith,  a  native  of  the  Golden  State. 
They  have  a  family  of  six  children:  George  M., 
Wesley,  John  R.,  Thomas  D.,  Elfie  L.  and 
Lucy. 

Relieving  the  days  of  usefulness  have  passed 
from  the  old  political  parties,  Mr.  Snodgrass 
has  identified  himself  with  the  People's  party, 
hoping   much  for  the  future. 


L.  ANDERSON,  one  of  the 


prosperous 


//_A\    husbandmen  of  Klickitat  county,  belongs 
1/    |\   to  that  great  body  of  foreign- born  popu- 
V  lation  without  whom   the  industrial  and 

natural  resources  of  the  United  States  would 
yet  be  in  their  infancy.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
kingdom  of  Sweden,  born  November  10,  1845. 
His  parents,  Peter  A.  and  Christina  (Erickson) 
Anderson,  were  natives  of  the  same  country, 
but  are  now  deceased;  they  reared  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  our  subject  being  the  eighth 
in  order  of  birth.  When  he  was  a  lad  of  four- 
teen years  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the 
tailor's  trade  which  he  followed  many  years. 
The  reports  of  the  great  advantages  offered  to 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


all  citizens  of  the  Frvited  St.i 


■  a  tive     flia 

.M,  thel.o!i. 

dersoii  set  sji'i 

arrival  encirj  ■ 

m:ii-  ■ 


!i.-  iii'S  of 
\  riiilivity. 
New  York 
work  at  Li 


1'  iie  pushed 

H!i>ll     lioillij 

■•    f..ll<.we(l  his 
: '   '  Hid  tiien  entered 

^:  • ;  >'i  !i  :!ic  Railroad  Coin- 

It  was  not  until  1872  that  he  located    • 


cereals:  ■' 
east  of  (i^ 

most  depii.ibie  farm^  :..  tlui  lucaiilj. 
Mr.  Anderson  is  a  pi:pnounced    i' 


Alliance. 


^'.,  t)livi^  i-:.,  liiidolph  A.,  Mabel  >. 
U.:  five    children    art?   d«-eei»»«H' 

tl,.«^..    .i:;n;rhters. 


H 


haij  provi 
term  «>. 


Kfr^HARD    '»«!P0RX 


the  higher  . 
Inevenient.  n, 


ihi  privaii.  iid  tiiat  ■  , 

up  lor  consideration  in  a  work  touching  upon 
the  general  and  biographical  history  of  the 
favored  CiUimunwealth   with  whose  interests  he 


3ely  identified,  is  not  alone  consistent, 

istice,  practically  imperative. 

Riciiard   Osborn,   Judge  of   the  Civil 

M)t    of    tile    Superior    Court  of    King 

Washington,    was    born    in    McLean 

Illinois,    December    25,    1845.     His 

al!ini>;ford    Osijorn,  a  native  of   Ohio, 

Illinois   in    boyhood,  and   was   there 

farm  life.      He  married  Miss  Nancy 

■  wn,  a  native   of  Tennessee,  and    after 

:  continued  his  agricultural  pursuits  in 

itil  1850,  when  lie  removed  to  Harri- 

y,  Missouri,  and   purchased   a  tract  of 

nt  land,  for  which  he  paid  $1.25  per 

■hard  Osborn  was  in  no  sense  cradled 

hard  work  and  strict  economy  being 

influences  of  his  early  life.     Up  to 

year  lie  attended  the  district  schools 

1    county.     After  that  education  be- 

ndary    to   farm    labor,  and    his   only 

V  for   consecutive   study   was   during 

months,  when    it  was  too   cold   and 

vork  out  of  doors.     In  1856  he  re- 

.1  his  pareuts  to  Missouri,  where  he 

■■■■"'i  a  due  quota  of  the  cares  and  hard- 

'    iiioneer   life,  giving  cheerfully  of   his 

igth  in  the  reclaiming  of  the  farm, 

lot  needed  at  home  working  out  at 

lonth  and  lioard,  thus  lending  to  the 

.J  _  ■■    the  family.     The  first  two  3'ears  the 

umily  were  in  Missouri  there  were  no  schools 

lear  them,  but  finally  a  district  was  formed  and 

':-  ■•■'  -.nse   hnilt  on  land  presented    by  Mr. 

Ithougli  deprived  of  school  facilities, 

1    not  been  neglectful  of  education. 

ed  liooks  he  had  prosecuted  a  silent 

lading    and    study,  and    when    the 

pened   he  attended  during  the  win- 


lireaking   out  of    the    Civil    war, 

a   mere    lad,    Richard    joined    the 

enlisting  in  Company  1),  Twenty- 

nt  of  IMissouri  Volunteers.     Dur- 

.1  of  his  military  service — extend- 

3e  years — he  participated   in  some 

t-fought   battles  of  the  West  and 

lie    started  with   Sherman  on   his 

larcli  to  the  sea,  but   in  an  action 

a   in   August,  1864,  was  severely 

e  was    sent    to   the  field    hospital, 

successively    to    Chattanooga    and 

JS'ot   being  able  to  again  engage  in 

ce   he    was   mustered   out   in   1864, 

debilitated,  returned  to  his  home  in 


Xas 

iville 

actix 

e  sei 

and, 

muc 

HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Missouri,  where  he  resumed  the  studies  wliich 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  liad  interrupted. 

In  the  spring  of  1865,  owing  to  the  unset- 
tled condition  of  the  country,  the  family  re- 
moved to  Davis  county,  Iowa,  and  there  con- 
tinued in  agi-iculturai  pursuits.  Having  not 
sufficiently  recovered  from  his  wound  Richard 
was  unable  to  engage  in  manual  labor,  and 
finally  determined  to  teach  school.  After  pa.^ 
ing  his  examination  and  securing  a  first- 
certificate  he  found  ready  employment.  Hav- 
ing pupils  much  older  than  himself,  young 
Osborn  was  compelled  to  devote  himself  assid- 
uously to  study  in  order  to  keep  ahead  of  his 
classes,  and  thus,  by  persistent  labor,  he  received 
as  well  as  imparted  knowledge.  In  the  fall  of 
1865  he  entered  Oskaloosa  College,  in  which 
institution  he  remained  a  student  for  two  terms, 
when  his  financial  resources  became  exhausted. 
He  then  returned  to  Illinois,  having  resolved  to 
secure  an  education  and  to  fit  himself  for  some 
higher  calling  tlian  that  of  humdrum  work  on 
the  farm.  By  teaching  school  during  the  win- 
ter months  and  spending  his  vacations  in  work 
on  the  farm  he  secured  sufficient  funds  to  cover 
the  expense  of  a  course  of  study  at  the  State 
Normal  University,  where,  with  great  zeal  and 
devotion,  he  jmrsued  the  higher  branches,  con- 
tinuing his  teaching  up  to  the  summer  of  1870, 
his  last  position  being  that  of  principal  and 
superintendent  of  the  graded  schools  at  White- 
hall, Illinois.  He  was  then  elected  Sheriff  of 
McLean  county  and  served  one  terra. 

While  discharging  the  duties  of  the  office  of 
SlieriflP  Mr.  Osborn  engaged  in  the  study  of 
law,  which  he  continued  at  Bloomington  in  the 
office  of  McNulta,  Kerrick  &  Aldrich,  later  en- 
tering the  law  department  of  the  Wesleyan 
University.  In  January,  1875,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois, 
and  the  following  June  graduated  at  the  uni- 
versity with  the  degree  of  13.  L.  He  then  en- 
tered into  active  practice  in  Bloomington,  where 
he  continued  very  successfully  until  August, 
1881.  At  that  time  he  removed  to  Seattle, 
which  was  then  a  small  city  of  about  d,500 
population.  Here  he  at  once  inaugurated  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  his  thorough 
knowledge  and  ability  soon  brought  him  to  the 
front.  He  was  City  Attorney  in  1888-'84,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1888  was  elected  Probate  Judge. 
Having  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  educa- 
tion, and  being  eminently  fitted  for  the  posi- 
tion, he  was   appointed    by  Governor  Ferry,  in 


188'J.  as  Regent  of  the  State  University,  which 
honorable  preferment  he  still  retains.  In  1890 
he  was  elected  by  the  Republican  party  as 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  and,  having  filled 
the  office  with  honor  and  distinction,  was  re- 
elected in  1892  for  a  term  of  four  years.  As 
showing  the  discerning  wisdom  which  the  Judge 
has  brought  to  bear  in  his  judicial  capacity, 
reference  to  the  fifth  volume  of  the  Washington 
reports  discloses  the  fact  that  out  of  fifteen 
cases  carried  from  his  jurisdiction  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  his  decision  in  each  of  twelve 
cases  was  affirmed  by  that  court,  and  was  re- 
versed in  the  case  of  only  three. 

Judge  Osborn  has  been  most  indefatigable 
and  self-exacting  in  the  discharge  of  his  ardu- 
ous judicial  duties;  the  work  has  been  thor- 
oughly systematized,  and  he  has  thus  been 
enabled  to  expedite  the  trial  of  causes  and  to 
accomplish  more  in  a  given  time  than  is  usually 
effected  by  several  judges  together.  The  fol- 
lowing commendation,  which  comes  from  one  of 
Washington's  most  able  barristers,  is  well 
worthy  of  reproduction  in  this  connection.  He 
says  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch:  "Judge 
Osborn  is  characterized  by  sturdy  integrity,  by 
a  determination  to  mete  out  justice  under  the 
forms  of  law,  by  an  untiring  industry  and  by  a 
high  degree  of  learning  in  the  law.  He  is  an 
able  lawyer,  is  well  read  and  a  hard  student. 
Socially,  he  is  a  genial  and  polished  gentleman. 
His  rulings  from  the  bench  are  generally  sound 
and  correct." 

Judge  Osborn  was  married,  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Kate  Popple,  a  native  of  England  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Samuel  Popple,  an  eminent  Method 
ist  divine  of  New  York  State.  They  have  four 
children. 

The  Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  having  been  Master  of  Exchequer  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Endowment  Rank  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  is  now  Past  Grand  Chancellor 
of  the  Grand  Jurisdiction  of  Washington.  He 
belongs  to  the  Uniform  Rank  of  this  order,  and 
has  recently  been  commissioned  Colonel  on  the 
staff  of  the  commander  of  the  Washington 
brigade.  He'  is  an  active  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  has  served  two 
terms  as  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Department  of 
Wa:shingtou. 

Politically,  he  is  an  unswerving  Republican. 

Judge  (Osborn  is  a  man  of  fine  literary  taste, 
and  has  frequently  resjionded  to  requests  to 
write  and   deliver  a  poem  for  pul^lic  occasions, 


nr  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


and  poems  from  his  pen  have  frequently  been 
given  to  the  public  through  the  Washington 
and  Oi'egon  press.  One  of  his  poems,  entitled 
"  Sunset  Scene  on  Puget  Sound,"  published  in 
the  Oregonian,  has  been  very  favorably  criti- 
cised, and  is  subjoined. 

A  SUNSET  SCENE  ON  PUGET  SOUND. 

VIEWED   FROM   THE   DECK   OF   A    MOVING    STEAMER. 

Ye  lovers  of  nature,  now  thirsting  for  lore, 
And  searching  in  vain  on  a  far  distant  shore 
For  the  beautiful  scenes  of  this  bountiful  earth, 
Come  back  to  Columbia,  the  land  of  your  birth. 

There's  a  feast  for  you  all  which  our  Maker  has  blest, 
Awaiting  you  here  in  this  wonder-land  West. 
Then  come  and  partake  of  the  joys  that  abound 
On  the  waters  and  shores  of  this  beautiful  Sound  ! 

The  wild  waves  of  the  ocean  coma  searching  for  rest. 
Through  the  straights  of  bold  Fuca,  there  lower  each  crest, 
And  submissively  bow  to  great  monarchs  who  stand 
In  snow-covered  garments  o'erlooking  the  laud. 

With  their  ranks  in  close  order,  they  stand  upon  rocks. 
And,  like  vigilant  shepherds  attending  their  tlocks. 
They  are  guarding  these  shores  from  fierce  winds  that 

would  blow. 
And  are  cooling  hot  rays  with  their  raiment  of  snow. 

On  the  deck  of  this  steamer,  now  stand  by  my  side, 
While  o'er  these  fair  waters  we  softly  will  glide. 
Till  like  an  enchantment,  bright  visions  arise 
That  reflect  on  the  soul  through  its  windows — the  eyes. 

Now,  the  breath  of  an  angel  has  lulled  to  their  sleep 
The  blue  wavelets  that  sport  on  the  face  of  the  deep. 
While  the  sun  in  the  west  in  proud  glory  descends. 
And  the  finger  of  God  his  bright  colors  now  blends. 

Our  good  Master  then  paints,  by  a  wave  of  his  hand. 
Till  these  waters  and  trees  and  those  mountains  so  grand 
Are  all  glowing  in  colors  and  beaming  with  light, 
And  are  gilded  in  splendor  ineffably  bright. 

Now  we  look  on  a  shimmering  ocean  of  light. 
Till  a  sea  of  fire  opals  bedazzle  our  sight ; 
Then  we  turn  and  behold  a  great  silvery  lake 
And  the  river  of  diamonds  we've  left  in  our  wake. 

In  that  wake  of  our  steamer  we  see,  as  of  old. 
That  the  waters  are  parted  and  garnished  with  gold, 
While  the  crest  of  each  swell  as  it  rolls  to  the  strand 
Is  bedecked  with  rare  gems  by  omnipotent  hand. 

These  emerald  shores,  ever  smiling  in  flowers. 

By  the  cedars  and  firs,  are  made  canopied  bowers. 

Pit  portals  are  these,  to  first  tem|)Ies  of  God, 

Whose  sky-touching  steeples  have  sprung  from  the  sod. 

The  beautiful  isles  which  these  waters  enfold 
Ai-e  set  gems  in  a  jewel  of  silver  and  gold. 
And  the  inlets  and  coves  of  these  evergreen  shores. 
Are  the  shining  pathways  so  Elysium's  fair  doors. 

A  soft  halo  of  light  over-arches  the  scene 
And  commingles  the  crimson,  the  purple  and  green. 
And  away,  like  a  thought,  the  eft'ulgeuce  nowflows. 
From  jasper-hued  waters  to  mountains  of  snows. 

Like  angels  from  glory,  with  tidings  of  joy. 
The  white- pinioned  sea-birds  around  us  deploy, 
And  a  radiance  divine  from  the  heavens  above, 
Kill  oiu'  .souls  lull  of  gladness — oin-  hearts  full  of  love. 


The  beholder  stands  mute  in  grave  rev'rence,  I  ween. 
Like  the  throne  of  Jehovah  Mount  Rainier  is  seen! 
That  great  mountain  of  snow  with  its  crown  of  bright 

gold. 
Is  like  Sinai  was  unto  Moses  of  old. 

There  in  grandeur  sublime,  it  links  earth  with  the  sky. 
And  ever  is  present  like  the  All-Seeing  Eye! 
By  its  whiteness  our  need  of  a  cleansing  we  feel. 
And  a  presence  so  awful  inclines  us  to  kneel. 

That  mountain,  far  oft",  and  the  beautiful  shore, 
Whose  grandeur  and  Ijrightness  we  fondly  adore. 
Are  impelled  to  draw  near  and   their  graces  behold. 
In  these  mirror-faced  waters  environed  with  gold. 

Of  their  own  charming  graces,  enamored  they  stand; 
Like  Narcissus  await  the  transformer's  deft  hand ; 
But  Omnipotence  wills  it,  this  change  to  debar. 
By  pronouncing  them  perfect  refuses  to  mar. 

And  there  we  behold,  in  this  mirror  of  God, 
That  great  mountain,  the  trees  and  the  green-covered  sod. 
Here  the  grandeur  of  earth  and  the  blue  arching  skies. 
By  command  of  their  Maker  spread  feast  for  our  eyes. 

Enraptured  we  stand,  we  frail  men  of  the  sod. 
And  behold  in  our  awe  the  white  throne  of  our  God, 
And  the  sea  of  bright  glass,  and  the  streets  of  pure  gold, 
And  the  gates  of  fine  pearl  by  the  prophet  foretold. 

We  may  fly  to  all  lands  that  frail  man  hath  e'er  trod. 
And  survey  the  vast  world  and  the  glories  of  God ; 
But  here,  only,  on  earth,  could  our  dove  find  its  rest. 
And  behold  a  scene  fit  for  the  eyes  of  the  bleat. 

—  Richard  Oshorn,  Seattle,  Washington. 


W.  CO(JPER,  ofie  of  the  proprietors  of 
the  Klickitat  Holler  Mills,  Goldendale, 
1^  Washington,  is  a  native  of  Missouri, 
born  in  Chariton  county,  April  18, 
1852.  His  parents,  H.  M.  and  Ann  J.  (Stew- 
art) Cooper,  were  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
Maine,  respectively.  The  father  was  one  of  the 
throng  that  (iocked  to  this  coast  after  the  gold 
discovery  of  1849,  and  engaged  in  iiiitiitig  oti 
Feather  river.  He  was  joined  by  his  family  in 
185B,  when  they  located  on  a  donation  claim  iti 
Pulk  county,  Oregon.  There  he  remained  until 
1878,  when  he  went  to  Kittitass  county,  AVash- 
ington.  Three  years  later  he  went  to  Polk 
county,  Oregon.  ¥ov  a  number  of  years 
lie  was  engaged  in  mining  near  Ellensburg, 
Washington,  and  erected  a  quartz-mill  there. 
He  now  resides  with  his  family  in  Sherman 
county,  Oregon.  Until  he  was  twenty  years  of 
age  our  subject  lived  in  Polk  county,  Oregon. 
When  a  youth  of  fourteen  years  he  engaged  in 
milling,  atid  from  that  time  until  he  was 
twenty-eight  he  was  almost  continuously  em- 
ployed in  a  sawmill.  During  his  residence  in 
Washington   he  was  located    near   Ellensburg, 


784 


HISTOBT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


where  he  worked  at  carpentry  and  assisted  in 
the  erection  of  a  mill. 

Soon  after  coming  to  Klickitat  county  he  em- 
barked in  the  milling  business,  which  he  con- 
ducted with  marked  success  for  three  years  and 
more.  During  this  period  he  was  at  the 
Presb}'  mill,  nine  miles  from  Goldendale. 
When  he  severed  his  connection  with  this  es- 
tablishment it  was  for  the  purpose  of  erecting 
a  mill  on  the  John  Day  river  in  Sherman 
county,  Oregon.  This  was  run  under  his  man- 
agement until  November,  1892.  Returning  to 
Washington  be  became  interested  in  the  build- 
ing of  the  Klickitat  roller  mills  at  Goldendale, 
doing  much  of  the  work  on  this  iine  plant. 
The  construction  and  furnishing  of  the  mills 
are  first  class  in  every  respect;  the  product  as 
fine  a  grade  of  goods  as  can  be  found  in  the  mar- 
ket. It  is  one  of  the  most  important  as  well  as 
one  of  the  most  prosperous  enterprises  of  the 
place,  and  is  deserving  of  the  generous  patron- 
age received. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  married  at  Independence, 
Oregon,  June  2it,  1879,  to  Miss  Alfaretta  Hef- 
felman,  a  native  of  Illinois.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  three  children:  Guy,  Lynn  and  Marcus. 
Mr.  Cooper  is  a  member  of  Goldendale  Lodge, 
No.  127,  Modern  Woodmen,  and  is  one  of  the 
board  of  managers  of  this  organization.  He  is 
a  man  of  energy  and  labors  with  unwavering 
zeal  for  the  accomplishment  of  his  undertak- 
ings. 

rRED  SOHADEWALD  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  was  born  at  Bradenberg,  on 
—  the  31st  of  December,  1846.  His  parents 
were  Michael  and  Johanna  (Heinrich)  Schade- 
wald.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  na- 
tive place  until  the  age  of  fourteen,  when  he 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  serving  three 
years  as  an  apprentice.  After  learning  his  trade 
he  traveled  through  Germany  for  fifteen  years, 
working  at  his  chosen  business  in  various 
places.  In  1883,  he  came  to  America  on  a 
steamer  from  Bremen,  which  landed  him  at  Bal- 
timore, Maryland.  From  that  city,  he  came  di- 
rect to  Tacoma,  Wtishington,  where  he  resided 
about  two  years.  He  first  secured  work  with 
Edwin  Lorenz,  with  wliom  he  reimdned  seven- 
teen months.  Mr.  Schadewald  then  rented  the 
place  where  lie    now    resides,   which   contains 


about  eighty  acres,  twenty-six  of  which  he  has 
in  a  good  state  of  cultivation,  mostly  devoted  to 
hops. 

Mr.  Schadewald  was  married  on  September 
28,  1876,  to  Miss  Amelia  Feuner,  a  native  of 
Germany.  They  have  had  three  children: 
Otto,  Emil  and  Elizabeth,  all  of  whom  are  now 
deceased. 

Mr.  Schadewald's  life  has  been  an  eventful 
one,  and  what  success  be  has  attained  in  these 
latter  years  is  due  entirely  to  his  energy,  push, 
intelligence  and  upright  character. 


TF.  VAN  AKESDALE,  who  for  more 
than  two  decades  has  been  a  resident  of 
Clarke  county,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  and  dates  his  birth  at  Mill- 
stone Meeting-house,  a  place  of  local  historic  in- 
terest, December  18,  1830.  His  father  was 
Peter  Q.  Van  Aresdale,  whose  ancestors  were 
among  the  wealthy  Dutch  settlers  of  New  Am- 
sterdam; they  figured  prominently  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary struggle,  which  proved  their  financial 
I'uin.  Peter  Q.  Van  Aresdale  was  a  stanch  and 
steadfast  advocate  of  the  abolition  of  slavery;  he 
removed  to  the  State  of  New  York  in  1831,  and 
four  years  later  went  to  Ohio,  locating  in  Marion 
county;  sixteen  years  afterward  he  moved  to 
Green  Lake  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  life;  he  died  in  1864.  His 
wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Catherine  Pouls- 
ton,  was  a  few  months  younger  than  he;  they 
were  born  in  the  year  1799,  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey;  she,  too,  was  of  Dutch  ancestry,  and 
numbers  among  her  forefathers  some  brave  sol- 
diers in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  She  died  in 
1889.  Our  subject  is  the  fifth  of  a  family  of 
ten  children.  He  was  reared  to  the  life  of  a 
farmer,  but  in  November,  1863,  he  forsook  tlie 
industries  that  were  producing  sustenance  and 
raiment  for  the  terrible  occupation  of  warfare; 
he  enlisted  in  the  Thirtieth  Wisconsin  Regi- 
ment, and  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  he  participated  in 
the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  and  many  others  of 
less  note.  After  he  was  mustered  out  he  went 
to  Indiana,  and  for  some  years  resided  in  Kos- 
ciusko county. 

His  residence  in  Clarke  county  began  in  1873, 
and  since  that  time  he  has  been  one  of  the  active 
patrons  of  husbaiic!i-j;  he  lives  on  a  farm  three 
miles    east  of  La  Center,  where  lie  owns  162 


Sin  LORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


acres;  he  has  placed  sixty  acres  undei-  cultiva- 
tion, and  has  several  acres  of  fine  uatural  tim- 
ber. Fully  realizing  his  duty  as  a  citizen  of  the 
liepublic  he  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the 
prosperity  of  tlie  public  school  system  and  other 
enterprises  having  to  do  with  the  general  wel- 
fare. He  is  a  Republican  iu  politics,  and  has 
represented  his  party  in  county  convention  al- 
most yearly  since  coming  to  the  State. 

Mr.  Van  Aresdale  was  married  in  Indiana, 
August  15,  1860,  to  Emeline  Walker,  a  native 
of  Uhio;  four  children  were  born  of  this  union: 
Peter  Q.,  Ellen  C,  wife  of  James  Brothers; 
Mary,  wife  of  Frank  Nicholson;  and  John  G., 
deceased.  The  mother  passed  to  the  future  life 
June  18,  1874. 


FORGE  F.  I)  UE  BE  R.— Prominent 
■/   among  tlie  loyal  and   progressive  citizens 

>j     of  Winlock  is   he  whose  name  stands  at 

^  the  head  of  this  brief  biography.  lie  has 
resided  here  since  1876,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  recognized  as  a  leading  spirit  in  the  busi- 
ness life  and  energy  that  have  characterized  the 
West.  For  a  period  of  eight  years  he  was  pro- 
prietor of  the  Railroad  Hotel,  and  then  for  a 
number  of  years  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
trade.  During  the  past  few  years  he  has  given 
liis  attention  to  agriculture,  and  superintends 
the  cultivation  of  his  farm  three  miles  north  of 
town,  although  still  residing  here.  He  has  a 
tract  of  360  acres,  eighty-five  acres  being  in  an 
advanced  state  of  cultivation;  he  has  four  acres 
in  fruit,  and  all  the  surroundings  betoken  the 
prosperity  ever  attendant  upon  thrift  and 
energy. 

Mr.  Dueber  is  a  native  of  the  town  of  Newport, 
Kentucky,  born  February  -i,  1850,  a  son  of 
Peter  and  Amelia  (Strenhoef)  Dueber.  His 
])arents  were  both  natives  of  Germany,  but  emi- 
grated to  America  in  tlieir  young  days,  the 
father  arriving  as  early  as  1835.  They  reared 
a  family  of  eleven  children,  George  F.  being  the 
second  in  order  of  birth.  When  he  was  a  lad 
of  ten  years  they  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, and  thence  at  the  end  of  one  year  to  St. 
Cloud,  Minnesota,  the  following  year  brought 
them  to  tlie  Pacific  coast,  and  they  chose  Port- 
land, Oregon,  as  tlieir  residence. 

At  an  early  age  our  subject  began  the  struggle 
of  life  on  his  own  account.     In   1866,  then   a 


youth  of  si.xteen,  he  went  to  Fort  Buford,  Mon- 
tana, where  lie  served  an  apprenticeship  of  two 
years  at  the  blacksmith's  trade;  he  was  after- 
ward employed  in  a  wood-yard,  and  remained 
there  until  1870.  Moved  liy  the  restless  spirit 
of  youth  he  made  many  clianges  in  the  years 
following;  one  winter  was  spent  at  Fort  Geary; 
a  year  at  Fort  Totten,  Dakota,  and  then  he  re- 
turned to  St.  Cloud,  Minnesota,  where  he  en- 
gaged as  clerk  in  the  store  of  J.  B.  Mills;  after 
a  sliort  time  he  was  again  on  the  move,  and 
visited  Crow  Wing  and  Otter  Tail  City,  remain- 
ing at  the  latter  place  five  years.  In  1875  he 
came  to  Winlock,  and  having  exhausted  his  de- 
sire for  change  has  made  this  his  home  since  that 
time. 

Mr.  'Dueber  was  married  to  Miss  Margery 
Erckenbrack,  a  native  of  McHenry  county,  Illi- 
nois, February  15,  1874.  They  are  the  parents 
of  five  childre^l:  Chai'les  E.,  Peter,  Edith  A., 
George  and  Margery. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Dueber  is  allied  with 
the  progressive  element  of  Democracy,  and  is 
fully  alive  to  the  duties  of  citizenship  in  a  great 
republic. 


CHARLES  GEIGER  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  was  born  at  Altlieira.  county 
of  Ueberlinger,  on  the  Baden  sea,  on  Jan- 
uary 7,  1856.  His  parents  were  Anton  and 
Kuhnegunder  (Schober)  Geiger,  his  father  be- 
incr  a  butcher  by  trade,  and  conducting  his  own 
establishment  at  Altheiin,  in  which  town  and 
vicinity  Charles  was  reared  and  educated. 
When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  decided  to  try 
his  fortune  iu  the  new  country  and  immigrated 
to  the  United  States,  sailing  on  tlie  9th  of  May, 
1873,  from  Hamburg,  on  the  steamship  Fra- 
zier,  then  starting  on  her  maiden  trip.  He  lo- 
cated first  in  a  small  town  on  the  Hudson  river, 
where  he  secured  work  at  the  butcher's  trade 
with  several  men.  In  1875  he  went  to  Chicago, 
and  from  there,  after  a  few  weeks,  to  LaSalle, 
where  he  worked  for  John  Berngesel.  In  1877, 
he  removed  to  Tacoma  and  engaged  to  work  for 
Byron  Balon,  with  whom  he  remained  for  four 
years.  During  tlie  latter  part  of  1882  he 
started  in  business  for  himself  on  Pacific  ave- 
nue, adopting  the  name  of  Rainier  Market.  He 
sold  this  business  after  about  a  year  and  a  half 
to  Uhlman  and  worked  for  Barion  Brothers,  at 


inSTOBT    OF    WAmiNOTOli. 


Carbonado  for  about  six  months,  when  he  again 
opened  a  business  of  his  own  on  Tacoma  ave- 
nue, where  he  has  been  since. 

Mr.  Geiger  was  married  in  Tacoma  on  Octo- 
ber 24,  1880,  to  Miss  Mary  Theresa  Wiel,  a  na- 
tive of  Pennslyvania,  and  they  have  five  child- 
ren, viz.:  Edna  C,  Alexander  T.,  Charles,  Jr., 
Frank  Wiel,  and  Louisa  T. 

AKEY  WILLIAM  STEWAIIT,  was  born 
at  Crator,  Delaware  county.  New  York, 
on  the  27  day  of  September,  1845,  his 
parents  being  William  and  Hannah  (Bronson) 
Stewart.  His  father  was  a.  native  of  Connecti- 
cut and  a  direct  descendant  of  the  strong  and 
sturdy  Pilgrim  fathers.  His  motlier  also  was 
a  New  Englander. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  remained  in  Dela- 
ware county  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age. 
In  his  tenth  year  he  lost,  by  deatli,  liis  beloved 
fatlier.  His  mother,  however,  continued  to  re- 
side there  until  1867,  when  her  death  occurred. 
The  boy  received  his  education  in  the  country. 

When  Lincoln  issued  his  call  for  men,  young 
Stewart  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  army  in  a  company  composed  of  men 
from  Delaware  county,  and  transferred  to 
Saratoga  county  later  on.  After  a  short  enlist- 
ment at  Saratoga  Springs  he  was  mustered 
into  Company  A,  Twenty -fiftli  New  York 
Cavalry,  Colonel  Culey,  of  Albany.  From 
Saratoga  they  proceeded  to  Camp  Stone- 
man  four  miles  from  Washington.  From 
this  time  throughout  the  Civil  war.  young 
Stewart's  life  was  an  eventful  one.  He  was 
in  some  of  the  fiercest  and  most  destructive 
battles  of  the  Rebellion,  being  engaged  at 
Charleston  Courthouse,  Virginia,  on  June  25, 
1864;  at  Fort  Stevens  July  11  and  13;  Duffield 
Station,  August  27:  thus  followed  during  the 
years  of  1864  and  1865  a  series  of  engagements 
coming  in  c^uick  succession,  calling  for  long  dis- 
tances between  points  of  engagement  and  much 
time  to  be  spent  in  the  wearisome  saddle. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Stewart  went  to 
Pennsylvania,  in  Carbon  county,  and  engaged 
in  lumber  and  wood-working  for  three  years 
as  foreman  of  a  lumber  camp.  He  came  out  to 
the  coast  in  1869,  and  reached  the  city  of  Ta- 
coma via  San  Francisco,  from  which  place  he 
took  the  steamer  and  stage,  until  Olympia  was 


reached.  He  walked  from  the  latter  place  to 
Tacoma,  arriving  there  in  October,  1869.  His 
first  position  was  as  tallyman  at  the  old  Ta- 
coma mill,  which  was  then  just  being  com- 
pleted. Afterwards  he  followed  the  carpenter 
trade,  working  on  the  wharves.  The  next  few 
months  were  characterized  by  frequent  changes 
of  location,  seeking  for  the  most  profitable  ein- 
ployn^ent,  during  which  time  his  wife's  health 
was  so  broken  down  as  to  require  the  constant 
attention  of  her  husband,  and  for  five  months 
and  until  her  death  he  did  not  leave  her  side. 
After  a  succession  of  ups  and  downs,  finally  the 
year  1889  found  him  engaged  in  the  real-estate 
and  loan  business.  In  March,  1890,  he  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  and  held  the  office  for  two  years. 

Mr.  Stewart  was  first  married  in  1868  to 
Miss  Olive  Adams,  of  Carbon  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, who  died  in  1872.  He  was  again  mar- 
ried in  1875,  to  Miss  Alice  Iloss,  daughter  of 
D.  M.  Ross,  the  issue  of  which  marriage  is  four 
children,  viz.:  Frank  £.,  Olive  A.,  Lettie  E. 
and  Ross  J. 

Mr.  Stewart  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Unity  Lodge  No,  18;  also  a  member  of  L.  C. 
Ladd  Post  No.  17,  Puyallup,  and  is  connected 
with  various  beneficent  associations,  and  is  a  use- 
ful and  is  highly  esteemed  citizen. 


T'HOMAS  EWING,  widely  known  from  his 
extensive  operations  in  mining  intei'ests 
througlmut  the  West,  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster, Ohio,  November  28,  1837,  a  son 
of  William  and  Margaret  (Elder)  Ewing,  natives 
also  of  that  State,  and  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The 
father  followed  agricultural  pursuits  for  about 
sixty  years  in  his  native  State. 

Thomas  Ewing  received  his  education  in  tlie 
public  and  high  schools  of  Lancaster,  and  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  years  began  clerking  in  a  gen- 
eral mercantile  store.  In  1857  he  started  for 
California,  joined  a  party  of  twenty-five  young 
men  at  St.  Joe,  Missouri,  crossed  the  plains  on 
horseback,  and  covered  the  distance  in  eighty 
days,  makingoneof  the  quickest  trips  on  record. 
Arriving  in  San  Francisco  with  only  $7.75  as 
his  cash  capital,  Mr.  Ewing  secured  a  humble 
position  in  the  wholesale  grocery  of  J.  C.  Fall 
&  Co.,  but  after  four  months  of  service  had  out- 
stripped sixteen  others  in  the  line  of  promotion, 


insroRY  OP  WMiiiNoroN. 


and  received  a  salary  of  $250  per  moiitli.  In 
1862  tlie  tirni  of  Ewing  &  Washburn  was  or- 
ganized, opening  business  with  a  stock  of  goods 
for  the  mining  town  of  Unionvilie,  Xevada, 
where  they  were  the  pioneer  merchants.  Their 
goods  were  packed  and  hauled  to  them  at  a 
cost  of  from  eighteen  to  tw-enty  cents  per  pound 
for  transportation.  Subsequently  Mr.  Ewing 
opened  stores  at  Trinity  and  Dun  Glen,  and 
continued  the  several  establishments  until  1866. 
In  1864  our  subject  took  an  active  part  in  form- 
ing the  new  State  of  Nevada,  and  in  carrying 
the  State  in  the  fall  election  for  the  Kepublican 
party,  with  Abraham  Lincoln  as  Piesident  and 
James  W.  Nye  and  William  M.  Stewart  as 
United  States  Senators.  In  July,  1865,  with  a 
party  of  seventeen  men,  Mr.  Ewing  made  a  tour 
of  exploration  into  Idaho,  but  coining  in  con- 
tact with  Indians,  they  barely  escaped  with  their 
lives.  In  1866,  a  company  of  United  States 
Troops,  under  Captain  Conrad,  ten  citizens  and 
ten  Indian  scouts,  Mr.  Ewing  being  among  the 
number,  followed  the  same  band  of  Indians,  and 
dtbtroyed  the  entire  band.  Mr.  Ewing  was 
then  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Silver  City, 
Idaho,  under  the  firm  name  of  Thomas  Ewing 
&  Co.,  w'ith  a  branch  store  at  Flint,  that  State; 
took  an  active  part  in  the  development  of  the 
mining  interests  of  that  country;  in  1869,  at 
the  a-equest  of  General  George  H.  Thomas,  sold 
his  interests  there  and  moved  to  Tucson,  Ari- 
zona, aided  in  developing  that  Territory,  and 
placing  the  Indians  oti  their  I'eservation,  and 
providing  the  army  and  interior  department 
with  necessary  supplies;  in  1871  made  a  tour 
of  the  Southern  and  Eastern  States;  next  en- 
gaged in  mining  and  Government  contracting; 
and  in  1878  returned  to  San  Francisco,  his 
former  home.  Mr.  Ewing  afterward  became  in- 
terested in  mining  securities  in  Nevada  county, 
and  was  also  manager  of  the  Murchie  mine. 

In  1879  our  sabject  made  a  prospecting  tour 
through  Colorado,  visiting  Leadville,  Gunnison 
and  the  San  Juan  country,  but  subsequently  re- 
turned to  Leadville.  In  1880,  in  company  with 
William  Waddington,  of  New  York  city,  he 
purchased  the  celebrated  Robinson  consolidated 
mine  on  Ten  Mile  creek,  $1,200,000  represent- 
ing the  purchase  price.  Colonel  Ewing,  as  he 
is  commonly  known,  assumed  management  of 
the  mine,  which  paid  monthly  dividends  of 
$100,000  each,  and  seven  months  afterward  the 
stock  increased  to  14,000,000  in  value,  after 
which  Messrs.  Ewing  &  Waddington  closed  it 


out  on  Wall  street.  New  York,  making  a  nmst 
successful  operation.  In  I'ebruary,  1882,  tlolo- 
nel  Ewingreturned  toSan  Francisco,  and  in  com- 
pany with  Mr.  AVaddinghatn  bought  the  famous 
iionanza  King  mine,  in  San  Bernardino  county, 
for  1300,000,  expended  $225,000  in  develop- 
ments, erected  one  of  tiie  finest  ten  stamp  mills 
in  America,  and  after  twenty-two  months'  opera- 
tion, produced  $1,300,000  in  dividends.  He 
then  sold  his  interest  to  the  syndicate  wliich  he 
represented,  and  later  purchased  the  Surprise  and 
Josephine  mines  of  Fresno  county,  California, 
from  which  he  realized  handsome  profits.  The 
following  two  years  were  passed  in  travel  and  in 
visiting  the  different  mining  interests  of  the 
United  States.  In  the  spring  of  1888  Mr.  Ewing 
made  his  first  visit  to  Washington,  selecting 
Seattle  as  the  most  desirable  place  for  invest 
ment.  He  purchased  the  water  front  of  West 
Seattle,  with  lands  adjoining,  with  a  view  of 
making  that  a  railroad  terminus.  He  and  his 
associates  then  incorporated  the  West  Seattle 
Land  and  Improvement  Company,  with  $1,500,- 
000  capital,  of  which  Mr.  Ewing  became  presi- 
dent. A  survey  was  then  commenced  for  the 
Seattle  and  Southern  Railroad,  which,  after  com- 
pletion, was  purchased  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Company,  and  commenced  as  the  Portland  & 
Puget  Sound  railway,  with  a  view  of  connect- 
ing with  the  LTnion  Pacific  system,  and  making 
West  Seattle  the  terminus  on  the  Sound. 

Immediately  after  the  fire  of  June,  1889, 
Colonel  Ewing  took  an  active  part  in  the  reor- 
ganization of  the  city  of  Seattle,  lie  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Seattle  Terminal  Ilailway 
&  Elevator  Company,  who  built  the  large  ware- 
house and  elevator  at  West  Seattle,  and  for  two 
years  was  president  of  the  company.  In  1889 
he  organized  the  West  Seattle  (Jable  Company, 
and,  as  President,  superintended  the  building  of 
two  and  a  half  miles  of  cable  road,  whose  power 
house  is  one  of  the  finest  on  the  coast.  Mr. 
Ewing  oi'ganized,  and  is  now  president  of  the 
West  Seattle  AVater  and  Electric  Light  Com- 
pany. The  West  Seattle  Ferry  is  an  enterprise 
of  the  Land  Company,  and  is  run  in  connection 
with  the  cable  road,  all  of  which  are  operated 
and  conducted  in  the  development  of  the  AYest 
Side.  The  Colonel  was  also  largely  interested 
in  the  discovery  and  opening  of  the  Monte  Cristo 
mines,  and  still  possesses  extensive  mining  in- 
terests in  Montana  and  California.  He  has  the 
strongest  faith  in  the  future  of  Washington, 
and  is  firmly  convinced  that  Seattle  will  become 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTOK. 


the  great  commercial  center  of  the  JMortliwest. 
He  has  always  been  an  uucompromising  Eepiib- 
lican,  active  in  politics,  and  a  strong  believer  in 
protection  and  of  the  free  coinage  of  silver. 

Colonel  Ewing  was  married  in  8an  Francisco, 
in  1872,  to  Miss  Clara  C.  Darrington,  a  native 
of  Canada.  He  still  maintains  his  elegant  home 
on  Vernon  Heights,  Oakland,  California,  where 
all  his  social  interests  are  centered.  He  is  a 
member  of  all  the  prominent  social  clubs  of  San 
Francisco,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers,  and  is 
still  an  active  member  of  the  Country  Club. 

'^■^■^ 

DANIEL  WISSINGER,  a  prominent  citi- 
zen of  Tacoma,  Washington,  who  since 
his  residence  in  the  metropolis  has  made 

many  warm  friends,  is  a  native  of  Springfield, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  born  June  9,  lB42.  His 
parents,  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Conklin)  Wissin- 
ger,  were  natives  of  Martinsville,  Virginia,  and 
A'ermont,  respectively,  and  Ijelonged  to  well- 
known  and  honored  lamilies. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  until 
ten  years  of  age  in  his  native  city,  when  in  1852 
his  parents  removed  to  Wisconsin,  settling  in 
La  Crosse,  remaining  there  six  months,  at  the 
end  of  w-hich  time  they  went  to  La  Crescent, 
Minnesota,  where  they  resided  four  years.  In 
1857  they  returned  to  their  old  home  at  Spring- 
Held,  Ohio,  where  the  parents  ever  afterward 
resided. 

Thus  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  mostly 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  city,  enjoying 
in  addition  to  his  school  advantages  the  retining 
influences  of  a  cultured  home,  learning  from 
the  precepts  and  example  of  his  parents  those 
enduring  qualities  of  industry  and  economy 
which  have  contributed  to  his  success  in  life. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  in  Springfield  to 
the  machinist's  trade,  and  also  learned  carpen- 
try from  his  father,  who  was  a  master  workman. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  although  not  yet 
eighteen  years  of  age,  he  hastened  with  all 
tlie  enthusiasm  of  patriotism  to  ofier  his  services 
to  his  country,  enlisting  on  April  17,  1861,  for 
three  months,  in  Company  E  of  the  Sixteenth 
Ohio  Regiment,  which  was  organized  at  Camp 
Chase.  He  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Graf- 
ton, West  Virginia,  and  experienced  his  first 
engagement  at  Laurel  Hill,  afterward  taking 
part  in  the  battle  of  Carrick's  Ford,  wheie  Gen- 


eral Garuett  was  killed.  From  there  he  re- 
turned with  his  company  to  Springfield,  Ohio, 
where  at  the  expiration  of  their  term  of  service 
they  were  discharged.  He  thereupon  again  en- 
listed, this  time  i:i  Company  F,  of  the  Fifty- 
fourth  Ohio  Regiment,  wliich  rendezvoused  at 
Camp  Dennison.  From  there  the  regiment 
proceeded  to  Padncah,  Kentucky,  and  thence 
up  the  Tennessee  river,  with  Colonel  A.  J. 
Smith  in  command.  His  regiment's  first  en- 
gagement was  at  Shiloh,  where  they  were 
stationed  two  weeks  before  the  battle  took  place. 
On  the  -tth  of  April  his  regiment  and  the  Fifty- 
fifth  Illinois  were  reconnoitering,  when  they 
marched  directly  under  the  rebel  troops,  who 
could  have  captured  them.  After  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  his  regiment  went  to  Corinth,  but  Mr. 
Wissinger  did  not  accompany  his  command,  as 
he  was  removed  to  a  hospital  because  of  sick- 
ness just  after  the  battle  mentioned.  He  was 
later  removed  to  the  hospital  in  Covington, 
Kentucky,  and  subsequently  returned  home  on 
a  thirty  days'  furlough. 

He  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Memphis,  and 
was  stationed  with  his  command  in  a  garrison 
at  one  of  the  forts.  Thence  his  regiment  pro- 
ceeded to  Louisville  and  Indianapolis,  where 
Mr.  Wissinger  joined  the  First  Indiana  Heavy 
Artillery.  From  there  he  accompanied  his 
regiment  to  Memphis  and  Vicksburg,  which 
had  just  surrendered,  thence  to  Baton  Rouge 
and  New  Orleans.  From  there  he  accompanied 
his  regiment  to  Matagorda  bay,  Texas,  where 
the  troops  fought  an  engagement  and  tlien  re- 
turned to  New  Orleans.  He  was  with  his  regi- 
ment at  the  siege  of  Fort  Gaines  and  Fort 
Morgan,  at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay.  At  the 
siege  of  Mobile  Mr.  Wissinger  was  wounded 
and  lost  the  use  of  his  right  eye  by  the  burst- 
ing of  a  shell.  He,  however,  bandaged  his  eye 
and  remained  with  his  company.  His  regiment 
returned  tu  Fort  Gaines,  where  it  lay  until  re- 
lieved by  the  United  States  Regulars,  when  it 
returned  to  New  Orleans,  where  it  was  mustered 
out  of  service,  November  8,  1865. 

Mr.  Wissinger  remained  in  the  Crescent  City 
and  secured  employment  as  foreman  in  the  rail- 
road car  shops,  and  from  there  was  transferred 
to  the  same  position  in  the  shops  of  the  Mobile 
&  Ohio  Railroad  at  Mobile.  After  remaining 
two  years  in  the  latter  city,  he  returned  to 
Springfield,  Ohio,  and  resumed  the  carpenter 
business,  at  which  he  worked,  off  and  on,  until 
1887,  wlien  he  came  to  Tacoma.     On  arriving 


BISTORT  OF   WAsirimrwx. 


iu  the  latter  city  he  engaged  in  carpentering, 
which  he  followed  two  months,  and  then  en- 
gaged in  the  restaurant  bussiness,  which  he 
has  followed  continuously  and  successfully  ever 
since.  lie  has  pursued  the  latter  occn|)ation  in 
several  locations  in  the  city,  but  finally  removed, 
November  1,  1892,  to  his  first  place  of  business, 
which  is  in  many  res|iects  the  most  favorable, 
and  which  will  in  all  probability  prove  to  be  his 
permanent  stand.  His  natural  energy,  thorough 
business  experience  and  insight  into  details,  has 
rendered  him  successful  from  the  first  in  his 
new  occupation,  ai]d  his  guests  receive  the  liest 
of  care,  with  an  abundance  of  wholesome  food, 
well  prepared  and  neatly  served.  To  show  that 
his  ettbrts  are  appreciated,  it  is  but  necessary  to 
point  at  his  piM-iiiii.-ii'y  success,  which  is  unquali- 
fied and  evt'i-  iiici\':i-iiig. 

October  lU,  lb(_)7,  Mr.  Wissinger  was  married 
in  Springfield,  Ohio,  to  Mary  Walker,  a  lady  of 
intelligence  and  worth,  and  a  native  of  Clarke 
county,  that  State,  who  has  proved  a  helpmeet 
in  every  sense  of  the  word,  sharing  her  hus- 
band's hardships  and  success,  and  contributing 
materially  to  his  prosperity. 

Politically,  Mr.  Wissinger  is  a  Republican, 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  issues  of  his 
party.  Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  F.  & 
A.  M.,  State  Lodge,  No.  68.  A  faithful  soldier 
and  good  citizen,  he  is  a  person  of  whom  a  com- 
munity may  be  proud,  as  his  influeuce  is  ever 
sure  to  be  thrown  in  the  scale  of  justice  and 
morality. 


AVhen  she  was  five  years  old  she  was  taken  l)y 
her  parents  to  Wabash  county,  Illinois,  and  four 
years  later  moved  with  them  to  Milam  county, 
Texas,  remaining  at  the  latter  place  two  years. 
Their  next  move  was  to  Lewis  county,  AVash- 
ington.  Here  she  met  and  married  Mr.  Jaco- 
bus.    Their  oi.ly  child  is  Ivoliert  T. 


*^^ 


GURISTLVN  REITZIG,  who  has  been  a 
resident  of  Lewis  county,  Washington, 
since  1868.  belongs  to  that  class  of 
thrifty  people  who  have  emigrated  to  this 
country  from  Germany. 

Mr.  Reitzig  was  born  in  Germany  in  1837, 
and  lived  in  his  native  land  until  he  was  twen- 
ty-six years  of  age.  Pie  then  emigrated  to 
America  with  the  hope  of  improving  his  tem- 
poral condition,  and  in  this  country  he  has  met 
with  that  success  which  is  always  the  result  of 
honest  industry.  Landing  in  New  York  city, 
he  remained  there  one  year,  after  which  he  went 
to  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  where  he  spent  two 
years.  We  next  find  him  in  Kansas,  where  he 
was  employed  in  railroad  work.  From  there  he 
worked  his  way  westward,  was  in  California 
some  time,  and  finally  landed  in  Lewis  county, 
Washington,  in  1868,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided.     Mr.  Reitzig  is  unmarried. 


OIIN  R.  JACOBUS  is  one  of  the  prosper- 
Y  11  ous  farmers  of  Lewis  county,  Washington, 
having  been  a  resident  of  this  place  since 
1879.  As  one  of  the  representative  men  of  bis 
district,  we  make  mention  of  him  as  follows:     . 

John  R.  Jacobus  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Indiana,  in  1835,  and  in  the  Hoosier  State 
spent  his  boyhood  days.  In  1853  he  was 
among  the  emigrants  who  came  overland  to  the 
west  coast.  He  spent  ten  years  at  Placerville, 
California,  after  which  he  came  to  Washington. 
He  lived  in  Kitsap  county  about  four  years,  in 
Mason  county  six  years,  in  Island  county  six 
years,  and  since  1879  has  been  a  resident  of 
Lewis  county. 

Mr.  Jacobus  married  Miss  Ida  J.Bariekman, 
who  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Indiana,  in  1876. 


\  A\))ll-I-1AM  PUMFHREY  has  been  a  resi- 
\//\r  "^'ent  of  Lewis  county,  Washington,  for 
^  Mi  many  years,  and  has  witnessed  the  many 
changes  which  have  taken  place  here  during  tiie 
past  four  decades. 

Mr.  Pumphrey  was  born  in  Rockingham 
county,  Virginia,  in  1830,  and  in  his  native 
State  remained  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old. 
He  then  came  west  as  far  as  Council  Blufts,  and 
in  1852  came  on  to  the  Pacific  coast,  landing  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  October  18,  of  that  year. 
From  there  he  came  to  Lewis  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  here  he  has  since  lived,  having  ex- 
perienced the  hardships  and  privations  of  pio- 
neer life,  and  now  being  in  comfortable  circum- 
stances. 

Mr.  Pumphrey's  wife  was,  before  her  mar- 
riage,'Miss  Lizzie  Paul.  She  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois in  1853,  from  there  moved  with  her  parents 


^90 


niHTonr  of  Washington. 


to  Kausas,  autl  siibfeequeiilly  to  Wasliington 
Territory,  iirst  settling  in  Lewis  county,  and 
afterward  in  Cowlitz  county.  She  and  Mr. 
Pumphrey  were  married  in  1878.  They  have 
seven  children:  Mary  F.,  Charles  W.,  Wilford 
A.,  Grover  E.,  Maud  A.,  Eugene  and   Ida  A. 

Mr.  Humphrey  is  engaged  in  farming  and  in 
the  general  merchandise  bnsiness,  and  has  also 
been  Postmaster  of  Olequa  for  twenty  years. 
From  1855  till  1857  he  was  Auditor  of  Lewis 
county,  and  from  1857  until  1859  he  served  as 
County  Sheriff".  Few  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
Lewis  county  were  more  prominently  identified 
with  its  interests  than  he,  and  few,  if  any,  are 
more  highly  respected  to-day  than  William 
Pumphrey. 

ELKANAH  MILLS  has  been  a  resident  of 
Lewis  county,  Washington,  since  1851. 
I  He  was  born  in  Pulaski  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1818,  and  spent  the  first  seventeen 
years  of  his  life  in  the  Blue  Grass  State.  Im- 
bued with  the  spirit  of  emigration  at  an  early 
age,  he  emigrated  in  1834  to  Jackson  county, 
Missouri.  In  1847  he  continued  his  way  west- 
ward, and  in  due  time  landed  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  where  he  remained  until  1851.  That 
year  "he  took  up  his  abode  iu  Lewis  county, 
Washington,  and  has  since  continued  his  resi- 
dence here. 

Mr.  Mills  married  Luvina  V.  Wisdom,  a 
native  of  Howard  county,  Missouri,  born  in 
1818.  She  came  West  with  her  husband,  and 
is  still  the  sharer  of  his  joys  and  sorrows.  They 
have  seven  children:  Mary  J.,  George  W.,  Will- 
iam P.,  Joseph  M.,  Samuel  F.,  Xancy  E.  and 
Susana  M. 


f^^ 


^^4 


fll     L.  WATSON,  one  of  the  representative 
//_l\    citizens  of  the  county  of  Cowlitz,  Wash- 
ir\\   ington,  and  the  present  incumbent  of  the 
•fj  Sheriff's  office,  is  a  native  of  Ohio.     The 

following  sketch  of  his   life   is   appropriate  in 
this  work: 

A.  L.  Watson  was  born  in  Madison  county, 
Ohio,  November  7,  1860,  third  in  the  family  of 
five  children  of  Levi  and  Mary  A.  (Kilgore) 
Watson,  the  former  a  native  of  Ohio,  the  latter 


of  Illinois.  Levi  Watson  was  a  brick  manu- 
facturer. He  removed  with  his  family  from 
Ohio  to  Cumberland  county,  Illinois,  when  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  was  six  years  old,  and  a 
year  later  tiie  family  home  was  estalilished  in 
Clark  county,  that  State,  wdiere  he  was  reared 
and  educated.  His  first  work  was  in  connec- 
tion with  his  father  in  the  brick-making  busi- 
ness. Subsequently  he  learned  the  trade  of 
carpenter  of  W.  G.  Wood,  at  Westfield,  Clark 
county. 

In  1887  Mr.  Watson  located  at  Freeport, 
Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  where  he  engaged 
in  milling  and  contracting.  While  thus  em- 
ployed he  built  the  Kelso  public  school,  and 
many  private  residences  throughout  the  county. 
He  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  public 
affairs,  and  in  politics  has  been  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican. In  September,  1892,  he  was  chosen  by 
the  Republican  convention  of  Cowlitz  county 
as  the  nominee  of  the  party  for  the  office  of 
Sheriff,  and  the  following  November  was  elected 
to  the  office,  the  duties  of  which  he  has  since 
efficiently  performed. 

July  20,  1886,  Mr.  Watson  married  Miss 
Aggie  Gross.     Their  only  child  is  Garnet  M. 

Mr.  Watson  is  a  member  of  Cowlitz  Lodge, 
No.  66,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  which  he  has  passed  the 
chairs,  and  has  represented  that  body  in  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  this  jurisdiction.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Rebekah  degree. 


D 


AVID  COTTONOIR  has  for  a  number 
of  years  been  engaged  in  farming  on  the 
Cowlitz  river.  He  is  a  native  of  Lewis 
county,  Washington,  born  in  the  year  1839,  and 
is  a  fair  representative  of  the  successful  farmers 
of  his  district. 

Mr.  Cottonoir  married  Delia  Inwas.  Her 
mother,  Louisa  Inwas,  was  the  first  white  settler 
on  the  Cowlitz  river.  They  have  a  family  of 
three  children:  Mary  F.,  Louisa  E.  and  Julia. 


I  AMES  LAMA,  another  one  of  the  enter- 
^  I  prising  farmers  of  Lewis  ceunty,  Wash- 
^!^  ington,  has  been  identified  with  the  inter- 
ests of  this  county  for  about  twenty-five  years. 
Of  his  life  we  present  the  following  brief  sketch : 


HISTORY    OF'    WASHINGTON. 


James  Lama  was  Imrii  in  Kitgland  in  1830, 
and  when  twenty  years  of  age  emigrated  to 
America,  landing  in  San  Francisco,  June  5, 
1850.  He  was  engaged  in  mining  in  Califor- 
nia until  1867,  when  lie  went  to  Fort  Madison, 
and  about  three  months  later  took  up  his  ahode 
in  Lewis  county.  Here  he  has  since  lived,  de- 
voting bis  time  and  energies  to  agricultural 
pursuits. 

Mr.  Lama  was  married  in  1870  to  Miss  Mar- 
tha Garnett,  who  was  born  near  the  AVabash 
river,  in  Indiana,  where  she  was  reared  and  ed- 
ucated. Coming  West,  she  spent  about  two 
years  in  Monterey,  California,  from  there  went 
to  Lowering  Valley,  and  in  1870  came  to  Lewis 
county,  Washington.  They  have  tliree  children, 
Leonard,  Kiley  and  Ellen,  all  in  Lewis  county. 

SIMON  PLOMANDO,  a  native  of  Van- 
)  couver,  British  Columbia,  has  been  a  res- 
- — '  ident  of  Washington  nearly  all  his  life, 
having  removed  here  from  Vancouver  with  his 
parents  when  he  was  six  years  old.  His  parents 
settled  in  Cowlitz  county,  where  he  was  reared 
and  where  he  lived  for  twenty-eight  years.  For 
the  past  sixteen  years  he  has  lived  in  Lewis 
county,  on  the  banks  of  the  Cowlitz  river. 

Mr.  Plomando  is  married  and  lias  a  nice  fam- 
ily. Mrs.  Plomando  is  also  a  native  of  Vancou- 
ver, at  the  time  of  her  birth  her  father  being  in 
the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 
When  she  was  about  five  years  old  she  came  with 
her  parents  to  Lewis  county,  where  she  has 
since  resided.  Her  maiden  name  was  Mary 
Feron.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Plomando  have  four 
children,  Daniel,  Leon,  Simon  and  Mary. 

DANIEL  K.  ABRAMS,  a  prominent  citi- 
zen  of   Ividgelielil  and   one  of  the  large 
land-owners  of  Clarke  county,  has  been 

identified  with  the  development  of  the  resources 
of  the  Pacitic  coast  since  1851.  Descending 
from  the  old  colonists  of  New  England  he  in- 
herited those  traits  that  are  invaluable  to  the 
pioneer  and  belongs  especially  to  the  men  and 
women  who  have  gone  before  to  make  way  for 
the  rapid  strides  of  civilization  that  has  placed 
the  United  States  Republic  at  the  head  of  the 
nations  of  the  earth. 


He  was  born  in  Belknap  county.  New 
Hampshire,  June  1,  1829,  a  son  of  John  and 
Nancy  (Robins)  Abrams,  also  natives  of  New 
Hampshire.  The  fatlier  was  a  farmer  and  mill- 
wright by  trade,  and  to  these  callings  the  son 
was  reared;  he  remained  under  the  parental 
roof  until  he  attained  his  majority,  and  tlien  lie 
said  farewell  to  his  home  and  friends  and  set 
sail  for  the  Pacific  coast,  coming  via  Cape 
Horn.  Landing  at  Fortland,  Oregon,  he  em- 
barked soon  thereafter  in  the  sawmill  business, 
which  he  continued  two  years.  His  next  oc- 
cupation was  farming,  which  he  carried  on 
near  Albina  until  1871. 

The  year  last  mentioned  is  the  date  of  Mr. 
Abrams'  coming  to  Ridgefield;  here,  in  part- 
nership with  E.  A.  Knox,  he  owns  3,000  acres 
of  land;  100  acres  are  in  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation; they  also  own  a  fine  orchard  of  twenty 
acres,  set  to  prunes,  which  yields  good  returns, 
netting  in  1893  $1,000;  in  addition  to  this  real 
estate  these  gentlemen  own  property  in  Port- 
land which  is  increasing  in  value.  They  are 
both  men  of  wide  experience  and  well  fitted  for 
tlie  management  of  so  large  an  estate. 

Mr.  Abrams  was  united  in  marriage  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1854,  the  wife  of  his  choice 
being  Mary  M.  Chapman,  also  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire.  Of  tlii.s  union  two  children  were 
born — Mary  E.  and  John  C.  The  mother  died 
of  diphtheria  in  August,  1863,  and  the  son  was 
stricken  with  the  same  disease  two  weeks  later; 
Mary  E.  lived  to  the  age  of  eighteen  years, 
when  she  passed  to  the  future  life,  May  22, 
1880. 


GM.  DuVALL,  an  enterprising  citizen  of 
Goldendale,  is  a  product  of  the  progress- 
ive spirit  of  the  age,  and  has  done  his 
share  in  carrying  forward  the  movement  which 
goes  to  form  a  high  civilization.  Following  is 
a  brief  outline  of  his  career:  He  is  a  native  of 
tiie  State  of  Missouri,  born  November  19,  1852. 
His  parents,  John  and  Christiana  (Powell) 
DuVall,  were  natives  of  Missouri  and  Iowa, 
respectively.  In  1853  they  crossed  the  plains 
with  their  two  children,  and  located  in  Port- 
land, Oregon;  there  our  subject  received  his 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  began  the 
study  of  photography;  he  has  since  devoted 
himself   to  the    art,   and  has  a  studio   in   the 


793 


BISTORT    Of    WASHINGTON. 


business  ceiiler  of  the  citj  of  Goldeiidale  where 
he  is  prepared  to  do  the  most  artistic  work;  he 
has  been  established  in  this  place  three  years, 
and  in  that  time  has  gained  an  enviable  repu- 
tation. 1 

Seeking  an  investment  for  the  means  be  had 
accumulated,  Mr.  Duvall  purchased  a  tract  of 
160  acres,  forty-live  of  which  are  under  culti- 
vation. In  Marcli,  1892,  he  became  connected 
with  Henry  D.  Yonng  in  the  furniture  and 
undertaking  business;  they  formed  a  partner- 
ship, the  tii'm  name  being  Young  et  DuVall 
Company,  and  have  established  a  large  trade, 
being  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  substantial 
cororpations  of  the  county. 

In  politics  Mr.  DuVall  adheres  Avith  great 
zeal  to  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  has  served  as  clerk  of  the  City  Council,  and 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1890;  he 
was  re-elected  in  1893,  his  administration  being 
characterized  as  just  and  honorable  to  a  high 
degree.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  belongs  to  the  encampment  at  Walla 
Walla. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  at  The  Dalles, 
Oregon,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Worsley,  a 
natives  of  New  Jersey.  They  are  the  parents 
of  three  children:  Claudia  M.,  Clinton  C.  and 
a  daughter  deceased. 


THOMAS  CHRISTOPHER  is  a  native 
of  Norway,  and  was  born  at  Arundal  on 
the  25th  day  of  June,  1833,  his  parents 
being  Christoplier  Charlson  and  Ann 
Helena  (Brunyelson)  Christopher.  His  father 
was  a  seafaring  man  in  his  younger  days. 

When  Thomas  was  ten  years  old  he  went  to 
sea  as  a  cabin  boy  and  followed  a  seafaring  life 
for  nine  years,  making  in  his  vovage  many 
ports  in  Europe  and  America.  He  came  west 
on  the  ship  Rockland  (Captain  Taylor),  sailing 
from  New  York  to  San  Francisco  in  1852.  He 
left  the  ship  and  went  to  the  "Rough  and 
Ready"'  mines,  Nevada  county,  California.  He 
followed  mining  witii  precarious  luck  until 
1858,  when  he  was  attracted  farther  north  by 
the  Fraser  river  excitement.  The  party  started 
on  horseback,  destined  for  the  head  waters  of 
the  Thompson  river,  but  they  fell  in  with 
hostile  Indians  and  were  prevented  from  reach- 
ing that    point.     They    turned   back,    and  our 


subject  located  in  Steilacoonj,  where  he  worked 
for  Mr.  Meeker  in  the  butchering  business.  In 
the  spring  of  1868  he  took  up  a  homestead, 
building  himself  a  log  cabin,  which  stands  there 
to  day  in  close  proximity  to  his  present  hand- 
some home.  He  has  about  300  acres  in  his 
present  home,  and  liegan  raising  hops  in  1886 
on  about  eighteen  acres,  which  he  at  present 
has  under  cultivation  of  that  product. 

Mr.  Christopher  was  married  on  the  16th  of 
February,  1873,  to  Mrs.  Mary  Wold,  a  native 
of  Norway.  They  have  two  children — Elnora 
and  Anna  Helena.  Mrs.  Christopher  had  one 
son,  named  Oscar,  by  a  former  marriage. 

Mr.  Christopher  is  a  Republican  politically. 
He  is  well  known  throughout  the  State  and 
represents  what  is  possible  to  all  men  of  what- 
ever nationality,  who  bring  with  them  to  our 
shores  energy  and  persistent  push.  He  is  the 
owner  of  one  of  the  finest  places  in  King 
county,  Washington,  and  is  respected  by  all 
the  community  in  which  he  lives.  The  station 
and  post  oftice  also  bear  his  name,  Christo- 
pher. 

CHARLES  L.  PIERCE,  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Pierce  Bros.  &  Co.,  which  is  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume,  is  one  of 
the  most  enterprising  citizens  of  Goldeudale, 
Washington.  He  was  born  at  West  Derby, 
Vermont,  December  12,  1851.  When  he  was 
three  years  old  the  family  removed  to  Water- 
loo, Jefferson  county,  Wisconsin,  where  they  re- 
mained two  years,  going  thence  to  Salem,  Rich- 
ardson county,  Nebraska,  and  were  among  the  pio- 
neers of  that  State.  There,  in  the  wild  surround- 
ings of  the  frontier,  our  subject  grew  to  manhood ; 
when  he  arrived  at  the  proper  age  he  began  to 
learn  the  trade  of  a  harness-maker,  and  became 
a  journeyman,  although  he  did  not  long  follow 
this  avocation.  He  then  entered  the  cabinet  shop 
of  his  father,  and  became  thoroughly  familiar 
with  all  the  details  of  the  business.  It  was  in 
1878  that  he  detei'inined  to  seek  his  fortune  be- 
yond the  Rocky  mountains;  he  came  to  Oregon, 
and  stopping  at  Albany  secured  a  position  in 
the  harness  shop  of  Rupert  it  DeBrill.  After- 
ward he  went  to  work  in  the  planing  mill  of 
his  brother,  E.  E.  Pierce,  and  was  employed 
there  with  some  interruption  until  1888.  He 
tlien  went  to  Goldeudale,  Washington,  and  se- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


cured  a  position  in  the  lumber-mill  of  his  bro- 
ther, D.  W.  Pierce.  Having  gained  a  wide  ex- 
perience in  the  business,  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  David  Beckett  in  \\w  sjiringof  1889, 
and  they  bnilt  a  planing-niill  and  sasli  and  door 
factory  at  Goldendale;  tliey  did  a  large  busi- 
ness for  eighteen  months  when  D.  W.  Pierce  & 
Son  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  Beckett,  and 
the  tirm  became  known  as  Pierce  Bros.  &  Co. 
Mr.  Pierce  gives  his  personal  attention  to  tiie 
operation  of  the  mill,  and  superintends  the  busi- 
ness with  entire  satisfaction  to  tlie  other  mem- 
bers of  the  firm. 

At  Salem,  Nebraska,  December  15,  187B,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Anna  Durjea, 
a  native  of  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania;  she 
died  in  January,  1886,  leaving  a  family  or  four 
children:  Charles  Myron,  Arthur,  Mabel  and 
Harlan.  Mr.  Pierce  was  married  a  second  time 
in  1887,  this  union  having  been  with  Miss 
Helen  Kibbey,  a  native  of  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon, and  a  daughter  of  M.  W.  Kibbey,  one  of 
tlie  settlers  of  1852;  they  have  had  three  chil- 
dren: Lester,  De  Los  and  Gladys. 

Mr.  Pierce  is  a  member  of  Goldendale  Lodge 
No.  31,  F.  and  A.  M.  In  politics  he  is  a 
staunch  Eepublican,  and  frequently  attends  the 
county  conventions  of  his  party.  In  the  cam- 
paign p]-eceding  the  election  of  James  A.  Gar- 
field to  the  presidency  he  was  a  member  of  the 
county  central  committee  of  Kliciktat  county, 
and  did  most  efficient  service. 


!f()N.  hp:rbert  sherman  huson. 

Mayor  of  the  city  of  Tacoma,  and  one  of 
the  representative  men  of  the  State  of 
"Washington,  is  a  native  of  Wisconsin, 
tiorn  near  Montello,  in  Marquette  county,  May, 
29,  1853.  His  parents,  Jolin  T.  and  Susan 
(Rathbun)  Huson,  were  natives  of  New  York 
State,  and  Rutland,  Vermont,  respectively. 
The  Huson  family  was  an  old  one,  of  western 
New  York,  its  progenitors  having  settled  near 
Buffalo  about  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  The 
mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  removed, 
with  her  parents,  from  the  State  of  her  birth 
to  that  of  New  Y^ork,  where  she  met  and  mar- 
ried Mr.  Huson.  Her  ancestors  came  from  Eng- 
land, in  the  Mayflower,  to  Massachusetts,  and 
were  among  tlie  founders  of  New  England. 
The  father  of  Mr.  Huson,  of  this  notice,  was  a 


wheelright  by  occupation,  who  went  with  his 
family  to  "Wisconsin,  in  1843,  settling  in  Keno- 
sha, where  he  engaged  in  liis  business.  He 
later  moved  to  Montello,  wlience,  about  1856, 
he  went  to  La  Crosse  valley,  and  began  farm- 
ion.  In  1868  he  removed  to  Missouri,  and  in 
1889,  to  the  far  west  of  Washington,  settling 
at  South  Bend.  He  lost  his  devoted  wife  at 
Pratt,  Kansas,  her  death  being  greatly  mourned 
by  all  who  knew  her  and  appreciated  her  many 
estimable  Christian  virtues. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  to  the 
age  of  sixteen  in  La  Crosse  valley,  Wisconsin, 
and  there  began  his  education.  This  instruc- 
tion was  continued  at  Iowa  college,  in  Grin- 
nell,  where  he  graduated  in  the  classical  course 
in  1877.  He  taught  school  a  year  at  Brecken- 
ridge,  Missouri,  and  afterward  accepted  a  posi- 
tion in  the  office  of  the  Central  Law  Journal, 
at  St.  Lonis. 

Leaving  this  position,  he  began  a  career  in 
railroading  and  railroad  building,  in  which  he 
attained  prominence  and  achieved  success.  He 
commenced  as  a  worker  in  an  engineering  party 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  railway,  in  1879.  In  the 
following  year  he  went  with  the  Denver  and 
Rio  Grande  railway,  then  being  built  in  Colo- 
rado, aTid,  in  1881,  became  Assistant  Chief  En- 
gineer of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  AVestern, 
with  headquarters  at  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1882, 
he  was  Locating  Engineer  on  the  Canadian 
Pactic  railway,  in  which  capacity  he  conducted 
the  first  survey  of  the  Kicking-Horse  Pass.  He 
came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1883,  and  soon 
afterward  secured  employment  with  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Itailway,  in  the  position  of  Assistant 
Engineer,  in  charge  of  the  line  from  Pasco  to 
the  summit  ot  the  mountains.  On  the  resigna- 
tion of  Engineer  Bogue,  in  December,  1886, 
he  was  made  Assistant  Principal  Engineer  of 
the  west  end  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  in  which 
capacity  lie  completed  the  Cascade  Division,  in- 
cluding the  switch-back  and  tunnel.  He  plan- 
ned and  constructed  all  the  branch  lines  in 
Idaho  and  Washington,  and  also  the  Bitter 
Root  Valley  road,  in  the  Missoula  valley.  These 
0])eration8  required  his  time  and  attention  until 
March  1,  1891,  liis  lieadquarters  during  that 
time  being  at  Tacoma.  On  the  last  date  men- 
tioned, he  resigned  his  position  with  the  rail- 
road company,  and,  laying  aside  its  arduous 
duties,  spent  a  year  in  travel.  On  his  return  he 
was  nominated,  in  the  spring  of  1892,  by  the 
Republican   city  convention,    to   the    office    of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mayor  of  Tacoma,  aud,  at  the  ensuing  election, 
was  chosen,  by  a  large  majority,  as  chief  execu- 
tive of  his  favorite  city.  In  this  capacity  he 
has  instituted  needed  reforms,  and  intiised  en- 
ergy and  prosperity  into  the  municipal  govern- 
ment. 

Mr.  Huson  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Northern  Land  and  Development  Company, 
and  planned  the  railroad  to  South  Bend  (where 
this  company  has  extensive  interests)  and  also 
the  road  to  Gray's  Harbor. 

Since  1890  Mr.  Huson  has  been  extensively 
engaged  in  irrigation  enterprises.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Yakima  Irrigation  and  Improvement 
Company,  which  owns  22,000  acres  in  Yakima 
county  and  has  a  vast  canal,  practically  com- 
pleted, which  covers  nearly  all  the  land,  their 
developments  having  cost  about  ^350,000.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Citizenfa'  Na- 
tional  Bank,  of  Tacoma,  in  which  he  has  been 
Vice-President  since  its  inception.  He  is  also 
a  director  in  the  First  JSIational  Bank,  of  South 
Bend,  of  which  he  -was  one  of  the  organizers. 
In  fact,  there  are  but  few  successful  enterprises 
in  the  vicinity  whicli  have  not  felt  the  impelling 
force  of  his  progressive  disposition  and  able 
services,  and  he  deserves  and  enjoys  the  best 
wishes  of  a    large  community. 

March  1,  1892,  Mr.  Huson  was  married  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  to  Miss  Lavinia  Wharley,  an 
intelligent  and  accomjjlished  lady,  a  native  of 
Oregon,  and  belonging  to  an  old  and  iniluential 
family. 

It  is  to  such  men  as  Mr.  Huson  that  "Washing- 
ton owes  her  proud  position  among  the  sister 
States;  the  energy  of  her  inhabitants  liaving 
placed  the  flag  of  success  on  the  ramparts  of 
prosperity. 


N^^ 


P)HILIP  CARWELL,  who  has  been  prom- 
inently identified  with  the  industrial  de- 
velopment of  Klickitat  county,  is  the 
subject  of  the  following  biographical 
sketch.  He  was  born  in  that  portion  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  now  included  in  Mon- 
tour county,  I'ebruary  11,  1830,  a  son  of  John 
and  Rosa(Trainor)  Carwell,  natives  of  Ireland. 
He  was  reared  at  Danville  in  his  native  county, 
and  there  learned  the  trade  of  carriage-making 
with  George  Crist.  In  1849  he  drifted  with 
the  westward  tide  of  eniigration  as   far  as   Ill- 


inois, and  remained  at  Ellisville,  Fulton  county, 
until  the  following  year.  In  1850  he  again  set 
his  face  toward  the  setting  sun;  in  company 
with  eight  young  men  he  left  Ellisville  Ajiril 
1,  and  journeying  via  tlie  Fort  Laramie  route 
and  Carson  he  arrived  at  Placerville  the  latter 
part  of  August.  He  engaged  in  mining  within 
eight  or  ten  miles  of  this  point,  but  at  the  end 
of  a  month  went  to  Sacramento;  thence  he  re- 
turned to  Placerville  and  when  the  Indians  be- 
came troublesome  in  the  fall  joined  600  other 
volunteers  under  Colonel  Bill  Rogers,  and 
served  in  the  following  camjjaign.  Then  came 
a  period  in  which  he  was  engaged  in  ranching 
on  the  Sacramento  river,  and  afterward  did 
teaming  from  the  city  of  Sacramento  to  many  of 
the  mining  camps.  In  1854  he  went  to  Stock- 
ton, and  there  entered  the  employ  of  John  Fair- 
banks, working  at  his  old  trade;  four  years  later 
he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  and  thence  to  San 
Joaquin  county;  Portland,  Oregon,  Mas  the 
next  place  of  abode,  and  there  he  remained  from 
the  autumn  until  the  following  May,  when  he 
went  to  Salem.  On  March  16,  1868,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  First  ()regon  Cavalry, 
with  the  expectation  of  being  sent  East;  in  this, 
however,  he  was  disappointed,  being  placed  in 
service  between  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and  Fort 
Hall,  against  the  Indians.  He  was  mustered 
out  March  16,  1866. 

Peace  having  been  declared,  Mr.  Carwell 
went  to  Oakland,  Oregon,  and  there  went  to 
work  at  his  trade.  In  1873  he  went  to  Gardiner, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua,  and  there  was 
employed  in  a  large  sawmill  for  a  period  of  two 
years.  Coming  to  AYashington  in  the  fall  of 
1875,  he  took  up  a  ranch  in  Clarke  county,  on 
which  he  lived  three  years  and  a  half.  He  then 
di.-posed  of  this  property  and  went  to  Golden- 
dale,  Klickitat  county,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided ;  the  town  was  then  in  its  infancy,  and 
Mr.  Carwell  has  contributed  to  its  rapid  growth 
and  development.  In  1880  he  embarked  in 
business  for  himself,  and  in  connection  with  a 
general  blacksmithing  he  carries  on  an  exten- 
sive manufacture  of  carriages  and  wagons,  his 
trade  i-eaching  over  a  wide  territory.  He  has 
only  first-class  material  and  employs  skilled 
workmen  in  his  shop,  two  facts  that  have  con- 
tributed largely  to  his  success.  His  dealing  has 
always  been  fair  and  honorable,  and  he  has 
proven  worthy  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  him. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  at  Oakland,  Ore- 
gon,  March,  16,   1868,  to    Miss    Nancy   Jane 


HISTORY    OF     WMHINGTON. 


Marshall,  a  native  of  the  Hoosier  State.  Mr. 
Carwell  is  a  member  of  Baker  Post,  No.  20,  G. 
A.  R.,  and  also  belongs  to  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. In  politics  he  adheres  to  the  principles 
of  the  Eepublican  party,  giving  to  that  organi- 
zation his  perfect  allegiance. 

d I  AMES  A.  GALLOWAY,  a  retired  farmer 
living  in  Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  has 
been  a  resident  of  the  IS'orthwest  for  many 
years,  and  has  experienced  the  various  hard- 
ships and  privations  incident  to  pioneer  life  and 
is  now  comfortably  situated,  enjoying  the  fruits 
of  his  years  of  toil. 

James  A.  Galloway  was  born  in  Owen  coun- 
ty, Indiana,  in  1826,  and  when  he  was  twenty- 
three  years  of  age  emigrated  to  Multnomah 
county,  Oregon.  Three  months  later  he  went 
to  Portland,  and  after  remaining  in  that  city  one 
year  took  up  his  abode  in  Oak  Point.  Two 
years  later  he  went  to  Beaver  valley,  remained 
there  three  years,  and  then  settled  on  Cowlitz 
prairie,  Lewis  county,  Washington.  After  a 
residence  ot  nine  years  at  that  place,  he  moved 
to  Cowlitz  county,  where  he  has  since  lived  and 
prospered.  Of  Mrs.  Galloway,  we  record  that 
her  maiden  name  was  Catherine  Devalt,  that  she 
was  born  in  Tennessee  iu  1831,  and  that  she 
moved  with  her  [larents  to  Monroe  county,  In- 
diana, when  she  was  nine  years  old.  She  and 
Mr.  Galloway  were  married  in  1840,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  tive  children,  John  E.,  Mar- 
garet J.,  Barlow,  Mary  J.,  Leroy  and  Mrs.  Alice 
Bodine. 

"     -        ■'•^"l"'^"^"      '■     "^ 

TfENRY  L.  VOTAW,  Tacoma,  was  born 
I  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  near  Salem,  Henry 
'  county,  October  28,  1849,  son  of  Jona- 
than and  Jane  B.  (Lewelling)  Yotaw. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  went 
from  Wayne  county,  in  that  State,  to  Iowa  in 
1842,  and  in  1847  located  in  Henry  county, 
among  the  early  settlers,  and  followed  fai'ining 
theie. 

Henry  L.  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  near 
Salem.  He  wa.s  educated  in  the  district  schools 
of  the  neighborhood  and  at  Wliittier's  College, 
Salem.     lie  was  inarried  there,  September  21, 


1871,  and  after  his  marriage  located  on  a  farm 
near  Salem,  where  he  was  engaged  principally 
in  stock-raising  until  1878.  He  then  entered 
the  law  department  of  the  Iowa  State  Univers- 
ity, Iowa  City,  and  there  remained  until  his 
graduation  in  1879.  His  diploma  from  that 
institution  admitted  him  to  the  highest  courts 
of  the  State,  and  he  began  practice  at  Mount 
Pleasant,  the  county  seat  of  Henry  county,  where 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  J.  Jeffries, 
who,  one  year  later,  was  elected  Circuit  Judge. 
Mr.  Votaw  then  removed  to  Clarion,  Iowa, 
where  he  was  engaged  iu  practice  and  dealing 
in  real-estate  for  three  years.  After  this  he 
bought  a  half  interest  in  the  bank  at  Salem,  and 
became  its  vice-president.  In  1884  he  disposed 
of  his  interests  there  and  came  to  Tacoma,  where 
he  embarked  in  the  real-estate  business;  a  little 
less  than  two  years  later  he  went  back  to  Iowa, 
and  at  Marshalltown  dealt  in  real-estate  and 
also  carried  on  an  insurance  business,  remaining 
there  until  1891.  He  then  returned  to  Tacoma 
and  has  since  been  identified  Avith  its  interests, 
being  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
as  well  as  doing  a  real  estate  and  insurance 
business.  Since  August  1,  1892,  he  has  been 
associated  in  his  law  practice  with  Judge 
Charles  L.  Lytle,  the  style  of  the  firm  l)eing 
Lytle  it  Votaw. 

Politically,  Mr.  Yotaw  is  a  Republican,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  m  the  organization  and 
convention  work  of  his  party.  He  was  twice 
elected  rlustice  of  the  Peace,  while  a  resident  of 
Marshalltown,  Iowa,  and  resigned  that  office, 
while  officiating  in  his  second  term,  to  return 
to  Tacoma.  He  is  a  member  of  the  following 
fraternal  organizations:  Iowa  Yalley  Lodge, 
Xo.  486,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Marshalltown,  Iowa; 
Signet  Chapter,  A^o.  27,  R.  A.  M.,  Marshall- 
town,;  and  of  Tacoma  Commandery,  Knights 
Templar,  Tacoma. 

Of  Mr.  Votaw's  family  we  record  that  his 
wife  was  formerly  Miss  Anna  J.  Cammack,  and 
that  she  is  a  native  of  Henry  county,  Iowa. 
They  have  five  children:  Delia  May,  Myrtle, 
Jessie  M.,  Ralph  C,  and  Clifibrd  H. ' 


m2^^?m/^^ 


B: 


R.  JOHNSON  ARMSTRONG,  one  of 
the  leading  physicians  of  Tacoma,  was 
born  at  Beallsville,  Monroe  county,  (^hio, 
6,    1858,    son   of    Henry  and     Margaret 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


(Adams)  Armstrong,  the  former  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  latter  of  Virginia,  al- 
though reared  in  Ohio. 

Until  lie  was  eleven  years  old  he  lived  at 
Eeallsville,  and  in  1864  he  accompanied  his 
parents  on  their  removal  to  Fairfield,  Iowa, 
where  his  literary  education  was  received.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  in  tlie  office  of  Dr. 
R.  J.  Mohr,  of  Fairfield,  in  1875,  and  in  1878 
entered  Rusii  Medical  College,  Chicago,  where 
he  graduated  with  the  class  of  IS 80.  He  en- 
tered upon  his  professional  career  at  Orleans, 
Nebraska,  and  after  a  practice  of  two  years  and 
two  months  at  that  place  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  arriving  in  Washington  Territory,  July 
16,  1882,  and  at  Tocoma  August  26,  of  that 
same  year.  The  other  members  of  the  profes- 
sion tlien  practicing  in  Tacoma  were  Drs.  Mc- 
Coy, Bostwick,  Verchow,  Glasscock  and  Ash- 
more,  of  whom  all  except  one  are  either  gone 
out  of  tlie  city  or  retired  from  practice;  so  that 
Dr.  Armstrong  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  his  profession. 

He  was  a  member  of  tlie  old  Pnget  Sound 
Medical  Society,  which  has  since  been  reorgan- 
ized into  the  State  Medical  Society.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
Pierce  county,  of  which  he  has  been  vice-presi- 
dent. 

Dr.  Armstrong  was  married  in  Tacoma,  May 
5,  1891,  to  Miss  Minnie  Humphreys,  a  native 
of  Illinois. 


EOllGE  H.  RYAN,  was  born  near  Friend- 
I  ship,  Allegany  county.  New  York,  July 
31,  1848.  His  parents  were  Henry  K. 
^  and  Abbie  G.  (Gasley);  the  former  was 
a  native  of  New  Ipswich,  New  Hampshire,  his 
father  being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  there; 
the  latter  was  born  near  Seneca  Falls,  New 
York,  her  people  being  an  old  New  York  family 
of  English  extraction.  His  father  removed  in 
1852  to  Portage  City,  Wisconsin,  and  from 
there  one  year  later  to  Bangor,  at  that  time  be- 
ing a  pioneer  in  this  section.  He  established 
himself  in  the  furniture  business,  and  now  re- 
sides near  that  place  on  a  farm.  He  was 
seventy-five  years  old  in  1893.  His  mother  was 
sixty-tive  years  old. 

Mr.  Ryan  was  reared  and  educated  at  Bangor 
and  then  entered  the  funiiture  manufacturing 


business  with  his  father.  Two  years  later  he 
went  to  Duluth,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  engaged 
in  lumbering  manufacturing,  as  manager  for 
Munger  &  Gray,  who  had  two  large  mills.  In 
1872  after  studying  closely  the  tendency  of  the 
time  he  decided  to  emigrant  farther  west,  so  re- 
moved to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  by  way  of 
Kalama  and  Olympia,  he  reached  his  first  stop- 
ping place  in  tlie  State  of  Washington,  Port 
Gamble,  where  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Pnget  Mill  Company,  as  keeper  and  tallyman 
for  two  years;  but,  meanwhile  he  bought  forty 
acres  and  began  improving  it.  He  set  out 
twelve  acres  in  hops,  which  land  lie  is  at  present 
devoting  to  that  purpose.  After  two  years  at 
Port  Gamble  he  removed  to  Tacoma  and  has 
resided  there  since. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  on  May  18, 
1875,  to  Miss  Lucy  V.  Wood,  daughter  of  Lewis 
D.  and  Lucy  V.  (Church)  Wood.  Her  father 
and  mother  were  of  New  Jersey  pioneer  fam- 
ilies. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ryan  have  five  children, 
viz.:  Henry  R.,  Lewis  D.,  Edith  E.,  Charles  A. 
and  Warren  P. 

Mr.  Ryan  has  been  a  Republican  all  his  life 
and  attended  the  general  convention  in  1892 
tiiat  chose  the  delegation  to  the  Minneapolis 
convention.  He  was  the  first  Mayor  of  Sum- 
ner, holding  that  office  in  1891,  was  president 
of  the  School  Board  for  six  years  and  during  his 
term  the  present  school  building  was  con- 
structed, which  £ompleted  will  cost  $22,000.00. 


B.  DODGE,  one  of  the  most  thriving 
farmers  in  western  Washington,  near 
Olympia,  and  an  early  pioneer  of  the 
State,  was  born  near  Springboro,  Penn- 
sylvania. His  parents,  John  and  Sarah  (Ives) 
Dodge,  were  natives  of  New  York  State  and 
Connecticut,  resjiectively,  the  former  a  mason 
by  trade,  at  which  he  worked  all  through  life. 
AThen  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  thirteen 
years  of  age,  his  parents  joined  the  westward 
bound  tide  of  emigration,  removing  from  the 
Keystone  State,  to  Stark  county,  Illinois,  near 
Toulon,  where  the  father  continued  to  work  at 
his  trade.  Much  to  the  son's  gratification,  how- 
ever, he  was  allowed  to  work  on  a  farm,  in 
which  occupation  he  was  employed  for  eight 
years.  It  had  always  been  his  ambition,  from 
early  boyhood,  to  become  a  farmer  and  own  land 
on  a  large  scale;  thus  it  was  that  at  the  age  of 


HTSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


twenty-two,  he  concluded  to  go  West,  where 
land  was  plentiful,  and  secure  for  himself  a 
farm. 

Accordingly,  in  1853,  he  prevailed  on  liis 
father  and  family  to  accompany  him  in  his  trip 
across    the    plains.      They    endured    the    u.sual 


lardsl 


and   inconveniences    of    those    earl 


tin:e8,  but  finally  arrived  safely  in  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  in  October,  1853.  Here  the 
father  and  the  rest  of  the  family  remained,  but 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  not  being  yet  satis- 
fied, pushed  on  up  the  rivers  in  canoes,  across 
unbroken  country,  cutting  trails,  fording  creeks, 
etc.,  until  in  November,  1853,  he  arrived  in 
Olympia,  AVashington.  Hearing  of  good  farm- 
ing land  not  far  south  of  the  city,  he  lost  no 
time  in  looking  it  up  and  found  a  satisfactory 
location  in  Black  river  valley.  Here  he  took 
a  donation  claim  of  160  acres,  and  by  the  time 
of  the  outbreak  of  the  Indians  war,  in  1855, 
had  the  greater  portion  of  his  land  under  culti- 
vation. During  the  troublous  times  which  fol- 
lowed, he  did  not  leave  his  claim  and  seek  safety 
in  a  fort,  as  many  did,  but  remained  at  home 
and  was  not  molested.  He  has  since  added 
many  more  acres  to  his  original  tract  of  land, 
and  after  years  of  toil,  has  to-dayjone  of  the  larg- 
est and  best  farms  in  western  Washington. 
He  has  400  acres  in  shape  for  cultivation  and 
2,300  acres  in  meadow  and  grazing  land,  well 
stocked  with  cattle  and  sheep.  He  owns  one 
of  the  largest  barns  in  western  Washington,  it 
l)eing  250  feet  in  length  and  proportionately 
large  otherwise.  IHs  opinion  as  to  the  adapt- 
ability of  grain,  cei-eals,  etc.,  to  various  soils  and 
localities  may  be  accepted  as  the  best  authority. 
Born  with  a  natural  love  for  his  occupation,  all 
his  study  and  experience  has  been  along  the  line 
of  improvement  in  his  favorite  work,  until  he 
has  now  reached  that  point  of  attainment  in  all 
its  details  justly  de8iu;nated  as  perfection. 

In  1863,  Mr.  Dodge  was  tirst  married,  to 
Mary  E.  Shaser,  daughter  of  George  and  Mar- 
garet (Fackwood)  Shaser,  prominent  and  worthy 
pioneers  of  Washington.  By  this  marriage 
there  were  two  children:  F.  I.;  and  Margaret  P., 
now  Mrs.  VanVleet.  In  1875,  Mr.  Dodge  was 
deprived  by  death  of  his  faithful  wife,  whose 
advice  and  assistance  had  contributed  much  to 
his  prosperity.  In  1878,  he  was  again  married, 
his  second  wife  being  Ada  L.  Marcv,  an  esti- 
mable lady,  daughter  of  Bradley  and  Mary  J. 
(Proseus)  Marcy,  also  worthy  pioneers  of  Wash- 
ington.    By   this    marriage    there    are    seven 


children:  Orval,  Olive,  Grace,  Sophronia,  Mary, 
Belle  and  Bradley. 

Few  men  are  more  justly  entitled  than  Mr. 
Dodge  to  the  esteem  of  a  community  whose 
interests  he  had  aided  l)y  his  energetic  and  in- 
telligent efforts  in  the  development  of  the 
country. 


dJAMES  WORK  REEDEll,  M.  D.,  is  one 
I  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Goldendale,  and 
—  one  of  the  foremost  members  of  the  medi- 
cal profession  in  Klickitat  county.  Washington. 
He  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  born  at 
Minonk,  Woodford  county,  September  18, 1846. 
His  parents  are  Thomas  B.  and  Elizabeth 
(Work)  Reeder,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, respectively;  the  father  is  of  French  ex- 
traction, and  the  mother  is  of  Scotch- Irish  des- 
cent. The  Doctor  was  reared  in  the  county  of 
his  birth,  and  secured  his  literary  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  Minonk;  he  began  his 
niedical  studies  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  A. 
II.  Kiiineai-,  of  Metamora,  Illinois,  and  when  he 
had  made  snthcient  prepai-ation  he  entered  Rush 
Medical  College,  from  which  institution  he  was 
graduated  with  the  class  of  1870.  He  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Reading,  La 
Salle  county,  Illinois;  one  year  later  he  was 
married  and  removed  to  Bellevue,  Kansas,  thirty 
miles  from  Topeka;  after  a  few  months,  how- 
ever, he  returned  to  Illinois,  and  establisJied 
himself  in  the  new  town  of  Dana,  AVoodford 
county;  he  was  very  successful  in  his  practice 
and  won  a  large  patronage. 

The  tide  of  emigration  ever  moving  to  the 
west,  proved  a  suggestion  to  Dr.  Reeder,  and  he 
determined  to  try  his  fortune  beyond  the  Rocky 
mountains.  He  removed  to  Idaho,  and  settled 
at  Moscow,  where  he  remained  teti  years.  Com- 
ing to  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  he  was  there  one  year, 
emigrating  at  the  end  of  twelve  months  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  He  settled  in  Goldendale,  Klicki- 
tat county,  AVashington,  and  has  conducted  a 
prosperous  and  successfiil  practice  since  No- 
vember, 1888. 

He  was  married  at  Minonk,  Illinois,  Septem- 
ber 12,  1870,  to  Miss  Sarah  Emeline  Davison, 
of  Illinois.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
them:  Nellie  Letitia  and  Thomas  Scott  are  de- 
ceased; a  daughter,  (iertrude  Faircliild,  sur- 
vives.     Dr.  Reeder  is  clerk  of  the  local    lodge 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  Modern  Woodmen  of  the  World,  and  is  Ke- 
corder  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  lodge  at  Goldeudale. 
He  is  the  present  Health  Officer  of  (^oldendale, 
and  is  serving  with  marked  ability.  Politically 
he  adheres  to  the  principles  of  the  Eepublican 
jiarty. 

JiOUN  P.  HAYS,  a  pioneer  of  Olympia, 
I  Washington,  and  one  of  that  city's  most 
prominent  and  respected  residents,  was 
born  in  Pulaski  county,  Kentucky,  June  26, 
1833.  His  parents  were  Charles  and  Catharine 
(Prather)  Hays,  the  former  a  native  of  the  same 
place  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  This  worthy 
couple  had  live  children,  when  the  mother  died. 
The  father  subsequently  remarried,  his  second 
wife  being  Betsy  Bailey,  and  they  had  six  chil- 
dren. In  1839  the  parents  removed  with  their 
children  from  Kentucky  to  Saline  county,  Mis- 
souri, where  the  father  extensively  engaged  in 
farming.  He  was  thus  employed  until  his  death 
by  cholera  in  1849,  leaving  his  family  and  a 
large  circle  of  friends  to  mourn  his  loss. 

Thus  early  bereaved,  and  being  one  of  a  large 
family,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  thrown  on 
his  own  resources.  Accordingly,  in  the  follow- 
ing year  of  1850,  having  heard  of  the  gold  ex- 
citement in  California,  he  started  with  bright 
hopes  for  the  far  West,  his  destination  being 
Sacramento.  He  stopped  about  forty  miles  east 
of  that  place,  however,  at  a  point  on  the  Ameri- 
can river,  wdiere  he  was  engaged  in  mining  one 
year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  returned  to 
Saline  county,  Missouri.  He  remained  at  home 
but  a  short  time,  however,  but  bought  stock 
and  started  for  Texas  the  lastof  December,  1857, 
with  a  drove  of  cattle  and  mules.  In  the  Red 
]-iver  country  he  sold  the  stock  and  proceeded 
south  to  Alexander,  Erath  county,  and  thence  to 
Galveston,  whence  he  went  by  boat  across  the 
Gulf  to  New  Orleans,  and  on  boat  up  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Missouri  rivers,  back  to  Saline 
county,  Missouri,  which  point  he  reached  about 
February,  1852. 

April  1,  1852,  he  again  stai-ted  acr(jss  the 
plains  liy  ox  te;iiii,  this  time  coming  to  Port- 
land, ( >reo;(>ii,  where  he  arrived  in  September. 
He  thence  proceeded  to  Milwaukee,  in  the  same 
Territory,  where  he  remained  until  1854,  at 
which  time  he  came  to  Olympia,  Washington, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided,     He  at  first 


worked  in  and  about  town  at  the  lumbering 
business,  and  also  bought  and  sold  land.  From 
that  time  on  he  has  steadily  prospered,  his 
career  affording  a  good  object  lesson  to  all 
young  men  without  means,  but  possessing  the 
equivalent  in  health,  energy  and  intelligence. 
Mr.  Hays  now  owns  a  valuable  farm  near 
Olympia,  of  which  he  has  about  seventy  acres 
under  an  excellent  state  of  cultivation,  also  a 
large  orchard  of  various  fruits.  He  cleared  this 
land  from  a  dense  forest,  an  undertaking  requir- 
ing a  vast  amount  of  labor  and  patience,  but 
the  fertility  of  the  soil  has  amply  rewarded  his 
efforts  in  its  great  productiveness.  He  also 
raised  hops  for  several  years,  but  owing  to  the 
difficulties  connected  with  this  industry,  he 
plowed  them  up  and  cultivates  hay  instead. 
He  has  been  engaged  in  the  dairy  business  for 
the  past  ten  years,  which  has  resulted  profit- 
ably. 

In  1855  Mr.  Hays  was  married  to  Miss  Car- 
olina Scott  of  Thurston  county,  who  came  across 
the  plains  to  Washington  with  her  fatlier,  John 
Scott,  in  an  early  day.  Her  father  has  since 
died,  but  is  well  remembered  as  a  stirring 
pioneer  and  able  citizen.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hays 
have  four  living  children:  Charles  P.,  unmar- 
ried; William  T.,  married  and  living  in  Thurs- 
ton county;  Nellie  F.  Folsom,  residing  in 
Everett,  Washington;  and  Sadie,  now  Mrs.  Ira 
Kiieeland,  of  Tacoma. 

Many  positimis  of  public  trust  have  been 
offered  Mr.  Hays,  all  of  which  he  has  declined, 
preferring  the  free  life  of  a  farmer  to  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  office.  He  is  an  Odd  Fellow 
of  Olympia  Lodge  No.  1.  In  the  various  rela- 
tions of  life,  he  has  always  been  characterized 
by  unvarying  integrity,  consideration  for  the 
rights  of  others,  liberality  of  thought  and  gener- 
osity of  action,  and  enjoys  a  high  position  in  the 
regard  of  his  fellow  men. 


TfJl   J.   CAMERON,    a  successful    farmer  of 
|p||    Thurston    county,  Washington,   residing 
I     ll    near  Tumwater,  is   an    old    pioneer  and 
•^  and  widely  and  favorably  known    in   his 

locality.  He  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ten- 
nessee, in  1831,  where  his  parents,  James  and 
Sarah  (Hughes)  Cameron,  died,  the  former 
in  1832,  ao-ed  fifty,  and  the  latter  when  about 
the  same  age, 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


799 


The  life  of  Mr.  Cameron  lias  been  one  of  great 
change,  his  travels  extending  over  most  of  the 
Northwest.  This  commenced  at  Hillsborough, 
Illinois,  whence  he  journeyed  to  St.  Joe,  Mis- 
souri, reaching  the  latter  place,  April  9,  1852. 
From  there  he  crossed  the  plains,  finally  arriv- 
ing at  Oregon  City,  Oregon,  where  he  remained 
one  month.  From  there  he  came  for  the  iirst 
time  to  Tumwater,  Washington,  whence  he  re- 
turned, in  1856,  to  Fort  Stevenson  on  the  Mis- 
souri river,  where  he  remained  five  days.  lie 
then  returned  to  the  Dalles,  in  Oregon,  staying 
there  a  week,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  once 
more  retraced  his  steps  to  Tumwater,  from  which 
place  he  has  never  seemed  able  to  go  very  far 
or  remain  away  a  great  length  of  time.  He 
now  entered  the  Government  service  as  a  private 
in  Company  B,  doing  duty  about  six  months, 
tirst  under  Captain  Hays  and  afterward  under 
Captain  Heniss.  Mr.  Cameron  crossed  the 
Natchez  Pass  twice  in  1855,  and  in  1857  went 
to  California,  where  he  remained  about  a  year, 
returning  in  1858,  to  Tumwater.  In  the  same 
year,  he  went  to  Idaho,  and  from  there  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah,  returning  thence  to  The  Dalles, 
and  from  there  to  Portland,  Oregon's  metropolis, 
and  back  again  to  Tumwater.  arriving  in  the 
latter  place  in  1860.  He  remained  there  two 
years,  and  then,  in  1862,  visited  Victoria,  Bri- 
tish Columbia,  going  from  there  to  Frazer  river, 
and  thence  to  the  mining  region,  whence  he 
once  more  returned  to  Tumwater,  arriving  at 
the  latter  place  October  30th.  In  November  of 
the  same  year  he  went  to  Mound  prairie,  on  the 
Black  river,  where  he  took  a  claim,  and  has 
resided  ever  since. 

His  wife's  maiden  name  was  Catherine  Sim- 
mons, whose  uncle,  Michael  Simmons,  was  the 
original  owner  of  the  land,  and  the  founder  of 
the  city  now  known  as  Tumwater.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cameron  have  two  children,  twin  boys: 
James  and  Harvey,  twelve  years  of  age,  who  bid 
fair  to  develop  into  sturdy,  intelligent  young 
men,  a  credit  to  their  parents  and  to  the  great 
State,  in  which  they  were  born. 


'(i.':i)tf 


If^  C.  MEADE,  one  of  the  successful  busi- 
Ij  ness  men  of  Pierce  county,  Washington, 
i^^  was  born  at  Litchfield,  Herkimer  county. 
New  Yoi-k,  in  1837,  a  son  of  John  Meade,  who 
was  of  English  descent.     His    father   being  a 


farmer,  he  was  reared  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
His  education  was  received  in  the  schools  of 
Litchfield.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  left 
the  scenes  of  his  childhood  and  went  to  Peters- 
burg, Virginia,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
for  about  seven  years.  At  that  time  he  came 
out  West  to  California,  and  for  about  four 
months  was  at  Gold  Hill,  that  State.  Then  he 
to  Washo,  (now  known  as  Virginia  City),  Ne- 
vada. He  remained  there  only  a  short  time, 
however,  when  he  went  back  to  California,  and 
made  his  home  there  until  January,  1862,  when 
he  came  to  Washington,  or  rather  to  Puget 
Sound.  At  that  time  he  pre-empted  a  claim  of 
eighty-four  acres  of  land,  located  between  the 
Puyallup  and  Stuck  rivers.  Subsequently  he 
bought  eighty  acres  and  engaged  in  farraiiig 
and  hop  raising  with  his  brother-in-law,  L.  F. 
Thompson,  with  whom  he  was  associated  nine- 
teen years.  At  this  writing  he  is  alone  in  busi- 
ness. 

Mr.  Meade  married  Miss  Louisa  F.  Kinkade, 
a  daughter  of  W.  M.  Kinkade,  a  farmer.  The 
Kinkades  are  of  Scotch  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Meade  have  two  children. 

Mr.  Meade  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fi'a- 
ternity,  is  an  honorable  and  upright  man,  and 
has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


d|oHN  VALENTINE  MEEKER,  a  prom- 
I  inent  citizen  of  Puyallup  county,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Butler  county,  Ohio,  and  was  born 
July  13,  1824,  a  mile  and  a  half  west  of  Mon- 
roe. His  parents  were  Jacob  II.  and  Phoebe  S. 
(Baker)  Meeker.  The  Meeker  family  is  an  old 
one,  the  American  progenitor  having  arrived  at 
Boston  in  1637,  from  Essex,  England,  probably 
of  Scotch  ancestry.  It  was  at  Boston  that  three 
brotliers,  of  whom  John,  the  direct  ancestor  of 
our  subject,  was  one,  were  born.  In  1638  the 
family  removed  to  Hartford,  and  remained  there 
until  1665,  when  John  and  Joseph  went  to 
Elizabeth,  New  Jersey,  settling  there  as  pion- 
eers. From  this  family  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  of  the  tenth  generation.  Mr.  Meeker's 
father,  Iiorn  near  Elizabeth,  was  reared  in 
Ithaca,  New  York,  and  when  a  young  man  he 
came  to  Ohio,  and  was  married  in  Butler  county, 
that  State,  to  a  lady  who  was  born  in  Maryland, 
of  New  Jersey  parents,  who  were  from  the  same 
neighl)orhood  as  the   Meekers.     Our   subject's 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


great-grandfather  was  of  the  fourth  or  fifth 
generation  from  tiie  foundation  of  the  family  in 
New  England.  In  the  latter  part  of  1837 
Jacob  li.  Meeker  moved  with  his  family  to 
Indiana,  and  four  years  afterward  to  Indian- 
apolis, where  John  Y.  completed  his  education 
at  the  county  seminary. 

He  early  learned  from  his  father  the  trade  of 
miller,  and  followed  it  until  he  was  twenty  years 
of  age,  and  then  taught  school  for  ten  years. 
He  came  to  the  coast  in  the  winter  of  1859, 
leaving  New  York  about  the  lotli  of  October, 
in  the  North  Star  for  Panama.  On  the  way, 
near  the  Bahama  islands,  the  vessel  ran  upon  a 
rock,  and  directly  after  getting  off  of  that  it  ran 
upon  a  reef  at  French  Key,  and  was  confined 
there  a  week.  A  bad  leak  was  caused  by  these 
accidents.  On  the  Pacific  side  Mr.  Meeker 
sailed  in  the  steamer  Cortez,  and  reached  San 
Francisco  within  eighteen  day — a  quick  trip.  A 
few  day  afterward  he  sailed  for  Washington,  and 
reached  Steiiacoom  December  10.  Durino-  the 
next  year,  1860,  he  located  a  claim  in  Puyalinp 
valley,  precisely  where  the  town  now  stands. 
Here  he  lived  and  taugiit  school  until  1870. 

Mr.  Meeker  was  one  of  the  first  to  introduce 
the  hop  industry  into  this  section  of  the  State, 
carrying  the  I'oots  upon  his  back  from  Steiia- 
coom, where  lie  had  obtained  them  of  a  small 
brewer  nanjed  Wood,  to  whom  they  had  been 
sent  from  abroad.  He  sold  his  first  crop  to  tliis 
brewer.  The  place  where  he  planted  this  crop 
is  now  called  Sumner. 

January  14,  184U,  Mr.  Meeker  married  Miss 
Mary  Jane  Pence,  who  was  l^orn  near  German- 
town,  Butler  county.  Ohio,  on  the  road  between 
tiiat  place  and  Middletown.  She  is  a  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Enoch)  Pence.  Her  father 
was  born  in  Viginia,  of  Virginian  parents  who 
were  of  (irerman  ancestry,  and  her  mother  was 
born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  of  Irisli  ancestry, 
her  mother's  maiden  name  being  Holmes. 
When  Mrs.  Meeker  was  three  years  of  age  her 
parents  removed  to  a  point  four  miles  west  of 
Indianapolis,  where  her  marriage  took  place. 
Her  parents  died  in  Indiana.  Mr.  Meeker's 
father  died  in  1869,  and  his  mother  died  on  the 
plains  in  1851,  while  coming  to  the  coast. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meeker  have  reared  five  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom,  Lucy  J.,  married  George 
Marshall,  Octolier  7,  1861,  and  died  February 
6,  1887.  The  living  children  are:  Mary  F', 
wife  of  Clarence  O.  Bean,  of  Tacoma;  Joseph 
Pence;  Harriet    E.,  wife  of  Edward    Uana,  of 


Puyaliup;  Maggie  A.,  now  the  wife  of  Joseph 
Freeman,  of  Puyaliup;  and  May. 

Mr.  Meeker  is  a  member  of  Unity  Lodge, 
No.  18.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  joined  in  1853, 
Dayton  Lodge,  No.  56,  at  Eddyville,  Iowa;  also 
a  member  of  AIki  Encampment,  No.  5,  and  of 
Canton  No.  1,  at  AValla  Walla;  of  Schuyler 
Colfax  Lodge,  Bebekah  degree.  No.  14,  etc.  In 
each  of  these  he  stand  high.  He  has  been 
Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  Grand 
Pati-iarch  of  the  Grand  Canton,  Bepresentative 
to  the  Grand  Council,  etc. 

In  public  life  Mr.  Meeker  has  been  very 
active.  For  many  years  he  was  identified  with 
the  Ke])ublican  party;  served  eight  years  as 
Cou!ity  Surveyor  and  four  years  as  County 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  then  as 
County  Commissioner  for  a  number  of  years; 
was  four  years  Justice  of  the  Peace;  United 
States  Commissioner  for  a  number  of  years,  ap- 
pointed by  the  Supreme  Court;  Notary  Public 
many  years;  was  Deputy  United  States  Sur- 
veyor for  nearly  twenty  ^-ears,  etc.  He  surveyed 
for  the  Government  the  land  where  Tacoma  now 
stands,  when  there  was  nothing  there  liut  weeds 
and  no  one  dreamed  of  a  town. 


DiOUGLASS  MONAGHAN  was  born  at 
Manetton,  Ohio,  on  tlie  30th  day  of 
— '  May,  1862.  His  parents  are  Charles 
and  15arbai'a  (Stephens)  Monaghan,  the  former 
a  native  of  Oiiio,  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  at  his 
native  place,  but  later  entered  the  Hannibal 
University.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  left 
home  and  went  to  Bowling  Green,  where  he 
remained  for  three  years,  and  then  went  to 
Hannibal.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  re- 
moved to  Minnesota,  and  followed  gardening 
for  several  years,  until  in  1889  he  came  to 
Washington.  On  his  arrival  here  he  first 
rented  what  was  then  known  as  the  A.  D. 
Ross  place,  which  had  about  fourteen  acres  in 
hops  and  thirty  acres  in  vegetables  for  market- 
ing. After  two  years  there  he  took  the  place 
where  he  at  present  resides,  and  devoted  all  of 
his  land  to  fruit  and  hojis. 

Mr.  Monaghan  was  married  on  July  14, 
1890,  to  Miss  Maggie  Sweeney,  of  Minneapolis. 
They  have  one  child,  Robert,  born  on  the  1st 
of  May,  1891. 


nibTOltY    OF    WASFIfNOroh*. 


Mr.  Monaghan  is  a  Democrat  politically,  and 
is  active  in  jjolitics.  He  is  one  of  Washing- 
ton's most  progressive  farmers  and  a  man  much 
resjjected  in  his  community. 


H.  STEPWALT  is  a  native  of  Europe  and 
was  born  in  Prussia,  at  Dnsseldorf,  on  the 
13th  of  April,  1828.  He  was  about  fifteen 
years  of  age  when  he  came  to  America,  sailing 
from  Bremen  and  landing  at  New  York.  He 
traveled  throughout  the  States  and  finally  went 
to  San  Francisco,  making  the  journey  across 
the  plains  in  company  of  Dr.  Knox.  He  went 
to  Britisli  Columbia  in  1858,  during  the  Eraser 
river  excitement.  From  there  he  went  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  but  remained  only  a  short 
time  and  then  came  to  AVashington,  working  in 
Walla  Walla  mostly.  From  1875  to  1882"  he 
worked  in  Wallowa  valley  and  in  the  latter  year 
bought  300  acres  of  land,  thirty  of  whi<-h  lie 
has  cleared. 

Mr.  Stepwalt  is  a  member  of  the  Flatwood 
Grange,  No.  00,  and  is  independent  politically. 

His  experience  in  the  early  days  of  the  West 
was  a  thrilling  one.      He  has  had  numerous  en- 


gage 


ments    with  the   Indians,  and,  while 


pros- 


})ecting  in  1883,  had  a  horse  shot  from  under 
liim.  In  1866,  while  mining  on  Smith's 
creek,  Califoi-nia,  with  a  party  of  thirty  men 
in  camp,  there  were  fourteen  of  them  killed 
by  the  Indians,  and  he  himself  escaped  nar- 
rowly, having  his  hat  riddled  with  bullet  holes. 
Mr.  Stepwalt  considers  himself  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  the  country  and  is  rightly  entitled 
to  be  so  called.  He  looks  back  on  the  stormy 
experiences  of  his  past  and  Ijy  the  very  recol- 
lection is  made  to  enjoy  all  the  more  his  pres- 
ent comfortable  old  age. 


J 


1830. 


S.  DOBBINS,  a  well-known  resident  of 
Olympia,  Washington,  was  born  near 
Sparta,     Randolph     county,     Illinois,    in 


His  parents,  John  and  Margaret  Dobbins, 
were  natives  of  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  were 
married  there,  and  about  1820  emigrated 
from  the  Emerald  Isle  to  the  United  States, 
settling    in  Randolph  county,  Illinois,   among 


the  pioneers  of  that  locality.  There  they  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  spent  honorable 
and  industrious  lives,  and  were  respected  by 
all  who  knew  them. 

J.  S.  Dobbins  was  educated  in  his  native 
county.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  trade  of  blacksmith,  served 
four  years  and  a  half,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time  engaged  in  business  for  himself,  opening 
a  shop  at  Sparta,  which  he  conducted  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  1862  he  made  a  trip  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  to  look  after  the  estate  of 
his  deceased  brother,  Crawford  Dobbins,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1849,  who  was  blown  up 
with  the  steamer  Gazelle  while  making  her 
trial  trip.  Returning  to  the  East  in  1863,  Mi'. 
Dobbins  enlisted  for  three  months'  service  in 
Company  K,  142d  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  served  in  the  department  of  Tennessee, 
chiefly  on  guard  duty  in  the  vicinity  of  Mem- 
phis. His  term  of  service  was  extended  to 
six  months,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was 
discharged  and  returneil  to  Sparta. 

Mr.  Dobbins  continued  his  blacksmith  busi- 
ness in  Sparta  until  1869,  when  he  sold  out 
and  came  to  Olympia,  Washington,  where  his 
aunt,  Jane  AVilie,  widow  of  Adam  Wilie,  re- 
sided, and  still  lives,  being  now  eighty  years 
of  age.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilie  came  to  this  coast 
in  1849.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  here,  Mr. 
Dobbins  built  a  two-story  shop,  20x40  feet,  on 
the  corner  of  Third  and  Washington  streets, 
opened  a  general  blacksmith  shop,  and  also 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  light  and  heavy 
wagons,  which  he  continued  up  to  1876.  That 
year  he  sold  out,  and  he  and  his  family  made  a 
trip  East,  visiting  the  Centennial  at  Philadel- 
phia. Returning  to  Olympia  in  the  fall  he 
resumed  business  on  the  old  site,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1877  bought  the  shop  of  Rice  Tilley, 
corner  of  Third  and  Columbia  streets.  He  did 
a  general  blacksmith  business  until  1891,  when 
he  sold  out  and  retired. 

Mr.  Dobbins  was  married  in  Randolph 
county,  Illinois,  in  1857,  to  Miss  Eunice 
Holden,  a  native  of  that  county.  They  have 
two  children — Nettie,  wife  of  Fred  Guyot,  and 
Adelaide. 

Financially  he  may  be  classed  with  the  suc- 
cessful men  of  the  city.  He  has  made  wise  in- 
vestments and  has  accumulated  valuable  real 
estate  hei-e,  and  while  he  has  been  devoted  to 
his  business  interests,  he  has  taken  also  a  com- 
mendable interest  in  public  affairs.     He  served 


Nisrour  OF  Washington. 


one  term  as  Mayor  of  Olympia,  several  terms 
as  a  member  of  the  Council,  and  one  term  as 
County  Commissioner.  In  the  Kepublican 
county  convention  of  August,  1892,  he  was 
nominated  as  Sheriff  of  Thurston  county. 
Socially,  Mr.  Dobbins  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  encampment,  1.  O.  G.  T.,  A.  O.  IT. 
W.,  and  George  H.  Thomas  Post,  G.  A.  R. 

rEEDRICK  ANi.  STEPHEN  SHOBERT. 
Fredrick  Shobert,  the  father  of  Stephen, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1814,  his 
parents  being  John  and  Catherine  (Harmon) 
Shobert.  He  was  married  in  1836,  to  Miss 
Catherine  Mace,  of  Luzerne  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Polly  (Ketner) 
Mace.  They  moved  from  Pennsylvania  to  Illi- 
nois in  1847,  and  in  1849  F.  Shobert  crossed 
the  plains  to  California,  mining  for  gold  until 
the  fall  of  1851,  when  he  returned  to  his  family 
by  the  way  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  New 
York.  In  the  following  spring  he  started  for 
Oregon  with  his  family,  making  the  journey 
across  the  plains  with  ox  teams. 

The  party  crossed  the  Missouri  river  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  Iowa,  and  followed  the  route  via 
Platte  river  and  Fort  Laramie  to  Salmon  Falls, 
on  Snake  river,  from  which  point  the  train  took 
an  entirely  new  route,  crossing  tiie  Snake  river 
at  Salmon  Falls  and  proceeding  to  Fort  Boise. 
This  was  the  origin  of  tliis  route,  which  was 
afterward  followed  by  a  majority  of  the  emi- 
grants. 

They  arrived  in  Portland,  Oregon,  in  Sep- 
tember, and  lived  there  until  the  spring  of 
1853,  when  they  moved  on  to  the  place  where 
Stephen  Shobert  now  resides,  about  twenty 
miles  north  of  Portland,  in  this  State.  The 
place  was  originally  a  donation  claim,  and  con 
sisted  of  a  tract  of  320  acres  of  land,  most  of 
which  was  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  tim- 
ber. This  was  the  principal  reason  that  induced 
Mr.  Shobert  to  select  this  claim,  as  he  could  log 
the  timber  and  roll  it  to  the  water  for  early 
transportation.  With  the  exception  of  a  short 
trip  to  California  in  1855,  Mr.  Shobert  resided 
here  until  his  death,  which  occurred  September 
14,  1873.  He  is  buried  at  Vancouver.  He  was 
a  faitliful  member  and  active  Trustee  of  the 
Methodist  Church  at  Union  Ridge,  now  Ridge- 
field.     He  was  a  Republican  politically.     Mr. 


and  Mrs.  Shobert  had  five  children,  of  whom 
two,  Polly  and  Jacob,  are  deceased.  Those  living 
are  Amanda,  William  Henry  and  Stephen,  the 
subject  of  the  remainder  of  our  sketch. 

Stephen  Shobert  was  born  in  Luzerne  county, 
Pennsylvania,  January  30,  1837,  and  was  ten 
years  old  when  the  family  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  remembers  distincly  the  journey  across 
the  plains  with  its  attendant  incidents,  which 
occurred  when  he  was  fifteen  years  old.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Illinois,  and  pursued  his  studies  after  reaching 
this  section,  at  Vancouver.  He  was  reared  to 
manhood  on  the  home  place,  living  there  con- 
tinuously with  exception  of  the  fall  and  winter 
w'hen  the  hostility  of  the  Indians  compelled  the 
family  to  seek  safety  in  Portland.  In  1861  he 
decided  to  try  his  fortune  in  the  Oro  Fina 
mines,  but  this  venture  was  attended  with  but 
poor  success,  and  in  the  spring  of  1863  he  went 
to  the  Boise  basin,  where  he  mined  for  nearly 
nine  years,  making  and  losing  money  as  the 
luck  went.  Finally,  with  no  prospect  of  per- 
manent success  in  the  business,  he  returned  to 
his  home  in  September  of  1873,  just  a  short 
time  before  his  father's  death,  and  has  remained 
there  since.  He  was  married  there  on  July  4, 
1882,  to  a  widow,  who  had  one  child,  named 
Henry.  Her  maiden  name  was  Miss  Julia  Vin- 
ton. They  have  had  five  children,  of  whom  one 
died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are  Elfie  O.,  Cora 
E.,  Freddie  E.  and  Warren  Roy. 

Mr.  Shobert  is  a  Republican  politically,  and 
was  School  Clerk  from  the  time  of  his  return 
from  Idaho  until  1892,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  also  Postmaster  at  Union  Ridge  (now  Ridge- 
field)  from  1873  until  1886,  when  he  resigned 
in  favor  of  S.  P.  Mackey,  his  successor  in  the 
business  of  general  merchandise,  in  which  he 
had  been  engaged  during  the  eight  years  pre- 
vious. 


]|  ARED  W.  MoIRVIN  was  born  in  Hardin 
^  J  county,  Ohio,  on  June  13,  1885,  and  is  the 
V;^  son  of  Edward  and  Mary  Ellen  (Smith) 
Mclrvin.  When  he  was  one  year  old  the  fam- 
ily removed  to  Putnam  county,  Missouri,  where 
they  lived  until  1860,  when  they  crossed  the 
plains  and  located  at  Walla  Walla,  where  they 
remained  for  three  years,  when  they  removed  to 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  but  in  the  spring  of  1864 


tilSTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


they  went  back  to  Walla  Walla,  where  they  re- 
iiiameJ  one  year.  They  have  located  a  claim  in 
Clarke  county,  on  the  old  battle  ground.  It  was 
there  that  tlie  mother  died,  in  1866. 

Jared  W.  received  his  education  mostly  in 
the  State,  and  worked  at  farming  until  man- 
hood. In  1878  he  was  married.  He  then 
worked  for  awhile  in  Portland,  but  later  leased 
a  farm  in  Clarke  county,  where  he  engaged  in 
cutting  and  shipping  wood  to  Portland.  In 
1884  he  bought  forty  acres  of  land  where  he 
now  resides,  and  where  he  has  lived,  oft'  and  on, 
since  purchasing  it.  He  now  has  one  of  the 
finest  farms  in  Clarke  county,  devoted  to  raising 
of  prunes  and  other  fruits. 

Mrs.  Mclrvia  was  formerly  a  Miss  Ellen 
Powly,  daughter  of  Christian  and  Elizabeth 
(Weigel)  Powly.  Her  parents  were  married  in 
Clarke  county,  where  her  father  took  up  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  320  acres  in  1851,  and  now  re- 
sides there.      Her  mother  died  in  1871. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mclrvin  have  seven  children 
living,  viz.:  Vinnie  Belle,  Anna  Elizaheth,  Ed- 
ward, Jared  Christian,  Alexander  Osevard,  Mar- 
tin Leonard  and  Elmon  Emerson. 

Mr.  Mclrvin  is  a  member  of  Fruit  \'alley 
Grange,  No.  80,  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  stanch  Republican.  He  is  now  a 
prosperous  farmer,  and  one  of  Washington's 
most  respected  rural  citizens.  His  success  is 
due  to  his  own  thrift  and  energy. 

EUGENE  S.  HORTON,  one  of  the  enter- 
prising young  business  men  of  Olynipia, 
1  AVashington,  was  born  in  this  city,   Sep- 
tember 10,  1861. 

His  father,  William  N.  Horton,  was  born  in 
Goshen,  New  York,  in  1831.  Leaving  home 
in  early  manhood,  he  went  to  New  Orleans  and 
engaged  in  work  upon  the  Mississippi  river 
steamboats  and  learned  the  trade  of  engineer, 
running  upon  the  river  until  the  California 
gold  excitement  of  1848.  In  1849  he  joined  the 
tide  of  emigration  that  swept  toward  the  El 
Dorado  of  the  West,  making  the  journey  to  San 
Francisco  via  the  Panama  route.  Instead  of 
going  to  the  mines  he  engaged  in  speculation 
in  the  city,  became  the  owner  of  business  prop- 
erty and  rented  the  same  until  the  great  lire  of 
1852,  when  his  buildings  went  up  in  flame  and 
smoke.     He  then  removed  to  Oregon,   and  for 


several  years  was  engaged  as  engineer  on  the 
river  boats  Fashion  and  Lot  Whitcomb.  In 
the  spring  of  1853  he  was  married  at  the  Cas- 
cades to  Miss  Emma  Hartsock.  In  1855  he 
came  to  Puget  Sound.  That  same  year  he  ac- 
companied Captain  J.  G.  Parker  to  San  Fran- 
cisco and  brought  to  the  Sound  the  propeller 
Traveler,  upon  which  he  was  employed  as  en- 
gineer for  a  number  of  years,  until  he  ulti- 
mately purchased  the  vessel.  In  the  fall  of 
1856  the  steamer  was  lost  off  Foulweather  bluff 
while  under  charter  to  the  Indian  Department. 
About  1867  Mr.  Horton  organized  the  Wash- 
ington Water  Company,  being  associated  with 
Captain  Hale  and  S.  D.  Howe.  The  present 
city  water  system  is  the  outgrowth  of  that 
enterprise.  This  interest  necessitated  the  pro- 
duction of  some  pipe  for  carrying  purposes,  and 
Mr.  Horton  began  the  manufacture  of  wooden 
conduit,  establishing  a  manufactory  at  Tutn- 
water,  and  incorporating  the  Washington  Pipe 
Manufacturing  Company,  which  was  success- 
fully continued  for  a  number  of  years.  He  in- 
vented and  patented  many  appliances  for  the 
improvement  of  wooden  water-conduits.  The 
business  is  now  being  continued  by  the  Puget 
Sound  Pi])e    Co.      Mr.    Horton   died    March   8, 

1887.  He  was  a  man  of  energy,  enterprise  and 
great  will  power,  and  added  materially  to  the 
development  of  his  adopted  city. 

Eugene  S.  Horton  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Olympia,  receiving  practical  training  in  con- 
nection with  his  father's  interests,  and  while 
engaged  in  the  water-works  system  he  learned 
the  trade  of  plumbing.  He  lirst  established  a 
shop  in  1883,  which  he  conducted  al)out  three 
years.  Then  he  accepted  the  position  of  Super- 
intendent and  Manager  of  the  water-works  sys- 
tem, and  held  that  office  until  1880,  when  he 
went  to  Fairhaven  and  opened  a  shop  for  gen- 
eral plumbing  work.  In  1891  he  returned  to 
Olympia  and  opened  a  store  at  316  Fourth 
street  for  the  sale  of  stoves,  tinware  and  pluinb- 
ino-  goods,  with  exj)erienced  workmen  in  every 
department. 

He  was   married   in   Olympia,  September   8, 

1888,  to  Miss  Inez  Baker,  a  native  of  Kentucky 
and  a  daughter  of  Captain  Volney  Baker  of 
the  regular  army.  They  have  three  children: 
Stanley  B.,  Margorie  E.,  and  Hoy. 

Socially,  Mr.  Horton  affiliates  with  the  K.  of 
P.  and  the  B.  P.  O.  E.  He  resides  at  203 
Thirteenth  street,  where  he  built  his  handsome 
home  in  1888.  During  the  same  year  he  platted 


804 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTON. 


ten  acres  on  the  east  side,  bordering  Fourth 
street,  and  added  it  to  the  city  as  Horton's  ad- 
dition. He  also  owns  valuable  improved  busi- 
ness and  residence  property  at  Fairhaven. 
Through  him  is  worthily  continued  the  name 
which  all  learned  to  love  and  respect  dui'ing  the 
life  of  his  honored  father. 

dIOHN  M.  SWAN,  one  of  tlie  earliest  pio- 
I  neers  of  Olympia,  Washington,  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Greenock,  Scotland,  April 
17,  1823.  When  a  child  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  the  island  of  Skye  (one  of  the  Heb- 
rides), on  the  northwest  coast  of  Scotland.  In 
the  year  1837  his  family  removed  to  the  city  of 
Glasgow,  where  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of 
machinist  and  mechanical  engineering,  but  that 
business  being  too  contining  and  not  agreeing 
with  his  health,  was  abandoned  by  him  after  he 
had  served  nearly  a  year  at  it.  He  then  became 
apprenticed  to  Robert  Barklay,  who  carried  on 
the  business  of  shipbuilding  and  repairing  in 
Finniston,  a  suburb  of  Glasgow,  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  river  Clyde.  After  having  served 
the  term  of  his  apprenticeship — live  years — he 
emigrated  to  the  British  provinces  of  North 
America,  taking  passage  on  the  bark  Yorkshire, 
at  Liverpool,  May  17,  1843,  and  after  a  stormy 
passage,  landing  at  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  June 
22.  After  a  stay  of  a  few  days  only  in  the 
town  of  Pictou,  he  went  to  Prince  Edward's 
island,  where  he  followed  his  trade  for  nearly 
two  years.  Leaving  the  island  in  May,  1845, 
he  went  to  Halifax,  and  thence  to  St.  John's, 
New    Brunswick. 

Being  animated  with  a  desire  for  adventure 
and  to  visit  distant  lands,  he  shipped  as  carpen- 
ter on  the  ship  Athol,  then  bound  on  a  whaling 
voyage  to  the  south  seas,  for  a  three  years' 
cruise.  In  January,  1846,  the  ship  rounded 
Cape  Horn  into  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  after 
cruising  for  a  few  months  in  the  south  Pacilic, 
the  ship  went  into  the  port  of  San  Carlos,  in 
tlie  island  of  Chiloe,  adjoining  the  coast  of 
Chili.  Here  circumstances  induced  him  to 
leave  the  ship.  After  a  residence  of  about  live 
months  in  San  Carlos,  he  went  to  Valparaiso 
and  engaged  in  the  service  of  the  South  Pacific 
Mail  Steamship  Company,  being  for  a  short 
time  at  the  company's  headcjuarters  in  the  port 
of  Calao,  Peru.    This  company  had  a  mail  sub- 


sidy from  the  several  republics  along  the  west 
coast  of  South  America,  and  connected  (via  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama)  with  the  mail  packet  line 
from  Southampton  to  the  West  Indies  and 
Chagres.  The  South  Pacific  Mail  Steamship 
Company  route  extended  from  Panama,  in  New 
Granada,  to  Valparaiso,  in  Chili,  and  employed 
four  steamships:  the  Chili  and  Peru,  wooden 
ships,  and  the  Equador  and  New  Granada,  iron 
vessels.  Mr.  Swan  was  soon  transferred  to  the 
position  of  carpenter  on  board  the  steamship 
Equador,  where  he  remained  until  January, 
1849,  when  he  left  the  company's  employ  to 
come  to  California.  He  ari-ived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco in  April  of  that  year,  and  after  remaining 
there  about  two  weeks,  went  to  the  mines,  land- 
ing in  Sullivan's  diggings  on  the  13th  of  May, 
1849.  Having  only  moderate  luck  in  the  mines, 
he  returned  to  San  Francisco  in  September. 
After  a  temporary  sojourn  at  the  latter  place, 
on  the  2d  of  November  he  took  passage  for 
Puget  Sound  on  the  brig  Orbit,  William  Dun- 
ham being  master,  and  had  for  fellow-passen- 
gers W.  U.  Murray,  now  a  resident  of  Pierce 
county,  and  Chaus  '  Hart  Smith,  from  Calais, 
Maine.  They  had  a  good  run  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  Cape  Flattery,  which  was  made  in  eight 
days,  when  tempestuous  weather  drove  them  off 
shore,  and  for  two  weeks  they  were  batiling 
with  the  storm  along  the  coast,  unable  to  enter 
the  strait  of  Fuca.  F^inally,  during  a  tempo- 
rary lull  they  succeeded  in  gaining  Neah  bay, 
where  they  remained  storm  bound  for  three 
weeks  or  more,  when,  being  favored  with  better 
weather,  they  weighed  anchor  and  sailed  for 
Victoria,  a  trading  station  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Couipany,  situated  on  Vancouver  island,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  strait,  aud  distant  from  the 
cape  about  seventy  miles.  They  were  in  Vic 
toria  on  Christmas  day,  1849.  Leaving  Vic- 
toria, they  crossed  the  strait  of  Fuca  toward 
Point  Wilson,  where  they  met  a  storm  which 
drove  them  to  Protection  island,  off  Port  Dis- 
covery. There  they  made  anchor  and  remained 
two  days  until  the  storm  abated.  Taking  an 
Indian  pilot  to  point  out  the  route  through  Ad- 
miralty inlet  and  Puget  Sound,  they  continued 
on  their  journey.  January  1,  1850,  they  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Nesqually.  This  fort  was  a  trading 
post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  under  the 
management  of  Dr.  William  Fraser  Tolmie  as 
factor.  Dr.  Tolmie  was  also  a  shareholder  in 
the  company.  Leaving  F'ort  Nisqually,  they 
arrived  at  fiudd's  inlet,  the  head  of  ship  navi- 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


805 


gatiou  on  Fuget  Sound.  The  brig  Orbit,  on 
wiiich  he  arrived  from  San  Francisco,  was  the 
first  vessel  that  ever  navigated  tlie  waters  of  the 
Sound  above  Fort  Nesqualiy,  distance  by  water 
twenty  miles.  At  the  point  on  Budd's  inlet 
wiierethe  landing  was  made  is  now  situated  the 
city  of  Olympia,  the  capital  of  the  State  of 
Washington.  From  this  point  an  estuary  of 
the  inlet  extends  to  the  falls  of  the  Des  Chutes 
river,  one  and  a  half  miles  distant,  where  a  saw- 
mill and  gristmill  had  been  built  in  the  year 
1848,  by  Michael  T.  Simmons  and  others.  At 
this  time,  however,  the  sawmill  was  not  iu 
operation,  owing  to  the  fact  that  most  of  the 
early  settlers  had  gone  to  the  California  gold 
mines. 

Anticipating  the  result  of  a  measure  then 
pending  in  Congress,  having  in  view  the  grant- 
ing of  640  acres  to  each  of  those  who  would 
migrate  to  and  settle  upon  lands  in  Oregon  (this 
being  then  a  part  of  the  Oregon  Territory),  and 
which  measure,  the  "Donation  Act,"  passed 
September  27,  1850,  Mr.  Simmons  took  posses- 
sion of  and  claimed  a  section  of  land,  including 
the  falls  of  the  Des  Chutes,  and  on  the  same  laid 
out  an  embryo  town,  the  first  town  north  of  the 
Columbia  river,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of 
New  Market.  This  name  was  afterward  changed 
to  that  of  Tumwater.  Mr.  Simmons  bought  an 
interest  in  the  brig  Orbit,  and  having  some 
lumlier  on  hand  at  his  mill,  loaded  the  vessel 
with  it  and  some  shingles,  and  sent  the  same  to 
San  Francisco.  At  the  point  of  landing  on 
Budd's  inlet  a  tract  of  land  comprising  320 
acres  was  possessed  and  claimed  by  Edmnnd 
Sylvester,  who,  in  conjunction  with  M.  T.  Sim- 
mons, J.  M.  Swan,  William  H.  Murray,  Colonel 
I.  N.  Ebey,  Benjamin  F.  Shaw,  Charles  H. 
Smith  and  Captain  William  Dunham,  laid  out 
and  started  the  town  of  Olympia,  each  receiving 
from  the  proprietor  a  donation  of  two  town  lots, 
with  the  understanding  tliat  they  would  improve 
the  same  by  erecting  buildings  thereon.  J.  M. 
Swan,  having  completed  iiis  house,  moved  into 
it  March  23,  1850.  This  was  the  first  house 
erected  in  the  town,  and  Mr.  Swan  is  therefore 
the  pioneer  of  the  city  of  Olympia.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1850,  he  made  a  trip  to  Cowlitz  prairie,  a 
distance  of  forty  miles,  to  the  residence  of  John 
R.  Jackson,  who  was  then  Clerk  of  the  District 
Conrt,  and  declared  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States.  In  the  spring  of 
the  same  year  he  took  possession  of  a  donation 
claim   of  320  acres  adjoining  the  town   site  of 


Olympia.  Up  to  the  beginning  of  the  Indian 
war  of  1855-'56  his  time  and  labor  were  chiefly 
devoted  to  acquiring  lots  and  erecting  buildings 
in  Olympia.  After  this  he  had  about  thirty 
acres  of  his  donation  claim  cleared  and  laid  off 
into  lots  as  an  addition  to  the  town.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1861,  he  went  to  San  Francisco,  returned 
in  November,  18G2,  again  went  to  Vancouver, 
and  a  year  later  moved  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
lieturning  again  to  Olympia  in  1870,  he  lias 
since  resided  here. 

In  the  year  1857  Mr.  Swan  joined  the  Odd 
Fellows,  becoming  at  once  a  prominent  and 
active  worker  of  that  great  organization.  He 
has  filled  the  leading  official  positions  in  the 
several  branches  of  the  order  in  the  State  juris- 
diction, and  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Sover- 
eign Grand  body  of  the  order.  Being  of  a  re- 
tiring disposition,  he  has  taken  no  very  active 
])art  in  politics.  He,  however,  served  as  As- 
sessor of  Internal  Revenue  in  the  southern  dis- 
trict of  the  Territory  during  the  years  1865  and 
1866, and  also  served  as  Commissioner  of  Thurs- 
ton county  six  years,  from  1876  to  1882.  He 
was  ever  true  to  the  responsibilities  entrusted 
to  him,  and  in  the  official  positions  occupied  by 
him  he  rendered  faithful,  efficient  and  satisfac- 
tory service. 

— •^<iMm§^^ — 

EORGE  E.  ROBERTS.— The  most  im- 
■  portantfacctor  in  the  phenomenal  growth 
accompanying  the  late  development  of 
^  Washington,  has  been  the  building  of 
railroads,  and  that  subject  must  be  a  prominent 
feature  in  the  history  of  the  State.  For  that 
reason,  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  George  E. 
Roberts,  inventor  of  the  celebrated  Roberts 
railroad  track  layer,  the  only  perfect  machine 
for  that  purpose  ever  made,  becomes  an  inter- 
esting addition  to  this  volume,  as  his  invention 
was  perfected,  and  first  successfully  applied, 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Mr.  Roberts  is  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada, 
born  near  the  city  of  Ottawa,  July  17,  1861, 
his  parents  being  John  and  Eliza  (Earl)  Rob- 
erts, both  natives  of  Ireland  and  descendants  of 
ancient  families.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
but  thirteen  years  old  when  he  left  home  to  join 
a  brother  at  Bay  City,  Michigan,  for  whom  he 
took  charge  of  a  logging  camp  at  White  Feather, 
when  but  fourteen  years  of  age,  at  which  early 


fiOG 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


iioe  he  liad  full  charge  of  a  camp  of  seventy 
men.  He  remained  there  in  this  capacity  for 
two  years  and  then  returned  home.  Two  years 
later,  he  went  to  Saginaw,  Michigan,  where  he 
again  engaged  in  logging  tor  his  brother.  De- 
ciding, however,  to  try  his  fortunes  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  he,  in  1875,  left  Kalamazoo, 
Michigan,  for  San  Francisco,  California.  From 
the  latter  city  he  went  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
wlience,  a  short  time  later,  he  proceeded  to 
Olympia,  Washington,  near  which  place  he 
began  logging  for  Frank  Roe.  He  afterward 
left  this  position  and  returned  to  Oregon  where 
he  made  three  lumber  drives  on  the  Calipooy 
river,  near  Albany.  On  leaving  there,  he  next 
took  charge  of  a  large  logging  camp  on  the 
Columbia  river,  for  George  Weidler,  of  Port- 
land, in  which  work  he  was  engaged  for  some 
time.  He  next  designed  and  constructed  a 
craft  for  boating  lumber  on  the  Columbia  river, 
getting  the  lumber  out  of  the  woods,  with  which 
to  build  it,  expending  about  $2,700  on  the  en- 
terprise. This  proved  completely  successful  for 
tlie  uses  for  which  it  was  intended,  and  he  was 
getting  along  well  and  establishing  himself  on 
a  firm  footing,  when  he  was  taken  ill,  and  for 
a  year  and  a  half  lay  at  The  Dalles  sick  with 
typhoid  fever. 

When  he  recovered,  his  savings  were  all  gone, 
and  he  was  back  where  he  had  originally  started 
from,  only  worse  off.  He  was  not  long,  how- 
ever, in  making  an  effort  to  regain  his  former 
foothold.  Borrowing  $80  from  an  acquaint- 
ance, lie  went  out  on  Hermann  creek,  where  he 
bought  wood  from  a  German  living  there,  and 
bringing  it  to  The  Dalles  sold  it,  realizing  in 
ten  (lays  $800  on  his  investment.  This  one 
event  sufficiently  indicates  the  difference  be- 
tween Mr.  Roberts  and  ordinai-y  men.  This 
same  opportimity  was  there  for  others  as  well 
as  for  himself,  yet  no  sooner  had  he  recovei-ed 
from  his  long  illness  than  he  saw  and  took  ad- 
vantage of  it.  Within  sixty  days,  he  liad  cleared 
$2,300.  He  then  proceeded  to  Spokane,  and 
shortly  perceived  another  chance  for  profitable 
speculation.  He  accordingly  bought  hogs  and 
sold  them  to  the  Chinamen  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  He  next  assumed  charge  for 
Mr.  Cannon,  the  banker  at  Spokane,  of  that 
gentleman's  booms  on  the  Spokane  river,  in 
which  occupation  Mr.  Roberts  was  profitaby 
employed  during  one  summer.  Mr.  Roberts 
remained  in  Spokane  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
Coenr  d'xllene    mining    excitement,   when    he 


went  to  that  point.  Here  again  his  knowledge 
of  lumber-driving  resulted  to  his  advantage  in 
suggesting  to  him  the  idea  of  freighting  sup- 
plies to  the  mines,  in  which  business  he  used 
boats  from  Coeur  d'Alene  lake  to  the  mouth  of 
Eagle  creek,  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains, 
a  distance  of  about  seventy  miles  in  all.  During 
the  first  winter,  all  other  avenues  of  communi- 
cation with  the  mines  were  closed  on  account 
of  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  and  great 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  taking  supplies 
over  the  route  mentioned.  One  day  forty  boats 
started  for  the  mines,  only  two  of  which  reached 
their  destination,  these  two  being  operated  by 
Mr.  Roberts,  whose  long  experience  in  river 
driving  enabled  him  to  successfully  manage  a 
craft  over  this  treacherous  water-way.  Mr. 
Roberts  received  as  high  as  thirty  cents  a 
pound  for  freighting.  Two  men  from  Denver, 
who  were  runnfng  one  of  the  foi-ty  boats 
mentioned,  upset  their  craft  on  the  second  day 
out,  whereupon  Mr.  Roberts  kindly  took  them 
with  him.  One  of  these  died  at  the  end  of  the 
water  journey,  at  the  mouth  of  Eagle  creek. 
He  had  a  watch  and  some  money  on  his  person, 
which  articles  he  wished  sent  to  his  brother  in 
Denver,  but  he  would  not  give  them  to  his 
partner,  preferring  rather  to  trust  them  to  Mr. 
Roberts,  who  promptly  forwarded  them  to  the 
brother  in  Colorado.  They  buried  the  young 
man  at  the  mouth  of  Eagle  creek,  where  the 
wild  winds  and  the  sweep  of  the  water  sang  his 
requiem. 

Mr.  Roberts  continued  to  be  engaged  in 
freighting  for  six  months,  and  then  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  at  Ken- 
newick,  from  which  point  he  was  engaged  in 
constructing  the  line  to  Yakima.  Meantime, 
he  had  been  revolving  in  his  mind  the  feasi- 
bility of  a  track  laying  machine,  and  when  near 
Yakima,  began  work  upon  it.  Under  his  direc- 
tion, drawings  of  the  proposed  machine  were 
made  by  a  draughtsman  in  the  employ  of  V. 
G.  Bogue,  the  railroad  engineer,  a  year  being 
consumed  in  making  the  plans  and  obtaining 
the  patents.  He  began  at  Ellensburg,  the  work 
of  putting  the  machine  together,  first  construct- 
ing the  patterns  for  the  various  parts  of  the  in- 
vention, and  some  of  the  castings  were  made 
at  Walla  Walla.  On  the  first  machine  which 
he  constructed,  the  tramways,  which  run  along- 
side, were  ninety  feet  long,  which  he  then 
thought  was  a  good  length,  but  after  getting 
his  invention  into  running  order,  he  increased 


HI  STORY    OF     W^iSItrNCrTON. 


this  length   to    1,500  feet,   which   showed   how 
far  even  he  liad  underestimated  the  greatness  of 
his  work.     When  he  liad  advanced  far  enough 
in  tlie  construction  of  his  contrivance  to  accom- 
modate three  cars  of  ties  and  one  car   ol  steel, 
he  hegan  using  his  invention.     At   this  time  a 
man  came  to  inspect  it,   who  had  been  sent  by 
Mr.   Huson,  of   the   Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
(now  Mayor   of  Tacoma).     On    this   man's   re- 
porting favorably   as   to  the  merits  of  the  ma- 
chine, it  was    shipped  on  two    cars   to  Green 
river  for  trial.  Mr.  Roberts,  with  the  assistance 
of  another  man  who  was  interested  with  him  in 
the  machine,  loaded   it  on  the   cars,  and   Mr. 
Roberts  unequivocally  asserts   that  this  was  the 
hardest  day's  work  of  his  life.     The  day  finally 
came  for  its  trial,   the    Green  River  Northern 
railroad  being  that  on  which  its   merits  were  to 
be  tested.     ()n  the  day  appointed,  a  large  crowd 
was  in  attendance  to  watch  proceedings,  auiong 
which  were  many  practical  and   thoroughly   in- 
formed men,  all  intent  on  ascert  aining  whether 
the  great  invention  would  prove  a  success.  This 
waf^  just  four  years  after  Mr.  Rolierts  had  corn- 
men  ced  his  invention,  and   his   feelings  on  this 
occasion  may  be  better  imagined  than  desciibed. 
His  heart,  however,  must  have  beaten  faster  as 
the  hour  approached  which  was  to  determine 
whether  his  years  of  labor  were   to  end  in  dis- 
appointment, or  whether  he   was  to  achieve  a 
victory  which   would  place  his  name  on  the  list 
of  human    benefactors.     The  decisive  moment 
came,  the  great  machine   began   its   work,   and 
the  battle  was  won.     The   greatest  event  in  the 
evolution  of  railroad  building  had  occurred  and 
this  machine  had   accomplished   what  had  been 
utterly  failed   in    by   forty-two  inventors,   who 
had  preceded  him  at  the  patent  olhce  in  Wash- 
ington.    Thus  it  was  that,  in  railroad  building, 
that  department  of  industry  which  requires  the 
highest  order  of  genius  and  the  best  technically 
educated  men  in  the  world,  this  young  man,  so 
lately    emerged    from    boyhood,    and   with  the 
most  meager  education,  and  no  technical  train- 
ing, but  depending  only  on  the  innate  develop- 
ment of  his  own  mind,  had   accomplished  what 
great  engineers  had    never  attempted,  and  had 
rendered   it  possible  for   them   to   perform,  by 
the   assistance   of  his  machine  and  thirty  men, 
what  had    previously  required    the  services  fo 
600  men  and  seventy-five  teams. 

The  test  completed,  the  machine  was  taken 
to  Tacoma,  and  more  new  trains  were  built  to 
put  on  more  cars  and  handle  more  material. 


Mr.  lluson  then  engaged  Mr.  Roberts  and  his 
invention  at  a  royalty  of  |35  a  mile,  the  ma- 
chine being  first  operated  for  profit  on  the 
Washington  Central  railroad.  Mr.  Roberts' 
feelings  of  satisfaction  may  be  surmised  when 
he  i-eceived  his  first  check  for  $700,  which  was 
the  first  return  he  had  realized  from  his  inven- 
tion from  the  time  he  had  conceived  the  idea 
of  its  construction  when  near  Yakima. 

From  the  Washington  Central  the  machine 
was  brought  into  Tacoma  and  burned,  and  Mr. 
Roberts  built  a  new  machine  on  a  much  more 
substantial  basis,  eliminating  all  useless  parts, 
securing  new  patents,  and  virtually  building  a 
new  machine  on  the  lines  on  which  it  is  now 
constructed.  Following  this,  he  built  si.x  ma- 
chines 8t  one  time,  one  of  which  was  taken 
to  Montana,  one  to  Anacortes,  one  to  Salt  Lake, 
and  another  to  Milford,  Utah,  where  it  still  re- 
mains, netting  a  loss  of  §2,500,  work  on  that 
railroad  having  been  abandoned.  Mr.  Roberts 
was  engaged  in  railroad  building  at  various 
places  and  for  different  roads  until  he  event- 
ually came  into  contact  with  the  San  Francisco 
Bridge  Company,  who  made  him  an  offer  and 
ktei  purchased  the  control  of  his  invention  at 
a  high  price. 

This,  however,  is  by  no  means  ail  of  Mr. 
Roberts'  inventions,  one  of  the  most  ingenious 
of  which  is  a  mechanical  calculator,  which  does 
perfect  work,  but  which  he  has  never  patented. 
In  1892,  he  invented  a  hop-sprayer,  but  has 
since  so  greatly  improved  it  that  the  machine 
he  is  now  making  is  practically  a  new  inven- 
tion. His  foundry  and  machine  shop  in 
Puyallup  is  running  night  and  day  with  a 
large  force  of  skilled  mechanics,  mainly  work- 
ing on  orders  for  these  machines,  which  have 
already  achieved  a  wide  reputation  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Roberts  has  decided  to  call 
his  plant  the  Puyallup  Experimental  Shop, 
and  will  give  much  attention  to  the  develop- 
ment of  different  inventions  of  commercial  im- 
portance, for  the  conception  of  which  he  has  a 
wonderful  faculty.  Even  the  boiler  used  in  his 
workshop,  which  was  at  first  discarded  as  not 
being  good  enough  for  its  original  purpose, 
under  his  efforts,  has  become  wonderfully  \m- 
proved  and  very  economical,  producing  the 
same  result  on  twenty  cents  worth  of  fuel  a  day 
as  is  accomplished  by  other  boilers  with  a  cord 
of  wood  in  the  same  length  of  time. 

In  January,  1881,  Mr.  Roberts  was  married 
in    Weston,  Idaho,    to  Miss  Emma   Hogan,  a 


nrSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


native  of  Uiegoii,  boiu  near  the  Columbia 
river.  They  have  live  cliildren:  Lizzie,  John, 
Clara,  Henry  and  George. 

Mr.  Roberts  has  already  done  much  to  per- 
petuate his  name  in  the  history  of  human 
progress,  yet  it  is  altogetlier  probable  tliat  but 
a  small  part  of  his  work  has  been  performed. 
Whatever  he  may  acecomplish  in  the  future, 
however,  Ins  track-laying  machine  must  ever 
remain  his  greatest  achievement.  A  book  ex- 
planatory of  the  workings  of  that  machine  has 
been  written  by  him  and  recently  re-published 
by  the  San  Francisco  Bridge  Company,  its  de- 
scription being  so  plain  and  graphically  written 
that  a  novice  could  understand  it.  In  this  con- 
nection it  may  be  stated  that  while  this  machine 
was  in  operaiion  on  the  Washington  Central 
Railroad,  it  made  a  record  of  two  and  a  half 
miles  and  450  feet  in  eight  hours,  and  often 
laid  a  mile  of  track  in  two  and  and  a  half  hours. 

Mr.  Roberts  has  the  unassuming  air  con- 
spicuous in  men  who  have  gained  eminence 
through  their  works,  bnt  through  the  good 
natured  air  which  surrounds  him,  the  keen  ob- 
server may  discern  evidences  of  the  great  mind 
which  is  best  illustrated  in  the  work  it  has  ac- 
complished. 


YAlljILLlAM  U.  Y 
\//\/    the"Nimrod" 


■•■-S^4 


AUGIIN,  is  known  as 
1"  of  pioneer  days  in  Wash- 
rton  and  Oregon.  Of  his  life  we 
present  the  following  rexirmi'.  William  D. 
Vaughn  was  born  in  Carroll  count}',  Virginia, 
in  1831.  He  left  that  State  in  1846,  for  Hli- 
nois,  where  he  spent  one  fall  and  winter.  In 
the  autumn  of  1847  he  went  to  Missouri  and 
thence  to  Louisiana,  where  he  worked  all  winter. 
The  following  winter  he  spent  in  the  swamps 
of  Mississippi,  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  in 
the  spring  he  took  a  raft  of  lumber  to  New  Or- 
leans. The  cholera  was  raging  in  the  South  at 
that  time.  He  went  back  to  the  Vazoo  river 
near  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  and  a  few  days 
later  was  a  victim  of  that  dread  disease.  After 
he  recovered  from  the  cholera  he  had  a  siege  of 
chills  and  fever  which  reduced  him  to  a  mere 
skeleton.  He  then  returned  to  Illinois  and  re- 
mained nntil  he  regained  his  strength  after 
which  he  went  to  work  in  Missouri.  We  next 
find  him  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  employed  as 
teamster  by  the  Government  nntil  1850.     After 


that  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  bridge  com- 
pano,  engaged  in  bridging  the  Platte  river 
about  110  miles  west  of  Fort  Laramie.  He  was 
hired  by  them  as  a  hunter  and  gunsmith,  and 
spent  tlie  winter  in  hunting.  In  the  spring  of 
1851  emigrant  parties  were  flocking  through 
that  part  of  the  country,  and  he  joined  one  of 
trains  and  kept  the  emigrants  supplied  with 
game  the  entire  trip,  which  covered  a  period  of 
six  months.     He  arrived  in  Oregon  in  October, 

1851.  There  he  spent  the  winter  and  the 
following  spring,  in  company  with  some 
others,  bought  a  brig  and  went  to  Queen 
Charlotte's  island  in  the  British  possessions, 
to  hunt  for  gold.  He  found  nothing,  how- 
ever, and  from  there  directed  his  course  to 
Puget   Sound,   landing   at  Olympia,    June    15, 

1852.  Olympia  at  that  time  consisted  of  a  few 
log  cabins.  In  1855,  he  enlisted  in  the  Indian 
war,  and  served  during  that  year  and  LSofi. 
He  engaged  in  teaming,  logging  and  rafting  on 
the  Sound  until  1862.  Mr.  Vaughn  Avas  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  riflemen  in  the  volun- 
teer service.  After  the  war  he  dealt  in  cattle 
for  a  few  nionths,  but  soon  went  back  to  log- 
ging and  subsequently  engaged  in  tnining.  It 
would  be  almost  an  endless  task  to  follow  him 
through  all  his  pioneer  days.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  of  the  ups  and  downs  of  this  world  he  has 
had  his  share  and  that  he  has  made  and  lost 
several  fortunes.  He  now  has  a  gunsmith  shop 
and  livery  stable  in  Steilacoon  City.  He  has 
been  elected  City  Marshal  and  also  Road  Super- 
visor, but  owing  to  a  distaste  for  public  office  he 
never  qualified  for  either. 

Abner  aiul  Keziah  Vaughn,  parents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  wei'e  both  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia, where  they  owned  and  lived  upon  a  farm. 
William  D.Vaughn, was  married  February,  1883. 
He  and  his  wife  have  no  children. 

— ^€@"i)»'^— 

f[RS.  ANN  McCLELAN,  a  resident  of 
I  Steilacoon  City,  Washington,  was  born 
U  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ireland,  July  4, 
1829.  Her  maiden  name  was  Dorn, 
and  her  parents,  William  and  Anna  (Long) 
Dorn,  also  natives  of  Ireland,  spent  their  lives, 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  on  the  Enaer- 
ald  Isle.  She  lived  with  her  parents  until  she 
was  twenty  years  of  age,  when,  in  company  with 
some  friends,  she  came  to  America.     In  1849 


ni  STORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


she  found  herself  a  stranger  and  alone  in  j^ew 
York  city.  She  was  successful  in  finding  work, 
being  an  honest,  trustworthy  servant  and  hold- 
ing the  best  recommendations.  From  New 
York  she  went  to  Vermont,  thence  to  Wiscon- 
sin, subsequently  returned  to  Vermont,  and  re- 
mained in  the  latter  State  until  March,  1855. 
At  that  time,  in  company  with  Jolin  Ward's 
family,  with  whom  she  was  employed,  she 
started  across  the  plains  for  the  far  West. 
After  being  on  the  road  seven  months  and  ex- 
periencing untold  hardships,  they  arrived  in 
Amador  county,  California.  There  in  the  fall 
of  1855,  she  married  John  McLaughlin,  a 
highly  educated  man,  a  miner  and  a  general 
contractor.  They  lived  in  Amador  county  six 
years,  after  which  they  moved  to  Yam  Hill 
county,  Oregon,  where  Mr.  McLaughlin  bought 
a  farm.  While  at  work  on  this  farm,  rolling 
logs,  he  was  accidentiy  killed.  After  his  death 
his  widow  conducted  the  farm  in  an  able  man- 
ner until  1863,  when  she  was  burned  out  and 
lost  almost  every  thing  she  had  except  the  land, 
which  she  sold  the  following  year.  In  1864 
she  married  Samuel  Mcrielan  and  came  to 
Seattle,  Washington.  Tiny  iMuight  a  farm  on 
Lake  Washington,  on  whicli  tlii-y  lived  twelve 
years.  Disposing  of  that  land  in  1883,  they 
moved  to  Steilacoon  City,  bought  property  and 
built  a  home.  After  living  here  about  two 
years  Mr.  McClelan  died,  and  for  the  second 
time  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  left  a  widow. 
She  is  a  woman  of  natural  shrewdness  and  abil- 
ity and  since  her  husband's  death  has  managed 
her  own  affairs.  She  has  no  children  of  her 
own,  but  has  reared  two  orphans. 


F'rEEMAN  W.  BROAVX,  a  resident  of 
Olympia  and  prominently  connected  with 
^  the  surveys  of  the  Territory  of  AVash- 
ington,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Ver- 
mont, September  2,  1832,  son  of  Leonard  and 
Mary  (Whitcomb)  Brown,  natives  of  that  State, 
descended  from  the  pioneer  settlers  of  New 
England. 

Mr.  Brown  was  educated  in  the  primary  and 
high  schools  of  Washington  county,  taking  the 
advanced  academic  studies  and  paying  particular 
attention  to  the  higher  mathematics  in  view  of 
the  profession  of  civil  engineer.  In  tiie  spring 
yf  1850  he  went   to  western  New  York  and  at- 


tended Randolph  College,  continuing  his  mathe- 
matical studies,  and  in  the  fall  he  engaged  in 
engineering  work  in  Iowa,  performing  work  for 
the  CTOvernment. 

Deciding  to  visit  the  Pacific  coast,  he  re- 
turned to  New  York  city  in  the  fall  of  1851 
and  embarked  by  steamer,  via  the  Panama  route, 
landing  at  San  Francisco  in  April,  1852.  Fol- 
lowing the  tide  of  emigration,  he  then  visited 
the  mines  on  the  American  river,  but  after  a 
few  nionths,  with  no  flattering  succbss,  he  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco  and  embarked  for 
Oregon  to  join  his  uncle,  Lot  Whitcomb,  then 
residing  at  Milwaukee.  While  there  he  engao-ed 
with  David  P.  Thompson  in  running  the  first 
standard  parallel  west  from  the  Williamette 
meridian.  Completing  this  work  about  Jan- 
uary 1,  1854,  he  went  to  Shoal  Water  bay  to 
look  after  the  estate  of  his  deceased  brother, 
Joel  L.  Bi-own,  a  pioneer  of  1849.  After  set- 
tling the  affairs  of  the  estate,  Mr.  Brown  went 
to  Cowlitz  county  and  engaged  with  Henry 
Stearns  in  sectionizing  several  townships  of  that 
country  and  in  running  the  fourth  standard 
parallel  west  of  the  AVillamette  meridian. 

In  the  spring  of  1855  Mr.  Brown  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Captain  Gilraore  Hayes,  of  Second 
Battalion,  commanded  by  Colonel  B.  F.  Shaw. 
Their  service  began  upon  the  Puyallup  river 
and  numbered  the  severe  battles  of  CounelPs 
prairie.  White  river.  Green  river,  a  continuous 
fight  while  crossing  the  Cascades,  and  the  battles 
of  ITmatilla  and  Grand  Ronde  in  eastern  Oreo-on, 
besides  a  large  number  of  skirmishes.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  service  about  twelve  months. 

Returning  to  Olympia,  he  engaged  in  Gov- 
ernment work  until  1857.  Then  he  taught 
school  three  winters,  first  in  Portland,  afterward 
in  Milwaukee  and  then  in  North  Salem.  The 
summer  of  1859  he  spent  with  an  exploring  and 
prospecting  party  through  the  Cascade,  Blue 
and  Rocky  mountains.  In  the  spring  of  1860 
he  went  to  the  mines  of  Salmon  river  and  Mor- 
mon Basin,  remaining   till    the  spring   of  1861. 

Mr.  Brown  went  to  California  in  1861  and 
enlisted  in  the  First  Regiment,  California  Vol- 
unteers, Colonel  E.  D.  Baker.  He  was  detailed 
to  the  Quartei'master  Department  and  located 
at  Benicia,  and  after  six  months  was  discharged, 
as  his  regiment  had  gone  to  the  front.  He  then 
came  to  Oregon  and  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
Oregon  Volunteers,  Captain  C.  P.  Crandall, 
which  was  stationed  at  Steilacoom;  was  again 
detailed  to  the  Quartermaster  Department,  aud 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


continued  in  tliat  service  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  receiving  his  discharge  in  the  fall  of  1865. 

In  the  spring  of  1866  lie  took  a  contract  un- 
der the  Territorial  government  of  Washington 
to  make  a  topographical  survey  and  map  of  the 
Skagit  river  and  tributaries,  the  passes  of  the 
Cascade  mountains,  Lake  Chelan,  and  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  territory  east  of  the  mountains. 
He  made  this  survey,  returning  by  the  AVeiiat- 
chee  and  Sauk  rivers  to  Puget  Sound,  and  com- 
pleted his  work  by  fall.  The  following  winter 
he  taught  school  at  French  Prairie,  Oregon, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1867  settled  on  his  home- 
stead, eight  miles  south  of  Olympia.  He  had 
married  that  spring,  and  to  his  home  took  his 
bride.  Here  his  family  resided  until  1887,  he 
meanwhile  engaging  in  public  and  private  sur- 
veys and  during  the  intervals  of  service  em- 
ploying his  time  by  grubbing  stumps  and  ditch- 
ing and  draining  marshes,  thus  reclaiming  130 
acres  of  nature's  wilds  and  making  one  of  the 
finest  farms  in  the  county.  His  more  important 
work  during  this  period  was  the  sectionizing  of 
iive  townships  on  the  Kalania  river  in  1872,  and 
surveying  the  preliminary  line  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  between  Olympia  and  the 
Cowlitz  river.  In  1875  he  ran  a  preliminary 
railroad  line  from  Olympia  to  the  south  side  of 
Gray's  Harbor,  and  about  1878  located  the  line 
for  the  Olympia  and  Gray's  Harbor  Pailroad. 
During  1887  and  1888  he  was  engaged  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Land  Company  and  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  in  making  geological 
and  mineralogical  surveys  in  the  Cascade  moun- 
tains. He  has  also  made  extensive  topograph- 
ical surveys  of  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the 
southern  part  of  Alaska,  passing  through  tribe 
after  tribe  of  Indians  who  had  never  before 
looked  upon  the  face  of  a  white  man.  Mr. 
Brown  by  tact  and  diplomacy  secured  their 
friendship  and  retained  their  respect. 

In  1887  he  built  his  present  cottage  residence 
on  land  he  hatl  purchased  in  1885,  it  being  lo- 
cated on  East  Side  street  in  East  Olympia,  and 
here  he  and  his  family  have  since  resided.  He 
sold  his  farm  in  1889  for  the  handsome  sum  of 
$8,500.  Since  comiiig  to  Olympia  his  time  has 
been  fully  occupied  in  general  survey  woi-k,  and 
since  the  summer  of  1892  he  has  been  employed 
in  tide  land  surveys  for  the  State. 

Mr.  Brown's  marriage  in  the  spring  of  1867 
has  already  been  alluded  to.  Mrs.  Brown  whose 
maiden  name  was  Ellen  E.  Mathiot,  is  of  French 
descent.      Her  father,  Juhn    Mathiut,  came  to 


this  coast  in  1853.  Following  are  the  names  of 
their  four  children:  Frederick  M.,  Edward  E., 
Joel  L.  and  Nellie  P. 

Ml-.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  George  H. 
Thomas  Post,  G.  A.  R.  He  is  a  man  of  honesty 
and  strict  integrity,  ever  true  to  the  responsi- 
bilities devolving  upon  him,  and  is  highly  re- 
spected by  all  with  whom  he  is  brought  in  con- 
tact, either  socially  or  in  a  business  connection. 


V  B.  L  ITT  ELL,  manufacturer  of  sash, 
doors,  and  moldings  at  Seattle,  was  born 
in  Clark  county,  Indiana,  October  31, 
1850.  His  father.  Maxwell  Littell,  was  a  native 
of  tiie  same  county,  where  his  parents  settled 
with  the  earliest  pioneers.  The  mother  of  our 
subject,  Louisa,  nee  Btllows,  was  born  in  New 
London,  Connecticut,  descended  from  Puritan 
stock.  Maxwell  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  sub- 
sequtntly  removing  to  New  Albany,  Indiana, 
and  engaging  in  the  mercantile  business,  which 
he  followed  through  life. 

<).  B.  Littell  was  educated  in  tlie  schools  of 
New  Albany,  and  assisted  his  father  in  the  store 
up  to  eighteen  years  of  age,  then  went  to  Louis- 
ville, entering  the  employ  of  S.  G.  Henry  & 
Co.,  dealers  in  boots,  shoes  and  dry  goods, 
and  remained  up  to  1875,  then  returned  to 
Xew  Albany  and  opened  a  shoe  store,  which 
he  conducted  seven  years,  when  he  sold  out, 
closed  his  business  and  removed  to  Seattle, 
arriving  in  1882.  Then  he  opened  a  shoe  store 
and  conducted  it  about  eighteen  months.  In 
March,  1884,  he  bought  a  half  interest  in 
the  small  furniture  and  jobbing  factory  of  M. 
F.  O'Roke,  the  partnership  continuing  to  the 
fall  of  1886,  when  the  firm  changed  to  Littell 
&  Sniythe,  who  subsequently  incorporated  as 
Littell  &  Smythe  Manufacturing  Company,  and 
after  increasing  the  capacity  of  their  plant,  they 
began  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors  and 
house-furnishing  materials,  employing  an  aver- 
age of  thirty  hands,  and  conducted  a  very  pros- 
perous business  up  to  the  27th  of  April,  1898, 
when  the  factory  was  destroyed  by  fire.  The 
business  of  the  company  was  then  closed  and 
the  firm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Littell  leased  the 
factory  of  the  Western  mill,  located  on  Lake 
Union.  This  factory  is  a  two-story  frame  build- 
ing, 76  X  120  feet,  with  a  molding  room  40  x  80 
feet,  fully  equipped   with   improved   machinei-y 


HIlSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  every  facility  for  tlie  manufacture  of  house- 
fiianisliing  supplies,  and  with  a  force  of  sixty 
hands  Mr.  Littell  commenced  operations  on  au 
extensive  scale  to  sujiply  the  jobbing  trade  of 
the  State,  with  considerable  shipments  to  Alaska. 
Mr.  Littell  was  married  in  1875  to  Miss 
Tillie  T.  Duncan,  of  New  Albany,  Indiana.  He 
is  a  member  of  no  societies,  and  gives  little 
attention  to  politics;  but  by  honesty,  perse- 
verance and  eternal  vigilance  has  built  up  an 
extensive  and  lucrative  business. 


fr^' EORGE  D.  SHANNON,  for  many  years 
I  ji  a  prominent  railroad  cunti-uutor,  is  now  a 
V^j  resident  of  01jni])ia.  iftii-ril  from  active 
^  life.  As  a  reprff-eiitati\c  citizen  of  the 
Northwest,  it  is  eminently  fitting  that  honora- 
ble mention  be  made  of  him  in  this  work.  Fol- 
lowing is  a  resume  of  his  life: 

George  D.  Shannon  was  born  in  Watkins,  at 
tlie  head  of  Seneca  lake.  New  York,  in  1832. 
His  parents,  Thomas  and  Mehitabel  (Oorwin) 
Shannon,  were  also  natives  ijf  tlie  Empire  State. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  he  left  home  and 
entered  upon  his  career  in  railroad  work,  first 
being  employed  as  teamster  in  grading  the  Can- 
andaigua  &  Elmira  railroad.  His  next  step  was 
as  foreman  in  grading  for  the  New  York  A:  Erie 
railroad,  and  in  eidarging  the  Erie  canal  near 
Rome.  His  first  contract  was  in  grading  and 
building  plank  roads  for  the  city  of  Geneva.  In 
1854:  he  went  to  Minnesota  and  was  employed 
as  agent  for  J.  G.  Rowe  &  Co.,  prominent  lum- 
ber and  logging  merchatits  upon  the  Mississippi 
river,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Paul  and  St.  An- 
thony. Subsequently  he  was  engaged  with 
Chapman  &  Thorp,  of  Eu  Claire,  in  the  same 
character  of  work,  in  looking  after  lumber  in- 
terests, buying,  shipping  and  acting  as  general 
agent.  In  1859  he  was  superintendent  of  con- 
struction of  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  railroad, 
and  after  completing  his  road  he  ran  the  first 
train  of  cars  started  in  Minnesota.  He  remained 
with  the  company  until  1866,  when  he  returned 
to  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  as  contractu!'  helped 
to  build  the  New  York,  Buffalo  iV:  Philadelphia 
railroad.  Returning  to  Winona  in  1868,  he 
built  the  road  from  Winona  to  La  (Jrosse,  a  dis- 
tance of  nineteen  miles.  In  1870  he  came  to 
Kalama,  Washington,  as  superintendent  of  con- 
struction   for    the    Northern    Pacific    Railroad 


Company,  but  after  about  six  months  he  en- 
gaged in  contracting  at  different  places  along 
the  line,  employing  from  600  to  800  hands,  and 
continuing  the  work  about  two  years.  He  then 
came  to  Glympia  and  purchased  1,1(J0  acres  of 
land  on  the  Nesqually  bottoms,  chiefly  tide 
lands,  150  acres  of  which  he  has  brought  under 
cultivation  in  hops,  hay  and  grain,  the  rest  of 
the  ranch  being  stocked  with  cattle  and  horses. 
In  1875  he  went  to  New'  York  and  built  the 
Buffalo  &  Jamestown  railroad,  a  distance  of  forty 
miles,  which  he  completed  for  the  running  of 
trains.  From  that  time  until  1888  his  home 
was  on  his  farm,  and  since  that  year  he  has 
lived  in  Olyrapia,  retired  from  active  life,  still, 
however,  continuing   his  agricultural   pursuits. 

For  eight  years  Mr.  Shannon  served  as  vice 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Olym- 
pia,  and  is  still  a  member  of  its  board  of  direc- 
tors. He  is  largely  interested  in  the  Olympia 
Light  &  Power  Company,  being  treasurer  of 
the  incorporation.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Western  Hospital 
for  the  Insane,  at  Steilacoom,  since  1887,  and 
was  superintendent  of  construction  during  the 
erection  of  the  building. 

He  was  married  in  Cleveland,  Obit),  in  1875, 
to  Miss  Mary  A.  Kennedy,  a  native  of  that  State. 

Mr.  Shannon  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
chapter,  commandery,  consistory  and  shrine,  F. 
&  A.  M.  In  politics  he  is  Democratic.  A 
man  of  broad  experience  and  wide-spread  ac- 
quaintance, having  traveled  extensively  in  every 
State  of  the  Union;  possessing  keen  foresight 
and  sound  judgment,  his  conclusions  are  well 
founded,  and  he  is  justly  recognized  as  one  of 
the  able,  executive  business  men  of  the  State. 


fr^  EORGE  CROFTON,  a  prominent  farmer 
I  Yf  living  eight  miles  west  of  Goldendale,  is 
^^  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  section,  hav- 
-^  ing  located  on  the  beautiful  little  prairie 
which  bears  his  name,  about  twenty  years  ago. 
He  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  November,  1837,  a 
son  of  John  and  Celia  (Madden)  Crofton,  who 
remained  in  that  country  until  their  death. 
Our  subject  crossed  the  waters  to  the  United 
States  in  1861,  after  which  he  made  his  home 
in  New  York  until  1873.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  Astoria,  Washington,  thence  to  this  county, 
where  he  took  n  homestead  of  160  acres.     By 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


frugality  and  industry  Mr.  Crofton  has  added  to 
his  original  purchase  until  he  now  owns  322 
acres  of  well-improved  land,  all  of  which  is 
fenced  and  watered  by  perpetual  springs. 

In  New  York,  in  September,  1869,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Anna  Maloney,  a 
native  of  Ireland.  They  have  two  children, 
Celia  and  Mollie,  both  of  whom  still  reside  in 
New  York.  Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  praise 
of  those  who  leave  their  homes  and  friends  and 
come  west  to  develop  a  wild  country,  as  in  the 
case  of  Mr.  Crofton,  who  has  been  untiring  in 
putting  forth  every  effort  for  tlie  good  of  his 
county  aud  State,  and  has  succeeded  in  gaining 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 
In  political  matters  he  acts  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the 
public  affairs  of  his  township  and  county. 

m^ — 


^UGET  SOUND  PIPE  COMPANY.— 
The  manufacture  of  wood  water  pipe  was 
first  started  in  the  west  at  Turn  water,  a 
mile  aiid  a  half  above  Olympia,  Ijy  Mr. 
W.  H.  Ilorton,  twenty-eight  years  ago,  and 
was  operated  by  water  power.  In  1885  the 
demand  for  thin  shell  wood  water  pipe  with 
iron  couplings  increased  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
necessitate  a  much  larger  plant  whicli  would  re- 
quire more  capital,  so  on  August  8,  the  present 
company  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Wash- 
ington Territory  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,000, 
and  pui-chasing  the  machinery  of  tlie  old  fac- 
tory, together  with  Mr.  Horton's  patents,  they 
located  in  East  Olympia  on  the  water  front,  and 
on  two  and  a  half  acres  of  ground  tiiey  erected 
commodious  buildings  that  cover  an  acre;  put 
in  a  new  steam  plant,  remodeled  and  rebuilt  all 
the  machinery,  so  that  now  they  liave  the  most 
complete  manufactory,  in  fact  the  only  one  of 
its  kind  west  of  the  Mississippi.   - 

From  the  time  the  red  fir  timber  is  cut  down 
at  the  logging  camps  of  the  company  to  the 
finishing  touch  at  the  rollers  and  coupling  ma- 
chine, the  work  is  carried  on  with  the  least  hand- 
ling possible  until  the  completed  pipe  is  ready 
for  transportation. 

The  amount  of  the  pipe  turned  out  of  the 
factory  is  about  six  miles  of  aesoi'ted  sizes  per 
month. 

Tliey  now  have  pipe  in  use  all  through  the 
west — in    British  Columbia,   Montana,    Idaho, 


Washington,  Oregon,  California,  Colorado  and 
Utah,  and  in  completing  contracts  they  employ 
all  the  way  from  fifty  to  150  men,  according  to 
the  amount  of  pipe  to  be  put  in,  and  at  the 
factory  they  have  steady  employment  for  from 
ten  to  thirty  hands. 

The  officers  of  the  company  are  John  Cork- 
ish,  president  and  general  manager;  C.  Z. 
Mason,  vice  president  and  superintendent  of 
manufactory;  and  E.  S.  Hamlen,  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

The  company  is  sole  proprietor  and  manufac- 
turer of  "Horton's  patent  iron  coupling,  thin 
shell,  wood  water  pipe,"  which  is  suitable  for  a 
water  conductor,  either  as  an  irrigating  pipe  or 
for  water  mains  under  high  pressure;  they  are 
especially  well  adapted  for  jmmping  columns  in 
mines  or  for  pump  discharge  pipe,  the  elastic- 
ity of  the  pipe  and  spiral  banding  being  favor- 
able for  receiving  the  pulsations  of  the  pump 
without  any  damage.  Water  can  be  brought 
any  distance  or  from  any  elevation  witliout 
leakage.  The  tube  or  shell  is  made  from  cai'e- 
fully  selected  Puget  Sound  red  fir,  only  the 
heart  of  the  timber  being  used,  the  sappy  por- 
tion being  entirely  removed.  It  is  banded 
spii'ally  with  steel;  the  amount  of  sucii  banding 
is  always  governed  by  the  pressure  such  pipe 
has  to  sustain.  They  make  the  pipe  to  success- 
fully stand  a   working  pressure  of  400  pounds 


to  the 


■quart 


ich 


hen  required,  and  will  war- 


rant the  pipe  to  stand  whatever  pressure  is  named 
in  the  onier  as  required.  The  whole  exterior  is 
coated  with  a  bath  of  boiling  hot  asphaltum 
which  preserves  the  wood  from  insects  and  the 
metal  banding  from  rust  or  alkalines  in  the  soil. 
All  their  pipes  are  made  in  eight  feet  lengths, 
making  it  convenient  to  handle  and  load.  The 
sizes  run  from  two  to  twelve  inches  inside  diam- 
eter. The  rt'ood  shell  varies  from  one  and  a 
fourth  to  one  and  a  half  inches,  making  it  very 
light  to  ship  long  distances.  All  the  joints  are 
connected  with  an  iron  coupling,  the  action  of 
water  making  each  joint  perfectly  tight  witliout 
any  calking  or  any  other  process.  In  point  of 
duiability  this  pipe  excels  any  metal  pipe  in 
the  market,  and  if  it  is  kept  in  constant  Ui-e 
will  last  forages.  Considerable  of  their  manu- 
facture has  been  in  use  on  the  Sound  for  twen- 
ty-eight years  and  is  still  perfectly  sound  aud 
tight  under  high  pressure,  while  over  400  miles 
of  their  manufacture  is  distributed  over  the 
Northwest  States  and  Territories,  and  all  giving 
the  most  approved  satisfaction, 


^77A^3^-*<^3z--*^^t-^^>^^->^<l3 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  company  carries  a  full  line  of  supplies, 
including  street  hydrants,  water  gates  and 
valves,  cast  iron  fittings  and  extras  of  all  kinds, 
and  makes  a  specialty  of  contracting  and  con- 
structincr  water  works. 


LEWIS  R.  DAWSON,  M.  D.,  medical  prac- 
I    citioner  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Wai'ren, 
\  Trnmbnll  county,  Ohio,  June  23,  1856. 

His  father,  Isaac  N.  Dawson,  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  there  reared  and  educat- 
ed, learning  the  process  of  manufacturing  lin- 
seed oil  at  New  Castle.  He  then  removed  to 
Warren,  Ohio,  to  continue  his  business,  and  was 
there  married  to  Miss  Nancy  L.,  daughter  of 
John  Reeves,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Ti-uui- 
bull  county.  Isaac  N.  Dawson  was  one  of  the  in- 
fluential citizens  of  Warren,  and  for  many  years 
was  a  member  and  president  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  for  twelve 
years  Mayor  of  the  city. 

L.  R.  Dawson  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  Western  Reserve  College  at 
Hudson,  Oliio,  assisting  in  defraying  the  ex- 
penses of  his  education  by  teaching  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Warren,  Ohio.  In  1878  he  began 
reading  medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Dr.  John  R.  Woods,  of  Warren,  and  subse- 
quently entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  and,  after  three  years 
of  close  application,  graduated  therefrom  in 
June,  1882.  He  then  accepted  the  position  of 
assistant  surgeon  at  the  Quincy  copper  mines, 
at  Hancock,  Michigan,  and  i-eniaiiied  one  year. 
After  a  short  visit  with  frifinl-  in  Ohio  and 
Chicago  he  then  came  tu  tlie  IVicilir  .Xurfliwest, 
stopping  in  Walla  Walla,  I'oitlaml  and  Tacoma. 
He  arrived  in  Seattle  in  January,  1884.  After 
a  Tirief  period  spent  in  looking  about  the  city 
he  opened  an  office,  in  the  February  following, 
and  entered  into  a  general  practice.  Continu- 
ing alone  up  to  Januaiy,  1887,  he  then  formed 
a  copartneiship  with  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Miner,  an 
able  physician  and  skillful  surgeon.  This  as- 
sociation was  tenninated  in  December,  1889,  by 
the  sudd.^n  (I.-utli  of  Dr.  Miner.  Dr.  Dawson 
tln'ii  pnirtiiTil  alone  for  one  year,  when,  owing 
to  the  sicknc-s  of  his  family,  he  decided  to  re- 
tire from  practice  for  a  period,  and  accordingly 
spent  a  year  on  a  ranch  in  Mason  county. 
After  aljout  ten  months  of  outdoor  exercise  with 

51 


health  restored,  they  returned  to  Seattle  and  the 
Doctor  resumed  his  profession,  forming  with 
Dr.  James  B.  Eagleston  a  copartnership  which 
has  since  been  continued.  The  Doctor  holds  a 
prominent  position  among  the  professional  men 
of  Seattle,  and  enjoys  alarge  and  lucrative  prac- 
tice. 

He  was  married  at  Seattle,  in  August,  1888, 
to  Miss  Mamie  O.  Coffman,  native  of  California, 
and  granddaughter  of  William  N.  Bell,  one  of 
the  pioneers  and  founders  of  Seattle.  Two 
children  have  blessed  the  union:  Lewis  R.,  Jr., 
and  W.  Ralph  C. 

Dr.  Dawson  aflSliates  with  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  of 
A.  A.  &  S.  R.  degree;  is  a  member  of  the  State 
and  the  King  county  medical  societies  and  of 
the  American  Medical  Association.  In  De- 
cember, 1884,  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Seattle 
Rifles;  was  elected  Second  Lieutenant  in  Sep- 
tember, 1885,  First  Lieutenant  in  May,  1888, 
and,  in  June,  1890,  was  appointed  Surgeon  of 
the  First  Regiment,  National  Guards  of  Wash- 
ington, with  rank  of  Major. 

LP.   O  IT  E  L  L  E  T  T  E,    Surveyor-elect  of 
j    Thurston   county,  Washington,  was  born 
1  in  Sandwich,  Ontario,  Canada,  in   1855, 

the  son  of  a  prominent  merchant  in  Sandwich, 
whose  ancestors  had  long  been  residents  of  that 
locality.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  On- 
tario, gi"\'ing  especial  attention  to  the  study  of 
civil  and  mechanical  engineering.  Mr.  Ouellette 
lived  with  his  ])arents  until  1877,  w  hen  he  started 
out  in  life  to  di>  for  himself.  Hepuslied  west- 
ward acn>-s  the  T'nited  States,  first  locating  at 
Denvei-,  ( 'dlurado,  where,  finding  business  dull 
in  his  profession,  he  passed  the  first  year  in  the 
harvest  field  and  at  work  at  anything  that  pre- 
sented itself.  In  1880  he  engaged  in  Govern- 
ment surveying,  and  afterward  filled  the  office 
of  Deputy  County  Surveyor  up  to  1883,  when 
he  came  to  Olympia. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  here  Mr.  Ouelette  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  surveyor  and  draughts- 
man in  the  office  of  W.  McMicken,  Surveyor 
General  of  the  Territory,  and  there  continued 
until  the  Cleveland  administration,  when  he 
resigned.  He  next  engaged  in  an  exten.sive 
logging  entei'prise,  organized  the  Puget  Sound 
and    Chehalis    Railroad    Comj)any,    a    railroad 


814 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


built  from  Mud  bay  to  a  large  ti'act  of  timber 
lying  between  there  and  the  Cbehalis  river. 
Mr.  Onelette  was  also  actively  engaged  in  rail- 
road interests  in  districts  adjoining  the  head 
watei's  of  Piiget  Sound. 

In  the  fall  of  1890  he  was  the  Eepublican 
nominee  for  County  Surveyor  and  was  elected 
with  a  rousing  majoi'ity,  and  in  the  county  con- 
vention of  1892  was  renominated  by  acclama- 
tion, wiiicb  evinced  the  perfect  satisfaction  of 
the  people.  During  the  year  1892  he  success- 
fully united  the  surveyors  of  the  State,  who  will 
submit  an  act  before  the  coming  Legislature 
that  shall  compel  the  county  commissioners, 
regardless  of  political  preferences,  to  give  all 
county  work  to  the  surveyor  especially  elected 
to  perform  the  work  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Oulette  was  married  in  1891  to  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Judge  O.  B.  McFadden, 
e.\-Congressman  of  Washington  Territory,  and 
a  prominent  man  throughout  the  State.  Mr. 
Ouelette  is  a  member  of  the  13.  P.  O.  E.  In 
his  profession  he  is  an  earnest,  persistent  worker 
thoroughly  competent  in  every  department. 


ES.  SARAH  L.  BAKER,  widow  of 
William  H.  Baker,  was  boi-n  at  JVew 
Providence,  Clark  county,  Indiana,  May 
10,  1810,  her  maiden  name  being 
Denny.  She  owns  a  farm  of  110  acres  near 
Sumner,  Pierce  county,  Washington,  and  is  en- 
gaged in  the  dairy  business  (juite  e.xtensively. 
Her  farm  is  managed  by  her  son-in-law,  Har- 
vey Johnston,  who  raises  a  large  amount  of  hay 
and  gives  considerable  attention  to  the  bi'eeding 
of  draft  horses. 

Harvey  Johnston  was  born  in  Marietta,  Ohio, 
March  11,  1859,  and  when  he  was  about  eighteen 
years  of  age  came  to  Washington.  Here,  Oc- 
tober 23,  1882,  he  married  Lena  Baker,  the  first 
white  child  born  in  what  is  now  Tacoma.  She 
went  by  the  name  of  Lena  Tacoma  Baker  until 
she  was  a  young  lady,  when,  of  her  own  accord, 
she  discarded  the  middle  name.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Johnston  are  now  living  on  the  farm  with  Mrs. 
Baker. 

William  H.  Baker  was  born  in  Clark  county, 
Indiana,  March  27,  1827,  and  met  his  death 
May  23,  1890,  being  thrown  from  a  wagon  by  a 
team  of  runaway  horses.  He  was  one  of  tlie 
pioneers  of  Washington,  was  an  honorable  and 


upright  man,  liaving  the  respect  and  esteem  of 
all  who  knew  liim,  and  his  sudden  death  was  a 
soui'ce  of  great  bereavement  not  only  to  his 
family  but  also  to  his  many  friends  here. 

Of  Mrs.  Baker's  father,  Mr.  Denny,  we  re- 
cord that  he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Se- 
attle. After  coming  to  this  coast  he  went  back 
to  Indiana  nine  times,  crossing  the  plains  both 
ways  each  time. 


DR.  C.  H.  SPINNING.  As  a  pioneer  of 
Washington,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
deserves  particular    attention.     He   was 

born  January  23,  1821,  in  O.xftjrd,  Indiana,  son 
of  Isaac  W.  and  Elizabeth  (French)  Spinning. 

His  father  was  of  English  descent  and  was 
born  in  Warren  county,  Ohio,  in  1792.  After 
he  grew  up  he  was  for  some  time  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  woolen  goods;  but,  growing  tired 
of  the  factory,  he  moved  to  Wabash  valley,  In- 
diana, and  settled  down  at  farming.  At  the 
time  he  settled  there  were  only  ten  families  in 
the  county.  He  was  a  neighbor  of  Steven  Voor- 
liees  for  forty-eight  years,  and  the  first  court 
ever  held  in  that  county  was  in  Mr.  Spinning's 
house. 

C.  H.  Spinning  attended  the  common  schools 
of  Indiana  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age. 
He  then  went  to  Franklin  College  in  Johnson 
county,  one  year,  after  which  he  taught  school 
two  years.  Then  he  attended  the  Indiana  State 
LTniversity  at  Bloomington.  From  there  he 
went  to  Cincinnati  where  he  attended  a  full 
course  of  medical  lectures  at  the  Eclectic  Insti- 
tute. He  taught  school  at  Perryville,  Indiana, 
for  five  years. 

March  24,  1851,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
bought  an  ox  team  and  started  across  the  plains 
for  the  far  West,  landing  at  his  destination, 
Oregon  City,  September  21,  1851.  From  tliere 
he  went  to  I'ortland,  where,  although  he  had  no 
knowledge  of  engineering,  he  applied  for  a  posi- 
tion as  engineer,  and  in  a  few  days  received  work. 
In  the  mean  time  he  stayed  in  the  shops  and 
watched  the  workmen,  so  that  by  the  time  he 
was  given  employment  he  had  a  fair  idea  of 
what  was  expected  of  him.  And  we  may  fur- 
ther state  that  he  successfully  accomplished  the 
work  he  undertook.  In  1852  he  took  up  a 
donation  claim  of  320  acres  in  Lewis  county, 
Washington,  five   miles  north  of  Clacjuato,  he 


HI  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


aud  his  wife  each  taking  claim  to  160  acres. 
He  came  up  Cowlitz  river  from  Oregon  in  a 
canoe,  being  six  days  in  traveling  thirty-iive 
miles,  and  arrived  at  Monticello.  From  there 
he  went  to  Olynipia.  When  the  Indian  war 
came  on  he  and  his  wife  abandoned  their  claims 
and  went  to  Fort  Claquato,  and  soon  afterward 
to  Oregon.  After  remaining  in  Oregon  for  a 
short  time  they  returned  to  the  Sound  county 
and  have  lived  here  ever  since.  September  28, 
1858,  Dr.  Spinning  bought  a  farm  near  Fern 
Hill.  While  there  he  was  appointed  Doctor  for 
the  Indian  reservation,  and  served  as  such  for 
nine  and  a  half  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time 
he  moved  toTacoma  in  order  to  educate  his  chil- 
dren. Subsequently  he  located  on  the  claim  of 
J.  R.  Meeker,  near  Lake  Vern,  and  tinalljcame 
to  Stuck  valley  and  settled  on  a  farm  of  450 
acres.     Here  he  has  since  resided. 

Dr.  Spinning  has  practiced  medicine  about 
twenty-five  years  in  the  various  places  in  which 
he  has  been  located,  his  professional  career  be- 
ing a  successful  one.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Territorial  Legislature,  as  Representative 
from  Lewis  county. 

He  was  married  February  3,  1852,  to  Miss 
Mildred  Stewart,  and  they  have  five  children 
living,  namely:  Lida  M.  (wife  of  F.  Gloyd), 
Fred  W.,  AVilliam  N.,  Frank  R.  and  Charles  S. 
Mrs.  Spinning  was  born  in  Fennsylvania, 
August  10,  1833,  daughter  of  William  M. 
Stewart.  Her  father,  also  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  born  April  23,  1794,  of  Scotch  par- 
ents. He  and  his  wife  had  eleven  children,  all 
living  at  the  present  date.  Mr.  Stewart  came 
across  the  plains  with  his  family  to  Washington 
and  resided  here  about  twelve  years  prior  to  his 
death,  which  event  occurred  November  12,  1886. 


5  THOMPSON,  one  of  the  enterprising 
;  young  men  of  Klickitat  county,  was  born 
- — -  in  Missouri,  in  1862,  a  son  of  J.  T.  and 
Anna  (Kellj  Thompson,  natives  of  Madison 
county,  Indiana.  The  parents  emigrated  to  Illi- 
nois, later  to  Missouri,  and  in  1875  located 
near  Centerville,  Klickitat  county,  Washingon. 
In  1892  they  took  up  their  residence  live  miles 
northeast  of  Block  House,  where  the  father  is 
engaged  iu  the  stock  business,  principally  in  the 
raising  of  sheep. 


Our  subject  was  thirteen  years  of  age  when 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  Klickitat  county, 
where  he  was  reared  to  farm  life.  He  is  now 
the  owner  of  a  shingle  mill,  located  on  Bowman 
creek,  which  is  one  of  the  leading  industries  of 
the  county,  and  is  valued  at  $1,200.  The  mill 
is  run  by  water  power,  with  a  turbine  wheel,  has 
a  capacity  of  lO,000  shingles  per  day,  and  is 
surrounded  by  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  pine 
and  tir  timber,  besides  much  fine  cedar.  Mr. 
Thompson  is  an  esteemed  citizen  and  a  good 
mill  man,  and  is  now  in  shape  to  increase  his 
Iiusiness  and  make  it  one  of  the  liest  in  the 
county. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Chloe 
Kell,  a  native  of  Missouri  and  a  daughter  of 
William  and  Sarah  Kell,  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Missouri,  respectively.  The  parents  emigrated 
to  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  in  an  early 
day,  there  having  been  only  six  houses  in  the 
valley  at  that  time.  In  political  matters,  Mr. 
Thompson  afiiliates  with  the  Republican  party. 

ES.    SMITH,  one  of    Klickitat    county's 
progressive  young   farmers,  was  born  in 
1  Missouri,   a  son    of   W.    D.    and    Mary 

(Owens)  Smith,  natives  of  Kentucky,  Init  now 
of  this  county.  Our  subject  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Sacramento  valley,  California,  and 
later  went  to  Willamette  valley,  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon.  With  an  ambition  that  could 
not  be  satisfied  iu  the  old-settled  country,  Mr. 
Smith  turned  his  attention  toward  Washington, 
where  greater  opportunities  were  offered.  Klick- 
itat county  was  chosen  as  his  ideal,  and  to  this 
place  he  came  with  his  family  in  1877,  where  he 
is  among  the  pioneer  settlers.  Since  locating 
here  he  has  taken  an  active  part  iu  public 
affairs.  He  owns  240  acres  of  fine  land  two 
miles  south  of  Centerville,  where  he  has  a  good 
dwelling,  windmill,  and  numerous  outbuildings 
for  the  convenience  of  his  stock.  Mr.  Smith  is 
actively  engaged  iu  the  raising  of  wheat  and 
oats,  the  former  averaging  twenty-five  bushels 
per  acre,  and  the  latter  sixty  bushels  per  acre. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mattie 
Wheelis,  a  native  of  this  county,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Isaac  and  Nannie  (Braggs)  Wheelis,  both 
born  in  Missouri.  They  removed  to  California 
in  an  early  day,  but  now  reside  in  Spokane 
county,   AVashingtou, 


816 


HISTOnr    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Smitli  votes  with  the  Democratic  party, 
is  now  holding  the  office  of  County  Assessor, 
is  active  in  any  enterprise  for  the  benefit  of  his 
connty  or  State,  and  is  respected  by  all  who 
know  him.  In  his  social  relations,  he  is  Master 
Workman  in  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen,    at  Centerville. 

DK.  J.   S.  KLOEBEIJ,    President    of    the 
j   House  of   Delegates,  and    medical    prac- 
titioner  in   the  city  of    Seattle,  was  born 

in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  March  1,  1862.  His 
parents,  Charles  E.  and  Mary  E.  (Smith)  Kloe- 
ber,  wei-e  natives  of  Virginia.  Major  George 
S.  Smith,  the  Doctor's  maternal  grandfather, 
was  an  early  resident  of  Culpeper,  Virginia; 
and,  although  a  Southern  gentleman,  he  was  in 
sympathy  with  the  Union  cause,  and  in  1861 
vrhen  1he  war  broke  out  he  joined  the  Union 
army  and  performed  valiant  service  in  defence 
of  the  constitution.  Charles  E.  Kloeber  was  a 
dentist  by  profeesion,  which  he  followed  in 
Baltimore  and  Norfolk,  Virginia,  for  many 
years.  Upon  his  retirement  from  business,  he 
removed  to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
where  he  still   resides. 

J.  S.  Kloeber  was  educated  at  the  Lynchburg 
Academy,  graduating  in  1878.  He  then  en- 
tered the  Medical  Department  of  the  University 
of  Maryland,  and  as  financial  support  by  per- 
sonal effort  was  necessary  to  complete  his 
couree,  he  also  entered  the  Dental  Department, 
in  which  he  graduated  with  honor  at  the  end 
of  the  first  year,  receiving  the  University  medal. 
He  then  accepted  the  position  of  Demonstrator 
of  Histology  while  continuing  his  medical 
studies,  and  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M. 
D.  in  1885.  After  that  he  conducted  a  hospital 
practice  and  took  a  post  graduate  course,  re- 
ceiving the  post  graduate  certificate  in  1887.  At 
that  time  broken  health,  caused  by  over-exer- 
tion, obliged  him  to  seek  rest.  He  did  not. 
however,  entirely  cease  work.  Kemoving  to 
Chicago,  he  conducted  a  somewhat  intermittent 
]>ractice  in  the  Hospital  of  the  Northwestern 
University,  and  also  a  professorship  on  Histol- 
ogy in  the  Chicago  Dental  College. 

In  January,  1889.  Dr.  Kleober  came  to  Seat- 
tle and  at  once  entered  upon  the  active  practice 
of  his  profession,  which  he  has  since  continued, 
giving  particular    attention    to  office    practice, 


i 


which  has  become  very  extensive.  The  Doctor 
first  entered  politics  in  1890,  as  candidate  for 
State  Senator  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  but  was 
defeated  by  George  Kinnear,  the  candidate  of 
the  Republican  party,  then  in  power.  In  March, 
1892,  Dr.  Kloeber  was  the  successful  candidate 
of  his  party  to  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  by 
that  body  was  honored  by  election  to  the  posi- 
tion of  President. 

He  was  married  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  in  September,  1889,  to  Miss  Mattie 
P.  Walker,  niece  of  ex-Senator  Pomeroy.  Dr. 
Kloeber  resides  on  Temperance  street,  Queen 
Ann  Hill,  where  he  has  recently  built  a  hand- 
some home.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  F.  A: 
A.  M.,  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  K.of  P.  He  is  ac- 
credited a  prominent  position  among  the  rising 
practitioners  in  the  "  Queen  City  "  of  the 
Northwest. 


IJARREN  W.  RILEY,  M.  D.,  a  prom- 
inent physician  of  Olympia,  was  born 
in  Marietta,  Ohio,  in  October,  1844, 
a  son  of  William  and  Julia  (Dick)  Riley,  the 
former  a  native  of  Marietta,  and  the  latter  of 
Pennsylvania.  The  Rileys  were  among  the  earli- 
est settlers  of  Ohio,  having  located  there  about 
1790,  when  all  their  supplies  had  to  be  packed 
on  horseback  from  Philadelphia.  William  Riley 
passed  his  life  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  died 
in  the  same  locality  in  which  he  was  born. 

Dr.  Riley  spent  his  early  life  on  the  farm  and 
I'eceived  his  primary  education  in  the  scliools 
near  his  home.  He  enlisted  in  Company  L, 
First  Ohio  Cavalry,  upon  the  organization  of 
that  regiment  in  1861,  and  his  first  year  of  serv- 
ice was  in  the  Army  of  Kentucky.  He  parti- 
cipated in  the  battles  of  Perryville,  Bowling 
Green,  Green  river.  Mount  Washington,  Fort 
Donelson,  Nashville  and  Shiloh.  Soon  after 
the  battle  of  Shiloh,  at  the  skirmish  of  Carolina 
churches  he  was  injured  and  was  subsequently 
discharged  for  disability.  Returning  to  Mari- 
etta, then  a  military  post  in  command  of  Colonel 
Rufus  Putnam,  he  assisted  in  the  organization 
the  Forty-eighth  Ohio  Infantry,  of  which  he 
commissioned  Lieutenant  by  Governor  Tod. 
After  rendering  important  services  in  the  caj)- 
tnre  of  John  Morgan,  he  was  commissioned 
Cajitain  of  the  Forty-sixth  Battalion  of  Oliio 
State  troops.     In  May,  1864,  he  was  transferred 


Bim'ORT    OF    WA8B1NOT0N. 


and  placed  in  charge  of  reconstruction  of 
cavalry  in  the  Army  of  tlie  Cumberland,  under 
(■ieneral  Baldy  Smith,  at  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
He  was  subsequently  assigned  duty  at  the  head- 
quarters of  General  George  H.  Tliomas,  in  gen- 
eral orderly  duty  and  as  an  assistant  surgeon, 
where  he  served  until  Septeinber6, 1865, and  was 
then  discharged.  Eefore  being  mustered  out 
he  was  offered  the  commission  of  Second  Lieu- 
tenant in  the  regular  army,  which  however,  he 
declined. 

Upon  his  return  to  Marietta,  he  engaged  in 
mechanical  work,  also  pursuing  the  study  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  in  which  he  had  con- 
siderable practice  during  the  war.  His  studies 
were  completed  at  the  Medical  College  of  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio,  where  he  graduated  in  1881. 
He  entered  upon  his  medical  career  at  Belpre, 
Ohio,  but  soon  afterward  was  burned  out.  He 
then  decided  to  come  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
accordingly  directed  his  course  toward  Oljmpia, 
where  he  established  himself  in  practice,  and 
where  he  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the 
most  skillful  physicians  in  the  Northwest. 

While  Dr.  iiiley  is  devoted  to  his  profession, 
he  has  also  manifested  great  interest  in 
the  resources  and  topography  of  the  country. 
His  summer  vacations  have  been  passed 
in  tours  of  exploration  through  the  Olym- 
pic mountains  and  to  the  summit  of 
Mount  Kainier.  His  first  ascent  of  Mount 
Rainier  was  in  July,  1891,  when  he  demon- 
strated the  fact  that  ascent  was  possible  by  the 
west  side  of  the  mountain,  which  had  never  be- 
fore been  accomplished.  In  the  summer  of 
1892  he  again  made  the  ascent,  and  also  made 
the  first  exploration  of  North  l-'eak,  which  had 
never  been  visited.  The  Doctor  has  served  the 
city  tor  a  number  of  years  as  Health  Officer, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Ex- 
aminers. He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  V.  W., 
and  of  the  Geoi-ge  II.  Thomas  Post,  No.  9,  G. 
A.  R. 


RTHUR  ELLIS,  proprietor  of  one  of  the 
largest  furniture  establisliments  in  Olym- 
^  pia,  was  born  in  Norfolk,  county  of  Dur- 
ham, England,  in  1850.  His  boyhood 
was  passed  in  securing  an  education,  and  in  learn- 
ing tlie  trades  of  carpenter  and  cabinet-maker.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  went  to  Utah  and   found   occupation  in 


mines.  Later,  at  Salt  Lake  City  he  completed 
his  trade,  wliich  he  folknved  until  1878.  That 
year  he  went  to  Boise  City,  Idaho,  where  he 
worked  at  house  carpentering,  at  first  by  days; 
wages  and  afterward  taking  contracts  himself. 
From  there,  in  1882,  he  came  to  Washington^ 
and  for  six  months  was  employed  in  the  car 
shop  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company 
at  Tacoma.  In  the  fall  of  1882  he  settled  in 
Olympia,  continuing  work  at  the  carpenter's 
trade  and  8ul)sequently  opening  a  shop  for  cabi- 
net work.  About  1885  he  began  carrying  a 
small  stock  of  furniture,  which  he  increased 
fron)  time  to  time,  as  circumstances  jjermitted 
and  necessity  required  to  meet  the  exigencies 
of  his  extended  business,  until  in  1890,  he  had 
a  $20,000  stock,  with  monthly  sales  averaging 
about  $5,000.  His  sales  rooms,  on  the  corner 
of  Fourth  and  Adams  streets,  cover  an  area  of 
42  X  100  feet,  and  are  filled  with  a  well-assorted 
stock  of  office  and  household  furniture,  linol- 
eum, mattings,  shades,  house  furnisiiing,  and  a 
large  stock  of  mattresses  of  his  own  manufac- 
ture. 

Mr.  Ellis  was  married  in  Salt  Lake  City,  in 
1877,  to  Miss  Emily  J.  Hughes,  and  they  have 
three  children:  Mabel,  Arthur,  Jr.,  and  Ethel. 
He  resides  on  Fourth  street,  between  East  Side 
and  Boundary  streets,  where  he  erected  his 
handsome  home  in  1892. 

Tlie  success  of  Mr.  Ellis,  which  has  been  sub- 
stantial and  continuous  since  he  engaged  in 
business,  is  the  just  reward  of  ability  and 
energy,  concentrated  in  one  direction,  and 
adhered  to  with  integrity  and  tenacity  of  pur- 
pose. 


Z.  MASON.— In  1885,  Mr.  Mason  came 
came  to  Olympia  to  manage  the  manu- 
factory of  the  Puget  Sound  Pipe  Com- 
pany, a  new  corporation  which  Jiad  just  pur- 
chased the  Turn  water  factory  of  W.  H.  Hor- 
ton,  the  patentee.  Mr.  Mason  superintended 
the  erection  of  buildings  at  Olympia,  the  re- 
moval and  placing  of  the  machinery,  and  the 
operation  of  the  newly  established  factory. 
With  a  little  experience,  the  defects  in  the  old 
machinery  sonii  liecaiuc  apparent,  and  with  his 
mechanical  ingenuity  Mr.  Mason  began  improv- 
ing until  he  had  materially  changed  the  system 
of  manufacture,  making  it  more  simple  and  at 
the  same    time   more   efficacious.     Among  his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


more  iiuportaut  inventions  is  the  machine  for 
tenanting  the  diflferent  sized  pipes  for  couplings; 
also  the  boring  of  pipe  under  water  pressure  to 
clear  chips  and  cuttings.  The  machine  shop 
for  repair  of  tools  is  very  ct>nipletely  fitted  with 
the  most  improved  machinery  tor  their  particu- 
lar requirements.  Here  the  imported  steel  bars 
are  converted  into  bits  and  chisels  of  intricate 
design  for  the  several  purposes  to  advance  the 
rapidity  of  manufacture. 

• ^-^^-7^ 

T[T(  OWARD  11.  LEWIS,  oTie  of  the  enter- 
Ir^     prising  and  progressive  young  business 
J     41    men  of  Sesttle,  was  born  in  Washington 
r/  county,  Iowa,  in  October,  1859,  the  older 

of  the  two  children  of  Judge  Joseph  R.  and 
Mary  A.  (Chapman)  Lewis,  who  were  natives  of 
Ohio  and  of  Welsh-English  descent.  Judge 
Lewis  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Sup- 
reme Bench  of  the  Territory  of  Washington  for 
a  number  of  years,  and  the  wise  measures  in- 
nagurated  by  him  while  Chief  Justice  were 
towers  of  strength  to  the  State  builders  and  cast 
terror  to  the  hearts  of  the  gamblers,  criminals 
and  boodlers. 

Howard  H.  Lewis  came  to  Washington  Terri- 
tory with  liis  parents  in  1872.  He  completed 
his  education  at  the  University  of  California,  at 
Berkeley,  after  which  he  engaged  in  business  in 
Seattle,  in  1877.  The  following  year  he  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  United  States  District 
Court,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  faitlifuUy  dis- 
charged for  two  years.  He  then  began  the 
study  of  law  under  the  wisepreceptorshipof  his 
father,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  in  1881,  and  at 
once  entered  into  partnership  with  his  father 
under  the  name  of  J.  R.  &  H.  H.  Lewis.  They 
continued  in  a  general  practice  together  until 
1886,  when  the  subject  of  our  sketch  retired 
from  the  profession  to  engage  in  the  real-estate 
and  insurance  business,  and  in  partnership  with 
E.  A.  Turner,  established  the  firm  of  Turner  & 
Lewis,  which  continued  successfully  until  1889. 
That  year  the  firm  dissolved,  selling  the  insur- 
ance business  to  W.  L.  Gazzam,  who  organized 
the  insurance  firm  of  W.  L.  Gazzam  &  Co.  Mr. 
Lewis  continued  the  real-estate  business  to 
1891,  when  he  purchased  the  interest  of  the 
above  firm,  and  with  B.  W.  Baker  and  H.  A. 
Raser,  incorporated  under  the  name  of  W.  L. 


Gazzam  &  Co.  Mr.  Lewis  was  president  of  the 
company  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
retired  from  active  management,  still,  however, 
remaining  a  stockholder  and  director  of  the 
enterprise,  which  has  become  very '  extended  in 
its  business  connection.  Mr.  Lewis  is  now  en- 
gaged in  looking  after  his  private  interests, 
which  embrace  acre  property  in  Yakima  county, 
botli  acre  and  city  property  at  Anacortes,  and 
improved  property  in  the  city  of  Seattle. 

He  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1881,  to  Mies 
Bessie  Terry,  a  native  of  Seattle  and  a  daughter 
of  Hon.  Charles  A.  Terry,  one  of  the  prominent 
pioneers  of  that  city.  They  have  four  childran: 
Howard  T.,  Marie  B.,  Edward  C.  and  Joseph  R. 

Mr.  Lewis  has  recently  erected  a  handsome 
residence  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  Jefferson 
streets,  which  commands  a  pleasing  outlook 
over  the  city  and  adjacent  county. 


-—s^^'m 


«@:l©» 


JJOHN  F.  MILLER,  Prosecuting  Attorney 
)|>  I'  of  King  county,  Washington,  was  born  at 
%l  South  Bend,  Indiana,  June  9,  1862.  His 
parents,  I.  Newton  and  Martha  E.  (Ritter)  Mil- 
ler, of  Scotch- Irish  ancestry,  were  natives  of  the 
same  locality.  His  paternal  grandfather,  who 
removed  from  Ohio  to  South  Bend  about  1831, 
was  the  founder  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  asylum 
of  that  city.  John  F.  Miller,  an  uncle  of  our 
subject,  rose  to  the  rank  of  Major-General  dur- 
ing the  Civil  war;  subsequently  settled  in  San 
Francisco,  California,  in  the  practice  of  law,  and 
later  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
from  that  State.  I.  Newton  Miller  has  followed 
au  agricultural  life  near  South  Bend,  and  still 
resides  upon  the  old  homestead. 


John  F.  Miller  was   educated 


th. 


)Ub 


schools  of  South  Bend  and  at  the  University  of 
Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  then  entered  the 
law  school  at  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  where  he 
graduated  with  the  class  of  1887.  Wishing  to 
establish  his  future  with  the  growth  of  a  newer 
country,  he  decided  upon  Seattle,  and  came 
direct  to  this  city,  where  he  arrived  without 
means  to  maintain  his  support  and  without  a 
friend  in  the  Northwest.  To  satisfy  immediate 
wants,  he  accepted  anything  which  offered,  and 
for  some  weeks  worked  in  a  sawmill.  He  then 
found  occupation  in  the  otiice  of  the  Seattle 
Press,  and  later  with  the  Daily  Times,  contiuu- 
ing    in   the  newspaper   work  until  the  fall   of 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1888,  when  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
He  filled  that  office  for  two  years,  performing  a 
large  ainouiit  of  labor.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he 
was  the  nominee  by  acclamation  of  the  Republi- 
can convention  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
King  county,  and  beino;  subsequently  elected, 
he  assumed  the  duties  of  that  office  on  the  12th 
of  January,  1891.  In  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  he  has  been  so  successful  in  convicting  of 
crime — averaging  ninety  per  cent  of  those  in- 
dicted— that  the  Republican  party,  in  conven- 
tion assembled  in  1892,  evinced  their  approval 
of  Mr.  Miller's  efforts  by  renominating  him  foi- 
an  additional  term  of  two  years. 

Mr.  Miller  was  married  in  Bloomington, 
Illinois,  in  1889,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Stewart,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Leath. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Miller  affiliates  with  the 
Knights  Templar  and  Shrine,  F.  &  A.  M., 
the  Encampment,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  Captain 
of  Rainier  Division,  No.  18,  Uniform  Rank, 
K.  of  P. 


ON.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  TIB- 
BETTS,  one  of  the  best  known  farmers 
and  most  highly  esteemed  citizens  of 
King  county,  Washington,  honored  alike 
for  his  ability  and  great  worth  of  character,  was 
born  in  Acton,  Maine,  January  22,  IS-tS.  His 
parents,  Daniel  and  Mary  (Witlnun)  Tihbetts, 
belonged  to  prominent  families  of  New  England, 
that  of  his  father  being  among  the  oldest  and 
had  lived  on  the  place  where  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born,  for  more  than  150  years.  Mr. 
Tibbetts  of  this  notice  was  the  youngest  of 
fifteen  children,  only  three  of  whom  survive, 
himself  and  two  brothers. 

When  Mr.  Tibbetts  was  but  one  year  old,  he 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  mother,  and  at 
the  age  of  four  was  placed  with  an  aunt,  Mrs. 
Snsan  P.  Witham,  at  West  Milton,  New  Hamp- 
shire, with  whom  he  remained  until  he  was 
fifteen.  He  then  went  to  Great  Falls,  New 
Hamphire,  where  he  was  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
war,  July  12,  1861,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  and 
six  months  he  enlisted  for  three  years  in  Com- 
pany F,  of  the  Fourth  New  Hampshire  Infan- 
try. At  the  end  of  this  time  he  re-enlisted  in 
the   same  company  and   was  shortly  afterward 


Pr- 


omoted  to  the  rank  of  Sergeant.       Ilis  com- 


pany  was   attached    to  the  Tenth  Army  Corps, 
and  participated  in  a  number  of  important  bat- 


tles, tht 


pn 


i-ere    those  of 


Port  Royal,  Pocotaligo,  Drewry's  Bluff.  Peters- 
burg, Bermunda  Hundred,  Deep  Bottom  and  the 
Siege  of  Charleston.  He  was  captured  by  the 
enemy  at  Deep  Bottom  and  suffered  all  the  hor- 
rors of  southern  prison  life.  He  was  finally 
mustered  out  of  the  army  at  Concord,  New 
Hampshire,  Jnne  30,  1865,  after  four  years' 
faithful  and  efficient  service  in  the  cause  of  his 
country  and  fellow  men. 

Owing  to  long  imprisonment  and  consequent 
hardship  and  exposure.  Sergeant  Tibbetts'  con- 
stitution was  much  impaired,  and  he  sought 
change  of  scene  and  the  bracing  air  of  the  West 
in  hopes  of  regaining  new  strength.  He  went 
to  Moniteau  county,  Missouri,  and  in  October 
1865,  settled  in  Excelsior,  which  town  he  named 
and  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
which  he  followed  there  about  six  years.  In 
the  meantime,  hearing  favorable  repoi-ts  of  the 
Northwest,  in  May,  1871,  he  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  where  he  remained  one  year.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  he  settled  on  his  present  prop- 
erty in  Squak  valley,  near  Puget  Sound,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of 
one  year  on  Whidby  island  and  three  years  as 
Postmaster  and  merchant  in  Renton,  King 
county.  When  Mr.  Tibl)etts  first  came  to  Sqiiak 
valley,  he  and  his  family  lived  in  a  small  log 
house,  the  oidy  other  white  woman  besides  his 
wife  within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  being  Mrs.  J. 
W.  Bush.  In  the  log  cabin  just  mentioned, 
Mr.  Tibbetts'  daughter  Ida  May,  was  born.  It 
was  in  this  same  cabin  tliat  William  Castro  and 
wife  and  John  Ilalstead  were  murdered  by  the 
Indians,  November  7,  1864.  Some  Indians 
having  a  grudge  against  the  whites  in  their  own 
community,  came  to  the  Squak  valley  and  mur- 
dered this  family.  The  only  other  fatnily  in  the 
Squak  valley  at  that  time  was  that  of  James 
William  Bush.  He,  however,  succeeded  in 
fortifying  his  cabin,  and  with  the  assistance  of 
friendly  Indians,  managed  to  escape.  Mr.  Tib- 
betts now  owns  about  1,000  acres  of  choice 
agricultural  land  and  is  numbered  among  the 
most  successful  farmers  of  his  vicinity,  his  pi'os- 
perity  being  due  entirely  to  his  unaided  and 
persevering  efforts,  and  he  is  justly  entitled  to 
his  reward. 

Sergeant  Tibbetts  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  1,  of  Washington 
and  Alaska,  which  was  very  appropriately  named 
the  General  I.  I.  Stevens  Post,  after  the  first 
Governor  of  the  former  Territory.     On  its  or- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ganization,  Sergeant  Tibbetts  was  elected  Senior 
Vice  Commander  and  a  year  later  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Commander.  In  1881,  he  was 
elected  Bri^jadier  General  of  the  State  militia, 
in  which  capacity  he   ably  served  for  two  years. 

Besides  these  positions  of  trust  and  responsi- 
bility, Mr.  Tibbetts  has  been  honored  by  election 
to  nnmerons  civil  offices,  in  all  of  which  he  has 
reflected  credit  on  himself  and  on  the  judgment 
of  his  constituents.  He  was  in  1887  elected  to 
the  Territorial  Legislature,  serving  the  interests 
of  all  with  efficiency  and  integrity.  He  has 
also  ably  served  at  different  times  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  Notaj-y  Public  and  Postmaster  of 
Squak  now  Gilman.  In  1889  he  became  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  met  at 
Olympia  to  frame  the  constitution  of  the  State 
of  Washington,  and  it  is  needless  to  say  that  he 
rendered  material  assistance  by  his  counsel. 

In  March,  1868,  Mr.  Tibbetts  was  married, 
at  Carthage,  Missouri,  to  Rebecca  A.  Wilson,  a 
lady  of  intelligence  and  rare  worth  of  character. 
They  have  four  children:  Ida  May,  now  Mi-s. 
Goode;  George  Wilson,  Fred  S.  and  Charles  F., 
all  of  whom  hold  honorable  positions  in  busi- 
ness and  society. 

Few  men  are  as  widely  known  or  as  highly 
esteemed  throughout  the  Northwest  as  General 
Tibbetts,  and  no  one  more  thoronghly  enjoys 
the  best  wishes  of  all  for  his  future  prosperity 
and  happiness. 


d I  AMES  CAETY,  one  of  the  largest  land- 
holders in  Clark  county,  Wasiiington,  an 
^-^  extensive  farmer  and  dairyman,  is  a  native 
of  Ireland,  born  in  Wexford  county,  March  16, 
1839.  His  parents,  William  and  Margaret 
(Kossater)  Carty,  were  thrifty  and  respected 
people,  the  father  being  a  merchant  and  hotel- 
keeper. 

Mr.  Carty,  of  this  sketch,  spent  the  first 
fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  his  native  county, 
attending  the  local  schools  and  enjoying  the 
further  advantage  of  a  cultured  and  refined 
home.  Induced  by  a  love  for  travel,  he  entered 
the  merchant  service,  in  1854,  and  followed  a 
sea-faring  life  for  a  number  of  years.  He  spent 
six  months  on  a  French  transport  on  the  Black 
Sea,  after  which  he  was  two  years  in  the 
English,  and  three  and  a  half  years  in  the 
American   merchant  marine,  his  occupation  tak- 


ing him  all  over  the  world.  In  1859,  he  sailed 
from  Liverpool,  on  the  ship  Bodrydan,  for  Val- 
paraiso, Cliili,  and  thence  went  to  Panama, 
where  he  accepted  a  position  as  coal  passer  on 
the  American  steamer.  Golden  Gate,  being  later 
promoted  to  fireman.  He  was  on  this  steamer 
three  months  and  afterward  on  the  Cortez  for 
six  months.  In  1860,  he  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  on  the  old  steamer  Panama,  whence  he 
proceeded  to  Clarke  county,  Washington,  to 
visit  an  uncle,  who  had  come  to  the  coast  in 
1843,  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, and  was  in  charge  of  the  company's 
cooper  shop  in  Vancouver  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Carty's  uncle  was  the  first  settler  on  Union 
ridge,  in  Clarke  county,  where  he  died  in  1872, 
regretted  by  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a  man 
of  kindly  impulses  and  upright  character,  and 
enjoyed  universal  esteem. 

In  1861,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  went  to 
the  Oro  Fino  mines,  in  Idaho,  where  he  spent 
eleven  years  with  varying  success,  sometimes 
making  a  ])rofitable  income  and  again  losing  all 
his  hard-earned  savings  in  unsuccessful  mining 
operations.  At  the  end  of  that  time,  he  once 
more  returned  to  Washington  and  settled  on  the 
Gee  donation  claim,  besides  which  he  bought 
400  acres  of  Mr.  Lancaster,  and  a  part  of  the 
Fowler  donation  claim  in  1876.  He  now  owns 
about  700  acres,  comprising  pasture,  meadow 
and  farming  land,  clear  of  timber,  fifty  of  which 
he  cultivates  to  general  products.  His  princi- 
pal industry  is  dairying,  in  which  he  uses  the 
product  of  from  forty  to  sixty-five  cows,  mak- 
ing butter  for  the  Portland  market.  He  has  an 
orchard  of  about  two  acres  and  a  half,  most  of  the 
trees  of  which  are  apple,  although  there  are 
other  fruit  trees  in  smaller  quantities,  all  in  a 
thrifty  condition.  The  whole  place  bears  an  air 
of  prosperity,  the  result  of  energetic  and  careful 
management,  and  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
methods  pursued  by  Mr.  Carty.  He  is  not  only 
profited  thereby,  but  the  community  also  is 
benefitted  by  his  work,  much  of  its  prosperity 
being  due  tu  this  cause. 

In  1873,  Mr.  Carty  was  married  to  Mrs.  Jane 
Eeed,  widow  of  Captain  G.  H.  Reed,  and 
a  native  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  her  maiden 
name  being  Flynn.  In  1886,  Mr.  Carty  was 
called  upon  to  mourn  his  wife's  death.  She  was 
an  estimable  woman  and  contributed  much  by 
her  intelligence  and  economy  to  her  husband's 
prosperity.  October  8,  1891,  Mr.  Carty  was 
married  to  his  present  wife,  whose  maiden  name 


srsTORY  OF  WA.sniKoroy. 


was  Anna  O'Rourke,  a  native  of  county  Car- 
low,  Ireland,  who  is  a  worthy  helpmate.  Their 
marriage  took  place  in  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  after  thirty  years 
spent  in  this  western  land,  in  1890  returned  to 
his  native  land  to  see  his  kindred  and  the  old 
homestead.  After  a  pleasant  visit  there  he  re- 
turned to  his  adopted  home  in  the  Evergreen 
State  of  "Washington,  in  the  land  where  rolls 
tiie  Oregon. 

Politically',  Mr.  Carty  is  a  Democrat  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  local  affairs.  He  has 
served  a  memberof  Clarke  County  Central  Com- 
mittee (if  his  party  and  has  otherwise  aided  the 
cause  of  1  >ciihTr.u'y.  He  is  a  generous  neigii- 
bor,  faithful  I'iIlmkI  and  good  citizen,  a  credit  to 
his  community  and  the  State. 


XDWAIiTH    H.   CHAMBERS,   one  of 
the  enterprising  developers  of  the  city  of 
Olvmjiia,  Washington,  was  born  on  Cham- 
bers" pi-airie,  Thurston  county,  this  State, 
in  1851. 

David  J.  Chambers,  his  father,  was  born  in 
Belfast,  Ireland,  but  his  earliest  recollection  is 
of  Tennessee,  where  he  was  brought  by  his  par- 
ents in  infancy,  who  resided  for  a  number  of 
years  on  the  plantation  of  Andrew  Jackson,  of 
presidential  fame,  for  whom  David's  father  acted 
as  overseer.  David  was  married  in  Missouri  in 
1815  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Harrison,  and  the  sum- 
mer was  passed  on  the  plains  with  his  wife, 
parents  and  brothers  in  their  tedious  journey  to 
Oregon.  After  six  months'  wearisome  travel 
they  arrived  at  The  Dalles  in  Octol>er,  1815, 
and  there  passed  the  winter  in  whipsawing  tim- 
ber, from  which  they  built  a  flat  boat,  12  x  40 
feet,  the  planks  being  fastened  together  with 
wooden  pins  instead  of  spikes.  On  this  their 
cattle  were  ferried  across  the  river,  and  twelve 
families  with  fourteen  wagons  were  transported 
down  the  river  to  Vancouver,  and  thence  through 
Portland  to  Oregon  City.  In  this  vicinity  Mr. 
David  Chambers  settled  on  land  which  he  im- 
proved and  on  which  he  continued  to  reside 
until  1847.  He  then  came  north  of  the  Colum- 
bia river  and  worked  for  one  season  on  the  farm 
of  the  Catholic  mission  on  the  Cowlitz  river, 
threshing  their  wheat  with  horses  in  the  primi- 
tive style.  In  the  fall  of  1848  he  removed  to 
Chambers'  prairie,  and  in  the  spring  of  1850 
settled   on   the  donation   claim  which  he  still 


occupies.  In  1852  he  packed  fifty  fruit  trees 
from  the  Lewellyn  nursery,  near  Oregon  City, 
which  he  planted  on  his  fann,  and  many  are 
still  ijearing  fruit,  his  clierry  tree>  being  among 
the  largest  in  the  Northwest,  the  limbs  covering 
an  area  of  sixty  feet  in  dianieter.  Besides  his 
farming  interests,  Mr.  Chambers  has  been  an 
extensive  dealer  in  beef  cattle.  He  now  owns 
2,600  acres  on  Chambers',  Long  and  Yelme 
prairies,  but  allows  others  to  cultivate  and  man- 
age his  large  estate,  as  he  has  retired  from 
active  pui'suits.  He  is  now  in  his  seventy-third 
year,  although  appearing  much  younger,  being 
still  erect  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  every  faculty. 
His  worthy  wife,  the  sharer  of  his  hardships 
and  success,  also  survives,  and  is  bright  and 
vivacious.  Their  seven  children  are  all  alive 
and  well  settled  in  various  pursuits,  a  credit 
alike  .to  their  parents  and  the  State  in  which 
they  reside. 

Andwarth  II.  Chambers,  whose  name  heads 
this  biography,  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
and  began  his  active  career  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  by  herding  stock  on  his  father's  farm  on 
Velme  prairie.  He  was  thus  engaged  until  he 
arrived  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  when  he 
came  to  Olympia  to  manage  the  city  market, 
established  at  that  place  by  his  father,  the 
arrangement  being  that  he  should  receive  a  half 
interest  in  the  business.  This  partnership  con- 
tinued for  seven  years,  when  Andwarth  pur- 
chased the  entire  business,  which  he  continued 
to  successfully  conduct  until  he  sold  out  in 
1888  and  retired  from  active  pursuits. 

He  has  not,  however,  confined  his  energies 
to  the  one  enterprise  mentioned,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  has  aided  every  noteworthy  undertak- 
ing calculated  to  advance  the  interests  of  his 
community.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Olympia  gas  works  in  1884,  in  which  he 
bought  a  controlling  interest  in  1888.  The 
company  then  estal)lished  the  first  electric  light 
plant  in  the  city,  both  of  which  enterprises  he 
continued  until  July,  1891,  when  they  were 
consolidated  with  the  Olympia  Light  &  Power 
Company,  under  the  latter  name.  The  electric 
works  are  situated  at  Tumwater,  the  company 
owning  the  entire  power  of  the  Des  Chutes 
river,  which,  witli  a  fall  of  eighty-three  feet, 
furnishes  1,000-horse  power  at  extreme  low 
water.  In  1892  this  company  built  the  electric 
street  car  line  running  between  Olympia  and 
Tumwater,  having  four  miles  of  track.  Mr. 
Chambers  is  secretary  and  manager  of  the  entire 


hiSTORt    OF'   WASHINGTON. 


interest,  lu  1887  lie  Ituilt  tlie  Chambers  Block, 
at  tlie  corner  of  Fourth  and  Main  streets,  which 
is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  business  buildings 
in  the  city.  In  1889-'90  he  was  one  of  the 
campaign  committee  who  rendered  such  efhcient 
service  in  securing  the  State  capital  for  ( )lyni- 
pia.  He  was  also  one  of  the  enterprising  citi- 
zens who  erected  the  Olympia  Hotel,  at  a  cost 
of  $115,000,  to  which,  besides  his  liberal  con- 
tribution, he  gave  one  year's  time  in  the  man- 
agement of  construction.  He  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  who  selected  the  site  and  super- 
intended the  erection  of  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  at 
the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Main  streets.  He  has 
also  served  a  number  of  years  as  director  of  the 
First  National  Bank.  He  was  a  niemlier  of  the 
City  Council  for  twelve  years,  serving  several 
terms  as  Mayor  of  the  city.  In  November, 
1891,  he  was  elected  by  the  Democratic  party  a 
Representative  to  the  Legislature  from  Thurs- 
ton county,  serving  to  the  best  of  his  ability  the 
best  interests  of  his  fellow-citizens.  Indeed, 
few  men  have  aided  as  much  in  the  general  ad- 
vancement of  the  State  or  city  in  which  he 
lives,  and  few  more  justly  deserve  the  cotn- 
mendation  of  all  worthy  people. 

Mr.  Chambers  is  an  active  member  of  the  I. 
0.  O.  F.  and  Encampment,  and  has  tilled  all  the 
chairs  of  the  order.  He  is  ever  ready  to  encour- 
age all  worthy  enterprises  tending  to  the  de- 
velopment of  his  native  Slate  and  favorite  city, 
whose  phenomenal  growth  and  advancement  is 
one  of  the  wonders  of  the  age. 

In  1878  Mr.  Chambers  was  married  in  Olym- 
pia to  Miss  Mary  Connell,  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  they  have  four  bright  and  active 
children:  Flora,  Ida,  Faitii  and  Hope. 


'€^:i)^' 


W.  ANDERSON,  one  of  the  successful 
business  men  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 
T^  La  Fortecounty,  Indiana,  May  31,  1858, 
a  son  of  P.  J.  and  Charlotte  Anderson, 
natives  of  Sweden.  The  parents  emigrated  to 
America  in  1854,  but  both  are  now  deceased. 
A.  W".  Anderson  was  educated  in  his  native 
State,  where  he  early  learned  the  dairying  busi- 
ness. He  spent  several  months  in  North 
Dakota,  and  about  eight  years  ago  located  in 
Portland,  Oregon.  In  the  former  place  he  fol- 
lowed his  trade,  and  in  the  latter  place  con- 
ducted a  wood   yard,  grocery  stoi-e  and  express 


business.  In  July,  1891,  Mr.  Anderson  pur- 
chased the  creamery  of  Osborn  &  Preston, 
located  on  the  Columbia  river,  five  miles  east 
of  Vancouver,  Clarke  county,  Washington.  The 
milk  is  purchased  from  the  neighboring  farms, 
and  the  plant  is  run  by  water  power,  making 
from  forty  to  ninety  pounds  of  butter  daily, 
which  is  of  the  best  quality,  and  finds  ready 
sale  in  the  Portland  market.  Although  this  is 
not  a  plant  of  great  magnitude,  it  is  not  ex- 
celled for  neatness  and  cleanliness  in  the  North- 
west, and  the  product  is  second  to  no  creamery 
in  the  State.  Mr.  Anderson  owns  valuable 
timber  land  in  Clackamas  county,  Oregon, 
takes  an  active  interest  in  all  public  enterprises, 
and  is  a  worthy  and  progressive  citizen. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  Oregon,  Octo- 
ber 20,  1889,  to  Huldah  C.  Peterson,  a  native 
of  Sweden.     They  have  one  child,  Ernest  J. 


CHARLES  M.  ANDERSON,  one  of  the 
active  young  business  men  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  Lexington,  Illinois,  January  3, 
1868,  the  eldest  son  of  Prof.  Alexander  J.  and 
Maria  L.  (Phelps)  Anderson.  The  education  of 
our  subject,  with  the  exception  of  two  years, 
was  pursued  in  institutions  of  learning  under 
the  direct  management  of  his  father,  and,  being 
a  boy  of  more  tlian  natural  brightness,  his  prog- 
ress was  very  rapid.  His  studies  were  com- 
pleted at  the  Pacific  University,  at  Forest 
Grove,  Washington.  During  his  summer  vaca- 
tions, and  when  opportunity  ofl"ered,  he  took  up 
the  practical  duties  of  civil  engineering.  Com- 
pleting his  studies  in  1874,  J3r.  Anderson  fol- 
lowed clerking  in  Portland  and  steamboating 
on  the  Williamette  and  Columbia  rivers  until 
January  1,  1878.  He  then  came  to  Seattle,  as 
instructor  in  mathematics  at  the  University  of 
Washington,  and  also  to  establish  and  build  a 
commercial  department  at  the  University. 
After  three  and  a  half  years  in  this  occupation, 
he  opened  an  office  in  Seattle,  engaged  in  sur- 
veying in  a  general  line  of  citj'  and  county 
work,  and  was  also  Deputy  United  States  Min- 
eral Surveyor.  Mr.  Anderson  has  ever  since 
continued  in  this  line  of  work,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  winters  spent  in  Walla  Walla,  while 
relieving  his  brothers  in  their  work.  One  of 
those  seasons  was  passed  in  the  bank,  and  the 
other  in   filling  the  chair  of   mathematics    in 


EISTORT    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Whitman  College.  Onr  subject  served  one 
term  as  Surveyor  of  King  county,  and  has  es- 
tablished for  himself  the  reputation  of  careful 
and  accurate  workmansliiji,  and,  although  now 
not  as  active  in  the  line  of  eiiginee'i-ing  as  I'ui- 
merly,  is  frequently  called  upon  where  the 
work  requires  close  calculation.  Of  late  years  he 
has  been  more  particularly  engaged  in  tiie  buy- 
ing, selling  and  handlino;  of  real  estate,  mining 
interests  and   loan   investment  business. 

In  military  matters  Mr.  Anderson  has  been 
especially  active.  His  military  education  was 
received  in  Portland,  from  General  Howard's 
statf  otiicers.  After  coming  to  this  city  he 
worked  up  a  battalion  at  the  University,  of 
which  he  was  elected  commander.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Seattle  RiHes,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  Chinese  riots  of  1886. 
During  the  period  of  martial  law,  he  was  sta- 
tioned at  the  front  door  of  the  courthouse, 
and  controlled  all  exits  and  entries.  He  was 
appointed  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  with 
rank  of  Major,  on  the  staff  of  General  O'Brien, 
and  became  organizing  otticer  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington, organizing  tlie  Second  Kegiment,  X. 
G.  W.  He  was  elected  Colonel,  and  became 
the  first  commanding  Colonel  of  Washington, 
his  commission  preceding  that  of  the  Colimel  of 
the  First  Regiment.  Mr.  Anderson  resigned 
from  this  office  when  he  returned  to  Seattle. 

He  was  married  in  this  city,  September  19, 
1889,  to  Miss  Laura  B.  McBherson,  a  native  of 
Canada.     Tliey  have  one  child,  Mary  Isabella. 


5H.  PILES. — Attained  eminence  in  that 
profession  which  demands  of  its  follow- 
ers not  only  a  marked  native  ability  of 
specific  order,  but  also  the  according  of  careful, 
prolonged  and  discerning  study,  stands  ever  as 
an  unmistakable  evidence  that  the  demands  in 
either  particular  have  been  recognized  and  ful- 
tilled.  He  whose  biography  is  here  briefly  con- 
sidered is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  representa- 
tive and  most  able  attorneys  of  Seattle,  and 
such  recognition  never  comes  save  when  merited. 
S.  H.  Piles  was  born  in  Livingston  county, 
Kentucky,  December  28,  1858,  his  parents, 
Samuel  H.  and  Gabriella  (Lilliard)  Piles,  being 
also  natves  of  that  same  old  State.  Samuel 
Piles  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  but  also 
Qperated  a  large  plantation  in  the  famous   blue 


grass  region,  and  was  for  many  years  Sheriff 
and  Treasurer  of  Livingston  county.  He  was  a 
man  of  considerable  prominence  in  both  local 
anil  State  aliaii's.  Our  subject  secured  his  pre- 
liuiiuaiy  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  State,  and,  wdiile  in  adolescent  years, 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  the  otHce  of  his 
father,  at  Paducah,  being  admitted  to  tiie  bar 
in  1875,  when  only  seventeen  years  of  age.  He 
remained  with  his  father  until  1876,  when  he 
went  to  Washington,  Kansas,  and  entered  the 
otiice  of  T.  J.  Humes,  the  present  Superior 
Judge  at  Seattle.  Here  he  remained  until  1881, 
giving  his  attention  so  the  routine  work  of  the 
office  and  to  general  practice.  He  then  mi- 
grated to  the  Black  hills  of  Dakota,  and  in  that 
section  taught  school  for  a  period  of  eight 
months,  at  the  end  of  that  time  again  "pulling 
up  stakes"  and  going  to  Arizona,  where  he  de- 
voted himself  to  teaching  and  prospecting. 
Here  he  remained  until  1883.  In  that  year  he 
gave  full  indulgence  to  his  roving  propensities. 
With  two  companions  and  a  mining  outfit,  he 
proceeded  to  Juneau,  Alaska.  There  the  party 
secured  the  services  of  a  guide  and  of  an  e.xpert 
miner  and  proceeded  to  the  interior.  The  pros- 
pecting tour  resulted  only  in  the  "discovery" 
of  all  manner  of  privations,  hardships  and  con- 
stantly increasing  expense,  incidental  to  the 
work  and  maintenance  of  the  venturesome  little 
party,  and  after  a  few  months,  deeming  "  discre- 
tion the  better  part  of  valor,"  Mr.  Piles  deter- 
terrained  to  retrace  his  steps  and  to  set  sail  for 
"tlie  lower  country"  and  to  once  more  take  up 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  The  Alaska  trip 
had  entailed  a  considerable  pecuniary  outlay  and 
Mr.  Piles  found  it  expedient  to  uplift  his  some- 
what supine  fortune.  With  this  end  in  view, 
he  located  in  Snohomish,  Washington,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1883,  being  equipped  at  that  time  with  the 
munificent  cash  capital  of  1^5.  The  town  had  a 
population  of  about  400  individuals,  but  our 
subject  applied  himself  diligently  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession  and  secured  a  generous  quota 
of  the  legal  business  of  the  section.  In  the 
spring  of  1886  he  removed  to  Spokane  Falls, 
being  desirous  of  establishing  himself  in  a 
larger  town,  affording  a  wider  field  of  labor. 
However,  after  passing  the  summer  in  Spokane 
Falls,  he  returned  to  the  Puget  Sound  country, 
and  located  permanently  at  Seattle,  where  he 
entered  into  a  copartnershij)  with  J.  T.  Ronald, 
the  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  King,  Kitsap  and 
Snohomish  counties.     Mr.  Piles  was  appointed 


HISTORY    OF    WASHtNGTO^N. 


Deputy  Proitciitor  and  filled  that  position  with 
signal  ability  until  the  expiration  of  Mr. 
Ronald's  term,  in  March,  1889,  when  they  both 
engaged  in  an  active  general  practice  in  the 
courts  of  the  State.  They  have  since  had  a 
representative  clientage  in  King  and  the  ad- 
joining connties,  and  have  been  professionally 
and  successfully  concerned  in  many  of  the  most 
notable  litigations  in  the  State. 

September  15, 1891,  at  Henderson,  Kentucky, 
Mr.  Piles  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Alary 
15arnard,  one  of  those  interesting  and  accom- 
plished young  ladies  who  have  given  so  peculiar 
a  distinction  to  the  State  which  is  famed  for  its 
l>eautifnl  women.  One  child,  Ross  Barnard,  has 
blessed  this  happy  union.  Mr.  Piles  affiliates 
with  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  being  a  member 
of  the  uniform  rank  of  tliat  order,  and  he  is 
also  a  member  of  the  local  organization  of  the 
Improved  Order  of  Red  Mem.  His  career  in 
Seattle  has  been  one  of  successful  practice  and 
financial  advancement,  and  he  has  obtained  an 
enviable  reputation  among  the  professional  men 
of  Seattle  and  the  Northwest,  being  higlily  es- 
teemed in  both  business  and  social  relations. 


YRUS  F.  YEATOTs^,  an  important  mem- 
ber of  the  business  fraternity  of  Seattle, 
Washington,  being  half  owner  of  the  iron 
works  in  that  city  under  the  firm  name  of  West- 
erman  cV  Yeaton,  was  born  on  the  extreme 
eastern  side  of  the  Amei-ican  continent,  at 
Summersworth,  New  Hampshire,  in  February, 
1837.  He  comes  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  families  of  New  Hampshire,  his  parents, 
Leavitt  H.  and  Mary  J.  (Wentworth)  Yeaton, 
having  been  born  in  the  same  town  as  himself, 
on  the  site  of  which  their  ancestors  settled  in 
the  early  history  of  the  State  and  where  the 
forefathers  followed  agricultural  pursuits. 

Gyrus  F.  Yeaton  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  town  and  also  at  South  Berwick 
Academy,  one  of  the  noted  institutions  of  learn- 
ing of  that  period.  He  resided  with  his  parents 
on  the  home  farm  and  followed  agricultural 
pursuits  until  1857,  when,  inspired  by  ambition 
and  a  desire  to  see  the  world,  he  went  to  Bos- 
ton and  entered  a  wholesale  grocery  store  as 
clerk,  remaining  there  two  years.  He  after- 
ward spent  one  year  in  learning  the  provision 
business,  and   then  started  a  store  on  his  own 


account  in  Maiden,  a  suburban  town  of  Boston, 
where  lie  continued  with  success  until  he  closed 
out  in  1864.  He  was  married  about  this  time 
and  with  his  wife  shortly  afterward  embarked 
for  the  Pacilic  coast,  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the 
far  West,  of  which  so  many  favorable  reports 
had  been  circulated.  They  took  a  steamer  at 
New  York  city  and  went  via  the  Panama  route, 
arriving  in  the  course  of  several  months  in 
Portland,  Oregon.  From  there  he  proceeded, 
after  a  few  months  to  Salem,  the  same  Territory, 
at  whicli  latter  point  he  engaged  in  the  station- 
ery business,  which  he  successfully  continued 
until  1872.  At  this  time,  owing  to  the  general 
excitement  in  anticipation  of  the  ''boom"  to 
land  values  and  comTiiercial  interests,  which  was 
to  be  realized  from  the  building  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad,  then  in  course  of  construction 
through  Washington,  Mr.  Yeaton  removed  to 
the  present  site  of  Spokane  Fails,  and  in  part- 
nership with  J.  N.  Glover  and  J.  N.  Matheny, 
both  of  Salem,  formed  the  firm  of  Matheny, 
Glover  A:  Yeaton.  They,  then,  purchased  the 
squatter  right  of  Downing  &  Scranton,  wlio 
were  at  that  time  operating  a  small  mill  at  the 
falls,  and  they  erected  a  new  mill  with  im- 
proved machinery,  opened  a  small  store,  and 
founded  the  town  of  Spokane.  Three  months 
later,  the  failure  of  Jay  Cooke  stopped  the  rail- 
road enterprise,  and  the  business  outlook  be- 
came exceedingly  discouraging.  Still,  they 
struggled  along  and,  by  trading  merchandise 
with  the  Indians  for  furs,  the  firm  secured  a 
scanty  support.  At  the  time  of  the  Govern- 
ment survey  of  the  land  in  1874,  the  firm  ob- 
tained 160  acres  by  ])re-emption,  wliicli  area 
covered  a  proportionate  part  of  the  water  power. 
With  meager  prospects  for  a  town,  however,  and 
little  opportunity  for  business,  the  firm  dis- 
solved in  1876,  and  Mr.  Y^eaton  gave  up  his  in- 
terest, on  condition  of  being  relieved  from  all 
indebtedness,  and  "flat  broke"  returned  to 
Salem.  In  the  summer  of  this  year,  two  com- 
panies of  soldiers  were  stationed  at  Spokane  and 
established  the  Government  port,  and  in  the 
following  fall,  Mr.  Y'eaton  returned  with  a 
small  stock  of  goods  and  opened  a  post  store, 
for  the  purpose  of  trading  with  the  soldiers  and 
Indians.  In  the  summer  of  the  following  year 
of  1877,  Mr.  Yeaton  was  appointed  Post  Trader 
at  Fort  Sherman,  on  Coeur  d'Alene  lake,  iu 
Idaho,  to  which  point  he  removed  his  stock  and 
there  successfully  operated  a  large  store  for  five 
years.     Then,  owing  to  the  failure  of  his  wife's 


IIISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


health,  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  California, 
where  he  followed  ranching  for  two  years,  near 
St.  Helena,  in  Napa  county.  In  1885,  he  once 
more  removed  to  Washington  Territory,  this 
time  settling  in  Snohomish,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business,  remaining  there 
about  three  years.  He  then,  in  1888,  I'enioved 
to  Seattle,  his  present  abode,  where  he  engaged 
in  buying  and  selling  city  real-estate  and  also 
attended  to  the  development  of  vaiualde  silver 
niines  in  Utah.  Some  time  later,  in  May,  1892, 
he  bought  a  half  interest  in  the  Westernian 
Iron  Works,  in  Seattle,  the  firm  becoming 
Westerujan  &  Yeaton,  and  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  heavy  forgings,  steamboat  work,  and 
bridge  contracting  and  building  in  stone,  wood, 
and  iron.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  entei'prises 
in  the  State  and  has  had  much  to  do  in  the  de- 
velopment of  Seattle  and  vicinity,  increasing 
their  growth  and  adding  to  their  prosperity. 

In  1864,  Mr.  Yeaton  was  married  to  Eliza- 
beth C.  Bates,  of  Portland,  Maine,  who  has  been 
a  faithful  helpmeet,  sharing  the  hardships  of 
frontier  life  and  contributing  by  her  devotion 
and  assistance  to  her  husband's  prosperity. 
They  have  one  child :  Lnlu,  the  wife  of  War- 
ren L.  Gazzam,  a  prominent  insurance  man  of 
Seattle. 

Although  not  an  aspirant  foi- political  honors, 
Mr.  Yeaton  has  served  twice  as  I'ostmaster,  first 
at  Spokane,  at  a  salary  of  $1  a  month,  and  after- 
ward at  Fort  Sherman,  his  incunii)ency  of  both 
positions  being  marked  by  thoroughness,  promp- 
titude and  integi'ity.  Fratei-nally,  Mr.  Yeaton 
affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  I.  O.  O.  F. 
He  is  careful  and  conscientious,  strictly  honest 
in  his  dealings,  and  is  a  valuable  adjunct  to  the 
business  interests  of  Seattle. 

jMfON.     MICHAEL    S.  DliEW,     a    well- 
rpM     known     and     honored     pioneer    of    the 
I     4a    Puget  Sound    country,    in   the   develop- 
1^  meut  of  which  he  has  played  a  promin- 

ent part,  has  placed  a  whole  continent  between 
himself  and  the  city  of  his  birth,  that  event 
having  occurred  in  Machias,  Maine,  January  5, 
1827.  His  parents,  Alexander  and  Zyipha 
(Small)  Drew,  were  also  natives  of  the  Pine 
Tree  State  and  were  distinguished  for  their  in- 
dustrious habits  and  high  moral  character.  The 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch   wiis   a  car- 


penter by  trade  and  gained  a  modest  income. 
Having  a  large  family,  however,  and  many  de- 
mands on  his  support,  he  was  unable  to  give 
his  children  those  educational  advantages,  which, 
with  the  present  system  of  public  schools,  are 
in  the  reach  of  all.  He  and  his  worthy  wife 
took  the  place  of  other  teachers,  and  taught 
them  those  principles  of  industry,  economy  and 
honesty,  which  have  raised  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  to  financial  prosperity  and  universal 
esteem  of  his  fellow  men. 

Michael  was  thus  early  inured  to  exertion, 
his  first  work  being  in  a  lath  mill,  where  he 
commenced  with  light  tasks  at  25  cents  a  day, 
from  which,  with  increasing  years  and  strength, 
he  passed  through  the  several  experiences  of 
logging  and  milling,  until  he  became  an  ex- 
pert in  every  department  of  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. Arriving  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he 
joined,  in  1848,  the  western  tide  of  emigration, 
going  to  Minnesota,  then  on  the  frontier  of 
civilization,  to  which  place  he  made  his  way 
overland  and  by  the  rivers  and  lakes,  camping 
on  the  present  site  of  Chicago  when  the  land 
there  was  an  unimproved  swamj).  Thus  travel- 
ing, he  arrived  in  due  time  at  St.  Anthony 
Falls,  Minnesota,  w^here  he  engaged  in  the  log- 
ging business,  which  he  followed  four  years.  In 
the  meantime,  California  had  suddenly  sprung 
into  prominence  through  the  gold  excitement, 
and  many  men  of  energy  and  intelligence  were 
seeking  fortunes  in  tbe  West.  Accordingly, 
Mr.  Drew  also  determined  to  visit  the  Pacific 
coast  and  with  that  end  in  view,  went  from  Wis- 
consin to  JSlew  York  city,  where  he  embarked, 
via  the  Panama  route,  tor  California,  arriving 
at  San  Francisco  October  26,  1852,  with  but  25 
cents  iu  his  pocket.  Mining  was  the  prevailing 
industry  at  that  time,  but  Mr.  Drew  preferred 
to  follow  his  accustomed  business,  and,  going 
from  San  Francisco  to  Grass  Valley,  he  found 
employment  in  that  town  in  a  sawmill  at  the 
munificent  salary  of  $400  a  month,  where  he 
remained  two  years.  He  then  spent  one  year 
in  the  red  woods,  near  Iledwood  City,  after  he 
visited  the  southern  and  midland  mines  of  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  exhausted  his  means  and  met 
wit4i  no  success.  From  there  he  returned  to 
San  Francisco,  where  he  secured  passage  on  the 
bark  Live  Yankee,  on  which  ho  came  to  Puget 
Sound,  landing  at  Port  Ganililc,  Soptrmber  22, 
1855.  He  here  began  work  b.r  the' Puget  Mill 
Company  as  filei-  of  ?a\vs,  and  alter  t\V(j  years  in 
their  service  was   promoteil   tn  tin'   position  of 


insTOET    OP     WASHINGTON. 


assistant  foreman  under  Cyrus  "Walker,  another 
old  and  respected  pioneer,  and  Mr.  Drew  thus 
continued  until  1871.  He  was  then  appointed 
Collector  of  Customs  of  the  Puget  Sound  Dis- 
trict, by  Pi'esident  U.  S.  Grant,  and  the  public 
service  thus  begun  has  been  continued  iu  vari- 
ous capacities  until  a  short  time  ago,  his  public 
career  being  distinguished  by  a  prompt  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  and  thorough  integrity  in 
in  every  detail.  lie  removed  to  Port  Townsend 
in  pursuance  of  the  requirements  of  his  office, 
where  he  acted  in  that  capacity  for  two  years. 
He  then  passed  about  eighteen  months  in 
Olympia,  after  which  he  once  more  returned  to 
Port  Gamble  as  foreman  of  the  Puget  Mill, 
where  he  conuinued  until  1890.  He  then  re- 
signed his  position  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  first  State  Legislature,  and  removed  to  Se- 
attle, the  capital,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Since  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  he  has 
been  engaged  in  looking  after  his  private  in- 
trests  with  an  occasional  deal  in  real  estate. 

October  13,  1864,  Mr.  Drew  was  married  in 
Tumwater,  Washington,  to  Miss  loabella  Biles, 
daughter  of  James  Biles,  the  pioneer  tanner  of 
the  State,  who  came  to  Washington  in  1853. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Drew  have  tiiree  children:  Ed- 
ward L.,  Ahbie  A.  and  Cyrus  W. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Drew  affiliates  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  the  F.  &  A.  M.  Socially,  he  is 
unostentatious  and  retiring,  although  easily  ap- 
proached, and  no  one  is  more  worthy  to  share 
Washington's  prosperity  than  Mr.  Drew,  who 
is  one  of  her  foremost  citizens. 


r. 


APTAIN  JOHN  B.  LIBBY,  Manager  of 
II  Y\  the  Puget  Sound  Tug  Boat  Company  and 
^^  a  prominent  citizen  of  Port  Townsend, 
Washington,  was  born  at  West  Liberty,  West 
Virginia,  in  1852.  He  was  the  youngest  of 
four  children,  and  accompanied  his  mother  to 
San  Francisco  in  1854,  to  join  his  father,  Will- 
iam Brown,  a  California  pioneer  of  1849. 
Siiortly  after  her  arrival  on  the  western  coast, 
Mrs.  Brown  died,  and  the  father,  being  unable 
to  give  proper  attention  to  his  four  children, 
jilaced  them  in  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum, 
in  San  P'raiicisco.  In  1857,  when  five  years  of 
age,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  adopted  by 
Captain  S.  D.  and  Sarah  A.  Libby,  and  assumed 
their  name.     His  foster  parents  were  natives  of 


Maine  and  were  California  pioneers  of  1849. 
His  foster  father  was  engaged  for  a  few  years  in 
the  mines  of  California,  after  which  he  was  em- 
ployed at  pile  driving  and  wharf  building  in 
San  Francisco.  During  the  Frazer  river  gold 
excitement,  in  1858,  he  brought  his  pile-driving 
machinery  to  Whatcom,  Washington,  where  he 
constructed  the  first  wharf  on  Puget  Sound,  and 
later  built  also  the  wharves  at  Steilacoom, 
Tacoma,  Seattle  and  other  important  points.  In 
1861,  he  built  a  boat  at  Utsaladdy,  which  he 
called  the  "J.  B.  Libby,"  with  which  he  en- 
gaged in  the  tug  business,  and  was  thus  em- 
ployed in  various  parts  of  the  Sound  until  his 
death,  in  1889,  sincerely  lamented  by  all  who 
knew  him.  Both  he  and  his  worthy  wife  were 
noble  specimens  of  humanity  and  enjoyed  the 
universal  respect  of  their  fellow-men. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  the 
Territorial  University  at  Seattle,  and,  in  1869, 
began  the  practical  study  of  navigation  on  his 
father's  boat,  on  which  he  remained  four  years, 
and  became  proficient  in  every  department  of 
his  chosen  calling.  In  1873,  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Port  Madison  Mill  Company,  as 
master  of  their  tug  boat,  with  whom  he  con- 
tinued to  March,  1877.  He  then  went  to  San 
Francisco  and  fitted  up  a  tug  boat  for  G.  W. 
Prescott  &  Company,  of  the  Freeport  mill,  and 
brought  it  to  the  Sound,  continuing  in  their 
employ  for  one  year.  He  then  engaged  in  the 
tug  boat  service  of  the  Port  Blakeley  Mill  Com- 
pany, with  whom  he  continued  in  that  capacity 
and  other  positions  of  trust  for  nine  years.  In 
1887,  he  entered  the  stevedore  business  at  Port 
Townsend  and,  in  1888,  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Tacoma  Mill  Company  as  captain  of  their 
tug  boat,  with  other  duties  in  buying  logs, 
shipping  lumber,  etc.,  remaining  with  them  un- 
1891.  He  then  organized  the  Puget  Sound  Tug 
Boat  Company,  with  headquarters  at  Port 
Townsend,  and  became  manager  of  the  business. 
The  stock  of  this  important  enterprise  is  largely 
owned  by  the  Tacoma  Mill  Company,  Port 
Blakeley  Mill  Company,  Puget  Sound  Mill 
Company  and  Washington  Mil!  Company.  The 
Puget  Sound  Tug  Boat  Company  conducts  a 
general  tugging  business,  having  six  large  tugs, 
which  are  kept  cruising  off  the  straits  and  tow- 
ing ships  from  the  sea  to  the  various  ports  on 
the  Sound  and  British  Columbia  shore.  The 
company  also  owns  six  smaller  tugs,  whicii  are 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  vai-ious  mills. 
Indeed,  this  enterprise  tills  a  long-felt  need  and 


eistohy  of  wmuington. 


is  meeting  with  deserved  prosperity,  the  result 
of  efficient  and  honest  service,  directly  traceable 
to  tlie  excellent  management  of  Captain  Libby, 
than  wlioni  no  more  capable  boat  man  exists. 

The  C'Rptain  was  married  at  Seattle,  in  1872, 
to  Miss  Mary  E.  Collins,  a  native  of  Maine, and 
eldest  daughter  of  Hon.  John  Collins,  of  Seat- 
tle. Captain  Libby  was  called  upon  to  inonrn 
the  death  of  his  wife  in  March,  IHS-i,  who 
left  two  children  to  his  care:  Emma  K.  and 
Granville  F. 

Fraternally,  the  Captain  affiliates  with  the 
endowment  rank  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  In  his  various  relations  with  his  fellow- 
men  he  has  been  found  to  be  just  and  capable, 
and  deservedly  enjoys  the  respect  of  all  who 
know  him. 


IMfENRY  BASH,  United    States  Shipping 
Ip^l    Commissioner  at  Port  Townsend,  Wash- 
J     L    ington,    a    capable    business    man    and 
17  esteemed  citizen,  was  born  in  Stark  coun- 

ty, Ohio,  May  18,  1825.  His  parents,  John 
and  Margaret  (Bloom)  Bash,  were  natives  of 
Maryland  and  England  respectively.  Their 
marriage  occurred  in  Maryland,  whence  they 
removed,  about  1811,  to  Ohio,  then  on  the  west- 
ern frontier.  Here  the  fatlier  followed  farm- 
ing, and  subsequently  engaged  in  expounding 
the  doctrine  of  the  United  Brethren  society,  of 
which  denomination  he  was  an  active  and  earn- 
est minister  for  thirty  years. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  Ohio  and  en- 
joyed the  added  blessing  of  a  cultured  and 
refined  home,  where  were  laid  the  foundations 
of  a  character  which  has  wi-ought  success  out 
of  difficulties.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  Henry 
l)egan  mercantile  life  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  at 
Navarre,  Stark  county,  where  he  subsequently 
engaged  in  business  for  himself.  He  was  later 
on  married,  and  in  1855  removed  to  lioanoke, 
Indiana,  where  he  followed  mercantile  and 
other  pursuits.  During  the  war  he  was  an  ex- 
tensive purchaser  of  horses  and  cattle  for  the 
Federal  troops,  conducting  a  successful  and 
profitable  business.  In  the  spring  of  1888  Mr. 
Bash  removed  to  Port  Townsend,  where  his 
son,  Albert  W.  Bash,  was  acting  as  Collector  of 
Customs.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Bash, 
of  this  notice,  w'as  appointed  Inspector  of  Cus- 
toms, and,  on   the  passage  of  the  Dingley   bill 


in  1883,  establishing  the  office  of  United  States 
Shipping  Commissioner  at  Port  Townsend,  he 
was  appointed  to  that  position  in  by  President 
Arthur.  So  well  did  he  perform  the  duties  in- 
cumbent on  him  that  lie  was  not  removed  dur- 
ing the  Cleveland  administration  of  1885  to 
1889,  and  still  retains  his  office,  which  facts  are 
a  lasting  tribute  to  his  capability  and  honesty. 

In  1845  Mr.  Bash  was  married,  at  Navarre, 
to  Miss  Susan  Weimer,  a  native  of  Stark  coun- 
ty, Ohio.  Both  her  father  and  grandfather  were 
born  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
They  have  nine  children,  four  sons  and  five 
daughters,  and  seventeen  grandchildren,  whose 
merry  prattle  enlivens  and  keeps  young  the 
hearts  of  the  grandparents. 

Mr.  Bash  is  a  Trustee  and  one  of  the  most 
active  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Port  Townsend,  and  it  was  through  his  personal 
efforts  and  generous  liberality  that  the  present 
handsome  edifice  was  erected  and  furnished  in 
1889. 

□  After  forty-eight  years  of  married  life  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Bash  are  beautiful  examples  of  ma- 
ture age,  possessing  in  a  high  degree  those 
cheerful  Christian  virtues,  which  render  their 
home  attractive  to  all  privileged  to  enter  there- 
in and  at  the  same  time  exert  a  most  powerful, 
though  quiet,  influence  on  others  for  good  and 


riirht  livin, 


^^^H--^'^ 


P)AUL  W  WALSH  was  born  in  Portland, 
Oregon,  on  the  4th  of  December,  1862. 
His  parents  were  John  E.  and  Bertha 
(Quinlan)  Walsh.  The  former,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  came  to  Oregon  in  1859,  while  the 
latter,  a  native  of  Staten  Island,  New  York,  and 
a  member  of  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of 
that  place,  reached  Oregon  in  1861. 

They  were  married  in  Portland,  where  his 
father  died  in  Noveml)er,  1889,  and  where  his 
mother  still  resides. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  Portland  and 
attended  the  public  schools  of  tliatcity. 

He  learned  the  trade  of  harness  making  and 
saddlery  with  J.  O.  Cougle,  now  deceased,  who 
was  located  on  Front  street,  between  Stark  and 
Washington  streets.  He  worked  tlioic  for  three 
years  as  journeyman  and  then  went  to  .San  Fran- 
cisco, whei-e  he  worked  for  two  years,  and  then 
to  Portland,  and  a  month  later  to  Tacoina, 
wliere  he  wj\5  employed  as  foreuian  in  an  estab 


UISTOEY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


lishment,  which  position  he  retained  until  May 
1,  1891,  when  he  started  in  business  for  himself 
on  Eleventh  street,  afterwai-d  moving,  on  March 
1,  1892,  to  his  present  location, — 107  South 
Tenth  street. 

He  was  married  in  Tacoma  on  March  16, 
1887,  to  MisB  Mary  Egan,  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Mr.  AValsh  is  a  member  of  the  No.  7  Uni- 
form Rank,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  is  Captain 
of  the  New  Division  A.  O.  U.  W.,  No.  32.  He 
joined  the  North  Guard  of  Oregon  in  1877  in 
Company  A,  First  Regiment,  and  later  was 
promoted  to  First  Sergeant;  and  afterward  was 
promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  in  Company  C, 
First  Washington.  He  held  the  position  of 
Second  Lieutenant  of  the  State  Regiment  under 
General  Curry,  which  he  resigned. 

DjAFJUS  M.  ROSS,  a  resident  of  Pierce 
!  county,  Washington,  is  a  man  whose  early 
— '  euiigratiou  to  the  Northwest  and  whose 
intimate  acquaintance  with  pioneer  life  entitles 
him  to  more  than  a  passing  notice  in  this  work. 
The  following  facts  in  regard  to  Ins  life  have 
been  gleaned  for  publication: 

Darius  M.  Ross  was  born  on  a  farm  between 
Meadville  and  Mercer,  Mercer  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, August  25,  1825,  son  of  Edward  Car- 
penter and  Mary  (Axtell)  Ross.  Edward  C. 
Ross  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  in  which  State 
the  Ross  family  was  located  prior  to  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  they  having  originated  in  Scot- 
land. From  New  Jersey  he  went  to  Mercer 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  the  original 
settler  on  his  laud,  which  he  cleared.  He  was 
married  there,  his  wife  being  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Pennsylvania,  of  English  extrac- 
tion. In  1835  they  removed  from  Pennsylvania 
to  Delaware  county,  Ohio.  That  was  when 
Delaware  county  was  all  covered  with  timber. 
There  the  father  died  in  June,  1837.  In  1839 
the  rest  of  the  family  emigrated  to  Linn  county, 
Iowa,  making  the  journey  by  wagon  and  cross- 
ing the  Mississippi  at  Davenport,  and  here  they 
again  became  pioneers.  In  Linn  county  the 
mother  died  in  September,  18iG. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  Darius 
M.  Ross  grew  up  in  pioneer  settlements,  being 
a  youth  in  his  'teens  when  he  removed  with  his 
mother  to  Iowa.     In  Linn  countv,  that   State, 


he  was  married,  and  in  1851,  still  imbued  with 
the  spirit  of  emigration  and  a  desire  to  come 
still  further  West,  he  and  his  wife  started  across 
the  plains  for  the  Pacilic  coast.  They  oiitfitted 
at  Marion,  having  three  yoke  of  oxen  and  one 
yoke  of  cows,  and  some  of  their  relatives  were 
members  of  the  party.  Proceeding  westward, 
they  joined  what  became  known  as  the  "  Tele- 
graph Train,"  which  contained  between  fifty 
and  sixty  well-armed  men,  and  which  laid  by  on 
Sundays.  They  crossed  the  Missouri  river  at 
Kanesville,  when  there  were  twenty-one  wagons 
in  the  train,  which  number,  however,  was  after- 
ward increased,  and  they  had  from  twenty-three 
to  twenty-eight  all  the  way  out.  Although  they 
were  familiar  with  pioneer  life  and  frontier 
scenes,  this  long  and  tedious  journey  across  the 
plains  was  one  fraught  with  many  new  experi- 
ences and  not  a  few  dangers,  the  Indians  fre- 
quently causing  them  trouble.  A  full  account 
of  the  trip,  with  its  many  amusing  and  thrilling 
incidents,  were  it  written  up,  would  make  a 
long  and  interesting  story.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  they  finally  reached  Portland,  September 
12,  1851,  having  been  all  the  time  from  Ajiril 
15  on  the  road. 

Mrs.  Ross  was  sick  when  they  arrived  at 
Portland,  and  they  went  to  Milwaukee,  wiiere 
they  remained  two  months.  Then  they  went 
down  the  Columbia  to  Rainier  and  stayed  there 
during  the  winter,  Mr.  Ross  keeping  a  wood- 
yard.  In  the  spring  he  took  up  a  claim  on  the 
Washington  side,  six  miles  below  there,  buying 
the  few  improvements  which  had  been  made  by 
a  former  settler.  This  donation  claim  of  Mr. 
Ross  was  about  six  and  a  half  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Cowlitz.  Three  years  later  he 
bought  a  good  ranch  in  Beaver  valley,  Oregon, 
back  of  Rainier,  it  being  then  the  finest  place  in 
that  section.  After  four  and  a  half  years,  how- 
ever, they  left  that  locality  on  account  of  its 
sparse  population,  the  settlers  being  so  few  that 
there  were  no  schools.  They  then  moved  dow-n 
the  river,  a  little  above  Westport,  but  on  the 
same  slough.  Two  years  and  a  half  later  they 
again  changed  their  location,  this  time  to  a 
place  about  seven  miles  from  Portland,  being 
determined  to  get  in  a  community  where  there 
were  good  schools.  In  September,  1863,  they 
came  to  Pierce  county,  Washington,  and  settled 
on  a  prairie.  The  following  year  Mr.  Ross  took 
claim  to  the  tract  of  land  on  which  he  now  re- 
sides, and  in  the  spring  of  1865  moved  here. 
This  place  was   then  all  a  dense  forest,  and  all 


HISTORY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


the  improvements  here  have  been  made  by  him. 

Mr.  Riiss'  marriage  in  Linn  county,  Iowa, 
has  already  been  referred  to.  This  event  oc- 
cnrred  October  9,  1848,  the  lady  of  his  choice 
being  Miss  Eliza  Jane  Stewart,  a  native  of  Bond 
county,  Illinois,  born  abont  live  miles  from 
Greenville,  in  1830,  daughter  of  William  M. 
and  Ann  (Laughlin)  Stewart.  Her  father  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch  descent,  and 
was  a  Presbyterian.  In  1838  he  removed  with 
liis  family  to  Johnson  county,  Iowa,  and  located 
near  Iowa  City;  emigrated  to  Washington  in 
1873;  died  here  in  1884,  aged  ninety-one  years. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Ross  was  born  in  South 
Carolina,  and  was  descended,  on  the  maternal 
side,  from  the  Dalrymples,  one  of  the  oldest 
families  of  the  Palmetto  State,  her  father,  Mr. 
Laughlin,  having  left  the  South  on  aeeoimt  of 
liis  aversion  to  slavery.  She  died  in  John.son 
county,  Iowa,  in  1846.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ross 
have  liad  seven  children,  of  whom  live  are  liv- 
ing, viz.:  Charles  II.;  Alice  M.,  wife  of  Will- 
iam Carey;  Stewart;  Albert  Sumner;  Millie, 
wife  of  Elbridge  Bartlett;  and  Nellie  A.  Those 
deceased  are  William  Edward  and  Mahlon,  the 
former  having  died  July  9,  1871,  aged  twenty- 
one  years  and  eleven  months,  and  the  latter 
June  3,  1878,  aged  twenty-one  years. 

Mr.  Ross  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  w-as  a 
member  of  the  Union  League.  He  is  a  strong 
advocate  of  temperance,  and  is  opposed  to  licetise 
on  any  terms.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
the  first  court  held  in  Wasiiington,  which  was 
in  October,  1852,  at  the  Jackson  place  in  Lewis 
county,  when  William  R.  Strong  was  judge  and 
James  Strong  was  clerk  of  the  court.  During 
the  session  they  organized  a  meeting  to  take 
steps  toward  making  a  division  of  the  Territory, 
and  the  name  of  Washington  was  mentioned  in 
this  connection.  They  did  not,  however,  then 
get  fnlly  organized  in  this  direction,  although 
there  was  considerable  talk  on  the  subject. 


IM|ON.    WILLIAM    PICKERING.  — The 
|p-l|    people   of    Washington   will    require   no 
I     ll    introduction  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
•//  whose  name  will  recall  all    that    is  most 

honorable  and  capable  in  an  officer  and  citizen. 
Indeed,  few  men  are  as  deserving  of  their  grati- 
tude, for  it  is  to  his  wise  and  timely  efforts  that 
the  State  owes  much  of  her  preient  prosperity. 


his  goodly  counsel  having  been  her -guide  and 
his  strong  arms  her  support,  when  she  most 
needed  his  services. 

William  Pickering  was  born  in  Edwards 
county,  Illinois,  September  3,  1824,  and  was  a 
son  of  William  Pickering,  8r.,  who  was  at  one 
time  Governor  of  Washington.  When  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  thirteen  years  of  age  his 
motlier  died  and  his  father  removed  to  St.  Louis, 
at  that  time  a  new  place,  bearing  but  slight  sem- 
blance to  its  present  flourishing  appearance.  He 
i-esided  in  that  city  seven  years,  prosecuting  his 
studies  in  the  home  schools,  and  learning  under 
his  father's  careful  tuition  those  lessons  of  moral 
worth  and  habits  of  industry  which  contributed 
to  liis  future  prosperity. 

In  1852  Mr.  Pickering  was  married  to  Miss 
Ellard,  of  Cincinnati,  and  they  had  two  children. 
In  1850  he  started  for  California,  at  the  height 
of  the  gold  excitement  in  that  State,  going  via 
Cape  Horn.  Great  sickness  prevailed  on  board, 
and  Mr.  Pickering  was  one  of  the  few  who 
escaped  death.  He  remained  in  California  two 
years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  returned  to 
his  home  in  Illinois,  and  married,  as  above 
stated.  He  now  made  a  ti'ip  with  his  wife  to 
Australia,  lived  a  few  years  there,  where  he  lost 
all  of  his  family,  after  which  he  traveled  exten- 
sively. September  23,  1877,  Mr.  Pickering  was 
remarried,  his  second  wife  being  Sevilla  Wilson, 
a  lady  of  Missouri,  well  and  favorably  known 
for  her  many  estimable  qualities  of  mind  and 
heart.  They  had  three  children:  William  Wil- 
son, Roy  Robert  and  Ernest  Edwin. 

In  1860  Mr.  Pickering's  father  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  as  Governor  of  Washing- 
ton Territory,  and  shortly  afterward  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  also  came  to  this  vicinity.  The 
Governor  became  the  owner  of  640  acres  in  the 
section  including  Snoqualmie  falls,  and  Mr. 
Pickering  of  this  notice  pre-empted  and  home- 
steaded  320  acres  adjoining  his  father's  land, 
and  of  this  the  latter's  widow  still  owns  200 
acres.  Later,  Mr.  Pickering  came  to  the  valley 
of  Squak,  settling  one  mile  from  that  lake,  and 
securing  320  acres,  on  which  Mr.  John  Reard 
is  now  a  tenant.  He  was  thus  a  large  land- 
holder in  the  Territory,  and  was  naturally  deeply 
interested  in  her  progress  and  welfare,  to  which 
he  contributed  much  by  his  energy  and  ability. 
A  man  of  enterprise,  intellect  and  eloquence,  he 
took  a  prominent  part  iti  the  affairs  of  the  Ter- 
ritory, not  alone  because  of  his  father's  position 
at  tlie  head  of  affairs,  but  for  the  reason  that  he 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


possessed  tlie  elements  of  a  leader  in  a  marked 
degree.  It  is  not  surprising,  tlierefore,  that  he 
rose  to  the  higli  office  of  Territorial  represent- 
ative to  the  Legislature,  and  served  his  fellow- 
citizens  most  efficiently  in  both  branches  of  that 
body. 

Mr.  Pickering  dieJ  March  16,  1883,  leaving 
a  widow  and  three  children.  His  widow  was 
remarried  December  13,  1884,  when  she  was 
united  to  her  present  husband,  Mr.  Franklin 
Pierce  Furnell,  a  native  of  Minnesota,  but  for 
a  number  of  years  a  resident  of  Washington, 
where  he  is  known  and  respected  as  a  man  of 
high  moral  worth  and  public  spirit,  a  credit 
alike  to  both  of  the  great  States  which  have 
called  him  son.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Furnell  have 
one  child,  Sevilla  Mabel,  the  light  of  her  par- 
ents' bouse  and  of  the  hearts  of  U'any  friends. 
Although  not  present  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of 
his  labors,  yet  Mr.  Pickering  had  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all  great  men,  which  assured  him  that 
his  honest  efforts  would  not  be  in  vain,  as  is 
fully  realized  in  the  present  proud  position  of 
Washington  among  her  sister  State?. 

As  touching  Governor  Pickering's  great  in- 
terest in  the  development  of  Washington,  it  will 
be  compatible  that  attention  be  called  to  one  of 
his  successful  efforts.  Under  his  management, 
and  to  a  lai-ge  extent  at  his  personal  expense,  a 
ship-load  of  300  unmarried  women  was  trans- 
ported from  Boston  to  Olympia,  it  being  said 
that  all  but  three  of  the  number  had  become 
engaged  by  correspondence  to  men  in  Washing- 
ton prior  to  the  time  the  boat  set  sail.  Such 
being  the  case  there  is  no  need  to  say  that  there 
must  have  been  much  of  marrying  and  giving 
iu  marriage  when  once  the  ship  reached  its  des- 
tination. There  is  no  doubt  that  this  rather  ex- 
traordinary enterprise  had  potent  influence  upon 
the  early  development  of  the  section.  In  this 
connection  another  incident  should  not  fail  of 
notice.  As  chief  executive,  Governor  Picker- 
ing sent  to  President  Lincoln  the  first  telegram 
that  ever  flashed  over  the  wires  from  Washing- 
ton Territory.  A  copy  of  this  interesting 
despatch  is  here  appended: 

"Executive  Office,  Olympia,  Wash-  ( 
iNGTON  Teeeitort,  Sept.  5, 1864.       ) 

"To   His  Excellency,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States: 
'■My  Dear  Sir: — Washington   Territory  this 
day  sends  her  first  telegraph  despatch,  greeting 
yourself,  Washington  city  and  the  whole  United 


States,  with  our  sincere  prayers  to  Almighty 
God  that  his  richest  blessings,  both  spiritual 
a7id  temporal,  may  rest  upon  and  perpetuate  the 
union  of  our  beloved  country;  that  His  omnipo- 
tent power  may  bless,  protect  and  defend  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  our  brave  army, 
our  gallant  navy,  our  Congress  and  every  de-' 
partment  of  the  National  Government. 

"  For    and    on    behalf  of    Washington  Terri- 
tory. 

William  Pickeeing, 
"Governor  Washington  Teri'itory." 


£^  HARLES  WIMBURN  NEEL,  one  of  the 
\  most  extensive  landholders  and  farmers 
^  in  the  Northwest,  residing  in  King  county, 
Washington,  is  a  typical  Southerner  and  a  good 
representative  of  southern  manhood  transplanted 
to  western  soil. 

He  was  born  in  Coffee  county,  Tennessee, 
June  4,  1835,  and  his  |iarents  were  William  and 
Mary  Ann  (Rogers)  Neel.  When  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  twelve  years  of  age,  the  family  re- 
moved to  Texas,  where  the  remaining  years  of  his 
youth  and  early  manhood  were  passed.  At  the 
age  of  twenty,  he  left  home  and  went  to  Merid- 
ian, Texas,  where  he  formed  a  contract  with  the 
Government  mail  service,  in  whose  employ  he 
remained  until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  war. 
He  joined  the  Texas  rangers  in  1857  and  in  the 
spring  of  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Texas 
Cavalry,  serving  throughout  the  entire  struggle. 
He  participated  in  many  of  the  prominent  bat- 
tles of  the  civil  strife,  among  which  were  those 
of  Murfreesborough,  Shiloh,  Chickamauga  and 
Perryville.  He  experienced  severe  service  and 
received  two  slight  wounds,  one  sabre  and  one 
bullet. 

On  the  close  of  hostilities,  he  went  to  Tyler, 
Texas,  where  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness, whence,  in  1872.  he  removed  to  Dallas  and 
embarked  in  a  general  trading  enterprise,  where 
he  remained  until  1878.  From  that  year  until 
1882,  he  was  successfully  engaged  in  the  cattle 
business  in  western  Texas. 

In  the  meantime,  hearing  favorable  reports 
of  the  fertile  and  prosperous  Northwest,  Mr. 
Neel  left  Texas,  in  1882,  for  the  flourishing 
Territory  of  Washington.  He  crossed  the  plains 
with  an  ox   team,  entering  Washington  by  the 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


Snoqualniie  Pass,  and  settled  on  a  ranch  of  160 
acres,  situated  four  miles  helow  Snoqualniie 
falls,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  to  which 
land  he  secured  title  under  the  homestead  law. 
He  afterward  pre-empted  another  160  acres  and 
later  hoiight  160  more  from  tho  Northern  Paci- 
lie  Railroad  Company,  now  owning  4-80  acres  of 
the  choicest  land  in  the  State.  His  energetic 
and  careful  management  is  evinced  in  the  thrifty 
condition  of  his  property  from  the  cultivation 
of  which  he  derives  a  comfortable  incoine. 

February  13,  1866,  Mr.  !Neel  was  married  to 
Eugenia  Moore,  a  native,  like  himself,  of  Ten- 
nessee, and  a  lady  of  marked  culture  and  refine- 
ment. They  have  had  nine  children:  Beulah 
A.,  decea-ed  at  eighteen  years,  in  promising 
young  womanhood;  Charles  D.,  William  Kos- 
coe,  Emma  L.,  James  Franklin,  Henry  C,  John, 
Mary  Avis  and  Lucy   L. 

Mr.  Neel  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 
He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  local  matters  au'l 
has  been  honored  by  his  constituents  with  sev- 
eral prominent  offices  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
being  now  School  Director.  As  a  private  citi- 
zen and  public  official,  he  has  been  distinguished 
by  integrity  and  ability,  and  through  his  devo- 
tion and  energy  has  greatly  contributed  to  the 
advancement  of  his  community  and  to  the  wel- 
fare of  the  State. 


ESON  MONROE  ANNIS,  a  prosperous 
merchant  of  Alderton,  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  dates  his  birth  in  Ellery, 
Chautanqua  county.  New  York,  August  2, 1828. 
His  parents,  Phineas  and  Belvery  (Piitman) 
Annis,  were  both  natives  of  Vermont,  but  his 
father  was  a  resident  of  New  York  State  from 
the  year  1812. 

In  his  native  county  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  reared,  but  in  1841  he  removed  to  the  town 
of  Carroll.  In  1853  we  find  him  en  route  from 
Frewsburg,  New  York,  to  Momence,  Illinois, 
where  he  spent  the  winter.  In  the  following 
spring  he  went  from  there  to  Fillmore  county, 
Minnesota,  and  three  years  later,  went  to  Ro- 
chester, Olmsted  county,  same  State.  Having 
moved  about  from  place  to  place  for  several 
years,  he  finally  decided  to  seek  a  home  in  the 
far  West,  and  accordingly  on  April  24, 1864,  he 
started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon.  At  Skunk 
river,  Iowa,  he  camped  two  weeks;  proceeded  to 


Council  Bluffs,  crossed  over  to  Omaha,  went  to 
Loupe  Fork,  and  during  this  part  of  the  journey 
had  sevpr:il  spats  with  the  Indians;  proceeded 
thence  til  lioi-."  City  without  further  difl'culty, 
and  remaiiif(l  there  two  weeks;  continued  on  to 
the  Orand  Ran;le  valley,  and  upon  ids  arrival 
in  that  valley  he  took  claim  to  a  tract  of  land, 
and  bade  adieu  to  the  last  wagon-load  of  people 
with  whom  he  had  crossed  the  plains.  At  the 
foot  of  the  Blue  mountains  a  man  tried  to  in- 
duce Mr.  Annis  and  his  wife  to  remain  and  take 
charge  of  the  Stage  house,  offering  them  $150 
a  month,  and  at  the  same  time  telling  them  that 
the  snow  was  thirteen  feet  deep  on  the  moun- 
tains and  that  it  would  be  dangerous  for  them 
to  proceeJ;  Mr.  Annis,  however,  determined  to 
push  on,  paid  $10  for  100  pounds  of  hay  with 
which  to  feed  his  two  yoke  of  cattle,  ami  con- 
tinned  his  journey,  reaching  Walla  Walla  in 
due  time,  and  remaining  there  two  weeks.  He 
then  went  to  Portlanl,  and  at  that  place  found 
it  almost  impossible  to  get  a  bed  tor  his  wife 
and  children,  as  every  place  was  crowded.  Fi- 
nally he  found  the  American  House,  where  all 
the  landlord  could  do  was  to  supply  them  with 
blankets  and  let  them  sleep  on  the  floor;  but  by 
the  payment  of  $5  to  two  young  men  Mr.  An- 
nis and  his  wife  secured  their  room  in  the  hotel 
for  that  night.  They  remained  two  days  in 
Portland,  one  at  Oregon  City,  and  at  that  point 
gave  a  man  $20  to  take  them  by  team  to  Salem. 
At  French  prairie  they  staid  over  night  at  the 
house  of  a  man  named  Brown,  where  the  lux- 
uries of  a  feather  bed  and  good  fare  seemed  like 
a  paradise  to  them  after  the  many  hardships  they 
had  endured. 

Mr.  Annis  remained  in  Salem  four  years  and 
a  half,  and  in  that  time  was  variously  employed, 
working  in  a  machine  shop,  running  a  black- 
smith shop,  working  at  the  carpenter's  trade, 
etc.,  and,  indeed,  accejiting  whatever  honorable 
employment  he  could  get  that  offered  the  best 
returns. 

In  1869  he  first  came  to  Tacoma.  Having 
hired  out  to  build  a  woolen  mill  at  Steilacoom, 
but  not  liking  the  prospects  there,  he  came  to 
old  Tacoma  and  secured  employment  on  a  mill 
at  this  place.  In  this  work  he  was  occupied 
for  several  months.  After  that  he  located  iu 
Puyallup  valley  and  turned  his  attention  to 
farming.  About  1878  he  started  a  mercantile 
business,  with  which  he  has  ever  since  been 
identified.  To  his  energy  and  enterprise  the 
town  of  Alderton  owes   much.     He  put  in  the 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


side  track  here,  built  the  warehouses,  hotel  and 
various  otlier  buildings — indeed,  nearly  all  the 
buildings  iu  town — and  he  not  only  built  up 
the  town  biit  he  also  gave  it  its  name.  He  was 
railroad  agent  for  four  or  five  years  and  lias 
been  Postmaster  for  ten  or  twelve  years.  March 
28,  1869,  he  took  claim  to  the  land  on  which  he 
now  lives  and  which  lie  has  since  been  operat- 
ing. He  liHS  twenty-two  acres' in  hops,  and  an 
orchard  of  2,000  trees,  comprising  plums,  cher- 
ries, prunes,  apples,  pears,  butternuts,  etc. 

Mr.  Annis  was  married  December  28,  1852, 
in -Carroll,  Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  to 
Miss  Adaline  Myers,  a  native  of  that  place, 
daughtei'  of  John  and  Katie  (Van  Valkenburgh) 
Myers.  Her  parents  were  botli  natives  of 
Herkimer  county,  that  State,  their  ancestors 
being  among  the  early  settlers  of  New  York. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Annis  have  si.K  children  living, 
namely:  Phineas  Monroe;  George  Fremont; 
John  Q. ;  Nettie  E.,  wife  of  George  Lock,  of 
Koy,  Washington;  Eenie,  wife  of  Alonzo  Jef- 
frey, also  of  Roy;  and  Eva  E.,  wife  of  Fred  M. 
Williams,  of  13ucoda,  Washington.  Tliey  lost 
two  children:  Clara,  who  died  at  Rochester, 
Minnesota,  aged  nine  years  and  ten  months,  and 
Addie,  who  died  at  the  same  place,  aged  two 
years  and  seven  months. 

TPV)  OBEKT  C.  AVEAR,  a  pro'minent  mem- 
Y^^     ber  of  the   medical  fraternity  of  south- 
I    ^  western   Washington,  was  born   in   Mc- 
•f/  Donongh    conniy,    Hlinoin,  August   18, 

1859,  a  son  of  Andrew  D.  and  Maiy  L.  (Fugate) 
Wear,  the  former  a  native  of  Tennessee  and  the 
latter  of  Virginia.  The  paternal  ancestors  are 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and  emigrated  to 
America  in  the  early  portion  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  On  both  sides  the  family  were  early 
and  infinential  settlers  of  North  Carolina. 

Robert  C.  Wear,  the  ninth  iu  the  family  of 
eleven  children,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
,  native  State.  At  the  age  of  ninteen  years  he 
began  the  study  of  medicine  which  his  uncle, 
D.  J.  Fugate,  and  received  his  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Kansas  City.  He  graduated  iu 
mrdicine  and  surgery  in  March,  1885,  and  for 
the  following  three  years  the  Doctor  had  clini- 
cal experience  in  the  hospitals  of  Fort  Worth, 
Sedalia  and  Kansas  City.  He  was  then  engaged 
in   practice  at   Baldwin  City,   ])ouglas  cuunty, 


Kansas,  three  years,  followed  his  profession  at 
Industry,  Hlinois,  until  1889,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  a  resident  of  Chehalis.  The  Doc- 
tor has  a  lucrative  practice,  and  is  also  "engaged 
in  the  drug  business.  Since  1892  he  has  held 
the  position  of  Health  Officer.  In  his  social 
relations,  Mr.  Wear  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O. 
IT.  W.,  of  which  he  is  now  filling  the  Mat-ter's 
chair,  aud  has  also  been  Medical  Exatniner  of 
the  order  for  the  past  two  years. 


dlOHN  GALVIN,  Treasurer  of  Lewis 
county,  Washington,  was  boi'n  in  Chiten- 
—  den  county,  Vermont,  May  1,  1858,  a  son 
of  John  and  Catherine  (Duffy)  Galvin,  of  Irish 
birth.  The  parents  emigranted  to  America  in 
1843,  where  the  fatiier  followed  agricultural 
pursuits.  John  Galvin,  our  subject,  was  early 
inured  to  that  calling,  and  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  he  moved  to  Illinois,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm  near  Chicago  four  years.  He  then  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast,  immediately  locating  in 
Lewis  couniy,  near  Centralia,  resumed  agricul- 
tural pursuits,  and  to  him  is  due  the  credit  of 
being  the  first  to  engage  in  the  raising  of  hops 
in  this  county.  His  first  experience  in  this 
enterprise  was  near  Centralia,  where  he  set  out 
six  acres  of  vines,  and  two  years  later  increased 
it  to  twenty-two  acres.  Selling  his  farm,  Mr. 
Galvin  next  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at 
Centralia,  in  whicli  he  is  still  interested,  and 
also  owns  200  acres  of  land  near  the  city.  He 
was  the  choice  of  the  Democratic  party  for 
County  Treasurer,  and  was  elected  to  that  im- 
portant and  responsible  position  in  the  fall  of 
1892. 

June  5,  1891,  Mr.  Galvin  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  MibS  Rose  Slack,  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.    They  have  one  child,  Jay  G. 


[[T[ARRY  GABEL,  a  member  of  the  City 
\r\\    Council  in  Chehalis,  was  born  in   Preble 
I     *i    county,   Ohio,  June  16,  1856,   a  son  of 
•f/  James     and     Priscilla    (Eidsoii)    Gabel, 

natives  also  of  Ohio.  The  Gable  family  are  of 
German  extraction,  and  were  among  the  early 
and  influential  settlors  of  Vir-^inia. 


HIHTOBT     OF    WASHINGTON. 


Harry  Gabel,  the  oldest  of  his  parents'  seven 
children,  was  reared  to  mechanical  pursuits,  as 
his  father  was  a  manufacturer  of  sash,  doors  and 
blinds.  After  becominj:^  of  age,  however,  he 
drifted  into  other  occupations,  and  also  for  a 
time  followed  farming.  lu  1877  he  proceeded 
to  Ottawa  county,  Kansas,  where  he  was  en- 
.  gaged  in  stock-raising  until  1886,  in  that  year 
he  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  later  to 
Salem,  that  State.  His  residence  in  the  latter 
place  was  of  s'lort  duration,  iiowever,  as  he 
came  the  same  year  to  Obehalis,  Washington. 
After  locating  in  this  city,  Mr.  Gabsl  engaged 
in  real-estate  and  other  occupations  for  a  time, 
after  which  he  turned  his  attention  to  buying 
and  selling  horses  east  of  tiie  mountains  one 
season.  After  his  return  to  the  city  he  em- 
barked in  his  present  enterprise,  following  a 
general  wood,  coal,  livery  and  draying  business. 
Mr.  Gabel  also  follows  agricultural  pursuits  on 
125  acres  of  leased  land  adjacent  to  the  city. 

February  27,  1879,  in  Kansas,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Dena  Alverson,  a  native 
of  Michigan.  In  his  political  relations  Mr. 
Gabel  votes  with  the  People's  party,  and  since 
November,  1892,  has  been  a  mcmlier  of  the  City 
Council  of  Ciiehalis.  Socially,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  O.  IT.  W.,  of  this  city,  and  of  the  K. 
of  P.,  in  the  East. 


APTAIN  EUGENE  BIONDI,  the  effi- 
cient and  popular  Marine  Surveyor  at 
Port  Townsend,  was  born  at  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  May  16,  1841.  His  parents,  Lo- 
renzo and  Marietta  (Landini)  Biondi,  were 
natives  of  Italy  and  came  to  America  about 
1839,  being  among  the  first  professional  sing- 
ers in  Italian  opera  to  visit  this  country. 

.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  New  York  city  and,  wlien  fifteen, 
was  apprenticed  to  Tiffany  to  learn  the  jewelry 
business.  After  two  years'  service,  however, 
his  naturally  adventurous  disposition  led  him  to 
enter  the  navy,  and,  in  1857",  he  enlisted,  for 
three  years,  as  an  apprentice  on  tiie  old  receiv- 
ing ship.  North  Carolina.  Being  a  good  pen- 
man, he  was,  shortly  after  enlistment,  detailed 
as  assistant  clerk  to  Captain  James  F.  Ward, 
the  Commander,  who  was  writing  a  book  on 
Ordnance  Tactics.     Being  desirous  of  going  to 


sea,  young  Biondi  was  sent  in  1858,  with  a 
company  of  men  to  the  receiving  ship,  Ohio,  at 
Boston,  from  which  place  he  joined  the  regular 
crew  of  the  sloop  of  war,  Portsmouth,  under 
the  command  of  Captain  John  Calhoun.  They 
sailed  for  the  west  coast  of  Africa  where  they 
joined  the  squadron,  which  was  under  the  com- 
mand of  Commodore  Inman,  who  was  cruising 
the  coast  and  islands,  trying  to  break  up  the 
slave  trade.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  American 
Civil  war,  in  1861,  the  ships  were  ordered  home 
and  the  crews  discharged.  Captain  Calhoun 
then  recommended  Mr.  Biondi  to  the  Navy 
Department  as  Master's  mate,  and  he  shortly 
afterward  received  an  appointment  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  was  ordered  to  the 
receiving  ship.  North  Carolina,  and,  later,  to 
the  Quited  States  store  ship.  Nightingale.  The 
last  was  a  very  fast  clipper  ship,  which  had  been 
captured  off  the  west  coast  of  Africa,  her  com- 
mander, Captain  Gordon,  being  hung  for  the 
crime  of  piracy.  The  Nightingale,  with  a 
cargo  of  stores,  sailed  for  Key  West,  to  supply 
the  Gulf  squadron,  and,  remaining  with  the 
fleet,  acted  as  guard-ship  at  the  southwest  pass 
of  tiie  Mississippi  river.  In  1862,  Mr.  Biondi 
was  ordered  to  the  gun  boat,  New  l-ondon,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  New  Orleans, 
Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson,  after  which  he 
engaged  in  blockade  duty  ofl'  Galveston  and  the 
coast  of  Texas,  remaining  about  fifteen  months 
and  participated  in  a  number  of  skirmishes.  He 
was  then  ordered  to  the  Pensacola,  as  Master, 
and  took  that  ship  to  the  navyyard  at  Brooklyn, 
for  repairs.  He  was  then  ordered  to  the  United 
States  steamer,  Don,  flagsliip  of  the  Potomac 
flotilla,  which  numbered  about  forty  vessels 
under  the  command  of  Foxliall  A.  Parker. 
Later,  Mr.  Biondi  became  Master  of  the  vessel, 
with  headquarters  at  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  where  they  were  stationed  during  the 
darkest  days  of  the  war,  and  patrolled  the  river 
during  the  search  for  Booth,  the  assassin  ot 
President  Lincoln.  The  flotilla  was  disbanded 
in  May,  1865,  and  Mr.  Biondi  then  became 
Master  on  board  of  the  new  double-turretted 
monitor,  Miantenomah,  commanded  by  Captain 
Daniel  Ammen.  The  monitor  was  carefully 
tested  and  then  taken  to  Fortress  Monroe  and 
up  the  river  to  Washington,  where  siie  remained 
on  exhibition  during  the  winter,  her  officers 
uiving  weekly  entertainments.  In  the  spring 
of  1866,  Mr.  Biondi  was  appointed  Navigating 
Officer  of  the  United  States  storeship,  Supply, 


El  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


and  failed  with  a  cargo  of  fctores  to  supply  the 
fleet  oti'the  coast  of  China,  with  headquarters  at 
Hong  Kong.  In  1868,  be  returned  with  his 
ship  to  the  United  States  and  received  an  hon- 
orable discharge. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  war  in 
Hayli,  Mr.  Biondi  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Government  ai;d  manipulated  the  purchase  of 
the  naval  vessel,  Ftquot,  and  as  Conjmander, 
sailed  for  Fort-au-Piince,  where,  after  a  varied 
experience,  his  vessel  was  captured  by  the  Revo- 
lutionists, and  but  for  his  timely  presence  of 
mind  and  mental  resource,  all  the  oflicers 
would  have  been  hanged.  Being  non-partisan, 
and  only  working  for  wages,  Captain  Biondi  and 
crew  swore  allegiance  to  the  Kevolutionisls,  and 
he  remained  in  command  of  liis  ship,  the  name 
being  changed  to  La  Terruer.  After  peace  was 
restored,  the  Captain  resigned  and  returned  to 
New  Orleans. 

In  January,  1871,  Captain  Biondi  applied 
for  a  Lieutenancy  in  the  revenue  marine  serv- 
ice, and  after  passing  a  creditable  examination 
at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  he  was 
appointed  Third  Lieutenant,  and  ordered  to  the 
revenue  steamer,  "William  H.  Sew-ard,  then 
cruising  between  Wilmington,  North  Carolina, 
and  Cape  Hatteras.  In  July  following,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Second  Lieutenant,  and 
remained  on  board  for  two  years.  In  1873,  he 
was  detailed  lor  special  duty  to  superintend  the 
buildii-g  of  the  revenue  sttamer,  Dallas,  at 
Portland,  Maine,  and,  in  August,  187-1,  to 
superintend  the  building  of  lite-saving  stations 
on  the  coast  of  Florida.  He  then  spent  two 
seasons  on  the  Commodore  Perry,  at  Erie, 
Peimsylvania,  during  which  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant  and  ordered 
to  the  revenue  steamer,  William  H.  Fessenden. 
In  1880  he  came  to  Port  Townsend  as  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  revenue  steamer,  Wolcott, 
and  later  became  Lieutenant  in  command, 
cruising  on  Puget  Sound  and  on  the  inside  pas- 
sage, north  to  Sitka,  Alaska.  In  1883,  he  was 
ordered  to  the  revenue  cutter  Rush,  at  San 
Francisco,  and,  after  reporting  for  duty,  re- 
signed and  retired  from  sea  life. 

He  then  settled  in  Seattle  and  purchased  an 
interest  in  the  Puget  Sounii  Furniture  Com- 
pany, which  he  sold  in  1884.  Then,  returning 
to  Port  Townsend  in  1885,  he  accepted  the 
agency  of  the  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters 
of  San  Francisco  for  the  lower  district  of  Puget 
Sound.     He  is  also  Vice-Consul  to  Sweden  and 


Norway,  and  is  the  Port  Townsend  representa- 
tive of  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau. 

In  1882,  Captain  Biondi  was  married  at  Port 
Townsend,  to  Miss  Amelia  Roberts,  a  native  of 
Boston  and  niece  of  F.  W.  Pettygrove,  an  hon- 
ored pioneer  of  the  Key  City  of  Washington. 

The  evidence  of  such  universal  commend- 
ation in  the  various  walks  of  life  leaves  very- 
little  to  be  added,  except  to  mark  moi-e  strongly 
those  characteristics  which  have  contributed  to 
his  success  in  life,  namely, — strict  adherence  to 
duty  and  ^erfevering  effort,  which  combined 
can  never  fail  of  their  reward. 

-      -^^-^r-^ 

[[JfERMAN    STEINMANN,    one    of    the 
tp^'i    leading  architects  of  Seattle,  was  in  Sax- 
J     ll    ony,  Germany,  Octoler  27,  1854.     His 
^  ancestors  had  long  been  residents  of  that 

locality,  and  for  many  generations  had  been  em- 
ployed as  foresters  in  the  government  service. 
Herman  received  his  education  in  the  high 
schools  of  Saxony.  After  completing  his  edu- 
cation he  began  learning  the  carpenter's  trade, 
and,  after  becoming  proficient  as  a  journeyman, 
spent  eighteen  months  in  traveling  through 
Germany  and  France,  following  his  trade  with 
the  prominent  contractors  of  those  countries. 
Mr.  Steinmann  completed  his  professional 
studies  in  architectural  engineering  at  the 
academies  of  Munich  and  Stuttgart.  The  year 
of  1878  was  spent  in  the  army,  with  the  railroad 
brigade,  afterward  he  continued  to  work  for  the 
Russian  Government  in  general  architectural 
work  until  1881,  and  in  that  year  came  to  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Steinmanu's  first  employ- 
ment here  was  in  Philadelphia,  with  C.  1). 
Supple,  a  prominent  contractor  of  that  city, 
working  Ahe  first  six  months  as  a  carpenter, 
and  for  the  following  eighteen  months  was  en- 
gaged in  architectural  and  general  office  work. 
He  next  worked  for  a  time  as  draughtsman  in 
St.  Louis,  alter  which  he  opened  an  office  and 
condiicted  a  general  architectural  business,  but 
gave  particular  attention  to  the  erection  and  de- 
signing of  breweries.  In  1887  he  came  to  Seat- 
tle, and  soon  afterward  received  the  contract  for 
the  exposition  building  in  Portland,  also  built  a 
number  of  fine  residences  and  business  blocks 
in  that  city.  After  the  fire  in  Seattle,  in  June, 
1889,  his  work  became  more  active  in  this  city. 
Since  then  he  has  designed  and  superintended 


UISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  erection  of  eleven  brick  blocks,  four 
churches,  all  the  power  houses  iu  the  city  except 
two,  the  Madisoti  street  park  buildings  ou  Lake 
Washington;  has  rebuilt  all  the  breweries  of 
Seattle,  Victoria  and  Tacoina,  business  blocks  in 
LaConner,  Ohehalis  and  Walla  Walla,  and  resi- 
dences throughout  the  State.  Mr.  Steiumann 
built  his  residence  on  the  corner  of  Twelfth  and 
Pine  streets  in  1881. 

In  St.  Louis,  in  18S6,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Eliza  K.  Hill,  a  native  of  that 
city,  and  a  daughter  of  Frederick  Hill,  a  man 
prominent  in  the  political  circles  of  Missouri. 
In  social  matters,  Mr.  Steinmann  affiliates  with 
the  Knights  Templar  and  Shriners,  F.  &  A.  M. 


D\n.  WILLIAM  BREDEMEYER,  a  well 
Ij  known  mining  expert  and  surveyor,  now 
— '  residing  in  Tacoina,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Cologne,  Germany,  September  7,  1842. 
His  father,  Frederick  William  Theodore  Brede- 
meyer,  was  a  Colonel  of  the  celebrated  Black 
Hussars,  and  his  ancestors  for  generations  back 
were  prominent  in  military  affairs.  His  mother, 
before  marriage,  was  Katberine  Quetting,  alady 
distinguished  alike  for  charm  of  mind  and 
person.  The  Doctor's  son,  F.  W.  W.  Brede- 
mever,  is  a  godson  of  Frederick  III,  of  Ger- 
many, and  Empress  Dowager  Victoria. 

William  Bredemeyer,  the  sul)ject  of  this 
sketch,  was  reared  in  his  native  country,  and, 
from  1851  to  1857,  attended  the  Polytechnic 
School  of  Cologne,  where  he  prepared  himself 
for  mining.  From  1857  to  186U,  he  studied 
])ractical  mining  and  smelting  in  the  principal 
mines  of  Germany,  and  in  the  latter  year,  he 
passed  his  examinations  as  officer  of  the  engi- 
neer corps  in  that  country.  From  1860  to  1862, 
he  attended  the  University  of  Bonn  and  the 
Mining  School  of  Duren,  at  both  of  which  he 
graduated.  He  was  for  the  next  six  years  in 
the  service  of  the  Holland  government  in  Dutch 
India,  as  naining  engineer.  From  1868  to 
1869,  he  was  chief  engineer  of  all  the  mines 
in  Upper  Burmah  fur  the  king  of  Burmah,  be- 
ing principally  engaged  in  the  ruby  and  gold 
mines  of  that  country.  He  was  the  first  white 
man  to  tras^erse  Burmah  from  one  end  to  the 
other.  From  1869  to  1870,  he  was  in  the 
service  of  the  British  government,  engaged  in 
geological  mining,  and  at  the  same  time  traveled 


through  western  China.  From  1870  to  1872, 
he  was  chief  engineer  of  southern  Japan  for 
the  Japanese  government.  He  left  the  Flowery 
Kindom  in  the  latter  year,  on  account  of  his 
wife's  ill  health,  and  came  to  California,  and 
soon  identified  himself  with  the  mining  indus- 
tries in  that  State  and  Arizona,  with  headipiar- 
ters  in  San  Francisco.  In  1873,  he  was  appointed 
manager  for  the  Miller  Mining  &  Smelting 
Company  in  Utah,  owned  by  Howland  and 
Aspinwall,  of  New  York.  From  1874  to  1875, 
he  was  manager  of  the  Sheridan  Hill  Mining  & 
Smelting  Company,  in  Utah,  but  since  the  last 
named  date,  has  confined  himself  to  independ- 
ent assaying  and  raining  engineering,  remain- 
ing in  Utah  until  1888,  from  which  State  he 
went  to  British  Columbia,  where  he  continued 
until  1891,  when  became  to  Tacoina,  Wasliing- 
toTi,  with  the  interests  of  whicli  city  he  has 
since  been  identified.  He  has  examined  and 
reported  upon  all  the  principal  mining  property 
in  the  regions  mentioned,  and  in  all  prominent 
mining  cases  in  court,  he  has  testified  as  an  ex- 
pert. He  has  been  United  States  Surveyor, 
Mining  Engineer  and  Assayer  ever  since  com- 
ing to   America. 

October  1,  1870,  Dr.  Bredemeyer  was  mar- 
ried in  Nayasika,  Japan,  to  Annie  May  Savery, 
an  English  lady  of  culture  and  refinement.  The 
Doctor  was  called  upon  to  mourn  his  wife's  loss 
in  1884,  her  death  occurring  in  Salt  Lake  City. 
In  January,  1885,  Dr.  Bredemeyer  was  married 
to  his  present  wife,  nee  Penelope  McVicker, 
who  is  a  sister  of  John  McVicker,  the  oldest 
assayer  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  They 
have  one  son:  Frederick  William  Wallace 
Bredemeyer,  born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  in  March, 
1886. 

Dr.  Bredemeyer's  career  has  been  an  eventful 
one.  He  was  the  first  white  man  in  Upper 
Burmah,  and  while  there  was  crucified  by  the 
natives,  on  June  16, 1869,  and  narrowly  escaped 
with  his  life.  From  the  age  of  twelve  until 
past  fifty,  he  has  been  engaged  in  preparation 
for  mining  and  ininin^'  engineering  or  in  their 
active  pursuit,  having  followed  these  vocations 
all  over  the   known  world. 

He  is  prominent  in  lodge  circles  on  the  coast 
now  holding  the  offices  of  Deputy  Supreme 
Chief  Ranger  or  the  Independent  Order  of 
Foresters;  General  in  Command  of  the  Coni- 
manderies  of  the  Royal  Foresters  of  the  Pacific 
Coast;  Deputy  Supreme  Chieftain,  and  Past 
Chieftain,  and  Colonel  of  the  Chieftain's  League 


HISTORY    OF    WASHIJiGTUN. 


of  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  of  the 
State  of  Washington;  and  Past  Master  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  Tacoina  Lodge,  No.  6,  also  of  a 
Deputy  Supreme  Archon  of  Heptasophs  and 
Colonel  of  Crusaders.  Since  coming  to  TacoiDa, 
he  has  organized  the  Chieftain's  League  of  this 
city  and  Sunset  Division,  No.  20,  Uniform 
Kank,  Knights  of  Pythias,  of  this  city.  Pie 
is  also  a  prominent  Odd  Fellow,  having  organ- 
ized Canton  No.  4,  Tacoma,  and  is  Guard-at- 
Arms,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  of  the  Canton, 
Patriarchs  Militant.  He  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Rehekali  degree  I.  O.  O.  F.;  degi-ce  of 
Honor,  A.  O.  U.  W.;  Pythian  Temple;  and 
Pocahontas  Degree,  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men. 

Tacoma  and  the  State  of  Washington  have 
few  men  so  capable  of  adding  to  their  welfare, 
and  they  are  to  be  congratulated  in  the  services 
of  one  whose  life  has  been  replete  with  useful- 
ness to  humanity  and  tiie  world. 


— ^^^@":s)ii^  * 


FORGE  W.  JAMES,  Cashier  of  the  Old 
r  National  Bank  of  Spokane,  was  born  in 
J  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  in  1857.  His 
^  father,  Freeman  James,  was  a  native  of 
the  same  place,  and  was  a  prosperous  merchant 
there.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Abby 
S.  Buckminster.  They  had  two  children,  he 
being  tlie  younger.  He  received  his  education 
at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  at  Moweiy's  Semi- 
nary, Providence,  Rhode  Island. 

After  leaving  school  Mr.  James  located  at  St. 
Paul,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank.  He  severed  his  connection  with 
the  bank  February  22,  1892,  came  West  and 
settled  at  Spokane,  where  he  has  since  been 
Cashier  of  the  Old  National  Bank  of  Spokane. 
His  natural  business  aijility  and  his  fifteen  years 
of  banking  experience  especially  tit  him  for  this 
position.  Mr.  James  has  made  a  host  of  friends 
since  coming  to  Spokane,  and  in  this  busy,  rush- 
ing, growing  city  he  will  no  doubt  make  his 
mark  among  the  many  brilliant  young  men  who 
have  liere  cast  their  destiny. 

Mr.  James  was  married  July  12,  1885,  to 
Miss  Jingie  A.  Glidden,  daughter  of  S.  S. 
Glidden,  President  of  the  Old  National  Bank  of 
Spokane,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in 
the  Northwest.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  have  two 


children.  Freeman  and  Harold  Norman,  aged 
respectively  six  and  three  years.  Mrs.  James  is 
a  member  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota. 

Politically,  Mr.  James  aftiliates  with  the  Re- 
publican party. 

^-^^-^ 

ON.  BARTLETT  TRIPP,  of  Tacoma,  a 
|,  distinguished  citizen  of  Washington,  and 
41  at  present  (1893)  United  States  Minister 
to  Austro- Hungary,  was  born  in  Har- 
mony, Maine,  July  15,  1839.  His  parents, 
William  and  Naamah  (Bartlett)  Tripp,  were 
both  natives  of  the  Pine  Tree  State,  the  former 
born  in  York  county.  Both  came  of  ancient 
families,  the  American  founders  of  whom  set- 
tled in  this  country  at  an  early  day,  those  of  the 
Tripp  family  establishing  themselves  in  York 
county,  while  the  Bartlett  ancestors  took  up 
their  abode  at  Bethel,  in  Oxford  county. 

Bartlett  Tripp,  of  this  notice,  was  reared  and 
educated  in  the  State  of  his  birth,  completing 
his  studies  at  Waterville  College  (Colby  Uni- 
versity) in  1861.  In  the  same  year  he  started 
West  and  spent  one  winter  at  teaching  in  Salt 
Lake  City.  He  thence  proceeded  to  California, 
and  was  for  a  time  engaged  in  teaching  at  Fol- 
som  City,  and  later  in  surveying  at  Montague, 
after  which  he  was  for  awhile  employed  in  the 
civil  engineering  corps  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad,  in  its  work  in  northern  California. 
In  1865  he  went  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he 
taught  school  during  the  winter,  after  which  he 
returned  to  the  East.  While  teaching  school  he 
had  read  Kent  and  Blackstoiie,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  adopting  the  law  as  his  profes.-iou,  and 
on  returning  to  Maine  he  took  a  six  months' 
course  of  preparatory  reading  in  the  law  office 
of  Samuel  McClellan,  of  Dexter.  He  then  l)e- 
gan  a  course  in  the  law  department  of  Union 
College  (Albatiy  Law  School),  at  which  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1867, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  He  then 
went  to  Augusta,  Maine,  where  he  began  prac- 
tice with  an  associate,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Piilsbury  &  Tripp,  which  they  continued  two 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  Mr.  Tripp 
turned  his  face  toward  the  setting  sun,  follow- 
ing the  Star  of  Empire  to  Yankton,  Dakota, 
where  he  became  associated    in   business  with 


IIISTOIiY    OF    WASUrNQTON. 


General  William  Tripp,  which  partnership  was 
in  its  third  jear  when  severed  by  the  death  of 
the  General. 

Mr.  Tripp  rapidly  rose  to  first  rank  in  his 
profession  in  the  live  Northwestern  Territory, 
and  became  a  prominent  tigure  in  public  affairs 
and  a  leader  ot  the  Democratic  party.  In  1878, 
as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  delegate  to  Con- 
gress, he  made  a  liighly  creditable  race  and  was 
very  nearly  elected.  He  was  chosen  president 
of  the  constitutional  convention  of  188i,  which 
was  the  iirst  held  preliminary  to  the  admission 
of  the  Territory  to  Statehood,  and  the  Constitu- 
tion drafted  by  its  members  was,  with  some 
amendments,  adopted  by  the  second  convention. 
As  a  citizen  of  Yankton  he  took  a  leading  part 
ifi  the  promotion  of  educational  interests  in  that 
city,  and  for  twelve  years  did  efficient  service  as 
chairman  of  the  School  Board.  In  1885  he  was 
chosen  Chief  Justice  of  Dakota,  in  which  capac- 
ity he  continued  to  act  until  the  Territorial  or- 
ganization was  superseded  in  1889.  Judge 
Tripp  was  one  of  the  three  members  of  the 
commission  which  enacted  the  first  codiiication 
of  the  laws  of  Dakota,  the  other  two  of  whom 
were  Chief  Justice  Shannon  and  Judge  Bur- 
nett. 

In  the  session  of  1890-'91  of  the  South  Da- 
kota Legislature,  Judge  Tripp  was  made  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  the  United  States  Sena- 
torship,  which  contest  continued  nearly  seven 
weeks  and  became  famous  throughout  the  coun- 
try, finally  resulting  in  his  defeat.  He  was 
president  cf  the  Bar  Association  of  Dakota 
during  the  last  ten  years  of  its  Territorial  ad- 
ministration, and  on  the  formation  of  the  State 
of  South  Dakota  and  the  organization  of  a  new 
bar  asfociation  he  Was  elected  president  of  that 
body. 

In  1891  Judge  Tripp  removed  to  Tacoma, 
Washington,  where  he  at  once  began  the  active 
practice  of  law,  and  is  now  at  the  head  of  the 
firm  of  Tripp,  Town  &  Dillon,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  co-partnerships  in  the  State,  renowned 
alike  for  their  ability  and  integrity. 

In  1893  the  Judge  was  chosen  United  States 
Minister  to  the  court  of  Austro-Hungary  by 
President  Cleveland,  one  of  the  moft  dis- 
tinguished honors  which  the  chief  executive  of 
the  nation  could  have  bestowed,  and  an  appoint- 
ment which  was  highly  commended  by  the 
country. 

In  September,  1868,  Judge  Tripp  was  mar- 
ried in  Maine,  to   Miss  Ellen   M.  Jennings,  a 


lady  of  education  and  refinement,  and  they  liave 
one  child,  Maude  Jiartlett,  now  the  wife  of  C.  H. 
Dillon,  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  Tripp, 
Totvn  &  Dillon. 

Judge  Tripp's  recognized  ability,  sterling  in- 
tegrity and  high  moral  character  have  won  for 
him  just  distinction  among  his  fellow-men, 
while  his  more  amiable  qualities  have  enlisted 
their  friendship  and  esteem. 


— 'i^^m^w^^-- 


n\ANlD  LISTER.— Probably  no  name  is 
'  more  intimately  associated  with  the  his- 
tory  ot  Tacoma  than    that   which    beads 

this  sketch,  and  a  synopsis  of  Mr.  Lister's  car- 
eer is  essential  to  the  completeness  of  this 
volume. 

Mr.  Lister  was  born  in  Bradford,  Yorkshire, 
England,  March  31,1821.  His  parents,  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Ogdeii)  Lisier,  were  natives  of  Shelf, 
Yorkshire,  the  foiinei-  being  a  machinist  in  the 
Boiling  Iron  Works,  at  Bradford.  Later,  the 
family  removed  to  Bolton,  Lancashire,  and  there 
when  but  six  years  of  age,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  his  initation  into  the  business 
in  which  he  afterward  became  a  successful 
operator,  and  was  taken  from  school  at  this 
early  age  for  that  purpose.  His  Iirst  work  was 
at  cleaning  castings  in  a  foundry,  and  it  hap- 
pened that  iiis  opening  task  was  cleaning  off  the 
chairs  on  which  were  to  be  placed  the  rails  of 
Stevenson's  first  railroad,  Mr.  Lister,  Sr.,  hav- 
ing the  contract  for  the  construction  of  those 
chairs,  which  were  made  at  ihe  foundry  of 
Thompson  &  Swift. 

In  1831,  David  accompanied  his  parents  on 
their  removal  to  Preston,  Lancashire,  where  he 
joined  the  Wesleyan  Methodist  Church,  and 
resumed  his  education  in  its  Sunday-school. 
The  society  erected  a  brick  building  for  the 
purpose,  and  it  was  about  the  first  Sunday- 
school  in  Preston.  While  on  a  visit  to  tlie 
scene  of  his  boyhood  days  a  few  years  ago,  Mr. 
Lister  searched  for  the  old  school  in  Gilder 
street,  and  finding  it,  discovered  that  it  had  been 
converted  into  a  stable. 

He  worked  in  Preston  in  the  shop  of  Lord 
Bellcaras  until  attaining  his  thirteenth  year,  at 
which  time  his  father  received  and  accepted  a 
favorable  offer  to  return  to  the  Boiling  Iron 
Work  at  Bradford.     The  subject  of  this  sketch 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


also  went  to  work  there,  and  became  so  thor- 
oughly schooled  in  the  business  that  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  years,  he  was  receiving  journeyman's 
wages.  A  year  later  he  began  business  for 
himself,  establishing  a  foundry  and  macliine 
shop  at  Otley,  ten  miles  from  Bradford,  and,  to 
begin  with,  built  with  his  own  liands  his  first 
engines.  Two  years  later,  he  sold  out  to  Payne 
&  Dawson,  who  still  conduct  the  business. 
After  closing  up  his  affairs  jie  had  £40  left,  and 
after  considering  the  situation  concluded  he 
would  go  to  x\merica.  In  June,  1847,  he  sailed 
from  Liverpool  in  the  ship  Lord  Saiidon,  which 
arrived  at  New  York  July  17  following,  im- 
mediately obtaining  employment  with  the  linn 
of  Browning  &  Co.,  on  work  for  the  Brooklyn 
navy  yard,  making  brass  work  for  the  Govern- 
ment dry  dock.  In  1851  he  went  to  Hoboken, 
at  which  place  he  did  similar  work  for  Stevens' 
floating  battery,  the  first  of  its  kind  built  for 
the  United  States  Government.  Completing 
this  work  he  moved  to  Canaan  Corners,  near 
Carbondale,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  secured  a 
large  farm  and  was  engaged  in  the  occupation 
of  agriculture.  He  then  traded  his  farm  for  a 
foundry,  machine  shop  and  tin  stoi'e  in  Carbon- 
dale.  In  this  business  he  was  engaged  for  nine 
years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  went 
to  the  oil  regions,  taking  with  him  all  the  tools 
necessary  to  establish  a  well-equipped  shop. 
Finding  things  there  not  to  his  liking  in  some 
respects,  he  immediately  disposed  of  his  effects 
and  went  to  Chicago,  where  he  remained  one 
year.  In  1867  he  went  to  Marinette,  Wiscon- 
sin, for  the  purpose  of  operating  the  Marinette 
Iroti  Works  in  the  lumber  region.  After  suc- 
cessfully managing  this  enterprise  until  1869, 
he  went  to  Peshtigu,  where  he  built  a  foundry 
and  machine  shop,  and  did  all  the  work  for  the 
large  factory  and  mills  of  William  B.  Ogden. 
In  October,  1871,  fire  broke  out  in  the  woods  of 
that  region,  and  on  the  night  of  October  8,  the 
flames  wore  communicated  to  the  town  and 
there  ensued  the  great  conflagration  of  Peshtigo 
and  vicinity,  which  was  one  of  the  most  des- 
tructive in  history,  considering  the  number  of 
lives  and  the  vast  amount  of  property  destroyed. 
At  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  fire  broke 
out,  at  which  early  hour  Mr.  Lister  had  retired 
for  the  night,  but  was  awakened  in  time  to  make 
his  escape  with  his  family.  They  hastened  to 
the  river,  in  which,  by  keeping  submerged  as 
much  as  possible,  they  preserved  their  lives, 
and  all  who  did  not  follow  that  plan  visibly  per- 


ished in  the  flames.  The  only  thing  in  the  place 
that  was  not  destroyed  was  one  partly  con- 
structed house. 

During  the  following  week  William  B.  Og- 
den went  to  Peshtigo,  and  on  seeing  Mr.  Lister, 
proposed  to  sell  the  latter  his  choice  of  locations 
in  the  town  as  a  site  on  which  to  rebuild.  This 
offer  was  accepted,  and  work  on  the  new  build- 
ings was  soon  on  the  way.  Later,  leaving  his 
son  in  charge  of  the  establishment,  Mr.  Lister 
went  to  Oconto,  distant  sixteen  miles,  where  he 
bought  an  interest  in  a  similar  establishment 
and  remained  there  a  year,  getting  the  business 
on  a  firm  basis.  His  next  venture  was  to  es- 
tablish a  sawmill  at  Gillett,  a  town  on  the 
Oconto  river,  but  while  engaged  in  logging 
there  that  winter,  the  weather  was  so  severe,  he 
felt  compelled  to  seek  a  more  congenial  climate. 
He  at  once  began  closing  out  his  interests  in 
this  locality,  and  on  the  advice  of  his  friend, 
Mr.  Ogden,  who  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  Mr.  Lister  concluded 
to  remove  to  the  Territory  of  Washington,  where, 
as  Mr.  Ogden  said,  "the  mills  are  all  twenty- 
five  years  behind  the  times."  He  advised  Mr. 
ListPi'  to  go  to  Tacoma,  which  place  had  been 
selected  as  the  western  terminus  of  the  road,  al- 
though he  said  it  would  be  ten  years  before 
they  could  do  anything  in  that  direction,  and 
urged  Mr.  Lister,  in  case  the  latter  followed  his 
advice,  to  do  what  he  could  to  build  up  the 
place. 

After  making  his  start  for  Puget  Sound  it 
was  a  month  later  when  he  reached  his  destina- 
tion. He  journeyed  via  the  Union  and  Central 
Pacific  railroads,  and  from  San  Francisco  to 
Victoria  on  the  steamer  Panama,  then  on  iier 
first  trip,  carrying  the  first  mail  on  the  route. 
Mr.  Lister  waited  three  days  to  get  a  vessel  for 
Tacoma,  and  then  secured  passage  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific,  which  landed  him  at  Seattle.  The 
accommodations  of  that  place  at  that  time  were 
considerably  overcrowded,  on  account  of  which 
Mr.  Lister  about  gave  up  the  idea  of  procuring 
a  place  for  tiie  night,  but  at  twelve  o'clock  the 
landlord  of  the  United  States  hotel  awoke  a 
lodger  and  gave  his  berth  to  Mr.  Lister.  On 
the  first  boat  that  left  for  Tacon)a  Mr.  Lister 
was  a  passenger,  and  landed  at  the  dock  in  Old 
Town.  Soon  after  landing  he  went  through 
Hanson's  mill,  wdiere  he  saw  a  man  trying  un- 
successfully to  match  some  floorii;g.  The  fore- 
man w'as  cursing  the  unfortunate  workman, 
and  eventually  Mr.  Lister  ventured  to  remark 


UlsrOBY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


that  wlien  the  man  had  gotten  tlirough  his  effort 
lie  would  try  his  hand.  He  did  so  and  suc- 
ceeded so  well  that  the  foreman  proposed  to 
employ  him  at  once,  to  which  proposition  Mr. 
Lister  replied  that  he  first  wished  to  see  New 
Tacoma,  and  to  get  to  the  site  had  to  walk 
seven-eighths  of  a  mile  along  the  beach.  His 
observation  showed  him  a  straggling  settlement, 
some  twenty  or  thirty  iiisigiiiticant  buildings 
amid  a  wilderness  of  trees  and  bi-ush,  and  not 
half  of  these  poor  structui'es  occupied.  Being 
confident,  from  what  he  saw,  that  tliere  was 
then  no  chance  of  doing  anything  tliere,  he 
retui'ned  to  the  mill,  and  accepted  employment 
for  the  time  being.  He  took  to  pieces  the  ma- 
chine at  which  he  had  first  tried  his  hand, 
adjusted  it,  put  it  together  again,  and  the  next 
morning  began  an  engagement,  which  he  con- 
tinued a  year  at  §100  a  month  and   board. 

During  this  year,  he  had  built  a  shop  in  Old 
Town,  and  General  Spi-ague,  who  was  then  liv- 
ing at  Kalama,  having  learned  of  this  fact,  ex- 
pressed a  desire  to  see  Mr.  Lister.  Having 
done  so,  the  General  asked  Mr.  Lister  what  had 
induced  the  latter  to  come  tu  Old  Town  and 
build  a  shop.  Having  learned  from  Mr.  Lister 
his  story,  General  Sprague  advised  him  to  re- 
move his  shop  to  New  Tacoma,  and  offered  his 
assistance  and  the  services  of  a  scow  for  that 
purpose,  adding,  "in  two  weeks  we  will  go  to- 
gether and  locate  our  machine  shop  and  yours 
as  w'ell."  They  selected  the  site  of  the  railroad 
shops  togethei-,  and  Mr.  Lister  chose  his  location 
near  by  at  tlie  foot  of  Fifteenth  street.  While 
engaged  in  this  preliminary  work,  they  had  a 
hard  time  getting  through  the  brush  and  their 
progress  was  further  impeded  on  account  of  the 
whole  town  being  knee-deep  in  mud,  there 
being  no  drainage.  Mr.  Lister  finally  succeeded 
in  removing  his  shop  to  the  new  place  and 
started  operations,  first  getting  his  machine 
work  done  at  Kalama.  The  road  between  that 
place  and  Tacoma  was  then  running  one  train  a 
day,  but  business  was  light  and  sometimes  he 
would  be  the  only  passenger  on  the  train.  That 
winter  his  family  joined  him.  He  completed 
his  buildings  in  1876,  and  on  March  17,  1877, 
he  turned  out  the  first  castings  for  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.  For  this  company  he 
made  all  the  car  wheels  and  all  other  iron  work 
that  Avas  wanted  for  its  line  on  this  side  of  the 
Rocky  mountains. 

He  also  traveled  extensively  over  the  Sound 
country,  in  quest  of  work  for  his  shops,  hoping 


to  build  up  an  immense  business,  of  which  a 
large  amount  of  marine  work  should  make  up 
a  portion  of  the  volume.  The  people  of  Seattle 
were  jealous  of  the  rival  town  on  account  of  its 
possession  of  such  an  important  plant,  which 
brought  in  so  much  ready  money,  and  the  enter- 
prising citizens  of  Seattle  offered  Mr.  Lister 
many  inducements  to  remove  to  their  midst,  or 
at  least  to  establish  a  branch  shop  in  their  town. 
But  Mr.  Lister  was  a  Tacoma  man,  through  and 
through,  and  was  not  to  be  dissuaded  from  the 
course  he  had  marked  out.  When  the  historic 
'•  boom  "  came,  Mr.  Lister  constructed  iron 
work  for  the  buildings  whicli  soon  began  to  line 
Pacific  avenue  and  other  bustling  streets.  He 
attended  personally  to  all  the  various  ramifi- 
cations of  his  business  and  even  did  all  his  own 
figuring  on  work.  The  intense  strain  on  his 
physical  constitution,  thus  imposed,  at  last  told 
on  even  such  a  tireless  man  as  he.  An  attack 
of  vertigo  coming  on  while  he  was  at  the  head 
of  a  stairway,  engaged  on  a  business  mission,  a 
fall  ensued,  resulting  in  a  severe,  though  tem- 
porary injury,  which  brought  about  his  retire- 
ment from  business. 

A  rest  from  labor,  coupled  with  loving  atten- 
tion and  a  trip  abroad,  brought  about  his 
restoration  to  such  a  state  of  health  and  vigor, 
that  although  retired  from  active  labor,  he  is  now 
one  (jf  thf  youngest  men  of  his  age.  But  he 
li:i(l  (liUL-  ciiuugh.  The  large  sums  which  he 
hii'l  ilir-lnii-.-ed  here  in  wages  amounting  for  long 
periods  to  as  much  as  ^9,000  a  month,  but  the 
volume  of  trade  he  had  brought  here  as  well  as 
the  prestige  accompanying,  had  been,  probably, 
the  principal  factor  in  holding  the  town  togeth- 
er and  advanced  its  prospects  undoubtedly  by 
many  years.  As  one  item  of  his  business,  it 
may  be  mentioned  that  he  built  sixty-one  en- 
gines in  his  shop.  In  1889,  he  sold  out  his 
shops  to  the  Dry  Dock  Company,  who  moved 
them  to  the  Fifteenth  street  wharf.  While  in 
the  active  ranks  of  business  in  this  city,  he 
l)uilt  many  houses,  and  was  actively  engaged  in 
till'  development  in  every  way  of  the  place.  His 
present  beautiful  place  on  North  I  street  was 
erected  in  1890.  It  is  worthy  of  incidental 
note  in  this  connection  that  Mr.  Lister  was  the 
first  to  pay  public  wages  iu  Tacoma.  At  the 
beginning  of  operations  he  had  to  transport  all 
his  eastings  to  the  dock  in  a  wheelbarrow. 

Mr.  Lister  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  to  whom  he  w'as  married  iu  England,  was 
originally  Anna  Mortimer,  who  died  at   Pesh- 


HISTORY     OF    WASUINOTON. 


tigo,  Wisconsin.  They  had  sixteen  children, 
live  of  whom  are  living:  Samuel  G.,  was  for 
years  Mr.  Lister's  foreman;  David  B.,  who  is 
now  with  the  company  to  whom  his  father  sold 
his  plant;  Jennie,  wife  of  Dr.  Barton;  John  W., 
a  resident  of  Olympia;  Annie,  wife  of  James 
Chambers,  of  Olympia.  Mr.  Lister  was  again 
married,  in  1873,  to  Mrs.  Church,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Townsend.  By  her  first  mar- 
riage she  had  nine  children.  She  was  also  a 
native  of  England,  and  came  to  America  at  the 
same  time  as  did  the  Lister  family,  settling  in 
Lowell,  with  her  husband  and  family  They 
removed  later  to  Peshtigo,  Wisconsin,  where 
she  was  living  at  the  time  of  the  great  fire. 
Mrs.  Lister  has  been  a  true  helpmeet  to  her  hus- 
band, and  it  is  a  just  recognition  of  her  quali- 
ties to  say  that  she  is  a  noble-hearted  woman. 
Being  endowed  with  a  high  order  of  intelligence 
and  trained  in  the  duties  of  a  physician,  her 
services  in  this  connection  were,  in  the  early 
days  of  Tacoma,  at  the  command  of  the  hum- 
blest and  poorest  of  the  early  settlers,  and  on 
many  nights  she  has  gone  through  the  brush 
and  timber  to  accord  care  and  comfort  to  some 
poor  suffering  mortal,  helpless  but  for  her  minis- 
trations. The  many  acts  of  charity  performed 
by  her,  will  never  be  forgotten  by  the  recipients 
of  iier  unselfish  devotion.  On  many  occasions 
when  Mr.  Lister  was  operating  his  shops,  with 
a  man  for  every  place  that  could  be  devised  for 
one,  and  when  some  applicant  for  work  would 
be  informed  that  there  was  no  place  in  w'hich 
his  services  could  be  used  to  advantage,  Mrs. 
Lister  would  intercede  for  the  stranger  and  get 
her  husband  to  find  something  for  him  to  do, 
just  to  lielp  out  those  who  wanted  and  needed 
work. 

Mr.  Lister  was  interested  in  every  effort  cal- 
culated to  put  the  new  town  on  its  feet,  so  to 
speak,  and  on  one  occasion,  C.  B.  Wright, 
president  of  the  Tacoma  Land  Company,  re- 
marked in  a  conversation  at  the  Tacoma  Hotel, 
"Had  it  not  been  for  this  man,"  pointing  to  Mr. 
Lister,  "Tacoma  would  not  have  been  built  when 
it  was  built."  Mr.  Li.-^ter  helped  to  organize 
the  town  of  Tacoma  and  was  one  of  its  first 
trustees.  A  city  charter  was  obtained  in  1881, 
and  he  was  appointed,  by  Governer  Newal,  first 
Mayor  of  Tacoma,  for  six  months,  to  hold  office 
until  after  election.  Mr.  Lister  was  elected  a 
School  Director  and  realizing  that  new  school 
facilities  were  needed,  he  set  about  providing 
something  that  would  be  beneficial  and  perma- 


nent. He  purchased  twenty-four  lots  on  the 
site  of  the  Central  school,  had  the  alley  vacated, 
procured  from  Portland,  plans  for  the  building, 
for  which  specifications  he  paid  $500,  and  find- 
ing these  not  to  his  liking  in  some  respects, 
changed  them  so  that  the  stairways  instead  of 
turning  to  the  center  of  the  building,  should 
lead  to  the  doors  which  opened  outward.  Mr. 
Lister  and  Mr.  Alexander  constituted  the  board, 
of  which  the  former  w'as  President.  The  board 
wanted  $10,000  voted  to  commence  building 
the  Central  school,  which  the  Council  would  not 
grant.  However  Messrs  Lister  and  Alexander 
went  ahead  and  let  the  contract  for  about  $10,- 
000.  The  people  saicf  it  would  be  twenty  years 
befoie  so  much  room  would  be  required,  but, 
Mr.  Lister  contended  that  the  school  would  be 
filled  before  finished.  It  was  also  considered  by 
many  to  be  foolish  to  secure  so  much  ground. 
Now  it  is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  best  in- 
vestments the  city  ever  made.  Regarding  his 
prophecy  as  to  attendance,  it  may  be  stated  that 
on  opening  day,  each  room  liad  its  full  quota  of 
sixty  scholars,  except  one  room,  which  had  but 
fifty.  The  building  cost  more  than  §30,000 
which  amount  was  paid  by  issuing  script,  which 
was  cashed  in  bank  as  needed. 

Mr.  Lister  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  for  half  a  century,  having  been  admitted 
in  Carbondale,  Pennsylvania.  He  also  belongs 
to  the  chapter  and  commandry.  He  was  an  or- 
ganizer and  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  capacity 
he  still  serves.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lister  and  W.  H. 
Fife  and  wife  are  all  that  now  remain  of  the 
original  congregation  organized  in  1876. 

In  closing  this  sketch  of  Mr.  Lister,  it  is  but 
just  and  proper  to  say  that  in  this  community, 
in  which  he  was  one  of  the  first  and  of  which  he 
was  for  so  many  years  one  of  the  principal  lead- 
ers, he  is  universally  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  honorable  and  upright  of  men,  one  who, 
while  successful  in  his  undertakings  has  accom- 
plished his  success  while  assisting  others,  rather 
than  building  what  there  is  of  his  fortune  on 
ruins  of  other  men's  pos.«essions. 


J  JACOB  N.  JESSEN,  proprietor  of  the  lead- 
ing liver}'    establishment    in    La    Center, 
Washington,    and  owning   a   large,  well- 
equipped  fruit  farm   in   that  town,  was  born  in 


BISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


841 


Tunder,  northern  Schleswig,  then  in  Denmark, 
December  8,  1840.  His  parents  were  Jess  and 
Gretamaria  (Nielsen)  Jesseu,  the  father  htine  a 
farmer,  and  both  being  honest,  liard- working 
and  worthy  people. 

Jacob  N.  Jessen  was  reared  on  the  home  farm 
and  attended  school  between  the  ages  of  six  and 
fonrteen,  learning  from  his  parents  those  habits 
of  indnstry  and  npright  principles  of  conduct 
which  have  rendered  hira  a  good  member  of  so- 
ciety, and  gained  for  him  prosperity  and  tlie  re- 
spect of  all  law-abiding  citizens.  After  attain- 
ing the  age  of  fourteen,  young  Jessen,  being  of 
an  adventurous  disposition  and  anxious  to  see 
the  world,  went  to  sea,  his  first  voyage  being  to 
Greenland,  that  misnamed  country  of  ice  and 
snow.  He  was  later  dratted  on  a  man-of-war, 
and  after  fourteen  months'  drilling  in  that  ser- 
vice, was  discharged.  His  next  trip  was  on  a 
mercliantman  to  the  West  Indies,  after  which 
he  returned  home.  In  1863  he  left  his  native 
country  for  America,  arriving  in  JSew  York 
city.  From  tbere  he  went  to  Canada,  and  thence 
to  Chicago,  then  showing  no  signs  of  its  pres- 
ent greatness,  and  after  fourteen  months  there 
decided  to  seek  his  fortune  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
to  which  so  many  people  were  emigrating.  Ac- 
cordingly, he  proceeded  to  New  York  city,  from 
which  port  he  embarked,  via  the  Niearagua 
route,  for  San  Francisco,  in  which  latter  city  he 
arrived  in  1865. 

lEr.  Jessen  made  his  home  in  California  for 
seven  years,  part  of  the  time  farming  on  his  own 
account,  but  for  the  most  part  engaged  as  fore- 
man of  the  large  Hayward  ranch.  At  the  end 
of  this  time  he  decided  to  visit  the  Piiget 
Sound  country,  and  in  April,  1871,  went  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  from  which  place  be  shortly 
afterward  came  to  Washington,  and  took  up 
eighty  acres  of  land,  situated  three  miles  north 
of  La  Center,  in  Clarke  county.  He  cleared 
the  timber  from  a  large  portion  of  his  land, 
fenced  the  whole  tract  and  made  a  number  of 
other  valuable  iinprovements,  and  had  thirty 
acres  in  a  tine  state  of  cultivation,  when  he  sold 
out,  in  1882,  and  removed  to  the  town  of  La 
Center.  Here  he  immediately  engaged  in  the 
livery  business,  wliich,  with  his  other  interests, 
now  absorbs  his  attention.  On  his  place  in  La 
Center,  he  raises  various  fruits  suitable  to  the 
soil  and  climate,  including  prunes,  pears  and 
apples.  These  different  enterprises  have  proven 
eminently  successful,  and  the  cause  is  not  diffi- 
cult to  find.       It  is  owing  to  Mr.  Jessen's  con- 


tinued industry,  intelligent  care  and  attention 
to  details,  which,  combined  with  the  ren)arkable 
resources  of  Washington,  both  agricultural  and 
commercial,  have  gained  for  him  comfort  and 
prosperity,  and  he  is  in  a  fair  way  to  attaining 
fortune  in  the  coming  years. 

Politically,  Mr.  Jessen  is  a  Democrat  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs,  although 
he  is  not  an  office-seeker,  but  his  superior  qual- 
ifications of  mind  and  character  amply  fit  him 
for  public  service,  and  he  will,  no  doubt,  be 
called  upon,  at  some  future  time,  to  represent 
the  people  in  that  capacity.  He  is  enterprising, 
progressive  and  ever  ready  to  aid  his  commu- 
nity, to  the  advancement  of  which  he  has  con- 
tributed his  full  share  of  energetic  and  intelli- 
gent eflbrt. 


IVTfEWTON   F.  CAIN,  a  thrifty  farmer  and 
I  ^     dairyman   of   Clarke   county,   Washing- 
I    \    ton,  residing   near  Manor,    was   bora  in 
■f/  Lucas  county,  Iowa,  September  2r),  1852. 

His  parents,  Isaac  and  Elizalieth  J.  (Leeper) 
Cain,  wero  natives  of  Indiana  and  Ohio,  respec- 
tively, although  hoth  removed  to  Iowa  when 
young,  in  which  State  they  were  married,  near 
Eddyville.  The  father  is  still  a  resident  of  Lu- 
cas county,  Iowa,  but  the  dear  old  mother  is 
dead,  her  death  having  occurred  June  2,  1888, 
at  the  age  of  fifty  eight  years,  eleven  months 
and  seventeen  days,  afier  a  life  of  devotion  to 
her  family. 

Mr.  Cain,  of  this  notice,  was  reared  in  his 
native  county  on  the  home  farm,  where  he  re- 
sided until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  re- 
ceiving his  education  in  the  local  schools,  and 
being  trained  to  hahits  of  industry  and  useful- 
ness by  his  worthy  parents.  In  1876,  induced 
by  the  advantages  of  cheap  land  offered  by  the 
extreme  West,  he  went  to  California,  and  was 
for  a  time  near  Woodland,  in  Yolo  county. 
From  there  he  went  on  a  visit  to  Oregon  and 
Washington,  looking  over  the  country,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Iowa.  In  1881  he  went 
to  Texas,  and  spent  about  a  year  on  the  Red 
I'iver,  in  Clay  county,  after  which  he  once  more 
returned  to  Iowa,  on  a  visit.  In  the  spring  of 
1883  he  came  to  Washington  with  the  intention 
of  settling,  and  bought  the  Curtis  estate,  of  440 
acres,  in  Clarke  county,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.      He  lias  since  sold  portions  ofhisorig- 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


inal  purchase,  and  now  retains  160  acres,  to 
wbich  he  devotes  his  personal  attention.  Forty 
acres  of  this  is  now  cleared  and  mostly  grown  to 
grain.  Besides  his  farming  interests,  he  also 
conducts  a  dairy  business,  in  which  he  uses  tiie 
product  of  sixteen  cows.  In  the  winter  of  1892 
Mr.  Cain  set  out  about  140  fruit  trees,  and  it  is 
his  intention  to  plant  about  300  in  all,  mostly 
Bartlett  pears  and  v'inter  apples.  This  prom- 
ises to  become,  under  Mr.  Cain's  careful  super- 
vision, one  of  the  finest  orchards  in  the  State, 
and  will  afford  him  an  ample  income  besides  in- 
creasing home  industries. 

February  4,  1886,  Mr.  Cain  was  married,  and 
he  and  his  worthy  wife  have  three  cliildren: 
James  Clinton,  Cody  Newton  and  Minnie  Eliz- 
abeth. 

Politically,  Mr.  Cain  is  a  Democrat.  He  is 
domestic  in  his  tastes,  finding  his  greatest  iiap- 
piness  in  the  society  of  his  family  and  friends, 
and  in  the  care  of  his  valuable  estate.  Not- 
withstanding this,  he  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
the  public  welfai'e,  especially  of  his  commnuity, 
and  has  done  much  by  his  iritelligeiit  and  effi- 
cient labors  to  increase  and  develop  its  re- 
sources. 


Q 


^''EORGE  ALEXANDER,  Superintendent 
of  the  Port  Townsend  Steel  Wire  &,  Nail 


II  Company,  was  l)orn  in  Covington,  Ken- 
^  tucky,  December  14,  1866,  a  son  of  John 
H.  and  Jane  E.  (Early)  Alexander,  natives  of 
Illinois  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  father 
was  an  extensive  contractor  in  timber  and  stone 
for  culverts  and  bridges  in  railroad  work. 

George  Alexander  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Covington  until  fifteen  years  of  age.  As  an 
ajjprentice,  he  then  entered  the  employ  of  the 
American  Wire  Nail  Company,  the  first  insti- 
tution in  the  country  to  manufacture  wire  nails, 
and  remained  with  tliem  four  years,  becoming 
a  competent  workman  in  every  department  of 
the  business.  From  1885  to  July,  1889,  he  was 
engaged  as  superintendent  of  the  United  States 
Wire  Nail  Company,  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
and  in  the  latter  year  the  works  were  removed  to 
Jackson,  Ohio,  and  consolidated  with  the  Jackson 
Steel  Works.  The  works  were  then  enlarged,  with 
increased  facilities,  and  Mr.  Alexander  contin- 
ued in  charge  of  the  shop  imtil  the  early  spring 
of  1892,  when  he   resigned  Ids  position  to  take 


part  in  the  organization  of  the  factory  at  Port 
Townsend.  He  spent  the  summer  of  1892  at 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  associated  with  James  M. 
Lively  in  superintending  the  building  of  the 
machinery  for  the  Port  Townsend  factory,  which 
was  constructed  by  the  Erie  City  Iron  Works. 
After  completing  the  machinery,  in  the  fall  of 
1892,  Mr.  Alexnander  made  a  short  visit  at 
Covington,  and  then  started  for  this  city,  to  as- 
sist in  erecting  the  plant  and  establishing  the  fac- 
tory. Although  a  young  man,  he  is  one  of  the 
oldest  artisans  in  the  steel  wire  nail  business. 
Commencing  when  the  business  was  in  its  in- 
cipiency,  and  possessing  a  mechanical  mind,  Mr. 
Alexander  devised  new  machines  for  peiforming 
the  work,  and  May  2,  1893,  received  a  United 
States  patent  for  a  wire  nail  machine.  For  this 
machine  is  claimed:  First,  improved  means  for 
opening  and  closing  the  jaws  which  hold  the 
wire  while  the  head  is  formed;  and  second, 
means  for  operating  the  cutters  which  finish  the 
nail  and  separate  it  from  the  wire,  which  con- 
sists of  a  combination  of  minor  gears  and  crank 
shalts  in  tlie  place  of  levers  and  cams.  Upon 
the  principles  of  his  patent  are  constructed  the 
fifty  machines  now  in  use  in  the  Port  Townsend 
nail  works,  which  have  a  combined  capacity  of 
400  kegs  every  ten  hours,  and  on  smaller  nails 
the  speed  of  the  machine  can  be  maintained  at 
400  nails  per  minute.  Mr.  Alexander  is  a  prac- 
tical mechanic,  and  under  his  watchful  eye,  la- 
bor-saving machines  are  being  invented  and  put 
in  use,  which  makes  the  Port  Townsend  nail 
factory  a  very  complete  institution  iu  every 
point  of  detail. 


PjETER  AHOLA,  proprietor  of  one  of  the 
leading  mercantile  establishments  of  Cen- 
tervilJe,  Washington,  is  a  native  of  Fin- 
land, born  November  7,  1858,  the  third 
of  a  family  of  nine  children.  His  parents, 
Matthew  and  Matilda  (Leononer)  Ahola  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States,  believing  they 
would  meet  with  the  same  success  that  had  at- 
tended their  countrymen  who  had  sought  homes 
in  the  New  Woidd.  They  located  in  Michigan 
and  resided  in  that  State  until  1878,  when  they 
removed  to  Washington  and  settled  in  Klickitat 
county.  Matthew  Ahola  is  a  cabinet-maker  by 
trade,  and  his  son  is  also  a  skilled  mechanic; 
father    and  son    have   sriven    attention    to   hus- 


fflSTOMV    OF    WASHINGTON. 


baiulry  and  have  been  iinitbrinly  successful  in 
their  efforts.  Having  disposed  of  liis  farniirg 
land  our  subject  embarked  in  the  mercantile 
trade  in  the  nourishing  little  villacrc  of  Ccnter- 
ville,  opening  his  store  to  the  public  March  15, 
1893;  he  carries  a  general  stock  of  shelf  and 
heavy  hardware,  and  a  full  line  of  agricultural 
implements;  he  has  also  a  line  of  harness  and 
saddler's  goods.  He  is  a  man  of  good  business 
habits,  and  has  the  energy  and  thrift  character- 
istic of  his  countrymen. 

A  loyal  citizen  of  the  land  of  his  adoption  he 
is  fully  alive  to  his  duty,  and  is  a  stanch  sup- 
porter of  those  principles  that  go  to  make  good 
governiuent;  he  casts  his  suffrage  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  also  takes  an  active  inter- 
est in  educational  matters,  and  for  many  years 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  School  Di- 
rectors. He  is  not  a  member  of  any  secret 
society. 

Mr.  Ahola  was  married  at  The  Dalles,  Ore- 
gon, December  19,  1888,  and  has  a  family  of 
two,  Mabel  B.  wnd  Hazel;  the  third  daughter 
died  in  infancy. 


EOKGE  E.  STARRETT,  a  contractor  and 
builder  of  Port  Tovvnsend,  was  born  in 
Thomaston,  Maine,  October  31,  1855,  a 
son  of  Edwin  and  Cordelia  (Merrick) 
Starrett,  natives  of  that  State,  and  descended 
from  Puritan  ancestry.  Tiie  father,  foil  owed  the 
trade  of  a  ship  carpenter  in  Thomaston  for 
twenty-nine  years,  or  until  1864.  He  then  re- 
moved with  liis  family  to  Lake  county,  Illinois, 
where  he  engaged  in  house  carpentering  until 
1885,  and  then  moved  to  Port  Townsend,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  followed  that  occupation  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life. 

George  E.  Starrett,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
attended  the  schools  of  his  native  country  until 
si.xteen  years  of  age,  and  then  began  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  under  his  father's  instructions.  He 
i-einained  with  the  latter  until  he  became  pro- 
ficient in  every  department  of  the  business. 
Thus  acquiring  valuable  experience,  in  1880  he 
came  to  California,  and  thence,  by  the  old 
steamer  Idaho,  to  Port  Townsend,  where  he  re- 
mained with  his  brother,  D.  W.  Starrett,  fm'  a 
time.  Mr.  Starrett  next  located  in  Port  Town- 
send,  as  a  contractor  and  builder,  and  his  tir.-t 
work   was  the  erection  of  the  Catholic  Church. 


From  that  time  his  business  has  steadily  in- 
creased until  he  now  employs  a  force  of  from 
twenty-tive  to  fifty  men,  and  has  erected  a  large 
portion  of  the  residence  and  business  liouees  of 
the  city.  As  there  was  no  architect  in  the  town, 
Mr.  Starrett  was  forced  to  take  up  that  branch 
of  the  work,  which  he  has  conducted  with 
marked  skill  and  ability.  In  addition  to  his 
other  busiiies  interests,  he  has  also  pei-formed 
the  undertaking  work  for  the  County  and 
Marine  hospitals  since  1889,  and  since  1890 
has  conducted  a  general  undertaking  establish- 
ment. In  July,  1892,  he  organized  the  Port 
Townsend  Dry  Dock  Company,  and  as  manager 
is  erecting  a  dry  dock  near  Port  Wilson.  He 
is   a  stockholder   in    the   Port    Townsend  Steel 


Wire  and   Nail   Com 


pany. 


Mr.    Starrett   also 


owns  a  large  amount  of  improved  residence  and 
business  property  in  this  city. 

In  1887  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mi-'s 
Annie  D.  VanBokkelen,  a  native  of  Port  Town- 
send,  and  a  daughter  of  J.  J.  H.  VanBokkelen, 
a  pioneer  of  Pugtt  Sound,  whose  name  is  cher- 
ished and  r('\ei<-i|  hy  all  who  know  him.  He 
was  of  Hulland-Welsh  ancestry,  and  possessed 
strong  characteristics  and  unflinching  zeal.  He 
served  as  Postmaster,  County  Auditor,  Sheriff, 
Probate  Judge,  three  terms  in  the  Territorial 
Council,  and  during  his  intervals  of  ])nblic 
service  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
Mr.  Starrett  has  erected  a  spacious  home  on  the 
corner  of  Adams  and  Clay  streets,  whei-e  he  and 
his  wife  now  reside,  surrounded  by  all  the  com- 
forts of  life.  In  1890  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  School  Board,  has  served  two  terms  in 
the  City  Council,  is  servinga  four  years'  term  as 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  County  Commission- 
ers, and  is  one  of  the  active  and  enterprising 
developers  of  the  Key  City. 


[fJfON.  JOSEPH  A.  SHADLE,  Represent- 
[pn      ative  from  Pierce  county,  to  the   Legis- 
I     li    lature    of    Washington,    and  Accountant 
//  and  Steward  of  the  Western  Washington 

Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at  Fort  Steilai-Doin,  was 
born  in  W^auseon,  Ohio,  January  16,  1866. 
His  parents,  Allen  and  Ann  (Whitaker)  Shadle, 
were  natives  of  Wooster  and  Medina,  Ohio,  re- 
spectively, the  former  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
Both  the  maternal  and  paternal  grandparents  of 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


tlie  subject  of  this  sketch  were  early  settlers  of 
Ohio,  the  former  having  removed  from  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Wooster,  and  the  latter  Irom  New 
York  State  to  Medina. 

Joseph  A.  Shadle,  the  suhject  of  this  sketch, 
was  reared  in  the  State  of  his  nativity,  receiv- 
ing his  preliminary  education  in  the  common 
schools,  afterward  attending  Fayette  College,  at 
which  he  graduated  in  June,  1886.  He  taught 
school  during  the  winter,  following  his  gradu- 
ation, after  which  he  came  to  Washington  and 
taught  one  term  in  Koy,  Pierce  county.  He 
tlien  became  manager  of  a  general  mercantile 
store  at  the  same  place,  in  which  capacity  he 
continued  until  April  22,  1889.  He  was  then 
appointed  to  the  stewardship  of  the  Western 
Washington  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  which  he 
has  held  ever  since,  with  the  exception  of  the 
time  during  his  term  as  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State.  He  resigned 
his  stewardship  to  accept  the  latter  ofHce,  and 
was  re  instated  when  at  liberty  to  resume  his 
former  duties,  which  he  at  present  discharges. 
He  also  acts  as  accountant  of  this  iustution  and 
attends  to  many  details  of  the  business  manage- 
ment. 

In  the  fall  of  1892,  Mr.  Shadle  received  the 
Republican  nomination  for  representative  of 
Pierce  county,  and  was  eluctel  by  a  flattering 
plurality.  He  served  on  the  following  standing 
committees:  Education,  Compensation  and  Fees 
of  State  and  County  Officers,  Universities  and 
Normal  Schools,  Enrolled  and  Engrossed  Bills, 
and  also  on  several  special  committees.  He  was 
one  of  the  principal  supporters  of  the  measure 
for  the  levying  of  a  direct  State  tax  for  school 
purposes,  which  was  carried  in  the  House,  but 
failed  liy  one  vote  of  passing  the  Senate.  He 
also  labored  earnestly  in  behalf  of  building  per- 
manent country  roads.  He  was  the  author  of 
House  Bill,  No.  263,  entitled,  "An  Act  to  pre- 
vent the  making  of  deficiencies  in  the  pultlic  in- 
stitutions and  departments  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, and  providing  for  an  emergency  board," 
whit-h  became  a  law.  He  was  also  the  author 
of  several  educational  measures. 

Although  a  young  man,  Mr.  Shadle  is  recog- 
nized as  a  pioniinent  Repulilican.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  State  convention  at  Tacoma, 
in  1890. 

August  25,  1887,  Mr.  Shadle  was  married  at 
Ottokee,  Ohio,  to  Miss  Rose  A.  Siebold,a  native 
of  that  State,  and  a  woman  of  intelligence  and 
personal  wortii. 


Fraternally,  Mr.  Shadle  is  Past  Master  Work- 
man of  the  Fort  Steilacoon  lodge,  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  belong- 
ing to  the  Camp  at  Wauseon,  Ohio.  He  is 
progressive  and  liberal  minded,  deeply  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  his  State  and  an  important 
factor  in  her  development,  and  as  such  deserves 
more  extended  mention  in  this  volume  than 
space  permits. 

DR.  GEORGE  H.  T.  SPARLING,  promi- 
nent  among    the    medical    fraternity  of 
Washington,  and  a  gentleaian  of    marked 

enterprise  and  public  spirit,  is  a  native  of  tlie 
"Sunny  South,"  having  been  born  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  October  18,  1867.  His  father,  Dr. 
F.  W.  Sparling,  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and 
emigrated  to  Canada  in  boyhood,  where  he  was 
reared  and  educated  in  literature  and  medicine. 
He  subsequently  married  Mary  Hamilton,  of 
Scotch  descent,  and  they  removed  to  the  United 
States,  living  for  a  time  in  Detroit,  Michigan, 
where  he  followed  the  practice  of  medicine. 
They  subsequently  removed  to  Nashville,  where 
he  continued  his  profession  until  1861,  when 
the  civil  war  broke  out.  He  then  entered  the 
Union  army  as  a  surgeon,  and  after  the  war, 
continued  in  the  service  in  the  Fust  until  1872, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  the  Pacific  coast  and 
was  stationed  successively  at  forts  Canby  and 
Steilacoom  and  Port  Townsend.  In  1874,  he 
retired  from  the  army  and  settled  in  Seattle, 
Washington,  where  he  has  since  continued  in 
general  practice,  being  one  of  the  oldest  and 
ablest  medical  men  in  that  vacinity.  Aside 
from  his  prominence  as  a  physician  and  surgeon, 
he  is  I'eeognized  as  a  progressive  citizen,  deeply 
interested  in  his  adopted  State  and  city,  to  the 
advancement  of  both  of  which  he  has  largely 
contributed,  and  is  justly  regarded  with  uni- 
versal respect  and  esteem. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  about  five 
years  of  age  when  his  parents  removed  to  Seat- 
tle, Washington,  where  he  was  reared,  receiving 
his  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  that  city  and  afterward  attending  the  Terri- 
torial University.  He  tlien  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  under  the  able  preceptorship 
of  his  father,  after  which  he  entered  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
subsequently  graduated  in  the  same  department 


^X       ^Z-    cJ^, 


niSTOUY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


845 


of  tlie  University  of  Oregon,  in  tlie  spring  of 
1890.  He  began  bis  practice  in  Seattle,  and 
from  tlie  first  met  with  gratifying  recognition. 
In  the  following  N^ovember,  lie  was  appointed 
Health  Officer  of  the  city  by  tlie  Board  of 
Health,  the  duties  ot  which  he  discharged  until 
the  fall  of  1892,  when  he  tendered  his  resig- 
nation. He  was  complimented  by  the  Board 
of  Health  on  his  "faithful,  efficient  and  honest" 
service,  and  they  accepted  his  resignation  with 
reluctance.  The  duties  of  this  office  were  quite 
arduous  and  were  conducted  to  the  abandonment 
of  his  general  practice  only,  to  which  latter  work 
the  Doctor  will  now  devote  his  entire  time  and 
attention.  His  former  success  is  sufficient 
proof  of  that  which  is  to  follow,  and  he  has  the 
best  of  prospects  for  continued  prosperity  and 
wide  patronage. 

November  22,  ]890,  Dr.  Sparling  was  mar- 
ried, in  Seattle,  to  Miss  Clio  i!kl.  Pritchard,  a 
native  of  Iowa,  but  reared  and  educated  in 
Stockton,  California.  She  is  a  la'ly  of  superior 
attainments  and  culture  anl  well  known  in 
Seattle  society. 

The  Doctor  is  a  Republican  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  politics  of  the  iifth  ward  in 
Seattle,  and  has  otherwise  lent  efficient  aid  to 
his  party  in  local  affairs.  He  affiliates  with  the 
I.  O.  O.F.;  K.  of  P.;  Sons  of  Veterans.  G.  A. 
R  ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  State  and  King 
county  medical  societies.  As  a  professional 
man,  private  citizen  and  public  official,  he  has 
been  characterized  by  the  highest  efficiency  and 
most  honorable  conduct,  and  enjoys  the  esteem 
of  all  who  know  him. 

IlOHN  W.   HANNA,  manager  of  the  new 

t-  J  Seattle  theater,  was  born  in  Harrison 
^  county,  Ohio,  December  2,  1848.  His 
parents,  William  and  Mary  (Colwell)  Hanna, 
were  natives  respectively  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Virginia,  where  their  ancestry  settled  prior  to 
tlie  war  of  the  Revolution.  William  Hanna  was 
a  merchant  of  Deersville,  Ohio,  and  also  an 
extensive  purchaser  of  cattle  and  sheep,  which 
were  driven  to  the  Eastern  markets.  He  was  a 
Wesleyan  Methodist  and  an  aixlent  Abolitionist, 
and  wielded  a  powerful  influence  in  the  State. 
Subsequently  retiring  from  business, he  removed 
to  Columbus,  Iowa,  where  he  now  resides. 


John  W.  Hanna  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Deersville  and  at  Mattoon,  Illinois,  receiving 
a  practical  business  education  in  his  father's 
store.  In  the  fall  of  1869,  at  Mattoon,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  stationery  and  book  business,  which 
he  conducted  for  twenty  years,  and  incidentally 
had  charge  of  Dole's  Opera  House,  during  the 
greater  portion  of  this  time.  He  also  served 
four  years  as  Alderman  of  the  city,  having  been 
elected  by  the  Republican  party. 

In  1889  he  came  to  Washington,  and  on  the 
completion  of  the  Tacoma  Theater  he  secured 
management,  and  opened  the  theater  on  the  13th 
of  January,  1890,  continuing  in  charge  for  one 
year. 

In  1891,  he  came  to  Seattle  and  arranged  to 
manage  the  Seattle  Opera  House,  which  he  con- 
ducted until  the  completion  of  the  New  Seattle 
Theater,  then,  as  lessee  and  sole  manager,  opened 
the  latter  house  on  the  5th  of  December,  1892, 
with  a  performance  by  the  Duff  Opera  Com- 
pany, before  a  large,  fashionable  and  apprecia- 
tive audience.  This  theater  has  a  seating  capac- 
ity of  1,500,  with  an  improved  sectional  stage, 
10  X  76  feet;  thirty  complete  sets  of  scenery, 
painted  by  Thomas  G.  Moses,  the  scenic  artist 
of  Chicago;  a  tire-proof  asbestos  curtain  between 
stage  and  auditorium,  and  the  most  complete 
electric  system  of  all  theaters  in  the  North- 
west. 

Mr.  Hanna  is  the  representative  of  the  New 
York  Booking  Agency  for  the  Puget  Sound 
district,  and  thus  secures  the  best  traveling 
companies  of  the  East  for  the  cities  of  the 
Sound  and  British  Columbia. 

He  was  married  in  Mattoon,  Illinois,  in  1870, 
to  Miss  Mary  E.  Henderson,  of  Ohio.  They 
have  four  children:  Gertrude,  Ethel  M.,  Will- 
iam H.  and  Clara. 

Socially,  Mr.  Hanna  affiliates  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  B.  P.  O.  E.,  and  The  Knights 
and  Ladies  of  Honor. 

MOS  F.  SHAW,  Surveyor  General  for 
the  State  of  Washington,  was  born  in 
,  Salisbury,  Merrimack  county,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1810.  His  parents, 
Abraham  and  Hannah  (Fifield)  Shaw,  were  na- 
tives of  the  same  State,  descended  from  Puritan 
ancestors  who  were  famed  as  honored  partici- 
pants of  the   Revolutionary   war.      Descending 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


from  a  faniilj  of  agriculturists,  Abraham  Shaw 
pursued  the  same  occnpation,  and  passed  his 
life  amid  the  associations  of  his  boyhood. 

Amos  F.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Salis- 
bury, the  academy  at  Franklin,  and  the  college 
at  Tilton,  remaining  with  his  parents  until  1859, 
when  he  started  westward.  At  Sioux  Falls  he 
took  up  a  claim  and  engaged  in  farming. 

In  January,  1862,  young  Shaw  euliirted  in 
Company  A,  Dakota  Cavalry,  Captain  Nelson 
JMinor,  which  served  as  an  independent  company, 
the  Territory  being  too  thinly  populated  to  raise 
a  regiment.  They  were  ordered  SoutJi;  but, 
owing  to  the  uprising  of  the  Indians,  weie 
stationed  on  the  frontier  and  engaged  with 
General  Sully  in  his  expedition  against  the 
Siouxs.  Mr.  Shaw  remained  in  that  depart- 
ment for  three  and  a  half  years,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  in  June,  1805.  He  then  passed  two 
years  as  sub-Indian  agent,  stationed  at  Fort 
Rice  on  the  upper  Missouri  river,  among  the 
Sioux  tribes  of  "  Sitting  Bull,"  "  Eain-in-tlie- 
Face,"  "  Spotted  Tail,"  and  "  Eed  Cloud,"  the 
tribes  then  numbering  about  7,000. 

As  Sioux  Falls  had  been  abandoned  in  1862 
after  the  Minnesota  massacre,  Mr.  Shaw  settled 
in  Ciav  county,  Dakota,  in  1867,  and  engaged 
in  farming.  While  there  he  served  three  years 
as  Sheriff  and  two  years  in  the  Territorial  Leg- 
islature. In  1872  he  returned  to  Sioux  Falls. 
He  organized  the  Sioux  Falls  Milling  Company, 
of  which  he  was  elected  president,  and  built  a 
flour  mill,  of  100  barrel  capacity,  which  he 
operattd  for  several  years,  at  the  same  time 
continuing  his  real-estate  interests.  He  was 
twice  honored  by  being  elected  to  the  Territor- 
ial Legislature  from  Minnehaha  county,  of 
which  Sioux  Falls  is  the  county  seat,  it  having 
a  population  of  1,500  and  at  that  time  being  the 
largest  city  in  South  Dakota.  During  the 
Sioux  river  freshet  of  1881  Mr.  Shaw's  milling 
interests  were  carried  away  and  totally  destroyed. 
He  then  decided  to  try  a  new  country  with  a 
milder  climate,  in  a  region  more  accessible  to 
niHrket,  and  in  a  s-ection  adapted  to  fruit  inter- 
ests. Coming  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  finding 
these  elements  existing  at  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington, he  purchased  twenty  acres  ot  timber 
land  near  the  city,  began  clearing  and  impruv- 
ing  tlie  same,  and  now  has  the  entire  acreage  in 
fruit,  sixteen  acres  being  in  Italian  prunes  and 
four  acres  in  pears.  In  1884  Mr.  Shaw  re- 
turned to  Sioux  Falls  to  look  after  real-estate 
interests,  and  remained   three  years,  two  years 


of  that  time  serving  as  Warden  of  tlie  Dakota 
penitentiary.  Returning  to  Vancouver  in  1887, 
he  applied  himself  to  his  fruit  interests.  In  the 
fall  of  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  first  State 
Legislature  of  Washington,  was  re-elected  in 
1890  for  two  years,  and  served  as  Speaker  of 
the  House  during  the  latter  term. 

He  was  married  in  Clay  county,  South  Da- 
kota, in  May,  1868,  to  Miss  Josephine  E. 
Moulin,  a  native  of  Iowa.  They  have  no 
children. 

Mr.  Shaw  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
chapter  and  commandery,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  has 
been  a  life-long  Republican,  strong  and  zealous 
his  affiliations.  In  July,  1892,  he  was  appointed 
to  his  present  position,  that  of  Surveyor  Gen- 
eral of  the  State  of  Washington,  by  President 
Harrison. 


41    ir 


J[  AL  M.  WYMAN,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful practitioners  of  Olympia,  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Marion,  Linn  county, 
Iowa,  August  12,  1861,  son  of  Oliver  C. 
and  Charlotte  E.  (Mullin)  Wyman,  natives  of 
Indiana  and  Iowa  respectively. 

Oliver  C.  Wyman  was  a  prominent  inereliant 
of  Marion  until  1878,  when  he  removed  to 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  there  organized 
the  firm  of  Wyman,  Partridge  &  Co.,  wholesale 
dry  goods  merchants  and  manufacturers  of 
tents,  awnings  and  campers'  supplies,  employ- 
ing about  350  men  in  the  several  departments 
and  doing  an  extensive  business  throughout  the 
Northwest. 

Hal  M.  received  his  literary  education  in  the 
Minneapolis  high  school  and  at  the  University 
of  Michigan.  He  commenced  his  medical 
studies  in  1879  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  under  the 
preceptorship  of  his  uncle.  Dr.  Hal  C.  Wyman, 
and  attended  the  old  Detroit  Medical  College 
for  one  year.  At  this  time  the  dissenting 
faculty  created  the  Michigan  College  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery,  in  which  his  uncle  became 
Professor  of  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery, 
and  where  young  Wyman  graduated  in  1883. 
After  his  graduation  he  c;ime  directly  to 
Olympia,  where  his  uncle,  Dr.  Hugh  S.  Wy- 
man, was  then  practicing.  This  uncle  is  now 
surgeon  at  the  Tread  well  Stamp  Mill  on  Doug- 
las island  and  at  the  Sisters'  Hospital  at 
Juneau,  Alaska. 


EI  STORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Upon  his  arrival  at  Oijinpia,  Dr.  Wyman 
formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  N.  (Jstraiuler, 
with  wiiorn  lie  was  associated  in  practice  two 
years.  He  then  made  a  trip  to  Europe  and 
passed  two  years  and  a  half  in  the  leading  hos- 
pitals of  London,  Hamburg,  Berlin  and  Paris, 
receiving  practical  instruction  in  the  practice  of 
both  medicine  and  surgery.  Returning  to  the 
United  States  in  1889,  he  again  located  at 
Olympia,  and  through  his  extended  experience 
and  scientific  knowledge  he  has  acquired  a  very 
extensive  practice. 

Ur.  Wyman  is  unmarried  and  is  a  member 
of  no  fraternal  societies.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Wayne  County  Medical  Society  of  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  the  Tiuirston  County  Medical 
Society,  and  holds  certificates  from  the  State 
Board  of  Examiners  of  Minnesota,  California 
and  Washington. 

TILGHMAN  F.  PATTON,  one  of  the  re- 
presentative citizens  of  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
born  four  miles  southeast  of  Flemings- 
burg,  in  Fleming  county,  September  16,  1826, 
his  parents  being  Joseph  and  Mary  Ann  (Rob- 
bing) Patton.  His  grandfather  Fatten  came  from 
Ireland,  and  was  an  early  settler  in  Bourbon 
county,  Kentucky,  and  the  father  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Paris,  that  county.  Mary  Ann 
Patton  was  born  in  Maryland,  of  English  des- 
cent. Her  father,  Roger  Robbins,  an  English 
sea  captain,  was  lost  at  sea,  having  sailed  from 
Baltimore  and  nothing  was  ever  heard  from  him. 
T.  F.  Patton  was  only  seven  years  old  when 
his  parents  emigrated  with  their  family  to 
Sangamon  county,  Hlinois,  and  located  near 
Springfield.  About  two  years  later  they  went 
to  Pike  county,  Missouri,  settlingnear  Louisiana, 
and  there  the  mother  died  in  1835.  Shortly 
after  her  death  the  father  took  his  family  back 
to  Kentucky,  and  in  Kentucky  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  grew  to  manhood.  In  1844  the 
Patton  family  again  directed  their  course  west- 
ward, this  time  to  the  Platte  purchase,  and 
settled  in  Platte  county,  Missouri.  In  1846  T. 
F.  Patton  became  a  teamster  in  the  employ  of 
the  United  States  Government,  operating  be- 
tween Fort  Leavenworth  and  Santa  Fe.  The 
following  year  he  returned  to  his  home,  and  in 
1849  crossed  the  plains  to  California,   leaving 


St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  May  3,  and  arriving  at 
Sacramento  about  the  middle  of  September. 
He  mined  near  Shasta,  in  northern  California 
a  short  time,  and  then  he  and  three  others  made 
canoes  and  during  the  high  water  went  down 
the  river  to  Sacramento.  He  hired  out  thereto 
drive  a  four-inule  team,  freighting  to  the 
Georgetown  mines  at  $200  per  month,  and  fol- 
lowed that  until  the  fall  of  1850,  when  the 
cholera  freightened  him  out.  He  next  went  to 
the  Santa  Clara  valley,  and  began  farming  near 
Mountain  View,  where  he  remained  until  1852. 
That  year  he  went  back  to  Missouri,  the  return 
trip  being  made  in  the  old  steamer  Indepen- 
dence and  by  the  Micarauga  route;  and  the 
practicability  of  a  Nicaragua  canal  struck  him 
forcibly  at  that  time,  so  that  he  has  ever  since 
been  an  advocate  of  it. 

May  1,  1853,  Mr.  Patton  again  started  on  the 
overland  journey  for  California,  this  time  being 
accompanied  by  his  father  and  family.  After 
a  prosperous  trip  across  the  plains  we  again  find 
him  settled  on  his  Santa  Clara  farm.  In  1854, 
leaving  his  father  on  that  place,  he  went  to  the 
Cosumne  river  in  Amador  county,  and  followed 
fanning  about  three  years,  and  was  married 
while  a  i-esident  there.  He  next  went  to 
Sonoma  county,  located  near  Healdsburg,  and 
carried  on  farming  operations  there  about  three 
years.  AVhile  residing  near  Healdsburg  he  had 
the  misfortune  to  lose  his  wife,  whose  untimely 
death  occurred  in  December,  1861.  Their  mar- 
riage was  in  March,  1855,  her  maiden  name 
was  Sarah  McKinley,  and  she  was  a  native  of 
Missouri.  Only  one  of  their  three  children  is 
now  living, — James  K.,  a  resident  of  Jackson 
county,  Oregon. 

Mr.  Patton  lived  on  the  Russian  river  until 
the  spring  of  1862,  when  he  went  to  the  mines 
of  the  John  Day  region,  in  eastern  Oregon,  re- 
maining until  the  fall  of  1864,  his  mining 
operations,  however,  being  without  success.  It 
was  about  this  time  that  he  met  some  men 
from  the  Puget  Sound  district,  who  described 
this  country  in  glowing  terms,  so  he  decided  to 
leave  the  mines,  come  up  here  and  make  a  settle- 
ment. He  located  a  homestead  of  160  acres  be- 
tween the  present  sites  of  Alderton  and  McMillan, 
in  Pierce  county,  and  has  ever  since  resided  here. 
He  now  owns  146  acres  of  land,  of  which  ten 
acres  are  devoted  to  hop  culture,  in  which  busi- 
ness he  has  been  engaged  since  1880.  He  has 
an  acre  and  a  half  in  beri-ies,  and  four  in  a 
variety  of  other  fruits.     He  also  raises  hay  and 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


vegetables  and  lias  some  pasture  land.  A 
notable  item  of  Mr.  Patton's  crop,  however,  is 
tobacco,  because  there  is  prospect  of  a  good 
future  for  that  article  here.  He  began  the  rais- 
ing of  tobacco  ou  bis  place  as  far  back  as  1875, 
and  has  made  a  crop  of  it  every  year  since, 
sometimes  having  as  much  as  three  acres  in  to- 
bacco. This  product  he  has  sent  to  Portland, 
from  which  it  was  shipped  to  San  Francisco, 
where  it  commanded  a  good  price.  Besides 
•what  he  has  shipped  away,  he  uses  large  quanti- 
ties of  tobacco  in  his  cigar  manufactory  at  home, 
he  having  a  registered  factory.  He  has  made 
cigars  ever  since  he  began  raising  tobacco.  A 
fact  worthy  of  note  here  is  that  the  JSTorthern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  had  some  of  his  to- 
bacco in  its  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair. 

April  2,  1885,  Mr.  Patton  was  again  married, 
this  time  to  Mrs.  Sarah  June,  nee  Flinton. 
She  was  born  in  Canada,  and  came  to  Washing- 
ton the  year  previous  to  her  marriage  to  Mr. 
Patton. 

Mr.  Patton  has  always  affiliated  with  the 
Democratic  party.  Some  time  ago  he  held  the 
office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  a  period  of  five 
years,  and  in  the  fall  of  1892  closed  a  two  years' 
term  in  the  same  office.  He  was  School  Clerk 
of  his  district  a  number  of  years,  and  for  eight 
or  nine  years  was  Road  Supervisor.  The  wliole 
aspect  of  the  country  has  changed  since  he  lo- 
cated at  his  present  place  of  residence.  There 
is  no  one  now  living  nearer  than  Van  Ogle  who 
was  here  before  him.  Then  the  whole  Puyallup 
region  polled  about  thirty  votes.  There  was  no 
Tacoma  then,  and,  indeed,  only  four  stores  in 
the  county,  these  being  located  at  Steilacoom. 

D\R.   HAMILTON    ALLAN,   one    of    the 
I   representative  members  of    the  medical 
|iroi'ession  of  the  State  of  Washington,  is 

a  native  of  Ottawa,  Canada.  He  was  reared  in 
his  native  city,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years 
began  a  course  of  study  in  the  Ottawa  Collegiate 
Institute,  where  he  graduated  in  1865,  receiv- 
in:;  the  Brough  gold  medal  for  that  year.  He 
then  accepted  the  position  tendered  liim  as 
teacher  in  the  senior  grammar  school  of  Ottawa, 
and  was  thus  employed  until  1868,  when  he 
matriculated  at  McGill  Medical  College,  Mont- 
real. Here  he  remained  four  years,  as  required 
by  that  old-established  and  standard  institution, 


and  when  he  graduated,  in  the  class  of  1872, 
received  that  coveted  honor, — and  the  highest 
within  the  gift  of  the  college  faculty,— the 
Holmes  gold  medal. 

The  year  following  his  graduation  Dr.  Allan 
went  to  Wisconsin  and  located  at  Oconto,  where 
he  remained  in  practice  until  1886,  when,  in 
order  to  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  rapid  ad- 
vancement and  development  of  the  sciences  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  he  went  abroad  and  spent 
two  years  in  the  hospitals  of  London,  Edin- 
burg,  Dublin,  Paris  and  Berlin. 

Upon  his  return  to  America  Dr.  Allan  took 
up  his  abode  at  Tacoma,  with  which  city  he  has 
since  been  identified.  He  holds  the  position  of 
surgeon  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany, by  appointment  made  in  August,  1889. 
Although  Dr.  Allan's  residence  on  this  coast 
covers  a  period  of  only  a  few  years,  he  has  by 
his  skill  and  thorough  knowledge  established  an 
enviable  reputation  here. 

He  was  married  in  1875  to  Miss  Mary  Leigh. 
Their  only  child,  Leigh  Allan,  is  a  student  of 
the  Tacoma  high  school. 


T[  D.  GILLAM,  a  fanner  of  the  Puyallup 
i^  I  valley,  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of 
^^  his  vicinity.  He  was  born  near  Green- 
ville, Bond  county,  Illinois,  December  10, 1832. 
His  father,  T.  H.  Gillam,  was  a  native  of  the 
Emerald  Isle,  and  a  carpenter  atid  farmer  by 
occupation.  After  coming  to  this  country  he 
moved  about  from  place  to  place,  seeking  to 
better  his  condition,  and  the  year  after  the  birth 
of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  he  left  Greenville 
for  Berlin  City,  Jefferson  county,  Illinois.  He 
and  his  family  were  camped  ou  the  bank  of  the 
Sangamon  river,  in  Sangamon  county,  on  the 
night  of  the  great  meteoric  storm  of  1838.  In 
1840  he  went  to  Iowa,  where  he  lived  on  a  farm 
for  several  years.  There  J.  D.  Gillam  was  em- 
ployed in  farm  work  until  1852,  when  he  came 
West.  Arriving  in  Milwaukee,  Oregon,  he  spent 
the  winter  there,  and  in  the  spring  went  to 
Yreka,  California.  He  was  engaged  in  mining 
and  teaming  in  California  until  1862,  when  he 
went  to  Idaho,  where  the  following  fourteen 
years  he  gave  his  attention  to  mining  and  trad- 
ing. In  1876  Mr.  Gillam  caine  to  Washington 
and  purchased  si.xty-three  aci-es  of  land  in  the 
Puyallup     valley.     Here    he    settled     down   to 


niavoRT  OF   Washington: 


849 


farming,  giving  special  attention  to  hop  raising, 
and  in  this  industry  has  continued  up  to  the 
present  time. 

Mr.  Gillam  was  married  in  1872  to  Mrs. 
Letetia  (Flett)  Haiues,  daughter  of  John  Flett, 
one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  of  Washington.  Her 
father  was  identified  with  the  early  history  of 
the  Territory,  and  was  particularly  active  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1855  and  1856. 


rW.  BONNEY,  a  native  of  Washington, 
has  been  identified  with  the  fanning  in- 
— -  interests  of  Pierce  county  all  his  lite. 
His  father,  Sherwood  S.  Bonney,  was  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  Wasliington,  having  come 
across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  settled  here 
when  Washington  and  Oregon  were  one  Terri- 
tory. He  participated  in  all  of  the  Indian  wars 
of  this  part  of  the  country. 

F.  W.  Bonney  was  born  February  8,  1864, 
near  the  present  town  of  Sumner,  and  was 
reared  on  his  father's  farm.  He  has  been  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  stock-raising  ever  since 
he  was  old  enough  to  work,  with  the  exception 
of  the  time  when  he  was  away  at  school.  He 
attended  school  two  years  at  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, and  one  year  at  Monmouth,  Oregon.  He 
is  the  owner  of  100  acres  of  land,  the  greater 
part  of  which  is  used  for  grazing  purposes.  He 
also  gives  considerable  attention  to  the  raising 
of  small  fruit. 

December  17,  1884,  Mr.  Bonney  married 
Lucy  A.  Baker.  Their  family  is  composed  of 
three  sons  and  one  daughter.  Mrs.  Bonney,  a 
native  of  Indiana,  came  to  Washington  with  her 
father,  William  H.  Baker,  making  the  journey 
via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  he  being  one  of 
tile  pioneers  of  this  State. 


5C0TT  SWETLA:ND,  Receiver  in  the 
United  States  land  office  of  Vancouver, 
was  born  in  Cedar  county,  Iowa,  October 
4,  1859,  the  only  living  child  of  Charles  and 
Eliza  (Morgan)  Swetland,  the  former  a  native  of 
Vermont  and  the  latter  of  Virginia.  The  ma- 
ternal ancestry  dates  back  to  the  early  Colonial 
days  of  Virginia,  and  on  the  father's  side  the 
family   were    among  the    early  and    influential 


families  of  Vermont,  and  were  participants  in 
the  war  of  1812.  Charles  Swetland  removed  to 
Iowa  in  1842,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death,  in  1869.  The  mother  survived  him  until 
1890,  when  she,  too,  passed  away,  and  was  laid 
to  rest  at  EUensbnry,  Washington. 

Scott  Swetland,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
completed  his  education  in  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  engaged  in  the  photography 
business,  and  for  several  years  was  coimected 
with  the  well-known  studio  of  Dames.  He 
located  in  Vancouver,  Washington,  in  1880, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness for  a  time,  but  subsequently  became  con- 
nected with  steamboating  on  the  Columbia 
river.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Receiver  in 
the  United  States  land  office,  and  took  charge 
of  the  office  January  3,  of  that  year.  Mr.  Swet- 
land owns  a  prune  orchard  of  thirty  acres,  lo- 
cated four  miles  east  of  Vancouver,  and  is  a 
stockholder  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  this 
city. 

He  was  married  April  14,  1884.  In  his  po- 
litical relations,  Mr.  Swetland  affiliates  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  socially,  is  a  memlier  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


THOMAS  M.  GATCH,  President  of  the 
State  University  of  Washington,  was  born 
in  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  January  29, 
1833.  His  grandfather,  Philip  Oatch, 
was  born  near  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1751, 
removed  to  Ohio  in  1798,  joined  the  Ohio  Con- 
ference, and  continued  an  active  member  of  the 
same  until  1835.  He  was  the  first  native  Amer- 
ican to  enter  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  was  also  a  member  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  convention  which  framed 
the  first  constitution  of  Ohio.  General  Thomas 
Gatch,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  married  in 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Lucinda  McCormick,  a  native  of 
that  State,  and  a  granddaughter  of  Francis  Mc- 
Cormick, who  served  as  Chaplain  in  General 
Washington's  army  during  theRevolutionary  war 
and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Lord  Corn- 
wallis.  Mr.  McCormick  subsequently  settled 
in  Ohio,  became  an  active  member  in  the  Ohio 
Methodist  Conference,  and  took  a  prominent 
part  in  forming  the  history  of  the  young  State. 
General  Gatch  was  i\  farmer  by  occupation,  and 
his  title  was  acquired  from   the  State  militia. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINQTON. 


He  was  an  earnest  supporter  of  "Whig  politics,  a 
great  admirer  of  Henry  Clay  aid  protection, 
and  served  several  tei'ms  in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture. 

Thomas  M.,  the  subjfcct  of  this  sketch,  was 
educated  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University, 
of  Greencastle,  Indiana,  graduating  thereat  in 
1855,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  subse- 
quently received  tlie  degree  of  Fh.  D.  from 
JJefauw  University,  at  Greencastle,  Indiana. 
After  spending  a  few  months  at  the  Lane 
Theological  Seminary,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  he 
emigrated  to  California,  by  way  of  the  Panama 
route,  in  the  year  1856,  landing  at  San  Fran- 
cisco. Mr.  Gatch  then  proceeded  to  the  mines 
of  Tuolumne  county,  but  soon  decided  that 
mining  was  too  laborious,  for  him  and  that 
teaching  was  more  in  accordance  with  his  taste 
and  training,  and  he  accepted  the  profferred 
chair  of  mathematics  and  natural  science  at 
the  University  of  the  Facilic,  at  Santa  Clara. 
One  year  later  he  was  appoiiUed  Pi-incipal  of  the 
public  schools  at  Santa  Cruz  for  one  year,  was 
then  married,  resumed  his  old  position  at  Santa 
Clara  until  the  summer  of  1859,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Olympia.  Washington,  as  Frincipal  of 
the  Fuget  Sound  Wesleyan  Institute.  While 
there  JVIr.  Gatch  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
ancient  languages  and  moral  science  of  Will- 
amette University,  at  Salem,  Oregon,  entering 
upon. his  duties  in  the  autumn  of  1860;  in  the 
following  December  was  elected  President  of 
the  University,  but  resigned  his  position  in  Au- 
gust, 1865.  Tlie  following  year  was  spent  in 
California,  and  in  1866  he  came  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, as  Principal  of  the  Portland  Academy; 
from  1870  to  1880  was  President  of  the  Willa- 
mette University.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Education  from  its  first  organi- 
zation till  he  left  the  State.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Salem,  and  re-elected  in  1879. 
While  in  that  city  our  subject  was  elected  Pres- 
ident of  the  State  University  of  Oregon,  located 
at  Eugene,  which  he  declined,  but  subsequently 
accepted  the  Professorship  of  history  and  Eng- 
glish  literature  in  that  institution,  which  he 
taught  until  January,  1881.  Mr.  Gatch  was 
then  solicited  to  take  charge  as  Principal  of  the 
Wasco  Independent  Academy,  at  The  Dalles,  re- 
maining there  until  1886,  and  in  that  year  made 
a  trip  to  Europe,  visiting  England,  Scotland, 
Belgium,  Switzerland,  France  and  Germany, 
t pending  consideralile  time  amid  the  homes 
and  haunts  of  the  literary  men  and  poets  of  the 


north  of  England  and  Scotland.  Returning  to 
The  Dalles,  Mr.  Gatch  continued  his  instruction 
until  June,  1887,  when  he  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Territorial  University  of  Washing- 
ton. 

When  Prof.  Gatch  became  President,  the  pu- 
pils enrolled  numbered  168,  but  the  institution 
grew  in  strength  and  efficiency  until  during  the 
year  of  1890-'91  the  enrollment  numbered  318. 
In  1891  the  preparatory  department  was  abol- 
ithed,  although  they  continue  a  sub-freshman 
class,  and  the  university  is  now  recognized  as 
an  institution  of  high  order,  and  in  rank  with 
the  colleges  of  the  country. 

Prof.  Gatch  was  married  in  Santa  Cri  z,  in 
1858,  to  Miss  Orytha  Bennett,  a  daughter  of  S. 
F.  Bennett,  who  arrived  in  California  soon  after 
the  discovery  of  gold,  and  was  employed  at 
Slitter's  mill.  Our  subject  and  wife  have  had 
five  children,  three  now  living,  viz.:  Claud,  the 
present  Mayor  of  Salem,  Oregon;  Claire,  libra- 
rian and  teacher  in  art  in  the  State  University 
of  Washington;  and  Grace,  a  graduate  of  1893. 
Socially,  the  Professor  affiliates  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  has  served  as 
Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  and  Grand 
Patriarch  of  the  Grand  Encampment,  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  of  Oregon.  In  Masonry,  he  is  Secretary  of 
St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  9,  and  being  of  the 
thirty-second  degree  of  the  Scottish  Rite  of 
Freemasonry,  he  is  Secretary  of  Washington 
Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  1,  and  Washington 
Chapter,  No.  1,  Knights  of  Rose  Croix.  He  is 
also  Recorder  of  Washington  Preceptory,  No. 
1,  Knights  Kadosh,  and  Registrar  of  Lawson 
Consistory,  No.  1,  A.  &  A.  S.  R. 


FRANCIS  E.  MELOY,  County  Surveyor 
of  Lewis  county,  was  born  in  Multnomah 
--  county,  Oregon,  February  6,  1854,  a  son 
of  Nathan  H.  and  Mary  W.  (Goodell)  Meloy, 
natives  uf  Pennsylvania  and  Canada,  respect- 
ively. The  father  crossed  the  ]>lains  with  the 
tide  of  emigration  in  1851,  locating  in  Mult- 
nomah county,  Oregon,  where  he  died  in  1862. 
In  the  same  year  Mrs.  Meloy  came  with  her 
children  to  Lewis  county,  Washington,  where 
she  still  resides. 

Francis  E.  Meloy,  the  second  in  a  family  of 
six  children,  received  his  education  inthej)ublic 
schools,  and  was  early  inured  to  the  liardships 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  the  farm  life.  He  was  reared  in  the  family 
of  Henry  M.  Sterns,  a  prominent  farmer  and 
surveyor.  Througli  practical  experience  with 
that  gentleman,  Mr.  Meloy  gained  his  knowl- 
edge of  his  profession,  although  he  made  a 
theoretical  study  of  civil  engineering  a  specialty, 
but  theory  and  practical  experience  combined 
make  perfect.  He  has  followed  his  profession 
continuously  since  that  time,  with  the  exception 
of  a  brief  period  devoted  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits on  his  own  account.  This  venture,  how- 
ever, proved  unsuccessful  from  a  financial  stand- 
point, and  he  again  resumed  surveying.  Since 
188S  Mr.  Meloy  has  served  as  County  Surveyor 
of  Lewis  county. 

November  28,  1880,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Helen  M.  Fay,  a  native  of  Hli- 
iiois.  They  have  three  children:  Ernest  M., 
Millard  E.  and  Leona  F. 

In  political  matters,  Mr.  Meloy  is  an  active 
Republican,  and  is  now  a  member  of  tlie  City 
Council.  He  is  identified  with  the  Chehalis 
Title,  Abstract  &  Guaranty  ('ompany,  and  a 
stockholder  in  the  Washington  Mining  &  De- 
velopment Company,  which  was  organized  in 
1892.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  LOO.  F., 
Ridgely  Lodge,  No.  20,  and  holds  a  member- 
ship in  Wildy  Encampment,  No.  9.  He  has 
passed  all  the  official  chairs  in  the  subordinate 
lodge,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  State 
Grand  Lodge.  Mr.  Meloy  has  always  kept 
abreast  of  the  times,  and  is  ever  ready  to  aid 
and  encourage  public  enterprises,  especially 
those  which  have  for  their  object  the  progress 
and  development  of  the  city  and  county. 


ON.  J.  M.  PICKENS,  City  Justice  of 
Chehalis,  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Mis- 
41  souri,  August  26,  1851,  a  son  of  James 
A.  and  Hetten  (Jordan)  Pickens,  natives 
also  of  Missouri,  and  both  are  descendants  of  early 
and  influential  families  of  that  State.  The  pa- 
ternal family  removed  from  South  Carolina  to 
Missouri,  and  the  Jordans  were  also  a  well- 
known  family  of  the  South.  John  R.  Jordan, 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  participated  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  also  a  member  of  Daniel 
Boone's  company  during  the  famous  Black 
Hawk  Indian  war. 

J.  M.  Pickens,  his  parents' only  child,  lost  his 
father  by  death  in   1851,  and   the  mother  then 


removed  to  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  where  he  at- 
tended the  public  schools.  He  also  graduated 
at  the  Illinois  College  with  the  class  of  1870. 
Having  read  law  by  himself  for  two  years  dur- 
ing his  collegiate  course,  he  entered  the  law 
office  of  Cyrus  Epler,  now  Circuit  Judge  of 
Morgan  county.  His  studies  were  completed 
in  the  office  of  Epler  &  Callan,  eminent  practi- 
tioners of  Jacksonville,  and  was  duly  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1874.  Mr.  Pickens  practiced  law 
in  the  city  of  Jacksonville  until  1877,  and  then 
followed  his  profession  about  eleven  years  in 
southeastern  Missouri.  During  his  residence 
there  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Prosecuting 
Attorney  three  successive  terms,  of  two  years 
each.  He  then  took  up  a  pre-emption  claim  on 
McNeil  island,  but  since  March,  1889,  has  made 
his  home  in  Chehalis,  Washington,  where  he  is 
now  among  the  leading  attorneys. 

Judge  Pickens  was  married  in  Missouri, 
July  4,  1888,  to  Miss  Frances  J.  Farris,  a 
native  of  that  State.  They  have  four  children: 
Lucian  A.,  Helen  C,  Horace  Lee  and  Ray  Far- 
ris. One  son,  John  S.,  died  in  1893.  In  politi- 
cal matters  the  Judge  is  a  stanch  and  active 
Democrat.  He  was  elected  to  the  position  of 
Supreme  Judge  in  1892,  and  was  the  nominee 
for  the  same  office  at  the  fall  election,  but  met 
with  defeat.  Socially,  he  has  passed  the  official 
chairs  in  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  has  also  been  a 
delegate  to  the  Grand  Lodge. 


LlfEXRY  S.  ELLIOTT,  City  Attorney  of 
1.  Chehalis,  Lewis  county,  Washington,  was 
II  born  in  South  Carolina,  March  26, 1858, 
a  son  of  General  Stephen  and  Charlotte 
(Stewart)  Elliott,  natives  also  of  South  Caro- 
lina. The  father  served  with  distinction  in  the 
Confederate  army  during  the  war  of  the  Rebell- 
ion. He  departed  this  life  iu  1866,  and  the 
mother  survived  him  one  year. 

Henry  S.  Elliott,  the  second  in  a  family  of 
three  children,  was  reared  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia,  where  he  received 
his  education  under  private  tutors  until  prepared 
for  a  collegiate  course.  He  graduated  at  the 
Columbian  College  with  with  the  class  of  1877, 
and  his  professional  studies  were  completed  in 
1880.  In  that  year  Mr.  Elliott  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  South  Carolina.  Two 
years  later  he  removed  to  Johnson  county,  Wy- 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


oining,  and  in  1891  came  to  Cbelialis,  Lewis 
county,  Washington.  Wliile  a  resident  of 
Johngon  county,  in  18S9,  lie  was  a  member  of 
the  Wyoming  Constitutional  Convention,  and 
also  served  one  term  as  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  that  county.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in 
political  matters,  and  is  a  stanch  advocate  of 
Democracy.  Socially,  Mr.  Elliott  afKliates  with 
the  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  is  Past  Chiincellor  of  the 
K.  of  P. 

In  Wyoming,  in  1885,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Helen  Elkhart,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
They  have  three  children.  Henry,  Clarence  and 
John. 

IJAMES  E.  WOOD,  one  of  the  argonauts 
t'  J  of  California,  a  Washington  pioneer  of 
^^  1851,  and  a  resident  of  Olympia,  dates  his 
birth  in  Husteds,  Duchess  county.  New  York, 
in  1825.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Catherine 
(Babcock)  Wood,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State. 

Isaac  Wood  was  a  mechanic.  He  followed 
the  ti'ade  of  wheelright  at  Husteds,  but,  after 
removing  to  Springfield,  in  1826,  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  barrels,  and  also  learned  the 
business  of  brewing.  In  1841  he  moved  to 
Utica,  Michigan,  where  he  continued  as  a  coop- 
er until  1847,  and  whence  he  removed  to 
Southport,  Wisconsin. 

James  P.  remained  with  his  parents,  and 
assisted  his  father  in  the  shop  until  1847,  when 
he  was  married  at  Utica,  Michigan,  to  Miss 
Delia  Smith.  He  then  removed  to  Spring 
Prairie,  and  subsequently  to  Southport,  Wis- 
coBsin,  engaged  in  the  cooper  business  at  both 
places.  In  April,  1849,  he  and  his  father  started 
with  an  ox  team  for  California,  traveling  through 
Utah  and  Arizona,  and  entering  the  Golden 
State  by  the  southern  route.  From  Los  Angeles 
they  directed  their  course  to  San  Francisco, 
where  they  arrived  in  March,  1850.  Proceed- 
ing to  the  mines  on  the  American  river,  they 
worked  through  the  summer,  making  fair  wages, 
and  in  the  fall  the  senior  Mr.  Wood  returned  to 
Wisconsin.  The  following  spring,  accompanied 
by  his  two  sons,  John  and  lioUand,  he  crossed 
the  plains  to  Washington,  being  joined  at  Olym- 
pia by  James  R.  Near  the  corner  of  Fifth 
and  Columbus  streets  they  built  a  cooper  sliop, 
which  still  stands,  and  for  two  years  were  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  fish  barrels.   Then 


they- turned  their  attention  to  the  carpeiter's 
trade  and  worked  at  it  untill  1861,  when  James 
and  his  father  built  a  brewery  on  the  corner  of 
Fiftl)  and  Columbus  streets,  and  began  the 
manufacture  of  beer.  This  business  was  con- 
tinued by  the  subject  of  our  sketch  until  1881, 
when  he  rented  the  biewery.  Since  that  date 
he  has  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade. 

Having  lost  his  wife  in  Wisconsin,  in  1849, 
Mr.  Wood  was  married  at  Olympia,  in  1859,  to 
Maria  B.  Yantis,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  They 
have  two  children,  Oscar  I.  and  Francis  A. 

During  the  Indian  troubles  of  1855,  Mr. 
Wood  served  three  months  in  Company  B, 
under  Captain  Hayes,  and,  re-enlisting,  was  six 
months  in  Company  B,  Washington  Volun- 
teers, the  last  two  months  of  service  being  de- 
tailed as  Commissary  Sergeant.  He  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  early  organization  of  Olympia, 
having  served  as  City  Treasurer  and  as  Secretary 
of  Fire  Company  No.  1.  Of  late  years,  however, 
he  has  neither  sought  nor  desired  public  office. 


N^^ 


EORGE  S.  ARMSTRONG,  M.  D.,  Sec- 
retary of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  and 
a  practioner    of    Olympia,    Washington, 
■   was  born  in  Grey  county,  Ontario,  Canada, 
in  1858. 

His  father,  John  W.  Armstrong,  was  a  native 
of  Ireland,  received  a  classical  education  at  New 
Ross  and  Kilkenny,  and  immigrated  with  his 
parents  to  Ontario  in  the  early  settlement  of 
that  country.  He  subsequently  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  J.  Wilson,  a  native  of  county  Fer- 
managh, Ireland,  and  settled  in  Grey  county. 
In  1858  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Division 
Court,  succeeding  his  father,  who  had  served 
eleven  years,  and  Mr.  Armstrong  is  the  present 
incumbent  of  that  office,  after  thirty-seven 
years  of  continuous  service. 

George  S.  was  the  first-born  in  a  family  of 
twelve  children.  His  preliminary  education  was 
obtained  in  the  public  schools.  Then  he  en- 
tered the  Methodist  Collegiate  Institute  at  Dun- 
das,  Ontario,  and,  subsequently,  took  a  finishing 
course  at  the  Hamilton  Collegiate  Institute.  In 
1875  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  the 
Trinity  Medical  College,  at  Toronto,  and  gradu- 
ated in  the  University  of  Toronto,  in  1879,  witli 
the  degree  of  M.D.  He  commenced  practice  in 
one  o'f  the   country  villages  of    Ontario,  where 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  contimied  successfully  up  to  1883.  He  was 
then  employed  as  surgeon  of  the  Canadian  Paci- 
fic railroad  and  was  stationed  at  McKay's  harbor, 
on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  in  charge 
of  the  railroad  hospital,  the  duties  of  which 
office  he  discharged  until  January,  1886,  when 
he  went  to  Europe  to  take  the  British  examina- 
tion, in  view  of  accepting  a  professorship  at  the 
Toronto  University.  He  was  examined  and 
passed  the  L.  R.  C.  of  Physicians  in  London, 
the  L.  R.  C.  of  Physicians  and  of  the  Surgeons 
in  Edinburg,  and  the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  Glasgow.  On  returning  to  Ontario 
to  in  1877,  his  plans  were  changed  and  became 
the  United  States,  locating  at  Minneapolis,  Min- 
nesota, and  engaging  in  a  general  practice,  also 
accepting  a  professorship  on  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  the  Collegeof  Physicians  andg  Surgeons 
of  that  city. 

In  March,  1889,  Dr.  Armstrong  came  to 
Olympia,  where  he  has  since  continued  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  and  also  performs  special 
work  in  surgery  and  diseases  of  the  eye.  With 
the  establishing  of  the  State  Board  of  Health 
by  Governor  Ferry,  Dr.  Armstrong  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  that  Board,  and  by  the 
Board  was  elected  its  first  President.  Subse- 
quently, by  the  resignation  of  tlie  secretary,  he 
was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  is  still  the 
incumbent  of  that  office.  He  is  also  Vice- 
President  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State 
of  Washington.  He  is  Senior  Warden  of 
Olympia  Lodge,  No.  1,  F.  and  A.  M  ,  Surgeon 
for  the  Forester's  lodge.  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Pension  Examiners,  Surgeon  for  the  ISTorth- 
een  Pacific  and  Port  Townsend  and  Southern 
railroads,  and  Goroner  for  Thurston  county. 

Dr.  Armstrong  was  married  at  Belleville, 
Ontario,  in  1884,  to  Miss  Ina  Maud  Lazier,  a 
native  of  Ontario.  She  is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  the  Hugeiiots,  and  her  ancestors  have  long 
been  residents  of  Ontario. 

■^■'^i-'^ 

E'dWARD  T.  YOUNG,  president  of  the 
Olympia  Light  &  Power  Company,  Olyra- 
1  pia,  Washington,  was  born  in  Green- 
wich, England,  December  17,  1846.  In  1855 
his  parents  emigrated  to  the  Qnited  States,  but 
subsequently  settled  at  New  Castle,  Ontario, 
where  Edward  T.  secured  a  common-school  edu- 
cation.     After    which    he     attended    Friends 


Seminary  at  Pictou,  Prince  Edward  Island,  one 
year,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years  began 
self-s>ipport,  and  entered  upon  an  apprentice- 
ship of  several  years  to  the  trade  of  carpenter 
and  joiner  and  general  builder. 

In  1863  he  came  west  to  California,  where  he 
followed  his  trade  until  1869.  That  year  he 
njoved  to  Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  and 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building,  which  he 
continued  until  1872.  Then  he  weuttoTacoma 
and  built  several  residences  in  old  town,  and  the 
first  house  erected  in  new  town  was  under  his 
superintendency.  He  also  helped  raise  the  bell 
upon  the  old  stump  in  old  town,  this  being  the 
first  church  bell  in  Pierce  county.  Returning 
to  Olympia  in  the  spring  of  1873,  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  John  Brown  and  estab- 
lished the  New-  England  bakery  and  restaurant, 
which  they  conducted  until  February,  1874, 
when  it  became  necessary,  owing  to  their  large 
trade,  to  have  increased  facilities,  and  they 
rented  the  old  Tacoma  hotel,  on  the  corner  of 
Second  and  Main  streets,  and  conducted  a  gen- 
ei-al  hotel  business  up  to  1876.  At  that  time 
the  firm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Young  continued  to 
operate  the  house  alone.  In  1878  he  purchased 
the  property,  made  the  necessary  improvements, 
changed  the  name  to  Young's  Hotel,  and  re- 
mained as  its  genial  host  until  1882,  when  he 
leased  the  property. 

Mr.  Young  then  made  an  extended  trip 
through  the  eastern  States  and  Canada,  return- 
ing via  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
where  he  had  particular  business  with  the 
Government,  in  securing  the  order  of  opening 
to  settlement  a  strip  of  land,  fifteen  miles  wide 
and  sixty  miles  long,  across  the  entire  reserva- 
of  Chief  Moses.  His  efforts  were  also  instru- 
mental in  opening  the  entire  reservation  to  the 
public.  This  led  to  the  creation  of  Okanogan 
county  from  Stevens  county,  of  which  it  was 
formerly  a  part.  The  incentive  which  led  Mr. 
Young  to  engage  in  this  work  was  the  valuable 
silver  quartz  mines  in  which  he  and  others  had 
been  interested  before  the  reservation  was  lo- 
cated. Mr.  Tonng  is  president  of  the  Eagle 
Mining  Company  at  Mount  Chopaaca,  and 
the  Smilkimeen  mining  district  in  Okanogan 
county. 

Returning  to  Olympia  in  February,  1884,  he 
resumed  his  hotel  interests,  the  management  of 
which  he  has  continued  to  the  present  time, 
though  lately  his  hotel  has  been  conducted  upon 
the  European  plan.    In  1890  Mr.  Young  bought 


nisTour  OF  w ash i not 


the  Middle  Falls  at  Tuinwater  from  the 
of  Mr.  Crosby,  the  original  proprietor,  and 
organized  the  Capital  Electric  Light  Company, 
which,  later,  was  incorporated  as  the  Olyuipia 
Light  &  Power  Company.  He  then  contracted 
with  the  Edison  Electric  Company  for  tlie  in- 
stallment of  a  central  station  at  Olympia,  and 
thus  established  the  first  lighting  station  ever 
operated  by  electric  motor.  In  July,  1891, 
they  consolidated  with  the  Olympic  Gas  &  Elec- 
tric Light  Company,  retaining  the  old  name, 
and  Mr.  Young  was  elected  president,  to  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  devotes  a  large  amount 
of  time. 

He  was  married  in  Olympia,  in  1876,  to  Miss 
Josephine,  daughter  of  Isaac  Dofflemyer,  a  pio- 
neer of  1849.  They  have  had  seven  children: 
Edna  Mabel  (deceased),  Edward  A.,  Volney  C. 
F.,  William  C,  Eugene  S.,  Edith  V.  and  Don- 
ald McTavish. 

Mr.  Young  is  Past  Grand  of  Encampment 
No.  1,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Past  Chief  Patriarch  and 
Past  Grand  Rejiresentative.  He  has  been 
largely  engaged  in  real-estate  dealings,  and  re- 
sides in  Yonng's  addition  on  the  west  side, 
where  he  has  extensive  interests.  He  has  served 
ten  years  as  Mayor  and  member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Olympia,  and  in  1887  w'as  appointed 
Requisition  Agent  of  the  Territory  of  Wash- 
ington by  Eugene  Seniple,  Territorial  Gover- 
nor. Mr.  Young  is  one  of  the  broad-minded 
men  of  Olympia,  thoroughly  enlisted  in  the  de- 
velopment of  his  adopted  city,  and  ever  ready 
with  financial  support  to  stimulate  her  grow- 
ing institutions. 


IfSAAC  W.  ANDERSON,  manager  of  the 
Tacoma  Land  Company,  one  of  the  princi- 
-i  pal  promoters  of  the  interests  of  Tacoma, 
and  a  representative  citizen  of  the  State  of 
Washington,  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
Pennsylvania,  February  17,  1856.  His  parents 
were  Dr.  Isaac  W.  and  Martha  Y.  (Crawford) 
Anderson.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in 
the  East  and  came  to  Washington  in  Septem- 
ber, 1877,  taking  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of 
the  General  Superintendent  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad.  He  subsequently  engaged  in 
steamboating  on  the  Sound  for  one  year,  after 
which  he  devoted  his  attention  to  the  develop- 
ment and   operation  of  lime  kilns  in  the  Puy- 


allup  valley.  In  1882  he  assumed  the  man- 
agement of  the  Tacoma  Land  Company,  and 
has  since  that  time  directed  the  extensive  oper- 
ations of  that  corporation. 

Mr.  Anderson  has  figured  as  one  of  the 
principal  promoters  and  founders  of  all  the 
manufacturing  institutions  and  other  industries 
which  have  made  the  Tacoma  of  to-day  possible, 
and  of  her  large  financial  institutions  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Fidelity  Trust  Com- 
pany and  of  the  Tacoma  National  Bank,  he 
being  a  director  of  the  latter.  He  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  1889  and 
1890.  Much  could  be  said  of  Mr.  Anderson's 
connection  with  the  growth  of  Tacoma;  less 
could  not  be  said,  in  justice  to  history.  His 
impress  on  the  annals  of  the  city  is  indelibly 
made. 


Dm.  T.   H.  MERRILL,  prominent  among 
I    the  representatives   of  the   medical  pro- 
'    fession,  who  have  associated  themselves 

with  the  fortunes  of  Tacoma,  Washington,  is  a 
native    of    New    England,   born    in    Harmony, 


Maine,    January   8,    1841. 


parents  were 


James  and  Sophronia  (Hurd)  Merrill,  the  latter 
of  whom  died  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  but  ten  years  of  age.  Two  years  later  the 
family  removed  to  Pittstield,  Maine,  where  the 
early  life  of  young  Merrill  was  passed,  his  edu- 
cation being  begun  in  the  common  schools  and 
continued  in  the  high  school  of  that  city.  He 
later  attended  the  Bloomfield  Academy,  and, 
when  seventeen  years  of  age  began  to  teach, 
but  subsequently  relinquished  this  occupation 
to  resume  the  jprosecution  of  his  own  studies. 
This  time  he  entered  the  State  Seminary  of 
Maine,  now  Bates  College,  at  which  he  re- 
mained two  years  and  a  half.  At  the  end  of 
this  time  he  was  offered  the  position  of  Princi- 
pal of  the  Parkraan  (Maine)  Institute,  which 
he  accepted,  and  efficiently  discharged  the 
duties  incumbent  on  him  for  one  year. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  he  had,  after 
much  consideration,  decided  to  adopt  medicine 
as  a  profession,  and  consequently  resigned  his 
position  as  Principal  to  begin  his  new  studies 
under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Manson,  of 
Pittsfield,  Maine.  When  sufficiently  advanced 
in  his  reading  he  began  to  attend  lectures  at 
the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine,  in  Louisville, 


niSTOSY    OP     WASHINGTON. 


and  on  completion  of  liis  studies  at  that  insti- 
tution entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  the  Blue  Grass  State. 

His  favorite  occupation  was  interrupted  by 
the  exigencies  of  the  war,  which  respects 
neither  inclinations  nor  the  persons  who  enter- 
tain tliem.  During  the  years  1863-'64  Dr. 
Merrill  was  Private  Secretary  to  the  Quarter- 
master in  charge  of  the  Union  troops  at  Bowl- 
ing Green  and  Munfordvilie,  Kentucky.  Later, 
however,  he  returned  to  his  native  State  of 
Maine  and  entered  into  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Penoliscot  county.  He  was  here  chosen 
as  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  in 
which  he  took  orreat  interest,  and  was  also  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  of  the  State  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  Quorum.  He  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  District  Bepublican  Convention. 
Some  time  afterward,  he  determined  to  further 
pursue  his  studies,  with  a  view  to  fan:iliarizing 
himself  with  the  latest  advancements  in  the 
science  of  medicine,  and  accordingly  went  to 
New  York  city,  where  he  entered  Bellevue 
College,  at  which  he  graduated  in  1872.  Fre- 
quently since  then  he  has  visited  this  celebrated 
institution  of  learning,  to  there  review  the 
rapid  advancement  of  this  science. 

On  leaving  Bellevue  College,  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  medicine  at  Foxcroft,  Maine, 
where  the  calls  on  his  profession  extended  his 
labors  over  a  large  field  of  constantly  increas- 
ing patronage.  After  seventeen  years  of  con- 
stant devotion  to  his  practice  here,  he  came,  in 
1889,  to  Washington,  then  a  Territory,  his 
main  object  being  to  obtain  needed  rest  and 
incidentally  to  establish  his  son,  F.  G.  Merrill, 
in  the  profession  of  law  at  Tacoma.  He  had 
fully  intended  to  rest  from  labor  for  a  year,  but 
his  naturally  energetic  and  ambitious  disposi- 
tion soon  rebelled  against  this  prolonged  period 
of  retirement  from  active  pursuits,  and  accord- 
ingly, in  October,  1889,  he  began  medical 
practice  in  Tacoma.  Attracted  by  the  charms 
of  the  city  and  country,  and  encouraged  by  his 
renewed  health  and  the  results  of  his  labors,  he 
has  uninterruptedly  continued  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  ever  since.  His  extensive 
experience  and  careful  preparation  in  his 
chosen  calling  has  naturally  gained  for  him 
front  rank  in  his  profession,  as  is  well  attested 
by  the  fact  that  he  has  just  been  appointed 
Professor  of  the  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery  in  the  Tacoma  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,    where    a  full    course  of  medical  in- 


struction is  given.  Always  interested  in  the 
advancement  of  the  welfare  of  his  fellow  men, 
the  Doctor  has  become  closely  identified  with 
the  best  movements  of  his  chosen  city,  and  has 
contributed  by  his  knowledge  and  energy  to 
place  her  among  the  first  in  the  Northwest. 

In  1863  Dr.  Merrill  was  married  to  Miss 
Susan  C.  Walker,  a  worthy  lady,  a  native  of 
Abbot,  Maine,  and  they  have  five  children. 

Fraternally,  the  Doctor  belongs  to  the  Ta- 
coma Lodge,  No.  22,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  to  the 
chapter  of  the  same  order. 

Essentially  a  self-made  man,  having  pushed 
his  way  unaided  through  college  and  to  success 
in  his  profession,  he  possesses  all  the  attributes 
necessary  for  the  unbuilding  of  cities  and  com- 
monwealths, and  has  evinced  his  ability  in  this 
line  by  his  services  in  Tacoma,  Washington. 


THOMAS  OLIVER,  one  of  the  substantial 
citizens  of  Cowlitz  county,  Washington, 
was  born  near  the  St.  John's  river,  in 
New  Brunswick,  September  1,  1848,  his 
parents  being  John  and  Elizabeth  (McCorcon- 
dale)  Oliver,  both  of  whom  were  of  Scotch 
origin,  the  mother  having  been  a  native  of 
Glasgow.  Thomas  was  the  sixth  born  in  their 
family  of  thirteen  children.  He  spent  his  boy- 
hood days  in  the  vicinity  of  his  birthplace,  be- 
ing employed  at  logging  and  in  similar  occupa- 
tions. When  he  w-as  eighteen  years  old  he 
went  to  Princeton,  Maine,  and  in  1866  came  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  locating  in  California.  He 
remained  one  month  in  Solano  county,  then 
went  to  Mendocino  county,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  lumbering  until  January,  1870,  and 
from  there  he  came  north.  On  the  3d  of  the 
following  February  he  arrived  in  Cowlitz 
county,  Washington.  Two  weeks  later  he 
went  to  Columbia  county,  Oregon,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1874.  In  June  of  that  year  he 
went  to  San  Francisco,  from  whence  he  re- 
turned to  his  childhood  home  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  a  visit.  In  October  he  came  back  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  this  time  proceeding  to  Hum- 
boldt county,  California,  where  he  remained 
something  like  a  year.  Eventually,  he  came 
again  to  Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  arriving 
December  7,  1876.  Here  he  now  has  a  fine 
farm  on  the  Lewis  river,  lying  about  two  miles 
northeast  of  Woodland,  comprising  in  all  about 


856 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINQTOJ^. 


100  acres  of  land,  of  which  seventy  acres  are 
under  cultivation.  He  has  twenty  acres  in 
hops,  and  has  done  mnch  for  the  development 
of  that  industry  in  this  county.  On  a  hillside 
slope  of  his  ranch  he  has  five  acres  in  winter 
apples,  besides  a  family  orchard,  containing  a 
general  variety  of  fruit  trees. 

Mr.  Oliver  was  married  May  22,  1875,  to 
Miss  Harriet  W.  Tinnins,  of  New  Brunswick,  a 
cultured  and  intelligent  lady,  who  has  been  of 
great  assistance  to  him  in  his  successful  career. 
They  have  five  children,  Inez,  Judson,  Lewis, 
"Walter  and  Pearl. 

Mr.  Oliver  is  a  raemljer  of  the  Masonic  or- 
der, having  affiliated  therewith  in  Maine.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Republican.  He  takes  a  com- 
mendable interest  in  the  advancement  of  educa- 
tion, and  has  served  two  terms  as  Director  of 
district  No.  28. 


Tfjf  ON.  D.  W.  PIERCE  has  been  a  conspic- 
ItmI    nous  figure    both  in  the  commerce  and 
I     t    politics  of  Klickitat  county  since  1850, 
•^  and  it  is  with  much  pleasure  that  some 

recognition  of  his  worth  is  made  in  this  connec- 
tion. The  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  D.  "VV. 
Pierce  c<c  Son,  he  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in 
pushing  the  lumber  resources  of  the  State  to  the 
front,  and  has  established  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant industries  of  the  county.  The  present 
firm  succeeded  Pierce's  Mill  Company  in  1888. 
They  own  1,600  acres  of  pine  timber  land  in 
Klickitat  county,  the  manufactured  pi-oduct  of 
which  compares  favorably  with  the  hard  pine  of 
the  East.  They  have  erected  a  mill  on  this 
tract,  twelve  and  a  half  miles  from  Goldendale, 
and  their  finished  lumber  finds  a  ready  market 
over  a  wide  section  of  country.  Pierce  Brothers 
&  Company,  a  related  business  firm,  own  and 
operate  an  extensive  plant  for  the  manufacture 
of  sash,  doors,  blinds  and  tine  interior  house-fin- 
ishings. They  have  a  large  local  patronage,  and 
have  supplied  the  finishing  material  for  many  of 
the  best  houses  in  The  Dalles,  Oregon.  This 
establishment  is  fitted  up  with  the  most  ap- 
proved machinery  in  every  department.  The 
iwo  firms  mentioned  employ  from  twenty-five 
to  thirty  men  directly,  while  many  others  gain 
their  livelihood  in  furnishing  raw  material  for 
manufacture. 

D.  W.  Pierce  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont, born  in  the  town  of  Danville,  Caledonia 


county,  August  31,  1835,  a  son  of  Daniel  and 
Lucy  (Edson)  Pierce.  Daniel  Pierce  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Derby,  Vermont,  his  parents  be- 
ing natives  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  and  members  of  old  and  influential 
families  of  New  England.  Lucy  Edson  was 
born  in  Randolph,  Vermont,  her  father  being  a 
native  of  the  same  town,  and  a  descendant  of 
honorable  ancestors.  The  family  removed  to 
Derby,  Orleans  county,  Vermont,  when  our  sub- 
ject was  a  mere  lad,  and  there  he  received  his 
education.  He  learned  the  cabinet-maker's 
trade  with  his  father,  and  after  a  few  years  be- 
came a  carpenter  and  contractor.  In  1856,  he 
left  his  old  New  England  home  and  went  to 
Waterloo,  Jefferson  county,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  remained  one  year.  In  the  spring  of  1857 
he  went  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and  there  cast 
his  first  vote  for  the  Topeka  constitution. 
Leaving  Kansas,  his  next  abiding  place  was  in 
Richardson  county,  Nebraska,  where  he  resided 
near  the  town  of  Salem  for  seven  years.  The 
twelve  years  following  this  period  were  spent  in 
Pennsylvania,  at  Renova,  Clinton  county;  there 
he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
way Company,  and  was  also  extensively  en- 
gaged in  contracting  and  building.  Going 
from  this  place  to  Philadelpiiia  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  John  B.  Given,  and  conducted 
a  lumber  commission  business  at  218^  Walnut 
street,  until  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

After  his  arrival  here  he  spent  a  few  months 
in  the  Williamette  valley,  and  then  located  at 
Goldendale,  Klickitat  county,  Washington. 
During  the  first  two  years  of  his  residence  here 
he  was  engaged  in  building,  and  then  entered 
into  partnership  with  his  brother,  Edgar,  this 
firm  being  succeeded  by  that  of  D.  W.  Pierce 
&  Son.  Later  on  Mr.  Pierce  became  interested 
with  his  brother,  Charles  L.,  in  the  plauing- 
mill  and  manufacturing  business,  the  firm  name 
being  Pierce  Brothers  &  Company. 

Mr.  Pierce  was  married  in  the  town  of 
Derby,  Vermont,  April  14,  1856,  lo  Miss  Be- 
linda Laythe,  of  Salem,  Vermont.  Mrs.  Pierce 
is  the  daughter  of  Orrin  and  Thankful  (Elliott) 
Laythe,  descendants  of  Vermont  pioneers.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Pierce  are  the  parents  of  six  living 
children:  Ella  D.,  wife  of  Carlton  Roe  of  San 
Francisco;  Daniel  William;  Lizzie  B.,  wife  of 
C.  C.  Alvord  of  Goldendale;  George  E.,  Edson 
E.  and  Ruth  M. 

Since  the  organization  of  tlie  Republican 
party,    Mr.  Pierce    has  given    that    body    his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


857 


allegiance.  He  has  taken  time  from  his  private 
business  affairs  to  attend  the  Territorial  and 
State  conventions  as  a  delegate  from  the  Repub- 
lican parly.  In  1890  he  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  State  Senator,  and  failed  of  elec- 
tion l)y  only  four  votes.  In  in  1892  he  was  on 
the  ticket  for  Representative  from  Klickitat 
county,  and  was  successful  in  the  race.  He 
served  in  the  ensuing  session  as  chairman  of 
the  committees  on  revenue  and  taxation,  loads 
and  highways,  labor  and  labor  statistics  and  the 
Agricultural  College.  He  was  on  the  special 
committee  to  visit  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Ort- 
ing.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Goldendale  lodge, 
No.  31,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  of  Baker  Post  No. 
20,  G.  A.  R.,  department  of  AVashington  and 
Alaska.  He  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the 
Union  in  1863,  joining  Cotnpany  L,  Second 
Nebraska  Cavalry.  He  was  in  the  Northwest 
in  General  Sully's  expedition  against  the  Sioux 
Indians,  and  at  the  close  of  the  campaign  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Palls  City,  Richardson 
county,  Nebraska. 

As  is  suggested  by  this  outline  of  Mr. 
Pierce's  career,  he  is  a  man  of  great  energy  and 
force  of  character,  possessing  much  more  than 
ordinary  executive  ability.  And  to  men  of  this 
type  is  due  the  credit  of  the  development  of  the 
great  State  of  Washington. 

GONRAD  AUER  is  a  native  of  Switzer- 
land, and  was  born  in  canton  Schaffhau- 
sen,  town  of  Unterhallen,  on  May  30, 
1842.  His  parents  were  Adam  and  Marguerite 
(Rupli)  Auer;  tlie  former  a  carpenter  and  con- 
tractor by  trade.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  reared  in  his  native  place,  and  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  later  at 
the  high  school,  completing  his  education  at  the 
age  of  seventeen.  Meantime  he  had  learned 
the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  father.  He  then 
traveled  for  some  years  in  Switzerland,  France, 
Germany  and  all  over  that  portion  of  Europe. 
He  spent  the  last  half  year  at  Bremen,  and 
sailed  from  there  in  18(55  and  landed  in  New 
York,  after  a  voyaj-e  of  forty-five  days  in  a  sail- 
ing vessel.  He  located  in  Washington  city, 
and  remained  there  for  two  years.  He  was 
married  there  and  then  went  to  Wiscon- 
sin and  located  at  Alma,  Buffalo  county, 
where    he      lived     for    four     years,     working 


at  his  trade  in  partnership  with  his  brother, 
George  Auer,  who  still  lives  there.  It  was  here 
that  his  wife  died,  and  after  a  trip  to  Washing- 
ton city  to  see  her  relatives,  he  went  from  there 
to  San  Francisco,  where  he  remained  only  a  few 
months  and  went  to  Portland,  Oregon.  He 
worked  there  for  two  years  for  a  Mr.  Torkelson, 
and  then  came  to  Washington  and  located  on  a 
homestead  about  four  miles  from  La  Center,  in 
Clarke  county.  It  was  in  the  woods,  and  he  had 
to  cut  away  the  trees  before  he  could  build  his 
house.  He  lived  there  six  years  and  then  sold 
the  property  and  removed  to  his  present  loca- 
tion, two  miles  from  La  Center,  where  he  has 
ninety-five  acres,  of  which  about  thirty  acres  are 
cleared.  Mr.  Auer  began  planting  prunes  from 
stock  which  he  bought  in  Vancouver,  and  now 
has  fitteen  acres  in  mostly  Italian  prunes.  In 
1886  he  put  in  a  distillery  and  began  making 
brandy  from  prunes,  and  it  may  be  said  that  he 
was  the  first  one  in  Clarke  county  to  embark  in 
that  business. 

Mr.  Auer  was  first  married  in  Wasliingtoii 
city,  in  June,  1869,  to  Miss  Louisa  Zimmerman, 
a  native  of  Switzerland.  She  died  in  1871, 
leaving  one  ciiild,  Alfred,  who  also  died  when 
three  months  old.  He  was  married  in  1872,  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  to  his  present  wife,  who  was  a 
Miss  Annie  Barbara  Wencker,  a  native  of  the 
same  town  in  Switzerland  in  which  Mr.  Auer  was 
born.  They  have  had  seven  children,  of  whom 
six  are  now  living,  viz.:  Delia,  Alma,  Margue- 
rite, who  died  at  the  age  of  twelve,  Myrtle, 
George  A.,  Marisca  and  Ollie. 

Mr.  Auer  is  an  esteemed  and  honored  citizen 
of  Clarke  county,  and  has  held  the  office  of 
School  Director  for  five  years,  and  also  Road 
Supervisor. 

SA.MUEL  F.  STREET  was  born  in  Gallipo- 
lis,  Ohio,  June  21,  1844.  His  parents 
were  Jacob  and  Rebecca'  (Cherington) 
Street;  the  former  was  a  native  of  England,  and 
was  one  of  Ohio's  earliest  settlers.  Samuel  F. 
was  reared  in  his  native  place  until  he  had 
reached  the  age  of  sixteen,  receiving  his  educa- 
tion at  the  common  schools  of  Gallia  county. 
In  1860  he  removed  to  Keokuk  county,  Iowa, 
where  he  attended  school  for  two  years.  In 
July,  1862,  he  enlisted  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  in 
the  Thirty-third  Iowa  Infantry,  and  was  at- 
tached to  Company  F.    He  served  for  three  years 


HISTORY    OP    WASHINGTON. 


during  which  time  he  was  in  some  of  the  most 
distinctive  engagements  of  the  war,  and  was  sent 
on  tlie  most  hazardoiis  expeditions.  lie  entered 
service  as  a  private,  and  was  mustered  out  with 
the  rank  of  Orderly  Sergeant.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  Iowa  and  entered  the  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant college,  after  which  he  taught  school  in 
Keokuk  and  Blackhawk  counties.  In  1868  he 
removed  to  Pontiac,  Michigan,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  book  and  stationery  business,  which 
he  conducted  until  1885,  when  he  went  to  Kan- 
sas, but  remaining  only  one  year,  came  to  Seat- 
tle, where  he  arrived  on  Christmas  day  in  1887. 
On  his  arrival  at  Seattle  he  secured  the  position 
of  manager  for  Griffith  Diivies,  a  book  and  sta- 
tionery dealer,  and  remained  with  him  until  the 
great  tire  burned  out  the  store  and  business. 
He  tlien  went  into  business  for  himself,  but 
sold  it  in  1892,  and  accepted  his  present  po- 
sition. 

Mr.  Street  was  married  in  November,  1868, 
to  Miss  Maria  0.  Bristol,  of  Michigan,  who  died 
in  1873,  leaving  one  child,  Homer  B.  He  was 
again  married  in  November,  1875,  to  Miss 
Maude  S.  McAlpine,  of  Canada.  They  have  six- 
children,  viz.:  GuyM.,  Bessie  M.,  Florence  M., 
Alice   M.,  Samuel  F.,and  Winifred  M. 

Mr.  Street  is  a  member  of  St.  John's  lodge, 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  Seattle;  also  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Bridge  City  Lodge,  No.  69, 
Michigan.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Ste- 
vens' Post  No.  1,  G.  A.  R.  since  1888,  and  has 
been  twice  its  Commander.  He  has  been  a  use- 
ful and  prominent  citizen  in  whatever  commu- 
nity he  has  resided,  having  been  a  member  of 
various  city  councils  in  Michigan  and  Kansas, 
and  was  City  Clerk  in  Iowa  when  only  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  His  management  of  the 
Washington  Soldiers'  Home,  at  Orting,  has  been 
such  as  to  make  it  one  of  the  model  institutions 
of  its  kind. 


[1  DDISON  A.  LINDSLEY,  a  prominent 
l\  citizen  of  Olympia,  Washington,  dates  his 
^  birth  at  Waukesha,  Wisconsin,  Decem- 
ber 16,  1848. 
His  father.  Rev.  Aaron  L.  Lindsley,  D.  D., 
L.  L.  D.,  was  a  native  of  Troy,  New  York,  de- 
scended from  English  ancestry  that  emigrated 
to  the  New  World  about  1620,  to  escape  relig- 
ious persecution.     The  family   subsequently  lo- 


cated at  Morriston,  New  Jersey,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  After- 
ward they  removed  to  Milton,  New  York,  and 
followed  milling  and  agricultural  pursuits.  The 
mother  of  our  subject,  Julia  (West)  Lindsley, 
was  also  of  English  ancestry,  but  of  later  emi- 
gration. Her  family  settled  in  New  Y'ork  city, 
where  they  were  engaged  in  newspaper  publica- 
tion. Aaron  L.  Lindsley  was  educated  for  the 
ministry  in  New  Y'ork  State,  a  id  after  his  mar- 
riage in  1846,  went  to  the  Wisconsin  frontier  as 
a  missionary  of  the  Presbyterian  Board.  While 
there  he  performed  very  laborious  service,  lay- 
ing foundations  for  educational  and  religious 
institutions.  In  1852  he  returned  to  New 
Y'ork  and  accepted  an  important  pastorate  at 
South  Salem,  Westchester  county,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1868.  That  year  he  removed  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  as  pastor-elect  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church;  and  during  his  pastorate 
of  nearly  twenty  years  he  founded  many  churches 
in  the  Northwest,  and  inaugurated  evangelical 
missions  in  Alaska.  In  1886  he  removed  to 
San  Francisco,  where  he  accepted  a  position  as 
Professor  of  Practical  Theology  in  the  Pi'esby- 
terian  Seminary.  His  death  in  1891  was  the 
result  of  an  accident  while  driving.  His  wife 
and  seven  children  survive  him. 

Addison  A.  Lindsley  received  his  preparatory 
education  in  private  schools  in  the  East.  In 
1868  he  came  to  Portland  with  his  father,  mak- 
ing the  trip  from  Laramie  City,  Nebraska,  by 
the  overland  stage  line  to  California,  thence  by 
rail  and  stage  to  Portland.  He  continued  his 
studies  under  a  private  tutor  until  1869,  when 
he  entered  the  senior  class  at  the  Pacific  Uni- 
versity, and  graduated  in  1870.  He  was  then 
employed  by  the  Noithern  Pacitic  Railroad  Com- 
pany, in  preliminary  surveys  l)etween  Portland 
and  Olympia;  in  1871  was  through  eastern 
Washington  and  Idaho,  continuing  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  company  until  1873,  when  the  road 
to  Tacoma  was  completed.  He  next  engaged  in 
Government  surveys.  In  1874  he  went  to  San 
Fi'ancisco,  accepted  a  clerkship  in  a  large  estab- 
lishment, and  was  connected  with  it  until  1877, 
when  he  engaged  in  business  as  importer  and 
dealer  in  foreign  and  domestic  coal.  In  the  fall 
of  1879  he  was  elected  Surveyor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco county  and  city,  and  tilled  the  office  two 
years.  In  January,  1882,  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton and  located  in  Clarke  county,  and,  with  his 
brother,  George  L.,  purchased  1,500  acres  of 
laud  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lewis  river,  engaging 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


in  the  stock  and  dairy  business.  They  put  up 
the  first  steam  dairy  machinery  in  Clarke  coun- 
ty, their  dairy  numbering  an  average  of  eiglitv- 
five  cows. 

In  1884  Mr.  Lindsley  was  elected  to  the  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature,  and  in  1880  to  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  which  convened  at  Olympia 
July  4,  and  continued  in  session  forty-nine 
days.  After  the  first  State  election,  held  Oc- 
tober 1,  1889,  he  was  elected  Treasurer  of  the 
new  State.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State  Fish 
Commission,  Mining  Burtau,  and  by  virtue  of 
his  office,  by  special  act  of  the  Legislature,  is 
Fiscal  Aeeut  of  the  State. 


B.   SPEJMCEPt,  one  of  the  enterprising 
If/     yo""g  business  men  of  Seattle,  Wash- 
^     ington,    was    born    in    Boone    county, 
Iowa,  in  1856. 

William  A.  Spencer,  his  father,  was  a  native 
of  Kingston,  Ontario,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  went  to  Ohio  to  join  his  uncle,  with 
whom  he  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker. 
He  was  married  in  Dtica,  Ohio,  to  Miss  Anna 
C.  Burriss,  and  about  1855  removed  to  Iowa. 
On  account  of  the  Indian  depredations  on  the 
frontier,  he  returned  to  Ohio  in  1857,  and  there 
followed  his  trade  for  ten  years.  In  1867,  he 
settled  in  Missouri,  where  he  followed  agricul- 
tural pursuits  until  1882.  That  year  he  went 
to  southern  California,  and  located  near  Los 
Angeles,  at  which  point  he  and  his  sons  own 
about  1,000  acres  of  land  and  are  engaged  in 
fruit,  nut  and  grain  farming. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  I'eceiv- 
ing  only  limited  educational  advantages.  In 
1871  he  went  to  his  father's  old  home  in  On- 
tario, and  tlure  learned  the  trade  of  machinist 
and  also  the  science  of  telegraphy.  In  1875, 
returning  to  his  parents  in  Missouri,  he  was 
employed  as  telegraph  operator  at  stations  on 
the  line  of  th.e  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, acting  as  relief  to  agents  at  various  points 
along  the  line.  In  1878  he  was  employed  by 
the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company,  as  operator 
and  dispatcher  at  Topeka,  Emporia,  Newton, 
Canon  City  and  Alamosa,  at  the  last  named 
place  filling  the  important  position  of  station 
agent,  employing  about  thirty  hands.  In  1880 
he  went  to  Gunnieon,  Colorado,  and  engaged  in   | 


the  book  and  stationery  business,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster.  While  there  he  was  in- 
strumental in  connecting  Gunnison  with  the 
mountain  towns  by  the  telephone  system. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Spencer  came  to  Seattle  and 
purchased  a  farm  of  160  acres  on  the  Nooksack 
river,  and  engaged  in  vegetable  farming  and  the 
stock  business.  In  1883,  he  was  employed  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  at  Ta- 
coma,  but  a  few  months  later  came  to  Seattle  as 
station  agent  for  the  Columbia  &  Puget  Sound 
Railroad  Company;  was  also  agent  for  the  Pa- 
cific Steamship  Company,  had  charge  of  docks 
and  coal  shipping  of  the  Oregon  Improvement 
Company,  and  was  agent  for  the  Oregon  Rail- 
way &  Navigation  Company,  all  of  which 
offices  he  resigned  in  1888  to  take  charge  of 
the  ticket  and  freight  business  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  at  Seattle.  lie  re- 
signed this  position  in  the  fall  of  1890  to  take 
up  the  duties  of  County  Clerk  and  ex  officio 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  to  which  office  he 
had  been  elected  by  the  Republican  party  in  the 
November  election.  During  iiis  term  of  service 
the  duties  cf  his  office  were  conducted  so  im- 
partially and  satisfactorily,  that,  failing  to  get  a 
renomination,  he  was  urgently  solicited  to  be- 
come an  independent  candidate,  and  in  that  ca- 
pacity entered  the  campaign  ot  1892. 

Mr.  Spencer  was  married  at  Gunnison,  Colo- 
rado, to  Miss  Emily  Griggs,  and  has  two  child- 
ren. Jack  and  Archie. 

Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  By 
the  judicious  investment  of  his  savings  he  has 
acquired  valuable  property  in  Seattle.  He  also 
owns  ten  acres  on  Lake  Washington  and  still  re- 
tains his  farm  on  the  Nooksack.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  and  is  the  vice-president  of 
the  Black  River  Coal  &  Transportation  Com- 
pany, which  company  has  a  mine  fully  devel- 
oped at  the  juncture  of  the  Dwamish  and 
Black  rivers. 

rRANK  PAUL,  one  of  the  active  young 
Republicans  of  King  county,  Washing- 
—  ton,  and  County  Assessor  from  1890  to 
1892,  was  born  near  Coldwater,  Branch  county, 
Michigan,  in  1862.  His  parents,  David  and 
Jane  E.  (Hall)  Paul,  wei'e  natives  of  Washing- 
ton county,  New  York.  Mr.  Paul  located  in 
Michigan'in  1836,  and  lived  on  the  old  home 
stead  until  his  death,  November    20,  1890,    at 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  His  widow  still 
survives,  now  seventy  years  of  age,  and  is  occu- 
pying the  old  home. 

Frank  Paul  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Branch  county,  and  was  employed  at  farm  work 
up  to  his  eighteenth  year.  He  then  started  out 
for  self  support,  journeying  westward  and  first 
stopping  in  Henry  county,  Iowa,  where  he 
farmed  for  three  years.  Then,  in  March,  1884, 
he  pushed  on  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  located 
a  homestead  of  IGO  acres  ten  miles  south  of 
Seattle.  He  at  once  began  improving  his  farm, 
and  remained  upon  it  until  the  summer  of  1886, 
when,  through  accident,  he  shot  himself  in  the 
shoulder.  This  necessitated  his  going  to  the 
hospital  in  Seattle,  for  treatment,  and  incapaci- 
tated him  for  niannal  labor.  Upon  recovery,  he 
attended  the  State  University  for  one  term,  after 
which  he  taught  the  Dwamish  school  until 
1888.  From  that  time  until  1890  he  was  em- 
ployed as  Deputy  Assessor,  and  was  then  the 
nominee  of  the  Republican  party  for  Assessor, 
and  was  elected  in  November  following.  He 
performed  the  duties  of  the  office  most  credit- 
ably, retiring  in  January,  1893. 

Mr.  Paul  was  married  in  Tacoma  to  Miss 
Rose  M.  Springer,  a  native  of  Iowa. 

He  still  owns  his  ranch,  a  portion  of  which 
has  been  cleared,  and  is  now  farmed  in  hop?, 
orchard  and  hay.  He  also  has  property  in 
Seattle,  a  house,  barn  and  five  acres  adjoining 
the  town  of  Kent,  and  160  acres  of  unimproved 
land  near  Giltnan. 


D\R.  P.  B.  CARTER,  an  active  physician  of 
J  Tacoma,  Washington,  esteemed  alike  for 
— -  professional  skill  and  worth  as  a  citizen, 
was  born  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  southern  Texas, 
July  30,  1860.  His  parents,  George  W.  and  R. 
M.  (Mcllhaney)  Carter,  were  both  natives  of 
Virginia,  and  descendants  of  early  settlers  of  that 
State,  their  ancestors  having  been  granted  land 
in  the  Old  Dominion  by  the  king  of  England. 
When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  seven 
years  of  age,  his  parents  returned  to  Virginia, 
and  he  was  reared  in  Londoun  county,  about  six 
miles  from  Leesburg,  the  county  seat,  and  re- 
ceived his  literary  education  at  Roanoke  Col- 
lege. He  afterward  began  reading  medicine 
under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Taylor,  an 
eminent    physician    of     Hillsborough,  and,  in 


1883,  matricnlated  in  the  medical  'department 
of  the  University  of  Maryland,  at  which  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1885. 

The  following  year,  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment as  physician  in  the  Government  Indian 
service,  being  first  assigned  to  duty  among  the 
Brnles,  in  South  Dakota.  After  a  residence  of 
about  eleven  months  there,  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Puyallup  reservation,  in  Washington, 
where  he  remained  about  three  years.  From 
there  he  was  transferred  to  the  Skokomish 
agency,  in  tiie  same  State,  and  after  three 
months'  service  there,  was  recalled  to  Washing- 
ton, District  of  Columbia,  where  he  received  an 
appointment  as  staff  physician  of  the  Colum- 
bian Hospital.  He  remained  there  about  a 
year,  when  he  once  more  turned  his  face  toward 
the  West,  retracing  his  steps  to  Washington 
and  settling  in  Tacoma,  where  he  was  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until 
January,  1881.  He  then  removed  to  that  part 
of  the  city  known  as  Edison,  where  the  jVorth- 
ern  Pacific  Railroad  shops  are  situated,  and,  for 
the  past  year,  has  been  surgeon  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company.  Although  young 
the  Doctor  has  achieved  an  enviable  reputation 
for  skillful  and  conscientious  work,  and  is  i-ecog- 
uized  as  a  rising  physician. 

September  29,  1883,  Dr.  Carter  was  tnarried, 
in  Virginia,  to  Miss  R.  Lee  Milburn,  a  native 
of  the  Old  Dominion  and  daughter  of  Jefferson 
and  Mary  E.  Milburn,  prominent  and  respected 
residents  of  that  State.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Carter 
have  two  children:      Hall  and  Lee. 

Aside  from  the  esteem  entertained  for  the 
Doctor  as  a  professional  man,  he  has  gained  the 
higli  regard  of  all  by  his  progressive  and  pub- 
lic-spirited disposition  and  interest  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  his  adopted  State  and  enjoys  the 
best  wishes  of  his  fellow  citizens  for  his  future 
prosperity  and  happiness. 


Wl: 


iiLLiAM  Lafayette  stearns.  a 

farmer  of  King  county,  was  horn  in 
:)hio,  June  11,  1837,  a  son  of  William 
and  Sarah  (Wooster)  Stearns.  When  William 
L.  was  seven  years  of  age  lie  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Illinois.  AVhile  there,  September  1, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Thirty-fourth 
Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  was  wounded  by  a 
bullet  in  the  right   leg  at   the   battle   of  Pitts- 


i/t^t^Z^ 


^ 


^  ^^&^.-t^ 


HISTORY    OF    WASriINOTON. 


bui-o;  Landing,  and  was  discharged  in  September, 
1862.  Mr.  Steartis  tlien  remained  at  home  un- 
til 1865,  for  the  following  six  years  was  en- 
gaged in  farminij  in  Kansas,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1877  arrived  in  Washington.  He  immediately 
located  on  a  place  one  and  a  half  mile  below 
Fall  City,  where  he  has  ever  since  remained. 

Mr.  Stearns  was  married  in  September,  1863, 
to  Mary  Richards,  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
had  the  following  children:  Alice,  now  Mrs. 
Wetmore;  Mary,  wife  of  a  Mr.  Hutchens; 
Evelyn  Adeline,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seven 
years;  Jessie,  now  Mrs.  King;  William  M., 
Susie  A.,  and  Maud,  the  youngest,  who  died 
when  seven  years  of  age.  Mrs.  Mary  Stearns 
died  March  24,  1888,  and  Mr.  Stearns  was 
again  married,  June  30,  1891,  to  Miss  Julia  E. 
Cruii^e,  a  native  of  Illinois. 


N.  BIGELOW,  President  of  the  Seattle 
Dime  Savings  Bank,  was  born  in  Canning, 
JSTova  Scotia,  in  1838.  His  American 
ancestor,  John  Bigelow,  emigrated  from  Eng- 
land to  New  England  in  1630,  and  located  at 
Watertown,  Massachusetts.  The  parents  of  our 
subject,  David  and  Martha  (Weaver)  Bigelow, 
removed  to  Nova  Scotia  about  1768,  and  there 
Mr.  Bigelow  followed  his  trade  of  ship-build- 
ing as  proprietor  of  a  large  ship-yard:  he  also 
conducted  the  village  store.  I.  N.  Bigelow  was 
educated  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  there  learned  the 
trade  of  ship-building,  and  after  the  decease  of 
his  father  he  continued  the  yard  and  store  up 
to  1868,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Lynn,  Massachusetts,  and  engaged  in  stair  build- 
ing and  also  operated  in  real-estate. 

In  1875  he  came  to  the  Puget  Sound  district 
and  located  at  Seattle,  which  was  then  a  little 
hamlet  of  about  2,000  inhabitants.  Mr.  Bige- 
low engaged  in  contracting  and  building,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  was  the  representative 
builder  of  the  city.  He  operated  a  grocery 
store  for  about  two  years,  and  in  1882  began  to 
ueal  in  real -estate,  as  he  then  realized  that  the 
little  village  would  soon  become  the  commercial 
center  and  lands  would  rapidly  increase  in  value. 
He  then  bought  and  platted  120  acres,  and  laid 
off  three  additions,  all  of  which  were  sold  for 
residence  purposes.  In  1883.  in  partnership 
with  C.  P.  Stone,  he  purchased  270  acres  and 
laid  off  the  Lake  Union  addition.     He  has  since 


conducted  a  general  real-estate  business,  having 
handled  some  uf  the  valuable  properties  of  the 
city.  In  1888  he  established  the  Mechanics' 
mill,  combining  a  sawmill  and  sash  and  door 
factory,  which  he  conducted  successfully  until 
sold.  He  is  President  and  one  of  the  largest 
stockholders  in  the  Bryn-Mawr  Land  &  Impove- 
ment  Company,  who  own  100  acres  of  land  on 
Lake  Washington  near  Renton.  He  also  owns 
valualjle  int.;rests  in  Seattle,  and  has  done  much 
toward  the   development  of  that  beautiful  city. 

He  was  married  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1863,  to 
Miss  Emeline  Davison,  her  ancestry  also  dating 
back  to  the  Puritan  settlement  of  New  England. 
Three  children  liavc  blessed  this  union:  David 
E.,  E.  Victor  and  Clara. 

In  August.  1892,  Mr.  Bigelow  purchased  the 
stock  of  the  Seattle  Dime  Savings  Bank,  and 
was  duly  elected  the  president.  This  bank  was 
organized  and  incorpoi-ated  in  June,  1892,  with 
a  capital  of  150,000,  E.  C.  Frost  being  the  first 
pi-esident  and  E.  J.  Landers  cashier.  The 
latter  still  continues  in  the  same  official  capac- 
ity. The  bank  has  advanced  steadily  to  the 
front  rank  and  already  holds  a  position  of  prom- 
inence amongst  the  institutions  of  that  char- 
acter, it.s  purpose  being  to  encourage  the  pres- 
ervation and    accumulation    of    small    savings. 


d[OHNCRAMERwa 
Canada,  on  the  IS 
-—     His  parents  were 


,  was  born  in  London  district, 
18th  day  of  July,  1880. 
parents  were  Jeremiah  and  Susanna 
(Chase)  Cramer,  the  former  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  but  of  fternian  e.Ktraction,  the  latter  a 
native  of  Canada.  His  father  was  a  carpenter 
by  trade,  and  when  about  eighteen  years  old, 
went  to  Canada,  where  he  lived  until  1838, 
when  he  removed  to  Kalamazoo  county,  Michi- 
gan, locating  near  the  town  of  Comstock.  He 
lived  there  about  eight  years,  and  then  located 
near  Monmouth,  in  Warren  county,  Illinois.  The 
family  moved  to  Iowa  in  1856,  and  located  near 
Brush  Creek,  in  Fayette  county,  where  his 
father  and  mother  died.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  lived  iu  Iowa  until  he  was  married,  and 
in  1861  removed  to  Vernon  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  there  resided,  following  farming  for  a 
living  and  raising  a  few  sheep.  The  farm  was 
located  in  the  woo  Is  and  they  were  compelled 
to  make  their  own  clothes.  He  lived  there 
until  1875,  when  lie  came  to  Washington   and 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


buught  a  place  about  fourteen  miles  northeast 
of  Yanconver,  cantaiiiing  about  160  acres. 
Here  he  started  in  the  dairy  business,  which  he 
now  continues.  He  has  now  a  large  dairy  out- 
fit, which  contains  the  latest  and  most  improved 
methods  of  prosecuting  the  business,  the  capac- . 
ity  of  the  plant  being  about  1,500  pounds  of 
butter  an  liour.  He  makes  butter  for  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  other  local  markets. 

Mr.  Cramer  was  married  in  Fayette  county, 
Iowa,  July  5,  1858,  to  Miss  Koxy  Dillon,  nee 
Brooks,  a  native  of  Canada,  and  born  about  live 
miles  from  where  he  was.  She  is  a  daughter 
of  Benjamin  and  Olive  (Hains)  Brooks.  Siie 
was  first  married  in  Muscatine  county,  Iowa,  to 
Jeremiah  Dillon,  who  died  in  1856,  leaving  her 
with  three  children, — Francesco,  now  living  at 
Kelso,  Washington;  Williairi  Henry,  living  at 
Salem;  and  Olive,  who  is  married  and  living  at 
Spurgeon,  Washington. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cramer  have  seven  children, 
viz.:  Susan  Jane,  wife  of  James  Johnson;  Jere- 
miah; Mary,  wife  of  Charles  Dailey;  John:  Ed- 
win; Ann,  wife  of  Alonzo  Cook;  Emma,  wife 
of  Charles  Alexander. 

Mr.  Cran)er  is  a  Democrat,  po]itically,  and  a 
member  of  several  societies  and  secret  lodges. 

^.^..-S 

Tf   |[  ON.  ALBERT  BEIGGS,  the  oldest  liv- 
Ip^l    ing  resident  of  Port  Townsend,  was  born 
I     *1    at  Sholam,  on  the  borders  of  Lake  Cham- 
•^  plain,  Vermont,  August  26.  1813,  a  son 

of  Benjamin  L.  and  Electra  (Trippman)  Briggs, 
natives  also  of  that  Slate.  At  the  age  of  seven 
years  Albert  moved  with  liis  parents  to  Penn- 
sylvania, and  one  year  later  to  Guernsey  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  reared  to  fartn  life.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  years  he  began  learning  the  carpenter's 
trade  at  Cambridge.  In  1835  he  removed  with 
his  family  to  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  followed  his 
trade  there  until  1884,  in  that  year  moved  to 
Indiana,  a  few  months  later  to  Chicago,  and 
finally  located  at  Andrew,  Jackson  county,  Iowa, 
cif  which  State  his  brother,  Ansell,  was  the  first 
elected  Governor.  In  the  spring  of  1847  Mr. 
Bnggs,  with  his  wife  and  four  children,  staj-ted 
with  an  ox  team  to  make  the  weary  march 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon.  Crossing  the  river 
at  St.  Joe,  Missouri,  a  company  of  115  wagons 
was  organized  witii  great  pom]i  and  display, 
but  it  was  soon   determined  that  the  train   was 


too  large,  and  they  ultimately  divided  into  ten 
parties.  In  the  same  train  as  our  subject  was 
the  Hon.  L.  B.  Hastings,  now  deceased,  and 
David  Shelton,  a  respected  citizen  of  the  little 
city  which  bears  his  name.  The  journey  was 
successfully  accomplished  without  serious  acci- 
dent or  adventure.  They  passed  through  the 
Dalles,  thence  down  the  river  to  Portland,  ar- 
riving there  October  14,  1847. 

January  1,  1848,  Mr.  Briggs  and  family 
proceeded  to  Oregon  City,  where  he  followed 
his  trade  until  the  following  fall,  and  then 
located  a  claim  on  the  Santa  Anna  river.  In 
1849  he  w^ent  to  the  gold  mines  of  California, 
but  after  a  short  absence  returned  to  Oregon, 
wliere  he  followed  his  trade  and  farming  until 
the  spring  of  1852.  Mr.  Briggs  then  decided 
to  remove  to  Puget  Sound,  and,  sending  his 
family  by  schooner,  drove  his  stock  across  the 
country  to  Tumwater,  where  he  built  a  flat- 
boat,  13x52  feet,  on  whicn  he  loaded  his  cattle, 
numbering  thirty  head,  and  started  with  the 
tide  for  Port  Townsend.  Fifteen  days  were 
consumed  on  the  journey,  the  nights  having 
been  passed  on  the  shore,  and  the  cattle  allowed 
to  graze.  He  passed  throiigh  Long  bay,  but 
that  name  was  then  unknown:  he  called  it  Scow 
bay,  which  it  still  retains.  Duly  arriving  at 
Port  Townsend,  then  a  city  of  one  house,  Mr. 
Briggs  located  his  donation  claim  adjoining  the 
town,  where  he  engaged  in  farming,  stock-rais- 
ing, cutting  piles,  squaring  timber,  and  such 
pursuits  as  offered  for  gaining  a  livelihood. 
Through  the  development  of  Puget  Sound  his 
land  became  very  valuable,  and  he  has  since  sold 
his  estate  with  the  exception  of  fifteen  acres, 
where  he  still  resided  in  a  comfortable,  modern 
cottage,  surrounded  by  the  comforts  of  life. 

Mr.  Briggs  was  married  at  Canibi'idge,  Ohio, 
August  13,  1833,  to  Miss  Isabell  Cook,  grand- 
daughter of  Captain  Thomas  Cook  of  Eevolu- 
tionary  fame.  November  22, 1888,  our  subject 
suffered  the  loss  of  her  who  had  been  the  com- 
panion of  his  life  for  over  fifty-four  years.  The 
union  had  been  blessed  with  seven  children,  all 
now  deceased.  Three  grandchildren  by  his 
daughter  Sarah,  who  was  the  wife  of  R.  S. 
Robinson,  are  now  living.  Mr.  Briggs  affiliates 
with  the  Republican  party.  He  first  held  the 
ottice  of  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  was 
next  County  Commissioner,  was  fourteen  years 
Probate  Judge,  from  1861  to  1864  represented 
Jefferson  and  Callam  counties  in  the  Territo- 
rial  Legislature,  and  all  of   these  positions  he 


HISTORY     OF     W^LSIHNGTON. 


86B 


tilled  with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to 
the  people.  Mr.  Briggs  was  one  of  ten  chil- 
dren, and  is  the  survivor  of  his  name  and  fam- 
ily. At  the  advanced  age  of  eighty  years  he  is 
a  wonderful  type  of  manhood,  unbrolceu  by  the 
hardships  of  pioneer  life  and  still  preserving  his 
genial  ways  and  generous  disposition,  which 
won  for  him  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
entire  population  of  Piiget  Sound. 

-tt..-=— -S  ,v%l,.t.  i-g>.  r 1^ 


H.  RiCKER,  who  has  done  so  much 
toward  the  development  of  the  fruit  in- 
dustry in  the  vicinity  of  Vancouver  and 
Clarke  county,  Washington,  is  entitled  to  sotne 
personal  mention  in  this  work.  A  sketch  of 
his  career  is  as  follows: 

C.  H.  Ricker  was  born  in  Bangor,  Maine,  De- 
cember 21,  1841,  his  parents  being  Ezekiel  and 
Catharine  P.  (Buker)  Ricker.  Ezekiel  Ricker, 
a  native  of  Berwick,  Maine,  descended  from  one 
of  the  early  families  of  that  State,  his  ancestors 
having  participated  in  the  Revolutionary  strug- 
gle. His  wife,  the  mother  of  our  subject,  was 
born  at  Ellsworth,  Maine,  and  her  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Wardwell,  was  a  linenl  de- 
scendant of  Miles  Standish.  When  C.  H.  Ricker 
■was  four  years  old  the  family  removed  from 
Bangor  to  Bradford,  and  in  his  native  State  he 
was  reared,  early  in  life  being  inured  to  hard 
work.  When  he  was  only  eleven  years  old  he 
hauled  tan  bark,  and  two  years  later  he  became 
a  logger.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  for  three  years  was 
engaged  in  lumbering  in  the  pineries.  Young 
Ricker  was  at  work  in  the  pine  forests  of  Min- 
nesota when  the  war  broke  out,  and  August  14, 
18G2,  we  find  him  with  five  of  his  chums  en- 
listing in  Company  A,  Ninth  Minnesota  Infan- 
.  try,  under  Clolouel  Wilkins.  Colonel  Wilkins 
was  killed  in  battle  at  Tupelo.  Of  Mr.  Ricker's 
chums  we  record  that  Richard  Barrows  died  at 
Memphis;  Daniel  Hutchins  was  killed  at  Gun- 
town,  shot  down  by  Mr.  Ricker's  side;  Charles 
Schorrod  died  at  Anderson vi He;  Edmund  F. 
Warren  also  died  at  Andersonville;  and  James 
A.  Woodcock,  who  became  Corporal,  died  at 
Memphis — Mr.  Ricker  thus  being  the  only  one 
of  the  number  left. 

August  18,  1862,  the  Indians  broke  out  in 
Minnesota.  The  command  of  which  Mr.  Ricker 
was  a  member  reported  in  citizens'  clothes,  were 


given  Springfield  rifles,  and  on  the  20th  of  Au- 
gust relieved  Fort  Ridgeley;  next  went  to  the 
relief  of  Birch  Coolie,  where  more  than  half  of 
the  defenders  were  either  killed  or  wounded; 
was  at  the  battle  of  AVood  lake.  That  same 
fall  he  was  in  an  expedition  against  the  hostiles, 
and  helped  to  bury  fifteen  Indians  in  one  grave. 
They  went  to  Camp  Release  and  liberated  about 
150  women  who  had  been  captured;  camped 
that  winter  at  Fort  Ridgeley,  and  the  next 
spring  went  across  the  Dakotas  as  far  as  Bis- 
marck, having  in  the  meantime  several  engage- 
ments with  the  Indians — battles  at  Big  Mound, 
Dead  Buffalo  lake.  Stony  lake,  and  the  fight 
on  the  Missouri  river.  AH  this  occupied  the 
time  until  August,  when  they  went  via  Fort 
Abercrombie  to.  Fort  Snelling,  and  in  October 
they  proceeded  to  Missouri,  where  they  were  on 
general  duty.  They  went  to  Benton  Barracks, 
Jefferson  City,  and  thence  four  companies  pro- 
ceeded to  RoUa.  In  the  spring  of  1864  the 
regiment  reunited  at  St.  Louis,  thence  went  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  and  from  there  immedi- 
ately went  out  in  the  expedition  commanded  by 
Sturgis.  In  the  fight  at  Guntown,  when  great 
destruction  was  inflicted  on  the  Union  arms, 
his  company  was  detailed  as  pioneers;  he  was 
one  out  of  four  who  got  back  into  Memphis 
with  accoutrements,  out  of  a  company  of  seventy 
men.  In  reaching  Memphis  he  had  been  com- 
pelled to  subsist  on  leaves  and  such  edible  sub- 
stances as  could  be  found  in  a  hostile  country. 
At  Memphis  he  broke  down  with  chronic  diar- 
rha3a  and  was  taken  to  hospital,  where  he  lay 
until  the  Tupelo  raid,  in  which  he  started. 
Later  he  went  to  a  convalescent  camp,  but  it  was 
so  distasteful  to  him  there  that  he  got  the  sur- 
geon to  recommend  his  return  to  the  regimental 
camp,  and  started  out  one  rainy  morning,  but 
although  it  was  very  disagreeable  to  him,  he 
staid  with  it.  He  went  with  General  A.  J. 
Smith  to  White  river,  but  was  taken  with  ague 
on  the  boat.  At  Duvall's  Bluflf  he  had  a  fresh 
complication  of  troubles,  and  was  returned  to  the 
convalescent  camp  at  Memphis,  thence  went  to 
Nashville,  and  when  his  regiment  arrived  there 
he  rejoined  it.  He  was  in  the  two  days*  fight  at 
Nasliville,  and  was  in  the  thick  of  the  combat, 
his  gun  getting  so  hot  from  rapid  firing  that  he 
could  hardly  handle  it.  They  pursued  Hood 
ddwn  til  Pulu>ki,  and  struck  across  the  country 
to  Ka!-tiiuit,  ^li.--i>sippi;  it  was  winter  and  they 
marched  in  snow  a  foot  deep.  He  went  to  hos- 
pital  at   Memphis;    all    Minnesota  troops  were 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ordered  to  tlieir  regiments,  but  he  broke  down, 
was  sent  to  the  soldiers'  liome,  from  tliere  was 
sent  home,  and  on  the  16th  of  June,  1865,  was 
discharged  by  orders  of  the  War  Department. 

He  then  went  to  Missouri,  remaining  about 
Kansas  City  and  vicinity,  but  his  liealth  was  not 
good  and  he  went  to  Iowa,  bought  100  acres  of 
land,  and  started  to  make  ;i  home.  In  February, 
1867,  he  went  to  Vermillion,  Dakota  Territory, 
Ijought  about  400  acres  of  land,  and  would  have 
been  successful  but  for  one  of  the  pests  which 
have  injured  so  many  localities.  The  grass- 
hopper plague  of  1874  started  him  for  ihe 
Black  Hills,  but  he  could  not  get  in  on  account 
of  the  soldiers.  He  then  proceeded  to  Oregon, 
nrriving  at  Portland  on  New  Year's  day,  1875. 
He  looked  around  for  a  time,  got  on  a  boat  and 
went  up  llie  Willamette  river.  He  was  advised 
to  look  for  work  among  the  farmers,  but  got  a 
Job  in  Albany  at  $1.50  a  day  and  board;  worked 
tilty-four  days,  and  was  then  getting  13  a  day 
and  board.  The  next  summer  he  spent  in  lum- 
bering near  Gardiner,  at  $60  a  month.  He  had 
now  saved  5?500,  which  he  sent  back  to  pay  up 
debts  in  Dakota.  He  went  to  Portland  about 
the  middle  of  October,  ami  thought  he  would 
go  to  California  and  spend  the  winter  there. 
He  v.-ent  to  San  Francisco,  then  to  Santa  Cruz, 
and  from  there  to  Los  Gatos,  where  he  arrived 
"broke."'  At  Los  Gatos  he  got  temporary  em- 
ployment building  a  fence,  and  that  winter  he 
spent  in  chopping  cordwood  in  the  mountains. 
Next  summer  he  hired  out  to  work  on  the  coast, 
but  quit  after  a  niontii,  went  to  the  Sierra  Xe- 
vada  mountains  and  made  $100  a  month  chop- 
ping cordwood.  When  snow  came  he  went  back 
to  the  place  where  lie  had  spent  the  previous 
winter,  secured  a  similar  job,  and  in  the  spring 
was  several  hundred  dollars  ahead,  and  traded  a 
place  in  Dakota  for  one  there.  He  tixed  up  the 
place,  whitewashed  the  buildings,  and  sold  it 
for  $1,100,  realizing  $400  on  the  deal.  He  then 
went  back  to  Dakota,  where  he  was  married  that 
fall,  and  upon  his  return  he  engaged  in  the  wood 
business,  which  he  followed  about  three  years. 
Then  the  grasshojipers  came  again  and  stripped 
the  country,  and  in  1880  he  again  deemed  it 
be>^t  to  seek  a  change  of  location,  and  came  to 
Washingtoti. 


On 


coming 


to    Washincfton,     Mr.    Ricker 


selected  a  location  adjoining  the  city  limits  of 
Vancouver,  and  in  August,  1880,  purchased  a 
tract  of  land  here,  comprising  108  acres.  At 
that  time  there  were  only  about   half  a  dozen 


fruit  trees  on  this  place.  Since  that  date  he  has 
inaugurated  a  wonderful  transformation  here. 
He  subdivided  the  tract,  sold  off  parts  of  it, 
and  now  there  are  nine  families  on  the  place, 
and  four-lifths  of  it  are  devoted  to  fruit.  He 
first  set  out  about  150  trees  and  some  small 
fruits,  and  year  by  year  he  added  to  the  acreage 
thus  utilized,  in  1887  planting  fourteen  acres 
more  in  fruit,  and  since  that  time  planting  what 
remained  of  the  twenty  acres  he  yet  retains. 
He  makes  a  specialty  of  Italian  prunes,  having 
thirteen  acres  devoted  to  prunes  alone.  Pre- 
vious to  1893  he  sold  his  prunes  in  Portland, 
undried,  but  from  this  time  forward  will  dry 
them  himself  before  shipping.  He  also  has 
forty  acres  of  fine  land  on  Vancouver  lake, 
which  he  purchased  in    February,  1889.     This 


tract  was  cover 


timber  at  the  time  he  pu 


pur- 


chased it,  but  under  his  management  it  has  been 
cleared  and  planted  entirely  in  Italian  prunes, 
sixteen  acres  set  out  in  1890  and  the  rest  in 
1891. 

Mr.  Ricker  was  married  December  22,  1877, 
to  Miss  Matilda  A.  Williams,  a  native  of  Sid- 
ney, Ohio,  and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
(Turner)  Williams.  They  have  hud  three  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom,  Mary  and  Mabel,  aged  re- 
spectively six  and  four  years,  died  of  diphtheria. 
Mattie  is  now  (1893)  eleven  years  of  age. 

Politically,  Mr.  Eicker  goes  on  the  indepen- 
dent line.  Since  coming  to  Washington  he  has 
not  taken  an  active  part  in  public  affairs,  but 
while  he  was  in  Dakota  he  t-erved  for  a  time  as 
Deputy  Sheriff,  and  in  lS68-'69  was  a  member 
ot  the  Territorial  Council. 


[[J[  O.  HOLLEXBECK,  of  Seattle,  was  born 
in  Clinton  county,  Indiana,  December 
25,  1852,  the  oldest  son  of  William  and 
Ilosanna  (Reinhart)  HoUenbeck,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The 
primary  education  of  our  subject  was  received 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  years  he  began  teaching  school 
in  the  spring  terms,  and  attended  school  during 
the  fall  and  winter.  AYith  only  $50  in  money, 
Mr.  Hnllenbeck  continued  his  studies,  and  com- 
pleted a  three  years'  course  at  the  Industrial  Uni- 
versity, of  Champaign,  Illinois.  A  part  of  that 
course  was  carried  on  while  teaching,  keeping 
up  with  his  classes   by   private,  study,  and  oidy 


UI8T0UT    OF     WAHHINGTON. 


attending  the  university  during  examinations. 
He  uompfeted  the  course  in  June,  1876,  and  in 
the  following  August  accepted  the  position  of 
Commissary  Clerk  at  the  Malheur  Indian  res- 
ervation, Oregon,  where  he  remained  three 
years  and  during  that  time  was  engaged  in 
reading  law.  In  1879  he  entered  the  law  office 
of  Johnson,  McCowan  &  McCruin,  at  Oregon 
City,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882. 

By  the  death  of  his  father,  Mr.  Ilollenbeck 
was  called  to  his  former  home  to  look  after  the 
settlement  of  the  estate,  he  being  the  only  son, 
and  spent  eighteen  months  in  running  the  farm, 
teaching  school  and  closing  the  business  affairs. 
In  1883  lie  returned  to  Oregon  City,  accepted 
the  position  of  Principal  of  public  schools,  in 
the  spring  of  1885  went  to  California  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health,  was  recalled  to  accept  the 
position  of  vice-principal  of  the  high  school  of 
Seattle,  served  four  years  in  that  position,  and 
the  following  two  year  as  principal.  During 
his  regime  the  school  increased  fron  eighty  to 
180  pupils,  and  was  vastly  improved  in  all  its 
branches.  In  the  spring  of  1891  Mr.  Ilollen- 
beck retired  from  teaching,  and  purchased  an 
interest  in  the  printing  establislnnent  of  In- 
grahara  &  Coryell,  in  which  capacity  he  is  now 
engaged.  The  firm  own  and  publish  the  North- 
western Journal  of  Education,  the  Mining 
News,  Ingrahani  &  Coryell's  Seattle  Guide,  the 
Occidental  Congregatioualist,  the  Pacific  Boys 
and  Girls,  and  also  do  the  press  work  on  the 
Se  tttle  Standard,  Seattle  Democrat,  Democratic 
Star,  Merchants'  Review,  besides  a  varied  job 
business. 

Mr.  Ilollenbeck  was  married  in  Seattle,  in 
July,  1887,  to  Miss  Anna  Penfield,  a  native  of 
Connecticut.  She  came  to  Seattle  in  1871,  was 
educated  in  the  Territorial  University,  and 
taught  four  years  in  the  public  schools  of  this 
city.  They  have  two  children:  Norman  Kno.x 
and  William  Harold.  Socially,  our  subject 
afiiliates  with  the  I.  0.  O.  F.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  the  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters. 


-^'^>^:^  ^^\^iy^^ 


[(JfON.  NATHANIEL   DAVIS    HILL,  a 
rp1|    prominent  and  respected  pioneer  of  Port 
J     4.    Townsend,     Washington,    was    born    in 
t/  Montgomery  county,  Pennsylvania,  Jan- 

uary 25,  1824.  His  parents,  Dr.  John  H.and  Eliza 


L.  (Davis)  Hill,  were  natives  of  Delaware  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  Dr.  Hill,  father  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  practiced  medicine 
in  Montgomery  county  until  1836,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia  and  engaged  in  the  drug 
business. 

Nathaniel  Hill,  of  this  notice,  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  when  fifteen 
years  of  age  entered  his  father's  drug  store, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  study  of  pharmacy. 
Some  time  later,  having  Ijecome  thoroughly  e.x- 
perienced  in  his  chosen  profession,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  a  friend  under  the  title  of 
Hill  &  Wright,  and  successfully  conducted  a 
drug  store  in  the  same  city  for  three  years, 
until  the  spring  of  1850.  Having  by  this  time 
heard  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California, 
which  occurred  in  1849,  and  becoming  seized, 
like  many  others,  with  a  desire  to  visit  that 
country,  he  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  drug 
business  and,  in  coiipany  with  his  father  and 
two  brothers,  he  embarked  via  Panama  for  San 
Francisco,  where  they  arrived  in  July  of  the 
same  year. 

He  here  accepted  the  position  of  foreigu 
entry  clerk  at  the  customhouse,  under  Colonel 
Collyer,  the  official  collector,  in  which  cn- 
pacity  Mr.  Hill  remained  until  1851.  He 
then  resigned  his  position  to  fulfill  his  original 
design  of  mining  gold.  After  a  brief  experience, 
however,  on  the  north  fork  of  the  American 
river,  he  decided  that  this  occupation  was  too 
laborious,  and  he  subsequently  went  to  the 
Sonoma  valley,  where  he  engaged  in  ranching 
and  stock-raising.  He  was  thus  occupied  until 
1S52,  when  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  San 
Fraucis{;o,  at  which  ]ioint  he  embarked  on  the 
brig  Cabot  for  Puget  sound.  On  landing  at 
Whidby  island,  Mr.  Hill  found  old  friends  in 
the  Crawford  family,  Colonel  Eby  and  family. 
Dr.  R.  R.  Lansdale,  John  Ale.xander  and  others, 
who  were  comfortably  settled  on  land.  Follow- 
ing their  example,  Mr.  Hill  soon  located  a  claim 
of  160  acres  f(n-  himself,  consisting  chiefly 
of  prairie  land,  and  purchasing  a  log  house 
from  a  person  about  to  leave,  he  settled  down, 
on"e  more  engaging  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising.  He  was,  in  1855,  appointed  Indian 
Agent  over  six  of  the  friendly  tribes  and 
removed  to  Skagit  Head  in  the  interest  of  his 
new  position.  He  did  able  service  in  this  ca- 
pacity and  was  tlie  means  of  holding  1,600 
Indians  in  check  during  the  wars  of  1855  to 
1857,  and  by  his  humane  and  just  treatment  of 


HISTORY    OF    WASniNOTON. 


liis  charges  created  a  friendly  feeling  toward  the 
white  people.  In  1857,  he  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  retnrn  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was 
married,  after  which  he  again  embarked  for 
Puget  sound,  via  the  Panama  route.  Arriving 
at  San  Francisco,  tliey  took  passage  on  the  old 
steamer  Constitution,  and  after  suffering  im- 
minent sliipwreck  and  throwing  away  many 
valuables  in  the  effort  to  lighten  the  ship,  they 
finally  arrived  at  Whidby  island  in  July,  soon 
alter  the  murder  of  Colonel  Eby  by  the  north- 
ern Indians.  Mr.  Hill  then  once  more  resumed 
his  agricultural  pursuits,  continuing  to  be  thus 
occupied  at  the  islaTid  until  18G8.  During  his 
residence  on  the  island,  he  served  in  various 
official  positions  of  trust,  having  been  a  school 
clerk  ten  years.  United  States  Commissioner 
live  years,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  County 
Commissioner,  besides  filling  various  other 
minor  positions,  in  all  of  which  his  actions  were 
characterized  by  ability,  integrity  and  energy. 
Much  credit  is  due  him  for  shaping  the  early 
conditions  in  that  vicinity  on  Hnet^  of  justice 
and  progression,  the  impression  of  his  influence 
continuing  to  the  present  day  and  contributing 
to  the  present  prosperity  enjoyed  by  the  people 
of  that  community. 

In  18G8,  Mr.  Hill  removed  to  Port  Townsend, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  in  which 
he  successfully  continued  until  succeeded  by  his 
two  sons  in  1885.  Mr.  Hill  has  been  promin- 
ently identified  with  all  the  importent  com- 
mercial interests  of  his  vicinity,  and  by  his  en- 
ergy and  wise  counsel  has  done  liis  share  toward 
advancing  them  to  their  present  prosperous  con- 
dition. He  assisted  in  organizing  the  First 
National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  elected  vice- 
president,  in  which  position  he  has  ever  since 
ably  served.  He  helped  to  start  the  Port  Town- 
send  Southern  Eailway  Company,  in  which  he 
is  secretary;  was  a  prime  mover  in  organizing 
the  Puget  Sound  Telegraph  Company,  with 
lit\es  from  Port  Townseud  to  Seattle;  as  well  as 
being  an  instigator  in  the  Port  Townsend  Saw 
Mill  Company;  the  Quincy  Street  Dock  Com- 
pany; Mount  Olympus  Water  Company;  Port 
Townsend  Foundry;  Port  Townsend  Steel  & 
Wire  Nail  Company,  in  which  he  holds  the 
office  of  vice-president;  and  has  aided  exten- 
sively in  the  development  of  residence  and  busi- 
ness property  in  the  city.  Few  men  have  con- 
tributed more  largely  to  the  public  welfare  and 
few  more  justly  enjoy  a  wider  and  deeper  pros- 
perity and  more  universal  esteem. 


In  1857,  Mr.  Hill  was  married  i/i  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  to  Miss  Sallie  H.  Had- 
dock, a  lady  of  superior  attainments,  who  was 
born  in  Lynn,  Massachusetts,  and  is  a  member 
of  an  old  and  honored  family.  They  had  tour 
children,  two  of  whom  survive,  Daniel  H.  and 
Howard  H.,  each  retaining  the  mother's  sur- 
name, and  both  enterprising  and  capable  citi- 
zens of  Washington. 

In  politics.  Mr.  Hill  is  a  Democrat,  and  has 
been  honored  by  his  constituents  with  various 
official  positions.  In  1785,  he  represented  Jef- 
ferson county  in  the  Legislature,  and  has  also 
served  as  County  Commissioner  and  Health 
Officer,  and  has  declined  every  office  in  the  gift 
of  the  people.  He  is  fratprnally  identified  with 
the  blue  lodge,  chapter  and  thirtieth  degree, 
Scottish  Ptite,  of  the  F.  &  A.  M.;  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  the  Order  of  Good  Templars,  all  of 
which  he  has  actively  supported. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill,  associated  with  Judge  A. 
Briggs  and  wife,  M-ere  the  organizers  of  Trinity 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  Mr.  Hill  was 
for  many  years  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school. 

At  the  age  of  sixty-nine,  Mr.  Hill  is  active, 
erect  and  agile,  having  by  daily  horseback  ride 
and  annual  hunt  preserved  his  health  and  buoy- 
ancy of  spirits,  infusing  into  mature  life  much 
of  the  joyousness  of  youth. 


\l  Al))lLLIAM  J.  JOXES,_a  prominent  n 
1868,  a  son  of  Charles  Jones,  a   native  of   111 


Jrui     P^P^''"  '^^"  °^  J'ort  Townsend,  was  born 
Si  ^     inColusacounty.  California,  February  y. 


nois.  In  subsequent  years  the  latter  became 
connected  with  the  United  States  Secret  Service, 
and  in  1862,  in  behalf  of  the  Government,  came 
to  California,  and  was  stationed  at  San  Fran- 
cisco for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  married 
in  1865,  to  Miss  Hannah  J.  Long,  a  daughter 
of  William  Long,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in 
the  Kussian  River  valley.  Completing  his 
term  of  service  with  the  Government,  Mr.  Jones 
purchased  a  small  fruit  ranch  near  Petaluma, 
where  the  family  resided.  He  followed  mining 
with  varying  fortunes  until  his  death,  in  1884:, 
his  wife  having  departed  this  life  one  year 
previous,  leaving  three  children. 

William  J.  Jones,  the  eldest  of  the  children, 
attended    the    Lincoln    public    schools    in    San 


HISTORY    OK    WASHINGTON. 


Fraacisco,  aad  also  spent  two  years  in  Litton's 
College,  iu  Sonoma  coantj.  Duriiior  the  year 
of  1882  he  passed  nine  months  with  a  survey- 
ing party  between  El  Pa^o  and  San  Antonio, 
and  then,  returning  to  San  Francisco,  engaged 
in  literary  work,  as  city  reporter  on  water  front 
and  police  news  for  the  Chronicle,  receiving 
valuable  instruction  in  newspaper  work  from 
Thomas  Vivian,  the  able  city  editor.  Mr.  Jones 
next  traveled  through  the  northwest,  served 
brief  engagements  on  the  Oregonian,  at  Walla 
Walla,  and  a  newspaper  at  Seattle,  and  in  1886 
established  the  Port  Towiisend  News  Bureau, 
in  this  city,  for  the  distribution  of  that  paper 
through  the  lower  Sound  country.  In  1887  Mr. 
Jones  organized  another  news  bureau,  covering 
the  Associate  Press,  and  as  a  special  wrote  for 
the  leading  daily  papers  of  the  United  States, 
in  which  line  he  still  continues.  In  March, 
1889,  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Slieriff  of 
Jefferson  county,  by  Richard  De  Lanty,  Sheriff, 
and  in  the  following  September  was  made 
Deputy  United  States  Marshal  by  T.  E.  Brown, 
of  Tacoma,  and  is  still  in  the  discharge  of  both 
departments. 

Mr.  Jones  was  married  in  1891,  to  Miss  Re- 
gina  Rothschild,  a  native  of  Port  Townsend, 
and  a  daughter  of  the  late  D.  C.  H.  Rothschild, 
one  of  the  respected  pioneers  of  this  city.  One 
child,  Dorette,  has  been  born  to  this  union.  Mr. 
Jones  has  valuable  property  interests  in  Port 
Townsend,  and  line  acre  property  on  Whidby 
island.  In  his  social  relations,  lie  affiliates 
with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the  K.  of  P.,  and  polit- 
ically is  identified   with  the   Ropul)lican   party. 


dj  M.  HANSE,  one  of  the  young  and  pro- 
j  gressive  ranchers  andgardeners  of  Klicki- 
tat county,  was  born  near  Salem,  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Crawford)  Hanse,  natives  of  Kentucky.  They 
located  in  Missouri  when  young,  and  were  mar- 
ried in  Johnson  county,  that  State.  In  1850, 
in  company  with  500  wagons,  they  crossed  the 
plains  by  Fort  Laramie,  spending  five  months 
on  the  road.  Crossing  the  plains  at  that  time 
was  attended  with  njuch  danger  from  Indians 
and  wild  animals,  members  of  the  company  be- 
in  compelled  to  stand  guard  at  night  while  the 
others  slept.     Mr.  Hanse  was  sick  during  seven 


weeks  of  the  journey.  They  loc  ited  near  Salem, 
taking  a  donation  claim  of  640  acres,  where  he 
lived  until  1872.  In  that  year  he  moved  with 
his  family  to  Klickitat  county,  Washington,  lo- 
cating on  a  farm  four  miles  we^tof  Goldendale. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hanse  now  reside  at  Palouse,  this 
State. 

J.  M.  Hanse,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  spent 
his  early  life  in  Oregon,  bat  afi;erward  wa^  en- 
gaged in  stock  ranching  and  other  pursuits, 
which  called  him  to  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. He  now  owns  160  acres  of  tine  land  in 
Klickitat  county,  which  is  well  improved  and 
watered  by  springs.  Heis  principilly  engaged 
in  gardening  and  fruit  raising. 

Mr.  Hanse  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Newland,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who  in 
an  early  day  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents 
to  Washington.  Her  father,  Isaac  Newland, 
still  resides  in  Klickitat  county.  Our  subject 
and  wife  have  three  children,  Rosco,  Nellie  and 
Maggie.  Mr.  Hanse  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  ¥.,  No.  15,  of  Goldendale,  and  is  identified 
with  the  Republican  party. 

POBERT  F.  WHITHAM.  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Capital  City  Abstract  & 
Title  Insurance  Company,  Olympia, 
Washington,  dates  his  birth  in  Mount 
Jackson,  Lawrence  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1852. 

His  parents.  Rev.  John  D.  and  Caroline  (Far- 
well)  Whitham,  were  natives  of  West  Virginia 
and  New  Hampshire,  respectively.  Mr.  Whit- 
ham was  a  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
who  entered  upon  his  mission  in  Pennsylvania 
and  subsequently  in  Millersburg,  Ohio,  dispens- 
ing divine  truth  for  more  than  forty  years.  He 
was  also  an  ardent  anti-slavery  man,  and  was 
connected  with  the  under-ground  railroad  sys- 
tem that  was  instrumental  in  releasing  so  many 
darkies  before  the  war.  In  1885  he  retired  from 
the  ministry,  removed  to  Norfolk,  Nebraska, 
and  is  there  passing  the  closing  years  of  his  life, 
fondly  attended  by  the  wife  of  his  youth. 

Robert  F.  was  educated  in  the  State  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  at  Champaign,  and  graduated  as 
a  civil  engineer  in  1877  He  was  engaged  one 
year  upon  lake  surveys,  with  headquarters  at 
Vermillion,  Illinois.  He  then  followed  Gov- 
ernment   surveys  and   Union     Pacific  railroad 


HI  STOUT    OP     WASHINGTON. 


work  up  to  1880,  when  he  came  to  Olympia, 
Washington  Territory,  and  Loiiglit  350  acres  of 
land  three  miles  north  of  the  city.  This  he  be- 
gan improving  and  selling  as  opportunity  of- 
leied.  At  last  he  reduced  the  tract  to  twenty- 
five  acres,  which  is  highly  improved  and  chiefly 
set  in  prune  trees,  he  being  among  the  tirst  to 
engage  in  the  fruit  industry  here.  He  now  has 
one  of  the  fl nest  and  moi-t  extensive  orchards  in 
the  county,  with  every  facility  for  handling  his 
crop.  He  gave  this  his  undivided  attention 
until  1887,  when,  with  the  increased  demand  tor 
civil  engineers,  he  returned  to  his  profession, 
opened  an  office  in  Olympia,  and  followed  gen- 
eral surveying  until  1890.  That  year  he  was 
appointed  City  Engineer,  and  served  one  term. 

In  the  spring  of  1891  Mr.  Whitham  was  one 
of  a  syndicate  to  purchase  the  abstract  business 
of  Henderson  Brothers  and  to  organize  and  in- 
corporate the  Capital  City  Abstract  &  Title  In- 
surance Company,  of  which  he  was  elected  pres- 
ident and  treasurer.  In  Deceniher,  1891,  he 
was  elected  Assessor  of  the  city  of  Olympia. 

Mr.  Whitham  was  married  at  Champaign, 
Illinois,  in  1877,  to  Miss  Martha  E.  Page,  a 
classmate  in  the  State  University,  and  a  native 
of  Illinois.  They  have  live  children,  Paul  P., 
John  D.,  Carl,  Enth  and  Linn. 

^-^-^ ^ 


MIZE,  a  snccessful  farmer  and  stock" 
raiser  of  Washington,  of  which  he  is  an 
old  settler,  now  residing  a  mile  north  of. 
Bucoda,  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  In- 
diana, April  23,  1826.  His  parents,  J.  and 
Rachel  (Arnold)  Mize,  were  natives  of  Virginia 
and  Tennessee,  respectively.  They  had  ten 
children,  of  whom  but  two  now  survive.  In 
1832,  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  six 
years  of  age,  his  parents  removed  from  his  na- 
tive county,  in  Indiana,  to  the  vicinity  of  Pal- 
estine, in  Illinois,  where  his  father  followed 
farming  for  five  years.  At  the  end  of  that 
time,  in  1837,  they  once  n)ore  removed  to  In- 
diana and  engaged  in  farming  about  twenty 
miles  from  their  former  home,  where  they  lived 
for  twenty  years,  and  then  returned  to  Crawford 
county,  Illinois,  settling  on  a  farm  near  Hutsou- 
ville,  where  they  resided  fourteen  years.  Mr. 
Mize  lived  with  his  parents  and  cared  for  them 
in  their  old  age  and  was  their  mainstay  until 
their  death. 


In  the  meantime,  having  heard  favorable 
rumors  of  the  Northwest,  he  started,  in  1860, 
with  his  wife  and  one  child  for  Washington 
Territory.  From  Illinois,  they  proceeded  to 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  and  thence  by  railroad  to 
Kew  York  city,  where  they  took  a  steamer  to 
Panama.  Crossing  the  isthmus,  they  took  a 
steamer  for  San  Francisco,  from  which  point 
they  proceeded  to  Puget  Sound  on  a  mail  boat, 
stopping  at  all  the  principal  places  on  the  way, 
and  arrived  in  Olympia,  June  12,  1860.  Soon 
after  their  arrival,  they  settled  on  a  faruj  one 
mile  north  of  Bucoda,  where  they  have  ever 
since  made  their  home.  Mr.  Mize  has  dealt  ex- 
tensively in  lands,  having  owned  and  sold 
several  good  farms.  He  now  owns  two  tracts 
of  land  under  cultivation  and  is  largely  engaged 
in  stock-raising,  all  of  which  have  proved  very 
remunerative,  until  after  years  of  toil  and  hard- 
ships, he  is  now  comfortably  situated  in  the 
midst  ol  family  and   friends. 

April  10,  1857,  Mr.  Mize  was  married  to 
Kancy  J.  Walters,  of  Ilutsonville,  Illinois,  a 
native  of  the  Prairie  State,  born  May  21,  1834, 
whose  parents,  E.  and  Eva  J.  (Ridenliouse) 
Walters,  were  old  residents  of  that  State,  where 
her  father  was  a  prominent  farmer.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mize  have  six  living  children:  Theudosia, 
now  Mrs.  J.  Yantes;  Emma,  married  to  Mr.  J. 
Yocom;  Eva  J.,  now  Mrs.  G.  Funk;  Henry  L., 
Minnie  and  Charles,  at  home.  Their  tirst  child, 
born  in  the  East,  died  shortly  after  their  arrival 
in  Washington. 

Mr.  Mize  has  not  only  advanced  his  own  in- 
terests by  his  energy  and  enterprise,  but  has 
also  done  much  to  stimulate  the  growth  and 
welfare  of  his  community,  of  which  he  is  an 
honored  member. 


FRED.  SUMNER  MEEKER  was  born  at 
Steilacoom,  Pierce  county,    Washington, 
—       on  December  13,  1862.   His  parents  were 
Ezra  and  Eliza  J.  (Sumner)  Meeker. 

He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  county 
and  in  the  gi-ammar  schools  of  Portland  and  at 
the  State  University  of  California  at  Berkeley. 
After  leaving  school  he  engaged  in  the  hop 
business  and  has  continued  at  it  ever  since.  He 
has  twenty-four  acres  in  his  own  place  and 
twenty-five  acres  in  partnership  with  his  father 
at  Kent,  King  county,  Washington. 


HISTORY     OF    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Meeker  was  married  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
March  15,  18S6,  to  Miss  Clara  Misamore,  a  na- 
tive of  California.  He  is  a  member  of  Unity 
Lodge,  No.  19,  I.  O.  0.  F.  of  Puyallnp,  and 
outside  of  this  one  connection  devotes  himself 
entirely  to  his  adopted  business  of  hop  growing, 
and  is  growing  more  prosperous  each  year. 


11 


y 


OSEPH  P.  MEEKER  nv;is  born  near  Steila- 
cooni,  in  Pierce  county,  Washington,  May 
15,  18G0.  His  parents  were  J.  V.  and 
Mary  J.  (Pence)  Meeker;  the  former  a  native  of 
Ohio,  the  latter  of  Indiana.  His  parents  came 
to  this  country  in  the  fall  of  1859.  When 
Joseph  was  eight  years  old  his  parents  removed 
to  Puyallup,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated 
in  the  schools  of  that  town.  In  1872,  he  en- 
gHged  in  the  hop  industry  with  his  father,  but 
in  1884  he  began  in  this  business  for  himself, 
and  now  cultivates  twenty-iive  acres  of  hops 
every  year.  From  1890  to  1893  he  was  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  in  Puyallup  in  addi- 
tion to  his  farm  interests.  He  was  married  on 
November  13,  1884,  in  this  county  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Marble,  a  native  of  Nebi-aska,  then 
living  at  South  Pend,  Washington.  They  have 
three  children,  viz.:  Winifred,  John  Valentine 
and  lola. 

Mr.  Meeker  is  a  member  of  Unity  Lodge  No. 
18,  I.  O.  0.  F.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  Rebekah  Lodge.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican politically,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
rising  young  men  of  that  community. 

D\R.    FREDERICK     W.    SPARLING.— 
I    Conspicuous    as   a   surgeon    in    the    late 
Civil  war,  prominent  as  a  patriot  of  the 

American    republic  and   notable  as  a  citizen  of 
Washington,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Born  in  Limerick,  in  the  south  of  Ireland, 
and  reared  in  Canada,  he  is  essentially  Ameri- 
can. Coming  to  Canada  in  boyhood,  he  was 
there  educated  in  literature  and  medicine,  and 
subsequently  married  Mary  Mitchell,  of  Scotch 
descent  and  a  representative  of  an  old  and  hon- 
orable family.  He  then  removed  to  Detroit, 
Michigan,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine  when  the  war  broke  out. 


The  Doctor  was  appointed  in  1861,  by  the 
Governor  of  Michigan,  to  the  position  of  As- 
sistant Surgeon  of  the  Fourteenth  Regiment  of 
State  Infantry,  and  when  the  regiment  reached 
the  front  he  was  detailed  for  duty  in  charge  of 
the  field  liospital  at  Hamburg,  on  the  Tennessee 
river.  After  the  capture  of  Corinth,  Missis- 
sippi, the  Doctor  was  promoted  Surgeon  of  the 
Tenth  Michigan  Infantry,  and  participated  in 
all  the  operations  of  the  army  until  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  was  reached.  He  served  on  the 
staffs  of  Generals  Paine,  Palmer,  Morgan  and 
Granger,  and,  after  the  battle  of  Stone  river, 
was  appointed  by  General  Rosecrans  Medical 
Inspector  of  Hospitals  and  ordered  to  the  East 
to  visit  all  hospitals  where  soldiers  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  were  confined,  and  to  order  to 
their  commands  at  the  front  all  those  who  were 
fit  for  duty.  The  execution  of  this  order  re- 
stored hundreds  of  soldiers  to  service.  The 
Doctor  was  afterward  transferred  from  the  staff 
of  General  Paine  to  that  of  General  Jefferson 
C.  Davis,  comn)anding  the  second  division  of 
the  Fourteenth  Army  Corps,  and  f.articipated 
in  all  the  operations  of  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland until  Atlanta  was  reached,  when  he  was 
detailed  as  Medical  Inspector  of  Hospitals  by 
General  George  H.  Thomas,  connnanding  the 
Cumberland  Department.  General  Thomas 
directed  the  Doctor  to  proceed  to  the  rear  and 
order  to  the  front  all  men  and  officers  who  did 
not  need  further  medical  treatment,  and  after 
the  performance  of  this  duty  Dr.  Sparling  was 
detailed  Post  Medical  Director  at  Nashville  and 
ordered  to  report  to  General  John  F.  Miller, 
commander  of  that  post.  Dr.  Sparling  partici- 
pated in  all  the  engagements  in  and  around 
Nashville,  and  was  complimented  in  general 
orders,  for  duty  performed  during  the  battle  of 
Nashville.  He  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer 
service  in  1865,  owing  to  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  enlistment,  and  was  transferred  to  the 
regular  army  in  the  capacity  of  Acting  Assist- 
ant Surgeon.  Governor  lirownlow  afterward 
appointed  him  Surgeon  General  of  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  and  General  Co,\,  who  was  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  later  designated  him  as  one  of 
three  surgeons  to  sujiervise  the  e.xamiuation  of 
pensionei-s  m  the  United  States.  President 
Grant  suli-eiiiiently  appointed  him  Assessor  of 
the  Fifth  District  of  Tennessee,  and  the  Doctor 
was  later  nominated  by  Governor  Bi'ownlow, 
and  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  to  the  office  of 
Clerical  Commissioner  of  Metropolitan  Police 


BISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


of  the  State.  After  the  rebel  Democracy 
gained  predoininence  in  Tennessee  the  sur- 
roundings became  "rather  tropical"  for  Dr. 
Sparling,  who  removed  to  Washington,  District 
of  Cuhimbia. 

In  1873  Dr.  Sparling  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast  under  orders  of  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  array  to  report  for  duty  to 
General  Jefferson  C.  Davis,  then  in  command 
of  the  Department  of  the  Columbia.  The 
Doctor  thereafter  served  as  Post  Surgeon  at 
Fort  Cape  Disappointment,  at  tlie  American 
garrison  on  San  Juan  island  and  at  Port  Town- 
send  until  1875,  when  he  resigned  from  the 
army. 

He  then  removed  to  Seattle,  AVashington, 
and  engaged  in  the  general  practice  of  medicine. 
In  1877  he  was  elected  Medical  Superintendent 
of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Steilacoom, 
but,  resigning  that  ofiice,  he  was  elected  Quar- 
ter-Master General  of  the  Territory.  In  1880 
he  was  appointed  Supervisor  of  the  Census  for 
the  Territory  by  President  Hayes,  and  per- 
formed tiie  duties  of  that  office  until  he  was 
designated  Register  of  the  United  States  Land 
OtMce  at  Vancouver,  Washington,  by  President 
Garfield,  to  whicii  he  was  re-appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Arthur,  and  promptly  resigned  when  Presi- 
dei;t  Cleveland  came  into  power. 

Dr.  Sparling  then  resumed  his  i>rivate  prac- 
tice in  Seattle,  which  he  discontinued  to  till  the 
ofiice  of  Appraiser  of  Tide  Lands,  which  [losi- 
tion  he  still  holds. 

The  lives  of  few  men  have  been  as  eventful 
and  lull  of  instruction,  as  an  object  lesson  of 
the  force  attending  right  and  persistent  effort, 
and  it  is  regretted  that  space  will  not  permit  a 
fuller  detail  of  its  incidents,  which  would  be  of 
value  to  young  and  old  alike  and  do  honor  to 
himself  and  the  great  State  of  his  adoption. 


CHARLES  A.  BILLINGS,  of  Olympia, 
Wasiiington,  is  the  eldest  son  of  William 
and  Mary  Ann  (Kandle)  Billings,  and 
was  born  on  the  Puyallup  reservation  in  1863, 
while  his  father  was  superintending  the  reser- 
vation. He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Olympia,  and  with  more  mature  years  assisted 
his  father  as  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Thurston  county. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed  United  States 
Inspector  of  Revenue,  connected  with  the  cus- 


tomhouse department,  at  Taconia,  and,  al- 
though very  successful  in  ferreting  out  and 
arresting  would-be  smugglers,  the  occupation 
was  not  pleasing  to  him,  and  after  one  year's 
service  he  resigned.  By  deed  from  his  father, 
he  became  owner  of  eighty  acres  of  land  adjoin- 
ing Tenino,  which  shows  croppings  of  blue  slate 
stone,  valuable  for  building  purposes.  About 
1888  George  Van  Tyne  and  Wesley  Fenton, 
practical  stone-cutters,  leased  a  portion  of  the 
above- mention  property  to  procure  stone  for 
building,  and  in  1890  Mr.  Billings  consolidated 
his  interests  w^ith  theirs  and  organized  the  Tenino 
Stone  Company.  This  company  has  developed 
the  quarry  and  demonstrated  the  limitless  sup- 
ply and  value  of  the  stone.  They  have  erected 
a  .'$36,000  plant,  with  the  latest  devices  for  saw- 
ing and  handling  stone  of  any  size  or  weight, 
their  derrick  being  of  forty  tons'  capacity:  they 
employ  a  force  of  fifty  men.  In  a  single  day 
they  have  cut  and  sawed  eight  car-loads  of  stone. 
They  donated  five  car-loads  of  stone  for  the  arch 
of  the  Washington  memorial  building  at  the 
world's  fair  in  Chicago. 

Mr  Billings  was  married  in  Olympia,  April 
26,  1892,  to  Miss  Gordon,  sister  of  Judge  M. 
J.  Gordon,  of  that  city. 

Socially,  Mr.  Billings  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.  He  is  a  man  of  thorough  business  qual- 
ifications, and  is  devoting  his  time  and  energy 
to  the  extension  of  his  valuable  quarry  interests. 


ILLIAM  K.  AND  DEWITT  C.  BRAW- 
LEY,  comprising  the  firm  of  Brawley 
W  Brothers,  of  Seattle,  were  born  on  a 
farm  near  Meadville,  Crawford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. Their  grandfather  was  a  Government 
employe,  and  was  connected  with  the  first  sur- 
vey of  western  Pennsylvania.  He  afterward 
settled  in  Crawford  county,  where  William 
Brawley,  the  father  of  our  subjects,  was  born, 
having  been  the  first  white  child  born  in  that 
county.  William  was  reared  on  a  farni,  and 
subsequently  married  Jane  Stuart,  a  native  of 
Erie  county,   Pennsylvania. 

William  R.  and  Dewitt  C.  remained  with 
their  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and 
then  started  for  the  oil  fields  of  Rocky  Nook, 
near  Drake's  well,  which  was  the  first  well  of 
the  district,  sunk  about  1860.  They  immedi- 
ately began  operations   in   sinking  wells,  using 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


tlie  primitive  metliod  of  spring  board  and  foot 
power  for  lifting  and  dropping  their  drill,  wliicL 
weighed  about  300  pounds.  The  modern  drill 
and  attachment  weight  about  3,500  pounds. 
They  started  with  very  little  cash,  but  with 
strength  of  body  and  fixedness  of  purpose  they 
leased  land  and -sunk  their  first  well  to  a  depth 
of  300  feet  without  striking  a  satisfactory  flow. 
Other  wells  were  then  sunk,  but  without  very 
satisfactory  results,  and  they  then  moved  to 
Moody's  Gulch  and  Pitt  Hole,  where  their  ef- 
forts were  crowned  with  success.  In  1887  the 
brothers  began  operations  near  Bowling  Green, 
Ohio,  and  there  purchased  the  famous  Ducat 
well,  which,  when  opened,  flowed  so  rapidly  that 
it  was  impossible  to  control  the  flow,  but  it  was 
later  estimated  at  200  barrels  per  hour.  Eight- 
een months  afterward  they  sold  tliis  well  to  the 
Standard  Oil  Company,  and  closed  their  opera- 
tions in  the  oil  districts.  In  1879  William  K. 
came  to  the  Territory  of  Washington,  looking 
for  advantageox;s  investment,  while  his  brother 
attended  to  the  oil  business.  In  1880  the 
former  began  purchasing  farm,  coal  and  timber 
lands,  and  in  1882  was  joined  by  Dewitt  C, 
who,  after  looking  over  tlie  country,  returned 
to  Pennsylvania  to  settle  the  unfinished  business 
of  the  firm.  In  1889  he  returned  to  Seattle  for 
pei'inunent  residence.  Meanwhile  William  R. 
had  been  making  purchases  and  attending  to 
improvements.  Brawley  Brothers  now  own  a 
farm  of  600  acres  on  Port  Susan  bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Stilliguamish  river.  This  was 
formerly  tide  flats,  and  by  dyking  has  been  re- 
claimed, and  is  now  very  productive  and  highly 
improved.  They  cut  annually  about  900  tons 
of  hay,  and  raise  about  10,000  bushels  of  oats. 
The  brothers  own  a  farm  of  300  acres  on  Hat 
slough,  eighty  aci-es  of  which  is  cultivated,  and 
they  also  own  400  acres  of  coal  lands  adjoining 
the  New  Castle  mines.  After  the  fire  of  June, 
1889,  they  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of 
brick  in  South  Seattle,  which  they  still  con- 
tinue in  fair  weather,  with  an  average  produc- 
tion of  15,000  per  day.  Brawley  addition  to 
Seattle  was  platted  and  sold  under  their  direc- 
tion, and  tliey  also  own  much  improved  and 
unimproved  property  in  the  city. 

William  R.  Brawley  was  married  in  Seattle, 
in  1882,  to  Miss  Gertrude  Parkhurst,  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  two  children.  Park 
and  Harold.  Dewitt  C.  Brawley  was  married 
in  Cambridge,  Pennsylvania,  in  1880,  to  Miss 
Ella  11.  Thomas,  a  native  of  that  State.     To  this 


union  has  been  born  one  child,  Lee  J.  The 
brothers  are  united  in  their  domestic  relations 
as  in  business  affairs,  and  reside  in  a  beautiful 
home  erected  by  William  R.,  on  the  corner  of 
Eleventh  and  Main  streets. 


rRED  W.  SPINNING,  who  has  a  nice 
farm  near  Sumner,  Pierce  county,  Wash- 
—  ington,  was  born  October  16,  1852,  near 
the  present  site  of  Claquato,  Washington,  a  mile 
and  a  half  west  of  Chehalis.  His  father,  C.  H. 
Spinning,  was  born  in  Indiana,  he  lived  at 
Claquato  from  1855  until  1856  during  the  In- 
dian war,  and  was  superintendent  of  the  Indian 
reservation  for  eleven  years,  teaching  the  Indians 
to  farm,  etc.  When  Fred  W.  was  two  years  old 
the  family  moved  to  Polk  county,  Oregon,  and 
three  years  later  to  Monmouth,  that  State.  In 
1858  they  came  to  Fern  Hill,  Washington,  four 
miles  south  of  Tacoma,  wliere  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  remained  until  1878.  During  the  fall  of 
that  year  he  took  up  his  abode  in  Stuck  valley, 
a  year  later  moved  to  Puyallup,  and  after  two 
years  and  a  half  spent  at  this  place  went  back 
to  Stuck  valley,  where  he  lived  for  six  years. 
His  next  move  was  to  liis  present  location. 
Here  he  owns  ninety-two  acres  of  land  (part  of 
which  is  known  as  the  Isaac  Woverly  donaticm 
claim),  his  attention  being  ilevoted  to  hop  cul- 
ture, gardening  and  fruit-gi-iiwing.  Fifty  acres 
of  his  land  are  under  cultivation. 

Mr.  Spinning  was  married,  in  1879,  to  Miss 
El  ma  A.  Baker.  They  had  eight  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living. 

Mr.  Spinning  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.   F. 


1-^ 


TfJfENRY    KISTENMACHER,    who    has 
Ir^j    been   indentifed   with    the   horticultural 
J     Ij.    interests    of    Sumner,  Washington,    for 
17  several  years,  is  one  of  the  thrifty,  suc- 

cessful men  of  the  town. 

He  was  born  in  Keil,  Holstein,  Germany, 
August  16,  1839,  eon  of  John  Kistenmacher,  a 
land  owner  and  retired  citizen  of  Germany. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  remained  in  his  na- 
tive land  until  1875,  when  he  came  to  America, 
accompanied  by  his  wife  and  three  children. 
He  married  Cristina  Derfs,  also  a  native  of  Ger- 


872 


niHTORT    OF    WASniNOTON. 


many,  in  1870,  and  four  weeks  after  his  mar- 
riage he  entered  the  German  army,  as  Colonel 
of  the  First  Company  of  Battalion  No.  85. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  America,  Mr.  Kisten- 
macher  went  first  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  he 
was  employed  by  the  firm  of  Lench  &  French, 
manufacturers  of  farm  machinery,  for  eight 
years.  His  eiBcieiit  services  were  appreciated 
by  the  firm  and  he  was  promoted  to  be  superin- 
tendent of  the  factory.  In  1884,  seeking  to  im- 
prove his  temporal  condition,  he  came  out  West 
to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  after  remaing  in  Port- 
land two  years  he  went  to  Tacoma.  Soon  after- 
ward he  came  to  Sumner  and  settled  on  a  farm, 
where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  raising  fruit 
and  bay. 


loSEPH  N.  FEENANDEZ  was  born  in 
l^]l  Xew  York  city  on  the  3d  of  April,  1854. 
^^  His  parents  were  Joseph  A.  and  Catherine 
(Mills)  Fernandez;  the  former  a  native  of  Mad- 
rid, Spain,  the  latter  of  England.  The  subject 
this  sketch  was  reared  and  educated  in  New 
York  and  there  learned  the  trade  of  plumber 
with  the  firm  of  Stephen  Philbin  &  Company. 
He  followed  this  business  in  New  York  until 
March,  1877,  when  he  left  to  go  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  and  remained  there  for  live 
years  of  which  time  he  followed  his  trade  of 
plumber  about  one  year,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  time  he  was  connected  with  the  tire  depart- 
ment. In  August  of  1881,  he  came  to  Puyal- 
lup,  Washington,  where  he  at  first  tried  to  es- 
tablish himself  in  the  plumbing  business,  but 
finally  abandoned  the  idea  and  engaged  in  hop- 
raising  in  partnership  with  C.  O.  Bean  on  the 
Young  place,  and  afterward  in  partnership  with 
his  father-in-law,  J.  V.  Meeker;  finally  starting 
in  business  for  himself  on  his  own  place  where 
he  has  twenty  acres  of  land,  twelve  of  which 
are  devoted  to  hops. 

Mr.  Fernandez  was  married  on  February  1, 
1883,  to  Miss  Maggie  Meeker,  daughter  of  J. 
V.  Meeker,  of  Fuyallnp,  and  they  have  three 
children  living,  viz.:  Lean  Meeker,  Percy  Val- 
entine, and  Kamon.  They  have  two  children 
dead. 

Mr.  Fernandez  is  a  member  of  Corinthian 
Lodge,  No.  38,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons, 
Puyallnp;  and  also  of  Puyallup  Chapter,  No. 
4,  Koyal  Arch  Masons;  also  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  0."F.,   Unity  Lodge,   No.   18,  and    of  Alki 


Encampment  No.  4,  I.  O.  0.  F.  He  is  also  in- 
terested in  the  fire  protection  of  Puyallup  and 
at  present  occupying  the  position  of  Chief  of 
the  volunteer  fire  departSient  of  that  town. 


ILLIAM  HARMAN.— The  subject  of 
the  following  brief  review  stands  as  one 
^  of  the  distinctively  representative  men 
of  Pierce  county,  and  is  well  worthy  of  consid- 
eration in  this  connection.  He  is  a  native  of 
England,  having  been  born  May  30,  1842,  at 
Cranbrook,  Kent  county,  about  forty  miles  froui 
London.  His  parents  were  Henry  and  Sarah 
(Morris)  Harman,  the  father  having  been  a  mil- 
ler by  trade,  but  having  also  followed  the  car- 
pentry business.  The  family  came  to  America 
in  1845  and  stopped  for  a  time  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  but  soon  removed  to  Lawrenceburg,  Indi- 
ana, where  the  devoted  mother  died,  when  Will- 
iam was  but  five  years  old.  They  subsequently 
lived  at  different  times  in  Petersburg,  Ken- 
tucky, CarroUton,  Kentucky;  Louisville,  on  the 
Indiana  side;  Brookville  and  Ashland,  Indiana, 
and  at  Rockville,  Dubuque  county,  Iowa,  the 
father  following  the  milling  business  during  tiie 
years  represented. 

Our  subject  lived  in  Rockville,  Iowa,  imtil 
1870,  when  he  removed  to  Page  county,  in  the 
same  State,  where  he  remained  until  1873,  when 
he  went  to  Smith  county,  Kansas.  There  he 
took  up  a  iiomestead  and  timber-culture  claim, 
of  which  he  cleared  about  eighty  acres  and  had 
the  same  under  cultivation  when  he  left  it  to 
pay  a  visit  to  his  i-elatives  in  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. He  arrived  in  Tacoma  May  6,  1877, 
having  left  his  wife  and  children  in  Kansas, 
where  they  had  expected  to  remain  for  one  year. 
They,  however,  joined  him  in  September  of  the 
same  year.  Mr.  Harman  remained  at  Puyallup, 
Washington,  for  one  year,  after  which  he  leased, 
for  a  term  of  five  years,  the  240-acre  farm  of 
Bird  Wright,  the  place  being  located  in  Pierce 
county,  nine  miles  fram  Puyallup.  He  remained 
upon  this  farm  for  four  years  and  then,  in  1881, 
purchased  of  Anton  Muller  a  farm  of  160  acres 
in  the  same  county,  about  forty  acres  of  the 
tract  being  located  within  the  corporate  limits 
of  the  present  thriving  town  of  Orting.  Mr. 
Harman  moved  to  his  farm  in  February,  1882, 
and  there  has  since  maintained  his  home.  He 
retains    about    ninety    acres    of    the    original 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


purchase,  and  has  sixty  acres  under  effective 
cultivation,  devoted  to  general  fanning.  He 
also  owns  another  tract  of  eighty  acres  in  town- 
ship 18,  section  20,  Tierce  county. 

Mr.  Ilartnan  was  married,  in  Page  county, 
Iowa,  October  13,  1872,  to  Miss  Malissa  Jack- 
son, daughter  of  Steven  V.  and  Mary  A. (Reed) 
Jackson.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  have  two 
children:      Harry  and  Icey. 

Mr.  Harman  is  a  meuil)er  of  Orting  Lodge, 
No.  G3,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  which  he  has  been  Ciiap- 
lain  and  Secretary.  He  is  a  Trustee  and  Elder 
in  the  Orting  Christian  Church  and  stands  as 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Pierce  county,  with  the 
development  and  best  interests  of  which  he  has 
been  most  closely  and  conspicuously  identified. 
His  efforts  in  securing  the  location  of  the  State 
Soldier's  Home  at  Orting  were  indefatigable, 
while  his  financial  contributions  were  of  gener- 
ous order.  He  has  been  a  Republican  all  his 
life  and  has  held  official  preferments  in  the  gift 
of  his  party.  He  was  one  of  the  stockholders 
directors  in  the  First  Bank  of  Orting,  and  no 
resident  of  the  locality  has  contributed  a  larger 
proportionate  quota  to  the  general  prosperity  of 
the  place. 


--^€@:0** 


P)HILIP  METZLER,  one  of  the  early  resi- 
dents and  prominent  citizens  of  Tacoma, 
Washington,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born 
in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  September  21,  184i, 
son  of  Jacob  and  Eliza  Cathei-ine  (Weller) 
Metzler. 

When  Mr.  Metzler  was  six  years  old  his  par- 
ents emigrated  with  their  family  to  America, 
and  in  1851  located  in  Chicago.  There  lie  was 
reared  and  educated.  After  serving  as  an  office 
boy  in  the  city  for  some  time,  he  went  into  a 
nursery  to  learn  that  business.  He  had  been  in 
this  nursery  about  one  year  when  the  war  broke 
out,  and  his  brother,  who  was  a  tinner,  left  a 
good  situation,  and  this  place  Philip  took.  He 
then  devoted  all  his  energies  to  learning  the 
tinner's  trade,  and  for  four  years  remained  in 
the  same  shop,  which  was  on  South  Canal  street, 
near  Van  Buren.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
went  to  St.  Paul,  making  the  trip  on  the  ice 
from  La  Crosse  to  Winona,  thence  to  Kasson  by 
rail,  from  there  to  Fairibault  by  stage,  and  the 
rest  of  the  way  by  rail  and  stage.  In  St.  Paul 
he  remained   about  ten  years,  and  during  the 


most  of  that  time  worked  at  his  trade,  although 
for  a  while  he  was  in  business  for  himself.  His 
next  move  was  to  Grand  Forks,  Dakota.  He 
was  the  first  tinner  in  the  Territory  north  of 
Fargo,  and  in  all  the  distance  to  the  British 
line,  1,250  miles,  there  was  not  another.  In 
partnership  with  a  man  named  W.  H.  Brow^i, 
he  established  a  tin  and  hardware  business,  and 
also  handled  sash,  doors,  etc.,  their  combined 
capital  being  $1,500,  and  in  six  months  they 
were  doing  a  wholesale  business,  their  trade  ex- 
tending far  up  and  down  the  lied  river,  and  in- 
to the  British  possessions.  They  purchased 
their  goods  at  wholesale  rates  in  St.  Paul,  and 
could  sell  in  competition  with  St.  Paul  houses. 
This  enterprise,  known  as  the  Pioneer  Hard- 
ware Store,  they  conducted  together  for  three 
years  and  three  months,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time,  Mr.  Metzler  disposed  of  his  interests,  he 
having  in  the  meantime  embarked  in  other 
business  enterprises  on  an  extensive  scale. 

In  1882  Mr.  Metzler  came  out  to  Washing- 
ton. His  first  venture  liere  was  in  the  purchase 
of  a  large  dairy  ranch  east  of  the  mountains, 
seven  miles  from  Waitsburg,  on  the  Texas  ferry 
road,  in  Columbia  county,  buying  it  from  the 
0.  1{.  &  iM.  Company;  but  this  property  he 
afterward  sold.  His  family  in  the  meantime 
were  in  Tacoma,  and  he  joined  them  here  and 
located  permanently.  In  partnership  with 
Captain  Burns,  he  started  the  first  water  works 
in  the  citj',  taking  the  water  from  tiie  springs 
to  supply  only  the  Grand  Central  hotel  at  first, 
but  alterward  supplying'  other  customers  as 
well.  About  two  years  later  they  sold  out  to 
the  Tacoma  Light  and  Water  Company.  Mr. 
Metzler  and  Mr.  Burns  were  not  only  associated 
together  in  their  water  enterprise,  but  that  same 
year,  1883,  they  also  opened  a  brick  yard  on 
Pacific  avenue,  where  the  National  13aiik  of 
Commerce  now  stands,  and  this  brick  yard  they 
operated  one  year.  In  the  same  year  Mr,  Metz- 
ler and  S.  M.  Nolan  built  the  Grand  Central 
hotel.  The  following  year  Mr.  Metzler  and 
Captain  Burns  erected  a  two-story  brick  block 
adjoining  the  present  site  of  the  bank  above 
mentioned.  The  steam  laundry  was  started  by 
a  company,  and  on  account  of  complications  it 
became  necessary  for  Mr.  Metzler  to  take  it,  in 
preserving  his  own  interests;  and  this  he  op- 
erated for  six  or  eight  months  before  he  was 
able  to  dispose  of  it.  He  also  inaugurated  a 
sawmill  enterprise  at  Buckley,  but  sold  the 
machinery  and  plant  before  it  commenced  op- 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


erations.  He  is  interested  in  mining  enter- 
prises in  tlie  Okanogan  country,  and  has  invest- 
ments in  and  about  Tacoma  as  well,  among 
them  the  Puget  Sound  Dressed  Beef  and 
Packing  Company,  and  the  Commencement 
Bay  Improvement  Company.  In  1882  he 
built  his  first  residence  in  Tacoma,  at  the  corner 
of  Yakima  avenue  and  Nineteenth  street,  his  in- 
tention being  to  subsequently  utilize  the  build- 
ing as  a  barn;  but  he  disposed  of  it  two  years 
later.  JN'ext,  he  bought  and  built  on  Fifteenth 
street  and  Tacoma  avenue.  This  part  of  the 
city  was  then  in  the  woods  and  all  about  him 
was  dense  forest,  and  the  clearing  and  improv- 
ing of  it  involved  not  only  a  heavy  expense  but 
also  a  great  amount  of  hard  labor.  From  the 
above  it  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Metzler  has  been 
intimately  connected  with  the  development  of 
Tacoma,  and  that  he  is  still  interested  in  its 
further  progress.  In  1889,  he  built  a  §10,000 
residence  on  the  corner  of  North  E  and  Third 
streets. 

He  was  married  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  May 
20,  1869,  to  Miss  Louise  Greve,  a  native  of 
Mfcklenburg,  Germany,  who  came  to  America 
when  a  child  of  iive  years  with  her  parents  and 
was  i-eared  in  this  country.  She  is  a  daughter 
of  Louis  and  Johanna  (Graff)  Greve,  who  la- 
cated  near  Dunkirk,  New  York,  upon  their  ar- 
rival here.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Metzler  liave  live 
children,  viz.:  Minnie  E.,  Clara  Louise,  Frances 
C,  Ettie  lone,  and  Louie  Alice. 


'|r\R.  J.  S.  WIN TERMUTE,  Tacoma, Wash- 
I  J  i"gton,  was  born  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota, 
^^'  April  27,  1860,  son  of  Peter  P.  Winter- 
mute,  one  of  the  early  residents  of  St.  Paul. 
The  Wintermutes  have  long  been  residents  of 
America,  the  progenitor  of  the  family  in  this 
country  having  settled  in  New  Jersey  in  1736. 
When  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  a  mere 
child,  his  parents  removed  from  St.  Paul  to 
Canada,  where  he  was  reared,  receiving  his  edu- 
cation at  Weston  Academy.  His  tastes  dnd 
inclinations  were  in  the  direction  of  the  medical 
profession,  and  at  an  early  age  he  began  reading 
with  a  view  of  familiarizing  himself  with  its 
rudiments.  In  1880  he  began  attending  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Mich- 
igan, Ann  Arbor,  and  after  two  years  spent  at 
thiit  place,  he  entered    Rush   Medical    College, 


Chicago,  where  he  graduated  in  1883.  He  then 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and,  after  a  brief  stay 
in  San  Francisco,  proceeded  to  Tacoma,  wliere 
he  opened  an  ofiice,  established  himself  in  prac- 
tice, and  soon  became  a  leading  member  of  the 
profession.  He  was  one  of  the  first  members  of 
the  Pierce  County  Medical  Society,  and  was  one 
of  tiie  prime  movers  in  organizing  tiie  Washing- 
ton State  Medical  Society,  founded  in  1889. 
For  eight  years,  beginning  with  1888.  he  was 
associate  physician  to  the  Fanny  Paddock 
Memorial  Hospital. 

Dr.  Wintermute  was  married  in  1888  to  Miss 
Florence  K.  Jones,  of  Olympia,  Washington. 
PVaternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Uniform 
Rank,  Knights  of  Pythias. 

Although  a  young  man  in  years,  Dr.  Winter- 
mute  is  one  of  the  oldest  practicing  physicians 
in  Tacoma,  from  the  standpoint  of  titneof  prac- 
tice here.  Of  him  it  may  be  said  that  he  has 
always  been  a  thinker  in  the  line  of  development 
of  his  profession,  and  ever  remained  a  close 
student,  keeping  in  touch  with  the  great  pro- 
gress made  in  the  science  of  medicine.  As  a 
citizen  of  Tacoma.  he  has  always  been  prominent 
and  active,  and  is  reckoned  among  those  who 
have  stood  by  the  city  in  days  of  good  fortune 
and  adversity  alike,  and  helped  to  build  it  up  to 
its  present  proportions  and  prominence. 

D\R.  GEORGE  C.WAGNER,  is  one  of  the 
j  representative  physicians  of  Tacoma,  and 
a  man   of  the    highest    standing    in   his 

profession. 

He  is  a  native  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
born  at  Dickinson's  Landing,  Ontario,  on  No-, 
vember  8,  1859,  his  parents  being  Dr.  William 
H.  and   Margaret  E.  (Dixon)  Wagner. 

His  elementary  education  was  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  and  in  the  (Cornwall  high 
school,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years,  by 
diligence  and  close  application  to  study,  he  had 
progressed  far  enough  to  admit  of  taking  up 
the  study  of  medicine,  which  he  designed  to 
make  his  lite  occupation. 

He  matriculated  at  McGiH  University,  and 
after  taking  the  course  required  by  that  old  in- 
stitutioti,  which  ranks  among  the  first  on  this 
continent,  he  graduated  with  honor  in  the  class 
of  1881.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  his  birthplace  in    Ontario, 


HT  STORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


where  he  remained  until  1888,  at  which  time 
he  remuved  to  Tactmia.  He  is  thoroughly 
identified  with  the  interests  of  the  city  of  liis 
choice,  and  in  his  profession  is  one  of  its  ablest 
exponents. 

In  1893  he  was  married  to  Miss  Heartie 
Griggs,  daugliter  of .  Crandall  C.  W.  Griggs, 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  Nortliwest. 

Dr. Wagner  is  a  member  of  the  Pierce  County 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  AVashington  State 
Medical  Society,  and  since  1891,  he  has  been 
Secretary  of  the  latter  body.  Few  men  have 
taken  as  deep  an  interest  in  medical  affairs  or 
cotitributed  more  fully  to  all  which  pertains  to 
the  welfare  of  the  profession,  and  few  are  more 
justly  deserving  of  the  gratitude  of  the  people 
than  Dr.  Wagner. 

E'aKLE  &  ENGELBRECHT.— This  man- 
ufacturing firm,  composed  of  Alfred  Earle 
1  and  R.T.Engelbrecht,  represent  the  lead- 
ing boat-building  interest  of  Seattle.  Their  fac- 
tory is  located  on  Lake  Washington,  near  Madi- 
son street,  is  two  stories  high,  80x80  feet,  and 
fully  equipped  with  the  latest  improved  facili- 
ties to  transact  the  finest  quality  of  boat-build- 
ing, in  yachts,  steam  launches,  canoes  and  boats 
of  all  sizes  and  descriptions. 

Mr.  Earle,  the  business  manager  of  the  firm, 
is  a  native  of  Liverpool,  and  came  to  (California 
about  1889.  Prifir  to  the  present  partnership 
he  was.  connected  with  Mr.  Engelbiecht  in 
n)ining  interests  on  the  Stickeen  river. 

Mr.  Engelbiecht,  the  practical  member  of  the 
firm,  was  bi)ni  in  San  Francisco,  California, 
November  23,  1868,  a  son  of  Herman  Engel- 
brecht,  a  native  of  Germany.  The  latter  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1859,  and  in  the  following 
year  located  in  San  Francisco,  where  he  subse- 
quently became  extensively  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  tobacco  and  cigars.  li.  T.  En- 
gelbrecht  made  several  trips  to  Germany  in  his 
boyhood,  and  attended  school  in  Dresden,  but 
completed  his  education  at  Santa  Clara  College 
and  St.  Ignatius  College,  California,  graduating 
at  the  latter  institution  in  1885.  He  then  entered 
on  his  boatbuilding  experience  with  George  W. 
Kneass,  of  San  Francisco,  where  he  remained 
five  years,  and  during  that  time  also  took  lessons 
in  drawing  from  F.  S.  Shields,  the  leading 
draughtsman    at    Mare    Island    navy   yard,  and 


later  with  the  Union  Iron  Works.  Mr.  Engel- 
brecht  was  a  faithful  and  diligent  student,  and 
has  made  a  fine  reputation  in  modeling  and 
building  canoes.  In  1887  he  built  a  sailing 
canoe  sixteen  feet  long  and  three-loot  beam, 
which  he  entered  at  the  Mechanics'  Fair  in  San 
Francisco,  and  received  a  diploma  and  bronze 
medal.  His  work  has  received  many  of  the  first 
prizes  in  competitive  races  on  the  water. 

In  1889  Messrs.  Earle  and  Engelbrecht  en- 
gaged in  mining  on  the  Stickeen  river,  Alaska, 
which  they  continued  two  seasons,  but  without 
material  success.  In  November,  1891,  they 
formed  their  present  co-partnership,  erected 
their  boat-house,  and,  against  strong  competi- 
tion, have  biiilt  an  extensive  and  lucrative  busi- 
ness, which  was  founded  upon  scientific  knowl- 
edge, conscientiously  observed.  Their  ability 
to  turn  out  fine  work  has  promoted  the  interest 
in  pleasure-boating,  and  tlie  firm  are  now  em 
ploying  from  ten  to  twenty-five  men  in  the  con- 
struction of  every  variety  of  pleasure  craft.  The 
establishment  embraces  a  complete  steam  and 
electric  plant,  with  facilities  for  nickel-plating 
all  of  their  yacht  fittings.  They  build  light  and 
heavy  boats  for  sail  and  steam  purposes,  and 
have  received  contracts  from  the  Government 
for  two  revenue  lannches.  The  firm  have  estab- 
lished a  fine  reputation,  with  a  bright  promise 
for  a  successful  future. 


ALVIN  G.  SHAW,  a  prosperous  and 
progressive  citizen  of  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  has  the  distinction  of  claim- 
ing the  same  birth-place  as  the  illustrious  Daniel 
Webster,  the  spot  being  Salisbury,  New  Hamp- 
shire; there  he  first  saw  the  light  of  day  in 
1843,  and  grew  to  maturity  surro'Mided  by  the 
wholesome  influences  of  simple  New  England 
life.  His  parents,  Abraham  and  Hannah  (Fifield) 
Shaw,  were  also  natives  of  New  Hampshire  and 
descendants  of  the  sturdy  and  honored  cololiists 
of  the  new  world.  Calvin  G.  is  the  ninth  of  a 
family  of  ten  children;  when  his  school  days 
were  ended  he  was  variously  occupied  until  he 
was  twenty-two  years  of  age;  this  was  the  turn- 
ing-point, and  the  beginning  of  a  useful  career. 
Atti-acted  by  the  many  promising  reports  of  the 
great  West,  he  started  out  in  pursuit  of  the 
fortune  the  new  and  untried  country  might 
have  in  store  for  him.    He  went  to  Clay  county. 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Dakota,  and  for  twenty-three  years  resided 
there;  he  was  Postmaster  of  the  town  of  Ver- 
million for  a  number  of  years,  and  represented 
the  people  of  the  coiinty  as  Clerk  for  a  term  of 
two  years. 

He  was  married,  while  ai  resident  of  that 
State,  to  Miss  Abby  Langhton,  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Maine;  this  event  was  solemnized  Sep- 
tember 1,  1872.  They  have  had  born  to  them 
two  children,  Leon  A.  and  G.  L. 

Mr.  Shaw  identified  himself  witli  the  citizens 
of  Clarke  county  in  1889,  and  is  now  living  in 
a  beautiful  home  in  Fruit  valley,  just  outside 
the  city  limits  of  Vancouver.  He  purchased 
this  place  twelve  years  ago,  when  making  a 
visit  in  the  State,  and  twelve  years  of  industry 
and  thrifty  management  have  wrought  a  change 
that  reflects  great  credit  upon  the  owner;  he 
has  twenty-four  acres,  twenty  of  which  are  de- 
voted to  fruit  culture;  the  varieties  of  prune 
embrace  the  Italian,  French  and  Silver,  and  two 
acres  of  Bartlett  pears  yield  a  most  profuse 
harvest.  Mr.  Shaw  dries'  his  entire  prune  pro- 
duct, the  estimate  of  his  crop  for  1893  being 
twenty  tons. 

The  political  questions  of  the  day  present  an 
interesting  subject  to  Mr.  Sliaw,  and  he  views 
them  as  an  ur compromising  Eepuhlican.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  belonging  to 
the  blue  lodge  and  chapter.  He  is  a  man  of 
untiring  energy,  and  has  done  much  to  further 
the  industries  of  the  community  where  he  has 
been  heartily  welcomed  as  a  citizen. 


SAAC  W.  ROWLAND,  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  and  successful  business  men  ot 
Lewisville,  Clarke  county,  is  fully  entitled 
to  the  space  that  has  been  accorded  him  in  this 
history.  He  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Indiana, 
born  August  28,  1837,  and  a  son  of  AVilliam 
and  Clarissa  (Rnndell)  Rowland:  the  father  was 
born  in  the  old  Keystone  State  in  the  year  1800, 
and  the  mother  was  a  native  of  New  York 
Slate.  The  Rowlands  emigrated  from  Wales 
to  America;  Griffith  Rowland,  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  kept  the  first  hotel 
on  the  old  stage  road  near  the  summit  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains.  Isaac  W.  is  the  fourth 
of  a  family  of  thirteen  children;  he  remained  at 
home  and" assisted  in  the  labors  of  the  farm  un- 
til he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  turned 


his  attention  to  teaching.  The  great  Civil  war 
soon  broke  in  upon  his  professional  work,  and 
the  voice  of  duty  called  him  to  the  battle-field; 
he  enlisted  in  18()2  in  the  Seventy- eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  one  year; 
early  in  1864  he  re-enlisted  in  the  Seventh 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  did  not  lay  down 
arms  until  the  welcome  declaration  of  peace. 
He  resumed  teaching,  but  after  his  removal  to 
Jefferson  City,  Missouri,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  agriculture. 

Attracted  by  the  superior  climate  and  pro- 
ductive soil  of  the  coast  States  Mr.  Rowland 
came  to  Oregon  in  1880;  two  years  later  he 
purchased  property  near  Lewisville,  Washing- 
ton; the  tract  consisted  of  eighty  acres,  and  he 
took  up  a  homestead  of  eighty  acres,  and  to  this 
he  has  since  added  by  purchase  thirty-seven 
acres;  he  has  twenty-live  acres  under  good  cul- 
tivation, and  has  an  excellent  orchard  for  fam- 
ily use. 

He  was  appointed  Postmaster  in  1882,  and 
has  since  held  the  position;  possessing  good 
executive  ability  he  manages  the  business  of 
the  office  with  great  precision  to  the  least  de- 
tail. He  is  an  ardent  advocate  of  temperance 
reform,  and  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  educa- 
tional matters;  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
School  Board  a  number  of  years,  and  in  this  ca- 
pacity has  been  able  to  carry  out  some  cherished 
plans  that  have  done  much  to  elevate  the  stand- 
ard both  of  teachers  and  pupils. 

He  was  married  in  Pennsylvania,  May  23, 
1865,  to  Miss  Susan  B.  Neville,  whose  death 
occurred  August  14,  1870;  one  child  was  born 
of  this  union,  a  son  named  Harry  B.  Mr.  Row- 
land was  married  a  second  time,  February  28. 
1871,  to  M  rs.  Mary  E.  Colyer,  nee  Manes.  They 
are  the  parents  of  three  children:  Edwin  L., 
Edgar  J.  and  Cora  R. 

The  mercantile  business  of  which  Mr.  Row- 
land is  the  head  was  established  in  1885;  he 
started  with  a  small  capital,  but  a  large  patron- 
age soon  placed  his  establishment  in  the  front 
ranks,  and  he  is  regarded  as  a  most  valuable 
addition  to  commercial  circles  in  Clarke  county. 
The  upper  part  of  the  building  he  occupies  is 
used  as  a  city  hall,  and  affords  a  place  for  en- 
tertainments and  the  meeting  of  local  societies. 
Mr.  Rowland  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Lewisville  Lodge,  No.  97,  which  was  organized 
May  2,  1891. 

The  unlimited  quantities  of  a  substance  called 
land  plaster,  found  near  Lewisville,  promise  a 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


new  source  of  income  to  the  county,  this  ma- 
terial is  being  tested  as  a  fertilizer,  and  Mr.  Row- 
land has  given  his  personal  attention  to  the  ex- 
periments; should  it  prove  a  valuable  fertilizer 
its  cheaj/:  ^    ifuclf-  '■'■  -"-^  ,,f  the  most  de- 

sirable ',■ 


n 


the  Nevada  State  militia,  during  the  rebellion. 

In   1867   and    1868,  he    practiced    medicine   at 

Crystal  Peak,  Nevada,  and  in  1868  and  1869  he 

was   similarly  engaged    at  Truckee,  California. 

In  the  spring  of  1870,  he   removed  to  Vallejo, 

—iiore.  he  practiced  until  the  fall  of 

dt  which  tinio  he  came  to  Seattle, 

..-;  L.I.S  ever  since  resided.     Seattle  was 

aen    a   hamlet   of    1,100    injople,   with    small 

pro«Ttf«t  i'f    if^    present   flourishing   condition, 

'  ■      ''•     '      :    (rivaled    location, 

1    the   belief  that 

.■elop  into  a  large 

lanent  settlement 

lid   and   began    a 

iig  the  difficulties 

ies  of  the  case,  he 

2  infirmary  at  Se- 

he  sufferings  of  the 

aere  with  a  hospital 

county,  this  being 

;i,-n!~r   'V-!.  1  ,;i'  .  •  ■    i^ron    in    that   direction. 

i^his  is  but  one  of  his  many  contributions  to  the 

vilili"  welfare,  dev'^tion  t)  which  is   one  of  his 


liviPi 

Dr 

reoi:: 


vJaiiforiiici,   ^.  . 
iy  a  3'ear. 
iie  Washoe   ■ 
Weed  went   t- 
inn  at  Washoe  ( 

'V- Woedwa^o 
•f  .Major,  a 
■.lOiieral    Sli 


ajor  of  Seattle,  and 
:   duties   incumbent 
3d   to  succeed  him- 
xs  marked  by  pains- 
.  istitution    of    many 
■s,  which  gained  the 
1   citizens,  irrespect- 
iipathies  have  been 
including    not  only 
idition  of  the  people, 
educational  advance- 
's he  has  contributed 
extent  of  his  ability, 
nt  of  the  Territorial 
and  welfare  of  which 
his  mind  and  hejirt. 
ers   and   founders  of 
iety,  which  came  into 
0  ditiiulties  of  travel, 
until  1879.     It  was 
Weed   as  President, 
has  since  tilled  nearly 
I,  which    was    subse- 
.  ;    .  ,  .  .  .       ;ate  Medical   Society, 
members    i)eing    termed    charter 
ilie    new  association.     Dr.  Weed 
.,-.,,   •.    .■,..,   organization   of  the 
ety,'"in  1888,  of  vvliicli 
esident. 


878 


UISTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Politically,  the  Doctor  was  originally  an  ar- 
dent Abolitionist  and  aggressively  opposed  to 
human  slavery.  He  supported  the  Eepublican 
presidential  candidates  Irom  Fremont  to  Gar- 
field, but  since  then  has  voted  with  the  Prohi- 
bitionists. 

In  October,  1857,  Dr.  Weed  was  married,  in 
New  York  city,  to  Miss  Adeline  M.  Willis,  a 
lady  of  education  and  retinenient,  formerly  of 
Marion,  Iowa,  who  has  been  a  helpmeet  in  every 
sense  of  the  word,  sharing  his  frontier  hard- 
ships, and  contributing  to  his  present  prosperity. 
They  have  two  children:  Benjamin  and  Mabel, 
both  noM'  attending  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Dr.  Weed's  professional  life  has  been  attended 
by  an  extensive  and  successful  practice.  His 
influence  is  ever  exerted  on  the  side  of  material 
and  moral  advancement,  and  his  efforts  are  as- 
sured in  enterprises  which  tend  toward  the 
development  of  his  adopted  city. 


d'OIIN  F.  SlIEEHAN,  one  of  the  oldest 
business  men  of  Port  Townsend,  was  born 
—  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1840,  a  son  of 
James  and  Mary  (Hogan)  Sheehan,  natives  of 
Ireland.  The  father  died  in  1841,  and  the 
widow  and  two  sons,  our  subject  being  the 
youngest  in  order  of  birth,  then  visited  Ireland. 
One  year  later  John  F.  returned  to  America, 
and  was  reared  by  his  uncle,  Jerry  Hogan,  at 
!New  Orleans.  In  1856,  when  but  a  mere  boy, 
he  started  out  in  the  world  for  his  self-support, 
and  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  via  the  Nicaragua 
route,  in  the  summer  of  that  year.  His  first 
ambition  was  to  engage  in  mining,  but  after  a 
brief  experience  at  that  work  he  returned  to 
San  Francisco,  where  he  was  engaged  in  various 
occupations,  a  portion  of  the  time  having  been 
employed  as  assistant  tinner,  thus  laying  the 
foundation  for  his  later  business  connection. 
With  the  Fraser  river  gold  excitement  of  1858, 
young  Sheehan  came  to  Pnget  Sound,  and 
thence  to  the  mines,  where  he  spent  eighteen 
months  of  hard  labor  and  exposure  without 
equivalent  compensation.  He  next  located  in 
Port  Townsend,  and  since  that  time  has  been 
engaged  in  the  hardware  business.  In  1863 
Mr.  Sheehan  purchased  his  present  business  site 
on  Water  street,  and  erected  a  fra.me  building, 
where   he  conducted    his  store  until  1888.     In 


that  year  he  built  his  present  brick  block. 
Commencing  business  with  tinware  and  stoves, 
his  stock  has  since  been  increased  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  the  people,  and  to  which  he  has 
since  added  hardware  and  plumbing  goods. 
Mr.  Sheehan  served  two  years  as  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  of  Port  Townsend,  and  in 
1882  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Jefferson  county, 
which  position  he  has  held  with  satisfaction  to 
the  citizens  and  with  credit  to  himself  for  tiiree 
successive  terms.  In  November,  1892,  he  was 
elected  Assessor  of  this  county,  and  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  the  otKce  in  the  following 
January. 

At  Port  Townsend,  in  1865,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  L.  Loftus, 
a  native  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  They  have 
seven  living  children:  Rose  M.,  James  A.,  John 
F.,  Paul  M.,  Ursula  H.,  Frank  L.  and  ReginaR. 
Foi-  about  thirty  years  Mr.  Sheehan  has  con- 
ducted a  lucrative  and  successful  business,  has 
acquired  much  valuable  proj)erty,  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  development  of  the 
city,  and  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Commercial  Bank.  He  has  reared  his  family  in 
the  Catholic  faith,  all  being  members  of  that 
church,  in  which  lie  has  served  as  Trustee  for 
many  years. 


l-^i^^-E^^- 


17^1  IGHT    REV.   JOHN    ADAMS   PAD- 
'^    1)0CX,_D.  D.,  Bisiiop  of  the  jurisdic- 


J  »^  'ion  of  Olympia,  who  for  the  past  forty- 
■^  four  years   has   been    a   minister  of  the 

gospel  and  engaged  in  enlightening  and  uplift- 
ing humanity,  was  born  in  Norwich,  Connecti- 
cut, January  19,  1825.  His  father.  Rev.  Seth 
B.  Paddock,  was  for  many  years  rector  of 
Christ  Church  in  Norwich,  and,  like  his  wife, 
Emily,  nee  Flagg,  was  of  New  England  birth, 
their  ancestors  having  settled  in  America  in  an 
early  day,  and  played  an  important  part  in  her 
history. 

The  present  Bishop  of  AVashington  was  reared 
in  his  native  city,  and  received  liis  preliminary 
education  in  her  excellent  schools,  completing 
his  studies  at  Trinity  College,  in  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut. He  was  ordained  to  the  diaconate  at 
Cheshii-e,  that  State,  by  Bishop  Brownell,  on 
July  22,  1849,  and  ordained  to  the  priesthood 
in  Stratford,  the  same  State,  on  April  30,  1850, 
by  the  same  Bishop. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


879 


In  October,  1849,  he  became  vector  of  Clirist 
Chiircli  at  Stratford,  and  in  April,  1855,  rector 
of  St.  Peter's  Cliurch  in  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
reniaiiiincr  in  the  latter  place  nearly  twenty-six 
years,  or  until  elected  Missionary  Bishop  of 
Washington  Territory  at  the  General  Convention 
in  October,  1880.  He  was  consecrated  in  St. 
Peter's  Church,  Brooklyn,  on  December  15  of 
the  same  year,  by  Bishops  Benjamin  B.  Smith, 
11.  Porter  and  B.  H.  Paddock  (his  brother), 
Bishop  Stevens  preaching  the  sermon. 

Bisliop  Paddock's  residence  is  now  at  Taco- 
ma,  where  nnder  his  supervision  there  has  been 
erected  a  school  for  boys  and  another  for  girls, 
and  also  a  hospital,  all  of  which  are,  to  a  certain 
extent,  endowed.  The  missionary  jurisdiction 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  Wash- 
ington was  divided  at  tlie  last  General  Conven- 
tion into  the  dioceses  of  Olympia  and  Spokane, 
Bishop  Paddock  taking  the  former,  embracing 
the  western  portion  of  the  State. 

April  23,  1856,  Bishop  Paddock  was  married 
to  Miss  Fanny  C.  Fanning,  of  Hudson,  New 
York,  who,  in  their  twenty-live  years  of  wedded 
life,  was  to  iiim  a  faithfnl  connselor  and  friend. 
Mrs.  Paddock  died  at  Portland,  Oregon,  April 
19,  1881,  when  en  route  to  their  new  home  in 
Washington  Territory.  Bishop  Paddock  has 
five  children  living:  Addie;  Mills,  of  the  United 
States  army;  Fanny,  now  Mrs.  J.  M.  Miller,  of 
Tacoma;  Robert,  in  Trinity  College,  at  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  studying  for  the  ministry; 
Ellie  and  Florence,  at  home. 

Bishop  Paddock's  life  has  been  one  of  con- 
tinned  activity  and  usefulness,  spent  in  pre- 
paring for  or  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
the  ministry,  of  which  he  is  one  of  the  most 
faithful  and  efficient  servants,  his  labors  having 
been  blessed  heyond  his  most  ardent  expecta- 
tions, to  the  glory  of  the  cause  and  the  spread 
of   universal  truth. 


JOSEPH  CONN  ELL,  a  leading  spirit  of 
Tnnnvater,  Washington,  of  which  he  is  an 
honored  pioneer,  was  born  in  Wayne  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  June  11,  1820.  His  parents,  Bela 
Smith  and  Jane  (McClaran)  Council,  were  na- 
tives of  New  York  State  and  Pennsylvania,  re- 
spectively. Of  their  children,  three  sons  are 
now   living:  John   Connell,    in    California,   and 


Marion,  residing  in  Butte,  Montana,  both  mar- 
ried and  having  families;  and  Joseph,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  They  removed  to  Ohio  in 
an  early  day  and  thence,  in  1838,  to  Michigan 
City,  La  Porte  C')unty,  Indiana,  then  on  the  ex- 
treme frontier.  They  were  persons  of  intelli- 
gence, energy  and  high  moral  character,  typical 
pioneers,  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  of  those 
wh(5  planted  the  early  seeds  of  civilization  in 
the  western  wilds. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  assisting  in  home  duties  during  the  sum- 
mer months  and  attending  the  pioneer  schools 
in  winter.  He  was  eighteen  years  of  age  when 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  their  new  home 
in  Indiana,  where  he  resided  until  1844,  at 
which  time  he  went  to  New  Buffalo,  Berrien 
county,  Michigan.  The  immediate  cause  of  his 
emigration  to  the  Peninsular  State  was  owing 
to  his  inability  to  obtain  a  marriage  license  in 
Indiana,  and  he,  with  his  intended  iielpmate, 
went  to  Michigan,  where  no  license  was  required. 
The  young  couple  renuiined  in  New  Buffalo  un- 
til 1853,  when  I)eing  induced  by  a  spirit  of  ad- 
venture and  tlie  liberal  grants  of  land  given  by 
the  Government  to  actual  settlers  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  Mr.  Connell  and  his  wife  started  west- 
ward l)y  ox  teams  across  the  plains  to  Washing- 
ton Territory.  Their  first  permanent  camp  was 
made  in  the  fall  of  that  year  on  Ikish  prairie, 
in  Thurston  county,  that  Territory.  They  re- 
mained there  but  a  short  time,  removing,  in 
October,  1853,  to  what  was  then  known  as  New 
Market,  now  called  Tumwater,  Washington. 
Mr.  Connell  here  bought  property  and  built  a 
hotne,  entering  the  hunber  business  as  an  em- 
ploye of  Ward  and  Hays,  owners  of  a  large  saw- 
mill at  the  falls  of  Tumwater.  He  was  thus 
engaged  in  1855,  when  the  gold  excitement 
commenced  in  the  mines  at  Colville,  Washing- 
ton, whither  he  went,  leaving  his  wife  in  Tum- 
water. He  remained  at  the  mines  but  a  short 
time,  however,  as  the  Indians  were  on  the  war 
path,  and  it  was  considered  unsafe  in  that  lo- 
cality. Accordingly,  in  1856,  he  returned  to 
his  hotrie  in  Tumwater,  and  since  then  has  not 
only  never  been  out  of  the  county,  but  has  never 
been  away  from  Tumwater.  He  owns  a  com- 
fortable home,  a  large  orchard  and  flourishing 
garden,  and  is  numbered  among  the  most  sub- 
stantial men  in  the  city. 

In  1853,  Mr.  Connell  was  married  to  Sarah 
V.  Thompson,  as  formerly  mentioned,  in  New 
Buffalo,  Michigan.    She  was  born  on  Christmas 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


day,  1814,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  is  a 
daugLter  of  Benjamin  and  Agnes  (Balsor) 
Thompson,  residents  of  the  Bnckeye  State, 
where  her  father  is  a  prosperous  and  influential 
farmer.  Air.  and  Mrs.  Connell  reside  in  Turn- 
water  aloiie,  their  three  children  having  died. 

Mr.  Connell's  popularity  in  his  vicinity  is 
shown  by  his  long  service  in  official  positions  of 
trnst  and  responsibility,  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  having  been  characterized  by  promptness, 
energy  and  ability.  He  was  for  eight  years  an 
efficient  County  Commissioner,  and  for  one  terra 
filled  the  responsible  position  of  Constable,  be- 
sides having  been  the  first  Marshal  of  Turn- 
water.  If  any  further  evidence  of  the  esteem 
of  his  neighbors  were  necetsary,  it  might  be 
found  in  the  universal  and  out-spoken  good  will 
of  his  community. 


TJOHN  E.  WOLCOTT,  of  Seattle,  Washing- 
^  II  ton,  was  born  in  HnUand  Patent,  Oneida 
>!^'  county,  New  York,  May  19,  1848,  a  son 
of  Frederick  J.  aud  Catherine  (Northrop)  Wol- 
cott,  natives  also  of  New  York.  They  were 
descended  from  Puritan  stock,  who  settled  in 
lihode  fsland  and  Connecticut  soon  after  the 
landing  of  the   Pilgrims. 

John  R.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reared  to  farm  life,  and  educated  in  the  district 
schools,  with  a  course  at  Whitestone  Seminary. 
Answering  to  the  spirit  of  ])atriotism  in  1864, 
though  but  sixteen  years  of  age.  he  enlisted  in 
Company  A,  Ninetieth  New  York  Inl'antry.  He 
served  in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  under  General 
Sheridan,  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek 
aud  in  numerous  skirmishes  with  Moseby's 
guerrillas.  Mr.  Wolcott  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  June,  1865,  and  for  the  following 
three  years  was  engaged  in  study  aud  farm 
work.  In  1868  he  engaged  in  the  cattle  busi- 
ness in  Kansas.  Success  attended  his  eflbrts, 
but  he  was  attacked  by  the  prevailing  disease, 
chills  and  fever,  and  returned  to  the  East.  In 
1873.  in  company  with  his  brother,  Frederick 
M.,  he  began  the  real-estate  business  in  Toledo, 
Ohio,  and  was  thus  engaged  until  the  death  of 
the  latter,  in  1877.  Mr.  Wolcott  was  then 
placed  in  charge  of  an  estate  of  about  8,000 
acres,  which  embraced  property  in  the  Hanging 
Rock  iron  fields,  in  the  Hccking  valley  coal 
fields,  and  a  stone  quarry  in  southern  Ohio.  He 


developed  and  leased  the  mines,  changed  the  es- 
tate from  chaos  to  financial  basis,  and  while 
thus  employed  gained  his  first  lessons  in  hand- 
ling mining  property.  Completing  his  labor 
about  three  years  later,  he  received  similar  em- 
ployment in  Ohio  and  Kentucky  until  1882.  In 
that  year  he  went  to  Minneapolis,  and  identified 
himself  with  real-estate  interests  through  the 
Northwest.  In  1885  Mr.  Wolcott  located  the 
Sand  Coulee  coal  fields,  near  Great  Falls,  Mon- 
tana, for  a  syndicate  of  Minneapolis  capitalists, 
with  additional  mining  interests  in  the  Gogebic 
iron  range  in  Northern  Wisconsin  and  the  Ver- 
million range  in  Minnesota.  In  1887  our  sub- 
ject came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  spent  one  year 
traveling  through  California,  investigating  the 
supply  and  demand  for  iron  and  coke.  Con- 
cluding that  both  could  be  found  in  the  Puget 
Sound  country,  he  came  to  Seattle,  continuing 
his  investigations  and  satisfying  himself  as  to 
quantity,  quality  and  location.  He  then  inter- 
ested Minneapolis  capitalists  which  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  the  Puget  Sound  Iron  Com- 
[lany  and  tlie  North  Seattle  Company.  The 
former  comjiany  purchased  1,000  acres  of  land 
iu  Skagit  country,  which  included  three  miles 
of  the  Skagit  ii-on  range,  and  the  latter  company 
bought  1,350  acres,  with  two  miles  of  water 
front  adjoining  Seattle  on  tlie  north.  Of  the 
lattei',  250  acres  lias  been  cleared,  roads  are  be- 
ing constructed,  and  furnaces  erected  for  the 
manufacture  of  coke  and  iron. 

Mr.  Wolcott  was  married  in  Cincinnati,  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Shannafelt,  a  native  of 
Michigan. 


CHESTER  B.  WALSWORTH,  one  of  the 
enterprising  business  men  of  Seattle,  was 
born  in  KnoxwUe,  Missouri,  August  8, 
1867,  the  eldest  son  of  Henry  T.  and  Jennie  B. 
(Clark)  WaUworth.  The  father,  a  native  of  New 
York,  removed  to  California  during  the  gold 
excitement  of  1849,  making  the  journey  across 
the  plains  with  ox  teams.  He  followed  mining 
eight  years,  experiencing  the  average  life  of  a 
miner,  although  he  finally'retired  from  the  busi- 
ness with  a  substantial  amount  of  money.  Mr. 
Walsworth  then  followed  farming  in  his  native 
State  until  the  opening  of  the  Civil  war,  enlist- 
ing during  the  latter  ]>art  of  the  struggle  in  an 
Illinois  regiment,  and  was  present  at  the  final 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


surrender.  He  then  located  in  Ray  county, 
Missouri,  where  he  was  subsequently  married, 
but  in  1867  closed  his  affairs  there,  and,  with 
prairie  outfit,  moved  his  family  to  California. 
He  soon  afterward  came  to  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  started  a  small  dairy  on  the  Mer- 
cer farm,  and  carried  it  successfully  forward  for 
ten  years.  Mr.  Walsworth  then  bought  an  im- 
proved farm  of  160  acres  on  White  river,  to 
which  he  removed  and  continued  the  dairy  busi- 
ness, also  purchasing  property  in  Seattle  for 
investment.  In  1892  he  returned  to  this  city 
and  his  deatli  occurred  here  December  26,  of 
tlie  same  year.     His  widow  is  still  living. 

Chester  13.  Walsworth,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Seattle,  and  at  the  Territorial  Uni- 
versity. At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  opened 
a  small  grocery  store  in  North  Seattle,  but  one 
year  later  embarked  in  the  real-estate  and  ab- 
stract business,  making  complete  abstracts  for 
Kitsap  and  Snohomish  counties.  He  handles 
both  city  and  county  property,  either  by  purchase 
or  on  commission.  In  1803  Mr.  Walsworth  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  being  his  own  advertiser,  and 
to  that  end  began  the  puljlication  of  a  weekly 
journal,  entitled  The  Invester,  noting  the 
various  properties  he  offers  for  sale.  He  circu- 
lates his  paper  throughout  tlie  city  and  county, 
by  mail  and  carrier. 

In  Seattle,in  1891,  our  subject  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Mildred  L.  Brown,  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  one  child,  Juanita. 
In  his  social  relations,  Mr.  Walsworth  affiliates 
with  the  I.O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  A.  O.  U.  W.  and 
the  Sons  of  Veterans,  but  being  a  close  ad- 
herent to  business  interests,  he  finds  little  time 
for  social   recreation. 


rP.  KELLEY,  a  resident  of  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
-^  Illinois,  July  23,  1852.  He  is  a  brother 
of  Hon.  W.  B.  Kelley,  and  a  son  of  Hon. 
Nathan  T.  Kelley,  extended  mention  of  whom 
willl  be  found  in  the  sketch  of  the  former  on 
another  page  of  this  work 

F.  P.  Kelley  crossed  the  plains  with  his 
parents  when  he  was  twelve  years  old  and  lived 
with  them  on  the  homestead.  As  school  facili- 
ties here  were  limited  at  that  time,  he  received 
only  a  common  school  education.  When  quite 
young  he  assisted  his  father  in  clearing  the  land 


and  together  they  succeeded  in  bringing  two- 
thirds  of  the  original  160  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion. He  remained  with  his  parents  during  all 
their  years  of  toil  and  old  age,  and  may  to-day 
be  found  on  the  old  homestead. 
Mr.  Kelley  is  unmarried. 


m 


-^■i 


!-^.^- 


ILLIAM  ANDREWS,  of  King  county, 
Washington,  was  born  on  Christmas 
day,  1826,  in  Augusta,  Maine,  a  de- 
scendant of  Colonial  ancestors.  His  father, 
William  Andrews,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Augusta 
in  1783,  and  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of 
1812.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  before 
her  marriage.  Miss  Sarah  Bassett.  She  was 
born  in  Maine  in  1788,  granddaughter  of  Henry 
Bassett,  a  Colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
Grandfather  D.  Andrews,  a  native  of  Spain, 
also  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

William  Andrews  remained  with  his  father 
until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  they 
having  been  engaged  in  the  fisheries  off  the 
coast  of  Newfoundland  and  Cape  Breton  island. 
In  1850  he  left  homo  and  went  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  where  he  turned  his  attention  to 
tanning  and  the  manufacture  of  leather.  After 
four  years'  steady  work  he  grew  tired  of  this 
business  and  sold  out.  He  then  went  to  Rich- 
mond, Maine,  and  commenced  building  ships, 
scows  and  small  boats,  in  which  he  was  engaged 
two  years.  Again  he  sold  out.  Going  to 
La  Salle  county,  Illinois,  he  bought  land  and 
settled  down  to  farming,  and  in  this  new  occu- 
pation he  was  as  successful  as  he  had  been  in 
his  other  enterprises.  After  thirteen  years 
spent  on  the  farm  there,  he  again  sought  a  new 
field  of  action,  went  to  Marion  county,  Kansas, 
and  engaged  in  the  cattle  business,  raising  cat- 
tle and  shipping  from  various  points  through- 
out western  Texas  and  northern  Kansas.  In 
this  business  he  continued   twelve  years. 

In  1882  Mr.  Andrews  came  West  and  took 
up  his  abode  in  Seattle,  Washington,  where  he 
engaged  in  contracting  and  house  moving. 
Soon  afterward  he  bought  two  relinquishments 
of  school  land  near  Stuck  river  in  King  county, 
paying  for  the  same  about  $3  per  acre,  and 
when  the  land  was  sold  at  public  auction  by  the 
State  iu  1891,  he  bought  it  at  ^iO  per  acre,  his 
improvements  being  appraised  at  ^1,650.  At 
present  he  has  over  lOU  acres  under  cultivation 
and  the  rest  in  pasture. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHIISOTON. 


Mr.  Andrews  lias  liecn  twice  married.  His 
first  wife,  nte  Eliza  J.  Bennis,  a  native  of  New 
York,  died  and  left  an  only  daughter.  This 
daughter  is  now  a  resident  of  Illinois.  In  1870 
he  married  Manda  J.  Cooper,  and  they  have 
four  children,  all  under  the  parental  roof. 

JAMES  E.  SALES,  who  has  long  heen 
identified  with  the  agricultural  interests 
of  Pierce  county,  "Washington,  was  born 
October  20,  1853.  at  the  place  where  the 
city  of  Taconia  has  since  sprung  up.  His 
parents,  William  and  Eliza  Sales,  were  of  Eng- 
lish nativity  and  were  among  the  pioneers  of 
the  Northwest.  When  James  E.  was  eighteen 
n'onths  old  he  was  taken  to  raise  by  Edward 
and  Martha  Crofts,  their  children  all  having 
died.  He  spent  his  childhood  and  grew  to 
adult  years  in  Pierce  county,  about  six  miles 
south  of  Tacoma,  on  the  Croft's  donation  claim 
of  320  acres,  and  remained  with  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Crofts  until  their  death.  He  is  still  residing 
on  the  old  homestead,  where  for  tl  e  past  forty 
years  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming,  gai-den- 
ing  and  stock  raising. 

Mr.  Sales  has  never  sought  office  of  any  kind, 
but  has  repeatedly  heen  elected  School  Director 
and  Constable  of  his  district.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  order,  belonging  to  Steila- 
coom  Lodge  No.  2,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  to 
Fern  Hill  Lodge,  No.  80. 

Mrs.  Sales  was  formerly  Miss  Josephine 
Hegele.  She  was  born  in  Minnesota  in  1858, 
and  came  with  her  parents  to  San  Francisco, 
thence  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  a  short  time 
later  to  Pierce  county,  Washington,  where  she 
niet  and  married  Mr.  Sales.  They  have  seven 
children,  at  this  writing  all  members  of  tiie 
home  circle. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  a  sketch  of  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative farmers  of  Pierce  county. 


HARLES  COPPIN,  proprietor  of  Cop- 
pin's  water  works,  of  Seattle,  was  born 
in  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  October  15, 
1817,  a  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Coppin, 
natives  of  England,  but  descended  from  the 
Saxon   race  of  Germany.     The    father,  a  Wes- 


leyan  Methodist  minister,  removed  with  his 
family  to  the  United  States  in  1815,  where  he 
followed  ministerial  work  in  Ohio  until  his 
death,  in  1878,  at  the  advanced  age  of  104  years. 

Charles  Coppin,  the  youngest  of  nine  chil- 
ren,  and  the  only  surviving  member  of  the 
family,  experienced  exceeding  hardships  in  his 
early  life,  as  the  family  were  poor,  and  steady 
and  laborious  work  was  the  order  of  the  day, 
with  no  school  privileges.  He  followed  farm- 
ing until  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
to  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  navy  as  apprentice  boy.  After 
two  years  on  the  sehoolship  Ohio,  at  Boston 
harbor,  he  sailed  on  the  Cumberland  for  Med- 
iterranean and  European  ports.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years  Mr.  Coppin  resigned  his  po- 
sition in  the  navy,  although  he  was  encouraged 
to  remain,  but  he  preferred  the  freedom  and 
independence  of  civil  life.  After  his  discharge 
he  made  two  trips  to  Liverpool  on  merchant 
ships,  before  the  mast,  after  which  he  returned 
to  his  home  in  Ohio,  to  learn  the  carpenter  and 
machinist's  trades.  He  followed  those  occupa- 
tions as  a  master  worknaan  and  mechanic  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  State,  and  during  that  time 
erected  bridges  for  the  first  railroad  in  the 
United  States,  to  run  between  Sandusky  and 
Mansfield,  but  which  was  never  completed  on 
account  of  financial  troubles.  Mr.  Coppin 
worked  on  the  Lake  Shore  road  two  and  a  half 
years  without  compensation,  building  bridges 
between  Buffalo  and  Toledo,  and  also  gave  them 
the  right  of  way  across  160  acres  of  land.  The 
company  was  then  too  poor  to  pay  for  labor, 
but  our  subject  still  holds  a  life  pass  over  the 
road.  He  was  employed  as  foreman  on  the 
LTnion  depot,  at  Cleveland,  a  structure  640  x 
180  feet,  assisted  in  erecting  the  water  works 
of  that  city,  and  a  large  number  of  the  flour 
mills  of  Ohio  were  constructed  under  his  super- 
vision. 

Mr.  Coppin  followed  railroad  work  during 
the  summer  months  for  sixteen  years,  and 
during  the  winters  would  work  in  the  ship- 
yards on  Lake  Erie.  He  could  draw  a  model, 
build  and  rig  a  ship,  and  was  an  able  navigator, 
making  frequent  trips  between  Buffalo  and 
Chicago.  In  1866  he  engaged  in  building  flour 
and  saw  mills  through  the  State  of  Michigan, 
and  for  the  following  two  years  owned  and 
operated  a  flour  mill  in  Ionia  county,  tliat  State. 
In  1871  he  came  to  Seattle,  where  he  first  fol- 
lowed carpentering   and   building,    also    bridge 


UJSTOIti'    OF    WASHINOrON. 


and  trussel  work  on  the  Northern  Pacific  and 
other  railroads  of  the  State.  Mr.  Coppin  next 
purchasud  his  present  property  on  tlie  corner  of 
Ninth  and  Colmnbia  streets,  and  erected  a  num- 
ber of  tenement  houses.  In  1875  he  dug  a 
well  six  feet  in  diameter  and  135  feet  deep, 
erected  a  wind  mill  to  furnish  water  for  his 
tenants,  and  suseqneutly  secured  a  franchise 
from  the  city  for  water  works.  He  purchased  a 
steam  engine  and  pump,  and  tiius  increased  his 
supply,  pumping  to  a  raised  reservoir  or  tank, 
and  distributing  tiirough  live  miles  of  mains. 
The  capacity  of  his  well  has  never  been  fully 
determined,  although  he  has  pumped  900,000 
gallons  in  twenty-four  lionrs.  The  water  is  of 
the  finest  quality,  and  valuable  for  domestic 
purposes. 

Mr.  Coppin  was  married  in  Ohio,  to  Miss 
Betsey  O'Brien,  who  died  in  1884.  They  were 
the  parents  of  four  cliildren,  all  of  whom  are 
now  deceased.  Mr.  Coppin  has  reared  and  edu- 
cated tour  other  children,  who  are  now  sup- 
porting tiiemselves.  Socially,  he  aftiliates  with 
the  I.  0.  O.  F.,  and  is  in  politics  an  ardent  Re- 
publican. He  was  active  in  the  Lincoln  cam- 
paign of  1860,  and  subsequently  served  four 
years  in  the  Ohio  Legislature.  Though  seventy- 
five  years  of  age,  Mr.  Coppin  is  still  active, 
with  a  mind  and  body  well  preserved,  atid  l)ears 
every  evidence  of  enjoying  the  extreme  lon- 
gevity of  kis  ancestors. 


---^^^ 


^•^^- 


I  ETHUK  E.  McLaughlin,  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Port  T(«wnsed  Steel 
Wire  &  Nail  Company,  was  tjorn  in  Cov- 
ington, Kentucky,  September  25,  1864,  a 
son  of  William  P.  and'  Sarah  M.  (Avard)  Mc- 
Laughlin, natives  of  Kentucky  and  Virginia, 
resjiectively.  The  father  was  an  extensive  manu- 
facturer of  plug  tobacco  at  Cincinnati,  having 
succeeded  his  father,  who  established  the  busi- 
ness about  1855.  In  1870  Mr.  McLaughlin  re- 
moved to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  to  estal)lish  his 
factory  at  the  State  penitentiary,  where  he  con- 
tinued five  years,  employing  about  200  hands. 
In  1875  he  returned  to  Covington,  engaged  in 
the  real-estate  business,  was  also  active  in  the 
Democratic  politics  of  the  city,  served  a  short 
term  as  Mayor,  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  1879,  and  is  still  the  incumbent  of  that 
ofKce. 


Arthur  R.  McLaughlin  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Chickering  Institute,  at  Cincinnati. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  began  the 
study  of  law,  but  subsequently  decided  to  fol- 
low a  business  rather  than  a  professional  life,  he 
went  to  Newport,  Kentucky,  and  engaged  with 
J.  W.  Livezay  &  Company  as  time  keeper  and 
paymaster  at  their  sawmill,  the  largest  in  that 
country.  After  one  year  there  he  traveled 
through  the  cities  of  the  South,  returned  to  Cov- 
ington, was  employed  as  bookkeeper  in  a  mer- 
cantile house  about  eighteen  months,  and  was 
then  induced  by  a  friend  who  was  establishing 
the  Cincinnati  Wire  Nail  Company  to  enter  his 
employ  and  learn  the  business.  With  the  sub- 
sequent sale  of  the  establishment,  and  the  or- 
ganization of  the  United  States  Wire  Nail  Com- 
pany, Mr.  McLaughlin  engaged  with  the  latter 
company,  where  he  remained  until  the  summer 
of  1889.  The  works  were  then  removed  to 
Jacks  in,  Ohio,  the  company  having  purchased 
the  Jackson  Steel  Works,  and  combined  the  two 
industries,  our  subject  continuing  in  their  em- 
ploy, in  the  making  and  repairing  of  tools.  In 
February,  1891,  he  returned  to  Covington,  and 
embarked  in  the  real-estate  business  with  his 
father.  lu  October.  1891,  Mr.  McLauglin  was 
employed  as  superintendent  of  the  New  Phila- 
delphia Wire  Nail  Company,  but  in  the  spring 
of  1892  resigned  his  position  to  come  to  Port 
Townsend,  to  superintend  the  erection  of  the 
new  factory,  of  which  he  is  now  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

Mr.  McLaughlin  was  married  in  Indianapolis, 
Indiana,  June  27,  1888,  to  Miss  Eva  Bruce,  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  and  her  parents  were  among 
the  early  pioneers  of  Indiana. 

"- •^■^^-^ 


ILLIAM  PAYNE,  one  of  the  suecess- 
|.,  ful  lumbermen  of  the  Northwest,  was 
11  born  in  New  Brunswick,  May  28,  1845. 
His  parents,  William  and  Mary  (Brow)  Payne, 
were  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  were  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  At  an  early  age  our 
subject  began  work  on  the  farm,  thus  being  de- 
prived of  educational  advantages  higher  than 
those  of  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of 
twenty  years  he  started  on  his  journey  West- 
ward. In  Wisconsin  he  spent  about  one  year 
in  the  logging  camps  and  in  driving  logs  upon 
the  river,  having  had  experience  in  both  occu- 


IIISTOHY    OF    WASUINGTON. 


pations  in  the  woods  of  New  Brunswick.  In 
the  spring  of  1866  he  drove  an  ox  team  across 
the  plains  for  Smith  &  Galbraith,  the  great 
freighters  of  Kansas  City,  carrying  Government 
supplies  to  the  Big  Horn  river,  in  Montana. 
Duly  arriving,  a  small  company  of  eleven  men 
was  organized,  who  purchased  two  yoke  of  oxen 
and  a  light  wagon,  and  drove  200  miles  farther 
westward,  to  the  Virginia  City  mines,  where 
they  arrived  December  5,  1866,  after  rather 
serious  experiences  with  the  Indians  and  from 
high  water  in  Yellowstone  river.  They  were 
obliged  to  ford  the  river,  using  their  wagon-box 
for  a  boat.  During  that  winter  Mr.  Payne  was 
engaged  in  mining,  and  in  the  spring  of  1867 
went  to  the  mines  of  Lemhi,  where  he  spent  the 
following  summer,  but  was  unsuccessful  in  his 
ventures. 

Being  of  an  observing  nature,  he  made  a 
study  of  the  old  miners  of  lifteen  and  twenty 
years'  experience,  and  they  seemed  such  a  de- 
jected and  discouraged  class  of  men  that  he  be 
came  disheartened,  and,  thinking  that  he  might 
find  more  brightness  and  better  assurance  of 
pros]ierity,  started  for  Puget  Sound,  arriving  at 
Port  Gamble  in  the  fall  of  1867.  Mr.  Payne 
found  work  in  a  logging  camp  on  Hood's  canal 
until  in  March,  1868,  was  then  similarly  en- 
gaged with  various  companies  at  Port  Discovery 
until  1874,  and  then  embarked  in  that  business 
for  himself.  He  made  his  home  at  New  Dunge- 
ness  until  1882,  conducting  a  logging  camp  in 
Clallam  connty,  and  at  the  same  time  followed 
farming  on  a  tine  farm  of  160  acres  near  town. 
In  1882  he  removed  his  family  to  Port  Town- 
send,  V. here  he  has  ever  since  resided,  mean- 
while continuing  his  logging;  camps  in  Clallam, 
Jeiferson  and  Island  counties.  He  has  cut  over 
thousands  of  acres  of  timber,  constantly  em- 
ploying from  twenty  to  fifty  men.  Mr.  Payne 
has  also  built  a  number  of  houses  in  Port  Town- 
send  to  rent,  and  in  1889  erected  his  spacious 
home  on  the  corner  of  Taylor  and  Lawrence 
streets,  where  he  now  resides.  He  has  an  in- 
terest in  the  Pioneer  block,  besides  owing  much 
improved  city  property  and  iiundreds  of  acres  of 
timber  land  in  the  counties  where  he  has 
worked. 

Our  subject  was  married  at  New  Dungeness, 
Washington,  January  17,  1875,  to  Miss  Irena 
C  Pilcher,  who  was  born  at  Gold  Hill  mining 
camp,  California.  They  have  four  children: 
Sadie  J.,  William  W.,  Florence  J.  and  Alice  M. 
In  political   matters  Mr.  Payne  is  a  Democrat, 


has  served  two  terms  in  the  Legislature,  and 
from  1888  to  1892  was  a  member  of  the  City 
Council.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  for 
two  years  was  president  of  the  State  Bank  of 
AVasliington,  is  a  stockholder  of  Mt.  Olympic 
Water  Cou<pany,  of  the  Port  Townsend  Hospi- 
tal, Port  Townsend  Foundry  and  Engineering 
Works,  Port  Townsend  Dry  Dock,  and  was  one 
of  tlie  original  ten  men  who  started  the  Port 
Townsend  Southern  Eailroad.  In  his  social  re- 
lations, he  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the 
I.  O.  R.  M.  Mr.  Payne  is  one  of  the  active 
and  enterprising  men  of  the  Key  City. 

THOMAS  II.  DELANEY,  Chief  of  the 
police  force  of  Port  Townsend,  was  born 
at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  1862.  His 
parents,  Richard  and  Katherine  C.  (Man- 
ning) Delauey,  crossed  the  plains  to  that  State 
in  the  early  '50's  locating  at  The  Dalles.  In 
1855  the  father  joined  the  troops  which  as- 
sembled for  the  Indian  wars,  later  entered  the 
regular  army,  and  became  First  Sergeant.  Dur- 
ing the  San  Juan  island  controversy  he  went 
with  his  company  to  the  place,  remained  there 
until  the  differences  were  adjusted,  was  trans- 
ferred with  his  company  to  Arizona,  but,  after 
arriving  there,  resigned  his  position,  and  re- 
ceived an  honorable  discharge.  On  the  return 
home  he  was  taken  sick  at  the  Presidio  in  San 
Francisco,  and  subsequently  died.  When  first 
ordered  to  San  Juan  island  he  purchased  a  farna 
of  160  acres  there,  where  his  family  still  re.side. 
Thomas  R.  Delaney,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  remained  on  the  home  farm  until  1882, 
when  he  came  to  Port  Townsend,  and  secured 
a  position  on  the  police  force  of  the  city.  In 
1885  he  was  appointed  Deputy  United  States 
Marshal,  in  behalf  of  the  Ship  Owners'  Associa- 
tion of  San  Francisco,  held  that  position  two 
years;  in  1887  became  traveling  inspector  in 
the  custom  service,  under  Major  Quincy  A. 
Brooks,  and  in  July,  1888,  became  a  candidate 
for  the  office  of  Chief  of  Police  of  Port  Town- 
send.  Although  the  opposing  candidate  had 
held  the  office  for  twelve  years,  Mr.  Delaney 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority,  and  has  been 
reelected  each  succeeding  year  without  opposi- 
tion, which  is  the  best  reward  of  a  grateful 
people  for  his  successful  performance  of  duty. 
As  a  detective  he  has  shown  yreat  skill  in  fol- 


HISTORY     OF    WASUINGTON. 


lowing  clues,  locating  criminals,  and  efl'ecting 
the  arrest  of  many  of  the  most  desperate  con- 
victs in  the  State.  It  is  a  notable  instance  that 
Mr.  Delaney  has  never  failed  iu  a  case  which 
he  has  taken  up,  and  in  his  bravery  and  profes- 
sional skill  is  highly  reputed  throughout  the 
Sound  district.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the 
K.  of  P.  and  the  Independent  Order  of  Red 
Men. 


\l  III  IjlLLIAM  MEYDENBANER,  of  Seat- 
VrU/  ^''^'  Washington,  was  born  on  the 
?ll  ^  banks  of  the  Mossele  river,  in  Prussia, 
Germany,  in  1832.  He  was  there  reared  to 
early  manhood,  securing  the  education  of  the 
country,  and  devoted  four  years  to  the  study  and 
ac(|uit.ition  ot  the  confectioner's  trade.  In  1850 
he  embarked  fur  the  United  States,  landing  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  where  he  was  employed 
until  1854.  In  that  year  he  went  to  New  York 
and  stalled  by  steamer  for  the  Pacific  coast,  via 
the  Nicaragua  route.  His  voyage  on  the  Pa- 
cific was  very  eventful,  it  being  on  the  old 
steamer.  Brother  Jonathan,  with  1,750  passen- 
gers, overcrowding  the  steamer,  consuming  the 
supplies,  and,  after  several  accidents,  with  much 
sickness,  they  at  last  arrived  in  San  Fi-ancisco. 
Mr.  Meydenbaner  found  employment  at  his 
trade  for  $150  per  month  and  board,  but  one 
year  later  purchased  a  pack  animal  and  miners' 
outfit,  and,  with  $700  in  cash,  started  for  the 
Kern  river  mines.  Nine  months  afterward  he 
returned  to  San  Francisco,  with  plenty  of  ex- 
perience, but  financially  ruined.  He  then  re- 
turned to  his  trade,  at  the  old  wages,  wiiich  he 
continued  until  1865.  In  that  year  he  made  a 
trip  to  Prussia;  was  there  married;  the  follow- 
ing year  opened  a  restaurant  and  confectionery 
store  in  San  Francisco;  in  1861  opened  a  bakery 
in  Yreka,  California,  and  four  year  later  en- 
gaged in  draying  in  Idaho  City,  receiving  from 
$40  to  $100  per  day  in  the  latter  occupation. 
But  with  hay  at  twenty-tive  cents  per  pound, 
oats  at  thirty-five  cents,  and  meals  $1  each,  witii 
all  other  expenses  in  proportion,  the  profits  were 
rapidly  consumed.  One  year  later  our  subject 
purchased  a  bakery  and  brewery,  and,  although 
undergoing  two  tires,  he  successfully  conducted 
that  business  until  1868,  when  he  came  to 
Puget  Sound,  upon  the  supposition  that  Seattle 
was  to  become  a  railroad  terminus.     Upon  ar- 


rival he  found  business  very  dull,  although  after 
a  time  he  opened  a  small  grocery,  bakery  and 
confectionery  store  on  Commercial  sti-eet, 
known  as  the  Eureka  Bakery,  which  he  con- 
ducted ten  years.  Mr.  Meydenbaner  then  moved 
to  Columbia  and  Third  streets,  where  he  con- 
ducted both  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  em- 
ployed a  number  of  hands,  running  two  delivery 
wagons,  and  received  an  extensive  patronage. 
He  was  thus  occupied  until  the  summer  of  1889, 
only  escaping  disaster  from  the  tire  of  June  by 
the  protection  of  two  maple  trees  standing  be- 
tween his  house  and  the  tire.  Our  subject  then 
sold  his  store,  and,  after  passing  three  years  in 
Oakland,  California,  located  permanently  in 
Seattle. 

Mr.  Meydenbaner  was  married  to  Thekla 
Fisher,  and  they  have  eight  children,  five  sons 
and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  now  living. 
Our  subject  has  served  one  year  on  the  City 
Council,  securing  his  election  from  the  Repub- 
lican party.  Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.  His  recollection  is  yet  vivid  regarding  the 
early  conditions  of  Seattle,  when  the  population 
did  not  extend  beyond  Third  street,  and  did  not 
exceed  700  persons.  Apples  and  gingerbread 
were  served  as  refreshments  at  public  receptions. 
Mr.  Meydenbaner  has  passed  through  the  vicis- 
situdes of  the  city,  has  been  an  eye  witness  of 
her  magnificent  development,  and  is  now  living 
a  retired  life,  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  family 
and  in  the  accumulations  of  his  days  of  pioneer 


[[  NTONIO  YOUNG,  proprietor  of  the 
Star  Bi-ewery,  of  Vancouver,  was  born  in 
Germany,  March  29,  1838,  where  he  was 
reared  and  educated,  and  also  learned  his 
trade.  In  1859  he  located  in  San  Francisco, 
and  there  followed  the  bi-ewery  business  until 
1863.  In  the  latter  year  he  permanently  lo- 
cated in  Vancouver,  Washington,  where  he 
woi-ked  as  a  journeyman  the  following  two  years, 
and  then  purchased  the  Star  Brewery.  This 
business  was  first  established  by  John  Manieh 
in  1857,  and  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  pres- 
ent owner  in  1864.  Mr.  Young  enjoys  a  lu- 
crative trade,  which  extends  far  into  the  interior 
of  the  State,  and  als..  into  Oregon.  Twelve  men 
are  empluyeil  about  the  bi'cwci'y,  and  two  wagons 
are  run    to   sup])ly   the   local    trade.     The   beer 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINOTOJ^. 


irth- 


luanufactured  is  of  an  elegant  quality,  and 
a  wide  spread  reputation  throughout  the  No 
west. 

June  19,  1864,  Mr.  Young  was  mari-ied  to 
Miss  Augusta  Sraidt,  a  native  also  of  Germany. 
They  have  eight  children:  Elizabeth,  Louisa, 
Anna,  William,  Edward,  Laura,  Augusta  and 
Antonio.  Our  subject  alBliates  with  the  F.  & 
A.  M.,  bine  lods<e.  No.  4,  and  chapter.  No.  9. 
At  the  present  time  he  is  tilling  one  of  the  offi- 
cial chairs  in  the  blue  lodge. 


3.  DOBBINS,  a   well-known   resident   of 

|l  Olympia,  Washington,  was  born  near 
Sparta,  Randolph  county,  Illinois,  in  1880. 

His  parents,  Jobn  and  Margaret  Dobbins, 
were  natives  of  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  were 
married  there,  and  about  1820  emigrated 
from  the  Emerald  Isle  to  the  United  Slates, 
settling  in  Randolph  county,  Illinois,  among  the 
pioneers  of  that  locality.  There  they  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits,  spent  honorable  and  in- 
dustrious lives,  and  were  respected  by  all  who 
knew  them. 

J.  S.  Dobbins  was  educated  in  his  native 
county.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  trade  of  blacksmith,  served 
four  years  and  a  half,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time  engaged  in  business  for  himself,  openinga 
shop  at  Sparta,  which  he  conducted  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  In  1862  he  made  a  trip  to  Port- 
land, Oregon,  to  look  after  the  estate  of  his  de- 
ceased brother,  Crawford  Dobbins,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1849,  who  was  blown  u[i  with  the 
steamer  Gazelle  while  making  her  trial  trip. 
Returning  to  the  East  in  1863,  Mr.  Dobbins 
eidisted  for  three  months'  service  in  Company 
K,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-second  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  and  served  in  the  Department 
of  Tennessee,  chiefly  on  guard  duty  in  the 
vicinity  of  Memphis.  His  terra  of  service  was 
extended  to  six  months,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  he  was  discharged,  aiid  returned  to  Sparta. 

Mr.  Dobbins  continued  his  blacksmith  busi- 
ness in  Sparta  until  1869,  when  he  sold  out  and 
came  to  Olympia,  Washington,  where  his  aunt, 
Jane  Wylie,  widow  of  Adam  Wylie,  resided, 
and  still  lives,  being  now  eighty  years  of  age. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wylie  came  to  this  coast  in  1849. 
Shortly  after  his  arrival  here,  Mr.  Dobbins 
built   a  two-story    shop,  20x40   feet,  on    the 


corner  of  Third  and  Washington  streets, 
opened  a  general  blacksmith  shop,  and  also  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  light  and  heavy 
wagons,  wliich  he  continued  up  to  1870.  That 
year  he  sold  out,  and  he  and  his  family  made 
a  trip  East,  visiting  the  Centennial  at  Phila- 
delpliia.  Returning  to  Olympia  in  the  fall,  he 
resumed  business  on  the  old  site,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1877  bought  the  shop  of  Rice  Tilley, 
corner  of  Third  and  Columbia  streets.  He  did 
a  general  blacksmith  business  until  1891,  when 
he  sold  out  and  retired. 

Mr.  Dobbins  was  married  in  Randolph  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  in  1857  to  Miss  Eunice  Holden,  a 
native  of  that  county.  They  have  two  child- 
ren: Nettie,  wife  of  Fred  Guyot,  and  Adelaide. 

Financially,  he  may  be  classed  with  the  suc- 
cessful men  of  the  city.  He  has  made  wise  in- 
vestments and  has  accumulated  valuable  real 
estate  here.  While  he  has  been  devoted  to 
his  business  interests,  he  has  taken  a  commend- 
able interest  in  public  affairs.  He  served  one 
term  as  Mayor  of  Olympia,  several  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  Council,  and  one  term  as  Coun- 
ty Commissioner.  In  the  Republican  county 
ty  cimveiition  of  Angu^t,  1892,  he  was  nomi- 
nated as  Sherift"  of  Tiiurston  county,  but,  at  the 
subsequent  election,  was  defeated  by  fifty-six 
votes,  after  which  he  was  elected  City  Treasurer 
of  Olympia,  of  wiiich  office  he  is  the  present 
capable  incumbent.  Socially,  Mr.  Dobbins  is 
identified  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  encamp- 
ment, the  I.  O.  G.  T.,  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  George 
fl.Tl^omasPost,  G.  A.  R. 


LBERT  LANE  was  born  in  Noble  county, 
Indiana,  on  the  25th  of  December,  1842. 
His  parents  are  Daniel  E.  and  Mary 
(Mason)  Lane,  the  former  born  in  Brook- 
lyn of  an  English  family;  the  mother,  a  native 
of  Connecticut.  The  family  lived  in  Indiana 
until  1855  and  came  across  the  plains  to  Wash- 
ington Territory  in  that  year,  locating  about 
five  miles  from  Steilacoom.  The  journey  was 
made  over  the  usual  route  and  was  attended  by 
hardship  unusual  even  to  this  ordinarily 
haziirdous  journey.  On  their  arrival,  their  hard- 
ships were  very  little  lessened.  During  the  first 
winter,  which  was  a  hard  one,  the  father  and  hon 
worked  like  slaves  to  make  a  living  and  had  to 
pay  exorbitant  prices  for  their   food.     As   soon 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


as  spring  came,  they  took  np  a  claim  and 
planted  potatoes  and  grain  and  later  in  the  year 
the  father  took  up  another  claim  at  the  fork  of 
tlie  Puyallum,  near  Orting.  From  here  they 
wwe  driven  out  by  the  Indians.  They  went  near 
Steilacoom,  where  they  remained  until  1859 
when  they  returned  to  their  claim  at  Orting.  It 
was  here  that  tlie  father  died  in  the  spring  of 
1891.     The  mother  died  in  1883. 

Mr.  Lane  lias  practically  been  reared  in  the 
country,  and  worked  on  his  father's  ranch  until 
1875,  when  he  went  to  Oregon.  In  1881  he 
returned  and  located  near  McMillan  and  has 
been  in  that  vicinity  since  then.  In  his  farm  he 
lias  eighty  acres,  devoted  to  raising  grain  and 
bops. 

He  was  married  on  April  11,  1875,  to  Miss 
Levina  Eusow,  of  Tennessee,  daughter  of  E.  B. 
and  Margaret  Rusow.  They  have  had  four 
children,  one  of  whom,  Olive  died  in  1890,  aged 
fourteen  years  and  eleven  montlis.  Those  liv- 
ing are  Alfred  A.,  Ida  May,  and  Harry  H. 

Mr.  Lane  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Puyallup  Lodge,  No.  43.  He  is  a  Re- 
jiublican,  politically,  and  takes  an  active  inter- 
est in  every  thing  pertaining  to  the  success, 
})resent  and  future,  of  his  party. 


ARON  S.  NEELY  was  born  near  Madrid 
Bend,     Carroll      county,    Tennessee,    on 
"^    March  1,  1849.    His  parents  were  David 
A.  and  Irena  (Kemp)  ISTeely,  the  former 
a  native  of  Tennessee,  the  latter  of  Virginia. 

In  1856  the  family  came  across  the  plains 
and  located  on  the  White  river,  where  they  took 
up  a  donation  claim,  just  below  Kent.  They 
were  the  first  settlers  in  that  immediate  neigh- 
borhood. They  were  soon  comjielled  to  remove 
to  Seattle  on  account  of  the    hostility  of  the  In 


dians.     His  father,  howt 


)eiit  his  time  be- 


tween his  claim  and  Seattle  with  his  family. 
On  one  memorable  occasion,  when  he  was  about 
to  leave  Seattle  for  his  place  at  White  river,  he 
was  notified  that  the  Indians  had  attacked  the 
latter  settlement.  This  was  the  occasion  of  the 
historical  massacre.  His  father  then  enlisted 
against  the  Indians,  and  fought  throughout  the 
campaign,  while  the  family  remaiiied  at  the  lit- 
tle fort  on  the  Henry  Van  Xessel  place.  2\fter 
three  years'  absence,  they  went  back  to  the  home 
place. 


Our  subject  was  reared  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington. When  he  was  twenty-seven  years  old 
he  married,  and  bought  for  his  home,  the  place 
where  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  120  acres, 
which  he  has  paid  for  by  hard  work,  at  interval" 
for  other  parties.  He  raises  stock  and  grain, 
and  has  recently  purchased  another  place  of  100 
acres,  and  has  a  sawmill  located  there. 

Mr.  Neely  was  married  on  March  14,  1874,  to 
Miss  Siirah  Felsanthal,  of  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia. They  have  had  nine  children,  of  whom 
there  are  live  living,  viz.:  Julius,  William  A., 
Lenore,  Carrie,  and  Aaron  S.,  Jr.  Those  de- 
ceased are  Ida  and  May,  and  Robert  A. 


1  UGUSTRICHTER,  Postmaster  at  Battle 
i\  Ground,  Clarke  county,  Washington,  is 
»\  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  adoption. 
He  was  born  in  Germany,  November  9, 
1848,  and  was  reared  and  educated  in  the  land 
of  his  nativity.  His  parents,  Henry  and  Caro- 
line (Koenig)  Richter,  had  a  family  of  seven 
children  of  whom  August  is  the  eldest.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  bade  adieu  to  his  home  and 
friends  and  went  to  sea.  Finally  hii  good  vessel 
brought  him  to  San  Francisco,  a  port  that 
proved  more  attractive  than  the  deep  blue  sea. 
After  a  residence  in  that  city  of  live  years  he 
went  to  Los  Angeles,  where  lie  made  his  home 
until  1892,  during  which  time  he  engaged 
in  mining  speculations  and  accumulated  a  snug 
little  fortune  of  $50,000,  which  was  all  swept 
away  by  fire,  in   1878. 

Since  coming  to  Battle  Ground  in  1892  he 
has  purchased  the  mercantile  establishment  of 
Mrs.  Jane  Berk,  and  has  been  appointed  Post- 
master. The  post  office  and  Cape  Horn  Tele- 
graph Company's  office  are  both  in  the  building 
occupied  by  Mr.  Richter  as  a  store.  He 
is  a  man  of  wide  experience  in  the  affairs 
of  business,  and  is  fully  capable  of  man-  / 
aging  both  the  mercantile  and  official  depart- 
ments in  his  charge.  Politically,  he  affiliates 
with  the  Democratic  party,  having  become 
naturalized  at  Los  Angeles,  in  1876,  since  which 
time  he  has  faithfully  performed  the  duty  of 
casting  his  vote  for  the  men  and  measures  he 
esteems  most  advantageous  to  his  fellow-citizens. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
uniform  rank,  and  belongs  to  the  Knights  of 
Honor  and  the  Masonic  fraternity. 


HI8T0BT    OF    WASaiNGTON. 


In  connection  with  other  business  affairs  Mr. 
Kichter  finds  time  for  the  cultivation  of  two 
acres  of  valuable  garden  land,  a  portion  of 
which  he  has  set  in  berries,  and  is  doing  his 
share  toward  promoting  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant and  useful  industries  on  the  coast. 

In  the- city  of  San  Francisco,  July  5,  1875, 
Mr.  Eichter  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Adel  Schmidt,  a  native  of  Germany  and  of 
their  eight  children  only  two  survive,  Adel  and 
Minnie.  Mr.  Richter  is  the  only  representative 
of  his  family  in  America.  His  good  mother 
pa3sed  to  her  reward  fourteen  years  ago  and  his 
father  still  resides  in  the  fatherland. 

PjETER  SMITH,  whose  attractive  rural 
home  is  located  eight  miles  south  of  Ta- 
coma,  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of 
his  vicinity.  He  belongs  to  the  sturdy 
old  pioneers  of  this  country,  and  it  is  appropri- 
ate that  more  than  a  passing  mention  should  be 
made  of  him  in  this  work. 

Peter  Smith  was  born  in  Scotland,  October 
18,  1817.  His  parents,  Archibald  and  Isabella 
(Trumbull)  Smith,  were  sturdy  Scotch  farmers 
and  fruit-growers.  The  Smith  family  emigrated 
to  New  York  in  1840.  Archibald  Smith  was 
tlien  variously  employed  in  different  places  for 
some  time,  and  becoming  tired  of  diversified 
labor,  turned  his  face  westward  in  search  of  a 
home  on  the  frontier.  The  Middle  States  were 
then  but  sparsely  settled,  and  after  traversing 
Peimsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  he 
finally  took  up  his  abode  on  a  claim  of  320 acres 
in  Uock  county,  Wisconsin.  There  he  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  with  the  as- 
sistance of  his  children  succeeded  in  clearing 
and  putting  under  cultivation  200  acres  of  land. 
He  lived  there  until  his  seventy-seventh  year, 
when  Death's  scythe  reaped  its  harvest  and  took 
,  the  old  pioneer  to  a  better  home. 

After  his  father's  death  Peter  longed  for  new 
scenes  of  action,  and  the  spring  of  1852  found 
him  en  route  for  the  Pacific  coast.  He  arrived 
at  The  Dalles  September  20,  1852,  and  went 
from  there  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  spent 
the  winter.  At  The  Dalles  he  sold  the  oxen  he 
had  driven  across  the  plains  and  bought  two 
iiorses.  On  one  of  these  horses  his  wife  and 
and  baby  rode,  and  on  the  other  he  packed  the 
blankets  and    their  supplies,  while  he  walked. 


Thus  they  traveled  from  Portland  to  Washing- 
ton Territory.  They  came  up  the  Cowlitz  river 
to  Cowlitz  landing  in  canoes,  and  from  there  to 
Olympia  they  again  made  use  of  their  horses, 
thence  on  to  Steilacoom,  where  they  arrived  in 
the  summer  of  1853.  Here  Mr.  Smith  took  a 
claim  of  640  acres  of  land,  on  Tolletitire  prairie, 
about  eight  miles  south  of  the  present  city  of 
Tacoma.  In  getting  ready  to  firm  here  he  ex- 
perienced many  difficulties.  He  had  to  make 
all  the  necessary  fanning  implements  out  of 
wood,  as  getting  any  iron  at  that  time  was  an 
impossibility.  His  wagon  was  made  entirely  of 
wood,  the  wheels  being  made  by  sawing  rounds 
from  a  large  log.  For  a  number  of  years  they 
lived  in  a  log  cabin,  but  in  time  this  rude  struc- 
ture gave  place  to  a  comfortable  and  commodi- 
ous residence.  During  the  Indian  troubles,  in 
1855  and  1856,  the  Smith  family  were  driven 
from  their  home.  Mr.  Smith  took  his  wife  and 
children  to  the  garrison,  while  he  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Washington  Vultmteers,  under 
command  of  Captain  W.  H.  Wallace  and  Lieu- 
tenant R.  S.  Moore.  After  the  war  they  moved 
back  to  the  farm  and  had  to  do  all  their  work 
over  again,  in  the  way  of  making  improvements, 
etc.,  as  everything  had  been  destroyed  by  the 
Indians.  Mr.  Smith  is  still  living  on  the  old 
farm,  where,  with  the  aid  of  his  grown  sons,  he 
has  made  a  home  of  which  he  may  justly  be 
pruud. 

Mrs.  Smith's  maiden  name  was  Martha  Brad- 
sliaw.  She  was  born  iu  England  in  1824,  and 
emigrated  with  her  parents  to  Wisconsin,  where 
she  met  and  married  Peter  Smith.  She  came 
across  tlie  plains  with  her  husljand  and  stood  by 
his  side  in  all  the  hardships  and  privations  he 
has  endured.  They  reared  a  family  of  seven 
children,  all  of  whom  are  married  except  George, 
who  lives  with  his  father,  and  all  are  settled  in 
Pierce  county.  Mrs.  Smith  died  at  the  old 
home  place  in  1888. 

The  only  office  Mr.  Smith  overfilled  was  that 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace,  in  which  he  served  for 
many  years. 


FE.  EISENBEIS,  a  merchant  of  Steila- 
coom city,  Washington,  was  born  in  Prus- 
^  sia,  October  7,  1825,  son  of  Valentine 
and  Catharine  (Korn)  Eisenbeis,  botli  natives  of 
Germany. 


HISTORT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


F.  E.  Eiseiibeis  spent  Lis  boyhood  days  at 
work  in  his  father's  flour  mill,  except  whei)  he 
was  attending  the  common  and  graded  schools 
of  his  native  country.  In  November,  1853,  he 
set  sail  from  Germany  for  New  York,  landing 
at  his  destination  early  in  1854.  After  working 
at  his  trade  for  a  short  time  in  New  York  city, 
he  went  to  Kocliester.  At  the  latter  place  he 
was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  wholesale  grocery 
store  about  three  years.  In  tlie  autumn  of  1857 
he  directed  his  course  toward  California,  and  ar- 
rived in  San  Francisco,  January  28, 1858,  where 
he  remained  one  year.  In  1859  lie  went  to 
Victoria,  thence  up  the  Frazer  river  to  the 
mines,  and  then  back  to  Fort  Townsend.  At 
the  latter  place  he  woi'ked  as  a  carpenter 
for  some  time,  after  which  he  came  to  Steila- 
coom  city  and  bought  Ezra  Meeker's  general 
merchandise  store,  one  of  the  pioneer  stores  of 
Washington  Territory.  He  conducted  this  store 
until  1863,  when  he  sold  out  and  went  to  the 
Cariboo  mines.  Owing,  however,  to  severe 
weather  and  other  obstacles,  he  did  not  remain 
long  at  the  mines.  He  then  made  a  trip  to  San 
Francisco,  bought  a  stock  of  goods,  returned  to 
Steilacoom,  and  ao;ain  opened  out  in  busii'ess. 
Here  he  has  since  continued.  Nearly  every 
year  he  goes  to  San  Francisco  to  buy  goods. 
During  his  long  business  career  at  this  place, 
Mr.  Eisenbeis  has  had  extensive  dealings  with 
people  all  over  this  part  of  the  country.  He  has 
made  many  warm  friends,  and  has  the  respect 
of  all  who  know  him. 

He  was  married  in  1863  to  Kosa  Denger,  a 
native  of  Ohio,  who  came  to  this  coast  with  her 
parents.  They  have  two  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. 

EOUGE  ALBERT  LIBBEY,  one  of  the 
r  representative  pliysicians  of  the  city  of 
Tacoma,  was  born  at  Bangor,  Maine,  in 
1853,  a  son  of  Charles  E.  and  Mary  C. 
(Emerson)  Libbey.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years 
our  subject  began  attendance  at  Holden  Acade- 
my, graduated  at  that  institution  in  1869,  and 
then  completed  his  literary  education  in  Bow- 
doin  College.  He  next  entered  the  medical  de- 
partment of  Dartmouth  College,  and  graduated 
at  that  staiidard  institution  in  1874.  Mr.  Libbey 
then  began  the  jiruetice  of  his  profession  at 
Brooks,  Maine,  remaining  there  until  1888,  and 
wliile  there,  in  1882-'83,  served  as  Superintend- 


ent of  Schools,  and  was  also  an  active  member 
of  the  Waldo  county  and  State  of  Maine  Medi- 
cal Associations.  After  leaving  Brooks  he  trav- 
eled extensively  throughout  the  United  States, 
and  being  attracted  by  the  advantages  of  this 
region,  located  in  Tacoma,  with  which  city  he 
has  ever  since  been  identitied.  Dr.  Libbey  has 
ever  remained  a  student  of  his  profession,  often 
taking  advantages  while  in  the  East  of  the 
facilities  afforded  by  the  Polyclinic  of  New- 
York  for  keeping  pace  with  the  advancement  of 
the  science,  and  after  locating  in  this  State  also 
took  a  five  months'  course  at  the  Polyclinic  of 
Chicago,  in  1891.  In  his  specialty,  "the  treat- 
ment of  the  throat  and  lungs,  he  is  given  high 
rank  by  the  profession. 

Dr.  Libbey  was  married  in  October,  1875,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Page.  They  have  one  son.  Earl 
A.,  born  in  1883. 

Y  A\  IjlLLIAM  PACKWOOD,  for  many  years 
Vf/V/'  a  respected  citizen  of  Thurston  county, 
■i  "i  Washington,  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
removed  with  his  parents  when  he  was  young, 
to  Jackson  county,  Indiana,  where  he  followed 
farming  for  a  number  of  yenrs.  In  1834,  he 
was  married  to  Khoda  Prothers,  born  in  Shelby 
county,  Kentucky,  in  1818,  her  parents,  Samuel 
and  Esther  (Lewis)  Prothers,  being  natives  of 
Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respectively,  the  former 
born  in  1790  and  the  latter  in  1795.  After  mar- 
riage. Mr.  Packwood  continued  to  reside  in  In- 
diana for  a  few  years,  when  he  enjigrated  to 
Monroe  county,  Missouri,  whei-e  he  again  en- 
gaged in  farming.  From  there,  he  later  went 
to  Platte  county,  the  same  State,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1844,  and  then  started  across  the 
plains  for  the  Pacific  coast.  In  the  autumn  of 
that  yeai',  he  and  his  family  arrived  at  Oregon 
City,  Oregon,  whence  they  proceeded  to  Yam 
Hill  county,  that  Territory,  settling  on  a  farm 
near  the  present  site  of  McMinnville.  Here 
they  remained  two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  Mr.  Packwood  sold  out,  in  the  spring  of 
1847,  and  removed  to  the  northern  pait  of  the 
Territory  of  Oregon,  now  Washington,  settling 
in  September  of  that  year,  on  320  acres  of  land 
on  Nesqually  flats,  near  Puget Sound. 

He  remained  there  until  1849,  when  hearing 
of  the  gold  excitement  in  Caliiornia,  he  and  his 
family  left    the  homestead,  stock  and  crops,  and 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


started  for  California,  arriving  in  due  time  at 
Coloma,  in  El  Dorado  county.  Here  tiiey  re- 
mained until  1851,  Mr.  Packwood,  in  the  mean- 
time, visiting  all  the  important  mining  centers 
in  northern  California.  In  March,  1851,  they 
returned  to  the  old  homestead  on  the  Nesqnally 
river,  and  Mr.  Packwood  there  pursued  farming 
and  stock  raising  uninterruptedly  until  1869. 
He  then  sold  his  farm  and  removed  with  his 
family  northward  to  Snohomish  county,  Wash- 
ington, where  they  remained  one  summer,  dur- 
ing which  time  Mr.  Packwood,  who  is  an  en- 
thusiastic mine  explorer,  prospected  in  all  the 
northern  part  of  the  Territory  searching  for 
minerals. 

In  the  autumn  of  1871,  he  and  his  family  re- 
turned once  more  to  Thurston  county,  where  he 
pre-empted  160  acres  in  Haniford  swamp,  six 
miles  from  Tenino,  on  which  he  proved  up  and 
then  sold  it.  He  then  took  a  homestead  of  160 
acres,  situated  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Cen- 
tralia.  on  the  Skookumehnck  river,  on  which  he 
and  his  family  resided  eight  years,  he  in  the 
meantime  prospecting  throughout  all  narts  of 
Oregon  and  Washington.  At  the  end  of  this 
time,  he  sold  his  farm  and  brought  his  wife  to 
reside  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Jacob  Croll,  on 
McMinnville  j^'^irie,  Thurston  county.  He 
then  took  a  coal  claim  at  Sulphur  Springs,  near 
Tenino,  Washington,  and  he  is  at  present  super- 
intending its  working,  it  being  one  of  the  best 
coal  claims  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and 
when  more  fully  developed,  will  yield  an  end- 
less amount  of  excellent  coal.  Thus,  after  a  life 
of  change  and  vicissitudes,  Mr.  Packwood  is  in 
a  fair  way  to  acquire  a  fortune,  if  not  in  a  gold 
mine,  at  least  in  one  as  good,  whose  products 
are  indispensable  and  always  exchangeable  for 
the  golden  metal. 


5AMUEL  B.  PARRISH,  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  then 
known  as  Oregon,  was  born  in  Allegany 
county.  New  York,  February  25,  1838,  a  son  of 
Rev.  J.  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Winn)  Parrish, 
natives  also  of  that  State.  The  father,  a  black- 
smith and  harness-maker  by  trade,  joined  the 
little  missionary  band  in  1839,  under  the 
guidance  of  Rev.  Jasen  Lee,  and  in  company 
with  Rev.  Alven  F.  Waller,  Rev.  Gustavns 
Hines.     Hamilton     Campbell     and     otiiers,    all 


honored  names  in  the  early  history  of  Oregon, 
they  sailed  from  New  York  on  the  bark  Lausan, 
and  after  eight  months  of  tossing  on  the  Atlan- 
tic and  Pacific  oceans  they  arrived  safely  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river.  They  went  tlience 
up  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  to  the 
vicinity  of  Salem,  Oregon,  where  the  little  mis- 
sion band  had  been  established  by  Rev.  Jasen 
Lee  in  1838.  Mr.  Parrish  followed  his  trades 
as  opportunity  offered,  also  located  a  donation 
claim  near  Salem,  and  acted  as  teacher  and  mis- 
sionary among  the  Indians.  With  the  settle- 
ment of  the  country  he  became  connected  with 
church  work,  in  which  he  was  very  active  nntil 
his  retirement  in  recent  years,  and  now  lives  in 
Salem,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-seven 
years.  The  early  history  of  Oregon  is  the  his- 
tory of  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Parrish,  who  was  so 
prominently  connected  with  the  interests  of  the 
church,  State  and  education.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Willamette  University  at 
Salem,  and  for  many  years  afterward  was  the 
able  and  honored  president  of  the  institution. 

Samuel  B.  Parrish,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
received  his  education  in  the  above  university, 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1857. 
During  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'56  he  carried 
the  Government  express  through  the  Willam- 
ette valley  for  the  superintendent  of  Indian 
affairs.  In  1857  he  engaged  in  the  cattle  busi- 
ness, driving  from  Oregon  to  British  Columbia 
and  the  Eraser  river  mines,  and  continued  in 
that  occupation  about  two  years.  In  1858  Mr. 
Parrish  opened  a  small  book  and  stationery 
store  at  Portland;  in  1863  became  connected 
with  the  railroad  interests  in  Oregon,  first  being 
associated  with  S.  G.  Elliott,  and  later  with  Ben 
Holliday;  from  1870  to  January,  1873,  held 
the  office  of  Inspector  of  Customs;  in  the  latter 
year  was  appointed  Commissioner,  under  T.  B. 
Odenale.  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs;  went 
into  eastern  Oregon  to  preserve  the  neutrality  of 
the  Piutos  and  Snake  Indians  during  the  Modoc 
wars;  later  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the 
Malheur  reservation,  of  which  he  was  subse- 
quently appointed  Indian  Agent,  continuing  in 
that  capacity  until  in  August,  1876,  and  then 
resigned  his  position,  as  the  reservations  were 
all  placed  under  the  management  of  the  churches. 
Mr.  Parrish  then  engaged  in  mining  in  Grant 
county,  Oregon,  also  served  as  assistant  manager 
of  the  Monumental  Mining  Company,  but  in 
September,  1880,  returned  to  Portland  to  accept 
the   appointment   of    weigher    and    ganger   for 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


N.  F.  ShiirtlefF,  collector  of  cnstoras.  In  April, 
1884,  Mr.  Farrish  was  appointed  Chief  of  Po- 
lice of  the  city  of  Portland,  and  after  reorgan- 
izing the  entire  department,  faithfully  performed 
the  duties  of  the  office  until  his  retirement  in 
August,  1892. 

Mr.  Parrish  was  married  at  Halsey,  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  to  Addie,  a  daughter  of  John 
Crabb,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  that  State. 

In  the  fall  of  1892  the  attention  of  onr  sub- 
ject was  attracted  to  the  German  Remedy  Com- 
pany, and  the  marvelous  cures  in  cases  of  alco- 
hol, morphine  and  tobacco  habits.  In  company 
with  Captain  J.  T.  "Watson  and  John  R.  Duff, 
lie  purchased  the  agency  for  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, and  established  their  headquartei-s  at 
Seattle,  January  1,  1893.  The  principles  of  the 
remedy  have  been  in  use  in  Germany  lor  over 
eighty'years.and  it  is  the  oldest  cure  known  for 
alcohol  and  delirium  tremens,  and  was  success- 
fully employed  at  Berlin  for  many  years.  About 
1870  the  remedy  was  brought  to  America,  to 
cure  the  habit  of  stiong  drink,  its  efficiency  hav- 
ing been  ^ati^ful■tlil■ily  demonstrated.  In  1888 
the  German  luuKciy  Company  was  organized, 
and  the  tii-st  institution  was  established  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  Iowa.  The  treatment  also  covers  the 
cure  of  morphine,  cocaine,  opium  and  tobacco, 
and  in  each  branch  it  is  safe  and  sure  in  its 
effects,  witiiout  pain,  suffering  or  mental  dis- 
order, but  by  a  cleansing  and  purifying  influence 
builds  up  the  system  and  restoies  the  dejected 
patient  to  his  original  health,  strength  and  man- 
hood. The  institute  at  Seattle  is  gaining  daily 
in  strength  and  usefulness, and  the  many  patients 
speak  highly  of  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  and 
treatment. 


ICHARD  DE  L  ANTY,  vice  president  of 
the  Commercial  Bank,  of  Port  Town- 
send,  and  Sheriff  of  Jefferson  county, 
Washington,  was  born  in  Orono,  Maine, 
February  21,  1843.  His  parents,  Richard  and 
Joanna  Ue  Lanty,  were  pioneers  of  the  Pine  Tree 
State,  where  his  father  was  a  thrifty  farmer  and 
both  parents  passed  their  entire  lives. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm,  and  attended  the  schools  of  the 
county  until  1861.  He  then,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  started  out  for  self-support,  and,  hav- 
ing heard  of  the  gold  excitement  in  California, 


r^^ 


he  decided  to  make  the  PaciSc  coast  the  scene 
of  his  labors.  He  accordingly  embarked  at 
New  York  city,  via  the  Panama  route,  for  the 
new  El  Dorado,  and  in  due  course  of  time  ar- 
rived safely  in  San  Francisco.  From  there  he 
started  for  the  mines  in  Mariposa  county,  wiiere 
he  passed  the  winter  in  mining.  Jn  the  spring 
of  1862,  he  went  to  Virginia  city,  Nevada,  and 
engaged  in  lumbering  and  mining  on  the 
Truckee  and  Carson  rivers,  which  occupations 
he  continued  until  May,  1869.  He  then  visited 
the  Puget  Sound  district,  and  settled  at  New 
Dungeness,  engaging  in  the  lumber  business  in 
Clallam  and  Jefferson  counties.  In  1882  he 
removed  to  Port  Townsend,  where,  in  1884,  he 
was  elected  County  Commissioner  by  the  Re- 
publican party,  in  which  capacity  he  served  effi- 
ciently for  two  years.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  Jefferson  county,  and  his  faithful  ser- 
vice was   endorsed   by   the   people  in  1890  and 


and  1892  by  his  re-election. 


sopie  11 
He  wa; 


jppoii 


Deputy  United  States   Marshal   in  1890,  and  is 
still  discharu'in'r  the  duties  of  that  office.       He 


has  alw 


ays 


tak 


ivy  interest  in  the  devel 


opment  of  Poi-t  Townsend,  liaving  been  one  of 
the  incorporators  of  the  Cominerctial  Bank,  of 
that  city,  and  having  since  continued  on  its 
board  of  directors,  besides  assisting  in  various 
other  enterprises  calculated  to  advance  the  local 
welfare. 

Mr.  De  Lanty  was  raai-ried  at  New  Dungen- 
ess,  in  1871,  to  Miss  Jane  Caroline  Rollins,  a 
native  of  Maine,  and  they  have  four  children: 
Benjamin  F.,  William  W.,  Mark  S.  and  Violet 
Beatrice. 

Socially,  Mr.  De  Lanty  affiliates  witii  the  1. 
O.  O.  F.,'K.  of  P.  and  tlie  B.  P.  O.  E.  As  a 
man  he  is  distinguished  for  energy  and  upright- 
ness, w'hile  as  a  citizen  he  is  progressive  and 
liberal-minded,  and  as  a  public  official  is  char- 
acterized by  all  those  qualities  which  give  sta- 
bility to  the  municipality  and  State. 


THOMAS  JEFFRSON  CHERRY,  who 
has  resided  in  Squak  valley,  engaged  in 
farming  since  his  settlement  there  in 
1865,  is  the  subject  of  the  following  iiio- 
graphical  notice.  He  was  born  in  Tuscaloosa 
county,  Alabama,  February  23,  1823,  a  son  of 
James  and  Ellen  (Sanders)  Cherry.  During  his 
infancy  his  parents  removed  to  Mississippi,  and 


HlSTOItY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


later  to  Arkansas;  there  Thomas  J.  remained 
until  1857,  when  he  went  to  Illinois;  lie  did 
not  tarry  long  in  this  State,  but  went  to  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  two  years. 

In  1862  he  made  the  trip  across  the  plains  to 
the  Pacific  coast.  It  was  a  long,  tedious  jour- 
ney, and  on  the  way  he  drove  a  yoke  of  oxen, 
this  service  paying  for  carrying  his  clothing  and 
his  board  during  the  time  on  the  road.  He  ar- 
rived in  Olyrapia  in  October,  1862,  and  spent 
the  winter  there.  In  the  spring  of  1863  he 
came  to  Seattle,  and  for  five  months  was  em- 
ployed on  a  ranch  on  the  Dwamish  river.  He 
followed  various  vocations  until  the  spring  of 
1865,  when  he  came  to  Sqnak  valley.  He  first 
engaged  in  teaming  at  the  coal  mines,  but  soon 
afterward  located  a  ranch  of  160  acres  near  the 
head  of  the  lake;  later  he  securred  the  title  to 
this  tract  under  the  pre-emption  laws,  and  re- 
tained the  whole  until  1874,  when  he  disposed 
of  eighty  acres,  for  which  he  received  $200. 
Mr.  Cherry  has  taken  an  r.ctive  interest  in  the 
agricultural  i)roducts  of  this  section  of  the  State, 
and  is  highly  respected  by  the  entire  commu- 
nity in  which  he  resides.  He  has  never  mar- 
ried. 

rREDERICK  H.  PETERSON,  a  member 
of  the  Seattle  bar.  was  born  in  Hamburg, 
-^  Germany,  November  2,  1861.  He  was 
primarily  educated  in  the  schools  of  Hamburg, 
and  in  1873  emigrated  with  his  father  to  the 
United  States,  locating  in  Milwaukee,  Wiscon- 
sin. He  immediately  entered  the  high  school 
of  that  city,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  be- 
came a  student  in  the  Spencerian  Business  Col- 
lege. The  following  year  Mr.  Peterson  began 
teaching  school  at  St.  Martin's,  and  although  his 
understanding  of  the  English  language  was  very 
incomplete,  he  followed  that  occupation  in  Wis- 
consin and  northern  Minnesota  until  nineteen 
years  of  age.  Learning  that  there  was  a  West 
Point  cadetship  open,  he  was  inspired  to  enter 
for  examination,  although  there  were  nineteen 
competitors.  Passing  the  rigorous  ordeal,  he 
came  out  at  the  head  of  the  line,  and  duly  re- 
ceived the  appointment  by  Hon.  Henry  Poeh- 
ler,  of  Shakopee,  Minnesota.  After  two  years 
at  West  Point,  Mr.  Peterson  decided  that  as 
promotion  was  slow  he  wtuild  resign  and  resume 
the  study  of  law,  which  had  been  his  favorite 
ambition  since  his  fifteenth   year.      He  accord 


ingly  returned  to  Milwaukee,  and  after  spend- 
ing a  few  months  in  the  law  office  of  Messrs. 
Stark  &  Brand,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
January,  1883.  He  immediately  began  prac- 
tice in  Milwaukee,  but  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  removed  to  Seattle,  although  without  a 
friend  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Mr.  Peterson  at  once  opened  an  ofiice  in  this 
city,  and  early  in  1884  formed  a  partnership 
with  Hon.  C.  D.  Emery,  which  continued  but  a 
few  months.  Our  subject  then  continued  the 
practice  of  law  alone  until  the  fall  of  1887,  when, 
with  V.  H.  Faben  and  R.  H.  J.  Pennyfeather, 
the  partnership  of  Peterson,  Faben  &  Penny- 
feather  was  established,  and  tliis  continued  un- 
til 1890.  Since  that  Dime  Mr.  Peterson  has 
continued  alone,  and,  while  following  general 
law,  his  desires  incline  him  to  admiralty  and 
title  litigation.  He  is  in  no  sense  a  politician, 
but  a'ter  the  Chinese  riots  of  1886,  he  was  in- 
duced to  become  a  candidate  for  the  office  of 
City  Attorney,  on  the  anti-Chinese  ticket,  and 
was  elected.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  a  can- 
didate for  no  office,  preferring  the  emoluments 
of  his  profession,  which  lead  him  in  channels  of 
thought  and  study  congenial  to  his  literary 
tastes. 

In  November,  1886,  Mr.  Peterson  was  mar- 
ried in  Seattle  to  Miss  Ella  White,  a  native  of 
Ohio.  They  have  one  child,  Genevieve.  So- 
cially, Mr.  Peterson  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  K.  of  P.,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Royal  Arcanum,  and 
was  a  charter  member  of  the  Seattle  Turn  Ver- 
ein  society.  In  »the  strict  sense,  he  is  a  self- 
made  man,  as  from  early  life  his  education  and 
support  have  been  gained  by  personal  efforts, 
and  thus  he  acquired  keen  foresight,  good  judg- 
ment and  jierfect  self-reliance. 

q^  E0R(4E  KELLY,  a  successful  business 
r/  man  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas- 
I  sachusetts,  March  10,  1839,  a  son  of  Na- 
^  thaniel  and  Judith  (Coggin)  Kelly,  na- 
tives also  of  that  State.  Our  subject's  prelim- 
inary education  was  gained  in  the  public  schools 
of  Boston,  but  his  practical  knowledge  was  ac- 
quired in  his  varied  experiences  through  life. 
At  the  age  of  thirteen  years  he  was  apprenticed 
to  learn  the  machinist  and  engineer's  trade, 
serving  five  years  in  the  several  branches  of 
those  pursuits,  and  finally  became  master  of  his 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


profession.  Mr.  Kelly  was  then  emplojed  as 
engineer  b}'  Harris  &  Morgan,  of  New  York 
city,  working  five  years  on  their  line  of  steamers 
plying  between  New  York  and  New  Orleans, 
two  years  on  their  steamers  running  between 
New  Orleans  and  Havana,  and  from  that  time 
until  1869  worked  in  their  machine  shops  in 
New  Orleans.  In  the  latter  year  he  returned 
to  New  York,  but  later  embarked  for  San  Fran- 
cisco, via  the  isthmus,  arriving  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  year.  After  reaching  that  city  onr  sub- 
ject found  ready  employment  in  the  machine 
shop  of  the  Miners'  foundry,  remaining  there 
iintil  1871.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Puget 
Sound,  and  first  found  employment  as  machin- 
ist in  the  Port  Gamble  mills;  subsequently  was 
engaged  by  the  Port  Discovery  Mill  Company 
as  engineer  of  their  tug  boat,  S.  L.  Mastic,  four 
years,  and  then  as  engineer  of  the  tug  Blakeley 
for  the  Port  Blakeley  Mill  Company.until  1879. 
Mr.  Kelly  then  purchased  the  Seattle  boiler 
works,  of  this  city,  which  he  operated  success- 
fully until  the  fire  of  June,  1889,  his  plant  hav- 
ing then  been  entirely  destroyed.  He  relniilt, 
liowever,  and  continued  until  the  fall  of  1890, 
when  he  sold  his  interest  to  ]\li)raii  iirothers,  by 
whom  the  business  is  now  operated.  Since  that 
time  our  subject  has  been  engaged  in  the  pur- 
chase, improvement  and  sale  of  property  in 
Seattle  and  the  surrounding  country.  During 
the  organization  of  the  city  water  works  and  the 
establishment  of  the  pumping  station  on  lake 
Washington,  he  was  employed  by  the  city  as 
chief  engineer  until  the  machinery  was  in  thor- 
ough running  order. 

Mr.  Kelly  was  married,  in  1876,  to  Miss  Al- 
inira  Davis,  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada,  and 
they  have  three  children:  Howard  D.,  Olive  J., 
and  Clara  E.  Socially,  our  subject  affiliates 
with  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  given  but  little 
attention  to  politics,  preferring  the  emoluments 
of  civil  life  to  those  of  political  fame  or  glory. 
He  is  a  man  among  men,  genial  and  courteous 
in  disposition,  and  cond\icts  his  business  on  the 
New  England  principle  of  honesty  and  justice 
to  all. 


T[J|ON.    ANDREW    J.   MILLS,  of  Clarke 
Ipjj    county,  Washington, Was    born   in    Lake 
J     il    county,    Illinois,    May    8,   1841,   son  of 
•fj  Peter" and  Fannie  (Wickham)  Mills.  The 

Mills  family  were  among  the  early    Dutch   set- 


tlers of  New  Netherlands,  and  'the  grandfather 
of  our  subject  entered  the  patriot  army  in  the 
Revolutionary  war  when  he  was  fourteen  years 
old;  his  accoutrements  used  in  that  struggle  are 
still  in  the  possession  of  the  family.  Peter 
Mills  was  born  in  Schuyler  county,  New  York, 
and  his  wife  was  also  a  native  of  that  county, 
her  people  likewise  being  among  tlie  early  set- 
tlers of  New  York.  The  parents  came  to  Illi- 
nois about  1836,  but  after  about  a  year  spent  at 
Aurora,  Kane  county,  went  back  to  New  York. 
After  the  lapse  of  another  year,  however,  they 
returned  to  Illinois,  this  time  locating  in  Lake 
county.  There  the  father  died  in  1864,  and  the 
mother  in  1882. 

Andrew  J.  Mills  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  his  education  being  received  in  the 
schools  of  that  neighborhood,  and  at  the  old 
Sc unman  Sjho^l  Madison  street,  Chicago. 
When  the  great  Civil  war  burst  upon  the 
country,  he  was  taking  a  course  in  Bryant  & 
Stratton's  Commercial  College,  but  he  left  his 
studies  and  at  once  joined  the  Union  ranks,  en- 
listing at  Greneva,  Kane  county,  and  being  as- 
signed to  Company  A,  Fifty-second  Illinois 
Volunteer  Infantry,  September  6,  1861.  In 
October  the  regiment  went  to  Bentoti  Barracks, 
Missouri,  and  in  April  were  ordered  to  the  front 
reaching  Shiloh  just  in  time  to  participate  in 
both  days'  fighting  of  that  great  battle.  They 
ne.xt  participated  in  the  advance  on  Corinth, 
under  Halleck,  and  after  the  evacuation  they 
remained  in  that  vicinity  until  the  following 
summer,  in  the  meantime,  however,  making  one 
raid  under  Dodge  throngh  the  Cherokee  and 
Tuscumbia  valleys  of  Alabama,  and  participat- 
ing in  the  various  engagements  in  and  about 
Corinth,  including  the  second  battle  there.  Sep- 
tember 0,  one  year  from  the  date  of  his  enlist- 
ment, Mr.  Mills  and  a  number  of  others  were 
captured  at  the  battle  of  Britton's  Lane,  Ten- 
nessee, weretakensomedistanceinto  Mississippi, 
were  paroled  and  sent  back  to  the  Union  lines. 
From  there  they  were  taken  to  the  parol  camp 
at  St.  Louis,  where  they  remained  till  the 
spring  of  1863.  They  were  then  exchanged; 
Mr.  Mills  rejoined  his  i-i>L;iiiu'iit.  (Mimpli'ted  his 
three  years'  term  of  seiv  ici-.  ■.\,i-  -r\\\  t..  Spring- 
field, Illinois,  and  was  tlirriMli>cli;iigrd  October 
25,  1864.  Then  he  re-enlisted  in  Ilancock's 
Veteran  Corps,  and  served  one  year. 

The  war  over,  Mr.  Mills  engaged  in  the  real- 
estate  busine^s  in  Chicago,  in  partnership  with 
Captain  Jerry  M.  Hill,  with  whom  he  continued 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


until  the  fall  of  1868.  Then  he  went  to  Da- 
kota and  settled  near  Vermillion,  Clay  county, 
and  until  1875  gave  his  attention  to  farming 
operations.  That  year  he  removed  to  a  point 
about  three  miles  south  of  Springfield,  Bon 
Homme  county,  same  territory,  where  he  con- 
tinued farming  and  stock-raising  until  1880. 
At  that  time  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Tjnd- 
all,  now  the  county  seat  of  Bon  Homme  county. 
He  had  all  along  figured  prominently  in  public 
affairs,  as  will  be  hereafter  noted,  and  in  1882 
Mas  appointed  by  Governor  Ordway  as  Deputy 
Wiirdeu  of  the  State  Penitentiary  at  Sioux 
Falls,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  six  years. 
In  the  tall  of  1888  he  came  to  Washington,  lo- 
cated in  tlie  Frnitvale  district  of  Clarke  county, 
where  teverwl  of  his  former  friends  and  neigh- 
bors of  Dakota  tad  already  taken  np  their 
residence,  purchased  a  tract  of  land,  and  now 
has  about  twenty  acres,  one  third  of  which  is 
planted  in  fruit,  chiefly  Italian  prunes,  but  in- 
cluding also  a  f;eneral  variety  of  the  fruits 
raised  in  this  region. 

Mr.  Mills  is  a  man  of  I'amil}'.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Chicago,  JSovember  22.  1866,  to  Miss 
Maria  McCollum,  a  native  of  McHenry,  Illinois, 
daughter  of  George  and  Elinda  (Dukes)  Mc- 
Collum, the  tormer  a  native  of  Ohio,  of  New 
York  parentage  and  Scotch  descent;  the  latter  a 
native  of  Ohio  and  of  A^'irginia  pwrentage.  Her 
parents  removed  from  Indiana  to  Illinois  in 
184:0  and  settled  in  McHenry  county,  where 
tlie  father  died  in  February,  1873,  and  the 
njother  in  18S7.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mills  have  five 
children,  viz.:  Alma  and  Edda  (who  are  attend- 
ing Willamette  University),  Clarence  Morton, 
Arthur  Chapin  and  Marion  Fayette. 

Mr.  Mills  is  a  man  of  active  mind  and  pro- 
gressive ideas.  In  Dakota  he  was  active  in 
county  and  Territorial  politics  from  the  time  of 
his  location  there,  taking  a  leading  part  in  con- 
ventions. In  1870  he  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature Irom  Clay  county,  and  served  in  the  ses- 
sion of  1870-71.  He  was  re-elected  in  1872, 
and  on  the  organization  of  the  House  was 
chosen  its  Speaker,  and  as  the  presiding  oflncer 
rendering  efficient  service  during  the  session  of 
1872-'73.  After  his  removal  to  Bon  Homme 
county  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Territorial 
Council  of  Dakota,  serving  in  1876-'77.  He 
also  served  several  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  of  Bon  Homme  county. 
Mr.  Mills  is  a  member  of  Washington  lodge, 
No.  6,  F.  &  A.  M.,  Vancouver;  belongs  to  Fruit 


Valley  Grange,  No.  80,  P.  of  H.,  and  is  Presi- 
dent of  the  County  Council,  J^  of  H.  He  has 
been  a  stanch  Republican  ever  since  his  first 
coiiuection  with  political  affairs. 


^^-^i^^^^^tT^^' 


JAMES  A.  MoWlLLIAMS,  Superinten- 
dent of  the  Union  Electric  Company,  of 
Seattle,  was  born  at  St.  Johns,  New  Bruns- 
wick, September  11,  1839,  a  son  of  Matthew 
and  Nancy  (Harvey)  McWilliams,  natives  also 
of  that  country,  and  of  English  ancestry.  James 
A.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  city, 
where  he  also  learned  the  trades  of  millwright 
and  engineer,  following  the  same  as  a  foreman 
of  a  sawmill  in  St.  Johns  until  1883.  In  that 
year  he  came  direct  to  the  Pacific  coast.  He 
was  first  engaged  in  milling  at  Oakland,  Cali- 
fornia, next  with  the  Portland  Milling  Com- 
pany at  Portland,  and  in  1885  took  charge  of 
the  water  works  for  the  Spring  Hill  Company, 
at  Seattle,  superintending  all  work  connected 
with  pumps,  mains  and  reservoirs.  Under  his 
management  the  capacity  of  the  plant  was  in- 
creased from  15,000  gallons  per  day  in  1885,  to 
2,500,000  gallons  per  day  in  1890,  but  in  that 
year  the  plant  was  purchased  by  the  city  of 
Seattle,  and  Mr.  McWilliams  retired  from  the 
management.  He  was  then  appointed  superinten- 
dent of  the  mechanical  department  of  the  Seattle 
General  Electric  Light  Company,  which,  after 
consolidation  became  the  Union  Electric  Com- 
pany, and  he  continued  in  a  like  capacity  with 
the  new  company.  Mr.  McWilliams  was  also 
a  prominent  stockholder  in  that  organization, 
having  been  largely  interested  in  the  first  elec- 
tric light  plant  in  Seattle,  organized  in  1887, 
continuing  his  interest  through  the  several 
changes  to  the  present  consolidation,  -which  is 
the  leading  factor  in  the  electric  lighting  in 
Seattle.  The  company  operates  two  plants,  one 
at  Sixtli  and  Olive  streets,  which  runs  day  and 
night,  with  engines  of  700  horsepower,  and  one 
at  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Charles  streets, 
with  an  equal  amount  of  power,  but  which  runs 
only  at  night,  furnishing  the  arc  lights  of  the 
city  and  incandesceiits  for  commercial  districts. 
Mr.  McWilliams  was  married  in  St.  Johns, 
111  1853,  to  Miss  Eliza  Me-gent,  who  died  in 
1857,  Icavinji  two  children:  John  and  Ada.    He 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


was  again  married,  in  1869,  to  Miss  Mary  Brit- 
ton,  a  native  of  St.  Johns.  She  died  in  Seattle, 
in  July,  1886,  leaving  tour  children:  Mary, 
James,  Alice  and  Eobert.  The  fanaily  reside 
on  the  corner  of  Adams  and  Sherman  avenues, 
overlooking  Lake  Washington,  wliere  Mr.  Mc- 
Williams  erected  his  handsome  residence  in 
1885.  He  also  owns  other  real  estate  in  the 
city,  although  his  chief  interest  is  electricity,  to 
which  he  gives  his  undivided  attention. 


->^i^-^>-€< 


ARVEY  E.  SHIELDS,  a  ir.ember  of  the 
Seattle  bar,  was  born  in  Terre  Haute, 
Indiana,  September  1,  1846,  a  son  of 
John  and  Martiia  (Wilson)  Shields,  na- 
tives of  Ohio.  James  Shields,  the  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  located  in  the  Utter  State  at  an 
early  day,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
House  and  Senate  of  Ohio  for  thirty  years.  He 
wa-i  twice  elected  as  a  member  of  Congress,  was 
a  Deniocrat  in  his  political  views,  and  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession.  John  Shields  was  edu- 
cated to  the  farm  and  tanning  business,  both  of 
which  he  conducted  quite  extensively  in  Ohio. 
He  removed  to  Indiana  in  1832,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  same  occupations  the  remainder  of 
his  life. 

Harvey  E.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  passpd 
through  tlie  public  schools  of  Terre  Haute,  and 
pursued  the  higher  studies  in  Wabash  College, 
Crawfordsville.  Heturning  to  his  native  city, 
he  began  his  law  studies  in  the  office  of  Judge 
William  Mack,  later  entered  the  law  school  of 
Bloomington,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861, 
and  then  entered  on  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Terre  Hante.  Mr.  Shields  also  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  Democratic  politics  of  the 
State,  and  was  frequenty  importuned  to  accept 
public  office,  but  declined  all  offers  in  deference 
to  his  father's  wishes,  who  was  particularly  op- 
posed to  political  preferment.  Our  subject  fol- 
lowed a  general  law  practice  until  1870,  and 
from  that  time  until  1878  practiced  in  Mon- 
mouth, Illinois,  but  for  the  following  seven 
years  he  was  obliged  to  discontinue  his  profes- 
sion on  account  of  ill  health.  lie  finally  detided 
that  a  change  of  climate  might  prove  advan- 
tageous, and  he  accepted  the  appointment  of 
special  agent  of  general   land  office  to   Oregon, 


removing  to  that  State  in  August,  1885,  and 
made  his  headquarters  at  lioseburg.  In  De- 
cember, 1886,  he  was  put  in  charge  of  the  Ore- 
gon City  and  Olympia  land  districts;  removed 
his  office  to  Portland;  June  30,  1887,  was  ap- 
pointed Receiver  of  Olympia  land  office  by 
President  Cleveland;  took  charge  of  the  office 
August  15,  that  year,  and  November  1,  follow- 
ing, removed  the  office  to  Seattle,  Washington. 
June  30,  1889,  Mr.  Shields  was  removed  from 
that  office  by  a  change  in  administration.  He 
then  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
having  devoted  his  time  to  land  law  until  1889, 
and  since  that  time  has  followed  a  general  prac- 
tice. He  is  a  genial,  courteous  gentleman,  very 
successful  in  his  profession,  and  enjoys  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice. 

In  1872,  Mr.  Shields  was  married  in  Mon- 
mouth, Illinois,  to  Miss  Martha  Nies,  a  native  of 
Ohio.  Our  subject  affiliates  with  the  F.  &.  A. 
M.,  the  K.  of  P.,  and  for  the  past  three"  years 
has  been  treasurer  of  the  Mutual  Loan  & 
Building  Association  of  Seattle.  H^  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  is 
closely  identified  with  the  enterprise  and  de- 
velopment of  the  Queen  City  of  the  Northwest. 


5AMUEL    S.    WALDO,    Manager  of    the 
\   Farmers  Insurance  Company,  of  Seattle, 
^ was  born  in  Caledonia  county,  Vermont, 

in  July,  1833,  a  son  of  Leonard  O.  and  Caroline 
(Hooker)  Waldo,  natives  also  of  that  State.  The 
parents  were  descended  from  the  Puritans  of 
New  England.  Samuel  S.  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  educated  at  the  Caledonia  County  Grammar 
School,  the  oldest  educational  institution  of  the 
State.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  young 
Waldo  joined  the  tide  of  emigration  toward 
the  setting  sun,  and,  duly  arriving  in  Ohio, 
taught  school  in  Champaign  county  one  year. 
He  then  followed  the  commission  business  in 
St.  Louis  until  1857,  when  he  located  at  Wenona, 
Illinois,  and  was  there  engaged  in  the  general 
mercantile  and  grain  business  with  his  brother- 
in-law,  W.  R.  Mills,  until  1861.  In  that  year 
Mr.  Waldo  retired  from  the  firm,  and,  as  sales- 
man for  a  nursery  company  of  Rochester,  New 
York,  traveled  tliiough  Virginia,  Maryland  and 
Delaware.  In  1863  he  embarked  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  in  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa,  and  three 


niSTORy    OF    WASHINGTON. 


years  later  was  elected  Recorder  of  Hardin 
county,  filling  that  office  l<y  re-election  four 
years.  (Jnr  subject  next  pnrcliaeed  aflonrmill 
at  Eldora,  county  seat  of  Hardin  county,  wliicli 
lie  operated  five  years,  and  was  then  obliged  to 
discontinue  business  on  account  of  ill  health. 
In  1880  he  again  opened  a  mercantile  store  at 
Conrad,  Illinois,  ai;d  at  the  same  time  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster,  but  in  1885  resigned  his 
Eositiou,  sold  his'business,  and  came  to  Seattle. 
[e  first  purchased  land  near  Meydeuhaner  bay, 
on  Lake  Washington,  where  he  Mas  engsged  two 
years  in  farming  and  making  improvements. 

In  1887  Air.  Waldo  engaged  in  the  insurance 
businefs  in  this  city,  and  in  December  1888, 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Farnsers'  In- 
surance Company,  of  Seattle,  of  which  he  was 
elected  secretary.  This  company  was  incor- 
porated with  a  capital  stock  of  $2U0,000,  which 
is  largely  owned  by  the  farmers  and  hop  grow- 
ers of'the  State.  They  began  writing  insurance 
in  March,  1889,  and  in  the  following  year  Mr. 
Waldo  was  made  manager  of  the  concern.  The 
ci-miiany  is  non-board,  preferring  to  govern  its 
own  rates,  and  while  accepting  a  general  line 
of  insurance,  they  make  a  specialty  of  farm  and 
dwelling  risks,  following  a  conservative  policy 
when  it  comes  to  city  property,  and  by  this 
principle  they  have  escaped  the  great  fires  of 
Seattle,  Spokane  and  Ellensbuig;  82,000  is  the 
limit  of  insurance  on  one  risk,  thus  reducing  the 
hazard.  The  company  has  advanced  steadily 
to  the  front  and  is  well  reputed  among  the  in- 
surance companies  of  the  Northwest.  They 
hold  a  re-insurance  contract  with  the  State  In- 
surance Company  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and 
Mr.  Waldo  is  also  general  agent  of  Washington 
for  the  Indiana  Underwriters  Insurance  Com- 
pany, of  Indianapolis. 

In  Wenona,  Illinois,  in  1858,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Martha  Bennett, 
a  native  of  Maine,  and  a  descendant  of  Governor 
Carver,  the  first  Governer  of  Massachusetts. 
They  have  three  children,  viz.:  Carrie  May,  now 
Mrs.  A.  B.  Cook,  of  Whidl.y  island;  Dean  A. 
and  Noma.  Socially,  Mr.  Waldo  atfiliates  with 
the  F.  &  A.  A.,  and  the  Odd  Fellows. 


HARLES     F.     SMITH,    Postmaster    of 
Kalama,  the  county  seat  of  Cowlitz  coun- 
ty,   Washington,  is   a   native  of  Canada, 
born     September     17,     1843,     son     of     Daniel 


and  Martha  Jane  (Waddle)  Smith.  He  was 
the  second  born  in  their  family  of  five 
children.  When  a  boy,  he  went  to  live  with  a 
maternal  aunt  in  New  York  city,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  ship  joiner  of  her  liusband, 
Mr.  John  Hall.  After  acquiring  the  trade  he 
worked  at  it  for  a  time,  but  left  it  to  join  a 
minstrel  troupe,  witli  wliich  he  tiaveled  about 
lour  years.  He  then  engaged  in  the  hotel  busi- 
ness in  a  Canadian  tow  n,  where  he  remained  one 
year,  and  from  tiiere  returned  to  his  home.  At 
this  time  he  was  commissioned  by  Oliver  Mar- 
vot  as  a  member  of  the  Cimadiau  police,  but 
resigned  after  two  years  of  service. 

Leaving  Canada,  Mr.  Smith  went  to  Grand 
Forks,  Dakota,  where  he  was  employed  as  a 
forem.an  for  J.  W.  Ross,  builder  and  contractoi-, 
and  remained  with  him  eighteen  months. 
Afterward  he  went  to  the  Devil's  Lake  country, 
ai.d  served  two  years  as  Sheriff  of  Ramsey 
county.  During  this  time  he  accumulated  con- 
siderable property  there,  and,  upon  retiring 
from  the  Sheriff's  office,  he  disposed  of  his 
property  and  removed  to  Turtle,  Montana, 
where  he  resided  six  years,  serving  as  Deputy 
United  States  Marshal  and  Timber  Insptctor 
for  that  district.  From  there  he  came  to  Kala- 
ma, Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  in  1889,  and 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building.  In  Dec- 
ember, 1892,  he  was  appointed  Pot-tmaster  of 
Kalama,  in  which  capacity  he  is  universally 
recognized  as  an  efficient  officer. 

Mr.  Smith  was  married  July  25,  1868,  to 
Miss  Jane  Orser,  a  native  of  Canada  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Pennsylvania-Dutch  ancestry,  lier 
family  history  dating  back  in  Pennsylvauia  to  a 
period  before  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Smith  have  two  children:  Eva  I.  and 
Claude  H.  The  former  is  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  Kalama. 


'ij^j    W.  MALONET,   who  owns  and    occu- 
K^     pies  a  small  fruit  farm  at  Sunrner,  Pierce 
I    \\   county,  Washington,  dates   his   birth   at 
^/  Tawas  City,    Iosco    county,    Michigan, 

July  26,  1855.  His  father  was  an  Irishman  by 
birth,  and  a  blacksmith  by  trade.  Tiie  latter 
moved  back  and  forth  from  Michigan  to  Cana- 
da during  the  boyliood  days  of  R.  W.,  and  at 
the  various  places  where  they  lived  young  Ma- 
loney  attended  school  and  worked  in  his  father's 


UltiTORY    OF    WASHINOTON. 


blacksmith  shop.  When  he  was  eighteen  years 
old  he  commenced  steamboating  on  the  great 
lakes,  being  employed  on  various  vessels  for 
five  years,  and  for  ten  years  having  charge  of  a 
boat  on  Lake  Superior.  In  1885  he  came  to 
Tacoma,  "Washington,  and  the  first  year  he  and 
his  brother  Tiioinas  built  a  boat,  which  they 
ran  for  two  years.  In  1888  he  moved  to  the 
town  of  Sumner,  bought  a  house  and  small 
fruit  farm,  and  here  he  has  since  lived  and  pros- 
pered. 

He  miirried  Eliza  J.  FallowHeld  in  1879,  and 
they  have  one  son.  Mr.  Maloney  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.  and  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He 
has  served  as  Marshal  of  Sumner  two  years. 
Besides  his  property  here  he  also  owns  im- 
proved property  in  Tacoma. 


LFRED    H.   TITCKER,    Mayor  of  Fort 
Townsend  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of   that  city,    was    born    in   Portsmouth, 
■f/  New   Hampshire,  May   4,  1839.      He  is 

the  only  child  of  John  and  Sarah  A.  (Berry) 
Tucker,  both  na'ives  of  the  same  State,  and 
descendants  of  Puritan  ancestry.  John  Tucker 
was  a  California  pioneer  of  1849,  where  he  fol- 
lowed mining  until  1858,  when,  on  the  outbreak 
of  the  gold  excitement  on  the  Eraser  river, 
British  Columbia,  he  started  for  that  district. 
On  his  arrival  at  Puget  Sound,  however,  he 
found  that  the  golden  bubble  had  burst,  and  he 
concluded  to  settle  at  Port  Townsend.  He  there 
followed  his  trade  of  carpentry  until  1870,  and 
then  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  which  he 
continued  until  his  death  in  1876,  universally 
regretted. 

Alfred  II.  Tucker  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Portsmouth  until  his  fifteenth  year.  Becom- 
ino-  then  imbued  with  a  spirit  of  adventure,  he 
went  to  sea,  sailing  on  cotton  trading  vessels  be- 
tween Southern  and  European  ports.  After 
four  years'  experience  he  returned  to  his  native 
city  and  passed  three  years  in  learning  the  car- 
penter trade.  He  then  again  went  to  sea,  going 
as  ship's  carpenter  and  eventually  filling  the 
offices  of  second  and  first  mate.  In  1862  he 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  via  the  Panama  route, 
proceeding  direct  to  Port  Townsend  to  join  his 
father.  On  his  arrival  there  he  engaged  in  con- 
tracting and  building  in  which  he  was  engaged 
until   1883.     He  then   became  associated  with 


C.  W.  Flint  and  C.  H.  Pink,  organizing  the 
Quimper  Manufacturing  Company,  with  a  cap- 
ital of  $15,000,  which  was  subsequently  in- 
creased to  $30,000.  Mr.  Tucker  was  elected 
treasurer,  in  which  capacity  he  has  ever  since 
continued.  They  built  a  factory  55  x  110  feet, 
at  the  cornel-  of  Water  and  Madison  streets, 
with  storage  and  wharf  facilities  in  the  rear. 
This  place  was  provided  with  complete  machin- 
ery for  sawing,  planing  and  turning,  and  they 
were  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors, 
blinds  and  house  finishing  materials,  conducting 
a  very  extensive  business  up  to  the  depression  of 
1889,  but  are  now  running  in  accordance  with 
the  demands  of  the  city.  In  1889  Mr.  Tucker 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick  with  a 
steam  plant  and  an  annual  capacity  of  1,500,000 
brick,  thus  supplying  the  building  material  for 
the  principal  business  blocks  in  the  city.  He 
built  the  Tucker  block  in  1870  and  owns  other 
valuable  property  about  the  city,  taking  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  development  of  his  community. 

In  1867  Mr.  Tucker  was  married  in  Port 
Townsend,  to  Miss  Mary  Jane  Caines,  daughter 
of  Captain  Joseph  Caines,  a  pioneer  of  1853, 
They  have  four  children;  Herbert,  Marshall. 
Hiram  and  Alice. 

Politically  Mr.  Tucker  is  a  Democrat  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  He 
ablv  served  his  constituents  for  one  term  in  the 
State  Legislature,  lending  his  best  efforts  to  ad- 
vance the  general  welfare.  He  was  also  for  four 
terms  a  member  of  the  City  Council,  and  in 
1892  was  elected  Mayor  of  Port  Townsend, 
which  ofBce  it  is  needless  to  say  he  tills  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  all  concerned. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Tucker  is  an  active  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  encampment,  also  of  the 
twentieth  degree,  Scottish  Rite,  F.  &  A.  M. 
As  a  man  and  citizen,  he  is  distinguished  by 
those  qualities  which  build  commonwealths  and 
contribute  to  the  advance  of  nations. 


cCABE  AND  HAMILTON,  the  large 
stevedoring  tirm  of  Tacoma,  and  Seattle, 
Washington,  has  been  operating  on  an 
extensive  scale  under  the  present  title 
since  June,  1891.  They  are  virtually  the  suc- 
cessors of  the  Puget  Sound  Stevedoring  Com- 
pany, which  was  organized  in  the  spring  of 
1888,  with  Captain  James  Carroll,  now  of  San 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Francisco,  as  president;  W.  L.  McCabe,  vice 
president;  J.  P.  Betts,  secretary;  and  Ed  S. 
Hamilton,  bookkeeper  in  Tacoma.  The  last 
named  gentleman  left  tbe  company,  engaged  in 
business  on  his  own  accoiint,  and,  later,  Mr. 
McCabe  also  left  it  to  join  Mr.  Hamilton,  when 
the  present  firm  was  organized,  and  now  the 
great  bulk  of  the  stevedoring  for  the  ports  of 
Tacoma  and  Seattle  is  done  by  tiiem.  Their 
business,  however,  is  confined  to  the  extensive 
foreign  shipping  which  centers  at  these  portg, 
nine-tenths  of  its  grain  being  handled  by  them 
as  well  as  a  large  portion  of  the  lumber  trade; 
besides  this  they  do  all  the  business  in  their  line 
for  the  China  steamers  of  the  JMorthern  Pacific 
Steamship  Company,  as  also  its  chartered  sail- 
ing vessels,  and  in  transferring  cargoes  from 
these  steamcis  to  fast  overland  specials,  have 
many  times  made  records  which  will  always 
stand'  to  their  credit.  They  have  kept  pace 
with  the  commerce  of  Tacoma;  consequently 
their  business  has  increased  many  fold.  Up  to 
1880,  when  they  began  operations  as  a  firm, 
there  was  only  one  warehouse  in  Tacoma — that 
of  the  Portland  Shipping  Company;  in  the 
Slimmer  of  1889  the  Tacoma  Warehouse  & 
Elevator  Company  completed  their  large  plant 
and  the  building  of  the  vast  structures  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Elevator  Company  followed. 
The  completion  of  these  and  other  facilities  for 
handling  foreign  commerce  has  been  met  with 
increased  preparations  on  the  part  of  McCabe  & 
Hamilton,  who  now  constantly  employ  from 
sixty  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  men. 

Captain  Ed  S.  Hamilton,  of  the  above  firm, 
ranks  as  one  of  the  representative  men  of  Ta- 
coma. He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  Queens 
county,  New  York,  July  15,  1865,  sou  of 
George  W.  and  Caroline  (Agnew)  Hamilton. 
The  Hamiltons  are  one  of  the  old  and  promin- 
ent families  of  New  York. 

The  Captain  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
and  was  educated  in  its  common  schools  and  at 
Westchester  County  Institute,  where  he  gradu- 
ated with  the  class  of  1882.  His  early  business 
training  was  received  in  a  clothing  establish- 
ment at  Peekskill  and  in  a  iiotel  at  Sing  Sing. 
Early  in  life  he  developed  a  taste  for  polities, 
and  when  hardly  more  than  a  boy  in  years  he 
went  to  Albany  witii  General  Husted,  two  sess- 
ions, first  as  clerk  of  the  General's  committee, 
and  afterward  as  his  private  secretary.  In 
1887-'88  he  was  clerk  of  the  committee  on 
ways  and  means  of  the  New  York  Legislature. 


While  at  Albany  he  met  and  formed  the  ac- 
quaintance of  neai-ly  all  the  men  prominent  in 
public  life  in  the  Empire  State. 

The  date  of  his  arrival  in  Washington  was 
1888.  Here  for  a  time  he  was  engaged  in  the 
real-estate  business  at  Port  Townsend.  In 
October  of  that  same  year  he  located  in  Tacoma 
where  he  became  bookkeeper  for  the  Puget 
Sound  Stevedoring  Company,  and  subsequently 
was  promoted  to  the  position  of  its  manager.  In 
1889  he  engaged  in  stevedoring  on  his  own  ac- 
count, and,  later,  he  and  W.  L.  McCabe  formed 
the  firm  of  McCabe  &  Hamilton,  as  above 
stated. 

Captain  Hamilton  has  taken  a  prominent  part 
in  both  ranks  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is 
Past  Chancellor  of  Tacoma  Lodge,  No.  42,  and 
has  been  three  times  elected  representative  to 
Grand  Lodge.  Since  July,  1892,  he  has  been 
Commander  of  Sunset  Division,  No.  20,  Uniform 
Uank,  the  best  drilled  company  and  banner  or- 
ganization of  the  State. 

He  was  married  in  Tacoma,  April  9,  1891,  to 
Miss  Emma  Ridgeway,  a  native  of  New  York 
State. 

STEPHEN  MICHAEL  NOLAN,  a  prom- 
inent pioneer  and  capitalist  of  the  North- 
west, is  a  resilient  of  Tacoma,  Washing- 
ton. 

He  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  New  York, 
April  17,  1835,  son  of  John  and  Ann  (Mat- 
thews) Nolan.  March  20,  1852,  he  bade  adieu 
to  his  Eastern  home  and  started  for  California, 
via  Cape  Horn,  as  a  passenger  on  board  the 
steamship  Pioneer,  and  reached  his  destination 
in  the  latter  part  of  August.  He  lived  at  va- 
rious points  along  the  coast  until  1858,  engaged 
in  lumbering  and  farming,  and  in  June  of  that 
year  he  went  to  Victoria  and  up  the  Eraser 
river,  and  the  following  year  he  spent  in  min- 
ing and  trading.  In  September,  1859,  he  came 
to  the  Sound  country,  first  to  Port  Townsend 
and  later  to  Port  Ludlow,  opening  a  hotel  at 
the  latter  place  in  1860  and  conducting  the 
same  for  several  years.  J')uring  that  summer 
he  spent  some  time  in  eastern  Washington  and 
in  the  Boise  basin.  He  continued  the  hotel 
business  until  1872,  during  this  period  having 
charge  at  different  times  of  the  following  hotels: 
the  Eureka  House  at  Walla  Walla,  the  Pioneer 
House  at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  and  the  International 


HISTORY    OF    WjiSUlNGTON. 


Hotel  at  Placerville,  Idaho.  In  1872,  upon  re- 
tiring from  the  liotel  business,  he  purchased 
480  acres  of  hind  in  Chimacura  valley   and   es- 


tablished a  stock  and  daii 


fan 


Thi 


IS   prop- 


erty he  still  owns.  He  remained  on  the  farm 
until  1877,  when  he  came  to  Tacomaand  opened 
a  grocery  in  the  Fife  block,  continuing  business 
there  until  1881,  when  he  moved  into  his  own 
building  on  Pacific  avenue,  between  Eleventh 
and  Thirteenth  streets.  This  business  he  sold 
to  Hotchkiss  &  Go.  in  1888,  and  retired.  All 
these  years  he  has  been  extensively  engaged  in 
real-estate  transactions,  and  his  business  career, 
both  as  a  merchant  and  a  real-estate  dealer,  has 
been  one  of  marked  success,  he  still  being  the 
owner  of  much  valuable  property.  He  has  a 
controlling  interest  in  the  Tacoma  Passenger  & 
Baggage  Transfer  Company,  ofHce  at  111  Tenth 
street. 

Mr.  Nolan's  home,  a  magniticent  residence, 
which  he  erected  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  is  sur- 
rounded by  spacious  and  attractive  grounds  and 
is  located  on  American  lake,  ten  miles  south  of 
Tacoma.  He  was  married  October  13,  1880,  to 
Miss  Helen  I.  McCann,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Mary  McCann,  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Nolan  has  taken  an  active  an  commend- 
able interest  in  public  affairs,  and  has  been  gen- 
erous in  his  support  of  all  worthy  causes.  He 
wes  a  member  of  the  first  and  second  Boards  of 
Trustees  of  Tacoma. 


THEODOKE  F.  PETERMAN;— Among 
the  younger  business  men  of  the  State  of 
Washington,  a  mention  of  whose  inter- 
ests comes  within  the  scope  of  this  vol- 
ume, is  he  whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  lie 
came  to  Tacoma  as  a  young  man,  in  the  infancy 
of  Tacoma,  and  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial manufacturers  of  the  city.  An  outline 
of  his  career,  therefore,  becomes  of  interest  in 
this  connection. 

Theodore  F.  Peterman  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, born  at  Ruttenbruck,  county  of  Meppen, 
province  of  Hanover,  December  25,  1857,  his 
parents  being  Frederick  and  Christiana  (Schrei- 
ber)  Peterman,  the  father  having  been  an  officer 
in  the  customs  department  of  the  German 
Government.  Young  Peterman  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  place  and 
also  in  a  gymnasium   school,  and    immediately 


after  completing  his  studies  left  his  birthplace 
for  the  New  World.  At  this  time  he  was  just 
past  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  it  was  by  himself 
that  he  set  out  to  try  his  fortune  in  America, 
sailing  from  Hamburg  January  17,  1873,  and 
landing  at  New  York  city  after  a  successful 
oceiu  voyage.  From  there  he  proceeded  to  S;m 
Francisco,  where  he  arrived  in  March,  and  went 
to  live  with  an  uncle  who  was  a  resident  of  Cal- 
ifornia. In  order  to  complete  his  education 
and  to  became  proficient  in  the  English  language 
he  attended  school  at  Mount  Eden,  Alameda 
county.  His  first  employment  in  this  country 
was  with  the  firm  of  Schroeder  &  Albrechp, 
wholesale  candy  manufacturers,  No.  226  Battery 
street,  San  Francisco,  with  whom  he  remained 
two  years.  After  this  he  went  to  work  for 
Blethen  &  Terry,  corner  of  First  and  Broad- 
way, Oakland,  with  whom  he  remained  from 
1875  until  1879.  After  leaving  this  firm  he 
spent  a  short  time  in  San  Francisco,  and  then 
came  up  to  Puget  Sound,  arriving  in  Tacoma 
early  in  1880.  About  the  only  institution  here 
of  any  magnitude  that  offered  an  opportunity 
for  em])loyment  was  the  mill  of  Hanson  &  Co., 
in  the  old  town,  and  there  he  secured  work,  re- 
maining in  the  mill  until  August.  He  then 
went  to  work  in  the  furnitui-e  factory  of  Hull 
&  Paulsen  at  Seattle,  and  continued  with  tliem 
until  the  latter  part  of  March,  1881.  At  that 
time  he  returned  to  Tacoma  and  about  the  first 
of  April  engaged  in  the  sawmill  of  M.  F.  Hatch 
&  Co.,  witii  vvhich  firm  he  con'inued  until 
1887.  Next  he  went  to  Hoquiam  to  take  charge 
of  the  planing  machines  in  the  mill  of  the 
Northwestern  Lumber  Company,  and  remained 
with  that  company  until  his  final  return  to 
Tacoma  to  start  in  business  for  himself. 

At  this  point  it  may  be  well  to  mention  an 
important  event  in  Mr.  Peterman's  career.  He 
was  about  the  first  competent  workman  in  Ta- 
coma on  mouldings  and  kindred  work,  but  hav- 
ing passed  through  such  periods  of  dullness  as 
prevailed  during  a  great  portion  of  his  resi- 
dence here,  he  had  about  come  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  it  would  be  well  to  look  about  for 
something  substantial  in  another  direction,  as 
he  had  made  up  his  mind  to  remain  here.  Ac- 
cordingly he  purchased  from  the  Land  Com- 
pany, at  $20  an  acre,  a  piece  of  land  twenty 
acres  in  extent,  where  he  intended  in  the  future 
to  make  his  residence  and  have  a  little  farm. 
It  would  have  been  a  very  enthusiastic  man 
who    would   have   then  predicted  that  the  city 


U I  STOUT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


would  in  such  a  short  time  reach  out  to  and 
beyond  his  purchase.  The  turn  came,  however, 
and  in  1889  he  received  an  advantai^eous  otfer 
for  his  property  and  sold  it,  receiving  for  it  the 
sum  of  1325  an  acre.  It  }  assed  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Cowan,  who  laid  it  off  into  "Cowan's 
addition"  to  the  city  of  Tacoma.  The  result  of 
this  investment  of  his  savitigs  enabled  him  to 
make  a  start  in  business  for  himself,  and,  being 
of  an  independent  temperament,  he  was  not 
long  in  determining  to  do  so.  He  purchased 
land  on  Jefferson  avenue,  and  in  1889  built 
upon  it  a  small  planing-mill.  His  business 
prospered  to  such  an  extent  that  he  found  it 
necetsnry  to  make  such  substantial  improve- 
ments and  additions  in  1890  and  1891,  ihat  the 
small  mill  of  1889  has  now  grown  to  an  enter- 
prise four  times  its  original  size,  extending 
from  ?533  to  2541  (inclusive)  Jefferson  avenue. 
This  site  is  one  of  the  most  favorable  in  the 
city  for  such  an  establishment,  being  conven- 
ient to  the  business  center,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  the  well-planked  avenue.  The  ma- 
chineiy  also  is  of  the  lest  construction,  and 
there  is  no  better  fitted  institution  of  the  kind 
in  Tacoma.  It  is  operated  chiefly  on  local  and 
Sound  trade,  though  some  extensive  work  is 
done  for  the  country  east  of  the  mountains. 

Mr.  Feterman  was  married  in  Olympia,  No- 
vember 15,  1887,  to  Miss  Kate  Corcoran,  a 
native  of  Washington.  They  have  one  child, 
Olive  Gladys. 

Mr.  Peterman  is  now  Yice-Grand  of  Crescent 
Lodcre,  No.  44,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Encampment  and  Canton  of  Tacoma. 

Although  a  young  man,  he  has  accomplished 
a  great  deal,  when  it  is  considered  how  few 
there  are  that  rise  from  the  ranks  to  become 
themselves  business  men  and  employers.  It  is 
not  so  many  years  since  he  came  to  Tacoma,  at 
which  time  his  entire  capital  consisted  of  75 
cents;  but  he  had  qualities  which  supplied  what 
he  lacked  in  a  financial  way,  and  to-day  he  is 
ranked  with  the  substantial  manufacturers  of 
the  citv. 


[ON.  C.  C.  PAOETT,  of  Chehalis,  Wash- 
ington, one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  North- 
west, and  a  prominent  and  representative 
citizen  of  this  State,  is  a  native  of  Ohio. 
He  was  born  and  reared    in   the  vicinity  of  Cin- 


cinnati, and  after  he  had  finished  his  literary 
studies  he  completed  a  medical  course  in  that 
city.  Alter  his  graduation  he  at  once  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  there,  and 
prior  to  his  coming  to  this  coast,  in  1851,  prac- 
ticed principally  in  Ohio  and  Minnesota.  When 
he  came  to  Oregon,  in  the  above-named  year,  he 
located  in  that  part  of  the  Territory  which  is 
now  in  the  State  of  Washington.  After  stop- 
ping for  a  time  on  the  Cowlitz  river,  he  pro- 
ceeded northward  to  the  Puget  Sound  country, 
and  began  practice  where  Sbelton  is  now  lo- 
cated. In  those  pioneer  days  he  practiced 
throughout  the  Sound  settlements,  the  region 
along  Nesqually,  Squaxon  and  Puyallup  being 
principally  the  scene  of  his  professional  labors 
lor  a  number  of  years. 

Dr.  Pagett  gained  prominence  not  only  as  a 
professional  man,  but  also  for  the  active  part  he 
took  in  public  affairs.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Territorial  Council,  and  was  made  president  of 
that  body.  In  the  Indian  wars  of  1855-'56  lie 
took  an  active  and  effective  part,  serving  as  an 
officer  in  those  struggles  for  the  defense  of  the 
settlers'  homes  and  families.  He  has  always 
taken  a  commendable  interest  in  public  matters, 
although  at  present  he  is  not  as  active  as  lie 
was  in  former  years. 

He  was  married  in  this  State  to  Urania  Pinto, 
daughter  of  H.  H.  Pinto,  who  was  one  of  tiie 
earliest  traders  on  the  Cowlitz  river.  Their 
family  is  composed  of  four  children,  one  son  and 
three  daugiiters. 

C.  C.  Pagett,  Jr.,  an  active  business  man  of 
Tacoma,  came  to  this  city  in  1889,  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  telegraph  company,  the  office  then 
being  on  the  wharf.  Previous  to  that  time  he 
had  been  in  charge  of  a  telegraph  office  at  Steil- 
acoom.  Since  1889  he  has  been  in  business  for 
himself. 


-^^M 


^1^- 


LOUIS  ROTHSCHILD,  a  prominent  bnsi- 
]    ncss  man  of  Port  Townsend,  was  born  in 
\  this   city,  April   6,  1866,  a  son  of  David 

C.  H.  and  Doretta  (Hartnng)  Rothschild,  of 
German  ancestry.  The  father  was  born  at  Sulz- 
bach,  Bavaria,  Germany,  August  17,  1824,  re- 
ceived a  collegiate  and  commercial  education, 
and  in  June,  1843,  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in  Har- 
rodshurg,    Kentucky,  until  1848,  when  he  made 


nisTuur  OP   wahhington. 


a  visit  to  his  native  country,  and  on  his  return 
to  America  came  direct  to  C'alifornia,  arriving  at 
San  Francisco  November  1,  1849.  Mr.  Roth- 
schild then  followed  mining  and  merchandising 
until  1854,  then  visited  China  and  tiie  East 
Indies,  returned  to  California  in  1857,  and  in 
the  following  year  located  in  Port  Townsend. 
He  was  engaged  in  merchandising  until  1881, 
and  in  that  year  entered  the  shipping  and  com- 
mission business  under  the  iirin  name  of  Iloth- 
schild  &  Company.  This  partnership  became 
widely  and  favorably  known,  and  was  continued 
until  Mr.  Eothschild's  death, in  1886,  at  the  age 
of  sixty-three  years.  He  was  an  old  and  hon- 
ored member  of  the  Masonic  order.  He  was 
made  a  Master  Mason  in  Mt.  JSIebo  Lodge,  No. 
257,  in  New  York  city,  in  1853,  and  in  the 
sprii.g  of  1859  became  a  member  of  the  Port 
Townsend  Lodge,  No.  6.  In  August,  1869,  he 
was  made  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  at  Victoria,  in 
1872  received  the  thirty-second  degree  of  Scot- 
tish Rite  Masonry,  and  in  September,  1873,  was 
elected  Grand  Master  of  Masons  for  Washing- 
ton Territory,  having  previously  served  in  the 
subordinate  positions  of  that  order.  He  was 
also  an  active  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows. 

Louis  Rothscbild  attended  the  schools  of  Port 
Townsend  until  fourteen  years  of  age,  after 
which  he  was  employed  as  clerk  by  his  father 
until  the  latter's  death.  In  company  with  his 
brother,  Henry,  he  C(.)ntinued  the  shipping  busi- 
ness under  the  old  name  of  Rothschild  &  Com- 
pany until  October,  1889,  when  Hetiry  retired 
from  the  firm,  and  Fred  L.  Macondray,  a  native 
of  San  I^'rancisco,  became  a  partner.  They  still 
continue  business  under  the  name  of  Rothschild 
&  Company.  The  firm  own  the  tug  boat  Dis- 
covery, and  are  engaged  in  towing  from  deep 
sea  to  Puget  Sound  and  British  Columbia  ports. 
They  also  conduct  a  general  shipping  commis- 
sion business. 


\l  AlljlLLlAM   E.    BAILEY.— Among 
urUi     later  arrivals  in  Seattle  who  contribu 
■1  Ml     generously  toward  the  rebuilding  of 


the 
ibuted 
jly  toward  the  rebuilding  of  the 
city  after^the  destructive  tire  of  June,  1889,  was 
the  above  named  gentleman,  who  quickly  recog- 
nized the  opportunities  then  offered  for  invest- 
ment, and  was  one  of  the  foremost  to  enter  the 
breech,  thereby  expressing  in  language  stronger 
than  words  his  faith  and  confidence  in  the  future 


of  the  fire  swept  city.  He  was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  February  10,  1860,  a  son 
of  Charles  L.  and  Emma  H.  (Dull)  Bailey,  na- 
tives also  of  that  State.  The  father  is  one  of 
the  most  successful  iron  manufacturers  in  Penn- 
sylvania, IS  president  of  the  Charles  L.  Bailey 
Company  and  of  the  Central  Iron  Works,  two 
of  the  largest  nail  and  iron  plate  manufactories 
east  of  the  Alleghany  mountains;  is  also  exten- 
sively connected  with  the  iron  interests  of  the 
South,  and  is  one  of  the  successful  financiers 
and  enterprising  developers  of  Ilarrisburg. 

William  E.  Bailey  was  educated  under  a  pri- 
vate tutor,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  at 
Pottstown  Academy,  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  then  completed  an  academic  course  at  Phil- 
lips Academy,  at  Andover,  Massachusetts,  in 
1878.  He  next  entered  Yale  College,  graduat- 
ing at  that  institution  in  1882.  Mr.  Bailey  then 
spent  one  year  in  traveling  through  Europe,  and 
after  returning  to  this  country  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  his  father,  as  Treasurer  of  the  firm  of 
Charles  L.  Bailey  Company,  and  secretary  of 
the  Central  Iron  Works,  performing  the  duties 
of  these  offices  until  Octol>er,  1888,  thereby 
gaining  valuable  business  experience.  In  the 
fall  of  the  latter  year  he  made  lui  extended  trip 
through  the  AVest  and  Northwest,  and,  being 
greatly  impressed  with  the  natural  advantages 
and  prospective  future  of  Seattle,  purchased 
120x108  feet  of  land  on  the  corner  of  Second 
and  Cherry  streets,  as  a  matter  of  investment. 
The  land  was  then  covered  with  two  and  three- 
story  business  houses.  At  the  time  of  purchase 
Mr.  Bailey  had  not  decided  upon  immediate 
settlement  in  this  city,  but  while  continuing  his 
travels  through  Califonia  the  disastrous  fire  of 
June,  1889,  swept  aci-oss  his  property,  and  after 
his  return  he  was  among  the  first  to  take  steps 
tuward  reliuilding  the  city.  As  hotel  accommo- 
dations seemed  the  most  pi-essingly  demanded, 
Mr.  Bailey  was  among  the  most  active  in  pro- 
moting the  erection  of  the  Rainier  Hotel,  which 
was  completed  within  sixty  days  after  signing 
the  contract.  During  that  time  he  also  completed 
his  arrangements  for  the  erection  of  the  Bailey 
building,  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Cherry 
streets,  seven  stories  high,  built  of  Tenino 
stone,  and  fitted  with  all  modern  improvements, 
making  one  of  the  most  elegant  office  buildings 
in  the  city.  Mr.  Bailey  has  acquired  other  valu- 
able l)usiiifs>  iini|)erty  on  Second  street,  and  is 
largely  iiiiiii-h'.l  in  several  of  the  leading  cor- 
porations of  the  city.     He  is   vice-president  of 


HISTORY    OF    W.L<:niNGTON. 


the  Guarantee  Loan  &  Trust  Company,  one  of 
the  organizers  and  the  Urst  president  of  tiie 
Washington  Territorial  Investment  Company, 
vice-president  of  the  Seattle  Terminal  Railway 
&  Elevator  Company,  director  of  the  People's 
Savings  Bank,  and  sole  owner  of  the  Seattle 
Times,  one  of  the  leading  daily  newspapers  of 
the  city. 

In  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  September,  1892, 
Mr.  Bailey  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Fay  H.,  second  daughter  of  General  Eussell  A. 
Alger,  a  gentleman  of  wide  acquintance  and  na- 
tional repute. 


APTAIN  SILAS  N.  GREE^'LEAF,  a 
skillful  navigator  of  the  sea,  and  a  resi- 
dent of  Seattle,  was  born  at  Westport, 
Maine,  August  23,  1837,  a  son  of  Westbrook 
and  Emeline  (Clifford)  Greenleaf,  natives  also 
of  that  State,  and  descended  from  Puritan  stock. 
The  father  followed  agriculture,  lumber  and 
fishing  interests.  At  an  early  age  Silas  N. 
manifested  a  desire  for  the  sea,  and  at  the  age 
of  twelve  years  began  accompanying  his  father 
on  his  fishing  excursions  in  the  summer,  and 
attended  the  district  schools  during  the  winter 
months.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  his  am- 
bition carried  him  beyond  the  scope  of  a  Ush- 
erman's  experience,  and  he  gained  a  reluctant 
consent  from  his  father  to  sail  on  the  sea.  Com- 
mencing as  a  common  sailor,  Mr.  Greenleaf 
gradually  ascended  the  scale,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  became  first  officer.  He  was  a 
steady,  reliable  lad,  conforming  strictly  to  par- 
ental direction  until  his  twenty-first  year,  and 
turned  over  all  the  accumulated  savings  to  his 
father. 

After  reaching  his  majority  he  started  in  life 
for  himself,  and  immediately  embarked  for  the 
Pacific  coast,  sailing  around  Cape  Horn  on  the 
ship  Memnon.  At  San  Francisco,  in  January, 
1859,  he  shipped  as  first  officer  on  the  brig  W. 
D.  Eice,  sailing  to  Puget  Sound  ports;  in  1861 
became  master  of  his  first  vessel,  the  bark  Ork, 
sailing  in  the  coast  trade  and  to  Puget  Sound; 
in  1863  became  master  of  the  bark  Georcre 
Washington;  in  1865  sailed  on  the  clipper  ship 
Helious  in  the  same  trade;  and  in  1866  returned 
to  Maine  and  bought  an  interest  with  R.  H. 
and  Joseph  Tucker  in  the  ship  Samoset.  Mr. 
Greenleaf  brought  a  cargo  of  coal   from  Phila- 


delphia to  San  Francisco,  makiug  the  trip  in 
145  days.  During  that  year  he  carried  eight 
cargoes  to  and  from  coast  ports.  Selling  his 
ship  in  December,  1868,  after  one  of  the  most 
successful  years  of  his  experience,  he  again  re- 
turned to  Maine,  where,  with  the  Tucker  Broth- 
ers, he  bought  the  ship  Othello,  on  which  he 
brought  coal  from  Philadelphia  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. He  then  sailed  with  a  cargo  of  lumber 
to  Callao,  next  with  guano  from  the  coast  of 
Peru  to  Hamburg,  with  a  general  cargo  to  Phil- 
adelphia, was  then  in  the  cotton  trade  to  1872, 
next  with  petroleum  to  Havre,  and  then  with 
steel  rails  to  IS'ew  York,  the  latter  selling  for 
$90  per  ton,  which,  within  ten  years,  sold  under 
a  protective  tariff  at  less  than  $28  per  ton.  On 
a  subsequent  trip  to  Havre,  while  leaving  port 
in  ballast,  the  ship  was  driven  ashore  near  St. 
Var,  inside  of  Cape  Bathflour,  but  the  Captain 
succeeded  in  escaping  with  his  family  and  crew, 
although  the  ship  was  abandoned  and  sold. 
The  Captain  returned  to  Maine  by  steamer. 
He  then  bought  an  interest  in  the  ship  Union, 
and  sailed  in  the  cotton  trade  from  New  Orleans 
to  European  ports  for  seven  years.  For  the 
able  management  of  his  cargo  while  on  fire  at 
New  Orleans,  in  1876,  lie  was  jjresented  a  silver 
medal,  handsomely  inscribed,  by  the  Board  of 
Fire  Underwriters  of  Havre,  also  a  handsome 
chronometer  by  the  Underwriters  of  New  Or- 
leans. 

In  1880  Captain  Greenleaf  went  to  Liverpool 
and  took  charge  of  the  Fanny  Tucker,  on  which 
he  sailed  for  nearly  nine  years,  visiting  the 
principal  ports  of  Europe,  Australia  and  North 
and  South  America.  In  1883,  with  a  cargo  of 
wheat  from  Sau  Francisco  to  Havre,  he  was 
struck  by  a  hurricane  off  Cape  Horn,  two  deck 
l)eams  were  broken,  also  the  house  and  rails, 
and  for  several  days  they  were  driven  before 
the  storm,  the  vessel  almost  buried  in  the  sea, 
but  by  able  management  and  providential  in- 
terposition they  weathered  the  storm,  and,  after 
reaching  the  trade  winds,  the  vessel  was  re- 
paired without  making  port.  In  1889  the 
Captain  sold  his  vessel  and  retired  from  the  sea, 
after  a  most  remarkable  experience  in  naviga- 
tion, as,  during  his  forty  years  upon  the  sea,  he 
never  lost  but  one  man,  whose  death  was  caused 
by  falling  to  the  deck  from  tlie  rigging.  For 
twenty  years  the  Captain  kept  the  daily  tem- 
perature of  air  and  water  on  both  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific,  in  various  quarters  and  months, 
but  the  variation  of  air  and  water  did  not  aver- 


HISTORY     OF    WABHINGTON. 


age  more  than  four  degrees,  much  of  the  time 
being  exactly  the  same.  After  his  retirement 
Captain  Greenleaf  made  a  visit  to  Maine,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Puget  Sound,  locating  at 
Port  Angeles,  He  owned  valuable  property 
there,  and  also  built  the  Greenleaf  hotel,  which 
was  afterward  destroyed  by  lire.  In  1891  he 
moved  with  his  family  to  Seattle,  purchased  his 
handsome  home  on  the  corner  of  Mercer  and 
Mitchell  streets,  and  there  the  family  reside, 
M'hile  Mr.  Greenleaf  attends  to  his  property  in- 
terests in  Seattle,  i'ort  Angeles  and  Port  Town- 
send. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  San  Francisco, 
June  2,  1861,  to  Miss  Annie  A.  Palmer,  a  na- 
tive of  Edgecomb,  Maine.  They  have  two  liv- 
ing children:  Annie  G.,  wife  of  Rev.  Charles 
H.  Percival,  a  minister  of  the  Congregational 
Church  at  Kacine,  Wisconsin;  and  Joseph  T., 
paying  teller  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank  at 
Seattle. 


CHARLES  C.  WOODHOUSE,  Jr.,  a  well- 
known  asssayer  and  mining  engineer,  of 
Tacoma,  Washington,  and  a  uian  esteeujed 
alike  for  his  ability  and  public  spirit,  was  born 
in  Beaver,  Utah,  February  14,  1858.  His  par- 
ents, Charles  C.  and  Sophia  (Kershaw)  Wood- 
house,  were  natives  of  England,  the  former  born 
in  Doncaster.  They  removed  to  America  in 
1849,  and  his  father  has  been  engaged  in  min- 
ing in  Utah  and  Nevada  ever  since,  being  now 
situated  in  Beaver,  the  former  State,  where  he 
follows  raining  and  merchandising. 

Charles  C.  Woodhouse,  Jr.,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  reared  in  the  mining  districts 
of  Utah  and  Nevada,  where  he  received  his  pre- 
liminary education.  He  afterward  attended 
Knox  College,  in  Galesburg,  Illinois,  where  he 
remained  four  years,  taking  a  special  scientific 
course  with  a  view  of  becoming  a  mining  en- 
gineer. When  twenty  years  of  age  he  left 
Knox  College  and  returned  to  Utah,  where  he 
was  at  once  engaged  as  chemist  and  assayer  in 
the  Horn  silver  mine.  He  was  in  the  employ 
of  this  and  other  companies,  among  them  the 
Frisco  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  for  some 
time,  after  which  he  went  to  Montana,  wdiere 
he  was  with  the  Parrott  and  Bell  smelting  com- 
panies for  three  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time 
he  returned  to  Utah,  where,  for  three   years  he 


followed  mining  and  merchandising  on  his  own 
account.  He  then  once  more  came  West,  this 
time  to  Washington,  and  after  mature  cosidera- 
tion,  determined  to  settle  in  Tacoma.  His  rea- 
sons for  so  doing  were  two-fold:  first,  he  had 
reached  the  age  of  thirty-one,  and  felt  that  it 
was  time  he  should  select  a  permanent  location; 
and,  secondly,  being  familiar  with  the  great 
American  mining  districts,  he  reasoned  that 
Tacoma  and  Puget  Sound  would  ultimately  be- 
come the  smelting  center  of  at  least  the  Pacific 
Northwest,  as  it  enjoyed  extensive  railroad  con- 
nection, which  would  subsequently  be  enlarged 
with  the  great  mining  distrits  of  the  United 
States  and  British  Columbia.  Besides  this,  it 
had  connection  by  sea  with  South  America  and 
other  countries,  so  that  the  ores  from  the  vari- 
ous regions  could  be  advantageously  brought  to 
Tacoma  and  mixed,  ready  for  shipment;  and, 
in  addition,  the  coal  and  coke  pi'oblems  were 
solved,  as  the  whole  Puget  Sound  district  is 
fringed  with  these  materials. 

Mr.  Woodhouse  has  a  thoroughly  equipped 
assaying  ofhce  in  Tacoma,  and,  in  his  capacity 
as  mining  engineer  and  geologist,  he  examines 
and  reports  on  mining  property  in  Washington, 
Idaho  and  British  Columbia.  He  is  energetic 
and  capable,  a:jd  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
beat  assayists  in  the  Northwest,  the  mining  in- 
teiests  of  which  he  is  doing  much  to  develop 
and  iticrease. 


[fjf  ON.  GEORGE  BOTHELL  bears  a  name 
[pni    that  is  prominently    identified   with    the 
I     11    history  of  Washington.      He  was  born  in 
•f/  Clarion  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  30, 

1847,  a  son  of  David  C.  and  Mary  A.  (Felmley) 
Bothell.  When  the  great  Civil  war  broke  out, 
young  Bothell  was  a  boy  in  his  teens,  but  his 
patriotic  young  spirit  was  fired  with  enthusiasm, 
and  February"23,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany A,  135th  Pennsylvania  Infantry.  After 
the  term  of  his  enlistment,  nine  months,  had 
expired,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth  Peim- 
sylvania  Cavalry,  and  during  his  service  he  saw 
considerable  hard  fighting.  While  in  the  in- 
fantry he  was  at  Chancellors ville;  was  with 
Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  valley  campaign; 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland, 
July  4,  1804,  and  spent  six  months  in  Ander- 
sonville,  being  paroled  at   Savauah,  Georgia,  in 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


the  early  part  of  1865;  visited  home  for  a  short 
time,  but  returned  to  the  army,  and  was  honor- 
ably discharged   September  18,   1865. 

During  the  twelve  years  immediately  follow- 
ing the  war,  Mr.  Bothell  was  engaged  in  rail- 
roading and  dealing  in  wood  in  Illinois  and 
Missouri.  In  March,  1881,  he  landed  in  Wash- 
ington. For  some  time  he  was  variously  era- 
ployed  in  Seattle.  Then  he  engaged  in  logging 
on  Lake  Union,  employing  as  high  as  tvveuty- 
live  men.  He  oversaw  the  work  of  cutting  the 
canal  between  Lake  L^nion  and  Lake  Washing- 
ton. In  the  fall  of  1886  he  moved  to  Bothell, 
and  the  following  year  platted  twenty  acres  in 
the  town  site.  The  firm  of  Botliell  Brothers  was 
organized  in  1888,  and  in  the  fall  of  1889  they 
built  a  saw  and  shingle  mill,  its  capacity  being 
80,000  shingles  and  25,000  feet  ot  lumber  per 
day.  This  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  October 
6, '1892,  after  which  they  rebuilt  the  shingle 
mill  only,  with  a  capacity  of  125,000  shingles 
per  day. 

Mr.  Bothell  is  a  man  of  family.  He  was 
married  May  15,  1870,  to  Miss  Alice  Hetrick,  a 
native  of  Illinois.  They  have  five  chihlren  liv- 
ing  and  two  deceased,  the  names  of  the  former 
being  Albert,  David  C,  Clara,  George,  Jr.,  and 
Mima. 

JVIr.  Bothell  is  a  public-spirited  and  generous 
man,  and  ever  since  he  took  up  his  residence  in 
Washington  has  been  actively  identified  with  its 
best  interests.  He  was  elected  on  the  Eepub- 
lican  ticket  to  the  first  and  second  sessions  of 
the  Washington  State  Legislature,  in  which 
honorable  body  he  performed  faithful  and 
etticient  service  and  acquitted  himself  most 
creditably. 

—^  • ^  .^,.t.,r^.  J •    .i> 


T[f|ON.    IRA    ALLEN    TOWN,     formerly 
Ir^l    Mayor  of  Tacoma,  now  one  of  the  mem- 
I     1.    bers    of     the     able   law    hrm    of  Tripp, 
^  Town    &  Dillon,  was  born   in    Franklin 

township,  Franklin  county.  New  York,  April  2, 
1848.  His  parents,  Edmund  and  Betsy  E.  J. 
(Lyon)  Town,  were  natives  of  Vermont,  and  de- 
scendants of  early  New  England  ancestors. 


The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  boyhood 
in  the  State  of  his  birth,  and  when  sixteen  years 
of  age,  accompanied  his  parents  to  Freeborn 
county,  Minnesota.  He  later  went  to  Iowa  and 
attended    the  the  Cedar    Valley    Seminary,    at 


Osage,  at  which  he  graduated  in  1873,  with  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science.  During  this 
time  he  defrayed  his  expense  by  teaching.  He 
finished  a  term  of  school  in  the  summer  of  1874, 
an<i,  in  September  of  that  year  entered  the  law 
department  of  the  Iowa  University,  at  Iowa 
City.  He  graduated  at  this  institution  with 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  in  June,  1875, 
by  virtue  of  which  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa. 

After  graduation,  Mr.  Town  continued  his 
legal  studies  for  a  year  in  the  ofiice  of  Stacj  & 
Tyrer,  at  Albert  Lea,  Minnesota,  subsequently 
engaging  in  practice  on  his  own  account  in  that 
town.  On  the  organization  of  Albert  Lea  as  an 
incorporated  city,  Mr.  Town  was  elected  City 
Magistrate,  seri'ing  etficiently  in  that  capacity 
for  two  years.  From  January,  1880,  to  the 
same  month  in  1884,  he  acted  as  Judge  of  the 
Brobate  Court  in  Albert  Lea,  and  would  have 
been  continued  in  office  had  he  not  resigned. 
In  1883  he  had  visited  Washington  and  had 
become  so  favorably  impres.sed  with  the  Terri- 
tory that  he  decided  to  settle  in  Tacoma,  and  re- 
signed with  that  object  in  view. 

The  Judge  arrived  in  Tacoma,  the  city  of 
his  choice,  to  the  interests  of  which  he  has  ever 
since  remained  wedded,  on  March  4,  1884,  and 
in  partnership  with  L.  M.  Glidden  immediately 
opened  an  office,  under  the  firm  name  of  Glid- 
den &  Town.  This  partnership  was  successfully 
continued  for  three  years,  when,  in  1887,  it  was 
dissolved,  and,  after  an  interval  of  a  few  months, 
Judge  Town,  in  connection  with  J.  F.  Fisher, 
founded  the  firm  of  Town  &  Fisher.  In  the 
following  August,  Mr.  Fisher  died,  and,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1891,  W.  W.  Likens  and  Judge  Town 
formed  a  partnership.  In  course  of  time  this 
also  was  dissolved  and  re-organized  by  the  ad- 
mission of  Judge  Tripp  and  C.  H.  Dillon,  in 
which  firm  there  was  another  change  before  the 
present  able  partnership  of  Tripp,  Town  &  Dil- 
lon was  formed,  on  Dei-ember  17,  1892.  This 
has  already  become  a  powerful  copartnership, 
its  several  members  bringir.g  to  their  work  years 
of  experience  and  study,  besides  a  natural  and 
keen  insight  into  legal  affairs,  together  with  a 
reputation  for  honest,  upright  dealing,  unexcelled 
by  any  of  their  talented  competitors".  Their 
prosperity  in  this  abort  time  is  but  a  premoni- 
tion of  that  which  is  to  follow,  and  they  are 
destined  to  become  a  prominent  factor  in  not 
only  the  legal  afi"airs  of  Tacoma,  biit_  also  in 
those  of  the  State. 


HISTORY    OF     WASHINGTON. 


Judge  Town,  when  he  came  to  Tacoma,  fully 
determiied  to  take  no  active  pait  in  politics, 
but  was  drawn  into  public  afFairs  through  a  pe- 
culiar condition  of  circumstances.  The  success 
attending  the  efforts  to  drive  the  Chinese  from 
the  city,  brought  into  office  and  prominence  a 
doubtful  element,  whose  conduct  of  official  mat- 
ters was  not  satisfactory  to  the  more  substantial 
portion  of  the  city's  population.  Accordingly, 
Judge  Town  was  selected,  contrary  to  his  ex- 
pressed wishes  and  protests,  to  head  the  Citi- 
zen's ticket,  with  the  view  of  once  more  estab- 
lishing stable  government  in  Tacoma.  He  hes- 
itated before  accepting  the  nomination,  but 
finally  decided  in  the  affirmative,  and  entered 
the  race  with  vigor  and  determination,  carrying 
off  all  the  honors  in  the  most  exciting  contest 
ever  known  in  Tacoma.  During  his  term  as 
Mayor,  Judge  Town  instituted  a  number  of 
much-needed  reforms,  and  the  better  class  of 
citizens  had  the  satisfaction  of  witnessing  a  re- 
newal of  good  government  and  consequent  pros- 
perity. 

The  enthusiasm  created  by  the  Judge's  able 
administration  of  municipal  affairs,  naturally 
suggested  to  the  people  his  fitness  for  nomina- 
tion as  representative  to  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, which  he  accordingly  received.  The  ad- 
vancement of  Washington  to  the  huiKirs  of 
Statehood,  however,  entirely  changed  the  condi- 
tion of  affairs,  and  he  did  not  run  for  office. 
Besides  these  flattering  testimonials  to  his  abil- 
ity and  worth,  the  Judge  has  leceived  other 
signs  of  appreciationfroin  the  people,  whose  best 
interests  he  has  always  faithfully  served.  Be- 
ing a  stanch  Bepublican,  he  was  elected  by  his 
party  a  member  of  the  central  committee  in 
1886,  and  was  also  made  a  delegate  to  the  State 
convention  of  the  Republicans,  held  at  Olympia 
in  1892,  in  both  of  which  he  did  much  by  his 
wisdom  and  tact  in  bringing  about  mutual  har- 
mony and  CO-'  peration. 

November  22,  1879,  Judge  Town  was  mar- 
ried to  Frances  V.  Steele,  a  native  of  Knox 
county,  Ohio,  and  a  lady  of  rare  worth  of  char- 
acter. On  August  28,  1890,  the  Judge  was 
called  upon  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  devoted 
wife,  who  fur  eleven  years  had  been  his  faithful 
counselor  and  friend.  Their  two  children  are: 
Mary  Elizabeth  and  Frances  Allen. 

Such  universal  commendation  by  an  appre- 
ciative people  renders  furtlier  remarks  l>y  the 
biogi-apher  unnecessary,  unless  it  is  to  call  par- 
ticular attention  to  the  source  and  cause  of  this 


popularity,  which  is  to  be  found  in  his  thorough 
integrity  and  heartfelt  devotion  to  the  best  in- 
terests of  struggling  humanity,  and  it  is  to  his 
honorable  efforts,  and  to  those  like  him,  that 
Washington  owes  her  proud  position  in  the 
nation  to-day. 

r  ALBERT  BARTLETT,  one  of  the  active 
business  men  of  Bort  Townsend,  was 
--  born  in  Kennebunk,  Maine,  March  9, 
1851,  and  is  a  son  of  John  H.  and  Dorothy 
Bartlett,  of  that  city.  He  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Kennebunk  and  when  sixteen  years 
of  age  began  a  seafaring  life,  but  after  one  cruise 
before  the  mast,  he  returned  to  his  liome.  In 
1868  he  started  for  the  Pacilic  coast,  embarking 
at  New  York  city  via  the  Panama  route.  Duly 
arriving  at  San  Francisco,  he  thence  proceeded 
by  sailing  vessel  to  Port  Townsend,  where  his 
brother,  Charles  Carroll  Bartlett,  was  then  lo- 
cated in  the  mercantile  business.  Albert  began 
clerking  for  his  brother,  but  after  a  year  be- 
came wharfinger  on  the  Union  wharf,  at  that 
time  the  only  dock  in  the  city.  During  suc- 
ceeding years,  he  was  occupied  as  assistant 
lighthouse  keeper  at  Smith  island  and  Dunge- 
ness  and  later  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at 
Coupeville,  at  Tulalip  Indian  reservation  and 
at  the  forks  of  the  Snohomish  river.  In  1875 
he  went  to  New  Dungeness  to  manage  the  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  of  his  brother,  where  he 
remained  until  1880.  While  there  he  served 
as  Postmaster,  County  Auditor,  and  conducted 
a  small  hotel.  In  1880  he  returned  to  Port 
Townsend  and  purchased  an  interest  with  his 
brother  and  nephew,  thus  forming  the  iirm  of 
C.  C.  Bartlett  &  Company,  which  was  contin- 
ued up  to  1888,  when  he  retired  from  the  firm. 
He  then  engaged  in  business  as  ship  broker  and 
commission  merchant,  in  which  occupation  he 
has  remained  ever  since,  meeting  with  that  suc- 
cess which  is  the  usual  reward  of  earnest  and 
intelligent  effort. 

In  1878  Mr.  Bartlett  was  married  at  New 
Dungeness,  to  Miss  Imogene  Whittaker,  daugh- 
ter of  an  early  pioneer  of  Port  Townsend,  who 
founded  and  puMislu-d  the  tirst  newspaper  in 
that  city.  Mr.  Martlctt  re.-ides  at  the  corner  of 
Jefferson  and  Tyler  ^tl■^'t'ts.  where  he  has  a  cot- 
tage home  overlooking  the  city  and  bay.  He  has 
improved  business  property  on  Water  street  and 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


other  valuable  city  realty,  being  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  substantial  men  in  the  place.  He  is 
ever  ready  to  aid  any  enterprise  for  liie  benefit 
of  his  coramnnity,  of  which  he  is  justly  recog- 
nized as  a  representative  citizen. 


f^^- 


^..^^^1-1 


EORGE  13.  ADAIR.— It  is  a  pleasure  to 
I  sketch  the  life  of  such  a  prominent  busi- 
ness  man  of  Seattle  as  George  B.  Adair, 
^  who  was  born  in  Seneca  county,  New 
York  in  July,  1847.  His  ancestors  were  of 
Scotch  descent,  from  the  vicinity  of  Edinburg, 
and  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  the 
eighteenth  century.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Delaware,  and  married  Miss  Mary  Van  Tuyle,  of 
Pennsylvania,  descended  from  old  pioneer  stock 
from  Holland.  Henry  Adair  followed  farming 
until  1851  when  he  started  for  California,  via 
Cape  Horn,  to  try  mining.  He  met  disaster  by 
fire  and  flood  which  reduced  him  to  penury;  he 
then  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  in 
Placer  county  until  1870  when  he  returned  to 
his  family  in  Seneca  county  and  passed  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  there. 

George  B.  Adair  has  supported  himself  since 
he  was  eleven  years  old.  He  spent  three  years 
with  his  uncle,  Isaac  Van  Tuyle,  working  on  the 
farm  in  summer  and  attending  school  during 
the  short  term  in  winter.  He  was  apprenticed 
for  three  years  to  learn  the  hardware  trade  with 
"William  Langworthy,  one  of  the  oldest  dealers 
in  tlie  United  States,  a  kind  hearted  gentlemen 
who  took  a  great  interest  in  young  Adair  (who 
was  only  fourteen  years  old.)  After  he  had 
learned  the  trade,  Mr.  Langworthy  sent  him  to 
school  for  one  year  in  Syracuse,  New  York,  and 
then  secured  him  a  position  in  Elmira,  New 
York,  as  buyer  and  manager  for  a  hardware 
house,  but  as  he  had  bronchial  trouble  he  sought 
a  milder  climate.  He  arrived  at  San  Francisco 
in  November,  1868,  and  went  to  the  mountains 
in  search  of  his  father  whom  he  found  and  in- 
duced him  to  return  to  his  family  in  the  East. 

He  spent  a  year  in  the  mountains,  then  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco  and  took  a  position  as 
manager  for  John  J.  May  &  Company,  hardware 
dealers,  of  Boston.  He  served  in  this  capacity 
for  three  years,  when  a  new  firm  was  organized 
and  he  took  an  interest.  This  firm  was  short- 
lived, and  Mr.  Adair  engaged  in  brokerage  busi- 
ness in  iron,  hardware,  etc  ,  with  marked  success. 


In  1880  he  sold  out  and  assisted  in  organizing 
the  Gordon  Hardware  Cerapany,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  was  engaged  as  manager  of  the  sales 
and  interior  department.  In  1888  he  withdrew 
and  came  to  Seattle  and  organized  the  Gordon 
Hardware  Company,  of  Seattle,  becoming  its 
treasurer  and  general  manager,  and  in  the  face 
of  strong  opposition  and  difficulties,  he  has  by 
his  push,  courtesy,  and  honest  transactions  built 
up  an  extensive  business. 

The  fire  of  June,  1889,  caught  them  with  a 
stock  of  $167,000,  which  was  almost  a  total 
loss,  but  they  re-built  upon  a  more  extended 
scale,  and  their  fine  brick  building  at  627-629 
Front,  street  is  filled  with  a  well  selected  stock 
of  hardware,  sporting  goods  and  cutlery,  repre- 
senting every  manufacturing  State  of  the  Union. 
Mr.  Adair  is  interested  in  all  that  pertains  to 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  city.  He 
was  one  of  tlie  original  thirteen  who  organized 
the  Board  of  Trade,  was  elected  the  first  presi- 
dent, and  is  still  holding  the  office.  He  is  a 
meurber  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and 
president  of  the  Mutual  Loan  &  Building  As- 
sociation, of  which  he  was  an  organizer.  He 
was  an  original  stockholder  of  the  Home  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  of  Seattle,  the  North- 
western Express  Company,  Puget  Sound  Dis- 
trict and  the  Seattle  Savings  Bank.  He  helped 
frame  the  new  city  charter  in  1890. 

Mr.  Adair  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in 
1873,  to  Miss  Martha  Jones,  native  of  Califor- 
nia, and  daughter  of  Seneca  Jones,  a  pioneer  of 
1848,  who  came  to  the  coast  via  Cape  Horn, 
and  brought  with  him  his  frame  house,  which 
still  stends  on  Folsom  street,  San  Francisco. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adair  have  five  children:  G. 
Harry,  Mattie  May,  Florence,  Winifred  and 
Ruby  Jean. 

Close,  careful  and  individual  attention  to 
business  or  private  enterprises  is  the  secret  of 
his  abundant  success. 


1^1  OBERT  LY^ALL,  a  medical  practitioner 
I^C'    at  Port  Townsend,  was   born  at   Caith- 
I    V\   ness,  in    the  highlands  of  Scotland,  De- 
•f^  cember  26,  1856.      He  received  his  ed- 

ucation in  the  various  schools  of  Scotland,  and 
at  the  University  of  Edinburg.  In  1878  he 
entered  the  medical  department  of  the  latter 
institution,  but  in  1879,  before  completing  his 


HISTORY    OP     WABHINOTON. 


course,  he  came  direct  from  Glasgow  to  San 
Francitco.  Mr.  Lyall  eubseqiiently  located  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  and,  iiaving  decided  to  locate 
permanently  on  the  coast,  entered  the  medical 
department  of  Willamette  University  where  lie 
graduated  iu  1882.  Alter  spending  a  few 
months  iu  the  Good  Samaritan  hospital  of 
Portland,  the  Doctor  came  to  Port  Townsend, 
and  accepted  the  position  of  phys^icianin  charge 
of  the  Qiiinaintt  Indian  reservation,  at  JSJeah 
Bay,  then  in  charge  of  General  Oliver  Wood. 
After  two  years  there,  Mr.  Lyall  returned  to 
Port  Townsend,  where,  with  the  exception  of 
two  years  spent  in  Australia,  he  has  since  been 
engaged  iu  a  general  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery. 

The  Doctor  was  married  at  Neah  Bay,  in 
1883,  to  Miss  Ollie  May,  a  daughter  of  General 
Oliver  Wood,  who  was  appointed  by  President 
Hayes  as  Indian  Agent  for  the  coast  reserva- 
tions between  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia 
river.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lyall  have  two  children, 
Hugh  Oliver  and  Emily  Jean.  In  his  social 
relations.  Dr.  Lyall  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A. 
M.,  K.  of  P.,  A.  O.  U.  W„  and  of  the  county 
and  State  medical  associations. 


P)ETEP  J.  SMITH,  one  of  the  steady,  re- 
liable agriculturists  of  Squak  valley, 
Washington,  was  born  January  15,  1848, 
in  Lawrence  county,  Illinois,  a  son  of 
Peter  and  Phrebe  (Judy)  Smith.  He  remained 
under  the  parental  roof,  a  member  of  his  fatlier's 
household  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
started  out  to  make  an  independent  career  in  the 
world.  He  went  to  Kansas,  and  for  one  year 
was  in  the  employ  of  the  Government;  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  spent  in  Wyoming  in  the  rail- 
road business,  lint  at  the  end  of  twelve  months 
he  returned  to  Illinois,  and  became  associated 
with  his  brother  in  business.  Under  the  firm 
nairje  of  Smitli  Brothers,  they  operated  a  port- 
able sawmill,  making  a  specialty  of  sawing 
black  walnut;  at  one  time  they  filled  an  order  of 
two  million  feet  for  Colonel  A.  D.  Straight,  of 
Indianapolis,  Indiana;  they  continued  the  busi- 
ness four  years  and  met  with  fair  success. 

In  1875  Mr.  Smith  crossed  the  plains  to  the 
Pacific  coast;  it  was  at  a  time  when  trouble  was 
anticipated  with  the  Black  Hills  Indians,  but  the 
train    with    which  he  traveled  was  not  molested 


and  had  no  serious  mishaps.  He  reached  Seattle 
September  9,  1875,  and  during  the  winter  of 
1875-'7G  was  engaged  in  the  butcher  trade  in 
New  Castle.  In  March  of  187G  he  came  to 
Squak  valley,  and  purchasing  eighty  acres  of 
land  has  since  turned  his  attention  to  tilling  the 
soil;  the  tract  he  bought  was  originally  settled 
by  Thomas  J.  Cherry  whose  history  appears 
elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Here  he  has  led  a 
quiet  life,  devoting  all  his  energies  to  jilacing 
his  land  under  cultivation  and  making  many 
valuable  improvements. 

He  was  married  March  24,  1872,  to  Jose- 
phine Laird,  who  was  born  in  the  State  of 
Illinois. 


NGELO  YANCE  FAWCETT,of  Taco- 

\  ma,  Washington,  one  of  the  most  widely 
known  and  extensive  business  men  in 
the  Northwest,  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  March  6,  1846.  His  parents,  Philip  and 
Martha  (Vance)  Fawcett,  were  thrifty  and  en- 
terprising people.  They  were  pioneers  of  sev- 
eral States,  moving  from  Ohio  to  De  Witt 
county,  Illinois,  in  1853,  and  thence  to  Logan 
c<-)unty,  the  same  State  in  1856.  They  possessed 
all  the  hardy  virtues  engendered  by  life  on  the 
frontier  and  died  as  they  had  lived,  in  the  heart- 
felt esteem  of  all  who  knew  them.  They  carried 
the  arts  of  peace  and  civilization  into  these  new 
places,  and  as  such  are  entitled  to  the  gratitude 
of  luture  generations. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  seven  years  of 
age  when  his  parents  removed  to  De  Witt  county 
in  the  Prairie  State,  and  was  ten  years  old  when 
they  went  to  Logan  county,  where  the  ensuing 
years  of  his  life,  until  the  civil  war,  were  passed. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  of  the 
Seventh  Illinois  Infantry,  and  participated  in 
many  of  the  most  impnrtant  engagements.  He 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  AUatoona,  Georgia, 
but  lost  only  a  short  time,  rejoining  his  regi- 
ment at  Savannah,  the  same  State,  and  for  sixty 
days  was  engaged  in  lighting  with  Sherman  in 
that  General's  march  to  the  sea.  Mr.  Fawcett 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  at  once  re- 
turned to  his  home  in  Illinois. 

He  entered  a  telegraph  office  in  McLean 
county,  that  State,  and  for  eight  years  followed 
telegraphy  in  Illinois.  In  the  spring  of  1876, 
he  became  a   commercial  traveler  for  Kingman 


ni STORY    OP    WA8UINGT0N. 


&  Company,  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  and  was  so  suc- 
cessful that  the  company  placed  him  in  charge 
of  their  brancli  liouse  in  St.  Louis  in  1880, 
but  he  later  put  a  manager  in  charge  of  tliat 
house  and  again  went  on  the  road  where  he  con- 
tinued until  August,  1883. 

In  the  meantime  he  visited  the  JSJorthwest, 
and  becoming  impressed  with  the  wonderful 
opportunities  there  he  decided  to  start  in  busi- 
ness for  himself.  August  15,  1883,  he  arrived 
in  Tacoma,  Washington,  and  in  the  fall  of  that 
year  opened  an  implement  stoie  at  No.  1311 
Pacific  avenue,  under  the  firm  name  of  Fawcett 
Brothers.  This  store  still  occupies  the  same  site, 
but  now  deals  exclusively  in  seed  and  garden 
tools.  Their  main  agricultui-al  implement 
house  being  located  at  1515,  1517  and  1519 
Pacific  avenue.  They  have  branch  houses  in 
both  North  Yakima  and  New  Whatcom,  and 
have  a  large  wholesale  trade  all  over  the  State 
and  throughout  the  I^orthwest.  They  keep  two 
men  on  the  road  attending  to  their  large  and  in- 
creasing trade.  In  1885,  this  company  estab- 
lished a  branch  house  in  Portland,  Oregon,  but, 
after  three  years  closed  it  on  account  of  the 
enorraons  business  done  from  that  vicinity  with 
the  iiouse  in  Tacoma.  In  1891,  the  Fawcett 
Wagon  Company  of  Tacojna,  was  incorporated, 
which  occupies  a  large  establishment  on  Four- 
teenth street.  Fifty  percent,  of  its  manufactured 
products  are  vehicles  besides  which  it  makes 
everything  in  the  implement  line.  Mr.  Fawcett  is 
president  of  the  manufacturing  branch  as  well 
as  of  Fawcett  Brothers  doing  business  at  Ta- 
coma, New  Whatcom  and  North  Yakima,  and 
by  his  able  management  has  done  much  to  in- 
sure their  continued  prosperity.  He  also  liolds 
stock  in  numerous  other  enterprises  in  Tacoma, 
all  of  which  feel  the  impulse  of  his  energy  and 
executive  ability. 

September  28, 1882.  Mr.  Fawcett  was  married 
to  Carrie  Magill,  a  native  of  Mount  Vernon, 
Indiana,  who  has  been  to  him  a  faithful  counselor 
and  a  loving  wife.  They  have  four  interesting 
children:  Vance,  aged  seven  years;  Ethel,  aged 
five;  Edgar,  three  years  old;  and  Jessie,  a  bright 
little  maiden  of  one. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Fawcett  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  of  P.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  the  G.  A.  K., 
Custer  Post,  No.  6. 

One  who  has  read  Mr.  Fawcett's  biography 
this  far,  will  not  be  in  doubt  as  to  the  amount 
of  energy  stored  away  in  his  mechanism,  or  the 
exalted    standard    of  the    motive  power  which 


gives  shape  to  that  force.  Suttice  it  to  say  that 
no  one  has  figured  more  prominently  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  Tacoma  and  the  surrounding 
country,  or  contributed  more  fully  to  her  moral 
welfare  than  Mr.  Fawcett,  whose  hand  is  always 
for  progress,  and  head  and  heart  for  the  better- 
ment of  mankind. 

4M'^¥^ — 


CHARLES  BERGER,  president  of  the 
j  Charles  Berger  Carriage  Manufacturing 
-—  and  Supply  Company,  Tacoma,  Washing- 
ton, is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  business 
men  of  this  city.  A  brief  sketch  of  his  life  is 
as  follows: 

Charles  Berger  was  born  in  Detmold,  West- 
phalia, Prussia,  February  11,  1849,  son  of 
Henry  and  Sophia  (Nalte)  Berger,  his  father  at 
that  time  being  a  government  official.  Between 
the  ages  of  six  and  fourteen  years  Mr.  Berger 
attended  school,  and  after  that  he  learned  the 
trade  of  woodworker,  serving  an  apprenticeship 
of  three  years.  Following  this  term  of  service, 
he  spent  one  year  in  travel  throughout  Ger- 
many. In  1868  he  came  to  America,  landing 
at  New  York,  and  after  a  short  time  there  pro- 
ceeded to  Lake  Superior,  Michigan,  spending 
the  next  six  years  in  that  region  and  at  Cliicago 
and  vicinity.  In  1874  he  went  to  California, 
in  which  State  he  was  located  first  at  Placer- 
ville,  afterward  at  San  Francisco,  and  still  later 
at  other  places. 

It  was  in  1878  that  Mr.  Berger  came  to 
Washington.  Upon  his  arrival  here  he  took 
up  land  on  Skagit  river,  lived  there  about  two 
years,  off  and  on,  and  in  1880  came  to  Tacoma, 
which  was  then  a  small  place  of  about  1,700  in- 
habirant.-,  including  old  Tacoma.  When  he 
landed  in  Tacoma  he  had  but  $10,  and  this 
money  he  invested  in  a  suit  of  clothes.  He 
accepted  anything  he  could  get  to  do,  working 
for  the  railroad  company  and  for  individuals  as 
opportunity  afforded.  With  the  first  $25  he 
earned,  he  purchased  a  lot  on  D  street,  between 
Thirteenth  and  Fifteenth  streets.  This  lot  he 
sulwequently  sold,  and  then  bought  three  more, 
at  a  cost  of  |850;  and  three  or  four  years  later 
he  sold  them  for  $10,000. 

In  1885,  when  the  gap  in  the  railroad  was  in 
process  of  completion,  he  opened  a  shop  at  his 
present  location,  and  in  1891  the  Charles  Ber- 
ger Carriage  Manufacturing  and   Supply  Com- 


iSaiNOTON. 


•ariized  witii 


italt! 


^■2U, 


with    hiin  as   president.     Since   timt 

ts  cuntinned  in  husiuess  here. 

Mr.  liorgcr  is  a.  member  of  Stenbeu  l-odjre, 

No.  65,  1.  < '.  O.  F.:  of    Tacoina  encampment, 

No.  8.;  of  ci  r  ton,  No.  4;    Patriarchs  Militant; 

and  Ttehokap     i-trree  lodsje.    He  ranks  as  one 


,>f  th. 


loncei 


'  Tacoma,  and  has  been  an  eye 


witness  to  its  .•-  w  ierfnl  growth  from  a  border 
llage  to  its  pr'.^-c  •'  position  as  one  of  the  inost 
iportant  cities  ■     •    •>  I'acific  cisast. 


\A7' 

v.M     .. 

iLVNSON,  oue.  of  the 

m  7 

!    proi.n 
the    N'.r 

.r  young   business  men 
-    '"^t    and     the    efficient 

manairer  "f  ' 

ofr-' 

fir 

1...  2;r'"'' 

'   •Miiia  mill,  is  a  native 
Charles  Hanson,  ■ 
"•fima  known  tin- 

When  qu 
went  to  si 


r" 

lumber  ind.<- 
Tacoma,  wh<- 
ness.  He  f'v 
1866,  and 

CJlp,«'"!!V 


the 


It  was  not,  how 

iiiently  settled  in 

_v  l:e  was  one  of  the 

i-arly  foresaw  the  vast 

Sound  country  in  the 

Jjlished  his  mill  at  Old 

country  was  a  wilder- 

•he  site  of  this  town  in 

er  built  a  mill    with  a 

f  lumber  daily.     This 

.  ,^ed    to '275,000 

>i  the  maximum 


llaHBoii,  whose  name  heads  this 

•1'    tJu-  granite  block  in    his  en- 

f  U-.  i.j....^.ii   and  integrity,  was  reared  in  the 

ytate    of    his    nativity,    and    educated    at    St. 

Mattliew's    Hall,    S.in    Mateo,  California.     He 


then  began  a  practical 
business,    beginning 

f;^m•'■nri/i^- !:in:^.-.if  , 


with  ito  exteuhivo    i.' 
he    has  bad  charge 
made  a  trip  around  tl 
ure  and  partly  to  fa- 
couMtripa  whi''h    f<iit<i 


■i-ieiice  in  tlie  lumber 

•le    very   bottom  and 

\'ery  detail,  until  he 

all  intricacies  that 

the  management  of 

large   Tacoma  mill, 

■    interests,  of  which 

1887.     In    1890  he 

■tld,  partly  for  pleas- 

;e  himself   with  the 

•larkets  for  the  out- 

h-alia,  China,  Japan, 

ii'iip',  etc.      In  this 

■  iiifonnatiou,  which 

lenetit  in  the  opera- 

?nterprise,    now  the 

in    the    Northwest, 

the  effects  of  an  en- 

T    management,   and 

ho  is  the  cause  of  it 


vvelfare  of  his  com- 
iiiiM.iv.  Ait.  ilaiii'in  1-  naiurally  a  prominent 
tigure  in  the  social  and  CMmmereial  bodies  of 
Tacoma.  He  belongs  to  th.;  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, to  the  Union,  Commercial  and  Bohemian 
clubs,  and  to  the  B.  P.  O.  E.  Both  he  and  his 
father  have  done  much  by  their  progressiveness 
and  public  spirit  to  develop  the  resources  of 
the  Northwest,  and  deserve  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  a  grateful  people. 


t    \ 


"(.  —  Among    those 
ty,  forethought  and 


nd  vicinity,  and  in- 
ire  of   the  State  of 

.   .,.,.;...,: |.    ,         this  sketch  is  most 

rihy  ot  mention. 

A  native  of  the  Buckeye  State,  he  was  born 
111  Yoimgtown,  August  4,  1861.  When  a  boy, 
liis  parents  removed  thence  to  western  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  passed 
most  of  his  youth.  n>'  acquired  a  practical 
English  edncat  on  in  ti,.'  K;\  stone  State  schools. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


learning  at  lioine  those  lessons  ot  industry, 
economy  and  honesty,  which  have  contributed 
to  his  success  in  life.  When  fifteen  years  of 
age,  he  Joined  the  lide  o1  tmigration  then  set- 
ting in  toward  Colorado,  the  Ltadville  mining 
excitement  then  being  at  its  height,  teaching 
that  place,  he  was  for  a  lime  employed  in  abank 
as  clerk,  the  president  of  that  institution  being 
J.  F.  Eshelnian,  Mr.  Llewellyn's  recent  partner 
and  wMth  whom  he  is  still  connected  iu  a  busi- 
ness way.  Later  on,  Mr.  Llewellyn  became 
cashier  of  a  bank  at  Kohineon,  Colorado,  of 
which  institution  he  was  subsequently  made 
manager.  This  was  prior  to  his  attaining  his 
majority.  In  1882,  still  following  the  Star  of 
Empire,  he  removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  J.  F.  Eshelnian,  under  the 
tirm  name  of  Eshelnian,  Llewellyn  &  Company, 
who  actively  and  extensively  enjraged  in'  the 
real-estate  business.  In  1892,  Mr.  Llewellyn 
rucceeded  to  the  business  of  this  firm,  which  he 
at  present  conducts  in  a  successful  and  profit- 
able manner.  lie  is  also  actively  connected 
with  a  large  number  of  otlier  enterprises  in 
Seattle,  as  director  or  in  some  other  official  capa- 
city. Indeed,  there  are  but  few  enterprises  in 
the  couiniuuity  which  have  not  felt  the  impulse 
of  his  energy  and  ability,  and  he  justly  enjoys 
a  high  measure  of  the  esteem  of  his  fellow 
citizens. 

In  1888,  Mr.  Llewellyn  was  married  to  Miss 
Janet,  daughter  of  J.  W.  George,  one  of  Seattle's 
leading  residents.  Their  home  reflects  comfort 
and  refinement  and  is  the  center  of  attraction  to 
numerous  friends,  who  find  in  the  cheerful  and 
hospitable  surroundings  a  never  ceasing  enter- 
tainment, as  rare  as  it  is  delightful. 


THE  FUGET  SOUKD  FLOURING 
MILL  COMPANY,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  best-known  enterprises  in  the 
Northwest,  which  has  played  an  import- 
ant part  in  the  development  of  the  country  in 
its  vicinity,  was  organized  in  May,  1890,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  §160,000.  It  owns  1,000  feet 
of  water-front  and  a  wharfage  in  Old  Tacoma, 
and  has  the  second  largest  ocean  wareiiouse  on 
Puget  Sound.  The  building  of  their  extensive 
mill  was  begun  in  1889  and  completed  in  the 
spring  of  1890,  when  they  began  operation  and 
have    since   steadily    continued,  slsipping  their 


flour  all  over  the  world.  This  mill  was  built  by 
the  Nordyke  &  Mannon  Company  of  Miune- 
.apolis,  and  is  one  of  the  best  equip]  (d  institu- 
tions of  its  kind  in  the  country.  It  has  twelve 
double  stands  of  rolls,  9  x  24,  and  twelve  meas- 
uring 9  X  30;  forty-five  flour  dusters,  two  shorts 
dusters,  twelve  Smith  purifiers,  five  New  Era 
scalpers,  550-horte  power  Lane  &  Bodley  con- 
densing engine,  a  Kice  automatic  engine  for 
dynamo  running  a  150-light  plant,  a  forty- 
horse  power  Atlas  engine  for  the  elevator,  which 
has  a  capacity  of  80,000  bushels.  The  stated 
capacity  of  this  mill  is  800  bushels  a  day,  and 
it  is  worked  up  to  and  beyond  this  limit.  The 
first  load  of  flour  ever  shipped  from  this 
mill,  or  from  Puget  Sound,  was  in  May,  1890, 
and  was  taken  by  the   British  ship  Earl   Derby. 

Charles  Dawson,  a  practical  miller,  who  has 
been  operating  superintendent  for  tiie  Puget 
Sound  Milling  Company  since  the  building  of 
their  plant  in  Tacoma,  has  no  superior  in  his 
department  of  work  in  the  country,  and  is 
worthy  of  extended  mention  in    this  connection. 

He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Ontario,  Canada, 
May  16,  1856,  and  was  reared  and  educated  iu 
that  vicinity.  In  the  summer  of  1874,  when 
eighteen  years  of  age,  he  left  home  and  weut  to 
Bowm-anville,  Ontario,  whei'e  he  entered  the 
mill  of  John  McDougall,  in  which  he  worked 
for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  lie  went 
to  Napanee,  Ontario,  where  he  worked  for  a 
year  in  the  mill  of  Isaac  Warcup  &  Co.,  after 
which  he  assumed  charge  of  the  mill  of  John 
Eobinson,  in  the  same  city,  in  wliich  establish- 
ment he  remained  for  a  year  and  a  half.  From 
there  he  went  to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and 
later  to  River  Falls,  Wisconsin,  in  winch  latter 
place  he  was  employed  for  a  year  in  the  mills 
of  A.  O.  Freeman.  At  the  expiration  of  that 
time  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  was 
for  two  years  engaged  by  Morrison  &  Co. 
From  there  Mr.  Dawson  proceeded  to  Topeka, 
Kansas,  securing  employment  in  the  Crosby 
roller  mill  of  that  city.  Thence  he  once  more 
returned  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  entered  the 
mill  of  Sidle,  Fletcher,  Holmes  &  Co.,  and  after 
a  short  time  with  them  he  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast.  He  was  first  employed  in  the  Capital 
flouring  mills  at  Salem,  Oregon,  where  he  re- 
mained a  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
took  charge  of  the  Imperial  mills  in  Oregon 
City,  for  the  Portland  Flouring  Mill  Company, 
in  whose  employ  he  continued  a  year  and  a 
half.      He  then  went  to  California  and  was  in 


Il/SJOUr    Oh'    WASHINGTON. 


the  Salinas  mills  of   the   Central    Milliiii;  Com- 


pany 


the  end  of  which   time  he 


went  back  to  Minneapolis  and  again  entered 
the  employ  of  Morrison  &  Co.,  and  superin- 
tended the  overhaiilinj^  of  the  Excelsior  mills. 
When  that  was  completed  he  selected  the  ma- 
chinery and  superintended  the  erection  of  the 
plant  of  the  Puget  Sound  Milling  Company  at 
Tacoma,  since  which  time  he  lias  giv^en  his 
entire  time  and  attention  to  the  operation  of 
this  mill,  the  success  of  which  fully  testifies 
to  his  superior  ability  in   this  line. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Dawson  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order  and  still  belongs  to  liis  old  lodge, 
No.  112,  Minneapolis. 

If  thorough,  capable  work,  honest,  upright 
citizenship  and  liia;h  moral  standing  are  com- 
mendable, we  find  them  all  combined  in  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  justly  entitled  to 
tlie  universal  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 


n\R.  JOHN  F.  BEARDSLEY,  who  is  one 
I   of  the  earliest  physicians  of  Tacoma  now 
practicing  in  that  city,  is  a  native  of  New 

Haven,  Connecticut,  born  March  13,  1857,  son 
of  Smith  and  Katie  (Mallett)  Beardsley.  He  is 
a  lineal  descendant  of  David  Beardsley,  who 
with  his  brother  John,  came  to  this  continent 
from  England,  and  landed  at  Rymoutli  Kock 
during  the  early  settlement  of  the  colonies. 
The  Malletts  are  also  an  old  New  England 
family. 

Dr.  Beardsley  received  his  literary  education 
at  Yale  College,  of  which  famous  institution  he 
is  a  graduate.  Choosing  medicine  as  his  pro- 
fession, he  entered  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  where 
he  graduated  as  a  member  of  the  class  of  1881. 
He  also  took  clinics  in  that  city.  lie  served 
one  year  as  house  physician  in  the  Brooklyn 
city  hospital,  and  in  1882  eame  to  Tacoma, 
"Washington,  arriving  in  the  future  important 
city  on  the  6th  of  October.  Since  that  date  he  has 
practiced  here,  witnessing  in  the  meantime  the 
wonderful  growth  culminating  in  the  Tacoma 
of  to-day.  Six  months  later  he  became  physi- 
cian to  the  Fannie  Paddock  nieinorial  hospital, 
which  post  he  held  until  the  institution  was  re- 
moved to  its  new  quarters.  He  is  now  sni-geon 
for  the  St.  Joseph's  hospital,  and  also  for  the 
Tacon)a  Mill  Company,  having  been  appointed 
in  the  latter  ca[>acityin  1884. 


Dr.  Beardsley  was  married  in  Tacoma,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1887,  to  Miss  Martha  James,  a  native 
of  Buffalo,  New  York,  daughter  of  Phineas 
James,  one  of  the  early  residents   of  that  city. 

Among  the  fraternal  organizations.  Dr.  Beard- 
sley holds  membership  in  both  the  B.  P.  O.  E. 
and  K.  of  P.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Pierce  County  Medical  Society.  Ever  since  his 
advent  to  the  State  his  professional  standing  has 
been  in  the  front  rank,  and  as  one  of  the  pioneer 
physicians  of  Tacoma,  he  is  well  known  and 
highly  respected. 


FB.  Mo  DOUGALL  MILLER,  M.  D.,  is 
one  of  the  distinguished  surgeons  and 
physicians  of  Washington.  He  was  born 
at  Rothshire,  in  the  highlands  of  Scot- 
land, January  1,  1835,  received  his  primary  ed- 
ucation in  the  public  sciiools;  he  then  entered 
tiic  Carlton  Hill  high  school  at  Edinburg  and 
prepared  for  the  University;  entered  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons  of  Edinburg  in  1854,  and 
four  years  later  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
L.  R.  C.  y.  E.  He  then  went  to  Melbourne, 
Australia,  later  to  New  Zealand,  practicing  his 
profession.  In  1872  he  emigrated  to  California, 
locating  at  Oroville.  In  1873  he  took  a  course 
at  the  University  College  of  San  Francisco  (now 
Cooper  Medical  College)  and  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.,  and  returned  to  Oroville,  and  was  ap- 
pointed physician  of  Butte  county  and  surgeon 
of  the  county  infirmary  and  jail. 

In  1876  he  went  to  New  York  and  received 
degrees  from  the  Bellevne  Hospital  College  and 
the  University  of  New  Y^ork  city.  While  in 
California,  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Med- 
ical Society  and  chairman  for  the  years  of 
1880-81  of''the  Committee  on  Surgery. 

Dr.  Miller  came  to  Seattle  in  1882,  but  after 
remaining  a  few  mouths  made  a  trip  to  Europe 
for  the  purpose  of  study  and  research.  He  at- 
tended lectures  at  St.  Bartholomew's  St. 
George's,  and  the  University  City  colleges  in 
London;  then  spent  eight  months  in  medical 
schools  of  Germany  and  Scotland,  and  in  con- 
versation and  study  with  Dr.  Tait,  of  Birming- 
liam,  and  Dr.  Keith,  of  Edinboro,  the  two  cel- 
eln-ated  ovariotomists  of  the  continent,  in  which 
branch  of  surgery.  Dr.  Miller  has  gained  a  wide 
reputation,  through  his  successful  operations. 


{112 


UI8T0RT    OP    WASUINGTON. 


Returning  to  Seattle  in  1883,  he  entered  at 
once  into  a  general  practice,  giving  special  at- 
tention 1o  surgery  and  gynaecology,  and  lias 
built  lip  an  extensive  patronage. 

He  is  married  and  has  six  children,  George 
E.;  Eleanor;  John  C.  S.;  Sinclaire;  Olive  and 
Herbert  L. 

Joiin  C.  S.  is  a  graduate  of  Queen's  Univer- 
sity Medical  College,  of  Kingston,  Canada,  and 
is  in  partnership  with  his  father. 


OSES  R.  MADDOCKS,  one  of  the  re- 
spected citizens  of  Seattle,  was  born  in 
Bucksport,  Maine,  November  13,  1833. 
His  parents,  Ezekial  and  Esther  (Blood) 
Maddocks,  were  natives  of  New  England,  and 
descended  from  Puritan  stock,  though  from 
Welch  and  English  ancestry.  Four  children 
blessed  this  union,  Moses  K.  belt  g  the  young- 
est. At  an  early  age  he  was  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources,  as  his  father  died  when  Moses 
was  but  seven  years  old,  and  in  his  fourteenth 
year  his  mother  passed  away.  He  was  then 
taken  by  an  uncle,  John  Boyd  Blood,  with  whom 
he  passed  two  years,  the  summers  being  spent 
on  the  farm  and  the  winters  in  tlie  district 
school. 

Desiring  to  continue  liis  education,  he  then 
went  to  Buckt-port  and  attended  the  seminary 
for  two  years,  working  for  his  board  at  the  vil- 
lage hotel,  in  building  tires,  attending  to  the 
stock  and  acting  as  boy-of-all-work.  In  1851 
he  joined  his  brother,  M.  B.,  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  lumbering  near  the  town  of  Brewer, 
and  there  remained  until  the  fall  of  1856,  when 
he  contracted  a  touch  of  the  western  '-fever," 
and  l)eing  desirous  of  seeing  a  little  of  tjie  west- 
ern country,  he  started  for  Minnesota,  traveling 
by  sail  from  Portland,  Maine,  to  Fond  du  Lac, 
Wisconsin.  There  he  fell  in  with  two  men 
named  Smith,  from  Maine,  out  on  a  similar 
tour,  and  they  traveled  together  up  Wolf  river 
to  Gill's  landing,  where  they  purchased  a  team 
and  crossed  the  divide  to  the  Mississippi  river, 
thence  to  St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony,  where  our 
subject  hired  out  in  the  lumbering  and  logging 
business.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  joined  two 
men  in  purchasing  a  portable  sawmill  at  the 
mouth  of  Rum  river,  where  every  prospect  fa- 
vored their  enterpri.^e,  but  shortly  after  the 
grasshopper   plague  swept   through  Minnesota, 


destroying  the  crops  and  at  the  same  time  crip- 
pling every  line  of  business.  Though  Mr. 
Maddocks  baffled  with  the  opposing  ii^flnences 
up  to  August,  he  then  decided  that  he  had 
struck  a  worse  country  than  Maine,  and  selling 
his  interest  for  what  he  could  get,  taking  in 
payment  the  "wild-cat"  money,  which  he  had 
great  difficulty  in  discounting,  he  returned  to 
liis  native  State,  arriving  in  Portland  after  but 
about  one  year's  absence,  thougii  he  left  home 
with  the  intention  of  remaining  five  years.  He 
dreaded  the  ridicule  of  his  friends,  so  he  "turned 
about"  and  started  for  New  York.  There  he 
decided  to  strike  for  California,  and  after  writ- 
ing a  letter  to  his  sister,  he  embarked  as  a  steer- 
age passenger,  via  tlie  isthmus  of  Panama,  and 
landed  safely  in  San  Francisco  on  October  1. 
1857,  a  "stranger  in  a  strange  land."  He  then 
started  for  the  mines,  traveling  by  steamer  to 
Sacramento  and  stage  to  Oroville,  where  he 
hired  out  to  work  at  placer  mining  at  §8  per 
day,  including  board,  sleeping  in  rude  bunks  in 
the  open  air.  Remaining  until  the  high  water 
stopped  the  mining,  he  then  joined  two  asso- 
ciates and  they  bought  a  claim  and  one  mile  of 
(litch  on  Butte  creek,  and  there  mined  for  sev- 
eral months,  but  with  such  poor  success  that 
they  sold  out  their  ditch  for  irrigation  purposes 
and  abandoned  the  claim.  Mr.  Maddocks  then 
returned  to  Oroville  and  decided  to  try  some 
lumbering  country,  and,  retracing  his  steps  to 
San  Francisco,  embarked  by  steamer  for  Hum- 
boldt buy,  and  began  work  in  a  sawmill.  Hard 
times  and  cheap  lumber  soon  closed  the  mill, 
and  he  again  returned  to  San  Francisco. 

Remaining  but  a  few  days,  he  embarked  by 
the  old  steamer  Columbia  for  Piiget  Soui.d, 
and  landed  in  March,  1858,  at  Port  Gamble, 
then,  as  now,  one  of  the  prominent  lumber  cen- 
ters ot  the  Sound.  The  Fraser  river  gold  ex- 
citement was  just  then  at  its  height,  and  as 
many  employes  had  left  the  mill,  our  subject 
found  ready  occupation  at  good  wages,  and  after 
announcing  the  location  of  his  birth,  he,  with 
Walter  Brown,  was  given  a  contract  for  cutting 
logs,  to  cover  a  period  of  one  year.  At  the 
termination  of  his  contract  he2)urchased  a  team 
and  then  followed  logging  for  the  company  I'or 
six  years,  after  which  he  sold  his  interest  to 
Amos  Brown,  now  of  Seattle,  to  fulfill  the  duties 
of  legislator,  to  which  position  Mr.  Maddocks 
had  been  elected.  Attending  the  session  of 
1863-'r)4,  he  then  came  to  Seattle,  and  in  part- 
ner.-liip  with    Amos   Brown   and  John  Condon, 


nisrouY   OF  Washington. 


purcliased  the  Occidental  block  for  the  sniii  of 
$1,500,  and  erected  thereon  the  old  Occidental 
Hotel,  which  they  operated  about  one  year, 
when  Mr.  Maddocks  sold  his  interest  to  John 
Collins  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  drucr 
business  of  Gardner  Kelloo-g,  the  latter  partner- 
ship continuing  about  eighteen  months,  when 
Mr.  Maddocks  bought  the  entire  business, 
which  he  thereafter  followed  with  noted  success 
for  sixteen  years,  closing  out  his  business  in 
1882. 

Since  that  date  he  has  been  engaged  in  caring 
for  and  improving  his  property  interests,  having 
traded  somewhat  extensively  iu  both  outside 
and  inside  property.  He  lost  quite  heavily  by 
the  fire  of  June,  1889,  but  before  the  embers 
had  ceased  from  smoking  on  the  corner  of  Mad- 
ison and  Front  streets,  his  contract  was  niade  for 
a  new  brick  building,  and  thirty  days  later  it 
was  leased  for  a  term  of  years,  the  building  pay- 
ing for  itself  the  first  year. 

Mr.  Maddocks  was  married  in  Seattle,  in 
1866,  to  Miss  Susie  Williamson,  of  New  York, 
and  they  reside  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Cherry  streets,  in  a  handsome  home,  surrounded 
by  every  comfort.  Mr.  Maddocks  is  vice  pres- 
ident and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Mutual 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  and  has  been 
frequently  importuned  to  take  stock  in  banks 
and  other  enterprises,  but  has  fought  shy  of  all 
incorporations,  though  he  has  always  been  an 
active  participant  in  advancing  the  interests  of 
the  city  which  he  has  frequently  served  in  of- 
ticial  capacities,  and  for  several  years  served  as 
County  Commissioner. 

Nearly  thirty  years  passed  before  Mr.  Mad- 
docks returned  to  the  scenes  of  his  childhood, 
but  since  that  date  he  has  made  frequent  trips, 
as  he  has  wisely  decided  to  devote  the  closing 
years  of  his  life  to  travel  and  such  restful  occu- 
pations as  shall  prolong  life  and  enhance  the 
pleasure  of  himself  and  his  most  charming  and 
cultured  companion. 

THE  ROBERTS  SHINGLE  COMPANY, 
whose  plant  is  located  at  Stuck  Junction, 
is  one  of  the  late  additions  to  the  indus- 
tries of  Pierce  county,  Washington.  The 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  40,000  shingles  per  day, 
and  the  machinery  is  operated  by  a  twenty-tive 
horse-power  engine  with  two   boilers   of  forty- 


five-horse  power.  The  present  proprietors, 
George,  John  H.  and  Williain  Edward  Roberts, 
purchased  the  property  in  October,  1892,  and 
since  that  time  many  improvements  iu  its  work- 
ings have  been  made.  The  entire  product  of 
the  mill  is  shipped  to  the  Eastern  markets. 

William  Edward  Roberts,  superintendent  of 
the  mill  of  the  Roberts  Shingle  Company,  Stuck 
Junction,  was  born  in  London,  Ontario,  Canada, 
December  23,  1869,  his  parents  being  William 
and  Ann  (Garland)  Roberts,  the  father  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  the  mother  of  Canada. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  reared  iu  Canada  and  was 
educated  there,  his  early  life  being  spent  on  a 
farm.  In  1889  he  came  to  Washington,  and  at 
first  was  employed  in  operating  one  of  the  track- 
laying  machines  that  was  invented  by  his  uncle, 
George  Roberts.  He  began  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  and  after- 
ward worked  on  the  building  of  the  Great 
Northern  at  Sand  Point  railroad,  iu  Idaho; 
again  on  the  Northern  Pacitic  from  Seattle  to 
German  Prairie,  a  distance  of  about  eighty-five 
miles;  on  the  Olympia  branch  of  the  Northern 
Pacitic,  about  twenty  miles  from  Gate  City  to 
Olympia;  thirty  miles  on  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore 
&  Eastern,  from  WooUey  to  Sumas,  British  Col- 
umbia. He  next  went  on  the  road  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  Roberts  Hop-sprayer,  also  invented 
by  (reorge  Roberts.  Since  November,  1892, 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  shingle  mill 
above  mentioned. 

Mr.  Roberts  is  an  energetic  young  man,  and 
thoroughly  etticient  in  any  thing  to  which  he 
devotes  his  attention. 


TlOHN  HALL  SANDERSON,  one  of  the 
i^  jl  respected  pioneers  of  the  Pacific  coast,  was 
^r-'  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  June, 
1831,  a  son  of  Luther  and  Abigail  (Townsend) 
Sanderson,  natives  also  of  that  State,  and  des- 
cended from  Puritan  stock  of  English  ancestry. 
The  father  was  a  prominent  grocer  of  Boston, 
and  for  about  fifty  years  carried  on  business  at 
the  same  location. 

J.  H.  Sanderson  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Boston,  and  received  a  practical  busi- 
ness training  in  his  father's  employ.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years  he  began  work  for  him- 
self, and  sought  the  Pacific  coast  as  his  field  of 
labor.     He  embarked   from    Boston  August  5 


BISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


1852,  on  the  clipper  sliip  "Wing  Darrow,  paying 
$250  for  passage  to  San  Francieco.  There  were 
fonrteui  pastengers  on  hoard,  and  a  cargo  of 
pork,  flour  and  general  meichandife.  After  a 
favorable  passage  of  113  dajs  they  arrived  safely 
at  their  destii  ation.  Mr.  fc>andereon  then  joined 
his  brothers,  Edward  H.  and  George  H.,  who 
were  in  business  in  Stockton,  they  having  gone 
to  tliat  State  in  1846.  Edward  is  now  deceased, 
and  George  is  the  pi i sent  Mayor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. Our  subject  remained  with  his  brothers 
as  clerk  one  year,  and  then  started  for  the  mines 
of  Tuolumne  county,  but  after  one  month  of 
that  occupation  found  the  labor  too  arduous, 
after  which  he  engaged  in  merchandising  at 
Springtield.  In  1853  lie  went  to  the  Kern  river 
mines,  where  he  continued  his  mercantile 
pursuits.  But  the  immigration  to  that  point 
being  very  great,  and  the  paying  claims  limited, 
the  crowds  soon  dispersed,  although  not  until 
the  supplies  became  almost  exhausted,  and  beans, 
flour,  potatoes,  etc.,  sold  at  50  cents  per  pound. 
During  the  Indian  troubles  of  1855-'56  Mr. 
Sanderson  became  Government  Interpreter,  and 
preformed  faithful  and  eti'ectual  service  in  his 
effoits  toward  securing  peace.  From  that  time 
until  1857  our  subject  was  employed  as  clerk 
in  his  brother's  store  in  Stockton.  Next,  by  the 
Panama  route,  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Bos- 
ton, engaged  in  business  with  his  father,  and 
subsequently  bought  the  entire  stock.  In  1863 
he  sold  his  store  in  that  city,  returned  to  the 
more  temperate  clime  of  San  Francisco,  con- 
ducted a  mercantile  establishment  until  Janu- 
ary 1,  1869,  when  he  was  employed  to  look 
after  the  mercantile  interests  of  Hinds,  Stone 
&  Co.,  and  to  that  end  came  to  Seattle.  Mr. 
Sanderson  remained  in  their  employ  about  two 
years;  from  that  time  until  1886  followed  mill- 
ing in  this  city  and  Port  Blakeley;  conducted  a 
grocery  store  in  Seattle  until  1881,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  retired  from  active  work,  al- 
though he  is  frequently  called  upon  as  receiver 
or  specialist  in  securing  settlement  of  compli- 
cated matters  in  mercantile  interests. 

Mr.  Sanderson  was  marrird  in  1861,  to  Miss 
Caroline  M.  Kavnagh,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
where  her  ancestors  settled  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  They  have  one  child,  Edith,  a 
graduate  of  the  State  university,  and  recently 
married  to  William  N.  Redfield,  a  native  of 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  but  now  a  resident 
atid  active  business  man  of  Seattle.  Since  com- 
ing to  this  city  Mr.  Sanderson  has  been  a  care- 


ful investor  in  city  piroperty,  and  by  holding  his 
purchases  has  acquired  a  handsome  competency. 
His  first  home  in  Seattle  was  built  in  1870,  on 
the  corner  of  Third  and  Seneca  streets,  when 
only  a  narrow  trail  led  up  to  his  unpretentious 
residence.  There  he  resided  until  1891,  when 
he  completed  his  more  imposing  residence  on 
the  corner  of  Twelfth  and  Columbia  streets. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sanderson  were  the  oj'ganizers  of 
First  Congregational  Church  of  Seattle,  and  by 
them  named  the  Pymonth  Congregational 
Church.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Seattle  National  Bank,  and  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  advancing  railroad  or  other  en- 
terprises which  redound  to  the  upbuilding  and 
development  of  Seattle. 


|\  |)AN  ogle,  who  has  been  a  resident  of 
v/'  Pierce  county,  Washington,  since  1859, 
^  is  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of 
the  county.  He  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  in  1825.  When  he  was  eleven  years  old 
his  parents  moved  to  Fountain  county,  Indiana, 
where  he  spent  his  youth  upon  a  faim. 

March  7,  1853,  Mr.  Ogle  started  with  an 
emigrant  train  across  the  plains,  and  after  seven 
months  and  ten  days  landed  at  his  destination. 
In  the  train  were  the  families  of  John  Long- 
mire,  D.  Lane,  J.  and  G.  Biles,  I.  Woolerj, 
Mat  and  C.  H.  Baker,  A.  H.  Woolery,  Ashley 
Sargent,  E.  A.  Light,  Joe  Headiy,  Whitsole, 
three  families  of  Wrights,  and  Messrs.  Judsou, 
Neison  and  Morrison — all  settling  in  Washing- 
ton. They  constituted  the  first  train  to  cross 
over  the  mountains,  passing  through  what  is 
now  known  as  JSIatchez  pass,  and  landing  at 
Nesquallj  plains,  October  12,  1853.  From 
there  Van  Ogle  went  to  Mound  prairie,  near 
Tenino,  Washington,  where  he  took  claim  to 
160  acres  of  land,  and  where  he  lived  one  year. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  he  sold  out  to  John 
Longinire  and  went  to  Olympia.  He  next  went 
to  Tumwater  and  was  employed  at  Crosby's 
mill.  While  he  was  there  Eev.  Devon,  Wash- 
ington's pioneer  minister,  made  a  request  for 
lumber  enough  to  build  a  church  at  Olympia. 
The  request  was  granted,  with  the  proviso,  how- 
ever, that  he,  the  minister,  was  to  carry  all  the 
lumber  on  his  back,  which  he  did,  having  lum- 
ber enoueb  to  build  the  church  and   some  left. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


After  leaving  the  mill,  Mr.  Ogle  took  up  a 
donation  claim  near  Yelm,  Thurston  county, 
but  abandoned  it  in  1850  and  joined  the  tirst 
volunteeers  of  Washington,  as  B'irst  Lieutenant 
of  Company  B,  under  Captain  Eaton.  He  was 
in  active  service  for  nine  months,  lighting  the 
Indians.  Their  first  battle  was  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Ogle,  one  mile  east  of  Alderton, 
in  Pierce  connty.  Lieutenant  McCallister  was 
killed  in  that  engagement.  Chief  Quiinnsch, 
brother  of  Chief  Leschi  (hanged  at  Steilacoom), 
gave  himself  up  to  John  Longmire  and  Van 
Ogle  on  condition  that  he  be  protected  and  taken 
before  Governor  Stevens  at  Olympia.  He  was 
killed  while  sitting  in  the  Governor's  offi--;e  at 
that  place.  After  the  war  closed  Mr.  Ogle  was 
a]ipointed  Assistant  Indian  Agent  on  the  Puy- 
allup  reservation,  which  position  he  held  for 
two  years.  Ever  since  1859  he  has  lived  either 
in  Puyallup  valley  or  in  Taconia. 

Mr.  Ogle  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  nee  Margaret  Kelly,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
is  deceased,  as  are  also  her  two  children.  For 
his  second  wife  he  married  Anna  Ogle.  They 
have  no  children.  Mr.  Ogle  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order,  being  associated  with  Olym- 
pia Lodge,  Xo.  1. 

^-^-^ 

TE^ZRA  M.  MEEKER  was  born  at  Hunts- 
11  ville,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  on  tlie  30th 
*^"^l  of  December,  1830.  His  parents  were 
Joseph  R.  and  Phoebe  S.  (Baker)  Meeker. 
When  Ezra  was  nine  years  old  the  family  re- 
moved to  Franklin  county  and  in  1811  to  In- 
dianapolis. The  only  education  he  received  was 
that  afforded  by  about  four  months'  attendance 
at  the  common  schools  of  that  city.  In  1851 
he  went  to  Iowa  looking  for  land  to  locate.  A 
year  later  he  came  with  his  wife  and  family  to 
Washington,  making  the  trip  across  the  conti- 
nent in  the  way  usual  at  that  time.  They  out- 
fitted at  Eddyv-illeand  made  the  passage  by  way 
of  the  North  Platte,  Bear  river  to  Fort  Hall 
and  down  the  Snake  and  Columbia  j'ivers  to 
Portland,  Oregon.  They  left  Eddyville  and 
crossed  the  Missouri  river  six  miles  below  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  Iowa,  on  the  28th  day  of  May  and 
arrived  at  Portland  about  October  26.  After  a 
week  at  Portland  they  w^eut  on  to  St.  Helen's, 
where  they  remained  about  three  months,  when 
he  located  a  claim   where   the  town  of  Kalama, 


Washington,  now  stands.  He  sold  this  and 
came  to  Puget  Sound,  sending  his  wife  in  a 
canoe  up  the  Cowlitz  river,  from  Cowlitz  Land- 
ing to  Olympia  by  ox-team,  thence  to  Steilacoom, 
where  tliey  settled  in  1853.  He  there  engaged 
in  merchandising  until  1862,  when  they  re- 
moved to  Puyallup,  where  he  cleared  up  a  home- 
stead. In  1867  he  engaged  in  hop-raising  and 
went  ill  partnership  with  his  father,  who  had 
started  in  the  business  two  years  before.  In 
1808  he  went  into  the  mercantile  business, 
which  he  conducted  until  1884,  when  he  sold  it 
to  Manon  J.  Meeker,  his  son.  He  was  inter- 
ested in  the  organization  of  the  Puyallup  Hop 
Company  in  1891,  antl  has  been  president  of 
of  the  company  since. 

Mr.  Meeker  was  commissioner  in  cliarge  of 
the  Washington  e.xhibit  at  New  Orleans. 

He  was  married  May  13,  1851,  to  Miss  Eliza 
J.  Summer,  of  Indiana.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren: Marion  J.,  Ellen  A.,  Carrie,  Fred  S.,  and 
OUie. 


HOMAS  J.  McBRATNET,  one  of    the 
competent  and  successful  business    men 


I  of  Olympia,  was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland, 
-fj  in  1846.  At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he 
began  to  learn  the  trade  of  blacksmith,  giving 
particular  attention  to  the  horse-shoeing  work, 
in  which  he  became  very  proficient. 

In  1867  young  McBratney  struck  out  for 
name,  fame'  and  fortune,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  as  the  country  affording  the 
greatest  inducements.  After  passing  some  time 
at  Pittsburg  and  Rock  Island,  he  located  at 
Rankin,  Illinois,  in  1869,  and  opened  a  black- 
smith shop  for  general  work.  He  also  conducted 
a  small  farm  near  the  town  and  speculated  in 
cattle,  continuing  his  interests  at  that  place 
until  the  spring  of  1882,  when  he  came  to 
Olympia.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  here  he 
opened  a  shop,  and  by  right  of  continuous  busi- 
ness is  now  the  owner  of  the  oldest  establish- 
ment in  the  city.  His  buildings,  covering  60 x 
100  feet,  are  located  on  Columbia  street,  be- 
tween Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  He  has  given 
particular  attention  to  the  shoeing  of  carriage 
and  trotting  horses  and  has  built  up  a  reputa- 
tion for  scientific  work.  He  has  also  engaged 
in  tlie  manufacture  of  heavy  delivery  wagons 
and  trucks.  The  hose  wagon  for  the  fire  de- 
partment, which  he   built  in   1891,   has  no  su- 


HISTORY    OF    WASUINOTON. 


perior  for  elegance,  strength  or  durability  upon 
the  coast.  He  also  carries  a  full  line  of  car- 
riages, farm  wagons,  agricultural  implements 
and  mill  machinery,  his  warehouse  being  40  x 
100  feet.  He  has  made  investments  in  real 
estate  and  is  now  the  owner  of  improved  and 
unimproved  property  in  and  around  the  city. 

While  a  resident  of  Eankin,  Illinois,  Mr. 
McJ'ratney  was  married,  in  1873,  to  Miss  Mary 
Ilhyneareon,  a  native  ot  that  State.  They  have 
five  chiJdien,  namely:  Lawrence  A.,  George  W., 
Rufus  E.,  John  W.,  and  Floyd  Ross. 

Mr.  McBratney  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
City  Council  in  1888  from  tiie  second  ward, 
and  by  re-election  has  continued  a  member  of 
that  body.  He  is  a  Trustee  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  and  also  of  the  Olympia 
Collegiate  Institute.  Fraternally,  he  affiliates 
with  the  blue  lodge,  chapter  and  coinmandery, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  with  Robert  Bruce  Chapter, 
Rose  Croix,  ancient  and  accepted  Scottish  rite. 
He  lias  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
since  its  inception,  and  by  his  enthusiasm  and 
sound  judgment  has  done  much  toward  the  de- 
velopment of  the  city  of  his  ado]itioii. 

-^-k^^ 

TfJfON.  HENRY   E.  MORGAN,  an  old  set- 
rpl,     tier  of  Port  Townsend,  Washington,  and 
I     *1    one  of  the  argonauts  of  1849  to  Califor- 
■^  nia,   was    born    in    Groton,  Connecticut, 

October  30,  1825.  His  parents,  Elisha  and 
Caroline  Morgan,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State  as  himself  and  were  descendants  of  Puri- 
tan ancestors.  His  father  was  connected,  in 
early  life,  with  the  manufacture  of  woolen 
goods,  but  subsequently  removed  to  Poquonock 
plains,  Connecticut,  where  he  purchased  500 
acres  of  land  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  was 
a  man  of  much  ability  and  energy,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  State  government,  represent- 
ing his  town  for  many  years  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature, and  being  for  thirty  odd  years  Clerk  of 
the  town  in  which  he  lived. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm  and  educated  in  the  schools  of  Gro- 
ton, Connecticut.  In  1845,  at  the  age  of 
twenty,  he  became  an  apprentice  in  the  manu- 
factory of  the  Meriden  Silver  Plating  Company, 
in  the  employ  of  which  he  remained  until  1849. 
He  then  became  one  of  a  company  of  eighty 
men  who  purchased  the  bark  Selma,  and  with  a 


cargo  of  mining  tools  and  stores  sufficient  for 
three  years,  embarked  lor  California.  They 
went  around  Cape  Horn  and  entered  the  Golden 
Gate  in  September  of  the  same  year.  As  was 
the  history  of  nearly  every  Eastern  mining 
company  of  1849,  on  their  arrival  at  San  Fran- 
cisco the  party  separated,  the  ship  and  cargo 
being  the  perquisites  of  those  remaining  with 
the  vessel.  Instead  of  going  to  the  mines  Mr. 
Morgan  joined  a  little  company  under  Captain 
John  Van  Pelt,  and  with  a  small  schooner  car- 
ritd  passengers  to  Sacramento,  which  proved 
very  successful,  their  profits  the  first  month 
amounting  to  $637.  The  arrival  of  the  steam- 
ship Senator  crowded  out  the  smaller  sailing 
vessels,  however,  and  Mr.  Morgan  then  went  to 
sea  on  an  ocean  steamer,  with  which  he  re- 
mained two  years,  tilling  every  position  from 
ordinary  seaman  to  master,  and  making  the  cir- 
cuit of  the  globe.  In  1853  he  returned  to  San 
Francisco,  and  was  employed  on  the  bay  and 
river  until  1858,  when  he  became  master  and 
part  owner  of  a  schooner,  on  which  lie  took  a 
load  of  freight  to  Pngct  Sound,  when,  becom- 
ing favorably  impressed  with  that  country,  he 
sold  his  vessel  and  bought  a  claim  on  Whidby 
island  and  engaged  in  farming  and  trading  in 
farming  lands.  Ijy  means  of  a  business  luan 
he  secured  property  in  Port  Townsend  in  1804, 
and  in  1866  purchased  sixty  acres  of  the  Petty- 
gruve  claim,  now  known  as  Morgan  Hill.  He 
bought  at  the  same  time  three-tburths  of  a 
block  on  the  corner  of  Tyler  and  Winslow  ave- 
nues, which  he  has  greatly  improved  as  a  resi- 
dence and  which  has  since  been  his  home.  In 
1885  Morgan  Hill,  or  Mountain  View  addition, 
was  platted,  and  from  the  sale  of  lots  he  has 
realized  very  handsomely  on  his  investment  and 
still  retains  a  large  portion  of  the  property.  He 
also  owns  valuable  business  property  on  the 
corner  of  Tyler  and  Water  streets,  extending  to 
deep  water,  and  by  leasing  from  the  city  he  has 
extended  and  improved  the  Tyler  street  wharf, 
which  he  operated  alone  for  two  years,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  organized  the  Pacific 
Wharf  Company,  of  which  he  is  still  a  member, 
and  which  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  enter- 
prises in  the  State. 

His  commercial  operations  were  interrupted, 
but  not  discontinued,  in  1863,  by  his  election 
as  Kepublican  candidate  from  Jefferson  county 
to  the  State  Legislature,  which  office  he  ably 
tilled  for  two  terms.  In  1879  he  was  appointed 
Inspector  of  Hulls  for  the  Puget  Sound  district. 


UlSTURY    OF     WA.'iUINGTON. 


wliich  office  he  held  (or  nearly  six  years.  Such 
universal  endorsement  is  sufficient  guaranty  of 
his  merit,  to  whicli  also  his  painstaking  efforts 
in  these  capacities  fully  testify. 

In  1848  Mr.  Morgan  was  married  in  Meri- 
den,  Connecticut,  to  Miss  Kate  A.  Burton,  a 
lady  of  acknowledged  ability  and  worth  of  char- 
acter. They  have  one  adopted  daughter,  Kate 
Earned  Morgan,  an  intelligent  and  accomplished 
lady,  now  the  wife  of  D.  H.  Hill,  an  enterpris- 
ing citizen  of  Washington. 

Mr.  Morgan's  activity  in  the  development  of 
his  individual  interests  and  his  success  in  his 
own  business  enterprises  are  reflected  in  his 
efforts  in  aid  of  the  community  at  large,  with 
Avhich  he  has  unreservedly  cast  his  lot,  finding 
in  its  prosperity  his  greatest  happiness,  and  in 
its  esteem  his  greatest  reward. 


f^'  ALWARD  EAWSON,  a  medical  prac- 
I  ic  titioner  of  Seattle,  was  born  in  Nova 
\JL  Scotia,  July  14,  1862,  a  son  of  Rev. 
^  George  Alward  and  Marie  (Allen)  Raw- 
son,  natives  of  England.  The  fatlier  removed 
to  Canada  during  his  boyhood  days,  graduated 
at  the  Toronto  University,  adopted  the  faith  of 
the  Congregational  Church,  and  accepted  his 
first  parish  in  JSIova  Scotia.  In  1865  he  re- 
moved his  family  to  the  United  States,  locating 
at  Brockport,  New  York,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  ministry  until  recent  years.  He  now  re- 
sides in  southern  Calitbrnia. 

G.  A.  Rawson,  our  subject,  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  New  Yoriv,  graduating  at  the 
high  school  of  Brockport  at  tlie  age  of  thirteen 
years,  and  two  years  later  at  the  Colgate 
Academy,  of  Haiuilton.  He  then  entered  the 
Madison  College,  in  the  latter  city,  but  left  that 
institution  at  the  close  of  his  scconil  year  to  en- 
gage in  the  study  of  medicine,  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Dr.  Griffith,  of  Hamilton.  In 
the  fall  of  1879  Dr.  Rawson  entered  the  Chi- 
cago Homeopathic  Medical  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1883,  and  the  following  six  months 
were  spent  in  recuperation  in  southern  Califor- 
nia. The  Doctor  then  went  to  Honolulu, 
Sandwich  Islands,  a  stranger  in  a  strange  land. 
During  his  second  month  there  he  was  called  to 
prescribe  for  King  Kalakaua,  and  by  his  suc- 
cessful treatment  was  retained  by  the  king,  and 
was  the  first  homeopathic  physician  employed 


by  the  Hawaii  government.  Dr.  Rawson  served 
as  physician  and  surgeon  under  the  government 
at  Hana,  on  the  island  of  Maui,  and  was  also 
physician  in  charge  of  three  plantations,  which 
employed  from  200  to  500  hands.  After  about 
three  years  on  the  island  the  Doctor  returned  to 
the  United  States  for  a  short  visit,  and  then 
went  to  Europe  to  continue  his  medical  studies. 
He  gave  special  attention  to  surgery  at  Paris 
and  Vienna,  was  absent  about  eighteen  months, 
practiced  in  Chicago  one  year,  followed  his  pro- 
fession in  Helena,  Montana,  until  July,  18U0, 
when  he  came  to  Seattle.  He  was  engaged  in 
practice  with  Dr.  F.  A.  Churclnll  until  in  June, 
1892,  but  since  that  time  has  continued  alone. 
Dr.  Rawson  has  conducted  a  general  practice, 
and  is  now  devoting  himself  to  office  work, 
chiefly  of  a  surgical  character,  in  which  he  has 
been  very  successful  and  established  a  wide 
reputation. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  Salt  Lake  City  in 
November,  1888,  to  Miss  Nancy  Forest  Noi-ton, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Nathaniel  Green,  of  Georgetown,  Virginia.  To 
this  union  has  been  born  one  child,  George  A\- 
ward.  Dr.  Rawson  is  a  member  of  the  King 
County  Homeopathic  Medical  Society  and  of 
the  Kational  Institute  of  Homeopathy.  He 
has  erected  a  handsome  residence  on  the  corner 
of  Drexel  avenue  and  California  street,  over- 
looking Lake  Washington,  and  he  has  closely 
identified  hinjself  with  the  interests  of  Seattle. 

'^i^-^ 

ilLLIAM  F.  BOYD,  resident  of  Seattle 
y  and  one  of  the  representative  photog- 
raphers of  the  Northwest,  was  born  in 
Darke  county,  Ohio,  September  5,  1848.  His 
father  was  born,  reared  and  educated  in  Penn- 
sylvania, then  located  in  Ohio  about  1833  and 
engaged  in  farming,  subsequently  marrying 
Miss  Mary  J.  Edinger,  of  that  State. 

William  F.  Boyd  was  reared  upon  the  farm 
and  attended  the  schools  of  that  locality  until 
1865,  when  with  his  parents  he  removed  to 
Madison  county,  Iowa,  where  his  father  con- 
tinued agricultural  operations.  William  F.  went 
to  Winterset  and  entered  a  photographic  estab- 
lishment, where  he  spent  two  years  in  learning 
the  details  of  the  business.  In  1868  he  moved 
to  Des  Moines,  and  one  year  later  opened  a  gal- 


lery,, which  he  conducted  with  such 


gai 
that 


niSTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  soon  became  the  leading  photographer  of  that 
State,  and  foi-  ten  years  received  tlie  tirst  pre- 
niinms  from  tlie  Iowa  State  fair. 

In  1888  he  came  to  Seattle  and  at  once  took 
a  position  among  the  foremost  photographers  of 
the  city.  Soon  after  becoming  established  his 
gallery  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  June, 
1889.  He  then  carried  on  business  at  Belltown 
for  one  year,  and  in  the  spring  of  1890  organ- 
ized the  Boyd-Braas  Company,  opened  hand- 
some photographic  parlors  and  conducted  a 
snccessful  bnsiness  until  the  spring  of  1893, 
when  Mr.  Boyd  retired  from  the  firm  to  estab- 
lish a  studio  with  tittii:gs  and  appointments  un- 
surpassed by  any  gallery  in  the  Northwest. 
His  art  rooms  are  located  on  the   upper  floor  of 


the  Union   Block,  where   abundant 


>pace,  con 


veuient  arrangement  and  elegance  of  finish,  to- 
gether with  a  spacious  operating  room,  equipped 
with  modern  appliances,  make  a  most  complete 
establishment  for  operative  photography,  which 
JMr.  Boyd  intends  conducting  upon  highly 
artistic  principles. 

He  was  married  at  JJes  Moines,  in  1875,  to 
Miss  Sarah  M.  Louden  beck.  They  have  four 
children:  Lulu  M.,  Reuben  W.,  Ruth  and  Earl 
Ingersoll.  Personally,  Mr.  Boyd  is  deservedly 
populai-,  and  is  much  esteemed  for  his  many  ad- 
mirable social  qualities. 


JB.  KNAPP,  a  resident  of  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  is  one  of  the  notable  pioneers 
of  the  Northwest,  and  of  his  life   the  fol- 
lowing sketch  is  appropriate  in  this  work. 

J.  B.  Knapp  was  boin  in  Geneva  township, 
Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  August  2,  1821,  his 
parents  being  Auren  and  Sarah  Maria  (Burrell) 
Knapp.  His  father  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Con- 
necticut. The  Knapps  of  New  England  are 
descended  from  three  brothers  who  came  to  this 
country  from  England  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, though  his  family  is  supposed  to  have 
originated  in  Germany.  The  mother  of  J.  B. 
Knapp  was  born  in  Sheffield,  Massachusetts,  her 
people  having  long  resided  in  that  State.  Both 
the  Knapps  and  the  Burrells  were  early  settlers 
in  Ohio,  and  the  parents  of  our  subject  were 
married  in  Lorain  county,  and  afterward  re- 
m.oved  to  Ashtabula  county. 

J.  B.  Knapp  was  reared  in  his  native  county, 
and    was    educated     at    Kingsville    Academy, 


where  he  spent  four  years.  In  early  life  he 
taught  school  in  order  to  support  himself  and 
to  obtain  his  education,  as  his  father  was  a  man 
of  limited  means.  In  1844  we  find  him  in  the 
South,    teaching   at   P^ayette,   Jefferson   county, 


Mississi 


ppi 


From  there  he  drifted  over  into 


Louisiana,  where  he  secured  a  position  as  teacher 
of  mathematics  and  music  in  the  Diggs  Acad- 
emy. Next,  he  founded  a  seminary  at  Cicily 
island,  near  Harrisbnrg,  on  the  Wascitta  river, 
of  which  he  was  principal  three  years.  At  the 
end  of  that  of  that  time  he  returned  to  his  na 
five  place  in  Ohio,  taking  his  family  with  him, 
he  having  been  married  in  the  South.  Mr. 
Knapp's  next  move  was  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
He  uaade  the  journey  by  rail  to  Cincinnati, 
thence  by  the  (Jhio  and  Mississippi  rivers  to  St. 
Louis,  and  from  there  to  St.  Joseph,  on  the  Mis- 
souri river.  He  had  brought  a  wagon  from 
Ohio,  and  at  St.  Joseph  he  bought  five  yoke  of 
cattle,  and  with  this  outfit  he  continued  his 
long  journey.  He  traveled  by  land  through 
Missouri  and  Iowa  to  Council  Bluffs,  thence 
over  the  country  and  past  Fort  Laramie,  up  the 
Platte  and  on  by  way  of  South  Pass,  Green 
river  and  Fort  Hall  toward  the  headwaters  of 
Snake  river,  on  to  Fort  Boise,  thence  across  the 
Blue  mountains,  and  by  way  of  the  Columbia  to 
Portland.  He  went  l)y  flatboat  to  the  Cascades, 
and  thence  took  the  little  steamer,  Multnomah, 
to  Portland,  where  he  arrived  October  25,  1852. 
The  first  portion  of  this  long  and  memorable 
trip  was  made  under  favorable  auspices.  Later 
Mr.  Knapp  was  taken  with  the  cholera  and 
nearly  succumbed.  About  the  time  he  re- 
covered his  faithful  wife  was  stricken  with  the 
same  disease  and  died.  He  aLo  lust  one  child 
on  the  way.  Thus,  with  his  only  remaining 
child,  a  little  daughter,  he  arrived  in  Portland 
with  a  heavy  heart  and  with  prospects  blighted. 
The  l)oat  tied  up  at  the  foot  of  Washington 
street  on  Sunday  morning,  and  he  and  his  little 
daughter  spent  the  following  night  in  a  lodging 
house.  His  long  overland  journey  had  well 
nigh  exhausted  his  limited  means,  and  he  found 
it  necessary  to  look  about  him  at  once  and  se- 
cure employment.  On  the  street  he  soon  had 
the  good  fortune  to  meet  an  old  acquaintance, 
who  took  him  to  his  home,  and  whose  wife  cared 
for  the  motherless  little  girl.  After  taking  din- 
ner with  this  friend  on  that  day,  Mr.  Knapp 
strolled  along  the  levee  until  he  i-eached  ^the 
Warren  House,  where,  seeing  a  pile  of  cord  wood 
at  the  back  door,  he  went    in   and    secured  the 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


job  of  cutting  it,  receiving  $2  per  cord  and  his 
board  while  he  was  at  work.  IJe  earned  $19  at 
this  job. 

The  following  winter  Mr.  Ivnapp  spent  at 
Cedar  camp,  back  of  Milwaukee,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  cutting  shingles.  In  the  spring  he 
went  down  to  the  head  of  Sauvie's  island.  (Jn 
liis  overland  journey  Mr.  Knapp  had  left  a 
horse  and  two  oxen  with  a  man  at  The  Dalles 
and  in  the  spring,  this  man  had  also  come  to 
the  island  and  had  bought  a  piece  of  land.  The 
horse  Mr.  Knapp  secured  but  never  again  saw 
the  oxen.  He  was  offered  the  use  of  all  the  land 
he  could  clear,  for  the  season,  and.  vegetables 
briging  a  high  price,  he  cleared  off  an  acre  and 
a  half,  grubbed  it  out  with  a  hoe,  planted  it  to 
potatoes,  and  had  it  to  replant  as  the  high 
waters  of  June  washed  his  first  seed  away.  After 
he  had  put  in  his  potatoe  crop,  he  and  this  other 
man,  Mr.  P^ales,  got  two  scythes  and  began  mak- 
ing hay  on  the  island,  taking  the  product  by 
boat  to  Milwaukee.  That  season  thej  made 
and  sold  160  tons  of  hay,  their  labor  resulting 
in  financial  success.  The  following  winter  he 
secured  work  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  and,  al- 
though he  was  inexperienced  in  that  line,  he  re- 
ceived $4  per  day,  and  had  work  the  whole 
winter. 

The  following  fall  Mr.  Knapp  removed  with 
the  Fales  family — Mr.  Fales  having  disposed  of 
bis  property  on  the  island — to  a  point  a  little 
below  the  location  of  Mr.  Knapp's  present 
home.  He  worked  a  little  in  the  neighborhood, 
helping  to  build  a  house,  etc.,  and  also  took  up 
a  claim  and  worked  on  it.  When  the  Vi'ar  with 
the  Indians  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  Captain 
Maxon's  company,  but  was  drawn  into  the  Quar- 
termaster's department,  and  served  in  that  ca- 
pacity through  the  war,  a  part  of  the  time  in 
Vancouver,  the  rest  in  Portland.  He  was  dis- 
charged in  October. 

After  the  Indian  war  was  over  Mr.  Knapp 
was  offered  a  position  to  travel  through  Cali- 
fornia and  represent  a  Portland  nursery,  with  a 
salary  of  $100  per  month  and  expenses.  This 
proposition  he  accepted,  and  early  in  December 
lie  started  for  the  Golden  State  with  a  lot  of 
fruit  trees  and  other  nursery  stock,  spending 
the  winter  in  California  and  meeting  with  good 
success  in  his  business.  He  invested  his  earn- 
ings in  the  planting  of  two  orchards  in  Cali- 
fornia. Upon  his  return  to  Portland,  the  man 
in  whose  employ  he  had  been  wanted  to  go  in 
partnership  with  him,  buying  and  selling  prod- 


uce. Neither  had  any  capital,  but  they  rented 
the  Butler  &  Kaiser  store,  corner  of  First  and 
Taylor  streets,  and  at  once  launched  out  in  a 
successful  business;  indeed,  so  successful  were 
their  transactions  that  the  first  year  they  cleared 
over  $7,500.  When  the  fruit  crop  began  to 
show  up,  the  farmers  said  if  Mr.  Knapp  would 
go  to  San  Francisco  to  receive  fruit  they  would 
ship  to  him,  which  he  did.  He  engaged  only 
desk  room  in  a  San  Francisco  ottice  at  first,  this 
proving  sufficient  for  two  years;  but  the  vol- 
ume of  trade  increased  to  such  an  extent  that, 
in  October,  1859,  he  opened  a  large  double- front 
store,  and  on  every  steamer  from  7,000  to  9,000 
boxes  of  fruit  were  shipped  to  him,  and  he  soon 
found  himself  handling  half  the  fruit  from  Ore- 
gon.     He  could  not,  however,  keep  his  partner 


within    bounds,  and,    unknown    to 


r.  Kr 


ipp, 


the  former  started  a  gigantic  speculation  in 
fruit,  engaged  immense  quanities  at  stated 
prices,  and  the  result  was  that  they  soon  found 
themselves  financially  ruined,  notwithstanding 
Mr.  Knapp's  skill  and  shrewdness.  At  the  end 
of  th*e  season  every  body  was  paid,  but  the 
money  was  all  gone. 

March  1,  1860,  in  partnership  with  his  old 
bookkeeper,  he  started  the  house  of  Knapp,  Bur- 
rell  &  Company.  In  1867  he  built  cement 
works.  In  1869  he  built  a  mill  opposite  As- 
toria, had  a  township  surveyed,  which  he  named 
Knappton,  acquired  all  the  water  frontage,  and 
opened  an  extensive  business,  it,  however,  being 
at  an  inopportune  time,  considering  the  state  of 
the  market.  In  1870  he  withdrew  from  the 
firm  of  Knapp,  Burrell  &  Company,  whose  busi- 
id  of  w'hich  for  ten  years 


heh 


napp,  Ijui 
ad  built  u 


he  had  been  the  head  and  manager.  The  mill 
he  continued  to  operate  until  the  fall  of  1876. 
At  that  time  he  came  to  his  present  location, 
having  made  a  trade  for  the  property.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  engaged  in  the  dairy  business, 
and  in  this  line  has  since  met  with  excellent 
success.  At  this  writing  he  has  about  sixty-five 
head  of  fine  dairy  cows,  makes  the  best  grade  of 
butter,  and  ships  his  product  direct  to  the  Port- 
land market.  The  splendid  improvements  on 
his  place  are  all  due  to  his  enterprise  and  good 
management. 

Mr.  Knapp  was  first  married  in  February, 
1849,  to  Miss  Lucy  Wells,  whose  sad  death,  as 
above  stated,  occurred  while  they  were  crossing 
the  plains.  The  little  girl,  Lucy,  who  landed 
in  Portland  with  her  father,  died  in  San  Fran- 
cisco  about    the  time   she  was    budding    into 


HIHTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


yonng  womanhood.  In  October,  1859,  Mr. 
Knapp  was  married  in  Sacramento,  to  Miss 
Caroline  H.  Benjamin,  who  died  Marcli  4, 1893, 
after  an  ilhiess  of  nearly  four  years.  To  them 
was  born  one  child,  Jabez  Bnrrell  Knapp,  Jr., 
iu  Sacramento,  in  1870. 

Politically,  Mr.  Knapp  is  a  Republican.  He 
is  a  life  member  of  San  Francisco  Lodge,  No. 
3,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  since  1845  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  been  initiated  in- 
to the  latter  organization  at  Port  Gibson,  Mis- 
sissippi. 


^^  *^  ^Ul.LIAM  SMITH  MoIRVm,  deceased, 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  iu  the  year 
1838,  son  of  Edward  and  Mary  Ellen 
(Smith)  Mclrvin.  His  father  was  born  in  Al- 
leo-heny  county,  Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch  descent; 
his  mother,  also  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
descended  from  the  Irish.  They  were  reared  and 
married  in  that  State,  and  shortly  after*  their 
marriage  emigrated  to  Hardin  county,  Ohio, 
whence,  in  1856,  they  removed  to  southern 
Mi.ssouri,  and  two  years  later  to  Putnam 
connty,  in  the  northern  part  of  Missouri.  In 
1860  the  Mclrviii  family  made  the  long  and 
tedious  journey  across  the  ]  Jains,  in  a  "  prairie 
schooner,"  drawn  by  ox  team.<.  They  had  some 
trouble  with  the  Indians  at  Stillwater,  but  with 
this  exception  met  with  no  serious  obstacles. 
Their  route  took  them  through  Iowa  and  down 
the  Snake  river,  thence  over  the  usual  route  to 
Walla  Walla,  Washington,  where  they  arrived 
in  October  of  the  same  year.  In  that  vicinity 
they  remained  until  1863,  when  they  went  to 
Linn  county,  Oregon.  The  following  spring, 
however,  they  returned  to  Walla  Walla.  In 
1865  they  came  to  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
and  took  a  homestead  claim  at  Battle  Ground. 
Here  the  mother  of  William  S.  died  on  March 
2,  1866.  His  father  afterward  went  back  to 
Walla  Walla,  was  married  again,  and  lost  his 
second  wife  in  1879;  he  died  in  Clarke  county, 
September  7,  1886. 

William  S.  Mclrviu  was  with  his  parents  in 
their  various  moves  from  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio 
and  then  to  Missouri,  and  came  with  them  across 
the  plains  to  the  northwest.  Previous  to  their 
overland  journey  he  had  married  Miss  Mary 
Jane  Fox,  a  native  of  Ohio.  After  his  arrival 
in  Washington  he  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the 


United  States,  his  service  during  the  Civil  war 
being  principally  at  Walla  Walla  and  vicinity. 
After  his  discharge  he  took  up  a  homestead 
claim  at  Battle  Ground  in  Clarke  connty,  where, 
with  the  exception  of  two  years,  he  resided  until 
about  1884.  He  then  located  in  Lewis  county, 
but  subsequently  came  back  to  Clarke  county, 
and  in  May,  1886,  died  at  the  place  where  his 
son  Marion  E.  now  resides.  Mrs.  Mclrvin  had 
died  in  1872,  in  Cowlitz  county,  where  they  re- 
sided about  two  years.  A  record  of  their  nine 
children  is  as  follows:  Marion  E.,  further  men- 
tion of  whom  is  given  below;  Samuel  Everett; 
Amanda  Ellen,  wife  of  Henry  Carrington;  Vir- 
ginia Belle,  wife  of  John  F.  Boone,  is  deceased; 
William;  Florence,  who  died  in  infancy;  Em- 
mett  John;  Watt  Ellsworth;  and  one  that  died 
in  infancy. 

Marion  E.  Mclrvin,  of  Felida,  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  oldest  child  of  the  above  named 
parents,  was  born  in  Putnam  county,  Missouri, 
July  81,  1860,  and  when  an  infant  was  brought 
across  the  plains  by  his  parents.  He  was  reared 
and  educated  in  Washington,  chiefly  iu  Clarke 
connty,  and  resided  with  his  parents  as  long  as 
they  lived.  Since  his  father's  death  be  has  con- 
tinued to  reside  in  Clarke  county.  In  1882  he 
purchased  forty-one  acres  of  land  at  Felida,  but 
has  since  disposed  of  all  of  it  e.xcept  ten  acres, 
which  he  has  planted  to  fruit,  chiefly  Italian 
prunes.  '  Under  President  Harrison's  adminis- 
tration Mr.  Mclrvin  was  appointed  the  first 
Postmaster  of  Felida,  and  in  connection  with 
the  office  he  also  opened  a  store,  which  he  has 
since  conducted  and  in  which  he  is  doing  a  suc- 
cessful business.  He  affiliates  with  the  Re- 
publican party. 

March  2,  1882,  Mr.  Mclrvin  married  Miss 
Ella  May  Lewis,  a  native  of  King  county, 
Washington,  daughter  of  C.  C.  Lewis.  Her  par- 
ents were  among  the  pioneers  of  Washington, 
they  having  located  in  Seattle  before  the  Indian 
wars,  and  had  their  property  destroyed  by  the 
savages.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mclrvin  have  five  chil- 
dren: Harley  Artemus,  Elsie  May,  Amanda 
Ethel,  Eldon  and  John  Earl. 

dfOHN    D.    HARRIS    was    born    in    Linn 
county,    Iowa,    on    September    24,    1847. 
-—^     His   parents,  Samuel  and   Esther  (Baker) 
Harris,  were  among  the  early  settlers  in  Iowa, 


n  I  STORY    OF    WASBINOrON. 


and  his  father  was  a  farmer  and  mill  man  of 
that  section.  When  John  D.  was  ten  years  old 
the  family  removed  to  Missonri,  in  SnlJivan 
comity,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated  until 
the  age  of  twenty.  In  1868  he  crosst  d  the 
plains  to  Oregon  in  an  emigrant  train  of  twenty 
wagons,  the  jonrney  being  made  by  way  of 
Forts  Kearney  and  Laramie,  the  north  side  of 
the  Platte,  following  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
way's entrance  into  Oregon,  over  the  Cascades. 
He  first  began  farming  on  the  Tualatin  plains, 
near  Hillsboro,  and  later  on  followed  wood- 
cutting, which  he  continued  for  eight  years. 
He  then  engaged  in  dairy  farming  business  on 
a  place  near  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river. 
In  1885  he  located  in  Fourth  plain,  Clarke 
county,  and  remained  until  1889,  when  he 
bought  the  place  which  he  now  owns.  He  is 
devoting  the  farm  to  fruit- raising,  and  has 
already  planted  about  1,600  Italian  prune  trees 
and  two  and  one-half  acres  of  strawberries. 

Mr.  Harris  was  married  in  Clarke  county,  on 
October  10,  1875,  to  Miss  Laura  D.  Sturgis, 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Susan  (Pathson)  Stur- 
gis, who  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
Washington  Territory.  Tiiey  have  three  chil- 
dren, viz.:   Clyde,  Eay  and  Beryl. 

Mr.  Harris  is  a  Kepiiblican  politically,  and 
has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  politics  since 
becoming  a  resident  of  Clarke  county.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  County  Commissioner  for  two 
years.  In  1892  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Stale 
Republican  convention.  He  is  a  meinber  of 
the  Fruit  Valley  Grange,  No.  8U,  Patrons  of 
Husbandry. 


THOMAS  L.  MANWELL,  whose  home 
has  been  in  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, since  1870,  was  born  in  Buchanan 
county,  Iowa,  June  18,  1864,  a  son  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  Jane  (Shoemaker)  Man- 
well.  The  father  and  mother  were  both  natives 
of  Ohio,  but  were  united  in  marriage  in  Kos- 
cinsco  county,  Indiana.  They  emigrated  to  Buch- 
anan county,  Iowa,  where  they  were  among 
tlie  pioneer  settlers,  and  afterward  removed  to 
Kansas;  they  returned  to  Iowa,  how^ever,  and 
thence  came  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  the  spring 
of  1870.  Mr.  Manwell  took  up  a  ranch  in 
Turn  Turn  valley,  Clarke  county,  Washington; 
his  life   was   not   long  spared  to  enjoy  the  new- 


home,  his  death  occurring  in  the  autumn  of 
1871.  Thomas  L.  Manwell  is  one  of  a  family 
of  eleven  children:  Benjamin,  deceased;  Rachel, 
wife  of  Horatio  Boardman,  who  resides  in  Iowa; 
George,  John,  Edward,  William,  Henry,  Thomas 
L.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  F.  M.,  and  two 
children  who  died  in  infancy.  He  was  a  child  of 
six  years  when  his  parents  came  to  Clarke 
county,  and  here  he  has  grown  to  manhood  and 
received  his  education.  Reared  to  the  occupa- 
tion of  a  farmer,  he  is  now  following  this  voca- 
tion. He  owns  a  tract  of  eighty  acres  which 
was  heavily  timbered  when  he  made  the  pur- 
chase; from  twenty  acres  he  has  cleared  the 
forest,  and  is  gradually  developing  a  fertile 
farm.  He  is  a  man  of  thrifty,  industrious 
haliits,  and  is  certain  to  take  a  prominent  place 
among  the  agriculturis's  of  his  community. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Jane  Manwell  was  born  March 
20,  1820,  and  has  passed  the  "three  score  years 
and  ten"  averaged  in  tradition  as  the  span  of 
human  life.  She  is  active  and  sprightly  in  spite 
of  her  many  years  of  hardship  and  privation  as 
a  pioneer.  She  resides  with  her  son,  Thomas 
L.,  and  is  greatly  comforted  in  her  old  age  by 
the  loving  loyalty  of  her  sons  and  daughters, 
who  liave,  indeed,  risen  up  to  "call  her  blessed." 

P,ROF.  HARVEY  REESE  COX,  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools  in  Pierce  county, 
Washington,  a  scholarly  and  energetic 
gentleman  and  progressive,  enterprising 
citizen,  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  North- 
w-est,  was  born  in  Keosauqua,  Iowa,  May  27, 
1854.  His  parents,  Randolph  and  Sarah  (Mc- 
intosh) Co.\,  were  persons  of  more  than  ordinary 
intelligence  and  enterprise,  and  assisted  in  pav- 
ing the  way  in  Iowa  for  its  present  greatness 
and  civilization,  they  having  gone  before,  in 
early  frontier  times,  and  scattered  the  seeds  of  en- 
lightenment and  culture  which  have  ripened 
into  the  golden  fruit  of  present  prosperity  and 
education. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  his 
native  town,  attending  the  home  schools  and 
enjoying  the  refining  influences  of  parental  care, 
until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  then 
entered  the  normal  school  at  Troy,  Iowa,  where 
he  finished  a  course  of  instruction  and  received 
a  Professor's  certificate.  He  then  began  teach- 
injr  in  Pleasant  View,  Iowa,  but,  later,  induced 


IIIHTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


by  the  opportunities  afforded  in  the  JSTorthwest 
to  men  of  education,  he  decided  to  cast  his  for- 
tunes with  that  country.  Accordingly,  he  came 
to  Washington,  arriving  in  Goldendale,  April 
26,  1877.  Shortly  after  reaching  that  place,  he 
joined  a  company  of  forty  volunteers  to  fight 
the  Indians,  but  experienced  no  service  other 
than  building  stockades.  His  first  school  in 
Washington  was  at  Spring  Creek,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  teaching  for  two  years.  He  then,  in 
the  fall  of  1879,  accepted  the  position  of  vice- 
principal  of  a  school  in  Goldendale,  which  pre- 
ferment he  resigned  to  become  Deputy  Auditor 
of  Klickitat  county.  In  1880,  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  Yakima  Indian  Industrial 
Boarding  School,  at  Fort  Simcoe,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years,  and  then  resigned  to  come 
to  Orting,  Tierce  county.  He  was  shortly  after- 
ward elected  principal  of  Puyallup  school,  in 
that  place,  and  latei'  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health.  He  then  opened  in  Orting  a  store, 
which  he  conducted  for  a  year,  and  then  dis- 
continued to  accept  the  position  of  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools  of  Pierce  county,  to  which  lie  was 
elected  in  the  fall  of  1884.  He  served  in  that 
capacity  for  one  term  of  two  years,  and  was  then 
elected  principal  of  Fern  Hill  school  in  the 
fall  of  1885,  teaching  in  connection  with  this 
office,  which  beheld  four  years.  On  July  15, 
1885,  while  serving  his  first  term  as  County 
Su])erintendent,  he  received  a  Territorial  life 
diploma,  a  consistent  recognition  of  his  ability. 
He  next  came  to  Tacoma,  and,  with  a  partner, 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business  under  the 
firm  name  of  Sly  &  Cox,  at  No.  938  C  street, 
■where  he  continued  one  year.  In  the  fall  of 
1890,  he  was  elected  principal  of  Orting  scliool 
which,  with  tliree  assistants,  he  conducted  for 
one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was 
elected  principal  of  Roy  school  for  fifteen 
months.  In  November,  1892,  he  was  elected 
Superintendent  of  Schools  for  Pierce  county  for 
two  j'ears,  and  is  now  devoting  his  entire  time 
and  energies  to  looking  after  tlie  schools  under 
his  charge.  Few  hsve  been  as  successful  in  his 
chosen  line  of  work,  and  the  cause  is  not  far  to 
seek,  finding  its  basis  primarily  in  la  natural 
aptitude  and  love  for  the  work  with  a  high 
sense  of  the  duties  involved,  a  combination  of 
spiritual  forces  against  which  no  material  ob- 
stacles can  prevail. 

September  22,  1881,  Prof.  Cox  was  married 
to  Anna  Weller,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  at  that 
time  a  successfid  teacher   in    Goldendale.     She 


comes  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  her  grandfather,  William  Porter,  being  a 
well  known  pioneer  of  Oregon.  She  has  been 
a  faithful  assistant  to  the  Professor  in  teaching 
ing  and  is  now  principal  of  Steilacoom  school 
with  one  co-worker.  They  iiave  three  children: 
Mary  Clarinda,  aged  nine  years;  Andora,  six; 
and  Allen  Porter,  four  years  old. 

Politically,  Prof.  Cox  is  a  Republican  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  is, 
fraternally,  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A. 
O.  U.  W.,  in  but!)  of  which  lodges  he  is  an  of- 
ficer. 

Tims,  all  too  briefly,  is  given  an  epitome  of 
an  eminently  busy  and  useful  life,  whose  actions 
have  sprung  from  the  highest  motives  and  the 
deepest  love  for  mankind. 


d|OHN  CRIST  MAN,  has  long  been  engaged 
'    in   agricultural   pursuits,  and  his  farming 
_'    operations  have  been  characterized  by  the 
thrift  so  common  among  the  German  people. 

Mr.  Cristman  was  born  in  Germany  in  1820. 
When  he  was  twenty-seven  years  of  age  he  emi- 
grated to  America, lauding  at  Baltimore,  whence 
he  soon  afterward  went  to  New  Orleans,  and 
from,  there  to  Monroe  county,  Illinois.  He 
spent  five  years  in  Monroe  county, and  in  1852 
went  to  California,  where  he  was  variously  em- 
ployed until  1859.  Tiiat  year  he  went  to  the 
Fraser  river  mines,  and  finally  settled  in  Lewis 
county,  Washington.  Some  time  later  he  moved 
to  Thurston  county,  and  after  being  there  ten  or 
eleven  years  came  back  to  Lewis  county.  Here 
he  has  since  remained,  engaged  in  farming. 


f^l^ 


^^C-} 


E 


LMER  JAMES  ROSS,  one  of  the  pros- 
perous and  successful  yonng  men  of 
King  county,  Washington,  is  a  native  of 
this  county,  born  in  Seattle,  May  30, 1861.  He 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  J.  (McMillan)  Ross. 
His  father,  a  millwright  by  trade,  crossed  the 
plains  to  this  coast  about  1852  or  1853.  Elmer 
J.  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter.  In  1881  he 
left  home,  and  continued  to  work  at  his  trade 
for  three  years.  In  1883  he  located  a  claim  of 
160  iicres,  two  miles  north  of  Woodinville 
Junction,  securing  title  to  the  same  under  the 


HISTORY    OP    WASniNOTON. 


pre-emption  laws.  After  that  he  spent  about 
two  years  in  Seattle.  In  the  summer  of  1888 
he  returned  to  the  slough  and  purchased  a  ranch 
of  George  IVilson,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

Mr.  Eoss  was  married  October  26,  1883,  to 
Mary  Weeden,  a  native  of  Missouri.  Their 
happy  married  life  was  of  short  duration,  her 
death  occurring  before  they  had  been  married 
quite  two  years.  November  22, 1889,  he  wedded 
Delia  Mc(.'oy,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  they  have 
two  children. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Ross  is  identified  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F. 


^fpHOMAS  PALMEE,  a  farmer  and  black- 
11  smith  of  Lewis  county,  Washington,  is  a 
I  man  who  has  won  his  way  in  life  by  his 
^  own  honest  toil.  As  a  representative  citi- 
zen of  his  county  he  is  entitled  to  some  per- 
sonal consideration  on  the  pages  of  this  work, 
and  of  him  we  present  the  following  sketch: 

Thomas  Palmer  was  born  in  Kichland  county, 
Ohio,  in  1830,  and  when  three  years  old  was 
taken  by  his  parents  to  McDonough  county,  Illi- 
nois, where  his  youth  and  early  manhood  were 
spent.  In  1852  he  emigrated  to  the  Willamette 
valley  in  Oregon,  remaining  there  until  1865. 
He  then  located  at  White  Elver,  King  county, 
Washington,  two  years  later  moved  to  Thurston 
county,  and  after  living  there  a  year  came  to 
Lewis  county.      Here  he  has  since  remained. 

Mr.  Palmer  married  Arrilla  J.  Musgrave,  a 
native  of  Clay  county,  Illinois,  born  in  1856. 
When  she  was  seventeen  she  came  to  Chehalis 
county,  Washington,  and  two  years  later  to 
Lewis  county,  wiiere  she  has  since  resided.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Palmer  have  two  children,  Elizabeth 
and  Francis. 


If  S  A  AC   PARKER,  of   Se< 
was  born  in  Waltham,  Ma 
J    i,  1829,  a  son   of    Isaac 


Seattle,  Washington, 
Tassachusetts,  March 
and  Lucy  (Dins- 
more)  Parker,  natives  also  of  that  State,  and 
descended  from  Puritan  ancestry.  Isaac  was 
inured  to  farm  labor,  and  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  his  native  town.  In  1847 
he  entered  the  locomotive  works  of  Hinckley  & 
Driiye,  of  Boston,  to  learn  the  machinist's  trade. 
Two  years  lati  r  he  entered  the  Globe  Works  of 


Lyman  &  Souther,  where  he  worked  on  the 
tirst  locomotive  shipped  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
ordered  by  Charles  Minton,  of  San  Francisco. 
The  engine  was  shipped  by  sailing  vessel  around 
Cape  Horn,  and  young  Parker  came  to  Cali- 
fornia to  help  put  it  together,  arriving  in  San 
Francisco  January  2,  1851.  He  was  then  em- 
ployed by  the  Union  Iron  Works  until  Jan- 
uary, 1853,  and  then  came  to  Puget  Sound, 
under  engagement  with  Martin  &  Felt  to  erect 
a  sawmill  at  Apple  Tree  Cave,  now  known  as 
Kingston.  The  mill  was  completed  and  oper- 
ated until  the  following  July,  when  it  was 
moved  to  Port  Madison,  but  Mr.  Parker  con- 
tinued as  Master  Mechanic  for  the  company 
about  four  years,  and  in  a  similar  capacity  at 
Utsaladdy  until  in  November,  1860.  He  then 
accepted  as  renumeration  a  cargo  of  lumber, 
chartered  the  ship  Leandras,  and  with  his  lum- 
ber proceeded  to  China,  where  he  found  ready 
sale.  After  visiting  Yokohoina  and  Japan  he 
returned  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to  Puget 
Sound,  and  shortly  afterward  became  intereste  1 
with  a  small  syr.dicate  to  take  lumber  and  ma- 
chiiHU'y  to  Shanghai,  China,  and  there  con- 
struct a  steamer  for  one  of  the  large  rivers  of 
that  country.  The  party  embarked,  duly 
equipped,  by  the  United  States  revenue  cutter, 
Jetf  Davis,  but  while  at  San  Francisco  Mr. 
Parker  sold  his  interest.  In  1864  he  went  to 
Lower  California  and  superintended  the  erec- 
tion of  a  quartz  mill,  where  he  remained  as 
master  mechanic  three  years.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  engaged  in  mechanical  work  in  and 
about  Puget  Sound.  At  the  establishing  of  tlio 
local  board  of  inspectors  of  steam  vessels  of 
Washington  Territory,  in  1871,  Mr.  Parker  was 
appointed  inspector  of  steam  boilers,  the  first 
to  till  that  position  on  the  Sound.  In  1888  he 
was  electej^  Treasurer  of  Seattle,  and  in  his  po- 
litical views  has  always  been  an  ardent  Repub- 
lican, although,  having  passed  his  life  in  the 
Territories,  his  first  presidential  vote  was  cast 
for  Benjamin  Harrison,  in  the  fall  of  1892. 
Mr.  Parker  began  investing  in  real  estate  in  Se- 
attle in  an  early  day,  and  by  the  development 
of  the  city  and  natural  incrtase  in  values  he 
now  enjoys  a  handsome  conipetency.  His  Com- 
mercial street  property  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1889,  but  he  has  since  erected  two  brick  blocks, 
in  keeping  with  the  magnificent  enterprises  of 
the  city  developers,  and  has  also  built  a  hand- 
some residence  on  the  corner  of  Eighth  and 
Seneca  streets,  where  he  now  resides. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTOJV. 


September  9,  1867,  in  Seattle,  our  subject 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Lydia  G.Rowell, 
a  native  of  Maine.  They  liave  tliree  children, 
—  George  F.,  Benjamin  S.  and  Isaac  0.  So- 
cially, Mr.  Parker  atfiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M., 
being  a  member  of  blue  lodge,  chapter  and 
coriiinandery  and  Lawson  Consistory  of  Scottish 
Rite,  Southern  Jurisdiction.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Seattle  Encampment,  I.  O.  O.  F. 


EZRA   M.  STRATTON,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative citizens  of  Cowlitz  county,  was 
1   born  in  Allegheny  county   Pennsylvania, 

April  1,  1883,  a  son  of  Silas  and  Betsey  (Har- 
ris) Stratton,  natives  of  New  York.  The  pater- 
nal 2;randfather,  a  member  of  an  old  American 
family,  fell  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  In 
1833  the  family  moved  from  Pennsylvatiia  to 
Allen  county,  Ohio,  where  Ezra  M.  was  reared 
to  inanliood,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years 
began  work  at  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1854 
he  located  at  Guthrie  county,  Iowa,  where  he 
was  a-nong  the  pioneer  settlers.  In  January, 
1864,  Mr.  Stratton  enlisted  in  the  First  Iowa 
Battery,  served  tliroughtout  the  Rebellion  as  a 
soldier  of  the  Union,  with  a  creditable  and 
honorable  record,  took  part  in  the  Georgia 
campaign  from  Dalton  to  Atlanta,  an  almott 
constant  engagement,  and  among  others  par- 
ticipated in  the  last  battle  of  Nashville  He 
was  honorably  discharged  July  3,  1865.  In 
May,  1866,  Mr.  Stratton  started  across  the 
plains  for  the  Pacific  coast,  and  arrived  in  Cow- 
litz county,  Washington,  October  8,  following. 
At  his  former  home  he  owned  160  acres  of  land, 
and  of  his  remaining  forty  acres  he  lias  thirty 
acres  under  cultivation,  five  acres  of  which  is 
devoted  to  an  orchard  of  a  general  variety  of 
fruit.  At  his  present  home  Mr.  Stratton  has 
eighty-eight  acres,  twenty- live  acres  of  which  is 
cleared,  and  where  he  has  a  fine  residence. 
The  place  is  located  about  five  miles  northeast 
of  Woodland,  on  Lewis  river.  Mr.  Stratten 
markets  his  fruit  principally  at  Portland,  and  in 
1891  he  harvested  over  600  bushels  of  apples. 
Among  his  small  fruits  are  blackberries,  goose- 
ben  ies,  currants,  etc.  He  also  has  large  black 
walnut  and  shell-bark  hickory  trees.  Besides 
giving  his  attention  to  his  ranching  interests,  he 
also  works  at  the  carpenter's  trade. 


Mr.  Stratton  was  married  in  Ohio,  June  16, 
1853,  to  Miss  Lucy  A.  Robinson,  a  native  of 
that  State.  They  have  eight  children,  viz: 
Margaret,  wife  of  John  T.  McFarland,  of  Co- 
Intnbia  county,  Oregon;  John  W.;  James  A.; 
Ezza  A.,  wife  of  Amos  Burt,  of  Cowlitz  county; 
Thomas  M.;  Charles  W.;  Mary  E.,  and  Rosa 
M.  One  child,  William,  died  in  June,  1891. 
In  politics  Mr.  Stratton  affiliates  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  takes  an  active  interest 
in  public  affairs.  He  is  also  interested  in  the 
cause  of  common  school  education,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  School  Directors  of  his  district. 

-  -^^m^^w-^ — 

THE  PACIFIC  NAVIGATION  COM- 
PANY, which  is  the  leading  factor  in 
Puget  Sound  commerce,  with  headquar- 
ters in  Tacoma,  was  organized  March  7, 
1887,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,000,  which 
was  afterward  increased  to  $100,000,  divided 
into  $1,000  shares.  The  company  at  once  took 
front  rank  in  its  field  of  operations,  and  has 
maintained  its  position.  Among  the  company's 
vessels  are  the  well-known  steamers  State  of 
Washington,  Fairhaven  and  Henry  Bailey. 

The  State  of  Washington  is  a  tine  vessel, 
built  in  1889,  at  Ballard,  by  John  Holland.  She 
has  a  large  passenger  traffic  between  Tacoma 
Seattle  and  Everett.  The  Fairhaven  was  con- 
structed at  the  city  ir;  whose  honor  she  was 
named,  by  the  Fairhaven  Land  Company,  and 
from  that  company  she  was  purchased  by  her 
present  owners.  The  Henry  Bailey  was  built 
by  Thomas  R.  Brown  and  was  afterward  pur- 
chased by  the  Pacific  Navigation  Company. 
The  various  vessels  of  this  corporation  ply  be- 
tween all  important  ])orts  of   the  Puget  Soimd. 

The  management  of  the  company's  affairs  is 
in  the  hands  of  the  following  officers:  James 
M.  Ashton,  president;  S.  Sedgwick,  vice-presi- 
dent; and  Frank  Waterhouse,  secretary  and 
Treasurer. 

Frank  Waterhouse,  secretary,  treasurer  and 
general  manager  of  the  Pacific  Navigation 
Company,  is  a  native  of  Cheshire,  England, 
born  in  1866.  The  education  he  received  in 
his  native  town  was  supplemented  by  a  tinish- 
ing  course  at  Bowdon  College  in  the  north  of 
England.  In  1886  he  came  to  the  United  States 
and  located  at  Crookston,  Minnesota,  where  he 


SI8T0R7    OF    WASHINGTON. 


engaged  in  the  collecting  business.  Coining  to 
Tacoina,  WasJuiigton,  in  1889,  he  became  con- 
nected witli  the  business  departments  of  the 
Northern  Pacilic  Railroad,  with  which  he  was 
identified  until  November  1,  1892.  In  the 
meantime  his  abilities  had  gained  for  him  re- 
cognition, and  on  the  date  mentioned  he  was 
elected  to  the  important  and  responsible  posi- 
tion which  he  now  occupies. 

in  his  present  capacity  Mr.  "Waterhouse  has 
done  most  efficient  service  for  the  company 
whose  interests  he  handles,  and  his  wljole  policy 
has  been  in  the  direction,  and  met  with  the  re- 
sult, of  making  it  popular  with  the  various 
interests  that  support  the  Sound  shipping. 


"TrT)    C.  COREY,  M.  D.,  a  prominent  physi- 
y^^    cian  of  Olympia,  Washington,  was  born 
I     ^  in  Bureau,  county,  Illinois  in  1862. 
<  His  father,  Rufus  Corey,  a  native  of 

Massachusetts,  went  West  when  a  young  man 
and  settled  in  Illinois.  He  married  Miss  Julia 
A  Campbell,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  For  some 
time,  Mr.  Corey  followed  his  trade  of  masonry, 
in  Bureau  county.  In  1872,  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  that  county  by  the  Republican  party, 
and  by  continuous  re-election  served  in  that  posi- 
tion for  eight  years.  In  1880,  he  removed  to 
Hastings,  Nebraska,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
real-estate  business  and  continued  to  reside  un- 
til 1891.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Olympia, 
Washington,  and  retired  from  active  life. 

Dr.  Corey,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
primarily  educated  in  the  schools  of  Illinois. 
In  1879,  he  entered  Princeton  College  at  wiiicli 
he  graduated  in  1883.  Returning  to  Hastitigs, 
he  began  his  medical  studies  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  H.  P.  Fitch,  M.  D.,  and  in  1884- 
entered  the  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago, 
graduating  at  that  institution  in  1887,  with  the 
degree  of  M.  i).  He  then  became  a  student 
in  the  Homeopathic  Medical  College,  St.  Louis, 
at  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1888. 
Again  returning  to  Hastings,  he  there  entered 
upon  a  professional  career,  conducting  a  suc- 
cessful practice  until  Decent ber,  1890,  when  lie- 
came  West  and  established  himself  at  Olympia. 
He  is  the  only  homeopathic  physician  south  of 
Tacoma.  By  personal  effort  and  the  successful 
handling  of  his  cases  he  has  built  up  an  ex- 
tensive practice. 


Dr.  Corey  was  married  in  Hastings,  Nebraska, 
in  1889,  to  Miss  Kate  E.  Pearl,  a  native  of 
Oswego,  New  York.  They  have  one  child, 
Margaret  J. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  State  medical 
societies  of  Nebraska  and  Washington.  He  is 
a  careful  student  and  is  devoted  to  his  profes- 
sion, and,  without  doubt,  a  bright  future  awaits 


ARREN  J.  BOWMAN,  an  early  settler 
of  Washington,  and  prominent  citizen 
of  Pierce  county,,  was  born  near  the 
town  of  Washington,  Peoria  county,  Illinois, 
November  25,  1837,  son  of  John  C.  and  Mary 
(Mounts)  Bowman. 

John  C.  Bowman,  born  in  Richmond,  Vir- 
ginia, April  2(5,  1809,  was  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  early  families  of  the  Old  Dominion.  He, 
was  married  June  22,  1835,  and  died  June  14, 
1839.  His  wife,  the  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  near  Peoria,  Illinois,  the  daughter  of 
pioneer  settlers  of  that  place.  After  Mr.  Bow- 
man's death,  she  married  for  her  second  husband 
Taylor  A.  Rue.  Mr.  Rue  was  born  in  Ohio, 
went  from  there  to  Indiana,  and  later  removed 
to  Illinois,  where  he  met  and  married  Mrs. 
Bowman,  their  marriage  occurring  May  9,  1841. 
In  1842  the  family  removed  into  the  city  of 
Peoria,  where  they  resided  until  March,  1850, 
and  at  that  date  they  started  with  horse 
teams  for  Astoria,  Oregon.  They  crossed  the 
Mississippi  river  at  Burlington,  the  Missouri 
at  St.  Joseph,  thence  proceeded  via  Forts 
Kearney,  Laramie  and  Hall,  crossed  the  Rocky 
mountains  at  South  Pass,  the  Bear  river  at 
Soda  Springs,  on  to  Fort  Dalles,  where  they 
slopped  a  short  time,  thence  on  to  Portland, 
and  about  October  24,  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
Cowlitz  river,  where  they  settled.  December 
25,  1852,  the  mother  died.  Mr.  Rue  survived 
her  many  years,  and  became  quite  prominent 
in  the  local  affairs  of  the  new  country  in  which 
he  had  settled.  He  held  several  offices  in  Cow- 
litz county,  and  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
of  AVashington  Territory,  appointed  by  the 
Governor.  He  died  on  the  old  donation  claim, 
near  Freeport,  September  10,  1880. 

Warren  J.  Bowman,  whose  name  heads  this 
article,  was  reared  to  manhood  at  the  old  home- 
stead on  the  Cowlitz,  and  besides  the  education 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


he  received  in  the  echools  of  the  neighborhood, 
he  also  had  the  advantage  uf  training  under 
Prof.  Kingley  at  the  Portland  Academy.  The 
original  donation  claim  above  referred  to  was 
increased  by  subsequent  purchase  until  the 
ranch  comprised  800  acress,  it  being  utilized  as 
both  a  grain  and  stock  ranch.  Here  Mr.  Bow- 
man continued  until  1869,  when  he  went  to 
Olynipia  and  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  whei-e  he  remained  two  years.  Wiien 
tlje  Northern  PaciHc  Railroad  was  about  to  es- 
tablisli  its  terminus  at  Tacoma,  he  came  into 
Pierce  county  and  located  on  the  Puyallup 
reservation.  He  was  offered  the  agency  by 
General  Milroy,  superintendent  of  Indian  af- 
fairs, but  declined,  preferring  to  engage  in  the 
mercantile  business,  which  he  did  on  the  Puy- 
allup river,  near  Puyallup.  From  that  he  turned 
his  attention  to  the  raising  of  hops,  and  in  1885 
located  on  his  present  ranch,  which  was  then 
covered  with  timber,  and  which  he  owned  for 
two  years  before  moving  to  it.  Of  the  145  acres 
in  his  ranch,  100  acres  are  now  cleared  and 
twenty  acres  are  in  hops.  Ten  acres  are  devoted 
to  orchard  purposes,  the  fruits  comprising  ap- 
ples, pears,  plnnis,  prunes,  chei'ries,  etc. 

Mr.  Bowman  was  married  in  Freeport,  Cow- 
litz county,  January  24,  1874,  to  Miss  Olive  E. 
Stone,  a  native  of  Freeport,  Indiana,  and 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Emeline  (Klink) 
Stone.  Her  father  was  born  in  the  Green 
mountains  of  Vermont,  June  12,  1815,  and 
came  of  an  old  Vermont  family,  of  Welsh  origin. 
Her  mother  was  from  New  York,  and  was  of 
German  extraction  on  the  paternal  side.  Her 
parents  lived  in  Indiana  for  several  years,  and 
in  1848  crossed  the  plains  wdth  their  family  to 
this  coast,  making  the  journey  by  ox-teams. 
They  remained  in  Portland  during  the  winter 
of  l848-'49,  went  to  Oregon  City  in  the  spring, 
and  later  in  the  same  year  located  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Cowlitz  river,  where  they  took  up  a  do- 
nation claim.  Mr.  Stone  founded  the  town  of 
Freeport,  and  named  it  after  Freeport,  Indiana, 
where  Mrs.  Bowman  was  born.  He  was  a  prom- 
inent man,  served  as  County  Treasurer,  and  in 
1860-'61  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature.  In  politics  he  was  first  a  Whig 
and  afterward  a  Republican,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs.  He  built  the  steamer 
Rescue,  which  he  ran  between  Portland  and 
Freeport  for  some  time,  in  this  way  doing  an 
extensive  transportation  business  and  also  carry- 
ing the  mails.     After  an  illness  of  six    months. 


he  died  in  November,  1876,  aged  sixty-one 
years.  His  widow,  now  residing  near  Yakima, 
Yakima  county,  was  seventy-four  years  old  on 
Fel)ruary  14,  1893. 

Mrs.  Bowman  was  educated  at  Freeport  and 
at  Salem  University,  having  attended  college 
two  years.  She  taught  school  at  Freeport  sev- 
eral terms,  at  Oak  Point,  at  Knappton,  opposite 
Astoria,  and  at  St.  Helen,  Oregon.  The  ciiil- 
drpu  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bowman  were  five 
in  number,  one  of  whom — Clyde — is  deceased. 
Those  living  are:  Mary  Emeline,  Edna  Olive, 
Ina  Eliza,  and  Warren. 

Mr.  Bowman  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Farmers'  Insurance  Company,  of  Seattle,  was 
its  fii'st  vice-president,  and  still  continues  in 
that  capacity.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organiz- 
ers of  the  Farmers'  Bank,  of  Puyallup,  of  which 
he  was  offered  the  presidency,  but  declined  ;  was 
tlien  elected  vice-president.  When  the  bank  was 
consolidated  witii  that  of  Stewart  &  Masterson 
into  the  Bank  of  Puyallup,  he  became  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  new  organization.  He  was  also  elected 
president  of  the  Cannery  Company  that  was  or- 
ganized for  handling  the  fruit  of  this  region. 
He  was  president  of  tiie  organization  of  fruit 
growers,  from  whicli  sprang  the  Western  Wash- 
ington Exposition  at  Tacoma,  Henry  Bucey 
succeeded  him  in  that  office. 

A  resident  of  the  Northwest  from  his  early 
youth,  Mr.  Bowman  is  familiar  with  everv 
phase  of  life  on  this  coast,  from  the  pioneer 
days  up  to  the  present  time,  and  during  all 
these  years  he  has  acted  well  his  part  in  ad- 
vancing the  best  interests  of  the  community  in 
which  he  lives.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  Indian 
war  of  1855-'56,  having  enlisted  when  he  was 
sixteen.  He  was  mustered  into  service  at  Van- 
couver, furnishing  his  own  horse  and  rifle.  He 
was  in  Company  A,  Washington  Mounted 
Volunteers,  under  Captain  William  R.  Strong, 
and  his  service  covered  a  period  of  six  months, 
a  portion  of  w^iich  time  he  was  engaged  in 
scouting  between  The  Dalles  and  the  Walla 
Walla  country.  Being  at  The  Dalles  when  the 
river  began  to  freeze,  they  were  ordered  back 
to  Vancouver,  and  went  home  on  the  ice.  The 
next  spring  he  volunteered  to  go  back,  but  the 
steamer  failed  twice  to  call  for  them  when  they 
were  mnstered  ready  to  go,  and  after  that  his 
father  would  not  let  him  leave,  fearing  ill  luck. 

He  has  never  held  political  office  but  once, 
and  then  served  as  Auditor  and  Assessor  of 
Cowlitz  county. 


niSTOBT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


Many  and  great  are  the  changes  that  have 
come  under  his  observation.  Arriving  in  Port- 
land early  in  October,  1850,  when  it  was  a  mere 
hamlet  of  scattered  huts,  he  has  seen  it  j^row 
into  a  populous  city.  Settling  north  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river  in  the  same  year,  in  what  was  then 
Oregon,  he  has  seen  the  vast  territory  segre- 
gated and  two  great  States  formed  therefrom 
and  admitted  inlo  the  Union;  the  counties,  em- 
bracing areas  of  the  extent  of  some  nations 
have  been  divided  and  subdivided;  the  lonely 
cabin  and  little  clearing  of  the  hardy  pioneer, 
when  everyone  in  the  county  was  known  to 
everyone  el^ie,  have  given  place  to  populous 
communities  thronged  with  strangers.  The 
cedar  canoe  with  its  crew  of  painted  Indians 
and  the  winding  trail  laboriously  threaded  by 
the  train  of  patient  ponies  have  been  superceded 
by  the  magnificent  steamer  and  the  modern 
iron  horse,  drawing  long  trains  of  palatial  pas- 
senger coaches  and  wealth  laden  freight  cars, 
and  now  the  teeming  multitude  has  met  the 
tide  of  the  mighty  Pacific  and  there  is  no  more 
"Westward  ho  !"  Mr.  Bowman  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Historical  Society  of  Washington, 
and  of  the  Western  Washington  Pioneer  As- 
sociation, and  will  assist  in  perpetuating  their 
early  history. 


JIOSEPH  CHILBERG,  proprietor  of  the 
Chilberg  block,  Olympia,  Washington,  was 
—  born  in  Wapello  county,  Iowa,  in  1850. 
His  parents,  John  0.  and  Hannah  (Pierson) 
Chilberg,  were  born  and  reared  in  Sweden,  and 
after  their  marriage  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  locating  in  Iowa  about  1825.  They 
were  among  the  pioneer  farmers  of  that  State, 
and  at  the  time  they  located  there  had  to  go 
fifty  miles  to  the  nearest  flour  mill.  In  1871 
Mr.  Chilberg  sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Washington.  Upon  his  arrival 
here  he  homest^aded  160  acres  of  tide 
lauds  upon  the  Swinnimish  flats,  in  Skagit 
county,  built  dykes  on  his  farm,  and  en- 
gaged in  raising  grain,  particularly  oats,  the 
land  producing  an  average  yield  of  100  bushels 
to  the  acre.  In  1877  he  rented  his  farm  and 
removed  to  Seattle,  where  he  improved  residence 
property  for  renting  purposes.  He  remained 
there  several  years,  but,  preferring  country  life, 
returned  to  his  farm,  where  he  is  spending  his 


declining  years.  His  good  wife  is  still  living, 
each  being  now  about  eighty  years  of  age. 
Seven  of  their  ten  children  are  living,  and  all  in 
Washington. 

Joseph  was  the  ninth  born  iti  this  family. 
His  early  education  was  received  in  Iowa,  and 
after  they  came  West  he  attended  the  Olympia 
Collegiate  Institute.  He  then  clerked  two  years 
in  the  grocery  store  of  Samuel  Stork,  at  Olym- 
pia, after  which  he  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  for  himself,  continuing  the  same  until 
he  was  burned  out  in  1882.  In  1891,  upon  the 
site  of  his  old  business  house,  he  erected  his 
new  brick  block,  34x100  feet,  three  stories. 
After  the  lire  of  1882  he  again  clerked  for  one 
year.  Then  he  conducted  the  grocery  business 
of  L.  G.  Abbott  until  1890,  when  the  stock  was 
closed  out.  That  year  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  real-estate  business.  He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  Olympia  Land  Company, 
which  company  laid  off  and  platted  the  Park 
addition  of  105  acres.  He  is  also  interested  in 
the  College  Heights  addition. 

In  October,  1890,  Mr.  Chilberg  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  the  city  of  Olympia,  was  re-elected 
to  the  same  position  in  the  fall  of  1891,  and  is 
the  present  incumbent  of  that  office.  In  May, 
1892.  he  was  appointed  assistant  superintendent 
of  horticulture  of  Thurston  county  to  the  World's 
Fair  in  Chicago,  and  was  actively  interested  in 
his  display  of  wild  and  cultivated  fruits  for  that 
exposition. 

Mr.  Chilberg  was  married  in  Olympia,  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Theresa  Amelia,  daughter  of  L. 
G.  Abbott,  who  came  to  Washington  in  1860. 
They  have  two  children,  Verne  and  Neva. 

Socially,  Mr.  Chilberg  affiliates  with  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.  and  the  I.  O.  G.  T.  Since  1889  he 
has  served  as  Clerk  of  school  district  No.  1, 
taking  a  deep  interest  in  educational  matters  as 
well  as  the  progress  and  development  of  the  city 
of  his  adoption. 


TIOHN  MILLER  MURPHY,  proprietor  of 
h  J  the  Washington  Standard,  Olympia,  Wash- 
's?'^ ington,  was  born  near  Fort  Wayne,  Indi- 
ana, in  1839.  John  Murphy,  his  father,  was  a 
native  of  Ireland.  Wh-ii  a  lioy  he  emigrated  to 
the  United  States,  and  here  learned  the  trade  of 
millwright.  He  married  Miss  Susan  Miller,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  Indiana,  and 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


in  that  State  lived  for  a  number  of  years.  After 
the  death  of  his  wife,  in  1846,  John  M.,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  taken  by  his  sister, 
Mr.  George  A.  Barnes,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  with 
whom,  in  1850,  he  came  across  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  The  Barnes  family  passed  the  winter 
in  Portland,  and  the  following  spring  came  to 
Olympia,  where  they  still  reside. 

John  M.  Murphy  attended  school  at  the  va- 
rious places  in  which  his  early  life  was  spent. 
During  the  winter  of  1850-'51  he  was  a  pupil 
of  the  first  school  organized  in  Portland.  In 
1856  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Oregon  Weekly 
Times,  in  Portland,  to  learn  the  trade  of  printer, 
and  made  such  rapid  advancement  in  his  work 
that  at  the  end  of  two  years  he  was  foreman  of 
the  Democratic  Standard,  remaining  with  it 
until  the  close  of  its  career.  He  then  removed 
to  Oregon  City  and  worked  on  the  Argus  until 
June,  1860,  when  became  to  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington Territory,  and,  in  partnership  with  L.  E. 
V.  Coon,  founded  the  Vancouver  Chronicle,.  A 
few  months  later  he  severed  his  connection  with 
this  paper  and  came  to  Olympia  and  established 
the  Washington  Standard,  which  made  its  first 
appearance  November  17,  1860,  and  which  has 
continued  to  appear  with  weekly  regularity  for 
upwards  of  thirty-two  years,  never  havingmissed 
an   issue. 

In  1865  Mr.  Murphy  built  his  printing  office 
on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Washington  streets, 
where  his  paper  has  since  been  located.  In 
1863  he  was  appointed  Public  Printer,  and 
served  during  one  session  of  the  Territorial  Leg- 
islature. As  Territorial  Auditor  he  served 
from  1867  to  1870,  during  1873  and  1874  and 
from  1888  to  Statehood,  and  during  the  two 
later  terms  he  served  as  ex-ofiicio  Quartermaster, 
an  office  of  much  labor  and  annoyance,  but  no 
compensation.  For  eight  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  City  Council,  and  during  one  term 
served  as  County  Superintendent  of  Schools. 

Mr.  Murphy  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
1861,  to  Miss  Eliza  A.,  daughter  of  Francis 
McGuire,  a  pioneer  of  the  early  '508.  Follow- 
ing are  the  names  of  their  eight  children;  Henry 
M.,  foreman  of  the  printing  office;  Winifred, 
wife  of  William  Harris;  Annie;  Frank;  Es- 
tella,  wife  of  Charles  R.  Carroll;  Bertha; 
Charles,  and  Rosa  Pearl. 

In  1890  Mr.  Murphy  built  the  Olympia  The- 
ater, 55  .\  140  feeit,  which  is  scientifically 
equipped  with  exits  opened  by  electricity,  water 
reels  through  the  building,  and  a  seating  capac- 


ity of  1,000  people.  He  is  a  member  of  Olym- 
pia lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  Past  Chief  Patri- 
arch of  Alpha  Encampment.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Olympia  Fire  Department, 
has  served  several  terms  as  secretary  and  presi- 
dent, and  has  always  actively  supported  the 
institution,  as  he  does  all  enterprises  which  tend 
toward  the  development  of  the  city  of  Olympia. 


DR.  J.  C.  ORCHARD,  one  of  the  early 
J  dentists  of  Tacoma,  Washington,  was 
born    in    Polk    county,     Oregon,     near 

Dallas,  September  2,  1852,  son  of  John  G.  and 
Amelia  Mandeeville  (Whitley)  Orchard. 

John  G.  Orchard  was  horn  in  Kentucky,  and 
when  thirteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  Texas, 
whence  he  subsequently  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, and  from  there,  in  1846,  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon,  probably  in  Lane's  party.  Upon 
his  arrival  here,  he  took  up  a  dcmation  claim 
five  miles  from  the  site  of  Dallas  (now  the 
Kennedy  property),  but  later  bought  the  Down- 
er place,  five  miles  further  from  that  town. 
Still  later  he  removed  to  Marion  county,  where 
he  resided  until  the  time  of  his  death,  April 
29,  1888,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three  years. 
His  wife,  the  mother  of  J.  C,  died  in  1868. 
She  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Pike  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  also  came  to  Oiegon  in  1846,  not,  how- 
ever, in  the  same  train  in  which  Mr.  Orchard 
traveled. 

J.  C.  Orchard,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 
was  reared  in  Polk  and  Marion  counties,  Ore- 
gon, and  received  his  literary  education  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  Albany  Collegiate  In- 
stitute. He  taught  school  for  a  time,  but 
entered  the  dental  profession  as  a  student  under 
Dr.  E.  O.  Smith,  now  of  Portland  but  at  that 
time  a  resident  of  Albany.  His  professional 
training,  completed  he  entered  upon  practice  at 
Astoria,  and  in  1882  removed  to  Tacoma, 
which,  though  a  small  place,  he  regarded  as  a 
coming  large  city.  He  located  in  the  new 
town  below.  Thirteenth  street,  on  Pacific  ave- 
nue, in  the  Onimette  and  Littlejohn  building, 
one  of  the  first  on  the  avenue,  and  the  only 
other  representative  of  his  profession  in  the 
place  was  Dr.  Williamson,  now  of  Sumner, 
who  removed  from  Tacoma  six  months  later. 
Since  that  time  Dr.  Orchard  has  been  identified 
with  Tacoma,  and  has  contributed  his  share  to- 
ward its  upbuilding. 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


929 


He  was  married  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota, 
on  the  12th  of  November,  1891,  to  Miss  Fan- 
nie Garden,  a  native  of  London,  England,  but 
reared  in  this  country. 

Dr.  Orchard  is  a  member  of  Crescent 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  Eebeliah  degree. 
AVliile  ranking  as  the  pioneer  dentist  of  Taco- 
ma,  he  also  stands  as  one  of  its  foremost 
practitioners  in  the  line  of  his  profession. 


d|0HN  T.  LARA  WAY,  who  is  well  and 
favorably  known  in  commercial  circles 
throughout  Lewis  county,  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Centralia  since  1889.  Possessed  of  ex- 
cellent judgment  he  has  always  the  courage  to 
carry  out  ail  undertakings,  and  to  push  to  suc- 
cessful consummation  every  euterpribe  he  as- 
sists in  inaugurating.  Upon  his  arrival  in  Cen- 
tralia he  secured  a  position  as  clerk  in  the  mer- 
cantile establishment  of  Laraway  &  Stocking, 
ot\e  of  the  largest  dry-goods  firms  in  the  coun- 
try. At  the  end  of  one  year  he  resigned  his 
position  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  partner- 
ship with  Arthur  James.  Stocking  their  house 
with  a  choice  selection  of  goods  they  opened  to 
the  public,  and  success  attended  tiieir  every  ef- 
fort. At  the  end  of  one  year  Mr.  Laraway 
sold  his  interest  in  this  business  in  order  to 
assume  the  mauagetneut  of  the  Centralia  Steam 
Laundry,  which  at  that  time  was  in  need  of  an 
ex))erienced  business  man  to  steer  its  fortunes. 
After  one  year  in  this  position,  during  which 
time  he  liad  put  the  affairs  in  shape  to  insure 
prosperity,  he  severed  his  connection,  at  the 
same  time  entering  into  negotiations  with  the 
Centralia  Grocery  Company,  a  corporation  rep- 
resenting a  capital  of  $25,000:  J.  A.  Thomson, 
president;  J.  T.  Laraway,  vice-president,  and  E. 
Laraway,  treasurer.  They  transact  a  whole- 
sale and  retail  business,  second  to  none  in  this 
line  in  the  county. 

John  T.  Laraway  was  born  in  Aurora,  Ill- 
inois, September  25,  1866,  the  youngest  of 
three  children  of  Erskinf!  and  Emily  (Twichell) 
Laraway,  natives  of  the  Empire  State.  The 
father  and  mother  returned  to  New  York  when 
Joiin  T.  was  a  child,  and  there  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools;  he  entered  the  business  college  of 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  and  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1882. 


Mr.  Laraway  has  unbounded  faith  in  the  fu- 
ture of  Lewis  county,  both  as  an  agricultural  and 
manufacturing  field.  He  owns  280  acres  of  fine 
timber  land  lying  on  the  Chehalis  river.  In 
politics  he  supports  the  Democratic  party  with 
an  unwavering  zeal;  he  is  actively  interested  in 
educational  matters,  realizing  that  upon  the 
youth  of  the  land  the  Nation's  future  depends. 
The  efficiency  of  the  fire  department  of  Cen- 
tralia is  in  a  large  measure  due  to  the  efforts  of 
Mr.  Laraway;  he  is  foreman  of  Hose  Company 
No.  1,  and  is  the  present  treasurer.  In  1891 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council,  a  posi- 
tion he  is  well  qualified  to  fill.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Royal  Order  of  Good  Fellows. 

Mr.  Laraway  was  married  April  30,  1889,  to 
Miss  Kate  M.  Anderson,  a  native  of  New  York 
State,  and  to  them  has  been  born  a  son,  named 
John  E. 

dl  ACOB  DUBACK,  of  Clarke  county,  Wash- 
'  ington,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany, 
-'  January  22,  1822,  a  son  of  Fritz  and 
Catherina  (Burnside)  Duback.  Jacob,  the 
youngest  of  five  children,  and  now  the  only 
surviving  member  of  the  taaiily,  was  reared  and 
educated  in  the  land  of  his  birth.  In  lS-t6  he 
emigrated  to  America,  locating  at  Bnft'alo,  New 
York. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  war  he 
enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Infantry,  accompanied 
the  command  of  General  Taylor  to  the  scene  of 
hostilities,  and  saw  much  active  service  during 
the  campaign.  After  the  close  of  the  struggle  he 
returned  to  the  States,  re-enlisted  in  the  Third 
United  States  Artillery,  and  was  ordered  to 
California.  His  command  embarked  from  New 
York  on  the  steamer  San  Francisco,  but  Just 
out  from  Sandy  Hook  their  vessel  w^as  wrecked, 
cholera  became  an  epidemic,  and  after  fourteen 
days  only  300  of  the  1,100  souls  that  started 
full  of  life  and  vigor  were  left  to  tell  the  tale  of 
disaster  and  hardships.  Happily  for  the  future 
life  of  Mr.  Duback  his  beloved  wife  was  among 
whose  who  survived. 

Our  subject  and  comrades  were  then  sent 
overland  with  Colonel  Steptoe  in  command, 
passed  the  winter  of  1855  at  Salt  Lake,  con- 
tinued the  trip  the  following  spring,  and  in  due 
time  arrived  at  Sacramento,  California.  Mr. 
Duback  has  served  ten  years  in  the  regular 
army,  took  part  in    the  Rogue  river    war,    and 


930 


HISTORY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


was  finally  discharged  at  Fort  Vancouver  in 
1858.  He  soon  afterward  took  up  his  residence 
at  Mill  plain,  where  he  now  owns  517  acres  of 
land,  300  acres  cultivated,  including  an  orchard 
of  three  acres  of  a  general  variety  of  fruit. 

Mr.  Duback  was  married  at  Newport,  lihode 
Island,  October  9, 1853,  to  Miss  Dorothy  Soner, 
a  native  of  Germany.  They  have  had  twelve 
children:  Frank  J.;  Frederick  V.;  Charles  P.; 
Mary  L.,  now  the  wife  of  Captain  L.  A.  Boley; 
May,  widow  of  Joseph  Bybee;  Ida  J.,  wife  of 
Matthew  Steel,  of  Portland,  Oregon;  Necklas 
J.;  Henry  J.;  Julia;  Jacob;  Robert  K.  and  Ray. 
Mr.  Duback  has  always  taken  an  active  interest 
in  educatiotial  matters,  and  has  served  as  a 
School  Director  for  over  nine  years.  He  is  one 
of  those  spirited  men  who  has  made  good  use 
of  the  opportunities  offered  him,  has  succeeded 
in  saving  a  competency  in  the  years  past,  and 
he  and  his  estimable  wife  are  now  spending 
their  evening  of  life  together,  surrounded  by 
their  children  and  grandchildren. 


[[ENRY  BUCEY,  a  prominent  lawyer,  ex- 
I.  president  of  the  Washington  State  Hor- 
II  ticultnral  Society,  and  one  of  the  fore- 
naost  citizens  of  Tacoma,  was  born  in 
Noble  county,  Ohio,  April  1,  1847,  son  of 
Walter  and  Mary  (Groves)  Bucey,  botii  natives 
of  Virginia. 

When  Mr.  Bucey  was  about  three  years  old, 
his  parents  removed  with  their  family  to  Bev- 
erly, Washington  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was 
reared  to  manhood.  In  the  spring  of  1868  we 
find  him  at  Blooniingdale,  Wisconsin,  at  which 
place  he  remained  until  fall,  when  he  went  to 
Kansas,  intending  to  remain  there  during  the 
winter  and  in  the  spring  go  ou  to  California. 
However,  he  became  engaged  in  teaming,  driv- 
ing a  four-mule  team  from  Kansas  City  to 
lola,  Kansas,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  latter 
place  he  continued  for  about  a  year  and  a  half. 
He  next  went  to  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  where,  in 
connection  with  his  brother,  William  T.,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  restaurant  business  on  Second 
street.  In  a  little  less  than  a  year  he  turned  his 
interest  over  to  his  brother  and  accepted  em- 
ployment in  the  Ottumwa  nursery,  tlie  latter 
work  being  especially  suited  to  his  taste.  Hav- 
ing learned  the  business,  lie  went,  two  years 
later,  back  to  southern  Kansas  and   started  the 


Prolific  nursery,  near  Osage  Mission.  For 
nearly  seven  years  he  maintained  one  of  the 
leading  nurseries  of  that  region,  but  in  1874-'75 
the  grassiiopper  plague  destroyed  the  fruits  of 
his  labor.  In  the  spring  of  1876  he  left  there, 
with  both  health  and  purse  impoverished,  and 
arrived  at  Portland,  Oregon,  on  April  15.  He 
secured  employment  in  a  sawmill,  where  he 
worked  until  his  health  gave  out,  and  after  that 
he  went  east  of  the  mountains  to  Umatilla 
county,  and  three  miles  from  Athena  he  took 
up  a  homestead  claim.  Brim  full  of  energy  and 
with  the  determination  to  improve  his  place,  he 
went  into  the  mountains  and  cut  several  thou- 
sand rails  to  use  for  fencing,  and  about  the  time 
he  got  them  hauled  out  he  was  taken  with  se- 
vere sickness.  He  then  went  to  the  Warm 
Springs,  on  the  Umatilla  river,  but  instead  of 
getting  better  he  grew  worse,  and  on  physician's 
order  went  to  hospital  at  Portland,  where  he 
remained  several  months.  His  condition  at  the 
end  of  that  time  being  somewhat  improved,  his 
friends  insisted  upon  taking  him  to  his  home, 
and  after  his  removal  he  gradually  got  better. 
He  got  possession  in  full  of  his  homestead,  but 
in  the  meantime  the  Nez  Perces  war  had  broken 
out,  all  his  fencing  had  been  burned,  and  the 
only  improvement  left  on  his  land  was  a  shanty. 
He  had  about  $90  in  his  pocket,  and,  although 
unable  to  do  hard  labor,  managed  to  get  along 
that  year,  broke  some  ground  and  put  in  some 
whent.  He  sold  fruit  trees  for  Cook  &  Son,  on 
a  commission,  and  with  the  money  realized  in 
this  way,  together  with  what  he  got  for  his 
wheat  crop,  he  found  himself  that  fall  the  pos- 
sessor of  $500. 

Mr.  Buicy  liiul  re.-ohed  U<  ac(juire  an  educa- 
tion, however,  and  fit  himself  for  a  profession, 
so  he  went  back  to  Portland  and  presented  him- 
self for  admission  to  the  Bishop  Scott  Grammar 
School;  and,  although  a  man  grown,  was  accept- 
ed and  at  once  entered  upon  the  study  of  Eng- 
lish grammar  and  Latin.  He  next  sought  a 
first-class  law  office,  where  he  could  make  a 
start  in  the  profession  he  had  mapped  out  for 
himself.  He  applied  at  the  office  of  Dolph, 
Pennoyer  &  Simon,  and  his  earnestness  and 
firm  determination  secured  for  him  the  place. 
He  accordingly  entered  upon  his  duties  there  as 
office  boy.  He  soon  became  thoroughly  fami- 
liar with  every  thing  in  the  oflSce,  and  for  near- 
ly two  years  applied  himself  constantly  to 
study.  About  that  time  Judge  Walker,  while 
in   the  United  States  Court  at    Portland,   saw 


HISTORY     OF    W.'lSfflNOTON. 


young  Eiicey,  noted  bis  great  progress  and  in- 
vited him  to  become  a  partner,  with  ottice  at 
Pendleton.  This  invitation  he  accepted,  al- 
though the  firm  with  whom  he  had  been  wished 
him  to  remain  with  them.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon  in  1884.  His 
special  adaptation  for  the  legal  profession,  to- 
gether with  his  thorough  preparation  and  his 
strong  determination  to  work  his  way  to  the 
front,  at  once  biought  him  into  prominence,  and 
his  success  has  been  tar  greater  than  even  he  or 
his  most  ardent  friends  anticipated.  The  firm 
of  which  he  was  a  men)ber  took  in  over  $6,000 
in  cash  the  first  yepr,  besides  having  more  than 
$1,000  on  their  books.  A  notable  feature  of  his 
success  was  the  effect  it  had  upon  the  opinion 
of  him  entertained  by  his  old  neighbors  near  his 
homestead  claim.  When  he  entered  the  law 
office  in  Portland  to  study,  the  joke  was  passed 
around,  '-Bucej  is  going  to  be  a  lawyer."  But 
when  he  had  actually  done  so,  and  came  back 
and  saved  lur  theni  their  homesteads,  tlieir 
feeling  of  respect  was  by  no  means  unmixed  with 
gratitude. 

October  28,  1883,  Mr.  Bucey  was  married  to 
Miss  Nellie  Walker,  daughter  of  his  partner, 
and  their  union  has  been  blessed  in  the  bii'th 
of  three  children:  Gerald  H.,  Harold  O.,  and 
Jesse  Marion. 

Although  ills  practice  was  all  he  could  de- 
sire, his  health  was  poor,  and,  being  advised  to 
go  to  the  coast,  he  came  to  Tacoma  in  1886, 
and  entered  into  practice  among  strangers,  at  a 
time  when  there  was  little  doing  in  the  law.  He 
invested  some  in  real  estate,  and,  having  leisure 
time,  devoted  it  to  horticulture  and  the  organ- 
ization of  a  horticultural  society.  Seeing,  how- 
ever, that  the  organization  needed  new  life,  he 
wrote  to  leading  men,  asking  their  opinions 
about  starting  a  horticnltural  paper,  the  result 
of  which  was  that  he  afterward  established  the 
Northwest  Horticulturalist,  the  first  issne  bear- 
ing date  of  October,  1887.  This  is  now  the 
leading  horticultural  paper  of  the  country.  He 
published  2,000  papers,  and  got  advertisements 
and  subscriptions  which  helped  him  in  running 
it.  In  the  meantime  his  law  practice  picked  up 
and  his  real-estate  advanced  in  interest,  so  he 
sold  the  paper. 

From  the  starting  of  the  exhibition  that  he 
held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Horticnltural 
Society,  grew  the  idea  of  a  great  exposition  for 
Tacoma.  He  originated  the  matter  in  a  letter 
to  the  Chamber  of   Commerce,  which   refeired 


the  subject  to  the  Public  Building  Committee. 
The  committee  endorsed  it,  and  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  asked  him  to  organize  it,  which 
he  did,  and  was  elected  president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Northwest  Exposition  Company. 
After  he  had  got  $90,000  pledged  and  leading 
citizens  interested,  he  was  given  a  commission 
to  go  elsewhere  and  inspect  similar  institutions. 
This  order  was  carried  out  and  he  brought  back 
plans  with  him.  During  his  absence,  liowever, 
some  of  the  trustees  got  to  quibbling  about  the 
legality  of  the  corporation  since  the  change  of 
Washington  to  Statehood.  They  organized  tiie 
Northwestern  Exposition  Company,  and  Mr. 
Bucey  was  elected  one  of  the  board  of  trustees; 
he  did  not  meet  with  the  others,  however,  and, 
deprived  of  the  leading  spirit,  the  movement 
waned. 

A  year  later  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  took 
up  the  matter  again,  and  the  committee  ap- 
pointed on  that  subject  asked  Mr.  Bucey  to  take 
the  management  and  carry  out  the  exposition 
project.  He  accepted  the  trust,  raised  $115,000, 
arranged  every  thing,  and  in  ninety-four  days 
the  great  building  was  ereced  and  the  exhibits 
])laccd  therein.  The  building  and  plant  cost 
$85,000.  Under  his  management,  the  exposi- 
tion proved  a  trreat  success,  but  later  on  it  failed 
to  meet  expectations.  The  reason  it  prospered 
under  his  handling  was  that  he  took  a  genuine, 
unselfish  interest  in  its  success  and  in  that  of 
the  city,  and  threw  his  heart  and  soul  into  the 
work. 

June  6,  1892,  at  a  meeting  at  Walla  Walla  of 
the  State  Board  of  Horticulture  and  Washing- 
ton World's  Fair  Commissioners,  Mr.  Bucey 
was  chosen  general  superintendent  of  horticul- 
ture for  the  World's  Fair,  but  in  October  fol- 
lowing resigned  the  position. 

He  is  president  of  the  Seattle  &  Tacoma  Air 
Line  Eailroad  Company,  which  was  organized 
February  24,  1890,  by  Henry  Bucey,  L.  F. 
Kogers,  J.  C.  Weatlieri-ed  and  Eugene  Puth, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000.  The  survey- 
ing has  been  completed,  most  of  the  right  of 
way  obtained,  and  the  line  will  ultimately  be 
built,  the  matter  of  right  of  way  across  the 
Puyallup  reservation  being  the  only  cause  of 
delay.  The  line  would  be  thirty  and  a  half  miles 
long,  while  the  Northern  Pacific  line  is  forty- 
fonr  miles. 

We  further  record  that  Mr.  Bucey  is  proprie- 
tor of  the  town  site  of  Buenna,  seven  and  a  half 
miles  from  Tacoma,  laid  out  in  1891.     He  was 


HISTORT    OF    WASHINGTON. 


a  candidate  for  Probate  Judge  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  the  first  year  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton, but  he  took  issue  with  the  free  trade  policy 
of  some  of  its  prominent  Democratic  leaders, 
and  is  now  a  Republican,  having  made  the 
change  mostly  on  that  account.  Fraternally, 
he  is  a  prominent  Odd  Fellow.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  Crescent  lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  served  as  its  second  Noble  Grand. 


DR.  NATHANIEL   J.  REDPATH,  As- 
sistant Physician  at  the  Western   Wash- 
iugton  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at  Foit 

Steilacoon,  is  a  native  son  of  Washington,  and 
was  born  in  Cowlitz  county,  on  a  ranch  where 
the  present  town  of  Kelso  stands,  January  19, 
1860.  His  parents  were  James  and  P.  C.  (Os- 
trander)  Redpath,  the  former  born  and  reared 
in  Illinois.  In  an  early  day  he  joined  a  com- 
pany of  emigrants  and  crossed  the  plains  by  ox- 
teams,  settling  in  what  is  now  Cowlitz  county, 
Washington.  He  was  married  there  and  settled 
on  a  ranch,  where  he  followed  farming,  and  also 
bought  and  sold  cattle,  which  he  drove  to 
points  on  Puget  Sound  and  to  Victoria,  Brit- 
ish Columbia.  In  1866  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Albany,  Oregon,  wliere  he  resided  un- 
til his  death,  in  1869,  greatly  lamented  by  all 
who  knew  him.  His  widow  was  married  to  C. 
B.  Moutague  in  the  year  1880,  and  now  resides 
in  Lebanon,  Oregon.  Thej  belonged  to  the  path- 
finders of  the  State,  blazing  the  way  for  others 
to  follow  and  planting  the  seeds  of  cizilization 
for  others  to  enjoy,  and  as  such  are  entitled  to 
the  gratitude  of  all  future  generations. 

Nathaniel  Redpath,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  six  years  of  age  when  his  parents  removed 
from  Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  to  Albany, 
Oregon,  where  the  following  nine  years  of  his 
life  were  passed,  after  which  he  spent  three 
years  in  Cowlitz  county  again.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute 
and  enjoyed  the  further  advantage  of  a  cultured 
and  refined  home.  In  1883,  he  went  to  Van- 
couver, Washington,  where  he  had  charge  of  a 
general  mercantile  store  for  one  year.  Having, 
by  this  time,  decided  on  adopting  the  medical 
]irofession  as  his  life  work,  he  then  commenced 
attendance  at  the  medical  department  of  the 
Willamette  LTniversity,  where  he  spent  one 
year.      He  then  went  to  the  JefEerson   Medical 


College,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  until  his  graduation,  in  1887.  He  at 
once  opened  an  ofKce  in  Olympia,  Washington, 
but  in  September,  of  that  year,  was  offered  his 
present  position,  which  he  has  ever  since  re- 
tained. Ever  mindful  of  self-improvement  and 
advancement  in  his  beloved  profession,  he  has 
in  the  meantime  attended  lectures  at  both  the 
xSew  York  Postgi'adnate  Institution  and  the 
Philadelphia  Polyclinic,  where  he  passed  seven 
tnonths  in  a  most  profitable  manner. 

November  28,  1882,  Dr.  Redpath  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Anna  R.  Bridgford,  a  native  of 
Missouri,  a  lady  of  many  charms  of  mind  and 
character. 

Dr.  Redpath  is  a  member  of  the  Pierce  Coun- 
ty Medical  Society,  and  Washington  State  Medi- 
cal Society,  in  both  of  which  he  takes  an  active 
part.  He  is,  fraternally,  a  member  of  the 
Rainier  Lodge,  No.  8,  A.  O.  U.  W.  The 
medical  profession  has  no  more  worthy  disciple 
than  Dr.  Redpatii,  as  is  fully  testified  by  his 
thorough  and  conscientious  work,  a  credit 
alike  to  himself  and  to  the  great  State  in  which 
he  lives. 


LIVER  C.  WHITE,  State  Printer  of 
AVashington  and  a  resident  of  Olympia, 
was  born  in   Dubuque  county,  Iowa,  De- 
cember 1,  1846. 

His  parents,  Charles  and  Mary  J.  (Clemens) 
White,  were  natives  of  Ohio  and  Illinois  re- 
spectively. Charles  White  in  early  manhood 
was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  cabinet- 
maker, carpenter  and  joiner,  which  he  subse- 
quently followed  in  Iowa  in  connection  with 
farming  and  lead-mining.  Deciding  to  remove 
to  Oregon,  he  equipped  himself  with  ox  teams 
and  the  necessary  outfit  and  started  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1849.  The  following  winter  they  passed 
at  Council  Bluffs,  and  early  in  the  spring  of 
1850  set  out  on  the  long  journey  across  the 
plains,  reaching  their  destination,  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  late  in  September.  There  they  re- 
mained until  the  spring  of  1853,  when  they  took 
up  their  abode  in  Olympia.  In  1856  they 
moved  to  The  Dalles,  where  Mr.  White  en- 
gaged in  raining  and  mercantile  pursuits.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  served  as  Assessor  aud 
Coroner  of  the  county,  and  for  seven  years  was 
County   Sheriff.     In  1868  he   returned   to  the 


in  STOUT    OF     WASHINGTON. 


AVillamette  ralley.  Then  he  traveled  throiio;h 
the  southern  Oregon  and  norlliern  California 
mines,  subsequently  locating  in  eastern  AVash- 
ington,  and  in  1879  removing  to  northern  Idaho, 
where  he  has  since  followed  agricultural  pursuits. 
Oliver  C.  White  received  his  education  at 
Olympia  and  The  Dalles,  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  nineteen  years  old,  al- 
though he  was  self-supporting  from  the  time  he 
was  sixteen,  being  newsboy  and  also  making 
himself  useful  in  various  other  ways.  In  1866 
he  went  to  the  mines  at  Silver  City,  Idaho, 
where  he  remained  one  year.  Then  he  engaged 
in  farming  in  the  "Willamette  valley  until  April, 
1868,  when  he  was  appointed  guard  at  the  State 
Penitentiary  at  Salem,  filling  the  office  one 
year.  In  the  fall  of  1871  he  located  near  Day- 
ton, eastern  Washington,  where  he  taught 
school  five  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 
was  elected  Auditor  of  Columbia  county.  At 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  ofKce  he  was  re- 
elected, thus  filling  the  position  until  January, 
1881.  In  1879  he  bought  the  Columbia  Chron- 
icle, which  he  continued  four  years.  In  1882 
he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  by 
Judge  S.  C.  Wingard,  and  discharged  the  duties 
of  that  office  until  February,  1886,  when,  owing 
to  a  change  of  administration,  he  resigned.  He 
was  then  appointed  by  the  Legislature  as  Peni- 
tentiary Commissioner,  and  superintended  the 
erection  of  the  new  building  at  Walla  AValla. 
In  the  fall  of  1886  he  repurchased  the  Chron- 
icle, which  he  continued  until  1890.  About 
the  time  he  repurchased  this  paper  he  was 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  tilling  the 
office  one  term.  He  also  filled  the  offices  of 
Mayor  of  Dayton,  Town  Trustee,  School  Di- 
rector and  President  of  the  Boai-d  of  Trade; 
was  a  member  of  the  fire  company  and  was 
actively  connected  with  Republican  politics.  In 
the  spring  of  1889  he  was  appointed  Secre- 
tary of  Washington  Territory  by  President  Har- 
rison, and  the  appointment  was  confirmed  by 
the  Senate.  He  then  removed  to  Olympia  and 
was  engaged  in  the  duties  of  that  office  until 
Washington  became  a  State,  which  event  oc- 
curi-ed  the  following  November.  After  this 
Mr.  AVhite  purchased  an  interest  in  the  State 
Printing  and  Publishing  Company,  of  which 
company  he  became  president  and  business 
manager,  employing  over  thirty  hands  in  gen- 
eral printing  and  book-binding.  In  March, 
1890,  he  was  appointed  State  Printer,  the  office 
to  be  subsequently  filled  by  the  election  of   tiie 


people.  He  was  elected  to  the  same  position 
in  1892  for  a  term  of  four  years,  beginning 
July  1,  1893. 

He  was  married  in  Dayton,  AVashington, 
Fabruary  19,  1875,  to  Miss  Susan  J.  Rainwater, 
a  native  of  Arkansas.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren: Walter  A.,  AA'^ill  R.,  and  Mary  H. 

Socially,  Mr.  AVhite  is  a  Knight  Templar 
Mason  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  being 
Past  Grand  Master  and  a  representative  to  the 
Sovereign  Grand  Lodcre. 


dlOHN   T.  SCHOLL  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
born  in  AVurtemberg  on  the  30th  day  of 
—     November,  1850,  his  parents  being  Michael 
and  Esther  (Sprecher)  SchoU. 

From  six  to  fourteen  years  of  age  he  was  sent 
to  the  best  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  aft- 
erward learned  the  stone-cutters'  trade  in  Ell- 
hofen,  serving  two  years  as  apprentice,  and  then 
traveling  throughout  Germany  and  a  portion  of 
France.  He  entered  the  German  army  in  1870 
in  the  Third  Company,  Eighth  Regiment,  of 
Wurtenibergers,  and  was  in  the  army  of  Prince 
Fi-ederick.  His  first  engagement  was  at  Sedan, 
and  at  the  siege  of  Paris  from  the  27th  of  Sep- 
tember to  the  29th  of  January;  in  fort  until 
13th  of  March,  and  then  ordered  back  to  Stras- 
burg,  where  he  remained  five  months,  and  was 
then  furloughed.  On  the  19th  of  November, 
1871,  he  sailed  from  Hamburg  for  America, 
landing  at  New  York  on  December  8.  Pie  soon 
went  to  Granville,  New  Jersey,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1874,  working  at  his  trade  and 
learning  how  to  blast.  In  1874  he  went  to  San 
Francisco,  where  he  worked  one  and  a  half 
years.  He  was  married  there,  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Caroline  AVittaner,  a  native  of  Baden,  Ger- 
many. In  1876  he  bought  a  ranch  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  conducted  the  same  until  1881, 
when  he  came  to  Tacoina.  He  first  engaged 
in  any  work  he  could  get  to  do,  finally  starting 
a  saloon,  and  in  1887  bought  the  New  Tacoma 
Brewery  and  conducted  it  until  1889,  when  he 
started  a  brewery  where  he  is  now  located. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scholl  have  four  children,  viz.: 
Charles,  John,  Louisa  and  Andrew. 

Mr.  Scholl  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Banner  Lodge,  No.  22;  I.  O.  O.  F., 
No.  65;  also  of  Red  Men,  Tribe  No.  5;  the 
German  Society;  and  of  the  German  War  Vet- 
erans. 


Heckman 

BINDERY,        IN 

JUNE  03 

.MANCHESTER.  INDIANA 4<