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REYNOLDS  HISTOR^C?^^^ 
GENEALOGY  COLLECTlOK 


1 1833  01 149  7994 


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979.7 

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1822534 


AN 


LLUSTRATED  HISTORY 


OF 


STE^EIS,  FERRY,  iilGAH  AID  CHELA! 


')        ^    IVLLI^LXJ 


COUNTIES 


STATE  OF  WASHINGTON 


Western  Historical  Publishing  Company 


PUBLISHERS 
1904 


DEDICATED 


PIONEERS  OF  STEVENS,   FERRY.   OKANOGAN   AND 
CHELAN  COUNTIES. 

TO    THOSE    WHO    HAVE    GONE,    AND    TO    THOSE    WHO    REMAIN     TO     RECITE 

THE    ACHIEVEMENTS    OF    THE    PAST,     THESE    PAGES     ARE 

RESPECTFULLY     INSCRIBED. 


1822534 


"You  will  find  but  a  scattered  few  likely  to  take  anything  more 
than  a  biographical  view  of  human  affairs.  " 

— Herbert  Spencer:  Study  of  Sociology. 


FOREWORD. 


ITH  this  volume  is  presented  the  first  History  ever  compiled  and  published,  devoted 
exclusively  to  Stevens,  Ferry,  Okanogan  and  Chelan  counties,  Washington.  Part  I, 
which  concerns  itself  directly  with  the  prominent  events  in  the  Territorial  and-state 
history  since  1550,  is  a  comprehensive  abridgement  from  the  most  authentic  data 
obtainable  by  eminent  historians  of  the  United  States,  England  and  Spain.  In  this  connection 
we  acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to  the  late  George  Bancroft;  Hon.  Hall  J.  Kelley;  the 
"Journal"  of  Lewis  and  Clarke;  letters  and  other  documents  written  by  the  ill-fated  Dr.  Marcus 
Whitman;  "Oregon:  the  Struggle  for  Possession,"  by  William  Barrows;  "Astoria,"  by  Wash- 
ington Irving;  Congressional  Reports  on  the  Oregon  Question;  Washington's  correspondence 
with  John  Jay;  the  Colfax,  Washington,  C^/«w^(7«fr;  correspondence  of  James  Douglas;  Barton's 
"Washington  Legislative  Handbook  and  Manual";  correspondence  printed  in  the  Olympic 
Pioneer:  the  eminent  western  historian,  Hubert  Howe  Bancroft;  State  papers  of  Governor  Isaac 
Ingalls  Stevens;  Archibald  Mc'Vicker  and  Hon.  A.  A.  Denny. 

Our  friendly  coadjutors,  who  have  so  kindly  and  cheerfully  assisted  during  the  collabora- 
tion and  compilation  of  the  volume,  have  been  many.  We  desire  to  here  frankly  state  that  in  no 
instance  has  any  one  of  these  pioneers,  business  men,  or  even  temporary  residents  of  the  vast 
country  traversed,  bearing  on  every  hand  undeniable  evidence  of  thrift  and  prosperity,  refused 
to  assist  or  failed  to  greet  the  arduous  works  with  encouragement.  We  cannot  too  cordially 
thank  each  and  all  of  them. 

To  us  the  editorial  fraternity  has  been  friendly.  To  A.  E.  Adams,  Colvillc  Reveille,  W.  D. 
Allen,  Statesman-Index,  John  B.  Slater,  W.  P.  Hughes,  Northport  News,  W.  H.  Brownlow 
&  Sons,  Cheioelah  Independent,  George  W.  Bisson,  Springdale  Record,  all  of  Stevens  county; 
.\.  I.  Drake,  Republic  News-Miner,  H.  C.  V'asYvcnftnt,  Rep2iblic  Record,  Ferry  county;  Frank 
M.  Dallam,  Palmer  Mountain  Prospector,  J.  O.  Sehorn,  Meyers  Creek  News,  Ozro  H.  Woody, 
Okanogan  Record,  Messers.  Gillespie  &  Savage,  Brewster  Herald,  Okanogan  county;  A.  S. 
Lindsay  and  Martin  Spencer,  Wenatchee  Advance,  and  De  Witt  C.  Britt,  Chelan  Leader,  due 
acknowledgment  is  made  for  valuable  assistance  in  work  upon  this  History.  The  files  of  their  most 
creditable  publications  are,  at  present,  the  most  available  and  authentic  data  for  a  work  of 
this  description. 

To  Auditors  Richard  Nagle,  of  Stevens,  and  Henry  Carr,  of  Okanogan,  counties.  State 
Representative  M.  J.  Maloney,  Francis  Wolff,  Jacob  Stitzel,  John  Rickey,  S.  F.  Sherwood,  of 
Colville;  Dr.  S.  H.  Manly,  George  B.  Stocking,  J.  C  Kerley  and  M.  H.  Joseph,  Ferry  county; 
County  Attorney  E.  K.  Pendergast,  County  Treasurer  J.  M.  Pitman,  Henry  Lawrence,  George 
H.  Blackwell  and  Harry  Harris,  of  ConconuUy;  Father  E.  de  Rouge,  of  the  Omak  Mission, 
Okanogan  county;  Captain  Charles  Johnson,  of  Lakeside,  and  Arthur  Gunn,  of  Wenatchee, 
Chelan  county,  our  thanks  are  sincerely  tendered  for   many  courtesies  extended  by  them. 

The  general  and  introductory  history  is  the  production  of  Richard  F.  Steele.  The  special 
histories  of  Stevens,  Ferry,  Okanogan,  and  Chelan  counties  were  written  by  Richard  F.  Steele 
assisted  by  Arthur  P.  Rose. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 
Spokane,  Washington,   March  1,  1904. 


ENDORSEMENTS. 


We,  the  undersigned,  after  listening  for  several  evenings  to  the  reading  of  a  large  portion  of  the  manuscript 
containing  the  history  of  Stevens  county,  to  be  published  by  The  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company,  of 
Spokane,  Washington,  bear  testimony  that  it  gives  evidence  of  extensive  reading  and  careful  and  conscientious 
research,  and  presents — to  our  best  knowledge — an  accurate,  comprehensive,  and  impartial  record  of  events,  and  as 
such  we  endorse  and  commend  it. 

Francis  Wolff, 
S.  F.  Sherwood, 
JOHN  B.  Slater, 
•  Committee  of  Citizens. 

COLVILLE,  Wash.,  Nov.  15,  1903. 


We,  the  undersigned,  having  examined  a  large  portion  of  the  manuscript  containing  the  history  of  Ferry 
county,  to  be  published  by  The  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company,  Spokane,  Washington,  bear  testimony  that 
it  gives  evidence  of  extensive  reading  and  conscientious  research,  and  presents  — to  our  best  knowledge — an  accurate, 
comprehensive  and  impartial  record  of  events,  and  as  such  we  endorse  and  commend  it. 


George  B.  Stocking, 
S.  H.  Manly, 
J.  C.  Kerley, 

Committee  of  Citizens. 


Republic,  Wash.,  Dec. 


We,  the  undersigned,  have  examined  such  portions  of  the  history  of  Stevens,  Ferry,  Okanogan,  and  Chelan 
counties  as  relate  to  the  county  of  Okanogan,  in  manuscript,  to  be  published  by  The  Western  Historical  Publishing 
Company.  To  the  best  of  our  knowledge  they  give  evidence  of  careful  research,  extensive  reading,  and  comparison  of 
dates  and  names,  and  are  written  in  a  comprehensive,  impartial  and  conscientious  manner.  As  such  we  endorse  and 
commend  the  work  to  the  public. 

Henry  Carr, 

George  H.  Blackwell, 

Henry  Lawre.^ce, 

Committee  of  Citizens 
CONCONULLY,  Wash.,  Jan.  20,  1904. 


We,  the  undersigned,  having  examined  those  portions  of  the  manuscript  of  the  history  of  Stevens,  Ferry, 
Okanogan  and  Chelan  counties,  relating  exclusively  to  the  county  of  Chelan,  cheerfully  testify  that  to  the  best  of 
our  knowledge,  the  work  has  been  written  in  an  impartial  and  conscientious  manner,  and  shows  in  its  compilation 
extensive  reading  and  research  with  an  honest  endeavor  to  secure  the  facts  and  thoroughly  authentic  data.  As  such 
we  cordially  commend  it  to  the  public. 


N.  N.  Brown, 
W.  O.  Parr, 
C.  A.  Harlin, 
W.  R.  Prowell, 
Arthur  Gunn, 

Committee  of  Citizens. 


Wenatchee,  Wash.,  Feb.  2.S,  1904 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS, 


PART    L 


Dawn  of  Discovery. 
Juan  Rodriguez  in  the  Waters  of  the  Smiling  Pacific— His  Mantle  Falls  Upon  the  Shoulders  of  Bartolome 
Ferrelo— Francis  Drake  Reaches  as  High  as  Latitude  Forty-three  Degrees— He  Abandons  the  Search  for 
Anian  and  Returns  to  England— Spain  Becomes  Aggressive  in  Northwest  Exploration— Early  Voyages  of 
Urdaneta — Juan  De  Fuca  Sails  From  Spain  in  Search  of  the  Strait  of  Anian — Advance  Guard  of  Inland 
Explorers  Led  by  Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie— Speculation  on  the  Origin  of  the  Word  "Oregon"— Story  of 
^L  Le  Page  du  Pratz 2-G 

CHAPTER  IL 
Mississippi  to  the  Coast. 
President  Jefferson's  Scheme  to  Traverse  Continent  to  the  Pacific  Ocean— Selection  of  Merriwether  Lewis  and 
William  Clarke  for  the  Enterprise— Their  Achievements  After  Entering  the  Territory  of  Oregon— Major 
Joshua  Pitcher's  Description  of  this  Terra  Incognita  in  1800— The  Willamette  River  and  a  Section  of  the 
Mighty  Columbia— Lewis  and  Clarke  Start  L'p  the  Missouri— Fourteen  Months  From  their  Departure— Party 
Endures  Innumerable  Hardships— Topography  of  the  Qjuntry— Explorers  Interview  Various  Indian  Tribes 
— Across  the  Mountains — Compelled  to  Eat  Horses  and  Dogs— Arrival  at  "Hungry  Creek" — Pow  Wow  with 
Savages— Down  the  Snake  to  the  Columbia  River— Dangerous  Rapids  Interfere  With  Navigation— From 
Tidewater  to  the  Sea— Lewis  and  Clarke's  Party  Pass  the  Winter  in  Camp  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Columbia  and 
Set  Out  on  their  Return T-l:! 

CHAPTER  III. 
The  Oregon  Controversy. 
Struggle  of  Five  Nations  for  Possession  of  "Oregon" — Question  Becomes  Important  and  Far  Reaching — One 
Hundred  Years  Punctuated  With  Many  Wars— Part  Played  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company— Results  ol 
Mackenzie's  Explorations— Monotony  of  the  Fur  Trader's  Life— Boundary  Commission  of  1841— Ashburton- 
Webster  Treaty— Commission  of  1846— Eyes  of  England  Opened  by  the  Expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clarke- 
First  English  Settlement  Made  by  Fraser  in  1806— John  Jacob  Astor  Establishes  a  Trading  Post  at  Astoria- 
Supremacy  of  Commercialism  Over  Sentimental  Statesmanship— Twenty-Seven  Years  of  Diplomatic  Delay 
Over  International  Boundary  Affairs — Continuance  of  Joint  Occupancy  of  Oregon  for  Ten  Years —  Ameri- 
cans Strike  Oregon  Where  English  Fail— Oregon  is  Left  Out  of  the  Ashburton-Webster  Treaty— Dr.  Marcus 
Whitman  Arrives  in  Washington,  D.  C,  With  the  Facts  in  the  Case— Establishment  of  the  Forty-ninth 
Parallel  as  the  International  Boundary 14-26 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Tragedy  of  Whitman's  Mission. 

Visit  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  of  Four  Flathead  Indians— They  Come   For  the  "White  Man's  Book"— President  Fiske 

Calls  on  Missionaries  to  Go  to  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  Great  Northwest— Prompt  Response   by  Whitman, 

Rev.  Parker  and  the    Lees— Sketch  of  Dr.  Whitman  by  an  Acquaintance— Significant    Letter  Sent   by 


CONTENTS 


Whitman  to  Secretary  of  War  Porter— Savage  Details  of  the  Whitman  Massacre— Horrible  Superstition  of 
Indian  Tribes— Names  of  the  Victims— Miraculous  Escape  of  Mr.  Osborne  and  Family — Harsh  and  Cruel 
Treatment  of  Refugees  by  McBean — Christmas  in  1847  Passed  in  the  Midst  of  Hostile  Savages 26-33 

CHAPTER  V. 
The  Cayuse  War. 
Explanation  of  Mr.  Mc  Bean's  Treatment  of  Survivors  of  the  Whitman  Massacre— Americans  Take  the  Initiative 
in  the  Cayuse  War — James  Douglas  Writes  to  Governor  Abernethy — Intense  Excitement  Among  People 
'in  the  Wallamet  Settlement — Spokane  and  Nez  Perce  Indians  Refuse  to  Join  the  Cayuse  Tribe — Colonel 
Gilliam  Sets  Forth  From  The  Dalles — Death  of  "Swallow  Ball"  and  Wounding  of  the  "Wizard" — Indians 
Fall  Back  to  the  Snake  River— Escape  and  Final  Capture  of  the  Assassins  of  Dr.  Whitman 34-38 

CHAPTER  VI. 
Other  Ixdiax  Outbreaks. 
Indian  Wars  Immediately  Affecting  Washington — Expedition  of  Major  Granville  O.  Haller — Discovery  of  Gold 
Causes  a  Stampede  to  Fort  Colville — Defiance  of  Chief  Pierre  Jerome — Kamiakin  Declares  War  on  the 
Whites — Campaign  Against  the  Yakimas — Indian  Tragedies  in  the  Puget  Sound  District — Assassination  of 
Lieutenant  Slaughter — Renewal  of  Hostilities  in  the  Yakima  Country — Some  Blunders  of  General  Wool — 
Campaign  of  Colonel  Cornelius— Memorable  Siege  of  the  Cascades— Steptoe's  Campaign-^Failure  of  the 
Council  With  the  Cayuses,  Deschutes  and  Tyghes — Governor  Stevens  Recommends  Enlargement  of  the 
Puyallup  and  Nisqually  Indian  Reservations— Arrest,  Trial  and  Execution  of  Leschi — Indemnity  Claims 
Following  Indian  Troubles  are  Lodged  With  Congress — Horace  Greeley  Favors  Repudiation  of  Them — 
Defeat  of  Steptoe — Triumph  of  Industry    ^^d  Intelligence  Over  Barbaric  Ignorance  and  Indian  Squalor. . .  .38-50 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Territory  and  State. 
Topographv  of  Washington— First  Inroads  of  Civilization— Washington  Might  Have  Been  Columbia— Creation 
of  Lewis  County— Agitation  for  Territorial  Division— Congress  is  Memorialized— Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens 
Appointed  First  Territorial  Governor — Sketch  of  His  Life  and  Heroic  Death — First  Washington  Territorial 
Legislature — A  State  in  all  But  Name — Struggle  for  Capital  Removal — Political  Operations  of  Victor  Smith 
—A  Customs  House  Imbroglio— Removal  from  Port  Townsend  to  Port  Angeles— Death  of  Victor  Smith- 
General  Wright  in  Command  of  the  Department  of  the  Pacific — Congressional  Delegate  Jacobs  Introduces 
Bill  for  the  Admission  of  Washington  into  the  Union— Adoption  of  a  Constitution  Declared  A'oid  and 
Nugatory — Administration  of  Governor  Watson  C.  Squire — Chinese  Riots —  Proclamation  by  President 
Cleveland — Fiscal  Condition  of  the  Territory  in  1886 — Administration  of  Governor  Eugene  Semple — Wash- 
ington Territory  Admitted  as  a  State— Munificent  Land  Grant— First  State  Officials 50-63 


PART     II. 

STEVENS    COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  I. 

From  Beaver  Pelts  to  Ballot  Box. 

Encroachments  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company — Explorations  of  John  McLeod — Mission  of  Father  De  Smet— 

Father  Ravalli— Pioneers  of  Stevens  County— Pinckney  City— Colville  in  1859— Influence  of  Eraser  River 

Excitement  in  Stevens  County— First  Election   Precinct— Assassination  of  H.  W.  Watson— First  Term  of 

Superior  Court — Primitive    Litigation — Indians    Respect  White  Men's   Laws — Consultation  at    Missoula — 

Francis  Wolff  Brings  First  Wagon  to  Colville — Execution  of  an  Indian  for  the  Murder  of  George  Breemer — 

Organization  of  Election  Precincts 65- 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  II. 

Material  Progress  From  1871  to  1903. 

Cutting  Up  Stevens  County — Gold  Dust  a  Circulation  Medium — "Colville"  the  Capital  of  Stevens  County — 

Commissioners  Lease  a  Court   House  Building — Construction  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railway — 

Contest  for  County  Seat— Disastrous  Flood  in  the  Colville  Valley— Damage  by  Wind  Storm— First  Telephone 

Service— Citizens  of  Colville  Subscribe  for  New  Court  House— Last  of  the  Old  Town  of  Pinckney  City 85-99 

CHAPTER  III. 
Descriptive. 
The  Stevens  County  of  Today— Altitudes  of  Various  Towns— The  Beautiful  Colville  Valley— Along  the  Pend 
d'OreiUe— Excellent  Roads  and  Highways— Stevens  County  Game— "A  Great  Country  With  a  Great  Future" 
—The  Marble  Quarries— Considered  as  a  Fruit  Producing  Section— Transportation  Facilities— Stevens 
County's  Markets— Gardiner's  Cave— Geology— Coal— Opening  of  the  "North  Half"  of  the  Colville  Reserva- 
tion  99-n2 

CHAPTER  IV. 
Mines  and  Quarries. 
The  Old  Dominion— The  Marble  Area— History  of  the  Industry— First  Marble  Tombstone— Excellent  Clay  for 
Manufacturing  Pottery,  Terra  Cotta,  Sewer  Pipe  and  Brick — Eureka  Marble  Quarries— Columbia  River 
Marble  Company — "Tombstones  for  Unborn  Millions" — Jefferson  Marble  Company — The  Keystone — The 
Metalline  District— Original  Silver  Lead  Discovery— Young  America  Group— Mineral  Belt  on  Rickey  Moun- 
tain—Placer Mining n3-127 

CHAPTER  V. 
Cities  and  Towns. 
Colville,  the  County  Seat— Platted  by  IMajor  Hooker  and  John  Still— Troops  Depart  from  the  Fort— Town 
Incorporated  but  Action  is  Declared  Void — Reincorporation — Initial  Session  of  New  Council — Losses  by 
Fire — Erection  of  a  Smelter — Building  Improvements  in  1897 — Water  Works — Educational  Matters — 
Colville  Fire  Department — Fraternal  Societies — Northwestern  Light  &  Power  Company — Northport — First 
Passenger   Train— Postoffice  Inspector  Receives  a  Gentle  Hint— Disastrous  Conflagration 1'27-150 

CHAPTER  VI. 
Cities  and  Towns — Continued. 
Marcus— Establishment  of  "Fort"  Colville— Visit  to  the  Old  Landmark— The   Historic  Block  House— Original 
Store  at  Marcus— Meyers  Falls— The  Goodwin  Mission— D.C.  Corbin  Extends  His  Railroad— Kettle  Falls- 
Incorporation— Falls  of  the  Columbia— The  Old   Jesuit  Chapel— First  Stevens  County  Fair— Chevvelah— 
Springdale — Bossburg — Newport— Other  Towns 150-165 

CHAPTER  VII. 
Political. 
Records  of  Earlier  Days  Incomplete— H.  W.  Watson  Chosen  First  Territorial  Representative— Not  Permitted  to 
be  Seated— He  is  Followed  by  J.  R.  Bates— Admission  of  the  State— Populists  Carry  the  County  in  1894— 
Three  Tickets  m  the  Field  in  1896— "Fusionists"— Election  of  County  Officials  Contested 165-172 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Educational. 

Private  School   of  Angus   McDonald— First  Public  School— Superintendent  George  Taylor— Father  Militry— 

Modesty  of  Superintendent  John  U.  Hofstetter — Incomplete  Educational   Reports— Rochester  Academy  at 

Kettle  Falls— Northwestern  Washington  Academy— Eells  Academy— Present  Number  of  School  Districts  in 

Stevens  County 1 72-181 


CONTENTS 


PART    III. 

FERRY    COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  I. 

Early  History  and  Organization. 
First  White  Men  in  Republic  Camp— Original  Mining  Location— Opening  of  the  North  Half  of  the  Colvilie  Reser- 
vation—Operations  of  Thomas  Ryan  and  Philip  Creaser— Formation  of  the  Republic  Gold  Mining  &  Mill- 
ing Company — Flood  of  1898 — Sensational  Experience  of  A.  W.  Strong  and  Others — Opening  of  the  South 
Half  of  the  Colvilie  Indian  Reservation  to  Mineral  Entry — Formation  of  a  New  County — Erection  of  a 
Court  House— Horse  and  Cattle  Thieves— The  Rainy  Winter  of  1899— Freight  Rates  880  a  Ton— North  Half 
of  the  Colvilie  Reservation  Open  to  Homestead  Entry— Railroad  Exploitation 403-412 

CHAPTER  n. 
Republic  Camp  and  Other  Towns. 
Prospectors  Flock  In — Establishment  of  First  Business  House  in  Republic — Various  Additions  to  the  Town — 
Material  Progress — Connected  by  Telephone  With  the  Outside  World — Completion  of  Court  Room  and  Jail — 
Organization  of  a  Presbyterian  Congregation — Change  of  Name  From  Eureka  to  Republic — Formation  of  a 
Fire  Department — Disastrous  Fires — Incorporation — Keller  on  the  South  Half — Judge  Hanford  Makes  Im- 
portant Ruling— Orient— Curlew— Danville— Other  Towns 412-429 

CHAPTER  III. 

Mines  and  Mining. 
Geological  Characteristics  of  Ferry  County — Suspension  of  an  Experimental  Mill — Reorganization  of  the  Repub- 
lic Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Company— The  Chico  Mine— Butte  &  Boston— Princess  Maud— The  Quilp— Lone 
Pine — Surprise — San  Poll — Ben  Hur  and  Trade  Dollar — The  Mountain  Lion — Tom  Thumb— Morning  Glory 
— El  Calif — General  Development  of  the  Eureka  Mining  District — Belcher  and  Hawkeye  Mines — "Tenas 
George"— The  Hendryx  Cyaniding  Process 429-439 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Educational. 
Establishment  of  a  School  in  Republic  Camp  in  1898 — No  Funds  in  the  Treasury — Mrs.  W.  R.  Collins  the  First 
Teacher — Educational  Affairs  Awaken  Warm  Discussion — Erection  of  First  School  House  in  Ferry  County — 
Superintendency  of  George  A.  Graham— School  Building  at  Keller— Total  Enrollment  of  Scholars  in  1900— 
Bonded  Indebtedness 440^42 

CHAPTER  V. 

Descriptive. 
Contour,  Boundaries  and  Area  of  Ferry  County — Farming  and  Grazing  Lands — Geological  Structure — Excellent 
System  of  Wagon  Roads—  The   Famous  Bunch  Grass— Game  Awaiting  the  Ardent  Sportsman— Principal 
Streams— The  Kettle  River 443^44 

CHAPTER  VI. 


Right  to  Vote  Tested  in  the  Courts— Storm  of  Indignation  Against  Alleged  Disfranchisement— First  Election- 
Original  Commissioners  of  Ferry  County — Democratic  Landslide — Republicans  Make  Gains  in  1902 445-447 


CONTENTS 


PART    IV. 

OKANOGAN    COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  I. 

First  Exploration   and  E.\rly   History. 

First  White  Man  on  the  Northern  Portion  of  the  Columbia  River— New  Fort  in  the  Wilderness— Derivation  of 
the  Word  "Okanogan. '—The  Early  Religious  Field— Father  de  Rouge  Settles  at  Omak— Founding  of  St. 
Mary's  Mission— Chief  Aeneas— Chief  Moses  and  Alexander  McCauley— Conflicting  Interests  Clash  Over 
Limits  of  the  Reservation  for  "Non  Treaty"  Indians— Biography  of -'Okanogan"  Smith— Mr.  Thorp  Ex- 
periments With  Peanut  Agriculture— Organic  Act  Creating  the  County  of  Okanogan— Ruby  the  First  County 
Seat — Salmon  City — Severe  Winter  Causes  the  Death  <if  Much  Stock— Okanogan  County  Board  of  Trade — 
County  Seat  Removal  Agitated 48.5-498 

CHAPTER  H. 
Passing  Events,  1891—1903. 
Threatened  Uprising  of  Okanogan  Indians— Lynching  of  Indian  Stephen— State  Called  on  for  Troops  to  Protect 
the  Whites — General  Curry  Arrives  at  Conconully — Interview  With  "Okanogan"  Smith— Delay  in  Securing  a 
Survey  and  Extension  of  Standard  Lines— Settlers  Doomed  to  Disappointment — Increase  of  Taxable  Property 
in  the  County— Lot  and  Claim  Jumping  Discouraged— Organization  of  Taxpayers'  League — Assassination  of 
Peter  Coutts— The  Blizzard  of  1898— Floods  of  Unusual  Proportions— Okanogan  Raised  to  a  County  of  the 
Twenty-second  Class — War  Between  Sheep  and  Cattle  Men — Report  of  State  Fish  Commission  on  the  Methow 
Fish  Hatchery— Revival  of  the  Mining  Industry— Valuation  of  Okanogan  County  Property  in  1903 499-512 

CHAPTER  III. 
Mines  and  Mining. 
Okanogan  County  the  Birthplace  of  Mining  in  the  State  of  Washington— Opening  of  Chief  Moses'  Reservation 
Induces  Development — First  Investors  Doomed  to  Failure — Geological  Structure  of  the  County — Wonderful 
Showing  Made  in  Palmer  Mountain — The  Pinnacle  Mine— Other  Mines  and  Groups  in  that  Vicinity — Meyers 
Creek  Mining  District — The  Methow — The  Multnomah  Mining  Company's  Properties — In  the  Vicinity  of 
Twisp — Great  Excitment  in  the  Salmon  River  District — Original  Prospectors— Mineral  Hill — The  Far  Famed 
Ruby  Mine— The  Squaw  Creek  Country 513-527 

CHAPTER  IV. 

DESCRIPTrVE. 

Area  and  Topography  of  Okanogan  County— Mountainous  Contour  of  the  Entire  Country — Soil  Elements  and 
Climate— Variations  of  Scenery  Causes  Grand  and  Imposing  Effects — Legend  of  the  "Hee  Hee  Stone" — 
Stage  Ride  From  Oroville  to  Loomis — Lake  and  Mountain  Scenery — Heart  of  the  Palmer  Mountain  Mining 
District — Wanicutt  and  Spectacle  Lakes — Pogue  Flat — Agricultural  Methods — The  Methow  Valley — Pro- 
ductive Ranches  Along  the  Okanogan  River 527-.537 

CHAPTER  V. 
Cities  and  Towns. 
Conconully,  the  Capital  of  Okanogan  County — Indian  Lineage  of  the  Name — Concenully  Lake  Considered  as  an 
Irrigation  Reservoir  by  the  L'mted  States  Government— Original  Name  of  the  Town  Salmon  City — First 
Business  Enterprises— Season  of  Great  Activity  in  Building — Remodeling  of  the  Hotel  Elliott — Organizing  a 
Militia  Company — Fire  Nearly  Wipes  Out  the  Town  in  1892— Forty-two  Buildings  Destroyed  by  Floods  in 
1894— Cloud  Burst  on  the  Mountains— Farms  and  Orchards  Destroyed— One  Life  is  Lost— Dedication  of  the 
First  Church  Building  in  Conconully— First  Settlement  of  Loomis— Many  Miners  and  Prospectors  Congre- 
gate There— A  Typical  Western  Mining  Town— Loomis  Improves  Rapidly  During  1891-2— Educational  Af- 
fairs— Marked  Improvement  in  Property  \'alues — Death  of  "Pinnacle  Jim" — Chesaw — Only  Town  in  United 
States  Named  After  a  Chinaman — Fire  Destroys  the  Hotel  Barker 637-551 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  VI. 
Cities  and  Towns — Continued. 
Riverside — Uriah  Ward,  the  Original  Pioneer — "Pard"  Cummings  Establishes  the  Initial  Store — Riverside  the 
Head  of  Navigation  on  the  Okanogan  River — Oroville — Surrounded  by  a  Fine  Agricultural  Country — Bolster 
— Rivalry  Between  This  Young  Town  and  Chesaw — The  Latter  Wins  Out — Molson — Phenomenal  Growth  in 
Early  Days — George  B.  Mechem  its  Promoter — Present  Conditions — Loop  Loop  Platted  in  1888  by  W.  P. 
Keady  and  S.  F.  Chadwick — Depreciation  in  Silver  Market  the  Immediate  Downfall  of  the  Town — Ruby — 
Now  a  Deserted  \"illage — Was  at  one  Time  the  County  Seat  of  Okanogan — Nighthawk — Its  Proximity  to  the 
International  Boundary  Line — Owes  its  Existence  to  the  Nighthawk  Mine — Brewster  at  the  Junction  of  the 
Okanogan  and  Columbia  Rivers — Original  Name  Swansea — Virginia  City — Brewster  Nearly  Destroyed  by 
Fire  in  1903 — Twisp  -Handsomely  Located  in  an  Ideal  Spot — Great  Mining  Excitement  in  the  Methow  Valley 
— Methow — Other  Towns 551-563 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Political. 

Organization  of  Okanogan  County — County  and  Appointment  of  First  Commissioners — General  Election  of  the 

Autumn  of  1888 — Charles  E.  Laughton  First  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  State  of  Washington — Result  of  the 

Election  of  1890 — Election  of  1892 — Largely  in  Favor  of  the  Republicans— Plurality  in  Okanogan  County  in 

1-892  for  President  Harrison  139— Trend  of  Political  Events  to  1902 564-571 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
Educational. 
Earliest  School  Superintendent's  Report — Administration  of  J.  F.  Samson — Financial  Depression  of  1894  Dis- 
couraging to  School  Improvement — Joseph   E.  Leader   County  Superintendent  in  1895 — Financial  Showing 
for  the  Year  1902 571-573 


PART     V. 

CHELAN    COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  I. 

Early  History  and  Passing  Events. 


Derivation  of  the  Word  "Chelan" — Chinese  the  Earliest  Settlers — Romance  of  One  Celestial — Driven  Away  by 
Indians — Missionary  Labors  of  Fathers  Respari,  Grassi  and  Rouge — First  White  Settlers  Along  the  Lake — 
Adventures  of  Sanders  and  Dumke — Woodin  and  Dumke  Erect  Rival  Saw  Miils — The  Entiat  Valley — 
Wenatchee  Once  an  Indian  Council  Ground — Franklin  Freer  Settles  on  the  Columbia  River — Efforts  in  1893 
to  Create  Wenatchee  County — High  Water  in  the  Columbia — "Long  Jim" — Tidal  Wave  in  Lake  Chelan — 
Organic  Act  Creating  Chelan  County — Wenatchee  Development  Company — Steamboats  Cast  Away. . 

CHAPTER  11. 
Descripti\'e. 
Wonderful  Scenic  Attractions — Rapid  Progress  Made  in  the  Development  of  the  Wenatchee  Country — Mildness 
of  the  Climate— Sounding  Lake  Chelan  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey— Voyage  on  the  Lake— Stu- 
pendous Heights,  Gigantic  Domes,  Cavernous  Precipices— Round  Mountain— Moore's  Point— "Painted 
Rocks"— Glacial  Phenomena— Wonderful  Results  of  Irrigation— The"High  Ditch  Line"— Lake  Wenatchee  in 
the  Heart  of  the  Cascades — Tumwater  Canyon — Entiat  Valley — Horseshoe  Basin — Rainbow  Falls — Mission 
\"alley 685- 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  III. 

Mines  and  Mining. 

First  Quartz  Mine  Ever  Developed  in  Washington— The  Holden  Mine— Entiat  Valley  District— Baker  Mountain 
Mininsc  Company— Copper  Queen  Group— Doubtful  Lake— Railroad  Creek— Stehekin  District— Mining  in 
the  Vicinity  of  Wenatchee— Golden  King  Company— Peshastin  an4  Negro  Creeks— Blewett  Gold  Mining 
Company— The  Phoenix— Leavenworth  District— Rock  Creek  Canyon 702-711 

CHAPTER  IV. 
Cities  and  Towns. 
Wenatchee— Genesis  and  Definition  of  the  Word— First  Business  Enterprise  in  the  Vicinity— The  "North  End" 
—Rapid  Increase  of  Population— Opening  of  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank— Townsite  Company  Throws  Lots 
Upon  the  Market— Organization  of  First  Sunday  School— Move  for  Incorporation— Advent  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad— First  Municipal  Election— Fire— Public  Library  and  Reading  Room  Established— Burn- 
ing of  Steamer  "Irish  World" — Wenatchee  Commercial  Club — Building  Improvements — Names  of  River 
Steamers — Platting  of  Original  Townsite — Various  Additions — Chelan — Early  pioneers — Chelan  Water  Pow- 
er Company — Church  History — Lakeside — Chelan  Falls — Leavenworth — Mission — Other  Towns 711-736 

CHAPTER  V. 
Educational. 
Organization  of  First  School  District— John  D.  -Atkinson  First  Superintendent— Report  of  Superintendent  Foster 

^Growth  of  Schools — High  Schools 736-738 

CHAPTER  VI. 
Political. 
First  County  Commissioners— Republicans  Hold  County  Convention  at   Leavenworth  in  1900— Democrats  Meet 
at  Wenatchee— Fusion  an  Accomplished   Fact— Democrats   Carry  the  County  at  Presidential  Election— Re- 
publicans Successful  in  1902 738-740 


PART     \T. 

ADDENDA. 

CHAPTER  L 

Press  of  Stevens,  Ferry,  Okanogan  and  Chelan  Counties. 
Pioneer  Journalism  in  Stevens  County — Stevens  County  Sun.of  Chewelah,  Initial  Paper  in  the  County — The  Miner, 
Published  at  Colville— Mr.  Slater  Sells  the  Miner— Stevens  County  Standard  and  Colville  Republican— 
W.  D.  Allen  Purchases  the  Springdale  Statesman  and  Consolidates  it  with  the  Colville  Index— The  North- 
port  News — Stevens  Standard — Springdale  Gazette — Other  Stevens  County  Publications — First  Paper  in 
Ferry  County  the  Reservation  Record — E.  R.  Cleveland  and  Albert  J.  Drake  Establish  the  Republic  Pioneer 
— It  is  Subsequently  Consolidated  With  the  Miner — Five  Weekly  Newspapers  in  Okanogan  County — The 
First  One  Issued  Was  the  Okanogan  Outlook — Its  Sensational  History — The  Ruby  Miner— The  Loomiston 
Journal  Issued  by  A.  H.  Sroufe — Palmer  Mountain  Prospector,  by  Frank  Dallam,  the  Oldest  Paper  Now  in 
Okanogan  County — Other  Journals — The  Wenatchee  Advance  the  First  Weekly  Paper  in  Chelan  County — 
Established  by  Frank  Reeves— Many  Political  and  Personal  Changes  on  the  Advance— Chelan  Falls  Leader 
Comes  Into  the  Field— Owned  and  Edited  by  Dewitt  C.  Britt— The  Paper  is  Moved  to  Chelan  in  1892— The 
Wenatchee  Graphic — The  Rock  Island  Sun —  Lake  Chelan  Eagle — Wenatchee  Republican  Established  bv 
A.  S.  Lindsay— Lakeside  Light 840-852 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  II. 

Reminiscent. 
Incident  in  Wright's  Campaign — Something  of  a  Bear  Story — Of  Historical  Interest — A  Hurried  Departure — 
A  Minister's  Trip  to  Colville— Colville  an  Island— Meyers  Falls— A  Man  of  Claims— The  Opium  Traffic- 
Building  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad— An  Orderly  Camp— Old  Fort  Colville— She  Witnessed 
the  Whitman  Massacre — Father  de  Rouge  Among  the  Indians — Racing  Between  Indians — "ConconuUy  Kate" 
— The  Embrace  of  Death — Legend  of  the  Columbia— Battle  at  Mouth  of  Okanogan — Legend  of  Pauline. 852-867 


GENERAL  ILLUSTRATIONS 


PAGE. 

Colville,  County  Seat  of  Stevens 

County    154 

Meyers  Falls  of  the  Colville  river  153 
Kettle  Falls  of  the  Columbia  river  154 
Fruit     exhibit     at     the     Stevens 
county    fair,    Colville,    Septem- 
ber,   1903    113 

Buildings    of    the    Hudson's    Bay 
Company's  post  near  Marcus  as 

they  appear  to-day   153 

Ruins   of   the   old  Jesuit  mission 

near    Kettle    Falls    113 

Grist  mill  at  Meyers   Falls,   Ste- 
vens county,  erected   in   1872.  .   153 
King  gold  and  copper  mines....   113 
Wagon  bridge  and  dam  across  the 

Chelan    river    669 

\'ie\v  on  Lake  Chelan  690 

Rainbow   falls  near  the   Stehekin 
■iver     ..., 695 


P.\GE. 

Lake  Chelan.  View  from  Moores' 

Point    690 

Painted   rocks   near   the   head   of 

Lake    Chelan    696 

VVenatchee    fruit    exhibit    at    the 

Spokane  fruit  fair  in  1902....  696 
They  came  from  Lake  Chelan.  .  696 
Wenatchee,  county  seat  of  Chelan 

county     711 

Winter   scene  on  Lake  Chelan. .  669 

Glacier   Peak    685 

Chelan  falls  of  Chelan  river  ....  685 

Residence  of  J.  ^IcFarland SOU 

Palmer  Lake   527 

Tramway    from    Pinnacle    mine, 

Okanogan  county    485 

Wannicut    Lake    5-' 

Toats  Coula   Falls  of  the  Sinla- 

hekin   river    527 

Group  of  Okanogan  Indians  ....  485 


P.\GE. 

St.  Mary's  mission,  Okanogan 
county,    as    it    was    in    pioneer 

days    527 

Medicine  woman  of  the  Okano- 
gan tribe  485 

Salmon  or  Conconully  lake   ....  485 

Chief   Joseph    499 

Curlew  lake.  Ferry  county 427 

Republic   ni   lS9r.  then    Eureka.   4:i!) 
Sans  Poil  Falls  of  the  Sans  Foil 
river.     Ferry     county,     during 

high  water   427 

Gold  bricks  429 

Republic,    county    seat    of    Ferry 

county  412 

First  store  in  Ferry  county,  lo- 
cated at  Danville,  formerly 
Nelson    429 


INDKX 


STEVENS    COUNTY     BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Abbott,  James  H 378 

Adams,    Charles    339 

Adams,  George  E 339 

Aljbaugh,  John  H 375 

Alldredge,  Wilham  L 251 

Allison,  Albert  F 268 

Allison,  James  N 269 

Anderson,    Hans    212 

Anderson,   Peter    383 

Anderson,  Robert  D 205 

Arcasa,  Peter   3-5 

Argue,  John  J 297 

Ashpaugh,  John  W 348 

Arnold,  Adam  W 314 

Arnold,  Charles  H 3^5 

Atkinson,  William  A 34i 

Aubin,  Gilbert  B 312 

Ayers,   Elmer  J 310 

Baker,    Charles    196 

Baker,  John    196 

Baker,  William  R 320 

Banks,  Frank  343 

Beam,  George  W 360 

Belhumeur,   August    372 

Belknap,   Millard   F 285 

Bethurum,  Isaac    188 

Bethurum,   Ralph    188 

Bidgood,  Amiron   E 306 

Blair,  George  W 35° 

Blair,   John    S 298 

Bobier,    George   H 203 

Boss,  Chester  S 215 

Boyd,  Adam  294 

Boyd,  William   399 

Boyes,   Henry   D .270 

Brackett,   George   0 189 

Brechbill,  Samuel  L 257 

Brinser,  Otto    187 

Bronson,  James  L 355 

Brown,  Albert   386 

Brown,   Francis   M 242 

Brown,   Lewis    H 239 

Brown,   Thomas    240 

Brown,  William  V 292 

Bruce.  Jane  E 211 

Bryant,  Ann   221 

Buchanan,  Mark  L 352 

Buck,    Allen    A 262 

Burden,  John   369 

Burdick,  Albert   ^77 


PACE. 

Cagle,  William  S 304 

Calhoon,  William  L 358 

Camp,  Arthur   F 218 

Campbell,   George    249 

Caplin,  William  J 397 

Carey,  Daniel  H 235 

Carroll,    George    F 400 

Cary,   George    350 

Castner,  Frederick  L 271 

Cecil,  Samuel  P 395 

Chamberlin,  Charles  H 228 

Chapin,   Burrell  W 213 

Charles,  Edgar    361 

Clark,  Simon  S 333 

Clinton,  James  B 244 

Coates,  Orin  291 

Colley,  William  P 272 

Colter,   William   R   343 

Conrady,   Charles   F 224 

Copp,  George   209 

Corbell,  Francis  M 216 

Cosner,  Henry  E .398 

Coulter,  George   248 

Coulthard.  George  D 187 

Covell,  John  H T93 

r-ox,    Henrv   T 396 

Crandall,    Uriah    329 

Crawford,  James  302 

Crory,   Isaac   L 353 

Gulp.  David  M 301 

Currie,  Joseph  P,   ., 219 

Davey,  Josiah  M 335 

Davies,  James    346 

Davies,   Thomas    345 

Davis,   Frank   B 323 

Davis,  William  H 204 

Dawdy,  John  C .380 

Day,   Elwood    214 

Day,    William    229 

Dearinger.  Squire  L 279 

Decker,   Dennis    ,365 

Decker,  John  W 331 

Denn,   Harrv  R 392 

Denny,  Elijah  M' 252 

Desautels,   John   0 274 

Dickson,  AVilliam  W 303 

Diedrich.   John    S ,187 

Dixon,  Thomas   .300 

Dorman.  Garland    284 

Dorman,  Harrison  Y 283 


P.\GE. 

Driscoll,   William    218 

Drugan,  William  P 401 

Dudrey,   Elias   S 281 

Duncan,   William   W 220 

Dunn,   Peter   256 

Dunlap,  Joseph  W 361 

Dunham,   Dewey   H 268 

Dupuis,  Henry  A 314 

Dupuis,   Norbert    266 

Elliott,    Frank    256 

Ellis,   Etheldred   T 356 

Ellis,  Ira  B 186 

Eva,  Sheba  R 337 

Feeler,   Simon    •  ■  ■  275 

Felland,  Knut  0 205 

Ferguson,  Frank   326 

Flaugher,  Henry   206 

Felt,  Jay  H 328 

Fountain,  Robert 33° 

Fox,  Ray  J 348 

Erase,   Ed  A 342 

Frase,   John    M 34' 

Fry,  Elbert  L 314 

Fry,  Nathan  B.   . 26.^ 

Fry,  Richard  B 3^2 

Garrison,  Henderson  P .395 

Garner,  Laban   254 

Geaudreau,    George    208 

Giebeler,  Henry  302 

Gillen,   Aggie    275 

Gilpin,  William  J 217 

Glasgo,    Presley    278 

Gordon,    Frank    291 

Graham,    Charles    357 

Graham,  Henry  A 246 

Grahant,  Jav  '95 

Gr,iham,  William  H 318 

Gray,  John   S 368 

Gregory,  Eugene  B i99 

Gregory,  James  B 207 

Grittner,    Henry    220 

Hadley,    Henry    M 262 

Hafer,  E.  E .?8i 

Haines,  Charles  .371 

Haines.    Guy    229 

Haley.  Peter  399 

Hall,   Harry  J 274 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Hall,  Jesse  R 211 

Hamblet,    Joanna    C 297 

Hamilton,  Mart  H 352 

Hanson,  Hans  K 353 

Harbaugh,  Daniel  303 

Hart,  William  J 372 

Hartill,   David    389 

Hartill,    Emanuel    S 388 

Hartill,  Enoch   307 

Hartill,  Jesse   388' 

Hartill,   Joseph   M 389 

Harvey,  George  W 245 

Harvey,    Lee    B 322 

Hatton,  William  S 263 

Hawkins,    John    A 377 

Hawkins,  Oliver  U 367 

Heidegger,  Abraham   251 

Heller,  Thomas   311 

Heppe,   Frederick    344 

Herron,  John  N 296 

Herzner,   George   380 

Hessel,  John   P 310 

Hibert,  Frank 214 

Hilts,  William  S 257 

Hoffer,  John  N 217 

Hofstetter,  John  U 317 

Holcomb,  Walter  E 359 

Holdernian,  Wallace  R 379 

Holland,  Thomas  H 363 

Horton,   Joseph   N 238 

House.  Daniel    267 

Houtchens,   Christopher  T 212 

Hovey,  Perry  H 332 

Huffman.  Joel    232 

Hughes,   Henry   250 

Hughes.  James  250 

Hughes.  William  P 236 

Hughson,   Andrew    , 291 

Hull,   George    308 

Hurd,  Albert  B 356 

Hurd,  Maria  356 

Hunter,    James    259 

Inkster,    John    384 

Jackson,   Zachariah   T 207 

Jacobs,  Mile  311 

Jared,   Robert   P 192 

Jarvis,  Francis  M 385 

Jarvis,  John  F 379 

Jenks,  Elias  W 223 

Jenkin,  Henry  R 384 

Jennings,  Lewis  W 259 

Johnston,    George   W 206 

Joneson,  Emil 307 

Jore.  John  0 203 

Keevil,  Lester  W 359 

Keller,  Henry 183 

Kent,  Miles   C 202 

Keough,  John  284 

Kindorf,   George   340 

King,  Peter  394 

King,  William  W 264 

Knapp,  George  H 306 

Knowlton,  Francis  M 349 

Knutson,  Christian  C 235 

Koontz,  Joseph  A 398 

Krug,  August 383 

Kyes,  Ephraim  A 392 

Kulzer,  John  G 334 


PAGE. 

Lacey,  John  B 351 

Lambert,   Lawrence    391 

Lane,  Harry  B 286 

Lang,    Peter  J 261 

Lapray,    George     370 

Lapray,   Joseph    241 

Laundrv,   Henry    308 

Layton,'  Daniel  D 268 

Leblank,  John    218 

Ledgerwood,   Christopher  A 319 

Leonard,    Luther    A 196 

Liepp,   John    311 

Lindahl,    Charles     354 

Linder,  Peter  N 346 

Linton,  William  H 373 

Long,  Jesse  L 208 

Long,  John  H 208 

Luce,  Alvah  E 271 

MacDonald,    Donald    201 

Magee,  John  H 243 

Maher,  John   T 329 

Major,   Thomas   R 255 

Maloney,  Martin  J 321 

Mantz,    Charles   A 318 

Marks,   Eugene    198 

Martin,    Grant     269 

Martin,    Jacob    349 

Martin,  Jacob  E 348 

Maxwell,  John  W 242 

i\Iaxwell,   William  H 238 

Meek,  John   359 

Metcalfe,  John  L 366 

Meyers,  Calvin  H 367 

Meyers,  Louther  W 288 

McCloud,  Erasmus  S 309 

McCoy,   Robert   L 225 

McDonald,  Archibald  G 215 

McGregor,   John   H 243 

McKinney,   Alfred    294 

McRae,  Roderick  D 260 

Moomaw,   Samuel   T 300 

Montgomery,  Charles  H 276 

Moon,  George  H 345 

Moon,  Horace  G 357 

Moon,   Sam    186 

Monroe,  James    199 

Morgan,  Henry   293 

Morrison,  Thomas  E 341 

Morrow,  John  E 308 

Mowatt,   George  A 400 

Murphy,  Charles  F 232 

Nagle,   Richard 313 

Nelson,  John  B 31s 

Nett,  P.  Joseph   386 

Neumann,  George  273 

Newhouse,  James   370 

Oakes,  William  H 253 

Olson,   John    30.^ 

Overmyer,   Ralph   E 258 

Pahl,  C.  F.  William  388 

Parker,    Cigmarion    282 

Pease.   Flavins  E 197 

Pelkey,   Joseph   H 324 

Peone,   Louis    319 

Peltier,  Moses  C 265 

Perkins,  Andrew  F 301 

Phelps,   Forrest  1 373 

Platts,  John   C 338 


Pomeroy,  Henry   393 

Potter,  Abe  387 

Prouty,   Austin    29s 

Ralston,   Albert    375 

Rame\',   Richard  G 191 

Ramey,  Richard  T 195 

Rasmussen,  Peter   340 

Ranch,  John  W 210 

Rednours,  George  198 

Reid,    Robert    35 1 

Reilly,  James  C 258 

Reynolds,   Enoch   J 264 

Richards,    Charles    B 273 

Richmond,   James    M 335 

Rickard,   Barney   283 

Rickey,   John    317 

Rider,  Elbridge  C 199 

Rigg,  Charles  T 277 

Riggs,  Ira  L 231 

Rivers,  Adolph    295 

Roberts,  Joseph   200 

Roberts,  Randolph   280 

Rochford,  J.   A 354 

Rogers,  James  N 194 

Rogers,  John  T 189 

Ross,  Clarence  E 185 

Rusch,    Peter    299 

Rusho,  Anthony  J 190 

Russell,   William   K 188 

Salvage,   Frank   279 

Salvage,  James  T 287 

Salvage,   John    282 

Savage,  Frank  A 276 

Scott,  Edward  W 222 

Scott,  Jacob    222 

Scott,  Richard  P 184 

Scott,  Wilber  F 223 

Schulenburg,  Henry   202 

Schutze,   Ernest    H 194 

Seabrandt,  Henry   396 

Seal,  George  W 315 

Seigle,  Harry  M 285 

Sewell,  James  A 270 

Shannon.  Benjamin  F 24S 

Sharp,  Elmer  L 331 

Sharp,    Monroe    L 363 

Shepard,    John    H 219 

Shepler,  Alphonso  V 394 

Sherwood,   Samuel  F 289 

Slater,  John  B 327 

Slocum,  Ralph  A 337 

Smith,  Floyd  C ,236 

Smith,  George  W 225 

Smith,  John  L 362 

Smith,  Roland  T 280 

Smith,  Thomas  M 298 

Smith,    William    D 376 

Snodgrass,  Eugene  0 304 

Spaulding,   Alonzo    228 

Spence,  James    391 

Spence,  James  P 39i 

Spencer,   William    H 296 

Staves,  George  H 303 

Stearns,  William  W 221 

Stensgar,    Alexander    281 

Stensgar,  Isaac 201 

Stolp,  Claud   390 

Stolp,  Mead  C 22.1 

Stone,  Samuel    401 

Storm,  Jasper  N 368 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Story,   John   W 390 

Story,    Joshua    394 

Story,  Perry  D 390 

St.    Pere,   David    293 

Sturgis,   Benjamin   S 344 

Sullivan,   Edward   S 360 

Sullivan,    Rodger    309 

Sykes,  Adelbert  B 246 

Sykes,  Gustavus  W 247 

Tait,    Thomas    384 

Tarble,    M.    Elsie    385 

'I'avlor,  William  J 342 

Tessmann,  Carl   299 

Tetro,    Peter    397 

Theis.    George    332 

Thomas,   George    237 

Thomas,    Robert    254 

Thomason,  Mary  L 240 

Thompson,    Joseph     382 

Towle,    Rofseter   1 347 

Townsend.  William   P 322 

Travis,  John  J 233 

Troger,    Henry    267 


Troger,    Louis    261 

Tuttle,  James  B.,  Jr 336 

Tweedie,   Henry    330 

Uterhardt,  Frank  W.   A 325 

Vanhorn,  Williatn   O ■. . .  272 

Van  Slyke,  Elijah  A 3S9 

von  Zweygberg,  Johan  A 204 


Weston,   Eli   S 

Weston,  William  E.  . . 

Whitney  Fred  A 

Wilcox,    Deles    E 

Wiley,  James   G 

Wilson,   Emsley    D.... 

Wilson,    Fred    E 

Willenbrink.  Bernard 
Williams,  Charles  ... 
William-.,  Weslie  S.   .. 


Wade,  John    278 

Waitt,  Charles   3«i 

Wakefield,    George    W 230 

Walker,  Frank  255 

Walter,  Arthur  G 287 

Waterman,    Kendrick    S 362 

Watts,   David   M 210 

Wayland,    Stephen   E 334 

Weatherwa.x,  Frank  333 

Weatherwax,   Henry    183 

Welch,   Thomas   R 234 

Wells,    Edward    P 377 

Weston,    Charles    H 213 

Weston,  Charles  R 226 


Wiiichcsur,  Frank 
Windle,  Joseph  A. 
Wisner,  George  H. 
Wolff,  Francis  . . . 
Wright,  George  E.. 
Wynne,    Richard   J. 


Young,  Jerry 
Young,  J.  H. 
Young,    Zell.  . 


Zent,  Daniel  J.   . . . 
Zigler,  George  W. 


227 
220 
371 
231 
214 
197 
364 
313 
234 
364 
366 
193 
374 
286 
316 


STEVENS   COUNTY   PORTRAITS. 


PAGE. 

Bidgood,  Amiron  E 304 

Brown,    Thomas     240 

Cagle,  William   S 304 

Cagle,  Mrs.  William  S 304 

Chamberlin,  Charles  H 224 

Conrady,  Charles  F 224 

Crandall,  Uriah   328 

Day,  William   224 

Dupuis,   Norbert    264 

Felt,  Jay  H 328 

Fountain    Robert    32S 

Fry,  Nathan  B 264 

Hartill,  Enoch    304 

Hughson,   Andrew    288 

Joneson,   Emil    304 


PAGE. 

Keller,    Henry    183 

Knapp,  George  H 304 

Lapray,   Joseph    240 

Lapray,    Mrs.    Joseph    240 

MacDonald,  Donald  200 

Maher,  John  T 328 

McCoy,  Robert  L 224 

Meyers,    Louthcr    W 288 

Olson,  John    304 

Olson,  Mrs.  John   304 

Peltier,  Moses  C 264 

Reynolds,    E.    John    264 

Roberts,  Joseph  200 

Roberts,   Mrs.  Joseph    200 


PAGE. 

Ross,  Clarence  E 183 

Scott,  Richard  P i8.i!' 

Sherwood,   Samuel  F 288 

Smith,  George  W 224 

Snodgrass,  Eugene  0 304 

Spaulding,    Alonzo    224 

Stensgar.   Isaac    200 

Stolp,  Mead  C 224 

Sullivan,  Edward   S .^fo 

Thomason,    Mary   L 240 

Tweedie,  Henry,   32S 

Weatherwax,   Henry    183 

Weston,  Charles  R 224 

Weston,  Eli  S 224 

Zcnt,  Daniel  J 288 


l-I'RRV  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Baizlev,  George  F 467 

Ballew,   Irvin   4^3 

Barrett,   Thomas   F 474 

Bewley,  John   M 480 

Bennett,  Charles  P 478 

Brown,  William   C 476 

Clark,    Michael    453 

Clark,   William    M 466 

Creasor,    Philip    45° 

Crounse,  Millard  F 463 

Dahl,    Henry    453 


pag:;. 

DeGasper,    Joseph    D 457 

Dcsautel,  Gilbert   458 

Desautel.    Maxim    470 

Dimond,  Quinland    4^9 

Dodson,  John   A 475 

Fortman,  N.  J.  H 477 

Fuller,   Thomas   D 4St 

Gendron,   Alexander    461 

Gendron,  Anthony    461 

Gray,  Samuel   481 


PAGE. 

Hall,  Daniel  R 464 

Hall,   Robert   J 464 

Herron,    George    459 

Hurley,  George  J 45' 

Johnson.  James  T 474 

Jones,  Michael  R 480 

Keck,  Ben  F 479 

Keogan,  Richard  45o 

LaFlciu,    Isaac    468 

Lambert,  Stephen   457 


INDEX. 


PAGE, 

Lewis,   Charles   H 467 

Mack,  Harry  D 466 

Manley,  Shere  H 475 

Mars,    Arthur    C 462 

Mason,    L.    H 462 

May,  John  F 464 

McCann,  John  W 461 

McDougall,  John  D 456 

Mires,  John   S 449 

Nelson,   Peter   B 465 

O'Brien,   Frank    460 


TACE. 

Otto,   William   C 472 

Peone,   Dennis   454 

Ragsdale,   Fred    478 

Raymond,  Alexander  460 

Ritter,  John  E 473 

Rumsey,  Howard  D 456 

Runnels,  George  W 483 

Rutherford,   Justice  A 470 

Samby,    Joseph    458 

Seibert,   John   W 482 

Shinn.   Maxwell  H 468 

Sly,    Lester     472 


PAGE. 

Stack,   John    471 

Stewart,   Alphaeus  E 449 

Stover,   William   L 453 

Summers,  Frank   463 

Thompson,  Harry  W 482 

Tompkins,  Gideon  J 479 

Wagner,   William    454 

Waisman,  Henry  471 

Wakefield,  William  B 477 

Watson,  John  J 455 

Wilmot,   Lew   P 484 

Winker,    Joseph    469 


FERRY  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


Creasor,    Philip    .  . 
Fuller,  Thomas  D. 


Hurley,   George   J 449 


John    S., 


Stewart,  Alphaeus  E. 

OKANOGAN  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


+49 
449 


Alderman,    Warren    W 604 

Almquist,    Charles    W 601 

Andersen,    Anton    656 

Anglin,   Thomas   S 579 

Arbogast,  Ira   593 

Barron,  Stephen  E 575 

Bassett,    Chandler     663 

Beall,  John    607 

Beall,   Lloyd   654 

Beidler,    Elliott   W 661 

Blaine,    James    P 617 

Blatt,  Charles  A 603 

Block,  Frank  A 577 

Bottomley,  Jennie   660 

Bown,   Walter    582 

Brackett,  Andrew  J 629 

Brigham,   Ervin    F 667 

Burdett,  James  0 620 

Burton,  Levi  D 632 

Carpenter,  John  W 599 

Champneys,  Herbert  G 602 

Champneys,  Weldon  V 633 

Chilson,  Daniel  G 6l'> 

Chilson.   Elisha   P 624 

Clerf,   Frank   H 595 

Cloud,  Walter  W 595 

Colwell,   James   L '. . .  .   657 

Cooper,   George    581 

Cooper,  William  Z 628 

Couche,  James  B 627 

Cummings,  Frank  J 610 

Cutchie,  John  M 647 

Dallam,   Frank  M 666 

Davis,  W.  L 605 

Decent,  Henry  P 604 


PAGE. 

Doheny,   Henry    653 

Donnelly,   Frank   J 664 

Drury,  Lafayette   666 

Edwards,  Adelbert  G 655 

Filer,    Peter   L 614 

Forde,'  James  E 625 

French,   Wellington    6s6 

Fulton,  Frank  M 589 

Gamble,  Daniel  S' 635 

Garigen,    Mathias    583 

Garrett,  John  C 615 

Garrett,  Robert  A 596 

Gillespie,  David  L 665 

Grant,    Charles     613 

Grant,   William   E 621 

Grififin,    Matthew   D 582 

Grogan,  Frank  607 

Hall,  Joseph   591 

Hamilton.  William   643 

Hancock,  John  601 

Hargrove.  Robert  R 597 

Harris,   Harry   A 648 

Holt,  James  M 616 

Hone.  John  1 610 

Huntley,   Hiram   A 580 

Hurlbert,  George  R 6r6 

Ives,  Lee   591 

Johnson,  Earl  F 642 

Johnston,   Andrew   W 593 

Johnston.   James    A 645 

Jones,  Charles  L 6^3 

Joyce,    Bill    584 


P.'vGE. 

Judd,  James  M 661 

Kahlow,  William  R.  . 585 

Kaufman,    Lewis    A 637 

Kendall.   John    622 

Kiper.  James  A 588 

Lancaster.  Prince  A 610 

Lauber.    Meinrad    645 

Lawrence,   John    C 589 

Lenton,   Joseph    647 

Lewis,  Walter  E 598 

Lewis,   William    602 

Libby,    Ashbel    657 

Looniis,   Julius   A 636 

Loudon,  George  W 611 

Loundagin,    Lawson   A 623 

Macaulay,   Alax 600 

Maloney,  Michael   586 

Maloney,    Ted    588 

Malott,  Leonard  C 587 

Marshall.  Antoinc   631 

McDaniel.  William  H 648 

McDonald,   John    625 

McDonald,   John   H 592 

McEachen,    John    630 

McFarlane.   Charles   S 580 

McKinley,  Charles  R 649 

McKinney,  James   M 646 

McLean,   Chauncey   R 626 

Moore,   George   W S99 

Muller,   Karl   A 631 

Muller,   Karl   R 595 

Munson,    Willard    K .S87 

Murray,  Thomas  M 650 

Nelson,  Nels  B 638 


INDEX. 


I'AGE. 

Nickell,  George  E ego 

Nickell,  Harvey   H 639 

Noyes,   George  H 651 

Ogden,  Conburse  J 658 

Overacker,  Edward  S 613 

Patterson.    Sam     614 

Payne,   E.   L 662 

Pendergast,  Edmund  K 618 

Peterson,  Charles  T 660 

Peterson,    William    T 640 

Phillips,   John    Y 578 

Piper,  August  J 621 

Pitman,  John   M 608 

Pogue,   Joseph    1 585 

Prewitt,    Robert    T 629 

Proebstel,  William  F 642 

Ragen,    John    576 

Reilly,    Peter    649 

Rinehart,   Jonathan    C 622 


Risley,  Joshtia  .M 658 

Rizeor,  Henry  J 627 

Rounds,  Edwin  P 577 

Ruark,  William  F 615 

Schafer,    John     619 

Sincock,   Samuel  J 596 

Skeffington,   Joseph    576 

Snialley,    M.    A 659 

Sneve,  Peter  S 588 

Speckman,    John     662 

Squires,    Andrew   J 594 

Stansbury,   F>ank  L 620 

Staton,    Henry    B 056 

Stofferan,   Louis    581 

Stone,  Horace  L 628 

Stone,   Manford   G 641 

Taylor,   Wilson   M 609 

Thein,    John    P 663 

Thompson,   Henry    644 

Thorp,  Alvin  R 606 


PAUE, 

Tindall,  George  W 632 

Van    Brunt,    Harry    578 

Vanderpool,  George  W 643 

Ventzke,    Emil     590 

Ventzke,  Fred  F 617 

Waglay,    Richard     626 

Walter,  John  E 639 

Wehe,  A.  George   634 

Wehe,    Eugene    F 664 

Wehe,    Frederick    P 637 

Wellington,    Henry    507 

Wentworth,  John  M O05 

Wheeler,  Emery  P 609 

White,    Edward    F 619 

Wilder,  Hiram  A 651 

Willard,   Lyman   W 652 

Williams,  Henry  A 641 

Williams,  John  D 584 

Willmarth.  Frank  M 655 

Wilson,  William  C 634 

Witte,   George   W 643 

Wright,    Francis   M 592 


OKANOGAN  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


Barron,   Stephen   E 575 

Blaine,  James    P 616 

Burton,  Levi   D 632 


Donnelly,  Frank  J 664 

Hurlbert,  George  R 616 

.^L^caulay,   Alax 600 


Pendergast,    E.    K, 
Ventzke,    Fred    F. 


CHELAN   COUNTY    BIOGRAPHICAL. 


PAGE. 

Bailey,  Isaac  J 838 

Bellinger,   Philip   765 

Biggar,   W.   J 794 

Bills,    Hiram    G 799 

Bjork,  John  B 746 

Blair,_  George  W 816 

Bonar,  Jesse  D 747 

Bowman,   Louis   H 823 

Boyd,   SpenCer   792 

Britt,   DeWitt   C 834 

Brown,   George   W 782 

Brown,   Noah   N 777 

Brown,    Reuben    A 750 

Browne,  Guy  C 788 

Bryant,  Albert  G 795 

Burbank,  Andrew  S 748 

Buttles,   Charles   E 755 

Caldwell,    Henry    M 776 

Campbell.  Clinton  C 827 

Carpenter,  Joseph  C 835 

Chapman,   Benjamin  M 815 

Christensen,    Carl    780 

Clayton,  Albert  P 76S 

Colt,  Lyman  R 759 

Cblver,    Charles     745 

Cool,  Adelbert  L S09 

Cooper,  Charles  G 797 

Cottrell,   George    E 753 


PAGE. 

Courtway,  Albert  N 796 

Cromwell,   Charles   790 

Gulp,  Frank  E 786 

Darby,    Alonzo    E. .  .- 805 

Darnell,  Joseph    .' 79 1 

Dawson,    Arthur    H 837 

Derifield.  Isaac  M 806 

Detwiler,  Lewis   7n 

Devore,   Dan    791 

Dexter.    William   H 820 

Drew,   Will    S 825 

Edmunds.   Amos    828 

Edwards,  Ira  D 781 

Farnham,  Frederick  C 817 

Farwell,  George  H 8:7 

Ferguson.  James  W 772 

Field.  Merritt  E &r8 

Frank,   Emil    806 

Freer,   Ira    801 

Freytag,   Charles   H.  A 77S 

Geddes.  Irvin  R 771 

Gehr,  Winfield  S. 766 

Gellatly.    John    A 812 

Gibson,  Thomas  R 774 

Gibson,   William    ....' 812 


PACE. 

Gilchrist,   Colin    744 

Graham,  Howard  A 778 

Grant,   George  F 805 

Gray,   Charles  E 807 

Gray,  George  H 752 

Gray,  Horatio  B 784 

Griggs,  Bruce  K 757 

Gunn,    Arthur    773 

Hansen,  Clans  E 758 

Harlin,  Charles  A 8i6 

Haskell,  Charles  F.  B 832 

Hedding,  Charles  E 812 

Hinman,  W.  Edward 765 

Hoag,  Oscar  h 827 

Holcomb,  Pearl  P 815 

Holden,  James  H 825 

Holden,  John   8oi 

Holmes.  James  B 803 

Holzhauser.   William   F.  J 833 

Horan,  Michael   814 

Howard,   Stapleton  C 833 

Jacobs.  Judson  L 7+2 

Johnson,  Charles  775 

Johnson,  Ozias  D 779 

Johnson,  Rufus  D 776 

King,   Charles   C ....836 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Kingman,  Morrison  M 74s 

Knowles,  Albert    821 

Knowles,  Amos  837 

Lanham,   Zadok   A 798 

Larrabee,  Julius  A 792 

Leonard,  Dike   820 

Lindsay,  Amasa  S 822 

Losekamp,  Franklin  A 769 

MacLean,  Lauchlin- 741 

Martin,  C.  Victor  770 

McCready,  Sylvester  C 769 

McFarland.  Jeremiah  800 

McKenzie,  William  K 742 

Messerly,   Alpheus    804 

Messerly,   Elias    764 

Miller,  Jacob  H 807 

Miller,  John  F 808 

Miller,  John  G 790 

Miller,    Philip    828 

Mitchell,  Levi  W 761 

Moore,  J.   Robert   811 

Moore,   William   B 761 

Morical,  Samuel  E 758 

Morris,  Enoch   784 

Morris,   Enoch   F 784 

Morrison,  Charles  A 789 

Musgrove,  Thomas  W 75i 

Navarre,    Ignatius    A 766 

Newland,  William  S 829 

Northup,    Charles     752 

Northup,  Edward  D 762 

Olive,    Walter    M 829 


PAGE. 

Paton,  William  B 831 

Patterson,  Hector  802 

Pattison,    Thomas     772 

Peterson,  Julius  M 824 

Petrie,   Daniel    804 

Pflaeging,    Fred     760 

Phillips,   Scott   VV 767 

Pitcher,  Alexander   818 

Porter,  John  E 764 

Prowell,  Winter  R 830 

Rarey,    William    T 813 

Rea,  James    754 

Reed,   C.   Will    796 

Reeve.';,   Frank    747 

Reeves.   Fred    762 

Richards,  Walter  D,    810 

Richardson,  George  T 802 

Riddle,  Richard  W 759 

Ringstadt,  John   P 823 

Robichaud,    Peter    774 

Robinson,  Christopher  787 

Rose,    Conrad    748 

Rowse,   George  L 824 

Sanders,  'william  L 793 

Scheble,   Ellsworth    D 751 

Schindler,   Charles  A 802 

Schrader,  Adolph   760 

Shamel,   Allen   C 779 

Shelton,  Joseph  L 753 

Shotwell,  Ellsworth  E 743 

Shotwell,  Harry  1 819 

Shotwell,   Jacob  A 786 


PAGE. 

Simmons,  Herman  S 831 

Skiles,  Robert  1 750 

Slawson,  Frank  D 782 

Smith,    Benjamin   F 793 

Smith,  Irving  0 797 

Smith,    John     774 

Sprague,   Ernest   F 749 

Stevens,  Wendell  E 798 

Stewart,  Squire   834 

Stohl,  Charles  E 763 

Swanson,    Paul    819 

Taylor,  Frank  S 753 

Thompson,    Harvey    826 

Treadwell,  David    754 

Tripp,    Talman    821 

Turner,  William   813 

Venneberg,    Martin    79s 

Wallberg,    Edmund    781 

Wallender,    J 835 

Walsh,    John    810 

Wapato,   John    743 

Wapato,  John  B 758 

Warner,  William  J 818 

Webb,  Richard  P 785 

Wentworth,  Harry  W 756 

Weythman.  James  L 783 

Wheeler,    Peter    771 

Wilson,  David  C 836 

Wilson,  George   787 

Wilson.  Melvin  P 803 

Wolf,  Daniel  C 780 

Wright,  Leroy   799 


CHELAN  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


PAGE. 

Blair,  George   816 

Blair,    William    816 

Clayton,  Albert  P 768 

'  Cottrell,   George   E 75^ 

Farwell,  George  H 816 

Field,  Merritt  E 808 

Freer,   Ira   800 

Freer,  Mrs.  Ira  800 

Gray,  George  H 752 


PAGE. 

Gray,  Mrs.  George  H 752 

Harlin,  Charles  A 816 

Haskell,  Charles  F.  B 832 

Holden,   John    800 

Larrabee,  Julius  A 792 

Leonard,  Dike    S20 

MacLean,  Lauchlin  741 

McFarland,    J 800 

McFarland,    Mrs.   J 800 


PAGE. 

Miller,  Philip   828 

Miller,    Samuel    784 

Morris,    Enoch    784 

Morris,  Mrs.  Enoch  784 

Morris,  Enoch  F 784 

Morris,   Mrs.   Enoch   F 784 

Northup,   Charles    _. 752 

Richardson,    George   T 800 

Rowse,   George  L 824 

Schindler,   Charles   A 800 


GENERAL  HISTORY 

OF 

THE  STATE  OF  WASHINGTON 


PART  I. 


GENERAL  HISTORY 


CHAPTER    I. 

DAWN  OF    DISCOVERY 


Few  students  of  history  ha\-e  failed  to  ob- 
serve the  immediate  impetus  given  to  maritime 
exploration  by  the  royally  proclaimed  exploit 
of  Columbus  in  1492.  Only  nine  years  after  the 
caravels  of  the  Italian  navigator  had  dropped 
anchor  in  American  waters,  off  San  Salvador, 
a  Portugese  sailor,  Caspar  Cortereal,  was  cau- 
tiously feeling  his  way  along  the  Atlantic  coast. 
This  was  in  the  summer  of  1501.  This  voyage 
of  Cortereal  reached  as  high,  on  the  Atlantic 
mainland  of  North  America,  as  42  degrees 
north.  Certain  historians  have  claimed  that  the 
explorations  of  Cortereal  really  antedated  the 
discovery  of  Columbus.  But  of  this  there  is  no 
authentic  evidence ;  there  is  an  accumulation  of 
testimony  to  the  contrary.  By  eminent  cosmo- 
graphists  the  }ear  1501  is  now  accepted  as  the 
period  of  Cortereal's  exploits  on  the  coast  of 
the  Atlantic,  in  the  vicinity  of  modern  New 
England.  This  expedition  of  two  caravels  had 
been  sent  out  l)y  Manuel,  King  of  Portugal. 
There  is  no  proof  that  this  voyage  had  any 
other  object,  at  least  any  other  result,  than 
profit.  Seizing  fifty  Indians  he  carried  them 
away,  on  his  return,  and  sold  them  as  slaves. 

As  Cortereal  was  among  the  earliest  on  the 
Atlantic  seaboard,  so  Juan  Rodriguez  Cabrillo, 
or  Cabrilla,  as  the  name  is  variously  spelled, 
is  admitted  to  have  been  the  earliest  navigator. 


along-  southern  California.  It  was  evidently 
the  intention  of  Cabrillo,  to  continue  his  voyage 
far  higher  on  the  Northwest  Coast,  for  he,  too, 
had  heard  of  the  mysterious  "Strait  of  Anian," 
and  was  enthused  with  most  laudable  geograph- 
ical ambition.  But  fate  ruled  otherwise.  Ca- 
brillo died  in  the  harbor  of  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia, in  January,  1543,  fifty-one  years  after 
the  momentous  achievement  of  Columbus  on 
the  southeastern  shores  of  the  present  United 
States.  The  mantle  of  Cabrillo  fell  upon  the 
shoidders  of  his  pilot,  Bartolome  Ferrelo.  To 
within  two  and  one-half  degrees  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  river  Ferrelo  continued  the 
exploration,  tracing  the  western  coast  of  the 
American  continent  along  this  portion  of  the 
Pacific,  and  to  Ferrelo  has  been  accredited  the 
honor  of  having  been  the  first  white  man  to 
gaze  upon  the  coast  of  Oregon. 

But  back  of  that  dimly  outlined  shore  which 
Ferrelo  skirted,  above  latitude  42  degrees,  far 
inland,  lay  the  immense,  wonderful  territory 
which  afterward  became  Oregon.  It  is  not 
susceptible  of  proof  that  Ferrelo  ever  gained 
north  of  the  present  Astoria,  although  this 
claim  was  at  one  period  urged  by  Spain.  But 
a  country  which  could  solemnly  lay  claim  to  the 
whole  Pacific  ocean  would  not  be  at  all  back- 
ward in  declaring  that  one  of  her  navigators 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


was  tlie  first  to  sight  the  Northwest  Coast,  and 
that,  too,  far  above  the  point  really  gained  by 
Ferrelo.  It  is  not  considered  likely  that  he 
reached  above  the  mouth  of  Umpqua  river. 

In  1577  Francis  Drake,  ai  privateer  and 
freebooter,  a  pirate  and  plunderer  of  Spanish 
galleons,  yet  withal  a  man  of  strong  character 
and  enterprising  spirit,  attempted  to  find  a 
northwest  passage.  Drake  probably  reached 
as  high  as  latitude  43  degrees,  and  dropped  his 
anchors  into  the  shoals  of  that  region.  No  in- 
land explorations  were  achieved  by  him,  and 
he  reluctantly  abandoned  the  search  for  Anian, 
returned  to  Drake's  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  subsequently  to  England  around  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  En  passant  it  is  notice- 
able that  during  the  famous  Oregon  Contro- 
versy, which  obtained  ascendancy  in  interna- 
tional politics  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  later, 
the  discoveries  of  Drake  were  not  presented  by 
England  in  support  of  her  claims  for  all  terri- 
tory north  of  the  Columbia  river.  Whether 
Great  Britain  was  doubtful  of  the  validity  of 
discoveries  made  by  a  freebooter,  or  attached  no 
importance  to  his  achievement,  the  fact  remains 
that  they  were  not  urged  with  any  force  or  en- 
thusiasm. 

Cabrillo  and  Ferrelo  were  not  emulated  in 
maritime  discoveries  in  the  waters  of  the 
Northwest  Coast,  until  1550.  But  on  the 
shore-line  of  the  Atlantic,  Cartier,  for  six  years, 
between  1536  and  1542,  had  made  a  number  of 
inland  voyages,  ascending  the  St.  Lawrence 
Gulf  and  river  five  hundred  miles,  past  the  site 
of  Montreal  and  to  the  falls  of  St.  Louis.  In 
the  far  south  Hernando  De  Soto,  contemporary 
with  Cartier,  had  sailed  coastwise  along  the 
Florida  peninsula  and  penetrated  that  tropical 
country  until  forced  back  by  swamps,  morasses 
and  everglades.  Inland  exploration  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  sixteenth  century  comprised,  prac- 
tically, in  its  northern  limitations,  a  line  cross- 
ing the  continent  a  few  miles  below  the  36th 
parallel,  from  the  Colorado  to  the  Savannahs, 
Coronado  advancing  into  the  modern  Kansas, 


having  passed  the  line  at  its  central  part.  The 
Pacific  had  been  explored  sufficiently  only  to 
barely  show  the  shore-line  to  the  44th  degree  of 
north  latitude. 

In  the  way  of  northern  exploration  on  the 
Pacific  coast  Spain  had,  in  1550,  accomplished 
little  or  nothing.  But  fifteen  years  afterward 
Spain  became  aggressive  along  the  lines  of  mar- 
itime activity.  Urdaneta,  in  1565,  planned  and 
executed  the  initial  voyage  eastward,  opening 
a  northern  route  to  the  Pacific  coast  of  North 
America.  '  He  was  followed,  from  the  Philip- 
pines, by  Manila  traders,  eager  for  gain,  and 
for  two  centuries  thereafter,  through  the  rise 
and  decline  of  Spanish  commercial  supremacy, 
these  active  and  energetic  sailors  reaped  large 
rewards  from  the  costly  furs  found  in  the 
waters  of  the  Northwest  Coast.  It  is  fair  to 
say  that  the  spirit  of  commercialism  contributed 
far  more  toward  development  of  the  region 
of  which  this  history  treats  than  did  the  more 
sentimental  efforts  of  geographical  science. 

Still,  the  latter  spirit  was  not  without  its 
apostles  and  propagandists.  Among  them  was 
one  who  called  himself  Juan  de  Fuca,  a  Greek 
of  Cephalonia.  His  real  name  was  Apostolos 
Valerianos.  Acting,  as  had  Columbus,  under 
royal  commission  from  the  King  of  Spain,  he 
sailed  bravely  away  to  find  the  legendary  Strait 
of  Anian — the  marine  pathway  between  the 
greatest  oceans  of  the  world.  The  name  of 
Anian,  a  mythical  northwestern  kingdom,  orig- 
inated in  1500,  and  is  said  to  have  been  taken  in 
I  honor  of  a  brother  of  Cortereal.  The  real  strait 
was  discovered  by  Russians  in  1750.  These 
Russians  were  fur-hunting  Cossacks,  who 
reached  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  in 
1639.  Their  point  of  rendezvous  was  at 
Okhotsk,  on  the  sea  of  that  name. 

Though  the  voyage  of  Juan  de  Fuca  proved 
fruitless  it  must  be  conceded  that  it  was  con- 
ceived in  the  interest  of  science ;  a  move  in  be- 
half of  international  economics,  and  honorable 
alike  to  both  Spain  and  the  intrepid  navigator. 
In  1584  Francisco  de  Gali  reached  the  Pacific 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


coast,  from  the  west,  in  37  degrees  30  minutes ; 
some  say  57  degrees  30  minutes.  He  was  con- 
tent to  sail  southward  without  landing,  but 
recorded  for  the  archives  of  Spain  the  trend 
and  shore-line  of  the  coast.  By  the  same  route 
Cermenon,  in  1595,  met  with  disaster  by  losing 
his  vessel  in  Drake's  Bay,  a  short  distance 
above  the  present  city  of  San  Francisco. 
Prominent  among  numerous  other  voyagers, 
mainly  bent  on  profit,  were  Espejo,  Perea, 
Lopez  and  Captain  Vaca. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  earliest  explorations 
of  the  Northwest  Coast  were  maritime.  They 
were,  also,  in  the  main,  confined  between  lati- 
tudes 42  degrees  and  54  degrees,  mainly  south 
of  the  boundary  line  finally  accepted  by  Great 
Britain  as  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  Even  in  that  twilight  preceding  the 
broad  day  of  inland  discovery,  there  were  wars 
between  nations,  with  "Oregon"  the  issue,  and 
some  compromises.  Later  came  the  advance 
guard  of  inland  explorers  who  found,  at  the 
occidental  terminus  of  their  perilous  journeys, 
a  comparatively  unknown  seaboard  750  miles 
in  extent,  below  the  vast  reaches  of  Alaskan 
territory  and  the  Aleutian  Islands.  From  the 
far  north  came  Russian  explorers,  and  they  en- 
countered Southern  navigators  who  had  come 
upward  from  the  ambrosial  tropics.  They  com- 
pared notes,  they  detailed  to  each  other  many 
facts,  intermixed  with  voluminous  fiction,  but 
from  the  whole  was  picked  out  and  arranged 
much  of  geographical  certainty.  Four  nations 
of  Pacific  navigators  came  to  what  afterward 
was  known  as  Oregon,  related  their  adventures, 
boasted  of  the  discoveries  each  had  made,  dis- 
cussed the  probability  of  a  northwest  passage, 
the  "Strait  of  Anian," — and  the  Northwest 
Mystery  remained  a  myster\f  still. 

The  Spaniards,  between  1492  and  1550. 
were  in  the  lead  so  far  as  concerns  actual  geo- 
graphical results,  of  all  other  European  sailors. 
Spain,  through  the  agency  of  the  Italian,  Col- 
umbus, had  discovered  a  new  world  :  Spain  had 
meandered  the  coast-line  for  30,000  miles,  from 


60  degrees  on  the  Atlantis  coast  of  Labrador, 
round  by  JMagellan  Strait,  to  40  degrees  on  the 
coast  of  the  Pacific.  Vast  were  the  possibilities 
of  the  future  for  Spain,  and  the  world  did 
honor  to  her  unequalled  achievement.  From  a 
broad,  humanitarian  view  point,  it  is  a  sad 
reflection  that  so  many  of  the  golden  promises 
held  out  to  her  should  have,  in  subsequent  cen- 
turies, faded  away  as  fades  the  elusive  rainbow 
against  the  storm-cloud  background.  But 
Spain's  misfortune  became  North  America's 
opportunity.  England,  too,  and  Russia, 
watched  and  waited,  seized  and  assimilated  so 
ra*pidly  as  possible,  piece  by  piece  the  territory 
on  which  the  feet  of  Spanish  explorers  had  been 
first  planted.  That  it  was  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  may,  possibly,  remain  unquestioned,  but 
it  is  a  fact  that  Spain's  gradual  yet  certain  loss 
of  the  most  valuable  territory  in  the  world  has 
furnished  many  of  the  most  stirring  episodes 
in  the  world's  history.  Spain  has  lost,  sold, 
ceded  and  relinquished  vast  domains  to  nearly 
all  the  modern  powers.  And  not  the  least  valu- 
able of  Spain's  former  possessions  are  now 
under  the  Stars  and  Stripes. 

Thus  far  has  been  hastily  sketched  the 
salient  facts  concerning  the  earliest  maritime 
discoveries  of  the  Northwest  Coast.  None  of 
the  Spanish,  English,  Russian  or  Italian  navi- 
gators had  penetrated  inland  farther  than  a  few 
miles  up  the  estuary  of  the  Columbia  river.  It 
was  destined  to  remain  for  a  class  of  explorers 
other  than  maritime,  yet  equally  courageous 
and  enterprising,  to  blaze  the  trail  for  future 
pioneers  from  the  east. 

To  Alexander  Mackenzie,  a  native  of  In- 
verness, knighted  by  George  III,  is  accredited 
the  honor  of  being  the  first  European  to  force 
a  passage  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  north  of 
California.  On  June  3,  1789.  Mackenzie  left 
Fort  Chipewyan,  situated  at  the  western  point 
of  Athabasca  lake,  in  two  canoes.  He  was  ac- 
companied by  a  German,  four  Canadians,  two 
of  them  with  wives,  an  Indian,  named  English 
Chief,  and  M.  Le  Roux,  the  latter  in  the  capac- 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


ity  of  clerk  and  supercargo  of  the  expedition. 
The  route  of  this  adventurous  party  was  by  the 
way  of  Slave  river  and  Slave  lake,  thence  down 
a  stream  subsequently  named  the  Mackenzie 
river,  on  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  striking  the  coast 
at  latitude  52  degrees,  24  minutes,  48  seconds. 
This  territory  is  all  within  the  present  boundar- 
ies of  British  Columbia,  north  of  the  line  finally 
accepted  as  the  northern  boundary  of  "Oregon" 
by  the  English  diplomats. 

Singular  as  it  may  appear  there  is  no 
authentic  history  of  the  origin  of  this  term 
"Oregon."  There  is,  however,  cumulative 
testimony  to  the  effect  that  the  name  was  in- 
vented by  Jonathan  Carver,  who  pushed  his  in- 
land explorations  beyond  the  headwaters  of  the 
Mississippi  river;  that  the  name  was  exploited 
and  made  famous  by  William  Cullen  Bryant, 
'author  of  "Thanatopsis,"  and  late  editor  of  the 
Nezv  York  Evening  Post;  that  it  was  fastened 
upon  the  Columbia  river  territory,  originally 
by  Hall  J.  Kelley,  through  his  memorials  to 
congress  in  181 7,  and  secondly  by  various  other 
English  and  American  authors.  Aside  from 
this  explanation  are  numerous  theories  adduc- 
ing Spanish  derivatives  of  rather  ambiguous 
context,  but  lacking  lucidity  or  force.  It  is 
likely  that  no  more  etymological  radiance 
will  ever  be  thrown  upon  what,  after  all,  is  a 
rather  unimportant,  though  often  mooted 
question. 

The  expedition  of  Mackenzie,  crowned  with 
results  most  valuable  to  science  and  territorial 
development,  comprised  one  hundred  and  two 
days.  At  the  point  he  first  made,  on  the  Pacific 
coast  the  explorer  executed,  with  vermillion 
and  grease,  a  rude  sign  bearing  the  following- 
inscription  :  "Alexander  Mackenzie,  from  Can- 
ada by  land,  July  22,  1793."  Subsequent  ex- 
peditions were  made  by  Mackenzie  to  the  coast, 
one  of  them  via  the  Peace  river. 

But  now  comes  one  M.  Le  Page  du  Pratz, 
a  talented  and  scholarlv  French  savant,  with 


the  statement  made  se^•eral  years  ago,  that 
neither  Mackenzie  nor  Lewis  and  Clarke  were 
the  first  to  cross  the  Rockies  and  gain  the 
Northwest  Coast.  Our  French  student  claims 
to  have  discovered  a  Natchez  Indian,  being  of 
the  tribe  of  the  Yahoos,  called  LTnterprete,  on 
account  of  the  various  languages  he  had  ac- 
quired, but  named  by  his  own  people  Moncacht 
Ape,  "He  Who  Kills  Trouble  and  Fatigue." 
M.  Le  Page  declares  that  this  man,  actuated 
mainly  by  curiosity,  a  stimulant  underlying  all 
advancement,  unassisted  and  unattended,  trav- 
eled from  the  Mississippi  river  to  the  Pacific 
coast  so  early  as  1743.  This  was  sixty  years 
before  President  Jefferson  dispatched  Captains 
Lewis  and  Clarke  on  their  governmental  expe- 
dition, the  results  of  which  have  proved  so  im- 
portant and  momentuous  in  the  history  of  the 
development  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 
Moncacht  Ape,  it  is  claimed,  met  many  tribes 
of  Indians,  made  friends  with  all  of  them,  ac- 
quired portions  of  complex  dialects,  gained  as- 
sistance and  information  and,  eventually  gazed 
upon  the  same  waters  upon  which  Balboa  had 
fixed  his  eyes  with  enthusiasm,  many  hundreds 
of  miles  to  the  south. 

It  can  not  be  denied  that  hardly  has  a  great 
discovery  been  heralded  to  the  world  ere  some 
rival  genius  springs  up  to  claim  it.  Possibly 
it  is  this  spirit  which  may  have  actuated  M.  Le 
Page  in  producing  the  somewhat  mysterious 
Moncacht  Ape,  to  pose  as  the  pioneer  of  North- 
western exploration.  But  we,  of  to-day,  are  in 
no  position  to  combat  his  claims,  reserving  to 
ourselves  the  undeniable  fact  that  Mackenzie, 
Lewis  and  Clarke  were-  the  first  white  men  to 
gain,  overland,  the  Northwest  Coast. 

From  1500  to  1803  this  greatly  abridged 
foreword  has  traced  northwestern  discoveries. 
We  now  enter  upon  a  brief  description  of  the 
glorious  achievements  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  in 
that  portion  of  their  journey  so  fruitful  with 
results  to  Washington  and  Oregon. 


CHAPTER    11. 


MISSISSIPPI  TO  THE  COAST. 


Eleven  years  before  the  departure  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  on  their  expedition  to  the  North- 
west, President  Jefferson  in  1792,  proposed  a 
plan  to  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  in- 
volving a  subscription  for  the  purpose  of  em- 
ploying a  competent  person  who  should  pro- 
ceed by  land  to  the  Northwest  Coast.  It  is  at 
this  period  that  Captain  Meriwether  Lewis 
emerges  from  the  obscurity  of  his  military  post 
at  Charlotteville.  Virginia.  It  had  been  ar- 
ranged that  M.  Michaux,  a  French  botanist, 
should  become  the  companion  of  Captain 
Lewis.  These  two  had  proceeded  on  their 
journey  so  far  as  Kentucky,  at  that  time  one 
of  the  western  states,  when  an  end  was  put  to 
this  initial  enterprise  by  the  French  minister, 
who  suddenly  discovered  that  he  had  use  for 
.the  botaracal  abilities  of  M.  Michaux  else- 
where.    The  later  was  recalled. 

But  this  plan,  which  had  grown  in  devel- 
opment of  detail  since  its  inception,  was  not 
abandoned  by  Jefferson.  In  1803,  on  the  eve 
of  expiration  of  the  act  for  the  establishment 
of  trading  posts  among  Indians,  the  president 
again  brought  forward  the  scheme  which  he 
had  first  proposed  to  the  American  Philosophi- 
cal Society.  The  object  sought  was  to  trace 
the  Missouri  river  to  its  source,  cross  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  gain  tlie  Pacific  Ocean. 
This  was  most  satisfactorily  accomplished,  and 
because  this  expedition  first  sighted  the  Pacific 
in  latitude  46  degrees,  19  minutes  11.7  seconds, 
it  becomes  an  important  factor,  within  the  ter- 
ritorial limits  of  this  history.  Tlie  confidential 
message,  transmitted  by  President  Jefferson  to 
congress,  in  January.  1803,  had  been  favorably 
received,  and  results  were  far  beyond  his  most 


sanguine  expectations.  Not  only  had  the  orig- 
inal plan  been  fully  approx'ed,  but  it  was  consid- 
erably amplified  in  its  details,  and  Captain 
Lewis  had  been  given  as  a  companion,  William 
Clarke,  brother  of  General  George  Rogers 
Clarke.  To  Captain  Lewis,  to  whom  was 
given  full  command  of  the  expedition,  instruc- 
tions were  imparted  concerning  the  route,  va- 
rious objects  to  which  inquiries  should  be 
directed,  relating  to  geography,  character  of 
the  country  traversed,  the  different  inhabitants, 
biology,  and  such  other  scientific  information 
as  it  was  possible  to  obtain. 

Coincident  with  this  momentous  under- 
taking another,  and  equally  important  negotia- 
tion was  being  carried  to  a  successful  conclu- 
sion. This  was  the  Louisiana  Purchase  from 
Napoleon  Bonaparte,  by  which  the  United 
States  acquired  title  to  a  domain  whose  extent 
and  topographical  location  made  that  other 
territory  to  which  Lewis  and  Clarke  were  en 
route,  "Oregon,"  an  almost  absolute  necessity. 
Louisiana,  at  that  period  extending  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river  to  the,'  then, 
indefinite  boundaries  on  the  north  of  Montana 
and  the  Dakotas,  had  been  recently  ceded  by 
Spain  to  France.  The  latter  power,  by  a  treaty 
involving  the  payment  to  Napoleon  of 
$15,000,000,  ceded  it  to  the  LTnited  States. 

Following  the  return  of  the  Lewis  and 
Clarke  expedition,  a  donation  of  land  was  made 
by  congress  to  the  members  of  the  party.  This 
was  in  1807.  Captain  Lewis  was  appointed 
governor  of  our  newly  acquired  territory  of 
"Louisiana,"  and  Clarke  was  made  agent  of 
Indian  affairs.  But  while  on  his  way  to  Phila- 
delphia, to  supervise    the    publication    of    his 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


journal,  in  1807.    Captain  Lewis  was  stricken 
with  death. 

That  portion  of  Lewis  and  Clarke's  expe- 
dition with  which  this  history  concerns  itself 
relates  chiefly  to  the  achievements  of  these  in- 
trepid captains  after  they  had  entered  the  terri- 
tory known  as  "Oregon,"  and  from  which  the 
states  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho  were 
carved :  And  what  was  this  territory,  at  that 
period  a  terra  incognita?  Major  Joshua 
Pitcher,  early  in  1800  contributes  the  following 
brief  descripition : 

The  form  or  configuration  of  the  coinitry  is  the 
most  perfect  and  admirable  which  the  imagination  can 
conceive.  All  its  outlines  are  distinctly  marked ;  all  its 
interior  is  connected  together.  Frozen  regions  on  the 
north,  the  ocean  and  its  mountainous  coast  to  the  west, 
the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  east,  sandy  and  desert 
plains  to  the  south— such  are  its  boundaries.  Within 
the  whole  country  is  watered  by  the  streams  of  a  single 
river,  issuing  from  the  north,  east  and  south,  uniting 
in  the  region  of  tidewater,  and  communicating  with  the 
sea  by  a  single  outlet.  Such  a  country  is  formed  for 
defense,  and  whatever  power  gets  possession  of  it  will 
probably  be  able  to  keep  it. 

This  was  published  in  Volume  I,  No.  39, 
senate  documents.  Twenty-first  Congress,  sec- 
ond session.  A  more  extended  description  is 
sketched  later  by  Mr.  Parker,  who  says : 

Beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains  nature  appears  to 
have  studied  variety  on  the  largest  scale.  Towering 
mountains  and  wide-extended  prairies,  rich  valleys  and 
barren  plains,  and  large  rivers,  with  their  rapids,  cata- 
racts and  falls,  present  a  great  variety  of  prospects. 
The  whole  country  is  so  mountainous  that  there  is  no 
elevation  from  which  a  person  can  not  see  some  of  the 
immense  range  which  intersect  its  various  parts. 
From  an  elevation  a  short  distance  from  Fort  Van- 
couver, five  isolated,  conical  mountains,  from  ten  to 
fifteen  thousand  feet  high,  whose  tops  are  covered  with 
perpetual  snow,  may  be  seen  rising  in  the  surrounding 
valley.  There  are  three  general  ranges  west  of  the 
Rocky  chain  of  mountains,  running  in  northern  and 
southern  directions;  the  first  above  the  falls  of  the 
Columbia  river ;  the  second  at  and  below  the  Cascades ; 
the  third  toward  and  along  the  shores  of  the  Pacific. 
From  each  of  these  branches  extend  in  different  direc- 
tions. Besides  these  there  are  those  in  different  parts 
which  are  large  and  high,  such  as  the  Blue  Mountains, 
south   of  Walla  Walla;   the   Salmon  River   Mountains, 


between  Sahnon  and  Kooskooskie  rivers,  and  also  in 
the  region  of  Okanogan  and  Colville.  The  loftiest  peaks 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains  have  been  found  in  about  52 
degrees  north  latitude,  where  Mr.  Thompson,  astrono- 
mer of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  has  ascertained  the 
heights  of  several.  One,  called  Mount  Brown,  he  esti- 
mates at  sixteen  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea ;  another,  Mt.  Hooker,  at  fifteen  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred feet.  It  has  been  stated,  farther  (though  probably 
with  some  exaggeration)  that  he  discovered  other  points 
farther  north  of  an  elevation  ten  thousand  feet  higher 
than  these.  Between  these  mountains  are  widespread 
valleys  and  plains.  The  largest  and  most  fertile  valley  is 
included  between  Deer  Island  in  the  west,  to  within 
twelve  miles  of  the  Cascades,  which  is  about  fifty-five 
miles  wide,  and  extending  north  and  south  to  a  greater 
extent  than  I  had  the  means  of  definitely  ascertaining: 
probably  from  Puget  Sound  on  the  north,  to  the 
Umpqua   river  on  the  south. 

The  Willamette  river,  and  a  section  of  the  Colum- 
bia, are  included  in  this  valley.  The  valley  south  of 
the  Walla  Walla,  called  the  Grand  Rond,  is  said  to  ex- 
cel in  fertility.  To  these  may  be  added  Pierre's  Hole,  and 
the  adjacent  country;  also  Recueil  Amere,  east  of  the 
Salmon  River  Mountains.  Others  of  less  magnitude 
are  dispersed  over  different  parts.  To  these  may  be 
subjoined  extensive  plains,  most  of  which  are  prairies 
well  covered  with  grass.  The  whole  region  of  country 
west  of  the  Salmon  River  I\Iountains,  the  Spokane 
woods  and  Okanogan,  quite  to  the  range  of  mountains 
that  cross  the  Columbia  at  the  Falls,  is  a  vast  prairie 
covered  with  grass,  and  the  soil  is  generally  good. 
Another  large  plain  which  is  said  to  be  very  barren, 
lies  off  to  the  southward  of  Lewis,  or  Malheur  river, 
including  the  Shoshone  country;  and  travelers  who  have 
passed  through  this  have  pronounced  the  interior  of 
America  a  great,  barren  desert,  but  this  is  drawing  a 
conclusion  far  too  broad  from  premis  s  so  limited. 

Aside  from  Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke,  the 
party  of  exploration  consisted  of  nine  young 
men  from  Kentucky,  fourteen  United  States 
soldiers,  who  had  volunteered  their  services, 
two  French  watermen  (an  interpreter  and 
hunter),  and  a  black  servant,  employed  by 
Captain  Clarke.  Before  the  close  of  1803.  prep- 
arations for  the  voyage  were  all  completed,  and 
the  party  wintered  at  the  mouth  of  Wood  river, 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  start  was  on  May  4,  1804,  and  the  first 
reach  made  on  the  sixteenth,  was  twenty-one 
miles  up  the  Missouri.  Of  the  many  surpris- 
ing ad\entures  encountered  in  ascending  this 
ri\er  to  Fort  Benton,  it  is  not  the  province  of 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


this  history  to  recount.  It  was  toward  the 
Northwest  Coast  that  their  faces  were  set,  and 
the  advent  of  these  -pioneers  into  the  future 
"Oregon"  becomes  of  material  interest  to 
present  residents  of  this  section. 

August  1 8,  1805,  fourteen  months  from  the 
departure  of  this  expedition,  it  had  reached  the 
extreme  navigable  point  of  the  Missouri  river, 
stated  in  Captain  Lewis'  journal,  to  be  in  lati- 
tude 43  degrees,  30  minutes,  43  seconds  north. 
The  party  was  now,  for  a  certain  distance,  to 
proceed  by  land  with  pack  horses.  Tribe  after 
tribe  of  strange  Indians  were  encountered,  a 
majority  of  whom  met  the  explorers  on  friendly 
terms.  The  party  endured  hardships  innum- 
erable; game  was  scarce  in  certain  localities, 
and  at  times  the  weather  was  inclement.  They 
forded  unknown  streams,  and  christened  many, 
Lewis  river,  Clarke's  Fork,  and  others. 

Particular  inquiries  were  made  regarding 
the  topography  of  the  country  and  the  possibil- 
ity of  soon  reaching  a  navigable  stream.  In 
answer  to  such  questions  an  ancient  chief,  who, 
it  was  claimed,  knew  more  concerning  the 
geography  of  this  section  of  the  northwest  than 
any  one  else,  drew  rude  delineations  of  the  vari- 
ous rivers  on  the  ground.  It  soon  developed 
that  he  knew  little  about  them.  But  some 
vague  information  was  gained  sufficient  to 
show  that  the  different  streams  converged  in 
one  vast  river,  the  Columbia,  running  a  great 
way  toward  the  "setting  sun,  and  at  length  los- 
ing itself  in  a  great  lake  of  water,  which  was  ill- 
tasted  and  where  the  white  men  lived."  Still 
another  route  was  suggested,  an  analysis  of 
which  convinced  Captain  Clarke  that  the  rivers 
mentioned  debouched  into  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia. He  then  inquired  concerning  the  route 
used  by  the  Pierced-nose  Indians  who,  living 
west  of  the  mountains,  crossed  over  to  the  Mis- 
souri. According  to  Captain  Lewis'  journal 
the  chief  replied,  in  effect,  that  the  route  was  a 
very  bad  one;  that  during  the  passage,  he  had 
been  told,  they  suffered  excessively  from  hun- 
ger, being  obliged  to  subsist  for  many  days  on 


berries  alone,  there  being  no  game  in  that  part 
of  the  mountains,  which  was  broken  and  rocky, 
and  so  thickly  covered  with  timber  that  they 
could  scarcely  pass. 

Difficulties,  also,  surrounded  all  routes,  and 
this  one  appeared  as  practicable  as  any  other. 
It  was  reasoned  that  if  Indians  could  pass  the 
mountains  with  their  women  and  children,  no 
difficulties  which  they  could  overcome  would 
be  formidable  to  the  explorers.  Lewis  sets 
down  in  his  journal:  "If  the  tribes  below  the 
mountains  were  as  numerous  as  they  were  rep- 
resented to  be,  they  would  have  some  means  of 
subsistance  equally  within  our  power.  They 
had  told  us,  indeed,  that  the  natives  to  the 
westward  subsisted  principally  on  fish  and 
roots,  and  that  their  only  game  was  a  few  elk, 
deer  and  antelope,  there  being  no  buffalo  west 
of  the  mountains." 

It  was  decided  by  Captain  Clarke  to  ascer- 
tain what  difficulty,  if  any,  would  be  encoun- 
tered in  descending  the  river  on  which  the 
party  was  then  encamped.  Continuing  down 
tlie  stream,  which  runs  nearly  northwest, 
through  low  grounds,  rich  and  wide,  they 
came  to  where  it  forked,  the  western  branch 
being  much  larger  than  the  eastern.  To  this 
stream,  or  rather  the  main  branch,  was  given 
the  name  of  Lewis  river.  The  party  followed 
it  until  confronted  by  insurmountable  ob- 
stacles ;  it  foamed  and  lashed  itself  through  a 
narrow  pass  flanked  by  the  loftiest  mountains 
Captain  Clarke  had  ever  seen.  The  Indians 
declared  that  it  was  impossible  to  descend  the 
river  or  scale  the  mountains,  snow-capped  and 
repellant.  They  had  never  been  lower  than  the 
head  of  the  gap  made  by  the  river  breaking 
through  the  range.  Captain  Clarke  decided  to 
abandon  the  route.  It  was  determined  to  pro- 
ceed on  their  course  by  land.  On  being  ques- 
tioned their  guide  drew  a  map  on  the  sand,  rep- 
resenting a  road  leading  toward  two  forks  of 
another  river,  where  lived  a  tribe  of  Indians 
called  Tushepaws.  These  people,  he  said,  fre- 
quently came  to  Lewis  river  to  fish  for  salmon. 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


Through  the  broken,  hilly  country  through 
which  flow  the  tributaries  of  the  Columbia  the 
party  pressed  forward.  On  the  29th  Captain 
Clarke  and  his  men  joined  the  main  party, 
which  had  made  a  wide  detour  in  order  to  gain 
information  regarding  a  more  feasible  route. 
Although  August  was  not  yet  passed  the 
weather  was  quite  cold,  and  during  the  night 
ink  froze  in  the  pen  and  frost  covered  the 
meadows.  Yet  the  days  were  warm,  and  this 
atmospheric  condition  grew  more  pronounced 
as  they  drew  nearer  the  "Oregon"  climate. 

The  expedition  began  the  passage  across 
the  mountains  August  30,  1805.  Accompanied 
by  the  old  guide,  his  four  sons  and  another 
Indian,  the  party  began  the  descent  of  the 
Lemhi  river.  Three  days  later  all  the  Indians, 
save  the  old  gviide,  deserted  them.  There  being 
no  track  leading  across  the  mountains  it  became 
necessary  to  cut  their  way  through  the  dense 
underbrush.  Although  the  Indian  guide  ap- 
pears to  have  lost  his  way,  on  September  4, 
after  most  arduous  labor  in  forcing  a  passage 
through  the  almost  impenetrable  brush,  the 
party  came  upon  a  large  camp  of  Indians.  The 
following  day  a  "pow-wow"  was  held,  con- 
ducted in  many  languages,  the  various  dia- 
lects suggesting  a  modern  Babel,  but  it  proved 
sufficient  to  inform  the  Indians  of  the  main  ob- 
ject of  the  expedition.  These  Indians  were  the 
Ootlashoots,  a  band  of  the  Tushepaws,  on  their 
way  to  join  other  bands  in  hunting  buffalo  on 
Jefferson  river,  across  the  Great  Divide.  Part- 
ing from  them  the  toilsome  journey  was  re- 
sumed. The  party  was  seeking  a  pass  across 
the  Bitter  Root  mountains.  Game  disappeared. 
On  September  14  they  were  forced  to  kill  a  colt, 
their  stock  of  animal  food  being  exhausted. 
And  with  frequent  recurrence  to  the  use  of 
horseflesh  they  pressed  on  through  the  wilder- 
ness. An  extract  from  Captain  Clarke's  jour- 
nal of  September  18,  conveys  an  idea  of  the 
destitute  condition  of  his  party : 

We  melted  some  snow  and  supped  on  a  little  porta- 
ble soup,  a  few  cannisters  of  which,  with  about  twenty 


pounds'  weight  of  bear's  oil,  are  our  only  remaining 
means  of  subsistence.  Our  guns  are  scarcely  of  any 
service  for  there  is  no  living  creature  in  these  mountains 
except  a  few  small  pheasants,  a  small  species  of  gray 
squirrel,  and  a  blue  bird  of  the  vulture  kind,  about  the 
size  of  a  turtle  dove,  or  jay.  Even  these  are  difficult 
to  shoot. 

Arriving  at  a  bold,  running  stream  on  Sep- 
tember 19,  it  was  appropriately  named  "Hun- 
gry Creek,"  as  at  that  point  they  had  nothing  to 
eat.  On  September  20  the  party  passed  down 
the  last  of  the  Bitter  Root  range  and  gained  a 
comparatiA-ely  level  country.  Here  they  found 
another  band  of  strange  Indians,  people  who 
had  ne\-er  looked  upon  the  face  of  a  white  man. 
They  proved  hospitable  and  the  party  remained 
with  them  several  days.  The  Indians  called 
themselves  Chopunnish,  or  Pierced-noses,  the 
Xez  Perces  of  to-da}-.  The  expedition  was  now 
in  the  vicinity  of  Pierce  City,  at  one  period  the 
capital  of  Shoshone  county,  Idaho.  On  a  white 
elk  skin,  the  chief,  Twisted  Hair,  drew  a  chart 
of  the  country  to  the  west,  to  explain  the  geog- 
raphy and  topography  of  the  district  beyond. 
Captain  Clarke  translates  it  as  follows : 

"According  to  this  the  Kooskooskee  forks 
(confluence  of  its  north  fork)  a  few  miles  from 
this  place ;  two  days  toward  the  south  is  another 
and  larger  fork  (confluence  of  Snake  river),  on 
which  the  Shoshone  or  Snake  Indians  fish ;  five 
days'  journey  further  is  a  large  river  from  the 
northwest  (that  is,  the  Columbia  itself)  into 
which  Clarke's  river  empties;  from  the  mouth 
of  that  river  (that  is,  confluence  of  the  Snake 
with  the  Columbia)  to  the  falls  is  five  days' 
journey  further;  on  all  the  forks  as  well  as  on 
the  main  river  great  numbers  of  Indians  re- 
side." 

On  September  23  the  Indians  were  assem- 
bled, and  the  errand  of  the  party  across  the 
continent  explained.  The  talk  satisfied  the  sav- 
ages; they  sold  their  visitors  pro^•isions  for 
man  and  beast  and  parted  with  amity.  But 
immediate  progress  was  somewhat  delayed  by 
illness  of  different  members  of  the  party.  They 
were  nearly  famished  when  they  encountered 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


the  Nez  Perces,  and  had  eaten  too  heartily  fol- 
lowing their  privations.  September  27  they 
camped  on  Kooskooskee  river  and  began  the 
building  of  canoes.  Gradually  the  health  of 
the  men  was  recruited,  and  the  early  days  of 
OctolDer  were  passed  in  making  preparations  to 
descend  the  river.  According  to  Lewis'  jour- 
nal the  latitude  of  this  camp  was  46  degrees 
34  minutes  56  seconds  north.  It  should  be  re- 
membered that  the  Kooskooskee  is  now  the 
Clearwater,  flowing  into  the  Snake  river  which, 
in  turn,  empties  into  the  Columbia.  October 
8  the  party  began  their  long  and  adventurous 
voyage  in  five  canoes,  one  of  which  served  as 
an  advance  pilot  boat,  the  course  of  the  stream 
being  unknown.  They  were  soon  assailed  by 
disaster,  one  of  the  canoes  striking  a  rock  and 
sinking.  The  river  was  found  to  be  full  of 
rocks,  reefs  and  rapids.  At  the  confluence  of 
the  Kooskooskee  and  Snake  rivers  a  night's 
camp  was  made,  near  the  present  Idaho  town  of 
Lewiston,  named  in  honor  of  the  commander 
of  this  expedition.  And  from  this  point  the 
party  crossed  over  into  the  territory  now 
bounded  by  the  limits  of  the  state  of  Washing- 
ton. Experience  in  this  camp  finds  the  fol- 
lowing expression  in  Lewis'  journal. 


Our  arrival  soon  attracted  the  attention  of  the  In- 
dians, who  flocked  from  all  directions  to  see  us.  In  the 
evening  the  Indian  from  the  falls,  whom  we  had  seen  at 
Rugged  Rapid,  joined  us  with  his  son  in  a  small  canoe, 
and  insisted  on  accompanpying  us  to  the  falls.  Being 
again  reduced  to  fish  and  roots,  we  made  an  experiment 
to  vary  our  food  by  purchasing  a  few  dogs,  and  after 
having  been  accumtomed  to  horse-flesh  felt  no  disrelish 
for  this  new  dish.  The  Chopunnish  have  great  numbers 
of  dogs,  which  they  employ  for  domestic  purposes,  but 
never  eat ;  and  our  using  the  flesh  of  that  animal  soon 
brought  us  into  ridicule  as  dog  eaters. 


On  October  11,  having  made  a  short  stage 
in  their  journey,  the  party  stopped  and  traded 
with  the  Indians,  securing  a  quantity  of  salmon 
and  se^'en  dogs.  They  were  now  on  the  Snake 
river  and  proceeding  rapidly  toward  the  Col- 
umbia, known  to  all  the  various  Indian  tribes 


in  "Oregon"  as  the  "Great  River."  Dangerous 
rapids  crowded  the  stream;  disasters  were  en- 
countered far  too  frequently  to  prove  assuring 
to  the  voyageurs.  October  14  another  canoe 
was  blown  upon  a  rock  sideways  and  narrowly 
escaped  being  lost.  Four  miles  above  the  point 
of  confluence  of  the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers 
the  expedition  halted  and  conferred  with  the 
Indians.  During  the  evening  of  October  16 
they  were  visited  by  two  hundred  warriors  who 
tendered  them  a  barbaric  ovation,  comprising' 
a  procession  with  drums,  torches  and  vocal 
music  far  more  diabolical  than  classical.  Here 
seven  more  dogs  were  purchased,  together  with 
some  fish  and  "twenty  pounds  of  fat  dried 
horseflesh."  At  the  point  where  the  party  were 
then  stationed  the  counties  of  Franklin, 
Yakima  and  Walla  Walla  now  come  together; 
the  junction  of  the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers. 
The  Indians  called  themselves  Sokulks. 

Habit  and  experience  necessarily  render  ex- 
plorers more  far-sighted  and  astute  than  the 
ordinary  citizen  of  civilized  habitat.  But  the 
prescience  of  the  former  is  by  no  means  in- 
fallible. Lewis  and  Clarke  were  now  about  to 
set  forth  upon  the  waters  of  the  mighty  Colum- 
bia, a  famous  stream  variously  known  as  "The 
River  of  the  North"  and  "The  Oregon;"  a 
great  commercial  artery  whose  convolutions 
were  subsequently  to  be  insisted  upon  by  Great 
Britain  as  the  northern  boundary  of  "Oregon" 
territory.  But  the  magnitude  of  this  stream 
and  its  future  importance  in  international  poli- 
tics were,  of  course,  unknown  to  Lewis  and 
Clarke.  These  explorers  had  no  knowledge  of 
the  "terminal  facilities"  of  this  stream  other 
than  that  contributed  by  the  legendary  lore  of 
Indians,  dim,  mythical,  and  altogether  theoreti- 
cal. And  with  this  absence  of  even  a  partial 
realization  of  the  great  significance  of  his  mis- 
sion Captain  Lewis  writes  in  his  journal  of  Oc- 
tober 17,  1805  : 

"In  the  course  of  the  day  Captain  Clarke, 
in  a  small  canoe,  with  two  men.  ascended  the 
Columbia.    At  a  distance  of  five  miles  he 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


an  island  in  the  middle  of  the  river,  at  the  head 
of  which  was  a  small  but  dangerous  rapid." 

With  this  simple  introduction  to  the  most 
important  episode  of  his  journey  across  the  con- 
tinent Captain  Lewis  faced  the  Occident  that 
held  so  much  in  store  for  thousands  of  the 
future.  On  the  19th  the  voyageurs  began  to 
drift  down  the  Columbia.  Rapids  impeded 
their  course,  many  of  them  dangerous.  Short 
portages  were  made  around  the  more  difficult 
ones,  and  forty  miles  down  the  stream  they 
landed  among  a  tribe  known  as  the  Pishguit- 
pahs  who  were  engaged  in  drying  fish.  Here 
they  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace,  exchanged  pres- 
ents and  entertained  the  Indians  with  the  strains 
of  two  violins  played  by  Cruzatte  and  Gibson, 
members  of  the  exploring  party.  October  21 
they  arrived  at  the  confluence  of  a  considerable 
stream,  coming  into  the  Columbia  from  the  left, 
and  named  by  the  party  Lepage,  now  known  as 
John  Day's  river.  Six  years  later,  John  Day,  a 
Kentucky  Nimrod,  crossed  the  continent  on 
the  trail  blazed  by  Lewis  and  Clarke,  bound  for 
Astoria,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  From 
the  rapids  below  the  mouth  of  this  stream  the 
party  gained  their  first  view  of  Mount  Hood, 
prominent  in  the  Cascade  range,  looming  up 
from  the  southwest  eleven  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  feet.  On  the  day  fol- 
lowing they  passed  a  stream  called  by  the  In- 
dians Towahnahiooks ;  to  modern  geographers 
known  as  the  Des  Chutes.  This  is  one  of  the 
largest  southern  tributaries  of  the  Columbia. 

Five  miles  below  the  mouth  of  this  stream 
the  party  camped.  Lewis  and  Clarke  had 
learned  from  the  Indins  of  the  "great  falls," 
and  toward  this  point  they  had  looked  with 
some  apprehension.  October  23  they  made  the 
descent  of  these  rapids,  the  height  of  which,  in 
a  distance  of  twelve  hundred  yards  is  thirty- 
seven  feet  eight  inches.  Around  the  first  fall, 
twenty-five  feet  high,  a  portage  was  made,  and 
below  the  canoes  were  led  down  by  lines.  At 
the  next  fall  of  the  Columbia  the  expedition 
camped,  among  the  Echeloots,  a  tribe  of  the 


Upper  Chinooks,  at  present  nearly  extinct. 
They  received  the  white  men  with  much  kind- 
ness, invited  them  to  their  huts  and  returned 
their  visits,  but  the  Echeloots  were  then  at  war 
with  another  tribe  and  at  all  times  anxious  con- 
cerning an  expected  attack  by  their  enemies. 
Following  a  long  talk  with  Lewis  and  Clarke, 
who  were  ever  ready  to  extend  their  good  offices 
toward  making  peace  between  hostile  tribes, 
the  Echeloots  agreed  to  drop  their  quarrel  with 
their  ancient  enemies.  Here,  too,  the  chiefs 
who  had  accompanied  the  expedition  from  the 
headwaters  of  the  streams,  bade  the  explorers 
farewell,  and  prepared  to  return  eastward.  Pur- 
chasing horses  of  the  Echeloots  they  went  home 
by  land. 

The  closing  days  of  October  were  passed 
in  descending  the  Columbia,  in  which  portion 
of  their  voyage  they  met  a  number  of  different 
tribes  of  Indians,  among  them  the  Chilluckitte- 
quaws,  from  whom  they  purchased  five  small 
dogs,  some  dried  berries  and  a  white  bread  or 
cake,  made  from  roots.  They  passed  a  small, 
rapid  stream  which  they  called  Cataract  river, 
now  known  as  the  Klickitat.  Going  thirty-two 
miles  farther  they  camped  on  the  right  bank  of 
a  river  in  what  is  now  Skamania  county,  Wash- 
ington, which  is  either  the  White  Salmon  or 
Little  White  Salmon.  On  the  last  day  of  Oc- 
tober Captain  Clarke  pushed  on  ahead  to  ex- 
amine the  next  of  the  more  difficult  rapids, 
known  as  "the  great  shoot."  This  obstacle  was 
conquered,  however,  although  not  without  a 
number  of  hair-breadth  escapes,  and  on  No- 
vember 2  the  party  were  below  the  last  of  all 
the  descents  of  the  Columbia.  At  this  point 
tidewater  commences  and  the  river  widens. 

From  tidewater  to  the  sea  the  passage  was 
enlivened  with  incidents  sufficient  to  quicken 
the  pulse  of  the  enthusiastic  explorers.  Near 
the  mouth  of  Sandy  river  they  met  a  party  of 
fifteen  Indians  who  had  recently  come  up  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  By  them  they  were 
told  of  three  vessels  lying  at  anchor  below.  It 
was  certain   that   these   craft   must   be   either 


GENERAL    HISTORY, 


American  or  European,  and  the  explorers  could 
ill  conceal  their  unbounded  pleasure  and  antici- 
pation. A  group  of  islands  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Multnomah,  or  modernly,  Williamette,  had 
concealed  this  stream,  upon  which  is  now  situ- 
ated the  city  of  Portland,  from  view.  The  voy- 
ageurs  had  missed  this  important  river  en- 
tirely. Proceeding  westward  the  explorers 
obtained  their  first  sight  of  Mount  Ranier,  or 
Mount  Tacoma,  nine  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  feet  high.  Nearing  the  coast  the  party 
met  Indians  of  a  nature  widely  divergent  from 
any  whom  they  had  before  seen.  Captain  Lewis 
says: 

These  people  seem  to  be  of  a  different  nation  from 
those  we  have  just  passed;  thej'  are  low  in  stature,  ill- 
shaped,  and  all  have  their  heads  flattened.  They  call 
themselves  Wahkiacum,  and  their  language  differs  from 
that  of  the  tribes  above,  with  whom  they  trade  for 
wapatoo  roots.  The  houses  are  built  in  a  different  style, 
being  raised  entirely  above  ground,  with  the  eaves  about 
five  feet  high  and  the  door  at  the  corner.  *  *  *  The 
dress  of  the  men  is  like  that  of  the  people  above,  but  the 
women  are  clad  in  a  peculiar  manner,  the  robe  not 
reaching  lower  than  the  hip,  and  the  body  being  covered 
in  cold  weather  by  a  sort  of  corset  of  fur,  curiously 
plaited  and  reaching  from  the  arms  to  the  hip ;  added  to 
this  is  a  sort  of  petticoat,  or  rather  tissue  of  white  cedar 
bark,  bruised  or  broken  with  small  strands,  and  woven 
into  a  girdle  by  several  cords  of  the  same  material. 

These  Indians,  as  a  tribal  nation,  have  en- 
tirely disappeared,  but  their  name  is  perpetu- 
ated by  a  small  county  on  the  coast  of  Wash- 
ington, north  of  the  Bay  of  Columbia. 

Practically  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  expedition 
reached  the  end  of  its  perilous  trip  across  the 
continent  on  November  15,  1805.  Of  this 
achievement  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica 
says :  "They  had  traveled  upwards  of  four 
thousand  miles  from  their  starting  point,  had 
encountered  various  Indian  tribes  never  before 
seen  by  whites,  had  made  scientific  collections 
and  observations,  and  were  the  first  explorers 


to  reach  the  Pacific  coast  by  crossing  the  con- 
tinent north  of  Mexico."' 

The  closing  statement  of  this  article  par- 
tially ignores  the  expeditions  of  Sir  Alexander 
Mackenzie  who,  while  he  did  not  cross  the 
continent  from  a  point  as  far  east  as  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  made  a  journey,  in  1789,  from  Fort 
Chipewyan,  along  the  great  Slave  Lake,  and 
down  the  river  which  now  bears  his  name,  to 
the  "Frozen  Ocean,"  and  a  second  journey  in 
1792-3  from  the  same  initial  point,  up  the 
Peace  and  across  the  Columbia  rivers,  and 
thence  westward  to  the  coast  of  the  Pacific,  at 
Cape  Menzies,  opposite  Queen  Charlotte 
Island.  Only  to  this  extent  is  the  statement 
of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  misleading, 
but  it  is  quite  evident  that  there  is  no  pro- 
nounced inclination  to  do  an  injustice  to  the 
memory  of  Mackenzie. 

The  Lewis  and  Clarge  party  passed  the 
following  winter  in  camp  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia.  Before  the  holidays  Captain  Clarke 
carved  on  the  trunk  of  a  massive  pine  this 
simple  inscription : 

WM.  CLARKE, 

DECEMBER     3,     1805,     BY    L.\XD     FROM     THE    U. 
STATES  IN   1804  AND  5. 

During  the  return  of  the  expedition  the 
Clarke  division  came  down  the  Yellowstone, 
in  Montana.  On  a  mass  of  saffron  sandstone, 
an  acre  in  base,  and  four  hundred  feet  high, 
called  Pompey's  Pillar,  twenty  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Horn  river,  about  half  way 
up,  the  following  is  carved  : 

WM.  CLARKE, 

JULY  25,   1806. 


CHAPTER    m. 


THE  OREGON   CONTROVERSY, 


The  strugggle  of  five  nations  for  possession 
of  "Oregon,"  a  domain  embracing  indefinite 
territory,  but  including  the  present  states  of 
Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho,  and  a  portion 
of  British  Columbia,  ran  through  a  century  and 
a  half,  and  culminated  in  the  "Oregon  Contro- 
versy" between  England  and  the  United  States. 
Through  forty  years  of  diplomatic  sparring, 
advances,  retreats,  demands,  concessions  and 
unperfected  compromises  the  contest  was 
waged  between  the  two  remaining  champions 
of  the  cause,  the  United  States  and  Great  Brit- 
ain. British  parlimentary  leaders  came  and 
went;  federal  administrations  followed  each 
other  successsively,  and  each  in  turn  directed 
the  talents  of  its  able  secretaries  of  state  to  the 
vital  point  in  American  politics,  Oregon. 

The  question  became  all  important  and  far 
reaching.  It  involved,  at  different  periods,  all 
the  cunning  diplomacy  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  backed  by  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
pounds  sterling;  it  brought  to  the  front  con- 
spicuously the  life  tragedy  of  a  humble  mis- 
sionary among  the  far  western  Indians,  Dr. 
Marcus  Whitman;  it  aroused  the  spirited  pa- 
triotism of  American  citizenship  from  Maine  to 
Astoria,  and  it  evoked  the  sanguinary  defi  from 
American  lips,  "Fifty-four  forty  or  fight." 

It  closed  with  a  compromise,  quickly,  yet 
effectually  consummated;  ratification  was  im- 
mediate, and  the  "Oregon  Controversy"  be- 
came as  a  tale  that  is  told,  and  from  a  live  and 
burning  issue  of  the  day  it  passed  quietly  into 
the  sequestered  nook  of  American  history. 

To  obtain  a  fairly  comprehensive  view  of 
this  question  it  becomes  necessary  to  hark 
back  to  1697,  the  year  of  the  Treaty  of  Rys- 


wick,   when    Spain   claimed,   as   her   share   of 
Xorth  America,  as  stated  by  William  Barrows  : 

On  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Romaine  on  the 
Carolina  shore,  a  few  miles  north  of  Charleston,  due 
west  to  the  Mississippi  river,  and  all  south  of  that  line 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  That  line  continued  beyond 
the  Mississippi  makes  the  northern  boundary  of  Louis- 
iana. In  the  valley  of  the  lower  Mississippi  Spain 
acknowledged  no  rival,  though  France  was  then  be- 
ginning to  intrude.  On  the  basis  of  discovery  by  the 
heroic  De  Soto  and  others,  she  claimed  up  to  the  head 
of  the  Arkansas  and  the  present  famous  Leadville,  and 
westward  to  the  Pacific.  On  that  ocean,  or  the  South 
Sea,  as  it  was  then  called,  she  set  up  the  pretensions  of 
sovereignty  from  Panama  to  Nootka  Sound  or  Van- 
couver. These  pretensions  covered  the  coasts,  harbors, 
islands  and  even  over  the  whole  Pacific  Ocean  as  then 
limited.  These  stupendous  claims  Spain  based  on  dis- 
covery, under  the  papal  bull  of  Alexander  VI,  in  1493. 
This  bull  or  decree  gave  to  the  discoverer  all  newly 
discovered  lands  and  waters.  In  1513  Balboa,  the  Span- 
iard, discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean,  as  he  came  over  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  so  Spain  came  into  the  owner- 
ship of  .that  body  of  water.  Good  old  times  those  were, 
when  kings  thrust  their  hands  into  the  new  world,  as 
children  do  theirs  into  a  grab-bag  at  a  fair,  and  drew- 
out  a  river  four  thousand  miles  long,  or  an  ocean,  or  a 
tract  of  wild  land  ten  or  fifteen  times  the  size  of 
England. 

Nor  was  France  left  out  at  the  Ryswick 
partition  of  the  world.  She  claimed  in  the 
south  and  in  the  north,  and  it  was  her  proud 
boast  that  from  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot 
along  the  entire  seaboard  to  the  unknown  and 
frozen  Arctic,  no  European  power  divided  that 
coast  with  her,  nor  the  wild  interior  back  of  it.  • 

At  the  date  of  this  survey,  1 697,  Russia  was 
quiescent.  She  claimed  no  possessions.  But 
at  the  same  time  Peter  the  Great,  and  his  minis- 
ters, were  doing  some  heavy  thinking.  Result* 
of  these  cogitations  were  afterwards  seen  in 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


the  new  world,  in  a  territory  known  for  many 
years  to  school  children  as  Russian  America, 
now  the  Klondj'ke.  Dawson,  Skaguay,  Bonan- 
za Creek,  the  Yukon  and — the  place  where  the 
gold  comes  from.  Russia  entered  the  lists ;  she 
became  the  fifth  competitor,  with  Spain,  Eng- 
land, France  and  the  United  States,  for  Ore- 
gon. 

Passing  over  the  events  of  a  hundred  years, 
years  of  cruel  wars ;  of  possession  and  dispos- 
session among  the  powers;  the  loss  by  France 
of  Louisiana  and  the  tragedy  of  the  Plains  of 
Abraham,  we  come  to  tlie  first  claims  of  Russia. 
She  demanded  all  the  Northwest  Coast  and  is- 
lands north  of  latitude  51  degrees  and  down 
the  Asiatic  coast  as  low  as  45  degrees,  50  min- 
utes, forbidding  "all  foreigners  to  approach 
within  one  hundred  miles  of  these  coasts  ex- 
cept in  cases  of  extremity."  Our  secretary  of 
state,  John  Quincy  Adams,  objected  to  this 
presumptuous  claim.  Emphatically  he  held  that 
Russia  had  no  valid  rights  on  that  coast  south 
of  the  55th  degree.  Vigorous  letters  were  ex- 
changed and  then  "the  correspondence  closed." 
Great  -Britain  took  sides  with  the  United 
States.  Our  protest  was  emphasized  by  pro- 
mulgation of  the  now  famous  "Monroe  Doc- 
trine," the  substance  of  which  lies  in  these 
words :  "That  the  American  continents,  by  the 
free  and  independent  condition  which  they 
have  assumed  and  maintained,  are  henceforth 
not  to  be  considered  as  subjects  for  coloniza- 
tion by  any  European  power." 

Subsequently  it  was  agreed  between  Russia 
and  the  United  States,  in  1824,  that  the  latter 
country  should  make  no  new  claim  north  of  54 
degrees,  40  minutes,  and  the  Russians  none 
south  of  it.  With  Great  Britain  Russia  made  a 
similar  compact  the  year  following,  and  for  a 
period  of  ten  years  this  agreement  was  to  be 
binding,  it  being,  however,  understood  that  the 
privilege  of  trade  and  navigation  should  be  free 
to  all  parties.  At  the  expiration  of  this  period 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  received 
notice   from   Russia  of  the  discontinuance  of 


their  navigation  and  trade  north  of  54  degrees, 
40  minutes. 

Right  here  falls  into  line  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company.  Between  Great  Britain  and  Russia 
a  compromise  was  effected  through  a  lease 
from  Russia  to  this  company  of  the  coast  and 
margin  from  54  degrees,  40  minutes,  to  Cape 
Spencer,  near  58  degrees.  Matters  were,  also, 
satisfactorily  adjusted  with  the  United  States. 

The  final  counting  out  of  Russia  from  the 
list  of  competitors  for  Oregon  dates  from  1836. 
During  a  controversy  between  England  and 
Russia  the  good  offices  of  the  United  States 
were  solicited,  and  at  our  suggestion  Russia 
withdrew  from  California  and  relinquished  all 
claims  south  of  54  degrees,  40  minutes.  And 
now  the  contest  for  Oregon  was  narrowed 
down  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States.  But  with  the  dropping  of  Russia  it 
becomes  necessary  to  go  back  a  few  years  in 
order  to  preserve  intact  the  web  of  this  history. 

On  May  16,  1670,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany was  chartered  by  Charles  11.  Headed  by 
Prince  Rupert  the  original  incorporators  num- 
bered eighteen.  The  announced  object  of  the 
company  was  "the  discovery  of  a  passage  into 
the  South  Sea" — the  Pacific  Ocean.  During 
the  first  century  of  its  existence  the  company 
really  did  something  along  the  lines  of  geo- 
graphical discovery.  Afterward  its  identity 
\\as  purely  commercial.  Twelve  hundred 
miles  from  Lake  Superior,  in  1 778,  the  eminent 
Frobisher  and  others  had  established  a  trading 
post,  or  "factory,"  at  Athabasca.  Fort  Chipew- 
yan  was  built  ten  years  later  and  Athabasca 
abandoned.  From  this  point  Mackenzie  made 
his  two  overland  trips  to  the  Pacific,  treated  in 
the  two  preceding  chapters.  Commenting 
upon  these  expeditions,  from  a  political  \-iew 
point,  William  Barrows,  in  the  "American 
Commonwealths"  series,  says: 

"The  point  reached  by  ^Mackenzie  on  the 
Pacific  is  within  the  present  limits  of  British 
Columbia  on  that  coast  (53  degrees,  21  min- 
utes), and  it  was  the  first  real,  though  unde- 


i6 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


signed  step  toward  the  occupation  of  Oregon  by 
Great  Britain.  That  government  was  feeling 
its  way,  daringly  and  blindly,  for  all  territory 
it  might  obtain,  and  in  1793  came  thus  near  the 
outlying  region  which  afterward  became  the 
coveted  prize  of  our  narrative."  (Oregon: 
the  Struggle  for  Possession.) 

Between  the  United  States  and  possession 
of  Oregon  stood,  like  a  stone  wall,  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company.  It  was  the  incarnation 
of  England's  protest  against  our  occupancy. 
Such  being  the  case  it  is  a  fortuitous  opportu- 
nity to  glance,  briefly,  at  the  complexion  of 
this  great  commercial  potentate  of  the  North- 
west Coast.  Aside  from  geographical  discov- 
eries there  was  another  object  set  forth  in  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  charter.  This  was 
"the  finding  of  some  trade  for  furs,  minerals 
and  other  considerable  commodities."  More- 
over an  exclusive  right  was  granted  by  the 
charter  to  the  "trade  and  commerce  of  all  those 
seas,  straits  and  bays,  rivers,  lakes,  creeks  and 
sounds,  in  whatsoever  latitude  they  shall  be, 
that  lie  within  the  entrance  of  the  straits  com- 
monly called  Hudson's  Straits."  The  charter 
extended,  also,  to  include  all  lands  bordering 
them  not  under  any  other  civilized  government. 

Such  ambiguous  description  covered  a  vast 
territory — and  Oregon.  And  of  this  domain, 
indefinitely  bounded,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany became  monarch,  autocrat  and  tyrant, 
rather  an  unpleasant  trinity  to  be  adjacent  to 
the  gradually  increasing  and  solidifying  do- 
minion of  the  United  States.  Then,  with  the 
old  company,  was  united  the  Northwestern 
Company,  at  one  time  a  rival,  now  a  compo- 
nent part  of  the  great  original  "trust"  of  the 
Christian  era.  The  crown  granted  to  the  new 
syndicate  the  exclusive  right  to  trade  with  all 
Indians  in  British  North  America  for  a  term 
of  twenty  years.  Their  hunters  and  trappers 
spread  themselves  throughout  the  entire  north- 
west of  North  America.  Their  fur  monopoly 
extended  so  far  south  as  the  Salt  Lake  basin 
of  the  modern  L^tah.     Rivals  were  bought  out. 


undersold  or  crushed.  The  company  held  at 
its  mercy  all  individual  traders  from  New 
Foundland  to  Vancouver ;  from  the  head  of  the 
Yellowstone  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie. 
With  no  rivals  to  share  the  field,  the  extent  of 
territory  under  the  consolidated  company  seems 
almost  fabulous — one-third  larger  than  all  Eu- 
rope; larger  than  the  United  States  of  to-day, 
Alaska  included,  by,  as  Mr.  Barrows  states, 
"half  a  million  of  square  miles."  And  it  was 
preparing,  backed  by  the  throne  of  England, 
to  swallow  and  assimilate  "Oregon."  Con- 
cerning this  most  powerful  company  Mr.  Bar- 
rows has  contributed  the  following  graphic  de- 
scription : 

"One  contemplates  their  power  with  awe 
and  fear,  when  he  regards  the  even  motion  and 
solemn  silence  and  unvarying  sameness  with 
which  it  has  done  its  work  through  that  dreary 
animal  country.  It  has  been  said  that  a  hun- 
dred years  has  not  changed  its  bills  of  goods 
ordered  from  London.  The  company  wants 
the  same  muskrat  and  beaver  and  seal ;  the  In- 
dian hunter,  unimproved,  and  the  half-breed 
European,  deterioating,  want  the  same  cotton 
goods,  and  flint-lock  guns  and  tobacco  and 
gew-gaws.  To-day  as  a  hundred  years  ago  the 
dog-sledge  runs  out  from  Winnipeg  for  its 
solitary  drive  of  five  hundred  or  two  thousand 
or  even  three  thousand  miles.  It  glides  silent 
as  a  spectre  over  those  snow-fields  and  through 
the  solemn,  still  forests,  painfully  wanting  in 
animal  life.  Eifty,  seventy,  and  hundred  days  it 
speeds  along,  and  as  many  nights  it  camps 
without  fire,  and  looks  up  to  the  same  cold 
stars.  At  the  intervening  points  the  sledge 
makes  a  pause,  as  a  ship,  having  rounded  Cape 
Horn,  heaves  to  before  some  lone  Pacific  is- 
land. It  is  the  same  at  the  trader's  hut  or  'fac- 
tory.' as  when  the  sledge  man's  grandfather 
drove  up  the  same  dogs,  the  same  half-breeds 
or  voyageurs  to  welcome  him,  the  same  foul, 
lounging  Indians,  and  the  same  mink-skin  in 
exchange  for  the  same  trinket.  The  fur  ani- 
mal and  its  purchaser  and  hunter,  as  the  land- 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


17 


scape,  seem  to  be  alike  under  the  same  immut- 
able law  of  nature  :— 

'■  'A  land  where  all  things  always  seem  the 
same,'  as  among  the  lotus-eaters.  Human  pro- 
gress and  Indian  civilization  have  scarcely- 
made  more  improvement  than  that  central, 
silent  partner  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company — 
the  beaver." 

Originally  the  capital  stock  of  this  com- 
pany, at  the  time  the  charter  was  granted  by 
Charles  II,  was  $50,820.  Through  profits 
alone  it  was  tripled  twice  within  fifty  years, 
going  as  high  as  $457,380,  without  any  addi- 
tional money  being  paid  in  by  stockholders. 
The  Northwest  Company  was  absorbed  in 
1 82 1  on  a  basis  of  valuation  equal  to  that  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Then  the  con- 
solidated capital  stock  was  $1,916,000,  of 
which  $1,780,866  was  from  profits.  And 
during  all  this  elapsed  period  an  annual  divi- 
dend of  ten  per  cent  had  been  paid  to  stock- 
holders. One  cargo  of  furs,  leaving  Fort 
George  for  London  in  1836,  was  valued  at 
$380,000.  In  1837  the  consolidated  company 
organized  the  Puget  Sound  Agricultural  Com- 
pany. This  was  intended  to  serve  as  an  offset 
to  encroachments  of  colonists  from  the  United 
States  which  settled  in  Oregon.  In  1846  the 
English  government  conceded  United  States 
claims  to  Oregon,  and  at  that  period  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  claimed  property  within 
the  territory  said  to  be  worth  $4,990,036.67. 

With  such  gigantic  and  powerful  competi- 
tion for  the  territory  of  Oregon  it  is  surprising 
that  even  as  determined  a  government  as  the 
United  States  should  have  succeeded  in  oust- 
ing it  from  its  trespass  on  our  property.  Nor 
could  this  have  been  accomplished  had  it  not 
been  for  the  pluck,  skill,  determination  and  in- 
domitable energy  of  our  hardy  pioneers.  While 
the  sale  of  rabbit  skins  alone  in  London,  in  one 
year,  ordinarily  amounted  to  thirteen  hundred 
thousand,  the  company  found  its  profit  also  in 
the  beaver,  land  and  sea-otter,  mink,  fisher, 
muskrat,  fox,  raccoon,  sable,  black,  brown  and 


grizzly  bear  and  buffalo.  And  in  search  for 
these  fur-bearing  animals  the  hunters  of  the 
company  braved  every  danger  and  spread 
themselves  over  the  wild  half  of  North  Amer- 
ica. So  far  from  carrying  out  the  provisions  of 
its  charter  relating  to  geographical  discovery, 
early  in  the  nineteenth  century  the  company 
threw  every  "obstacle  possible  in  the  way  of  such 
discoveries.  Evidently  it  feared  rivals.  Sir 
John  Barrow,  in  his  history  of  Arctic  Voyages, 
says :  "The  Northwest  Passage  seems  to  have 
been  entirely  forgotten,  not  only  by  the  ad- 
venturers who  had  obtained  their  exclusive 
charter  under  this  pretext,  but  also  by  the  na- 
tion at  large;  at  least  nothing  more  appears  to 
have  be^n  heard  on  the  subject  for  more  than 
half  a  century." 

And  what  of  the  darker  deeds  of  this  mys- 
terious, silent,  yet  powerful  commercial  aggre- 
gation? In  1719  it  refused  a  proposal  from 
Mr.  Knight  that  two  vessels  be  sent  by  him  to 
look  up  a  rumored  copper  mine  at  the  mouth 
of  an  arctic  river.  In  1741  the  company 
showed  signs  of  hostility  toward  a  Mr.  Dobbs, 
engaged  in  the  same  enterprise.  The  failure 
of  Captain  Middleton,  commissioned  by  the 
Lords  of  Admiralty  to  explore  northern  and 
western  waters  of  Hudson's  Bay,  is  attributed 
to  a  bribe  of  five  thousand  pounds  received 
from  the  company.  The  beacon  light  at  Fort 
York  was  cut  down  in  1 746  to  insure  the  com- 
plete wreck  of  an  exploring  party  then  aground 
in  that  vicinity.  Much  of  the  information  con- 
cerning auriferous  deposits  brought  back  by 
Mackenzie  from  his  two  journeys  was  sup- 
presed.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  set 
its  face  against  mineral  development.  Even 
that  industry  was  a  rival.  Following  the  assas- 
ination  of  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  by  Indians,  in 
1847,  one  of  the  suvivors  of  the  massacre  was 
refused  the  protection  of  Fort  Walla  Walla 
then  under  command  of  an  agent  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company.  On  the  whole  this  aggre- 
gation of  English  capital  seems  to  have  been 
as   antagonistic   to   English   enterprise   as   to 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


American  commerce,  but  all  the  time  working 
Jike  a  mole  under  ground. 

Previous  to  the  War  of  1812  England  had 
strenuously  urged  the  Ohio  as  the  western  limit 
of  the  colonies.  She  seduced  various  Indian 
tribes  to  oppose  western  immigration.  In  181 1 
General  Harrison,  afterward  president,  at- 
tempted to  hold  a  friendly  conference  with  the 
great  Tecumseh.  The  meeting  was  disrupted  by 
the  latter,  and  it  required  the  battle  of  Tippe- 
canoe to  teach  the  warriors  a  bloody  object  les- 
son. Then  followed  the  War  of  1812.  In  this 
Great  Britain  made  an  effort  to  recover  the 
northwest,  but  failed  signally.  But  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  was  England  in  North 
America.  And  when  the  nation  failed  the  com- 
mercial syndicate  succeeded — for  a  time.  While 
the  United  States  had  legal,  she  had  not,  owing 
to  the  interference  of  this  company,  actual  pos- 
session arid  occupancy. 

Following  the  close  of  the  Revolution  and 
the  treaty  of  1783,  an  attempt  was  made  to  run 
a  northern  boundary  for  the  United  States.  It 
looked  well  on  paper.  It  traversed  wild,  unex- 
plored territory  unkno^^'n  to  either  party  to  the 
agreement. 

"Thus,"  says  Barrows,  "the  northwest 
point  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  was  assumed 
for  one  bound  from  which  the  line  was  to  run, 
to  the  northwestern  point  of  the  lake  and  thence 
'due  west,'  to  the  Mississippi.  The  clause  in  the 
treaty  reads  thus:  'to  the  said  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  and  thence  through  the  said  lake  to 
the  most  northwestern  point  thereof,  and  from 
thence  on  a  due  west  course  to  the  river  Missis- 
sippi.' But  the  head  of  the  river  proved  to  be 
a  hundred  miles  or  more  to  the  south.  So  that 
little  prominence  in  our  otherwise  straight 
boundary  is  the  bump  of  ignorance  developed 
by  two  nations.  The  St.  Croix  was  fixed  by 
treaty  as  the  boundary  on  the  northeast,  but  a 
special  'Joint  Commission'  was  required  in 
1794  to  determine  'what  river  is  the  St. 
Croix,'  and  four  years  afterward  this  commis- 
sion called  for  an  addition  to  their  instructions 


since  their  original  ones  were  not  broad  enough 
to  enable  them  to  determine  the  true  St.  Croix." 

In  1 84 1  another  commission  ran  a  boun- 
dary from  the  head  of  the  St.  Croix,  by  the 
head  of  the  Connecticut,  to  the  St.  Lawrence; 
thence  through  the  middle  of  its  channel  and 
the  rniddle  of  the  lakes  to  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior,  occupying  the  whole  of  seven  years. 
And  yet  the  line  had  not  been  carried  through 
Lake  Superior  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  Fi- 
nally, in. 1 81 8,  this  was  done  and  an  agreement 
reached,  though  this  line  was  not  on  the  49th 
parallel,  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  to  the 
Rocky  Mounmtains,  the  line  that  was  offered 
by  Great  Britain,  accepted  by  one  administra- 
tion, refused  by  another,  and  iinally  adopted  in- 
stead of  "Fifty-four  forty  or  fight."  Still  the 
English  commission  was  loath  to  part  with  the 
Mississippi  valley.  They  asked  for  a  right  of 
way  to  the  headwaters  of  that  stream.  At  the 
same  time  the  southern  limits  of  their  northern 
possessions  did  not  come  within  one  hundred 
miles  of  the  source  of  the  Mississippi  from 
whence  its  waters  flow  more  than  three  thou- 
sand miles  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  com- 
mission, however,  abandoned  this  claim  and 
turned,  to  stand  resolutely  on  latitude  49  de- 
grees. During  negotiations  with  England,  in 
1818,  a  compromise  was  effected  which  pro- 
vided for  a  joint  occupation  of  Oregon  for  ten 
years.  In  1827  it  was  renewed,  to  run  indefin- 
itely, with  a  provision  that  it  could  be  termin- 
ated by  either  party  on  giving  one  year's  notice. 
The  Ashbur ton-Webster  treaty  of  1842  fixed 
the  line  between  the  St.  Croix  and  St.  Law- 
rence. In  1846  another  commission  failed  to 
accomplish  results  in  extending  a  line  to  the 
westXvard  through  their  inability  to  agree  on 
the  "middle  of  the  channel"  between  the  main- 
land and  Vancouver  Island. 

Not  until  1872  was  this  latter  question  de- 
cided. It  was  submitted  to  the  Emperor  of 
Germany  as  final  arbiter.  He  decided  favor- 
ably to  the  claim  of  the  United  States.  Thus 
this  boundary  question  was  prolonged  eighty- 


GENERAL    HISTORY, 


19 


nine  years,  under  eight  treaties  and  fifteen  spec- 
ifications, until  final  adjustment  in  its  entirety. 
The  Oregon  toundary  remained  in  dispute  up 
to  1847.  It  may  here  be  appropriately  re- 
marked that  the  Joint  Boundary  Commission 
of  1818,  agreeing  on  the  49th  parallel,  might 
have  carried  the  line  to  a  satisfactory  point  had 
they  not  been  stopped  by  fur  traders.  Two 
companies  were  then  attempting  to  gain  pos- 
session of  the  territory. 

The  expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clarke.  1804- 
6,  opened  the  eyes  of  England.     Jealous  lest 
Americans  should  gain  an  advantage.  Laroque 
was   sent  by  the   Northwestern    Companv   to 
sprinkle  the  Columbia  river  country  with  trad- 
ing  posts.      But   Laroque   gained   no    farther 
westing  than  the  IMandan  Lidian  village  on  the 
^Missouri.     Li  1806  Eraser,  having  crossed  the 
mountains,  made  the  first  English  settlement  by 
erecting  a  post  on  Eraser  Lake.     Others  soon 
followed  and  New  Caledonia  came  into  exist- 
ence.    It  had  remained  for  daring  frontiers- 
men to  open  the  dramatic  contest  for  posses-  | 
sion  of  Oregon.     Diplomats  and  ministers  had  I 
dallied  and  quibbed.     Now  the  contest  had  be-  1 
come  serious  and  earnest.     A  German  immi-  ' 
grant,  John  Jacob  Astor,  was  destined  to  play  a 
prominent  part  in  future  strategetic  movements 
for  this  possession.     At  forty  years  of  age  he 
was  established  in  the  fur  business  on  the  great 
lakes.    Later  he  had  another  post  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  river,  Astoria,  a  freight  port  1 
for  furs  incoming,  and  beads  and  trinkets  out- 
going.    In   1810  he  dispatched  an  expedition 
of  sixty  men  from  St.  Louis  to  the  Columbia. 
Efteen  months  after,  depleted  by  death,  the  sur- 
vivors reached  Astoria.     Another  company  of 
about  the  same  number  arrived  by  way  of  Cape 
Horn  some  time  earlier.    Other  ships  followed, 
and  in  1813  Mr.  Astor  sufifered  the  loss  of  the 
Lark,  shipwrecked  on  the  Sandwich,  now. the 
Hawaiian  Islands.    Nor  was  this  the  worst.   Of 
Mr.  Astor's  partners,  a  majority  had  sold  out 
to  the  Northwest  Eur  Company  of  Montreal, 
an  English  organization.     Property  which  Air. 


Astor  had  valued  at  $200,000  had  l)een  thrown 
away  for  $40,000.     He  saw  signs  of  treachery. 
But  so  far,  despite  these  handicaps,  he  had  out- 
witted his  competitors.     They  had  planned  to 
forestall  him  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia. 
The    failure    of    Laroque    had    defeated    this 
scheme.     Another  division  of  the  Northwest 
Company,  in  181 1,  had  attempted  to  reach  there 
ahead  of  the  sagacious  American  trader.     This 
party  was  snowbound  and  compelled  to  winter 
in  the  mountains.     When  they  eventually  ar- 
rived Astoria  was  a  reality.    The  importance  of 
j  these  events  is  worthy  of  notice.    Had  Laroque 
I  or  the  other  parties  anticipated  Astor.  strong 
[  and  cumulative  evidence  would  have  been  af- 
j  forded  England  of  prior  possession,  and  this 
evidence  would  have  been  a  powerful  leverage 
during  the  long  controversy  which   followed 
concerning  the  northern  boundary  of  Oregon. 
I         Then,  too,  the  defection  of  Astor's  partners 
I  who  had  sold  out  to  the  Northwest  Company 
i'  led  to  an  incident  in  the  Oregon  Controversy 
I  which  is  significant.    Mr.  Barrows  says  : 

"The  leading  partner  in  it,  and  the  one  who 
I  afterward  led  of?  in  its  sale,  received  them 
'  (■  representatives  of  the  Northwest  Company) 
in  a  friendly  and  hospitable  way,  and  not  as 
ri\als :  when  they  returned  from  their  vain 
expedition  he  supplied  them,  not  only  Avith  pro- 
visions, but  with  goods  for  trading  purposes 
up  the  river,  where  they  established  trading 
huts  among  the  Indians  and  became  rivals  of 
the  Americans,  Strange  to  say  when  the  ques- 
tion of  priority  of  occupation  and  national  sov- 
ereignty was  under  discussion  at  London,  fif- 
teen years  afterward,  the  English  put  in  these 
huts  of  this  returning  company,  as  proof  that 
the  English  were  as  early  if  not  earlier  in  the 
Columbia  than  the  Americans." 

Here  is  a  case  in  point  which  eloquently  il- 
lustrates the  supremacy  of  commercialism  over 
sentimental  statesmanship.  Astor's  partners 
had  turned  over  the  post,  practically,  to  the 
Northwestern  Company.  The  United  States 
had  been  solicited  by  Great  Britain,  previous  to 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


the  War  of  1812,  to  favor  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany as  against  Mr.  Astor,  and  this  request 
had  been  refused.  When  the  war  opened  Eng- 
land flamboyantly  dispatched  a  naval  force  to 
the  Columbia  under  orders  "to  take  and  destroy 
everything  American  on  the  Northwest  Coast." 
On  the  arrival  of  this  fleet  in  181 3,  the  com- 
mander had  the  barren  satisfaction  of  running 
up  the  English  colors  and  naming  the  post  St. 
George.  Already  it  had  passed  into  English 
hands  ^'ia  the  Northwest  Company. 

Bad  faith  of  his  partners  and  the  chances 
of  war  had,  temporarily  defeated  the  plans  of 
Mr.  Astor.  American  interests  on  that  coast 
were  under  a  cloud.  But  the  United  States  was 
destined  to  win  out.  The  War  of  18 12  was 
fairly  on.  It  had  been  declared  on  June  12, 
1812:  the  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  Decem- 
ber 14,  18 14.  It  contained  this  clause  ma- 
terially affecting  our  interests  in  Oregon :  "All 
territory,  places  and  possessions  whatsoever, 
taken  by  either  party  from  the  other  during  the 
^^.^j.  *  *  *  ghall  be  restored  without  de- 
lay." Did  this  provision  cover  Astoria?  Ap- 
parently the  English  thought  not,  for  when,  in 
181 7,  an  American  vessel  was  put  in  readiness 
to  occupy  that  post  Mr.  Bagot,  the  English 
minister  at  Washington,  opposed  it.  Two 
points  are  noted  in  his  protest:  The  post  had 
been  sold  to  the  Northwest  Company  prior  tq 
the  war:  therefore  never  captured.  Secondly, 
"the  territory  itself  was  early  taken  possession 
of  in  his  majesty's  name,  and  had  since  been 
considered  as  forming  a  part  of  his  majesty's 
domains."  But  repossession  was  granted 
despite  the  protest.  In  181 8  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  again  waved  over  Astoria  and  the  name 
"St.  George"  was  relegated  to  the  limbo  of  the 
obsolete. 

But  the  Oregon  Question  was  not  dead : 
only  hibernating.  It  sprang  into  life  at  the 
behest  of  the  eloquent  Rufus  Choate.  From  his 
seat  in  the  senate  he  said  : 

"Keep  your  eye  always  open,  like  the  eye 
of  your  own  eagle,  upon  the  Oregon.     Watch 


day  and  night.  If  any  new  developments  or 
policy  break  forth,  meet  them.  If  the  times 
change,  do  you  change.  New  things  in  a  new 
world.  Eternal  vigilance  is  the  condition  of 
empire  as  well  as  of  liberty." 

For  twenty-seven  years  the  threads  of  dip- 
lomatic delay  and  circumlocution  were  spun  out 
concerning  the  status  of  Oregon.  Theoret- 
ically Astoria  had  been  restored  to  us;  prac- 
tically the  Northwest  fur  traders  thronged  the 
land.  The  English  company  had  built  a  stock- 
ade fort.  It  looked  as  if  they  intended  to  hold 
possession  of  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  vie 
et  armis.  Indian  tribes  ranged  themselves  on 
the  side  of  the  English.  Their  minds  had  been 
poisoned;  insiduous  words  had  been  breathed 
into  their  ears  to  the  effect  that  the  Americans 
would  steal  their  lands ;  the  English  wanted 
only  to  trade  with  them  for  furs.  And  for  more 
than  ten  years  following  the  treachous  sale  of 
Astoria,  there  were  scarcely  any  Americans  in 
the  country.  Greenhow,  in  his  "History  of 
Oregon  and  California,"  declares  that  at  the 
period  when  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  was 
before  parliament,  in  1837,  asking  for  renewal 
of  its  charter,  they  "claimed  and  received  the 

I  aid  and  consideration  of  government  for  their 
energy  and  success  in  expelling  the  Americans 
from  the  Columbia  regions,  and  forming  set- 
tlements there,  by  means  of  which  they  were 

j  rapidly    converting    Oregon    into    a    British 

!  colony." 

!  Astoria  was  restored  to  the  United  States 
by  the  Treaty  of  Ghent  in  1814.     Yet  in  that 

I  document  there  is  no  allusion  made  to  the 
Northwest  Coast,  or  in  fact,  any  territory  west 
of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  Our  instructions  to 
the  American  plenipotentiaries  were  to  concede 
nothing  to  Great  Britain  south  of  the  forty- 
ninth  parallel.  Thus  the  question  was  left  in 
abeyance  with  no  defined  boundary  between 
English  and  American  territorj^  west  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods.  The  southern  boundary 
of  Oregon  was,  also,  in  doubt.  It  was  not 
definitely    fixed    until    the    Florida    Purchase. 


GENER.\L   HISTORY. 


Then  it  was  decided  tliat  parallel  forty-two,  on 
the  Pacific,  running  east  from  that  ocean  to  the 
Arkansas,  down  the  river  to  longitude  one  hun- 
dred; on  that  meridan  south  till  it  strikes  the 
Red  river;  down  the  Red  river  to  longitude 
ninety- four;  due  south  on  it  to  the  Sabine 
river;  and  down  the  Sabine  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  should  define  the  southern  and  western 
boundaries  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  of  1803. 
which  up  to  that  period  had  remained  indefin- 
ite. This  act  fixed,  also,  the  southern  boundary 
of  Oregon. 

Until  1820  congress  remained  dormant  so 
far  as  Oregon  interests  were  concerned.  Then 
it  was  suggested  that  a  marine  expedition  be 
dispatched  to  guard  our  interests  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  and  aid  immigration  from  the 
United  States.  Nothing  resulted.  In  182 1  the 
same  question  was  revived,  but  again  permitted 
to  relapse  into  desuetude.  Mr.  Barrows  does 
not  use  language  too  strong  when  he  says : 
"There  appeared  to  be  a  lack  of  appreciation 
of  the  case,  and  there  was  a  skepticism  and  leth- 
argy concerning  that  half  of  the  union,  which 
have  by  no  means  disappeared." 

In  18 14  the  question  having  been  reopened 
in  London  Mr.  Rush  claimed  for  the  United 
States  from  the  forty-second  to  the  fifty-first 
parallel.  This  section  would  embrace  all  the 
waters  of  the  Columbia.  Per  contra  the  Eng- 
lish demanded  possession  of  the  northern  half 
of  the  Columbia  basin.  This  would  have  given 
us.  as  the  northern  boundary,  of  Oregon,  the 
Columbia  river  from  a  point  where  it  intersects 
the  forty-ninth  parallel  to  its  mouth.  It  is  well 
to  examine,  at  this  point,  what  such  a  boundary 
would  have  meant  to  Washington.  Had  it  been 
accepted  there  would,  probably,  never  have  been 
any  state  of  Washington,  at  least,  not  as  sub- 
sequently defined.  It  would  have  meant  the 
loss  of  the  following  territory,  comprised  in 
the  counties  of  Klickitat,  Skamia,  Cowlitz, 
Clark,  Wahkiakum,  Pacific,  Chehalis,  Mason, 
Lewis,  Pierce,  Jefferson,  Clallam,  Kitsap,  King, 
Snohomish.  Skagit,  Whatcom.  Yakima,  Kitti- 


tas, Chelan,  Okanogan  and  Ferry,  a  territory 
comprising  forty-three  thousand,  se^'en  hun- 
dred and  sixteen  square  miles,  two-thirds  of 
the  area  of  the  present  state  of  Washington. 

Thus  remained  the  status  of  the  dispute  un- 
til 1828.  Joint  occupancy  had  now  continued 
ten  years.  It  must  be  conceded  that  the  coun- 
try, owing  to  this  provision,  was  now  numeri- 
cally British,  And  English  ministers  were 
eager  to  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages  of 
this  fact.  They  said :  "In  the  interior  of  the 
territory  in  question  the  subjects  of  Great 
Britain  have  had,  for  many  years,  numerous 
settlements  and  trading  posts — several  of  these 
posts  on  the  tributary  streams  of  the  Columbia, 
several  upon  the  Columbia  itself,  some  to  the 
northward  and  others  to  the  southward  of  that 
river,  *  *  *  j^  (.]^g  whole  of  the  territory 
in  question  the  citizens  of  the  LTnited  States 
have  not  a  single  settlement  or  trading  post. 
They  do  not  use  that  river,  either  for  the  pur- 
pose of  transmitting  or  receiving  any  produce 
of  their  own  to  or  from  other  parts  of  the 
world." 

Yet  why  was  this  the  condition  in  Oregon 
at  that  period  ?  Simply  because  the  aggressive- 
ness of  the  Northwestern  Company  had  op- 
posed American  colonization  and  fought  each 
and  every  advance  made  by  our  pioneers,  com- 
mercially and  otherwise.  Nor  can  it  be  denied 
that  for  many  years  Oregon  was  unappreciated 
by  the  east.  To-day  it  appears,  to  unreflecting 
minds,  an  extravagant  boast  to  say  that  only 
one-fifth  of  the  domain  of  the  United  States 
lies  east  of  the  Mississippi  river.  And  yet  the 
statement  is  true.  Only  in  1854  did  the  initial 
railway  gain  the  banks  of  the  Father  of  Waters 
— at  Rock  Island.  From  there  progress  to  the 
northwest  was,  for  many  years,  slow,  perilous 
and  discouraging.  Truly,  it  was  a  difficult 
matter  for  Oregon  to  assert  herself.  In  1828 
an  "Oregon  wave"  had  swept  over  congress, 
amid  considerable  feverish  interest  and  pro- 
longed eloquence.  Protracted  debate  was  had 
on  a  bill  to  survev  the  territorv  west  of  the 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


mountains  between  4J  degrees  and  54  degrees 
40  minutes,  garrison  the  land  and  extend  over 
it  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  The  measure 
was  defeated,  again  the  question  slumbered. 

But  the  daring  American  pioneers  of  the 
west  were  by  no  means  idle.  Unconsciously 
they  were  accomplishing  far  more  toward  a 
final  settlement  of  the  "Oregon  Question"  than 
all  the  tape-bound  documents  sleeping  in  the 
pigeon-holes  of  English  parliamentary  and 
American  congressional  archives.  Of  these 
pioneers  Captain  Bonneville  should  not  pass 
unnoticed.  He  was  of  the  army,  and  with  one 
hundred  of  his  men  he  made  a  two  years'  hunt- 
ing, trapping  and  fur-trading  expedition,  from 
the  Missouri  to  the  Colorado,  and  thence  to  the 
Columbia.  In  1832  Nathaniel  J.  Wyeth  or- 
ganized a  company  of  twenty-two  persons,  in 
^Massachusetts,  for  western  exploration.  En- 
thusiastic descriptions  of  Oregon,  written  by 
Hall  J.  Kelly,  had  contributed  greatly  to  awak- 
en this  interest  among  the  scholarly  young  men 
who  formed  Wyeth's  party.  On  July  4,  1832, 
they  had  arrived  at  Lewis'  Fork  of  the  Colum- 
bia. Among  them  were  sickness,  disappoint- 
ment and  insubordination.  Here  the  company 
divided.  Several  left  to  return  east;  among 
them  Jacob  and  John,  brothers  of  Captain 
Wyeth.  Nathaniel  Wyeth  and  his  remaining 
companions  reached  Snake  river,  and  one  hun- 
dred miles  north  of  Salt  Lake,  established  a 
trading  post.  He  was  ruined  by  the  ever  ag- 
gressive Hudson's  Bay  Company,  which  placed 
a  rival  post.  Fort  Boise,  below  Fort  Hall. 
British  ministers  had  impudently  declared  that 
Oregon  was  settled  by  Englishmen ;  that 
Americans  had  no  trading  posts  within  its  lim- 
its. And  why  not?  Read  the  following  from 
Mr.  Wyeth's  memoir  to  congress : 

"Experience  has  satisfied  me  that  the  entire 
weight  of  this  company  (Hudson  Bay)  will  be 
made  to  bear  on  any  trader  who  shall  attempt 
to  prosecute  his  business  within  its  reach. 
*  *  *  No  sooner  does  an  American  start 
in  this  region  than  one  of  these  trading  parties 


is  put  in  motion.  A  few  years  will  make  the 
country  west  of  the  mountains  as  completely 
English  as  they  can  desire." 

To  the  same  congressional  committee  Will- 
iam A.  Slocum,  in  a  report,  goes  on  record  as 
follows :  "No  individual  enterprise  can  com- 
pete with  this  immense  foreign  monopoly  es- 
tablished in  our  waters.  *  *  *  xhe  In- 
dians are  taught  to  believe  that  no  vessels  but 
the  Company's  ships  are  allowed  to  trade  in  the 
river,  and  most  of  them  are  afraid  to  sell  their 
skins  but  at  Vancouver  or  Fort  George." 

Small  wonder  that  at  this  time  there  were 
less  than  two  hundred  Americans  west  of  the 
Rockies.  And  Canadian  law,  by  act  of  par- 
liament, was  extended  throughout  the  region 
of  the  Columbia.  Theoretically  it  was  joint 
occupation ;  practically  British  monopoly.  So 
late  as  1844  the  British  and  Foreign  Review 
said,  brutally:  "The  interests  of  the  company 
are  of  course  adverse  to  colonization.*  *  * 
The  fur  trade  has  been  hitherto  the  only  chan- 
nel for  the  advantageous  investments  of  capital 
in  those  regions." 

Truly  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had 
adopted  a  policy  of  "multiplication,  division 
and  silence."  Because  meat  and  beef  conduced 
to  pastoral  settlements,  so  late  as  1836,  the 
company  opposed  the  introduction  of  catttle. 
One  of  the  missionaries  stationed  at  Moose 
Factory  has  written  this :  "A  plan  which  I  had 
devised  for  educating  and  training  to  some  ac- 
quaintance with  agriculture  native  children, 
was  disallowed.  *  *  *  \  proposal  made 
for  forming  a  small  Indian  village  near  Moose 
Factory  was  not  acceded  to;  and  instead,  per- 
mission only  given  to  attempt  the  location  of 
one  or  two  old  men,  no  longer  fit  for  engaging 
in  the  chase,  it  being  carefully  and  distinctly 
stated,  by  Sir  George  Simpson,  that  the  com- 

I  pany  would  not  give  them  even  a  spade  toward 
commencing  this  mode  of  life." 

]         In  1836  when  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  and  his 
party  were  entering  Oregon.  J.  K.  Townsend. 

I  a  naturalist  sent  from  Philadelphia  to  collect 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


23 


specimens  of  fauna  and  flora,  said  to  him  at 
Walla  Walla:  "The  company  will  be  glad  to 
have  you  in  the  country,  and  your  influence  to 
improve  their  servants  and  their  native  wives 
and  children.  As  to  the  Indians  you  have 
come  to  teach  they  do  not  want  them  to  be  any 
more  enlightened.  The  company  now  have 
absolute  control  over  them,  and  that  is  all 
they  require." 

And  right  here  is  the  crux  of  the  differences 
between  the  United  States  and  England  con- 
cerning the  territory  of  Oregon.  It  was  the 
aim  of  the  former  to  develop,  improve  and  civil- 
ize the  country ;  it  was  the  expressed  determina- 
tion of  the  latter  to  keep  it  in  darkness  and  sav- 
agery. For  in  North  America  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  was  England  and  English  states- 
men were  under  the  complete  domination  of 
this  company's  abject  commercialism.  It  has 
pleased  modern  English  writers  to  describe 
Americans  as  "a  nation  of  shop-keepers."  But 
throughout  the  whole  Oregon  controversy  the 
United  States  stoood  for  progress  and  civili- 
zation; England  for  the  long  night  of  ignor- 
ance and  barbarism — for  profit.  Summed  up 
by  Mr.  Barrows  the  relations  to  Oregon  of  the 
two  countries  were  as  follows  : 

"The  Americans  struck  Oregon  just  where 
the  English  failed,  in  the  line  of  settlements 
and  civilization.  One  carried  in  the  single  man 
and  the  other  the  family;  one,  his  traps  and 
snares,  the  other  his  seed  wheat  and  oats  and 
potatoes;  one  counted  his  muskrat  nests,  and 
the  other  his  hills  of  corn ;  one  shot  an  Indian 
for  killing  a  wild  animal  out  of  season ;  and 
the  other  paid  bounty  on  the  wolf  and  bear; 
one  took  his  newspaper  from  the  dog-mail 
twenty-four  or  thirty-six  months  from  date, 
and  the  other  carried  in  the  printing  press ;  one 
hunt^^  and  traded  for  what  he  could  carry  out 
of  the  country,  the  other  planted  and  builded 
for  what  he  could  leave  in  it  for  his  children. 
In  short  the  English  trader  ran  his  birch  and 
batteaux  up  tlie  streams  and  around  the  lakes  to 
bring  out  furs  and  peltries,  while  the  American 


immigrant  hauled  in  with  his  rude  wagon,  the 
nineteenth  century  and  came  back  loaded  with 
Oregon  for  the  American  union." 

In  1840  the  flow  of  American  immigration 
into  Oregon,  especially  the  missionaries,  Lee, 
Whitman  and  Parker,  alarmed  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company.  It  strenuously  opposed  the 
advent  of  wagons  and  carriages.  Immigrants 
were  lied  to  at  Fort  Hall;  were  told  that  it 
would  be  impossible  to  proceed  farther  on 
wheels.  It  is  recorded  that  on  this  account 
many  of  them  reached  Dr.  Whitman's  mission 
in  a  deplorably  destitute  condition.  But  all  the 
artifices  of  the  company  could  not  check  the 
hegira  from  the  east.  It  is  reserved  for  an- 
other chapter  to  relate  the  experiences  of  these 
pioneers.  We  have  to  do  here,  mainly,  with  the 
final  settlement  of  the  great  "Oregon  Ques- 
tion" between  England  and  the  United  States 
— the  political  struggle  for  sovereignty. 

In  1843  Sir  George  Simpson,  governor  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  who  had  made  a 
tour  of  the  continent,  challenged  us  in  these 
words :  "The  United  States  will  never  possess 
more  than  a  nominal  jurisdiction,  nor  long 
possess  even  that,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  And  supposing  the  country  to  be 
divided  tomorrow  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
the  most  unscrupulous  patriot  in  the  union,  I 
challenge  congress  to  bring  my  prediction  and 
its  power  to  the  test  by  imposing  the  Atlantic 
tariff  on  the  ports  of  the  Pacific." 

Thus  the  great  international  question  of 
tariff  was  brought  into  the  Oregon  Contro- 
versy. But  we  must  not  jump  to  the  conclusion 
that  Sir  George  was  without  some  foundation 
for  his  vaporous  remarks.  At  that  time  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  twenty-three  posts 
and  five  trading  stations  in  the  northwest ;  it 
had  absorbed  ten  rival  companies,  not  leaving 
one  American  or  Russian,  and  had  been  the 
means  of  putting  to  rout  seven  immigrant  ex- 
peditions seeking  homes  in  Oregon. 

The  Oregon  boundary  question  was  still  in 
dispute.     But  those  Americans  familiar  with 


24 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


the  subject  were  destined  to  temporary  disap- 
pointment. In  1827  it  had  been  referred, 
through  a  convention,  to  the  King  of  the 
Netherlands  as  arbiter.  Both  parties  to  the  dis- 
pute had  rejected  his  decision  in  1831.  Five 
efforts  had  been  made  to  adjust  the  boundary 
by  President  Jackson,  and  five  failures  had  re- 
sulted. The  administration  of  President  Van 
Buren  closed  with  the  matter  still  unsettled.  In 
1842  Lord  Ashburton  came  from  London  to 
negotiate  a  boundary  treaty  with  Daniel  Web- 
ster, secretary  of  state.  A  certain  boundary 
treaty  was  negotiated,  August  9,  1842,  the  two 
ministers  signed  it;  it  was  ratified  by  the  sen- 
ate on  the  25th:  by  the  Queen  soon  after,  pro- 
claimed on  November  10,  1842 — and  the  Ore- 
gon boundary  was  not  in  it.  Nothing  ofificial 
whatever  alluding  to  Oregon  was  found  there- 
in. The  only  boundary  touched  was  one  "be- 
ginning at  the  monument  at  the  source  of  the 
river  St.  Croix,"  terminating  at  the  Rocky 
Mountains  on  the  forty-seventh  parallel.  Little 
wonder  that  sectional  feeling  developed  in  the 
far  west. 

Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  whose  connection 
with  the  "Oregon  Question"  is  treated  in  an- 
other chapter,  had  arrived  in  Washington  too 
late  for  any  effectual  pleas  for  consideration  of 
the  matter  in  the  treaty  just  signed.  Still,  as 
Mr.  Barrows  says,  "The  pressure  of  Oregon 
into  the  Ashburton  treaty  would  probably  have 
done  one  of  three  things,  prevented  the  treaty 
altogether,  excluded  the  United  States  from 
Oregon,  or  produced  a  war.  Delay  and  ap- 
parent defeat  were  the  laasis  of  our  real  success, 
and  the  great  work  of  Marcus  Whitman,  by 
his  timely  presence  at  Washington,  was  in 
making  the  success  sure." 

With  Oregon  left  out  the  Ashburton  treaty 
had  been  ratified.  The  outlook  was,  indeed, 
gloomy.  As  a  reflex  of  the  insiduous  teachings 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  the  following 
extract  from  a  speech  delivered  by  Mr. 
McfDuffie  in  the  United  States  senate  is  inter- 
esting.   He  said : 


What  is  the  character  of  this  country  ?  Why,  as 
I  understand  it,  that  seven  hundred  miles  this  side  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  is  uninhabitable,  where  rain 
scarcely  ever  falls — a  barren  and  sandy  soil —  mountains 
totally  impassable  except  in  certain  parts,  where  there 
were  gaps  or  depressions,  to  be  reached  only  by  going 
some  hundreds  of  miles  out  of  the  direct  course.  Well, 
now,  what  are  we  going  to  do  in  a  case  like  this? 
How  are  you  going  to  apply  steam?  Have  you  made 
anything  like  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  a  railroad  run- 
ning from  here  to  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia?  Why, 
the  wealth  of  the  Indies  would  be  insufficient.  You 
would  have  to  tunnel  through  mountains  five  or  six 
hundred  miles  in  extent.  *  *  *  Of  what  use  will 
this  be  for  agricultural  purposes?  I  would  not,  for  that 
purpose,  give  a  pinch  of  snuff  for  the  whole  territory. 
I  wish  it  was  an  impassable  barrier  to  secure  us  against 
the  intrusion  of  others.  *  *  *  if  there  was  an  em- 
bankment of  even  five  feet  to  be  removed,  I  would  not 
consent  to  expend  five  dollars  to  remove  that  embank- 
ment to  enable  our  population  to  go  there.  I  thank 
God  for  his  mercy  in  placing  the  Rocky  Mountains 
there. 

At  the  time  this  speech  was  being  delivered 
Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  was  on  his  way  from 
Oregon  with  "the  facts  in  the  case,"  informa- 
tion destined  to  shed  a  flood  of  intelligence  on 
a  rather  benighted  congress.  And,  in  reality, 
our  country  was  rapidly  nearing  the  end  of  this 
interminable  controversy.  An  area  of  terri- 
tory sixty-three  times  the  size  of  Massachusetts 
and  four  times  as  large  as  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  was  about  to  come  under  the  protecting 
aegis  of  the  United  States  government.  The 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  declared,  through 
its  emissaries,  that  a  wagon  trip  to  Oregon  was 
an  impossibility.  The  same  sentiment  had  been 
voiced  in  the  United  States  senate.  It  remained 
for  Dr.  Whitman  to  prove  the  falsity  of  such  an 
audacious  statement.  He  led  a  party  of  two 
hundred  wagons  through  to  his  mission  on  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia,  arriving  in  October, 
1843.  And  this,  too.  against  vigorous  opposi- 
tion from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  at  Fort 
Hall.  Then  the  people  began  to  manifest  a 
lively  interest  in  the  question.  This  interest  had 
been  stimulated  in  December,  1842,  by  a  mes- 
sage from  President  Tyler,  in  which  he  said: 
"The  tide  of  population  which  has  reclaimed 
what  was  so  latelv  an  unbroken  wilderness  in 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


25 


more  contiguous  regions,  is  preparing  to  flow 
over  those  vast  districts  which  stretch  from  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  ad- 
vance of  the  acquirements  of  individual  rights 
sound  pohcy  dictates  that  every  effort  should 
be  resorted  to  by  the  two  governments  to  settle 
their  respective  claims."  January  8,  1843,  con- 
gress received  news  that  Dr.  Whitman  had 
made  good  his  claim,  and  reached  his  destina- 
tion, with  wagons,  in  Oregon.  Party  spirit, 
for  there  were  two  parties  to  the  Oregon  Con- 
troversy, aside  from  the  British,  ran  high.  Dr. 
Winthrop  said:  "For  myself,  certainly,  I  be- 
lieve that  we  have  as  good  a  title  to  the  whole 
twelve  degrees  of  latitude,"  i.  e.,  up  to  54  de- 
grees 40  minutes.  Senator  Thomas  Benton 
voiced  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  the  time  in 
these  words:  "Let  the  emigrants  go  on  and 
carry  their  rifles.  We  want  thirty  thousand 
rifles  in  the  valley  of  the  Oregon;  they  will 
make  all  quiet  there,  in  the  event  of  a  war  with 
Great  Britain  for  the  dominion  of  that  coun- 
try. The  war,  if  it  come,  will  not  be  topical ; 
it  will  not  be  confined  to  Oregon,  but  will  em- 
brace the  possessions  of  the  two  powers 
throughout  the  globe.  Thirty  thousand  rifles  on 
the  Oregon  will  anihilate  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  and  drive  them  off  our  continent  and 
quiet  the  Indians." 

Rufus  Choate  spoke  for  peace.  He  was 
followed  by  pacificatory  utterances  from  others. 
Still,  there  was  sufficient  vitality  in  the  "Fifty- 
four  forty  or  fight"  to  elect  President  Polk  on 
such  a  campaign  issue.  The  population  of  Ore- 
gon at  the  close  of  1844  was  estimated  by  Mr. 
Greenhow  at  more  than  three  thousand.  The 
Indian  agent  for  the  government,  Mr.  White, 
placed  it  at  about  four  thousand;  Mr.  Hines 
said :  "In  1845  't  increased  to  nearly  three 
thousand  souls,  with  some  two  thousand  to 
three  thousand  head  of  cattle."  The  west  was 
warm  with  zeal  and  anticipation.  In  the  house 
of  representatives  Mr.  Owen,  of  Indiana,  said : 
"Oregon  is  our  land  of  promise.  Oregon  is  our 
land  of  destination.     'The  finger  of  nature' — 


such  were  once  the  words  of  the  gentleman 
from  Massachusetts  (J.  Q.  Adams)  in  regard 
to  this  country, — 'points  that  way;'  two 
thousand  Americans  are  already  dwelling  in 
her  valleys,  five  thousand  more  *  *  *  ^jjj 
have  crossed  the  mountains  before  another  year 
rolls  round."  It  was  the  opinion  of  the  senator 
from  Illinois,  Mr.  Semple,  that  ten  thousand 
would  cross  the  Rocky  Mountains  the  follow- 
ing year. 

At  last  a  re-okuion  was  introducea  in  con- 
gresss  "affirming  Oregon  to  be  part  and  parcel 
of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  from  42 
degrees  to  54  degrees,  40  minutes,  and  that 
notice  should  be  given  at  once  to  terminate  the 
joint  occupation  of  it."  It  was  held  on  the  floor 
of  the  house  that  "no  doubts  now  remain  in 
the  minds  of  American  statesmen  that  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  held  a  clear  and 
unquestionable  title  to  the  whole  of  the  Oregon 
territory." 

In  the  region  at  this  time  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  had  about  thirty  "trading  posts." 
Really  they  were  forts  and  powerful  auxiliaries 
to  an  internecine  war.  Seven  thousand  citizens 
of  the  United  States  were  in  the  same  country. 
The  question  of  another  war  with  England  had 
become  a  live  and  important  issue.  To  have 
stood  solidly  for  54  degrees,  40  minutes,  would 
have  meant  war,  and  as  one  gentleman  ex- 
pressed it,  "a  war  that  might  have  given  the 
whole  of  Oregon  to  England  and  Canada  to  the 
United  States."  During  forty  days  the  ques- 
tion of  giving  notice  to  England  of  discontinu- 
ance of  joint  occupancy  was  discussed  in  the 
house.  It  was  carried  by  a  vote  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-three  to  fifty-four.  The 
struggle  in  the  senate  was  longer.  An 
idea  of  the  engrosoing  nature  of  the 
Oregon  topic  may  be  gleaned  from  the 
fact  that  three  score  bills  and  resolutions  were 
kept  in  abeyance  on  the  calendar  for  future  ac- 
tion. Daniel  Webster  prophesied  that  war 
would  not  result;  that  the  incident  would  be 
closed  by  compromise  and  that  the  compromise 


26 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


would  be  on  the  boundary  line  of  the  forty- 
ninth  parallel.  The  attitude  of  the  two  coun- 
tries was  this :  We  had  offered  forty-nine  de- 
grees from  the  mountains  to  the  Pacific  ocean, 
not  once,  but  several  times;  England  had  of- 
fered forty-nine  degrees  from  the  mountains  to 
the  Columbia,  and  by  that  stream  to  the  sea.  A 
comparatively  narrow  triangle  of  land  only  lay 
between  the  demands  of  England  and  conces- 
sions of  the  United  States.  Most  excellent 
grounds  for  a  compromise.  April  23,  1846, 
the  notice  passed  the  house  by  a  vote  of  forty- 
two  to  ten,  with  important  amendments  strong- 
ly suggestive  to  both  governments  to  adjust 
all  differences  amicably.  No  one  longer  feared 
war. 


From  the  point  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north 
latitude  where  the  boundry  laid  down  in  existing 
treaties  and  conventions  between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britian  terminates,  the  line  of  boundary  between 
the  territories  of  the  United  States  and  those  of  her 
Britannic  Majesty  shall  be  continued  westward  along 
said  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle 


of  the  channel  which  separates  the  continent  from  Van- 
couver's Island,  and  thence  southerly  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  said  channel,  and  of  Fucca's  Strait,  to  the 
Pacific  ocean :  Provided,  however,  that  the  navigation 
of  the  whole  of  the  said  channel  and  straits  south  of 
the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  remain  free 
and  open  to  both  parties. 

Thus  reads  the  first  article  of  the  final 
boundary  treaty  between  England  and  the  Uni- 
ted States,  so  far  as  concerns  Oregon.  But  to 
mould  it  into  this  form  and  sign  the  same,  fifty- 
four  years,  two  months  and  six  days  had  been 
required  by  the  two  countries.  On  July  17, 
1846,  the  document,  previously  ratified,  was 
exchanged  in  London  between  the  two  govern- 
ments. But  Captain  Robert  Gray,  of  Boston, 
had  discovered  the  Columbia  river  May  11, 
1792,  and  fully  established  a  United  States 
title  to  the  country  which  it  drains.  It  re- 
mained yet  for  a  boundary  commission,  in 
1857,  to  run  the  line.  The  first  meeting  of  the 
commission  was  held  July  27,  of  the  same 
year. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


TRAGEDY  OF  WHITMANS'  MISSION. 


"Who  will  respond  to  go  beyond  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  carry  the  Book  of  Heaven?" 

This  was  the  startling  question  asked  by 
President  Fisk,  of  Wilbraham  College.  It  was 
an  editorial  inquiry  published  in  the  Christian 
Advocate  in  March,  1833.  Yet  this  ringing 
call  for  spiritual  assistance  was  not  initiative 
on  the  part  of  President  Fisk.  A  Macedonian 
cry  had  been  voiced  by  four  Flathead  Indians, 
of  the  tribe  of  Nez  Perces,  or  Pierced-noses. 
They  had  come  down  to  St.  Louis  from  the 
headwaters  of  the  Columbia,  the  Snake,  Lewis 
or   Clarke's   rivers,   far  to   westward   of   the 


Rocky  Mountains.  They  were  strangers  in  a 
strange  land;  almost  as  singular  in  dress, 
speech  and  accoutrements  to  the  citizens  of  St. 
Louis  as  would  be  visitors  to  us  from  the 
planet  Mars.  Yet  in  their  distant  teepees 
among  the  western  foothills  of  the  Rockies, 
these  four  chiefs  had  heard  of  the  "White 
Man's  Book"  from  eager,  pushing,  tireless  and 
resourceful  pioneers  who  had  followed  the  trail 
made  by  Lewis  and  Clarke.  Alone  and  un- 
assisted by  government  appropriation,  they 
had  followed  the  same  course  down  the  Mis- 
souri and  the  Father  of  Waters  three  thousand 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


27 


miles  to  St.  Louis.  This  was  in  1832.  The 
peculiar  mission  of  these  Lidians  was  the  open- 
ing act  of  the  Whitman  tragedy.  ]\Ir.  Barrows 
says :  "The  massacre  ran  riot  through  eight 
days,  and  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  and  wife,  of 
the  American  Board,  and  thirteen  or  more  as- 
sociates, were  savagely  killed  on  the  29th  of 
November,  1847,  ^"d  days  following.  It  was 
the  bloody  baptism  of  Oregon,  by  the  like  of 
which  the  most  of  the  American  states  have 
come  to  form  the  union." 

At  the  period  of  the  arrival  of  these  four 
Nez  Perce  chiefs  Indians  were  not  an  uncom- 
mon sight  in  St.  Louis.  At  certain  seasons  the 
suburbs  of  the  city  were  fringed  with  teepees 
and  wickiups.  So,  at  first,  but  little  attention 
was  paid  to  them,  otherwise  than  to  note  their 
strange  dress  and  unknown  dialect.  It  is  not 
difficult  to  gather  how  they  had  learned  of  the 
White  Man's  Book.  Their  own  rude  eloquence 
addressed  to  General  William  Clarke  at  part- 
ing conveys  this  information.  After  a  long 
time  passed  in  the  city,  after  two  of  them  had 
gone  to  the  happy  hunting  ground,  the  survi- 
vors made  their  desires  known,  and  it  appears 
their  request  was,  perforce,  denied.  Transla- 
tion of  the  Bible  into  an  Indian  dialect  is  not 
the  work  of  a  few  days  or  months.  The  two 
remaining  Indians  decided  to  return  home; 
their  mission  a  failure.  The  pathos  of  their 
complaint  is  in  the  spirit,  if  not  the  words,  of 
one  of  the  chiefs  in  his  farewell  speech  to  Gen- 
eral Clarke : 

'T  come  to  you  over  a  trail  of  many  moons 
from  the  setting  sun.  You  were  the  friend  of 
my  fathers  who  have  all  gone  the  long  way. 
I  come  with  one  eye  partly  opened,  for  more 
light  for  my  people  who  sit  in  darkness.  I  go 
back  with  both  eyes  closed.  How  can  I  go 
back  blind  to  my  blind  people?  I  made  my 
way  to  you  with  strong  arms,  through  many 
enemies  and  strange  lands,  that  I  might  carry 
back  much  to  them.  I  go  back  with  both  arms 
broken  and  empty.  The  two  fathers  who  came 
with  us — the  braves  of  manv  winters  and  wars 


— we  leave  here  by  your  great  waters  and  wig- 
wam. They  were  tired  in  many  moons  and 
their  moccasins  wore  out.  My  people  sent  me 
to  get  the  ^\'hite  Man's  Book  of  Heaven.  You 
took  me  to  where  you  allow  your  women  to 
dance,  as  we  do  not  ours,  and  the  Book  was  not 
there.  You  took  me  to  where  they  worshipped 
the  great  spirit  with  candles,  and  the  Book  was 
not  there.  You  shewed  me  the  images  of  good 
spirits  and  pictures  of  the  good  land  beyond, 
but  the  Book  was  not  amnog  them  to  tell  us 
the  way.  I  am  going  back  the  long,  sad  trail 
to  my  people  of  the  dark  land.  You  make  my 
feet  heavy  with  burdens  ai  gifts,  and  my  moc- 
casins will  grow  old  in  carrying  them,  but  the 
Book  is  not  among  them.  When  I  tell  my 
poor,  blind  people,  after  one  more  snow,  in  the 
big  council,  that  I  did  not  bring  the  Book,  no 
word  will  be  spoken  by  our  old  men  or  by  our 
young  braves.  One  by  one  they  will  rise  up 
and  go  out  in  silence.  My  people  will  die  in 
darkness,  and  they  will  go  on  the  long  path  to 
the  other  hunting  grounds.  No  white  man 
will  go  with  them  and  no  White  Man's  Book 
to  make  the  way  plain.  I  have  no  more 
words." 

Of  this  utter  failure  to  secure  a  copy  of  the 
Bible,  Mr.  Barrows  says,  pertinently : 

"In  what  was  then  a  Roman  Catholic  city 
it  was  not  easy  to  do  this,  and  officers  only  were 
met.  It  has  not  been  the  policy  or  practice  of 
that  church  to  give  the  Bible  to  the  people, 
whether  Christian  or  pagan.  They  have  not 
thought  it  wise  or  right.  Probably  no  Chris- 
tian enterprises  in  all  the  centuries  have  shown 
more  self-sacrificing  heroism,  foreseen  suffer- 
ing and  intense  religious  devotion  than  the  la- 
borers of  that  church,  from  1520,  to  give  its 
type  of  Christianity  to  the  natives  of  North 
America.  But  it  was  oral,  ceremonial  and  pic- 
torial. In  the  best  of  their  judgment,  and  in 
the  depths  of  their  convictions,  they  did  not 
think  it  best  to  ruduce  native  tongues  to  writ- 
ten languages  and  the  Scriptures  to  the  vernac- 
ular of  any  tribe." 


28 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


But  the  eloquence  of  this  speech  had  fallen 
on  appreciative  ears.  A  young  clerk  in  Gen- 
eral's Clarke's  office,  who  had  heard  the  sad 
plaint  of  the  chief,  wrote  to  George  Catlin.  in 
Pittsburg,  historian  and  painter,  an  account  of 
the  scene.  Thereafter  events  moved  rapidly; 
the  seed  was  sown  and  the  harvest  was  about 
to  be  fulfilled.  One  Indian  only  lived  to  return 
to  his  people,  without  the  Book,  but  it  cannot 
be  said  that  his  mission  was  a  failure.  The  edi- 
torial appeal  of  President  Fisk  produced  re- 
sults. Measures  were  at  once  taken  by  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  For- 
eign Missions,  and  the  Methodist  Board  of 
Missions  to  send  missionaries  to  Oregon. 
Revs.  Jason  and  David  Lee  were  pioneers  in 
this  scriptural  crusade.  They  went  under  ap- 
pointment of  the  Methodist  Board.  They  were 
followed  the  next  year  by  Revs.  Samuel  Par- 
ker and  Marcus  Whitman,  M.  D.,  sent  by  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners.  In  the 
summer  of  1835  the  latter  arrived  at  the  Amer- 
ican rendezvous  on  Green  river.  Accompanied 
by  a  body  of  Nez  Perces,  from  which  people 
the  four  chiefs  had  gone  to  St.  Louis,  Rev. 
Mr.  Parker  went  to  Walla  Walla  and  on  to 
Vancouver.  And  with  him  he  carried  the 
"Book."  Dr.  Whitman  returned  to  the  states 
the  same  fall,  married  Narcissa  Prentice,  and 
organized  an  outfit  with  which  he  returned, 
with  his  bride,  to  Oregon,  arriving  at  Walla 
Walla  in  September,  1836. 

The  question  as  to  whether  or  no  Dr.  Whit- 
man "saved  Oregon  to  the  United  States"  will 
remain  forever  a  question  of  casuistry.  Events 
might  have  shaped  themselves  as  they  subse- 
quently did,  had  Whitman  not  made  his  long 
midwinter  ride  to  Washington,  D.  C,  to  lay 
his  facts  and  fears  before  the  president.  Every- 
thing might  have  resulted  in  the  retention  by 
the  United  States  of  all  of  Oregon  south  of  the 
49th  parallel,  had  no  warning  crv'  come  from 
the  far  northwest,  a  culverin  shot  announcing 
the  attempt  of  England  to  seize  the  country, 
not  only  by  force  of  majority  colonization,  but 


through  artifices  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany. At  a  dinner  in  Waiilatpu,  attended  by 
Dr.  Whitman,  news  was  received  that  a  colony 
of  English,  one  hundred  and  forty  strong,  were 
then  near  Fort  Colville,  three  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  up  the  Columbia.  A  young  priest  leaped 
to  his  feet,  threw  his  cap  into  the  air  and  cried : 
"Hurrah  for  Oregon!  America  is  too  late 
and  we  have  got  the  country!" 

This  is  but  one  of  the  many  significant 
signs  witnessed  by  Whitman.  He  was  a  man 
of  foresight;  he  had  seen  and  realized  the 
wealth,  position  and  future  possibilities  of  Ore- 
gon as  had  no  other  American  at  that  period. 
And  he  rode  on  to  Washington  and  told  his 
story.  It  will  be  read  in  the  preceding  chapter 
that  not  until  he  had  done  so  did  the  American 
congress  act.  Of  the  personality  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man one  who  knew  him  contributes  the  follow- 
ing picture : 

"IMarcus  Whitman  once  seen,  and  in  our 
family  circle,  telling  of  his  one  business — he  had 
but  one — was  a  man  not  to  be  forgotten  by  the 
writer.  He  was  of  medium  height,  more  com- 
pact than  spare,  a  stout-  shoulder,  and  large 
head  not  much  above  it,  covered  with  stiff, 
iron  gray  hair,  while  his  face  carried  all  the 
moustache  and  whiskers  that  four  months  had 
beeen  able  to  put  on  it.  He  carried  himself 
awkardly,  though  perhaps  courteously  enough 
for  trappers,  Indians,  mules  and  grizzlies,  his 
principal  company  for  six  years.  He  seemed 
built  as  a  man  for  whom  more  stock  had  been 
furnished  than  worked  in  symmetrically  and 
gracefully.  There  was  nothing  peculiarly 
quick  in  his  motion  or  speech,  and  no  trace  of  a 
fanatic;  but  under  control  of  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  his  business,  and'  with  deep,  ar- 
dent convictions  about  it,  he  was  a  profound 
enthusiast.  A  willful  resolution  and  a  tena- 
cious earnestness  would  impress  you  as  making 
the  man." 

Sordid  motives  have  been  attributed  to  Dr. 
Whitman's  efforts  in  behalf  of  Oregon.  One 
writer  has  assumed  that  his  sole  object  was  to 


GENE-RAL    HISTORY. 


29 


secure  continuance  of  his  little  mission  at 
Waiilatpu.  But  there  is  abundance  of  evidence 
that  his  ideas  were  of  broader  scope  than  this. 
Let  it  be  noted  that  efforts  to  depreciate  Whit- 
man suddenly  ceased  as  late  as  1891.  That 
year  there  was  found  in  the  archives  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  a  letter  from  him  proposing  a 
bill  for  a  line  of  forts  from  the  Kansas  river  to 
the  Willamette.  In  the  Walla  Walla  Union- 
Journal  of  August  15,  1891,  the  letter  was  first 
published.  It  has  been  reproduced  in  Dr.  O. 
W.  Nixon's  •  work,  "How  Marcus  Whitman 
Sa\-ed  Oregon :" 

To  the  Hon.  James  W.  Porter,  Secretary  of  War : 
Sir : — In  compliance  with  the  request  you  did  me  the 
honor  to  make  last  winter  while  at  Washington,  I 
herewith  transmit  to  you  the  synopsis  of  a  bill,  which, 
if  it  could  be  adopted,  would,  according  to  my  exper- 
ience and  observation,  prove  highly  conducive  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  United  States  generally;  to  Oregon, 
where  I  have  resided  for  more  than  seven  years  as  a 
missionary,  and  to  the  Indian  tribes  that  inhabit  the 
intermediate  country. 

The  government  will  doubtless  for  the  first  time 
be  apprised  through  you,  and  by  means  of  this  communi- 
cation, of  the  immense  migration  of  families  to  Oregon, 
which  has  taken  place  this  year.  I  have,  since  our  in- 
terview, been  instrumental  in  piloting  across  the  route 
described,  in  the  accompanying  bill,  and  which  is  the 
only  eligible  wagon  road,  no  less  than  fam- 
ilies, consisting  of  one  thousand  persons  of  both  sexes, 
with  their  wagons,  amounting  in  all  to  one  hundred  and 
twenty-six ;  six  hundred  and  ninety-four  oxen  and 
seven  hundred  and  seventj'-three  loose  cattle. 


Your  familiarity  with  the  government's  policy, 
duties  and  interests,  render  it  unnecessary  for  me  to 
more, than  hint  at  the  several  objects  intended  by  the  en- 
closed bill,  and  any  enlargements  upon  the  topics  here 
suggested  as  inducements  to  its  adoption,  would  be  quite 
superflous,  if  not  impertinent.  The  very  existence  of 
such  a  system  as  the  one  above  recommended  suggests 
the  utility  of  postoffices  and  mail  arrangements,  which 
it  is  the  wish  of  all  who  now  live  in  Oregon  to  have 
granted  them,  and  I  need  only  add  that  the  contracts 
for  this  purpose  will  be  readily  taken  at  reasonable  rates 
for  transporting  the  mail  across  from  Missouri  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  in  forty  days,  with  fresh  horses 
at  each  of  the  contemplated  posts.  The  ruling  policy 
proposed,  regards  the  Indians  as  the  police  of  the 
country,  who  are  to  be  relied  upon  to  keep  the  peace, 
not  only  for  themselves,  but  to  repel  lawless  white  men 
and  prevent  banditti,  under  the  solitary  guidance  of  the 
superintendent   of   the   several   posts,   aided   by   a   well- 


directed  system  to  induce  the  punishment  of  crimes. 
It  will  only  be  after  the  failure  of  these  means  to  pro- 
cure the  delivery  or  punishment  of  violent,  lawless  and 
savage  acts  of  aggression,  that  a  band  or  tribe  should 
be  regarded  as  conspirators  against  the  peace,  or  pun- 
ished accordingly  by  force  of  arms. 

Hopmg  that  these  suggestions  may  meet  3'our  ap- 
probation, and  conduce  to  the  future  interests  of  our 
growing  country,  I  have  the  honor  to  he.  Honorable 
sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

MARCUS  WHITMAN. 

Certainly  it  is  reasoning  from  slender,  un- 
substantial premises  to  assert  that  the  great  in- 
fluence exerted  upon  President  Tyler  and  Sec- 
retary Webster  by  Whitman  was  founded  on 
so  slight  a  pretext  as  saving  to  him,  personally, 
the  humble  mission  at  Waiilatpu.  Whitman 
must  have  been  a  man  with  "an  idea,"  larger 
than  that  to  have  commanded  respect  from  the 
ablest  statesmen  of  his  day ;  to  have  crystalized 
public  sentiment  into  a  desire  for  the  whole  of 
Oregon;  to  have  smelted  patriotism  into  the 
heraldic  proclamation  of  defiance  to  England, 
"Fifty-four  forty  or  fight." 

If  Whitman  were  purely  selfish,  why  should 
he  have  announced  his  intention,  in  1843,  of 
personally  conducting  a  large  train  across  the 
mountains?  Security  of  his  mission  did  not 
depend  on  this.  On  the  contrary  the  advance 
of  civilization,  with  attendant  churches,  would 
tend  to  do  away  entirely  with  missions  to  the 
Indians. 

As  we  approach  the  melancholy  close  of  Dr. 
Whitman's  varied  career  as  explorer,  mission- 
ary and  statesman,  one  can  not  fail  to  be  im- 
pressed with  a  feeling  that  less  devotion  to  a 
patriotic  sense  of  duty  would  have  conduced  to 
his  personal  safety.  Two  antagonists  were  ar- 
rayed against  him  and  his  political,  as  well  as 
his  spiritual,  plans ;  primarily  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  and  the  Indians,  indirectly  influ- 
enced by  the  same  commercial  corporation.  The 
policy  of  the  company  was  to  keep  the  country 
in  the  condition  of  a  vast  game  preserve  for  the 
purpose  of  breeding  fur-bearing  animals. 
Naturally  this  pleased  the  Indians.  It  was  di- 
rectly in  line  with  their  mode  of  life.    The  pol- 


30 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


icy  of  American  colonization  was  smybolized 
by  the  axe  and  the  plow ;  complete  demolition 
of  profitable  hunting  grounds.  And  of  this 
latter  policy  Dr.  Whitman  was  high  priest  and 
propagandist. 

Since  the  discovery  of  America  Indian  wars 
have  been  like 

"Freedom's  battle,  once  begun, 
Bequeathed  by  bleeding  sire  to  son." 

In  a  letter  written  by  Washington  to  Jay, 
in  1794,  the  first  president  says:  "There  does 
not  remain  a  doubt  in  the  mind  of  any  well- 
informed  person  in  this  country,  not  shut 
against  conviction,  that  all  the  difficulties  we 
encounter  with  the  Indians,  their  hostilities,  the 
murders  of  helpless  women  and  innocent  chil- 
dren along  our  frontiers,  result  from  the  con- 
duct of  the  agents  of  Great  Britain  in  this 
country."  Historical  justice  demands,  how- 
ever, that  we  assign  the  primary  cause  of  the 
Whitman  massacre  to  the  entagling  circum- 
stances of  the  Indians  on  the  Columbia,  under 
two  rival  peoples  and  conflicting  policies.  Also 
the  general  character  of  the  Indians  as  uncivil- 
ized and  superstitious,  must  be  duly  considered. 
Before  the  tragedy,  as  since,  many  Americans 
were  cruel,  deceitful  and  aggressive  in  their 
treatment  of  the  unsophisticated  savage.  Those 
who  have  philosophically  watched  the  trend  of 
current  events  in  the  past  twenty-five  years  need 
not  be  told  that  more  than  one  Indian  outbreak 
can  be  directly  traced  to  low  cupidity  and 
peculation  among  our  government  officials.  To 
a  certain  extent  this  cruelty  and  deception  had 
been  practiced  upon  the  Indians  by  lawless 
white  men  prior  to  the  Whitman  massacre.  To- 
day we  can  not  come  into  court  with  clean 
hands  for  the  purpose  of  accusing  the  English 
pioneers  of  Oregon.  If  their  policy  was  one 
designed  to  check  the  march  of  western  civili- 
zation, it  was  certainly  devoid  of  the  sometimes 
Satanic  cruelty  shown  by  Americans  towards 
the  Indians. 

We  now  come  to  the  savage  details  of  the 


Whitman  tragedy  and  the  immediate  cause  of 
the  outbreak.  Undoubtedly  this  will  be  found 
to  lie  in  the  innate  superstition  of  the  savage, 
educated  or  uneducated.  Following  the  return 
of  Whitman  from  Washington,  in  1843,  the  In- 
dians in  the  vicinity  of  the  mission  at  Waiilatpu 
were  restless  and  insurbordinate.  There  is  evi- 
dence that  at  this  period  Whitman  scented  dan- 
ger. He  contemplated  removal  to  The  Dalles 
for  safety,  and  had  even  gone  so  far  as  to  ar- 
range for  the  purchase  of  the  Methodist  Mis- 
sion at  that  point.  Two  personal  enemies  were 
arrayed  against  him  ;  Tamsuky,  a  Cayuse  chief, 
and  Joe  Lewis.  The  latter  was  a  sullen,  re- 
\-engeful  half-breed,  one  who  had  wandered  to 
the  mission,  been  befriended  by  the  doctor,  and 
secretly  became  the  head  center  of  a  murderous 
plot. 

Measles  became  epidemic  among  the  In- 
dians during  the  summer  of  1847,  introduced 
among  the  Cayuse  tribe  by  immigrants.  It  was 
Indian  medical  practice  to  treat  all  fevers  by 
placing  the  patient  in  a  sweat-house,  followed 
by  a  bath  in  ice-cold  water.  Under  such  ig- 
norant ministrations  many  of  the  patients,  of 
course,  expired.  They  died,  too,  under  the 
medical  attendance  of  Dr.  Whitman,  whose  ut- 
most vigilance  could  not  save  his  patients  from 
the  sweat-house  and  the  fatal  douche.  It  was 
at  this  critical  period  that  the  treacherous  Lewis 
circulated  reports  that  the  doctor  was  poison- 
ing instead  of  healing  his  patients.  Lewis  af- 
firmed that  he  had  overheard  Whitman  and 
Spalding  plotting  to  obtain  possession  of  the 
country.  It  was  finally  decided  by  some  of  the 
mfluential  chiefs  of  the  tribe  to  demand  of  Dr. 
Whitman  a  test  case  of  his  professional  skill. 
An  Indian  woman  afflicted  with  the  measles 
was  given  in  his  charge.  The  terrible  alterna- 
tive, secretly  decided  upon,  was  this:  Should 
the  woman  recover,  all  would  be  peace :  should 
she  die  the  Indians  were  to  kill  all  the  mission- 
aries. 

Of  this  direful  plot  Whitman  was  apprised 
by  Istikus,   a   Umatilla    friend.      The   doctor 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


treated  the  story  with  levity.  Not  so  Mrs. 
Whitman.  With  the  sensitive  intuition  of 
woman,  she  fully  comprehended  the  dread  sig- 
nificance of  Istikus'  story,  and,  though  intrepid 
by  nature,  the  heroine  of  a  dangerous  pioneer 
journey  across  the  continent,  she  became 
alarmed,  and  was  in  tears  for  the  first  time  since 
the  death  of  her  child  eight  years  before.  Dr. 
Whitman  reassured  her  the  best  he  could,  and 
renewed  his  promise  to  move  down  the  river. 
It  was  too  late.  On  the  fatal  29th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1847,  great  numbers  of  Tamsuky's  adher- 
ents were  in  the  vicinity  of  Waiilatpu.  Their 
sinister  presence  added  to  the  alarm  of  Mrs. 
Whitman.  Survivors  of  the  massacre  said 
that  the  hills  were  black  with  Indians  looking 
down  upon  the  scene.  About  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  of  the  29th,  while  Dr.  Whitman  was 
reading,  a  number  of  Indians  entered  his  room, 
and,  having  attracted  his  attention,  one  of  them, 
said  to  have  been  Tamchas,  buried  his  hatchet 
in  the  head  of  his  benefactor.  Another  savage, 
Telaukait,  one  who  had  received  nothing  but 
kindness,  beat  the  face  to  a  pulp.  Bloody  work, 
thus  began,  was  speedily  followed  with  relent- 
less brutality.  None  of  the  white  men,  scat- 
tered and  unsuspecting,  could  offer  adequate 
assistance.  They  were  quickly  shot  down  with 
the  exception  of  such  as  were  remote.  Five 
men  escaped.  After  incredible  suffering  they 
finally  reached  a  place  of  safety.  Mrs.  Whit- 
man was  the  only  woman  who  suffered  death. 
Other  women  were  outraged,  and  children,  boys 
and  girls,  held  in  captivity  several  days.  Will- 
iam McBean.  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's 
agent,  at  Fort  Walla  Walla,  refused  to  harbor 
Mr.  Hall,  who  had  escaped  as  far  as  the  fort, 
and  he  subsequently  perished.  A  courier  was 
despatched  by  McBean  to  Vancouver,  but  this 
man  did  not  even  warn  the  people  at  The  Dalles 
of  danger.  Happily  they  were  unmolested.  So 
soon  as  James  Douglas,  then  chief  factor  in  the 
place  of  Dr.  Whitman,  heard  of  the  massacre, 
he  sent  Peter  Skeen  Ogden,  with  a  force,  to 
rescue  the  survivors.     Ogden  exhibited  a  com- 


mendable zeal  and  efficiency,  and  by  the  expen- 
diture of  several  hundred  dollars,  ransomed 
forty-seven  women  and  children. 

Following  are  the  names  of  the  victims  of 
this  outbreak;  the  people  slaughtered  during 
the  eight  days  of  murderous  riot:  Marcus 
Whitman,  Narcissa  Whitman,  John  Sager, 
Francis  Sager,  Crockett  Brewley,  Isaac  Gillen, 
James  Young  and  Rogers,  Kimball,  Sales, 
]\Iarsh,  Saunders,  Hoffman  and  Hall.  After- 
\\ards  there  was  found  on  the  site  of  the  massa- 
cre a  lock  of  long,  fair  hair,  which  was,  un- 
doubtedly taken  from  the  head  of  Mrs.  Whit- 
man. Among  the  relics  of  this  tragedy,  in 
Whitman  College,  it  is  now  preserved.  An  ac- 
count of  the  escape  of  Mr.  Osborne  was  pub- 
lished a  number  of  years  ago.  It  is  a  graphic 
description  of  the  horrors  of  the  event,  and 
from  it  we  take  the  following  extracts : 

As  the  guns  fired  and  the  yells  commenced  I 
leaned  my  head  upon  the  bed  and  committed  myself  and 
family  to  my  maker.  My  wife  removed  the  loose  floor. 
I  dropped  under  the  floor  with  my  sick  family  in  their 
night  clothes,  taking  only  two  woolen  sheets,  a  piece 
of  bread  and  some  cold  mush,  and  pulled  the  floor  over 
us.  In  five  minutes  the  room  was  full  of  Indians,  but 
they  did  not  discover  us.  The  roar  of  guns,  the  yells 
of  the  savages,  and  the  crash  of  clubs  and  knives,  and 
the  groans  of  the  dying  continued  until  dark.  We 
distinctly  heard  the  dying  groans  of  Mrs.  Whitman, 
Mr.  Rogers  and  Francis,  till  they  died  away  one  after 
the  other.  We  heard  the  last  words  of  Mr.  Rogers  in 
a  slow  voice,  calling,  "Come.  Lord  Jesus,  come  quickly." 

Soon  after  this  I  removed  the  floor  and  we  went  out. 
We  saw  the  white  face  of  Francis  by  the  door.  It  was 
warm,  as  we  laid  our  hand  upon  it,  but  he  was  dead. 
I  carried  my  two  youngest  children,  who  were  sick,  and 
my  wife  held  on  to  my  clothes  in  her  great  weakness. 
We  had  all  been  sick  with  measles.  Two  infants  had 
died.  She  had  not  left  her  bed  for  six  weeks  till  that 
day,  when  she  stood  up  a  few  minutes.  The  naked, 
painted  Indians  were  dancing  a  scalp  dance  around  a 
large  fire  at  a  little  distance.  There  seemed  no  hope 
for  us  and  we  knew  not  which  way  to  go,  but  bent 
our  steps  toward  Fort  Walla  Walla.  A, dense,  cold 
fog  shut  out  every  star  and  the  darkness  was  complete. 
We  could  see  no  trail  and  not  even  the  hand  before  the 
face.  We  had  to  feel  out  the  trail  with  our  feet.  My 
wife  almost  fainted,  but  staggered  along.  Mill  Creek, 
which  we  had  to  wade,  was  high  with  late  rains  and 
came  up  to  the  waist.  My  wife  in  her  great  weakness 
came  night  washing  down,  but  held  to  my  clothes.     I 


32 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


braced  myself  with  a  stick,  holding  a  child  in  one  arm. 
I  had  to  cross  five  times  for  the  children.  The  water 
was  icy  cold  and  the  air  freezing  some.  Staggering 
along  about  two  miles  Mrs.  Osborne  fainted  and  could 
go  no  further,  and  we  hid  ourselves  in  the  brush  of 
the  Walla  Walla  river,  not  far  below  the  lodges  of 
Tamsuky,  a  chief  who  was  very  active  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  butchery.  We  were  thoroughly  wet,  and  the 
cold,  fog-like  snow  was  about  us.  The  cold  mud  was 
partially  frozen  as  we  crawled,  feeling  our  way  into  the 
dark  brush.  We  could  see  nothing  the  darkness  was  so 
extreme.  I  spread  one  wet  sheet  down  on  the  frozen 
ground;  wife  and  children  crouched  upon  it.  I  covered 
the  other  over  them.  I  thought  they  must  soon  perish 
as  they  were  shaking  and  their  teeth  rattling  with  cold. 
I  kneeled  down  and  commended  us  to  our  Maker.  The 
day  finally  dawned  and  I  could  see  Indians  riding 
furiously  up  and  down  the  trail.  Sometimes  they  would 
come  close  to  the  brush  and  our  blood  would  warm  and 
the  shaking  would  stop  from  fear  for  a  moment.  The 
day  seemed  a  w'eek.  I  expected  every  moment  my  wife 
would  breathe  her  last.  Tuesday  night  we  felt  our  way 
to  the  trail  and  staggered  along  to  Sutucks  Nima 
(Dog  Creek),  which  we  waded  as  we  did  the  other 
creek,  and  kept  on  about  two  miles,  when  my  wife 
fainted  and  could  go  no  farther.  Crawled  into  the 
brush  and  frozen  mud  to  shake  and  suffer  on  from 
hunger  and  cold,  and  without  sleep.  The  children,  too, 
wet  and  cold,  called  incessantly  for  food,  but  the  shock 
of  groans  and  yells  at  first  so  frightened  them  that  they 
did  not  speak  loud.  Wednesday  night  wife  was  too 
weak  to  stand.  I  took  our  second  child  and  started  for 
Walla  Walla;  had  to  wade  the  Touchet;  stopped  fre- 
quently in  the  brush  from  weakness ;  had  not  recovered 
from  measles.  Heard  a  horseman  pass  and  repass  as 
I  lay  concealed  in  the  willows.  Have  since  learned  it 
was  Mr.  Spalding.  Reached  Fort  Walla  Walla  after 
daylight;  begged  Mr.  McBean  for  horses  to  go  to  my 
family,  for  food,  blankets  and  clothing  to  take  to  them, 
and  to  take  care  of  my  child  till  I  could  bring  my 
family  in  should  I  live  to  find  them  alive.  Mr.  McBean 
told  me  I  could  not  bring  my  family  to  his  fort.  Mr. 
Hall  came  in  on  Monday  night,  but  he  could  not 
have  an  American  in  his  fort,  and  he  had  him  put  over 
the  Columbia  river ;  that  he  could  not  let  me  have 
horeses  or  anything  for  my  wife  or  children,  and  I  must 
go  on  to  Umatilla.  I  insisted  on  bringing  my  family  to 
the  fort,  but  he  refused ;  said  he  would  not  let  us  in. 
I  next  begged  the  priest  to  show  pity,  as  my  wife  and 
children  must  perish  and  the  Indians,  undoubtedly,  kill 
me,  but  with  no  success. 

There  were  many  priests  at  the  fort.  Mr.  McBean 
gave  me  breakfast  but  I  saved  most  of  it  for  my  family. 
Providentially  Mr.  Stanley,  an  artist,  came  in  from 
Colville,  and  narrowly  escaped  the  Indians  by  telling 
them  he  was  "Alain,"  H.  B.,  meaning  that  his  name 
was  Alain  and  that  he  was  a  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
employe.  He  let  me  have  his  two  horses,  some  food 
he   had   left   from   Revs.   Ellis'   and   Walker's  mission; 


also  a  cap,  a  pair  of  socks,  a  shirt  and  handkerchief, 
and  Mr.  McBean  furnished  an  Indian  who  proved  most 
faithful,  and  Thursday  night  we  started  back,  taking  my 
child,  but  with  a  sad  heart  that  I  could  not  find  mercy 
at  the  hands  of  God.  The  Indian  guided  me  in  the  thick 
darkness  to  where  I  supposed  I  had  left  my  dear  wife 
and  children.  We  could  see  nothing  and  dared  not  call 
aloud.  Daylight  came  and  I  was  exposed  to  Indians,  but 
we  continued  to  search  till  I  was  about  to  give  up  in 
despair,  when  the  Indian  discovered  one  of  the  twigs  I 
had  broken  as  a  guide  in  coming  out  to  the  trail.  Follow- 
ing this  he  soon  found  my  wife  and  children  still  alive. 
I  distributed  what  little  food  and  clothing  I  had  and  we 
started  for  the  Umatilla,  the  guide  leading  the  way 
to  a  ford. 

^Ir.  Osbonie  and  family  went  to  William- 
ette  Valley  where  they  lived  many  years,  as 
honored  members  of  the  community,  though 
jNIrs.  Osborne  never  entirely  regained  her 
health  from  the  dreadful  experiences  incident 
to  the  massacre  and  escape. 

The  most  ingenious  casuisty  will  fail  to 
palliate  the  heartlessness  of  Mr.  McBean.  At 
the  present  day  when  charity,  chivalry,  nay, 
self-sacrifice  to  aid  the  suffering  meet  with 
heartiest  approval  from  nearly  all  civilized  na- 
tions, it  is  difficult  to  conceive  of  such  base  mo- 
tives as  appear  to  have  actuated  him.  That  he 
reflected  the  baser  qualities  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company's  policy,  no  one  can  reasonably 
deny.  It  seemed  necessary  to  him  to  show  the 
Indians  that  so  far  from  reproving  their  con- 
duct the  representative  of  the  company  was  in 
sympathy,  if  not  in  actual  collusion  with  the 
savage  conspirators.  McBean's  attitude  on  this 
occasion  stands  forth  as  one  of  the  darkest 
chapters  in  the  history  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company's  "joint  occupancy"  with  Americans 
of  the  territory  of  Oregon. 

If  further  proof  were  wanted  of  the  appar- 
ent understanding  between  the  Indians  and  the 
company  the  case  of  the  artist  who  gave  his 
name  as  "Alain,"  representing  himself  as  con- 
nected with  the  interests  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  is  before  us.  Refusal  of  assistance  to 
Mr.  Osborne  by  the  priests  at  Fort  Walla  Walla 
is  readily  understood.  Their  tenure  of  spiritual 
office  wag  dependent  on  the  company.     Their 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


33 


heartless  action  was  not  based  on  theological 
antagonism.  No  difference  of  creed  entered 
into  the  matter.  They  were  guided  simply  by 
personal  interest ;  they  were  but  another  form 
of  the  abject  creatures  to  which  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  sought  to  reduce  all  their  de- 
pendents. But  in  the  annals  of  American  his- 
tory there  is  no  more  pathetic  recital  than  the 
story  of  Osborne's  and  Hall's  rejection  at  the 
English  fort  to  which  they  had  fled  for  shelter. 
A  less  distressing  case  of  a  few  weeks  later 
is  presented  in  the  following  extract  from 
some  reminiscences  of  Mrs.  Catherine  Pringle, 
formerly  of  Colfax.  Mrs.  Pringle  was  one  of 
the  Sager  children,  adopted  by  Doctor  and  Mrs. 
Whitman.  The  story  of  the  "Christmas  din- 
ner" which  follows  was  given  by  her  to  the 
Commoner,  of  Colfax,  in  1893  : 

The  Christmas  of  1847  was  celebrated  in  the  midst 
of  an  Indian  village  where  the  .American  families  who 
kept  the  day  were  hostages,  whose  lives  were  in  constant 
danger.  There  is  something  tragically  humorous  about 
that  Christmas,  and  I  laugh  when  I  think  of  some  things 
that   I   cried  over  on  that  day. 

When  the  survivors  moved  to  the  Indian  village  a 
set  of  guards  was  placed  over  us.  and  those  guards  were 
vagabond  savages,  in  whose  charge  nobody  was  safe. 
Many  times  we  thought  our  final  hour  had  come.  They 
ordered  us  around  like  slaves,  and  kept  us  busy  cook- 
ing for  them.  Whenever  we  made  a  dish  they  compelled 
us  to  eat  of  it  first,  for  fear  there  was  poison  in  it. 
They  kept  up  a  din  and  noise  that  deprived  us  of  peace 
by  day  and  sleep  at  night.  Some  days  before  Christmas 
we  complained  to  the  chief  of  the  village  who  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  little  generous  in  our  regard,  and  he  gave 
us  a  guard  of  good  Indians  under  command  of  one 
whom  we  knew  as  "Beardy."  The  latter  had  been 
friendly  to  Dr.  Whitman:  he  had  taken  no  part  in  the 
massacre,  and  it  was  claimed  that  it  was  through  his 
intercession   that  our  lives  were  spared. 

We  hailed  the  coming  of  Beardy  as  a  providential 
thing,  and  so,  when  the  holiday  dawned,  the  elder  folks 
resolved  to  make  the  children  as  happy  as  the  means 
at  hand  would  allow.  Mrs.  Sanders  had  brought  across 
the  plains  with  her  some  white  flour  and  some  dried 
peaches,  and  these  had  been  brought  to  our  abode  in 
William  Gray's  mission.  White  flour  was  a  luxury  and 
so  were  dried  peaches  then.  Mrs.  Sanders  made  white 
bread  on  Christmas  morning,  and  then  she  made  peach 
pie.  Beardy  had  been  so  kind  to  us  that  we  had  to  in- 
vite him  to  our  Christmas  dinner.  We  had  ever  so 
many  pies,  it  seemed,  and  Beardy  thought  he  had  tasted 


nothing  so  good  in  all  his  life.  He  sat  in  one  corner 
of  the  kitchen  and  crammed  piece  after  piece  of  that 
dried  pie  into  his  mouth.  We  were  determined  that  he 
should  have  all  the  pie  he  wanted,  even  if  some  of  us 
went  hungry,  because  Beardy  was  a  friend  on  whose 
fidehty  probably  ou-r  lives  depended. 

And  so  we  had  our  Christmas  festival,  and  we  sang 
songs  and  thanked  heaven  that  we  were  still  alive.  After 
dinner,  and  about  an  hour  after  Beardy  went  away,  we 
were  thrown  into  alarm  by  a  series  of  mad  yells  and  we 
heard  Indian  cries  of  "Kill  them!  Tomahawk  them!" 
A  band  of  savages  started  to  attack  the  Gray  residence, 
and  we  saw  them  from  the  windows.  Our  time  had 
come  and  some  of  us  began  to  pray.  The  day  that 
opened  with  fair  promises  was  about  to  close  in  despair. 
To  our  amazement  and  horror  the  Indian  band  was  led 
by  Beardy  himself,  the  Indian  we  counted  on  to  police  us 
in  just  such  emergencies.  He  was  clamoring  for  the 
death  of  all  the  white  women.  Fortune  favored  us  at 
this  critical  juncture  for  just  as  the  Indians  were  enter- 
ing the  house  messengers  arrived  from  Fort  Walla 
Walla.  The  messengers  knew  Beardy  well,  and  they 
advanced  on  him  and  inquired  the  reason  for  his  wild 
language. 

Me  poinsoned !"  cried  Beardy,  "Me  Killed.  White 
squaw  poisoned  me.  Me  always  white  man's  friend, 
now  me  enemy.     White  squaw  must  die." 

That  would  be  a  liberal  translation  of  the  Indian 
words.  Then  followed  a  colloquy  between  Beardy  and 
the  messengers,  and  from  the  language  used  we  learned 
that  Beardy  had  suffered  from  an  overdose  o'  American 
pie,  and  not  knowing  about  the  pains  that  lie  in  wait 
after  intemperate  indulgence  even  in  pie,  he  rushed  to 
the  conclusion  that  he  had  been  poisoned.  It  required 
a  long  time  for  the  messengers  to  convince  Beardy  that 
they  were  innocent  of  any  intention  to  cause  him  pain, 
but  that  he  was  simply  suffering  from  the  effects  of 
inordinate  indulgence  in  an  indigestible  lu.xury.  The 
messengers  talked  Beardy  into  a  reasonable  frame  of 
mind ;  he  called  off  his  horde  of  savages  and  peace  once 
more  spread  her  wings  over  the  William  Gray  mission. 
We  were  all  happy  that  night— happy  that  Mrs.  Saun- 
dres'  pie  had  not  been  the  means  of  a  wholesale 
slaughter  of  white  families  on   Christmas  day. 

The  messengers  I  speak  of  brought  good  news  from 
the  fort.  Succor  was  at  hand,  and  on  December  29th 
we  were  moved  to  the  fort  and  started  down  the  river 
to  The  Dalles,  January  3,  1848.  The  Christmas  of  the 
year  1847,  as  it  was  celebrated  in  this  territory,  offers 
something  of  a  contrast  to  the  yuletide  merriment  in  all 
the  churches  and  homes  to-day. 

We  have  described  the  AA'hitman  Mission, 
Whitman's  mid-winter  journey,  his  work  for 
Oregon  and  the  massacre.  It  remains  to  speak 
of  the  Cayuse  war  which  followed  as  a  nat- 
ural sequence. 


CHAPTER  V 


THE  CAYUSE  WAR. 


Friends  of  Mr.  McBean  have  come  forward 
with  an  explanation  of  his  treatment  of  the 
refugees  from  the  Waiilatpu  massacre.  It  is 
claimed  tht  his  reluctance  to  do  any  act  which 
appeared  like  befriending  Americans  was 
through  fear  of  the  Cayuse  Indians  and  a  be- 
lief that  they  were  about  to  begin  a  war  of  ex- 
termination upon  Americans,  their  friends  and 
allies.  Therefore  it  would  be  dangerous  to 
assist  such  Americans  as  were  then  seeking  re- 
fuge from  massacre,  outrage  and  torture. 

It  was  reserved  for  Americans,  however,  to 
take  the  initiative  in  this  war.  News  of  the 
Whitman  tragedy  stirred  the  hearts  of  genuine 
men;  men  in  Avhose  veins  ran  the  milk  of  hu- 
man kindness  instead  of  ice-water.  On  the  day 
following  the  massacre  Vicar  General  Brouillet 
visited  the  Waiilatpu  mission.  He  found  the 
bodies  of  the  victims  unburied;  he  left  them 
with  such  hasty  interment  as  was  possible,  and 
soon  after  met  Mr.  Spalding  whom  he  warned 
against  attempting  to  visit  the  mission.  This 
was,  indeed,  a  friendly  act  on  the  part  of  the 
Vicar  General,  for  the  horrors  of  this  tragedy 
did  not  come  to  a  close  on  the  first  day.  While 
it  was  safe  for  Brouillet,  in  close  touch  with  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  to  repair  to  that  sad 
scene  of  desolation,  it  was  not  considered  safe 
for  any  Americans  to  visit  the  spot.  On  Tues- 
day Mr.  Kimball,  who  had  remained  with  a 
broken  arm  in  Dr.  Whitman's  house,  was  shot 
and  killed.  Driven  desperate  by  his  own  and 
the  sufferings  of  three  sick  children  with  him, 
he  had  attempted  to  procure  water  from  a 
stream  near  the  house.  The  same  week  Mr. 
Young  and  Mr.  Bulee  were  killed.  Saturday 
the  savages  completed  their  fiendish  work  by 


carrying  away  the  young  women  for  wives.  Of 
the  final  ransom  of  the  captives  F.  F.  Victor,  in 
"The  River  of  the  West,"  says : 

"Late  in  the  month  of  December  (1847) 
there  arrived  in  Oregon  City  to  be  delivered  to 
the  governor,  sixty-two  captives,  bought  from 
the  Cayuses  and  Nez  Perces  by  Hudson  Bay 
blankets  and  goods ;  and  obtained  at  that  price 
by  Hudson's  Bay  influence.  'No  other  power 
on  earth,'  says  Joe  Meek,  the  American,  'could 
have  rescued  those  prisoners  from  the  hands  of 
the  Indians,'  and  no  man  better  than  Mr.  Meek 
understood  the  Indian  character  or  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company's  power  over  them." 

On  December  7,  1847,  from  Fort  Van- 
couver, James  Douglas  sent  the  following  let- 
ter to  Governor  Abernethy : 

SIR: — Having  received  intelligence  last  night,  by- 
special  express  from  Walla  Walla,  of  the  destruction  of 
the  missionary  settlement  at  Waiilatpu,  by  the  Cayuse 
Indians  of  that  place,  we  hasten  to  communicate  the 
particulars  of  that  dreadful  event,  one  of  the  most 
atrocious  which  darkens  the  annals  of  Indian  crime. 

Our  lamented  friend.  Dr.  Whitman,  his  amiable  and 
accomplished  lady,  with  nine  other  persons,  have  fallen 
victims  to  the  fury  of  these  remorseless  savages,  who 
appear  to  have  been  instigated  to  this  appalling  crime  by 
a  horrible  suspicion  which  had  taken  possession  of  their 
superstitious  minds,  in  consequence  of  the  number  of 
deaths  from  dysentery  and  measles,  that  Dr.  Whitman 
was  silently  working  the  destruction  of  their  tribes  by 
administering  poisonous  drugs,  under  the  semblance  of 
salutary  medicines. 

With  a  goodness  of  heart  and  a  benevolence  truly 
his  own,  Dr.  Whitman  had  been  laboring  incessantly 
since  the  appearance  of  the  measles  and  dysentery 
among  his  Indians  converts,  to  relieve  their  sufferings ; 
and  such  has  been  the  regard  of  his  generous  labors. 

A  copy  of  Mr.  McBean's  letter,  herewith  trans- 
mitted, will  give  you  all  the  particulars  known  to  us  of 
this  indescribably  painful  event.  Mr.  Ogden,  with  a 
strong  party,  will  leave  this  place  as  soon  as  possible 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


1822534 


35 


for  Walla  Walla,  to  endeavor  to  prevent  further  evil ; 
and  we  beg  to  suggest  to  you  the  propriety  of  taking 
immediate  measures  for  the  protection  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Spalding,  who,  for  the  sake  of  his  family,  ought  to 
abandon  the  Clearwater  mission  without  delay,  and  re- 
tire to  a  place  of  safety,  as  he  cannot  remain  at  the 
isolated  station  without  imminent  risk,  in  the  present 
excited  and  irritable  state  of  the  Indian  population. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient 
servant,  JAiVIES  DOUGLAS. 

The  reception  of  this  letter  was  followed 
by  intense  excitement  among  people  in  the 
Wallamet  settlement.  The  governor  was  au- 
thorised to  mobilize  a  company  of  riflemen,  not 
exceeding  fifty  in  number,  their  objective  point 
being  The  Dalles,  which  they  were  instructed 
to  garrison  and  hold  until  such  time  as  they 
could  be  reinforced.  Three  commissioners 
were  chosen  to  carry  out  such  provisions.  The 
commissioners  addressed  a  circular  letter  to  the 
superintendent  of  the  Methodist  Mission,  the 
"merchants  and  citizens  of  Oregon"  and  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  This  document  is 
valuable  as  explaining  existing  conditions  in 
Oregon  at  that  date,  December  17,  1847: 

Gentlemen  : —  You  are  aware  that  the  undersigned 
have  been  charged  by  the  legislature  of  our  provisional 
government  with  the  difficult  duty  of  obtaining  the 
necessary  means  to  obtain  full  satisfaction  of  the  Cayuse 
Indians  for  the  late  massacre  at  Waiilatpu,  and  to  pro- 
tect the  white  population  of  our  common  country  from 
further  aggression.  In  furtherance  of  this  subject  they 
have  deemed  it  their  duty  to  make  immediate  application 
to  the  merchants  and  citizens  of  the  country  for  the 
requisite    assistance. 

Though  clothed  with  the  power  to  pledge  to  the 
fullest  extent  the  faith  and  means  of  the  present  govern- 
ment of  Oregon,  they  do  not  consider  this  pledge  the 
only  security  to  those,  who,  in  this  distressing  emer- 
gency, may  extend  to  the  people  of  this  country  the 
means  of  protection  and  redress. 

Without  claiming  any  special  authority  from  the 
government  of  the  United  States  to  contract  a  debt  to 
be  liquidated  by  that  power,  yet  from  all  precedents  of 
like  character  in  the  history  of  our  country,  the  under- 
signed feel  confident  that  the  United  States  government 
will  regard  the  murder  of  the  late  Dr.  Whitman  and  his 
lady,  as  a  national  wrong,  and  will  fully  justify  the 
people  of  Oregon  in  taking  active  measures  to  obtain 
redress  for  that  outrage,  and  for  their  protection  from 
further  aggression. 

The   right  of  self   defense  is   tacitly   acknowledged 


to  every  body  politic  in  the  confederacy  to  which  we 
claim  to  belong,  and  in  every  case  similar  to  our  own, 
within  our  knowledge,  the  general  government  has 
promptly  assumed  the  payment  of  all  liabilities  growing 
out  of  the  measures  taken  by  the  constituted  authorities 
to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  those  who  reside 
within  the  limits  of  their  districts.  If  the  citizens  of 
the  states  and  territories,  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
are  justified  in  promptly  acting  in  such  emergencies,  who 
are  under  the  immediate  protection  of  the  general 
government,  there  appears  no  room  for  doubt  that  the 
lawful  acts  of  the  Oregon  government  will  receive  a 
like  approval. 

Though  the  Indians  of  the  Columbia  have  com- 
mitted a  great  outrage  upon  our  fellow  citizens  passing 
through  the  country,  and  residing  among  them,  and 
their  punishment  for  these  murders  may,  and  ought  to 
be,  a  prime  object  with  every  citizen  of  Oregon,  yet, 
as  that  duty  more  particularly  develops  upon  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  we  do  not  make  this  the 
strongest  ground  upon  which  to  found  our  earnest  ap- 
peal to.  you  for  pecuniary  assistance.  It  is  a  fact  well 
known  to  every  person  acquainted  with  the  Indian 
character,  that  by  passing  silently  over  their  repeated 
thefts,  robberies  and  murders  of  our  fellow  citizens,  they 
have  been  emboldened  to  the  commission  of  the  ap- 
palling massacre  at  Waiilatpu.  They '  call  us  women, 
destitute  of  the  hearts  and  courage  of  men,  and  if  we 
allow  this  wholesale  murder  to  pass  by  as  former  ag- 
gressions, who  can  tell  how  long  either  life  or  property 
will  be  secure  in  any  part  of  the  country,  or  what 
moment  the  Willamette  will  be  the  scene  of  blood  and 
carnage 

The  officers  of  our  provisional  government  have 
nobly  performed  their  duty.  None  can  doubt  the  readi- 
ness of  the  patriotic  sons  of  the  west  to  offer  their 
personal  services  in  defense  of  a  cause  so  righteous. 
So  it  now  rests  with  you,  gentlemen,  to  say  whether 
our  rights  and  our  firesides  shall  be  defended  or  not. 
Hoping  that  none  will  be  found  to  falter  in  so  high 
and  so  sacred  a  duty,  we  beg  leave,  gentlemen,  to  sub- 
scribe ourselves. 

Your  servants  and  fellow  citizens, 
Jesse  Applegate, 
A.  L.  LovEjoY, 
Geo.  L.  Curry, 

Commissioners. 


This  patriotic  communication  produced  a 
certain  effect,  though  not,  perhaps,  financially 
commensurate  with  the  hopes  of  its  authors. 
The  amount  secured  was  less  than  five  thousand 
dollars,  but  this  sufficed  to  arm  and  equip  the 
first  regiment  of  Oregon  riflemen.  In  the 
month  of  January  they  proceeded  to  the  Cayuse 
country. 


36 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


We  are  now  acquainted  \Yith  the  agency 
tlirough  which  the  ransomed  missionaries, 
their  wives  and  children  reached  the  ^Villa- 
mette  vahey  in  safety.  Concerning  the  people 
who  were  brought  from  Lapwai  and  Tchima- 
kin,  it  may  be  said  to  the  credit  of  the  Indians 
that  though  one  band,  the  Cayuses,  were  mur- 
derers, two  bands,  the  Nez  Perces  and  Spo- 
kanes,  were  saviors.  Few  narratives  are  more 
thrilling  than  that  relating  to  Fathers  Eells  and 
Walker,  who  attended  the  council  of  the  Spo- 
kanes  at  Tchimakin,  which  council  was  to  de- 
cide whether  or  no  to  join  the  Cayuses.  On 
their  decision  hung  the  lives  of  the  missionaries. 
Imagine  their  emotions  as  they  waited  with 
bated  breath  in  their  humble  mission  house  to 
learn  the  result  of  the  Indians'  deliberations. 
Hours  of  animated  discussion  followed;  argu- 
ment with  the  Cayuses  emissaries;  and  finally 
the  Spokanes  announced  their  conclusions  in 
these  words  :  "Go  and  tell  the  Cayuses  that  the 
missionaries  are  our  friends  and  we  will  defend 
them  with  our  lives." 

The  Nez  Perces  arrrived  at  the  same  con- 
clusion. Bold  though  these  Cayuses  were — 
the  fiercest  warriors  of  the  inland  empire — 
their  hearts  must  have  sunk  within  them  as  they 
saw  that  the  Umatillas,  the  Nez  Perces  and  the 
Spokanes  and,  even  at  that  particular  period, 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  were  all  against 
them,  and  that  they  must  meet  the  infuriated 
whites  from  the  Willamette.  The  provisional 
government  had  entered  upon  the  work  of 
equipping  fourteen  companies  of  volunteers. 
The  act  of  the  legislature  providing  for  this  had 
been  passed  December  9,  1847.  A  large  ma- 
jority of  these  volunteers  furnished  their  own 
horses,  arms  and  ammunition.  This,  too,  with- 
out thought  of  pecuniary  gain  or  reimburse- 
ment. The  response  to  the  dircular  letter  of 
the  commissioners  had  been  prompt,  open- 
handed  and  hearty. 

Coruelius  Gilliam,  father  of  W.  S.  Gilliam, 
of  Walla  Walla,  was  chosen  colonel  of  the  reg- 
iment.    He  was  a  man  of  superlative  energy. 


brave  and  resourceful,  and,  pushing  all  neces- 
sary arrangements,  he  set  forth  from  the  ren- 
dezvous at  The  Dalles  on  February  ij.  1848. 
Several  battles  occurred  on  the  way  into  the 
Cayuse  country,  the  most  severe  being  at  Sand 
Hollows,  in  the  Umatilla  country.  Five  Crows 
and  War  Eagle,  famous  fighters  of  the  Cayuse 
tribe,  had  gathered  their  braves  to  dispute  the 
crossing  of  this  region  with  the  Oregon  rifle- 
men. Fi\'e  Crows  flamboyantly  claimed  that 
by  his  wizard  powers  he  could  stop  all  bullets 
while  \Var  Eagle's  gasconade  was  couched 
in  the  boastful  statement  that  he  would 
agree  to  swallow  all  missies  fired  at  him. 
This  same  spirit  of  braggadocio  has,  through- 
out all  historical  times,  animated  pagan  sol- 
diers. During  the  war  with  the  Filipinos  the 
natives  were  solemnly  told  by  their  priests  that 
all  bullets  fired  by  American  soldiers  would 
turn  to  water  before  reaching  them. 

Mark  the  result  of  the  engagement  between 
the  avengers  of  Dr.  Whitman  and  the  supersti- 
tious Cayuses.  At  the  first  onset  the  "Swallow 
Ball"  was  killed,  and  the  "wizard"  was  so  seri- 
ously wounded  that  he  was  compelled  to  retire 
from  the  war. 

Nevertheless  the  Indians  maintained  a 
plucky  fight.  A  number  of  casualties  were  suf- 
fered by  the  whites.  But  at  last  the  Indians 
were  compelled  to  break,  and  the  way  for  the 
first  regiment  of  Oregon  riflemen  was  clear  to 
Waiilatpu.  The  desolated  mission  was  reached 
by  Colonel  Gilliam's  command  ]\Iarch  4.  Here 
the  soldiers  passed  several  days  to  recuperate 
from  the  effects  of  a  short  but  arduous  cam- 
paign, and  give  to  the  remains  of  the  martyrs 
of  the  Whitman  massacre  a  reverent  burial. 
Some  of  the  dead  had  been  hastily  covered  with 
earth  by  Vicar  General  Brouillet,  and  his  com- 
panions; others  when  Ogden  ransomed  the 
captives,  but  afterward  they  had  been  partially 
exhumed  by  coyotes ;  hyena-like  allies  of  the 
dastradly  Cayuses. 

The  Indians  had  now  fallen  back  to  Snake 
river.    Following  them  thither  the  whites  were, 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


37 


somewhat,  outgeneraled  by  the  wily  savages,  an 
event  that  has  been  dupHcated  several  times  in 
Indian  wars  of  more  recent  date.  The  Oregon 
riflemen  surprised  and  captured  a  camp  of 
Cayuse  Indians  among  whom,  as  was  afterward 
divulged,  were  some  of  the  murderers  of  Dr. 
Whitman  and  his  friends  at  Waillatpu.  The 
Machiavellian  Cayuses  suddenly  professed 
great  friendship  for  the  Oregon  avengers,  and, 
pointing  to  a  large  band  of  horses  on  a  hill, 
declared  that  the  hostiles  had  abandoned  them, 
and  gone  across  the  river.  This  deception  was 
successful.  Completely  deluded  the  whites 
surrounded  the  camp  and,  rounding  up  the 
horses,  started  on  their  return.  It  was  the  hour 
of  temporary  Cayuse  triumph.  The  released 
captives,  mounting  at  once,  began  a  furious  at- 
tack on  the  rear  of  the  batallion  of  riflemen 
which  proved  so  harrassing  that  the  volunteers 
were  compelled  to  retreat  to  the  Touchet  river, 
and  finally,  although  they  repelled  the  Indians, 
they  were  forced  to  turn  loose  the  captured 
horses.  These  animals  the  strategetic  Indians 
immediately  seized  and  with  them  vanished 
over  the  plains.  They  had  outwitted  Gilliam's 
men.  Not  only  had  they  secured  life  and  lib- 
erty for  themselves,  but  had  actually  recovered 
the  bait  with  which  they  had  inveigled  the  vol- 
unteers into  a  trap. 

It  was  soon  made  evident  that  the  Cayuse 
Indians  had  no  real  desire  to  fight.  The  whites 
insisted  on  a  surrender  of  the  murderers  of  Dr. 
Whitman  and  his  people.  Finding  that  the  vol- 
unteers were  in  earnest  in  making  this  demand 
the  treacherous  tribe  scattered  in  different  di- 
rections; Tamsuky,  with  his  friends,  going  to 
the  headwaters  of  the  John  Day  river.  There, 
despite  various  efforts  to  capture  them,  they  re- 
mained two  years.  In  1850,  a  band  of  Uma- 
tillas  undertook  the  task  of  securing  them,  for 
trial,  and  after  fierce  and  desperate  resistance, 
killed  Tamsuky  and  captured  a  number  of  his 
murderous  compatriots.  Of  these  captives  five 
were  hanged  at  Oregon  City,  June  3,  1850. 

The  Cayuse  Indians,  howe\er,  assert  that 


only  one  of  these  condemned  and  executed  In- 
dians were  really  guilty  of  participation  in  the 
horrible  deeds  at  Waiilatpu.  That  one,  they  de- 
clared, was  Tamahas,  who  struck  Dr.  Whitman 
the  fatal  blow.  The  claim  that  the  others  were 
innocent  may  be  true,  so  far  as  the  actual  mur- 
der of  the  doctor  or  his  friends  is  concerned, 
but  as  accessories  to  a  great — indeed,  a  national 
crime — they  were,  undoui)tedly,  guilty.  If  they 
were  not,  it  is  but  one  more  instance  of  lament- 
able failure  to  apply  either  punishment  or  mercy 
accurately,  which  has  characterized  all  Indian 
wars  on  both  sides.  The  innocent  have 
home  the  sins  of  the  guilty  in  more  ways 
than  one. 

In  this  Cayuse  war  many  men,  who  after- 
ward became  famous  in  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton history  took  an  active  part.  Among  them 
may  be  named  James  Nesmith,  who  was  United 
States  Senator.  He  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Levi 
Ankeny,  of  Walla  Walla,  present  United  States 
senator  from  Washington.  William  Martin,  of 
Pendleton,  Oregon,  was  one  of  the  captains  in 
the  corps  of  rifle  men  during  this  war.  Joel 
Palmer,  Tom  ]\IcKay,  J.  M.  Garrison  and 
many  others  bore  their  part  in  the  beginning,  or 
later  in  the  maturer  development  of  the  coun- 
try. Colonel  Gilliam,  who  had  shown  himself 
to  be  a  brave  and  sagacious  commander,  was 
accidentally  killed  on  the  return  of  his  trooops,  a 
inost  melancholy  close  of  a  career  full  of  prom- 
ise to  this  country,  then  slowly  unfolding  its 
wealth  of  varied  industries. 

In  taking  leave  of  this  stirring  epoch  in  the 
history  of  a  certain  portion  of  the,  now,  state  of 
Washington,  pursuit,  capture  and  punishment 
of  principals  and  instigators  of  the  murder  of 
Dr.  Whitman,  and  his  associates  in  missionarj- 
work,  it  may  be  said  in  the  way  of  retrospec- 
tion that,  grevious  as  was  the  end  of  Whitman's 
career,  no  doubt  it  will  ultimately  be  seen  to 
have  produced  greater  results  for  this  region 
and  the  world  than  if  he  had  survived  to  have 
enjoyed  a  well-merited  rest  from  his  labors. 
Subsequent   development   of   this   section,    the 


38 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


founding  of  Whitman  College,  and  the  whole 
train  of  circumstances  arising  from  American 
occupation  of  Oregon  may  be  seen,  in  some 
measure,  to  have  grown  out  of  the  tragedy  at 
Waiilatpu.  Here,  as  elsewhere,  martyrdom 
appears  a  necessary  accompainment  to  the  most 
brilliant  progress  in  civilization. 

While  the  offense  of  these  Indians  can  not 
be  condoned,  charity  compels  the  admission  that 
the  ignorant  creatures  were  scarcely  more  re- 
sponsible than  the  wild  beasts  who,  also,  dis- 
puted this  territory  with  civilized  man.  The 
very  superstition  which  it  is  the  duty  of  every 


missionary  to  eradicate  from  pagan  minds  as 
speedily  as  possible,  is  primarily  to  blame  for 
the  undoing  of  Dr.  Whitman.  Steeped  in  this 
barbaric  superstition,  pampered  by  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  treacherously  deceived  by 
agents  and  emissaries  of  the  great  octupus  of 
the  Northwest  Coast,  we  can  not  hold  these 
savages  to  a  higher  degree  of  responsibility  than 
the  source  from  which  they  drew  their  grew- 
some  inspiration.  But  in  1848  the  progress  of 
western  civilization  demanded  their  suppres- 
sion, if  not  ultimate  removal,  along  with  the 
coyote  and  rattlesnake. 


CHAPTER   VI. 


OTHER  INDIAN    OUTBREAKS— 1855-1858. 


Previous  to  1859  the  territory  of  Oregon 
comprised  the  present  states  of  Washington, 
Oregon  and  Idaho.  It  is  not  within  the  prov- 
ince of  this  history  to  follow  the  careers  of  In- 
dian "braves,"  Indian  thieves  and  Indian  raps- 
callions along  the  entire  course  of  their  devious 
warpaths  throughout  all  of  the  country  out- 
lined above.  Of  the  Indian  wars  immediately 
affecting  Washington,  the  territory  covered  by 
these  annals,  it  becomes  our  duty  to  treat  them 
in  an  impartial  yet  concise  manner. 

The  massacre  of  the  Ward  train,  by  the 
Snake  Indians,  occurred  near  Fort  Boise  in  the 
autumn  of  1854.  Determined  to  show  the  In- 
dians that  the  government  would  not  remain  in- 
active in  the  face  of  such  outrages  Major  Gran- 
ville O.  Haller  organized  an  expedition  with 
M-hich  he  pushed  over  into  the  Snake  country, 
from  Fort  Dalles.  Nothing  tangible  resulted 
from  this  march  other  than  a  demonstration  in 
force ;  the  Indians  retreated  into  the  mountains ; 
Major  Haller  and  his  soldiers  returned  to  The 
Dalles.    During  the  summer  of  1855,  however. 


he  made  another  attempt  to  reach  the  Snake  In- 
dians, and  this  time  successfully,  finally  captur- 
ing and  executing  the  murderers  of  the  Ward 
party. 

Discovery  of  gold  in  tlie  vicinity  of  Fort 
Colville  incited  a  stampede  to  that  country. 
This  was  in  the  spring  of  1855.  -^t  that  period 
Governor  Stevens  was  making  his  famous  east- 
ern tour  through  the  territory  engaged  in  treat- 
ies and  agreements  with  the  various  tribes,  and 
this  gold  discovery  so  excited  the  members  of 
his  escort  that  it  was  with  difficulty  they  were 
prevented  from  deserting.  On  meeting  with 
the  Kettle  Falls,  Fend  d'Oreilles,  Spokanes  and 
Coeuf  d'Alenes  Governor  Stevens  had  told 
them  that  he  would  negotiate  with  them  for  the 
sale  of  their  lands  on  his  return.  Offers  to  pur- 
chase lands  by  the  whites  had  always  been  re- 
garded with  suspicion  by  the  Indians.  To  them 
it  appeared  the  preliminary  step  toward  sub- 
jugation and  domination  of  the  country  which, 
perhaps  was  not  an  unusual  view  of  the  matter. 
The  gradual  but  steadv  increase  of  the  white 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


39 


men  was  far  from  pleasing  to  the  Indians ;  they 
were  dissatisfied  with  the  terms  of  treaties  al- 
ready negotiated,  and  one  chief  Peupeumox- 
mox  "Yellow  Bird,"  was  on  the  eve  of  repudi- 
ating the  sale  of  certain  territory. 

The  first  note  of  defiance  was  sounded  by 
Pierre  Jerome,  chief  of  the  Kettle  Falls  Indians, 
about  August  i,  1855.  He  declared  emphat- 
ically that  no  white  man  should  pass  through 
his  country.  This  declaration  was  soon  fol- 
lowed by  rumors  of  murders  committed  by  the 
Yakimas.  A  number  of  small  parties  had  set 
forth  from  the  Sound  en  route  to  Fort  Col- 
ville,  via  Nisqually  pass  and  the  Ahtanahm 
Catholic  mission.  Such  was  the  report  com- 
municated by  Chief  Garry,  of  the  Spokanes,  to 
A  J.  Bolon,  special  agent  for  the  Yakimas.  It 
was  Bolon's  intention  to  meet  Governor  Stev- 
ens on  the  latter's  return  from  Fort  Benton,  and 
assist  at  the  councils  and  treaties.  But  on  re- 
ceiving these  sanguinary  reports  Bolon  rashly 
deflected  his  course  for  the  purpose  of  investi- 
gating them.  He  went,  unattended  to  the  Cath- 
olic mission  to  meet  Kamiakin,  and  was  mur- 
dered by  Owhi,  a  nephew  of  Kamiakin,  and 
chief  of  the  Umatillas,  who  treacherously  shot 
him  in  the  back. 

Then  Kamiakin  declared  war  on  the  whites, 
which  war,  he  said,  he  was  prepared  to  carry 
on  five  years,  if  necessary.  The  gauntlet  had 
been  thrown  down  and  war  was  inevitable.  The 
Tunior  of  whites  having  been  killed  by  the 
Yakimas  was  confirmed  by  miners  returning 
frcm  Fort  Cloville,  on  September  20.  A 
requisition  for  troops  from  Vancouver  and 
Steilacoom  was  at  once  made  by  acting  Gov- 
ernor Mason.  Fears  for  the  safety  of  Governor 
Stevens  warranted  sending  a  detachment  to  his 
assistance.  A  force  of  eighty-four  men  from 
Fort  Dalles,  under  Major  Haller,  was  ordered 
to  proceed  against  Kamiakin  and  Peupeumox- 
mox,  two  chiefs  most  to  be  dreaded.  Haller's 
objective  point  was  the  Catholic  mission,  the 
home  of  Kamiakin.    He  set  forth  October  3. 

Indians  were  discovered  the  third  dav  out. 


A  sharp  skirmish  ensued  in  the  afternoon  of 
that  day,  and  at  nightfall  the  Yakimas  with- 
drew. Of  Haller's  force  eight  men  were  killed 
and  wounded.  On  the  following  day  the  fight 
was  renewed,  the  whites  being  without  water 

[  and  having  but  very  little  food.  The  Indians 
attempted  to  surround  Haller,  and  so  sharp  was 
their  attack  that  at  dark  a  messenger  was  des- 
patched to  Major  Raines,  at  The  Dalles,  asking 
for  assistance.  On  the  third  day  of  this  en- 
gagement, which  was  in  reality  a  signal  defeat 
for  the  whites,  the  cavalry  horses  and  pack  ani- 
mads  were  turned  loose  to  find  water  and  grass. 

i  Haller  determined  to  return  to  The  Dalles,  and 
was  again  attacked  by  the  Indians  who,  for  ten 
miles,  harassed  the  retreating  soldiers  with  a 
sharp,  running  fire.  The  force  separated  into 
two  divisions,  one  of  them  being  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Russell.  Two  detachments 
of  reinforcements  failed  to  connect  with  Haller, 
for  any  effective  stand  against  the  enemy,  and 
Major  Haller  reached  The  Dalles  with  a  loss 
of  five  men  killed,  seventeen  wounded  and  con- 
siderable government  property.  It  was  esti- 
mated that  the  Indians  suffered  a  loss  of  forty 
killed. 

The  disastrous  result  of  this  initial  cam- 
paign against  the  Yakimas  inflamed  both  sol- 
diers and  civilians.  Preparations  for  a  war  of 
considerable  magnitude  were  hastily  made.  It 
was  reported  at  Forts  Vancouver  and  Steila- 
coom that  there  were  fifteen  hundred  fighting 
braves  in  the  field  against  the  whites.  One 
company  of  volunteers  was  called  on  from 
Clarke,  and  one  from  Thurston  county,  these 
companies  to  consist  of  eighty-five  men  each. 
Acting  Governor  Mason  asked  for  arms  from 
the  commanders  of  the  revenue  cutter  Jefferson 
Davis  and  sloop  of  war  Decatur,  which  were 
furnished  promptly.  Company  B,  of  the  Puget 
Sound  Volunteers,  was  organized  at  Olympia, 
Gilmore  Hays,  captain,  James  S.  Hurd,  first 
lieutenant,  William  Martin,  second  lieutenant, 

j  Joseph    Gibson,    Henry    D.     Cock,    Thomas 

I  Prathar.  and  Joseph  White,  sergeants;  Joseph 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


S.  Taylor,  \Vhitfield  Kirtley,  T.  Wlieelock  and 
John  Scott,  corporals.  On  the  20th  they  re- 
ported at  Fort  Steilacoom  and  on  the  21st,  un- 
der command  of  Captain  Maloney,  set  out  for 
White  river  to  reinforce  Lieutenant  Slaughter, 
who  had  gone  into  the  Yakima  country  with 
forty  men. 

The  history  of  Xesmitli's  campaign  against 
the  Yakima  Indians  is  uneventful.  J.  W. 
Nesmith  was  placed  in  command  of  several  vol- 
unteer companies,  organized  by  proclamation 
of  Acting  Governor  Mason,  numbering, 
all  told,  about  seven  hundred  men.  They 
were  enrolled  at  Seattle.  Olympia,  Van- 
couver and  Cathlamet.  James  Tilton  was 
appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  volun- 
teer forces  and  Major  Raines  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  regulars  to  cooperate  with 
Xesmith.  The  volunteers  and  regulars  formed 
a  junction  at  Simcoe  Valley  on  November  7. 
The  day  following  there  was  a  sharp  skirmish 
with  the  Indians,  but  the  latter  finding  the  force 
of  the  whites  greatly  augumented  were  timid, 
and  more  inclined  to  retreat  than  advance.  Be- 
ing supplied  with  fresh  horses  they  could  escape 
easily,  and  were  driven  up  the  Yakima  river  to 
a  narrow  gap  in  the  mountains  where  they 
made  a  feeble  stand.  Haller  and  Captain  Augur 
charged  them,  upon  which  they  retreated  and 
fled  down  the  other  side  of  the  mountain,  leav- 
ing the  whites  in  possession.  On  the  loth  they 
made  another  stand,  and  an  attempt  was  made 
by  the  volunteers  and  regulars  to  surround 
them.  Owing  to  a  misunderstaftding  a  charge 
was  made  at  an  inopportune  moment,  and  again 
the  wily  foe  were  enabled  to  retreat  in  compar- 
ative safety.  On  reaching  the  Ahtanahm  mis- 
sion it  was  found  deserted  and,  after  a  number 
of  unimportant  movements,  Nesmith  pushed  on 
to  \\'alla  Walla.  Major  Raines  reported  to 
General  Wool,  who  had  recently  arrived  in  the 
territory.  The  latter  was  supplied  with  four 
thousand  stand  of  arms,  a  large  amount  of  am- 
unition  and  had  with  him  fifty  dragoons. 

General  Wool  at  this  period  appears  to  have 


been  extremely  critical  and  fault-finding.  He 
was  particularly  severe  on  the  volunteers  nor 
did  he  spare  Majors  Raines  and  Haller.  One 
of  General  Wool's  orders,  which  appears  to 
have  given  great  offense  to  the  citizens  of  Ore- 
gon, was  to  disband  the  company  enrolled  to 
proceed  to  the  relief  of  Governor  Stevens,  and 
this  order  was  subsequently  bitterly  resented 
by  the  governor.  The  result  of  Wool's  con- 
duct was  what  might  have  been  expected ;  con- 
tentions between  the  regulars  and  volunteers, 
rendering  void  their  efficiency  and  making  it 
impossible  for  them  to  co-operate.  Practically 
future  campaigns  against  the  hostiles  were  in 
the  hands  of  the  volunteers.  January  11,  1856. 
General  Wool  received  information  of  Indian 
troubles  in  Southern  Oregon  and  California, 
and  he  left  for  San  Francisco,  having  first  as- 
signed command  of  the  Columbia  River  Dis- 
trict to  Colonel  George  Wright,  with  head- 
quarters at  The  Dalles. 

In  the  Puget  Sound  district  the  year  1855 
was  punctuated  with  a  number  of  Indian  trag- 
edies. Lieutenant  McAllister  and  M.  McCon- 
nell,  of  McConnell's  prairie,  were  killed  by  the 
hostiles  in  October  of  that  year.  Sunday,  the 
28th,  in  the  White  Valley,  the  Indians  fell  upon 
the  farming  settlements.  W.  H.  Braman,  wife 
and  child,  H.  H.  Jones  and  wife,  Simon  Cooper 
and  George  E.  King  and  wife  were  killed. 
Others  escaped  to  Seattle.  The  death  of  Lieu- 
tenant Slaughter,  in  December,  1855,  cast  a 
heavy  gloom  over  the  ^•arious  communities  then 
in  the  territory.  While  in  command  of  sixty- 
five  men,  on  Brannans'  prairie,  Lieutenant 
Slaughter  was  sitting  at  night  in  a  small  log 
house.  For  the  purpose  of  drying  their  wet 
clothing  the  soldiers  had  started  a  small  fire 
near  the  door  of  the  cabin,  and  the  Indians, 
guided  by  this  light  were  able  to  shoot  Slaugh- 
ter through  the  heart.  Without  uttering  a 
word  he  fell  dead  from  his  chair.  An  attack 
on  Seattle,  in  December  of  the  same  year,  was 
repulsed  with  heavy  losses  to  both  sides,  the 
sloop  of  war,  Decatur,  taking  a  prominent  part 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


in  this  fight  and  doing  good  execution.  Other 
United  States  vessels,  including  the  Active  and 
Massachusetts,  were  conspicuous  in  defense  of 
the  town.  It  was  aboard  the  Decatur  that  the 
sanguinary  Patkanim  delivered  the  heads  of  In- 
dians for  which  a  bounty  was  offered.  Pat- 
kanim had  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  ter- 
ritorial government  by  which  he  was  to  receive 
eighty  dollars  apiece  for  all  heads  of  Indian 
chiefs,  and  twenty  dollars  for  the  heads  of  war- 
riors. Subsequently  these  ghastly  trophies  were 
forwarded  to  Olympia.  In  this  horrible  hunt 
for  hostile  heads  Patkanim  was  assisted  by 
eighty  warriors  of  the  Snoqualimich  and' 
Skokomish  tribes,  and,  also,  a  chief  called  John 
Taylor.  The  United  States  navy  at  that  time 
rendered  most  valuable  services  in  repulsing 
Indian  attacks  along  the  shore-line  of  Puget 
Sound.  Working  in  conjunction  with  the  land 
forces  of  the  whites  the  guns  of  the  ships  at 
times  did  terrible  execution  among  the  painted 
savages.  On  the  morning  of  October  22,  1856, 
a  party  of  Indians  surrendered  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  Massachusetts  and  were  taken 
to  Victoria.  It  was  generally  supposed  that  the 
severe  treatment  accorded  unfriendly  Indians 
on  the  Sound  would  result  in  the  abatidonment 
of  depredations  in  that  vicinity.  But  on  August 
II,  1857,  a  party  of  savages  landed  at  Whidby 
Island,  killed  a  man  named  I.  N.  Eby,  decapi- 
tated him  and  looted  his  house  before  an  alarm 
could  be  given.  Nor  was  this  the  extent  of 
later  depredations.  It  became  necessary  for 
vessels  heavily  armed  to  cruise  in  the  sound 
and  through  Fuca  Strait. 

Our  territorial  limitations  demand  that  we 
return  to  the  Yakima  country  where  Indian  hos- 
tilities were  renewed.  In  October,  1855  rumors 
were  rife  of  a  combination  of  Oregon  and 
Yakima  Indians.  It  was  reported,  also,  that  the 
Des  Chutes,  Walla  Wallas  and  Cayuses  were 
inclined  to  be  unfriendly.  To  prevent  such  a 
combination  Indian  Agent  Olney  had  been  sent 
from  The  Dalles  to  Walla  Walla.  It  was  con- 
strued   as    an    unfavorable    circumstance    that 


Peupeumoxmox  should  have  been  found  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Columbia.  Other  signs  indi- 
cated the  truculency  of  Peupeumoxmox,  and  he 
even  denied  that  he  had  ever  sold  the  Walla 
Walla  valley.  To  Olney  it  seemed  apparent 
that  the  chief  was  preparing  to  join  the  Ya- 
kimas  in  a  war  against  the  whites.  It  was  de- 
cided in  conference  between  Agent  Olney  and 
McKinlay,  Anderson  and  Sinclair,  officers  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  to  destroy  the 
amunition  in  Walla  Walla  to  prevent  it  from 
falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians.  It  was, 
therefore,  thrown  into  the  river.  All  whites 
were  then  ordered  to  leave  the  country,  and  this 
order  included  Sinclair,  who  abandoned  prop- 
erty in  the  fort  valued  at  $37,000. 

To  a  winter  campaign  against  the  Indians 
in  the  Yakima  valley,  Colonel  Nesmith  was 
stoutly  opposed.  He  directed  attention  to  the 
fact  that  his  horses  and  men  were  exhausted, 
some  of  the  latter  being  severely  frost-bitten 
and  otherwise  unfit  for  duty.  One  hundred  and 
twenty-five  of  them  had  been  discharged.  How- 
ever, Governor  Curry  ordered  Major  M.  A. 
Chinn  to  proceed  to  Walla  Walla  and  join 
Nesmith.  This  order  was  followed  by  a  general 
uprising  of  the  Indians.  Chinn  resolved  to 
fortify  the  Umatilla  agency,  and  await  rein- 
forcements, believing  it  impossible  to  form  the 
contemplated  union  with  Nesmith.  Accord- 
ingly Chinn.  who  had  arrived  at  the  agency 
November  18,  1855,  where  he  found  the  build- 
ings destroyed,  erected  a  stockade  and  named 
the  same  Fort  Henrietta,  in  honor  of  the  wife 
of  Major  Haller.  Later  Kelly  arrived  and  suc- 
ceeding reinforcements  gave  him  four  hundred 
and  seventy-five  men.  The  first  sally  from 
Walla  Walla  was  made  on  December  2.  The 
force  of  three  hundred  and  ninety-nine  men 
was  met  by  Chief  Peupeumoxmox,  who  carried 
a  white  flag  at  the  head  of  a  band  of  warriors. 
Following  a  conference  the  Indians  were  held 
as  prisoners  and.  during  a  subsequent  attack 
on  Waiilatpu,  were  killed.  The  truculent  chief 
of  the  \\''a]la  ^^^'tllas  met  his  deatli  earlv  in  the 


42 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


insurrection  of  which  he  was  the  instigator. 
The  fight  at  Waiilatpu  continued  through  the 
7th,  8th  and  9th,  the  fortunes  of  war  being  tem- 
porarily with  the  Indians.  Reinforcements  for 
Kelly  arrived  on  the  loth,  from  Fort  Henrietta, 
thus  enabling  the  whites  to  snatch  victory  from 
the  jaws  of  defeat,  and  Continue  the  pursuit  of 
the  Indians  until  nightfall.  Kelly  then  built 
Fort  Bennett,  two  miles  above  Waiilatpu. 

It  is  impossible  to  attempt  a  description  of 
the  battle  between  the  upper  and  lower  cascades 
of  the  Columbia  river  without  being  brought 
face  to  face  with  another  blunder  of  General 
Wool.  However  valuable  may  have  been  his 
services  during  the  Mexican  war,  and  no  one 
could  justly  censure  any  portion  of  his  career 
in  those  campaigns,  truth  compels  the  state- 
ment that  General  Wool's  knowledge  of  Indian 
warfare  was  limited.  Undoubtedly  his  inten- 
tions were  the  best,  but  he  appears  singularly 
unfortunate  in  a  number  of  his  military  orders 
while  at  the  head  of  the  troops  in  Washington 
and  Oregon. 

About  the  middle  of  December,  1855,  Kelly 
received  news  of  the  resignation  of  Colonel 
Nesmith.  The  latter  was  succeeded  by  Thomas 
R.  Cornelius,  and  Kelly,  anxious  to  return  to 
civil  duties,  gave  his  command  to  Davis  Layton. 
A.  M.  Fellows  took  the  place  of  Captain  Ben- 
nett, Fellows  being  succeeded  by  A.  Shepard, 
and  the  latter  by  B.  A.  Barker.  Thus  was 
effected  a  partial  reorganization  of  the  volun- 
teer forces  in  the  Walla  Walla  valley.  On  the 
return  of  Governor  Stevens,  who  arrived  in 
camp  December  20,  he  expressed  himself  as 
highly  gratified  by  the  assistance  rendered  us 
by  the  Oregon  trooops.  During  the  ten  days  he 
remained  in  the  Walla  Walla  valley,  a  com- 
pany of  home-guards,  composed  of  French 
Canadians,  was  formed  and  officered  by  Sidney 
E.  Ford,  captain.  Green  McCafferty,  first  lieu- 
tenant. It  was  decided,  after  discussion  with 
the  Oregon  volunteers,  to  intrench  Walla  Walla 
and  hold  the  same  until  the  regular  trooops 
were  prepared  to  prosecute  another  campaign. 


Similar  means  of  defense  were  provided  for  the 
Spokane  and  Colville. 

Before  his  return  to  Olympia  Governor 
Stevens  expressed  his  appreciation  of  the  serv- 
ices of  sixty-nine  Nez  Perce  volunteers  in  a 
substantial  manner.  He  directed  that  they  be 
cordially  thanked,  mustered  out  of  service  and 
their  muster  rolls  forwarded  to  Olympia  for 
future  payment.  No  one  can  gainsay  this 
judicious  measure,  for  it  was  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance to  retain  the  friendship  of  any  tribe  of 
Indians  disposed  to  be  at  all  friendly  toward  the 
whites.  In  return  for  the  generous  treatment 
by  Governor  Stevens  the  Nez  Perces  coven- 
anted to  furnish  horses  with  which  to  mount 
the  Oregon  volunteers. 

The  return  of  Governor  Stevens  and  Kelly, 
the  one  to  Olympia,  the  other  to  Oregon  City, 
was  marked  in  each  instance  by  a  series  of  pub- 
lic ovations  from  the  people.  January  19,  1856, 
the  governor  was  received  with  a  salute  of 
thirty-eight  guns;  Kelly  was  given  a  public 
banquet  and  escorted  to  the  hall,  an  honor 
worthily  bestowed  on  one  who,  without  doubt, 
had  prevented  a  dangerous  coalition  between 
the  Indians  of  Northern  Washington  and 
Southern  Oregon.  But  the  praiseworthy 
efforts  of  Oregon  were  not  to  cease  at  this  point. 
A  proclamation  was  issued  by  Governor  Curry 
on  January  6,  1856,  asking  for  five  companies 
to  be  recruited  in  Yamhill,  Polk,  Clackamas, 
Marion  and  Linn  counties,  supplemented  by 
forty  men  to  round  out  the  skeltonized  company 
of  scouts  under  Captain  Conoyer.  These  troops 
arrived  at  Walla  Walla  about  March  i. 

Nine  days  later  the  campaign  was  opened  by 
Colonel  Cornelius  who  started  with  six  hundred 
men.  The  plan  was  to  proceed  along  the  Snake 
and  Columbia  rivers  to  the  Palouse  and  Ya- 
kima; thence  to  Priest's  Rapids  and  down  the 
east  bank  of  the  Columbia  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Yakima.  During  this  march  a  few  Indians 
were  found,  but  no  heavy  engagement  followed, 
and  the  command  reached  the  Yakima  March 
30.    Here  ominous  reports  were  received.    Be- 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


43 


tween  the  two  cascades  of  the  Cokimbia  were 
a  number  of  settlements.  These  had  been  at- 
tacked by  hostile  Indians. 

One  blunder  of  General  Wool's,  to  which 
attention  has  been  called,  was  made  at  this  junc- 
ture. On  his  arrival  from  California  he  had 
found  at  Vancouver  three  companies  of  in- 
fantry. He  ordered  two  of  these  to  repair  to 
Fort  Steilacoom.  The  territory  of  the  hostile 
Klikitats  and  Yakimas  adjoined  a  portage  be- 
tween the  cascades,  on  which  portage  a  large 
quantity  of  government  stores  was  exposed. 
This  was  a  strong  inducement  to  the  Indians  to 
attack  the  point,  and  it  should  have  been  heav- 
ily guarded.  On  the  contrary  the  company  at 
the  Cascades,  on  March  24,  was  sent  away, 
with  the  exception  of  eight  men  under  com- 
mand of  Sergeant  Matthew  Kelly.  The  latter 
was  a  member  of  the  4th  infantry.  The  upper 
and  lower  ends  of  the  portage  were  connected 
by  a  wagon  road.  The  stream  above  the  port- 
age was  named  Rock  Creek,  on  which  was  a 
saw  mill.  In  this  vicinity  were  a  number  of 
families  and  the  trading  post  of  Bradford  & 
Company.  An  island  in  the  river  was  con- 
nected with  the  mainland  by  a  bridge.  The  first 
steamer  to  run  on  the  Columbia,  trading  be- 
tween The  Dalles  and  the  Cascades,  was  the 
Mary.  This  craft  was  at  her  landing  near  Rock 
Creek.  The  block-house  was?  located  about 
midway  between  the  two  cascades  and  near  it 
lived  the  families  of  George  Griswold  and  W. 
K.  Kilborn. 

General  Wool,  after  giving  his  orders, 
which  resulted  so  disastrously,  had  returned  to 
California.  The  force  of  Colonel  Wright  had 
moved  from  The  Dalles;  his  rear  left  un- 
guarded. At  the  upper  settlement  of  the  Cas- 
cades, on  the  morning  of  March  26,  a  force  of 
Klikitats  and  Yakimas  appeared  with  hostile 
demonstrations.  Some  of  the  settlers  had  gone 
to  their  daily  avocations,  but  the  hour  being 
early,  the  crew  of  the  Mary  had  not  reached 
the  boat.  The  Indians  who  had  taken  their  po- 
sition   under    cover    of    darkness    opened    the  | 


fight,  if  such  an  attack  on  almost  defenseless 
settlers  could  be  termed  a  fight,  with  a  rapid 
rifle  fire  from  the  brush.  One  of  the  whites  was 
shot  dead  and  a  number  wounded  at  the  first 
volley.  It  developed  into  an  Indian  massacre 
accompanied  by  all  the  horrid  features  inci- 
dental to  such  scenes,  and  those  who  fell  vic- 
tims to  rifle  balls  were  immediately  toma- 
hawked and  scalped.  Among  the  first  to  fall 
was  the  family  of  B.  W.  Brown.  Himself, 
wife,  a  young  boy  and  his  sister,  eighteen  years 
of  age,  were  slain  and  thrown  into  the  river. 

Bradford  &  Company's  store,  a  log  struc- 
ture, appeared  to  be  the  only  place  of  refuge, 
and  to  this  fled  the  workmen  on  the  bridge  and 
a  number  of  settlers.  Then  began  the  memor- 
able siege  of  the  Cascades.  Of  the  forty  people 
gathered  in  the  store  building  eighteen  were 
able  to  make  a  defensive  showing,  and  armed 
with  nine  government  rifles  which,  with  some 
ammunition,  had  been  left  of  the  store  to  be  for- 
warded to  Vancouver,  they  replied  to  the  fire  of 
the  enemy  to  the  best  of  their  ability.  All  ad- 
vantages of  position  were  with  the  hostiles. 
They  were  concealed  on  higher  ground  and,  ap- 
parently, had  the  settlers  at  their  mercy.  It  was 
in  the  first  onslaught  of  this  savage  attack  that 
James  Sinclair,  one  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany's agents,  was  killed.  He  was  shot  through 
an  open  door  in  a  manner  similar  to  the  assas- 
sination of  Lieutenant  Slaughter. 

Providentially  the  steamer  Mary  was  not 
captured.  An  attack  was  made  upon  the  boat 
and  the  fireman,  James  Linsay,  shot  through  the 
shoulder.  A  negro  cook,  having  been  wounded, 
leaped  into  the  stream  and  was  drowned.  One 
Indian  was  shot  and  killed  by  the  engineer, 
Buskminister,  and  John  Chance,  son  of  the 
steward,  killed  another  hostile.  To  effect  the 
escape  of  the  boat  it  became  necessary  for  Har- 
din Chenoweth,  the  pilot,  to  manipulate  the 
wheel  while  lying  prone  on  the  floor  of  the  pilot 
house.  The  families  of  Sheppard  and  Vander- 
pool  ventured  from  the  shore  in  skiffs,  and  were 
picked   up   in    midstream.      The   gallant   little 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


Mary  was  tlien  off  up  tiie  river  for  succor.  Sev- 
eral fatalities  afterward  occurred  among  the 
settlers  and  a  number  of  hairbreadth  escapes 
are  recorded.  The  Indians  fired  the  mill  and 
lumber  yards  and  tried  desperately  to  burn  the 
log  store.  The  absence  of  water  was  added  to 
the  elements  of  horror  surrounding  the  be- 
seiged  settlers.  Within  the  store  one  man  was 
dead,  Sinclair,  and  four  others  severely 
wounded.  A  few  dozen  bottles  of  ale  and  whis- 
key comprised  the  liquids  available  for  thirty- 
nine  people,  the  greater  number  being  women 
and  children. 

In  this  dire  emergency  justice  demands  that 
credit  be  given  to  a  Spokane  Indian  in  the  party 
who  risked  his  life  to  procure  water  from  the 
stream.  At  first  he  succeeded  in  getting  water 
only  sufficient  for  the  wounded,  but  the  suc- 
ceeding day  he  was  enabled  to  fill  two  barrels 
and  convey  them  inside  the  store.  Meanwhile 
the  imprisoned  settlers  were  harassed  by  fears 
^  for  the  safety  of  the  Mary.  The  capture  of  this 
boat  meant  utter  failure  to  receive  reinforce- 
ments and  relief. 

The  attack  on  the  block-house  below  Brad- 
ford &  Company's  store  was  simultaneous  with 
the  assault  above.  The  garrison  comprised  nine 
persons,  five  of  whom  only  were  inside  the 
structure  at  the  time  of  the  unexpected  attack. 
The  Indians  had  massed  themselves  on  an  ad- 
jacent hill.  One  of  the  garrison  who  had  been 
caught  outside  the  block-house  was  shot 
through  the  hip,  but  managed  to  crawl  to  the 
door,  where  he  was  admitted.  Cannon  was 
brought  to  bear  on  the  enemy,  and  soon 
afterward  the  neighboring  settlers  came 
running  to  the  rude  fort  for  protec- 
tion. A  number  of  them  were  killed,  but  such 
as  reached  the  fort  alive  were  taken  inside.  Dur- 
ing four  hours  a  heavy  fire  was  kept  up  by  Ixith 
sides,  and  an  attempt  to  fire  the  block-house  at 
night  was  repulsed.  The  Indians  prowled  about 
with  horrid  yells,  and  did  what  damage  they 
could  do  to  surrounding  property.  Some  pro- 
visions were  procured  on  the  27th  from  an  ad- 


jacent house  by  three  soldiers.  The  congres- 
sional report  of  "Indian  Hostilities  in  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territories,"  11-12,  gives  the 
names  of  the  plucky  garrison  of  this  block- 
house. They  were  M.  Kelly,  Frederick  Beman, 
Owen  McManus,  Lawrence  Rooney  (killed  in 
the  first  attack).  Smiley,  Houser,  Williams, 
Roach  and  Sheridan.  On  the  second  day  of  the 
fight  the  latter  four  went  out  and  returned 
with  the  dead  and  wounded. 

An  attack  on  the  Lower  Cascades  did  not 
result  in  loss  of  lives.  Many  of  the  settlers 
were  warned  of  the  assault  on  the  block-house 
by  a  half-breed  boy,  who  informed  W.  K.  Kil- 
born  and  urged  him  to  leave  the  neighborhood. 
Kilborn  owned  a  Columbia  river  freight  boat, 
and  by  means  of  this  craft  he  saved  the  lives  of 
his  own  family  and  those  of  several  others.  Ar- 
riving at  Vancoviver  Kilborn  apprised  the  resi- 
dents of  that  place  of  the  outbreak.  This  news 
threw  the  people  into  consternation,  and  they 
expected  momentarily  to  be  attacked.  The  dif- 
ficult problem  presented  was  to  send  reinforce- 
ments to  the  Cascades  and  retain,  at  the  same 
time,  sufficient  force  to  protect  Vancouver.  To 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  fort,  for  greater 
safety.  Colonel  Morris  removed  the  women  and 
children  of  the  garrison.  In  his  "History  of 
Washington,  Idaho  and  Montana,"  Hubert 
Howe  Bancroft  states  that  Coloneil  Alorris 
"refused  arms  to  the  captain  of  the  volunteer 
home  guards  in  obedience  to  the  orders  of 
General  Wool."   Mr.  Bancroft  says  further : 

"I  take  this  statement  from  a  correspondent 
of  the  Olympi-a  Pioneer  and  Democrat  of  April 
25,  1856,  who  says  that  Kelly,  of  the  volun- 
teers, went  to  the  officer  in  command  at  that 
post  and  requested  to  be  furnished  with  arms,  as 
all  the  arms  in  the  country  had  gone  to  furnish 
a  company  in  the  field — Captain  Maxon's.  'He 
was  insulted — told  to  mind  his  own  business.' 
A  few  days  later  a  consignment  of  arms  from 
the  east  arrived,  for  the  use  of  the  territory, 
and  the  settlers  were  furnished  from  that 
supply." 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


45 


.If  such  was  the  order  of  General^  Wool  it 
cerininly  exhibits  a  marked  degree  of  hostility 
toward  the  volunteers  of  Washington  and  Ore- 
gon, and  unpleasantly  emphasized  one  more 
blunder  on  the  part  of  the  veteran  of  the  Mexi- 
can war.  It  will  be  noted  in  another  portion  of 
this  chapter  that  the  brunt  of  the  fighting  in  the 
various  Indian  outbreaks  fell  upon  volunteers. 
The  efforts  of  the  regulars  were  purely  sup- 
plementary and  were  not  conducted  with  the 
success  worthy  of  the  most  ordinary  tactician. 

Lieutenant  Philip  Sheridan,  of  whom  we 
now  hear  for  the  first  time  in  connection  with 
military  movements,  on  the  morning  of  the  27th 
left  on  the  steamer  Belle  for  the  Cascades.  With 
him  were  a  small  detachment  of  one  company 
assigned  by  General  Wool  for  the  protection  of 
Vancouver.  Fugiti\es  were  met.  in  the  river; 
some  of  them  on  a  schooner,  others  in  a 
batteau.  The  men  among  these  settlers,  flying 
for  their  lives,  immediately  volunteered  to  re- 
turn and  participate  in  the  punishment  of  the 
hostiles,  an  exhibition  of  manliness  which  fully 
illustrates  the  spirit  which  invariably  animated 
the  Washington  and  Oregon  volunteers,  despite 
the  severe  and  unwarranted  strictures  of  Gen- 
eral Wool.  A  reconnoitre  was  made  by  Sheri- 
dan on  arriving  at  the  lower  end  of  the  portage, 
and  the  condition  of  affairs  at  the  Cascades  and 
the  block-house  was  gleaned  from  some  Cas- 
cade Indians.  On  the  Washington  side  of  the 
Columbia  Sheridan  landed  his  men ;  the  boat 
being  sent  back  for  more  ammunition  to  Van- 
cou\'er.  Two  of  Sheridan's^  men  were  shot 
down  while  effecting  a  landing.  Relief  of  the 
block-house  was  not  effected  immediately  as 
the  party  was  unable  to  advance  during  the  day. 

On  the  steamer  Fashion  another  relief  party 
was  enroute  from  Portland.  Thirty  men  had 
been  recruited  by  Benjamin  Stark  and  H.  P. 
Dennison  on  the  26th,  and  this  number  was  in- 
creased by  other  volunteers  from  Vancouver. 
It  was  midnight,  the  26th,  that  Colonel  Wright 
received  news  of  the  attack  on  the  Cascades. 
He   had   remo\-ed   from   The   Dalles  with   his 


troops  to  Five-Mile  Creek,  where  he  was  en- 
camped. With  two  hundred  and  fifty  men  he 
went  back  to  The  Dalles,  boarded  the  steamers 
Mary  and  Wasco,  and  reached  the  Cascades  on 
the  morning  of  the  28th.  At  the  latter  place 
it  was  the  belief  of  the  garrison  that  the  Mary 
had  been  captured  by  the  Indians.  With  only 
four  rounds  of  ammunition  left,  and  in  ignor- 
ance of  the  arrival  of  Sheridan,  the  settlers  in 
their  desperation  had  determined  to  board  a 
government  flat-boat  and  go  over  the  falls 
rather  than  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians. 
The  pleasure  with  which  they  caught  sight  of 
the  Mary  and  Wasco  rounding  the  bend  of  the 
river  can  be  better  imagined  than  described. 
With  the  timely  arival  of  these  troops  the  In- 
dians disappeared.  Under  command  of  Colonel 
Steptoe  two  companies  of  the  9th  infantry,  a 
detachment  of  dragoons  and  the  3rd  artillery 
advanced  to  the  block-house  and  from  this  point 
to  the  landing  below.  Lieutenant  Sheridan's 
command  coming  up  at  the  same  time  alarmed 
the  Indians  and  they  vanished  with  remarkable 
celerity.  Colonel  Steptoe  lost  one  soldier  and 
one  hostile  was  killed.  Subsequently  nine  In- 
dians who  were  identified  as  having  engaged 
in  the  massacre  at  the  Cascades  were  captured 
and  executed. 

It  was  the  opinion  of  Governor  Stevens, 
formed  after  his  return  to  Olympia,  that  Indian 
hostilities  in  the  immediate  future  were  to  be 
confined  to  the  Yakima  country  and  Walla 
Walla  valley.  January  21,  1856,  in  a  special 
message  addressed  to  the  legislative  assembly, 
he  dwelt  with  great  earnestness  on  the  desirabil- 
ity of  acquiring  title  to  the  country  unincum- 
bered by  Indian  claims.  This  had  been  the  mo- 
tive of  his  recent  trip  to  the  country  of  the  Nez 
Perces,  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  other  tribes  far  to 
the  eastward  of  the  Cascade  range.  He  said 
that  nearly  all  the  diff'erent  tribes  whom  he  had 
interviewed  had  laeen,  apparently,  quite  willing 
to  concede  this  point.  But  the  governor  added. 
that  he  had  been  deceived  in  this  respect,  and 
that  it  would  now  be  necessarv  to  send  soldiers 


46 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


from  the  Sound  into  the  Indian  country  east  of 
the  Cascades.  Furthermore  he  was  opposed  to 
treaties  and  favored  extermination. 

In  this  conclusion  Governor  Stevens  was, 
as  events  subsequently  proved,  greatly  de- 
ceived. So  far  from  confining  their  depreda- 
tions to  the  Walla  Walla  valley  the  Indians 
were  even  then  making  preparations  to  raid  the 
coast  of  the  Sound.  Althogh  the  ensuing  war 
was,  for  a  period,  confined  to  the  country  north 
of  the  Steilacoom,  terror  ran  riot  in  other  iso- 
lated and  unprotected  localities.  Many  mur- 
ders were  committed  and  a  great  deal  of  valu- 
able property  destroyed  by  the  remorseless  sav- 
ages. Then  it  was  that  Governor  Stevens  re- 
turned to  Olympia  and  ordered  a  portion  of 
the  southern  battalion  to  the  Sound  country, 
During  the  spring  of  1856  a  decisive  engage- 
ment with  the  Indians  was  had  at  White  river, 
resulting  in  the  complete  rout  of  the  savages, 
although  they  outnumbered  the  whites  two  to 
one.  Governor  Ste\'ens  proclaimed  martial 
law.  Fighting  occurred  on  John  Day  river  and 
in  June,  1856,  Major  Layton  captured  thirty- 
four  warriors.  A  spirited  engagement  between 
the  Indians  and  Colonel  Shaw  took  place  on  the 
Grand  Rond,  but  following  this  the  hostiles 
broke  up  into  small  bands,  but  sufficiently  ag- 
gressive to  create  considerable  activity  among 
the  troops.  One  of  the  most  effective  methods 
adopted  to  dishearten  the  enemy  was  that  of 
stopping  supplies  and  capturing  the  Indians' 
horses  in  various  raids.  Some  of  the  savages 
were  neutral ;  nearly  all  of  them  needy ;  and 
during  a  vigorous  march  through  the  country 
overtures  made  by  the  United  States  were,  in  a 
large  number  of  cases,  accepted.  Of  the 
Wasco,  Des  Chutes,  Tyghe  and  John  Day 
tribes,  nine  hundred  and  twenty-three  surren- 
dered, and  four  hundred  of  the  more  truculent 
Yakimas  and  Klikitats  surrendered  to  Colonel 
Wright.  Following  this  they  received  gov- 
ernment aid. 

While  these  scenes  were  being  enacted  on  i 
the  Sound  it  had  been  impossible  for  Governor  ! 


Stevens  to  deploy  troops  east  of  the  Cascade 
range.  Of  this  fact  the  Indians  in  that  country 
took  advantage.  It  required  the  best  diplomatic 
efforts  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Graig  to  hold  the 
Nez  Perces  and  Spokanes  to  their  allegiance, 
and  finally,  July  24,  Captain  Robie  informed 
Colonel  Shaw  that  the  Nez  Perces  had  become 
recalcitrant,  declared  hostile  intentions  and  re- 
fused all  ofifers  of  government  supplies.  It  was 
at  this  annoying  juncture  of  affairs  that  Gov- 
ernor Stevens  decided  to  go  to  Walla  Walla 
and  hold  a  council.  He  found  conditions  de- 
cidedly worse  than  had  been  reported.  Al- 
though Colonel  Wright  had  been  pressed  to 
join  the  council  he  declined,  urging  that  it 
would  be  better  to  establish  at  Walla  Walla  a 
strong  military  post  with  Stepoe  in  command. 

This  council  was  not  crowned  with  the 
most  satisfactory  results.  The  Cayuses,  Des 
Chutes  and  Tyghes,  although  they  arrived  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  meeting  place,  were  disposed 
to  be  sullen  and  unfriendly.  They  refused  to 
pay  a  visit  to  Governor  Stevens,  exhibited  signs 
of  hostility  by  firing  the  grass  and  otherwise 
gave  evidence  of  malevolence.  Kamiakin  and 
Owhi,  Yakimas  and  Oualchin,  of  the  Cceur 
d'Alenes,  also  refused  to  attend  and  passed  their 
time  sowing  seeds  of  dissension  whenever  and 
wherever  opportunity  offered.  On  the  nth  of 
September  the  council  opened  and  closed  dis- 
mally on  the  17th.  It  became  necessary  for 
Governor  Stevens  to  remove  to  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  Steptoe's  camp  through  fear  of  vio- 
lence from  the  Indians.  No  pipe  of  peace  was 
smoked  and  no  satisfactory  results  achieved. 
The  Indians  demanded  to  be  left  in  peaceful 
possession  of  all  the  country  claimed  by  them 
as  "domains,"  and  declared  most  emphatically 
that  no  other  terms  would  be  accepted.  It  was 
with  no  little  difficulty  that  Governor  Stevens 
succeeeded  in  getting  out  of  the  country  alive. 
His  train  was  attacked  on  its  way  back  to  The 
Dalles  and  two  of  the  escort  killed.  Following 
this  humiliating  repulse  of  the  governor,  and 
after  his  return  to  the  Sound,  Colonel  Wright 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


47 


marched  to  Walla  Walla  and  ordered  all  the 
chiefs  to  meet  him  in  council.  It  was,  evident- 
ly, the  intention  of  Wright  to  adopt  drastic 
measures,  but  few  Indians  attended  the  coun- 
cil, and,  like  the  preceding  one,  it  bore  no 
fruit.  Those  who  came  said,  sullenly,  that  they 
were  opposed  to  confirmation  of  the  Walla 
Walla  treaty.  Troops  were  at  once  thrown 
into  the  various  posts,  including  Mill  Creek, 
Fort  Dalles  and  the  Cascades  settlement,  and 
preparations  made  to  secure  all  from  invasion 
during  the  approaching  winter. 

Throughout  this  summer  and  while  at- 
tempts were  being  made  to  pacify  the  Indians 
east  of  the  Cascade  range,  hostilities  continued 
on  the  Sound.  The  Puyallups  and  Nisquallies, 
at  a  council  held  at  Fox  Island,  August  4th, 
convinced  Governor  Stevens  that  an  injustice 
had  been  done  them  through  the  limitations  of 
their  reservation.  An  enlargement  was  recom- 
mended by  the  governor,  and  a  resurvey  or- 
dered, which  absorbed  thirteen  donation  claims. 
Subsequently  congress  appropriated  $5,000  to- 
ward improvements. 

The  story  of  the  capture  and  execution  of 
Leschi  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  sensational 
Indian  episodes  in  the  career  of  Governor  Ste- 
vens. Leschi,  together  with  Nelson,  Stahi, 
Quiemuth  and  the  younger  Kitsap,  had  been 
ringleaders  in  the  attack  on  the  Decatur,  in  the 
Sound,  and  now  Governor  Stevens  desired  to 
try  them  for  murder.  These  Indians  had  at- 
tended the  council  with  Colonel  Wright,  in  the 
Yakima  country,  and  Wright  had  paroled  them. 
At  that  period  an  attempt  was  being  made  to 
quiet  the  Indians  east  of  the  Cascade  range. 
In  the  opinion  of  Wright,  of  whom  these  five 
savages  had  been  demanded,  it  would  be  unwise 
at  this  juncture  to  give  them  over  to  certain  ex- 
ecution, but  the  governor  was  insistent  in  his 
demands,  and  again  made  requisition  for  the 
hostiles.  To  this  demand  nearly  all  the  army 
officers  were  opposed,  believing  the  policy  to  be 
unwise. 

In  November  Leschi  was  arrested.     Slug- 


gia  and  Elikukah,  two  of  his  own  people,  be- 
trayed him  into  the  hands  of  the  whites.  At 
that  period  Leschi  was  an  outcast  and,  practi- 
cally, outlawed  by  both  Yakimas  and  whites. 
The  traitorous  Sluggia  and  Elikukah  found  him 
and  handed  him  over  to  Sydney  S.  Ford  who 
forwarded  him  on  to  Olympia.  Leschi  was 
now  t6  stand  trial  for  the  killing  of  A.  B. 
Moses.  At  the  first  trial,  November  14,  the 
jury  failed  to  agree.  March  18,  1857,  a  sec- 
ond trial  was  had,  resulting  in  conviction 
June  10  was  the  day  set  for  his  execution. 
The  attorneys  engaged  for  Leschi' s  defense 
appealed  the  case  to  the  supreme  court,  and  this 
appeal  served  as  a  stay  of  proceedings  and  de- 
ferred execution  beyond  the  day  assigned. 
However,  the  verdict  of  the  lower  court  was 
sustained  and  January  22,  1858,  was  set  as  the 
day  for  the  hanging  of  Leschi.  McMullin, 
who  had  succeeded  Stevens,  was  now  governor 
of  Washington.  Friends  of  Leschi  appealed  to 
him  for  pardon ;  seven  hundred  settlers  vigor- 
ously protested.  The  execution  was  to  be  at 
Steilacoom  and  on  the  day  set  there  was  a  large 
audience.  This  time,  however,  the  death  pen- 
j  alty  was  delayed  by  friends  of  the  condemned 
by  a  most  peculiar  legal  manipulation.  Shortly 
before  the  time  for  the  execution  the  sherifif  and 
his  deput}-  were  placed  under  arrest  by  a  Uni- 
ted States  marshal.  The  charge  against  the 
prisoners  was  that  of  selHng  liquor  to  Indians. 
In  vain  an  attempt  was  made  to  reach  the 
sherifif  and  secure  the  death  warrant,  without 
which  it  would  be  impossible  to  strangle  Leschi 
legally.  But  that  officer  was  retained  in  close 
custody  until  the  period  set  for  Leschi's  hang- 
ing had  passed.  The  "United  States  marshall" 
in  these  proceedings  was  Lieutenant  McKibben, 
stationed  at  Fort  Steilacoom,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed for  that  express  purpose.  All  in  all 
this  coup  was  in  the  nature  of  a  ruse  on  the 
part  of  the  regular  army,  between  whom  and 
the  citizens  of  the  territory  there  was  at  all 
times  considerable  friction. 

Indignation  at  this  perversion  of  justice  and 


48 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


palpable  miscarriage  of  law  ran  high  among  the 
people.  Public  meetmgs  of  protest  were  held 
and  the  legislature  appealed  to.  This  body  pro- 
ceeded to  adjust  matters  in  a  most  strenuous 
manner,  repealing  certain  laws  and  enacting 
new  ones  until  the  legal  coils  around  Leschi 
were  deemed  sufficiently  strong  to  insure  his 
punishment.  Again  the  prisoner  was  tried  and, 
although  his  counsel  demurred  to  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  court,  he  was  overruled  and  Febru- 
ary 19.  1858,  the  Indian  who  had  so  success- 
fully fought  off  the  hounds  of  law  was  hanged. 
It  is  a  matter  of  historical  record  that  fe\v  of 
the  more  active  Indian  participants  in  the  vari- 
ous outbreaks  on  the  Sound  escaped.  Three 
of  them  were  assassinated  by  white  men  in  re- 
venge for  the  murder  of  friends;  a  number 
were  hanged  at  Fort  Steilacoom;  one  of  his 
own  people  killed  Kitsap  in  June,  1857,  on 
Muckleshoot  prairie,  and  Leschi's  friends  re- 
venged themselves  by  taking  the  life  of  the 
treacherous  Sluggia.  Comparative  peace  was 
restored  to  the  Sound  country,  yet  the  horrors 
of  the  outbreak  were  long  remembered.  To 
the  Puyallup  and  upper  White  River  valley 
many  of  the  settlers  did  not  return  until  1859. 

Patkanim,  the  horrible  blood-hunter,  who, 
for  American  gold,  trafficked  in  human  heads 
as  nonchalantly  as  he  would  deal  in  wolf-pelts, 
did  not  long  survive  the  war.  The  following 
estimation  of  this  barbarian  is  given  by  the 
Pioneer  and  Democrat  under  date,  January  21, 
1859:  "It  is  just  as  well  that  he  is  out  of  the 
way,  as,  in  spite  of  everything,  we  never  be- 
lieved in  his  friendship." 

Indemnity  claims  following  Indian  troubles 
on  the  Sound  amounted  to  some  twelve  thous- 
and dollars,  which  sum  was  appropriated  by 
congress.  But  the  actual  expenses  incidental 
to  the  conduct  of  this  war,  a  war  in  behalf  of 
the  peace  and  prosperity  of  ^Vashington  and 
Oregon,  approached  quite  nearly  six  million 
dollars,  or  exactly  $5,931,424.78,  divided  as 
follows:  Washington,  $1,481,475.45;  Ore- 
gon.   $4,449,949.33.      Payment    of    $1,409,- 


604.53  ^'^'^s  made  to  the  Oregon,  and  $519,- 
593.06  to  the  Washington  volunteers.  At  that 
period  the  eminent  editor  and  publicist,  Horace 
Greeley,  had  not  advised  the  young  men  of  the 
country  to  "go  west,"  and  he  was  unkind 
enough  to  say,  in  the  New  York  Tribune: 
"The  enterprising  territories  of  Oregon  and 
Washington  have  handed  into  congress  their 
little  bill  for  scalping  Indians  and  violating 
squaws  two  years  ago.  After  these  (the 
French  spoliation  claims)  shall  have  been  paid 
half  a  century  or  so,  we  trust  the  claims  of  the 
Oregon  and  Washington  Indian  fighters  will 
come  up  for  consideration." 

The  scene  of  Indian  troubles  now  removes 
itself  to  a  point  in  eastern  Washington  more 
immediately  identified  with  the  limitations  of 
this  history.  In  April,  1858,  the  mines  in  the 
vicinity  of  Colville  had  become  attractive  to 
"stampeders,"  and  two  white  men  pushing  on 
into  the  "gold  country,"  had  been  slain  by  a 
party  of  savages  belonging  to  the  Palouse  tribe. 
A  petition  for  troops,  signed  by  forty  residents 
of  Colville,  had  been  forwarded  to  Colonel 
Steptoe.  The  latter  informed  General  Clarke 
of  the  fact  and  advised  that  an  expedition  be 
sent  north  to  punish  the  savages  and  protect 
the  settlers.  Adding  to  the  crime  of  murder 
the  Palouses  had  gone  down  into  the  Walla 
Walla  country  and  driven  away  a  band  of  gov- 
ernment cattle.  The  Palouses  who,  it  was 
claimed,  had  killed  the  Colville  miners,  were 
found  by  Colonel  Steptoe  at  the  Alpowah. 
Steptoe  had  left  Walla  Walla  May  6,  1858, 
with  one  hundred  and  tliirty  dragoons  cji  route 
for  the  country  of  the  Nez  Perces.  On  ap- 
proach of  the  whites  the  Indians  fled.  Because 
Steptoe  placed  no  confidence  in  a  report  he  re- 
ceived on  the  1 6th  that  the  Spokanes  were 
making  arrangements  to  attack  him  he,  unfor- 
tunately, found  himself  surrounded  with  a  force 
of  six  hundred  miscellaneous  "braves,"  includ- 
ing warriors  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes,  Palouses, 
Spokanes  and  Nez  Perces.  They  were  attired 
in  war'paint  and  had  chosen  a  position  where 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


49 


from  three  sides  they  could  assault  Steptoe's 
detachment  of  troops.  During  a  short  parley 
the  Spokanes  confirmed  the  reports  that  they 
were  on  the  war  path,  and  announced  that  they 
purposed  to  do  considerable  fighting  before  the 
whites  would  be  permitted  to  ford  the  Spokane 
river.  Doubtless  the  Indians  were  emboldened 
in  their  conduct  by  the  fact  that  these  dragoons 
of  Steptoe's  were  without  other  means  of  de- 
fense than  their  small  arms.  For  this  inexcus- 
able blunder  no  reason  has  ever  been  assigned, 
and  none  could  be  that  would,  at  this  day,  be 
acceptable  to  a  military  man.  The  savages 
rode  along  side  by  side  with  the  troops  and 
hurled  at  them  insults  and  cries  of  defiance. 
At  nightfall  the  chiefs  demanded  to  know  the 
reason  for  this  invasion  of  their  country. 

No  explanation  was  made  that  in  any  way 
pacified  the  chiefs,  although  Steptoe  said  that, 
having  learned  of  trouble  near  Colville  he  was 
on  his  way  thither  to  inquire  into  the  cause  of 
it.  The  chiefs  pointed  out  the  fact  that  he  was 
not  on  the  Colville  road  at  all.  Unfortunately 
he  had  been  led  astray  by  a  guide,  Timothy,  by 
name.  Without  suitable  arms,  and  otherwise 
unprepared  for  fighting,  Steptoe  decided  to  re- 
treat. He  began  his  return  to  the  Palouse  on 
the  17th.  A  few  miles  away  a  party  of  Coeeur 
d'Alenes  were  gathering  roots,  and  to  them  the 
Spokanes  appealed  asking  their  assistance  in 
bagging  an  enemy  whom  the  Spokanes,  par- 
ticularly, did  not  intend  to  allow  to  leave  the 
country  alive.  A  Cceeur  d'Alene  chief,  named 
Vincent,  attempted  to  hold  a  parley  with  Colo- 
nel Steptoe,  but  firing  was  commenced  by  the 
Palouses  and  the  skirmish  soon  resolved  itself 
into  a  general  engagement.  Encumbered  by  a 
pack  train,  which  it  was  necessary  to  guard; 
passing  over  ground  rough  and  most  favorable 
for  Indians  and  their  mode  of  warfare  Step- 
toe's command  labored  under  a  serious  disad- 
vantage, and  were  in  no  condition  for  any 
effective  fighting.  The  savages  charged  a  com- 
pany commanded  by  Lieutenant  Gregg,  but 
the  prompt  support  given  by  Lieutenant  Gas- 


ton repulsed  the  Indians  and  they  suffered  se- 
verely at  this  point.  Twelve  of  them  were 
killed,  including  Jacques  Zachary,  brother-in- 
law  of  Vincent:  James  and  Victor,  the  latter 
one  of  the  powerful  chiefs  of  the  Cceur  d' 
Alenes.  Later  on,  while  attemping  to  reach  a 
stream  of  water.  Lieutenant  William  Gaston 
and  Captain  Oliver  H.  P.  Taylor  were  killed. 
The  result  of  this  "Battle  of  Steptoe  Butte,"" 
fought  at  a  place  seven  miles  from  the  present 
town  of  Colfax,  must  be,  impartially,  recorded 
as  a  defeat  for  the  whites.  On  the  morning  of 
the  19th  the  retreating  troops  reached  Snake 
river  and  from  this  point  continued  on  to  Walla 
Walla. 

The  animosity  of  the  Indians  exhibited  in- 
this  disaster  has  been  variously  explained.  The 
most  plausible  reason  for  it  lies,  probably,  in  the 
fact  that  the  Cceur  d'  Alenes  had  been  told  of 
the  proposed  government  road  through  their 
country,  from  the  Missouri  to  the  Columbia 
river.  This  was  subsequently  completed  by 
Lieutenant  Mullan,  from  Fort  Walla  Walla 
to  Fort  Benton. 

In  June,  1858,  active  preparations  were 
made  to  avenge  the  defeat  of  Steptoe.  Quite  a 
large  body  of  troops  were  mobilized  at  Fort 
Walla  Walla,  some  of  them  being  brought 
from  San  Francisco  and  other  California 
points;  some  from  the  Sound.  Here  for  a 
period  of  time  they  were  industriously  drilled 
in  the  tactics  of  Indian  warfare.  This  was  to 
be  an  expedition  against  the  Cceur  d'  Alenes 
and  Spokanes ;  another  was  being  put  in  motion 
against  the  Yakimas.  The  campaign  plan  was 
to  have  Major  Garnett  move  toward  Colville 
with  three  hundred  men,  co-operate  with  Cap- 
tain Keyes,  and  "round  up"  the  tribes  of  In- 
dians. Major  Garnett  was  to  leave  August 
15;  Captain  Keyes  left  Walla  Walla  on  the 
7th.  Fort  Taylor  was  built  at  the  junction  of 
Tucannon  and  Snake  rivers,  which,  with  its 
six  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  reservation,  was 
intended  as  a  permanent  post.  Here  Colonel 
Wright  arrived  August   18.     The  expedition 


50 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


consisted  of  one  hundred  and  ninety  dragoons, 
four  hundred  artillery  and  ninety  infantry,  the 
latter  armed  with  Sharpe's  rifles.  Seventy-six 
miles  north  from  Fort  Taylor  Indians  appeared 
on  the  hills  and  fired  on  a  company  of  Nez 
Perces  Indians  who  had  been  enlisted  as  volun- 
teers by  the  whites  and  uniformed  as  regular 
soldiers.  Soon  afterward  the  hostiles  retreated. 
They  reappeared  on  September  i,  in  force, 
and  one  of  the  most  important  battles  of  this 
particular  Indian  war  was  fought.  The  victon,^ 
was  plainly  with  the  whites,  the  savages  losing 
twenty  killed  and  many  wounded. 

But  the  Indians  were  desperate.     Colonel  ' 


\\'right  resumed  his  march  September  5th,  and 
was  again  attacked  by  the  enemy.  Shells  from 
the  howitzers  burst  among  them ;  the  fire  of  the 
whites  was  deadly,  and  defeat  of  the  Indians 
complete.  On  September  10  the  Cceur 
d'Alenes  surrrendered,  and  the  redoubtable 
Vincent  was  not  the  least  active  in  inducing 
this  submission.  They  had  attempted  to  stay 
the  progress  of  civilization  through  their  wil- 
derness and  civilization  would  not  be  stayed. 
Whatever  of  home  or  country  they  once  had 
was  gone.  Henceforth  enterprise,  industry  and 
intelligence  were  to  supplant  barbaric  ignorance 
and  Indian  squalor. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


TERRITORY  AND  STATE. 


"The  West"  of  the  days  of  the  Revolution 
was  embraced  within  the  limits  of  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  longitude  89  degrees  west  from 
Greenwich,  or  12  degrees  west  from  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  Compare  this  narrow  strip  of  terri- 
tory with  the  magnitude  of  the  Northwest  of  to- 
day and  remember,  also,  that  the  geographical 
center  of  the  United  States,  from  east  to  west, 
lies  at  a  point  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  six  hundred 
miles  west  from  San  Francisco,  California. 
From  the  latter  fact  we  are  enabled  to  obtain  a 
fair  comprehension  of  the  extreme  western  ex- 
tension of  our  Alaskan  possessions. 

States  have  increased,  territorially,  since  the 
surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis.  The  "midgets," 
smaller  than  many  western  counties,  lie  along 
the  Atlantic  shore.  Washington,  the  "Ever- 
green State,"  of  whose  stirring  and  romantic 
past  this  history  treats,  is  more  than  three- 
fourths  the  size  of  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, combined,  or  more  than  equalling  the 
size  of  all  Kentucky,  Connecticut,  Massachu- 


setts, Delaware  and  Maryland.  Its  area  is 
69,994  square  miles.  Its  entire  western  boun- 
dary is  washed  by  the  waves  of  the  Pacific ;  the 
great  "ill-tasting  lake"  of  the  Indians;  discov- 
ered by  Balboa  and  once  claimed  in  all  its  sub- 
lime immensity  by  Spain  as  her  own  national 
property.  From  British  Columbia  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  which 
forms  its  boundary  until  it  reaches  a  point  where 
the  49th  degree  of  north  latitude  crosses  the 
strait.  Thence  the  northern  boundary  line  of 
Washington  runs  east  on  the  49th  parallel  two 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  nearly  to  the  1 1 7th  de- 
gree of  longitude  west  from  Greenwich,  and 
thence  south  to  the  46th  degree  of  latitude; 
thence  west  on  that  degree  until  the  Columbia 
river  is  reached,  where  Klickitat,  Walla  Walla 
and  Yakima  counties  converge,  the  Columbia 
river  then  forming  its  southern  boundary  on  to 
the  coast. 

The  Puget  Sound  Basin  and  the  great  val- 
ley of  the  Upper  Columbia  combine  to  greatly 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


diversify  the  topography  of  Washington.  Be- 
tween these  two  distinctively  marked  territor- 
ies runs  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains,  north 
and  south,  separating  "The  Inland  Empire" 
from  "The  Coast,"  or  variably,  "The  Sound 
Country."  This  mountain  range  is,  in  its  en- 
tirety, one  of  the  most  imposing  on  the  North 
American  continent.  Creeping  upward  from 
the  far  south,  for  hundreds  of  miles  but  a  suc- 
cession of  low  hills,  or  chain  of  buttes,  the  range 
grows  bolder  in  contour  and  height  until  to  the 
far  north  Mount  St.  Elias  accentuates  its  most 
imposing  altitude.  Volcanic,  snow-capped 
cones  rise  to  heights  of  fifteen  and  twenty 
thousand  feet,  and  a  number  of  the  highest  of 
these  are  within  the  boundaries  of  Washington. 
In  a  preceding  chapter  outlining  the  "Ore- 
gon Controversy,"  it  was  noted  that  in  1846, 
when  the  southern  line  of  British  Columbia  was 
finally  determined,  all  that  remained  south  of 
that  boundary  to  the  42d  parallel  was  called 
Oregon.  In  1849  ^  territorial  government  was 
granted  covering  all  the  original  Oregon.  It 
was  then  an  indefinite  region  embracing  the 
lands  lying  between  the  Rock_\-  Mountains  and 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  north  of  the  42d  parallel. 
In  185 1  steps  were  taken  toward  dividing  Ore- 
gon. All  that  portion  north  and  west  of  the 
•Columbia  river  was  thrown  into  a  new  territory, 
supplied  with  a  distinct  territorial  government. 
No  opposition  having  appeared  either  from  the 
Oregon  legislature  or  from  congress  the  con- 
summation of  this  division  was  effected  in 
1853.  Then  Washington  embraced  the  rather 
indefinite  territory  of  Idaho.  Oregon  became  a 
state  in  1859.  Washington,  then  including 
Idaho,  was  under  territorial  government,  re- 
maining thus  until  March  3,  1863,  when  the 
territory  of  Idaho  was  set  off  by  congress.  The 
eastern  portion  of  Washington,  from  a  line 
near  the  117th  degree  of  west  longitude,  and 
portions  of  Montana,  Dakota  and  Nebraska 
combined  to  form  the  creation  of  Idaho  at  that 
period. 

Of   the   first   inroads   of   civilization,   aside   1 


from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  into  the  ter- 
ritory of  Oregon,  then  including  Washington, 
Archibald  M'Vickar  writes: 

The  earliest  emigration  from  the  United  States 
for  the  purpose  of  settlement  in  this  territory  was  in 
1832.  Three  years  afterward  a  small  party  went  out 
by  land  with  Nathaniel  Wyeth,  of  the  Boston  Fishing 
and  Trading  Company  under  the  direction  of  Rev. 
James  Lee  and  David  Lee,  who  established  a  mission 
settlement  among  the  Callopoewah  Indians,  on  the 
Willamette  river.  This  colony  afterward  received  some 
small  accessions,  and  in  November,  1839,  Rev.  James 
Lee  sailed  from  the  United  States  for  the  Columbia 
river  with  a  party  of  fifty-four  persons,  among  them  six 
missionaries  and  a  physician,  with  their  families.  This 
party  arrived  safely  out,  and  the  annual  report  of  the 
missionary  society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
in  May,  1841,  presents  a  favorable  account  of  their 
labors  among  the  Indians.  Some  parties  of  young  men 
had  started  for  the  Columbia  from  states  bordering  on 
the  Mississippi.  The  whole  number  directly  attached  to 
the  mission  is  only  sixty-eight,  including  men,  women 
and  children.  The  first  settlers  along  the  river,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Parker,  who  visited  the  country  in  1835, 
consisted  of  Canadian  Frenchmen  formerly  in  the  em- 
ployment of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

"The  Oregon  Controversy,"  and  "Tragedy 
of  \Vhitman's  Mission,"  preceding  chapters, 
have  traced  in  outline  the  more  important  de- 
tails of  this  early  settlement.  Western  W^ash- 
ington,  on  the  coast,  was  the  first  portion  of  the 
torritory  settled.  The  advantages  of  sea  coast 
fishing  and  fur-trading,  of  course,  account  for 
this  fact,  together  with  its  accessibility  by  voy- 
ages around  the  Horn,  and  proximity  to  the 
more  fully  developed  settlements  of  California. 
The  name,  "Puget  Sound"  was  much  more 
familiar  to  eastern  people  and  students  than  the 
coasts  of  Oregon  or  Washington.  Thus,  in  a 
general  way,  the  resources  of  western  Wash- 
ington became  gradually  known  to  a  certain 
limited  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  ex- 
treme east.  Concerning  the  various  enterprises 
of  these  pioneers  of  Washington  Hubert  Howe 
Bancroft  has  pertinently  said  in  his  "History  of 
Washingtoti,  Idaho  and  Montana:"  "In  the 
previous  chapters  I  have  made  the  reader  ac- 
quainted with  the  earlier  American  residents  of 


52 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


the  territory  north  of  the  Columbia,  and  the 
methods  by  which  the}-  secured  themselves 
homes  and  laid  the  foundation  for  fortunes  by 
making  shingles,  bricks  and  cradling  machines, 
by  building  mills,  loading  vessels  with  timber, 
laying  out  towns,  establishing  fisheries,  explor- 
ing for  gold  and  mining  for  coal.  But  these 
were  private  enterprises  concerning  only  indi- 
viduals, or  small  groups  of  men  at  most,  and  I 
now  come  to  consider  them  as  a  body  politic, 
with  relations  to  the  government  of  Oregon 
and  to  the  general  government." 

The  plan  of  this  history  demands  that  we 
pursue  the  same  course  in  the  treatment  of  our 
subject,  and  also  to  show  how  narrowly  Wash- 
ington escaped  being  called  "Columbia."  The 
provisional  government  of  Oregon  adopted  in 
1843  did  not  include  the  terrritory  north  of  the 
Columbia  river.  So  late  as  1845,  at  the  time  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  made  a  compact 
with  this  provisional  governm,ent,  there  existed 
no  county  organizations  north  of  that  river  with 
the  exception  of  Tualatin  and  Clackamas  "dis- 
tricts," which  claimed  to  extend  northward  as 
far  as  54  degrees  40  minutes.  But  these  dis- 
tricts were  not  peopled  by  American  citizens, 
and  not  until  the  compact  went  into  efifect  was 
there  established  an  American  settlement  in  the 
region  of  Puget  Sound,  and  a  new  district 
created  called  Vancouver.  The  first  judges 
were  M.  T.  Simmons,  James  Douglas,  and 
Charles  Forrest.  John  R.  Jackson  was 
sherifif. 

Lewis  county  was  created  December  19, 
1845.  Primarily  its  northern  limit  extended  to 
54  degrees,  40  minutes,  or  was  supposed  to, 
comprising  territory  north  of  the  Columbia, 
and  west  of  the  Cowlitz,  rivers.  In  1846  it  was 
represented  in  the  legislature  by  W.  F.  Tolmie ; 
Vancouver  county  by  Henry  N.  Peers,  the  lat- 
ter described  as  "a  good  versifier  and  fair  leg- 
islator." He  was  an  attache  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company.  The  initial  agitation  for  a  new 
territory  north  of  the  Columbia  was  made  July 
4,  1 85 1.     At  Olympia  a  number  of  American 


citizens  of  the  Sound  had  assembled  to  appro- 
priately celebrate  the  day.  In  his  oration  Mr. 
Chapman  alluded  eloquently  to  "the  future 
state  of  Columbia."  His  remarks  awakened  an 
enthusiastic  response,  and  the  same  evening  a 
meeting  was  held,  the  avowed  object  of  which 
was  to  procure  a  separate  territorial  govern- 
ment. Of  this  meeting  Clanrick  Crosby  was 
chairman ;  A.  M.  Poe,  secretary.  H.  A.  Golds- 
borough,  I.  N.  Eby,  J.  B.  Chapman  and  C. 
Crosby  addressed  the  audience.  Their  speeches 
were  followed  by  the  appointment  of  a  commit- 
tee on  resolutions  which  recommended  that  a 
meeting  to  be  held  August  29  at  Cowlitz  land- 
ing, the  object  of  which  "to  take  into  care- 
ful consideration  the  present  peculiar  position 
of  the  northern  portion  of  the  territory,  its 
wants,  the  best  methods  of  supplying  those 
wants,  and  the  propriety  of  an  early  appeal  to 
congress  for  a  division  of  the  territory."  The 
convention  thus  called  was  attended  by  twenty- 
six  delegates.  It  adjourned  the  following  day, 
having  defined  the  limits  of  twelve  intended 
counties,  requested  the  benefits  of  donation 
lands,  petitioned  congress  for  a  plank  road 
from  the  Sound  to  the  mouth  of  the  Cowlitz, 
and  a  territorial  road  from  some  point  on 
Puget  Sound  to  Walla  Walla,  and  otherwise 
memorializing  congress  on  the  important  sub- 
ject of  division.  It  was  the  expressed  inten- 
tion of  the  delegates  to  move,  should  their  re- 
quest be  denied,  for  immediate  admission  into 
the  union  as  a  state.  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
enthusiasm  ran  high  at  this  meeting  on  the 
Cowlitz.  At  that  period  the  population  of 
the  territory  under  consideration  was  less  than 
four  thousand  souls. 

Nothing  tangible  resulted  from  this  meet- 
ing, although  The  Columbian,  a  weekly  news- 
paper, published  at  Olympia,  continued  the  agi- 
tation for  territorial  division  and  independent 
organization.  November  25,  1852,  a  conven- 
tion was  held  at  Monticello,  on  the  Cowlitz 
river,  at  that  period  an  enterprising  munici- 
pality   of    Northern    Oregon.      Congress    was 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


53 


again  memorialized  and  the  document  for- 
warded to  Hon.  Joseph  Lane,  territorial  dele- 
gate. This  memorial  contains  so  concise  and 
graphic  a  description  of  early  territorial  condi- 
tions that  it  is  deemed  best  to  reproduce  it  in 
full : 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled: 

The  memorial  of  the  undersigned,  delegates  of  the 
■citizens  of  Northern  Oregon,  in  convention  assembled, 
respectfully  represent  to  your  honorable  bodies  that  it 
is  the  earnest  desire  of  your  petitioners,  and  of  said 
citizens,  that  all  that  portion  of  Oregon  Territory  lying 
north  of  the  Columbia  river  and  west  of  the  great 
northern  branch  thereof,  should  be  organized  as  a 
saparate  territory  under  the  name  and  style  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Columbia,  urging  these  reasons :  In  support  of 
the  prayer  of  this  memorial,  your  petitioners  would 
respectfully  urge  the  following,  among  many  other 
reasons,  viz. : 

First:  That  the  present  Territory  of  Oregon  con- 
tains an  area  of  341,000  square  miles,  and  is  entirely  too 
large  an  extent  of  territory  to  be  embraced  within  the 
limits  of  one  state. 

Second:  That  said  territory  possesses  a  sea  coast 
of  650  miles  in  extent,  the  country  east  of  the  Cascade 
mountains  is  bound  to  that  on  the  coast  by  the  strongest 
ties  of  interest ;  and,  inasmuch  as  your  petitioners  be- 
lieve that  'the  territory  must  inevitably  be  divided  at 
no  very  distant  day,  they  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  would 
be  unjust  that  one  state  should  possess  so  large  a  sea- 
board to  the  exclusion  of  that  of  the  interior. 

Third:  The  territory  embraced  within  the  bound- 
aries of  the  proposed  "'Territory  of  Columbia,"  contain- 
ing an  area  of  about  32,000  square  miles,  is,  in  the 
opinion  of  your  petitioners,  about  a  fair  and  just  medium 
of  territorial  extent  to  form  one  state. 

Fourth :  The  proposed  "Territory  of  Columbia" 
presents  natural  resources  capable  of  supporting  a  popu- 
lation at  least  as  large  as  that  of  any  state  in  the  union 
possessing  an  equal  extent  of  territory. 

Fifth :  Those  portions  of  Oregon  Territory  lying 
respectively  north  and  south  of  the  Columbia  river  must, 
from  their  geographical  position,  always  rival  each 
other  in  commercial  advantages,  and  their  respective 
citizens  must,  as  they  now  and  always  have  been,  be 
actuated  by  a  spirit  of  opposition. 

Sixth:  The  southern  part  of  Oregon  Territory,  hav- 
ing a  majority  of  voters,  have  controlled  the  territorial 
legislature,  and  benefit  from  the  appropriations  made 
by  congress  for  said  territory,  which  were  subject  to  the 
disposition  of  said  legislature. 

Seventh :  The  seat  of  the  territorial  legislature  is 
now  situated,  by  the  nearest  practicable  route,  at  a  dis- 
tance of  four  hundred  miles  from  a  large  portion  of  the 
citizens  of  Northern  Oregon. 


Eighth :  A  great  part  of  the  legislation  suitable  to 
the  south,  is,  for  local  reasons,  opposed  to  the  interests 
of  the  north,  inasmuch  as  the  south  has  a  majority  of 
votes,  and  representatives  are  always  bound  to  reflect 
the  will  of  their  constituents,  your  petitioners  can  enter- 
tain no  reasonable  hopes  that  their  legislative  wants  will 
ever  be  properly  regarded  under  the  present  organiza- 
tion. 

Ninth :  Exprience  has,  in  the  opinion  of  your 
petitioners,  well  established  the  principle  that  in  states 
having  a  moderate  sized  territory,  the  wants  of  the 
people  are  more  easily  made  known  to  their  representa- 
tives there  is  less  danger  of  a  conflict  between  sectional 
interests,  and  more  prompt  and  adequate  legislation  can 
always  be  obtained. 

In  conclusion  your  petitioners  would  respectfully 
represent  that  Northern  Oregon,  with  its  great  natural 
resources,  presenting  such  unparalleled  inducements  to 
immigrants,  and  with  its  present  large  population,  and 
rapidly  increasing  by  immigration,  is  of  sufficient  im- 
portance, in  a  national  point  of  view,  to  merit  the  foster- 
ing care  of  congress,  and  its  interests  are  so  numerous 
and  so  entirely  distinct  in  their  character,  as  to  demand 
the  attention  of  a  separate  and  independent  legislature. 

Wherefore  your  petitioners  pray  your  honorable 
bodies  will  at  an  early  day  pass  a  law  organizing  the 
district  of  country  above  described  under  a  territorial 
government,  to  be  named  "The  Territory  of  Columbia." 

Done  in  convention  assembled  at  the  town  of  Monti- 
cello,  Oregon  Territory,  this  25th  day  of  November, 
A.  D.,  1852. 

G.  M.  McC0N.A.HA,   President. 
R.  V.  White,  Secretary. 

This  memorial  was  signed  by  forty-one 
other  delegates.  Congressional  Delegate 
Joseph  Lane  earnestly  supported  the  bill  for 
the  formation  of  Columbia  Territory  subse- 
quently introduced.  February  10,  1853,  the 
bill,  amended  by  Mr.  Stanton,  of  Kentucky, 
striking  out  the  word  "Columbia"'  and  insert- 
ing in  lieu  thereof  "Washington,"  passed  the 
house  by  a  vote  of  128  to  29,  and  on  March  2, 
without  further  amendment,  it  was  passed  by 
the  senate.  It  should  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion that  the  bill,  as  passed  by  both  houses,  did 
not  liinit  the  new  Territory  to  the  boundaries 
prescribed  by  the  memorial  of  the  Monticello 
convention.  Our  national  legislators  took  a 
broader  view  of  the  matter,  and  continued  the 
line  of  partition  from  a  point  near  Walla 
Walla,  east  along  the  46th  parallel  to  the  Rocky 
Moimtains.     This  was  a  far  more  equal  di- 


54 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


vision,  and  included  what  is  now  the  "Pan- 
handle" of  Idaho,  an  area  considerably  larger 
than  the  present  state  of  Washington.  At  that 
period,  according  to  a  census  taken  in  1853  by 
Marshal  Anderson,  the  counties  in  the  new 
Washington  Territory  contained  the  following 
population:  Clarke,  1,134,  Island,  195,  Lewis, 
616,  Jefferson,  189,  King,  170,  Pierce,  513, 
Thurston,  996,  Pacific,  152;  total,  3,965.  Of 
these  1,682  were  voters. 

The  first  Territorial  governor  of  Washing- 
ton was  Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens,  who  was  ap- 
pointed to  this  office  and-,  also,  made  ex  officio 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  of  Washing- 
ton Territory,  and  by  the  secretary  of  war  was 
given  charge  of  an  exploration  and  survey  of  a 
railroad  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Mississippi 
to  Puget  Sound.  In  a  communication  to  A.  A. 
Denny,  dated  at  Washington,  D.  C,  April  18, 
1853,  Governor  Stevens  said: 

"Herewith  you  will  find  a  printed  copy  of 
my  instructions  from  the  secretary  of  war,  by 
which  you  will  see  an  exploration  and  survey 
of  a  railroad  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi to  Puget  Sound  is  entrusted  to  me 
*  *  *  A  military  road  is  to  be  built  from 
Fort  Walla  Walla  to  Puget  Sound.  Captain 
McClellan,  an  officer  distinguished  for  his  gal- 
lantry in  Mexico,  has  command  of  the  party 
who  will  make  the  exploration  of  the  Cascade 
range  and  the  construction  of  the  military  road. 
His  undertaking  of  the  task  is  a  sure  guarantee 
of  its  accomplishment.  I  expect  to  pierce  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  this  road  is  to  be  done 
in  time  for  the  fall's  immigration,  so  that  an 
open  line  of  communication  between  the  states 
and  Sound  will  be  made  this  year." 

Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens  was  born  in  the  his- 
toric and  classic  town  of  Andover,  Massachu- 
setts, and  educated  at  West  Point,  from  which 
military  institution  he  was  graduated  with  hon- 
ors in  1837.  For  several  years  the  young  of- 
ficer was  in  charge  of  the  New  England  coast 
fortifications.  During  the  war  with  Mexico 
he  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  General  Scott. 


Four  years  preceding  his  appointment  as  Ter- 
ritorial Governor  of  Washington  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  Professor  Bache  in  the  coast  sur- 
vey. It  will  be  seen  that  the  duties  assigned  to 
Governor  Stevens  were  manifold  and  ardu- 
ous. Aside  from  the  appointive  office  of  gov- 
ernor of  a  young,  though  important  Territory, 
he  was  to  superintend  the  construction  of  a  mil- 
itary road  from  the  Sound  to  the  Rockies ;  sur- 
vey the  line  of  what  eventually  became  the 
great  transcontinental  highway,  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  at  the  same  time  superin- 
tend the  complicated  affairs  of  the  savage  and 
turbulent  Indian  tribes  between  the  coast  and 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  Certainly  a  heavy  re- 
sponsibility to  be  placed  upon  the  shoulders  of 
one  man.  The  sagacity  and  efficiency  with 
:'  which  he  met  these  heavy  responsibilities  have 
j  Ireen  recardecl  in  preceding  chapters  of  this 
work.  It  was  his  destiny  to  be  called  higher. 
In  May,  1861,  news  was  received  at  Olympia 
of  the  surrender  by  Major  Anderson  of  Fort 
Sumter.  "The  Irrepressible  Conflict"  be- 
tween North  and  South  had  for  years  worn 
heavily  on  the  patriotic  spirit  of  Governor  Stev- 
ens. He  was  a  pro-slavery  democrat,  yet  he 
loved  his  country  and  placed  her  national  and 
indisoluble  interests  above  party  or  purely 
sectional  benefits.  In  reply  to  a  speech  wel- 
coming him  home  from  his  perilous  expedition 
among  hostile  tribes  of  Indians  he  said  :  "I  con- 
ceive my  duty  to  be  to  stop  disunion."  These 
were  brave  words,  for  at  this  period  the  Terri- 
tory of  which  he  was  chief  executive  was 
thickly  populated  with  avowed  secessionists. 

Dissensions  were  rife  in  his  own  party. 
Assaults  were  made  by  the  press  upon  his  pa- 
triotism and  even  his  personal  character  was 
assailed.  He  was  accused  of  attempting  a  coali- 
tion with  Lane  and  Grim  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  an  independent  Pacific  republic.  Vis- 
ionary and  chimerical  as  was  this  scheme;  im- 
possible for  one  of  the  sterling  patriotism  of 
Governor  Stevens  to  cherish  for  a  moment,  the 
charge  found  many  professed  lielievers  among 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


55 


his  opponents.  With  the  darkening  of  war 
clouds  Stevens,  who  had  intended  to  stand  for 
re-election,  renounced  the  project  and  hastened 
to  Washington  to  offer  his  services  to  the  gov- 
ernment. July  31,  1861,  he  was  appointed  col- 
onel of  the  79th  New  York  Infantry,  and  was 
among  the  first  of  the  defenders  of  Washington 
and  Arlington  Heights.  In  March,  1862,  he 
received  a  commission  as  brigadier  general,  and 
on  July  4,  was  made  a  Major  General  of  vol- 
unteers. Such  was  his  rapid  rise  by  promotion 
in  the  army.  His  death  was  a  fitting  close  of  a 
heroic  life.  At  the  battle  of  Chantilly  he  seized 
the  flag  which  had  fallen  from  the  dead  hand  of 
a  color  sergeant,  and  was  shot  in  the  forehead, 
dying  upon  the  field.  Sudden  was  the  revul- 
sion of  feeling  in  Washington  Territory  when 
news  of  his  death  was  received.  The  legisla- 
ture passed  resolutions  in  his  honor,  and  crape 
was  worn  by  the  members  ten  days.  He  died 
at  forty-four  years  of  age.  In  a  letter  touching 
upon  the  character  of  Governor  Stevens,  writ- 
ten by  Professor  Bache,  of  the  coast-survey, 
he  said : 

"He  was  not  one  who  led  by  looking  on  but 
by  example.  As  we  knew  him  in  the  coast- 
survey  office,  so  he  was  in  every  position  of  life. 
*  *  *  This  place  he  filled,  and  more  than 
filled,  for  four  years,  with  a  devotion,  an  en- 
ergy, a  knowledge  not  to  be  surpassed,  and 
which  left  its  beneficient  mark  upon  our  organ- 
ization. *  *  *  Generous  and  noble  in  im- 
pulses, he  left  our  office  with  our  enthusiastic 
admiration  of  his  character,  appreciation  of  his 
sendees,  and  hope  for  his  success." 

The  apportionment  for  the  first  Washing- 
ton Territorial  legislature  was  made  by  Gov- 
ernor Stevens  soon  after  his  arrival  from  the 
east.  The  proclamation  concerning  the  same 
was  made  November  28,  1853,  designating 
January  30,  1854,  as  the  day  for  election  of 
legislati\<e  members.  February  27  was  the 
time  set  for  the  meeting  of  the  legislature  and 
Olympia  the  place.  Nine  members  composed 
the    original    council :    Clarke   county,    D.-   F. 


Bradford,  William  H.  Tappan ;  Lewis  and 
Pacific  counties.  Seth  Catlin,  Henry  Miles; 
Thurston  county,  D.  R.  Bigelow,  B.  F.  Yantis; 
Pierce  and  King  counties,  Lafayette  Balch,  G. 
N.  McConaha;  Jefferson  and  Island  counties, 
William  P.  Sayward. 

Twice  this  number  of  members  composed 
the  house,  viz :  Clarke  county,  F.  A.  Chenow- 
eth,  A.  J.  Bolan,  Henry  R.  Crosbie,  A.  C. 
Lewis  and  John  D.  Biles :  Thurston  county.  C. 
H.  Hall,  L.  D.  Durgin,  David  Shelton  and  Ira 
Ward.  Jr. ;  Island  county,  Samuel  D.  Howe ; 
Pierce  county,  H.  C.  Moseley,  L.  F.  Thompson 
and  John  M.  Chapman ;  Jefferson  county,  Dan- 
iel F.  Brownfield ;  King  county,  A.  A.  Denny ; 
Lewis  county,  H.  D.  Huntington  and  John  R. 
Jackson ;  Pacific  county,  John  Scudder. 

In  this  legislative  membership  we  have  a 
fair  roster  of  the  pioneer  statesmen  of  Wash- 
ington Territory.  The  most  of  them  have  been 
stricken  by  the  hand  of  death,  but  the  work 
they  did  in  laying  the  foundation  of  Washing- 
ton's future  territorial  and  commonwealth  im- 
provement can  never  be  stricken  from  the  pages 
of  history.  One  of  these  members,  Hon.  A.  A. 
Denny,  representative  from  King  county,  in  a 
paper  read  before  the  Historical  Society,  at 
Tacoma,  said  : 

At  the  time  of  the  Monticello  convention,  Thurston 
county  embraced  all  the  territory  north  of  Lewis  county 
to  the  British  line,  and  the  session  of  the  Oregon  legis- 
lature, just  prior  to  the  division  of  the  territory,  formed 
out  of  Thurston  county  Pierce,  King,  Island  and  Jeffer- 
son counties,  making  a  total  of  eight  counties  in  Wash- 
ington Territory  when  organized,  Clarke  county  at  that 
time  extending  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
The  first  session  of  the  legislature  formed  eight  new 
counties.  Walla  Walla  was  formed  at  this  session,  em- 
bracing all  the  territory  east  of  the  mouth  of  the  Des 
Chutes  river  and  running  to  the  forty-ninth  parallel  on 
the  north  and  the  parallel  of  forty-si.x  degrees  thirty 
minutes  eastward  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, and  I  well  remember  that  a  board  of  county  officers 
was  appointed  and  representation  in  the  legislature  pro- 
vided for,  but  when  the  succeeding  legislature  convened, 
no  members  from  Walla  Walla  appeared,  and  it  was 
found  that  no  organization  of  the  county  had  been  made 
for  want  of  population,  and  the  widely  scattered  condi- 
tion of  the  few  who  then  inhabited  that  vast  territory. 


56 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


It  will  be  recalled  that  so  early  as  1852  the 
impetuous  members  of  the  Monticello  conven- 
tion were  determined  to  demand  admission  to 
the  union  as  a  state  should  congress  deny  terri- 
torial division.  But  thirty-seven  years  were 
destined  to  pass  before  the  culmination  of  such 
an  event.  And  yet,  during  a  large  portion  of 
the  last  half  of  this  period  Washington  was  a 
state  in  all  but  name.  Her  statesmen  and  poli- 
ticians indulged  in  commonwealthian  struggles 
much  the  same  as  those  at  present  exploited  by 
older  states  in  the  union.  In  1859-60  a  cer- 
tain faction  plotted  for  the  removal  of  the  Ter- 
ritorial capital  from  Olympia  to  Vancouver.  It 
was  secretely  arranged  by  legislative  manipu- 
lation to  apportion  Territorial  institutions  as 
follows:  to  Vancauver  the  capital;  to  Seattle 
the  university ;  to  Port  Townsend  the  peniten- 
tiary. An  act  to  this  effect  passed  both  bodies 
of  the  legislature.  It  carried,  however,  two 
fatal  defects;  no  enacting  clause  was  inserted, 
and  it  violated  the  terms  of  the  organic  act  by 
attempting  a  permanent  location  of  the  capital. 
Consequently  the  law  fell  to  the  ground  of  its 
own  legal  impotence.  As  in  Louisiana,  in 
1872,  two  legislatures  were  in  session  in  Wash- 
ington, or  rather  the  regular  body  at  Olympia 
and  a  "rump"  organizing  at  Vancouver.  The 
supreme  court's  decision  on  the  removal  law 
brought  the  factions  again  together  at  Olympia. 
In  1 86 1  the  corner  stone  of  a  university  was 
laid  at  Seattle,  A.  A.  Denny  donating  eight, 
and  Edward  Lander  two,  acres  of  land  for  that 
purpose.  In  this  circumstance,  also,  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Washington  assumed  many  of  the  ef- 
fects of  modern  statehood,  through  subsequent 
"mismanagement"  of  university  funds.  Truly 
a  state  in  all  but  name! 

Quite  similar  in  point  of  contention  for  the 
capital  was  the  strugle  for  the  possession  of  the 
custom-house  between  Port  Townsend  and 
Port  Angeles.  In  August,  1861,  Victor  Smith 
arrived  from  Washington,  D.  C,  with  creden- 
tials as  collector  of  United  States  revenue. 
Possessing  the  confidence  of  the  national  ad- 


ministration he  was  accused  of  utilizing  it  to 
further  an  intrigue  for  removal  of  the  custom- 
house. It  was  openly  charged  that  he  was 
speculating  in  Port  Angeles  real  estate  and 
working  for  his  personal  financial  interests.  Be- 
sides this  Smith  was  one  of  the  original  "car- 
pet-baggers," even  at  that  early  day  detested 
by  the  democracy  in  Washington  Territory, 
which  party  was,  numerically,  quite  powerful. 
Removal  of  the  custom-house  from  Port 
Townsend  to  Port  Angeles  was  recommended 
by  Secretary  Salmon  Portland  Chase,  and  in 
June,  1862,  congress  passed  a  bill  making  the 
change.  A  subsequent  act  of  congress  was  in 
the  nature  of  "a  bill  for  increasing  revenue  by 
reservation  and  sale  of  townsites."  It  was  at 
this  point  that  the  crux  of  Smith's  real  estate 
enterprises  became  apparent.  Port  Townsend 
citizens  were  wild  with  excitement.  They  ac- 
cused Smith  of  a  defalcation  of  $15,000,  but  he 
promptly  repaired  to  the  national  capital  and 
showed  conclusively  that  the  alleged  crime  was 
nothing  more  than  the  transference  of  one 
fund  to  another.  This  custom-house  imbroglio 
continued  for  some  time,  in  the  course  of  which 
the  guns  of  the  revenue  cutter  Shubrick  were 
shotted  and  brought  to  bear  on  the  town  of 
Port  Townsend.  Finally,  after  many  serious 
complications,  involving  numerous  arrests  and 
much  ill-feeling,  the  custom-house  was  re- 
moved from  Port  Townsend  to  Port  Angeles. 
George  B.  McClellan.  afterwards  general 
commanding  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  had  re- 
ported favorably  upon  the  change  of  location. 
Here  the  institution  remained  until  December 
16,  1863,  when  the  town  of  Port  Angeles  was 
washed  away,  causing  the  death  of  Inspector 
William  B.  Goodell  and  Deputy  Collector  J. 
W.  Anderson.  In  1865  the  custom-house  was 
taken  back  to  Port  Townsend,  and  the  same 
year  Victor  Smith  was  lost  in  the  wreck  of  the 
steamship  Brother  Jonathan,  wrecked  near 
Crescent  City,  involving  the  loss  of  three  hun- 
dred lives. 

For  a  number  of  vears  the   residents   of 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


57 


Washington  had  been  engaged  in  various  wars 
with  Indians.  Therefore  it  was  not  unusual 
that  some  most  excellent  fighting  material  was 
to  be  found  among  the  ex-volunteers  of  the 
Cayuse  war,  Steptoe's  invasion  and  the  im- 
portant battle  of  White  River.  In  May,  1861, 
news  of  President  Lincoln's  call  for  volunteers 
was  received  at  Olympia.  Henry  M.  McGill 
was  acting-governor;  Frank  Matthias  adju- 
tant-general. The  latter  appointed  enrolling 
officers  in  each  county  in  the  Territory,  at  this 
period  comprising  twenty-two,  east  and  west 
of  the  Cascades.  The  same  summer  Wright, 
now  brigadier  general,  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  department  of  the  Pacific,  and  Colonel 
Albermarle  Cady  of  the  district  of  the  Colum- 
bia. Colonel  Justin  Steinberger  came  to  the 
coast  in  January,  1862,  and  enlisted  four  in- 
fantry companies,  one  each  from  Port  Madi- 
son, Walla  Walla,  Port  Townsend  and  What- 
com. From  the  Olympia  Standard,  of  July  20, 
1 86 1,  it  is  learned  that  a  company  had  prev- 
iously, in  May,  been  enlisted  at  Port  Madison, 
designated  at  the  Union  Guards,  consisting  of 
seventy  men,  officered  as  follows:  William 
Fowler,  captain;  H.  B.  Manchester,  first  lieu- 
tenant; E.  D.  Kromer,  second  lieutenant;  non- 
commissioned officers,  A.  J.  Tuttle,  Noah  Falk, 
William  Clendennin,  Edgar  Brown,  S.  F. 
Coombs,  R.  J.  May,  J.  M.  Grindon,  John  Tay- 
lor. The  Lewis  County  Rangers,  mounted, 
were  organized  in  June,  1861,  Henry  Miles, 
captain;  L.  L.  Dubeau,  first  lieutenant;  S.  B. 
Smith,  second  lieutenant.  To  the  four  com- 
panies enlisted  by  Colonel  Steinberger  four 
more  were  added  from  California,  General  Al- 
vord  assumed  command  in  July,  and  Colonel 
Steinberger  went  to  Fort  Walla  \Valla,  where 
he  relieved  Colonel  Cornelius,  of  the  Oregon 
cavalry.  These  troops  were  stationed  at  Walla 
Walla  and  Fort  Pickett. 

In  i860  the  discovery  of  valuable  aurifer- 
ous deposits  at  Pierce  City,  Oro  Fino,  Oro 
Grande  and  other  points  along  the  Clearwater, 
in  what  is  now  Idaho,  but  was  then  included  in 


Washington  Territory,  created  a  stampede 
which  his  seldon  been  equalled  in  the  history 
of  gold  discoveries  in  the  territory.  At  that 
period  a  treaty  with  the  Nez  Perces  existed 
which,  theoretically,  estopped  travel  across  the 
Indian  country.  Practically  it  did  nothing  of 
the  sort.  From  a  few  hundred  the  number  of 
miners  increased  to  thousands.  On  the  Colum- 
bia river  lines  of  steamers  plied  between  the 
western  portions  of  the  Territory  to  old  Fort 
Walla  Walla,  conveying  men  and  freight  as 
near  as  possible  to  these  seductive  placer  mines, 
where  pay  dirt  was  found  averaging  one  hun- 
dred dollars  a  day  to  the  miner.  In  May  the 
steamer  Colonel  Wright  came  up  the  Columbia 
and  Clearwater  to  within  forty  miles  of  Pierce 
City.  At  this  landing  was  founded  the  "spas- 
modic" mining  town  of  Slaterville,  with  its 
canvas  saloons  and  rough  board  shanties.  In 
July  five  thousand  men  were  prospecting  the 
country,  or  washing  from  ten  to  one  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars  a  day  from  the  earth.  "Town 
lot"  people  and  merchants  reaped  a  substantial 
reward  for  their  industry.  It  is  stated  that  the 
weekly  receipts  of  gold  dust  at  Portland  from 
the  Clearwater  district  was  $100,000.  Deady's 
"History  of  Oregon"  says :  "The  Colville  and 
Oro  Fino  mines  helped  Portland  greatly;  and 
in  1861  built  up  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company.  Loaded  drays  used  to  stand  in  line 
half  a  mile  long,  unloading  at  night  freight  to 
go  in  the  morning,  that  involved  a  fortune." 

It  was  but  natural  that  the  steadily  increas- 
ing tide  of  immigration  to  this  district  should 
materially  affect  the  political  status  of  the  Ter- 
ritory. From  west  of  the  Cascades  the  pendu- 
lum of  political  power  swung  to  the  east;  to 
the  vicinity  of  Shoshone  and  Walla  Walla 
counties.  More  judges  were  required  east  of 
the  mountains.  District  courts  were  estab- 
lished at  the  county  seats.  It  was,  however,  the 
destiny  of  Washington  Territory  to  lose  the 
richest  portions  of  these  mining  districts.  Con- 
gress passed  an  act,  which  was  approved  by 
President  Lincoln,  March  3,  1863,  organizing 


58 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


the  Territory  of  Idaho  out  of  all  such  territory 
of  Washington  lying  east  of  Oregon  and  the 
117th  meridian  of  west  longitude.  The  popu- 
lation of  the  remaining  Territory  of  Washing- 
ton was  then  only  12,519.  Yet  in  i860  it  had 
been  less  than  half  this  number. 

Twelve  years  before  the  admission  of 
Washington  into  the  union  agitation  concern- 
ing this  subject  was  precipitated.  Congres- 
sional Delegate  Jacobs  in  December,  1877,  in- 
troduced a  bill  for  admission,  and  when  it  was 
fully  realized  that  a  constitutional  convention 
was  to  be  ordered,  the  old  question  of  1852 
sprung  to  the  front.  "Washington"  or  "Col- 
umbia"? June  II,  1878,  the  convention  as- 
sembled at  Walla  Walla.  By  the  constitution 
then  adopted  a  new  eastern  boundary  was 
marked  for  the  proposed  state,  including  the 
Idaho  "Panhandle"  and  much  of  the  mineral 
territory  lost  in  1863.  Twenty- four  days  were 
passed  in  "concentrating"  and  "smelting"  the 
various  provisions  of  this  document,  and,  al- 
though no  enabling  act  had  been  passed  by 
Congress,  the  constitution  was  adopted  bj^  the 
people  at  the  succeeding  November  election  for 
delegates.  As  the  entire  proceedings  of  this 
convention  were  void  and  nugatory,  it  is  need- 
less to  devote  space  to  their  consideration.  As 
illustrative  of  patriotic  zeal  and  alert  progres- 
siveness,  however,  the  attitude  of  the  people  at 
this  period  is  worthy  of  record. 

The  administration  of  Governor  Watson  C. 
Squire  was  one  especially  worthy  of  commen- 
dation. He  was  appointed  in  1884,  succeeding 
William  A.  Newell.  Squire  was  a  man  of  rare 
executive  ability,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war, 
and  became  one  of  the  most  prominent  factors 
in  advancing  the  interests  of  the  Territory  and 
promoting  its  progress  toward  statehood.  He 
was  bom  May  18.  1838,  at  Cape  Vincent.  New 
York,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  19th  New 
York  Infantry  as  a  private,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  first  lieutenant.  He  then  resigned,  was 
graduated  from  the  Qeveland  law  school,  in 
1862,  and  then  recruited  a  company  of  sharp- 


shooters of  which  he  was  given  the  command, 
being  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland. 
He  served  on  the  staffs  of  both  Generals  Rose- 
cranz  and  Thomas  and  was,  after  the  war, 
agent  for  the  Remington  Arms  Company.  In 
1879  he  located  in  Seattle,  and  ten  years  there- 
after was  elected  president  of  the  statehood 
committee,  holding  its  meeting  in  Ellensburg 
in  January  of  1889.  In  framing  memorials 
afterward  presented  to  congress  in  behalf  of 
statehood  he  was  most  assiduously  employed 
and  his  efforts  met  with  cordial  appreciation 
from  the  people  of  the  Territory. 

During  the  administration  of  Governor 
Squire  occurred  the  "Chinese  Riots,"  on  the 
coast,  opinion  of  his  policy  in  the  Territory  be- 
ing at  that  time  divided.  But  it  is  certain  that 
his  courageous  attitude  in  behalf  of  law  and 
order  won  the  approval  of  a  large  majority  of 
the  most  influential  and  intelligent  citizens  of 
the  nation  at  large.  It  was  at  this  period,  1885, 
that  the  first  attempts,  under  auspices  of  the 
Knights  of  Labor,  were  made  to  expel  China- 
men from  the  Territory.  Riots  occurred; 
Chinese  were  killed  and  bloodshed  and  dis- 
order ensued  at  Seattle  among  the  coal  miners. 
Governor  Squire,  November  5,  1885,  issued  a 
proclamation  commanding  the  establishment  of 
peace,  and  to  this  so  little  attention  was  paid 
that  disorder  increased  rather  than  subsided, 
and  several  Chinese  houses  were  fired  and  the 
occupants  driven  away.  Troops  were  promptly 
forwarded  from  Vancouver  and.  the  secretary 
of  war  being  informed  of  the  conditions.  Pres- 
ident Cleveland  issued  a  proclamation  couched 
in  more  drastic  terms  than  had  been  that  of 
Governor  Squire.  Its  effect  was  temporary; 
in  Februan,^  1886,  other  outbreaks  took  place 
and  in  efforts  to  protect  the  "celestials"  a  num- 
ber of  lives  were  sacrificed  and  conditions  re- 
solved themselves  into  o\'ert  rebellion.  Gov- 
ernor Squire  declared  martial  law.  Its  pro- 
visions were  carried  out  with  firmness,  if  not 
severity.  Order  was  restored,  but  the  execu- 
tive found  himself  placed  between  the  hostile 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


59 


attacks  of  the  proletariat,  and  the  hearty  com- 
mendation of  President  Cleveland,  his.  cabinet 
and  the  members  of  the  Territorial  legislature. 

Squire's  administration  was  marked  by 
healthy  progress  and  steady  improvement  in 
the  various  industries  and  material  welfare  of 
the  Territory.  During  his  incumbency  the 
penitentiary  was  built  at  Walla  Walla,  an  addi- 
tion made  to  the  penitentiary  at  Seatco,  and  an 
insane  asylum  erected  at  Steilacoom.  At  the 
close  of  1885  the  Territory  was  free  from  debt 
and  with  a  surplus  of  $100,000.  That  his  best 
efforts  were  ever  directed  to  further  the  inter- 
ests of  Washington  is  amply  proven,  not  only 
by  gratifying  results,  but  by  his  carefully  pre- 
pared and  luminously  written  official  reports. 
The  one  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior in  1884  was  a  concise  and  valuable  his- 
tory of  the  Territory  for  several  years  ante- 
rior to  his  administration,  embracing  much  in- 
formation that  had  been  ignored  by  preceding 
executives.  In  explaining  his  object  in  thus 
voluminously  presenting  these  valuable  statis- 
tics Governor  Squire  said : 

"I  have  diligently  corresponded  with  the 
auditors  and  assessors  of  all  the  counties  of  the 
Territory,  furnishing  them  with  printed  blanks 
to  be  returned,  and  with  all  the  managers  of 
various  educational  and  business  institutions. 
Besides  drawing  on  my  own  knowledge  of  the 
Territory,  gleaned  during  a  residence  here  dur- 
ing the  past  five  or  six  years,  I  have  gathered 
and  compiled  a  variety  of  important  facts  from 
leading  specialists  in  reference  to  the  geo- 
graphical, geologic,  and  climatic  characteris- 
tics, the  coal  and  iron  mining,  horticultural, 
agricultural,  and  manufacturing  interests,  the 
fisheries  and  the  flora  and  fauna  of  the  Terri- 
tory. The  data  thus  offered,  together  with  the 
summary  reports  of  our  charitable  and  penal 
institutions,  and  an  exhibit  of  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  Territory,  if  published,  will  not 
only  be  of  great  service  in  encouraging  and 
stimulating  our  people,  but  will  furnish  re- 
liable information  to  the  intending  immigrant. 


and  will  indicate  to  congress  the  rightful  basis 
of  our  claim  for  admission  into  the  union  of 
states." 

In  the  last  paragraph  of  this  quotation  may 
be  traced  the  central  thought  which  appears  to 
have  actuated  Governor  Squire  in  his  untiring 
efforts.  To  accomplish  the  admission  of  Wash- 
ington he  spared  no  labor  in  collecting  an  ar- 
ray of  statistical  information  that  could  be 
molded  into  powerful  arguments  for  state- 
hood. And  to  these  reports  is  due  largely  the 
great  volume  of  immigration  which  flowed  into 
the  Territory  on  the  wheels  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railway.  From  75,000  in  1880,  the 
population  increased  to  210.000  in  1886.  In 
the  latter  year  this  pioneer  railroad  company 
operated  four  hundred  and  fifty-five  miles  of 
railway  within  the  boundaries  of  Washington ; 
the  Oregon  Railroad  and  Navigation  Company 
two  hundred  and  ninety-five  miles ;  the  Colum- 
bia and  Puget  Sound  Company  forty-four 
miles,  and  the  Olympia  and  Chehalis  Company 
fifteen  miles,  which,  together  with  other  com- 
pleted lines,  gave  to  the  Territory  eight  hun- 
dred and  sixty-six  miles  of  railroad.  The  ef- 
fect on  all  industries  may  be  easily  conceived. 
The  building  of  shipping  tonnage  was  stimu- 
lated on  the  coast ;  the  output  of  produce  east- 
ward increased  wonderfully.  The  wheat  mar- 
ket was,  at  that  period,  still  in  the  east,  and  in 
1886  the  Northern  Pacific  Company  trans- 
ported 4,161  tone  of  wheat  and  1,600  tons  of 
other  grains  to  the  Mississippi  river ;  the  Ore- 
gon Railroad  and  Navigation  Company  took 
out  250,000  tons  of  wheat,  flour  and  barley  to 
southeastern  points.  These  appear,  at  this 
date,  insignificant  figures  compared  with  the 
present  volume  of  grain  business,  but  eighteen 
years  ago  they  gave  indubitable  proof  to  the 
people  of  the  eastern  states  of  the  remarkable 
fertility  of  the  soil  of  Washington  Territory. 

Associated  with  Governor  Squire  in  the 
Territorial  offices  were  R.  S.  Greene,  chief  jus- 
tice; J.  P.  Hoyt,  S.  C.  \\'^ingard  and  George 
Turner,  associate  justices:  N.  H.  Owings,  sec- 


6o 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


retary.  Tlie  delegate  to  congress  was  Thomas 
H.  Brents.  The  federal  officers  were  John  B. 
Allen,  United  States  district  attorney;  Jesse 
George,  United  States  marshal;  C.  Bash,  cus- 
toms collector ;  C.  B.  Bagley  and  E.  L.  Heriff, 
internal  revenue  collectors ;  William  McMicken, 
surveyor-general;  John  F.  Gowley,  registrar, 
and  J.  R.  Hayden,  receiver  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Olympia ;  F.  W.  Sparling,  regis- 
trar, and  A.  G.  Marsh,  receiver,  of  the  Van- 
couver land  office ;  Joseph  Jorgensen,  registrar, 
and  James  Baden,  receiver,  at  Walla  Walla ;  J. 
M.  Armstrong,  registrar,  and  John  L.  Wilson, 
receiver,  at  Spokane,  and  R.  R.  Kinne,  reg- 
istrar, and  J.  M.  Adams,  receiver,  at  Yakima. 

Governor  Squire  was  succeeded  in  1887  by 
Eugene  Semple.  Although  a  republican,  he 
had  won  the  confidence  of  a  democratic  admin- 
istration at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  was  re- 
tained in  office  long  after  his  place  could  have 
lieen  conveniently  supplied  with  a  democratic 
partisan.  His  attitude  during  the  Chinese  riots 
had  done  much  to  establish  him  in  the  estima- 
tion of  President  Cleveland.  At  the  time  of 
Semple's  accession  the  questions  of  statehood 
and  woman  suffrage  were  agitating  the  people. 
Affairs  were  somewhat  disquieted.  The  suff- 
rage question  had  been  defeated  by  popular  vote 
in  1878,  but  the  legislature  of  1883-4  had 
passed  an  act  conferring  this  privilege  upon 
women,  and  the  act  had  been  declared  unconsti- 
tutional by  the  courts,  but  not  until  the  women 
of  the  Territory  had  enjoyed  the  benefits  of 
voting,  holding  office  and  serving  on  juries  for 
two  years,  were  they  disfranchised.  In  1886 
woman  suffrage  became  an  exceedingly  lively 
party  issue ;  the  republicans  favoring,  the  dem- 
ocrats opposing  the  same.  There  had,  also, 
been  a  "capital  removal"  scheme  injected  into 
the  campaign,  and  strong  "North  Yakima"  and 
"Ellensburg"  factions  developed  in  the  "In- 
land Empire."  A  large  number  of  those  favor- 
ing statehood  had  assumed,  upon  what  logical 
grounds  is  rather  obscure,  that  with  admission 


into  the  union  the  "panhandle  of  Idaho,  lost 
in  1863,  would  be  restored  to  the  state.  This 
remote  probability  was,  however,  employed  as 
an  argument  in  favor  of  capital  removal,  but 
the  strenuous  "coasters"  of  the  extreme  west 
stoutly  opposed  a  location  of  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment east  of  the  Cascades,  and  the  hopes  of 
the  Yakima  Valley  people  were  doomed  to  dis- 
appointment. During  the  second  term  of  Gov- 
ernor Semple,  Charles  S.  Voorhees  succeeded 
Congressional  Delegate  Brents,  and  James 
Shields  succeeded  Hayden  in  the  Olympia  land 
office.  N.  H.  Owings  continued  as  secretary, 
R.  A,  Jones  was  chief  justice,  Frank  Allyn, 
George  Turner  and  W.  G.  Langford  associate 
justices. 

The  fight  for  admission  continued  bravely. 
In  1886  the  Tacoma  board  of  trade  resolved 
that  "The  commercial  independence  of  Wash- 
1  ington  Territory  acompanying  the  completion 
j  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  to  tide-water 
should  be  supplemented  by  its  political  inde- 
pendence as  a  state  of  the  American  union.  Ad- 
mission can  not  in  decency  be  delayed  many 
years  longer,  whatever  party  influences  may 
j  sway  congress.  The  census  of  1890  will  show 
I  a  population  within  the  present  limits  of  the 
Territory  exceeding  200,000,  and  a  property 
valuation  of  at  least  $200,000,000."  Prev- 
iously the  claims  of  Washington  for  admis- 
sion had  been  urged  by  Governor  Squire  in  one 
of  his  reports,  in  forceful  language,  assigning 
among  other  reasons  "the  sterling,  patriotic, 
and  enterprising  character  of  its  citizens;  its 
present  and  prospective  maritime  relations  with 
the  world :  its  position  as  a  border  state  on  the 
confines  of  the  dominion  of  Canada,  the  most 
powerful  province  of  Great  Britain;  its  wealth 
of  natural  resources  and  growing  wealth  of  its 
people;  the  efficiency  of  its  educational  system, 
requiring  that  its  school  lands  should  be  allotted 
j  and  utilized :  its  riparian  rights  should  be  set- 
tled, capital  and  immigration  encouraged,  and 
the  full  management  and  control  of  municipal 


GENERAL   HISTORY. 


6i 


and  county  affairs  should  be  assumed  by  the 
legislature,  which  is  not  allowed  during  the 
Territorial  condition." 

According  to  the  report  of  Governor 
Semple  for  1888  the  population  of  Washington 
Territory  was  167,982;  the  taxable  property 
was  $84,621,182;  the  revenue  produced  by  a 
tax  of  two  and  one-half  mills,  $212,734.92  ;  the 
amount  of  coal  mined,  1,133,801  tons;  the  lum- 
ber output  320,848,203  ;  the  estimated  capacity 
of  the  combined  mills  1,043,796,000  feet;  the 
total  railway  mileage  1,157.3,  broad-gauge, 
and  40  miles  narrow-gauge.  The  same  year  an 
insane  asylum  at  Steilacoom  was  completed  at  a 
cost  of  $100,000  and  $60,000  appropriated  for 
a  hospital  for  the  insane  at  Medical  Lake.  The 
citizens  of  Vancouver  donated  land,  and  the 
legislature  appropriated  money  for  the  erection 
at  that  point  of  a  school  for  defective  youth. 
The  national  guard  consisted  of  two  regiments 
of  infantry  and  one  troop  of  cavalry. 

Such,  in  rough  outline,  was  the  material 
condition  of  the  Territory  of  Washington  on 
the  eve  of  statehood.  On  the  anniversary  of 
President  Washington's  birthday,  February 
22,  1889,  congress  passed  an  enabling  act  pro- 
posing the  terms  on  which  the  Territory  might 
be  admitted  into  the  union.  By  these  pro- 
visions the  governor  was,  on  April  15,  1889, 
to  call  for  the  election  of  seventy-five  delegates 
on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 
May,  to  meet  in  constitutional  convention  at 
Olympia  on  July  4,  1889,  for  organization  and 
formulation  of  a  state  constitution.  The  en- 
abling act  by  virtue  of  which  W^ashington  Ter- 
ritory was  permitted  to  call  a  constitutional 
convention  embraced  other  territories.  Its  title 
was  as  follows :  "An  act  to  provide  for  the 
division  of  Dakota  into  two  states  and  to  en- 
able the  people  of  North  Dakota,  South  Da- 
kota, Montana  and  Washington  to  form  con- 
stitutions and  state  governments,  and  to  be  ad- 
mitted into  the  union  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  original  states,  and  to  make  donations  of 
public  lands  to  such  states."    The  land  grant  to 


Washington  was:  "For  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  a  scientific  school,  one  hundred 
thousand  acres;  for  state  normal  schools,  one 
hundred  thousand  acres ;  for  public  buildings  at 
the  state  capital,  in  addition  to  the  grant  here- 
inbefore made,  for  that  purpose,  one  hundred 
thousand  acres;  for  state  charitable,  educa- 
tional and  reformatory  institutions,  two  hun- 
dred thousand  acres." 

To  defray  the  expenses  of  the  constitutional 
convention  the  sum  of  $20,000  was  appropri- 
ated by  congress.  It  was  further  provided  that 
there  should  be  appointed  one  district  judge, 
United  States  attorney,  and  United  States 
marshal;  the  state  to  constitute  one  judicial  dis- 
trict to  be  attached  to  the  ninth  judicial  dis- 
trict; the  regular  terms  of  court  to  commence 
in  April  and  November ;  the  clerks  of  the  courts 
to  have  their  offices  at  the  state  capital;  the 
judge  to  reside  in  the  district  and  receive  a 
salary  of  $3,500  per  annum,  and  the  courts  of 
the  state  to  become  the  successors  of  the  terri- 
torial courts. 

On  July  4,  1889,  the  delegates  elected  to 
the  constitutional  convention  proceeded  to  bus- 
iness at  Olympia.  Following  is  the  represen- 
tation of  the  several  counties : 

Stevens,  S.  H.  Manley,  J.  J.  Travis; 
Spokane,  C.  P.  Coey,  George  Turner,  J.  Z. 
Moore,  J.  J.  Browne,  T.  C.  Griffitts,  H.  F. 
Suksdor,  Hiram  E.  Allen ;  Lincoln,  H.  W. 
Fairweather,  B.  B.  Glascock,  Frank  M.  Dal- 
lam; Kititas,  J.  A.  Shoudy,  \.  Mires,  J.  T. 
McDonald ;  Whitman,  J.  P.  T.  McCloskey,  C. 
H.  Warner,  E.  H.  Sullivan,  J.  M.  Reed,  James 
Hungate,  George  Comegys;  Adams,  D. 
Buchanan;  Garfield,  S.  C.  Cosgrove;  Franklin, 
W.  B.  Gray ;  Columbia,  M.  M.  Goodman,  R.  F. 
Sturvedant;  Walla  Walla,  Lewis  Neace,  D.  J. 
Crowley,  B.  L.  Sharpstein,  N.  G.  Blalock; 
Yakima,  W.  F.  Prosser;  Clarke,  Louis  Johns, 
A.  A.  Lindsley;  Skamania,  G.  H.  Stevenson; 
Pacific,  J.  A.  Burk ;  Wahiakum,  O.  A.  Bowen ; 
Cowlitz,  Jesse  Van  Name:  Mason,  Henry 
Winsor,  John  McReaw:  Chehalis,  A.  J.  West; 


62 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


Jefferson,  Allen  Weir,  George  H.  Jones,  H. 
C.  Wilson;  Skagit,  James  Power,  Thomas 
Hayton,  H.  Clothier;  Whatcom,  J.  J.  Weisen- 
berger,  E.  Eldridge;  Snohomish,  A.  Schooley; 
Island,  J.  C.  Kellogg;  Kitsap,  S.  A.  Dickey; 
King,  R.  Jeff's,  T.  T.  Minor,  T.  P.  Dyer,  D. 
E.  Dwrie,  John  P.  Kinnear,  John  P.  Hoyt,  M. 
J.  McElroy,  Morgan  Morgans,  George  W. 
Tibbetts,  W.  L.  Newton;  Pierce.  T.  L.  Stiles, 
P.  C.  Sullivan;  Gwin  Hicks,  H.  U.  Lillis,  C.  T. 
Fay,  R.  S.  Moore,  Robert  Jamison ;  Thurston, 
John  T.  Gowey,  T.  M.  Reed,  Francis  Henry; 
Lewis,  O.  H.  Joy,  S.  H.  Berry. 

J.  Z.  Moore,  of  Spokane  Falls,  was  elected 
temporary  chairman  of  the  convention,  and  Al- 
len Weir,  of  Port  Townsend,  was  chosen  tem- 
porary secretary.  Permanent  organization  was 
effected  by  the  election  of  John  P.  Hoyt,  of 
Seattle,  president,  John  I.  Booge,  Spokane 
Falls,  chief  clerk,  and  Clarence  M.  Bartin, 
Tacoma,  reading  clerk.  The  deliberations  of 
the  session  occupied  fifty  days.  At  the  election 
of  October  i,  1889,  the  constitution  framed  by 
these  seventy-five  delegates,  representing  twen- 
ty-eight counties,  was  adopted  by  the  people. 
All  in  all  it  was  an  instrument  fairly  well 
adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the  people  of 
Washington.  Although  not  extravagant  the 
salaries  allowed  state  oflficers  were  liberal;  the 
corporations  were  treated  impartially;  it  pro- 
vided for  five  supreme  judges  and  ordained  su- 
perior courts  in  all  the  counties ;  fixed  the  num- 
ber of  representatives  at  not  less  than  sixty- 
three  nor  more  than  ninety-nine ;  and  the  senate 
at  nor  more  than  half  nor  less  than  a  third  of 
that  number;  and  claimed  all  tide-lands  except 
such  as  had  been  patented  by  the  United  States. 
The  question  of  woman  suffrage,  prohibition 
and  capital  removal  were  voted  upon  separately. 
Of  the  votes  cast  40,152  were  for  adoption  of 
the  constitution  and  11,879  against  it.  Pro- 
hibition was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  31,487  to 
19,546;  woman  suffrage  was  again  laid  aside 
by  34,513  votes  against,  and  16,527  for,  that 
question,  and  for  location  of  the  state  capital 


Olympia  received  25,490  votes;  North  Yakima, 
14,718;  Ellensburg.  12,833;  Centralia,  607; 
Yakima,  314;  Pasco,  120;  scattering,  1,088. 

At  this  initial  state  election  John  L.  Wilson 
was  chosen  for  congressman  and  Elisha  Pyre 
Ferry  for  governor.  The  other  state  officers 
elected  were  Charles  E.  Laughton,  lieutenant 
governor;  Allen  Weir,  secretary  of  state;  A. 
A.  Lindsley,  treasurer;  T.  M.  Reed,  auditor; 
William  C.  Jones,  attorney  general ;  Robert  B. 
Bryan,  superintendent  of  public  instruction ; 
W.  T.  Forrest,  commissioner  of  public  lands. 
Ralph  O.  Dunbar,  Theodore  L.  Stiles,  John  P. 
Hoyt,  Thomas  J.  Anders  and  Elman  Scott 
were  elected  to  the  supreme  brench.  All  of  these 
succeessful  candidates  were  republicans.  Of 
the  one  hundred  and  five  members  of  the  legis- 
lature elected  one  senator  and  six  representa- 
tives were  democrats.  Following  is  the  per- 
sonnel of  the  first  Washington  state  senate  and 
house  of  representatives 

Senate — F.  H.  Luce,  Adams,  Franklin  and 
Okanogan;  C.  G.  Austin,  Asotin  and  Garfield; 

C.  T.  Wooding,  Chehalis;  Henry  Landes, 
Clallam,  Jefferson  and  San  Juan;  L.  B.  Clough, 
Clarke;  H.  H.  Wolfe,  Columbia;  C.  E.  For- 
sythe,  Cowlitz;  J.  M.  Snow.  Douglas  and  Ya- 
kima ;  Thomas  Paine,  Island  and  Skagit ;  W. 

D.  Wood,  J.  H.  Jones,  O.  D.  Gilfoil,  John  R. 
Kinnear,  W.  V.  Reinhart,  Iving;  W.  H.  Knee- 
land,  Kitsap  and  Mason;  E.  T.  Wilson, 
Kittitas:  Jacob  Hunsaker,  Klickitat  and  Ska- 
mania; J.  H.  Long,  Lewis:  H.  W.  Fair- 
weather,  Lincoln;  B.  A.  Seaborg,  Pacific  and 
Wahkiakum;  John  S.  Baker.  L.  F.  Thompson, 
Henry  Drum,  Pierce;  Henry  \'estal,  Snoho- 
mish :  Alexander  Watt,  E.  B.  Hyde,  B.  C.  Van 
Houton,  Spokane;  H.  E.  Houghton,  Spokane 
and  Stevens;  N.  H.  Owings,  Thurston;  Piatt 
A.  Preston,  George  T.  Thompson,  Walla 
Walla;  W.  J.  Parkinson,  Whatcom:  John  C. 
Lawrence,  J.  T.  Whaley,  A.  T.  Farris,  Whit- 
man. 

House — W.  K.  Kennedy,  Adams ;  Will- 
iam Farrish,  Asotin :  L.  B.  Nims,  T-  D.  Med- 


GENERAL    HISTORY. 


63 


calf,  Chehalis;  Amos  F.  Shaw,  John  D. 
Geoghegan,  S.  S.  Cook,  Clarke;  A.  B.  Luce, 
Clallam;  A.  H.  Weatherford,  H.  B.  Day,  Col- 
umbia; Chandler  Huntington,  Jr.,  Cowlitz;  E. 

D.  Nash,  Douglas ;  C.  H.  Flummerfell,  Frank- 
lin; W.  S.  Oliphant,  Garfield;  George  W. 
Morse,  Island;  Joseph  Kuhn,  Jefferson;  J.  T. 
Blackburn,  W.  C.  Rutter,  W.  H.  Hughes, 
Alex.  Allen,  W.  J.  Shinn,  George  Bothwell,  F. 
W.  Bird,  F.  B.  Grant,  King:  ]\I.  S.  Drew,  Kit- 
sap ;  J.  N.  Power,  J.  P.  Sharp,  Kittitas ;  Bruce 

F.  Purdy,  R.  H.  Blair,  Klickitat;  S.  C.  Herren, 
Charles  Gilchrist,  Lewis ;  P.  R.  Spencer,  T.  C. 
Blackfan,  Lincoln ;  John  McReavy,  Mason ; 
Henry  Hamilton,  Okanogan;  Charles  Foster, 
Pacific ;  George  Browne,  A.  Hewitt.  George  B. 
Kandle,  Oliff  Peterson,  James  Knox,  Stephen 
Judson,  Pierce ;  J.  E.  Tucker,  San  Juan ;  J.  E. 
Edens,  B.  D.  Minkler,  Skagit;  George  H.  Stev- 
enson, Skamania;  Alexander  Robertson,  A.  H. 
Eddy,  Snohomish;  J.  W.  Feighan,  J.  E. 
Gandy,  S.  C.  Grubb,  J.  S.  Brown,  A.  K.  Clarke, 

E.  B.  Dean,  Spokane;  M.  A.  Randall,  Stevens; 
W.  G.  Bush,  Francis  Rotch,  Thurston;  Joseph 

G.  Megler,  Wahkiakum;  Joseph  Painter,  Z.  K. 
Straight,  James  Cornwall,  Walla  Walla:  R. 
W.  Montray.  George  Judson.  Whatcom;  J.  C. 
Turner,  E.  R.  Pickerell,  J.  T.  Peterson.  R.  H. 
Hutchinson,  B.  R.  Ostrander.  Whitman;  John 
Cleman,  Yakima. 

On  joint  ballot  the  republican  majority  of 
the  legislature  was  ninety-six,  thus  insuring  the 
election  of  two  United  States  senators.  Wat- 
son C.  Squire  and  John  B.  Allen  were  elected, 
their  respective  votes  on  joint  ballot  being  sev- 
enty-six and  seventy-one.  In  the  United  States 
senate  Mr.  Squire  drew  the  short  term,  expiring 
March  4,  1891,  and  Mr.  Allen  served  the  long 


term,  expiring  March  4,  1893.  In  January, 
1891,  Mr.  Squire  was  re-elected  for  six  years. 
The  omission  of  the  signiture  of  Governor 
Mason  to  a  certificate  accompanying  a  copy  of 
the  constitution  adopted,  caused  a  delay  in  the 
proclamation  of  President  Harrison,  and  in 
consequence  of  this  the  legislature  had  assem- 
bled before  Washington  was  actualy  a  state. 
On  November  11,  1889,  the  proclamation  was 
issued  by  the  President,  attested  by  James  G. 
Blaine,  secretary  of  state,  and  Washington 
stepped  into  the  ranks  of  that  sisterhood  at 
whom  she  had  long  looked  with  rather  envious 
eyes.  During  the  past  fifteen  years  her  course 
as  a  state  has  been  one  fulfilling  the  most  san- 
guine expectations  of  her  sponcors.  Indeed,  a 
retrospective  glance  shows  scarcely  one  unwise 
step  taken  by  the  leading  factors  in  her  political 
and  industrial  history  from  the  first  agitation 
for  territorial  division  until  to-day. 

At  the  date  of  admission  into  the  union 
Washington  had,  approximately,  a  population 
of  200,000.  The  census  of  1900  accords  the 
state  518,103,  and  the  past  four  years  have  ma- 
terially increased  these  figures.  From  twenty- 
eight  counties  at  the  period  of  admission  the 
state  now  has  thirty-six,  and  Indian  reserva- 
tions to  the  number  of  fourteen.  We  can  not 
more  fittingly  close  this  portion  of  our  history 
than  with  the  words  of  the  late  Julian  Ralph, 
written  ten  years  ago  : 

"Washington  is  in  every  material  way  a 
grand  addition  to  the  sisterhood  of  states.  With 
the  easy  and  rich  fancy  of  the  west,  her  people 
say  that  if  you  build  a  Chinese  wall  around 
Washington,  the  state  will  yield  all  that  her 
inhabitants  need  without  contributions  from 
the  outer  world." 


PART    II. 


HISTORY  OF  STEVENS  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


FROM  BEAVER  PELT  TO  BALLOT  BOX. 


Facts  supplying  the  context  of  preceding 
chapters  lead  to  one  definite  conclusion :  Had 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  retained  its  power 
north  of  the  Columbia — an  insidious  power 
constantly  encroaching  on  the  territory  to  the 
south — industrial  development  in  Stevens  coun- 
ty would  have  been  greatly  retarded.  Instead 
of  being  one  of  the  oldest  localities  in  Washing- 
ton in  point  of  historical  interest,  it  would  have 
lingered  in  the  shadow  of  primeval  wilderness 
many  years  longer — steeped  in  the  fatal  policy 
of  industrial  stagnation — a  mere  game  preserve 
for  the  wolf,  bear,  elk,  muskrat  and  beaver.  To 
that  dire  destiny  it  was  surely  doomed  had  not 
international  events  accumulated  an  impetus 
that  rolled  enterprise  into  the  country  on  the 
wheels  of  Wyeth's  and  Whitman's  wagons; 
infused  life  into  an  otherwise  moribund  domain. 
The  seacoast  of  Washington  would  have  been 
British  possessions;  civilization  in  that  direc- 
tion would  have  been  smothered;  the  enervat- 
ing reflex  of  sloth  and  ignorance  would,  un- 
doubtedly have  exerted  a  most  depressing  influ- 
ence on  all  contiguous  territory,  and  a  powerful 
opiate  would  have  been  administered  instead  of 
a  tonic.  Mining  exploitation  would  have  been 
estopped  on  the  threshold  of  discovery;  agri- 
culture would  have  been  stifled  in  infancy :  per- 
sonal ambition  immolated  on  the  altar  of  Brit- 

5 


ish  greed.  Such  vi^as  certainly,  the  baleful  trend 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  policy. 

True,  the  claim  of  England  for  all  territory 
north  of  the  Columbia  river,  had  it  been  al- 
lowed, would  still  have  left  the  greater  portion 
of  modern  Stevens  county  to  the  Americans; 
all  but  a  small  triangle  bounded  by  the  Columbia 
and  Kettle  rivers,  and  the  49th  parallel.  But 
modern  Stevens  county  is  only  a  fraction  of  the 
immmense  district  once  designated  by  that 
name.  Let  us  examine  it.  Originally  its 
boundary  commenced  at  the  mouth  of  Snake 
river;  along  this  river  to  the  46th  degree  of 
north  latitude;  thence  east  along  this  parallel 
to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  includ- 
mg  the  present  "panhandle"  of  Idaho;  thence 
north  to  the  49th  parallel ;  thence  west  to  the 
Columbia  river,  and  down  the  mid-channnel  of 
this  stream  to  the  place  of  beginning.  This 
district  embraced,  aside  from  the  Idaho  "pan- 
handle," Franklin,  Adams,  Whitman,  Spokane. 
Lincoln,  Douglas  and  the  major  portion  of  the 
present  Stevens  county.  To  this  domain  were 
subsequently  added  what  are  now  Ferry,  Okan- 
ogan and  a  part  of  Chelan  counties;  the  latter 
three  all  originally  claimed  as  British  posses- 
sions, together  with  all  other  territory  westward 
to  the  coast.  One  school  district  in  Stevens 
county  embraced  all  the  territory  between  Col- 


66 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ville  and  Spangle,  and  between  Idaho  and  the 
Columbia  river;  not  merely  a  missionary  field 
for  Indian  tribes,  but  a  legally  apportioned 
school  district  for  white  settlers.  Mr.  Swift,  an 
attorney-at-law,  residing  near  Spokane  Falls, 
was  clerk  of  this  Gargantuan  district;  M.  M. 
Cowley,  Yeaton  and  Poole,  directors,  and  Mrs. 
Swift  teacher. 

Thus,  it  will  be  seen,  the  Stevens  county  of 
to-day  is  the  result  of  a  long  period  of  territorial 
concentration ;  a  gradual  narrowing  of  unwield- 
ly  and,  at  times,  indefinite  boundaries.  Origin- 
ally the  name  of  Stevens  county  was  Spokane. 
From  the  territorial  statutes  of  1858-9  it  is 
learned  that  on  January  28,  1858,  the  Wash- 
ington Territorial  legislature  passed  a  bill  creat- 
ing the  county  of  Spokane,  the  boundaries  of 
which  are  defined  in  the  act  of  January  17, 
i860,  which  follows  later  in  this  chapter.  The 
county  seat  was  located  on  the  place  of  Angus 
McLeod,  w^ith  Lafayette  Alexander,  auditor; 
Patrick  McKenzie,  sheriff;  Robert  Douglas, 
John  Owen  and  William  McCreany,  commis- 
sioners. These  officials  do  not  appear  to  have 
accomplished  anything  and,  taking  note  of  this 
f?ct,  the  legislature  on  January  18,  1859,  nearly 
one  year  later,  made  a  second  attempt  to  orga- 
nize the  county,  and  revived  the  bill  which  had, 
through  the  neglect  of  the  officers  named,  be- 
come nugatory.  Officers  apppointed  were  Rob- 
ert Douglas,  John  McDougald  and  Angus  Mc- 
Leod, commissioners:  Thomas  Brown,  sheriff; 
Patrick  McKenzie,  auditor;  Thomas  Stensgar, 
probate  judge,  and  Solomon  Pelky.  justice  of 
the  peace.  These  men  were  empowered  to  hold 
their  respective  offices  until  the  next  regular 
election,  or  until  their  successors  were  elected 
and  qualified.  But  the  new  officers,  also,  re- 
mained inactive,  and  up  to  January  17,  i860, 
Spokane  county  remained  in  an  inchoate  and 
unorganized  condition.  On  January  11,  i860, 
the  house  passed  "An  act  to  creat  and  orga- 
nize the  county  of  Spokane,"  as  follows : 

Section  i.     Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislative  assembly 
of  the  Territory  of  Washington  that  all  that  part  of  the 


Walla  Walla  country  embraced  within  the  following 
boundaries,  to-wit :  Commencing  at  the  mouth  of 
Snake  river,  following  up  said  river  mid-channel  to 
(,46th)  forty-si.xth  parallel  of  north  latitude;  thence  east 
along  said  parallel  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky 
mountains ;  thence  north  following  said  summit  to  the 
(49th)  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude;  thence 
west  along  said  parallel  to  the  Columbia  river;  thence 
down  mid-channel  of  said  river  to  the  place  of  begin- 
ning :  The  same  is  hereby  constituted  and  organized 
into  a  separate  county  to  be  known  and  called  Spokane 
county. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  territory  shall  compose  a  county 
for  civil  and  military  purposes  and  shall  be  under  the 
same  laws,  rules,  regulations  and  restrictions  as  all 
other  counties  in  the  Territory  of  Washington,  and  en- 
titled to  elect  the  same  officers  as  other  counties  are 
entitled  to  elect. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  county  seat  of  said  county  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby  temporarily  located  on  the  land 
claim  of  Dr.  Bates. 

Sec  4.  The  following  named  persons  are  hereby 
appointed  officers  for  said  county,  namely:  Seaman, 
James  Hoyt,  and  Jacques  Demers,  county  commis- 
sioners :  John  Winn,  sheriff,  R.  H.  Rogers,  treasurer, 
Douglas,  auditor,  J.  R.  Bates,  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
F.  Wolf,  coroner,  who  shall  hold  their  respective  offices 
until  the  next  annual  election,  and  until  their  successors 
are  elected  or  appointed  and  qualified.  Before  entering 
upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  offices  they 
shall  comply  with  all  existing  laws  relating  to  qualify- 
ing by  giving  bond  and  taking  an  official  oath ;  said 
bonds  may  be  approved  by  the  persons  named  as  county 
commissioners,  or  a  majority  of  them,  and  the  several 
persons  named  herein  as  officers  may  administer  the 
oath  of  office  to  each  other. 

Sec.  5.  Said  county  of  Spokane  shall  constitute 
a  part  of -the  first  judicial  district,  but  for  the  purpose 
of  hearing  and  determining  all  matters  and  causes  in 
the  district  court,  except  those  in  which  the  United 
States  is  a  party,  it  shall  remain  attached  to  the  county 
of  Walla  iWalla. 

Sec.  6.  All  vacancies  which  may  occur  by  the  non- 
acceptance,  death,  removal  or  resignation  of  any  of  the 
persons  above  named,  may  be  filled  by  the  board  of 
county  commissioners,  and  they  may  also  appoint  such 
other  officers  as  may  be  required  for  said  county  to  hold 
their  offices  until  the  next  general  election  and  until 
their  successors  are  elected  or  appointed  and  qualified. 
Sec.  7.  At  the  next  general  election  the  qualified 
voters  of  said  county  shall  elect  their  county  commis- 
sioners and  all  other  county  officers  in  the  same  manner 
as  by  law  provided  for  other  counties. 

Sec.  8.  Said  county  commissioners,  when  elected, 
as  is  in  preceding  section  provided,  shall  hold  their 
respective  offices,  one  for  one  year,  one  for  two  years 
and  one  for  three  years,  as  shall  at  their  first  meeting 
after  election  be  determined  by  lot. 

Sec.  9.     The  persons  appointed  county  commission- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


67 


ers  may  any  time  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  be- 
fore the  day  appointed  for  the  next  general  election, 
upon  posting  up  suitable  notices  signed  by  a  majority 
of  them,  hold  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  county  commis- 
ioners,  at  which  they  may  transact  any  business  which 
could  be  done  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  board. 

Sec.  10.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent 
herewith  are  hereby  repealed. 

Passed  the  house  of  representatives  January  11, 
i860.  (Signed)  John  D.  Biles,  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

Passed  the  Council  January  17,  i860.  (Signed) 
H.  J.  G.  Macon,  President  of  the  Council. 

In  pursuance  of  this  act  the  commissioners 
named  were  sworn  into  office  at  "Pinkney 
Cit}',"  three  miles  northeast  of  the  present  coun- 
ty seat  of  Stevens  county,  Colville,  on  May  7, 
i860,  and  individually  executed  the  bonds  re- 
quired by  law.  To  these  proceedings  the  new 
county  auditor  attested  as  follows  :  "In  witness 
whereof  I  ha\'e  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  pri- 
vate seal,  (there  being  no  official  seal  provided) , 
this  7th  day  of  May,  A.  D.,  i860.  R.  H.,Rogers, 
auditor  in  and  for  Spokane  county,  W.  T." 

January  20,  1863,  the  legislative  assembly 
passed  an  act  subdividing  this  vast  territory 
and  organizing  the  county  of  Stevens  "for  civil 
and  military  purposes,  to  be  attached  to  the 
county  of  Spokane  for  judicial  purposes."  But 
one  year  thereafter,  January  19,  1864,  an  act 
was  passed  re-annnexing  the  county  of  Spokane 
to  Stevens,  practically  obliterating  the  former, 
and  providing  that  the  county  officers  of  Spo- 
kane should  remain  the  county  officers  of  Ste- 
vens until  the  expiration  of  their  terms ;  Stevens 
county  to  be  entitled  to  representatives  and 
councilmen  of  the  two  counties  formerly  exist- 
ing. This  was  in  the  nature  of  a  political  com- 
promise, and  thus  the  original  Spokane  county 
was  absorbed  in  Stevens  county,  which  fell  heir 
to  all  the  territory  and,  also,  that  of  Ferry, 
Okanogan  and  a  part  of  Chelan  counties.  No- 
vember 21,  1 87 1,  Whitman  county  was  estab- 
lished by  setting  off  the  southern  portion  of  Ste- 
vens county,  and  in  1879  a  new  Spokane  county 
was  set  off  from  the  remaining  portion  of  Ste- 
vens.   The  former  then  had  a  population   of 


4,262.  It  is  not  within  the  province  of  this  his- 
tory of  Stevens,  to  trace  the  gradual  subdi- 
visions of  Ferry,  Okanogan  and  Chelan  coun- 
ties, which  subjects  will  be  treated  in  their 
proper  places.  We  must  now  revent  to  the  ear- 
lier years  of  settlement,  and  lead  up  from  the 
original  trade  in  peltries  to  political  recognition 
and  the  privilege  of  the  elective  franchise  under 
purely  American  government. 

Tlie  county  whose  history  we  are  now  to 
consider  was  named  in  honor  of  Isaac  Ingalls 
Stevens,  first  territorial  governor  of  Washing- 
ton, appointed  by  President  Franklin  Pierce  in 
1853.  Yet  the  dawn  of  its  historical  interest 
opens  thirty-one  years  before  that  period,  even 
before  Marcus  Whitman,  the  Lees,  John  Day  or 
Wyeth  had  fought  their  way  across  the  conti- 
nent and  made  their  most  sanguine  promises 
to  the  United  States  government  a  certainty. 
Only  seventeen  years  after  Lewis  and  Clarke 
had  turned  their  faces  eastward  on  their  return 
trip  from  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  John  Mc- 
Leod  \\-as  in  charge  of  what  was  known  as  the 
"Thompson  River  district,"  superintending  the 
distribution  of  supplies  for  the  region  between 
the  Rocky  mountain's  and  the  Pacific ;  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  to  the  Russian 
boundary  line.  April  26,  1826,  McLeod  found 
himself  at  Spokane  Falls  whither  he  had  ar- 
rived from  the  coast,  and  he  started  for  Fort 
Edmonton,  arriving  two  months  later.  May 
17th.  During  his  progress  he  encountered  snow 
so  deep  that  he  was  compelled  to  cut  his  leath- 
ern trousers  into  strips  to  make  snowshoes.  At 
that  period  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had 
thirty  posts,  "factories"  or  forts,  within  the  ter- 
ritory then  jointly  occupied  by  Americans  and 
Englishmen,  and  called  "Oregon."  One  of 
these  was  named  Fort  Colville,  near  Kettle 
Falls  on  the  Columbia  river.  This  was  not  the 
Fort  Colville  subsequently  established  by  the 
United  States  government  at  "Pinkney  City," 
three  miles  northeast  from  Colville,  the  present 
capital  of  Stevens  county.  Yet  considerable 
confusion   has   arisen,   even   among  otherwise 


68 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    \VASHL\GTOx\. 


well-informed  people  concerning  the  identity  of 
these  two  "forts."  The  older  one  was  a  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company's  trading  post;  the  other 
was  established  by  the  United  States  in  May. 
1859.  Pinkney  City  was  named  after  Major 
Pinkney  Lugebeel.  With  him  McLeod  had  a 
band  of  calves  which  he  was  transporting  from 
Fort  ■Vancouver  to  Fort  Colville,  on  the  Colum- 
bia. Some  of  these  adolescent  bovines  were 
killed  by  the  Indians  who  regarded  them  only 
in  the  light  of  so  much  "fresh  meat."  and  Mc- 
Leod and  his  force  .experienced  no  small  diffi- 
culty in  protecting  them.  The  quickness  of 
James  Douglas  saved  :\IcLeod"s  life,  when  the 
former  struck  up  a  gun  with  which  a  savage 
was  about  to  shoot  McLeod  in  the  back.  Ac- 
cording to  Bancroft,  "Through  all  these  dan- 
gers the  precious  calves  nevertheless  passed  in 
safety  to  Fort  Colville,  (at  Kettle  Falls),  where 
they  fulfilled  their  mission,  multiplying  rapid- 
ly." This  was  the  initial  introduction  of  "live 
stock"  into  Stevens  county. 

A  short  time  previous  to  this  a  Hudson's 
Bay  Company's  post,  or  "fort,"  had  been  re- 
moved from  its  location  on  Spokane  river  to 
Kettle  Falls,  and  named  Fort  Colville  in  honor 
of  the  then  governor  of  the  company.  Work's 
Journal  says  that  "the  exact  time  of  removal  is 
obscure,  but  in  July,  1826.  we  find  a  party  em- 
barking at  Fort  Vancouver  with  '72  pieces  for 
Fort  Colville,"  which  shows  that  the  establish- 
ment was  then  in  operation."  The  "History 
of  Oregon."  by  Evans,  gives  the  founding  of 
the  Kettle  Falls  Fort  Colville  as  in  1825,  while 
Anderson's  "Northwest  Coast"  places  it  in 
1826.  But  \Mlkes'  "Narrative  of  U.  S.  Ex- 
plorations" agrees  with  Evans,  claiming  1825 
as  the  date.  It  was  at  the  Kettle  Falls  Fort  Col- 
ville, a  trading  post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, that  the  accounts  of  the  other  posts  in 
eastern  Oregon  centered,  thereby  saving  a  trip 
to  Vancouver.  Other  tading  posts  were  at  this 
period  located  at  Walla  Walla,  Fort  Okanogan, 
a  stockade  above  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan 
river:  one  nn  the  Kootenais.  one  mi  Lake  Pend 


d'Oreille  and  one  on  the  Flathead  river.  Of 
these,  however.  Fort  Colville  was  considered 
the  most  important,  situated  one  hundred  miles 
northeast  of  Fort  Okanogan,  in  the  midst  of  a 
good  agricultural  country,  and  with  a  fine  cli- 
mate, good  fishing  and  other  advantages.  Es- 
tablished shortly  after  the  location  of  Fort  Va.i- 
couver,  with  the  customary  allotment  of  two 
cows  and  a  bull,  it  had,  in  1834,  like  Vancouver,. 
its  lowing  herds  furnishing  beef,  butter  and 
milk.  It  had,  also,  other  stock,  including  fairly 
bred  horses,  and  a  small  grist  mill.  Many  varie- 
ties of  garden  produce  matured  in  the  climate  in 
abundance. 

The  zealous  fur  hunters  in  the  employment 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  were  the  pio- 
neers of  Stevens  county.  In  no  sense  of  the 
word  were  they  settlers.  In  habits,  character- 
istics and  pursuits  they  were  but  few  removes 
from  the  swarthy  savage  who  shared  with  them 
the  spoils  of  the  chase  and  the  trap.  As  the  bus- 
iness of  the  monopolistic  British  syndicate  in- 
creased these  voyageurs,  English,  French  on 
half-breeds,  multiplied,  as  a  natural  sequence, 
yet  for  all  their  efiforts  the  country  would  have 
remained  as  wild  and  virginal  as  it  was  the  first 
day  they  encroached  upon  the  soil.  Actual  set- 
tlement of  the  once  extensive  domain  of  Ste- 
vens county  was  given  its  initial  impetus  by 
Catholic  missionaries. 

Of  these  spiritual  pioneers  Father  De  Smet 
was  not  the  first.  In  the  fall  of  1838  F.  N.  Blan- 
chet  and  Rev.  IModest  Demers  came  into  the 
country  in  response  to  reiterated  requests  from 
the  French  Canadians,  a  large  majority  of 
whom  were  Catholics.  Many  of  them  had  in- 
termarried with  the  Indians,  and  their  rude 
"settlements"  assumed  much  of  the  barbaric 
etYect  of  actual  Indian  camps.  Fathers  Blan- 
chet  and  Demers  were  sent  out  to  these  people 
by  the  ecclesiastical  authorities  of  eastern  Can- 
ada. They  first  came  to  Fort  Colville.  and 
thence  down  the  Columbia  ri\er  on  one  of  the 
boats  belonging  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 
Subsequently  Father  Blanchet  became  the  first 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


69 


archbishop  of  Oregon.  Fort  Colville  was  revis- 
ited by  Father  Demers  in  1839.  He  was  then 
on  his  way  to  New  Caledonia.  At  this  period 
Father  De  Smet  was  pursuing  his  spiritual  avo- 
cations in  the  Flathead  country  of  Montana, 
near  what  is  now  the  town  of  Kalispell.  From 
this  point,  by  the  aid  of  Indian  couriers,  he 
opened  communication  witli  Fathers  Blanchet 
and  Demers,  and  in  1841,  he,  too,  came  to  Fort 
Colville,  having  first  laid  the  foundation  of  St. 
Mary's  Mission.  Montana.  It  does  not  appear 
that  Father  De  Smet  went  so  far  south  as  Spo- 
kane Falls.  The  primary  object  of  his  visit 
was  to  procure  seed,  and  at  that  time  the  vicin- 
ity of  Colville  was  the  only  country  agricultur- 
ally developed.  From  Colville  (Kettle  Falls), 
Father,. De  Smet  returned  to  Montana  with  a 
few  bushels  of  wheat,  oats  and  potatoes  with 
which,  it  is  said,  he  began  the  first  farming  ever 
prosecuted  in  that  territory.  To  Father  Demers 
Stevens  county  owes  much  for  his  untiring  zeal 
and  industry,  not  only  in  spiritual,  but  in  the 
practical  affairs  of  life.  He  is  more  closely 
identified  with  the  early  history  of  this  section, 
as  Father  Blanchet's  field  was  farther  south,  in 
Oregon.  In  the  "History  of  Spokane  County" 
the  Very  Reverend  Leopold  Van  Gorp,  General 
Superior  of  Indian  Missions,  Gongaza  College, 
says: 

"The  Colville  Indians,  after  meeting  with 
the  missionaries  (in  Montana),  were  accus- 
tomed to  frequently  visit  them  at  their  place 
among  the  Kalispells.  But  at  the  earnest  solic- 
itation of  their  chief,  Martin  Ilemuxsolix, 
Father  Anthony  Ravalli  went  to  visit  them  in 
1845,  ^nd  built  the  first  chapel  in  their  midst, 
on  the  hill  between  the  fishery  and  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company's  fort,  on  the  banks  of  the  Col- 
umbia, near  Kettle  Falls.  It  may  perhaps  serve 
to  relieve  my  dull  narrative  to  insert  here  a 
little  incident  which  happened  to  Father  Ravalli 
while  among  the  Colvilles.  News  was  brought 
to  him  one  day  that  an  Indian  woman  had  quar- 
reled with  her  husband,  and,  driven  to  despera- 
tion by  jealousy,  had  just  hanged  herself  with 


a  lariat  to  a  tree.  Father  Ravalli  hastened  to 
the  spot  and  cutting  asunder  the  lariat,  quickly 
freed  the  woman's  neck,  which,  upon  exami- 
nation, he  found  not  broken.  Although  the 
body  was  still  warm,  pulsation  at  the  wrists,  as 
well  as  the  heart,  had  already  ceased,  and  to 
all  appearances  life  was  extinct.  Father  Ra- 
valli stretched,  what  everybody  supposed  her  to 
be,  the  dead  woman,  upon  the  ground,  and  com- 
menced now  to  breathe  into  her  mouth,  now  to 
move  her  arrrts  up  and  down,  so  as  to  impart  ar- 
tificially to  her  lungs  the  movement  of  natural 
respiration,  and  thus  quicken  into  action  the 
spark  of  vitality  still  there,  perhaps,  only  latent 
and  dormant.  He  kept  working  in  this  manner 
for  about  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  when  all  at 
once  a  slight  change  of  color  appeared  on  the 
lips  and  face  of  the  woman.  Encouraged  by 
the  sign  he  continued,  and  soon  after  clearer 
indications  of  returning  life  became  noticable. 
A  little  while  yet  and  the  woman,  to  the  aston- 
ishment of  all.  commenced  to  breathe,  first  faint- 
ly and  at  broken  intervals,  then  more  freely  and 
more  regularly.  A  while  later  she  opened  her 
eyes,  and  from  a  seeming  corpse,  she  was  soon 
after  up  and  moving  around,  living  to  be'on  aid 
woman.  This  unusual  and  yet  simple  occur- 
rence won  to  Father  Ravalli  with  all  the  In- 
dians the  name  of  the  'Great  Medicine  Man." 

"But  in  1845  Father  Ravalli  did  no  more 
than  erect  a  little  chapel,  neither  did  he  remain 
here  for  any  length  of  time.  Other  mission- 
aries, however,  frequently  visited  the  chapel  and 
held  services  for  the  Indians.  In  1847  Father 
Devos  opened  a  mission  here,  retaining  the 
name  of  St.  Paul,  already  given  to  the  chapel. 
He  spent  several  years  among  these  Indians, 
and  while  he  had  to  labor  hard  and  endure 
many  hardships,  still  his  work  was  lightened  by 
the  great  success  that  attended  it.  as  he  con- 
verted not  only  the  greater  part  of  the  Colville 
Indians,  but  many  of  the  Sinatchsti  tribe  as 
well.  However,  in  1851,  broken  in  health  from 
his  great  exertions  among  the  Colville  Indians, 
he  was  obliged  to  go  to  the  residence  on  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


^^'iIlamette  to  recuperate.  Another  station, 
that  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  was  estab- 
lished at  Fort  Colville,  about  two  miles  from 
the  present  town  of  Colville.  It  was  estab- 
lished for  the  whites  and  half-breeds  in  and 
around  the  fort.  At  times  this  station,  like  that 
at  the  fishery,  had  a  resident  priest,  while  at 
other  times,  both  places  were  attended  by  Fath- 
ers from  the  other  missions.  Some  years  later 
both  these  places  were  abandoned,  as  the  fort 
was  no  longer  used  and  the  fishery  had  lost  its 
importance,  as  the  Indians  no  longer  gathered 
here  to  fish,  owing  to  the  fact  that  large  fisheries 
had  been  established  by  the  whites  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia,  preventing  the  salmon  from 
making  their  way  up  the  river.  The  mission- 
aries then  established  themselves  in  the  Colville 
valley,  about  seven  and  one-half  miles  from  the 
town  of  Colville.  Here  they  opened  the  resi- 
der.ce  of  St.  Francis  Regis,  which  has  since 
grown  into  the  flourishing  mission  of  the  same 
name.  To-day  it  has  its  school  for  boys,  taught 
by  the  Jesuits,  and  a  school  for  girls,  taught  by 
the  sisters  of  Providence.  It  can  boast  of  a 
splendid  farm,  of  a  mill  and  many  modern  im- 
provements. The  mission  is  now  outside  the 
reservation,  though  it  continues  to  be  the  center 
to  which  the  adjoining  Indian  tribes  come,  espe- 
cially for  the  great  feats.  Besides  there  are 
quite  a  number  of  whites  and  half-breeds  who 
come  to  the  mission  for  their  religious  duties." 
Following  the  introduction  of  missions  and 
chapels  came  actual  settlement  of  the  county. 
At  one  period,  in  March,  1903,  there  was 
among  the  residents  of  Colville,  the  county 
seat,  considerable  speculation  concerning  the 
number  of  citizens  of  eastern  Washington  who 
had  resided  within  the  state  and  territory  fifty 
years.  It  will  be  remembered  by  all  who  ha-\-e 
followed  the  preceding  chapters  that  on  March 
2,  1853,  the  bill  forming  the  territory  of  Wash- 
ington, as  distinct  from  Oregon,  passed  the 
United  States  senate,  having  previously  run  the 
gauntlet  of  the  house  with  but  nominal  opposi- 


tion. Hence  the  interest  among  Colville  resi- 
dents, regarding  the  matter,  March  2,  1903, 
the  fiftieth  annniversary  of  the  forming  of  the 
Territory.  There  was  extended  inquiry  with 
the  result  that  it  was  at  last  reluctantly  conced- 
ed that  there  was  none  in  Stevens  county  who 
has  been  a  resident  therein  fifty  years.  This, 
however,  was  found  to  be  an  erroneous  conclu- 
sion.   As  the  Reveille  (Colville)  said: 

"Stevens  county  comes  to  the  front  with  at 
least  three  men  who  ha\e  weathered  the  stormy 
times;  who  have  made  history  for  this  part  of 
the  state  for  more  than  fifty  years,  and  they 
promise  to  live  out  a  score  or  more  years  yet. 
One  of  them  is  Andrew  Hughson,  who  lives 
on  his  farm  just  two  miles  south  of  town. 
(Colville.)  Mr.  Hughson  crossed  the  Rocky 
mountains  in  the  Crows  Nest  region  in  1851, 
and  in  November  of  that  year  established  his 
residence  at  what  was  known  as  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company's  fort,  near  ]\Iarcus.  Shortly 
before  his  arrival  Donald  McDonald,  now  a 
gray-haired  man  of  fifty-threee  years,  born  in 
Montana,  came  to  Marcus  and  still  lives  there. 
John  Inkster,  of  Valley,  is  perhaps  the  oldest 
living  settler  of  the  state.  His  residence  dates 
from  1848,  fifty-five  years  ago,  and  he  is  still 
in  good  health.  Mr.  Hughson  has  lived  forty- 
four  years  on  his  farm,  which  is  his  home,  and 
his  review  of  his  past  history  is  truly  interest- 
ing. There  are  many  here  who  date  their  resi- 
dence as  far  back  as  1855  and  i860,  but  these 
three  men  mentioned  are  the  first  settlers." 

In  this  connection  the  following  interview 
with  Mr.  F.  Wolfif,  residing  at  Colville,  is  apro- 
pos.   To  the  writer  he  said  : 

"I  came  to  Stevens  county  in  1856  from 
Montana,  where  I  had  been  employed  in  Gov- 
ernor Stevens'  party.  The  first  attempt  at  orga- 
nization of  the  county  was  made  in  1858,  but 
was  unsuccessful,  and  some  of  the  officers  who 
had  received  appointments  did  not,  at  the  time, 
know  of  the  honor  that  had  been  thrust  upon 
them.     But  in  i860  a  permanent  organization 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


71 


was  established  by  the  Territorial  legislature, 
and  officers  were  appointed  and  served  until 
the  first  election  was  held  in  that  year. 

"In  June,  1859,  George  B.  McClellan,  then 
a  captain  of  engineers  of  the  regular  army,  but 
a  few  years  afterward  the  commanding  general 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  accompanied  by 
two  companies  of  infantry  under  Captains  Fra- 
zer  and  Archer,  left  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  on  a 
trip  through  this  northern  country.  They  came 
up  through  the  Okanogan  country  and  were  on 
duty  at  the  boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  the  British  possessions,  which  was 
then  in  dispute.  For  some  reason  which  I 
never  learned  they  did  not  long  remain  here, 
but  returned  to  the  post  at  The  Dalles.  While 
in  the  north  country  they  were  engaged  in 
marking"  the  boundary  line  between  the  two 
countries.  This  was  done  by  cutting  a  wide 
swath  through  the  timber.  Where  there  was 
no  timber  they  built  mounds  and  piled  up  em- 
bankments. While  the  swaths  through  the 
timber  which  they  cut  have  partly  grown  up 
to  timber  again,  the  boundary  line  can  be  easily 
noticed  to  this  day.  A  coincidence  of  this  trip 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  all  three  of  these  offi- 
cers but  a  short  time  afterward  became  gen- 
erals in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion — McClellan 
on  the  union  side  and  Frazer  and  Archer  in 
the  Confederate  Army. 

"In  the  fall  of  1862  the  regular  troops  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Colville  (Pinkney  City,  not  Ket- 
tle Falls),  were  called  east  to  take  part  in  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion.  To  take  their  places  two 
companies  of  volunteers  were  recruited  at  San 
Francisco  and  came  to  the  post  at  Fort  Colville. 
These  companies  were  in  command  of  Major 
Curtis.  These  companies  were  recruited  mostly 
from  convicts  from  California,  who  were  thus 
offered  pardon  on  condition  that  ihey  enlist. 
Major  Curtis  did  not  remain  long,  his  place  be- 
ing taken  by  Major  Rumelles.  These  troops 
were  on  duty  here  until  after  the  war,  when 
regular  troops  again  took  charge  of  the  fort." 

Fort  Colville,  at  Pinknev  Citv.  three  miles 


northeast  of  Colville,  in  contradistinction  to  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  "Fort"  Colville,  near 
Kettle  Falls,  was  established  in  June,  1859,  by 
the  government  of  the  United  States.  It  was 
built  for  the  protection  of  widely  separated 
groups  of  American  settlers.  There  had  been 
a  large  overflow  of  population  on  opening  of 
the  transmontane  country,  east  of  the  Cascades, 
in  1858.  Reputed  gold  discoveries  on  the  Col- 
umbia, Malheur  and  other  streams  accounts  for 
this  sudden  hegira.  Gold  was  also  discovered 
on  the  Wenatchee  river,  in  the  latitude  of  the 
Snoqualimich  Pass,  and  near  Colville.  Some 
of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Stevens  county  were 
e.x-miners  who  found  both  soil  and  climate  fa- 
vorable and  concluded  to  establish  homes  in 
this  locality.  Again,  the  completion  of  a  mili- 
tar)'  road  between  Forts  Benton,  in  Montana, 
and  Walla  Walla,  in  Washington,  attracted 
quite  a  number  from  the  valley  of  the  Bitter 
Root,  which  at  that  period  was  a  portion  of  the 
vast  area  known  as  Spokane  county.  Military 
officers,  soldiers,  freighters  became  gold  seek- 
ers, and  they  flocked  in  from  the  Fraser  River 
country,  their  stories  adding  materially  to  the 
stock  of  information  in  possession  of  mining 
prospectors.  The  writer  has  seen  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  Lieutenant  John  Mullan,  who  had 
charge  of  the  construction  of  the  military  road, 
in  which  he  says  he  discovered  valuable  ore 
showings  along  his  route,  but  was  afraid  to 
divulge  the  same  through  fear  of  desertions 
among  his  rather  small  force  of  road  builders. 
Few  are  the  biographies  of  Washington  pio- 
neers that  do  not  contain  episodes  of  mining 
exploitations,  of  greater  or  less  range,  in  the 
careers  of  the  subjects.  Companies  were  orga- 
nized in  Portland,  and  from  that  city  capitalists 
sent  out  "grub-staked"  prospectors  by  the  hun- 
dreds. The  quality  of  the  gold  in  this  vicinity 
was  coarse,  equal  in  coin  to  seventeen  or  eigh- 
teen dollars,  and  superior  to  the  gold  of  the 
Similkameen.  In  February,  1859,  a  party  led 
by  J.  N.  Bell,  of  The  Dalles,  set  out  for  Colville. 
This  contingent,  together  with  fifty  others  who 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


had  wintered  at  that  point,  were  among  the  first 
in  the  new  "diggings."  In  March  the  floating 
population  of  the  Walla  Walla  valley  swarmed 
up  into  this  vicinity,  while  others  came  from 
far  off  Yreka,  California.  A  wagon  road  was 
opened  between  the  Similkameen  and  Priest 
Rapids.  Parties  came  in  from  the  Willamette 
in  small  boats,  and  the  steamer  Colonel  Wright 
brought  up  sixty  tons  of  freight.  It  was  still 
early  spring  when  these  "stampeders"  arrived, 
and  much  of  the  placer  ground  was  under 
water.  Those  who  could  work  could  not  pay 
expenses.  Some  returned  westward;  others 
pushed  on  to  Quesnell  river,  and  others,  more 
fortunate,  discovered  gold  on  Rock  Creek,  one 
of  the  headwaters  of  the  Kettle  River,  and  on 
the  Pend  d'Oreille.  Suddenly  it  was  discov- 
ered that  the  most  productive  mines,  those  on 
Rock  Creek  and  the  Similkameen,  were  in  Brit- 
ish territory,  north  of  the  49th  parallel.  A  tax 
of  $100  was  levied  on  American  traders  who 
wished  to  sell  goods  to  the  miners,  and  in  i86r 
there  were  20,000  of  them,  mostly  Americans, 
in  British  Columbia.  Later  discoveries  of  gold 
at  Pierce  City  and  Oro  Fino  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Colville  miners,  and  their  number, 
from  that  period,  i860,  dwindled  materially. 

Of  the  Fraser  River  stampede  the  States- 
man-Index, (Colville),  of  October  8,  1897, 
says: 

"This  Fraser  River  excitement,  while  it  ter- 
minated like  most  'rushes'  in  disaster,  or  ill- 
luck  to  the  many,  had  its  influence  on  Stevens 
county.  In  the  autumn  of  1859  about  forty 
prospectors,  full  of  the  strength  of  youth  and  a 
determination  to  get  a  share  of  the  wealth  that 
was  free  to  men  of  pluck,  were  making  their 
way  through  the  Colville  valley  well  equipped 
for  an  undertaking  that  might  have  made  less 
experienced  men  falter.  Arrived  thus  far  on 
the  trip  they  began  to  meet  miners  who  told  of 
their  own  folly  and  fruitless  errand  to  Fraser 
river.  As  the  days  passed  other  men  were 
spoken  who  had.  practically,  the  same  tale  to 
tell.     This  settled  it  with  our  party  of  prospec- 


tors; the  meadow  lands  of  the  Colville  valley 
seemed  likely  to  yield  greater  returns  in  gold 
than  would  the  gold  fields  of  the  north,  and  ac- 
cordingly they  decided  to  go  no  farther,  but 
returned  and  settled  here.  These  men  formed 
the  nucleus  of  civilization  in  Stevens  county. 
Some  are  still  among  our  most  honored  citi- 
zens; others  have  passed  over  the  great  divide 
into  the  vale  beyond.  But  each  had  his  part  in 
the  early  history  of  Stevens  county." 

The  honor  of  being  the  oldest  settled  por- 
tion of  the  state  of  Washington,  east  of  the 
Cascades  cannot  justly  be  denied  Stevens  coun- 
ty. This  distinction,  however,  cannot  be  ac- 
corded "Fort"  Colville,  of  the  Kettle  Falls  loca- 
tion, nor  the  later  Fort  Colville,  of  Pinkney 
City.  At  Meyers  Falls,  on  the  Colville  river, 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  erected  a  grist 
mill  in  1816,  only  eleven  years  after  Lewis  and 
Clarke  had  completed  their  memorable  expedi- 
tion. The  old  burrs  of  this  mill  are  yet  on  the 
ground.  Agents  of  the  company,  however, 
were  in  this  vicinity  as  early  as  1809,  but  mere- 
ly for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  furs  of  the 
Indians,  and  making  no  attempt  at  settlement. 
Whether  this  original  mill  was  torn  down  or 
destroyed  by  fire  is  not  definitely  known,  but 
another  milll  was  crested  on  the  same  spot, 
which  was  standing  in  1865-6.  At  this  period 
L.  W.  Meyers,  for  whom  the  falls  were  named, 
a  Canadian  and  the  pioneer  of  Stevens  county, 
took  a  lease  upon  the  building  pending  a  settle- 
ment of  the  old  company  with  the  United  States 
government  for  relinquishment  of  their 
lands.  Mr.  Meyers  afterward  secured  posses- 
sion of  the  water  power,  a  fall  of  135  feet  in  a 
distance  of  three-eigths  of  a  mile,  and  one  of 
the  most  valuable  water  powers  in  eastern 
Washington.  The  roof  of  this  mill  was  cov- 
ered with  cedar  bark  and  although  far  from 
being  supplied  with  modern  milling  appliances 
its  product  was  eaten  with  keen  relish  for  many 
years.  New  buildings  were  erected  in  inSya. 
Mr.  Meyers,  being  in  a  reminiscent  mood  in 
August.  1899,  wrote  as  follows: 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


7i 


"One  would  scarcely  believe  in  passing 
through  the  Colville  valley  that  its  quiet  soli- 
tude had  once  been  rudely  shaken  by  war's 
alarm.  On  the  site  of  the  town  many,  many 
moons  ago  there  was  a  terrible  fight  between 
the  Spokane  and  Colville  Indians.  The  story 
goes  that  for  three  days  the  battle  raged,  first 
the  victory  seeming  to  perch  upon  the  banners 
of  the  Spokanes,  and  then  the  terrific  onslaught 
of  the  Colvilles,  who  were  defending  their 
homes,  would  turn  the  tide  of  battle,  and  finally 
the  Spokanes  were  driven  from  the  field.  In 
this  terrific  battle  the  casualties  were  two  In- 
dians wounded,  who  were  artistically  decorated 
with  arrows  in  various  parts  of  the  anatomy. 
In  this  battle  there  were  2,000  warriors  en- 
gaged. This  skirmish  is  not  recorded  in  any 
history  of  Stevens  county,  but  it  is  well  authen- 
ticated. So  it  would  seem  that  the  quiet  of  Col- 
ville valley  has  not  escaped  war." 

In  tracing  the  history  of  Stevens  county  it 
again  becomes  necessary  to  revert  to  the  period 
when  it  enjoyed  a  commonwealth  existence 
imder  the  name  of  Spokane  county.  The  first 
meeting  of  the  board  of  county  commissioners 
was  held  May  8,  i860.  The  records  show  that 
all  members  of  the  board  and  the  auditor,  R. 
H.  Rogers,  were  present.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  the  bill  providing  for  the  formation 
of  Spokane  county  named  one  Douglas  as 
county  auditor,  and  R.  H.  Rogers  as  treasurer. 
It  appears  that  a  change,  or  transposition  of 
these  officers  was  made  whereby  Mr.  Rogers 
assumed  the  duties  of  auditor  and  Mr.  Doug- 
las became  treasurer.  At  this  initial  meeting 
the  board  established  an  election  precinct  at 
Pinkney  City,  the  place  where  the  county  com- 
missioners first  met,  and  which  was  supposed  at 
the  time  to  be  the  county  seat.  Of  this  elec- 
tion precinct  Charles  Miller  and  Cyrus  Hall 
were  appointed  inspectors,  E.  Averill  and  C. 
L.  Thomas,  judges,  and  Henry  Lafleur,  clerk. 
An  election  precinct  was  also  established  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river,  of  which 
John  Bolonge  and  James  Smith  were  appointed 


inspectors,  and  Richard  Frye,  Rich  and  Rouse, 
judges  and  clerk.  Notices  of  election  were 
ordered  posted,  and  Joseph  L.  Houck  was 
named  as  a  road  supervisor.  This  is  all  that 
appears  of  record  at  the  first  meeting  of  the 
Spokane  county  commissioners,  and  the  pro- 
ceedings were  signed  by  R.  H.  Rogers  as  clerk 
of  the  board. 

On  August  4,  i860,  another  meeting  was 
held  which  adjourned  to  meet  on  the  8th  inst. 
There  appears  to  have  been  an  election  previous 
to  this  meeting,  but  there  is  no  record  of  it  other 
than  is  shown  in  the  board  proceedings.  The 
meeting  is  dated  Pinkney  City,  August  8,  i860, 
and  shows  that  there  were  present  I.  W.  Sea- 
man, James  Hayes  and  George  Taylor,  as  com- 
missioners, and  Taylor  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  board.  The  following  officials,  supposed  to 
have  been  elected  at  the  interregnum  election, 
presented  their  bonds  which  were  accepted :  R. 
H.  Douglass,  treasurer;  Cyrus  Hall,  justice  of 
the  peace ;  John  Gunn,  assessor.  The  board  es- 
tablished grocery  licenses  (properly  saloon  li- 
censes) at  $200  per  annum,  and  for  billiard 
tables  and  bowling  alleys,  when  conducted  in 
connection  with  the  "groceries"  at  $30  per 
annum.  By  application  licenses  were  then 
granted  to  Messrs.  Chamberlain  &  Walker, 
Seaman  &  Company,  James  Hayes,  and  Bige- 
low  &  Lynch  to  retail  ardent  spirits  in  Pinkney 
City;  also  license  was  granted  to  Bigelow  & 
Lynch  to  keep  a  billiard  saloon.  The  record  is 
signed  I.  W.  Seaman,  chairman. 

At  the  following  meeting  of  November  6, 
i860,  George  Taylor  appears  as  chairman  and 
J.  R.  Bates,  clerk.  The  principal  business 
transacted  was  the  granting  of  licenses  as  fol- 
lows: John  Nelson,  P.  Stergenacker  &  Com- 
pany and  R.  H.  Rogers  to  retail  ardent  spirits 
in  Pinkney  City  for  six  months :  J.  W.  Crow 
and  Wheelock  &  Company  to  conduct  the  same 
business  near  old  Fort  Colville,  for  six  months, 
and  to  Seaman  &  Company  to  keep  a  bowling 
alley  in  Pinkney  City  for  six  months.  The  fol- 
lowing day  the  commissioners  proceeded  to  bal- 


74 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


lot  for  their  respective  terms  of  office.  George 
Taylor  drew  the  one-year  term,  James  Hayes 
two  years,  and  I.  W.  Seaman  three  years. 

At  the  following  meeting  of  the  board, 
December  8,  i860.  Commissioner  James  Hayes 
reported  to  his  colleagues  on  the  board  that 
Messrs.  Allen  &  Juet  had  been  guilty  of  retail- 
ing liquors  without  passing  through  the  for- 
mality of  securing  a  license.  L.  Hilbord  ap- 
peared as  a  witness,  and  having  been  duly 
sworn  testified  that  he  had  been  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  parties  complained  of,  and  drank 
liquor ;  the  last  time  being  on  the  day  on  which 
he  testified  before  the  board.  He  added  that  the 
house  was  quite  disorderly  owing  to  the  many 
men  within  who  were  drinking  and  carousing. 
Allen  &  Juet  at  that  period  resided  in  the  lower 
part  of  Pinkney  City.  No  action  appears  to 
have  been  taken  in  regard  to  this  matter.  A 
license  was  granted  to  Joseph  Ladoux  to  con- 
duct a  ferry  on  the  Columbia  river,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Kettle  river,  for  the  term  of  one 
year.  The  rates  of  ferryage  prescribed  were: 
Pack  animal,  $1.25;  man  and  horse,  $2;  loose 
animals,  $1  each;  footman,  75  cents;  freight, 
per  ton,  $5.  Thomas  Ferrill  was  recommended 
to  the  board  for  constable  of  Pinkney  precinct, 
and  appointed  as  such. 

December  15,  i860,  the  county  commis- 
sioners assembled  at  Pinkney  City  and  pro- 
ceeded to  locate  the  first  county  road,  after  they 
had  appointed  B.  F.  Coppage  as  road  super- 
visor. It  is  described  as  follows :  Commencing 
at  the  ferry  on  the  Columbia  river  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Kettle  river ;  running  thence  to  Peter 
Gurrie's,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  in  as  near  a 
straight  line  as  practicable;  thence  following 
the  present  wagon  road,  as  near  as  convenient, 
to  Pinkney  City ;  thence  following  the  govern- 
ment road  to  the  bridge  at  "old  Pears,"  leaving 
the  present  wagon  road  at,  or  near,  the  bridge, 
and  following  an  old  Indian  trail  bearing  to  the 
right  and  intersecting  the  old  road  running  up 
the  valley  near  George  Muce's  claim;  running 
up  the  old  road  as  near  as  practicable  to  where 


the  old  pack  trail  leaves  the  wagon  road  to  cross 
Mill  river ;  turning  to  the  right ;  following  said 
pack-trail,  or  as  near  to  it  as  convenient  to 
strangers;  running  from  thence  along  the  pack- 
trail  to  the  Spokane. 

A  branch  road,  located  at  the  same  meeting 
is  described  thus :  "Leaving  the  county  road 
near  Louise  Matt's  house,  down  the  side  of  his 
field  to  the  southeast  corner  of  his  fence ;  thence 
running  through  the  swamp  to  old  Marcus' 
house;  thence  down  the  lane  from  Marcus'; 
running  below  Alexander  Muriejoe's  field; 
thence  along  the  old  road  to  George  Taylor's ; 
thence  up  the  side  hill,  leaving  the  old  road  to 
the  right,  to  F.  Muriejoe's;  thence  following  up 
the  old  road,  intersecting  the  county  road  where 
it  comes  dovra  the  hill  near  George  Muce's 
claim." 

At  the  same  meeting,  on  application  by  peti- 
tion of  the  citizens  of  Pinkney  City,  the  com- 
missioners appropriated  $100  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  public  well  in  Pinkney  City,  to  be  paid 
on  completion  of  the  well.  The  board  appointed 
James  Hayes  to  superintend  the  digging  of 
this  public  improvement. 

April  10,  1861,  it  appears  that  James  Hayes 
had  left  the  county  and  the  commissioners  ap- 
pointed in  his  place  Robert  Bruce  to  ser^-e  as 
county   commissioner   until   the  next   general 
election.     The  board,  also,  purchased  of  C.  R. 
Allen,  for  $500,  a  house  and  lot  to  serve  as  a 
court  house.    The  following  day  T.  J.  Demerce 
was  appointed  assessor  for  Spokane  county,  in 
place  of  John  Gunn  who,  it  appears,  had  been 
elected  but  failed  to  qualify,     I,  W.   Seaman 
tendered  his  resignation  as  commissioner,  and 
the  same  was  accepted.    At  the  meeting  of  Maj'' 
6,  W.  D.  Bigelow  was  appointed  commissioner 
j  to  succeed  Mr.  Seamon.    For  county  purposes 
!  a  tax  of  four  mills  on  the  dollar  was  levied.  The 
,  board  then  proceeded  to  divide  the  county  into 
election  precincts,  as  follows  :  Precinct  No.  i — 
Pinkney    City,    including   all   that   portion   of 
Spokane  county  east  of  a  line  running  due 
I  north  and  south  from  the  west  side  of  F.  Mar- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


75 


cus'  claim,  "and  that  the  place  of  voting  shall 
be  Pinkney  City,  at  the  court  house."  Precinct 
No.  2 — Kettle  Falls  precinct:  All  that  portion 
of  Spokane  county  west  of  the  west  boundary 
of  Precinct  No.  i.  The  judges  of  the  next 
election  shall  be,  for  Precinct  No.  i,  as  follows  : 
T.  J.  Demerce,  Thos.  Stranger  and  Thomas 
Ferrill.  For  Precinct  No.  2,  Wheelock,  Don- 
ald McLoud  and  J.  W.  Crow.  The  board  di- 
vided the  county  into  road  districts  as  follows : 
Road  district  No.  i — All  that  portion  of  Spo- 
kane county  lying  north  of  a  line  running  east 
and  west  through  the  government  brick-yard. 
Road  district  No.  2 — All  that  portion  01 
Spokane  county  lying  south  of  said  division 
line.  John  Duplissis  was  appointed  super- 
visor of  road  district  No.  i,  and  Charles  Mont- 
gomery of  No.  2. 

July  8,  1 86 1,  a  general  election  was  held, 
but  the  result  was  not  made  a  matter  of  official 
record.  July  18,  1861,  two  of  the  new  board 
of  county  commissioners  met,  L.  Richardson 
and  Thomas  Stranger,  and  adjourned  to  meet 
July  20,  at  which  time  we  find  the  two  commis- 
sioners mentioned  in  session  with  J.  R.  Bates, 
as  clerk.  Richardson  drew  the  one  year,  and 
Stranger  the  two  year,  term. 

At  the  meeting  of  November  21,  1861,  R. 
H.  Rogers  presented  a  bill  for  $128.92  for  fees 
as  deputy  treasurer,  which  was  accepted  and 
ordered  paid.  The  books  of  R.  H.  Rogers  were 
examined  and  found  correct.  Then  the  board 
declared  the  office  of  county  treasurer  vacant, 
owing  to  a  defalcation  of  $565.50,  county 
money,  and  requested  R.  H.  Rogers  to  serve  as 
county  treasurer,  which  he  did.  No  other 
meeting  of  the  commissioners  appears  to  have 
been  held  until  May  5,  1862,  when  voting  pre- 
cinct No.  3  was  established,  comprising  all  that 
portion  of  precinct  No.  i  lying  south  of  a  line 

running  east  and  west,  one  mile  south  of 

Hubbard's  house,  to  be  known  as  the  Spokane 
precinct;  the  election  to  be  held  at  some  con- 
venient place  at  the  mouth  of  the  Spokane  river. 
Julv  24  we  find  John  U.  Hofstetter  and  Robert 


Bruce  taking  the  oath  of  office  as  county  com- 
missioners, Bruce  being  selected  as  chairman. 
The  following  day  the  late  treasurer,  R.  H. 
Douglas,  appeared  before  the  board  for  final 
settlement.  He  presented  order  No.  2,  which 
had  appeared  on  the  treasurer's  books  as  hav- 
ing been  returned  while  the  treasurer's  books 
were  in  the  hands  of  R.  H.  Rogers,  deputy 
treasurer,  and  paid  twice,  through  a  mistake. 
Douglas  was  credited  with  the  amount  of  the 
order,  $21.50,  and  he  then  presented  an  order 
approved  by  the  district  judge  for  services  as 
grand  juror,  for  $59.60,  with  which  additional 
amount  he  was  credited.  In  the  final  settlement 
with  Douglas  there  was  found  to  be  a  balance 
of  $394.12  due  from  him  to  the  county,  for 
which  sum  the  commissioners  made  a  formal 
demand,  through  the  new  treasurer,  as  follows : 

R.  H.  Douglas, 

Sir: — In  behalf  of  the  county  I  demand  of  you  the 
sum  of  $394.12,  the  balance  due  from  you  to  county  as 
per  treasurer's  and  auditor's  books.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  County  Commissioners. 

J.  R.  BATES,  Treasurer. 
Pinkney   City,  W.  T.,  July  2S,  1862. 

The  treasurer  was  instructed  by  the  board 
that  no  interest  should  be  charged  Mr.  Douglas 
should  he  make  settlement  with  the  county, 
which  he  did,  August  2,  1862. 

In  the  year  i860  the  first  election  was  held 
in  the  original  Spokane,  afterward  Stevens, 
count)-.  County  officers  were  chosen,  but  for 
some  reason  a  representative  to  the  Territorial 
legislature  was  not  selected.  Concerning  a 
tragical  event  connected  with  this  matter  Mr. 
F.  Wolff  says : 

"Desiring  to  have  a  representative  some  of 
the  settlers  got  together  and  named  Mr.  H.  W. 
Watson,  (who  was  commonly  called  Judge 
Watson)  for  our  representative.  We  made  up 
a  purse  to  pay  his  expenses,  and  late  in  the  fall 
of  i860  Mr.  Watson,  who  was  a  carpenter  in 
the  government's  employ,  started  out  on  a 
cayuse  for  Olympia.  The  irregularity  of  his 
selection  as  representative  restrained  him  from 


76 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


serving  in  this  capacity,  but  he  was  given  a  po- 
sition as  door-keeper  in  the  lower  house,  which 
position  he  retained  during  the  session.  In 
the  spring  of  1861  Judge  Watson  started  on  his 
return  trip  to  Pinkney  City.  Weeks  passed, 
but  the  judge  failed  to  put  in  an  appearance. 
At  that  period  I  was  sheriff  of  the  county,  and 
becoming  alarmed  at  the  non-appearance  of 
Judge  Watson  I  wrote  to  parties  at  Walla 
Walla  in  regard  to  his  whereabouts.  I  received 
word  that  he  had  left  Walla  Walla  several 
weeks  before  on  his  return  home. 

"I  then  suspected  foul  play.  Accompanied 
by  my  deputy.  George  \Vaet,  and  my  inter- 
preter, Thomas  Stranger,  I  set  out  on  the  trail 
to  the  south  country.  As  I  went  along  the 
trail  I  made  inquiries,  and  from  some  French 
settlers  I  learned  that  Indians  in  the  neighbor- 
hood had  a  horse  which  they  believed  to  be 
Watson's.  At  a  place  where  Chewelah  is  now 
situated  I  found  Watson's  horse  and  saddle  in 
possession  of  the  Indians  as  the  Frenchmen  had 
told  me.  These  natives  said  that  they  had  won 
the  horse  and  saddle  from  a  Spokane  Indian  by 
gambling,  and  gave  me  a  description  of  him. 
We  then  proceeded  to  the  camp  of  the 
Spokanes,  a  short  distance  this  side  of  Spokane 
Falls,  but  were  unable  to  find  the  Indian  for 
whom  we  were  looking.  We  saw  ihe  chief, 
however,  and  laid  the  matter  before  him.  From 
our  description  of  the  suspected  man  the  chief 
recognized  one  of  his  subjects  whom  he  had, 
before,  suspected  of  crime.  He  said  the  man  in 
question  was  keeping  company  with  a  young 
girl  of  the  tribe,  and  had  made  her  a  present  of 
a  piece  of  chain,  and  that  he  had  refused  to 
state  where  he  had  secured  it.  I  interviewed 
the  girl  and  saw  the  piece  of  chain,  which  I  at 
once  recognized  as  having  been  Watson's.  I 
again  laid  the  matter  before  the  chief,  and  he 
called  the  suspected  man  up  before  us.  At  first 
the  Indian  denied  knowledge  of  everything,  but 
finally  owned  up  that  he  had  murdered  Watson 
for  his  watch  and  chain  .and  pony.  He  said 
that  he  had  thrown  the  rest  of  the  chain  and 


the  watch  into  the  brush  along  the  Spokane 
river,  and  after  a  short  search  we  found  them. 

"This  was  in  May,  1861.  Accompanied  by 
one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribe  and  a  number  of 
braves,  we  started  on  the  return  trip  to  Pink- 
ney City  with  the  self-confessed  murderer.  At 
a  point  between  what  is  now  Springdale  and 
Walker's  Prairie,  the  culprit  pointed  out  the 
spot  where  the  murder  had  been  committed. 
We  had  no  trouble  in  finding  the  body  of  Judge 
Watson,  which  was  in  a  bad  state  of  decomposi- 
tion. We  dug  a  grave,  buried  our  friend  and 
marked  the  spot  with  a  slab.  Then  we  left 
the  Indians  and  pushed  on  with  our  prisoner. 
I  well  remember  our  arrival  home.  It  was 
about  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  we  im- 
mediately gave  the  prisoner  a  preliminary  hear- 
ing before  Judge  Hall,  who  was  then  justice  of 
the  peace.  The  whole  settlement  was  present 
at  the  trial.  The  Indian  admitted  the  crime, 
and  was  bound  over  to  the  higher  court,  which 
in  those  days  convened  only  once  a  year.  As- 
sisted by  the  deputies  I  was  about  to  take  the 
prisoner  to  jail,  when  we  were  seized  by  the 
crowd  who  had  gathered  to  witness  the  trial. 
While  a  few  of  them  held  us  the  remainder 
took  our  prisoner  and  hanged  him  at  Hof- 
stetter's  gate,  opposite  the  court  house,  in  what 
was  then  Pinkney  City,  near  old  Fort  Colville. 

"Watson  was  between  fifty  and  fifty-five 
years  old,  and  came  here  from  Massachusetts. 
Although  we  made  inquiry  we  were  unable  to 
learn  anything  of  his  past  history,  nor  were 
there  any  papers  in  his  possession  which  gave 
any  information  of  relatives." 

While  Colville,  or  more  properly  Fort  Col- 
ville. was  recognized  as  the  capital  of  Spokane 
county,  under  the  old  regime,  Pinkney  City  was 
the  county  seat  de  facto.  All  proceedings  of 
the  county  commissioners  were  dated  at  Pink- 
ne}''  City.  The  Territorial  act  of  January  17. 
i860,  located  the  county  seat  "temporarily  on 
the  land  claim  of  Dr.  Bates."  Subsequent  acts 
of  the  Territorial  assembly  made  mention  of 
"Colville"  as  the  countv  seat,  and  thus  it  be- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


17 


came  recognized  throughout  the  judicial  dis- 
trict. But  there  was  no  "Colville"  in  existence. 
In  view  of  this  fact  Mr.  John  U.  Hofstetter 
and  others,  in  1880,  platted  a  townsite  three 
miles  southwest  of  Pinkney  City,  named  it  Col- 
ville, and  thus  it  became  the  county  seat,  ac- 
cording to  the  recognition  of  certain  Territorial 
acts,  abolishing  Spokane,  and  organizing  Stev- 
ens county.  The  county  records  were  brought 
to  Colville  from  Pinkney  City,  and  since  that 
time  the  former  place  has  remained  the  capital. 

The  first  term  of  the  district,  later  called  the 
superior  court,  was  held  in  Pinkney  City  in 
June,  1862.  .Hon.  J.  J.  McGilvra,  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Seattle,  was  at  that  period  United 
States  district  attorney,  and  in  company  with 
Judge  Oliphant,  Salucius  Garfielde,  Shell 
Fargo  and  Charles  Allen,  he  left  the  Walla 
Walla  military  post  and  started  for  Pinkney 
City  to  hold  court.  The  equipage  of  the  party 
comprised  a  pair  of  ponies,  a  wagon  and  two 
riding  mules.  The  only  residents,  aside  from 
nomadic  Indians,  along  the  two  hundred  and 
ten  miles  were  one  ferryman  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Snake  river,  and  another  at  the  Spokane 
crossing,  eighteen  miles  below  the  present  east- 
ern metropolis  of  Washington,  Spokane. 

Two  small  fly  tents  which  the  judicial  party 
carried  along  with  them,  and  traveling  commis- 
sary stores,  furnished  forth  hotel  accommoda- 
tions along  the  entire  route.  To  a  limited  ex- 
tent Garfielde  understood  the  mysteries  of  the 
cuisine,  and  he  was  chosen  cook,  supplied  only 
with  the  meagre  culinary  utensils  of  a  frying 
pan  and  coffee  pot.  Garfielde  broiled  bacon  on 
sharpened  sticks  before  the  fire  and  baked  bread 
in  the  frying  pan.  Buffalo  chips  were  em- 
ployed for  fuel,  and  the  coffee  was  settled  with 
cold  water.  It  is  the  published  testimony  of 
Mr.  McGilvra  that  the  "bread,  bacon  and  coffee 
on  that  trip  had  a  relish  that  has  seldom  been 
the  good  fortune  of  the  writer  to  enjoy."  At 
that  period  the  regular  garrison  of  Fort  Col- 
ville, mentioned  elsewhere,  was  en  route  for 
the  seat  of  war  in  the  south,  its  place  having 


l;een  supplied  by  two  companies  of  volunteers 
recruited  from  the  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington  penitentiaries.  The  party  met 
these  troops  at  Medical  Lake.  Mr.  McGilvra 
says  that  the  officers  had  with  them  some  good 
commissary  whiskey,  and  the  judicial  party 
were  invited  to  partake  of  the  same,  which  they 
did,  "unanimously."  The  teamster  of  the  out- 
fit. Shell  Fargo,  managed  to  imbibe  rather 
more  than  his  just  proportion  of  the  whiskey, 
and  soon  after  parting  with  the  soldiers  he  up- 
set the  wagon,  depositing  two  of  his  passengers. 
Judge  Oliphant  and  Salucius  Garefielde  on  the 
ground.  It  is  stoutly  maintained  by  Fargo  that 
Garfielde,  who  was  smoking  at  the  time,  never 
lost  his  hold  of  the  pipe,  nor  missed  a  puff  dur- 
ing the  whole  catastrophe.  The  case  was  other- 
wise with  Judge  Oliphant;  although  not  seri- 
ously injured  he  was  badly  shaken  up  and  his 
nerves  considerably  unstrung. 

The  military  post  at  Fort  Colville  furnished 
quarters  for  the  "court."  The  pro  tern  clerk  of 
court,  appointed  by  Judge  Oliphant.  was  Park 
Winnans,  and  on  the  spur  of  the  moment  the 
sheriff  of  Spokane  county  summoned  grand 
and  petit  juries.  The  impromptu  "term"  com- 
menced. The  fact  that  any  court  at  all  was  to 
be  held  had  not  been  extensively  advertised, 
and  in  consequence  of  this  oversight  there  was 
not  a  case  on  the  docket,  in  short,  there  was  no 
calendar  in  which  to  enter  a  case.  So  the 
community  good-naturedly  began  to  manufac- 
ture cases.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  in  legal 
practice  that  a  community  of  lawyers  will  al- 
ways brew  business ;  that  it  takes  two  lawyers 
to  impart  an  impetus  to  litigation  in  any  place ; 
that  where  there  an  abundance  of  legal  advice 
there  will,  invariably,  be  found  clients  to  pay 
for  the  same.  Thus  it  was  at  Pinkney  City. 
It  appeared  to  be  the  disposition  of  the  people 
to  make  the  best  showing  possible — as  litiga- 
tion was  a  rarity,  in  short,  a  luxury — and  so 
encourage  other  visitations  of  the  "court." 
The  grand  jury  immediately  "got  busy"  and 
proceeded   to   indict   everyone  suspected   of  a 


78 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


crime  and,  it  might  be  said,  almost 
every  one  capable  of  committing  a  crime 
against  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the 
Territory  of  Washington.  So  anxious  were 
the  people  to  keep  the  wheels  of  justice  moving 
that  they  came  freely  into  court,  waived  pro- 
cess of  service,  made  up  their  issues  on  the 
spot,  and  jumped  head  foremost  into  trial. 
The  grist  of  this  judicial  mill  was  the  settling 
of  a  number  of  civil  cases,  several  convictions 
under  the  criminal  law,  three  divorces,  and  the 
accumulation  by  McGilvra  and  Gariielde  of 
$750  apiece.  Shell  Fargo  carried  off  his  re- 
ward in  the  shape  of  an  appointment  as  United 
States  marshal. 

During  this  initial  term  of  court  the  party 
v^isited  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  "Fort" 
Colville,  fifteen  miles  north,  then  in  charge  of 
Angus  McDonald.  At  this  period  the  principal 
fisheries  of  the  Columbia  river  were  at  this 
point,  and  here  the  Indians  came  to  lay  in  their 
season's  supply  of  salmon.  At  the  time  of  the 
visit  of  this  party  several  acres  of  ground  were 
occupied  in  drying  out  the  fish. 

The  reader  must  not  jump  to  the  hasty  con- 
clusion that  this  primitive  method  of  conducting 
law  courts  was  stii  genesis  in  the  various  states 
of  the  union.  Far  from  it.  There  was  good 
faith  shown  in  every  legal  procedure  in  Spo- 
kane county,  and  force  of  circumstances  alone 
prevented  a  more  elaborate  and  technical  pro- 
cess of  executing  the  law  of  the  land.  Over 
in  Montana,  at  the  same  period,  law  had  been 
abandoned,  or  rather  never  inaugurated.  The 
vigilance  committee  reigned  supreme,  and  no 
less  than  fifty-five  desperadoes,  outlaws  and 
"road  agents"  were  lynched  under  the  rude 
semblance  of  law  instituted  by  the  Vigilantes. 
So  far  as  jurisprudence  was  concerned  the  set- 
tlers of  Spokane  county  kept  themselves  within 
the  Territorial  statutes  to  the  fullest  extent 
compatible  with  the  spirit  of  the  times,  the 
long  intervals  between  terms  of  court  and  the 
vast  distances  between  the  municipal  and  coun- 
ty jurisdictions.     The  majesty  of  the  white 


man's  law,  as  will  be  seen  from  Sheriff  Wolff's 
account  of  his  capture  of  the  murderer  of  Judge 
Watson,  appears  to  have  been  recognized  by 
the  Indians,  more  especially  by  the  Spokanes. 
Accompanied  by  one  deputy  and  an  inter- 
preter, Wolff  went  down  into  the  midst  of  that 
tribe,  and  brought  the  prisoner  to  punishment, 
if  not  to  strict  legal  justice.  The  Indian  mur- 
derer had  confessed;  the  next  term  of  court 
was  a  long  ways  off;  expense  to  the  county 
could  be  saved  by  summary  proceedings,  and 
the  Indian  was  lynched.  But  consider  the 
thousands  of  whites  and  negroes  who  have 
suffered  from  this  kind  of  lawlessness  since  that 
time  in  various  portions  of  the  United  States, 
surrounded  by  all  the  adjuncts  necessary  for 
swift  retribution  at  the  hands  of  legally  con- 
stituted authorities!  We  make  no  plea  in  be- 
half of  lynch  law,  but  the  surrounding  circum- 
stances should  be  given  due  weight  by  the  can- 
did and  impartial  reader.  The  fact  that  this 
Indian  murderer  was  so  readily  given  up  to 
Sheriff  Wolff  by  the  chief  and  other  members 
of  the  tribe  of  Spokanes,  naturally  awakens 
comment.  For  this  credit  must  be  given  to  the 
methods  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  It 
had  inculcated  in  the  simple  minds  of  these  sav- 
age Indian  tribes  a  wholesome  respect  for  the 
white  man's  law.     Dr.  McLaughlin  says ; 

"A  strict  discipline  was  imposed  upon  the 
officers  and  servants  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany. The  officer  in  charge  of  a  post  or  party 
was  alone  authorized  to  deal  with  the  natives. 
Interference  with  their  women  f  the  so  frequent 
cause  of  trouble  between  the  Indians  and  the 
whites)  was  stictly  forbidden  and  rigorously 
punished.  Spirituous  liquor,  that  curse  alike 
to  civilized  and  savage,  was  never  taken  into 
the  Indian  country,  save  the  one  gallon  of  brandy 
and  two  gallons  of  wine  annually  furnished 
each  post  for  medicinal  purposes.  By  a  judi- 
cious system  of  penalties  and  rewards  the  In- 
dians were  taught  to  speak  the  truth  and  re- 
spect their  promises.  Theft  or  murder  was 
never  suffered  to  go  unpunished.     Tribes  as 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


79 


well  as  individuals  were  stimulated  to  industry 
and  good  behavior  by  suitable  presents  and 
distinctions.  If  a  theft  or  murder  was  com- 
mitted the  tribe  to  which  the  offender  belonged 
was  held  responsible  and  required  to  deliver 
him  up  for  punishment.  If  the  tribe  hesitated 
or  delayed,  trade  was  withdrawn  until  the 
thief  w-as  surrendered.  If  the  tribe  refused  to 
give  up  a  murderer,  war  at  whatever  cost  was 
waged  until  full  satisfaction  was  obtained." 

The  question  of  roads  was  one  of  the  most 
important  which  came  before  the  board  of 
county  commissioners  of  Spokane  county  in 
these  early  days.  Reference  to  local  laws  of 
1861-2  shows  that  J-  R-  Bates,  who  was  a 
member  of  the  Territorial  assembly,  was  au- 
thorized to  construct  a  bridge  across  the  Spo- 
kane river,  at  the  crossing  of  the  road  from 
Walla  Walla  to  Colville.  The  following  were 
also  appointed  as  ferry-keepers  :  D.  W.  Litchen- 
thaler  and  John  C.  Smith,  across  Snake,  op- 
posite Powder  river ;  to  Green  White  and  C.  R. 
Driggs,  across  Snake,  at  the  mouth  of  Grand 
Ronde  river;  to  John  Messenger  and  Walter 
H.  Manley,  across  Salmon  river  on  the  Nez 
Perce  trail  to  Fort  Boise.  Rates  were  generally 
fifty  cents  for  individual  foot  passengers,  loose 
cattle  fifty  cents  a  head;  two-horse  wagons 
$2.50;  four-horse  wagons  $3.50;  six-horse 
wagons  $4.50;  horse  and  buggy  $2.25;  pack 
animals  seventy-five  cents.  To  the  writer  ex- 
Sheriff  Francis  Wolff  said : 

"In  the  spring  of  1853  a  party  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  men  under  the  command  of 
Lieutenant  Saxon  started  out  from  The  Dalles, 
and  of  this  party  I  was  a  member.  We  were  to 
join  forces  with  Governor  Stevens,  who  was 
then  in  Montana  with  his  surveying  party.  In 
the  fall  of  that  year  we  met  Governor  Stevens' 
party  at  Benton,  Montana.  Then  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1853  the  whole  party  crossed  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  went  into  camp  at  Missoula. 
The  first  wagon  was  brought  over  in  the  winter 
of  1854  by  Captain  John  Mullan. 

"At    Missoula    a    consultation    was    held. 


[  Governor  Stevens  was  anxious  to  get  to  the 
capital  of  the  new  Territory  to  enter  upon  his 
duties  as  governor,  but  he  did  not  want  to  give 
up  his  surveying  project.  Provisions  were 
running  low,  and  to  leave  a  great  number  of 
his  force  behind  was  out  of  the  question. 
Stevens  called  for  volunteers  to  remain  be- 
hind and  proceed  with  the  survey  to  Puget 
Sound,  while  the  main  body  proceeded  directly 
to  Olympia.  Captain  John  Mullan,  to  whom, 
the  greatest  credit  is  due  for  the  surveying  of 
the  route,  was  given  command  of  these  volun- 
teers. Those  who  responded  and  formed  the 
company  were  Captain  John  Mullan,  James 
Doty,  Tom  Adams,  Fred  Burr,  C.  Williams, 
John  Farnsworth,  William  Simpson,  Richard 
Osgood,  Henry  Pearson,  George  Simpson, 
Tom  Osgood,  F.  M.  Ruby,  Corporal  Richard 
Rose,  W.  Gates,  Albert  Sohon,  I.  Thuhill,  E. 
Williamson,  Francis  Wolff.  For  fourteen 
months  this  party  conducted  the  surveying  op- 
erations and  suffered  untold  hardships,  finally 
arriving  at  Fort  Owens  in  the  Bitter  Root 
valley  and  going  into  camp  at  Camp  Stevens, 
one  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Fort  Owens." 
To  Mr.  Wolff  undoubtedly  belongs  the  dis- 
tinction of  having  brought  the  first  wagons  to 
the  Colville  country.  In  1856  he  came  from 
The  Dalles,  Oregon,  bringing  with  him  three 
wagons  and  a  number  of  horses.  In  those 
days  there  were  no  roads — only  a  trail — and 
considerable  difficulty  was  experienced  by  Mr. 
Wolff  in  getting  the  wagons  here  safely.  At 
the  Snake  and  Spokane  rivers  the  crossing  was 
made  by  lashing  two  Indian  canoes  together 
and  placing  a  wagon  on  them.  The  horses,  of 
course,  swam  across  the  streams.  In  1877  Mr. 
Wolff  made  a  trip  to  Walla  Walla.  In  passing 
through  the  country  south  of  here,  he  says,  he 
found  it  in  a  very  unsettled  condition,  and 
while  on  this  trip  he  witnessed  a  stampede  to 
Walla  Walla  from  what  are  now  the  counties 
of  Lincoln  and  Douglas,  on  account  of  an  In- 
dian scare.  He  says  the  fears  of  the  stampeders 
were  unfounded,  and  the  excitement  due  to  the 


8o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


fact  that  most  of  the  settlers  were  new  arrivals 
from  the  east  and  totally  unacquainted  with 
conditions.  A  few  cattle  had  been  killed  by 
the  Indians  in  the  "coulee  country, '  but  so  far 
as  he  could  learn  these  were  the  only  depreda- 
tions committed.  Many  sections  of  the  Big 
Bend  country  were  depopulated  by  this  mad 
stampede  to  Walla  Walla. 

At  the  time  of  the  present  writing  there 
have  been  three  legal  executions  in  Stevens 
county.  In  1872  an  Indian  named  Standist 
Law  was  hanged  in  Pinkney  City  for  the  mur- 
der of  a  miner,  across  the  Columbia  river.  His 
apprehension  was  brought  about  through  in- 
formation furnished  by  some  of  his  putative 
friends.  In  1879  ^"  Indian  named  Andrew 
was  executed  for  the  murder  of  George 
Reemer,  a  farmer.  living  at  Garrison  Flat,  only 
sixty  or  seventy  yards  from  the  military  post. 
In  1 88 1  one  Michael,  an  Indian,  murdered  a 
man  named  Shaffer,  who  conducted  a  grocery 
store  in  Pinkney  City,  the  same  place  where 
Reemer  was  killed.  For  this  crime  he  paid  the 
penalty  on  the  gallows. 

The  subject  of  roads  has  always  been  an 
important  one  with  the  commissioners  of  Stev- 
ens county,  and  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  within 
the  present  boundaries  of  the  county  there  are 
as  good  roads  as  can  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
state.  At  the  meeting  of  the  board  July  10, 
1865,  the  report  of  C.  H.  Montgomery,  road 
supervisor,  was  read  and  ordered  filed.  The 
report  contained  many  wholesome  recommen- 
dations, and  the  following  action  was  taken 
by  the  commissioners  on  the  dififerent  roads  of 
the  county : 

"That  the  road  from  Pinkney  City  to  the 
Spokane  vWer  stand  as  recorded  in  the  road 
book,  June  2.  1864,  and  the  old  military  road 
to  be  kept  in  passable  repair  until  the  super- 
visor shall  locate  the  route  from  Francis 
Uback's  but  from  that  point  to  Walker's  prairie, 
shall  be  located  and  opened  by  him,  so  soon  as 
he  can  do  so,  Joseph  P.  Null.  J.  J.  Murphy,  C. 
H.  ]\Iontgomery,  to  go  with  him  and  view  the 


portion  of  the  road  from  Francis  Uback's  to 
the  old  government  pack  bridge,  on  both  sides 
of  the  valley ;  the  viewers  to  report  to  the  audi- 
tor and  their  decision  to  be  final,  and  on  being 
recorded  by  the  auditor  shall  be  the  county 
road." 

Action  was  deferred  on  the  Little  Dalles 
wagon  road,  but  the  commissioners  decided 
that  should  it  become  necessary  they  would  call 
an  extra  session  to  pass  upon  it.  It  was  de- 
cided at  this  meeting  that  the  trail  to  the  Pend 
d'Oreille  river  should  be  cut,  and  that  the  road 
supervisor  should  be  authorized  to  advertise  for 
proposals  for  cutting  the  same,  the  contract  to 
be  let  to  the  lowest  bidder,  with  a  proviso  that 
no  bid  shall  exceed  $500  for  the  entire  distance. 
The  same  course  was  ordered  to  be  pursued 
with  the  Pack  Creek  as  with  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
trail.  On  November  28,  1865,  C.  H.  Mont- 
gomery was  ordered  to  make  a  new  road  lead- 
ing from  the  "Bruce  place"  to  the  Little  Dalles, 
and  he  was  authorized  to  enter  into  contract  for 
the  construction  of  the  same  at  any  sum  not 
exceeding  $2,000.  At  the  same  session  a  peti- 
tion was  drawn  addressed  to  the  representative 
from  Stevens  county  asking  him  to  oppose  all 
appropriations  for  toll  roads  in  the  county,  as 
the  people  were  fully  able  to  make  all  necessary 
roads  in  this  section. 

April  16,  1866,  the  commissioners  organ- 
ized the  following  road  districts  : 

No.  I — From  old  Fort  Colville  to  Marcus 
Openheimer's  up  'the  valley  on  both  sides  of 
the  river ;  G.  B.  Wannacott.  Supervisor. 

No.  2 — From  Marcus  Openheimer's  to  Jo- 
seph Roberts'  house,  at  Stranger's  bridge,  on 
both  sides  of  the  river:  John  Genick.  super- 
visor. 

No.  3 — From  Joseph  Roberts'  to  Spokane 
river,  on  both  sides  of  the  river :  Magnus  Flett. 
supervisor. 

No.  4 — From     Pinkney     City    to     Little 
Dalles;  Robert  Bruce,  supervisor.     Three  new 
election  precincts  were  also  created,  at  Pinkney 
City,  Little  Dalles  and  Old  Fort  Colville.     On 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


8i 


June  28,  1866,  the  board  enacted  that  road 
district  No.  3  should  extend  from  the  house  of 
Joseph  Roberts  (including  his  house)  to  Snake 
river,  and  across  the  White  Bluffs,  and  the 
super\asor  was  empowered  to  appoint  some 
suitable  person  in  any  part  of  the  district  to 
oversee  the  labor  thereon.  August  13,  1866,  a 
road  was  ordered  built  from  Solomon  Pelter's 
house  through  White  Mud  valley  to  "H.  La- 
fleur's  grocery  stand." 

Concerning  the  finances  of  Stevens  county 
in  these  early  days  the  following  will  prove  of 
interest :  At  the  meeting  of  the  commissioners 
of  June  16,  1863,  J.  R.  Bates,  treasurer,  came 
before  the  board  for  the  purpose  of  settlement. 
He  presented  a  statement  of  his  various  ac- 
counts for  1862.  showing  that  he  had  received 
$2,587.58,  and  that  he  had  expended:  County 
orders  redeemed,  $1,881.98;  interest  fees  to  R. 
H.  Douglas,  $8.12;  school  fund  of  1861,  cash 
in  hands  of  treasurer,  $277.02 ;  school  fund  of 
1862,  cash  in  hands  of  treasurer,  $122.26; 
Territorial  tax  of  1861,  $116.01;  Territorial 
tax  of  1862,  $56.22;  war  tax  of  1862,  $50; 
cash  on  hand  $0.79;  county  order,  fees 
for  recording  and  disbursing  $85.18;  total 
$2,587.58. 

May  4,  1863,  the  commissioners  ordered 
that  the  value  of  grain  in  Stevens  county  should 
be  assessed  as  follows:  Wheat,  $1.50  per 
bushel;  oats,  barley  and  potatoes,  $1  :  flour,  $8 
per  hundred  pounds.  The  taxes  levied  for 
county  purposes  were  four  mills  on  the  dollar. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  commissioners  of 
November  20,  1863,  the  auditor  was  instructed 
to  write  Dr.  Toby,  representing  the  county  in 
the  Territorial  assembly,  to  secure  the  immedi- 
ate passage  of  a  bill  taxing  Chinamen,  the  tax 
to  be  $1.50  per  month,  or  $4.50  per  quarter, 
the  tax  to  be  collected  by  the  sheriff,  that  officer 
to  be  allowed  20  per  cent  of  such  collections, 
and  the  treasurer  and  auditor  their  usual  fees, 
as  in  the  case  of  other  public  moneys.  A  reso- 
lution was  also  passed  to  the  effect  "that  Stev- 


ens county  be  annexed  to  this,  the  citizens  hav- 
ing failed  to  organize."  In  the  commissioners' 
proceedings  of  January  23,  1864,  the  county  is 
referred  to  as  Spokane.  At  the  succeeding 
meeting,  May  2,  1864,  it  is  called  Stevens 
county. 

January  23,  1864,  the  jail  specifications 
were  taken  up  and  examined,  following  which 
the  new  jail  was  inspected  and  found  to  have 
been  erected  according  to  contract,  upon  which 
it  was  formally  accepted.  At  this  meeting  the 
jail  building  was  discussed  at  length,  the  com- 
missioners finally  ordering  the  county  auditor 
to  settle  with  the  contractor,  George  M.  Daven- 
dorf,  and  to  pay  him  the  balance  of  the  con- 
tract price,  $700,  in  county  orders,  the  same  to 
draw  interest  from  date.  The  auditor  was, 
also,  instructed  to  return  to  Mr.  Davendorf  the 
money  deposited  by  him  as  security  for  per- 
formance of  the  jail  contract.  At  the  meeting 
of  March  i,  1864,  the  office  of  sheriff,  L.  T. 
Marshall,  incumbent,  was  declared  vacant,  as 
Mr.  Marshall  had  been  absent  from  the  Terri- 
tory for  over  nine  months,  and  was  delinquent 
in  the  amount  of  $95.  Suit  was  ordered  to  be 
commenced  against  his  bondsmen,  and  H.  P. 
Steward  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  in 
the  office  of  sheriff,  until  the  next  general 
election.  On  May  4,  of  the  same  year,  the 
commissioners  instructed  the  county  treasurer 
to  pay  county  orders  in  nothing  but  green- 
backs. February  12,  1865,  F.  W.  Perkins  was 
appointed  county  auditor  in  place  of  Park 
Winans,  the  latter  having  forfeited  his  right 
to  appoint  a  deputy  by  an  absence  from  the 
county  of  over  six  months.  Therefore  the 
office  was  declared  vacant  and  filled  by  the 
selection  of  Mr.  Perkins,  May  8,  the  same  year, 
the  board  passed  a  resolution  to  the  effect 
that  the  auditorship  had  been  forfeited  by  Mr. 
Winans,  not  through  loss  of  residence,  but 
owing  to  his  continued  absence. 

following  is  the  financial  statement  of  the 
county  of  Stevens,  February  12,  1865  : 


82 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Total    amount    of    money    received   since    November    2, 

1863,  to  November  24,    1864 $  9,8/4  02 

Amount  disbursed: 

Delinquent   tax   list    1864 $  1,402  cw 

County  orders  redeemed 3,781  99 

Territorial  orders  by  Judge  Oliphant 38000 

County   court    161  00 

School  superintendent's  salary 25  00 

Sent  to  Olympia 138  00 

Delinquent  tax  list,  1863,  not  received 

Borrowed  by  county   from   school  fund,  paid 

Davendorf    600  00 

Treasurer's   fees    248  42 

Sheriff's  per  cent,   Chinese 3  77 

Police  tax   765  00 

Interest  on  County  orders 7  37 

Amount  in  treasurer's  hands : 

Territorial    94626 

Amount   county   orders    redeemed    since    No- 
vember      956  88 

School  funds  on   hand 21320 

Roads  and  poll  tax ! 149  00 

$  9,877  89 

From  the  assessment  rolls  of  May,  1865, 
we  find  that  the  price  of  grain  was  fixed  as 
follows:  Wheat,  $1.75;  oats,  75  cents;  barley, 
$1.25;  potatoes,  $1.50.  Yet  about  one  year 
later,  in  June,  1866,  wheat  was  taxed  at  $3  a 
bushel,  oats  $1.50,  and  potatoes  $1.50.  In 
1865  the  tax  apportionment  was  eight  mills  on 
the  dollar;  Territorial  tax  four  mills;  school 
two  mills;  road  ten  mills;  road  poll  tax  $5,  and 
$3  a  day  allowed  for  road  labor.  In  1866  the 
Territorial  assessment  was  three  mills;  school 
three  mills  and  county  eight  mills.  The  road 
property  tax  was  twenty  cents  on  $100;  poll 
tax  two  day's  work  for  $4  each  man. 

February  5,  1867,  agitation  began  for  the 
purchase  of  a  court  house,  a  price  of  $500  bejng 
fixed  for  the  same,  and  Sherifif  George  Young 
was  appointed  to  negotiate  the  deal.  February 
23  a  deed  was  given  to  C.  H.  Montgomery  and 
approved.  The  purchase  of  the  Douglas  house 
was  suggested,  and  it  was  resolved  to  secure 
this  building  provided  it  could  be  bought  for 
$500  in  coin,  or  $666.66  in  greenbacks.  April 
12  a  deed  for  this  property  was  given 
to  R.  H.  Douglas  and  accepted,  and 
$666.66    paid    in    legal    tender    notes.    April 


12.  1867,  the  commissioners  took  up  the 
question  of  building  another  road  "from  where 
the  Cottonwood  creek  crosses  the  Walla  Walla 
road  to  intersect  with  the  Mullan  road,  at  or 
near.  Antonio  Plant's,  and  it  was  enacted  that 
the  supervisors  of  different  districts  be  re- 
quested to  call  out  such  men  as  have  signed  the 
road  petition  to  work  on  said  road  on  or  before 
the  first  day  of  October,  1867,  and  also  that 
there  shall  be  a  new  bridge  built  on  Fool's 
Prairie,  and  also  such  other  work  as  shall  be 
deemed  necessary  for  a  good  road  between 
Grame's  and  Cottonwood  creek."  On  May  4 
the  commissioners  ordered  that  the  road  from 
Cottonwood  creek  to  Spokane  bridge  be  a 
county  road.  May  4,  1868,  it  was  ordered  that 
the  Territorial  fund  then  in  the  treasun,'  be 
turned  over  into  the  county  fund  from  time  to 
time  until  the  Territorial  warrant  for  $841.64 
be  satisfied.  May  2,  1869,  a  new  voting  pre- 
cinct was  established  at  Vogh's  ferry,  on  the 
Pend  d'Oreille  river.  June  28,  1869,  the  com- 
missioners found  that  the  county  was  in  debt 
by  outstanding  orders  $3,369.84,  from  which, 
deducting  $1,390.32  due  from  the  Territory  to 
the  county,  left  an  indebtedness  of  $1,979.52, 
which,  together  with  the  indebtedness  of  the 
county  to  the  school  fund  of  $1,400,  left  a  total 
liability  of  $3,379.52.  In  the  fall  of  1869  the 
commissioners  appeared  to  have  considerable 
difficulty  in  collecting  licenses  for  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors,  and  there  were  frequent 
appearances  of  notices  like  the  following: 

"Ordered  that  all  persons  selling  liquors  by 
retail  be  notified  to  pay  all  arrears  of  license 
due  and  all  persons  selling  without  license  to 
take  out  license." 

November  i,  1869.  on  petition  of  George 
Wait  and  others,  it  was  ordered  that  the  county 
road  from  Colville  to  Walla  Walla  be  changed 
so  as  to  run  on  the  west  side  of  Colville  valley. 
May  4,  1870.  a  new  election  precinct  was  estab- 
lished at  Union  Flat,  at  the  house  of  H.  Mur- 
ton.  June  22.  1870.  it  was  found  that  the 
countv    was    indebted   bv   outstandine:  orders 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


83 


$7,234.86.  Deducting  the  amount  of  county 
funds  on  hand  as  shown  by  the  auditor's  books, 
$1,430,  remaining  in  the  treasury,  the  actual 
indebtedness  was  $5,804.86. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  held 
May  6,  1872,  in  order  that  all  persons  in  the 
county  entitled  to  the  elective  franchise  might 
be  afforded  an  opportunity  of  exercising  it  at 
the  approaching  election  the  board  proceeded  to 
organize  the  following  election  precincts  and  to 
appoint  ofificers  thereof  for  the  election  of  June 
3.  1872. 

Che-we-lah  Election  Precinct — Boundaries  : 
north  by  a  line  running  east  and  west  three 
miles  south  of  the  Twelve  Mile  House;  east  by 
Little  Spokane;  south  by  main  Spokane;  west 
by  Columbia  river.  Place  of  voting,  school 
liouse. 

Pine  Grove  Election  Precinct — Boundaries  : 
North  by  Hangman's  creek  and  Spokane  river 
to  Monaghan's  bridge;  west  by  Walla  Walla 
and  Colville  road  to  where  said  road  crosses 
Crab  creek ;  south  by  a  line  running  easterly  to 
the  house  of  A.  Himes,  including  Mr.  Himes 
and  Mr.  Wells  in  said  precinct,  thence  north- 
easterly by  Monroes  to  Hangman's  creek  where 
said  creek  crosses  the  line  between  Idaho  and 
Washington.  Place  of  voting,  store  of  Mon- 
tague's. 

Pine  Creek  Precinct — Boundaries  :  South 
by  Whitman  county;  west  by  Colville  and 
Walla  Walla  road ;  north  by  Pine  Grove  pre- 
cinct :  east  by  Idaho.  Voting  place,  the  house 
•of  T.  F.  Favorite. 

Spokane  Bridge  Precinct  —  Boundaries  : 
South  and  west  by  Hangman's  creek,  Spokane 
and  Little  Spokane;  north  by  Pend  d'  Oreille 
river:  east  by  Idaho.  Voting  place,  A.  C.  Ken- 
dal's store. 

Crab  Creek  Precinct — Boundaries  :  North 
by  Spokane  river;  east  by  Colville  and  Walla 
Walla  road ;  South  by  Whitman  county ;  west 
by  Columbia  river.  Place  of  voting,  house  of 
H.  L.  White. 

The  reader  will   remember  that  Whitman 


county  was  established  November  21,  1871,  by 
setting  ofi  a  certain  portion  of  territory  from 
Stevens  count}-.  It  appears  that  this  act  left 
Whitman  county  in  debt  to  Stevens  county, 
and  on  November  25,  1872,  the  commissioners 
of  Stevens  county  proceeded  to  consider  this 
matter  of  indebtedness.  It  was  shown  that  cer- 
tain provisions  of  the  law  organizing  Whitman 
county  in  respect  to  the  issue  of  orders  covering 
its  proportion  of  the  liabilities  of  Stevens 
county  had  not  been  complied  with,  and  the 
auditor  was  directed  to  transmit  the  following 
letter  to  the  auditor  of  Whitman  county : 

Fort  Colville,  Nov.  25,   1872 
Auditor  of  Whitman  County. 

Sir  : — At  a  special  session  of  the  board  of  com- 
missioners held  this  day,  I  am  directed  to  call  the  at- 
tention of  the  commissioners  and  auditor  of  Whitman 
to  the  following  extract  from  the  act  of  the  Territorial 
legislature  organizing  your  county,  approved  November 
29,  1871: 

"The  said  Whitman  county  shall  issue  county  orders 
in  favor  of  Stevens  county  for  that  amount.  And  the 
county  auditor  of  Whitman  county  shall  transmit  to 
the  county  auditor  of  Stevens  county  before  the  first 
day  of  July,  A.  D.,  1872,  the  amount  of  county  orders 
that  shall  fall  due,  Whitman  county  to  issue  in  favor  of 
Stevens   county." 

Pursuant  to  the  above  I  am  instructed  to  demand 
of  the  board  of  commissioners  and  auditor  of  Whitman 
county  an  immediate  compliance  therewith  and  to  ask 
that  the  order,  or  orders  in  question  be  dated  as  pro- 
vided in  the  act  referred  to,  and  also  be  properly  en- 
dorsed so  that  interest  may  accrue  thereon. 

As  a  matter  of  convenience  in  respect  to  the  re- 
demption of  the  issues  in  favor  of  this  county,  I  beg 
to  suggest  that  the  amount  be  covered  by  orders  of  the 
denomination  of  $100.  Please  transmit  by  registered 
letter.  You  have  a  certified  statement  of  the  amount 
of  our  regular  and  supplementary  assessment,  but  take 
the  aggregate  of  your  taxable  property  as  published  in 
the  Olympia  papers.  Please  send  your  supplementary 
roll.     Please  acknowledge  receipt. 

It  appears  that  the  above  letter  did  not  pro- 
duce the  desired  results,  for  we  find  that  on 
May  5,  1873,  the  commissioners  of  Stevens 
county  ordered  the  auditor  to  forward  the  nec- 
essary papers  to  the  prosecuting  attorney  au- 
thorizing him  to  commence  suit  against  Whit- 
man county,  and  to  procure  such  help  as  he  may 
deem  necessar}'  to  secure  judgment  against  the 


84 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


delinquent  county.  During  the  following  year 
it  appears  little  satisfaction  was  secured,  con- 
cerning this  financial  matter,  for  at  a  board 
meeting  ]May  24,  1874,  the  Stevens  county 
commissioners  ordered  the  auditor  to  take  legal 
advice  in  relation  to  the  Whitman  county  order, 
"and  ask  if  we  cannot  get  the  money  and  refuse 
the  order."  However,  it  was  decided  that  the 
the  auditor  deposit  the  Whitman  county  order, 
which,  it  seems,  had  been  paid  in  bulk  sum,  re- 
gardless of  the  request  of  Stevens  county  to  cut 
it  into  amounts  of  $100  each,  with  the  treas- 
urer, subject  to  the  order  of  the  Stevens  county 
commissioners.  September  23,  of  the  same 
year,  it  was  ordered  that  the  "county  auditor 
turn  over  to  Mr.  I.  H.  Wells  the  county  order 
now  deposited  with  the  county  treasurer  and 
known  as  the  Whitman  county  order,  amount- 
ing to  $1,342.56,  taking  a  receipt  for  said  order 
and  the  amount  thereof  from  Mr.  Wells,  and 
that  Mr.  Wells  present  said  order  to  the  county 
treasurer  of  Whitman  county  for  payment  of 
principal  and  interest,  and  in  case  there  are  not 
sufficient  funds  to  pay  said  order,  or  any  part 
thereof,  then  to  split  said  order,  principal  and 
interest,  into  smaller  orders  of  the  denomina- 
tion of  $100  each ;  Mr.  Wells  then  to  deposit  at 
his  earliest  opportunity  the  amount  or  order  re- 
ceived for  said  order  with  the  treasurer  of 
Stevens  county,  taking  a  receipt  for  the  same, 
to  be  subject  to  the  order  of  the  treasurer  of 
Stevens  county." 

January  5,  1875,  Mr.  Wells  presented  the 
order  to  the  treasurer  of  Whitman  county,  but 
it  was  not  paid  for  lack  of  funds.  Neither 
would  the  treasurer  split  it  up  into  smaller 
orders,  although  Mr.  Wells  requested  him  to 
do  so.  Finally  this  celebrated  order  was 
brought  back  and  deposited  once  more  with  the 
treasurer  of  Stevens  county.  January  9,  1875, 
the  Whitman  county  order  was  sold  to  Henry 
Wellington  for  $1,700  (in  Stevens  county  or- 
ders). It  was  dated  May  18,  1874,  and  was 
for  $1,342.50,  interest  amounting  to  $316.04. 
Thus  Stevens  countv  cleared  $41.46. 


It  becomes  necessary  to  revert  to  May  7, 
1872,  when  we  find  that  pusuant  to  an  act  of 
the  Territorial  legislature  it  became  incumbent 
upon  the  commissioners  of  Walla  Walla.  Whit- 
man and  Stevens  counties,  to  appoint  each  a 
commissioner  to  view  and  locate  a  Territorial 
road  from  Walla  Walla  to  Colville,  and  on -the 
part  of  Stevens  county  J.  R.  Courtnay  was  se- 
lected as  commissioner.  j\Ir.  Courtnay  met 
with  the  other  commissioners,  assisted  in  the 
survey  of  this  road  and  was  paid  for  his  serv- 
ices $310.50.  Concerning  the  subject  of  road 
building  Mr.  John  Ricky  says : 

"At  this  time  the  several  counties  put  con- 
siderable work  on  this  road,  fixing  up  the  old 
military  road  and  building  a  part  of  it  anew, 
until  a  first-class  road  was  established  as  a  Ter- 
ritorial road." 

May  7,  1874,  the  commissioners  established 
the  Four  Lake  Election  Precinct,  embracing  all 
the  territory  between  Willow  Springs,  Rock 
creek,  north  and  south,  and  the  Colville  and 
Walla  Walla  road ;  Lake  creek,  east  and  west. 
The  voting  place  was  at  the  residence  of  C. 
Murphy.  September  22,  the  same  year,  Spo- 
kane Falls  Election  Precinct  was  established, 
bounded  as  follows:  Commencing  at  the 
mouth  of  Hangman's  creek,  thence  up  the  creek 
ten  miles;  thence  east  ten  miles;  thence  north 
ten  miles  (more  or  less)  to  Spokane  river; 
thence  west  down  Spokane  river  to  the  place 
first  named.  Polls  were  established  at  the  store  of 
Mathema  &  Company.  The  following  day  the 
commissioners  abolished  the  election  precinct 
of  Pine  Creek,  "there  not  being  sufficient  vot- 
ers, and  ordered  that  said  precinct  be  included 
in  Pine  Grove  Precinct,  and  that  the  auditor 
notify  Mr.  Favorite  of  this  order." 

May  5,  1875,  a  complication  arose  concern- 
ing the  office  of  county  auditor.  From  the  pro- 
ceedings of  that  date  we  find  that  the  county 
commissioners  ordered  that  the  resignation  of 
J.  R.  Kinsley,  as  auditor  be  spread  on  the  min- 
utes, of  which  resignation  the  following  is  a 
copy : 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


85 


"CoLVLLE,  W.  T.,  March  i8,  1875. 
"To  the  Honorable  Board  of  Commissioners  of 

Stevens  County,  W.  T. 

"Gentlemen  :  I  herewith  tender  my  resigna- 
tion as  auditor  of  Stevens  county,  W.  T.,  to 
take  effect  at  the  regular  May  meeting. 

"(Signed)  J.  R.  Kinsey." 

It  appears  that  Mr.  Kinsley  reconsidered  his 
action  in  resigning,  for  at  the  meeting  of  May 
6,  the  letter  appended  herewith  appears  spread 
upon  the  records : 

"CoLviLLE,  May  3,  1875. 
"To  the  Honorable  Board  of  Commissioners. 

"Gentlemen  :  I  do  hereby  give  notice  that  I 
respectfully  withdraw  my  resignation  placed  in 
your  hands,  dated  March  18,  1875,  ^s  county 
auditor.     Respectfully, 

"(Signed)         John  R.  Kinsley, 

"County  Auditor." 

A  majority  of  the  board  refused  to  accept 
this  withdrawal,  the  vote  standing,  L.  W.  My- 
ers and  D.  T.  Percival,  opposed  to  acceptance; 
J.  Lamona  in  favor  of  it.  The  same  majority 
accepted  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Kinsley,  and  it 
was  ordered  that  the  office  of  county  auditor  be 
declared  vacant.  To  this  action  Mr.  Kinsley 
presented  a  written  protest  as  follows: 

"Fort  Colville,  W.  T.,  May  6,  1875. 
"Gentlemen  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners : 

"I,  John   R.   Kinsley,  auditor  of   Stevens 


county,  protest  against  the  action  of  the  board 
of  county  commissioners  in  declaring  the  office 
of  county  auditor  vacant,  as  arbitrary  and  con- 
trary to  law,  and  I  refuse  to  surrender  the 
office. 
"(Signed)  John  R.  Kinsley. 

"County  Auditor." 

Through  the  action  of  Percival  and  Myers 
S.  F.  Sherwood  was  appointed  auditor  of 
Stevens  county.  Commissioner  Lamona  pro- 
testing against  such  appointment  "unless  Mr. 
Kinsley  be  removed  by  due  course  of  law;  in 
that  event  he  would  sustain  Mr.  Sherwood." 

But  Messrs.  Percival  and  Myers  continued 
the  work,  and  approved  the  bond  of  Mr.  Sher- 
wood, for  $3,000,  with  Max  Weil  and  Henry 
Wellington  as  sureties.  Mr.  Kinsley  was  then 
ordered  to  turn  over  all  books  and  papers  be- 
longing to  the  office  of  auditor  to  S.  F.  Sher- 
wood, and  to  this  proposition  Mr.  Kinsley 
promptly  refused.  Mr.  Sherwood  was  then  re- 
quested to  take  immediate  possession  of  the 
office,  and  to  remove  the  lock  from  the  door  of 
the  office  and  place  thereon  a  new  one.  Sheriff 
John  U.  Hofstetter  was  also  ordered  to  secure 
a  new  lock  for  the  court  house,  and  although 
Commissioner  Lamona  strongly  protested 
against  this  forcible  possession  of  the  office,  the 
majority  carried  the  day,  and  Mr.  Sherwood 
continued  to  hold  the  fort. 


CHAPTER  II. 


MATERIAL  PROGRESS  FROM  1871  TO   1903. 


From  the  original  Stevens  county  there 
have  been  sliced  the  important  political  di- 
visions of  Spokane,  Whitman,  Adams,  Frank- 
lin, Lincoln,  Douglas,  Ferry,  Okanogan  and  a 
portion  of  Chelan  counties.  Yet  in  1871  in  all 
that  vast  territory,  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
Colville,  as  the  countv  seat,  there  was  a  voting 


population  of  less  than  three  hundred,  and  a 
total  population,  exclusive  of  Indians,  of  less 
than  one  thousand.  The  most  populous  por- 
tion of  the  district,  at  the  period  named,  was 
the  Colville  valley.  A  list  of  the  various  farms, 
ranches,  "sites"  or  residences  of  the  white  in- 
habitants, prepared  for  the  information  of  the 


86 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


government  shows  them  to  have  been  ninety- 
one  in  number.  From  a  copy  of  this  hst  we  are 
enabled  to  give  the  names  of  eighty-eight  of 
these  pioneers  of  Stevens  county.  Many  of 
them  are  still  residents,  even  within  its  present 
boundaries ;  some  have  removed  to  other  locali- 
ties, or  been  set  off  by  county  subdivision;  a 
large  number  have  passed  to  the  Great  Beyond. 
The  names  are :  Harry  Young,  L.  D.  Ferguson, 
Joseph  Gangraw,  Hilburn,  I.  R.  Kings- 
ley,  Bergean,  George  Waitt,  Francis  Hu- 
bert, George  Frazer,  Henry  Brown,  John  Ink- 
ster,  Andrew  Mowatt,  —  Kemp,  Peter  Abram- 
son,  George  Flett,  Joseph  Morrell,  Reid  Mont- 
gomery. John  Garrack,  Patrick  McKenzie, 
Thomas  Brown,  Fred  Keiling,  George  IMcRea, 
Donald    McCloud,    Louis    Morrigean,    Nobra 

Dupuis.   Mechan,    Magnes   Flett,   

Mechel.  John  Stranger,  H.  Wellington,  Joseph 
Roberts,  John  Hauser,  Con  Rickart,  Mrs. 
Fratzer.  Narcise  Finley.  Louis  Perras,  M. 
L'Fleur,  Francis  Wolff.  James  Kitt,  Louis 
Matthews.  Jacob  Buske.  Alex.  Gendron,  Solo- 
mon Pelton.  Mrs.  McDougall.  Frank  Johann, 

John  Wynne,  Pierre,  Moses  Dupee,  An- 

toine  Paradis,  \\'.  Hall.  L.  W.  Meyers,  Peter 
Grupee,  John  Probell.  John  Jarvir,  Fred  Sher- 
\vood,  Jacob  Gillett,  Robert  Bruce,  Thomas 
Stranger,  Thomas  Stranger,  Jr.,  George 
Heron.  Mrs.  G.  W.  Jacobs,  M.  Oppenheimer. 
R.  H.  Douglas.  Thomas  Haller,  Mrs.  Cham- 
pagne. Robert  McKay.  Joseph  Lapray,  Mat- 
thew Hayden,  Joseph  Laurient,  John  Lezott, 
Leopold  DeRudder,  Andrew  Hughson,  F. 
Boesch.  John  U.   Hofstetter,  Joseph  Martin, 

Louis  Peone,  Charette,  I.  Merchant,  C. 

H.  Montgomery,  Ambrose  Tindall.  Donald 
McDonald.  Marcus  Oppenheimer,  John 
Rickey.  George  Reimer,  John  Cluxton,  Albert 
Dunlap,  George  W.  Harvey. 

At  this  period  Pinkney  City  was  the  me- 
tropolis of  northeastern  Washington.  Here 
the  board  of  county  commissioners  adminis- 
tered the  affairs  of  a  territory  larger  than  that 
of  anv  other  similar  ImcIv  on  the  Northwest 


Coast.  They  established  election  precincts  con- 
taining hundreds  of  square  miles;  large  sums 
were  appropriated,  necessarily,  to  reimburse 
those  who  brought  in  the  election  returns,  and 
they  were  sometimes  weeks  on  the  road,  while 
results  remained  in  doubt;  some  of  the  school 
districts  embraced  territory  from  which  coun- 
ties were  subsequently  carved ;  the  city  of 
Spokane  was  yet  to  develop  from  the  shadows 
of  the  future. 

The  range  of  Indian  superintendence  was 
on  a  scale  equally  extensive.  Over  eight  differ- 
ent tribes,  prior  to  April  9.  1872,  the  Colville 
Indian  Agency  had  nominal  control.  These 
trilies,  including  the  Colville,  Spokane,  Okano- 
gan, San  Poil,  Kalispell,  Methow,  Nespelim, 
and  Lake  Chelan  bands,  numbered  over  three 
thousand  persons.  We  say  nominal  control, 
for  although  some  of  these  Indians  declined  to 
recognize  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
they  were  in  the  main  peaceably  disposed. 
By  executive  order  a  reservation  was  set  apart 
for  them  April  9,  1872.  This  included  the  Col- 
ville valley,  and  the  act  met  with  the  warm  ap- 
proval of  the  Indians.  Not  so  with  the  white 
settlers  and  pioneers.  Sixty  of  the  latter  filed  an 
immediate  protest.  July  2  an  order  was  issued 
by  President  Grant  confining  the  reservation 
to  the  country  bounded  on  the  east  and  south 
by  the  Columbia,  west  by  the  Okanogan  and 
north  by  British  Columbia.  This  order  was 
ratified  by  the  first  session  of  the  forty-third 
congress  and  was  followed  by  a  counter  protest 
by  Indians  and  agents.  This,  however,  was 
without  effect,  as  the  order  was  not  "changed, 
but  the  Colville  Indians  entered  upon  a  sort  of 
joint-occupancy  with  the  whites  in  the  valley, 
and  here  the  Jesuits  assumed  charge  of  their 
spiritual  welfare,  bestowing  upon  them  the 
same  care  and  attention  which  they  had  ex- 
hibited in  other  localities  since  1842.  This 
reservation  was  extended  in  April,  1879,  by  a 
grant  on  the  west  side  of  the  Okanogan  to 
the  Cascade  range.  The  reservation  then  in- 
cluded all  the  country  in  eastern  Washington 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


87 


west  of  the  Columbia  and  north  of  48  degrees 
30  minutes,  comprising  some  four  thousand 
square  miles. 

The  reader  will  have  noticed  that  in  these 
early  days,  and  prior  to  1880,  the  names  of  the 
putative  capital  of  Stevens  county  appear  to 
have  been  interchangable.  Sometimes  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  county  commissioners  are  dated 
Colville,  Fort  Cojlville,  and  again,  Pinkney 
City.  April  26,  1876,  the  county  seat  question 
was  brought  up  at  a  meeting  on  that  day  of  the 
commissioners,  and  a  majority  of  the  board 
concurred  in  the  following : 

"That  it  is  the  opinion  of  a  majority  of  the 
board  of  county  commissioners  that  the  act  of 
1875,  being  an  amendment  to  the  act  of  1863, 
an  act  repealed  by  the  act  of  1864,  'permanently 
locating  the  county  seat  at  Colville,'  and  conse- 
quently null  and  void,  that  the  amendment  of 

1875  must  be  of  necessity  also  null  and  void, 
and  in  consequence  the  act  of  1864  still  remains 
in  full  force  and  effect,  Meyers  and  Lamona 
concurring;  Mr.  Percival  protesting  against 
the  action  of  the  majority  of  the  board." 

In  1876  the  Okanogan  Election  Precinct 
was  formed  by  the  commissioners,  and  one  year 
later  the  Hangman's  Creek  Precinct,  in  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  county,  was  established. 
August  10,  1877,  the  commissioners  in  settling 
with  the  sheriff  were  informed  that  he  had  been 
unable  to  collect  the  taxes  due  for  the  year 

1876  owing  to  unsettled  conditions  resulting 
from  recent  Indian  outbreaks.  The  sheriff  was 
therefore  given  until  the  succeeding  November 
meeting  of  the  board  to  collect  the  taxes.  Two 
new  election  precincts  were  organized  in  1878; 
one,  the  Spring  Valley  Precinct,  and  another, 
the  Moses  Precinct,  which  appears  to  have  in- 
cluded the  greater  part  of  Lincoln  and  Douglas 
counties,  as  now  organized.  It  is  described  on 
the  commissioners'  record  as  follows : 

"In  the  southwest  corner  of  Stevens  county, 
with  the  following  boundaries  :  Commencing  on 
the  Whitman  county  line,  at  the  Columbia 
river:  thence  up  said  ri\'er  to  Spokane  river; 


thence  in  a  southerly  direction  by  way  of  Min- 
eral Springs,  near  Crab  Creek,  ,  to  Whitman 
county  line ;  thence  west  on  said  line  to  place  of 
beginning."  Refeience  to  a  map  of  Washing- 
ton will  conclusively  show  that  it  cost  time,  as 
well  as  money,  to  exercise  the  elective  franchise 
in  those  days.  In  1884  the  Columbia,  Sequaha, 
Spring  Valley  Election  Precincts,  and  Okano- 
gan District  were  organized,  thus  considerably 
reducing  the  size,  not  only  of  Moses,  but  other 
election  precincts. 

August  10,  1878,  an  order  was  made  by 
the  commissioners  providing  that  the  receiving 
officers  of  Stevens  county  be  instructed  to  not 
receive  gold  dust  in  payment  of  any  indebted- 
ness to  the  county  at  a  value  greater  than  the 
following  rates:  Amalgam  dust,  Rock  Creek, 
Salmon  River,  $14;'  "49"  Creek,  Pend  d' 
Oreille,  $16,  and  Kootenai,  $17  per  ounce. 

The  amputation  from  Stevens  of  the  terri- 
tory comprising  Whitman  county  did  not  create 
any  undue  excitement  in  the  vicinity  of  Col- 
ville. This,  however,  was  not  the  case  in  the 
subsequent  segregation  of  Spokane  county. 
There  was  most  emphatic  protest  from  nearly 
all  the  citizens  in  the  remaining  portion  of 
Stevens  county,  particularly  from  those  resid- 
ing in  the  northeastern  district.  At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  board  of  commissioners,  November 
6,  1879,  the  following  resolution  was  con- 
curred in  unanimously: 

"Whereas,  Our  representative,  D.  F.  Per- 
cival, has  introduced  and  caused  to  be  passed  a 
bill  for  the  division  of  Stevens  county,  without 
the  approval  of  a  large  majority  of  his  consti- 
tuents ; 

"Resolved,  That  we  consider  his  act  sec- 
tional and  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of  the 
citizens  of  this  county  and  very  unjust." 

Of  this  action  Mr.  John  Rickey,  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  influential  pioneers  says : 

"At  the  time  Spokane  was  cut  off  from 
Stevens  county.  Mr.  Percival.  of  Cheney,  was 
our  representative  in  the  Washington  Terri- 
torial  legislature.     The  people  of  the  present 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


county  of  Stevens  did  not  desire  a  division  of 
the  county  at  this  time,  but  it  was  generally 
understood  that  when  the  division  was  made 
the  northern  boundary  of  Spokane  county  was 
to  be  the  Spokane  river.  Mr.  Percival  was 
elected  by  votes  from  this  part  of  the  county 
with  this  understanding,  but  when  he  reached 
Olympia  he  immediately  introduced,  and  se- 
cured the  passage  of  a  bill  creating  the  county 
of  Spokane  with  its  present  boundaries." 

Mr.  Rickey  adds  the  following  reminis- 
cence of  this  eventful  year : 

"I  remember  one  very  exciting  incident  in 
the  history  of  the  'Old  Town.'  It  was  in  the 
year  1879  that  the  old  log  jail  burned,  and  for  a 
short  time  there  was  as  much  excitement  as 
would  be  occasioned  by  an  Indian  outbreak.  In 
fact  the  fire  was  caused  by  an  Indian  outbreak 
— an  Indian  breaking  out  of  the  old  jail. 
'Apache  Joe"  was  the  Indian's  name,  and  he 
was  serving  a  sentence  for  arson,  having  set 
fire  to  some  hay.  The  Indian  dug  his  way  out 
of  the  jail,  but  before  taking  his  liberty  he  set 
fire  to  the  building.  I  was  attending  court  at 
the  time  and  was  sleeping  that  night  in  the 
court  house,  when  I  was  awakened  by  the 
most  unearthly  cries  I  ever  heard,  apparently 
coming  from  the  jail.  When  I  got  my  clothes 
on  and  rushed  out  the  jail  building  was  a  mass 
of  flames  and  the  cries  were  coming  from  a 
prisoner  named  Thomas,  who  was  serving  a 
thirty  days'  sentence  for  petit  larceny,  and  who 
was  now  locked  up  in  one  of  the  cells  of  the 
burning  building.  Several  persons  had  arrived 
on  the  scene  by  this  time,  and  by  using  the 
trunk  of  a  tree  which  was  handy,  for  a  batter- 
ing ram,  we  burst  open  the  door  of  the  jail  and 
rescued  the  terrified  prisoner.  Thomas'  clothes 
had  caught  fire,  but  after  extinguishing  the 
flames  he  was  found  to  be  not  much  the  worse 
for  his  experience." 

The  Territorial  legislature  of  1883  had  en- 
acted a  law  making  the  "town  of  Colville  the 
county  seat  of  Stevens  county."  At  this  period 
the  records  of  tlie  commissioners  showed  no 


town  of  Colville  in  existence,  that  is  no  legally 
filed  plat  of  such  a  town  and,  accordingly,  May 
20,  1883,  there  was  filed  for  record  by  J.  W. 
Still  a  plat  of  the  present  capital  of  Stevens 
county,  February  28,  1883,  the  town  had  been 
dedicated  by  W.  F.  Hooker  and  Mary  J. 
Hooker,  his  wife,  from  land  owned  by  John  U. 
Hofstetter  and  John  Wynne.  May  2,  1881,  at 
Pinkney  City,  bids  for  the  erection  of  a  new 
jail  had  been  submitted  by  the  commissioners, 
the  contract  being  awarded  to  R.  H.  Douglas 
on  his,  lowest,  bid  of  $1,200.  For  the  purpose 
of  providing  this  structure  a  tax  of  ten  mills  on 
the  dollar  was  levied,  and  the  same  year  the 
new  jail  was  completed  at  Pinkney  City. 

Thus  there  was  a  new  county  seat,  named 
Colville,  but  the  county  business  was  transacted 
at  Pinkney  City;  there  the  jail  was  located  and 
there  the  county  records  were  kept  until  1883. 
December  28,  of  that  year  the  commissioners 
convened  in  special  session  to  consider  the  prop- 
osition of  removing  the  records  to  the  legalized 
county  seat.  The  full  board,  comprising 
George  Waitte,  Adam  Boyd  and  John  U.  Hof- 
stetter were  present,  together  with  Fred  Keil- 
ing,  sheriff,  and  H.  H.  Oliver,  clerk.  In  the 
matter  of  removing  the  county  records  it  was 
ordered  that,   in  compliance  with  the  law  of 

1883,  they  be  taken  to  Colville  by  January  i, 

1884.  The  privilege  of  removing  the  jail  to 
the  new  town  free  of  cost  to  the  taxpayers  of 
the  county,  was  extended  to  the  proprietors  of 
the  new  town  of  Colville,  with  a  proviso  that 
they  donate  a  block  of  land  for  the  purposes  of 
county  buildings.  At  Colville  an  office  for  the 
transaction  of  the  business  of  the  county  audi- 
tor was  furnished  by  John  U.  Hofstetter  at  a 
monthly  rental  of  $9,  and  one  room  for  the 
joint  occupancy  of  court  and  sheriff  at  the 
same  rental.  Until  the  succeeding  February 
meeting  Mr.  Hofstetter  undertook  to  furnish 
the  county  treasurer  an  office  free  of  charge. 
At  the  commissioners  meeting  of  February  26, 
1884,  the  question  of  the  location  of  the  jail  in 
the  new  town  was  considered.     It  was  finallv 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


agreed  among  the  commissioners  that  if  Mr. 
John  Wynne  would  donate  five  lots  in  Block 
No.  lo,  town  of  Colville,  the  jail  and  other 
county  buildings  should  be  located  thereon; 
otherwise  the  buildings  to  be  placed  on  lots  be- 
longing to  Mr.  Hofstetter  in  Block  No.  14.  It 
appears  that  satisfactory  arrangements  could 
not  be  concluded  with  Mr.  Wynne,  for  on  De- 
cember 31,  1884,  we  find  that  a  deed  was  pre- 
sented to  the  county  of  Stevens  by  W.  F. 
Hooker,  andi  Mary  J.  Hooker,  of  Spokane 
county,  for  "Block  No.  14,  in  the  town  of 
Colville."  No  county  buildings  were  com- 
pleted, however,  at  the  time  of  the  commis- 
sioners' meeting  of  February  2,  1885,  for  the 
board  met  on  that  date  in  various  private  resi- 
dences. John  U.  Hofstetter  moved  the  jail 
from  Pinkney  City  free  of  charge  to  the  county. 

January  3,  1885,  the  report  of  a  committee 
appointed  to  examine  the  financial  condition  of 
the  county  was  submitted  to  the  commission- 
ers showing  the  total  indebtedness  to  have  been 
reduced  to  $1,471.60.  This  committee  con- 
sisted of  S.  Douglas  and  William  Moore. 
Measures  were  then  taken  to  dispose  of  the  old 
court  house  at  Pinkney  City.  At  the  commis- 
sioners' meeting  of  February  3,  1885,  it  was 
ordered  that  "the  sheriff,  after  taking  what 
lumber  he  needs  for  offices  in  the  jail,  post  no- 
tice and  sell  at  public  auction  to  the  highest  bid- 
der, on  four  or  six  months'  time,  on  good  en- 
dorsed notes,  the  court  house  in  the  old  town  of 
Colville."  This  sale  was  approved  by  the  com- 
missioners May  8,  1885. 

March  6,  1886,  a  special  meeting  of  the 
commissioners  of  Stevens  county  was  held  at 
the  request  of  Jacob  Stitzel,  chairman  of  a 
committee  appointed  to  promote  the  erection  of 
a  new  court  house.  Nothing  appears  to  have 
"been  done  at  this  meeting,  but  on  August  12,  the 
commissioners  decided  to  submit  at  the  next 
general  election,  a  proposition  to  vote  to  levy  a 
special  tax  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  suit- 
able court  house  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $3,500. 
But  at  a  subsequent  meeting  held  November 


II,  the  board  decided  to  purchase  an  edifice 
known  as  the  "Oppenheimer  building,"  for 
court  house  purposes  and  it  was  deeded  to  the 
county  by  E.  Oppenheimer  and  H.  K.  Hansen 
for  the  sum  of  $1,900.  including  two  lots.  D. 
J.  Yeargain  also  secured  the  contract  for  mak- 
ing improvements  to  the  value  of  $243  on  the 
building,  and  here  the  county  records  were 
moved  in  February,  1887. 

In  1886  the  various  election  precincts  of 
the  county,  with  their  voting  places,  were  as 
follows:  Calispel,  residence  of  William  Miller; 
Metaline,  residence  of  Alex.  McLean;  Little 
Dalles,  store  of  Peter  Ellensohn;  Toads 
Schoolar,  residence  of  Alex.  Thorp;  Salmon 
River,  residence  of  D.  J.  McGilvery;  Okano- 
gan, residence  of  G.  Reynolds ;  Old  Dominion, 
house  known  as  Old  Dominion  mining  office; 
Camas  Prairie,  (the  precinct  known  as 
Sequaha)  was  changed  to  Camas  Prairie; 
Thetis;  Walker's  Prairie  and  Clugston  Creek. 

March  13,  1888,  the  commissioners  leased 
the  building  and  vault  then  employed  for  court 
house  purposes,  from  T.  D.  Boyer,  for  a  term 
of  five  years  at  a  yearly  rental  of  $1,000.  Mr. 
Boyer  in  consideration  of  this  contract  exe- 
cuted a  bond  in  the  sum  of  $6,000  conditioned 
that  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease,  and  upon 
payment  of  rent,  he  would  make  over  to  the 
county  a  deed  of  this  property. 

September  10,  1891,  it  was  shown  that  the 
outstanding  warrants  of  Stevens  county 
amounted  to  $53,785.16,  and  that  there  were  on 
hand  no  available  funds  with  which  to  redeem 
them.  At  the  .preceding  assessment  the  tax- 
able property  in  the  county,  as  shown  by  the 
rolls,  amounted  to  $2,510,019.  It  was  deemed 
expedient  by  the  commissioners  to  issue  a  call 
for  a  special  election,  October  13,  to  vote  upon 
a  proposition  to  issue  $60,000  in  county  bonds. 
Meanwhile  the  supreme  court  of  the  State  of 
Washington,  which  had  been  admitted  into  the 
union  in  1889,  had  rendered  an  opinion  afifect- 
ing  the  validity  of  the  issuance  of  the  bonds 
proposed  by  the  commissioners  at  their  meet- 


90 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ing  of  September  lo.  In  consequence  of  this 
adverse  decision  the  following  was  spread  upon 
the  records  of  the  county : 

"It  is  ordered  that  any  and  all  orders  here- 
tofore made  relative  to  the  issuance  of  said 
bonds,  and  notice  of  an  election  therefor,  be 
and  the  same  are  hereby,  revoked  and  vacated." 

Then  the  board  advertised  to  sell  bonds  to 
the  amount  of  $35,000,  or  not  to  exceed  one 
and  one-half  per  cent  of  the  assessed  value  of 
the  county,  and  on  September  25  they  ordered 
to  be  issued  thirty-five  funding  bonds  of  Stev- 
ens county  for  the  sum  of  $1,000  each,  dating 
December  i.  1891,  and  maturing  December  i, 
191 1,  at  six  per  cent,  interest.  The  money 
realized  from  the  sale  of  these  bonds  was  to  be 
employed  exclusively  in  liquidating  the  long- 
est outstanding  warrants,  these  warrants  dat- 
ing back  to  November  5,  1885,  the  principal 
and  interest  of  which  aggregated  $33,644.47. 

Almost  synchronal  with  the  admission  of 
Washington  into  the  union  began  the  agita- 
tion for  a  railroad  within  the  present  limits  of 
Stevens  county.  The  rapidity  with  which  the 
project  gained  headway,  and  the  celerity  with 
which  the  greatly  desired  railway  development 
of  the  county  was  pushed  to  completion  is  ener- 
getically described  by  Mr.  Randall  H.  Kemp, 
of  Spokane,  in  the  Colville  Miner  of  date  Sep- 
tember 12,  1890: 

A  year  ago  last  February,  when  D.  C.  Corbin.  .A..  A. 
Newbury  and  James  Monaghan  returned  (to  Spokane) 
from  a  trip  of  nearly  three  hundred  miles,  made  on 
runners,  whereby  they  looked  out  the  proposed  route  of 
the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railway,  the  foundation 
was  commenced  on  which  one  of  the  most  important 
business  enterprises  beneficial  to  Spokane  Falls  and  a 
vast  area  of  country  was  reared.  A  person  does  not 
have  to  be  an  old  timer  to  remember  the  alacrity  with 
which  the  people  of  this  progressive  city  accepted  Mr. 
Corbin's  request  for  a  bonus  of  $100,000  which  should 
be  guaranteed  before  he  commenced  the  construction  of 
the  road. 

The  board  of  trade  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
matter;  the  banker  left  his  counting  room,  the  editor 
his  chair,  and  the  merchant  his  ledger;  the  entire  popu- 
lation of  the  city  appeared  to  consider  themselves  a 
committee,  and  before  they  scarcely  paused  to  take 
breath    this    sum    was   pledged    and    D,    C.    Corbin,    the 


railroad  magnate  of  the  northwest,  was  actively  engaged 
in  the  construction  of  this  line  which  is  rapidly  becom- 
ing a  great  artery  of  commerce.  Like  all  successful 
business  men  possessing  that  rare  faculty  called  genius, 
he  selected  a  staff  of  aides  and  assistants  from  the  best 
material  to  be  found,  and  from  its  inception  up  to  the 
present,  the  carrying  out  of  this  coUossal  scheme  has 
moved  with  the  precision  of  a  well-regulated  clock. 

It  appears  almost  incredible  that  such  a  perfect 
road  as  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  could  be  equipped 
in  such  a  short  time,  and  the  benefit  that  it  has  been  to 
the  Colville  and  upper  Columbia  country,  and  this  city 
(Spokane)  as  well,  can  scarcely  be  realized.  The  days 
of  the  lumbering  stage  coach,  the  heavy  freight  wagon 
and  the  slow  cayuse  method  of  traveling  are  numbered 
among  the  things  that  were,  and  another  rich  section 
of  the  great  northwest  has  received  the  benefits  of  one 
of  the  great  equalizers,  a  modern  railway. 

The  forthcoming  opening  of  the  World's 
Fair  at  Chicago,  in  1893,  created  considerable 
patriotic  interest  in  Stevens  county,  and  it  was 
almost  universal  opinion  that  the  mineralized 
deposits  within  her  boundaries  should  be  suit- 
ably represented  at  the  great  international  ex- 
position. May  6,  1892,  an  appropriation  of 
$1,200  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  enabling 
George  Pfunder  to  transfer  various  specimens 
of  ores  from  the  different  mines  of  the  county 
to  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  depots. 

The  initial  agitation  for  removal  of  the 
county  seat  from  Colville  was  in  1892.  At  the 
commissioners'  meeting  of  August  20,  a  peti- 
tion was  presented  for  removal  of  the  capital 
of  Stevens  county  from  Colville  to  Chewelah, 
the  question  to  be  submitted  at  the  next  general 
election.  October  6  a  petition  signed  by  one 
hundred  and  twenty-four  voters  was  filed  with 
the  board  praying  for  removal  of  the  county 
seat  to  Kettle  Falls,  the  question  to  be  passed 
upon  at  the  same  election.  .  This  latter  petition 
was  opposed  by  Commissioner  A.  T.  Williams, 
who  advanced  the  cogent  reasons  that  election 
notices,  including  the  Chewelah  proposition 
were  already  posted  and  that  in  his  opinion  the 
petition  did  not  carry  the  requisite  number  of 
signatures.  Throughout  the  day  the  matter 
was  debated  with  no  little  animation  by  the 
commissioners,  and  on  the  7th,  the  day  fol- 
lowing, a  coup  was  sprung  by  a  combination  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


91 


Colville  and  Springdale  people,  in  the  shape  of 
a  petition  signed  by  fifty-one  voters  praying  for 
removal  of  the  county  seat  to  Springdale.  Con- 
cerning this  critical  moment  in  county  affairs 
Mr.  John  Rickey  says : 

"After  Chewelah  and  Kettle  Falls  entered 
the  race  for  the  county  seat  Colville,  fearing 
that  the  necessary  three-fifths  votes  might  be 
secured  in  favor  of  Chewelah,  induced  the  town 
of  Springdale  to  enter  the  race  and  thus  draw 
votes  from  the  southern  portion  of  the  county 
which  otherwise  might  go  to  Chewelah.  The 
people  of  Springdale  were  loyal  to  Colville  and 
promptly  entered  the  race." 

Consistency  demanded  of  Commissioner 
Williams  that  he,  also,  oppose  the  Springdale 
petition,  although  it  is  quite  probable  that  he 
saw  and  sympathized  with  the  strategic  move- 
ment in  behalf  of  Colville.  He  was,  however, 
outvoted  in  the  board,  and  November  8  the 
general  election  was  held  with  the  following 
result : 

For  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  from  its  present 

location   at    Colville   to    Chewelah 330 

Against   Chewelah    .> 3SI 

For   Kettle    Falls.  . .' 599 

Against    Kettle    Falls 352 

For    Springdale    14 

Against   Springdale    345 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  Commis- 
sioners November  15,  C.  K.  Simpson  and  E. 
W.  Weston,  a  majority  of  the  board,  assumed 
the  position  that  Kettle  Falls  had  won  the 
county  seat  at  the  polls.  To  this  Commissioner 
Williams  dissented.  Simpson  and  Weston 
urged  that  Kettle  Falls  had  received  a  three- 
fifths  vote  as  between  that  town  and  Colville; 
Williams  insisted  that  a  three-fifths  vote  of  the 
entire  poll  was  required.  Kettle  Falls  was  de- 
clared the  county  seat  and  preparations  were 
made  to  remove  the  records.  Then  John  Rickey 
and  Harry  Young,  in  behalf  of  Colville,  began 
suit  against  the  county  commissioners  to  set 
aside  their  decision,  and  they  secured  from  the 
superior  court  a  restraining  order  of  which  the 
following  in  a  syllabus : 


It  is  ordered  that  the  above  named  defendants  do 
absolutely  refrain  from  in  any  manner  removing  or  at- 
tempting to  remove  any  of  the  public  records,  public 
books  and  appurtenances  of  said  county  from  the  present 
county  seat  to  the  city  of  Kettle  Falls  in  said  county, 
or  elsewhere,  and  to  absolutely  refrain  from  establish- 
ing or  attempting  to  establish  the  county  seat  of  said 
county  of  Stevens  at  the  said  city  of  Kettle  Falls,  or 
elsewhere,  and  to  refrain  froin  moving  or  attempting  to 
remove  said  county  seat  and  all  papers,  books,  records, 
offices  and  files  from  the  city  of  Colville,  in  said  county, 
to  the  said  city  of  Kettle  Falls,  or  elsewhere,  or  in  tak- 
ing any  steps  or  making  any  contracts  in  furtherance 
thereof,  or  from  doing  any  of  the  matters  or  things 
contemplated  of  in  plaintiffs'  complaint,  until  the  further 
order  of  the  court ;  and  that  they  show  cause  before  this 
court,  at  the  hour  of  10  o'clock  a.  m.,  on  the  25th 
day  of  November,  1892,  why  this  order  should  not  be 
continued  until  the  final  hearing  of  this  cause. 

This  order  was  signed  by  R.  B.  Blake, 
judge.  The  hearing  of  Colville's  motion  to 
make  the  restraining  order  permanent  against 
the  commissioners  was  heard  December  2, 
1892,  by  Judge  Blake,  and  was  by  him  sus- 
tained. The  city  of  Colville  was  represented 
by  T.  C.  Griffitts;  Kettle  Falls  by  Post  & 
Avery.  The  complaint  filed  with  the  restrain- 
ing order  set  forth  the  facts  of  the  election  and 
the  grounds  upon  which  the  order  was  based. 
One  of  these  was  that  the  petition  upon  which 
Kettle  Falls  entered  the  race  in  no  particular 
complied  with  the  law,  and  setting  forth  further 
that  Chewelah  was  the  only  legal  contestant 
for  the  county  seat.  The  case  was  carried  to 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  Here  it  re- 
mained until  March  29,  1894,  when  the  court 
handed  down  a  decision,  brief  as  could  be  de- 
sired, stating  that  the  whole  proceedings  were 
a  nullity  from  their  very  inception.  The  no- 
tices were  irregular  and  the  county  commis- 
sioners had  not  the  right  to  submit  the  Kettle 
Falls  proposition  upon  the  showing  presented. 

December  19,  1892,  the  census  returns  of 
Stevens  county  returned  a  population  of  5,543- 
Under  provision  of  the  state  law  it  was  then 
declared  by  the  commissioners  to  be  a  county 
of  the  twentieth  class,  and  salaries  of  officials 
were  raised  accordingly. 

Mondav  evening.   May   10,    1893,  Colville 


92 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Valley  was  visited  by  the  most  disastrous 
flood  ever  experienced  in  its  recorded  history. 
Its  main  force  was  spent  near  the  station  of 
Sherwood,  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
Railroad,  ten  miles  south  of  Colville.  It  is 
estimated  by  residents  in  the  neighborhood  of 
this  sudden  inundation  that  had  a  city  the  size 
of  Johnstown,  Pennsylvania,  been  situated  in 
the  path  of  this  destructive  element  the  result- 
ant loss  of  life  and  property  would  have  been 
little  less  than  that  of  the  unfortunate  town  in 
the  Keystone  State.  The  circumstances  were 
remarkably  similar.  A  short  time  prior  to  this 
flood  in  the  Colville  Valley  an  earth-avalanche 
from  the  north  side  of  Iron  Mountain  had 
fallen  into  the  canyon  at  a  point  four  miles  east 
of  the  Colville  river,  forming  a  dam  across  the 
ravine  nearly  one  hundred  feet  high.  Along 
the  bottom  of  this  ravine  flowed  the  waters  of 
a  small  creek,  and  thus  arrested  by  the  natural 
dam  formed  by  the  landslide,  they  soon  as- 
sumed the  magnitude  of  a  mighty  lake,  nearly 
ninety  feet  in  depth.  The  consequent  heavy 
pressure  against  the  dam  caused  a  sudden  break 
of  the  imprisoned  waters,  and  what  was  once  a 
peaceful,  rippling  brook,  became  an  irrisistible 
torrent  that  swept  all  before  it,  covering  the 
surrounding  country  with  four  feet  of  mud, 
and  debris,  destroying  the  crops  of  many  farms 
and  sweeping  away  the  homes,  fences,  and  out- 
buildings of  the  inhabitants.  Huge  boulders 
were  rolled  along  by  the  on-rush  of  waters, 
snapping  large  trees  like  pipe-stems  in  their 
furious  race  down  the  ravine.  Thomas  J.  Pat- 
ton,  a  well-known  and  industrious  farmer  who 
lived  on  the  beautiful  spread  of  prairie  that 
widens  out  at  the  lower  end  of  the  canyon  to  a 
width  of  a  mile  and  a  half,  escaped  with  his 
family,  but  was  compelled  to  witness  the  com- 
plete destruction  of  his  spring's  crop. 

At  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  parties  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  disaster  heard  a  distant 
rumbling  which  was  not  thunder,  but  might 
be  a  seismic  disturbance.  At  first  the  direction 
from  which  the  detonations  proceeded  was  not 


located,  but  as  they  became  more  distinct  and 
at  frequent  intervals  the  awful  truth  burst  upon 
them  that  an  avalanche  of  timbers,  rocks,  debris 
and  turbid  water  was  pouring  down  upon  the 
pretty  pastor  valley.  Scarcely  had  the  family 
of  Mr.  Patton  reached  safety  on  the  side  of  a 
hill  when  a  wall  of  water  forty  feet  in  height 
poured  past  them,  breaking  from  the  timber  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  above  their  house,  and  spread- 
ing over  the  prairie  farms  to  a  depth  of  four 
feet.  The  track  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  North- 
ern Railroad  was  covered  with  mud  for  the  dis- 
tance of  several  hundred  feet,  trains  being  com- 
pelled to  transfer  passengers  the  following  day 
across  the  break  with  teams.  It  was  a  disaster 
that  would  have  proved  far  more  appaling  had 
the  county  at  the  time  been  more  thickly 
settled. 

At  a  special  election  held  July  6,  1893. 
bonds  to  the  amount  of  $65,000  were  voted  for 
the  purpose  of  liquidating  current  expenses  of 
the  county,  the  necessary  three-fifths  of  the  vot- 
ing population  concurring  in  the  proposition. 
The  State  of  Washington  became  a  purchaser 
of  $20,000  of  these  bonds ;  the  remainder  were 
sold  to  Roberts  Brothers. 

The  heavy  hand  of  financial  disaster  and  the 
"hard  times"  of  1893  fell  upon  the  residents  of 
Stevens  county,  but  this  temporary  depression 
did  not  more  seriously  afifect  them  than  it  did 
those  in  other  localities  throughout  the  country. 
Officially  the  county,  through  the  careful  ad- 
ministration of  Treasurer  Frank  B.  Goetter, 
escaped  a  loss  of  $15,000,  deposited  in  the  Citi- 
zens National  Bank  of  Spokane.  Reviewing 
the  financial  condition  of  the  county  with  some 
attention  Mr.  Goetter  came  to  a  conclusion. 
June  I,  that  he  would  no  longer  entrust  the 
funds  in  his  charge  to  a  foreign  corporation, 
and  he  transferred  his  account  to  the  Bank  of 
Colville  which  had  guaranteed  him  against 
loss.  Within  a  few  days  the  suspension  of  the 
Citizens  National  Bank  of  Spokane  was  an- 
nounced. 

The  following  resume  of  damage  causetl  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


93 


a  wind  storm  of  June  3,  1894,  published  in  the 
Colville  Index  of  the  7th  is  of  interest : 

Last  Sunday  afternoon  about  3  o'clock  a  storm  of 
wind,  rain  thunder  and  lightning  swept  from  south 
to  north  over  the  entire  surface  of  the  county,  laying 
waste  great  forests  of  timber,  destroying  fences,  trun- 
ing  over  houses  and  doing  damage  in  many  other  ways. 
In  Colville  the  storm  was  not  so  severe  as  in  other 
places.  Signs  were  blown  down,  trees  uprooted  in  some 
portions  of  the  city,  but  the  only  damage  to  buildings 
worth  speaking  of  was  the  dislodgment  of  the  front  of 
William  Prindle's  blacksmith  shop. 

At  Kettle  Falls  much  damage  was  wrought  by 
destruction  of  buildings.  The  large  two-story  building 
of  W.  R.  Noteware  was  severed  in  twain,  the  upper 
story  being  swept  away.  The  Curry  block  was  smashed 
by  a  falling  tree,  and  the  hardware  store  building  of 
J.  P.  Fogh  was  injured  very  materially.  The  roof  was 
lifted  from  the  Kettle  Falls  sash  and  door  factory,  and 
a  barn  of  Louis  Blue  was  completely   demolished. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Daisy  and  Harvey  the  force 
of  the  storm  was  terrific.  No  loss  of  life  is  reported, 
but  there  was  much  property  rendered  worthless.  Fay 
Ledgerwood  had  one  horse  killed ;  H.  L.  Childs  sus- 
tained the  loss  of  three  cows ;  Dr.  Weston  had  two  cows 
killed  and  a  number  crippled ;  Mr.  Tipton  had  three 
cows  crippled  and  Fritz  Bowren's  barn  was  blown  over. 
With  relation  to  the  storm  at  Daisy  our  correspondent 
tells  us :  "This  section  of  the  country  is  in  a  deplorable 
condition.  The  roads  are  almost  impassable.  The  best 
of  the  timber  is  destroyed,  the  majority  of  the  trees 
being  broken  off  about  half  way  up  the  tree,  making  them 
useless  except  for  fuel.  The  mails  have  to  be  carried  on 
horseback,  and  the  fact  is  the  whole  Columbia  river 
valley  has  the  appearance  of  having  been  visited  by  a 
Kansas    cyclone." 

In  Echo  Valley  the  roads  are  in  a  terrible  state, 
and  the  authorities  are  exerting  every  effort  to  get  them 
cleared  of  obstructions  as  soon  as  possible.  From  Addy 
our  correspondent  writes  that  much  damage  was  done 
to  small  buildings,  fencing  and  roads.  No  one  has  been 
reported  injured,  but  a  horse  was  found  in  a  mud-hole 
with  a  tree  across  its  prostrate  anatomy,  but  was  nnt 
killed. 

At  Chewelah  the  storm  struck  with  all  the  fury  of 
a  cyclone.  The  fine  forest  of  timber  in  Jenkin's  ad- 
dition was  literally  mowed  to  the  ground  like  grass. 
A  number  of  houses  were  moved  bodily  several  inches 
from  their  foundations,  fences  were  strewn  in  all  direc- 
tions and  many  horses  killed.  The  big  tent  in  which  the 
Free  Methodists  were  holding  services  at  the  time  was 
blown  down,  and  the  throng  of  people  who  had  gathered 
there  had  narrow  escapes  from  death  by  trees  falling. 
The  G.  A.  R.  hall  was  laid  in  ruins  and  is  a  total  loss. 
On  Monday  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  train  was 
delayed  over  an  hour  in  the  timber  a  short  distance 
north   of   town,   owing   to   the   great    numlier   of    fallen 


trees  on  the  track.  The  telegraph  wires  were  broken 
in  several  places  and  communication  was  cut  off  in  all 
directions. 

News  of  the  storm  comes  from  many  other  places, 
but  the  same  results  in  a  much  lighter  degree  are  re- 
ported. It  was  undoubtedly  the  most  disastrous  storm 
that  has  yet  visited  this  portion  of  the  northwest. 

The  year  1894  will  be  memorable  for  a 
flood  of  vast  proportions  swelling  the  Columbia 
river  far  above  the  danger  point.  Nothing  like 
it  had  been  known  before  in  the  history  of  east- 
ern Washingtoh  since  its  settlement  by  whites. 
At  the  Cascades  the  stage  of  water  is  said  to 
have  been  about  the  same  as  at  the  great  flood 
of  1862,  but  this  statement  is  not  supported  by 
evidence  in  the  vicinities  of  Kettle  Falls,  Mar- 
cus and  other  places.  At  Boundary  City  the 
waters  flowed  and  lashed  themselves  furiously 
around  the  city  limits  and  at  Northport  the 
menacing  element  stood  over  a  foot  deep  on  the 
floor  of  the  railway  station.  Many  residents 
removed  to  the  suburbs,  on  higher  ground. 
The  fine  residence  of  Mr.  Bishop  was  sur- 
rounded by  water  to  its  eaves.  The  house  ot 
Hugo  Moser,  with  all  its  furniture  was  swept 
away  down  the  river,  together  with  about  sev- 
enty cords  of  wood.  The  sawmill  and  sheds  of 
the  Northport  Lumber  Company  were  greatly 
damaged  and  much  of  the  lumber  carried  away 
and  irretrievably  lost. 

Railroad  bridges  were  washed  away  at  the 
mouth  of  Onion  creek  and  a  large  portion  of 
the  trackage  temporarily  ruined.  At  the  Little 
Dalles  Peter  Ellensohn's  warehouse  was  com- 
pletely ruined.  Two  miles  of  track  were 
washed  out  at  Seven  Devils,  and  at  Marcus  the 
building  occupied  by  Feldman  &  Company,  as 
well  as  other  stores  and  warehouses,  stood  in  a 
depth  of  two  feet  of  water.  Repairs  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway  cost  $250,- 
000.  As  the  banks  on  the  reservation  side  of 
the  river  are  low  the  loss  to  the  Indians  was 
considerable,  although  no  pecuniary  estimate 
of  this  was  ever  made. 

In  Stevens  county  the  year  1894  witnessed 
a  gratifying  rebound  from  the  disastrous  "hard 


94 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


times."  The  privileges  of  a  cash  market  for 
the  various  products  of  the  county  were  better 
than  ever  before  known.  The  British  Colum- 
bia mining  regions  became  an  unvarying  source 
of  profit  to  the  agricultural  producers  of  the 
northern  portion  of  the  county.  All  varieties 
of  products  were  in  constant  demand,  and  it  is 
a  gratifying  fact  that  the  demand  constantly  in- 
creased as  the  years  went  by.  And  this,  too,  in 
the  face  of  a  heavy  Canadian  tariff  levied  upon 
goods  of  all  descriptions.  But  it  is  a  cash  mar- 
ket, and  the  close  contiguity  of  this  section  of 
the  county  to  the  Canadian  mineral  fields 
greatly  favors  this  section. 

Agitation  for  a  telephone  service  in  the 
county  dates  from  January,  1895.  The  pro- 
moter of  this  enterprise  was  W.  B.  Aris,  of 
Kettle  Falls.  He  procured  the  passage  of  a 
resolution  by  the  county  commissioners  grant- 
ing him  a  franchise  to  construct  and  maintain 
a  system  of  telephone  lines  along  the  public 
highways  of  Stevens  county,  including  all  the 
principal  train  centers.  February  4  the  Inter- 
national Telegraph  and  Telephone  Company 
was  organized  and  articles  of  compact  for- 
warded to  the  secretary  of  state,  at  Olympia. 
Incorporators  and  trustees  were  W.  B.  Aris, 
F.  W.  Sherman,  and  J-  H.  Young.  The  capi- 
tal stock  was  fixed  at  $25,000,  divided  into 
shares  of  $10  each.  Headquarter  offices  were 
located  at  Colville.  February  i  the  organiza- 
tion was  made  permanent  with  W.  B.  Aris,  of 
Kettle  Falls,  president,  J.  Harry  Young,  of 
Colville,  vice-president,  S.  W.  Washburn  and 
F.  W.  Sherman,  of  Kettle  Falls,  secretary  and 
general  manager,  respectively.  The  same  year 
the  company  was  taken  over  by  the  Pacific 
States  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Company, 
which  now  controls  the  same,  reaching  all  the 
principal  points  in  the  county. 

During  the  spring  of  1895  considerable 
complaint  was  heard  on  all  sides  concerning 
alleged  injustice  being  done  the  Indians  by  set- 
tlers in  the  Calispell  Valley,  and  other  portions 
of  the  county.     It  was  claimed  by  a  number  of 


newspaper  correspondents  that  white  settlers 
were  appropriating  Indian  lands.  On  May  4, 
of  that  year  a  correspondent  at  Usk  forwarded 
the  following  item  to  the  Colville  Index : 

"Three  Indians  held  up  three  white  men 
while  hauling  fence  posts  to  fence  their  ranch 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Fend  d'Oreille  river. 
The  case  is  this:  Twenty -three  Indians  claim 
fifty  square  miles  on  that  side  of  the  river. 
When  the  Indians  could  not  stop  the  boys  from 
fencing  their  ranch,  one  renegade  Indian 
named  Sam  took  an  iron  bar  from  beneath  his 
blanket,  then  all  three  rushed  upon  the  boys. 
One  was  lucky  enough  to  have  a  six-shooter, 
so  he  was  able  to  stave  them  off.  The  Indians 
then  started  home  for  their  guns  and  said  that 
they  would  kill  every  one  of  them.  The  boys 
soon  saw  them  coming  with  their  guns  and 
they  had  to  take  to  the  woods  for  protection. 
It  is  about  time  something  is  done  with  these 
'government  pets,'  either  removed  or  placed 
on  other  ranches  so  that  other  settlers  can  have 
some  peace.  It  was  only  last  summer  that  they 
stole  everything  that  they  could  lay  their  hands 
on  while  the  settlers  were  trying  to  save  their 
little  all  from  the  floods,  and  at  that  time  a 
petition  with  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  signers 
was  handed  to  Hon.  John  L.  Wilson  to  have 
the  'pets'  removed.  We  suppose  when  the 
settlers  are  all  robbed  or  murdered  the  govern- 
ment will  then  be  ready  to  settle  with  the  In- 
dians." 

Possibly  it  was  this  article,  but  perhaps 
more  ample  testimony  that  induced  Mr.  Robert 
Fountain  to  publish  the  following  explanatory 
statement  of  existing  conditions  at  that  period : 

Seven  years  ago  this  vallej-  (Calispell)  was  un- 
settled and  almost  unknown,  the  first  settlers  being  com- 
pelled to  hew  a  road  through  dense  forests,  find  in- 
gress through  rough  and  rocky  canyons  and  deep 
swamps.  It  was  due  to  their  invincible  grit  and  enter- 
prise that  the  valley  has  reached  its  present  state  of 
cultivation  and  prosperity.  It  was  supposed  by  the  first 
settlers  that  we  were  outside  of  the  railroad  limit,  but 
the  government  survey  made  three  years  ago  disclosed 
a  contrary  condition,  as  many  who  had  located  here 
found     themselves     on     railroad     land.       Many     hardy 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


95 


pioneers  who  had  located  homesteads  and  pre-emptions, 
thinking  they  had  secured  a  home,  and  made  valuable 
improvements,  on  ascertaining  that  their  land  was  em- 
braced in  the  Northern  Pacific  forty-mile  limit,  became 
discouraged  and  abandoned  their  homes.  Others  re- 
mained, hoping  to  purchase  when  the  land  came  into 
market.  They  had  become  attached  to  the  country  and 
had  great  confidence  in  its  future.  Such  is  a  fair  state- 
ment of  the  conditions  of  the  white  settlers.  Now  as  to 
the  Indians. 

Though  they  are  generally  known  as  Calispels,  out- 
side of  a  few  descendants  of  old  Petoll,  who  died  four 
years  ago,  there  is  not  one  of  them  who  could  be  called 
a  Calispel.  They  are  composed  of  Spokanes,  Nez  Perces, 
and  Flatheads,  and  with  two  exceptions  they  claim  land 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river.  Not  one 
of  them  has  ever  made  an  attempt  to  secure  their  land 
by  filing  since  it  was  open  for  entry  last  May,  and  it 
would  be  hard  to  determine  by  what  right  they  claim 
it.  Some  are  on  railroad  and  others  on  government 
land,  and  when  one  dies  a  stranger  soon  appears  and 
takes  his  place.  A  large  number  of  these  Indians,  un- 
doubtedly, belong  on  some  reservation,  for  they  make 
regular  trips  for  supplies.  The  worst  feature  of  it  is 
that  this  land  is  made  a  rendezvous  for  the  worst  ele- 
ment of  outside  Indians  who  collect  here  in  large  num- 
bers during  the  summer  season,  passing  their  time  in 
gambling,  horse-racing  and  drinking,  to  the  demorali- 
zation of  the  resident  Indians  and  to  the  terror  of  white 
settlers.  Through  the  winter  they  exist  in  a  state  of 
semi-starvation,  very  few  among  them  doing  work  of 
any  kind. 

The  government  has  been  petitioned  to  have  them 
removed  to  some  reservation  and  placed  among  the 
better  class  of  their  people.  It  was  with  this  hope  that 
a  number  of  settlers  who  had  been  left  without  a  home 
settled  on  that  side  of  the  river.  So  long  as  matters  re- 
main in  the  present  condition  troubles  will  occur,  and 
when  the  railroad  lands  come  into  market  trouble  of  a 
more  serious  nature  will  happen.  It  would  be  greatly 
to  the  benefit  of  the  Indians  if  they  were  removed,  for 
there  is  no  hope  of  their  advancement  so  long  as  they 
are  here.  They  are  a  burden  to  the  country  and  an 
agent  who  would  look  to  their  interest  would  take  them 
away.  The  Indians  themeselves  would  profit  by  the 
change  and  a  frightful  incubus  would  be  removed  from 
this    beautiful    valley. 

During  the  fall  of  1896  another  abortive 
attempt  was  made  to  remove  the  capital  of 
Stevens  county  from  Colville.  This  scheme  was 
on  a  most  elaborate  and  magnificent  scale.  It 
included  the  complete  organization  of  a  new 
town  to  be  called  Stevens,  located  near  Kettle 
Falls,  which  Phoenix  like  citv  was  to  embrace 


both  Kettle  Falls  and  Marcus  as  suburbs,  the 
erection  of  a  $10,000  court  house,  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  smelter  and  water  power  to 
supply  nearly  the  whole  county.  This  plan  was 
under  the  auspices  of  "The  Stevens  County 
Land  &  Improvement  Company,"  capitalized 
for  $500,000,  and  officered  by  Colonel  I.  N. 
Peyton,  Former  Senator  George  Turner,  Colo- 
nel W.  W.  D.  Turner,  Chris  McDonald,  of 
Rossland,  Custom  Collector  Martin  J.  Malony, 
of  Northport,  Mark  P.  Shaffer,  of  Springdale 
and  Eber  C.  Smith.  The  latter  was  to  be  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  company.  A  weekly  news- 
paper, "The  Stevens  Standard,"  was  started  in 
furtherance  of  the  project.  The  town  of 
Stevens  was  platted  and  it  was  the  announced 
purpose  of  the  company  to  adopt  a  liberal  policy 
toward  all  persons  who  might  decide  to  locate 
there,  not  only  by  the  donation  of  lots  but  by 
making  the  prices  for  real  estate  and  water 
power  reasonable.  But  on  October  9,  1896,  the 
county  commissioners  decided  in  the  matter  of 
Mark  P.  Shaffer,  and  others,  petitioning  for  a 
submission  of  the  proposition  of  removal  to  the 
people,  that  the  petition  had  not  been  filed  in 
time  for  the  county  auditor  to  give  the  required 
statutory  notice  to  the  electors  of  the  county, 
and  accordingly  dismissed  the  petition.  Only 
one  building  in  the  proposed  new  town  of 
Stevens  was  erected.  Some  of  the  original 
projectors,  however,  still  own  a  portion  of  the 
land.  "The  Standard,"  which  published  only 
a  few  issues,  was  printed  in  Kettle  Falls.  Thus 
passed  into  history  the  last  effort  to  remove  the 
capital  of  Stevens  county. 

During  the  same  year  an  area  of  country 
comprising  about  twelve  square  miles  of  terri- 
tory, including  the  Flat  Creek  country,  on  the 
Indian  reservation,  was  the  scene  of  a  most  dis- 
astrous forest  fire.  The  locality  was  heavily 
timbered  and  the  loss  in  valuable  forestry  was 
great.  So  dense  and  threatening  were  the 
flames  that  a  number  of  miners,  the  Ledger- 
wood  Brothers.  Frank  Goodwin,  E.  D.  Miner 


96 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  others,  were  driven  to  places  of  safety, 
many  losing  heavily  in  buildings,  camp  supplies 
and  implements. 

The  following  spring,  1897,  the  Colville 
river  broke  from  its  banks  and  created  consid- 
erable havoc  among  the  settlers  along  the  lower 
levels  of  the  valley. 

In  the  fall  of  this  year  a  new  county  court 
house  appeared  a  desideratum  devoutly  to  be 
wished.  Accordingly  a  meeting  was  held  at 
Colville,  Saturday  evening,  October  9,  for  the 
furtherance  of  the  plan.  The  following  com- 
mittee of  representative  business  men  was  ap- 
pointed, and  the  project  was  in  full  swing: 
Jacob  Stitsel,  C.  W.  Winter,  Fred  Hoss,  H.  G. 
Kirkpatrick,  E.  M.  Denny,  C.  R.  McMillan  and 
John  Hofstetter.  Subscribers  to  the  stock  of 
the  new  enterprise  were  : 

Fred  Hoss,  $200;  J.  M.  Stevens,  $100;  F. 
Barman,  $250;  Jacob  Stitzel,  $100;  John  B. 
Slater,  $100;  R.  E.  Lee,  $100;  Frank  B.  Goet- 
ter,  $125;  J.  P.  Hessel,  $75;  G.  M.  Welty, 
$100;  Frank  Habein,  $50;  JuHus  Pohle,  $50; 
Louis  Perras,  $50;  V.  Lemery,  $50;  C.  A. 
Mantz,  $50;  Thomas  Aspend,  $40;  Charles 
Lutt,  $50;  W.  D.  Allen,  $50;  H.  G.  Kirk- 
patrick, $50;  P.  H.  Graham,  $10;  C.  R. 
McMillan,  $50;  Mrs.  L.  Flugel,  $50;  Mrs.  J. 
M.  Mohney,  $100;  Swan  Nelson,  $10;  J.  U. 
Hofstetter,  $150;  L.  Rusch,  $60;  R.  M. 
Thomas,  $20;  George  Thomas,  $120;  Henry 
Oakes,  $100;  George  Theis,  $50;  Edward  Gib- 
son, $25 ;  H.  W.  Sacher,  $25 ;  W.  Schmalzer, 
$15;  J.  G.  O.  Mayer,  $50;  E.  J.  Layton,  $25; 
Paul  Battrich,  $15;  John  Hoist,  $25;  J.  D. 
Burris,  $15;  Frank  Rutter,  $25;  John  Rickey, 
$50 ;  James  Fee,  $25  ;  Gardner  &  Baker  $25. 

With  this  nucleus  for  a  fund  for  the  pro- 
posed new  edifice  ground  was  broken  Tuesday, 
November  2,  1897,  and  work  was  pushed  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  It  was  evident  that  the 
people  were  in  earnest  and  contributions  to  the 
fund  continued  to  come  in.  Permission  to  build 
the  structure  and  turn  it  over  to  the  county  for 
official   purposes   only   was   secured    from  the 


commissioners,  the  building  to  be  erected  on 
block  14,  in  the  town  of  Colville,  to  be  a  two- 
story  building,  of  brick,  in  size  40x80  feet.  The 
building  was  destined,  however,  to  be  turned 
over  to  the  county  before  completion.  August 
18,  1898,  the  following  proposition  was  made 
by  the  projectors  and  promoters  of  the  plan : 

"The  undersigned,  citizens  of  Colville  and 
committee  on  court  house  building,  would  re- 
spectfully submit  the  following :  That  the  citi- 
zens of  Colville  and  vicinity  have  contributed  :n 
cash,  subscriptions,  material  and  labor  sufficient 
to  erect  a  court  house  for  Stevens  county  on 
block  14,  original  town  of  Colville,  the  title 
of  said  block  being  vested  in  said  county;  we 
would  further  represent  that  we  have  a  suffic- 
ient amount  of  means  to  enclose  said  building 
and  that  the  roof  will  be  complete;  that  we 
are  not  in  a  position  to  finish  it  at  the  present 
time ;  that  we  estimate  the  cost  of  finishing  the 
building  according  to  plans  and  specifications, 
including  plastering,  painting,  and  windows 
and  work  necessary,  at  about  $1,600;  that 
knowing  the  great  need  of  a  building  for  court 
house  purposes,  we  are  now  ready  to  turn  over 
the  same  to  your  honorable  body,  for  Stevens 
county,  aiming  to  place  on  the  roof,  as  stated, 
by  a  proper  effort;  that  the  building  can  be 
completed  within  the  next  sixty  days  or  sooner ; 
that  we  have  lath  sufficient  for  the  building  and 
$100  paid  toward  the  flooring;  that  all  bills 
contracted  by  said  committee  for  material  and 
labor  will  be  paid  in  full,  except  the  bill  for 
windows  and  doors  that  have  not  yet  been  de- 
livered; and  that  all  subscriptions  remaining 
unpaid  after  all  payments  of  indebtedness  con- 
tracted by  said  committee  will  be  turned  over  to 
the  county. 

"C.  W.  Winter. 
"(Signed)  "Fred  Hoss. 

"Jacob  Stitzel." 

1 

This  proposition  was  accepted  by  the 
county,  John  U.  Hofstetter,  C.  W.  Winter, 
Fred  Hoss,  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick  and  Jacob  Stitzel 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


97 


named  as  a  committee  to  take  charge  of  the 
completion  of  the  work,  and  the  same  season 
the  court  house,  a  handsome  edifice  in  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  town  of  Colville,  was  occu- 
pied by  the  county  officials. 

In  this  connection  it  is  well  to  indulge  in  a 
ret  jspective  glance  at  the  old  town  of  Pinkney 
City,  the  original  county  seat.  For  maiay  years 
the  town  of  Colville  had  been  in  possession  of 
the  c  pital.  An  item  from  the  Statesman- 
Index,  of  date  October  8,  1897,  puts  in  a  short 
space  the  obituary  of  Pinkney  City  : 

"The  residence  of  Adam  Arnold  was  totally 
destroyed  by  fire  at  about  ten  o'clock  to-day. 
Only  a  portion  of  the  household  goods  were 
saved.  This  is  the  last  of  the  historic  'Old 
Town,'  the  little  burg  near  old  Fort  Colville, 
Mr.  Arnold's  house  being  the  last  habitable 
building  there." 

It  will  have  been  observed  in  the  perusal 
of  this  and  the  preceding  chapter,  devoted  to 
the  material  progress  of  Stevens  county  since 
its  earliest  days,  that  such  progress  has  in- 
creased in  a  most  gratifying  ratio  each  succes- 
sive j^ear.  There  has  been  no  backward  step. 
Monetary  depression  in  1893-4  was  not 
greater,  and  the  recovery  more  sudden,  than 
in  many  other  of  her  sister  counties  in  the 
state.  Great  natural  resources  and  immediate 
proximity  to  what  might  be  termed  the  local 
markets  of  the  Canadian  mineral  fields  have 
largely  contributed  to  these  conditions.  The 
subject  of  current  events  has  been  treated  with 
rather  close  attention  to  chronology,  but  the 
object  in  so  doing  was,  mainly,  to  avoid  any 
confusion  of  dates  in  the  mind  of  the  reader. 
Nothing  so  embarrasses  the  student  of  history 
as  an  abrupt  relapse  to  former  incidents  which 
might,  with  ordinary  care  and  foresight,  have 
been  carried  along  in  their  proper  chronological 
order.  The  same  increasing  ratio  of  advance- 
ment and  prosperity  will  be  noticed  in  the  suc- 
cessive chapters  and  the  wonderful  improve- 
ment in  a  large  variety  of  industries  will  be 
treated  as  fairly  and  candidly  as  careful  re- 
7 


search  and  painstaking  verification  can  accom- 
plish. 

The  humane  and  judicious  care  of  the  poor 
of  any  community  should  invariably  appeal  to 
all  county  and  municipal  officials.  Until  the 
spring  of  1899  no  suitable  provision  had  been 
made  by  the  Stevens  county  commissioners  in 
the  way  of  a  poor  farm :  the  exclusive  property 
of  the  county.  These  unfortunates  had  in  no- 
wise been  neglected  so  far  as  their  personal 
comfort  was  concerned.  But  as  yet  land  for 
poor  farm  purposes  had  not  been  secured.  In 
April  the  commissioners  purchased  160  acres 
of  land  three  miles  northeast  of  Colville.  The 
price  paid  was  $1,800.  It  is  bench  land,  well 
watered  and  adapted  to  the  growth  of  vari- 
ous grains,  fruits  and  vegetables.  W.  A.  Harb- 
ison, of  Clugston,  was  employed  as  superin- 
tendent who,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Harbison,  re- 
ceived a  salary  of  $700  per  annum.  Buildings 
were  subsequently  erected  and  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  land  placed  under  cultivation.  In 
the  fall  of  1899  the  treasury  of  the  county  was 
increased  by  the  payment,  from  Ferry  county, 
of  $16,872,  being  her  share  of  joint  indebted- 
ness at  the  period  of  the  formation  of  Ferry, 
that  territory  having  been  the  last  to  be  am- 
putated from  the  once  magnificent  domain  of 
Stevens  county.  The  summer  of  1900  was 
made  notable  by  a  succession  of  forest  fires 
throughout  the  Colville  valley  and  in  other 
sections.  From  these  the  vicinity  of  Spring- 
dale  suffered  to  a  greater  extent,  perhaps,  than 
other  localities.  The  Chewelah  district,  also, 
lost  heavily.  The  origin  of  these  fires  was  at- 
tributed to  the  carelessness  of  campers  and 
sparks  from  railroad  engines.  Fortunately  the 
advent  of  welcome  rainfalls  contributed  to  the 
subjugation  of  these  devastating  flames. 

The  statutes  of  the  state  classifying  coun- 
ties according  to  population  provide  that  a 
county  having  a  population  of  10,000  and  less 
than  12,000  shall  be  known  as  a  county  of  the 
fifteenth  class.  To  such  a  station  had  Stevens 
county   attained    in    December.    1900,    having 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


been  raised  by  the  census  from  the  nineteenth 
class.  The  same  law  provides  that  salaries  of 
county  ofificers  shall  be  increased  accordingly, 
and  they  were  fixed  as  follows  :  Auditor,  $145° ! 
Clerk,  $1350;  Treasurer,  $1450;  Sheriff, 
$1450;  Attorney,  $1300;  School  Superinten- 
dent, $1100. 

The  census  of  1900.  by  precincts,  accorded 
Stevens  county  the  following  population : 

Bossburg,  including  Bossburg  village 
(247)  471;  Boundary,  74;  Calispell,  219; 
Chewelah,  614;  Clayton,  189;  Clugston,  295; 
Columbia,  297;  Colville,  including  Colville 
town,  (594)  1 160;  Daisy,  295;  Deep  Creek, 
65;  Diamond  Lake,  125;  Fertile  Valley,  117; 
Flat  Creek,  52;  Forest  Center,  74;  Harvey, 
185;  lone,  9;  Kettle  Falls,  including  Kettle 
Falls  town,  (297)  404:  Lake  Creek,  131  ;  Lit- 
tle Dalles,  63;  Loon  Lake,  280;  McLaughlin, 
227;  Marcus,  219;  Metaline,  12;  Meyers  Falls, 
370;  Mt.  Corbin,  120;  Newport,  453;  North- 
port,  including  Northport  city,  (787)  845  ;  Old 
Dominion,  11;  Riverside,  217;  Rock  Cut,  39; 
Springdale,  267 :  Spring  Valley,  809 ;  Stensger, 
395;  Theris,  356;  Walker's  Prairie,  94;  White 
Lake,  330;  Williams  Valley,  71:  Spokane  In- 
dian Reservation,  589;  Total,  10,543. 

The  initiatory  efforts  in  the  way  of  a 
county  fair  association  were  made  in  May, 
1902.  With  the  many  and  varied  industries  in 
this  county  and  the  recognized  enterprise  of 
her  residents,  it  is  a  matter  of  surprise  that  the 
project  so  long  lay  dormant.  The  unqualified 
success  of  the  fair  held  during  the  closing  days 
of  Septemter,  1903.  addressed  by  Governor 
Henry  McBride,  accentuate  the  truth  of  this 
proposition.  But  the  original  "fair  meeting" 
which  imparted  an  impetus  to  these  agricul- 
tural, stock  and  industrial  expositions  was  held 
at  Colville  in  May,  1902.  Jacob  Stitzel  was 
made  temporary  chairman  and  W.  H.  Sparks 
secretary.  To  incorporate  the  association  and 
act  as  trustees  until  a  permanent  organization 
could  lie  effected  Messrs.  Oakes,  Knapp  and 
Teeple  were  named  as  a  committee.    It  was  tlie 


sense  of  this  meeting,  subsequently  carried  into 
execution,  to  incorporate  the  association  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $20,000,  with  shares  at  $2 
each.  The  organization  was  named  the  "Stev- 
ens County  Producers  Association,"  and  the 
trustees  were  authorized  to  receive  bids  from 
the  different  towns  in  the  county  for  the  place 
of  holding  the  fair.  Thus  the  matter  remained 
until  August  9,  when  it  was  decided  to  hold  the 
initial  exposition  at  Meyers  Falls,  September 
26,  27,"  28,  which  was  accordingly  done,  and 
the  first  annual  fair  of  the  Stevens  County  Pro- 
ducers Association  passed  into  history.  Ex- 
hibits of  every  description  were  above  the  aver- 
age in  quality,  the  fruit  display  being  especially 
fine.  Throughout  the  three  days'  continuation 
of  the  fair  the  attendance  was  fully  up  to  the 
expectations  of  the  most  sanguine. 

In  August  of  this  year,  1902,  one  of  the 
most  important  industries  of  the  county  met 
with  a  great  disaster.  The  story  is  graphically 
told  in  the  columns  of  the  Stevens  County 
Reveille : 

.-^s  a  result  of  fire  which  suddenly  engulfed  the  big 
saw  and  planing  mill  of  the  Winslow  Lumber  Manu- 
facturing Company,  situated  three  miles  south  of  Col- 
ville, last  Tuesday,  August  12,  all  that  is  left  of  the 
largest  lumbering  plant  in  eastern  Washington  is  a  pile 
of  smouldering  ruins — a  chaos  of  iron  and  steel  ma- 
chinery warped  beyond  repair. 

The  origin  of  the  fire  is  not  known,  but  it  is  be- 
lieved to  have  been  due  to  spontaneous  combustion.  The 
mill  had  been  shut  down  for  the  noon  hour  and  the  men 
had  had  scarcely  time  to  comfortably  seat  themselves 
at  dinner  when  the  alarm  of  fire  was  sounded.  The 
employees  are  thoroughly  organized  into  a  very  efficient 
fire  department,  but  before  they  could  reach  their  posts 
the  flames  had  enveloped  the  entire  machinery  building. 
Access  to  the  engine  room  was  cut  oflf  and  pumps  dis- 
abled, leaving  the  men  helpless  to  combat  the  terrible 
heat.  The  sun  was  intensely  hot,  and  it  seemed  im- 
possible to  stay  the  tide  of  impending  conflagration. 
Less  than  cwo  hundred  feet  away,  piled  over  acres  of 
ground  to  the  westward  was  nearly  three  million  feet 
of  lumber.  The  men  rushed  into  a  veritable  firery  furn- 
ace, without  water  and  other  protection,  and  by  sheer 
force  and  determination  tore  away  the  broad  wooden 
tramways  of  lumber  upon  the  yards.  Within  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  of  the  burning  mills  stood  the  dry 
kiln  which  was,  also,  saved  from  destruction.  There  is 
no  telephonic  communication  between  the  mill  and  Col- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


99 


ville,  and  the  first  known  of  the  fire  were  reports  brought 
in  by  passengers  on  the  northbound  train.  Immediately 
€very  available  conveyance  hurriedly  carried  people  from 
the  city  to  the  scene  of  the  fire,  but  help  from  this 
source  came  too  late.  Within  twenty  minutes  from  the 
time  of  the  first  alarm  of  fire  the  building  was  in  ruins. 
The  mill  is  owned  by  the  Winslow  Lumber  Manu- 
facturing Company,  a  corporation  capitalized  at  $50,000, 
and  was  built  about  two  years  ago  at  a  cost  of  $25,000. 
It  had  a  capacity  of  75,000  feet  of  lumber  per  diem. 
Insurance  on  the  machinery  is  said  to  have  been  less 
than  25  per  cent,  of  the  cost,  but  a  larger  portion 
covered  the  lumber  in  the  yards  which  was  uninjured. 

This  mill  was  subsequently  rebuilt. 

Since  the  admission  of  Washington  as  a 
state  the  subject  of  a  Pioneers  organization  in 
Stevens  county  has  been  agitated  throughout 
the  successive  years,  but  without  result.  As 
there  were  no  annual  county  fairs  there  were, 
consequently,  no  meetings  of  any  great  number 
of  the  earliest  settlers  at  one  time  and  at  one 
place.  Concerted  action  could  not  be  taken.  At 
the  fair  at  Meyers  Falls,  unquestionably,  the 
subject  was  rejuvenated,  and  this  is  the  testi- 
mony of  a  number  of  the  oldest  residents  of  the 
county.  Enthusiasm  begets  enthusiasm,  and 
the  attrition  of  a  number  of  the  more  prominent 
pioneers  of  the  county  awakened  an  interest 
that  finally  found  expression   in  practical  re- 


sults. On  Wednesday,  September  30,  1903, 
the  pioneers  of  Stevens  county  assembled  at 
the  fair  grounds  in  Colville  and  organized  the 
"Stevens  County  Pioneer  Society."  Jacob  Stit- 
zel  was  selected  chairman  of  the  meeting  and 
S.  F.  Sherwood,  secretary.  A  temporary  or- 
ganization was  formed  and  a  committee  ap- 
pointed to  draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws  to 
be  submitted  at  a  later  date,  when  the  organiza- 
tion should  be  made  permanent.  It  was  de- 
cided that  all  persons  were  eligible  to  member- 
ship who  were  residents  of  Washington  at  the 
time  of  its  admission  to  statehood  and  who 
were  at  present  residents  of  Stevens  county. 
The  committee  on  constitution  and  by-laws 
selected  were  C.  H.  Montgomery,  Chewelah; 
Fay  Ledgerwood,  Columbia  River;  Mrs.  C.  B, 
Ide,  Colville;  John  Rickey,  Colville:  Mrs.  Ida 
Fedder,  Meyers  Falls;  G.  W.  Harvey,  Harvey; 
John  Keough,  White  Lake;  John  B.  Slater, 
Colville. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  the  organiza- 
tion was  made  permanent,  and  the  county  now 
has  a  society  which  will  contribute  greatly  to 
the  preservation  of  historical  data  of  this  most 
fertile  and  productive  succession  of  valleys. 


CHAPTER    III. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


It  is  to  the  Stevens  county  of  to-day,  and  to 
the  resources  lying  within  its  modern  limits, 
that  we  wish  to  direct  the  attention  of  the 
reader.  The  mutations  of  time  and  the  exi- 
gencies of  various  periods  have  gradually  re- 
duced her  original  territory,  at  one  time  em- 
bracing many  of  the  principal  counties  of  east- 
ern ^^'ashington,  to  a  present  area  of  3.945 


square  miles,  or  2,524,800  acres.  Yet  within 
this  area,  still  generous  and  expansive,  will  be 
found  a  greater  variety  of  natural  resources 
than  will  be  exploited  in  any  other  county 
division  west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  if  not  in 
tlie  United  States.  To  recapitulate  them  here 
would  prove  a  work  of  supererogation  for 
nearlv  all  of  them  are  treated  elsewhere  in  their 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


proper  order  and  in  volume  commensurate  with 
their  importance. 

Stevens  county  occupies  tlie  extreme  nortli- 
eastern  portion  of  the  state.  The  average  width 
from  east  to  west  is  about  fifty-live  miles.  The 
extreme  length  north  and  south  is  about  eighty 
miles.  This  includes  the  Spokane  Indian  reser- 
Vcition.  Topographically  the  county  is  moun- 
tainous, divided  into  three  distinct  sections,  or 
more  properly  valleys,  separated  by  low  moun- 
tain ranges,  the  general  trend  of  which  is  north 
and  south.  These  three  districts  are  known  as 
the  Calispell  country,  to  the  eastward ;  the  Col- 
ville  valley,  the  central  portion  of  the  county, 
and  the  Columbia  river  country,  lying  west  of 
the  Huckleberry  mountains  and  forming,  with 
the  Columbia  river,  the  division  between  Stev- 
ens and  Ferry  counties.  The  average  altitude 
of  the  county  is  about  nineteen  hundred  feet, 
Loon  Lake  being  the  highest,  2,440  feet,  and 
Northport  the  lowest  with  an  altitude  of  1,350 
feet.  Springdale  has  an  altitude  of  2,100,  and 
Colville  of  1,602  feet. 

It  is  not  from  abstract  facts  and  figures  that 
an  adequate  idea  of  the  superlative  attractive- 
ness of  Stevens  county  can  be  obtained.  The 
natural  scenery  lying  along  the  three  principal 
valleys  mentioned  will  amply  reward  the  busi- 
ness visitor  or  pleasure  tourist.  And  it  must 
be  seen,  traversed  and  investigated  to  be  duly 
ajipreciated.  It  is  not  alone  the  scenery  or  the 
buuntiful  productiveness  of  this  region  that 
will  attract  attention,  but  the  eye  of  the  ex- 
pectant settler  will  readily  grasp  the  full  sig- 
nificance of  its  accessibility  to  the  best  local 
markets  in  the  west.  To  the  north  and  north- 
west are  the  great  mining  districts  which  are 
today  attracting  the  attention  of  the  entire 
union,  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  from  the 
Gulf  coast  and  from  the  Pacific.  Innumerable 
supplies  for  these  Canadian  camps  must,  per- 
force, pass  through  Stevens  county,  and  it  at 
once  Ijecomes  evident  to  the  traveler  in  this 
favored  locality  that  the  farmer  can  find  himself 
in  no  more  substantial  location. 


Extending  through  the  county,  longitudi- 
nally, is  the  beautiful  Colville  valley,  historic 
ground  of  eastern  W'ashington.  It  is  from 
three  to  five  miles  in  width.  Although  its 
principal  industries  are  confined  to  grain,  fruit, 
hay  and  stock  raising,  it  contains  a  number  of 
valuable  mines  and  the  richest  marble  quarries 
in  the  world.  Along  the  Columbia  river,  to 
the  west,  in  a  valley  varying  from  three  to  fif- 
teen miles  in  width,  is  found  a  profusion  of  the 
finest  orchard  products  known  to  the  west ;  it  is 
the  glorious  horticultural  domain  of  eastern 
Washington.  Over  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  county,  in  the  Pend  d'Oreille  valley,  lies 
a  country  famous  for  its  production  of  fine 
stock  and  enormous  crops  of  hay.  It  is  also, 
emphatically,  the  dairy  region  of  the  county. 
Here  are  some  of  the  finest  natural  meadows 
in  the  state. 

But  the  agricultural  lands  of  this  county  are. 
by  no  means,  confined  to  these  three  principal 
valleys.  Many  of  the  smaller  streams  and  can- 
yons which  lead  upward  into  the  higher  alti- 
tudes broaden  into  expansive  bench  lands  and 
some  of  the  choicest  stock,  fruit  and  agricul- 
tural locations  are  to  be  found  among  them. 
Along  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river  lie  extensive 
bench  lands  whose  possibilities,  appreciated  by 
the  speculative  mind,  gladden  the  eye  of  the 
prospective  settler.  .\t  present  the  larger  por- 
tions of  these  locations  are  covered  with  val- 
uable timber.  Once  cleared  they  become  amongf 
the  most  productive  lands  in  the  country.  The 
timber  is  abundant  and  of  excellent  commercial 
varieties,  such  as  yellow  pine,  the  prevailing" 
growth,  fir,  tamarack  and  cedar.  To  the  mind 
of  the  practical  lumberman  these  facts  will 
appeal  with  great  weight.  From  the  experience 
of  the  past  he  can  reason  of  the  future;  he 
knows  the  rapidly  increasing  limitations  of 
forest  reserves  and  the  steadily  advancing  price 
at  which  timber  lands  are  held.  The  diurnal, 
and  in  busy  seasons  the  nocturnal  whirr  of 
hundreds  of  saw  mills  are  heard  throughout  the 
county.     Yet  these  great  machines  are  but  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


pathfinders  for  advancing  tides  of  agricultural 
immigrants  who  will  soon  follow  with  the 
seeder,  the  harrow  and  the  header.  For  several 
years  past  these  suggestions  have  been  amply 
and  practically  illustrated  by  established  facts. 
As  an  old  agricultural  district  in  eastern  Wash- 
ington, Stevens  ranks  next  to  Walla  Walla 
county.  It  is  no  theoretical  question  that  lies 
before  the  pioneers  of  this  section.  Behind 
them  are  years  of  actual  demonstration. 

The  excellence  of  its  roads  and  highways  is 
a  predominating  feature  of  this  county.  In  this 
there  has  been  wonderful  advancement  since 
the  days  when  Lieutenant  Mullan  was  labori- 
ously cutting  a  military  road  between  Forts 
Walla  Walla  and  Benton,  in  1858.  Probably 
there  is  not  one  man  in  Stevens  county  who  ever 
sat  in  a  "good  roads"  convention.  And  yet, 
considered  as  purely  public  highways  for  com- 
mercial purposes  the  roads  here  are  unsurpassed 
by  those  of  any  other  section.  Money  has 
been  expended  upon  them  lavishly,  and  the  in- 
terest taken  in  such  enterprises  has  been  keen 
and  earnest.  The  taxpayers  have  been  far- 
sighted  and  financially  acute  to  such  advan- 
tages. The  question  of  transportation  has  ever 
been  a  live  one  with  the  people,  and  serious. 
And  wherever  the  cost  of  hauling  a  ton  of 
produce  to  the  railway  station  for  the  purpose 
of  delivering  it  F.  O.  B.  could  be  reduced  it  has 
been  done,  and  done  cheerfully.  It  is  the  testi- 
mony of  Francis  Wolfif,  one  of  the  earliest  of 
Stevens  county  pioneers,  who  came  across  the 
Rocky  Mountains  in  1853,  with  Governor 
Stevens,  that  in  those  days  when  the  people 
Avanted  a  road  they  haggled  not  with  county 
commissioners  but  forthwith  proceeded  to 
shoulder  their  axes  and  make  it.  Such  is  the 
predominating  spirit  to  this  day.  And  on  every 
hand,  east,  west,  north  and  south,  it  is  exempli- 
fied in  excellent  public  highways  to  a  gratifying 
extent. 

Along  these  roads,  where  one  can  enjoy  the 
pleasantest  drives  imaginable,  a  most  satisfying 
idea  of  the  manifold  beauties  of  Stevens  county 


can  be  obtained.  It  is  not  from  car  windows 
that  the  actualities  and  possibilities  of  any  pro- 
ductive locality  can  be  seen  to  the  best  advan- 
tage. The  exigencies  of  railroad-making  often 
compel  a  line  to  be  run  through  the  most  deso- 
late sections  of  such  a  country.  The  fairer 
portions  are  usually  "just  over  the  hill,  the 
bluff  or  the  mountain."  But  in  quiet,  reflective 
drives  through  peaceful  valleys,  by  tinkling 
brooks,  or  in  silent,  sombre  woodlands,  one  can 
thoroughly  assimilate  the  beauties  of  the 
scenery,  acquire  local  color,  and  come  in  touch 
with  the  heart-throbs  of  the  people  with 
whom  he  desires  to  mingle  on  an  equal  foot- 
ing and  with  equal  facilities  to  learn  their 
true  conditions.  It  is  in  such  drives  through 
the  Stevens  county  valleys  that  a  glorious 
panorama  of  ever  changing  beauties  unfolds 
before  him.  It  is  a  series  of  pastoral  pictures 
that  greet  the  traveler's  eye,  varying  with  the 
seasons.  From  seed  time  to  harvest,  and  from 
harvest  to  spring  the  aspect  of  this  agricultural 
country  continually  presents  a  new  and  inspir- 
ing view.  And  the  traveler  realizes  that  each 
month  the  country  is  growing  richer ;  richer  in 
material  products;  richer  in  thought,  experi- 
ence and  substantiality. 

Should  the  tourist's  road  lead  through  the 
majestic  forests  the  ring  of  the  swamper's  axe 
will  alternate  with  the  flute-note  of  some  wild 
bird,  or  the  stirring,  exhilirating  drum  of  the 
partridge.  Then  silence  for  a  distance,  and 
then  the  whirr  of  a  lumber  mill  will  sharply  ac- 
centuate the  difiference  between  solitude  in  the 
"forests  primeval,"  and  the  restless  industry  of 
man.  For  it  is  not  in  the  broil  and  moil  of 
city  life  that  the  actual  producing  industries  of 
our  country  are  carried  on.  Far  from  it.  There 
they  are  simply  living  one  upon  the  other;  a 
vast  throng  of  non-producing  bumble-bees, 
more  remarkable  for  their  ceaseless  hum  than 
for  honey.  It  is  here,  back  in  the  mountains, 
the  woodlands,  the  meadows  and  the  harvest 
fields  that  the  farmer,  the  miner,  the  stockman 
and  the  fruit  grower  are  supporting  them  all. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Albeit  our  Stevens  county  traveler — by  pri- 
vate conveyance — would  fain  forget  for  a  while 
the  rush,  roar  and  hustle  of  conflicting  com- 
mercial interests,  and  turn  to  sports  afield. 
They  abound  on  every  hand.  Mr.  S.  Fred 
Sherwood,  of  Colville,  an  ardent  and  true 
sportsman,  one  who  has  hunted  from  the 
Catskills  to  the  Olympics,  in  Central  and  South 
America  and  other  countries,  ranks  as  one  of 
the  leading  authorities  in  the  country  on  fauna. 
He  says  that  Stevens  county  stands  peerless 
in  the  profusion  of  bear,  deer  and  lesser  game. 
On  the  Columbia  moimtains  and  in  many  other 
portions  of  the  county  range  the  beautiful 
black-tail,  or  Columbia  deer,  as  well  as  Virginia 
or  mule-deer ;  black,  brown  and  silver-tip  bears 
are  the  easy  prey  of  the  skillful  sportsman  in 
all  the  mountains  and  valleys.  Caribou  is  also 
found,  but  principally  in  the  Metaline  district 
and  the  Calispell  country.  Smaller  game 
abounds  represented  by  the  blue  grouse,  sharp- 
tail  grouse,  or  prairie  chicken,  ruff  grouse, 
commonly  called  pheasant,  and  spruce  partridge 
or  fool  hen.  All  of  these  birds  of  the  gallina- 
ceous species  are  found  in  abundance  through- 
out the  valleys  of  the  rivers  and  the  creeks  of 
the  canyons.  And  a  bird  not  indigenous  to 
all  localities  in  the  state  appears  in  small  num- 
bers in  Stevens  county,  a  bird  that  has  been 
removed  by  Tennyson  from  its  humble  coverts 
into  the  classic  niche  of  fame. 


'Tis  the  place,  and  all  around  it,  as  of  old  | 

the  curlews  call, 
Dreary   gleams   about   the   moorland    flying  | 

over    Locksley   Hall. 


There  are.  also,  the  upland  plover,  and  in 
the  bottoms  the  rail  and  rare  and  gamey  jack- 
snipe.  The  latter  is  the  true  sportsman's  de- 
light, for  it  is  an  exceedingly  active  bird,  diffi- 
cult to  capture  and  must,  invariably,  be  shot  on 
the  wing.  While  the  jacksnipe  is  a  migra- 
tory bird,  it  has  been  known  to  nest  and  winter 
in  Stevens  county.  Throughout  the  swampy 
portions  of  the  valleys  and  in  the  lakes  abound 


many  varieties  of  wild  geese  and  ducks.  Here 
are  found  in  the  spring  and  autumn  months 
the  Canadian,  spot-breasted  gray  goose,  white 
goose,  or  brant,  sand-hill  crane  and  swan.  The 
evening  flight  of  wild  ducks,  together  with  the 
appropriate  mise  en  scene,  recall  Bryant's 
pastoral — 

Vain  might  the  fowler  mark  thy  distant  flight  to 
do  thee  wrong. 

Not  in  vain,  however,  in  this  section  of  the 
country.  It  is  popular  opinion  that  every  fish- 
erman should  carry  a  gun,  so  plentiful  are  wild 
ducks.  To  the  skillful  sportsman  the  canvas- 
back,  redhead,  mallard,  blue-wingteal,  green- 
wingteal,  widgeon  and  other  varieties  of 
ducks  are  easy  prey  and  gamey  sport.  Trout 
fishing  throughout  the  county  is  unexcelled. 
All  of  the  numerous  streams  abound  in  this 
variety  of  the  finny  tribe  peculiar  to  the  region 
of  the  Rockies.  The  principal  species,  however, 
is  the  rainbow  trout,  although  other  varieties 
of  brook  and  mountain  trout  are  often  among 
a  good  day's  catch. 

Concerning  the  resources  of  the  lower  Pend 
d'Oreille  river,  Stevens  county,  the  following- 
article  from  the  pen  of  a  well-known  writer  and 
correspondent  conveys  an  adequate  and  con- 
servati\e  view  of  that  picturesque  country : 

".\  great  country  with  a  great  future ;"  such  is  the 
expression  from  every  one  who  gives  himself  the  pleas-^ 
ure  of  the  journey  from  Newport.  Washington,  by 
steamboat  on  the  lovely  and  incomparable  river,  the 
Pend  d'Oreille,  to  Box  Canyon,  a  distance  of  about 
fifty-four  miles.  The  river  for  the  first  thirty  miles  runs 
through  a  country  now  well-known  and  partly  settled, 
and  is  the  highway  to  the  njining  districts  of  Bead  and 
Marshall  Lakes,  the  open  and  fertile  Calispell  Valley, 
famous  for  its  hay  and  butter,  and  Usk.  the  chief  center 
of  supply   for  this  region. 

At  Parker  the  stretches  of  the  lower  river  com- 
mence and  the  country  on  both  banks  is  being  rapidly 
settled.  Some  three  miles  below  Parker  Mountain,  on 
the  east  bank,  and  situated  in  an  immense  forest  of 
splendid  timber,  a  large  sawmill  of  50.000  capacity  per 
day  is  being  erected.  About  two  miles  below  this  is 
another  large  sawmill  in  process  of  erection,  while 
just  below  we  pass  through  a  large  granite  belt,  con- 
tiguous to  the  coal  measures,  and  which  is  found  to  con- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


103 


tain  several  varieties  of  structural  granite,  from  the 
gray  to  the  red. 

Next  we  sight  the  well-known  landmark,  The  Blue 
Slide,  (a  large  landslide  from  the  side  of  the  mountain 
into  the  river  of  decomposed  porphyry).  From  here 
the  country  widens  out  in  extensive  flats,  well  timbered 
and  watered,  and  where  cultivated,  is  found  to  yield 
abundant  crops  of  hay,  vegetables  and  fruit.  Here  are 
to  be  seen  some  of  the  finest  ranches  in  the  northwest, 
well  sheltered  and  watered,  and  from  whence  starts  the 
trail  for  Sullivan  Lake,  distant  to  the  northwest  some 
twelve  miles,  where  game  of  all  kinds  abound,  with 
caribou  in  the  higher  ranges  beyond.  At  this  point  the 
river  seemes  to  be  obstructed  by  a  high  mountain  with 
rugged  and  picturesque  faces,  bluffs  and  slopes.  The 
river  at  this  point  is  very  wide  and  deep,  and  affords 
a  natural  harbor  with  easy  anchorage.  The  mountain, 
known  as  Mount  Jordan,  is  one  vast  and  inexhaustible 
deposit  of  cement  material  and  upon  near  approach  we 
see  active  progress  of  construction  under  way  of  a  large 
Portland  and  natural  cement  plant.  The  buildings  are 
so  located  that  all  the  material  proceeds  from  one  de- 
partment of  the  plant  to  another  by  gravity,  thus  re- 
ducing the  cost  of  manufacture,  and  all  the  power  is 
generated  from  the  water  of  a  side  stream  conducted  in  a 
ditch  so  as  to  give  a  fall  of  one  hundred  and  ten  feet, 
generating  a  power  of  two  hundred  horse  power.  The 
deposits  of  material  are  suited  to  the  manufacture  of 
very  high  grades  of  Portland  cement  and  two  grades  of 
hydraulic  natural  cement.  The  cements  being  now  made 
in  the  model  plant,  when  compared  with  the  imported 
cement,  are  at  least  forty  per  cent,  in  favor  of  the  local 
article  produced.  It  is  safe  to  assert  that  here  is  being 
erected  a  plant  that  will  supply  the  trade  and  be  in 
operation  so  long  as  cement  is  used.  The  works  and 
town  site  are  prettily  situated  on  a  flat  bench  over- 
looking the  river,  and  one  can  forsee  a  soon-to-be  loca- 
tion of  a  prosperous,  thriving  city  to  be  known  as 
Portland. 

One  mile  farther  down  the  river  and  just  above 
the  Box  Canyon  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  are  ex- 
tensive quarries  of  marble,  now  being  operated  by  a 
company  that  are  producing  marbles  of  many  shades  and 
colors,  from  pure  white  statuary  to  the  jet  black  monu- 
mental, with  grays  and  indescribable  cloudings.  The 
quarries  are  being  opened  up  with  steam  drills  and  the 
prospects  are  that  the  marble  will  be  highly  suited  for 
statuary,   decorative  and  monumental  purposes. 

Leaving  the  steamboat  here  we  take  the  trail  on  the 
west  bank  for  the  old  mining  camp  of  the  Metaline. 
Before  we  have  gone  quite  one  half  a  mile  we  come  upon 
the  great  sandstone  quarries,  which  are  of  the  fine 
grain,  blue  varieties  and  classed  as  free  stone.  This 
sandstone  is  easily  worked,  having  the  property  of 
hardening  when  exposed  to  the  air.  The  beds  are  level 
and  blocks  of  monolith  size  can  be  quarried.  Below  the 
sandstone  is  a  deposit  of  fire-clay  in  vast  quantities  that 
has  the  same -property  of  the  clays  of  Europe,  noted 
for  making  fire  brick.      Seven   miles   from   here  is   the 


camp  of  the  old  Metaline,  where  progress  is  stagnated 
from  the  lack  of  transportation.  It  will  be  seen  that 
there  are  resources  on  the  lower  Pend  d'Oreille  river 
which  for  quality  and  abundance  it  would  be  hard  to 
equal  and  which  will  give  employment  and  support  for 
a  very  large  population. 

Perhaps  no  other  county  in  the  state  of 
Washington  possesses  greater  available  water 
power  than  Stevens.  Nor  is  this  valuable 
auxiliary  to  successful  manufacturing  indus- 
tries confined  to  one  locality  within  the  limits 
of  the  county.  The  most  important  in  volume 
and  power  are  the  Kettle  Falls  of  the  Columbia 
river,  near  the  town  of  that  name.  Here  the 
river  makes  a  precipitous  descent  of  thirty-five 
feet.  This  immense  volume  of  water  accumu- 
lates force  sufficient  to  warrant  the  assertion 
that  it  is  the  most  extensive  hydraulic  power 
in  the  west ;  a  force  capable  of  supplying  electric 
energy  throughout  the  entire  territory  em- 
braced by  many  contiguous  counties.  Another 
magnificent  water  power  is  that  of  Meyers 
Falls,  in  the  Colville  river.  One-half  mile  from 
this  is  located  the  town  of  Meyers  Falls,  an- 
cient in  history  and  reminiscent  of  the  old 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Here  is  a  succession 
of  falls  that  would  be  easily  developed  and  are 
capable  of  furnishing  thousands  of  horsepower. 
Within  the  limits  of  three-eights  of  a  mile  the 
total  fall  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet. 
The  main  fall  is  eighty  feet  high.  Aside  from 
these  are  the  Albany  falls,  two  miles  east  of 
Newport,  on  the  Idaho  line,  and  the  falls  of 
the  lower  Pend  d'Oreille  river.  At  present  these 
great  water  powers  are  practically  undeveloped. 
There  are  flour  and  saw  mills  at  Meyers  Falls, 
and  an  electric  light  plant  supplying  a  number 
of  towns,  but  otherwise  little  advantage  has 
been  taken,  so  far,  of  the  vast  possibilities  of 
these  mighty  and  economical  forces  of  generous 
nature. 

Considered  as  a  fruit  producing  section 
Stevens  county  is  unsurpassed.  It  has  been 
claimed  that  her  prolific  qualities  in  this  line 
challenge  the  world.  To  those  who  have  deli- 
cately implied  that  this  was  rather  a  sweeping 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


assertion,  reply  has  been  made  that  it  was  abso- 
lutely true,  and  a  number  of  fruit  exhibitors 
have  very  nearly  approached  verification.  It 
is  quite  certain,  however,  that  a  vital  and  most 
advantageous  consideration  to  the  Stevens 
county  fruit  grower  lies  in  a  lucrative  market 
at  its  doors.  The  bane  of  the  western  fruit 
grower  has  ever  been  exhorbitant  and.  at  times, 
prohibitive  cost  of  transportation.  But  so 
omniverous  is  the  demand  of  the  mining  towns 
of  the  northern  country  for  Colville  and  Colum- 
bia valley  fruits  that  prices  have  invariably 
ruled  high.  The  horticultural  industry  is  in- 
creasing in  a  most  gratifying  ratio  with  each 
successive  year.  In  the  Columbia  river  valley, 
from  the  town  of  Alarcus,  extending  along  the 
Columbia  a  distance  of  one  hundred  miles,  lies 
a  belt  from  five  to  fifteen  miles  in  width.  This 
is  the  remunerative  habitat  of  the  deciduous 
fruit  grower.  ^Nlany  \arieties  of  the  tenderest 
fruits  thrive  here  and  yield  profusely,  as  the 
magnificent  Morrison,  Sparks,  Clinton,  Harvey 
and  other  orchards,  laden  in  season  with 
lucious,-  sweetly  flavored  fruits  glowingly 
testify.  Fully  three-fourths  of  the  area  men- 
tioned is  well  adapted  to  fruit  growths.  With 
equal  care  and  intelligent  cultivation  all  this 
territory  can  be  made  fully  as  productive  as 
the  orchards  named  above.  Two  of  the  leading 
horticulturists  of  Stevens  county  have  testified 
from  the  view  point  of  experts  concerning  this 
industry.     Mr.  W.  H.  Oakes  says : 

"When  I  first  took  up  what  is  now  Belle- 
view  Fruit  Farm  sixteen  years  ago  I  had  no 
idea  of  developing  it  to  the  splendid  place  you 
now  see  it  is.  But  I  noticed  how  prolific  was 
the  growth  of  berries,  fruits,  watermelons,  to- 
matoes, etc.,  and  it  occurred  to  me  that  fruit 
trees  might  do  well.  I  set  out  at  first  one  hun- 
dred deciduous  bearing  trees  of  dififerent  varie- 
ties. They  began  to  bear  at  the  end  of  three 
years,  and  most  of  them  tlirived  exceedingly. 
Since  that  time  I  have  continued  planting  and 
experimenting  as  to  the  kind  of  fruits  and  the 
varieties  of  those  kinds  that  would  do  best  in 


this  soil  and  climate.  You  can  see  the  result. 
Peaches  grow  well  on  sheltered  bench  land  well 
removed  from  water  or  in  the  black  gravelly 
soil  or  sandy  loam  along  the  Columbia  river. 
But  you  must  have  the  hardy  and  early  varie- 
ties. I  succeeded  best  with  Hale's  Early,  Crof- 
fin's  Early,  Alexander,  Malta  and  Wagner.  In 
pears  the  Bartlett  is  not  hardy  enough,  but  the 
Buer  De  Angoa  and  Flemish  Beauty  are  per- 
fectly hardy  and  do  well.  I  have  one  tree  of 
the  latter  that  never  failed  in  eleven  years. 
The  Beauty  is  almost  equal  to  the  Bartlett.  In 
winter  pears  the  Winter  Mellis  and  Buer  Easter 
can  be  grown  here  with  great  success.  Nearly 
all  kinds  of  prunes  do  well,  but  I  would  recom- 
mend the  Italian,  Hungarian,  German  and 
French.  I  found  all  kinds  of  plums  safe  except 
Kelsey's  Japan.  In  apricots  the  Russian  varie- 
ties do  excellently  well,  while  the  Morepark, 
though  the  best  in  the  market,  does  not.  The 
peach  and  golden  are  also  too  tender.  All 
apples  will  grow  well,  but  the  Ben  Davis  is 
the  best  for  the  market,  and  is  a  hardy  winter 
apple.  The  Wallbridge  and  Baldwin  I  found 
not  so  hardy.  Delaware,  Red  Winter,  Wine- 
sap,  Baily's  and  Talmund's  Sweet  are  O.  K. 

"Low  lands  should  be  avoided,  but  bench 
lands  removed  from  water  will  grow  the  fruits 
I  have  mentioned,  and  there  is  no  hill  so  high  in 
Stevens  county  but  that  there  is  moisture 
enough  in  it  to  grow  fruit  profitably  if  well 
cultivated.  I  want  to  say  that  the  soil  should 
be  well  stirred  with  a  harrow  or  cultivator  every 
ten  days  or  less.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  the 
pores  of  the  earth  expand  and  open  in  from 
seven  to  ten  days  and  unless  stirred  the  heat  of 
the  sun  draws  out  the  moisture.  This  is  the 
most  important  point  in  cultivating  dry  soil. 
Regarding  the  relative  quality  of  fruits  grown 
here  and  elsewhere,  other  sections  grow  larger 
fruits,  but  Stevens  county  fruits  are  much 
sweeter  flavored.  The  best  flavored  fruit  is 
always  grown  on  dry  soil.  Our  apples  and 
prunes  are  the  best  in  the  world.  Our  prunes 
are  superior  bearers,  and  don't  dry  down  as 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


105 


much  as  others  and  go  into  market  as  the  best. 
As  to  bearing,  all  our  fruits  bear  as  early  as 
anywhere  in  the  world,  pears  bearing  in  two 
years  and  apples  extensively  in  three." 

"The  first  thing  of  importance  in  fruit- 
growing," said  Mr.  H.  W.  Sparks,  of  Kettle 
Falls,  who  has  a  splendid  orchard  on  the 
Columbia,  two  miles  south  of  that  city,  and  who 
has  given  the  subject  of  horticulture  intelligent 
study,  "is  the  varieties,  location,  cultivation  and 
care.  Care  is  the  most  important,  as  without 
care  no  one  can  expect  to  succeed.  Variety  de- 
pends on  undivided  taste  and  location  and 
intelligent  demarkation  of  the  crop  as  to  those 
grown  for  revenue  and  those  grown  for  home 
use.  Every  one  should  have  a  goodly  assort- 
ment for  different  seasons  and  tastes  in  those 
grown  for  the  market.  The  main  point  is  a 
hardy  variety  for  the  main  crop  and  good  ship- 
pers, those  that  will  bear  handling." 

Concerning  the  transportation  facilities  of 
Stevens  county,  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say 
that  they  are  excellent,  when  the  large  size  of 
the  territory  is  taken  into  consideration.  Re- 
garding this  important  factor  in  the  upbuilding 
of  a  county  the  Statesman-Index  says  : 

"The  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad 
with  more  than  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles 
of  main  line  in  the  county,  is  doing  much  to 
assist  in  its  progression  and  prosperity.  It  has 
recently  been  a  heavy  contributor  to  the  Kettle 
Falls  and  Republic  road,  the  importance  of 
which  to  this  portion  of  the  county  it  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  dwell  upon.  It  runs  a  passenger 
train  with  comfortably  equipped  coaches  north 
and  south  daily,  and  it  is  a  very  rare  occasion 
when  they  are  not  promptly  on  time.  To  the 
annual  Spokane  Fruit  Fair  and  like  events  the 
road  always  accords  a  generous  rate  and  in 
other  regards  the  passenger  department  of  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  has  ever  consulted 
the  best  interests  of  our  people  and  afforded 
them  many  advantages. 

"The  southeastern  portion  of  the  county  is 
traversed  bv  the  Great  Northern  Railwav.  This 


line  affords  the  settlers  of  the  Calispell  and 
Pend  d'Oreille  valleys  a  means  of  communica- 
tion with  the  outside  world.  Small  steamers 
ply  the  waters  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river  be- 
tween Newport  and  Box  Canyon,  and  do  a  gen- 
eral freighting  and  passenger  traffic  for  the 
convenience  of  the  river  settlements.  At  New- 
port on  the  boundary  line  between  Washington 
and  Idaho,  the  freight  and  passengers  are  trans- 
ferred to  the  Great  Northern  railway. 

"There  are  now  nearly  eleven  hundred  miles 
of  public  highway  in  the  county  running  in  all 
directions  and  others  are  in  constant  course  of 
construction.  The  boards  of  county  commis- 
sioners, realizing  the  importance  of  easy  means 
of  inter-communication,  have  been  broad- 
gauged  and  liberal  in  their  attitude  on  the  im- 
portant matter  of  roads,  while  in  no  community 
can  there  be  found  more  liberal  contributors  to 
projects  of  this  nature  than  the  public-spirited 
business  men  of  Stevens  county." 

The  social  conditions  of  this  county  have 
been  earnestly  and  conscientiously  considered 
by  Mr.  John  B.  Slater  in  his  valuable  work, 
"Natural  Resources  of  Stevens  County."  He 
says: 

Stevens  county  is  chiefly  settled  by  an  industrious 
and  thrifty  class  from  the  northern  Mississippi  states. 
A  dozen  souls  will  fill  the  Chinese  and  colored  popula- 
tion of  the  county ;  these  classes  having  at  all  times  in 
the  past  been  discouraged  from  coming  into  the  county. 
On  the  Colville  Indian  Reservation  are  about  five  hun- 
dred peaceable  Indians,  nearly  all  of  whom  are  actively 
engaged  in  the  pursuits  of  farming  and  stock-raising. 
The  tide  of  immigration  of  the  white  people  has,  prac- 
tically, driven  the  native  population  to  the  reservations, 
and  those  of  the  Indian  race  who  are  adverse  to  toil 
have  found  their  way  into  the  far  interior  and  unin- 
habited portions  of  British  Columbia. 

The  society  of  Stevens  county  is  the  very  best,  and 
its  people  take  pride  in  upbuilding  its  institutions  and 
maintaining  them.  This  fact  is  attested  by  the  sub- 
'  stantial  character  of  the  many  splendid  buildings  to  be 
seen  on  every  hand  in  all  the  towns,  devoted  to  religious 
and  public  school  work.  There  are  over  one  hundred 
school  districts  in  the  county,  and  in  nearly  all  of  them 
may  be  seen  well  built  school  houses  of  handsome 
design.  In  all  the  more  populous  districts  the  schools 
are  graded,  and  a  superior  class  of  instructors  are  em- 
ployed in  charge  of  all  educational  work.     The  Catholic, 


io6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Methodist,  Congregational,  Presbyterian,  Adventist, 
Baptist  and  a  number  of  other  denominational  institu- 
tions are  represented.  Sunday  school  work  is  a  leading 
feature  in  all  settled  portions  of  the  county.  The  old 
Catholic  church,  built  on  a  sightly  place  on  the  bank 
of  the  Columbia  river,  near  Kettle  Falls,  nearly  sixty 
years  ago,  is  still  standing,  though  it  was  long  since 
abandoned  for  a  more  convenient  location  at  Meyers 
Falls,  where  a  large  cathedral  and  the  mission  school 
for  boys  and  girls  are  located  and  are  accorded  a  good 
patronage.  The  secret  societies  have  firmly  established 
lodges,  among  which  are  the  Masonic,  Odd  Fellows, 
and  K.  P.,  all  of  which  are  patronized  and  are  fostered 
by  the  best  classes.  A  number  of  G.  A.  R.  posts  have 
also  been  established  and  in  many  of  the  country  places, 
as  well  as  in  the  cities,  they  have  erected  large  and 
commodious  halls  in  which  the  largely  decimating 
heroes  of  the  last  great  national  struggle  take  refuge 
in  social  intercourse  and  in  appropriate  exercises  com- 
memorative of  their  great  work. 

As  well  as  having  a  market  at  hand  for  everything, 
Stevens  county  has  everything  for  a  market.  Its  wealth- 
producing  capacity  is  circumscribed  by  no  limit.  With 
all  it  has  room  for  the  lumberman.  Its  forests  are 
largely  confined  to  the  mountain  districts  and  along  the 
foot-hills.  The  timber  growth  is  prolific  and  well- 
developed.  Pine,  fir,  spruce  and  cedar  grow  in  splendid 
proportions,  in  endless  quantity  and  of  a  superior 
quality.  The  tamarack  trees  are  now  much  sought  after 
by  builders,  and  lumber  men  are  led  to  consider  it  one 
of  the  choicest  of  timbers  for  finishing  purposes.  It 
possesses  the  most  lasting  qualities,  and  subject  to  all 
manner  of  hard  usage  and  exposure  it  answers  every 
purpose.  It  partakes  of  the  finest  finish  and  the  highest 
polish,  is  not  susceptible  to  expansion  and  contraction, 
so  commonly  complained  of  in  other  timbers  when  ex- 
posed to  the  ravages  of  the  elements,  and  promises,  as 
a  hard  wood,  to  supplant  the  use  of  oak,  ash  and  maple 
in  the  manufacture  of  all  varieties  of  furniture. 


Added  to  the  numerous  industrial  interests 
of  this  county  is  something  in  the  way  of  the 
weirdly  picturesque  which  is  a  recent  discovery, 
dating  in  the  summer  of  1903.  This  is  what  is 
called  Gardiner's  Cave,  and  the  following  de- 
scription of  the  same  is  from  the  Spokcsman- 
Reviezv.  of  date  September  13,  1903,  written 
by  one  of  a  Spokane  exploring  party  who  vis- 
ited it.  Investigation  by  the  writer  reveals  the 
fact  that  it  is  nowise  overdrawn : 


If  you  will  take  a  map  of  Washington,  trace  the 
Fend  d'Oreille  river  down  to  where  it  passes  into 
British  Columbia,  get  the  scale  of  the  map.  put  your 
pencil  one  mile  south  of  the  international  boundary  line 


and  one  mile  west  of  the  river,  you  will  have  determined 
almost  the  exact  location  of  Gardiner  Cave,  in  Stevens 
county,  Washington.  About  due  north  and  ninety  miles 
distant  from  Spokane,  this  natural  wonder,  so  far  as 
explored,  constitutes  the  largest  cave  yet  discovered  in 
Washington. 

Various  and  conflicting  reports  heard  about  this 
cave  led  a  number  of  Spokane  men  to  organize  and 
equip  a  party  to  visit  and  secure  some  exact  data  on  the 
subject.  The  party  left  Spokane  on  the  morning  of  the 
24th  of  August,  1903,  over  the  Great  Northern  railway 
via  Newport,  thence  by  steamer  down  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
to  the  foot  of  navigation  near  lone,  sixty-four  miles 
below  Newport,  from  which  point  they  secured  the 
services  of  7.  E.  Hall,  with  pack  and  saddle  animals  to 
make  the  overland  journey.  The  trail  was  found  to  be 
in  fairly  good  condition  overlooking  the  river  the 
greater  part  of  the  way,  and  the  pedometer  recorded 
24.75  miles  between  lone  and  Gardiner  Cave,  over  a 
crooked  trail.  Elevation  of  lone  2.000  feet,  and  at  the 
cave  entrance  2,665  feet  above  tide  water.  The  country 
is  in  almost  as  primitive  a  state  as  it  was  one  hundred 
years  ago,  the  most  noticable  indication  of  civilization 
being  the  ruthless  waste  of  the  forests ;  fires  having 
devastated  about  one  half  the  country  to  be  seen  from 
the  trail.  Young  growth  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  tamarack 
and  hemlock,  however,  if  permitted  to  live,  would  in  a 
few  years  reforest  a  greater  part  of  the  burnt  area. 

Fiom  the  trail  may  be  seen  a  mountain  to  the  west 
which  was  determined  by  the  United  States  geological 
survey,  who  were  re-establishing  the  international 
boundary  monuments  last  year,  to  be  over  8.000  feet 
above  sea  level.  This  peak  is  between  six  and  ten  miles 
from  the  boundary  in  Stevens  county.  It  is  said  that 
there  are  several  monuments  on  the  south  and  west 
slopes  of  this  mountain  which  have  the  appearance  of 
aboriginal  construction,  but  limit  of  time  precluded  a 
visit  there.  Other  similar  monuments  occur  at  various 
points,  both  in  Washington  and  British  Columbia  not 
far  from  the  cave.  Grouse  are  plentiful  along  the 
entire  route,  bear  and  deer  abound,  seldom  disturbed 
by  man,  and  from  indications  along  the  trail  the  country 
seems  to  be  the  home  of  many  marten  and  other  furred 
animals.  The  odoriferous  pole  cat  was  the  only  feline 
seen  by  the  party,  although  a  cougar  and  a  lynx  paid 
the  life  penalty  for  being  too  eager  for  a  taste  of  civiliza- 
tion a  few  days  since,  and  the  human-like  voice  of  the 
former  is  often  heard  in  the  hills.  Trout  abound  in  all 
the  streams,  and  migratory  waterfowl  take  long  rests  in 
the  waters  of  this  region  in  spring  and  fall.  A  well' 
authenticated  story  is  current  that  a  couple  of  hunters 
killed  over  two  hundred  deer  near  their  camp  one  winter 
recently,  simply  for  their  hides,  yet  there  are  large  num- 
bers  remaining  in  that   section. 

Arriving  at  the  cave's  mouth,  which  is  situated  on 
an  easy  slope  on  the  east  side  of  a  pretentious  mountain, 
at  9:30  o'clock  a.  m.,  the  party  found  that  the  opening 
is  simply  a  break  in  the  roof  of  the  cave,  by  which  an 
easy    entrance    is   made    with   a    ladder    constructed   on: 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


107 


the  ground.  How  far  upward  along  the  slope  of  the 
mountain  the  cave  extends  the  party  did  not  discover, 
an  obstruction  occurring  some  twenty  feet  above  where 
a  portion  of  the  cave  roof  fell  in.  The  barometric 
elevation  at  the  surface  was  2,665  feet,  and  at  the  floor 
of  the  entrance  2,645  feet  above  sea  level.  The  general 
course  of  that  part  of  the  cave  explored  was  E.  S.  E., 
with  a  gradual  curve  toward  the  east.  But  one  branch 
of  any  importance  was  discovered.  The  first  six  hun- 
dred feet  constitutes  the  most  attractive  portion  of  the 
cave,  as  below  that  point  mud  is  found  on  the  floor  in- 
creasing in  depth  until  at  the  present  end  the  entire 
cave  is  coated  with  an  accumulation  of  natural  cement 
but  partially  dried,  and  increasing  at  the  rate  of  one- 
eighth  of  an  inch  per  year.  Early  in  the  spring  the 
water,  doubtless,  fills  the  entire  cave  at  the  lower  end, 
but  gradually  passes  out  through  small  orifices  until  at 
this  season  it  entirely  disappears  and  the  air  becomes 
clear  and  pure.  By  the  aid  of  tools  and  powder  it  may 
be  possible  to  open  up  chambers  still  lower  down  from 
the  present  end  of  the  cave,  as  without  doubt  the  sub- 
terranean waters  finally  reach  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river, 
a  mile  away.  Carefully  measured  from  entrance  to  the 
lower  end  of  the  main  cave  the  total  length  was  found 
to  be  780  feet,  with  a  total  loss  in  elevation  from 
2,645  to  2,420  feet,  or  225  feet,  a  mean  grade  of  about 
34  per  cent. 

With  Ed.  Gardiner,  the  discoverer,  in  the  lead 
the  entire  party  of  seven  penetrated  the  cavern  and  ex- 
amined all  its  side  chambers,  finding  a  ball  of  twine 
thrown  over  a  difficult  passage  near  the  lower  end, 
recorded  the  date,  taking  several  flash-light  photographs, 
measuring  the  various  chambers  and  securing  other 
valuable  data.  This  cave  has  many  features  of  interest 
and  beauty.  The  first  600  feet  is  gorgeously  draped  and 
festooned  with  stalactites  and  stalagmites  in  many 
grotesque  forms,  the  former  pendant  from  the  ceiling, 
while  the  latter  rise  from  the  floor.  At  two  points  the 
main  passage  way  is  divided  by  two  huge  pillars,  deli- 
cately fluted  and  of  rare  color,  the  first  of  which  is  about 
280  feet  from  the  entrance  and  the  lower  one  155  feet 
further  down,  while  all  between,  along  the  sides  and 
ceiling,  are  stalactites  of  various  lengths. 

At  two  places  along  the  wall  are  numerous 
stalactites,  which,  by  striking  sharply,  produce  clear 
notes  which  resemble  those  of  a  piano.  In  places  the 
floor  is  covered  with  rock  forms  of  white  limestone 
resembling  baths,  in  some  of  which  the  water  still  re- 
mains clear  as  crystal.  At  other  places  are  pillars  rising 
from  a  few  inches  to  several  feet.  At  one  side  of  this 
chamber  is  a  wonderful  formation  resembling  a  frozen 
waterfall,  near  by  which  is  an  overhanging  canopy  with 
a  well-formed  seat  at  the  base.  This  is  "The  Throne," 
and  from  it  one  can  see  all  the  principal  beauties  of 
this  marvellous  "chamber  of  wonders."  The  cathedral, 
to  the  right  and  30  feet  below,  is  frescoed  and  festooned 
with  glistening  gems.  Rising  from  the  floor  are  several 
fragile  columns.  o,i  the  tops  of  which  the  party  placed 
their    candles    and    viewed    with    pleasure    the    sublime 


effect.  Thirty  or  more  feet  from  the  floor  of  the  main 
hall  and  directly  before  the  throne,  a  cluster  of  cyrstals 
resembles  a  huge  bunch  of  grapes. 

The  gigantic  pillar  at  the  upper  end  of  this  chamber 
gives  the  visitor  ample  space  to  pass,  but  when  its  twin 
column  at  the  lower  end  is  reached,  one  is  mutely  but 
firmly  reminded  that  due  obeisance  must  be  made  in 
acknowledgment  of  the  beauties  just  seen  before  passage 
will  be  granted  to  the  depths  below.  Passage  can  be 
obtained  here  only  by  prostrating  oneself  and  crawling 
in,  after  which  one  passes  through  a  narrow  aisle,  ten 
feet  by  about  four  feet  wide,  for  about  seventy-five 
feet,  where  another  hole  is  reached,  through  which  one 
must  crawl  bear-fashion.  At  720  feet  from  the  en- 
trance the  only  considerable  side  passage  is  found  at 
the  right  running  back  at  an  angle  from  the  main  cavern 
some  fifty  feet,  and  ending  in  a  circular  chamber,  the 
entire  passage  being  about  twelve  feet  high  by  eight 
wide. 

There  is  ample  evidence  that  Gardiner  Cave,  so  far 
as  explored  by  the  party,  constitutes  but  a  small  part  of 
the  subterranean  chambers  and  passageways  of  the  im- 
mediate locality.  Points  in  favor  of  this  assertion  are 
that  this  cave  was  penetrated  twenty  feet  above  the 
entrance,  where  a  portion  of  the  roof  had  caved  in, 
obstructing  further  observations  without  some  further 
preliminary  manual  labor.  Circular  sinks  of  the  sur- 
face in  various  places  show  that  the  underlying  lime- 
stone has  been  removed.  A  considerable  stream  gush- 
ing out  of  the  hill  half  a  mile  or  more  away  with  an 
opening  above  some  two  by  four  feet  at  low  water  and 
cut  in  the  limestone  adds  to  the  evidence.  Streams, 
which,  as  springs,  gush  out  of  the  mountain  above, 
suddenly  disappear.  The  whole  mountain  so  far  as 
examined  is  limestone,  an  excellent  material  in  which 
to  look  for  caves.  For  ten  days  or  a  month's  outing 
tViis  portion  of  Stevens  county  offers  great  opportunity 
for    either    pleasure    or    research. 

While  it  is  not  within  the  province  of  this 
work  to  produce  an  exhaustive  or  technical 
treatise  on  the  geology  of  Stevens  county,  we 
may  candidly  admit  that  such  a  division  of  the 
book  would  not  prove  the  least  interesting.  To 
the  student  of  this  science  the  geological  for- 
mation of  the  county  is  replete  with  interest 
offering  a  wide  field  for  a  fascinating  investiga- 
tion. It  is  considered  necessary,  however,  to 
glance  at  the  primordial  character  of  this 
greatly  diversified  country  that  others  may  trace 
therein  the  elementary  outlines  of  a  vast  and 
comprehensive  cosmogony. 

The  greater  portion  of  eastern  Washington 
is  covered  by  the  original  "fire-rock,"  the  basalt. 


io8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


This  dull,  uninviting  substance  meets  the  eye 
everywhere,  on  the  bluffs,  along  the  streams  and 
upon  the  "scab  lands."  But  in  Stevens  county 
there  occurs  a  radical  transformation.  Here  we 
encounter  every  variety  of  the  secondary  rock 
and  in  the  dykes  and  veins  in  them  we  find 
almost  every  known  mineral.  Among  these 
may  be  named  zinc,  antimony,  nickel,  tin, 
arsenic,  iron,  silver  and  gold.  Specimens  of 
one  or  more  of  them  are  obtainable  in  numerous 
places  throughout  the  county.  Igneous, 
sedimentary  and  metamorphic  rocks  are  in 
abundance  everywhere,  often  thrown  together 
in  a  confused  mass  by  volcanic  action.  Of  the 
igneous  rocks  basalt  and  porphyry  are  obtaina- 
ble, and  of  sedimentary  rocks,  sandstone,  shale, 
and  limestone  are  found.  All  the  varieties  of 
limestone  are  easily  procured,  carbonate  of 
lime,  magnesian  limestone  and  sulphate  of  lime 
or  gypsum.  One  variety  of  gypsum,  alabaster 
of  wonderful  beauty,  rewards  the  industrious 
searcher.  Of  the  metamorphic  rocks  quartzite, 
marble,  syenite,  slate,  granite,  gneiss  and  mica 
schist  are  in  surprising  abundance.  The  many 
varieties  of  the  finest  marble  in  the  world  have 
already  assumed  a  prominent  position  in  the 
commerce  of  the  county  and  are  treated  of  else- 
where in  extenso.  One  variety,  improperly 
termed  onyx,  is  said  by  experts  to  be  the  hand- 
somest and  most  valuable  for  decorative  pur- 
poses to  be  found  in  any  portion  of  the  union. 
The  slate  is  unequaled  anywhere.  Pure  feld- 
spar, when  decomposed,  produces  kaolin,  a 
kind  of  clay.  In  the  southeastern  part  of 
Stevens  county  is  found  an  immense  deposit  of 
kaolin  which  has  been  experted  and  pronounced 
as  running  in  high  values.  Mineral  paint, 
formed  from  variously  colored  clays  and 
ground  oil,  is  an  industry  in  the  eastern,  or 
Calispell  section  of  the  country,  and  in  the  Pend 
d'Oreille  mountains  are  found  huge  buttes  of 
pure  mica. 

So  far  the  coal  measures  developed  are  lim- 
ited. Although  there  are  a  number  of  small 
deposits,  most  of  them  have  been  burned  out 


by  later  volcanic  action.  While  geologists  in 
this  locality  have  been  unable  to  find  traces  of 
the  northern  drift  of  the  glacial  period,  the 
Rocky  Mountains  forming,  probably,  a  barrier 
against  the  great  glacier  that  aeons  ago  over- 
whelmed so  large  a  portion  of  this  continent, 
yet  e\'erywhere  in  Stevens  county  are  indubita- 
ble signs  of  glacial  action.  At  that  period  the 
mountains  attained  a  far  greater  altitude  than 
at  present,  and  were  covered  with  immense 
glaciers  which  plowed  out  the  valleys  now 
thickly  populated,  and  filled  them  with  drifts 
hundreds  of  feet  in  depth.  The  fossiliferous 
distribution  in  this  county  is  not  so  large  as  in 
many  other  localities.  The  powerful  incinerat- 
ing heat  that  crystallized  limestone  into  marble, 
clay  into  slate  and  quartz  into  quartzite,  burned 
out  the  greater  portion  of  fossils;  yet  with  a 
little  care  quite  a  fair  collection  may  be  made 
at  the  present  day.  In  every  school  district 
throughout  the  county  a  collection  of  ores  and 
rocks  may  be  accumulated  superior  to  the 
geological  cabinets  of  many  eastern  colleges. 

In  speaking  of  the  topography  of  the  county 
Mr.  L.  K.  Armstrong,  editor  of  Mining,  says : 

"Between  the  Columbia  and  the  Colville 
rivers,  with  the  exception  of  the  narrow  valleys 
along  these  streams,  the  country  is  rough  and 
mountainous  in  places,  reaching  an  altitude 
above  sea  level  of  more  than  6,000  feet  and 
the  divide  between  these  streams  has  an  alti- 
tude of  more  than  4,500  feet.  To  the  east  of 
the  Colville  valley  and  between  it  and  the  Pend 
d'  Oreille  valley  is  another  mountain  range,  the 
highest  point  of  which,  Calispell  peak,  has  an 
altitude  of  6,905  feet  above  sea  level,  with  an 
average  height  of  the  divide  between  4,800  and 
5,500.  East  of  the  Pen  d'Oreille  river  the  coun- 
try is  mountainous  and  rough  with  about  the 
same  altitude  as  that  to  the  west.  All  these 
mountain  ranges  are  well  supplied  with  lateral 
streams  which  have  formed  in  many  instances 
quite  deep  gorges.  The  mountains  rise  grad- 
ually from  the  valleys,  first  being  the  foothills, 
which    gradually   merge    into    the    mountains. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


109 


Along  the  Columbia,  however,  the  bluffs  rise 
more  abruptly  than  they  do  along  most  of  the 
streams.  The  mountain  ranges  extend  in  an 
almost  due  north  and  south  direction  across  the 
county.  The  following  list  of  elevations  of 
different  places  over  the  county  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  diversified  character  of  the  surface : 

Locality.  Feet. 

Addy    (.1)     1,652 

Bossburg  (1)    1,385 

Calispell  Lake   (2;    2,110 

Calispell  Peak   (2)    6,905 

Chewelah    Peak    (.2)    5,748 

Chewelah    (i)    1,690 

Colville  Mountain  (2)   5,667 

Colville  (I)    1,602 

International   Boundary   (i)    1,370 

Loon   Lake    2,440 

Marble   (l)    1,486 

Mouth  of  Colville  River   (2)    1,176 

Mouth  o£  Spokane  River   (2)    1,068 

Northport   (i)    1,350 

Newport  (3)   2,121 

Springdale    (i)     2,100 

Stensger's  Peak  (2)   6,299 

Waits  Lake  (2)    1,816 

(1)  Elevation  by  U.   S.   Geological   Survey. 

(2)  Elevation  by  the  North  Transcontinental  Survey. 

(3)  Elevation   from  the  G.  N.  Railroad. 

What  is  known  as  the  Colville  State  Fish 
Hatchery  was  established  in  1900  about  one 
mile  from  Kettle  Falls.  In  his  report  for  1902 
Fish  Commissioner  Kershaw  said : 

"It  is  erected  on  state  land,  of  which  the  de- 
partment has  a  lease  for  five  years.  It  is  located 
about  one  mile  from  Kettle  Falls,  on  the  Col- 
ville river,  in  Stevens  county.  It  was  operated 
in  1901,  hut  only  took  about  90,000  spawn,  and 
I  concluded  that  the  expense  of  operation 
would  not  justify  the  results  obtained,  and 
closed  the  plant  down  for  the  present  season. 
I  placed  Mr.  D.  M.  Richard  in  charge,  at  a 
nominal  salary,  with  instructions  to  closely 
watch  the  river  and  report  to  me  the  number 
of  salmon  that  ascended  the  stream  this  sea- 
son, and  he  reported  that  he  had  seen  only 
forty-five  salmon  so  far.  I  have  no  doubt  that 
at  one  time  this  was  a  fine  salmon  stream,  but 


a  freshet  they  had  a  few  years  ago  changed 
the  entire  condition  of  the  river.  Instead  of 
emptying  its  waters  down  the  Columbia  river 
as  in  former  years,  it  now  discharges  its  waters 
up  stream.  The  channel  of  the  Columbia  river 
has  changed  from  the  east  to  the  west  side,  and 
this,  together  with  the  freshet,  has  left  the 
sprawning  grounds  in  the  river  covered  with 
large  boulders,  and  has  completely  destroyed 
whatever  natural  conditions  favorable  for 
spawning  ever  existed." 

Three  miles  from  Newport,  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  county,  ^Ir.  B.  L.  Gordon, 
of  Spokane,  in  the  summer  of  1903,  established 
a  private  fish  hatchery  in  the  headwaters  of  the 
Little  Spokane  river  for  the  purpose  of  breed- 
ing trout.  At  present  this  is  the  only  fish  hatch- 
ery of  any  importance  in  the  county. 

October  i,  1903,  Stevens  county  contained 
the  following  postoffices,  thirteen  of  them  being 
money  order  offices :  Addy,  Alyea,  Arzina, 
Bissell,  Bluecreek,  Bossburg,  Boundary,  Calis- 
pell, Camden,  Cadonia,  Chewelah,  Clayton,  Col- 
ville, Daisy,  Deertrail,  Dunn,  Echo,  Frontier, 
Gifford,  Gray,  Harvey.  Hunters,  lone.  Kettle 
Falls,  Locke,  Loonlake,  Marble,  Maud,  Meyers 
Falls,  Newport,  Northport.  Oren,  Penwith, 
Rice,  Rockport,  Ryan,  Scotia,  Springdale, 
Tumtum,  Usk,  Valley,  Waterloo.  Cusick,  Dal- 
kena,  Evans,  Lenora,  Wellpinit,  forty-nine  all 
told. 

In  the  extreme  southwestern  portion  of 
Stevens,  and  due  north  from  Lincoln  county, 
.lies  the  Spokane  Indian  reservation.  On  the 
south  it  is  bounded  by  the  Spokane  river,  on 
the  west  by  the  Columbia,  while  its  eastern 
boundary  is  formed  by  Chamokane  Creek.  Its 
area  is  about  328  square  miles.  There  are  no 
towns  within  its  limits,  the  Indian  agency  being 
headquarters  for  all  business  connected  with  the 
tribe  to  which  it  is,  at  present,  dedicated.  The 
population  is  indefinite  as  the  Indians  come  and 
go  at  nearly  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

At  one  period  the  whole  of  the  Colville 
Valley  was  included  in  the  vast  Colville  reser- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


vation,  now  forming  much  of  the  territory  of 
Ferry  and  Okanogan  counties.  This  is  a  fact 
not  generally  known.  But  along  in  the  7o"s 
General  Grant,  then  president,  issued  a  procla- 
mation. By  the  terms  of  this  document  all  the 
country  lying  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the 
Territory  of  Washington,  touching  the  bound- 
ary of  Idaho  on  the  east,  for  a  width  of  nearly 
one  hundred  miles,  and  extending  in  length 
nearly  two  hundred  miles  westward,  should  be 
included  in  the  Colville  Indian  reservation.  It 
is  in  accordance  with  this  fact  that  it  is  deemed 
best  to  treat  the  Colville  Indian  reservation  in 
this  descriptive  chapter  of  Stevens  county,  for 
at  that  period  all  of  what  is  now  the  Colville 
reservation  was  within  the  county  of  Stevens, 
prior  to  the  severance  of  Okanogan  and  Ferry 
counties. 

During  the  administration  of  President 
Grant  it  was  considered  in  the  extreme  east,  and 
what  was  then  the  middle  west,  that  the  best 
use  to  which  this  portion  of  the  earth's  sur- 
face could  be  put  was  to  cut  it  up  into  Indian 
reservations.  Various  military  men  and  the 
heads  of  geological  surveys  had  issued  scientific 
pronunciamentos  to  the  effect  that  the  "Great 
American  Desert"  comprised  nearly  all  the  ter- 
ritory between  California  and  the  Missouri 
ri\er.  Settlers  had,  however,  located  on  widely 
separated  tracts ;  had  tested  the  qualities  of  the 
"desert;"  had  spied  out  the  land  and  pro- 
nounced it  good  despite  the  military  men  and 
scientists.  Among  these  some  had  established 
the  outposts  of  civilization  in  tlie  Colville  valley, 
on  the  "reservation."  So  vigorously  did  they 
protest  at  the  expansion  idea  of  President  Grant 
that  he  soon  changed  the  plan  and  fixed  the 
Columbia  river  as  the  southern  and  eastern 
boundaries  of  the  Colville  reservation.  That 
threw  the  territory  of  modern  Stevens  county 
out  of  it. 

The  north  half  of  the  Colville  reservation 
was  opened  to  agricultural  settlement  Octolier 
lo.  I  goo.  Considerable  excitement  had  been 
anticipated   which   did   not   eventuate.      There 


was  not  the  "rush"  that  attended  the  opening 
of  Oklahoma  or  even  that  of  the  Nez  Perce 
Reservation  in  Idaho.  Conditions  were  dis- 
tinctly different.  For  a  number  of  years  this 
territory  had  been  open  to  mining  settlement, 
and,  consequently,  it  was  impossible  to  herd 
homesteaders  off  the  promised  land  as  thev 
were  barred  out  of  Oklahoma.  Since  tlie  reser- 
vation was  open  to  mining  development  the 
right  of  any  one  to  enter  freely  and  pursue  his 
avocations  remained  unquestioned.  Towns  had 
sprung  up  and  a  large  population  had  taken 
full  possession  prior  to  the  government's  edict 
opening  the  reservation.  Homeseekers  under 
the  guise  of  prospectors  had  chosen  their  loca- 
tions, pitched  their  tents,  erected  cabins  and 
made  other  improvements.  The  greater  num- 
ber who  had  contemplated  filing  had  already 
done  so.  For  weeks  and  even  months  home- 
steaders had  been  selecting  their  lands,  many 
camping  beside  them  the  night  previous  to  the 
opening.  Practically  the  best  of  feeling  pre- 
vailed. At  noon  they  simply  stepped  across  the 
section  line  and  established  their  claims.  But 
the  event,  though  a  quiet  one,  devoid  of  any 
sensationalism,  was  another  landmark  in  the 
fuller  development  of  Washington,  and  the  ter- 
ritory once  comprised  in  Stevens  county. 
Along  with  the  great  mineral  resources  the 
agricultural  and  timber  wealth  were  now  to  lie 
developed.  An  era  of  railway  construction  was 
to  follow  which,  although  still  incipient,  is 
destined  to  produce  great  results,  and  wild  and 
idle  regions  made  to  blossom  as  the  rose. 

A  Spokesiiian-Rcz'iezi'  correspondent,  writ- 
ing of  this  incident  from  Grand  Forks,  B.  C, 
under  date  of  October  lo,  1900,  says: 

"The  opening  of  the  north  half  of  the  Col- 
ville reservation  today  for  homestead  purposes 
was  characterized  by  many  ludicrous  and  ex- 
citing incidents.  Information  received  would 
indicate  that  there  are  an  average  of  five  claim- 
ants for  each  location.  The  United  States 
Land  Office  .will  be  fully  occupied  for  months 
in    adjusting    disputes    respecting    ownership. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


For  instance,  no  less  than  six  individuals,  in- 
cluding Frank  Law,  of  Grand  Forks,  and  O.  B. 
Nelson,  H.  Donough,  B.  Price  and  H.  N. 
Genin,  of  Nelson,  simultaneously  located  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  comprising  the  north 
addition  of  the  townsite  of  Nelson.  The  land 
lies  between  the  town  and  the  international 
boundary.  There  is  a  perfect  forest  of  stakes 
and  each  claimant  before  nightfall  had  erected 
a  shack.  The  same  condition  of  affairs  practir 
cally  prevails  south  through  the  Kettle  River, 
Curlew,  and  San  Foil  valleys  to  Republic. 

"J.  A.  Coryell  and  Fred  Wallaston,  of 
Grand  Forks,  who  have  been  engaged  on  the 
railway  survey  for  the  Clarence  J.  McCuaig 
syndicate,  returned  here  tonight  and  report  that 
every  available  foot  of  the  land  in  the  bottoms 
or  on  bench  lands  had  been  located.  Mr.  Cor- 
yell estimated  tht  the  locations  along  this  route 
will  exceed  five  hundred,  while  the  territory 
will  not  permit  of  over  one  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-eight valid  locations.  Mr.  Coryell  reached 
a  point  twelve  miles  south  of  the  boundary  (B. 
C.)  line.  He  states  that  camping  parties  were 
strung  along  a  few  acres  apart  for  the  entire 
distance.  At  noon  rival  claimants  began  stak- 
ing their  homesteads  in  close  proximity,  with 
the  result  that  farm  after  farm  dovetails  into  its 
neighbor.  Fortunately  no  ill  feeling  was  dis- 
played and  the  entire  proceedings  were  note- 
worthy for  the  absence  of  gun  play.  The  bench 
lands  seemed  to  attract  as  much  attention  as 
bottom  lands  or  timbered  flats.  Homestead^s 
showed  especial  partiality  for  the  west  side  of 
Curlew  Lake,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Curlew 
townsite  each  location  has  seven  or  eight  claim- 
ants. Helphry  Brothers,  merchants  of  Cur- 
lew, are  among  those  who  located  land  near 
the  townsite.  They  have  an  eight-cornered 
contest  on  their  hands. 

"Shacks  and  other  buildings  sprang  up 
within  three  hours  as  if  by  magic.  Many  of 
the  homesteaders  hail  from  Idaho  and  eastern 
Washington,  and  are  accompanied  by  their 
families.     Several  women  secured  choice  lands. 


Miss  Reeves,  a  young  and  prepossessing  lady, 
abandoned  her  "hello"  duties  at  Grand  Forks' 
telephone  office  yesterday  to  join  in  the  stam- 
pede. She  was  fortunate  enough  to  secure  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  bottom  land  two 
miles  west  of  Curlew.  Half  a  dozen  men  were 
camped  on  the  same  ground  before  her  arrival, 
but  they  chivalrously  capitulated  and  moved 
elsewhere,  possibly  only  to  become  involved  in 
contests  with  their  masculine  neighbors." 

A  Colville  correspondent  wrote  as  follows : 

"The  opening  of  the  reservation  today  cre- 
ated little  public  attention  or  interest.  People 
intent  on  settlement  ha\'e  been  going  in  for  sev- 
eral weeks,  not  waiting  at  the  border.  No  offi- 
cial signal  gave  notice  of  the  time  the  proclama- 
tion took  effect.  It  was  simply  12  o'clock  noon. 
Bossburg  and  Marcus  were  the  principal  points 
of  entrance.  The  ferries  were  busy  all  night. 
Major  Anderson,  the  agent,  has  been  along  the 
border  the  past  few  days  making  observations. 
The  general  rule  observed  was  that  a  settler 
was  not  obliged  to  stay  off  the  land,  but  could 
camp  anywhere  on  the  reservation  in  sight  of 
the  land  he  coveted,  instead  of  at  the  border, 
and  move  on  the  land  at  once  on  the  opening. 
At  Northport  much  annoyance  was  expressed 
on  account  of  the  land  not  being  surveyed. 
Only  township  lines  are  run  out  to  the  extreme 
east  end." 

The  Spokesiuaii  -  Rcvinc  correspondent 
from  Republic  said : 

"The  city  hall  bell  rang  today  at  12  o'clock 
noon  announcing  the  opening  of  the  north  half 
of  the  Colville  reservation  to  agricultural  set- 
tlers. Within  a  few  minutes  thereafter  there 
were  filings  made  with  the  United  States  Com- 
missioner O.  S.  Stocker.  From  that  time  until 
nine  o'clock  tonight  (October  10)  stragglers 
came  in  until  the  number  reached  twenty-five. 
There  will  he  probably  a  larger  number  tomor- 
row as  none  was  filed  by  those  living  at  any 
considerable  distance  from  Republic,  or  by  per- 
sons who  are  not  old  time  residents.  The  fil- 
ings were  made  upon  lands  near  Curlew  Lake, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


San  Foil  lake  and  along  the  streams  feeding 
those  lakes.  There  are  no  difficulties  over 
lands  so  far  as  known  here.  Several  persons 
filed  on  a  ranch  that  has  been  cultivated  for  sev- 
eral years  by  a  man  named  Murrier,  but  there 
has  been  no  trouble  over  it  yet.  There  were 
two  or  three  races  made  to  catch  the  commis- 
sioner's office  first.  Miss  Elizabeth  E.  Bee- 
croft,  well  known  in  Spokane,  where  she  once 
taught  school,  made  the  ride  from  a  point  on 
Curlew  lake  to  Republic,  nine  miles,  in  fifty-nine 
minutes.  Four  miles  of  the  road  was  over 
Klondike  mountain." 

On  the  same  date  (October  lo)  a  Kettle 
Falls  correspondent  wired : 

"It  is  exceedingly  quiet  here  today,  nowith- 
standing  the  fact  that  the  reservation  was 
opened  at  noon,  nearly  all  those  intending  to  go 
in  having  gone  before  and  settled  on  or  near 
their  prospective  homesteads." 

A  Marcus  correspondent  said : 

"Agent  A.  M.  Anderson,  in  charge  of  the 
Indians  on  the  Colville  reservation,  and  Clair 
Hunt  arrived  here  this  morning  from  an  ex- 
tended trip  through  the  reserve.  The  Indian 
agent  discovered  in  a  number  of  instances  that 
settlers  were  attempting  to  encroach  upon  al- 
lotments and  ordered  the  tresspassers  off.  Mr. 
Hunt  said :  'There  are  "sooners"  all  over  the 
reserve,  and  there  \\as  a  great  rush  to  make 
filings.  Contests  are  numerous,  in  instances 
three  or  four  men  claiming  the  same  land  and 
all  at  work  building  houses  on  it.'  " 

The  interest  taken  by  our  Canadian  friends 
across  the  border  is  manifested  by  the  follow- 
ing from  Grand  Forks,  B.  C,  under  date  Octo- 
ber 1 1  th : 

"Half  a  score  or  more  of  disappointed  and 
disgusted  homeseekers  passed  through  here  to- 
day on  their  way  from  Colville  reservation. 
Thev  came  from  various  points  along  the  upper 


Columbia  river.  Several  of  them  were  accom- 
panied by  their  families.  Theirs  was  a  hard 
luck  story.  In  nearly  every  instance  they  had 
located  on  lands  claimed  by  other  individuals, 
and  rather  than  await  the  outcome  of  intermin- 
able legal  proceedings  they  concluded  to  aban- 
don their  holdings.  Others  less  fortunate  ar- 
rived too  late.  Comparatively  few  of  the  home- 
steaders hastened  to  the  land  office  to  record 
their  filings.  The  majority  contented  them- 
selves with  erecting  shacks  on  their  holdings, 
feeling  confident  that  such  an  evidence  of  good 
faith  would  more  than  counterbalance  priority 
of  registration.  A  number  of  settlers  located 
on  St.  Peter's  Flat,  south  of  Curlew,  only  to 
discover  today  that  their  lands  had  already 
been  patented  as  placer  claims." 

On  October  loth  and  nth  filings  were 
made  on  homesteads  in  the  Colville  reserva- 
tion at  the  dififerent  land  offices  as  follows: 
Waterville,  1 1 1  homesteads  and  eight  soldiers' 
applications ;  Republic,  40 ;  Spokane,  37. 

The  free  homestead  law  which  was  then  ap- 
plied to  the  north  half  of  the  Colville  Indian 
reservation  has  certainly  made  that  region  an 
attractive  field  for  the  bona  fide  homeseeker. 
The  uncertainty  of  Indian  titles  there  had  been 
a  rather  strong  incentive  for  white  people  to 
remain  away  from  that  region.  But  since  it 
has  been  made  clear  what  constitutes  a  "real 
Indian"  for  homestead  purposes,  it  appears  that 
a  new  and  vast  acreage  of  the  reservation  that 
had  been  held  under  Indian  claims  by  white 
men  and  half  breeds,  claiming  by  marital  ties 
is  actually  open  to  homestead  entry.  There  is 
quite  a  large  area  lying  east  of  the  Kettle  river 
that  has  not  been  prospected  with  a  view  to 
settlement  by  the  people  coming  into  the  coun- 
try. It  is  now  easily  accessible,  supplied  with 
plenty  of  water  and  timber,  and  comprises  the 
finest  land  and  stock  range  in  the  countr\'. 


KING  GOLD  AND  COPPER   MINES. 


FRUIT  EXHIBIT  AT  THE  STEVENS  COUNTY  FAIR, 
COLVILLE.  SEPTEMBER.    1903. 


RUINS  OF  THE  OLD  JESUIT   MISSION. 

Near  Kettle   Falls.      Erected  in   1858.   replacing  a  formi 
Church  built  in  1846. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


MINES  AND    QUARRIES. 


Due  justice  to  the  subject  of  which  this 
chapter  treats  could  not  be  done  without  a  brief 
introduction  concerning  the  geology  of  Stevens 
county.  Although  the  Old  Dominion  mine, 
carrying  gold,  silver  and  lead,  was  the  original 
mineral  property  opened  in  what  is  now  the 
state  of  Washington,  it  is  to  her  marble,  ser- 
pentine, jasper  and  cjuartzite  developments  that 
the  county  owes  her  prominence.  As  has  Ijeen 
previously  stated  the  country  rock  is  granite, 
(juartzite,  marble,  limestone  and  metamorphic 
rock  in  general.  The  marbles  show  stratifica- 
tion in  but  few  places,  the  metamorphism  hav- 
ing been  great  enough  in  most  instances  to  de- 
stroy all  traces  of  it.  In  places  the  sedimentary 
deposits  are  steeply  inclined,  having  been  much 
disturbed.  In  certain  localities  the  marbles  are 
found  in  contact  with  the  granites.  In  the 
great  part  of  the  district  fossils,  if  they  e\'er 
did  exist,  have  been  destroyed.  They  are  found 
in  extremely  limited  quantities  near  Valley- 
Brook  where  the  Washington  Brick,  Lime  and 
Manufacturing  Company  are  quarrying  the 
limestone  that  occurs  there  and  using  it  for  the 
manufacture  of  lime.  These  fossils  have  been 
poorly  preserved,  and  as  yet  it  has  not  been  pos- 
sible to  do  much  with  them.  They  ha\'e  the 
a])pearance  of  being  Palaeozoic  corals. 

The  same  limestone  and  marble  deposits 
are  found  to  the  north  of  Stevens  county  in 
British  Columbia  and  in  some  places  they  con- 
tain a  few  poorly  preser\-ed  fossils  which  are 
thought  to  be  of  the  Carboniferous  age.  It  is 
quite  likely  that  the  Stevens  county  marbles 
and  limestones  are  of  the  same  age  as  those  in 
British  Columbia.  Should  the  latter  prove  to 
1)6  Carboniferous  the  Stevens  county  fossils  are 
probal:)lv  the  same. 


In  the  southern  part  of  the  marlile  area  it 
occurs  low  down  either  in  valleys  or  low  foot- 
hills. To  the  north  it  is  found  at  a  much 
greater  altitude.  Igneous  and  metamorphic 
rocks,  such  as  granite,  slate  and  quartzite  are 
found  in  the  highest  part  of  the  mountain 
ranges.  In  the  foot-hills  which  border  the  Col- 
\-ille  A^alley,  from  Valley-Brook  to  the  north- 
ern end  is  found  more  or  less  marble  and  lime- 
stone. Indications  show  that  the  marbles  and 
limestones  of  Stevens  county  are  the  remnants 
of  what  was  at  one  period  a  much  larger  de- 
posit covering  the  country  to  the  west  as  far  as 
the  Cascade  Mountains.  This  area  must  have 
been  under  water  at  the  time  these  deposits 
were  forming,  and  these  sediments  accum- 
ulated, following  which  there  was  an  elevation 
and  the  sedimentary  rocks  were  folded  more 
or  less  and  in  places,  batUy  broken.  At  the 
time  this  elevation  took  place  the  igneous  rocks 
were  forced  up  into  those  of  sedimentary  depo- 
sition, the  sedimentary  rocks  more  or  less 
metamorphosed  and  thrown  into  anticlines  and 
sinclines.  At  about  this  period  erosion  began 
to  cut  down  this  area  and  has  succeeded  in  re- 
mo\-ing  a  large  part  of  the  limestone  from  it 
and  especially  from  the  highest  parts  where 
erosion  would  naturally  be  the  greatest.  The 
e\'idence  of  folding  is  not  very  great,  and  such 
evidence  has  been  found  in  but  a  few  instances. 
There  is,  however,  plenty  of  evidence  that  there 
has  been  very  marked  disturlaances  and  in  many 
places  the  strata  are  tilted  and  steeply  inclined. 
In  the  northern  part  of  Stevens  county  there 
are  marked  indications  that  this  part  of  Wash- 
ington was  covered  with  glaciers.  In  places 
large  masses  of  rock,  which  are  unlike  the  rock 
on  which  thev  rest,  are  fnund,  while  in  others 


114 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  country  rock  plainly  shows  the  effects  of 
ice  in  the  polished  surface  and  striations  which 
are  found. 

In  the  matter  of  building  and  ornamental 
stone  of  various  kinds  Stevens  ranks  second  to 
no  county  in  the  state.  Granite,  marble,  jaspar, 
.serpentine  and  limestone  comprise  the  principal 
material  in  this  line.  The  quarry  industry,  yet 
in  its  infancy,  has  made  rapid  strides  during 
the  past  few  \ears  and  a  large  amount  of  money 
has  been  expended  in  developing  this  portion 
of  the  county's  resources.  The  deposits  of 
marble  found  in  various  sections  are  enormous 
and  the  prospect  for  their  being  extensively 
quarried  is  flattering. 

Concerning  the  history  of  the  marble  in- 
dustry in  this  county  Mr.  John  B.  Slater,  while 
editor  of  the  Stevens  County  Reveille,  wrote 
the  following  under  date  of  July  30,  1903  : 

In  view  of  the  interest  being  taken  in  the  develop- 
ment of  this  industry  it  is  interesting  to  know  some- 
thing of  the  history  of  marble  in  its  native  state.  .'\s 
early  as  1804,  when  the  famous  explorers  Lewis  and 
Clarke  traversed  the  wilds  of  the  Pacific  slope,  then 
inhabited  by  Indian  tribes.  General  Clarke  reported  the 
fact  that  a  fine  quality  of  marble  abounded  along  the 
region  traversed  by  the  Columbia  river.  According  to 
his  reports  the  point  traversed  by  the  Columbia  river, 
where  he  noted  the  fact  that  marble  existed,  was  cer- 
tainly somewhere  within  the  boundaries  of  Stevens 
county,  and  as  he  traveled  over  a  vast  range  of  country 
examining  critically  the  geological  formation,  nowhere 
else  did  he  find  anything  in  the  form  or  shape  of  marble 
worth  mentioning.  Soon  after  Fort  Colville,  which  is 
located  three  miles  north  of  this  city,  was  garrisoned, 
in  1839,  by  two  companies  of  California  volunteers  under 
the  command  of  Major  Curtis,  who  was,  before  his 
enlistment,  chief  of  police  of  San  Francisco,  Lieutenant 
Whing,  first  lieutenant  quartermaster  in  his  cortipany, 
died  at  his  own  hands  March  22,  1862. 

This  was  the  first  death  of  an  officer  reported  at 
the  post  since  its  e.stablishment,  and  the  garrison  being 
small  it  created  a  profound  sensation  among  the  few 
who  afforded  the  only  military  protection  to  this  vast 
section  of  country.  It  was  suggested  by  the  soldiers 
that  it  was  proper  that  his  grave  be  marked  by  some 
suitable  monument  and  the  discussion  of  this  matter 
brought  forth  the  opinion  and  the  skill  of  an  ex- 
perienced marble  cutter,  who  was  a  private  in  Lieuten- 
ant Whing's  company,  and  he  straightway,  acting  upon 
the  encouragement  of  his  comrades,  explored  the  region 
inmiediatcly    surrounding    the    fort    for    suitable    stone 


from  which  to  prepare  a  tablet  upon  which  to  inscribe 
the  historical  event.  About  three  miles  southeast  of  the 
fort  he  discovered  a  ledge  of  marble  which  appeared 
to  be  of  suitable  quality  for  the  work  he  had  in  charge, 
and  it  was  from  this  ledge  that  the  beaiitiful  slab  was 
finished  and  lettered  with  the  name  of  the  soldier  and 
the  date  of  his  death,  and  laid  over  the  grave,  a  stone 
monument  erected  as  a  memorial  to  Lieutenant  Whing. 

This  is  supposd  to  be  the  first  marble  tombstone 
erected  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  of  Washington, 
and  it  is  a  fact  worthy  of  commemoration  that  this 
first  monument  was  carved  out  of  Washington  marble. 
When  the  military  authority  caused  the  remains  of  the 
soldier  to  be  taken  from  the  burying  ground  at  the  old 
garrison,  some  twelve  years  ago,  and  removed  to  the 
Presidio  at  San  Francisco  for  final  interment,  the  stone 
over  the  grave  was  discarded  and  soon  afterwards 
picked  up  and  used  by  a  rancher  as  a  base  in  an  open 
fireplace  built  of  stone.  For  a  number  of  years  this 
historical  relic  stood  the  test  of  fire  until  it  was  dis- 
covered by  J.  W.  Douglas  a  few  days  ago  and  he  being 
impressed  with  its  origin,  secured  it  as  a  memento  to 
be  held  by  his  company  commemorative  of  the  first 
product  of  the  kind  in  the  state.  This  stone  was  about 
twenty-eight  inches  wide  by  three  and  a  half  feet  in 
length,  and  is  a  beautiful  blue,  slightly  varigated  with 
white.  The  finish  was  effected  by  crude  methods  at  the 
time,  but  the  surface  took  a  beautiful  finish  which  re- 
mains upon  the  stone  through  ail  its  varied  experiences 
of  climatic  conditions,  which  is  considered  a  very  re- 
liable test  of  the  value  of  the  stone.  It  is  also  worth 
mentioning  that  in  after  years  when  civilization  began 
to  supplant  the  military,  that  the  marble  slab,  which  has 
been  described,  proved  an  index  to  what  has  grown 
into  an  industry  of  such  vast  importance,  .\bout  the 
time  the  stone  was  discared  from,  the  grave  of  Lieuten- 
ant Whing,  Judge  Samuel  Douglas,  of  this  city,  traced 
its  history  and  origin  and  forthwith  located  the  immense 
ledge  from  which  it  was  taken.  Samples  of  the  marble 
from  these  claims  were  sent  to  the  St.  Louis  exposi- 
tion some  twenty-five  years  ago  and  were  reported  as 
possessing  every  element  of  strength,  susceptible  of 
high  polish  and  freedom  from  fracture  that  rendered 
it  of  the  most  desirable  quality  for  commercial  purposes. 

Soon  after  that  George  J.  Wardwell,  one  of  the 
most  widely  known  marble  operators  in  the  state  of 
Vermont,  and  the  inventor  of  many  useful  devices  for 
working  marble,  visited  Colville  and  made  a  most 
thorough  'investigation  of  these  marble  quarries.  He 
pronounced  it  one  of  the  finest  deposits  of  the  native 
material  he  had  ever  seen,  but  discouraged  its  develop- 
ment, because,  as  he  stated,  lack  of  transportation  was, 
practically,  prohibitive  for  working  it  with  the  ex- 
pectation of  any  profit.  Mr.  Douglas  took  fresh  cour- 
age from  the  statement  of  Mr.  Wardwell,  and  after  rail- 
road facilities  had  been  established  in  the  county,  he 
associated  himself  with  his  brother,  J.  W.  Douglas,  a 
well-known  attorney  of  Spokane,  and  a  number  of 
eastern    parties,    and    organized    the    Standard    Marble- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


115 


Onyx  Company.  This  company  acquired  title  to  sur- 
rounding land  until  now  it  has  a  holding  of  nearly  800 
acres  in  one  body  at  this  place.  They  have  also  ac- 
quired some  marble  properties  at  Chewelah,  in  this 
county,  and  have  expended  considerable  capital  and 
energy  in  their  development.  During  the  present  season, 
and  within  the  last  two  months,  the  Standard  Marble- 
Onyx  Company  has  placed  upon  the  quarries  a  large 
plant  of  machinery  for  quarrying  the  marble  and  as  soon 
as  developments  will  justify  they  will  put  in  the  neces- 
sary machinery  and  mills  for  working  and  polishing  the 
marble  upon  the  grounds.  Within  the  next  year  this 
company,  according  to  its  present  plans,  will  have  eight 
or  ten  quarries  opened.  Within  their  holdings  may  be 
found  thirty  different  varieties  and  colors  of  marble ; 
and  these  for  fineness  of  texture,  beauty  of  finish  and 
resistance  of  pressure,  will  equal  if  not  suppass  the 
product  of  any  quarries  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
claimed  that  this  wide  range  of  colors  to  select  from 
renders  it  possible  to  meet  exery  demand  of  the  trade 
without  having  to  divide  honors  with  any  other  concern 
to  furnish  a  quality  of  marble  that  cannot  be  produced 
here. 

Mr.  Charles  Lyman,  who  represents  the  largest  man- 
ufacturers of  marble  machinery  in  the  State  of  Vermont, 
•was  recently  here  from  Rutland,  and  spent  two  months 
examining  the  various  deposits  of  marble  in  this  section. 
His  object  in  making  a  searching  investigation  of  the 
marbles  of  this  county  was  to  determine  the  advisability 
of  looking  to  this  county  for  a  market  for  his  machinery. 
After  going  personally  over  the  ground  Mr.  Lyman 
states  that  the  marbles  of  Washington  are  in  texture, 
far  ahead  of  anything  he  has  ever  seen  east  or  west, 
and  especially  are  they  remarkable  for  solidity.  The 
deposits  stand  vertical  with  a  tendency  pitching  east- 
ward, trending  north  and  south,  which  is  an  evidence 
of  permanance.  The  great  width  of  the  deposits  are  in 
remarkable  contrast  to  the  variety  and  narrow  ledges 
of  the  material  to  be  found  in  most  places  in  the  east. 
Here  a  ledge  of  marble  of  an  identical  color  may  be 
found  without  a  change  for  a  width  of  from  100  feet 
when  another  ledge  of  equal  width  of  another  distinct 
color  may  be  immediately  adjoining;  and  these  changes 
may  occur  over  a   wide  surface  of  country. 

"There  is  no  comparison  to  be  made,"  said  Mr. 
Lyman,  "with  Vermont,  as  against  Washington  marble, 
in  variety  and  colors.  Washington  is  certainly  in  the 
lead  of  all  marble  producing  countries,  and  so  far  as 
the  quality  and  quantity  are  concerned  there  is  a  great 
abundance  of  it  here ;  in  fact  it  is  inexhaustible  and  it 
is  evidenced  from  growing  demands  for  building  ma- 
terial for  fine  finish,  that  the  builders  of  the  country 
must,  eventually,  as  a  matter  of  necessity,  come  to  the 
state  of  Washington   for  their  supply." 

It  is  not  now  a  question  of  transportation  because 
the  west,  so  far  as  marble  is  concerned,  can  compete  with 
.the  east  in  furnishing  its  products  to  the  market. 


The  process  of  extracting  the  various  dimen- 
sions of  marble  is  at  once  interesting  and  in- 
structive. There  is  no  blasting  in  this  delicate 
quarry  work.  All  marble  must  l:>e  drilled  out. 
This  is  accomplished  by  means  of  steam  drills. 
To  raise  a  block  intact  and  free  from  fracture 
a  succession  of  holes  must  be  drilled  around 
the  block.  A  "broaching"  bit  is  then  substi- 
tuted for  the  drill,  and  the  partitions  between 
the  drill  holes  are  cut  out.  The  block  is  then 
loose,  and  is  lifted  by  means  of  a  powerful 
derrick  onto  a  car  running  on  a  tramway  built 
for  the  purpose,  from  the  quarry  to  the  mill, 
where  it  is  placed  under  the  stone  gang  saw. 
This  saw  is  a  sash  apparatus  which  carries  as 
high  as  fifty  blades  if  necessary.  The  saws  are 
adjusted  to  cut  whatever  dimensions  are  re- 
quired. When  sawed  the  marble  slabs,  or 
blocks,  are  passed  on  to  the  rubbing  bed;  the 
face  of  the  stone  is  reduced  to  a  smooth  sur- 
face, and  it  is  ready  for  boxing  and  shipment. 
For  the  manufacture  of  pottery,  terra  cotta, 
sewer  pipe  and  brick  the  county  contains  large 
deposits  of  suitable  clays.  Clays  which  make 
an  excellent  cement  when  mixed  with  limestone 
also  abound.  The  clays  which  occur  around 
Clayton  are  being  used  by  the  Washington 
Brick,  Lime  and  Manufacturing  Company  for 
purposes  of  terra  cotta,  sewer  pipe  and  brick. 
Here  the  company  have  an  extensive  plant 
affordmg  employment  to  a  large  number  of 
men.  Good  pottery  clays  are  found  in  the 
same  locality  that  are  utilized  by  the  Standard 
Stoneware  Company,  the  plant  of  which  is 
located  at  Clayton  in  the  manufacture  of  all 
kinds  of  pottery  ware.  Limestone  suitable  for 
the  manufacture  of  lime  is  found  at  Valley- 
Brook,  an  excellent  grade  of  lime  being  pro- 
duced. 

Reverting  to  the  subject  of  marble  it  may 
be  said  that  the  Crystal  Marble  Company  is  one 
of  the  few  corporations  of  this  sort  in  the  west 
whose  operations  have  passed  the  experimental 
stage.    Although  the  first  location  was  made  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


June,  1899.  the  present  company  was  not  in- 
corporated unt'l  August,  1901.  The  work  of 
legitimate  development  has  been  constant!}'  and 
consistently  prosecuted  until  at  the  present  time 
no  question  exists  as  to  the  ability  of  the  quar- 
ries to  produce  a  marble  of  exceptional 
value  in  quantities  so  great  that  the  out- 
put need  only  be  limited  by  the  extent 
of  the  operations.  The  quarries  of  which 
five  large  ones  have  been  opened  and  put 
into  condition  for  immediate  production  are 
located  about  nine  miles  southwest  of  the  town 
of  Colville.  and  the  land  held  by  the  company 
covers  an  extent  of  1340  acres,  or  an  area  as 
great  as  sixty-seven  full  mining  claims,  or  more 
than  eight  farms  of  160  acres  each.  This  prop- 
erty is  not  scattered  but  is  in  one  block,  and  is 
heavily  wooded  with  pine,  cedar  and  fir  timber 
of  excellent  size.  This  asset  of  the  company 
alone  is  a  very  valuable  one ;  but  when  consid- 
eration is  taken  of  the  fact  that  it  is  almost  cer- 
tain that  this  vast  area  is  entirely  underlaid 
with  marble  of  high  quality,  the  value  of  the 
timber)  sinks  into  comparative  insignificance. 
Recent  borings  in  the  vicinity  show  a  depth  of 
1 100  feet  vertical  of  crystaline  limestone  or  mar- 
ble and  the  continuity  of  the  material  for  the 
working  of  many  generations — perhaps  cen- 
turies— is  thereby  assured.  The  contour  of  the 
country  at  and  surrounding  the  quarriesof  the 
Crystal  Marble  Company  is  all  that  could  be  de- 
sired. Two  excellent  roads  of  easy  grade  lead 
down  to  Colville  and  Addy  on  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern  Railway.  For  the  near  fu- 
ture a  spur  to  the  quarries  has  been  promised, 
and  railroad  rates  have  been  secured  which  will 
allow  the  product  to  be  shipped  as  far  east  as 
the  Mississippi  river  and  lake  points. 

The  Crystal  Marble  Company  is  incorpor- 
ated under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Washington, 
with  offices  at  Colville.  The  officers  are  Robert 
E.  Lee.  president,  C.  W.  Winter,  treasurer.  F. 
H.  Chase,  manager,  Symons  Block.  Spokane. 
C.  F.  Conrady.  vice  president  and  C.  A.  Mantz. 
secretary.     It  is  reported  that  Larson  &  Green- 


ough  recently  paid  for  a  one-quarter  interest  in 
the  property  $25,000. 

The  officers  of  the  Keystone  Marble  Com- 
pany, another  promising  quarry,  are  E.  M. 
Heifner,  president:  William  E.  Richardson, 
joint  judge  of  Spokane  and  Stevens  counties, 
vice  president ;  W.  L.  Sax,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer; S.  S.  Beggs,  J.  F.  Lavigne,  George  Bell, 
W.  R.  Baker  and  T.  F.  O'Leary,  trustees.  The 
Eureka  Marble  Quarries,  now  the  property  of 
the  Keystone  Marble  Company,  are  situated 
about  sixteen  miles  north  of  Colville,  in  Stev- 
ens county,  and  in  the  foot-hills  of  the  Pend 
d'  Oreille  range  of  mountains.  Bossburg,  ten 
miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  railway  station,  with 
an  easy  grade.  These  properties  comprise  the 
Eureka  No.  i.  Eureka  No.  2,  Eureka  No.  3  and 
Eureka  No.  4.  Each  of  these  claims  is  600  feet 
in  width  by  1.500  feet  in  length  and  the  aggre- 
gate area  covered  is  about  eighty  acres  of  pure 
marble.  An  estimate  of  the  character  and 
values  of  these  properties  is.  indeed,  flattering. 
It  is  claimed  that  this  vast  deposit  is  capable  of 
producing  a  quality  of  marble  superior  to  the 
finest  statuary  product  of  Italy.  Only  the  \^er- 
mont  quarries  furnish  it,  and  that  in  limited 
quantities.  It  is  said  that  the  product  will  com- 
mand an  average  of  $12  per  cubic  foot  at  any 
point  in  America,  and  it  is  no  more  expensive 
to  take  this  marble  from  its  restifig  place  than 
it  is  the  cheaper  qualities.  Ordinarily  white 
marble  is  worth  from  $4  to  $10  per  cubic  foot 
to  the  trade.  Aside  from  the  pure  white  the 
Keystone  carries  a  variety  of  colored  marble 
ranging  from  the  most  delicate  tints  to  deep 
gray,  mottled  and  white.  There  are  also  beau- 
tiful pinks  and  deeper  shades  showing  brilliant 
effects  when  when  polished.  Facility  for  pro- 
duction is  excellent.  This  feature  has  been  ex- 
amined by  Mr.  George  Bell,  who  enjoys  a  long 
ex])erience  as  an  artificer  in  stime,  especially 
marble.  It  is  his  testimony  that  the  stone  is 
substantially  in  place,  and  that  it  has  not  been 
broken  up,  checked  or  shattered  by  volcanic 
action,  or  other  subterranean  disturbances.     He 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


stated  that  all  atmospheric  effect  ceased  at  a 
depth  of  from  six  to  twenty  feet  below  the  sur- 
face, and  that  beneath  these  depths  the  marble 
is  solid  in  texture,  meeting  every  requirement 
as  to  pressure  and  expansion,  and  is  susceptible 
of  the  most  delicate  carvings  and  the  most  soft 
and  beautiful  polish.  It  is  estimated  that 
$2o;ooo  will  place  a  plant  of  marble-working 
machinery  on  these  properties  that  will  afford 
substantial  results  from  the  sale  of  the  product. 
The  Columbia  River  Marble  Company  has 
acquired  title  to  1,300  acres  of  marble  land. 
This  is  a  mountain  of  marble;  resembles  no 
other  deposit  in  this  country  and  is  an  inex- 
haustible mass  which  cannot  be  estimated  in 
cubic  feet  without  making  the  figures  look 
ridiculously  large.  The  marble  rises  in  giant 
cliffs,  spreads  in  broad,  smooth  floors,  and  is 
present  upon  every  foot  of  the  tract  owned  by 
the  company.  This  property  lies  one  hundred 
miles  north  of  Spokane,  three  miles  from  Boss- 
burg,  and  just  across  the  Columbia  river  from 
the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway  which 
is  a  part  of  the  Great  Northern  trans-conti- 
nental line.  From  the  marble  bluffs  a  cable 
tram  will  land  blocks  of  any  desired  size  upon 
the  cars  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stream.  Its 
proximity  to  transportation  adds  largely  to  the 
value  of  the  property.  The  greater  portion  of 
the  marble  is  cream-tinted,  with  occasional 
bold  markings  of  black  and  often  delicate  trac- 
ings and  pencilings  of  the  latter.  It  is  close 
knit,  solid  at  the  very  surface,  semi-translucent 
and  a  fine  crystalled  marble.  It  takes  a  plate 
glass  polish  without  the  application  of  expen- 
sive materials.  This  peculiar  cream-tinted 
marble  is  identical  in  appearance  with  the 
world-famous  Pavanazza  marble  of  Italy. 
With  American  architects  the  Italian  Pa- 
vanazza is  popular,  and  they  are  using  it  abund- 
antly in  interior  decorative  work  in  eastern 
cities.  The  officers  of  the  Columbia  River  Mar- 
ble Company  are  George  W.  White,  of  New 
York,  president;  Thomas  H.'  Greenway,  of 
Onyx,   Washington,  vice-president,   and  Jesse 


L.  Bishop,  of  Spokane,  secretary.  Air.  Green- 
way  was  the  first  to  discover  and  develop  mar- 
ble in  Washington,  and  Mr.  Bishop  was  for 
three  years  at  the  head  of  the  office  force  of  the 
United  States  Marble  Company,  of  Spokane. 
One  of  the  most  valuable  locations  of  the  Co- 
lumbia Company  is  "Spion  Kop,"  a  round- 
topped  mountain  of  marble,  every  cubic  inch  of 
which  is  high  grade  material,  rivalling  the  best 
Italian  marble. 

Of  this  deposit  Conner  Malott,  city  editor 
of  the  Spokesman-Rcvieiv  has  written  : 

A  deposit  of  marble  has  been  found  in  Stevens 
county  that  is  nothing,  short  of  amazing  in  size  and  in 
the  variety  of  the  ornamental  stone  which  it  contains. 
It  lies  along  the  bluffs  on  the  west  shore  of  the  Columbia 
river,  two  miles  above  Bossburg,  and  to  measure  it 
by  metes  and  bounds  would  be  almost  impossible.  A 
vast  deposit  of  the  rock  extends  for  nearly  two  miles 
and  has  been  exposed  over  a  surface  of  more  than  one 
thousand  acres.  Throughout  the  whole  property  marble 
outcrops  at  the  very  surface  in  broad,  smooth  floors  or 
in  mighty  bluffs,  of  a  size  that  seem  incredible.  .\t 
Spion  Kop,  the  highest  point  where  it  is  exposed,  there 
is  a  cliff  of  white  marble  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  long 
that  rises  almost  as  sheer  as  the  side  of  a  house,  for  two 
hundred  feet. 

There  are  tombstones  for  unborn  millions  in  that 
huge  wall  alone. 

The  property  was  examined  pretty  thoroughly  by 
Thomas  H.  Greenway,  superintendent  of  the  United 
States  Marble  Company,  and  he  has  spent  more  or  less 
time  on  it  since.  Mr.  Greenway  and  C.  E.  Mitchell 
organized  a  corporation  to  work  the  property.  They 
called  it  the  Columbia  River  Marble  Company,  and  they 
have  started  development.  The  company  has  secured 
title  to  1,230  acres  of  marble  land.  There  is  very  little 
wash  on  the  property  and  the  marble  outcrops  to  the  air 
in  hundreds  of  places.  It  shows  upon  the  hillside  in  al- 
most perfectly  plane  floors  that  are  like  the  top  of  a 
table  in  smoothness  and  freedom  from  cracks.  Then 
in  the  cliffs,  such  as  those  on  Spion  Kop,  it  breaks  away 
in  precipices  that  make  one  almost  too  dizzy  to  look 
down  upon. 

The  marble  is  of  many  grades.  At  the  southern 
portion  of  the  property  it  is  a  hard,  white  crystal,  not 
unlike  loaf  sugar  in  color  and  texture,  though  it  takes 
a  fine  polish.  It  is  peculiarly  hard  and  is  perhaps  best 
adapted  for  exterior  building  purposes.  Toward  the 
middle  of  the  property  it  gives  way  to  a  mottled  stone, 
where  the  white  rock  is  shot  through  with  streaks  and 
patches  of  a  darker  tone.  There  seems  to  be  no  limit 
to  the  white  and  mottled  stone.  Mr.  Greenway  con- 
fidently declares  that   with  a    few  channeling  machines 


ii8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


at  work  he  can  turn  out  marble  at  such  low  cost  that  it 
could  compete  with  granite  as  a  building  material  in 
Spokane.  He  declares  that  he  can  keep  dimension  stock 
in  yards  in  Spokane  so  cheaply  that  a  man  wanting  a 
stone  step  or  a  sill  for  a  door  can  get  it  of  marble  at 
the  price  he  would  have  to  pay  for  ordinary  building 
rock.  If  a  quarter  of  what  Mr.  Greenway  confidently 
e.xpects  should  come  true  marble  from  the  Columbia 
river  quarries  will  soon  be  a  staple  in  the  building  trade 
throughout  the  northwest.  It  is  not  all  marble  of  such 
a  character,  however.  At  the  north  of  the  property, 
between  Spion  Kop  and  the  river,  there  is  a  deposit 
of  cream-colored  stone  which  is  too  rare  ever  to  be  used 
for  common  work.  Marble  men  say  that  it  most  re- 
sembles the  Pavanazza  marble  of  Italy.  It  is  a  faintly 
colored  stone,  partly  translucent,  and  its  color  tones  are 
exquisite.  It  will  always  be  used  for  the  highest  grade 
of  interior  finish.  Mr.  Greenway  expects  it  will  be  the 
product  which  will  give  the  widest  fame  to  the  quarries, 
and  certainly  it  is  a  wonderfully  beautiful  stone. 

Nestled  within  the  confines  of  the  property  are  two 
delightful  little  lakes,  one  of  which  has  long  been 
known  to  the  Indians  for  its  curative  qualities.  It  is 
surrounded  on  every  side  by  marble  outcrops,  and  it  is 
probably  the  only  place  in  the  world  where  the  noble 
Siwash  has  bathed  himself  in  a  marble  bathtub. 


The  Jefferson  Marble,  Mining  &  Milling- 
Company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
the  state  of  Washington  on  the  28th  day  of 
August,  1899,  by  the  discoverers  of  the  first 
deposit  of  marble.  The  present  ofificers  are  D. 
J.  Zent,  Colville,  president ;  Samuel  Hutchin- 
son, Lind,  Washington,  vice-president:  George 
J.  Heimbach,  Colville,  treasurer:  W.  W.  Zent, 
Ritzville,  Washington,  secretary.  The  trustees 
are  S.  Ott,  W.  W.  King,  George  H.  Kanzler, 
H.  E.  Hill,  W.  W.  Zent.  The  marble  property 
acquired  is  comprised  in  three  claims  known  as 
the  "Lilywhite,"  "Sunnyside,"  and  the  "Unex- 
pected." These  were  taken  under  the  placer 
regulations  and  each  contains  twenty  acres. 
The  company's  property  is  in  the  Colville  Min- 
ing district,  situated  between  the  north  and 
south  forks  of  Clugston  creek,  fourteen  miles 
by  wagon  road  north  of  Colville.  The  com- 
pany now  owns  450  acres,  or  twenty-two 
claims,  together  with  the  exclusive  water  right 
on  Clugston  creek,  and  plenty  of  timber  for 
lumber  and  fuel  for  many  years  to  come. 

This  marble  has  a  specific  gravity  of  2.'/2,^\ 


and  171  pounds  to  the  cubic  foot  in  weight,  or 
13. 1  feet  per  ton.  It  has  a  resisting  strength  of 
2,100  pounds  to  the  cubic  inch.  There  are 
twelve  distinct  colors  varying  from  dark  blue 
to  pure  statuary  white.  There  are,  also,  pink, 
rose  and  mottled  grades,  all  susceptible  of  a 
high  polish.  The  company  enlisted  the  services 
of  a  very  capable  and  thorough  mining  engi- 
neer, Mr.  Charles  Carruthers,  a  graduate  of  the 
Royal  School  of  England,  who  made  careful 
and  scientific  examinations.  This  was  done  be- 
fore any  great  amount  of  money  was  expended. 
The  result  of  each  examination  and  test  is  said 
by  the  officers  of  the  company  to  haA-e  been 
highly  satisfactory.  The  price  of  this  marble 
ranges  from  $3  to  $15  per  cubic  foot  f.  o.  b.  at 
Colville.  The  price  depends  upon  the  color, 
quality  and  quantity  purchased. 

The  Jefferson  Company  owns,  also,  four 
mineral  claims,  carrying  carbonates  and  silver. 
The  principal  one,  the  Comstock,  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  promising  proposi- 
tions in  the  district.  There  are  250  feet  of 
tunnel,  20  feet  of  winze  and  35  feet  of  drift, 
making  a  total  of  365  feet  of  underground 
work,  together  with  an  ore  chute  500  feet  in 
length.  This  property  is  about  one  mile  south 
and  east  of  the  marble  quarries. 

Among  other  marble  prospects  under  de- 
velopment are  a  number  of  most  flattering  lo- 
cations in  Stevens  county.  The  Chewelah 
Marble  Company,  seven  miles  southeast  of 
Northport,  is  about  ready  to  ship  its  product,  as 
is,  also,  the  Allen  Marble  Company,  two  miles 
south  of  the  same  city.  The  United  States 
Marble  Company,  twelve  miles  west  of  Valley, 
is  quite  an  extensive  concern,  producing  several 
varieties  of  varigated  stone  for  which  it  finds  a 
ready  market.  The  Great  Western  Company, 
eight  miles  west  of  Addy,  is  just  beginning  to 
market  its  product,  while  the  North  American, 
west  of  Valley,  and  the  Colonial,  six  miles  west 
of  Addy,  do  not  as  yet  ship  any  marble,  but  ex- 
pect to  do  so  at  an  early  day. 

During  the  month  of  October,    1903,  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


119 


United  States  Marble  Company  closed  two  im- 
portant deals,  one  in  Seattle  and  the  other  in 
New  York,  for  the  sale  of  $21,000  worth  of 
their  Italian  green  marble.  The  Seattle  con- 
tract called  for  $11,000  worth  of  the  marble 
from  the  quarries  of  the  United  States  Com- 
pany to  be  used  in  decorating  the  entrance  of 
the  Lumber  Exchange,  in  the  coast  city.  The 
following  day  an  order  was  received  from  New 
York  for  five  car-loads  in  the  rough,  involving 
a  purchase  price  of  $10,000. 

In  1890  the  initial  lime  kiln  was  placed  in 
commission  in  Stevens  county  for  the  purpose 
of  burning  lime  for  the  trade.  Previous 
to  that  period  all  the  lime  for  building  purposes 
was  brought  from  Puget  Sound.  Today  the 
Stevens  county  kilns  supply  the  demands  of 
nearly  all  of  Eastern  Oregon,  Washington, 
Idaho  and  a  part  of  British  Columbia.  The 
Springdale  Lime  Works,  having  kilns  also  at 
Clayton,  are  the  largest  on  the  Pacific  coast 
and  are  said  to  produce  the  best  quality  of  lime 
on  the  market. 

THE   METALINE  DISTRICTS. 

The  original  search  for  mineral  in  Wash- 
ington dates  from  an  early  day.  It  had  been 
followed  in  a  desultory  manner  since  the  first 
excitement  attending  the  discovery  of  placer 
claims  in  the  vicinity  of  Oro  Fino,  Idaho.  So 
early  as  1858  Indians  attacked  and  turned  back 
several  parties  of  miners  attempting  to  make 
.  their  way  to  the  northward  of  Colville  Valley 
in  search  of  alleged  bonanzas  lying  across  the 
boundary.  Owing  to  this  fact  a  number  of 
these  would-be  prospectors  and  miners  located 
in  the  Colville  Valley,  sought  other  lines  of  in- 
dustry and  became  influential  and  respected 
citizens,  contributing  much  to  the  upbuilding 
of  the  country. 

For  a  number  of  years  following  the  rather 
indefinite  and  unsuccessful  pursuit  of  the  yel- 
low metal  stories  continued  to  be  rife  of  ex- 
ceedingly rich  exposures  of  outcroppings,  and 


these  tales  continued  to  fan  the  flames  of  inter- 
est in  the  locality  now  known  as  Colville.  The 
Kootenays  had  not  been  discovered.  The  rich 
mineralized  sections  of  the  Coeur  d'  Alenes  had 
been  merely  scratched  by  prospectors,  although 
some  faint  idea  of  the  value  of  the  district  was 
l>eginning  to  be  realized.  Northeastern  Wash- 
ington was,  practically,  unexplored.  About  this 
period  Patrick  and  William  Kearney  advanced 
into  this  vicinity  on  a  prospecting  trip.  They 
had  been  told  of  the  existence  of  mineral  in 
some  sequestered  spot  of  what  was  in  that  day 
the  Territory  of  Washington.  This  informa- 
tion had  been  conveyed  to  them  by  Indians. 
According  to  fairly  well  authenticated  tradi- 
tion they  were  out  in  search  of  this  legendary 
gold  deposit. 

It  was  in  March,  1885,  that  the  Old  Do- 
minion mine,  a  gold,  silver  and  lead  proposi- 
tion, was  discovered,  probably  the  original 
quartz  location  in  Eastern  Washington.  The 
history  of  its  discovery  is  interesting.  The  two 
Kearneys,  accompanied  by  A.  E.  Benoist,  were 
first  encouraged  by  indications  of  mineral 
found  on  the  mountain  upon  which  is  now  lo- 
cated the  Nevada  and  New  Era  group  of  mines. 
An  expert  might  term  the  discovery  highly 
scientific;  a  "tenderfoot"  will,  doubtless,  pro- 
nounce it  a  pure  run  of  luck.  It  was  the  winter 
season ;  the  slopes  of  the  mountain  range, 
sheering  ofif  to  the  northeast,  afforded  a  most 
picturesque  view :  a  panorama  painted  by  the 
hand  of  nature,  and  one  of  the  many  which 
brighten  the  scenic  perspective  of  the  entire 
state  of  Washington. 

By  taste,  experience  and,  perhaps,  the 
strong  influence  of  heredity,  Mr.  Benoist  was 
a  genuine  and  an  ardent  prospector;  one  of 
those  sanguine  natures  with  a  vivid  imagina- 
tion in  the  line  of  mineral  exploitation.  It  is 
said  today  that  never  was  he  inactive  while 
among  the  foot-hills  or  the  mountains,  a  rest- 
less, eager  hunter  for  the  gleam  of  treasure. 
On  the  west  side  of  the  river  he  had  discovered 
outcroppings.     From  the  summit  of  the  nearest 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


peak  which  he  immediately  ascended  he  took 
his  bearings  to  the  northward.  In  his  mind  was 
firmly  implanted  the  idea  that  upon  this  fissure 
there  was  certain  to  be  an  overflow,  and  at  that 
spot  he  would  gain  all  the  wealth  he  desired. 

But  there  sprung  up  among  this  trio  of 
gold  seekers  a  radical  difference  of  opinion. 
The  two  Kearneys  declared  that  Benoist  was 
demented.  But  not  yet  did  they  decide  to  de- 
sert him.  With  rapid  steps  the  three  men  set 
out  and  walked  a  killing  pace  for  two  days. 
The  third  day  found  them  seated  on  a  sunny 
slope  at  the  south  end  of  the  Old  Dominion,  at 
that  time  called  Colville  Mountain.  The  con- 
versation between  the  three  prospectors  was 
heated  and  the  debate  all  one-sided  so  far  as 
weight  of  opinion  was  concerned.  The  two 
Kearneys  were  disgusted  and  were  trying 
seduously  to  persuade  Benoist  to  return  with 
them  to  the  confines  of  civilization.  But  he  re- 
mained obdurate.  He  declared  himself  deter- 
mined to  prosecute  his  original  idea,  saying  en- 
thusiastically that  somewhere  on  that  mountain 
must  be  the  overflow  of  which  he  was  in  search. 
W^eary,  footsore  and  discouraged  the  Kearneys 
who  had  determined  to  abandon  Benoist,  loi- 
tered upon  the  pleasant  spot  where  they  had 
paused  for  temporary  relaxation  from  the 
heavy  strain  upon  them.  Idly  they  swung 
their  prospecting  picks  in  a  vain  endeavor  to 
convice  Benoist  of  the  errors  of  his  calcula- 
tions. A  sharp  point  of  rock  was  broken  from 
the  glacial  covering  of  soil.  It  proved  to  be 
mineralized.  The  expert  Benoist  hastily  pro- 
claimed the  discovery.  He  proceeded  to  inves- 
tigate the  extent  of  the  deposit.  Half  an  hour 
later  stakes  were  driven  and  the  Old  Dominion 
mine  was  located — a  mine  which  produced  over 
$500,000  in  silver,  lead  and  gold  during  the 
same  year  of  its  discovery.  There  were  four 
original  locators  named  in  the  filing,  as  neither 
the  Kearneys  nor  Benoist  possessed  capital,  and 
each  of  these  for  several  years  enjoyed  an  in- 
come of  $8,000  a  month. 


At  the  time  he  first  observed  the  outcrop- 
ping Benoist  is  credited  with  saying : 

"There  is  plenty  of  mineral  in  this  hill,  but 
we  are  too  poor  to  fool  with  it,  because  we  will 
have  to  give  some  of  it  away  to  get  money  to 
develop  it." 

Benoist  also  contended  that  if  they  had  con- 
tiriued  south  on  the  same  contact  they  would 
have  found  a  mine  as  good  as  the  Old  Domin- 
ion. The  Deer  Trail  group  of  mines  have  been 
developed  upon  the  same  contact  but  in  a 
southerly  direction  from  the  original  discovery. 
For  four  years  they  produced  liberally  and  of  a 
quality  of  ore  identical  with  that  of  the  Old 
Dominion. 

Writing  in  1895  Mr.  John  B.  Slater  con- 
tinues the  description  of  the  Old  Dominion 
mine,  bringing  it  down  to  that  date.  It  will  be 
observed  by  the  reader  that  he  gives  credit  to 
W.  H.  Kearney,  A.  E.  Benoist  and  E.  E. 
Alexander  for  its  discovery  and  location.  He 
says: 

"Stevens  county  since  its  earliest  settle- 
ments were  made,  over  fifty  years  ago,  has  been 
known  as  a  mineral  country,  but  it  remained 
for  more  advanced  civilization  to  take  the  first 
steps  in  development  of  the  resources  in  that 
direction.  It  was  in  the  month  of  March,  1885, 
that  the  discovery  of  the  Old  Dominion  was 
made  by  W.  H.  Kearney,  .A.  E.  Benoist  and  E. 
E.  Alexander  upon  the  east  end  of  what  is  now 
known  as  Old  Dominion  mountain,  si.x  miles 
east  of  the  town  of  Colville.  They  had  traced  a 
limestone  and  granite  contact  over  the  country 
for  many  miles  in  search  of  mineral,  but  were 
attracted  to  a  spot  on  the  point  of  the  mountain 
where  the  snow  had  melted  from  the  ground. 
It  was  at  this  point  that  the  three  prospectors, 
while  discussing  the  lay  of  the  beautiful  pan- 
orama of  country  that  lay  to  the  south  and 
west,  saw  croppings  of  rich  ore  projecting  from 
the  crevices  along  the  brow  of  the  cliff  beneath 
their  feet.  The  trained  eye  of  the  experienced 
prospector  seized  the  fragments  of  the  precious 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


metal  that  had  been  so  mysteriously  revealed, 
with  exultations  of  joy  that  knew  no  bounds. 
The  location  was  staked  off  and  named  the 
Old  Dominion.  With  their  own  hands  these 
prospectors  extracted  several  tons  of  the  ore, 
and  with  the  assistance  of  friends,  secured 
transportation  for  it  to  San  Francisco,  where  it 
was  given  a  thorough  test  and  netted  them 
nearly  $3,000. 

"This  discovery  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  whole  west  to  the  mineral  fields  of  Wash- 
ington for  the  first  time,  and  since  that  day  a 
steady  growth  has  characterized  the  industry; 
and  the  world  has  never  lost  interest  in  the 
merit  and  extent  of  its  development  and  pro- 
duction. As  has  teen  frequently  said,  the  Old 
Dominion  has  paid  from  the  grass  roots.  From 
the  day  of  its  discovery  it  has  been  in  active 
operation,  during  a  period  of  ten  years  (or 
since  1885).  It  had  not  one  dollar  of  capital 
to  start  with,  but  it  has  been  the  means  of  lay- 
ing the  foundation  for  the  fortunes  of  hun- 
dreds of  people  who  now  live  happily  and  con- 
tented with  themselves  beneath  the  shadow  of 
the  great  mountain  which  bears  its  name.  In 
1892  Mr.  G.  B.  Dennis,  one  of  the  best  known 
financiers  of  the  Pacific  slope,  who  has  had  vast 
€xperience  in  the  development  of  a  number  of 
the  greatest  mining  enterprises  in  the  country, 
examined  this  property  with  a  view  to  ascer- 
tain its  possible  extent  and  value,  hoping  that 
the  information  thus  obtained  might  serve  him 
to  great  advantage  in  making  investments  and 
developing  other  enterprises  in  the  country.  He 
was  so  much  pleased  with  it  that  he  resolved  to 
purchase  it.  After  repeated  efforts  Mr.  Dennis 
and  his  associates  in  the  transaction  succeeded 
in  effecting  a  purchase  of  the  property  for  a 
large  sum  of  money.  Mr.  Dennis,  through  his 
intimate  relations  with  the  money  centers  of 
the  east,  and  by  a  long  established  reputation 
for  integrity,  great  executive  ability  and  busi- 
ness foresight,  coupled  with  indomitable  energy 
and  unsurpassed  skill  in  the  management  and 
control  of  great  enterprises,   immediately  or- 


ganized the  Old  Dominion  Mining  &  Concen- 
trating Company,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000, 
with  G.  B.  Dennis  as  president  and  general 
manager;  Cyrus  Bradley,  secretary;  John 
Hanly,  superintendent.  The  Old  Dominion 
mine  was  at  once  transferred  to  the  ownership 
and  control  of  this  corporation.  No  sooner 
had  the  company  been  organized  than  the  capi- 
tal stock  was  all  subscribed  and  it  was  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  substantial  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  the  country.  Many  thou- 
sands of 'dollars  were  at  once  expended  in  the 
construction  of  the  largest  concentrating  plant 
in  the  state  of  Washington.  The  machinery  is 
of  the  best  and  of  the  latest  improved  pattern. 
An  80-horse-power  compressed  air  plant  was 
built,  and  heavy  hoisting  machinery  placed  in 
position.  A  shaft  is  now  being  sunk  to  the 
600-foot  level  to  meet  the  face  of  a  1200-foot 
tunnel,  and  in  all  about  5,000  feet  of  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done.  Regardless  of  the 
low  price  of  silver  during  a  long  period  of  un- 
precedented financial  depression,  and  the  con- 
dition of  distrust  that  has  prevailed  through- 
out the  country,  this  mine  has  kept  a  large  force 
of  men  employed  continually,  and  under  its 
present  management  has  produced  over  $600,- 
000  of  high-grade  ore  from  its  vast  deposits 
near  the  original  discovery  that  have  been 
worked  from  a  depth  not  to  exceed  seventy-five 
feet  from  the  surface  of  the  ground  at  that 
point.  The  value  of  the  ore  is  carefully  esti- 
mated at  450  ounces  of  silver  per  ton,  and  33 
per  cent  lead.  Large  reserves  of  rich  ore  are  in 
sight.  The  company  will  not  ship  ore  at  pres- 
ent for  the  reason  that  it  possesses  the  capital 
to  push  development,  and  considers  it  a  prefer- 
able investment  to  store  the  product  in  waiting 
for  better  times  and  higher  prices  in  the  future. 
"The  Old  Dominion  Company  now  owns, 
in  addition  to  the  Old  Dominion  mine,  fifteen 
other  properties  adjoining  and  is  pursuing  a  ju- 
dicious, systematic  and  vigorous  policy  in  their 
development.  Mr.  Dennis  was  the  first  to  in- 
troduce heavy  capital  in   the  Coeur  d'   Alene 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mines  of  Idaho,  and  has  been  a  great  factor  in 
the  development  of  the  mining  of  the  North- 
west, and  will  continue  to  direct  the  same  force 
in  the  upbuilding  of  the  mining  interests  of 
Stevens  county,  which  he  recognizes  as  the 
richest  field  in  which  he  has  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  interest  himself." 

The  mining  interests  of  all  districts  have 
been  marked  with  alternate  prosperity  and  de- 
pression. In  this  respect  what  is  known  as  the 
Colville  district  has  not  differed  materially 
from  others.  Yet  the  fact  remains  that  it  has 
■  reached  a  more  advanced  stage  of  development 
and  produced  more  ore  than  any  other  silver 
district  in  the  state  of  Washington.  It  forms 
the  southern  half  of  a  belt  extending  about  ten 
miles  east  from  the  Columbia  river  across  the 
Colville,  and  from  the  headwaters  of  Cedar  and 
Deep  creeks,  which  debouch  into  the  Pend  d' 
Oreille  river  near  the  National  Boundry  line, 
southward  for  seventy-five  miles,  terminating 
in  that  direction  in  the  Cedar  Canyon  District. 
Like  all  other  pioneer  discoveries  it  has  had  its 
successive  periods  of  activity  and  torpor. 

The  formation  of  this  belt  of  country  is 
granite,  lime,  slate  and  quartzite,  and  is  veined 
with  a  belt  of  bodies  of  silver-lead  ores,  run- 
ning sometimes  north  and  south  and  others 
east  and  west.  These  occur  either  in  contacts 
between  granite  and  lime,  slate  and  lime,  or 
slate  and  quartzite,  or  in  fissures  in  the  slate  or 
lime.  Where  they  occur  in  the  lime  formation 
the  ledges  show  a  good  deal  of  surface  disturb- 
ance, but  at  depth  settle  into  permanent  bodies 
of  ore  either  in  chutes  or  veins.  In  the  slate 
formation  the  ledges  are  almost  invariably  in 
place. 

Although  there  are  hundreds  of  claims  and 
prospects  throughout  Stevens  county  in  various 
stages  of  development  the  following  is  a  list 
of  the  patented  mines,  the  person  or  persons  in 
whose  names  the  property  is  assessed  and  the 
full  value  of  each  mine,  as  assessed  with  im- 
provements, taken  from  the  1903  assessment 
roll: 


Capitol  Lode — H.  A.  Armstrong,  $250; 
Bonanza  Mine — Deer  Trail  Consolidated, 
$5,000;  Cleveland  Mine — Cleveland  Mining 
Company,  Olympia,  $5,200;  Triangle  Fraction, 
$200;  Stuart  Fraction,  $200;  Lucky  Boy,. 
$200;  Copper  King,  $200;  Copper  Queen, 
$200;  Etta — Northwest  Development  Com- 
pany, $200;  Tom  Sawyer — ditto,  $200;  Cop- 
per Bell — ditto,  $200;  Ona — ditto,  $200; 
Cream  Tint  Kaolin  M.— E.  S.  Graham  estate, 
$250;  Bella  May— R.  B.  Merrill,  $100;  Dia- 
mond R.— R.  B.  Merrill,  $100;  Blue  Bucket— 
R.  B.  Merrill,  $100;  Friday— F.  W.  Billings, 
$1,500;  Saturday — ditto,  $1,000;  Friday 
Fraction — ditto,  $500:  Grand  View — ditto, 
$1,500;  Monta  Quartz — ditto,  $500;  Mill  Site 
— ditto,  $150;  Lost  Axe  (Placer) — ditto, 
$200;  Clifford  (Placer),  $200;  California, 
$750;  Daisy  Lode,  $600;  Buckeye  Mine — D. 
P.  Jenkins.  $100;  Eagle  Mine — Eagle  Cop., 
G.  M.  &  M.  Company,  $200;  Reeves— Old  Do- 
minion M.  &  M.  Company,  $50;  Old  Dominion 
— ditto.  $1,500;  Ophir  Boy^ditto,  $50;  Ella — 
ditto,  $250;  Tillie  P.,  $50;  Spaulding— ditto, 
$50;  Buda— ditto,  $50;  Airline— ditto,  $50; 
Walter — ditto,  $50;  Tres  Pinos — ditto,  $50; 
International — George  J.  Goodhue,  $177;  Sil- 
ver Crown,  $125;  Northern  Light,  $125;  En- 
terprise— Scotia  M.  &  M.  Company,  $150; 
Morning  Star — ditto,  $150;  Elephant — Cedar 
Canyon  C.  M.  Company,  $10,000;  Defiance, 
Victory  and  Challenge — F.  G.  Slocum,  $1,000; 
Crescent  >  and  Deadwood — Orient  M.  &  M. 
Company,  $2,500;  First  Thought,  Homestake 
and  First  Thought,  Fraction  and  Annex  Lodes 
— First  Thought  Mining  Company,  Limited, 
$50,000. 

The  total  full  value  of  improvements  on 
these  mines  assessed  is  $900.  The  full  value 
of  these  mines  as  assessed  is  $86,377.  The  last 
named  mine  had  its  assessment  reduced  to 
$25,000  by  the  county  board  of  equalization, 
leaving  a  total  of  $61,377. 

The  original  silver-lead  discovery  was 
made  in  1883,  at  the  Embry  camp,  two  miles 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


123 


east  of  Chewelah.  It  was  made  by  a  party  of 
prospectors  sent  out  by  John  N.  Squire,  of 
Spokane.  In  that  section  the  ore  carries  gale- 
na, sulphide  of  silver,  some  carbonate  of  lead 
and  chloride  of  silver,  mixed  with  iron  and  cop- 
per pyrites.  Within  two  years  this  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  rush  of  prospectors.  Explorations 
continued  northward.  Following  the  location 
of  the  Old  dominion  came  discovei'ies  at  the 
heads  of  Deep  and  Cedar  creeks,  and  along  the 
range  east  of  the  Columbia  to  Little  Dalles. 
This  territory  was  included  in  the  Northport 
District.  The  Young  America,  at  Bossburg, 
is  fifteen  miles  south,  the  ore  being  entirely 
lead  and  silver.  The  Big  Bonanza  lies  five 
miles  from  this,  southeast.  Here  the  ore  is  a 
mixture  of  heavy  galena  and  iron  pyrites,  car- 
rying about  forty  per  cent  lead  and  ten  ounces 
of  silver.  Still  traveling  southward  we  come 
to  Gold  Hill,  two  miles  east  of  Marcus.  The 
ore  here  is  copper  pyrites  carrying  gold.  Five 
miles  more  to  the  south  is  Rickey  mountain 
where  there  is  a  large  quantity  of  gray  copper 
ore.  This,  however,  is  very  much  broken  and 
no  solid  bodies  are  found.  Summit  Camp  lies 
fifteen  miles  onward  where  the  ore  carries 
galena  and  lead  carbonates,  and  this  same  class 
of  ore  is  found  at  the  Wellington  five  miles  to 
the  southwest. 

One  of  the  most  important  mines  in  Stev- 
ens county  is  the  Cleveland,  discovered  in  June, 
1894,  by  Messrs.  France,  Finsley  and  Lingen- 
felter.  It  is  situated  five  miles  south  of  Wel- 
lington. The  ore  is  galena  carrying  about 
thirty  ounces  of  silver.  The  Cleveland  is  in 
the  western  portion  of  the  county,  in  what  is 
known  as  the  Huckleberry  range.  Here  is  a 
rich  deposit  of  silver-lead  from  twelve  to  fif- 
teen feet  wide  incased  in  a  well-defined  contact 
of  lime  and  granite.  Within  two  months  of 
the  date  of  its  location  the  Cleveland  was  sold 
for  the  round  sum  of  $150,000.  George  B. 
McAuley,  a  well-known  Coeur  d'  Alene  min- 
ing man,  James  Monaghan  and  C.  B.  King, 
two   Spokane  capitalists,   were  the  purchasers 


at  the  price  named.  So  early  as  1895  they  had 
thoroughly  tested  the  value  of  the  property  and 
closed  all  doubt  respecting  the  ore  deposits,  and 
at  that  period  the  property  was  not  for  sale  at 
any  price.  In  addition  to  the  silver  the  ore 
runs  40  per  cent  lead  to  the  ton.  Although  a 
large  sum  of  money  has  been  expended  in  de- 
veloping the  ore  bodies,  little  of  it  has  been 
spent  that  has  not  been  taken  in  value  from  the 
mine.  Nearly  thirty  miles  of  roadway  have 
been  constructed,  and  shipments  have  been 
large.  The  ledge  was  tapped  by  a  200-foot 
cross-cut,  from  which  a  drift  was  run  150  feet, 
a  winze  sunk  60  feet  and  an  upraise  made  for 
20  feet,  the  ore  then  being  stoped  out.  The 
ledge  occasionally  pinches  to  two  feet.  The 
main  ledge  was  struck  forty  feet  higher  up  the 
mountain  and  carries  25  ounces  of  silver  and 
59  per  cent  lead. 

On  what  is  probably  an  extension  of  the 
Cleveland  ledge  Dr.  J.  P.  Turney,  A.  W. 
Turner,  C.  G.  Snyder,  H.  H.  McMillan  and  C. 
E.  Richard,  of  Davenport,  located  the  Bland. 
It  is  six  to  eight  feet  between  lime  walls,  as 
shown  by  a  cross-cut  and  carries  antimonial  sil- 
ver, carbonates  of  copper  and  azurite,  assaying 
52  ounces  of  silver,  5  per  cent  lead  and  a  trace 
of  gold. 

The  Young  America  group  of  claims  is  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  northeast  of  Bossburg,  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railroad,  no  miles 
from  Spokane.  The  entire  property  is  covered 
with  float  and  a  ledge  cropping  from  twelve  to 
twenty  feet  wide  runs'  across  all  four  claims. 
The  Bonanza  is  also  reached  from  Spokane  by 
the  same  railway,  to  Bossburg,  and  from  there 
five  miles  in  a  southeasterly  direction.  Trav- 
eling southward  from  Bossburg  we  come  to 
the  Summit  group  of  five  claims,  owned  in 
1897  by  the  Summit  Mining  Company.  These 
claims  lie  ten  miles  by  wagon  road  from  Addy 
station,  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  rail- 
road. The  group  is  on  a  series  of  five  parallel 
ledges  of  sulphide  and  galena  ore,  one  of  which 
is  in  the  contact  between  slate  and  diorite,  while 


124 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  others  are  in  fissure  in  the  slate.  All  are 
dipping  into  the  mountain  at  such  angles  as  en- 
courage the  belief  that  they  will  unite  in  a  great 
contact  vein  at  a  depth  of  600  feet,  or  less. 

Three  and  one-half  miles  by  road,  north- 
east of  Chewelah,  in  the  Colville  Valley,  is  the 
Eagle  group  of  six  claims,  at  one  time  owned 
by  I.  S.  Kaufman,  C.  D.  Ide  and  C.  W.  Ide. 
The  croppings  show  large  deposits  of  galena 
and  sulphides  of  silver  in  a  limestone  forma- 
tion. Development  work  shows  ore  chutes 
ranging  from  eighteen  inches  to  eight  feet  in 
thickness,  connected  by  stringers.  The  ore 
ranges  in  value  from  25  to  100  ounces  of  sil- 
ver ;  40  to  70  per  cent  lead. 

The  Buck  Mountain  group  of  eight  claims 
is  controlled  by  the  Buck  Mountain  Mining 
Company.  It  lies  four  miles  north  of  Cedar 
Canyon  and  twelve  miles  by  road  from  Spring- 
dale,  which  latter  town  is  forty-seven  miles 
from  Spokane.  One  ledge  is  six  feet  wide  in  a 
22-foot  shaft,  and  in  tunnels  sixty  and  forty- 
five  feet,  which  show  eight  inches  of  solid 
galena  and  bunches  of  that  mineral  throughout 
the  ledges  increasing  in  solidity  with  depth. 
One  car-load  returned  61  ounces  of  silver,  TjYz 
per  cent  lead  and  assays  have  averaged  about 
that  figure.  Another  ledge  is  seven  and  one- 
half  feet  between  lime  and  granite  walls,  and  in 
a  3ofoot  shaft  shows  chloride  and  gray  cop- 
per ore  throughout,  assaying  64  ounces  of  sil- 
ver, $3  in  gold  and  8  per  cent  copper.  An- 
other large  ledge  crops  ten  feet  wide  and 
carries  chlorides  which  assay  36  ounces  silver, 
12  per  cent  copper  and  $5.20  gold.  Three 
claims  are  along  another  ledge  between  slate 
walls  which  a  40-foot  shaft  shows  to  widen 
from  three  and  a  half  to  seven  feet.  Assays 
from  samples  taken  at  increasing  depths 
showed  40,  52  and  64  ounces  of  silver  respec- 
tively. 

Two  miles  southeast  of  Springdale,  by 
road,  is  the  Honest  Johns  group  of  three 
claims,  owned  by  the  Honest  Johns  Mining 
Company.   The  croppings  show  a  60-foot  ledge 


containing  iron  carbonates.  A  cross-cut  was 
driven  280  feet  to  tap  the  ledge  175  feet  below 
the  surface,  which  has  since  been  extended. 
This  cut  a  30-inch  stringer  carrying  41  ounces 
of  silver,  31  per  cent  lead  and  $2.20  in  gold, 
besides  20  per  cent  iron,  which  makes  it  a  good 
fluxing  ore. 

Aside  from  the  Deer  Trail  mine  to  the 
south  of  the  Old  Dominion,  there  is  the  Deer 
Trail  No.  2,  the  principal  one  of  twelve  adjoin- 
ing claims,  all  controlled  by  the  Deer  Trail  No. 
'2  Mining  Company.  It  consists  of  rich  min- 
eralized quartz,  decomposed  and  acted  upon  by 
fire  due  to  the  slaking  of  the  lime.  The  crop- 
pings carried  28  ounces  in  the  form  of  black 
sulphurets  and  galena.  The  flakes  of  silver  are 
sometimes  as  large  as  a  silver  dollar  and  thin 
as  tin  foil.  The  first  car-load  from  near  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel  netted  $237  at  the  smelter, 
the  second  over  $600  and  the  third  $1,000,  in- 
creasing in  value  until  one  car  netted  over 
$2,900.  The  name  of  this  miners  consistent 
with  the  circumstances  of  its  discovery.  In 
August.  1894,  W.  O.  and  Isaac  L.  Vanhorn 
were  pursuing  two  deer  in  Cedar  Canyon.  W. 
O.  Vanhorn  stumbled  over  a  huge  quartz 
boulder  carrying  galena,  and  immediately  he 
began  prospecting  down  the  mountain.  They 
had  pieces  of  the  boulder  assayed  and  found 
between  70  and  80  ounces  of  silver  to  the  ton. 
W.  O.  Vanhorn  panned  down  some  of  the  red 
sand  for  gold,  but  found  strings  and  flakes  of 
native  silver.  He  sacked  two  and  one-half  tons 
which  he  hauled  to  Davenport,  Lincoln  county. 
After  enduring  much  ridicule  he  secured  suffi- 
cient money  to  pay  the  freight  and  received  a 
payment  of  $150  a  ton.  He  then  shipped  nine 
tons  which  netted  him  $1,360. 

In  an  impartial  mining  review  the  Kettle 
Falls  district  must  not  be  overlooked.  The 
promising  mineral  belt  on  Rickey  Mountain  is 
a  valuable  attestation  of  the  richness  of  the 
district.  It  is  fully  covered  by  locations,  the 
stakers  being  men  of  wide  experience  in  their 
line.     Its  low  altitude,  mild  climate  and  light 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


.125 


fall  of  snow  afford  it  many  advantages  and  en- 
able the  properties  to  be  worked  all  the  year 
round.  It  has  excellent  transportation  facili- 
ties with  ample  timber  and  water  closely  con- 
tiguous. The  Acme  mine,  six  miles  south  of 
Kettle  Falls,  on  the  Columbia  river,  is  a  gold 
property  with  a  little  silver  and  lead  as  by- 
products. It  has  a  vein  of  sixty-four  feet  with 
no  walls,  assays  from  which  run  from  $60  to 
$88  a  ton.  The  original  owners  of  the  Acme 
were  Sig.  Dilsheimer,  of  Colville,  and  some 
Portland  and  New  York  capitalists.  They 
bonded  the  property  to  San  Francisco  parties 
and  the  new  owners  are  eminently  satisfied 
with  their  purchase. 

The  Vulcan  and  the  Fannie  are  two  prop- 
erties in  the  Kettle  Falls  district  in  which  min- 
ing men  have  great  faith.  They  are  owned  by 
the  Vulcan  Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company, 
and  comprise  forty  acres  of  ground  located  on 
the  west  slope  of  Rickey  Mountain,  two  and 
one-half  miles  south  of  Kettle  Falls.  The 
Mayflower,  adjoining  the  Vulcan  is,  also,  a 
promising  property.  The  Mascot  adjoins  the 
Acme  mine  on  the  east.  It  is  developed  by  a 
tunnel  on  the  vein  which  is  from  three  to  ten 
inches  thick,  assaying  40  ounces  of  silver  and  a 
trace  of  gold.  There  is  a  road  across  the  foot 
of  the  property  making  it  easy  of  access.  The 
owners  of  the  Mascot  were  N.  B.  Wheeler  and 
A.  Curry,  of  Kettle  Falls. 

Perhaps  the  most  promising  property  in 
this  district  is  the  Silver  Queen  group  of  mines, 
the  property  of  the  Silver  Queen  Mining  and 
Milling  Company.  The  mines  consist  of  three 
full  claims  and  are  situated  about  two  and  a 
half  miles  south  of  Kettle  Falls  on  the  Colum- 
bia river.  The  claims  are  known  as  the  Silver 
Queen,  Last  Chance  and  Populist.  Develop- 
ment work  has  been  principally  done  on  the 
Silver  Queen,  ^^ery  high  grade  ore  has  been 
extracted,  some  selected  samples  assaying  the 
marvelous  values  of  3,000  ounces  of  silver  to 
the  ton  and  no  assay  from  the  lead  runs  less 
than  loi  ounces,  this  carrying  some  lead.     One 


half  mile  east  of  Kettle  Falls  is  the  Blue 
Grouse,  consisting  of  five  claims.  It  carries 
lead,  silver  and  copper,  and  assays  63  ounces  of 
silver,  45  per  cent  lead  and  a  large  trace  of 
copper. 

The  Columbia  River  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany owns  five  claims  lying  six  miles  southeast 
of  Kettle  Falls.  The  ledge  is  twenty-four  feet 
in  width  and  is  a  milk-white  quartz  carrying 
silver,  gold  and  copper.  Rich  values  are  shown 
by  assays.  The  Blind  Discovery  is  a  property 
that  is  but  two  claims  removed  south  from  the 
Silver  Queen  and  Vulcan  mines.  This  con- 
tiguity to  these  excellent  properties  is  a  most 
favorable  indication  for  it.  But  it  could  easily 
stand  on  its  own  merits  as  the  average  values 
'from  various  assays  is  72  per  cent  lead  and  four 
ounces  of  silver.  J.  F.  Sherwood.  P.  Larson 
and  others  are  the  owners. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  many  of  the  best  min- 
ing experts  that  the  Metaline  District  is  the 
coming  great  galena  camp.  That  this  is  ap- 
preciated by  the  national  government  is  attested 
by  the  fact  that  a  large  sum  of  money  has  been 
expended  in  blasting  at  Box  Canyon,  on  the 
Pend  d'Oreille  river,  widening  and  deepening 
that  stream  to  make  it  navigable  for  steamers 
to  Metaline,  in  order  that  its  rich  ores  may  be 
shipped  to  the  smelters  without  the  great  ex- 
pense entailed  in  hauling  to  Box  Canyon.  Ore, 
however,  has  been  packed  from  John  Betten- 
court's  mine  with  a  twenty-horse  train  to  Box 
Canyon,  a  distance  of  eleven  miles,  over  a  de- 
plorable road,  and  notwithstanding  this  ex- 
pense, smelted  at  a  profit.  The  following  are 
some  of  the  most  promising  properties  in  the 
district :  John  Bettencourt.  three  claims,  strict- 
ly galena ;  Doc  Done,  two  claims ;  Enoch  Carr, 
three  claims;  Tom  Murphy,  one  claim. 

The  Flat  Creek  sub-district,  for  it  is  lo- 
cated within  the  Northport  District,  is  really  a 
district  by  itself.  It  is  in  that  portion  of  the 
reservation  lying  east  of  Kettle  River,  and  may 
be  termed  the  Rossland  of  Stevens  county.  The 
character  of  its  ores  is  identical  with  that  of 


126 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  great  British  Columbia  camp.  There  are 
over  forty  good  properties  in  the  Flat  Creek 
District,  the  prevailing  character  of  the  ore  be- 
ing gold  and  copper.  One  of  the  most  promis- 
ing properties,  and  the  one  upon  which  has 
been  done  the  most  development  work  is  the 
Badger  Boy,  a  group  of  claims  on  Fifteen  Mile 
creek.  The  present  workings  assay  $56. 
Aside  from  this  is  the  Lottie,  the  Poorman,  tlit 
Triumph,  the  Lucky  Find,  the  Bucknorn,  the 
X  Ray,  the  Silver  Star  and  the  McKinley. 
Carlson  &  Colender  have  several  claims  on  Flat 
creek,  and  the  Badger  State  Mining  Company's 
mine  is  another  Flat  Creek  property.  The 
Bullion  Mining  Company's  properties  are  on 
Bullion  Mountain,  between  Crown  and  Rattle- 
snake creeks,  and  consist  of  several  claims. 
This  is  a  rich  property,  surface  ores  running 
$20. 

The  vast  area  of  the  Piere  Lake  District  is 
almost  covered  by  mineral  locations.  Through- 
out the  entire  district  the  formation  is  granite 
and  porphyry,  indicative  of  true  fissures.  The 
great  mineralized  belt  on  Sulphide  Mountain, 
in  the  heart  of  the  district,  has  been  the  potent 
medium  in  bringing  fame  to  this  locality. 
That  it  is  rich  in  the  precious  metals  is  known 
to  every  prominent  mining  man  in  Washington, 
the  Sunday  Morning  and  Little  Giant  are  very 
valuable  properties,  and  their  officers  prominent 
in  mining  and  other  industrial  circles. 

The  Springdale  District  embraces  the 
southern  portion  of  Stevens  county.  Notable 
among  the  mines  of  the  district  are  those  in  the 
southern  portion  of  the  Huckleberry  range  of 
mountains  lying  between  the  Colville  and  Co- 
lumbia river  valleys.  Mention  has  been  made 
of  the  principle  mines  in  this  district,  notably 
the  Cedar  Canyon.  Cleveland  and  Deer  Trail 
No.  2.  The  property  of  the  Wells-Fargo,  Min- 
ing Company  consists  of  three  claims  situated 
three  miles  northeast  from  the  celebrated 
Cleveland  mine,  in  the  Huckleberry  Mountain, 
and  twelve  miles  from  Springdale.  the  princi- 
pal place  of  business  of  ihe  company.     While 


originally  prospected  as  a  precious  metal  mine, 
development  work  has  adduced  the  fact  that  it 
is  a  pure  antimony  property,  perhaps  the  only 
one  in  Stevens  county.  It  has  a  three-foot 
solid  ledge  of  this  valuable  metal  which  con- 
tains no  lead  or  any  other  product  that  would  be 
detrimental  to  the  successful  working  of  the 
antimony  metal.  The  value  of  this  property 
may  best  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  anti- 
mony is  largely  used  in  type-castings  and  al- 
loys, and  for  which  there  is  a  steady  and  per- 
manent demand.  It  is  worth  in  the  market  at 
all  times  from  nine  to  ten  cents  per  pound. 
The  Wells-Fargo  Mining  Company  is  capital- 
ized at  $1,000,000,  in  shares  of  $1  each.  Its 
officers  are  all  prominent  in  industrial  circles. 

The  Chewelah  District,  of  which  the  thriv- 
ing town  of  Chewelah  is  the  center,  has  a  con- 
siderable number  of  mining  claims  wiiich  are 
among  the  most  promising  in  Stevens  county. 
Embraced  in  the  Northport  District  are  numer- 
ous properties  of  undoubted  great  worth.  Pre- 
dominating ores  are  galena,  gold  and  copper  in 
the  order  named.  Red  Top  Mountain,  situated 
about  equally  distant  from  Northport  and 
Boundary,  and  east  of  the  Columbia  river, 
is  the  scene  of  a  great  amount  of  active  develop- 
ment work.  West  of  the  Columbia  river,  and 
on  the  reservation,  Sophia  Mountain  properties 
are  taking  a  front  place.  Considerable  capital 
is  being  invested  in  the  Northport  District  and 
many  mining  men  are  expressing  great  inter- 
est in  its  future. 

Aside  from  quartz  operations  placer  min- 
ing is  prosecuted  profitably  for  miles  on  Sulli- 
van creek  which  empties  into  the  Pend  d'  Ore- 
ille near  Metaline.  The  largest  operations  are 
conducted  by  the  Pend  d'  Oreille  Gold  Mining 
&  Dredging  Company,  a  syndicate  of  capital- 
ists of  Oil  City,  Pennsylvania.  The  largest 
stockholder  in  this  company  is  Daniel  Geary, 
one  of  the  leading  factors  of  the  Standard  Oil 
Company.  The  company  controls  seven  claims, 
is  stocked  for  $100,000  at  $1  a  share  and  the 
stock  has  been  freelv  sold  at  par  in  Oil  City.    It 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


[27 


is  now  withdrawn  from  the  market.  Concern- 
ing the  question  of  placer  mining  Mr.  John  B. 
Slater  wrote,  in  1895  : 

"Mining  for  gold  in  quartz  in  Stevens 
county  has  not  been  followed  with  success,  and 
search  in  that  direction  for  the  yellow  metal 
does  not  attract  much  attention.  But  placer 
gold  is  abundant  on  the  shores  of  the  Colum- 
bia river,  where  it  is  deposited  in  the  sands  of 
the  beaches  and  bars  along  the  stream.  For 
years  the  Chinese  plied  their  quest  for  the  prec- 
ious substance  with  great  profit,  but  the  white 
population  have  driven  them  out  from  the  field 
and  more  substantial  work  and  improved  gold 
saving  machinery  has  brought  gold-mining  out 
to  an  admirable  degree.  Along  the  river  at 
Boundary  City  may  yet  be  seen  the  washed 


lands  that  were  worked  by  the  placer  miners  of 
'forty-nine.'  These  lands  are  still  rich  and  give 
up  a  goodly  supply  of  wealth  under  the  appli- 
cation of  improved  machinery.  All  along  the 
river  from  Northport  to  Fort  Spokane,  a  dis- 
tance of  100  miles,  are  hundreds  of  men  work- 
ing the  bars  and  flats  with  profit.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  one  man  with  a  rocker  can  take  out 
from  $25  to  $50  a  week.  The  gold  is  usually 
coarse,  ranging  from  the  size  of  a  mustard  seed 
to  that  of  a  few  cents.  A  fair  average  of  the 
pay  dirt  is  forty  cents  to  the  square  yard,  but  it 
is  more  likely  to  be  more  than  less.  During  the 
year  1894  there  was  taken,  in  a  round  sum, 
from  the  placer  grounds  of  Stevens  county 
nearly  half  a  million  dollars." 


CHAPTER    V. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


The  present  territory  comprising  the  coun- 
ty of  Stevens  contains  no  city  entitled  to  rank 
as  a  metropolis.  Some  of  the  territory  which 
she  has  lost,  however,  particularly  Spokane 
county,  is  not  far  behind  the  coast  in  the  matter 
of  handsome  cities,  vyith  imposing  buildings 
and  grand  perspectives  of  substantially  paved 
streets.  But  it  can  be  truthfully  said  that  with 
■one  or  two  exceptions,  and  those  exceptions  dis- 
mal failures,  there  is  not  a  "boom"  town  within 
the  present  limits  of  Stevens  county.  Of  the 
twenty  or  more  platted  towns  within  her  terri- 
tory each  one  has  enjoyed  a  healthy  growth  de- 
void of  anything  approaching  the  abnormal, 
feverish  or  sensational.  Though  small  at 
pres,ent,  so  far  as  concerns  population,  the 
towns  of  Stevens  county  will  range  up  along- 
:side  those  of  any  other  county  in  eastern  Wash- 


ington, outside  of  Spokane  county.  The  ma- 
jority of  them  lie  along  the  line  of  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern  railroad,  between  Clayton  on 
the  south  and  Boundary  to  the  extreme  north. 
One  cluster,  including  Scotia,  Penrith,  Camden 
and  Newport,  lie  along  the  few  utiles  of  Great 
Northern  trackage  in  the  southeastern  portion 
of  the  county.  A  few  others  are  located  on 
the  banks  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  and  Columbia 
rivers,  between  which  is  the  inhabited  district 
of  Stevens  county,  with  its  vast  wealth  of  mar- 
ble and  mineral  deposits. 

A  brief  statistical  record  of  the  platted 
towns  of  Stevens  county,  giving  the  dates  of 
their  dedication  and  by  whom  platted,  will  not 
be  out  of  place  here : 

Colville  — February  28,  1883.  W.  F. 
Hooker. 


128 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Kettle  Falls — August  14,  1889,  Eugene  La- 
framboyse.  Eighteen  or  twenty  additions  to 
Kettle  Falls  were  platted  in  a  very  short  time 
after  this. 

Chewelah— March  28,  1884,  E.  J.  Web- 
ster, J.  S.  Kaufman,  Eugene  G.  Miller. 

Loon  Lake — February  18,  1890,  Cyrus  F. 
Mathers. 

Meyers  Falls — September  18,  1890.  One 
townsite  by  L.  W.  Meyers,  September  18, 
1890;  one  townsite  by  Jacob  A.  Meyers  Sep- 
tember 29,  1890,  and  one  townsite  by  G.  B. 
Ide. 

Squire  City. — November  29,  1899,  Charles 
O.  Squire.  This  was  Springdale,  the  name 
being  changed  later.  See  account  of  Spring- 
dale  elsewhere. 

Marcus — ^June  27,  1890,  ^Marcus  Open- 
heimer,  James  Monaghan. 

Columbia — August  14,  1890,  Adel  Bishop. 

East  Marcus — August  5,  1890,  E.  D.  Mor- 
rison, O.  B.  Nelson. 

'Springdale — December   11,    1890,   Thomas 

D.  Schofield. 

Loon  Lake  Park — July  29,  1891,  Daniel 
C.  Corbin.  This  was  afterward  unplatted  and 
used  alone  for  park  purposes. 

Valley — July  29,  1891,  Daniel  C.  Corbin. 

Donald  Townsite — December  5,  1891,  Don- 
ald Mc  Donald. 

Northport — May  28,  1892,  Northport 
Townsite  Company:  by  E.  J.  Roberts,  presi- 
dent ;  A.  T.  Herrick,  secretary. 

Addy — January  23,  1893.  G.  Fatzer. 

Millington — May  i.  1893,  Consolidated 
Bonanza  Mining  &  Smelting  Company;  by  J. 

E.  Foster,  president;  C.  H.  Armstrong,  secre- 
tary. 

Clayton — July  5,  1894.  Washington  Brick, 
Lime  &  Manufacturing  Company ;  by  H.  Brook, 
president ;  Joseph  H.  Spear,  secretary. 

Newport — August  14,  1897,  Joseph  H. 
Hughes. 

Granite  Point — September  24,  1900.  John 
R.   Stnne.  John  W.  Chapman. 


Hunters — April  15,  1901,  W.  H.  Latta. 
Daisy — April  9,  1902,  Samuel  L.  Magee. 
Cusick — May  24,  1902,  J.  W.  Cusick. 
Usk — June  9,  1903,  George  H.  Jones. 


This  is  the  county  seat  of  Stevens  county, 
which  it  has  been  for  many  years,  and  at  periods 
when  its  jurisdiction  covered  a  vast  range  of 
territory,  nearly  the  whole  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington, and  at  one  time  Idaho  and  a  portion  of 
Montana.  The  town  is  most  eligibly  located 
on  a  slightly  plateau,  sitting  at  the  base  of 
Mount  Colville,  yet  overlooking  the  grand  per- 
spective of  the  famously  productive  valley  that 
bears  its  name.  The  census  of  1900  gave  Col- 
ville a  population  of  594,  but  during  the  past 
three  years  this  has  been  increased  to  over  800. 
The  altitude  of  Colville,  as  given  by  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  is  1,602  feet;  that  of 
Colville  Mountain,  by  the  North  Transconti- 
nental survey,  5,667  feet.  _It  is  an  incorpo- 
rated city  on  the  line  of  the  Spokane  Falls  & 
Northern  Railroad,  eighty-eight  miles  north  of 
Spokane. 

In  many  respects  Colville  is  a  most  charm- 
ing place  of  residence.  To  the  north  rises  a 
gentle  declevity  shaded  by  handsome  groves, 
known  as  "Nob  Hill,"  commanding  from  its 
picturesque  eminence  a  full  view  of  the  beauti- 
ful Colville  valley,  through  which  winds  like 
a  silver  thread  in  a  cloth  of  green  the  Colville 
ri\er.  Clustered  among  the  shade  trees  of 
Nob  Hill  are  some  of  the  most  elegant,  com- 
fortable and  modem  residences  in  the  state.  To 
the  east  rise  in  successive  heights,  like  mam- 
moth terraces,  a  range  of  imposing  mountains, 
the  whole  north  and  east  forming  an  effective 
background  for  one  of  the  prettiest  townsites 
in  Washington.  To  the  southward  trends  the 
Colville  river  in  sinuous  convolutions,  fringed 
by  low  trees  and  bushes,  and  winding  through 
the  richest  and  most  productive  hay  land  in 
the  countrv. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


[29 


Although  a  comparatively  \-irgin  region 
Colville  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  state. 
Much  of  its  earliest  history  has  already  been 
gi\-en  in  the  first  chapter  of  the  second  part  of 
this  work,  and  necessarily  so.  Therein  will  be 
read  how  the  original  town,  a  few  miles  distant, 
was  named  "Pinkney  City,"  and  the  conditions 
under  which  the  county  seat  was  removed  to 
its  present  site,  together  with  the  date  of  the 
same.  The  first  building  erected  on  the  site  of 
the  present  town  of  Colville  is  the  brewery 
which  is  still  in  existence  and  located  on  Main 
street.  This  edifice  was  erected  in  1874  by 
John  U.  Hofstetter.  For  a  period  of  eight 
years  it  remained  the  only  building  on  the  pres- 
ent townsite  of  Colville. 

In  1883  the  town  was  platted  by  Major 
Hooker  and  John  Still,  of  Cheney,  Spokane 
county.  Two  adjoining  ranches  were  owned 
at  that  time  by  Mr.  Hofstetter  and  John  Wynn. 
From  these  ranches  land  was  taken  for  the 
townsite.  But  it  was  not  until  1882  that  the 
present  town  of  Colville  began  to  evolve  into 
a  material  existence  and  the  old  town  of  Pink- 
ney City  fade  to  a  melancholy  landmark.  In 
that  year  the  military  post  at  Fort  Colville, 
which  had  been  established  in  1859,  was  aban- 
doned. The  greater  portion  of  the  business  of 
Pinkney  City  had  been  supported  by  the  garri- 
son at  the  fort.  When  the  soldiers  departed 
the  business  men  gathered  their  lares  and  pen- 
ates;  their  stocks  of  goods  and  household  ef- 
fects, and  hied  themselves  to' the  new  town  of 
Colville.  Aside  from  the  abandonment  of  the 
fort  there  were  other  cogent  reasons  why  Col- 
ville should  flourish  and  the  old  town  deterior- 
ate. Pinkney  City  was  an  out-of-the-way  place 
and  far  from  being  so  convenient  and  accessi- 
ble as  the  present  site  of  the  county  seat.  The 
first  man  to  change  his  location  from  the  old 
town  to  Colville  was  C.  H.  Montgomery.  He 
moved  his  store  and  goods  in  1882  to  a  point 
which  is  now  the  north  end  of  Main  street. 

Of  the  new  town  Mr.  Montgomery  was  the 
pioneer   merchant.      The   same   year   Mr.    F. 


Wolfif  removed  his  saloon  and  billiard  hall  from 
Pinkney  City,  and  he  was  the  second  person  to 
establish  business  relations  with  Colville.  He 
located  on  Main  street,  on  the  corner  now  occu- 
pied by  Goetter's  drug  store.  He  also  erected 
a  residence  for  himself  and  family  near  his 
place  of  business.  The  disintegration  of  the 
old  town  was  rapid.  The  same  year  Oppen- 
heimer  Brothers,  the  last  remaining  business 
men  in  Pinkney  City,  capitulated  to  the  stern 
logic  of  events,  struck  their  commercial  tents 
in  the  old  town,  came  in  to  Colville,  and  Pink- 
ney City  for  all  practicable  purposes  was  a  thing- 
of  the  past — a  tale  that  is  told.  It  remained 
but  a  country  of  reminiscences ;  a  historic  ruin ; 
a  veritable  "Deserted  Village." 

Following  the  departure  of  the  troops  from 
Fort  Colville  in  1882,  new  settlers  coming  into 
the  new  town  appeared  to  consider  the  aban- 
doned fort  and  barracks  as  public  property. 
They  literally  tore  the  government's  build- 
ings to  pieces,  utilizing  the  lumber  for  the  pur- 
pose of  building  shacks  for  themselves.  Not 
only  did  they  wantonly  remove  the  lumber  and 
brick  which  were  of  use  to  them,  but  their  van- 
dalism extended  to  the  abstraction  of  the  flag- 
staff and  other  articles  for  which  they  had  no 
need.  The  few  private  buildings  which  re- 
mained in  the  town  also  suffered  a  like  fate,  al- 
though the  greater  number  of  them  had  been 
removed.     In  this  connection  Mr.  Wolfif  says : 

"I  wish  to  say  that  not  one  of  the  old  set- 
tlers were  guilty  of  this  vandalism.  Colonel 
Merriam  came  up  from  the  fort  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Spokane  river  and  took  back  with  him 
the  doors  and  windows  of  the  government 
building  and  these  were  about  the  only  articles 
saved  from  the  wreckage  of  the  plant." 

For  seven  years  the  town  of  Colville  re- 
mained a  country  village  with  nothing  other- 
wise than  a  merely  nominal  organization.  In 
1889  John  U.  Hofstetter  and  other  citizens  of 
Colville,  by  their  attorney,  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick, 
petitioned  the  judge  of  the  district  court,  then 
holding  a  session  in  Col\-ille.  to  incorporate  the 


I30 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


town  of  Colville.  The  signers  of  this  petition 
which  brought  about  the  first  incorporation  of 
the  town  were:  John  U.  Hofstetter,  Oliver 
Peone,  L.  Flugel,  M.  Cherette,  Frank  Habein, 
E.  Oppenheimer,  Joseph  Luckenbel,  J.  M.  Bew- 
ley,  Frank  B.  Goetter,  J.  H.  Young,  Fred  Hoss, 
A.  A.  Barnett,  F.  Barman,  T.  M.  McClure,  S. 
H.  Manly,  F.  Wolff,  John  Brook,  George  C. 
Schneider,  John  Leipp,  W.  H.  Kearney,  W.  H. 
Wright,  S.  F.  Sherwood,  Carl  Flugel,  Thomas 
L.  Savage,  Louis  F.  Scheifele,  M.  Seylor,  W. 
M.  Varker,  Louis  Perras,  C.  H.  Thompson,  E. 
L.  Swain,  W.  S.  Prindle,  David  T.  Stewart,  S. 
Douglas,  Court  Lousie,  J.  H.  McKenzie. 

Following  is  the  decree  of  the  court  which 
is  taken  from  volume  "A"  on  page  167 : 

"It  is  ordered  and  declared  that  said  town 
is  hereby  duly  incorporated,  and  the  metes  and 
bounds  thereof  are  hereby  designated  and  de- 
clared to  be  as  follows;  Commencing  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  section  9,  in  township  35, 
N.  R.  39,  E.  W.  M.,  thence  running  south 
along  the  west  line  of  said  section  to  the  south- 
west corner  thereof ;  thence  east  along  the  south 
line  of  said  section  to  the  southeast  corner  there- 
of ;  thence  north  along  the  east  line  of  said  sec- 
tion to  the  northeast  corner  thereof ;  thence  west 
along  the  north  line  of  said  section  to  the  point 
of  beginning. 

"And  the  name  of  said  town  is  hereby  or- 
dered and  declared  to  be  Colville.  It  is  further 
ordered  that  the  following  named  persons  be 
appointed  and  that  they  shall  constitute  the 
board  of  trustees  of  said  town  until  their  suc- 
cessors are  elected  and  qualified,  viz :  John  U. 
Hofstetter,  W.  H.  Wright,  Wm.  A^arker.  T. 
M.  McClure,  Thomas  L.  Savage. 

"It  is  further  ordered  that  petitioners  pay 
the  cost  of  this  proceeding." 

On  the  14th  day  of  June.  1889,  these  gen- 
tlemen took  the  oath  of  office  and  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  their  duties.  John  U.  Hof- 
stetter was  elected  chairman  of  the  council  and 
William  Varker  temporary  clerk.  Samuel 
Douglas  was  elected  town  counselor.     .\t  the 


next  meeting  of  the  council  W.  L.  Davis  was 
appointed  town  clerk  and  A.  A.  Barnett  town 
marshal,  city  assessor  and  street  commissioner. 
F.  B.  Goetter  was  appointed  town  treasurer. 

Thus  municipal  matters  remained  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1890,  when  the  discovery  was  made  that 
the  incorporation  under  which  the  city  of  Col- 
ville had  been  transacting  business  was  void. 
The  process  of  incorporation  had  been  under 
the  territorial  laws.  Concerning  this  matter 
Mr.  John  B.  Slater  says  : 

"The  present  town  of  Colville  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1889  under  the  territorial  law.  This 
was  done  through  the  agency  of  the  district 
court.  In  February,  1890,  shortly  after  Wash- 
ington had  been  admitted  as  a  state,  the  state 
supreme  court  held  that  under  the  state  law  the 
court's  incorporation  of  towns  was  void.  The 
town  immediately  proceeded  to  reincorporate 
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
state  law.  The  reincorporation  of  the  town  of 
Colville'brought  up  a  fine  point  of  law,  which 
was  not  decided  until  some  few  years  afterward. 
The  city  government  under  the  territorial  in- 
corporation had  contracted  a  number  of  debts. 
One  of  them,  an  item  of  indebtedness,  Avas  an 
account  of  $600  due  Mr.  A.  A.  Barnett  for  ser- 
vices as  town  marshal.  Under  the  ruling  of 
the  supreme  court  in  1890  the  former  incorpo- 
ration was  held  to  be  null  and  void  and  to  have 
no  legal  existence.  With  this  decision  staring 
them  in  the  face  the  new  town  authorities  did 
not  feel  like  assuming  the  responsibility  of  pay- 
ing the  debts.  The  matter  was  allowed  to  drag 
along  for  several  years,  and  the  case  finally 
was  decided  in  the  supreme  court,  having  been 
taken  up  by  M.  M.  Cowley  for  the  Traders' 
National  Bank  of  Spokane,  which  held  some  of 
the  warrants.  The  court  decided  that  while  the 
old  corporation  had  no  legal  connection  with 
the  new  corporation,  the  debts  were  contracted 
in  good  faith  by  practically  the  same  organiza- 
tion, and  Colville  was  ordered  to  pay  the  indebt- 
edness contracted  by  the  former  city  govern- 
ment." 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


131 


A  brief  resume  of  the  reincorporation  of  the 
county  seat  made  necessary  by  the  decision  of 
the  state  supreme  court  will  not  l3e  out  of  place 
here,  as  it  is  valuable  historical  data.  When  the 
people  of  Colville  were  rudely  awakened  to  the 
fact  that  instead  of  being  a  full-fledged  city 
they  were  not  a  corporate  body  at  all.  a  petition 
was  presented  to  the  board  of  county  commis- 
sioners asking  for  incorporation  of  the  town 
of  Coh-ille  under  the  laws  of  the  state.  This 
petition  was  granted  and  Monday,  May  26, 
1890,  was  set  for  holding  a  special  election  to 
name  five  trustees  and  one  town  treasurer. 
June  2  the  vote  at  this  special  election  was 
canvassed  by  the  commissioners.  It  was  found 
that  the  total  number  of  votes  cast  was  76,  of 
which  76  were  in  favor  of  incorporation  and 
none  against  it.  The  trustees  elected  were  A. 
A.  Barnett,  Benjamin  P.  Moore,  John  B.  Sla- 
ter, O.  Peone  and  Lewis  Schifile.  Frank  B. 
Goetter  was  elected  town  treasurer.  Colville 
was  declared  to  be  a  town  of  the  fourth  class. 

June  12,  1890,  the  new  council  convened  in 
its  initial  session,  and  proceeded  to  organize. 
A.  A.  Barnett  was  chosen  mayor ;  John  U.  Hof- 
stetter,  street  commissioner;  F.  Wolff,  town 
marshall ;  J.  H.  Moyle,  town  clerk ;  H.  G.  Kirk- 
patrick,  town  attorney ;  R.  B.  Thomas,  engineer. 
J.  H.  Moyle  declined  to  serve  as  town  clerk, 
and  F.  H.  Fish  was  selected  for  that  position. 
Colville  was  now  on  a  firm  municipal  basis  and 
the  matter  of  indebtedness  contracted  by  the 
organization  under  the  territorial  law  drifted 
along,  got  into  court,  and  was  finally  adjusted 
as  previously  stated. 

May  26,  1 89 1,  a  special  election  was  held 
for  the  purpose  of  deciding  whether  or  not  to 
bond  the  town.  Seventy  votes  were  cast  and 
all  of  them  in  favor  of  bonding.  These  bonds 
were  voted  for  the  purpose  oS  establishing  a 
municipal  system  of  water  works,  but  they  were 
ne\'er  issued.  At  a  meeting  of  the  town  coun- 
cil held  February  3,  1891,  a  motion  prevailed  to 
instruct  the  town  attorney  to  draft  a  memorial 
to  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  Washington, 


asking  for  an  enabling  act  authorizing  the  pres- 
ent incorporation  of  the  town  of  Colville  to 
assume  all  indebtedness  contracted  by  the  orig- 
inal territorial  incorporation,  which  had  been 
declared  \ok\  by  the  state  supreme  court.  Ac- 
cordingly the  memorial  was  drawn  up,  a  few 
days  later,  and  a  copy  forwarded  to  the  state 
legislature  then  in  session  at  Olympia.  It  does 
not  appear  that  the  legislature  acted  upon  this 
petition,  as  we  find  the  case  subsequently  in  the 
state  supreme  court,  the  Traders'  National 
Bank  of  Spokane,  plaintiff^.  The  court's  decis- 
ion was  favorable  to  the  sentiments  of  the 
signers  of  this  memorial. 

Sunday,  March  i,  1891,  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church,  of  Colville,  was  dedicated. 
Of  these  services  the  Re  publican,  under  date 
of  March  7,  says : 

"The  sermon  of  Rev.  Walters  was  one  of 
the  ablest  ever  enjoyed  by  a  Colville  audience. 
After  the  sermon,  and  other  exercises,  includ- 
ing hymns  and  anthems  excellently  rendered, 
Mr.  Walters  made  an  appeal  for  contributions 
to  finish  paying  for  the  church.  His  words 
were  so  well  chosen  and  his  manner  so  winning 
that  the  whole  amount  was  made  up  in  a  short 
time,  the  donors  seeming  to  feel  it  a  privilege 
to  contribute.  One  of  the  special  features  of 
the  occasion  was  the  presentation  of  an  elegant 
pulpit  Bible  by  Mrs.  Fannie  Barman.  The 
gift  was  highly  appreciated.  The  church  is  a 
beautiful  edifice,  well  appointed  and  convenient. 
The  church  was  dedicated  free  of  debt,  $530.50 
being  raised  by  Mr.  Walters  and  Mr.  Clark." 

February  13,  1892,  Colville  suffered  its 
first  severe  loss  by  fire.  Although  the  total  of 
losses  was  not  great,  yet  they  were  severe  when 
the  size  of  the  town  is  taken  into  consideration. 
This  conflagration  was  quite  a  sensational 
event,  moreover,  as  it  developed  a  certain 
sturdy  heroism  in  the  handling  of  so  deadly  an 
explosive  as  dynamite.  The  fire  broke  out  at 
7  130  p.  m.,  in  the  Dominion  hotel.  Nearly  the 
entire  population  of  Colville,  at  that  time,  were 
gathered  at  Meyers'  Opera  House  witnessing  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


play  presented  by  the  Ladies"  Aid  Society,  of 
Colville.     At  that  period  the  only  fire  depart- 
ment   possessed    by    the    municipality    was    a 
bucket  brigade.    But  it  proved  surprisingly  effi- 
cient and  accomplished  yeoman  service.     A  ro- 
tary pump  belonging  to  Joseph  Luckenbel  was, 
also,  brought   into   requisition  and  immediate 
action  by  attaching  to  it  the  hose  of  the  Meyers" 
block.     This  line  of  hose  was  laid  across  the 
street  and  within  a  remarkably  brief  space  of 
time  a  good  stream  was  brought  to  bear  on  the  \ 
Witham  building.     At  the  time  the  window 
frames  and  sash  of  this  edifice  were  already  j 
smoking  and  about  to  be  fanned  into  flames.   [ 
Across  the  windows  were  placed  blankets  and 
pieces  of  carpet,  and  these  were  saturated  with  ; 
water.     But  so  intense  was  the  heat  that  this  ' 
proved  useless.     All  glass  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Witham  block  cracked  into  flinders  and  fell 
to  the  ground.     It  now  looked  as  though  the 
Ribkey  store  building,   Charette's   saloon   and 
the   Hofstetter  barn,    and   a   place   called   the 
"Ark"  would  be  destroyed.     It  was  also  plain 
that  unless  some  immediate  and  effective  action  j 
could  be  taken  the  saloon  of  James  Durkin, 
Habrin's    stable,    the   postoffice   and,    possibly 
Perras  &  Lemery's  store  would  soon  burst  into 
flames. 

At  this  critical  juncture  was  heard  the  cry 
of  "dynamite  and  giant  powder!"  rising  above 
the  tumult  of  the  crowd  and  the  roar  of  devour- 
ing flames  rapidly  eating  up  the  hotel.  Almost 
simultaneously  a  man  was  observed  running 
toward  the  Rickey  building  with  a  box  of  giant 
powder  on  his  shoulder.  At  once  an  order  rang 
out  for  everyone  to  fall  back  and  watch  for  fly- 
ing timbers.  The  crowd  required  no  urging  to 
act  upon  such  a  sensible  suggestion,  and  a  deaf- 
ening explosion  immediately  followed;  the 
Rickey  building  could  be  seen  in  the  air  flying 
in  all  directions :  it  was  plainly  evident  that  the 
courageous  parties  who  handled  the  powder 
were  experts  in  the  business.  This  was 
heroic  treatment  but  effective,  although  other 
buildings  in  the  \'icinit\'  did  not  escape  damage 


consequent  upon  the  force  of  the  explosion. 
All  the  glass  in  Durkin's  saloon  and  Habein"s 
stable  was  broken,  as  were  several  windows  in 
the  postoffice,  and  one  large  plate  glass  in  the 
Hotel  Colville,  besides  several  smaller  ones  in 
various  parts  of  the  building.  William  Hof- 
stetter sustained  quite  severe  bruises  caused  by 
a  portion  of  the  roof  of  the  Rickey  building- 
falling  upon  him. 

The  Dominion  hotel  was  built  in  the  fall  of 
the  year  1885  at  a  cost  of  about  $5,000.  It  was 
erected  when  material  was  very  high,  and  was 
composed  entirely  of  wood.  The  Rickey  build- 
ing was  built  about  the  same  period  and  cost 
about  $1,500,  but  was  valued  at  $1,000.  It  was 
a  total  loss  to  Mr.  Rickey  as  it  was  absolutely 
necessary  to  blow  up  the  building  to  save  adja- 
cent property.  The  losses  were  about  as  fol- 
lows:  Benoyse  estate,  $3,000;  John  Rickey, 
(no  insurance)  $1,000;  J.  J.  Cascadden,  furni- 
ture, $500;  F.  Barman,  $250;  C.  W.  Witham, 
$250;  Mattie  Charette,  $100;  I.  Luft,  $100;  A. 
Chandler,  $150;  D.  T.  Daniels,  $50;  James 
Durkin,  $150;  Frank  Habein,  $25;  Charles 
Fluegle,  $15;  John  U.  Hofstetter,  $15:  Court 
House,  $ia;  postoffice,  $5. 

It  is  necessary  to  revert  to  the  year  1 887  for 
the  purpose  of  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that 
Colville  at  one  time  had  a  smelter.  It  was 
erected  in  1887  by  the  Mutual  Mining  &  Smelt- 
ing Company  and  conducted  at  a  profit  for  two 
years,  being  located  on  the  hill  north  and  adja- 
cent to  the  city.  The  company  was  an  organi- 
zation of  New  York  capitalists,  the  stock  being 
$100,000,  in  shares  of  $1  each.  The  cost  of  the 
plant  was  $25,000.  Ore  was  hauled  by  teams 
from  various  parts  of  the  county,  principally 
Chewelah,  there  being  no  railway  line  to  Col- 
ville at  that  period.  It  was  necessary  to  haul 
the  coke  from  Spokane  by  team.  The  smelter 
finally  passed  into  the  hands  of  Receiver  John 
B.  Slater,  and  was  disposed  of  by  him. 

Following  the  disastrous  fire  of  February, 
1892,  steps  were  taken  in  the  following  March 
for  the  organization  of  the  Colville  Hook  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


^33 


Ladder  Company.  This  organization  was  per- 
fected at  a  meeting  held  March  5th,  at  the  office 
of  J.  C.  Luckenbel.  The  following  officers  were 
elected:  S.  F.  Sherwood,  foreman;  F.  C. 
Hammond,  assistant  foreman ;  J.  B.  D.  Meeds, 
Jr.,  secretary ;  W.  H.  Kearney,  treasurer ;  J.  C. 
Luckenbel,  truckman. 

The  following  were  elected  as  charter  mem- 
bers :  S.  F.  Sherwood,  Joseph  C.  Luckenbel, 
J.  B.  D.  Meeds,  Jr.;  F.  B.  Goetter;  C.  S.  In- 
galls:  F.  C.  Hammond;  N.  J.  Klass;  H.  W. 
Sacher;  F.  H.  Fish;  S.  Dilsheimer;  F  S. 
Miller;  C.  D.  Coleman;  W.  S.  Prindle;  Tames 
Thomas ;  Ole  Olson ;  W.  Miller ;  W.  H.  Kear- 
ney ;  S.  Walsh :  A.  H.  Sperry ;  J.  Sacher ;  C.  W. 
Witham. 

March  15  the  town  council  appropriated 
$500  for  the  support  of  the  newly  organized 
fire  company,  having  rescinded  a  former  appro- 
priation of  $300  which  had  never  been  used. 

The  material  prosperity  and  social  condi- 
tions of  Colville  can  best  be  described  by  the 
following  extracts  from  local  journals.  Jan- 
nary  29,  1892,  the  Republican  said: 

"There  are  now  in  contemplation  five  hand- 
some business  houses,  the  building  of  which 
will  commence  in  the  early  spring.  The 
smelter  is  certain  to  become  the  property  of 
some  individual  or  company  who  will  run  it  for 
all  it  is  worth,  after  making  a  few  changes  in 
construction.  The  cause  of  its  lying  idle  was 
its  unfortunate  ownership  by  men  lacking  cap- 
ital and  devoid  of  business  ability.  There  have 
been  more  transfers  of  Colville  lots  within  the 
last  three  months — genuine  transactions  on  a 
business  basis — than  have  been  made  during 
the  same  time  by  all  the  rest  of  the  towns  in  the 
county  combined.  Do  not  misunderstand  us; 
we  are  not  crowing:  we  only  wish  that  every 
town  in  the  county,  as  well  as  this  place,  had 
been  blessed  with  a  brisk  trade  in  town  prop- 
erty. 

"There  have  been  in  the  past,  and  we  pre- 
sume there  are  still  some  people  in  the  county 
Avho  have  an  unaccountable  prejudice  against 


the  county  seat.  We  will  say  to  those  people 
that  while  the  whole  county  is  growing,  Col- 
ville is  also  developing,  that  new,  modern  and 
artistic  residences  are  being  built,  that  it  has 
been  a  long  time  since  you  have  been  here ;  that 
you  should  come  and  see  these  substantial  im- 
provements that  you  may  realize  the  fact  that 
the  town  of  Colville  stands  on  the  ground  that 
will  be  covered  by  the  City  of  this  portion  of 
the  country  within  five  j-ears.  ***** 
Work  on  the  mines  in  this  vicinity  has  more 
than  doubled  within  the  last  six  months;  fifty 
men  are  at  work  building  the  Old  Dominion 
concentrator,  and  the  promise  is  that  so  soon  as 
it  is  at  work  a  large  number  of  mines  whose 
ores  will  assay  from  $60  to  $500  a  ton  will  be 
opened  up  in  good  shape.  Make  no  mistake: 
things  are  coming  our  way,  and  business  is 
picking  up;  spring  will  open  with  an  activity 
that  will  take  the  wind  out  of  the  sails  of  the 
chronic  kicker." 

February  28,  1895,  the  Index  said: 
"Notwithstanding  the  prevailing  hard  times 
and  g'cneral  depression,  Colville  does  not  pro- 
pose to  fold  her  hands  and,  like  Micawber,  wait 
for  'something  to  turn  up.'  She  is  not  built  that 
way.  The  season  will  open  in  Colville  by  the 
erection  of  several  buildings,  business  houses 
and  residences.  C.  W.  Winter,  of  the  Bank  of 
Colville,  has  purchased  ground  on  East  Still 
street  upon  which  he  will  erect  a  fine  residence 
to  be  ready  for  occupancy  this  summer. 
Charles  Thompson  will  also  build  a  residence 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  town.  W.  H.  Wright 
will  soon  begin  the  erection  of  a  business  house 
on  the  corner  of  Still  and  Main  streets,  on  the 
site  of  his  old  store  which  was  burned.  Other 
improvements  will  be  made  in  the  near  future 
\\'hich  are  not  yet  sufficiently  developed  to  be 
mentioned." 

September  3,  1897,  the  Index  said : 
"Colville  is  a  larger  town  that  even  in  the 
days  of  the  boom  of  many  years  ago.    At  pres- 
ent there  is  not  a  vacant  house  in  town  and 
many  families  are  occupying  rooms  in  blocks 


134 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


simply  because  there  are  not  enough  residence 
buildings  adequate  to  the  demand.  Real  estate 
is  held  at  normal  value  and  considered  cheap. 
Numerous  cottages  are  being  built  at  present, 
and  it  is  safe  to  presume  that  besides  these 
many  more  will  find  tenants,  especially  during 
the  school  terms,  at  good  rental  returns.  The 
steady  growth  of  Colville  is  largely  due  to  its 
being  the  natural  educational  center  of  a  large 
radius  of  agricultural  land.  At  present  Col- 
ville has  an  academy  which  accommodates  fully 
two  hundred  students.  The  capacity  of  our 
public  school  is  being  doubled,  giving  room  for 
two  hundred  more  pupils  than  heretofore." 

Commenting  upon  the  new  improvements 
made  by  Colville  up  to  1899  the  Statesman-In- 
dex of  August  18,  of  that  year,  said: 

"Colville  continues  to  enjoy  a  period  of 
healthy  growth  which,  however,  is  in  no  way 
to  be  classed  as  a  building  boom.  This  period 
of  growth  dates  from  1897  when  three  or  four 
citizens  concluded  that  Colville  was  a  pretty 
good  place  after  all  and  forthwith  built  them- 
selves elegant  and  comfortable  homes.  Last 
year  their  excellent  example  was  patterned  by 
others  who  likewise  built  homes.  The  court 
house  was  also  completed  last  year. 

"With  the  opening  of  spring  this  year  the 
good  work  was  resumed,  some  building  new 
residences,  others  remodeling  and  enlarging 
their  buildings.  None  of  the  structures  of  this 
year  equal  in  cost  the  best  building  erected  last 
season,  but  there  are  more  of  them  so  that  the 
aggregate  this  season  will  exceed  that  of  last 
year.  The  buildings,  or  improvements  already 
completed  this  season  or  now  in  progress,  will 
amount  approximately  to  $16,000,  and  there 
is  more  than  a  possibility  that  at  least  three  or 
four  more  good  residences  will  be  commenced 
during  the  fall  season.  Below  is  a  list  of  the 
building  improvements  now  complete  or  in 
progress  at  the  present  time,  with  the  approx- 
imate cost  of  each : 

"J.  Pohle,  malting  establishment,  $4,000: 
residences:  M.  R.  Peck.  $2,300:  Hershberger. 


$1,600;  John  Cowling,  $800;  Mrs.  Cameron, 
$1,000;  George  Reynolds,  $800;  Dick  Fry, 
$800;  Ed  Sherwood,  $550;  Thomas  Williams, 
$550;  W.  H.  Wright,  store,  $500;  C.  W.  Hall, 
store,  $400;  S.  A.  Chamberlain,  residence, 
$400;  W.  Moorhead,  addition  to  residence, 
$400;  L.  B.  Harvey,  addition  to  residence, 
$350;  Colville  Paint  Company,  office  and  ware- 
house, $350;  L.  W.  Meyers,  improvements, 
$300;  G.  B.  Ide,  addition  to  residence,  $225  ;  W 
E.  Parmelee,  addition  to  residence,  $200 ;  A.  W. 
Miles,  residence,  $200 ;  Louis  Perras,  brick  root 
house,  $150;  Gardner  &  Baker,  improvements, 
$75;  A.  J.  Lee,  improvements,  $500;  A.  A. 
Bamett,  'improvements.  $150;  H.  G.  Kirk- 
patrick,  improvements,  %J$." 

In  1900  the  Spokane  Galvanized  Wire  Pipe 
Company,  of  which  H.  Orchard  was  the  head, 
was  granted  a  franchise  to  install  and  operate 
a  system  of  waterworks  in  the  town  of  Colville. 
The  town  council  contracted  with  this  company 
for  the  use  of  the  water  for  fire  purposes,  and 
on  August  14  the  water  was  accepted  by  the 
council.  Later  there  was  considerable  dis- 
agreement between  the  council  and  the  com- 
pany as  to  the  price  to  be  paid  by  the  town  for 
its  water,  the  council  claiming  that  $25  per 
month  was  the  stipulated  price,  while  the  water 
company  demanded  $30  per  month.  Thus  mat- 
ters drifted  along  until  1902  when  \\\  B. 
Hewes  secured  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
company,  and  changed  the  name  of  the  corpor- 
ation to  the  Colville  Water  Power  &  Develop- 
ment Company.  The  system  is  now  in  success- 
ful operation  and  giving  universal  satisfaction. 
The  water  is  obtained  from  a  spring  situated 
about  one  mile  southeast  of  the  business  por- 
tion of  the  town,  and  is  piped  to  all  parts  of 
the  city  from  the  company's  reservoir. 

Colville  has  a  post  ofiice  of  the  third  class, 
and  in  addition  to  receiving  two  mails  a  day,  it 
is  the  distributing  point  for  two  rural  free  de- 
livery systems.  One  route  is  to  the  Narcease 
country,  eleven  miles  southeast,  the  trip  being 
made  dailv.    The  other  is  a  star  route  to  Echo, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


135 


eleven  miles  north,  and  the  trip  is  made  on 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays. 

The  first  commencement  exercises  of  the 
public  schools  held  in  Colville  ocurred  Satur- 
day evening,  May  18,  1900.  In  the  educational 
affairs  of  Stevens  county  this  occasion  marked 
an  important  period.  The  members  of  the 
grammar  school  class  of  1900  were,  mainly  resi- 
dents of  Colville,  and  they  received  the  hearty 
congratulations  of  friends  for  having  so  success- 
fully and  satisfactorily  completed  their  work  in 
the  eighth  grade.  The  exercises  were  conducted 
at  the  Olympic  Theatre,  which  had  been  taste- 
fully and  appropriately  decorated  for  this  schol- 
astic occasion.  There  were  present  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Colville  schools.  Professor  Say- 
lor,  superintendent  of  the  city  schools  of 
Spokane,  Professor  J.  E.  M.  Bailey,  and  all  of 
these  gentlemen  were  seated  near  the  graduat- 
ing class.  To  Miss  Mary  Suig  was  accorded 
the  honor  of  delivering  the  salutatory  address ; 
Masler  George  Zent  was  the  valedictorian. 
President  Rickey,  of  the  board  of  directors,  pre- 
sented the  diplomas.  There  were  fourteen 
members  in  the  class  and  the  event  reflected 
high  credit  upon  their  efforts  and  the  conscien- 
tious work  of  their  teachers. 

September  3  the  public  schools  of  Colville 
reopened  with  the  addition  of  a  ninth  grade,  or 
more  properly,  high  school  "first  year."  This 
advanced  course  included  work  in  algebra, 
philosophy  literature,  rhetoric,  word  study  and 
physical  geopraphy.  Ample  facilities  were 
also  provided  for  such  as  desired  to  take  up 
courses  in  bookkeeping,  shorthand  and  type- 
writing in  addition  to  the  elementary  studies  of 
the  high  school.  No  tuition  fee  was  charged 
for  any  of  these  special  lines  of  work.  On  the 
day  named  the  school  opened  with  an  excellent 
enrollment,  there  being  a  number  of  students 
from  out  of  town,  including  one  from  Ross- 
land,  B.  C. 

Friday  evening,  May  24,  1901,  was  held  the 
second  annual  commencement.  This  class 
numbered    six    member  s^Gertrude    Bashaw, 


Etta  Zent,  Olive  Bryan,  May  Cameron,  Mig-  ' 
non  Jones  and  Bird  Nelson.  County  Superin- 
tendent W.  L.  Sax  delivered  an  appropriate 
address  to  the  large  audience  assembled,  the 
central  thought  of  which  was  confined  to  the 
work  of  a  district  high  school.  He  expressed 
the  hope,  as  well  as  the  conviction,  that  when 
the  question  came  before  the  people  that  it 
would  receive  the  unanimous  support  of  the 
electors.  At  that  period  it  was  proposed  to 
build  a  high  school  structure.  The  Stevens 
County  Reveille  of  May  30,  said : 

"Much  credit  is  due  Prof.  J.  E.  M.  Bailey 
for  the  able  manner  in  which  he  has  conducted 
the  school  for  the  past  two  years,  and  he  has 
been  ably  assisted  by  the  efficient  corps  of 
teachers  under  him,  and  also  by  the  patrons  of 
the  schools." 

Saturday,  July  27,  a  special  election  was 
held  for  the  purpose  of  voting  upon  a  proposi- 
tion to  levy  a  ten-mill  tax  to  build  an  addition 
to  the  school  house.  It  was  in  the  nature  of  a 
dual  proposition  and  resulted  as  follows :  For 
new  building,  40 ;  against  building,  62 ;  for 
ten-mill  tax,  33 ;  against  tax,  yy.  The  total 
enrollment  of  the  Colville  public  schools  in 
1903  was  215.  A  ninth  and  tenth  grade  were 
maintained,  the  former  comprising  five,  and  the 
latter  four  pupils.  The  course  of  studies  was 
raised  in  order  to  unite  the  two  grades  in  the 
study  of  European  history  and  rhetoric,  there- 
by lessening  the  number  of  daily  recitations. 
The  eighth  grade  consisted  of  twenty-two 
pupils. 

The  Colville  fire  department  has  been  not- 
able for  a  number  of  reorganizations.  March 
16,  1901.  was  the  occasion  of  one  of  them, 
when  a  preliminary  meeting  was  held  which 
w^s  followed  on  the  evening  of  the  i8th  by  an- 
other at  which  a  permanent  organization  was 
effected.  Dr.  Harvey  was  elected  chief,  Charles 
Wingham,  assistant,  and  R.  E.  Lee  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  same  month  a  hose  cart 
was  purchased  by  the  city,  which  had,  prev- 
I  iously,  in  June,   1900,  bought  five  hydrants  at 


136 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


$30  each,  and  700  feet  of  hose  costing  $391. 
During  the  spring  of  1903  the  Colville  depart- 
ment was  again  reorganized.  James  Petty  was 
appointed  chief.  Prior  to  this  period  there  had 
been  no  fire  house,  and  interest  in  the  organiza- 
tion had  waned  perceptibly.  Following  the 
election  of  Mr.  Petty  as  head  of  the  department 
the  city  council  erected  a  new  hose  house  at  a 
cost  of  $300  and  authorized  the  purchase  of 
new  apparatus.  At  present,  owing  to  the  ex- 
cellent water  pressure,  the  town  is  afforded  the 
best  possible  protection  against  fire.  Hydrants 
are  situated  in  convenient  places  in  different 
portions  of  the  town,  and  the  esprit  du  corps  of 
the  department  is  above  reproach. 

There  are  in  the  town  of  Colville  the  fol- 
lowing fraternal  societies :  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Col- 
ville Lodge  No.  57;  R.  A.  M.,  Colville  Chapter 
No.  20;  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  Colville 
Chapter  No.  57;  Independent  Order  Odd  Fel- 
lows, Colville  Lodge  No.  109;  Rebecca,  Faith- 
ful Lodge  No.  90 ;  Modern  Woodmen  of  Amer- 
ica. Tamarack  Camp  No.  9215;  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  General  John  M.  Corse  Post, 
No.  98,  Department  of  Washington  and 
Alaska ;  and  the  Woodmen  of  the  World. 

May  20,  1886,  a  dispensation  was  granted 
to  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  first  meeting  was 
held  June  23,  1886.  The  lodge  received  its 
charter  June  3,  1887.  The  initial  officers  were 
Christopher  K.  Gilson,  W.  M.,  A.  A.  Barnett, 
S.  W.,  A.  M.  Anderson,  J.  W.  Colville  Chap- 
ter No.  57,  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  was  or- 
ganized February  5,  1900,  with  nineteen  mem- 
bers and  the  following  officers :  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Brouilett,  Matron ;  John  B.  Slater,  Patron  and 
Mrs.  Delva  Smith,  Associate  Matron.  The 
chapter  was  chartered  in  June,  1900,  and  was 
organized  under  the  charter  July  13,  1900. 
Colville  Chapter  No.  20,  Royal  Arch  Masons, 
was  organized  May  21,  1900,  and  established 
under  its  charter  July  28,  1900. 

In  March,  1899  a  meeting  was  held  at  the 
law  office  of  Judge  King  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  a  jiost  of  the  C-and   Army  of  the 


Republic.  D.  C.  Ely  was  chosen  chairman 
and  Thomas  King  secretary.  A  number  of  the 
veterans  present  signed  a  petition  to  depart- 
ment headquarters  asking  that  a  G.  A.  R. 
post  be  established  at  Colville.  They  were  A. 
F.  Perkins,  William  Day,  John  O'Brien,  Ed- 
ward Cox,  Hugh  Weir,  John  Salvage,  Samuel 
A.  Chamberlain,  Austin  Prouty,  David  Fisher, 
and  Thomas  J.  Baldaidge.  The  name  of  Gen- 
eral John  M.  Corse  was  selected  for  the  new 
post,  and  the  members  were  formally  mus- 
tered in  during  the  May  following.  A.  F.  Per- 
kins was  elected  commander,  C.  W.  Campbell, 
adjutant  and  Mr.  Cox.  quartermaster. 

There  are  four  church  societies  in  Colville, 
Congregational,  Baptist,  Free  IMethodist  and 
Catholic.  All  have  comfortable  and  commo- 
dious church  edifices  with  the  exception  of  the 
Baptists,  and  that  organization  is  now  erecting 
a  handsome  place  of  worship. 

The  electric  lights  of  the  Northwestern 
Light  &  Power  Company  were  first  turned  on 
in  Colville  Saturday,  August  22,  1903.  The 
result  was  satisfactory  in  every  particular,  and 
it  was  one  of  the  important  events  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  industrial  side  of  Stevens  county 
history.  The  promoters  of  the  enterprise  leased 
from  L.  W.  Meyers,  owner  of  the  falls  in  the 
river,  at  Meyers  Falls,  a  minimum  of  3,000 
horse  power,  with  a  privilege  of  increasing  the 
supply  as  the  business  of  the  company  should 
demand.  The  plant  was  installed  by  the  Wag- 
ner-Bullock Company  of  Cincinnati  and  St. 
Louis.  The  power  at  present  is  furnished 
through  the  medium  of  a  three-hundred  horse- 
power Lafelle  water  wheel.  This  operates  a 
generator  with  a  capacity  of  2,600  lines  of  16- 
candle  power  each.  The  electricity  is  trans- 
mitted over  high  tension  wire  from  Meyers 
Falls  to  Colville,  twelve  miles,  and  here  it 
passes  through  transformers  which  furnish  the 
incandescent  and  arc  lights  from  the  same  cir- 
cuit. This  system  will  include  the  towns  of 
Colville,  Meyers  Falls,  Kettle  Falls,  Marcus, 
Bossburg    and     Northport.      The    Northport 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


iZ7 


smelter  will,  also,  be  supplied  with  light  and 
power,  and  its  owners  have  contracted  with  the 
company  for  a  period  of  five  years.  The  North- 
western Light  &  Power  Company  was  organ- 
ized early  in  May,  1903,  and  the  enterprise  has 
"been  promoted  entirely  by  local  capitalists.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are :  President,  F.  G. 
Finucane,  manager  of  the  Bank  of  Montreal, 
at  Spokane;  vice  president,  C.  W.  Winter, 
cashier  and  manager  of  the  Bank  of  Colville; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  T.  A.  Winter,  assistant 
cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Colville.  The  principal 
place  of  business  is  Colville. 

NORTHPORT. 

Northport,  the  "Smelter  City,"  and  the 
port  of  entry,  is  the  most  populous  town  in 
Stevens  county.  It  was  so  named  by  the  town- 
site  company  that  located  it,  because  the  topo- 
graphy of  the  country  between  Nortlrport  and 
the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States 
and  British  Columbia,  demonstrated  the  fact 
that  it  was  destined  to  be  the  most  northern 
town  on  the  line  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  North- 
ern railway.  True,  the  little  town  of  Boundary 
was  established — a  town  of  practically  one 
family — but  events  have  sustained  the  wisdom 
of  establishing  Northport  as  the  port  of  entry. 

In  the  spring  of  1892  the  present  site  of  the 
city  of  Northport.  now  the  metropolis  of  Ste- 
vens county,  was  simply  a  prettily  wooded  flat. 
Three  log  cabins  were  to  be  found  in  the  vicin- 
ity occupied  by  homesteaders.  These  home- 
steads constitute  the  present  townsite.  They 
ivere  held  by  A.  V.  Downs.  Fred  Farquhar  and 
Frank  George,  the  latter  at  one  time  superin- 
tendent of  construction  of  the  Spokane  Falls  & 
Northern  railway.  These  men  became  spon- 
sors for  the  permanency  of  the  future  townsite. 
Within  the  space  of  a  few  short  months  the 
primeval  woods  were  converted  into  a  lively 
city.  May  28,  1892,  the  town  was  dedicated, 
by  the  Northport  Townsite  Company,  E.  J. 
Roberts,  president;  A.   F.   Herrick.  secretary. 


The  initial  enterprise  established  was  a  general 
store  by  T.  L.  Savage.  At  this  period  Mr. 
Savage  was  collector  of  the  port.  Previously 
he  had  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
at  Kettle  Falls.  But  that  particular  "boom" 
town  was  waning ;  falling  into  municipal  inepti- 
tude and  decrepitude,  and  Mr.  Savage,  aware 
of  the  fact  that  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
railroad  was  headed  this  way,  decided  to  re- 
move his  stock  of  goods  to  Northport.  W.  A. 
F.  Case,  present  postmaster  of  Northport,  was 
manager  of  the  new  enterprise,  and  about  June 
I,  the  store  was  opened  in  a  small  log  cabin  on 
the  present  site  of  Mr.  Savage's  big  store. 

The  second  business  house  erected  in  the 
young  metropolis  was  built  by  W.  P.  Hughes. 
This  was  occupied  by  the  post  office  and  the 
Northport  News,  of  which  Mr.  Hughes  was 
editor  and  proprietor.  The  latter  came  under 
a  contract  with  D.  C.  Corbin,  promoter  and 
constructor  of  the  railroad,  to  build  the  town  of 
Northport.  The  establishment  of  the  News  by 
Mr.  Hughes,  where  there  was  practically  only 
a  "paper  town,"  was  considerable  of  a  venture 
and  it  was,  in  reality,  a  "country  newspaper." 
At  the  time  the  plant  was  installed  there  was 
no  railroad,  or  even  wagon  roads — nothing  save 
a  trail  through  the  mountains  could  be  traced 
to  the  present  town  of  Northport.  But  over 
this,  after  surmounting  innumerable  difficulties, 
Mr.  Hughes  and  his  printer,  C.  F.  Murphy, 
now  editor  of  the  Northport  Republican,  suc- 
ceeded in  bringing  in  the  plant  with  ox  teams. 
On  the  nation's  birthday,  July  4,  1892,  the 
Northport  Nezvs  made  its  first  appearance.  At 
this  early  period  a  dozen  souls  could,  probably, 
be  numbered  as  inhabitants  of  the  "town" — 
consisting  of  two  buildings  and  a  few  tents. 
Doubtless  the  most  interesting  item  of  news  in 
the  paper  was  the  one  giving  currency  to  a  re- 
port that  there  was.  actually,  a  town  of  North- 
port;  establishing  "a  local  habitation  and  a 
name."    The  News  said : 

"Seldom  in  the  annals  of  journalism  has  it 
been  necessary  for  a  new  paper  to  explain  for 


138 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  benefit  and  enlightenment  of  its  contempor- 
aries where  it  exists  and  who  are  its  expected 
patrons. 

"Yet,  save  within  a  circumscribed  area,  one 
may  presume  that  a  certain  ignorance  anent 
Xorthport  exists,  and  the  reasons  for  such  a 
presumtion  are  as  various  as  they  are  plausible. 
The  most  recently  published  map  of  the  United 
States ;  the  most  comprehensive  atlas ;  the  very 
latest  gazeteer,  none  of  them  indicate  the  loca- 
tion of  Northport;  none  of  them  recognize  its 
existence.  The  census  taker  has  passed  it  by; 
it  has  so  far  enjoyed  no  place  in  history;  a 
month  or  two  ago  it  was  a  beautiful  wooded 
flat:  today  it  is  already  a  town;  tomorrow— a 
few  tomorrows  hence,  at  any  rate — it  will  be  a 
city." 

Tuesday,  August  9,  the  young  town  had  a 
narrow  escape  from  destruction  by  fire.  Con- 
cerning this  event  the  News  says  : 

"The  entire  fire  brigade  was  called  out 
Tuesday  afternoon  to  fight  a  fire  in  the  timber 
at  the  southern  portion  of  the  townsite.  A  fire 
had  been  burning  around  that  neighborhood 
for  about  two  weeks,  but  little  attention  was 
paid  to  it,  as  it  was  thought  it  would  die  out 
of  its  own  accord.  About  noon,  Tuesday,  a 
stiff  wind  sprung  up  from  the  south  fanning 
the  blaze  until  a  fire  commenced  to  run  toward 
the  business  part  of  the  town,  causing  wide- 
spread alarm.  A  large  crowd  of  men  then 
turned  out  and  fought  it  by  making  a  path  and 
back-firing.  Fortunately  about  this  time  the 
wind  changed  to  the  north  and  the  fighters  won 
the  victory  by  sucessfully  stopping  the  fire  from 
reaching  any  building." 

August  5.  1892.  the  Northport  saw  mill 
began  operations.  William  Smith,  R.  L.  Bar- 
low, W.  R.  Lee  and  H.  Viet  were  the  proprie- 
tors. The  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railroad, 
which  had  been  built  to  the  Little  Dalles  in 
1900,  and  upon  which  for  nearly  two  years 
work  had  been  suspended,  in  the  fall  of  1892 
was  extended  to  Xorthport.  In  the  language 
of  the  Northport  Nezvs : 


"Sunday,  September  18,  was  the  eventful 
day  the  railroad  reached  Northport,  and  the 
sight  of  E.  J.  Roberts,  the  energetic  chief  en- 
gineer of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  rail- 
road, clothed  in  a  long  duster  and  a  regulation 
broad-brimmed  army  hat,  walking  with  slow 
and  majestic  tread  and  commanding  mien,  giv- 
ing his  orders  in  a  clear  and  forcible  voice  to  a 
large  crowd  of  men  who  were  following  him, 
putting  ties  in  their  proper  places  and  laying 
rails,  with  the  construction  train  slowly  moving 
along  behind  the  whole,  was  a  pleasing  and 
astonishing  sight,  and  one  that  will  never  be 
forgotten  by  tlje  pioneers  of  Northport,  the 
future  mining,  milling,  smelting  and  agricul- 
tural city  of  northeastern  Washington."' 

The  first  passenger  train  ran  into  the  town 
two  days  later.  A  box-car  was  utilized  as  a 
depot  until  a  suitable  structure  could  be  erected. 
The  arrival  of  this  railroad  signified  much  to 
the  new  town,  and  prosperous  times  resulted. 
For  a  few  months  Northport  was  the  terminus 
of  the  railroad.  Then  work  was  recommenced 
and  the  road  extended  to  Nelson,  B.  C,  the 
following  year.  Northport  was  headquarters 
for  this  railroad  work  for  many  months,  about 
one  thousand  men  being  employed  in  construc- 
tion, and  they  making  the  town  their  temporary 
home. 

At  the  period  the  railroad  had  Little  Dalles 
for  a  terminus  there  was  a  line  of  boats  plying 
the  Columbia  river  between  that  point  and 
Ravelstoke,  B.  C.  This  was  the  Kootenai 
Steamship  Company.  The  boats  in  commission 
were  the  Columbia,  a  passenger  boat  having  a 
capacity  of  two  hundred  people.  The  Kootenai 
was  the  first  boat  constructed.  The  IlUciUa- 
zvaet  was  a  small  freight  boat.  At  Ravelstoke 
the  boats  connected  with  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway.  After  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
road  reached  Northport  the  boats  plied  be- 
tween this  point  and  Ravelstoke.  The  steam- 
ship line  was  discontinued  when  the  road  was 
built  to  Nelson.  The  boats  herein  named  were 
the  first ;  others  were  built  later. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


139 


October  8  an  interesting  meeting  was  held 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  mining  district. 
There  was  an  attendance  of  twenty-five  people, 
and  it  was  unanimously  decided  to  organize  a 
district  with  the  following  boundary- lines :  Be- 
ginning at  the  international  boundary  line  of 
the  United  States  and  British  Columbia,  on 
Kettle  River;  thence  southerly  along  said  river 
to  a  point  west  of  the  "Young  America"  mine; 
thence  east  to  the  Metaline  District,  or  mines; 
thence  north  to  the  international  boundary  line ; 
thence  west  along  said  line  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning to  Kettle  Falls,  the  district  to  be  known 
as  the  "Northport  Mining  District."  The  rea- 
sons for  desiring  to  organize  this  particular  dis- 
trict were  that  it  would  save  miners  consider- 
able trouble,  expense  and  delay  in  recording 
their  location  and  other  notices.  W.  P.  Hughes 
was  elected  recorder  of  the  district. 

During  the  fall  of  1892  a  school  was  estab- 
lished at  Northport.  At  this  period  the  coun- 
ty's finances  were  not  in  condition  to  warrant 
much  aid  to  a  school  at  this  place.  There  were, 
however,  about  30  children  of  school  age  in 
Northport  and  vicinity,  and  a  meeting  was  held 
October  8,  at  which  Thomas  Nagle,  County 
Superintendent  of  Schools,  was  present.  He 
decided  to  form  a  district  with  the  following 
boundaries ;  commencing  on  the  Columbia 
river,  and  international  boundary  line; 
thence  along  said  line  to  a  point  at 
the  northwest  comer  of  the  Metaline  Dis- 
trict: thence  south  to  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  Metaline  District;  thence  west  to  a  point 
just  below  "Pete's,"  (or  the  Little  Dalles  on 
the  Columbia;)  thence  northerly  along  the 
Columbia  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 
Messrs.  F.  E.  Seriver,  A.  Bishop  and  W.  M. 
Blake  were  elected  trustees  and  W.  F.  Case, 
clerk.  Mr.  Nagle  informed  the  people  of 
Northport  that  the  county  could  at  this  time 
spend  only  money  to  pay  the  teachers,  and  that 
the  citizens  would  be  compelled  to  provide  a 
building  for  the  proposed  school.  The  people 
immediately  raised  $235  by  popular  subscrip- 


tion, and  erected  a  building  at  a  cost  of  $150. 
School  was  opened  Monday,  December  12,  with 
twelve  pupils.  Miss  Hogg  was  installed  as 
temporary  teacher,  and  within  a  short  time  was 
succeeded  by  Mrs.  William  Haven,  the  first 
regularly  employed  teacher  in  Northport.  At 
this  period  all  but  a  very  small  portion  of  the 
townsite  was  covered  by  a  dense  forest,  and  in 
the  shadows  of  these  woods  the  school  building 
was  erected  but  a  short  distance  from  the  "busi- 
ness part"  of  the  town.  Many  considered  it  a 
rather  unwise  plan  to  locate  the  school  so  far 
away,  but  the  logic  of  subsequent  events  proved 
that  it  was  an  eligible  location,  for  with  the 
steady  growth  of  the  town  the  residence  portion 
extended  a  mile  beyond  the  school  house. 

The  post  office  that  supplied  Northport  and 
vicinity  with  mail  during  these  pioneer  days 
possesses  quite  an  interesting  history.  This 
office  was  established  at  Little  Dalles,  some  six 
miles  below  Northport,  in  1901,  Cy  Town- 
send  was  postmaster.  When  the  railroad  was 
built  through  there  a  terminus  was  made  four 
miles  below  the  present  townsite  of  Northport. 
To  accommodate  the  people  Mr.  Townsend 
placed  the  post  office  building  on  a  flat  car  and 
removed  it  to  the  end  of  the  road.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1892,  the  road  was  pushed  on  through  to 
Northport,  which  left  the  former  terminus  "out 
in  the  cold."  Consequently  Mr.  Townsend 
again  moved  the  building  and  business  to  this 
end  of  the  line,  locating  near  the  steamer  land- 
ing. Shortly  afterward  it  was  again  removed, 
this  time  to  Columbia  avenue,  where  mail  was 
regularly  distributed  to  the  people  of  North- 
port,  although  the  post  office  was  officially  lo- 
cated at  Little  Dalles.  While  this  primitive 
post  office  was  at  the  end  of  the  railroad,  a  few 
miles  below  Northport,  the  government's 
affairs  were  conducted  in  a  manner  that  would 
have  caused  consternation  at  Washington,  ac- 
cepting some  of  the  narratives  of  the  old  tim- 
ers. Mr.  Townsend,  also,  conducted  a  saloon 
at  this  place.  When  the  mail  pouch  was  deliv- 
ered it  was  his  custom  to  open  it  in  the  saloon, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


spread  the  mail  on  the  bar,  and  invite  the  in- 
habitants to  "step  up  and  select  their  mail." 
One  day  a  post  office  inspector  dropped  into 
town,  without  immediately  revealing  his  iden- 
tity, and  witnessed  a  proceeding  of  this  kind. 
After  the  saloon  was  empty  the  inspector  made 
himself  known,  and  the  following  colloquy  is 
said  to  have  taken  place: 

"Is  this  your  customary  way  of  distributing 
mail?"  inquired  the  inspector. 

"Yes,"  replied  Mr.  Townsend,  "that's  about 
the  way  we  work  it  here." 

"Well,  don't  you  know  that  this  is  irregu- 
lar? You  should  never  open  the  pouch  in  the 
saloon." 

"I  don't  know  whether  it's  regular  or  not, 
but  I  guess  people  around  here  are  satisfied." 

"Where  do  you  keep  your  registered  let- 
ters? Under  lock  and  key?" 

"No :  I  got  them  back  here  under  the  bar, 
and  when  anybody  comes  in  who  has  a  regis- 
tered letter  I  give  it  to  him." 

"Well,  this  is  very  irregular  and  must  be 
stopped.  You  are  working  for  the  govern- 
ment, and  if  you  expect  to  hold  your  position 
you  must  conduct  affairs  differently  in  the  fu- 
ture." 

"Now,  see  here;  you  may  be  a  post  office 
inspector,  all  right,  and  be  privileged  to  come 
around  here  asking  questions  and  telling  me 
what  to  do,  but  I  want  you  to  understand  this : 
I  never  asked  for  this  position,  and  am  simply 
acting  as  postmaster  to  accommodate  the  people 
around  here.  They  are  satisfied  with  the  way  I 
run   things,  and   if  they  are  the  government 

ought  to  be.     You  can  take  your  d — d  post 

office  any  time  you  want  to,"  and  the  post  office 
which  consisted  of  a  pasteboard  shoe  box,  in 
which  were  a  few  letters,  landed  in  the  street 
in  front  of  the  saloon. 

It  is  a  matter  of  record,  however,  that  Mr. 
Townsend  continued  to  act  as  postmaster  until 
an  office  was  established  at  Northport  and  there 
was  no  material  change  in  the  manner  of  con- 
ducting the  delivery  of  the  mails. 


January  i,  1893,  ^^  office  was  established 
at  Northport,  and  W.  P.  Hughes  was  made 
postmaster. 

Although  the  beginning  of  the  year  1893 
witnessed  the  arrival  of  about  one  thousand 
railroad  workmen,  and  in  their  wake  hundreds 
of  other  people,  the  order  maintained  in  North- 
port  was  excellent.  Speaking  of  this  feature 
the  News  of  January  5,  says:  "Notwithstand- 
ing the  roar  and  rush  and  bubble  and  life  of 
Northport,  there  has  not  been  a  shooting  scrape 
nor  highway  robbery  so  far." 

Monday,  May  8,  1893,  occurred  North- 
port's  first  great  fire.  "That  date  will  ever  be 
held  in  remembrance  with  horror  by  present 
citizens  of  Northport,"  said  the  Nczi<s.  speak- 
ing of  the  disaster,  "on  account  of  the  terrible 
fire  that  fastened  its  remorseless  fangs  on  the 
best  business  buildings  of  the  town,  and  laid 
them  and  their  contents  on  the  ground,  a  huge 
mass  of  ruins." 

The  fire  broke  out  at  about  3  :30  o'clock  p. 
m.,  in  the  small  building  in  the  rear  of  William 
Eaton's  saloon.  It  was  discovered  by  Fred 
Johnson,  of  the  Silver  Crown.  He  at  once 
raised  the  alarm,  and  with  several  others  ran 
to  the  scene.  They  found  the  door  securely 
fastened,  but  proceeded  to  break  it  down.  So 
soon  as  this  was  accomplished  a  vast  cloud  of 
smoke  rolled  forth,  and  nothing  in  the  room 
was  visible.  No  water  was  at  hand,  and  conse- 
quently it  was  next  to  impossible  to  combat  the 
fiery  element.  The  small  building  was  soon 
a  mass  of  flames,  and  within  a  few  minutes 
from  the  discovery  of  the  fire,  the  ceiling  of 
the  main  building  of  Mr.  Eaton  was  in  flames. 
They  spread  to  both  sides  of  Mr.  Eaton's  build- 
ing, taking  the  Big  Bend  Company's  store,  Mrs. 
M.  Eagan's  restaurant.  Jerry  Spellman's  sa- 
loon, Cy  Townsend's  saloon  and  lodging  house 
O'Hare  &  Kellerman's  restaurant  and  meat 
market  building,  and  Col.  Pinkston's  lodging 
house.  By  extra  exertions  the  new  building -of 
John  Bum  and  two  or  three  smaller  buildings 
were  saved.     Within  two  hours  from  the  time 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  flames  were  first  discovered  nothing  could 
be  seen  but  a  smoking  mass  of  ruins.  The  fam- 
ily and  guests  of  Col.  Pinkston,  who  conducted 
a  lodging  house,  barely  had  time  to  escape  with 
their  clothes,  and  many  lost  money  and  jewelry 
which  they  had  no  time  to  secure. 

The  heaviest  losers  by  this  fire  were:  Big 
Bend  Company  (C.  D.  Hampton j  two-story 
building  and  general  merchandise,  $8,500;  in- 
surance, $7,000;  William  Eaton,  two-story 
building  and  saloon,  stock,  $2,500,  insurance, 
$2,000;  Jerry  Spellman,  one-story  building  and 
saloon,  stock,  $1,200,  no  insurance;  J.  W. 
Townsend,  two-story  building,  saloon  and 
lodging  fixtures,  $2,000,  no  insurance ;  O'Hare 
&  Kellerman,  restaurant  and  butcher  shop, 
building,  $400,  no  insurance ;  Col.  W.  M.  Pink- 
ston, furniture,  etc.,  of  Columbia  lodging 
house,  $1,000,  no  insurance;  smaller  losses  by 
a  number  of  others.  The  safe  in  Mr.  Eaton's 
contained,  among  other  things,  $1,000  in  cur- 
rency belonging  to  Mr.  Eaton,  and  about  the 
same  amount  in  currency  and  coin  belonging  to 
C.  D.  Hampton.  So  soon  as  possible  after  the 
fire  the  safe  was  pulled  out  from  the  ruins,  and 
when  opened  the  property  within  was  found 
uninjured.  The  fire,  it  is  stated,  was  of  incen- 
diary origin,  but  no  cause  was  ever  assigned  for 
it.  With  the  exception  of  the  Big  Bend  Com- 
pany's store  all  the  edifices  were  immediately 
rebuilt.      Says  the  Au'ic? : 

"In  one  way  the  fire  has  proven  a  benefit 
in  the  fact  that  it  shows  Northport  to  be  a  per- 
manent town.  Most  of  the  people  who  w^ere 
burned  out  came  here  in  December  and  Janu- 
ary, thinking  business,  on  acount  of  the  rail- 
road work  would  be  good  for  about  three 
•  months.  The  fact  of  their  rebuilding,  and  their 
evident  determination  to  remain  here  shows 
that  the  place  is  solid." 

In  June,  1893,  a  depot,  costing  about 
$2,000  was  built  by  the  Spokane  Falls  &  North- 
ern Railway  Company. 

Friday   night,    June   9,   occurred   the  first 


birth  recorded  in  Northport,  a  baby  girl  being 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  L.  Olmstead. 

Early  Thursday  morning,  August  10,  1893, 
just  three  months  and  two  days  following  the 
other  fire,  Northport  was  again  called  upon 
to  suffer  from  a  disastrous  conflagration, 
and  this  time  one  life  was  lost.  Of  this  disaster 
the  News  said : 

"About  half  past  twelve  o'clock,  Thursday 
morning,  the  people  of  Northport  were  aroused 
from  their  slumbers  by  the  cry  of  'fire' !  and 
of  course  all  responded  by  jumping  into  their 
clothes  and  hurrying  to  the  scene  to  give  what 
assistance  they  could  to  their  neighbors  and 
save  the  town  from  ruin.  The  fire  originated 
in  the  front  room  of  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  Hepp  &  Anderson  building,  known  as  the 
International  Hotel.  The  entire  building  was 
soon  in  flames,  and  as  there  was  no  practicable 
way  to  fight  them,  except  with  buckets  of 
water,  the  flames  rapidly  spread  to  surrounding 
buildings.  Seven  were  consumed,  and  then  the 
wind  fortunately  changed  to  the  south  and 
saved  the  balance  of  the  town  from  destruction. 
Those  suffering  losses  were  William  Smith,  a 
small  frame  building ;  L.  A.  Clark  &  Company, 
store,  residence  and  livery  stable ;  Hepp  &  An- 
derson, hotel  and  saloon  building;  Remble's 
butcher  shop,  Brandt's  laundry ;  James  Bailey's 
residence  and  G.  O.  Mayer's  restaurant. 
Smith's  loss  was  about  $100;  L.  A.  Clark  & 
Company's  loss  about  $3,000,  insurance  $400 
on  store  building,  $1,000  on  stock,  $200  on  the 
barn  and  $300  on  the  contents  of  the  barn; 
Hepp  &  Anderson's  loss  was  about  $4,000,  in- 
surance, $3,000;  Remble's  loss  $200,  no  insur- 
ance; Brandt's,  $300,  no  insurance;  Mayer's 
$300  in  furniture,  $70  or  $80  in  money  and 
three  watches.  James  Bailey's  loss  is  un- 
known. 

"So  soon  as  the  fire  was  over  it  was  seen 
that  a  human  being  had  burned,  and  upon 
closer  investigation  it  was  found  to  be  the 
body  of  George  Schild,  who  was  well  known 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


here  as  a  mine  owner  and  an  old  friend  of 
Charley  Hepp.  Deceased  had  recently  returned 
from  a  trip  up  Sheep  Creek,  where  he  had  be- 
come interested  in  a  promising  gold  claim,  and 
he  had  intended  to  leave  to-day  with  his  imple- 
ments for  that  mine.  The  prevailing  theory  of 
the  origin  of  the  fire  is  that  George  Schild  went 
to  his  room  about  midnight  under  the  influence 
of  liquor,  and  either  upset  the  lamp  or  per- 
mitted a  lighted  cigar  to  fall  on  his  bed.  He  oc- 
cupied the  room  where  the  fire  broke  out,  and 
his  body  now  lies  on  the  wire  mattress,  face 
downward." 

Mr.  Hughes  says  that  this  part  of  the  town 
did  not  immediately  rebuild.  There  were  a 
number  of  vacant  buildings  farther  to  the  east, 
and  those  who  were  burned  out  and  engaged  in 
business  again  moved  there  and  occupied  those 
buildings. 

Sunday,  June  3,  1894,  Northport  and  vicin- 
ity were  visited  by  the  most  severe  wind  and 
rain  storm  that  ever  afflicted  the  county.  The 
day  had  been  exceedingly  sultry,  and  about 
noon  dark  clouds  began  to  fleck  the  brassy  sky. 
This  phenomena  was  soon  followed  by  thunder 
and  lightning.  Soon  afterward  citizens  look- 
ing down  the  river  saw  terrific,  frowning,  black 
clouds,  while  volumes  of  dust  arose  from 
mountain  sides,  and  soon  the  falling  of  crash- 
ing timber  and  the  dull  roar  of  wind  was  heard. 
Within  a  short  period  the  storm  reached  North- 
port,  and  then  trees  and  signs  were  scattered 
by  the  violence  of  the  wind.  It  continued  to 
blow  thus  fiercely  but  a  few  moments,  but  its 
subsidence  was  followed  by  a  deluge  of  rain 
which  continued,  increasing  in  violence  at  in- 
tervals, for  three  hours.  There  were  many 
narrow  escapes  from  death  by  falling  trees,  but 
fortunately  no  one  was  injured.  Following 
this  war  of- the  elements  came  the  high  water 
of  the  Columbia  which  did  much  more  damage 
than  the  storm.  The  railroad  track  from  Mar- 
cus to  Waneta  was  covered  by  water,  trees  and 
debris,  the  damage  from  which  cost  several 
hundred  thousand  dollars  to  repair.     In  time 


the  water  subsided,  and  on  June  14,  in  review- 
ing the  flood  the  News  said  : 

"The  worst  scare  that  Northport  ever  had 
is  now  over,  and  we  are  breathing  easier.  The 
highest  flood  known  in  this  section  for  seventy- 
five  years  has  pas.sed,  and  Northport,  except  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  mill,  stood  high  and  dry 
during  the  terrible  ordeal.  The  flood  reached 
a  portion  of  our  lowest  (business)  flat,  and 
the  water  came  within  a  foot  of  the  top  of  the 
floor  of  the  Northport  Trading  Company's 
store,  the  News  office,  the  Peerless  Saloon,  \Y. 
M.  Blake's  news  stand,  Olmstead's  drug  store, 
and  the  custom  house.  The  other  business 
houses  on  Columbia  avenue,  were  from  one  to 
three  feet  higher.  No  one  ever  before  thought 
there  was  such  a  difference,  as  the  flat  has  the 
appearance  of  being  the  same  height  from  one 
end  of  the  street  to  the  other.  W^ater  was 
never  thought  of  in  the  matter,  anyhow,  as  it 
never  before  rose  so  high  in  the  memory  of  the 
oldest  inhabitant  who  happens  to  be  Indian  , 
Isaac,  who  lives  on  the  reservation  opposite 
and  a  little  below  Northport.  Isaac  says  he 
came  here  when  a  little  boy,  and  he  is  now 
about  eighty  years  old.  The  highest  water 
was  twenty  years  ago,  and  it  was  almost  as 
high  as  this  year.  *Savy,'  who  was  here  at  the 
same  time,  thinks  it  was  two  or  three  feet 
lower. 

"One  good  proof  that  the  flood  was  higher 
than  ever  before  is  the  fact  that  Marcus  Op- 
penheimer's  store  in  old  Marcus,  was  built  by 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  1869.  and  has 
stood  undisturbed  by  high  water  ever  since. 
This  year  the  water  was  a  few  inches  on  the 
floor.  Under  the  circumstances  we  think  it 
will  be  safe  to  build  sky  scrapers  on  the  North- 
port  business  bench. 

"The  highest  point  reached  by  the  water 
was  at  about  7  o'clock,  on  Saturday  evening, 
June  9,  when  it  was  probably  about  seventy-five 
feet  above  low  water  mark.  Sunday  morning 
it  was  seen  that  the  water  had  receded  about 
two  inches.    It  then  began  to  fall  a  little  faster. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


H3 


and  as  the  weather  has  continued  cool  it  would 
be  next  to  impossible  to  raise  again.  Back  of 
Columbia  avenue,  but  on  the  same  bench,  the 
restaurant  portion  of  the  Silver  Crown,  and 
Mrs.  Case's  residence  were  flooded  to  such  an 
extent  that  they  were  vacated  for  a  few  days. 
With  these  exceptions,  and  the  mill  portion, 
every  building  was  from  twenty  to  forty  feet 
above  the  water.  The  heaviest  losers  in  the 
vicinity  are  W.  R.  Lee,  barn,  a  few  thousand 
feet  of  lumber  and  damage  to  buildings  and 
machinery;  John  Tyman,  house,  chicken  coop, 
etc. ;  William  Katchum,  house  containing  pow- 
der, etc. ;  W.  O.  Johnson,  house ;  R.  M.  Stod- 
dard, damage  to  house;  A.  Presslar,  house;  T. 
J.  Hamilton,  house;  A.  Bishop,  damage  to 
house,  barn,  crops,  etc. ;  Jack  Reynolds,  dam- 
age to  crops;  Fred  Scriver,  same;  Moser 
Brothers,  two-story  house,  chicken  coop,  crops 
and  everything  except  their  chickens,  land  and 
camping  outfit.  Dr.  Frank  Miller  and  Michael 
Jegke,  damage  to  fences  and  crops.  There  were 
no  other  losses  worth  mentioning." 

July  I,  1895,  the  county  commissioners 
were  called  upon  to  grant  a  petition  from  the 
citizens  of  Northport  for  incorporation.  This 
petition  was  rejected  for  the  reasons  that  the 
proposed  boundaries  were  not  sufficiently  and 
clearly  defined,  and  that  the  consent  of  the 
parties  owning  unplatted  lands  were  not  filed 
with  the  board. 

Thus,  until  1898  the  town  of  Northport 
drifted  along  unincorporated.  June  3  another 
petition  for  incorporation  was  presented  to 
the  commissioners  asking  that  Northport  be 
made  a  city  of  the  third  class.  The  petition 
further  set  forth  that  there  were  within  the  de- 
sired limits  fifteen  hundred  inhabitants.  A 
special  election  was  ordered  for  June  23.  On 
the  27th  inst.,  the  county  commissioners  can- 
vassed the  result  of  this  election,  finding  228 
votes  in  favor,  and  five  against,  incorporation. 
The  city  was  declared  incorporated  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  smelter  .site.  The  following  city 
officials  were  also  declared  elected :  William  P. 


Hughes,  mayor;  A.  T.  Kendrick,  A.  K.  Ogil- 
vie,  J.  W.  Townsend,  J.  Frank  Harris,  J.  J. 
Travis,  A.  Almstrom,  T.  L.  Salvage,  coun- 
cilmen;  J.  A.  Kellogg,  city  attorney;  D.  S. 
Hammond,  city  clerk ;  F.  G.  Slocum,  treasurer ; 
J.  J.  Travis,  health  officer. 

With  the  opening  of  the  north  half  of  the 
Colville  Indian  Reservation  to  mineral  entry, 
in  February,  1896,  Northport  began  to  as- 
sume an  air  of  general  prosperity.  Miners  and 
prospectors  poured  into  the  town.  Placer  and 
quartz  mines  were  located  across  the  river,  and 
only  a  short  distance  from  the  young  city. 
Within  one  week  several  hundred  claims  were 
located.  March  18,  1896,  Northport  suffered 
from  the  third  disastrous  conflagration.  The 
News  said : 

The  fire  fiend  has  again  visited  us,  and  many  of 
our  worthy  citizens  have  met  with  heavy  losses.  About 
7:30  o'clock  last  night  as  some  one  opened  the  door 
leading  upstairs  in  S.  F.  Bradbury's  restaurant,  oppo- 
site the  depot,  flames  were  seen  slowly  licking  down  the 
stairway.  Those  who  were  at  the  tables  jumped  up,  and 
seeing  they  could  do  nothing  in  the  building,  ran  out  on 
the  street  and  gave  the  alarm.  Strange  to  relate,  at 
this  early  period  the  whole  roof  and  upstairs  were  in 
flames.  The  entire  populace  turned  out  and  each  did 
his  best  to  subdue  the  flames,  but  with  no  water  system, 
and  the  only  water  to  be  had  from  barrels  and  some 
adjacent  wells,  small  headway  could  be  made.  A  gentle 
northerly  breeze  was  blowing,  which  caused  the  principal 
fight  to  be  made  on  the  north  side. 

The  Bradbury  building  was  soon  a  mass  of  fire. 
Next  Cy  Townsend's  two-story  building,  on  the  north, 
and  A.  E.  Allraan's  Club  saloon  on  the  south  (being 
the  corner  building),  were  on  fire.  Then  several  small 
buildings  in  the  rear  were  rapidly  consumed.  By  a 
determined  fight  with  wet  blankets  and  buckets  of  water 
the  large  music  hall  building  across  Fifth  street,  belong- 
ing to  Charles  Litchfield,  and  occupied  by  A.  Tabor  Si 
Company,  as  a  music  hall,  and  I.  H.  Stevens  as  a 
restaurant,  was  almost  miraculously  saved.  From  Cy 
Townsend's  the  flames  crawled  to  R.  G.  Field's  grocery 
store,  thence  to  Mr.  Halbeis'  harness  shop ;  next  to  the 
Crandall  Brothers'  general  merchandise  store;  and 
thence  to  T.  R.  O'Connor's  saloon,  where  the  flames 
were  stayed  after  entirely  gutting  the  building.  This 
was  adjoining  Mrs.  Eagan's  Gem  restaurant.  The  fire 
originated  from  a  defective  flue  in  Mr.  Bradbury's 
kitchen.  It  was  merely  a  stove-pipe  from  the  range, 
going  through  the  roof,  with  nothing  but  a  tin  to  protect 
it  from  the  boards.     The  principal  losers  are: 

A.    E.    Allman,    Club    saloon    building,    which    was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


newly  papered  and  painted,  ready  for  business,  $1,200; 
S.  F.  Bradbury,  building  and  contents,  $2,000 ;  Cy  Town- 
send,  two-story  building,  three  smaller  buildings,  saloon 
fixtures,  furniture  and  stock,  $3,000;  R.  G.  Fields, 
grocery  stock,  building,  etc.,  $1,000;  William  Halbeis, 
only  $200,  as  he  saved  almost  everything ;  Crandall 
Brothers,  stock,  $1,500;  T.  R.  O'Connor,  saloon  build- 
ing, fixtures,  etc.,  $300;  M.  R.  Golusha,  three  buildings, 
$1,000;  Tom  Miller,  residence  and  personal  effects,  $200; 
Robert  Meyerhoff,  blacksmith  shop,  $100;  Mrs.  M. 
Eagan,  damage,  200;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Moyle,  damage,  $100; 
Tabor  &  Company,  damage,  $25.  There  was  no  in- 
surance   on    any    of    the    property    destroyed. 

During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1S96  ma- 
terial conditions  in  Northport  presented  a  most 
flattering  outlook.  From  March,  of  this  year, 
until  August,  forty-five  new  residences  were 
erected,  and  fifteen  business  houses  were  built 
to  supply  the  constantly  increasing  demand. 
In  addition  to  these  structures  fifteen  tents  were 
in  commission  during  the  month  of  August. 
Following  were  the  business  enterprises  in 
Northport  in  August,  1896,  twenty  of  which 
had  been  established  during  the  preceding  five 
months :  General  merchandise  stores,  3 ;  groc- 
eries, 3 ;  commission  house,  i ;  saw  mills,  2 ; 
shoe  shops,  2 ;  planing  mill,  i ;  harness  shops, 
2 ;  tin  shops,  i  ;  hotels,  3 ;  lodging  houses,  7 ; 
saloons,  1 1 ;  meat  markets,  2 ;  blacksmith  shops, 
2 ;  livery  stables,  2 ;  barber  shops,  2 ;  bath 
houses,  i;  bakeries,  2;  dance  hall,  i;  photo- 
graph gallery,  i ;  printing  office,  i  ;  drug  store, 
I ;  jewelry  store,  i ;  restaurants,  5 ;  fruit,  con- 
fectionery, etc.,  3;  news  stand,  i;  laundrys,  2; 
lime  works,  i ;  brick  yard,  i ;  ferry,  i. 

The  year  1897  was  marked  by  a  vigorous 
growth  numerically,  and  healthy  business  con- 
ditions. It  had  been  definitely  settled  during 
the  summer  of  that  year  that  the  prospective 
smelter  was  to  be  located  at  Northport  and  this, 
naturally,  aided  materially  in  furthering  the 
interests  of  all  local  enterprises.  In  the  fall 
work  on  the  smelter  was  begiin.  Several  hun- 
dred men  were  employed  in  its  construction. 
At  the  same  time  the  big  bridge  across  the 
Columbia  river,  for  the  Nelson  and  Fort  Shep- 
ard  road,  was  constructed,  giving  employment 


to  one  hundred  more  people  for  several  months. 
This  structure  was  begiui  January  25,  1897, 
and  was  not  completed  owing  to  the  high 
water  in  May,  until  October.  This  bridge  is  an 
immense  fabric,  having  1,200  feet  of  spans, 
three  of  which  are  250  feet  in  length,  each,  with 
three  others  of  150  feet  to  the  span.  The 
"trestle  approaches  are  500  feet  in  length,  mak- 
ing an  aggregate  of  1,700  feet  in  length,  be- 
sides the  heavy  dirt  fill  at  the  east  approach, 
several  hundred  feet  in  length.  The  rail  is 
sixty-nine  feet  above  low  water  gauge.  The 
highest  pier  is  eighty  feet.  The  piers  are  of 
concrete  cased  in  heavy  boiler  iron.  Tuesday, 
October  12,  1897,  the  first  passenger  train 
passed  over  the  bridge.  Previous  to  the  com- 
pletion of  this  bridge  trains  were  conveyed 
across  the  river  by  a  railroad  ferry. 

The  controversy  over  the  location  of  the 
smelter  was  of  three  years'  duration  and  hotly 
contested.  The  company  owning  the  Le  Roi 
mines  and  who  erected  the  smelter,  were  Eng- 
lishmen, and  Canadians  were  very  anxious  to 
have  the  plant  located  on  Canadian  soil.  Ow- 
ing to  the  immense  supply  of  lime  rock  at 
Northport,  the  better  transportation  facilities, 
on  account  of  grades,  etc.,  Northport  was 
selected  as  the  site  for  the  smelter,  the  company 
estimating  that  the  plant  could  be  operated 
here  at  an  expense  of  many  thousands  of  dol- 
lars yearly  less  than  on  Canadian  soil. 

It  appears  that  the  smelter  property  tempor- 
arily, at  least  passed  into  the  hands  of  Ameri- 
cans. In  the  winter  of  1897-8  the  North- 
port  smelter  was  completed  and  operations  be- 
gun. It  was  built  by  American  capitalists  who 
owned,  also  the  Le  Roi  mines  at  Rossland. 
The  cost  of  the  smelter  is  said  to  have  been 
about  $250,000.  It  opened  out  with  a  force 
of  about  200  workmen,  but  this  number  was 
gradually  increased  until  between  500  and  600 
men  found  steady  employment.  This  number 
is  now  employed  when  the  smelter  is  running 
on  full  time,  which  is  the  usual  condition.  In 
1899   the   Le   Roi    mines   and    the    Northport 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


145 


smelter  were  disposed  of  to  an  English  com- 
pany, and  the  enterprise  at  Northport  became 
known  as  the  Northport  Refining  &  Smelting 
Company.  The  entire  product  of  the  Le  Roi 
group  of  mines,  the  Kootenai  and  the  Velvet 
mines,  are  smelted  at  this  point,  and  it  also  does 
considerable  custom  smelting  for  other  mines. 
During  the  first  few  years  of  its  existence 
Northport  suffered  severely  from  three  disas- 
trous fires.  But  the  fourth  and  heaviest  of 
them  all  was  yet  to  come.  Early  Monday  morn- 
ing, May  3,  1898,  almost  the  entire  business 
portion  of  the  town  went  up  in  smoke.  Busi- 
ness houses  in  three  blocks  were  entirely  de- 
stroyed, entailing  a  loss  of  about  $100,000. 
Following  is  the  Ne^vs'  story  of  this  confla- 
gration : 

At  4:20  o'clock,  Monday  morning  four  shots  rang 
out  on  the  air  to  arouse  the  town  from  its  slumbers,  and 
call  them  forth  to  battle  for  the  protection  of  their 
property,  their  hard  earned  savings  and  their  homes. 
Apparently  the  alarm  was  not  well  understood,  for  the 
people  were  somewhat  slow  in  responding  to  the  call. 
The  fire  was  first  discovered  breaking  through  the  roof 
of  Madden  &  Riley's  new  building  at  the  rear  of  their 
saloon,  the  fire  apparently  coming  from  the  south  roof 
over  the  barber  shop  occupied  by  Robert  E.  Stout.  Many 
rumors  were  rife  regarding  the  origin  of  the  fire,  some 
saying  that  it  first  broke  out  in  the  tailor  shop  occupied 
by  Hattran ;  others  that  it  started  in  the  blacksmith  shop, 
while  a  few  were  of  the  opinion  that  it  had  originated 
between  the  barber  and  tailor  shops.  We  have  made 
careful  inquiry,  and  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  it 
originated  in  R,  E.  Stout's  barber  shop.  It  seems  that 
Mr.  Stout  has  an  assistant  who  sleeps  in  the  shop,  and 
on  this  night  in  question  he  did  not  retire  until  after 
two  o'clock,  and  then  in  an  inebriated  condition. 
Whether  he  left  a  lamp  burning,  which  exploded,  or 
whether  a  smouldering  cigar  stub  was  so  thrown  that 
it  ignited  combustible  matter,  or  just  how  it  started  may 
never  be  known,  but  it  is  certain  that  the  fire  broke  out 
in  the  barber  shop  in  question. 

Help  came  so  slowly,  and  without  organization  when 
it  did  arrive,  that  the  fire  secured  a  start  that  soon  made 
it  clear  that  the  building  could  not  be  saved.  A  de- 
termined fight  was  made  to  keep  it  from  spreading  either 
way.  The  blacksmith  shop  to  the  south  was  partially 
torn  down,  but  the  flames  rushed  past  there  and  caught 
the  building  across  the  alley  owned  by  William  P. 
Hughes,  and  occupied  by  Mr.  Dahl  Strom  with  a  stock 
of  goods.  The  fire  also  escaped  from  the  workers  to 
the  north,  and  caught  into  the  Madden  &  Riley  saloon 
building  on  the  corner.     Dynamite   was   freely  used   to 


blow  up  buildings  in  the  path  of  the  roaring  flames, 
but  with  little  avail,  and  in  some  instances  this  heroic 
treatment  served  to  hasten  the  onward  march  of  the 
flames.  When  the  fire  started  there  was  but  little  wind, 
and  that  was  blowing  to  the  east  and  away  from  Fourth 
street.  But  little  fear  was  felt  that  the  fire  would  cross 
the  street  to  the  west,  but  when  the  flames  reached  the 
Alberta  house  the  wind  suddenly  changed,  blowing  to 
the  west.  Soon  the  fire  caught  the  large  Broderius  build- 
ing, when  all  hope  was  abandoned  and  the  whole  town 
surrendered  to  satiate  the  appetite  of  the  fiery  monster. 
Teams  were  in  great  demand  to  haul  goods  and  per- 
sonal effects.  Everyone  worked  as  though  his  life  de- 
pended upon  saving  the  goods  and  personal  belongings 
of  the  sufferers.  In  the  main  the  larger  proportion  of  the 
stocks  of  goods  and  personal  effects  were  saved,  al- 
though it  would  take  several  thousand  dollars  to  replace 
those  sacrificed  to  the  flames. 

As  is  usual  at  fires  a  great  many  took  more  liquid  re- 
freshments than  decency  and  good  manners  would 
countenance,  and  there  was  considerable  complaint  of 
stolen  property.  We  could  not  think  of  favorably  men- 
tioning those  who  worked  and  fought  valiantly  to  save 
property  and  to  feed  those  who  were  working,  for  space 
will  not  permit.  The  fire  was  awful.  It  swept  away  the 
whole  business  portion  of  the  town  except  the  brick 
building  of  A.  T.  Kendrick  &  Co.,  located  in  the  center 
of  the  burned  district  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  and 
Columbia  avenue.  There  was  no  loss  of  life  so  far  as 
can  be  ascertained.  The  losers  by  the  fire,  their  losses 
and  the  insurance  are  about  as  follows : 

Thomas  L.  Savage,  building,  $1,900,  stock  of  goods, 
$15,000,  loss  of  goods,  $2,500,  insurance,  $6,000.  Charles 
Weaver,  house,  livery  stable  and  effects,  $500,  no  in- 
surance. F.  Gribi,  restaurant,  $250,  no  insurance.  C.  C. 
Anderson,  building  and  effects,  $350,  no  insurance. 
Bartlett  &  Trullinger,  cigars  and  store,  $450,  insurance, 
$250.  Mrs.  Wallace,  lodging,  $400,  no  insurance. 
George  Thomas,  Peerless  building,  $3,000,  no  insurance. 
Perdue  &  Thomas,  building,  meats  and  lard,  $900,  no 
Otis  Arnold,  building  and  goods,  $1,200,  no 
Mrs.  Vance,  merchandise.  $100,  no  insurance. 
Amanda  Swanson,  restaurant  and  building,  $350,  no  in- 
surance, Laura  D.  Blake,  building,  $250,  no  insurance. 
Hugo  Moser,  saloon  and  outfit,  $300,  no  insurance. 
P.  J.  Lyons,  building  and  stock,  $750,  no  insurance. 
Harris  &  Haven,  meat  market  and  stock,  $2,400,  no 
insurance.  A.  H.  Dawson,  merchandise,  $750,  insurance, 
$250.  Charles  Trullinger,  jewelry,  insured  to  cover  loss. 
Pat  Devine,  saloon,  $450,  no  insurance.  Macy  Brothers, 
building  and  restaurant,  $750,  no  insurance.  Floyd 
Smith,  barber  shop  and  bath  room,  $150,  no  insurance. 
Madden  &  Riley,  two  buildings,  $2,000.  no  insurance. 
Hattran,  tailor,  loss  nominal.  Ferguson  &  Company, 
saloon  stock,  $100,  no  insurance.  Billy  Moore,  bowling 
alley,  $250,  no  insurance.  Northport  State  Bank,  saved 
all  effects.  Mrs.  Newland,  lodging,  $100,  no  insurance. 
R.  G.  Field,  building  and  groceries,  $800,  no  insurance. 
William   Halbeis,   harness   shop   and   building.  $800,   no 


[46 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


insurance.  S.  Sline,  saloon  building  and  stock,  $2,500, 
insurance,  $600.  A.  S.  Sanderlin,  barber,  loss  nominal. 
Cy  Townsend,  building,  $1,200,  no  insurance.  Parker  & 
Brown,  building  and  stock,  $2,000,  no  insurance.  M.  R. 
Galusha,  three  buildings,  no  insurance.  John  A.  Finch, 
two  buildings,  $1,400,  insurance  $500.  A  King,  build- 
ing. $200,  no  insurance.  Robert  Remble,  two  houses, 
$400.  no  insurance.  Neil  McGinnis,  Wigwam  saloon, 
stock  and  fixtures,  $900.  Mrs.  Eagan,  hotel  building. 
$1,500,  insurance,  $700.  O'Connor  &  Cunningham, 
building,  $900.  no  insurance.  Thomas  A.  Parrot,  two 
buildings,  $500,  no  insurance.  William  Sluthour,  build- 
ing and  all  effects,  $600,  no  insurance.  Jennie  Crow, 
house  and  furniture,  $500.  E.  Black,  stock  of  goods, 
$1,600,  insurance,  $900.  Deyarden  &  Cameron,  black- 
smiths. $200.  Adel  Bishop,  livery  barn,  $300.  Mrs. 
Jean  Harris,  lodging  house,  $800.  Almstrom  Brothers, 
three  buildings,  barn,  ice  house,  saloon  stock,  lodging 
house,  $5,000,  insurance,  $750.  Columbia  Hardware 
Company,  stock  and  buildings,  $1,560.  S.  F.  Davis, 
building  and  stock,  $1,400,  insurance  $500.  Albert 
Loiselle,  Alberta  House,  $3,000,  insurance,  $600.  Henry 
Hicks,  tinner,  $200.  Theresa  Klepsch,  two  buildings, 
$1,100.  Charbenneau  &  Brassard,  injury  to  stock.  $250. 
A.  K.  Ogilvie,  three  buildings,  $1,000,  insurance.  $250. 
A.  A.  Batterson,  improvements,  $75.  A.  W.  Calder, 
dentist,  loss  of  instruments,  $100.  W.  L.  Webb,  loss 
on  second  hand  goods,  $100.  Miss  Stark,  lodging,  $150. 
Mrs.  Ahlman,  restaurant,  $100.  Dr.  G.  G.  Travis,  five 
cottages  and  partial  loss  on  stock  of  drugs,  $2,000. 
T.  R.  Welch,  building  and  loss  on  drugs,  $1,500,  insured. 
Dr.  Armstrong,  furniture,  instruments  and  books,  $1,000. 
John  and  Henry  Broderius,  building,  $1,500.  Joseph 
Warsnict.  buildings,  $300.  J.  C.  Harkness,  $450.  Will- 
iam P.  Hughes,  four  buildings,  $4,500,  insurance  $700. 
Miss  Waters  and  Mrs.  Honey,  millinery,  $75. 

Following  this  appalling  disaster,  such  was 
the  enterprise  and  energy  of  the  citizens  of 
Northport,  that  nearly  all  of  the  business 
houses  at  once  opened  up.  some  in  private 
houses,  and  some  in  tents.  In  a  more  limited 
sphere  the  indomitable  spirit  exhibited  after  the 
great  Chicago  fire  was  exhibited  in  Northport. 
The  city  was  prosperous  at  the  time,  and  the 
people  quickly  rallied  and  set  to  work  to  re- 
build the  town.  The  reason  that  there  was  so 
little  insurance  carried  is  that  the  town  was  a 
veritable  fire-trap  and  insurance  rates  were  held 
at  ten  per  cent. 

In  1900  the  office  of  the  United  States  Im- 
migrant Inspector  was  located  at  Northport, 
with  Major  S.  C.  Walker  as  inspector.  He 
was  succeeded  by  C.  E.  Dooley,  who  at  present 


holds  the  position.  This  office  concerns  itself 
with  all  immigrants  coming  to  the  United 
States  at  this  point,  and  more  especially  China- 
men, many  of  whom  have  been  ordered  de- 
ported to  China  from  this  port  by  the  United 
States  Commissioner,  W.  P.  Hughes.  Con- 
nected with  this  office  is  an  inspection  commit- 
tee consisting  of  J.  E.  Daniels,  W.  H.  Hutchin- 
son and  A.  J.  Ferrandini. 

The  year  1901  was  accentuated  in  North- 
port  by  a  strike  in  the  smelter.  It  soon  devel- 
oped into  one  of  the  memorable  strikes  of  the 
country,  and  continued  in  force  and  varying 
intensity  for  nine  months.  The  underlying 
cause  of  this  trouble  was  simply  the  customary 
objection  of  the  smelter  company  to  the  forma- 
tion of  a  union  among  the  workmen.  The  lat- 
ter, however,  insisted  on  the  organization,  and 
accordingly  the  Northport  Mill  and  Smelter- 
men's  Union  was  formed.  Although  not  of- 
ficially announced,  it  had  been  freely  given  out 
by  the  smelter  company  that  a  connection  with 
the  union  would  be  considered  equivalent  to  an 
invitation  for  a  discharge  from  the  company's 
service.  Despite  this  announcement  a  large 
majority  of  the  company's  employes  associated 
themselves  with  the  union.  When  the  com- 
pany's officials  came  to  survey  the  field  it  was 
discovered  that  a  wholesale  discharge  of  all 
the  men  affiliated  with  the  new  union  would 
seriously  cripple  their  business.  So  matters 
were,  for  a  period,  permitted  to  remain  in 
statu  quo,  and  the  smelter  work  continued  to 
be  carried  on  alongside  the  Mill  and  Smelter- 
men's  Union.  Still,  there  was  constant  fric- 
tion. On  one  side  were  arrayed  hearty  oppo- 
nents of  all  forms  of  unionism;  on  the  other 
a  body  of  determined  men  led  by  a  few  agita- 
tors with  whom  nearly  every  industrial  center 
in  the  United  States  is  familiar.  The  press  of 
the  county,  too,  was  divided,  and  each  side  to 
the  controversy  had  its  journalistic  organ  car- 
rying weekly  inflammator\-  articles  into  the  two 
opposing  camps. 

Then  it  was  that  the  members  of  the  Mill 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


147 


and  Smeltermen's  Union  discovered  that  their 
ranks  in  the  smeUer  were  being  gradually,  but 
surely  decimated  by  periodical,  yet  significant, 
discharges  of  men,  and  the  substitution  in  their 
places  of  non-union  workmen.  They  at  once 
grasped  the  situation,  and  contrived  to  check- 
mate this  move,  for  a  period,  at  least,  by  union- 
izing the  new  recruits  from  the  far  east.  As 
fast  as  men  could  be  imported  they  were  in- 
duced to  cast  their  lot  with  the  Mill  and  Smel- 
termen's Union.  As  stated  by  the  Stevens 
County  Reveille,  "It  soon  became  a  question  as 
to  who  could  master  the  situation  the  quickest, 
each  playing  at  his  own  game." 

In  July  the  smelter  company  made  a  whole- 
sale discharge  of  carpenters  and  the  strike  en- 
sued. Following  this  demonstration  the  smel- 
ter company  immediately  became  active  in  se- 
curing skilled  labor  from  the  mills  and  fur- 
naces of  the  east.  In  this  connection  it  should 
not  be  overlooked  that  the  local  authorities, 
well  aware  of  conditions  prevailing  at  North- 
port,  regarding  labor  troubles,  refused  to  inter- 
fere in  behalf  of  either  the  smelter  company  or 
the  union.  Accordingly  the  company,  which 
was  an  English  organization,  transferred  its 
property  to  a  corporation  organized  in  the  state 
of  Idaho,  ostensibly  for  the  purpose  of  seek- 
ing protection  from  the  United  States  courts. 
Necessary  affidavits  were  procured  in  support 
of  a  petition  for  relief  in  the  federal  courts. 
The  result  was  an  injunction  issued  against 
those  who  were  presumed  to  be  the  most  active 
in  opposition  to  the  interests  of  the  smelter  com- 
pany. The  order  was  issued  by  Judge  Haii- 
ford,  restraining  the  Mill  and  Smeltermen's 
Union  at  Northport  from  interfering  with  the 
management  of  the  smelter,  or  their  employes. 
Following  is  the  text  of  the  injunction  : 

111  the  meantime  and  until  further  order  of  the 
court  herein,  said  defendants,  and  each  of  them,  their 
aiders,  attorneys,  officers,  agents,  servants,  and  em- 
ployes, be,  and  they  are  severally  restrained  and  en- 
joined from  in  any  manner  interferring  with  the  com- 
plainant herein  in  and  upon  and  about  its  said  smelting 
plant,  or  in  any  part  thereof,  and  from  in  any  manner. 


by  force  or  threats  or  otherwise,  making  any  attempt  or 
attempts,  openly  or  covertly,  to  intimidate  any  employe 
of  complainant  herein,  or  from  attempting  to  prevent  in 
any  manner  any  employe  of  said  complainant  and  North- 
port  Smelting  &  Refining  Company,  Ltd.,  from  proceed- 
ing to  work  for  said  complainant  in  a  peaceful,  quiet 
and  lawful  manner,  in  and  upon  any  part  of  aforesaid 
smelting  plant,  or  upon  any  works  of  complainant  there- 
in or  thereabouts,  or  at  all,  and  that  they,  the  said 
parties  aforesaid,  be,  and  they  are  hereby  further  en- 
joined from  sending  any  agents  or  any  persons  whatever 
to  any  of  the  employes  of  complainant  herein,  and  from 
intimidating  and  threatening,  enticing  or  persuading,  or 
in  any  manner  trying  to  prevent  any  employe  of  com- 
plainant herein,  from  working  in  or  about  aforesaid 
smelting  plant  and  property,  or  any  other  property  of 
complainant,  or  from  preventing  in  a:iy  manner  any  one 
from  entering  the  service  of  complainant  herein,  or  in 
any  manner  interfering  with  the  business  of  said  com- 
plainant in  employing  persons  to  work  upon  and  about 
its  property,  or  from  going  upon  any  part  of  com- 
plainant's property  without  permission  from  com- 
plainant, or  its  agents,  or  employes  so  to  do,  or  in  any 
manner  entering  the  works  of  complainant  without  its 
consent  or  consent  of  its  manager,  agents  or  employes. 

To  this  injunction  there  was  filed  an  answer 
by  the  Northport  Mill  and  Smeltermen's 
Union.  It  was  drawn  by  its  attorneys,  Robert- 
son, Miller  &  Rosenhaupt.  The  answer  in  part 
was  as  follows : 

That  the  Northport  Smelting  &  Refining  Company 
claims  to  be  capitalized  in  the  sum  of  $1,000,000,  which 
is  divided  up  into  1,000,000  shares  of  stock,  at  the 
par  value  of  $1  per  share;  that  a  majority  of  the  stock 
is  owned  by  aliens  who  are  citizens  and  residents  of 
England  and  British  Columbia,  which  places  are  foreign 
territories  over  which  the  state  of  Washington,  nor  the 
United  States,  have  any  control,  and  the  persons  and 
stockholders  are  subjects  of  his  Majesty,  King  Edward 
VII,  who  is  now  the  reigning  king  of  the  country. 

That  the  holding  of  lands  by  aliens  is  contrary  to 
the  constitution  of  Washington,  and  that  the  parties  are 
by  a  few  American  abettors  endeavoring  to  set  the  laws 
of  Washington  at  naught  and  to  do  indirectly  what  they 
could  not  do  directly  in  their  attempt  to  hold  lands  in 
said  state.  The  defendants  admit  that  the  Northport 
Mining  &  Smeltermen's  Union  is  a  branch  of  t;he 
Western  Federation  of  Miners,  and  also  they  admit 
that  they  and  each  of  them  who  have  joined  in  this 
answer  are  members  thereof. 

And  as  the  complainant,  comes  into  court  with  un- 
clean hands  in  this  and  other  respects ;  that  one  of  its 
officers,  Bela  Kadish,  a  superintendent,  called  one  of  the 
members  and  officers  of  the  union  into  his  office,  and 
sought  by  unlawful  use  of  money  to  corrupt  and  bribe 
said   member,   and   officer,   for  the  purpose  of   securing 


148 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


his  services  and  the  services  of  other  members,  for  the 
sum  of  $^000,  to  disintegrate  and  disorganize  the  union, 
and  not  succeeding  in  this  purpose  the  management  of 
the  smelter  closed  one  furnace  after  another  until  all 
of  the  employes,  or  nearly  all,  were  locked  out,  and  these 
defendants  did  not  engage  in  any  strike  or  any  other  act 
to   prevent   complainant   from  operating   its   works. 

That  the  union  and  the  members  thereof  only  claim 
the  right  to  whomsoever  is  willing  to  hear  them  and  tell 
the  exact  facts  concerning  the  action  of  complainant 
toward  them,  and  to  persuade  any  and  all  persons  by 
peaceable  means  that  they  are  not  in  the  wrong,  qnd  that 
the  complainant  locked  them  out  after  years  of  accept- 
able and  faithful  service,  through  either  malice,  whim 
or  caprice,  and  that  it  is  likely  to  do  the  same  to  un- 
suspecting persons  taking  the  places  which  the  defend- 
ants formerly  occupied.  Defendants  do  not  claim  the 
right  to  trespass  upon  the  premises  of  the  complain- 
ant or  to  intimidate  the  employes  thereof.  Defendants 
inform  the  court  that  they  do  not  know,  nor  have  they 
ever  believed  since  they  were  locked  out,  that  the  com- 
plainant could  get  experienced  men  to  fill  their  places, 
and  that  they  have  been  desirous  of  not  creating  any 
cause  for  ill-feeling  or  friction  between  the  manage- 
ment of  the  plant  and  the  members  of  the  union,  and  for 
the  accomplishment  of  this  purpose  and  end,  as  well  as 
to  conforni  to  law  and  order,  they  have  counseled  all 
of  their  members  to  be  peaceable  and  law-abiding,  and 
this  they  expect  to  continue  to  do. 

It  must  be  frankly  granted  that  the  course 
of  the  smelter  strike,  on  the  part  of  the  work- 
men, was  almost  above  reproach  so  far  as  re- 
gards riots  and  disorderly  conduct.  At  times 
conditions  were  gloomy  and  the  fringe  of  riot 
was  reached,  but  the  record  shows  that  at  no 
time  were  the  slumbering  embers  of  riot  fanned 
into  the  flames  of  lawlessness  and  crime.  The 
first  approach  to  such  a  deplorable  condition 
occurred  Septemljer  2.  It  appears  that  in  the 
afternoon  (jf  that  day  sixty-two  men  were 
brought  in  from  the  east  by  one  Oliver  Lamb 
to  fill  places  in  the  smelter  deserted  by  strikers. 
At  the  depot  they  were  accosted  by  a  number 
of  union  men  who  endeavored  to  persuade  them 
to  refrain  from  work,  and  the  union  men  were 
successful  to  the  extent  of  sidetracking  thirty- 
five  of  the  new  arrivals.  While  marching  from 
the  depot  to  the  smelter  one  of  the  union  men 
was  accidentally  hit  by  a  gun  in  the  hands  of 
Deputy  United  States  Marshal  Guyton.  In- 
stead of  proceeding  to  personal  retailiatinn  the 


union  men  sought  redress  at  the  hands  of  the 
court  and  a  warrant  was  issued  for  the  arrest 
of  Guyton.  The  document  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  Deputy  Sheriff  Anderson.  Guyton 
came  quietly  enough  down  town  with  the  dep- 
uty sheriff,  but  when  the  latter  attempted  to 
disarm  him  he  resisted.  An  altercation  ensued 
during  which  six  shots  were  fired,  but  without 
serious  result.  Guyton  succeeded  in  effecting 
his  escape  and  returned  home.  Anderson  wer.t 
after  him  a  second  time,  but  was  kept  away 
from  the  premises  by  a  \\'inchester  in  the 
hands  of  Guyton.  Word  was  sent  to  Colville 
of  the  existing  conditions,  and  Sheriff  Ledger- 
wood  was  asked  to  repair  to  Northport  for  the 
purpose  of  "quelling  a  prospective  riot"  be- 
tween the  union  and  the  smelter  employes.  The 
sheriff  arrived  on  the  scene  and  with  little  dif- 
ficulty disarmed  two  forces  who  were,  ostensi- 
bly, "on  guard."  Of  the  sixty-two  men  who 
came  to  Northport  from  Joplin,  Missouri, 
forty-five  of  them  declined  to  work  for  the 
sinelter  company  and  sought  other  employ- 
ment. 

Another  incipient  riot  was  broken  up  in  its 
early  stages  Saturday,  November  9.  Shots 
were  exchanged  in  a  saloon  on  that  day  be- 
tween union  and  non-union  men,  and  one  man 
named  Kennedy  was  seriously  injured.  Four 
men  were  accused  of  disorderly  conduct  and 
landed  in  jail.  Prosecuting  Attorney  Bailey 
and  Sheriff  Ledgerwood  came  up  from  Colville 
and  succeeded  in  bringing  about  a  more  peace- 
ful state  01  affairs,  and  subsequently  Deputy 
Sheriff  Graham  appeared  on  the  scene  and  dis- 
armed both  contending  forces. 

The  Northport  smelter  strike  was  declared 
off  Wednesday,  March  12,  1902.  An  inter- 
esting account  nf  the  causes  which  led  up  to  this 
denouement,  written  evidently,  from  a  non- 
partisan view  point,  was  published  in  the 
Xorthport  Kepnhlican  of  March  1 5  : 

"At  a  meeting  of  the  Northport  Mill  & 
Smeltermen's  Union  Tuesday  night,  March  11. 
a  unanimous  \-ote  declared  in  favor  of  continu- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


149 


ing  the  fight  to  the  bitter  end,  but  hardly  had 
the  echo  died  from  the  loud  cheering  that  fol- 
lowed the  announcement  of  the  ballot  when  it 
was  learned  that  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners,  with  headquarters  at  Denver,  had  de- 
cided to  cut  off  the  weekly  allowance  of  the 
Northport  Mill  &  Smeltermen's  Union.  This 
sudden  and  very  unexpected  announcement 
nearly  paralyzed  the  boys,  and  some  could 
hardly  believe  that  the  federation  would  give 
them  the  cold  shoulder  so  soon,  but  the  follow- 
ing morning  when  the  free  eating  house,  con- 
ducted by  the  Western  Federation,  closed  its 
doors  they  began  to  realize  their  predicament 
and  a  mass  meeting  was  called  for  Wednesday 
night.  At  this  meeting  the  question  of  declar- 
ing the  strike  ofif  was  brought  up.  *  *  *  A 
vote  was  taken,  but,  alas,  it  did  not  correspond 
with  the  vote  of  the  previous  evening  worth  a 
cent.  To  cut  off  the  rations  made  all  the 
difference  in  the  world,  and  when  the  ballots 
were  counted  it  was  found  that  a  majority  had 
voted  to  declare  ofif  the  strike.  The  report  of 
the  vote  caused  dissension  in  the  ranks,  and  a 
lively  time  ensued  which  at  times  looked  threat- 
ening. It  was  with  difificulty  that  order  was 
preserved  and  when  at  last  the  storm  subsided 
it  was  decided  advisable  to  abandon  the  union 
altogether  and  surrender  the  charter.  This 
ends  the  life  of  the  Northport  Mill  &  Smelter- 
men's Union." 

Northport  is  a  bonded  port  of  entry  of  the 
United  States  custom  service.  This  sub-port 
of  entry  was  first  established  in  northeastern 
Washington  in  the  8o's,  and  Little  Dalles, 
which  was  then  a  postoffice  a  few  miles  down 
the  river  from  where  Northport  now  stands, 
was  the  port.  In  1893,  shortly  after  the  rail- 
road was  completed  to  Northfield,  that  growing 
town  became  the  port  of  entry.  The  following 
year  it  was  removed  to  Marcus  on  account  of 
a  large  wagon  traffic  between  that  point  and 
points  in  British  Columbia.  In  1895.  however, 
Northport  again  became  the  port  of  entry  and 
has  remained  so  since.     Officials  at  this  port 


have  proved  quite  efficient  in  checking  the 
smuggling  of  opium  and  the  importation  of  un- 
licensed Chinamen. 

The  public  schools  of  Northport  are  of  a 
high  class  and  merit  the  evident  appreciation  of 
the  people.  The  total  enrollment  is  over  two 
hundred  ?nd  fifty.  There  are  five  teachers  oc- 
cupying two  temporary  buildings.  A  new  and 
commodious  brick  edifice  was  erected  during 
the  summer  of  1903.  The  ninth  grade  is  com- 
posed of  four  students;  the  eighth  grade  will 
have  a  class  of  eight  or  nine  to  write  in  the 
spring  examination  of  1904.  The  teachers, 
with  their  grades,  are  these:  Prof  W.  C.  M. 
Scott,  9th,  8th  and  7th  grades ;  Miss  M.  Link, 
6th  and  5th;  Miss  June  Jackson,  4th  and  3d; 
Miss  Belle  Nesbitt,  2d  and  high  first;  Miss 
Mary  Shields,  ist  grade. 

At  present  the  city  of  Northport  contains 
about  one  thousand  population.  It  is  lively, 
and  the  business  portion  has  more  of  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  city  than  most  country  towns. 
One  can  not  gainsay  the  apparent  fact  that 
Northport  has  a  future,  and  with  a  fuller  de- 
velopment of  adjacent  mines  the  prospects  of 
the  town  will  be,  indeed,  flattering.  The  people 
are  energetic  and  show  their  faith  by  their 
works,  putting  all  of  their  surplus  earnings  into 
mine  developments.  The  smelter,  of  course,  is 
the  central  enterprise  of  the  town,  and  at  pres- 
ent is  employing  about  three  hundred  men. 
Wages  range  from  $2.75  to  $5  per  diem.  The 
lime  rock  in  this  vicinity  is  a  valuable  resource ; 
a  large  amount  of  it  is  utilized  in  the  local 
smelter  and  much  of  it  is  shipped  to  the  smelter 
at  Trail.  Two  marble  quarries  are  located  in 
the  vicini<;y  of  Northport.  They  have  been  de- 
veloped to  a  considerable  extent,  but  so  far  no 
shipments  have  been  made.  These  quarries  are 
the  Chewelah  Marble  Company,  seven  miles 
southeast,  on  Deep  Creek,  and  the  Allen  Mar- 
ble Company,  two  miles  south  of  Northport. 
Several  thousand  dollars  have  been  expended 
in  developm.ent  and  machinery. 

While  there  are  no  developed  mines  in  the 


I50 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


immediate  vicinity  of  Northport,  some  of  the 
richest  prospects  in  the  country  are  located  here. 
Eight  miles  from  Northport,  on  Deep  Creek,  is 
a  galena  mine  from  which  two  thousand  tons  of 
ore  has  been  shipped,  and  the  mine  is  now  be- 
ing more  extensively  developed.  One  mile 
north  of  the  city,  on  the  bank  of  the  Columbia 
river,  is  located  another  rich  mine  from  which 
shipment  has  already  commenced.  Northport 
is  frequently  referred  to  as  the  "Terminal 
City,"  it  being  the  division  point  for  three  rail- 
roads, all  of  which  belong  to  the  Great  North- 
ern system.  These  roads  are  the  Spokane  Falls 
&  Northern,  between  Spokane  and  Northport, 
built  into  Northport  in  1892;  the  Nelson  & 
Fort  Shepard,  from  Northport  to  Nelson,  com- 
pleted in  1893.  ^nd  the  Columbia  &  Red  Moun- 
tain, tetween  Northport  and  Rossland,  built 
in  1807.  The  railroad  machine  shops  and 
round  house  are  located  at  Northport,  which  is, 
at  present,  headquarters  for  about  seventy-five 
railroad  men. 


Secret  societies  are  well  represented  in 
Northport,  there  being  the  following  orders: 
Foresters  of  America ;  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men;  Women  of  Woodcraft;  Ancient  Order 
United  Workmen;  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  Eagles  and  Masons.  Three  church 
societies  hold  regular  meetings,  Presbyterian, 
Catholic  and  Episcopalians. 

The  four  serious  conflagrations  which  vis- 
ited Northport,  the  last  and  most  damaging  in 
1898,  signified  in  no  unmistakable  terms  the 
pressing  need  of  a  suitable  fire  department. 
One  was  organized  in  1899.  The  efficiency  of 
this  organization  is  amply  attested  by  the  fact 
that,  although  a  number  of  fires  have  secured  a 
threatening  opening  since  that  time,  in  e\ery 
instance  the  flames  have  been  confined  to  the 
buildings  in  which  they  originated. 

United  States  Commissioner  W.  P.  Hughes 
resides  at  Northport,  where  he  holds  his 
court. 


CHAPTER    VI. 


CITIES  AND    TOWNS— Continued. 


The  little  town  of  Marcus,  with  its  possibly 
two  hundred  people,  located  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Columbia  and  Kettle  rivers,  is  the  oldest 
town  in  Stevens  county.  To  the  south  of  the 
town  is  what  is  known  as  Marcus  Flat,  a  rich 
agricultural  tract  of  three  or  four  square  miles 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  high  hills.  In  the 
center  of  this  tract  are  the  old  buildings  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Here  in  the  early 
days  of  the  19th  century  the  post  known  as 
"Fort  Colville"  was  established,  and  from  this 
point  the  company  governed  absolutely  a  ter- 


ritory comprising  hundreds  of  sc|uare  miles. 
They  exercised  autocratic  ownership  and  con- 
trolled completely  all  the  contiguous  Indian 
tribes  and  monopolized  their  trade. 

The  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  fort  at  the 
Kettle  Falls  was  named  after  Lord  Colvil.  an 
English  nobleman  high  in  the  councils  of  the 
company.  While  it  is  not  generally  known  the 
name  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  fort  was 
spelled  Cok'il,  from  the  period  of  its  founding 
until  its  abandonment.  With  the  establishment 
of  the  United  States  military  post,  or  fort,  at 
Pinkney  City  the  orthography  of  the  name  was 
clianged  to  Coh'ille.   and   has  since  remained 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


151 


so,  and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  fort  is 
at  present  generally  referred  to  as  Colville. 

The  name  Colville  has,  since  the  establish- 
ment of  the  old  fort,  been  given  to  river,  valley, 
mining  district,  Indian  tribe,  military  post  and 
town. 

The  date  of  the  establishment  of  Fort  Col- 
ville, near  Marcus,  is  still  a  matter  of  specula- 
tion. Most  historians  give  the  date  as  1825  or 
1826.  There  are  grounds,  however,  for  the  be- 
lief that  it  may  have  been  built  at  an  earlier 
date.  Donald  McDonald,  who  is  the  present 
owner  of  the  old  fort  building,  says  that  he  has 
every  reason  to  believe  that  the  fort  was  estab- 
lished in  1816.  Mr.  McDonald  is  the  son  of 
Angus  McDonald,  the  chief  trader  of  the  fort 
from  1854  to  1 87 1,  and  he  has  made  his  home 
at  this  old  post  since  he  was  a  boy,  fifty  years 
ago.  His  information  is  gained  from  conver- 
sation with  former  employees  of  the  fort  and 
ancient  Indians.  A  visit  to  this  old  landmark 
is  replete  with  interest.  Perhaps  the  most  at- 
tractive edifice  in  the  little  group  is  the  main 
building  or  officer's  quarters,  although  the 
house  now  standing  was  not  built  until  1863. 
It  was  erected  at  that  time  to  replace  the  former 
one  which  was  located  just  north  of  the  present 
site.  It  is  a  fairly  large  building,  and  has  two 
rooms.  Upon  entering  either  room  the  first 
thing  that  attracts  the  eye  is  a  fireplace.  These 
are  composed  of  clay,  and  a  space  in  the  floor 
at  the  bottom,  about  three  feet  square,  is  made 
of  stone  and  brick.  Two  huge  chimneys,  built 
entirely  of  stone,  protrude  from  the  roof.  The 
floor  is  laid  with  two-inch  hardwood  strips, 
manufactured  at  the  company's  "whip-saw" 
mill.  Standing  in  one  of  the  rooms  is  a  large 
hard  wood  desk,  of  ancient  design,  undoubt- 
edly brought  from  England  nearly  a  century 
ago.  The  other  room  is  embellished  with  a 
monstrous  home-made  writing  desk.  The  sills 
of  this  house,  of  12x12  timber,  are  still  in  an 
excellent  state  of  preservation. 

A  few  steps  from  the  officer's  quarters  is 
what  was  known  as  the  "store  house."     This 


building  was  erected  in  1858.  Here  the  com- 
pany carried  their  stock  of  whiskey  and  other 
merchandise,  which  was  traded  to  the  Indians 
for  furs.  An  iron  56-pound  weight,  used  in 
weighing  furs,  may  still  be  seen  in  this  build- 
ing. Adjoining  the  "store"  building  is  the  fur 
house  where  the  stock  of  furs  and  pelts  received 
from  the  savages  in  trade  was  stored.  The 
present  fur  house  was  not  erected  until  1862. 
This  building,  as  well  as  the  store  building, 
was  quite  solidly  built,  the  walls  being  made  o£ 
ten-inch  tamarack.  Large  doors,  made  of 
hea\'y  plank  and  fastened  with  hand-forged 
spikes,  guard  the  entrance  to  these  buildings. 
The  hinges  are  also  of  home  construction. 
There  still  stands  also  a  building  that  was 
known  as  the  clerk's  house,  and  this  is  one  of 
the  oldest  structures  at  the  fort,  having  been 
erected  doubtless  at  the  time  the  company  lo- 
cated there.  The  powder  magazine  proves  not 
the  least  interesting  of  the  sights  at  the  fort. 
This  is  an  underground  room  not  unlike  a  cy- 
clone cellar,  and  one  might  easily  imagine  that 
ammunition  would  be  quite  likely  to  dampen  in 
such  a  subterranean  apartment.  The  whole 
of  the  room  is  curbed  by  flat  stones,  the  inter- 
stices being  filled  with  clay. 

The  block-house  is  the  oldest  structure  at 
the  fort,  having  been  built  by  the  company 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  post.  It  is  con- 
structed of  ten-inch  tamarack  and  has  stood  the 
test  of  time  well.  It  is  about  ten  feet  square. 
Several  rifle  port  holes,  beveled  from  the  in- 
side, command  a  good  view  of  the  surrounding 
country — or  a  possible  enemy.  Larger  port- 
holes on  the  east  side  of  the  building  were  cal- 
culated for  the  artillery,  which  consisted  of  one 
brass  cannon.  This  implement  of  destruction 
is  still  one  of  the  relics  of  the  fort.  It  is  so 
small  that  it  can  easily  be  picked  up  and  carried 
in  one  hand,  and  resembles  a  toy  gun.  It  is  a 
matter  of  history  that  there  was  never  an  attack 
on  this  fort  and  the  little  howitzer  was  never 
called  into  play  in  actual  warfare.  Sometime 
in  the  6o's,  however,  during  a  celebration  at  the 


152 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


fort,  the  muzzle  of  this  gun  was  blown  off 
owing  to  an  overcharge  of  powder. 

Surrounding  the  principal  buildings  of  the 
fort,  about  eighty  or  one  hundred  yards,  in 
former  days  was  a  stockade  sixteen  feet  high 
made  of  trunks  of  trees,  and  some  of  these  are 
still  plainly  in  evidence.  These  are  all  of  the 
buildings  now  in  existence,  but  just  south  of 
the  group  is  pointed  out  to  the  visitor  the  site 
of  a  row  of  houses  which  were  once  occupied 
by  the  employees  of  the  fort.  Time  has  de- 
stroyed these  ancient  structures,  but  there  still 
remain  on  the  spot  numerous  small  flat  stones 
which  formed  the  chimneys  of  these  houses. 
Another  spot  is  pointed  out  where  once  stood  the 
bakery.  A  slight  depression  in  the  ground 
shows  where  in  the  long  ago,  stood  the  com- 
pany's brewery,  presided  over  by  Thomas 
Stranger.  A  trifle  northwest  of  the  group  of 
buildings  which  were  surrounded  by  the  stock- 
ade, is  a  pit  where  stood  the  historic  whip-saw 
mill  where  trees  were  rudely  fashioned  into 
lumber  for  the  buildings.  A  short  distance 
north  of  the  fort  a  circular  depression  locates 
the  spot  where  stood  a  wind-mill  that  provided 
the  power  for  grinding  grain. 

A  feeling  of  awe  steals  over  the  visitor  as 
he  gazes  at  these  ancient  landmarks,  beyond  a 
doubt  the  oldest  buildings  now  standing  in  the 
state  of  \\'ashington.  What  pages  of  historical 
detail  could  they  record  were  they  animate  and 
voluble!  Chief  Factor  John  Work  established 
this  historic  fort,  and  was  the  first  officer  in 
charge.  He  was  followed  by  Archibald  Mc- 
Donald, granduncle  of  Angus  McDonald;  An- 
derson. Lewis.  Desce  and  Angus  McDonald, 
who  had  associated  with  him  part  of  the  time 
Chief  Trader  George  L.  Blenkinsop.  A  mem- 
orable occasion  in  the  history  of  the  fort  was 
the  consultation  held  here  in  1855  between  the 
Hudson's  Bay  people  and  Governor  Isaac  Ste- 
vens and  George  B.  McClellan,  the  latter  then  a 
lieutenant  in  the  engineer  corps  of  the  United 
States  army.  Stevens  and  McClellan  remained 
at  the  fort  two  days. 


,  In  1866  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  sold 
out  all  their  rights  in  this  vicinity  to  the  United 
States  government.  The  purchase  price  is  said 
to  have  been  $800,000.  In  1871,  when  the  fort 
was  abandoned,  the  buildings  and  land  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  became  the  property  of  An- 
gus McDonald,  and  his  son,  Donald  McDonald, 
and  they  are  still  owned  by  the  latter. 

The  history  of  the  present  town  of  Marcus 
dates  from  the  year  i860.  In  that  year  the  Brit- 
ish Boundary  Commission,  comprising  a  large 
party  of  men  from  the  engineer  corps  of  the 
English  army,  in  charge  of  Colonel  Hawkins, 
came  to  this  part  of  the  country.  They  first  es- 
tablished themselves  at  a  point  a  short  distance 
south  of  the  present  town.  In  the  autumn  of 
this  year  the  party  moved  to  the  banks  of  the 
Columbia  river  where  Marcus  now  stands. 
Here  they  built  a  village  of  log  huts,  and  some 
of  them  can  still  be  seen.  In  1862  the  commis- 
sion completed  its  labors  and  retired  from  the 
scene. 

The  same  year  the  initial  store  was  estab- 
lished at  Marcus  by  a  man  named  Ferguson. 
He  soon  encountered  opposition,  for  shortly 
afterward  ^Villiam  Vernon  Brown  opened  a 
second  store.  Marcus  Oppenheimer,  the  home- 
steader of  the  site  of  Marcus,  soon  purchased 
Mr.  Ferguson's  interests  at  this  point,  and  sub- 
sequently took  his  two  brothers,  Samuel  and 
Joseph,  into  partnership  with  him.  The  Op- 
penheimers  and  Mr.  Brown  continued  to  con- 
duct their  respective  mercantile  establishments 
at  Marcus  for  many  years,  and  the  town  devel- 
oped into  quite  a  lively  trading  point.  Their 
stocks  of  goods  were  brought  in  by  freighters 
from  Walla  \A^alla.  Communication  with  the 
north  was  had  by  means  of  the  steamer  "49," 
which  was  built  in  1865.  This  boat  navigated 
the  Columbia  river  from  IMarcus  to  Canadian 
points  above  Revelstoke  for  twelve  or  fifteen 
years. 

June  27,   1890,  Marcus  Oppenheimer,  for 

whom  the  place  was  named,  and  Joseph  Monag- 

'  han  platted  the  town.     Two  ntlier  town  sites 


MEYERS    FALLS    OF    THE    COLVILLE    RIVER. 


BUILDINGS  OF  THE   HUDSON'S  BAY  COMPANY'S  POST. 

Near  Marcus,  as  they  appear  to-day.    The  building  on  the  left  was  the  officers'  quarter 

The  one  in  the  center  was  the  storehouse.       Directly  behind  this  was 

the  fur  house.     To  the  right  is  the  Block  House. 


GRIST  MILL  AT   MEYERS    FALLS, 
STEVENS  COUNTY. 

Erected  in   1872.  replacing  one  built  by 

the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  1830, 

which  had  taken  the  place  of 

one   erected   in    1816. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


153 


have  also  been  platted  in  this  vicinity,  but  no 
towns  resulted.  East  Marcus,  a  short  distance 
up  the  Columbia  river,  was  platted  August  5, 
1890,  by  E.  D.  Morrison  and  O.  B.  Nelson. 
Donald  township,  at  the  Kettle  Falls  of  the 
Columbia,  was  platted  by  Donald  McDonald 
December  5,  1891.  Marcus  continued  to  be  a 
small  trading  post  only,  with  its  two  stores, 
until  1896.  Then  the  opening  of  the  north 
half  of  the  Colville  reservation  to  mineral  entry 
■caused  a  stampede  to  this  point  and  the  town 
began  to  build  rapidly  and  attained  to  consider- 
able importance. 

At  Marcus  is  an  immense  railroad  bridge 
built  by  the  Washington  &  Great  Northern  rail- 
road Company  in  1901  when  that  road  was  ex- 
tended from  Marcus  to  Republic.  One  hun- 
dred men  were  employed  in  its  construction, 
which  occupied  a  period  of  eight  months.  Mar- 
cus is  located  at  the  confluence  of  the  Kettle  and 
Columbia  rivers  fourteen  miles  northwest  from 
■Colville.  It  is  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
railroad  and  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the 
Washington  &  Great  Northern.  Its  elevation 
is  1,263  f^et.  It  has  a  population  of  about  200 
people,  a  good  school  with  an  attendance  of  50 ; 
no  churches;  one  lodge,  the  Red  Men;  and  a 
■cable  ferry.  Across  the  river  are  fine  forests — 
sufficient  timber  to  supply  saw  mills  for  many 
years.  None  has  been  located  here  as  yet,  but 
it  is  only  a  question  of  time  when  lumbering 
will  become  the  principal  industry.  There  are 
a  number  of  promising  mines  on  the  west  side 
■of  the  river. 

MEYERS  FALLS. 

Beautiful,  historic  Meyers  Falls. 

And  the  material  advantages  of  the  town 
are,  in  their  way,  fully  equal  to  the  picturesque- 
Tiess  of  its  location.  With  the  possible  excep- 
tion of  Spokane  Falls,  ]\Ieyers  Falls,  about  one 
mile  south  of  the  town  of  the  same  name,  are 
the  greatest  falls,  so  far  as  concerns  commer- 
■cial  value,  in  the  state  of  Washington.  This 
immense  power  is,  at  present,  following  humble 


lines.  It  simply  drives  a  saw  mill  and  an  elec- 
tric light  plant.  At  the  lowest  water  stage 
3,000  horse-power  is  available  from  the  falls. 
The  falls  and  surrounding  land  are  o-wned  ex- 
clusively by  L.  W.  Meyers,  who  homesteaded 
the  property. 

But  it  is  not  only  the  beauty  of  the  falls  and 
their  possible  utility  that  are  to  be  considered 
in  this  work.  The  history  connected  with  this 
romantic  spot  dates  back  as  far,  and  possibly 
farther,  than  any  point  in  Stevens  county.  On 
this  subject  the  earlier  pioneers  of  the  country 
differ.  Here  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  per- 
ceiving the  advantages'  offered  by  the  powerful 
falls,  established  a  post  and  built  a  grist  mill  in 
1 81 6,  which  they  operated  for  fourteen  years. 
Then,  about  1830,  it  was  torn  down  and  a  new 
mill  erected  in  its  place.  November  19,  1866, 
Mr.  L.  W.  Meyers,  who  came  here  from  east- 
ern Canada,  secured  control  of  the  mill  and 
operated  it  in  this  building  until  1872  when  the 
structure  becoming  rotten,  he  razed  it  to  the 
ground  and  erected  the  present  mill,  using  the 
floor  and  some  of  the  timbers  of  the  old  edifice. 
Mr.  Meyers  operated  this  mill  until  about  1889 
when  it  was  discontinued.  In  1876  Mr.  Meyers 
opened  a  store  on  his  ranch,  three  miles  due 
east  from  the  falls,  which  he  conducted  until 
1900. 

Another  historical  institution  near  the  town 
of  Meyers  Falls  is  the  Goodwin  Mission,  two 
miles  east  of  the  town.  This  was  established 
about  1870,  the  original  site  being  a  trifle  south- 
east of  the  present  place.  Its  official  title  is  St. 
Francis  Regis  Mission.  On  the  first  site  se- 
lected the  Catholic  principals  held  their  school 
for  three  years  and  then  removed  it  to  the  pres- 
ent beautiful  location.  The  priests  in  charge 
were  Fathers  Militry,  De  Grasse  and  Louis. 
Nine  teachers  were  employed  in  1902,  the 
period  of  the  last  report,  and  there  was  an  at- 
tendance of  1 50  scholars.  The  expenses  for  the 
yean  1902  were  $8,500.  There  are  two  build- 
ings, commodious  structures,  one  for  boys  and 
the  other  devoted  to  girls. 


154 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


In  1889  D.  C.  Corbin  extended  his  railroad 
to  Meyers  Falls.  It  was  his  original  intention 
to  build  the  road  along  the  Colville  river  past 
the  falls  and  locate  the  town  at  the  falls.  Mr. 
Meyers  offered  to  cede  a  large  tract  of  land  for 
this  purpose.  The  company  demanded  a  part 
interest  in  the  water  power,  but  this  Meyers  re- 
fused and  the  road  was  finally  built  through  the 
present  townsite  of  Meyers  Falls.  There  is, 
however,  some  talk  of  changing  the  present  line, 
a  survey  having  been  made  at  the  falls,  one  mile 
south.  This  change  is  contemplated  owing  to  a 
heavy  grade  between  Meyers  Falls  and  Marcus, 
which  is  2.5  per  cent,  the  distance  being  five 
miles.  By  the  contemplated  change  the  distance 
would  be  twelve  miles  and  the  grade  .6  per  cent. 

The  town  was  named  after  L.  W.  Myers, 
who  has  been  a  resident  of  the  county  since 
1862.  The  first  building  erected  within  the 
limits  of  the  townsite  was  for  store  and  resi- 
dence purposes.  It  was  erected  in  the  winter 
of  1890  by  Mrs.  L.  E.  Blackmore,  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1 89 1,  she  opened  a  store  there.  The  post- 
office  was  established  the  same  year  and  G.  B. 
Ide,  now  a  resident  of  Colville,  was  made  post- 
master. Mr.  Ide  built  a  small  real  estate  office 
and  utilized  a  portion  of  the  space  for  postal 
purposes.  In  1892  this  building  burned  and 
only  the  Blackmore  store  remained  in  the  town. 
June  16,  1893,  the  Blackmore  building  also 
burned  and,  until  she  could  erect  a  new  edifice, 
there  was  no  town  of  Meyers  Falls.  In  1897 
the  second  store  was  established  by  George  E. 
Meyers,  son  of  L.  W.  Meyers,  the  pioneer. 
The  former  is  still  in  business,  as  is  Mrs.  Black- 
more,  now  Mrs.  White,  but  still  conducting  the 
business  under  the  name  of  Blackmore. 

Meyers  Falls  is  a  town  of  about  300  souls, 
picturesquely  located  and  is  a  good  shippping 
point.  There  are  no  organized  churches.  The 
Woodmen  of  the  World  and  the  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America  both  have  local  camps. 
The  town  is  provided  with  an  excellent  school, 
employing  two  teachers  with  an  average  attend- 
ance of  seventy.     A  stage  line  runs  to  Kettle 


Falls  and  other  points  south,  a  distance  of  sev- 
enty miles. 

KETTLE    FALLS. 

At  the  opening  of  the  year  1888  only  one 
small  and  humble  log  cabin  stood  among  the 
sombre  pines  on  the  present  site  of  Kettle  Falls. 
The  cabin  had  been  erected  by  the  Hon.  Marcy 
H.  Randall.  This  man  was  convinced  that  such 
a  massive  water  power  must,  sooner  or  later, 
be  utilized  and  he  squatted  on  the  picturesque 
bluff  overlooking  it  determined  in  his  convic- 
tion that  "everything  comes  to  the  man  who 
waits."  The  little  cabin  still  stands,  moss- 
grown  and  weather  beaten.  The  writer,  while 
visiting  the  falls,  climbed  the  bluff  to  this  pio- 
neer residence.  The  walls  are  of  logs,  the 
joints,  inside  and  out,  being  "pointed"  with 
clay.  Rough  boards  cover  the  roof ;  spaces  be- 
tween them  are  overlaid  with  tar  paper.  The 
site  is  picturesque — a  bit  of  charming  western 
scenery. 

Soon  others  saw  the  possibilities  of  a  loca- 
tion in  this  vicinity.  Mr.  Randall  was  joined 
by  John  Kinzie,  Captain  James  McCormick, 
Vernon  Glass,  Louis  Blue,  Christ  McDonald 
and  others.  They  secured  homesteads,  or 
rather  squatted  upon  land  on  this  level  plateau 
o\erlooking  the  mighty  Columbia,  near  which 
the  town  of  Kettle  Falls  is  now  built.  Others 
who  secured  locations  here  were  Mrs.  L.  C.  P. 
Haskins,  w-ho  built  a  cabin  lower  down  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Colville  and  Columbia  rivers ; 
James  Budd  and  Peter  Hacking,  who  took  land 
on  which  the  original  townsite  was  platted. 
Doubtless  the  country  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  Kettle  Falls  of  the  Columbia  would  have 
been  thickly  settled  before  now  but  for  a  certain' 
ruling  of  Land  Commissioner  Sparks  in  March,. 
1888.  At  that  period  the  whole  of  the  country 
tributary  to  Kettle  Falls,  twenty-two  townships 
in  all,  was  thrown  out  of  the  market  as  a  fraud- 
ulent survey.  It  was,  however,  accepted  by  a 
later  administration  as  correct,  thus  giving  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


155 


squatters — for  they  were  nothing  more  than 
squatters — an  opportunity  to  prove  up  and  se- 
cure titles  to  their  lands.  This  was  done  in  the 
fall  and  winter  of  1889. 

"Why  D.  C.  Corbin  did  not  build  his  rail- 
road by  way  of  the  Kettle  Falls  ?"  is  a  question 
that  will  probably  never  be  answered.  A  sur- 
vey had  been  run  to  include  the  falls,  and  close 
to  the  site  of  the  present  town.  But  this  plan 
was  changed  and  a  much  more  unsatisfactory 
route  selected  owing  to  the  heavy  grade  to  be 
overcome.  Whatever  the  reason  for  this 
change  the  fact  remains  that  Kettle  Falls  was 
left  to  one  side  and  as  a  consequence  the  town 
suffers.  The  first  sign  of  activity  in  Kettle 
Falls  was  manifested  in  the  autumn  of  1889 
when  the  townsite  was  platted.  The  Spokane 
Falls  Revieiv  of  January  i,  1890.  said  :  "Three 
months  ago  about  forty  souls  could  be  counted 
within  a  radius  of  three  miles,  while  today 
there  is  a  population  of  four  hundred  inhabi- 
tants." While  the  change  had  been  wonderful 
in  these  three  months  what  a  greater  change 
was  witnessed  in  the  growth  of  the  town  dur- 
ing that  year!  Where  a  few  months  before 
there  was  nothing  but  gloomy,  sighing  forests, 
in  1 89 1  appeared  a  city!  Pines,  spruce,  firs 
and  tamaracks  disappeared.  In  their  places  the 
most  enterprising  town  in  the  western  part  of 
the  United  States  made  its  magical  appearance. 
Broad  streets  and  avenues  lined  on  either  side 
by  handsome  business  blocks,  public  buildings 
and  princely  residences  sprung  up  to  attract  the 
attention  of  an  entire  state.  Twelve  miles  of 
twelve-foot  plank  sidewalk  were  constructed. 
The  handsomest  and  best  appointed  hotel  west 
of  Helena,  Mont.,  was  located  where  a  few 
months  before  the  foot  of  man  had  not  trod. 
This  hotel  was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $18,000. 
The  furnishings,  which  are  described  as  magni- 
ficent, were  purchased  in  Saginaw,  Mich.,  at  a 
cost  of  $9,200.  Two  houses  of  worship  and  a 
public  school  building  of  handsome  architect- 
ural design  were  built.  A  public  library  build- 
ing of  brick,  containing  several  hundred  vol- 


umes, was  located  in  the  central  portion  of  the 
town.  A  system  of  water  works  was  estab- 
lished. An  electric  lighting  system,  conducted 
on  a  magnificent  scale,  was  in  operation.  Hugh 
Monro,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  magic  town, 
in  conversation  with  the  writer,  said  that  one  of 
the  most  picturesque  sights  he  ever  witnessed 
was  the  town  of  Kettle  Falls  at  night  during  the 
"boom"  times.  Standing  on  the  bank  of  the 
Columbia  ri\-er  the  view  that  met  his  eyes  was 
one  never  to  be  forgotten.  The  forests  on  the 
mountains  formed  a  background,  and  for  miles 
and  miles  the  scene  was  illuminated  by  electric 
lights.  On  every  corner  of  the  business  section 
of  the  city  (and  the  business  section  included 
no  small  amount  of  territory)  was  an  arc  light, 
and  throughout  the  residence  portion  of  the 
town,  which  included  about  one  thousand  acres, 
every  other  corner  was  supplied  with  an  arc 
light.  On  the  ridge  to  the  north  and  east  of  the 
town  was  a  row  of  electric  lights  which  formed 
a  quadrant  around  the  city.  A  newspaper  was 
established  and  for  one  week  a  daily  paper  was 
issued. 

Here  then,  was  a  city  of  perhaps  one  thous- 
and people  sprung  up,  it  might  be  said,  in  a 
night,  supplied  with  all  the  conveniences  and 
luxuries  of  a  metropolis.  Here  was  civilization 
in  its  most  pronounced  effects.  Across  the  river 
and  within  a  few  hundred  rods  of  the  brilliantly 
illumed  city  were  howling  savages  from  the 
Colville  reservation,  who  gazed  in  wonder  at 
the  spectacular  transformation  of  the  wilder- 
ness. Coyotes  howled  at  the  tresspassers  on 
their  territory. 

But  what  was  the  reason  for  the  appearance 
of  this  municipal  blossom  in  the  wilderness? 
There  had  been  many  "boom"  towns  in  the 
west,  especially  in  mining  camps,  which  had 
sprung  up  luxuriantly  and  acquired  a  large  pop- 
ulation in  a  remarkably  short  time.  But  there 
had  never  been  anything  in  history  to  equal  the 
spontaneity  of  this  coltish  town  in  the  magni- 
ficence of  its  planning  and  the  elaborateness  of 
its  buildings.    To  John  W.  Goss,  who,  in  1889, 


156 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


was  a  member  of  the  wholesale  hardware  firm 
of  Holly,  Mason,  Marks  &  Company,  of  Spo- 
kane, and  who  was  also  interested  in  banking 
in  that  city,  belongs  the  honor  of  originating 
the  idea  of  building  the  metropolis  of  the  north- 
west at  Kettle  Falls.  He  had  visited  the  place 
and  recognized  the  value  of  the  falls  as  a  source 
of  driving  power  for  manufacturing  industries. 
Mr.  Goss  had  formerly  been  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  hardware  business  at  Rochester,  N. 
Y..  and  he  decided  to  interest  his  friends  in  the 
formation  of  a  company  to  build  a  city  at  this 
point.  With  this  end  in  view  he  corresponded 
with  Mr.  W.  B.  Aris,  who  had  formerly  been 
a  traveling  salesman  for  his  company,  and  in 
whom  he  recognized  a  suitable  man  to  promote 
the  scheme.  Mr.  Aris  became  interested  in  the 
proposition,  visited  the  site  with  Mr.  Goss,  and 
returned  to  New  York  with  glowing  accounts 
of  the  possibilities  of  the  state  of  Washington 
and  the  Columbia  river — Kettle  Falls  in  par- 
ticular. 

Mr.  Aris  found  no  difiSculty  in  financing 
the  enterprise  and  organizing  the  Rochester  & 
Kettle  Falls  Land  Company,  which  was  capi- 
talized at  $500,000.  It  may  be  well  to  state 
here  that  the  company  was  formed  from  friends 
of  Mr.  Aris  and  that  after  organization  Mr. 
Goss,  who  was  the  originator  of  the  scheme, 
never  had  a  controlling  interest  in  the  company, 
and  had  very  little  to  do  with  it.  It  had  been 
Mr.  Goss's  intention  to  interest  Spokane  capi- 
tal, but  this  did  not  eventuate.  The  officers  and 
members  of  the  Rochester  &:  Kettle  Falls  Land 
Company  were : 

George  Walter  Weaver,  president:  Horace 
C.  Brewster,  vice  president :  William  C.  Wait, 
secretary ;  William  B.  Aris,  treasurer  and  gen- 
eral manager.  The  trustees  were  George  Wal- 
ter Weaver,  Rochester;  Horace  C.  Brewster, 
William  C.  Wait,  William  B.  Aris,  H.  P.  Ran- 
ger, George  S.  Morley,  Arthur  Luetchford, 
Bernard  Felock.  Conrad  Eckhardt,  L.  C.  Hu- 
ber.  all  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  F.  D.  Sherwood, 
Hnrnellsville,  N.  Y. :  Harvey  Hoag,  Medina, 


N.  Y.;  W.  H.  Dick,  Dansville,  N.  Y.  The 
executive  committee  comprised  W.  B.  Aris, 
Horace  C.  Brewster,  H.  P.  Ranger  and  George 
S.  Morley,  all  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Aris,  as  general  manager,  became  the 
practical  head  of  the  concern,  and  it  was  prin- 
cipally through  his  instrumentality  that  Kettle 
Falls  bloomed  into  existence,  and  under  his  di- 
rection that  all  these  marvelous  improvements 
were  made.  Forty  acres  each  were  donated 
from  the  ranches  of  Mrs.  L.  C.  P.  Haskins, 
James  Budd  and  Peter  Hacking  to  the  Roches- 
ter company  for  townsite  purposes  and  the  com- 
pany acquired  in  all  about  one  thousand  acres 
of  land.  It  was  the  first  intention  of  the  organi- 
zation to  locate  the  town  at  the  falls,  but  this 
land  was  owned  by  the  Jesuits  and  could  not  be 
procured  at  any  price.  It  was  then  decided  to 
plant  the  city  on  the  present  site. 

More  funds  were  required  by  the  company 
to  further  the  elaborate  plans  for  the  building 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Aris  concluded  to  interest 
other  eastern  capitalists  in  the  enterprise.  He 
repaired  to  New  York  for  the  announced  pur- 
pose of  procuring  an  excursion  train  of  possible 
investors  to  visit  the  new  town  and,  also,  to 
bring  out  those  who  had  already  invested.  IMr. 
Aris  did  not  meet  with  the  success  that  he  ex- 
pected, but  he  induced  most  of  those  already 
interested  and  a  few  others  to  form  a  party  ami 
make  the  trip  to  Washington.  Two  special 
cars  were  chartered  and  in  the  spring  of  1891 
they  arrived  in  Kettle  Falls.  Following  their 
arrival  the  Kettle  Falls  Pioneer  issued  a  daily 
edition — for  a  week.  To  these  easterners  the 
town,  as  viewed  from  handsome  half-tone  cuts, 
and  imagined  from  the  perusal  of  flamboyant 
booklets,  as  they  sat  in  their  comfortable  homes 
in  the  Empire  State  and  the  town  of  Kettle 
Falls  as  it  really  was  in  1891,  were  two  entirely 
different  propositions.  They  were  fatigued 
with  the  long  ride,  sore  and  disgusted.  A  meet- 
ing of  the  stockholders  was  held  at  the  Roches- 
ter hotel,  where  the  different  parties  interested 
voiced  their  views.     They  appeared  ready  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


157 


throw  up  the  sponge,  and  unequivocally  de- 
clared that  they  would  invest  no  more  money 
in  the  enterprise.  In  vain  did  Mr.  Aris  elo- 
quently voice  his  belief  and  enthusiasm.  Those 
who  had  already  invested  in  the  town  could  see 
no  possible  future  benefit  in  contributing  more ; 
those  who  had  come  looking  for  investment 
could  not  but  be  influenced  by  the  others.  The 
Rochester  party  remained  but  a  few  days  and 
then  turned  their  faces  toward  Genessee  Falls, 
New  York. 

The  effect  of  this  visit  was  depressing. 
Town  lots  which  sold  for  $1,500  on  the  day  of 
the  arrival  of  this  distingiiished  party,  could  on 
the  following  day  be  purchased  for  from  $300 
to  $400  apiece.  During  the  fall  of  1903  Ste- 
vens county  held  a  sale  of  property  acquired  by 
delinquent  tax  proceedings  and  lots  in  Kettle 
Falls  sold  at  from  fifty  cents  to  $10  each. 

For  a  short  period  the  town  was  at  a  stand- 
still; then  began  retrogression.  The  sumptu- 
ous Hotel  Rochester  was  closed  and  the  gorge- 
ous upholstery  removed.  Many  residence 
houses  which  had  sprung  up  in  the  thriving 
town  now  became  vacant.  Some  of  the  owners 
of  these  houses  to  prevent  them  from  going  to 
waste,  and  in  order  to  realize  something  on 
them,  disposed  of  them  at  great  sacrifice  to  new 
settlers  and  they  were  removed  to  ne^r-by 
ranches.  It  is  said  that  at  least  forty  houses 
were  thus  taken  from  this  once  glorious,  but 
ephemeral  city. 

Kettle  Falls  is  four  miles  from  Meyers  Falls 
and  twelve  miles  from  Colville.  Its  elevation 
is  1,200  feet  above  sea  level,  the  climate  mild 
and  dry.  The  town  derives  its  name  from  the 
falls  which  have  always  been  known  as  Kettle, 
which  name  originated  from  the  hollows 
formed  in  the  rocks.  These  depressions  were 
caused  by  boulders  brought  down  by  the  current 
of  the  river,  and  rotating  rapidly,  wearing  a 
number  of  wells  in  the  rocks,  each  of  which  is 
about  three  feet  in  diameter  and  ten  feet  deep. 
These  are  technically  known  as  "pot-holes,"  the 
natives   giving   them   the   name   of   "kettles." 


The  river  is  nearly  half  a  mile  wide  at  this  point 
and  in  some  places  one  hundred  feet  deep,  with 
islands  in  the  center.  A  vast  body  of  water 
passes  over  these  falls  and  the  power  facilities 
are  almost  incalculable. 

Following  the  granting  of  a  petition  for  in- 
corporation, signed  by  seventy-two  electors  of 
Kettle  Falls,  a  special  election  was  called  for 
December  8.  1891.  Although  the  result  of  the 
vote  was  in  favor  of  incorporation  the  election 
was  declared  void,  and  another  one  was  called 
for  May  20,  1892.  The  result  was  favorable  to 
incorporation,  and  the  town  was  declared  to  be 
in  the  fourth  class.  The  following  officials 
were  elected :  Robert  Ledgerwood,  mayor ; 
Peter  Hacking,  James  J.  Budd,  Henry  D. 
Quinby,  Charles  A.  Phipps  and  S.  M.  Hinman, 
councilmen ;  George  W.  Washburn,  treasurer. 

As  one  wends  his  way  from  the  present 
town  of  Kettle  Falls  to  the  falls  in  the  Columbia 
he  encounters  a  large  frame  building  situated 
in  the  heart  of  the  woods.  This  structure  is 
all  that  remains,  or  in  fact  all  that  ever  was,  of 
the  town  of  Stevens  which  was  intended  to 
have  become  the  metropolis  of  the  northwest, 
and  of  which  a  historical  sketch  is  given  in 
another  portion  of  this  work. 

The  site  of  the  old  Jesuit  chapel  is  a  most 
beautiful  spot.  A  grassy  field  surrounded  by 
open  timber  near  the  end  of  a  high  promontory, 
and  commanding  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
Columbia  Valley,  the  great  river  stretching 
away  to  the  north  and  the  valley  dotted  with 
farms  and  skirted  by  mountain  ranges ;  this  is 
the  view  from  the  ancient  site.  This  historic 
landmark  is  situated  a  few  hundred  yards  back 
from  the  eastern  bank  of  the  falls.  The  mission 
was  known  as  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  and  was 
erected  in  1858.  A  former  building  once  stood 
on  the  same  site,  erected  as  early  as  1846.  The 
present  chapel  is  built  entirely  of  logs  and  not  a 
nail  was  used  in  its  construction,  wooden  pegs 
being  utilized  instead.  Therein  can  be  seen 
a  huge  fireplace,  and  outside  a  chimney  made 
of  sun-dried  brick. 


158 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


The  first  fair  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Stevens  County  Industrial  Association  was  held 
at  Kettle  Falls  in  September,  1895.  The  dis- 
play of  fruits,  vegetables  and  other  agricultu- 
ral products  was  excellent.  Many  of  these  ex- 
hibits were  taken  to  the  Spokane  Fruit  Fair  of 
that  year  where  they  captured  prizes. 

The  present  Kettle  Falls  is  a  town  of  about 
350  inhabitants.  It  lies  scattered  over  an  exten- 
sive territory  extending  from  the  confluence  of 
the  Colville  and  Columbia  rivers  up  the  latter 
stream  for  a  distance  of  at  least  a  mile.  The 
immense  and  ornate  Hotel  Rochester  building 
stands,  like  "Tara's  halls."  deserted,  the  melan- 
choly scene  of  the  Rochester  &  Kettle  Falls 
Land  Company's  Waterloo.  Thanks  to  the 
boomers  the  town  has  now  a  handsome  school 
iDuilding,  two  commodious  church  edifices  and 
a  public  library.  As  a  rule  the  citizens  are  firm 
in  their  conviction  that  the  town  has  a  future, 
and  there  is  no  reason  to  gainsay  this  hope. 
There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  Spo- 
kane Falls  &  Northern  Railroad  Company  will, 
within  a  short  time,  change  the  course  of  its 
road  to  avoid  the  heavy  grade  between  Meyers 
Falls  and  Marcus.  Should  this  eventuate  the 
line  will  strike  within  a  short  distance  of  Kettle 
Falls.  The  town  has  a  bank.  Presbyterian  and 
Seventh  Day  Adventist  churches,  one  hundred 
and  one  pupils  enrolled  in  the  public  schools 
which  employ  two  teachers;  W.  O.  W.,  Odd 
Fellows  and  Masonic  lodges,  the  latter  having 
a  fine  new  hall  erected  in  1903,  and  an  O.  E. 
S.  chapter  recently  organized.  There  are  stage 
lines  to  Meyers  Falls  and  all  points  along  the 
Columbia  river. 

CHEWEL.\H. 

The  first  white  man  who  ever  looked  upon 
the  site  upon  which  the  town  of  Chewelah  is 
located  was,  beyond  a  doubt.  Solomon  Pelcher. 
The  date  of  his  arrival  here  is  uncertain.  To 
some  of  the  settlers  who  came  to  this  point  in 
T8S2    Pelcher   made   the   surprising  statement 


that  he  had  first  visited  the  site  of  Chewelah 
forty  years  previous  to  that  date,  which,  if  true, 
would  fix  the  date  of  his  advent  in  1842.  Mr. 
Pelcher  died  several  years  since  and  is  buried 
near  Chewelah.  To  Mr.  Tom  Brown,  of  Chew- 
lah,  belongs  the  honor  of  being  the  surviving 
pioneer  of  this  town.  Outside  of  the  employees 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  there  are  only 
one  or  two  white  men  whose  arrival  in  Stevens 
county  antedates  that  of  Mr.  Brown. 

In  1854  a  party  comprising  Brown,  his 
wife,  three  daughters  and  one  son,  and  James 
Sickler,  entered  Stevens  county.  They  were 
of  Scottish  birth,  on  their  way  from  Canada 
to  the  gold  fields  of  California.  Brown  had 
with  him  a  number  of  head  of  stock.  The  win- 
ter was  severe  and  Brown  decided  to  pass  the 
cold  weather  where  they  were,  which  was  near 
the  present  site  of  Addy.  Sickler  pushed  on  to 
the  south  and  a  few  years  later  was  killed  in 
Portland,  Oregon.  Renouncing  the  California 
trip  Brown  concluded  to  make  his  home  here, 
and  he  built  a  cabin  in  the  wilderness  near  .\dcly 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing. In  1859,  with  his  family,  he  removed  to 
the  future  Chewelah  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Purchasing  a  farm  from  an  Indian  he  founded 
a  home.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  in  the 
government  service  carrying  the  mail  from  a 
point  below  Spokane  Falls  to  Fort  Colville. 
He  also  secured  a  contract  from  the  go\-ern- 
ment  to  furnish  forage  rations  for  troops  on 
their  way  to  and  from  Fort  Colville.  His  place 
became  a  kind  of  public  inn  where  he  accommo- 
dated wayfarers  on  their  way  between  the  old 
military  fort  at  Pinkney  City  and  other  points. 
For  many  years  Brown  was  the  one  lonely  white 
settler  in  this  part  of  Colville  Valley.  But  in 
the  6o's  a  few  white  men  had  located  here  and 
a  public  school  was  established,  IMiss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Brown,  being  the  teacher, 
her  school  room  a  portion  of  Brown's  house. 
A  government  Indian  agency  was  established  at 
the  place  where  now  stands  Chewelah  in  1873. 
.\  stone  grist  mill  was  erected  to  which  the  In- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


t59 


dians  brought  their  grain  to  be  ground.  Por- 
tions of  this  ancient  structure  are  still  to  be  seen 
in  Chewelah.  Major  Sims  was  the  first  gov- 
ernment agent.  He  remained  in  charge  until 
1882.  Aside  from  the  agent  a  number  of  other 
gentlemen  held  positions  at  the  agency.  John 
McFadden  was  in  charge  of  the  mill ;  Dr.  E. 
L.  Morgan  was  physician  and  attended  to  the 
ailments  of  the  Indians.  Major  O'Neil,  an- 
other of  the  men  at  the  agency,  had  for  his 
duties  the  instruction  of  the  Indians  in  the  art 
of  farming.  There  was  a  supply  department 
connected  with  the  agency  from  which  farm- 
ing machinery  and  seeds  were  distributed. 
There  was  no  store,  however,  and  the  nearest 
trading  point  was  Fort  Colville.  Major  Sims 
was  superseded  as  agent  in  1882  by  Major 
Waters,  who  continued  in  charge  two  years. 
He,  in  turn,  relinquished  the  position  to  Major 
Moore,  but  shortly  after  the  latter  assumed 
charge  the  agency  was  abandoned  here  and  re- 
moved to  the  Nespelim  country.  This  was  in 
1885. 

Not  until  1882  was  there  a  store  established 
at  Chewelah.  That  year  J.  T.  Lockhard  built 
a  small  log  structure  and  opened  a  store,  the 
principal  stock  being  whiskey.  The  building 
still  stands  in  Chewelah,  in  Kieling's  addition, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  The  same  year 
Mr.  Lockhard  disposed  of  his  business  to  D.  C. 
Bird.  The  succeeding  business  enterprise  was 
inaugurated  in  1883  by  Joseph  Oppenheimer, 
who  since  that  period  has  been  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  in  Chewelah.  In  those 
early  days  the  country  round  about  Chewelah 
was  known  far  and  wide  by  the  French  name, 
Prairie  du  Foo;  translated  into  English  it  be- 
comes "Fool's  Prairie."  Quite  an  event  in  the 
history  of  this  community  was  the  naming  of 
the  place.  As  late  as  1883  it  was  known  by  the 
Spokane  Indians  as  Cha-we-lah,  signifying 
water-snake.  That  year  the  settlers  held  a 
meeting  at  the  store  of  Joseph  Oppenheimer 
and  discussed  the  matter  of  naming  the  town. 


Cha-we-lah  was  changed  to  Chewelah,  and  the 
business  of  the  meeting  was  completed. 

The  third  store  in  the  place  was  opened  in 
1884  by  James  Graham.  Within  the  year  he 
was  burned  out.  Until  the  building  of  the  Spo- 
kane Falls  &  Northern  railway  business  enter- 
prises "lagged  superfluous  on  the  stage."  But 
following  the  completion  of  the  road  in  1889 
settlers  began  to  pour  in  and  the  town  to  build 
up.  During  the  early  days  "Father"  Eells,  the 
Congregational  minister,  so  well  and  favorably 
known  in  the  Colville  Valley,  and  who  did  so 
much  for  the  educational  interests  of  eastern 
Washington,  held  services  in  Chewelah  and  do- 
nated a  bell  to  the  first  church  established  there. 

Among  the  industries  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  Chewelah,  hay  undoubtedly  ranks  first, 
timber  second,  stock  raising  third,  these  fol- 
lowed by  mining,  marble,  etc.  The  incorpora- 
tion of  Chewelah  was  declared  January  26, 
1903.  Election  had  been  held  on  the  26th  inst. 
The  signers  of  the  petition  to  the  county  com- 
missioners were  D.  Van  Slyke,  F.  L.  Reinoehl, 
W.  W.  Dickson  and  sixty-one  others,  asking 
to  be  incorporated  as  a  town  of  the  fourth  class. 
The  following  officers  were  elected :  W.  W. 
Dickson,  mayor;  Fred  Kieling,  H.  E.  Mcln- 
tyre,  H.  T.  Spedden,  Henry  Pomeroy,  George 
H.  McCrea,  councilmen ;  H.  S.  Spedden,  treas- 
urer. 

The  Chewelah  creamers-  and  cheese  factory 
is  owned  and  operated  by  W.  B.  Stuart,  and  the 
plant  is  a  credit  to  the  town,  having  a  capacity 
of  5,000  pounds  of  milk  per  diem.  The  planing 
mill,  owned  by  Smith  &  Houston,  was  estab- 
lished early  in  1903.  The  company  supplies 
all  kinds  of  dressed  lumber  to  the  local  trade, 
and  a  large  planer  has  recently  been  received 
to  accommodate  the  shipping  demand  for 
dressed  lumber.  Stock  is  purchased  from  the 
local  mills.  Other  enterprises  are  a  brick  yard, 
lime  kiln,  bank,  brewery,  newspaper,  baken,'; 
fifteen  flourishing  business  enterprises  in  all. 
The    Yellow    Pine    Milling    Company's    mill. 


i6o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


three  miles  southwest  of  Chewelah,  employs, 
including  logging  crew,  twenty  men.  There  is 
a  large  quantity  of  standing  timber  tributary  to 
this  mill.  Following  is  a  list  of  promising 
mining  properties  now  being  opened,  and  which 
are  tributary  to  Chewelah  : 

Copper  King.  Eagle,  Widow's  Mite,  Rev- 
enue Group,  Jay  Gould,  Ben  B.,  United  States 
Gold  Mining  Company,  Windfall,  Single 
Standard,  Nellie  S.,  Juneau  and  Echo,  Moni- 
tor Group,  Mayflower,  Bird's  Eye  Group,  Bun- 
ker Mining  Company  Group,  Nevada,  Jolly 
Boy  Group,  Bay  State,  Lake  Shore  Group, 
Aetna  Group,  Helena,  Hartford  Group,  Aurora, 
The  Finley,  New  Era,  Dewey  Group. 

Some  of  the  richest  mines  of  the  state  are 
located  in  the  Chewelah  District.  In  past 
years  when  people  \vere  looking  for  free  gold 
the  mines  in  this  vicinity  were  "wild  catted," 
and  the  camp  acquired  a  bad  name.  Develop- 
ment is  now  being  resumed,  and  there  are 
rumors  of  the  establishment  of  a  smelter  at 
this  point.  There  are  three  churches  in  Chewe- 
lah, Congregational,  Catholic  and  Free  Metho- 
dist. The  fraternal  societies  comprise  the  Mod- 
ern Woodmen  of  America,  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows.  K.  O.  T.  M.,  Highlanders, 
and  G.  A.  R.  Chewelah  Camp  No.  7841,  M. 
W.  A.,  has  a  membership  of  54.  There  is, 
also,  an  auxiliary  camp  of  Royal  Neighbors, 
carrying  a  good  membership.  Chewelah 
Lodge  No.  176,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  instituted  in 
1 89 1,  and  has  a  membership  of  over  40.  Union 
Tent  No.  49,  K.  O.  T.  M..  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  strongest  lodges  in  the  town.  It,  also, 
has  a  ladies'  auxiliary  with  a  good  member- 
ship. The  Highlanders  erected  a  new  hall  in 
1903.  Union  Post  G.  A.  R.,  No.  70,  has  been 
organized  for  several  years,  and  now  has  a 
membership  of  less  than  fifteen.  The  post 
owns  its  own  hall. 

At  Chewelah  was  established  one  of  the 
first  schools  in  the  county,  and  at  a  period 
when  the  county  limits  were  vast  and  compre- 
hensive.    Here  was  opened  the  second  union 


high  school  in  Stevens  county.  In  1901  the 
district  was  bonded  for  $3,000,  and  the  money 
applied  to  the  erection  of  a  brick  building  for 
school  purposes  that  reflects  great  credit  upon 
the  community.  There  is  at  present  an  at- 
tendance of  131  pupils,  taught  by  five  teachers. 
Wednesday  evening,  November  10,  1903, 
the  Chewelah  Commercial  Club,  convening  at 
Van  Slyke's  hall,  elected  a  governing  board  of 
five  members,  viz  :  Dr.  S.  P.  McPherson,  W.  H. 
Brownlow?,  J.  F.  Lavigne,  Emanuel  Oppen- 
heimer  and  F.  L.  Reinohl.  A  committee  was, 
also,  appointed  on  highways  leading  into 
Chewelah. 


SPRINGDALE. 


This  is  one  of  the  towns  in  Stevens  county 
that  came  into  existence  with  the  building  of 
the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railroad  in  1889. 
Previous  to  the  completion  of  the  line  to  this 
point  C.  O.  Squires  homesteaded  the  land  where 
Springdale  now  stands,  and  the  first  building 
erected  was  his  saw-mill.  In  July,  1889,  Mark 
P.  Shaffer  and  Charles  Trimble  formed  a  part- 
nership, built  the  first  store  building,  and 
opened  a  general  mercantile  store.  Late  in 
the  fall  the  second  business  enterprise  was  pro- 
jected by  John  S.  Gray^ — a  general  store.  The 
third  store  was  opened  by  J.  H.  Keller,  March 
6,  1890,  and  he  is  the  sole  remaining  pioneer 
business  man  in  town. 

The  town  was  platted  by  C.  O.  Squires 
and  named  "Squires  City."  But  the  station 
was  recognized  by  the  railroad  company  as 
Springdale,  and  so  was  the  postoffice.  Here 
was  a  serious  complication.  A  majority  of 
the  citizens  desired  that  the  town  should  be 
christened  Springdale.  and  following  the  plat- 
ting, they  petitioned  the  legislature  for  a  change 
of  name,  which  petition  was  granted.  Among 
the  industries  hay  ranks  first.  Timber  takes 
its  place  a  close  second.  In  1890  occurred  the 
only  fire  of  any  consequence  in  town ;  the  hotel 
owned  by  Joseph  Cook  was  burned.  The  tovm 
was  incorporated  at  an  election  held  January- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


i6i 


26,  1903,  as  a  town  of  the  fourth  class,  and  the 
following  officials  elected :  I.  S.  Clark,  mayor ; 
J.  \\".  Gillingham,  Zell  Young,  J.  O.  Kennett, 
James  Key,  O.  T.  Smith,  councilmen;  J.  O. 
Cline,  treasurer.  The  population  of  the  town 
is  about  400.  From  this  point  the  famous 
Cedar  Canyon  mines  ship  their  ore.  The  only 
church  organization  in  Springdale  is  the  Con- 
gregational and  they  have  a  fine  house  of  wor- 
ship. Fraternal  societies  are  represented  by 
the  G.  A.  R.,  K.  O.  T.  M..  I.  O.  G.  T., 
M.  W.  A.,  Camp  No.  10606,  R.  N.  A.,  H  K. 
O.  W.,  L.  O.  T.  M.,  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
Springdale  Lumbermen's  Union.  Springdale  is 
supplied  with  excellent  schools  employing  three 
teachers.  There  is  a  stage  line  between  the 
town  and  Deer  Trail,  in  Cedar  Canyon.  The 
place  is  supplied  with  a  system  of  waterworks 
installed  in  1902.  The  water  is  pumped  from 
Sheep  Creek  by  means  of  a  hydralic  ram  to  a 
reservoir  located  on  a  hill  contiguous  to  the 
town.  The  plant  was  put  in  by  M.  Collins,  and 
was  afterward  purchased  by  P.  M.  Cartier  Van 
Dissell.  who  now  owns  and  conducts  the  same. 
Springdale  has  a  volunteer  fire  company  well 
supplied  with  hose  and  other  fire-fighting  ap- 
paratus. The  resources  upon  which  Spring- 
dale  draws  are  many  and  varied.  Among  ^ 
them  may  be  mentioned  the  Butte-Anaconda 
mine,  seventeen  miles  west,  but  which  is  not  [ 
shipping  ore  at  present;  D.  Merchant  &  Wil- 
man,  five  miles  west,  a  lumber  mill  shipping  } 
direct  from  Springdale;  a  number  of  contig- 
uous dairies;  Washington  Brick  &  Lime  Com- 
pany, next  to  the  largest  institution  of  the 
kind  in  the  state,  employing  fifty  men  in  the 
summer  and  thirty-five  in  the  winter  months, 
located  one  mile  east  of  town ;  brick  yard  within 
the  corporate  limits,  established  in  1903,  J.  W. 
Gillingham,  proprietor;  J.  E.  Craney's  log-  I 
ging  camp,  two  miles  west  of  town,  which  ] 
furnishes  logs  for  the  Sawmill  Phoenix,  of 
Spokane,  and  which  employed  300  men  during 
the  winter  of  1902-3. 


This  is  a  compact,  well-built  little  town  of 
about  400  inhabitants,  situated  twenty  miles 
north  of  Colville,  on  the  Spokane  Falls  & 
Northern  railroad.  In  1888,  at  its  inception, 
it  was  known  as  Young  America,  named  after 
the  Young  America  silver  mine,  which  was  a 
remarkably  good  paying  proposition.  Its  most 
prosperous  period  was  between  the  date  of  its 
fo-,nding  and  1892,  when  it  contained  a  popu- 
lation of  about  800  people.  A  stamp  mill  was 
put  in,  and  to  this  fact  is  due  the  change  of 
name  to  Millington.  Under  this  name  the  town 
was  platted,  May  i,  1893,  by  the  Consolidated 
Bonanza  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  through 
its  ofificers,  J.  E.  Foster,  president,  and  C.  H. 
.\rmstrong,  secretary.  The  town  was,  later, 
named  Bossburg,  in  honor  of  C.  S.  Bo^s,  one 
of  its  most  prominent  citizens.  In  1896,  owing 
to  activity  in  mining  and  other  industries,  the 
town  of  Bossburg  again  witnessed  an  era  of 
prosperity  which  continued  until  1900.  From 
1897  to  1901  the  Bossburg  Journal  was  pub- 
lished by  A.  A.  Anderson.  There  are  ex- 
cellent mining  prospects  in  the  vicinity  of  this 
town,  and  also  a  fairly  good  farming  country. 
Bossburg  exports  lumber,  wood,  lime,  ore, 
fruit  and  other  produce.  A  sawmill  and  lime 
kiln  afiford  employment  to  a  number  of  men 
here.  The  town  is  supplied  with  a  good  school. 
Congregational  church,  public  hall,  etc.,  and 
there  is  a  cable  ferrv  across  the  Columbia  river. 


The  present  population  of  Newport  is  in 
the  neighborhood  of  six  hundred  people.  It  is 
the  metropolis  and  principal  town  of  eastern 
Stevens  county.  It  is  important  because  it  is 
the  shipping  point  for  the  productive  Calispell 
Valley,  it  being  necessary  to  ship  via  Newport 
from  all  points  in  the  valley  to  a  distance  of 
sixty  miles  to  the  north.     It  is  surrounded  by 


1 62 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


an  extensive  lumbering  country,  and  is  known 
as  the  "Planing  Mill  Town."  Only  a  short 
distance  down  the  Fend  d'Oreille  river  are  ex- 
tensive cement  works,  of  which  a  full  descrip- 
tion is  given  in  another  portion  of  this  work. 
Ore  from  the  famous  Metaline  District  is  ship- 
ped from  Newport,  which  is  the  terminus  of 
a  line  of  steamers  which  ply  the  Pen  d'Oreille 
river.  The  Newport  building  boom  occurred 
in  1903.  An  electric  light  plant  has  recently 
been  installed,  the  power  for  which  is  ob- 
tained from  one  of  the  numerous  planing  mills. 
M.  C.  Kelly  built  the  first  store  in  Newport 
and  for  a  year  he  was  without  a  competitor. 
At  the  period  Kelly  run  up  his  store  he  thought 
he  was  in  the  state  of  Washington,  but  it  sub- 
sequently developed  that  he  was  in  Idaho.  This 
complication  is  explained  as  follows  by  the 
Stevens  County  Reveille,  of  Februar}^  14.  1901  : 
"The  town  of  Newport,  Idaho,  is  now  New- 
port. Washington.  An  official  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  by  the  scratch  of  a  pen  has  removed 
the  town  more  than  3,000  feet,  wiping  it  off 
the  map  of  Idaho,  and  placing  it  on  the  map  of 
Washington.  Just  why  this  was  done  does  not 
appear  clearly.  In  a  small  section  of  the  daily 
bulletin  of  changes  affecting  the  postal  service 
the  story  of  the  work  is  told  as  follows :  'New- 
port. Kootenai  county,  Idaho,  moved  3.175  feet 
southwest  into  Stevens  county,  \\^ashington.' 
The  deal  places  Newport  in  the  southeast  corner 
of  this  county,  and  gives  us  another  town  of 
some  little  size." 

At  present  the  postoffice,  depot  and  nearly 
all  of  the  business  houses  are  in  Washington ; 
the  docks  are  still  in  Idaho.  It  is  a  state-line 
town  in  every  sense  of  the  word.  The  church 
organizations  are  the  Congregational,  Metho- 
di.st  and  Catholic,  the  Congregationalists  hav- 
ing the  only  church  edifice  at  present.  The  town 
was  incorporated  .\pril  13,  1903,  and  declared 
a  town  of  the  fourth  class.  The  officers  elected 
at  the  time  of  incorporation  were  T.  J-  Kelly, 
mavnr:  S.  W.  Sutherland.  A.  \\\  McMorran, 
Evan  Enoch.  R.  P.  Scott,  H.  A.  Noyes,  coun- 


cilmen;  W.  E.  Talmage,  treasurer.  The  fra- 
ternal societies  comprise  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  M.W. 
A.,  and  Newport  Lumbermen's  Union,  No. 
332. 

ADDY. 

This  is  a  town  of  about  150  inhabitants 
situated  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  rail- 
road, fourteen  miles  south  of  Colville  and  nine 
miles  north  of  Chewelah.  While  Addy  did  not 
evolve  into  a  town  until  1890  the  site  is  one 
well  known  to  the  old  timers  of  Stevens  county. 
It  was  near  here  that  Tom  Brown,  now  of 
Chewelah,  located  with  his  family  and  run  up 
a  house  in  1854.  But  the  place  is  best  remem- 
bered as  the  site  of  the  Fatzer  grist  mill,  es- 
tablished sometime  in  the  late  70's,  and  patron- 
ized by  settlers  for  many  miles  around.  This 
mill  continued  in  operation  until  the  flood  of 
1894,  when  it  was  taken  out.  On  three  dif- 
ferent occasions  during  the  years  1892  and 
1893  the  mill  dam  was  destroyed  by  dynamite. 
Large  rewards  were  offered  for  information 
concerning  the  guilty  parties,  but  they  were 
never  apprehended.  In  July,  1890,  one  year 
following  the  completion  of  the  railroad,  George 
W,  Seal  and  E.  S.  Dudrey  formed  a  co-part- 
nership and  opened  a  general  mercantile  store. 
In  November  of  the  same  year  a  postoffice  was 
established  at  .\ddy.  and  IMr.  Dudrey  became 
postmaster.  This  firm  continued  in  business 
until  1896,  when  Mr.  Seal  purchased  his  part- 
ner's interest  in  the  store.  Two  years  later 
Mr.  Dudrey  opened  the  second  store  in  Addy. 
The  town  never  enjoyed  a  boom  and  its  growth 
was  gradual.  The  years  1898,  1899  and  1900 
were  prosperous,  for  at  that  period  the  Le  Roi 
mine,  at  Rossland,  was  experiencing  great 
activity,  and  .\ddy  became  one  of  the  principal 
shipping  points  on  the  railroad  for  produce, 
etc.,  to  the  mine.  The  principal  industries  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  town  are  lumbering,  marble 
and  agriculture.  Three  large  saw  mills  are 
operated  within  two  miles  of  town,  the 
Dearinger  &  Bruner.  the  Root  and  tlie  Spencer 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


163 


mills.  Three  marble  quarries  are  in  close  prox- 
imity to  Addy,  and  this  town  is  the  shipping 
point.  A  new  school  house  was  recently  com- 
pleted to  accommodate  forty  pupils  who  are 
now  in  attendance.  There  is  a  Methodist 
church  organization,  and  a  camp  of  the  Wood- 
men of  the  World,  the  latter  owning  their  own 
hall.  The  business  of  Addy  is  embraced  in 
three  general  stores,  one  meat  market,  one 
millinery  store,  one  drug  store,  one  blacksmith 
shop,  two  saloons,  one  livery  barn,  two  hotels, 
postoffice  and  depot. 

COLUMBIA      RIVER      VALLEY. 

Here  is  a  cluster  of  beautiful  little  towns, 
the  principal  industry  of  which  is  fruit  culture. 
Fruitland  is  in  the  southwestern  portion  of  the 
county,  contains  a  few  stores  and  postoffice, 
and  is  surrounded  by  arable  farms  and  stock 
ranches.  Bissell  postofBce  is  twelve  miles 
south  of  Daisy,  with  a  general  store  and  one 
hotel.  It  ships  from  Meyers  Falls,  thirty-five 
miles  distant,  and  is  on  the  stage  route  to 
Kettle  Falls  and  Spokane.  Waterloo  was  es^ 
tablished  in  1894;  thirteen  miles  southeast  of 
Harvey  and  nineteen  miles  south  of  Kettle 
Falls.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural 
country.  Rice  is  sixteen  miles  south  of  Meyers 
Falls :  is  supplied  with  a  fine  water  power, 
saw  mill,  one  general  store,  and  its  resources 
are  fruit,  grain,  lumber,  hay  and  produce. 
There  is  a  Baptist  church  organization.  Har- 
vey, located  in  the  Columbia  river  valley,  was 
settled  in  1883.  It  ships  from  Meyers  Falls, 
fifteen  miles  distant.  It  has  a  saw  mill,  flour- 
ing mill,  one  general  store,  and  is  in  the  midst 
of  a  fine  fruit  and  farming  country.  The  town 
exports  hay,  fruit,  grain,  produce,  lumber  and 
flour.  Azina  is  a  small  place  on  the  Colurhbia 
river,  fifteen  miles  south  of  Kettle  Falls,  in  a 
fine  fruit  country.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church 
organization,  and  the  postoffice  was  estab- 
lished in  1900.  Hunters  is  a  town  of  150  peo- 
ple, situated  in  the  fertile  Columbia  river  valley.  ) 


It  is  forty-three  miles  from  Meyers  Falls,  from 
which  point  it  ships  its  produce.  The  sur- 
rounding territory  is  devoted  to  stock  raising, 
and  gold  and  silver  mining.  Hunters  has  a 
saw  and  feed  mill,  three  general  stores,  Metho- 
dist church,  hotel,  and  a  cheese  factory.  From 
here  a  stage  route  is  extended  to  Kettle  Falls. 
Daisy  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  little 
towns  in  the  Columbia  river  country  of  Stevens 
court}-.  It  is  located  twenty-two  miles  from 
Meyers  Falls,  which  is  its  shipping  point.  It 
is  in  the  center  of  the  fruit  area  and  surround- 
ing it  are,  also,  some  eligible  stock  ranches.  In 
the  immediate  neighborhood  are  a  number  of 
promising  mining  properties.  Daisy  has  a  gen- 
eral store,  hotel,  Methodist  church  and  post- 
ofifice. 

CLAYTON. 

This  is  a  town  of  200  population  situated 
in  the  extreme  southern  part  of  Stevens  county, 
on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railroad.  It 
is  the  principal  manufacturing  town  in  the 
county.  It  came  into  being  as  a  municipality 
with  the  building  of  the  railroad  in  1889.  Clay- 
ton has  the  largest  brick  manufacturing  plant 
in  the  state  of  Washington — if  not  on  the 
Pacific  coast — the  Washington  Brick,  Lime  & 
Manufacturing  Company.  This  extensive 
plant  was  established  in  1893.  Four  years 
later  it  was  burned,  but  immediately  rebuilt. 
When  this  industry  is  running  on  full  time 
sixty  men  are  employed.  Another  concern  of 
importance  is  the  Standard  Stoneware  Com- 
pany, manufacturing  pottery.  This  was  estab- 
lished in  1 90 1.  The  Holland  &  Holland  saw 
mill  company,  beginning  operations  in  1894. 
employs  a  large  number  of  men.  The  mill 
burned  in  September,  1903,  but  was  at  once  re- 
built. Clayton  is  a  typical  manufacturing  town, 
and  as  a  shipping  point  it  ranks  above  many  of 
the  larger  towns  of  the  county.  It  is  supplied 
with  an  excellent  public  school  in  which  forty 
pupils  are  enrolled.  The  only  church  organi- 
zation in  town  is  that  of  the  Congregationalists. 


164 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


One  and  one-half  miles  frum  the  town  site  is 
the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church,  a  handsome 
edifice,  and  it  is,  practically,  a  Clayton  church. 
Tliere  are  three  general  stores. 

LOON    LAKE. 

At  Loon  Lake,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
county,  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  rail- 
road, forty  miles  from  Spokane,  is  located 
Stevens  county's  summer  resort.  The  town 
is  a  place  of  about  one  hundred  inhabi- 
tants, has  a  general  store,  three  hotels  and  a 
saloon.  The  lake,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant 
from  the  town,  is  a  beautiful  body  of  water, 
and  since  the  opening  of  the  railroad  in  1889, 
it  has  been  an  outing  spot  for  thousands.  For 
a  number  of  years,  D.  C.  Corbin,  who  built 
the  railroad,  owned  and  operated  the  park  on 
the  bank  of  the  lake  as  a  kind  of  picnic 
grounds.  Excursions  were  run  to  this  place 
every  summer  and  it  became  a  recreation  resort 
for  all  kinds  and  conditions  of  men,  women  and 
children.  The  park  is  at  present  owned  by 
Evan  Morgan,  who  purchased  it  from  Mr. 
Curbin  in  1897.  The  park  now  has  all  the  con- 
\eniences  and  comforts  of  a  modern  summer  re- 
sort, or  "breathing  place,"  and  the  location  is 
picturesque  and  attractive.  On  the  bank  of  the 
lake  is  a  spacious  pavilion,  where  guests  are 
entertained  during  the  summer  months,  and 
many  bathing  and  boat  houses,  from  one  of 
which  plies  a  pretty  steam  launch.  Lining  the 
bank  of  the  park  are  a  number  of  handsome 
summer  cottages  where  people  from  Spokane 
and  other  points  pass  the  heated  term.  Many 
acres  of  heavily  wooded  land  are  within  the 
limits  of  the  park,  especially  along  the  shores 
of  the  lake. 

One  of  the  principal  industries  of  Loon 
Lake  is  lumbering.  There  are  three  saw  mills 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  town.  The  ice 
business  is  no  unimportant  factor  in  the 
economics  of  Loon  Lake.  The  lake  water  is 
clear  as  crystal,  and  the  quality  of  ice  cut  there- 


from can  not  be  excelled.  Ice-houses  of  large 
capacity  line  the  shore  and  winter  employment 
is  furnished  many  men  in  this  industry.  The 
product  is  shipped  to  Spokane  and  other  towns 
within  an  extensive  territory. 

OTHER  TOWNS. 

Valley  is  a  small  town  located  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway,  thirty-one 
miles  south  of  the  county  seat.  While  the 
country  surrounding  Valley  is  one  of  the  old 
settled  portions  of  the  county,  the  town  was 
awakened  to  life  by  the  building  of  the  rail- 
road. It  was  platted  by  D.  C.  Corbin,  July  29, 
1891.  There  are  a  few  general  stores,  and  the 
inevitable  saw  mill.  The  population  is  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty.  Valley  is  developing 
into  quite  a  shipping  point,  and  in  this  particu- 
lar ranks  high  among  the  smaller  towns  of  the 
county.  One  of  the  principal  industries  is  the 
cutting  and  shipping  of  timothy  hay.  Other 
exports  are  marble,  onyx,  grain,  wood,  produce 
and  lumber. 

The  town  of  Boundary  was  highly  prosper- 
ous during  the  period  in  which  the  railroad  was 
building.  The  "boom"  lasted  six  months.  Col- 
onel Pinkston  was  then  the  most  prominent 
citizen  in  Boundary,  which  is  situated  one  mile 
south  of  the  international  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  British  Columbia. 
During  the  "boom"  the  town  gained  a  popula- 
tion of  1,200  people.  At  that  period  the  citizens 
led  a  most  strenuous  life,  and  the  place  gained 
a  rather  unenviable  notoriety  on  account  of  its. 
many  dance  halls,  saloons,  gambling  houses  and 
other  resorts  of  immorality.  With  the  decadence 
of  prosperity  the  residents  gradually  moved 
away,  many  of  them  to  Rossland.  The  build- 
ings of  Boundary  were  torn  down,  and  the 
lumber  taken  to  the  Canadian  town,  many  of 
the  first  structures  of  which  were  erected  with 
lumber  brought  from  the  sacked  town  of 
Boundary.  The  present  hamlet  consists  of  a 
postoffice,  a  small  store  and  one  family. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


165 


Orin  postoffice,  at  the  \\'inslo\v  saw  mill,  is 
four  miles  south  of  Colville.  The  town  of  Gray 
is  five .  miles  north  of  Springdale,  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway.  Here  are 
a  postofhce,  store  and  a  few  houses.  The  post 
office  was  established  in  190 1.  It  is  quite  a 
shipping  point,  with  an  adjacent  saw  mill,  and 
exports  considerable  hay.  Arden  is  a  station  on 
the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway,  six 
miles  south  of  Colville,  with  an  adjacent  saw 
mill.  Usk  is  a  small  town  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
river,  nineteen  miles  northwest  of  Newport. 
It  has  a  hotel,  creamery,  and  two  general  stores. 
The  town  was  platted  June  9,  1903,  by  George 
H.  Jones. 

Frontier  is  located  on  Sheep  Creek,  and  also 
on  the  Columbia  &  Red  Mountain  railroad, 
seven  miles  north  of  Northport  and  near  the 
international  boundary  line.  The  postoffice  was 
established  in  190 1.  M.  A.  Rush  is  the  home- 
steader of  the  property.  Frontier  is  the  ship- 
ping point  for  the  Velvet  mine. 

Rockcut  is  a  postoffice  on  the  Kettle  river, 
thirty  miles  northwest  of  Colville.  The  town 
was  established  in  1902,  the  point  immediately 
across  the  Kettle  river,  in  Ferry  county,  being 
the  terminal  of  the  Washington  &  Great  North- 
ern railway  for  a  few  months  at  that  time.  It 
has  one  store  and  a  postoffice. 

Marble  is  a  station  on  the  Spokane  Falls  & 
Northern    railway,    nine    miles    southwest    of 


Northport,  and  was  established  in  1898.  A 
saw  mill,  general  store  and  postoffice  are  located 
at  this  point,  which  is  also  accommodated  by  a 
row  boat  ferry.  Acorss  the  Columbia  river  is 
a  country  rich  in  mining  prospects  and  marble 
croppings. 

Ryan  is  a  postoffice  and  flag  station  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway,  fifteen 
miles  southwest  of  Northport.  This  town  was 
established  in  1896.  There  are,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town,  several  marble  quarries  and  many 
good  prospects.  There  is  a  saw  mill  two  or 
three  miles  south  of  town.  Here  there  is  a 
cable  ferry  across  the  river,  and  it  is  the 
shipping  point  for  ore  which  is  brought  across 
the  river  via  the  ferry.  The  town  is  named 
after  Daniel  Ryan,  who  homesteaded  the  prop- 
erty where  the  hamlet  now  stands.  There  is 
one  general  store. 

lone  is  a  small  place  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
river,  twenty-six  miles  northeast  of  Colville.  as 
the  crow  flies,  and  fifty-two  miles  northwest  of 
Newport.  The  town  was  settled  in  1894.  It 
has  one  general  store  and  a  hotel,  and  adjacent 
are  some  extensive  cement  works  and  marble 
quarries. 

Blue  Creek,  postoffice  and  station,  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railway,  is  seventeen 
miles  south  of  Colville.  It  has  a  saw  mill  and 
one  store.  Its  exports  are  lumber,  wood,  min- 
ing timber  and  produce. 


CHAPTER   VII. 


POLITICAL. 


The  political  history  of  Stevens  county  is 
decidedly  complex,  and  at  times  indefinite  and 
confusing.  This  present  condition  arises  from 
the  fact  that  political  records  of  eirlier  days 


have  been  loosely  kept,  or  not  collected  at  all. 
Representatives  to  the  legislature  have  been 
elected  and  not  seated ;  while  on  the  other  hand 
there  are  instances  where  thev  have  been  seated 


1 66 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


without  going  through  the  formahty  of  an  elec- 
tion. The  county  has  weathered  nearly  all  the 
changes  in  political  complexion  incident  to  other 
localities  east  and  west.  Clianges  from  repub- 
licanism to  democracy  have  been  sharp  and 
accentuated  by  the  elements  of  surprise,  and 
again  the  populists  have  developed  strength  to 
command  for  a  period,  the  distribution  of 
county  patronage  in  their  favor. 

Isaac  Ingalls  Stevens  was  the  first  Terri- 
torial governor  of  Washington,  appointed  in 
1853  by  President  Franklin  Pierce.  But  up  to 
i860  Stevens  county  had  never  been  represented 
in  the  Territorial  legislature,  nor  was  it  then, 
although  an  attempt  was  made  toward  such  a 
consummation.  That  year  some  of  the  settlers 
assembled  and  selected  H.  W.  Watson  as  the 
representative  from  Stevens  county,  made  up  a 
purse  for  his  expenses  and  dispatched  him  to 
Olympia.  Owing  to  the  irregularity  of  his 
election  Mr.  Watson  was  not  seated,  but  was 
given  the  position  of  door-keeper  in  the  house. 
An  account  of  his  subsequent  murder  while 
returning  home  from  Olympia  may  be  read  in 
Chapter  I.  Part  II,  of  this  work.  Until  1864 
the  territi  ry  embraced  by  Stevens,  was  known 
as  Spokane  county.  In  July,  1861,  J.  R.  Bates, 
republic;  ii,  was  elected  representative.  Bates 
was  the  first  man  seated  in  the  Territorial  legis- 
lature as  an  accredited  representative  from 
Stevens,  or  rather  Spokane  county,  jointly  with 
Wallu  Walla  county.  In  1862  Charles  H. 
Canfidd.  republican,  ran  for  the  legislature 
against  B.  F.  Yantis,  democrat.  Canfield 
received  48  votes  and  Yantis  38,  but  the  latter 
contested  the  election.  At  that  period  the 
family  of  Yantis  resided  at  Olympia,  and 
thither  he  went  to  pass  the  winter  with  them. 
Canfield  did  not  put  in  an  appearance;  the 
contest  went  by  default,  and  Yantis  secured  the 
seat,  serving  one  term. 

In  1863  and  1864  Isaac  L.  Tobey  was 
elected  representative  from  Stevens  county, 
Walla  Walla  having  been  cut  out  of  the  repre- 
sentative district.      In    1864.    for   some  unex- 


plained reason,  Tobey  resigned  and  no  one  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In  1865  W.  V. 
Brown  was  elected  as  representative  from 
Stevens  county,  but  did  not  take  his  seat,  which 
was  subsequently  filled,  in  1866,  by  J.  J.  H. 
Van  Bokkelem.  He  was  a  resident  of  Port 
Townsend,  coming  to  Colville  that  summer  as 
custom  house  officer.  When  he  concluded  to 
return  he  decided,  also,  to  represent  Stevens 
county  in  the  Territorial  legislature  and  draw 
the  mileage.  The  political  pathway  appears 
to  have  been  an  easy  one  in  those  primitive  days, 
and  strewn  with  roses.  There  is  no  record  in 
the  Colville  archives  of  Van  Bokkelem's  elec- 
tion, but  he  seems  to  have  made  a  persuasive 
talk  to  the  members  of  the  house  and  secured 
the  seat.  The  Territorial  legislative  assemblies 
then  became  biennial,  and  the  following  gentle- 
m°n  represented  Stevens  county  successively : 
W.  P.  Winans,  1867;  C.  H.  Montgomery,  1869; 
W.  P.  Winans,  1871.  The  councilmen  elected 
from  Stevens,  in  conjunction  with  other  coun- 
ties, were:  John  A.  Simms,  1861-2;  Daniel 
Stewart,  1863-4;  Anderson  Cox,  1865-6;  J.  M. 
Vansyckle,  1867-8;  H.  D.  O'Bryant,  1869-71. 
In  1873  Ml"-  Favorite,  of  Rosalia,  Spokane 
county,  served  in  the  legislature,  representing 
Stevens  county.  In  1875  Hon.  Robert  H. 
Wempy  was  elected  the  first  member  from 
Stevens  county,  which  then  embraced  Spokane, 
Lincoln,  Douglas  and  Okanogan.  D.  F.  Per- 
cival  and  L.  W.  Meyers  were  elected  county 
commmisssioners ;  James  N.  Glover,  justice 
of  the  place;  John  U.  Hofstetter,  sheriff.     In 

1877  Marcus  Oppenheimer,  republic-m.  an'l 
Henry  Wellington,  democrat,  were  opposing- 
candidates  for  the  office  of  representative  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  Territorial  legislature. 
Wellington  won  the  contest  but  resigned.     In 

1878  a  special  election  was  called  to  fill  the 
vacancy,  and  James  Monaghan  was  nominated 
by  the  democrats ;  D.  F.  Percival  by  the  repub- 
licans. The  contest  resulted  in  the  election  of 
PercivaL 

Nothing  of  great  political  significince  oc- 


I 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


167 


curred  in  Stevens  county  during  the  years  inter- 
vening between  1878  and  1889.  Admission  to 
the  union  as  a  state  was,  at  this  period,  loudly 
and  emphatically  demanded  by  the  people  of 
Washington.  July  4,  1889,  the  constitutional 
convention  of  the  state  of  Washington,  com- 
posed of  75  members,  assembled  at  Olympia. 
This  body  continued  in  session  fifty  days  and  the 
result  of  its  labors  was  the  adoption  of  a  con- 
stitution. S.  H.  Manly,  republican,  now  a 
practicing  physician  in  Republic,  Ferry  county. 
was  one  of  the  members  from  Stevens  county. 
W.  W.  Waltman,  democrat,  of  Colville,  was 
selected,  also,  as  a  delegate,  but  his  seat  was 
declared  vacant,  after  six  days,  and  J.  J.  Travis, 
democrat,  of  Chewelah,  was  seated  in  his  place. 
In  1890  a  new  apportionment  was  made  by  the 
state  legislature,  Washington  having  then  been 
admitted  to  the  union.  The  second  senatorial 
district,  acccording  to  this  new  apportionment, 
comprised  the  county  of  Stevens,  and  the 
following  precincts  in  Spokane  county :  Twin 
Prairie,  Five  Mile  Prairie,  Pleasant  Prairie, 
Chatteroy,  Bridge  and  Peone  Prairie.  The 
county  of  Stevens  constituted  the  first  repre- 
sentative district  and  was  entitled  to  one  repre- 
sentative. 

The  member  of  the  first  state  senate  from 
the  district  composed  of  Stevens,  and  portions 
of  Spokane  counties,  was  H.  E.  Houghton, 
republican,  a  resident  of  Spokane  Falls.  The 
member  of  the  first  house  of  representatives, 
following  the  admission  of  the  state,  1889-90, 
from  Stevens  county,  was  M.  H.  Randall, 
republican,  of  Colville.  In  1891-2  James 
O'Neil,  republican,  of  Chewelah,  was  elected 
state  senator  from  the  second  senatorial  district, 
comprising  Stevens  county  and  si.x  precincts 
in  Spokane  county.  At  this  session  of  the  legis- 
lature John  Metcalfe,  republican,  of  Squire 
Citv,  now  Springdale,  Stevens  county,  was  the 
representative  in  the  house.  In  1893  Charles 
H.  Montgomery,  of  Chewelah.  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  state  World's  Fair  commission. 

The  election  held  No\'ember  6,  1894,  proved 


a  surprising  victory  for  the  populist  party  in 
Stevens  county.  The  vote  for  representatives  in 
congress  was:  Samuel  C.  Hyde,  republican. 
618;  William  H.  Doolittle.  republican.  573;  N. 
T.  Caton.  democrat.  290;  B.  F.  Heuston,  dem- 
ocrat, 288;  J.  C.  Van  Patten,  populist,  841; 
W.  P.  C.  Adams,  populist,  818. 

The  vote  for  members  of  the  state  legisla- 
ture was  in  about  the  same  proportion.  With 
the  exception  of  sheriff  and  one  commissioner 
the  populists  captured  all  the  county  offices. 
Republicans,  democrats  and  populists  each  had 
nominees  for  every  office.  For  county  attorney 
Charles  A.  Mantz  defeated  L.  B.  Reeder, 
republican,  and  Jotn  B.  Slater,  democrat,  by 
154  plurality.  Lafayette  Ledgerwood  was 
elected  county  clerk,  and  George  F.  Bottoriif, 
republican,  and  A.  V.  Shepler,  democrat, 
defeated  by  a  plurality  of  169.  For  auditor 
John  S.  McLean  was  elected  over  E.  D.  Miner, 
republ'can,  and  W.  C.  Starkey,  democrat, 
receiving  a  plurality  of  1 50.  The  only  officers 
the  populists  lost  were  one  commissioner  and 
sheriff,  the  vote  for  sheriff  being :  J.  C.  Yenter, 
republican,  474;  C.  R.  McMillan,  democrat, 
671:  William  Graham,  populist,  640.  Joseph 
Lavigne  secured  the  treasurership.  defeating 
William  Campbell,  republican,  and  Frank  B. 
Goetter.  democrat,  and  receiving  a  plurality  of 
igi.  Otis  J.  Smith  received  a  plurality  of  62 
for  superintendent  of  schools,  defeating  John 

A.  B-irry,  republican,  and  Con  M.  Durland, 
democrat.  For  assessor  David  F.  Pankey  was 
elected  over  Frank  Ferguson,  republican,  and 
J.  F.  Jarvis,  democrat,  with  the  largest  plurality 
of  any  candidate,  240.  James  B.  Thomas 
defeated  Ralph  Damp,  republican,  and  Richard 

B.  Thomas,  democrat,  for  surveyor;  plurality 
67.  Louis  J.  Walford,  populist,  and  Robert 
Fountain,  democrat,  were  elected  county  com- 
missioners. James  O.  Gifford,  populist,  was 
elected  coroner. 

In  the  presidential  election  of  1896  the 
McKinley  electors  received  433  votes  to  1880 
for  W.  J.  Bryan.    For  governor  P.  C.  Sullivan, 


1 68 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


republican  received  537  votes  to  1774  for  John 
R.  Rogers,  democrat.  The  election  was  held 
November  3,  1896.  Three  tickets  were  in  the 
field  for  county  ofiicers,  republican,  populist 
and  union  tickets,  the  populist  ticket  being 
generally  successful,  the  following  being  the 
result : 

County  auditor — David  C.  Ely,  republican, 
440:  John  L.  Metcalfe,  populist,  962;  Robert 
Fountain,  unionist,  918;  Metcalfe's  plurality, 
44- 

Treasurer — James  N.  Rogers,  republican, 
425;  S.  S.  Beggs,  populist,  1139;  C.  S. 
Boss,  unionist,  764.     Begg's  plurality,  375, 

Attorney— E.  C.  Nordyke,  1062;  H.  G. 
Kirkpatrick,  1104.  Kirkpatrick's  plurality, 
42. 

Assessor — Kendrick  S.  Waterman,  repub- 
lican, 406;  D.  F.  Pankey,  popuhst,  1124; 
C.  A.  Duffy,  unionist,  794.  Pankey's  plurality, 
330. 

Sheriff — Fred  S.  Phillips,  republican,  383; 
E.  M.  Denny,  populist,  1058;  Frank  Habein, 
unionist,  913.    Denny's  plurality,  145. 

County  Clerk — Elmer  D.  Hall,  republican, 
354;  Lafayette  Ledgerwood,  populist,  1032; 
William  B.  Dingle,  unionist,  942.  Ledger- 
wood's  plurality,  90. 

Superintendent  of  schools  —  Evalyn  E. 
Church,  republican,  479;  Otis  J.  Smith,  pop- 
ulist, 1024;  John  A.  Barry,  unionist,  835. 
Smith's  plurality,   189. 

Coroner — Thomas  C.  Green,  republican, 
434;  J.  A.  Lung,  populist,  1064;  J.  J.  Travis, 
unionist,  799.     Lung's  plurality,  265. 

Surveyor  —  J.  B.  Thomas,  republican, 
1 281:  George  H.  Skeels,  840.  Thomas' 
plurality,  441. 

Commissioner,  First  District — Joseph  W. 
Reynolds,  republican,  643;  Harris  T.  Rey- 
nolds, populist,  993  ;  Fletcher  Barton,  unionist, 
667.     H.  T.  Reynold's  plurality,  326. 

Commissioner  Third  District — Jacob  Kel- 
ler,   republican.    443;    T.    E.    Irish,    populist. 


1095;    Orin    Belknap,   unionist,  753.     Irish's 
plurality,  342. 

In  the  general  election  of  1898  the  ticket 
was  headed  by  candidates  for  congress. 
Stevens  county  was  swept  by  the  democrats  so 
far  as  the  state  ticket  was  concerned.  The  vote  . 
for  representatives  to  congress  was  as  follows : 
Wesley  L.  Jones,  republican,  740;  Francis  W. 
Cushman,  republican,  697;  James  Hamilton 
Lewis,  democrat,  1169;  William  C.  Jones, 
democrat,  1082.  For  county  officials  the  tickets 
in  the  field  were  two,  populist  and  fusion ;  the 
fusion  being  between  republicans  and  demo- 
crats. This  contest  was  close  and  exciting, 
with  the  result  that  the  offices  were  handed 
round  between  the  two  factions,  as  follows : 

Sheriff — Elijah  M.  Denny,  populist,  1032; 
James  Ferguson,  fusionist,  1006.  Denny's 
plurality,  26. 

County  Clerk — Thomas  E.  Dulin,  populist, 
925;  W.  H.  Jackson,  fusionist,  1046.  Jack- 
son's plurality,  121. 

Auditor — James  W.  Sneed,  populist,  945; 
D.  C.  Ely,  fusionist,  996.     Plurality  for  Ely, 

51- 

Treasurer — Sydney  S.  Beggs,  populist, 
1039;  Frank  Habein,  fusionist,  950.  Pulrality 
for  Beggs,  89. 

Attorney — Merton  E.  Jesseph,  populist, 
898;  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick,  fusionist,  mo.  Kirk- 
patrick's plurality,  212. 

Assessor — George  Byers,  populist,  926; 
O.  T.  Smith,  fusionist,  1009.  Smith's  plural- 
ity 83. 

Superintendent  of  Schools — William  L. 
Sax,  populist,  1017;  J.  N.  Sinclair,  fusionist, 
951.     Sax's  plurality,  66. 

Surveyor — C.  N.  Park,  populist,  899 ;  L.  L. 
Tower,  fusionist,  1031.  Plurality  for  Tower, 
132. 

Coroner — Frank  R.  Ballard,  populist,  1041 ; 
Leopold  De  Rudder,  fusionist,  877.  Ballard's 
plurality,  164. 

Commissioner.   First  District — Henrv    W. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


169 


Sparks,  populist,  920;   W.  H.  Jeffreys,  fusion- 
ist,  961.     Plurality  for  Jeffreys,  41. 

Commissioner  Second  District — Charles 
Alban,  populist,  800;  George  W.  Reynolds, 
fusionist,  1124.     Plurality  for  Reynolds,  324. 

Returning  to  1892,  when  Stevens  county 
was  republican,  let  us  in  a  perfectly  unbiased 
and  non-partisan  manner,  trace  the  history  of 
the  various  parties  down  to  190 1.  In  1892  the 
republicans  were  generally  successful  over 
their  opponents,  the  democrats,  although  the 
populists  had  then  begun  to  manifest  consider- 
able strength,  backed  by  intense  enthusiasm. 
The  financial  stringency  of  1893-4  awakened 
a  general  clamor  throughout  the  United  States 
for  a  reversal  of  things  political  all  along  the 
line.  In  common  with  the  rest  of  the  country 
this  feeling  was  manifested  in  Stevens  county 
10  a  certain  degree,  although  with  no  more 
intensity  than  in  other  parts  of  the  union.  At 
this  period  the  administration  of  Stevens 
county  affairs  was  in  republican  hands.  In  the 
election  of  1894  republicans,  populists  and  dem- 
ocrats had  separate  tickets  in  the  field.  In  the 
contest  of  the  fall  of  1894  the  People's  Party, 
or  Populists,  were  eminently  successful,  and  it 
may  be  said  that  the  prestige  then  lost  by 
republicans  in  the  county  has  never  been 
regained. 

In  the  election  of  1896  again  three  tickets 
appeared  in  the  field.  It  -was  a  national  cam- 
paign year;  free  silver  was  the  dominant  issue; 
every  effort  was  made  to  unite  the  silver  forces, 
"but  the  populists,  relying  on  their  decisive  vic- 
tory of  two  years  previous,  repulsed  all  over- 
tures looking  toward  fusion,  and  put  a  straight- 
out,  middle-of-the-road  ticket  in  the  field.  For 
mutual  defense  the  democrats  and  free  silver 
republicans  effected  a  combination  under  the 
name  of  unionists  and  placed  a  union  ticket  in 
the  field.  The  gold  republicans  had  a  straight 
ticket  of  their  own,  although  perfectly  aware 
that  they  were  leading  a  forlorn  hope.  In  this 
sensational  election  L.  B.  Andrews,  republican 


presidential  elector,  received  in  Stevens  county 
433  votes ;  the  highest  vote  cast  for  a  republican 
elector.  On  the  democratic  side  N.  T.  Caton 
received  1880  votes;  a  majority  of  1319.  The 
vote  for  Caton  included  democrats,  populists 
and  free  silver  republicans;  they  having  com- 
bined on  state  and  national  issues;  the  same 
majorities  ruled  on  other  state  officers.  Coming 
to  county  affairs,  the  straight,  or  gold  republi- 
can vote,  ranged  between  400  and  500,  while 
the  populist  and  union  tickets  were  about  even, 
say  an  average  of  900  votes  each,  the  advantage 
being  slightly  in  favor  of  the  populists. 

Remarkable  features  embellished  this  elec- 
tion of  1898.  Chief  among  them  was  the  fusion 
of  gold  republicans,  silver  republicans  and  dem- 
ocrats, under  the  trite  name  of  "Citizens' 
Ticket."  Again  the  populists  jumped  into  the 
field  with  a  straight  ticket.  The  number  of 
votes  cast  at  this  election  in  Stevens  county 
was  about  1800,  or  nearly  500  votes  less  than 
had  been  cast  two  years  previous  in  the  "Bryan 
campaign."  Candidates  on  each  of  these 
tickets  were  elected,  although  the  advantage 
remained  with  the  "Citizens'  Ticket."  The 
second  remarkable  feature  of  the  campaign  was 
the  refusal  of  the  populist  auditor  to  place  the 
names  of  candidates  of  the  opposing  parties, 
"Citizens'  Ticket."  on  the  official  ballot.  Nat- 
urally this  created  a  storm  of  indignant  protest 
throughout  the  county,  and  it  is  frankly 
admitted  that  it  did  much  to  weaken  the  pop- 
ulist party  within  itself,  while)  more  firmly 
cementing  the  half-hearted  union  between  those 
strange  bed-fellows,  republicans  and  demo- 
crats. 

The  fusionists  who  were  frienedly  to  the 
"Citizens'  Ticket,"  appealed  to  Judge  Richard- 
son, of  the  superior  court,  asking  for  an  order 
compelling  Auditor  Metcalfe  to  place  the  names 
of  their  nominees  on  the  official  ballot.  Judge 
Richardson  decided  against  them,  and,  prob- 
ably, upon  good  legal  grounds.  Attorney 
Kirkpatrick,  candidate  for  presecuting  attorney 


[JO 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


on  the  "Citizens'  Ticket,"  wired  for  a  mandate 
from  the  supreme  court  at  Olympia  compelling 
Auditor  Metcalfe  to  place  the  rejected  names 
on  the  official  ballot.  The  mandate  was  issued. 
Acting  on  the  advice  of  his  attorney,  Frank 
Graves,  of  Spokane,  Auditor  Metcalfe  still 
refused  to  obey  the  mandate.  He  was  subse- 
quently cited  to  appear  before  the  supreme 
court  to  answer  the  charge  of  contempt;  the 
case  against  him  was  dismissed.  The  names 
of  the  nominees  of  the  citizens'  party  did  not 
appear  on  the  official  ballots. 

How  then  did  the  members  of  the  citizens' 
party  vote?  This  question  brings  us  to  the 
third  and  last  remarkable  feature  of  this  sensa- 
tional campaign,  the  use  of  "stickers"  by  those 
who  voted  the  "Citizens'  Ticket."  Although 
numerous  mistakes  were  made  by  this  bungling 
method  of  conducting  a  general  election,  it 
speaks  well  for  the  average  voter  of  Stevens 
county  that  in  a  long  list  of  offices  to  be  filled 
so  many  right  names  were  put  in  the  right 
places  on  the  ballots. 

A  comparison  of  figures  for  1898  shows 
considerable  change  in  the  complexion  of  the 
parties  of  Stevens  county.  Frank  W.  Cush- 
man,  republican  candidate  for  congress,  re- 
ceived 677  votes.  There  being  no  fusion 
between  republicans  and  democrats  aside  from 
the  county  offices,  this  vote  represents  the 
putative  strength  of  the  republican  party  in  the 
county  at  that  period.  J.  Hamilton  Lewis, 
Cushman's  opponent,  received  11 69  votes,  a 
majority  of  472.  It  should  be  remembered 
that  the  vote  of  1898  was  nearly  500  less  than 
in  1896,  yet  the  republicans  jump  from  433 
votes  in  1896  to  697  in  1898,  a  gain  of  61  per 
cent.  At  the  same  time  the  fusion  forces  drop 
from  1880  to  1 169,  a  loss  of  38  per  cent. 

The  fusion  of  democrats  and  republicans 
lasted  for  one  campaign  only.  When  party 
lines  were  drawn  for  the  momentous  cam- 
paign of  1900.  democrats  and  populists  fused 
all  along  the  line  under  the  name  of  "Dem- 


ocracy." Republicaiis  put  a  straight  ticket  in 
the  field.  The  vote  that  fall  was  the  heaviest 
ever  polled  in  Stevens  county.  On  the 
republican  ticket  the  highest  vote  polled 
for  presidential  electors  was  that  given 
S.  C.  Cosgrove,  1121.  N.  G.  Blalock, 
democrat,  received  1612,  a  majority  of  491- 
The  republican  gain  over  1898  was  424,  a  gain 
of  60  per  cent,  and  a  gain  of  1 59  per  cent,  over 
the  vote  of  1896.  The  democratic  gain  over 
1898  was  443,  a  gain  of  38  per  cent,  and  a  loss 
of  268  votes,  compared  with  1896;  a  loss  of  14 
per  cent. 

The  election  of  1898  gave  rise  to  a  number 
of  contests.  One  of  them  was  between  C.  A. 
Mantz  and  W.  C.  Gray,  opposing  candidates 
for  state  senator  from  the  second  senatorial 
district.  This  case  was  taken  to  the  state 
legislature  and  decided  in  favor  of  Mantz. 
Other  contests  for  county  offices  were  as 
follows:  Thomas  Dulin  vs.  W.  H.  Jackson, 
contest  for  clerkship;  C.  N.  Park  vs. 
Louis  L.  Tower,  contest  for  the  office  of  county 
surveyor;  J.  C.  Harkness  vs.  G.  M.  Welty, 
contest  for  representative;  H.  W.  Sparks  vs. 
W.  H.  Jefifry,  contest  for  office  of  county  com- 
missioner, first  district;  James  W.  Sneed  vs. 
D.  C.  Ely,  contest  for  the  office  of  county 
auditor;  M.  E.  Jesseph,  vs.  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick, 
contest  for  the  office  of  county  attorney. 

The  complaints  filed. with  the  various  con- 
tests were,  practically,  the  same  in  substance, 
and  after  setting  up  the  statutory  grounds  for 
contests,  went  on  to  state  that  in  all  the  precincts 
in  Stevens  county  circulars  containing  printed 
language  abusive  of  the  populist  party  and  its 
candidates  were  passed  out  to  voters  by  the 
election  boards,  and  circulated  in  the  voting 
booths  and  elsewhere  within  fifty  feet  of  the 
polls,  while  the  election  was  in  progress.  It 
was  also  alleged  that  money  was  employed  to 
influence  voters  against  the  populist  candidates, 
etc. 

In  January,  1899,  these  contest  cases  came 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


171 


lip  for  hearing  before  Julge  C.  H.  Neal. 
Previous  to  this  a  recount  of  the  votes  had 
been  commenced  and  was  under  way  at  the  time 
of  the  original  hearing  of  the  cases.  Many 
bahots  were  counted  whicli  were  protested  by 
either  one  side  or  the  other,  and  all  such  pro- 
tested ballots  were  filed  away  for  future 
consideration.  The  recount  gave  Ferguson  a 
majority  of  twelve  votes  over  Denny,  thus 
temporarily  changing  the  result  so  far  as  the  of- 
fice of  sheriff  was  concerned.  According  to  pre- 
vious stipulation  introduction  of  evidence  and 
arguments  of  counsel  became  necessary.  This 
had  occurred  previous  to  the  holidays,  and  the 
court  had  adjourned  until  January  3.  On  that 
date  the  question  of  counting  or  rejecting  such 
baltots  as  had  been  protested  w'as  taken  up  and 
considerable  evidence  introduced.  Arguments 
of  counsel  occupied  half  a  day.  The  decision  of 
Judge  Neal,  however,  gave  Denny  a  majority 
of  seven  votes  over  Ferguson.  The  other  con- 
tests instituted  by  defeated  populist  candidates 
were  all  dismissed  by  consent  at  plaintiffs' 
costs. 

The  presidential  election  in  Stevens  county 
in  1900  resulted  as  follows:  For  presidential 
electors,  republican,  1121:  democratic,  1612; 
l)rohibitionist,  38;  social  labor,  9;  social  demo 
crats,  29.  For  go\-ernor,  J.  M.  Frink,  republi- 
can, 987;  John  R.  Rogers,  democrat,  1743; 
plurality  for  Rogers,  756;  R.  E.  Dunlap, 
prohibitionist,  29;  William  McCormick,  social 
labor,  10;  W.  C.  B.  Randolph,  social  democrat, 
23.  Throughout  the  county  the  democrats 
swept  the  field  as  the  following  returns  will 
show:  Auditor — D.  C.  Ely,  republican,  1089: 
Richard  Nagle,  democrat,  1669;  majority  for 
Nagle,  580. 

Sheriff — Frank  Ferguson,  republican,  1244: 
Christopher  A.  Ledgerwood,  democrat,  15 18. 
Majority  for  Ledgerwood,  274. 

County  clerk — W.  H.  Jackson,  republican, 
1274;  Fred  Y.  Wilson,  1482.'  Majority  for 
\Vilson,  208. 

Treasurer — George  W.  Harvey,  republican. 


1083;  Joseph  L.  Lavigne,  democrat,  1668. 
Majority  for  Lavigne,  585. 

Attorney — John  A.  Kellogg,  republican, 
1 195;  J.  E.  Morris  Bailey,  democrat,  1568. 
Majority  for  Bailey,  373. 

Assessor — K.  S.  Waterman,  republican, 
1 187;  Marshall  B.  Jaques,  democrat,  1561. 
Majority  for  Jaques,  374. 

Superintendent  of  schools — J.  W.  Smith, 
republican,  1016;  William  L.  Sax,  democrat, 
1759.    Majority  for  Sax,  743. 

Coroner — M.  R.  Peck,  republican,  1185; 
Frank  R.  Ballard,  democrat,  1553.  Majority 
for  Ballard,  360. 

Surveyor — L.  L.  Tower,  democrat.  1688; 
J.  B.  Thomas,  independent,  418.  Majority  for 
Tower,  1270. 

Commissioner,  second  district — George  W. 
Reynolds,  republican,  1232;  J.  C.  De  Haven, 
democrat,  1522.    Majority  for  De  Haven,  290. 

Commissioner,  third  district — J.  T.  Graves, 
republican,  1049;  Thomas  E.  Irish,  democrat, 
1699.    Majority  for  Irish,  650. 

The  election  of  1902  revealed  a  marked 
change  in  the  political  complexion  of  the 
county.  There  was  no  democratic  landslide 
such  as  had  accentuated  the  election  of  1900. 
The  returns  tell  the  story. 

For  representative  to  congress  the  republi- 
can vote  ranged  from  1285  to  1304:  the  demo- 
cratic vote  from  1176  to  1194;  the  socialists 
from  312  to  316.  There  were  three  tickets  in 
the  field  for  county  ofiicers  with  the  following 
results : 

Sheriff' — Christopher  .\.  Ledgerwood,  dem- 
ocrat, 1 192;  Frank  Ferguson,  republican, 
1344:  C.  C.  Anderson,  socialist,  311.  Fergu- 
son's plurality,  152. 

County  clerk — H.  R.  Crozier,  democrat, 
1253:  F.  Y.  Wilson,  republican,  1260;  John 
O'Leary,  Jr..  socialist.  318.  ^^'il.son's  plurality, 
7- 

Auditor — Richard  Nagle,  democrat,  1353; 
I'red  L.  Reinoehl,  republican,  1223;  John  M. 
Smith,  socialist,  285.    Nagle's  plurality,  130. 


172 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Treasurer — George  W.  Seal,  democrat, 
1355;  J.  F.  Lavigiie,  republican,  1217;  Floyd 
C.  Smith,  socialist,  298.   Seal's  plurality,  138. 

Attorney — A.  J.  Fenandini,  democrat, 
1 122;  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick,  republican,  143 1; 
J.  C.  Harkness',  socialist,  301.  Plurality  for 
Kirkpatrick,  309. 

Assessor — A.  L.  Knapp,  democrat,  1330; 
Marshall  B.  Jaques,  republican,  1194;  E.  A. 
Vanslyke,  socialist,  304.  Knapp's  plurality, 
136. 

Superintendent  of  schools — F.  L.  Grin- 
stead,  democrat,  1365;  James  E.  Pickerel], 
republican,  1247;  W.  L.  Sax,  socialist,  i. 
Plurality  for  Grinstead,  118. 

Surveyor — Clair  Hunt,  democrat,  11 65; 
'vValter   L.    Brown,   republican,    1361 ;   W.    B. 


Stuart,  socialist,  306.    Hunt's  plurality,  166. 

Coroner — R.  D.  McRea,  democrat,  1320; 
J.  J.  Travis,  republican,  1171 ;  B.  L.  Brigham, 
socialist,  324;  McRea's  plurality,  149. 

Commissioner,  first  district,  Thomas  R. 
Major,  democrat,  12 16;  J.  M.  Fish,  republican, 
1309;  H.  T.  Reynolds,  socialist,  303.  Plurality 
for  Fish,  93. 

Commissioner,  third  district — George  H. 
Bobier,  democrat,  1203;  M.  C.  Kelly,  republi- 
can, 1327;  Zell  Young,  socialist,  307.  Kelly's 
plurality,  124. 

The  republicans  elected  the  state  senator, 
M.  E.  Stansel,  and  the  democrats  captured  the 
two  representatives,  Martin  J.  Maloney  and 
Jerry  Cooney,  the  latter  of  Springdale.  Mr. 
Maloney  resides  in  Colville. 


CHAPTER    VIII. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


One  of  the  most  interesting  subjects  in  the 
history  of  any  community  is  that  relating  to 
its  educational  matters,  and  this  is  especially 
true  in  the  case  of  Stevens  county.  From  the 
early  days  when  there  was  not  a  public  school 
in  all  the  vast  territory  then  known  as  Spokane 
county  to  the  present  time,  when  the  conipar- 
itively  small  territory  now  embraced  in  the 
boundaries  of  Stevens  county  has  107  school 
districts  and  school  property  valued  at  $71,605, 
and  when  thousands  of  children  are  daily 
pursuing  their  studies  in  its  public  schools,  the 
educational  history  of  Ste\-ens  county  proves 
an  interesting  study. 

However,  it  is  not  as  plain  as  an  open  book. 
Prior  to  1891  there  is  nothing  of  record  in  the 
office  of  the  county  superintendent  of  schools 


along  educational  lines.  In  the  early  days,  if 
the  county  superintendents  made  reports  of 
their  official  acts,  as  they  doubtless  did,  the 
reports  were  destroyed  and  no  public  record  of 
them  was  kept.  Even  the  names  of  the  gentle- 
men who  occupied  the  position  of  super- 
intendents of  school  are  not  to  be  obtained  with 
any  assurance  that  they  are  correct.  Among 
those  who  occupied  this  position  in  the  days  of 
the  county's  infancy  were  George  Taylor,  F.  W. 
Perkins,  David  Stuart,  Park  Winans.  Moses 
Dupuis,  John  U.  Hofstetter  and  James  Mon- 
aghan.  These  gentlemen,  and  possibly  others, 
presided  over  the  destinies  of  the  Stevens  county 
schools  from  the  formation  of  the  county  in 
i860  to,  187s,  but  the  dates  of  their  incumbency 
cannot  be  obtained. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


173 


To  Mr.  Francis  Wolff,  who  came  to  Stevens 
county  in  1856  and  who  for  nearly  50  years 
has  been  identified  with  its  growth,  many 
years  in  an  official  capacity,  we  are  under  obli- 
gations for  data  in  regard  to  the  schools  of  the 
county  in  the  pioneer  days.  Mr.  Wolff  informs 
us  that  the  first  institution  of  learning  in 
Stevens  county  was  established  in  the  year 
1856.  At  that  time  Angus  McDonald,  who  was 
head  trader  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  at 
Fort  Colville  (Kettle  Falls),  established  a 
private  school.  His  primary  object  was  the 
education  of  his  own  children,  but  several 
others  also  took  advantage  of  the  school,  prin- 
cipally children  of  the  employes  at  the  fort. 
A  teacher  was  hired  by  Mr.  ^IcDonald  and  for 
several  years  the  school  was  maintained. 

The  first  public  school  established  in  the 
county  was  at  Pinkney  City  in  1862.  The 
court  room  in  the  county  building  was  used  for 
a  school  room  and  the  first  teacher  was  Mr. 
Boody,  who  conducted  the  school  two  terms. 
Mr.  Boody  is  described  as  a  first-class 
instructor  "of  the  old  school,"  and  conducted 
the  county's  first  institution  of  learning  in  a 
manner  satisfactory  to  all  the  patrons.  There 
were  18  or  19  scholars  in  attendance  at  the 
first  term.  After  Mr.  Boody  retired  from  the 
management  of  the  school  others  took  up  the 
work  and  there  never  was  a  suspension  after 
its  establishment. 

The  first  person  to  occupy  the  office  of 
county  supereintendent  of  schools  was  George 
Taylor.  His  incumbency  appears  to  have  been 
of  short  duration  and  unsatisfactory,  as  we  find 
that  at  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  county  com- 
missioners held  on  January  15,  1863,  he  and 
F.  W.  Perkins  appeared  before  the  board  to 
contest  the  office  of  school  superintendent. 
They  both  made  their  plea  and  the  board  de- 
cided that  Mr.  Perkins  was  the  county  school 
superintendent,  "because  George  Taylor  had 
voluntarily   left  the   county,    had   never   made 


any  report  to  the  board,  and  was  not  in  the 
county  to  report  at  their  May  term  in  1862." 

Mr.  Perkins  then  presented  a  report  of 
what  he,  as  school  superintendent,  had  done, 
accompanied  by  maps.  The  report  was 
accepted  and  the  maps  approved.  The  board 
urged  Mr.  Perkins  to  advance  the  cause  of 
education  by  establishing  schools  in  all  the 
districts  of  the  valley  of  the  Colville. 

The  superintendent  found  that  owing  to 
the  thinly  settled  condition  of  the  valley  he 
would  not  be  justified  in  establishing  more 
schools,  and  so  stated  in  his  report  to  the  com- 
misssioners  at  their  meeting  on  November  2, 
1863.  He  further  advised  that  the  school  fund 
be  appropriated  to  the  building  of  a  jail,  as  no 
schools  were  wished  for  by  the  people  of  the 
valley.  This  the  commissioners  did,  and  it  was 
not  until  1872,  during  the  incumbency  of  Moses 
Dupuis  as  county  superintendenet,  that  this 
fund  reverted  to  the  use  of  the  schools. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  school  at  Pinkney 
City  was  the  only  public  school  in  all  the  vast 
territory  first  known  as  Spokane  county,  but 
later  as  Stevens  county.  This  was  the  only 
educational  institution  within  a  radius  of 
hundreds  of  miles.  Pinkney  City  was  the  politi- 
cal and  educational  center  of  a  territory  larger 
than  most  of  the  eastern  states.  In  1864  or 
J  865  the  county's  second  school  was  established. 
Quite  a  settlement  had  sprung  up  in  the  vicinity 
of  Chewelah  (then  written  Cha-we-lah)  and 
a  school  was  established  there  l)y  the  county 
superintendent.  ]\Iiss  Mary  Brown  being 
employed  as  teacher. 

The  next  school  established  was  a  private 
one  under  the  supervision  of  Father  Militry. 
The  father  in  1865  petitioned  the  board  of 
C(?unty  commissioners  for  permission  to  open  a 
ijrivate  school.  He  was  informed  that  the 
school  fund  could  not  be  used  for  any  other 
purpose  than  that  of  paying  masters,  or  pur- 
chasing libraries  and  instruments,  but  he  was 


174 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


advised  to  open  a  subscription  to  build  the 
buildings  and  that  the  county  would  petition 
the  legislature  for  the  right  to  use  the  fund  for 
the  benefit  of  the  school.  Whether  or  not 
Father  Militry  received  any  county  or  ter- 
ritorial aid  is  not  a  matter  of  record.  At  any 
rate  that  same  year  he  established  the  school 
and  it  continued  in  existence  two  or  three 
j'ears.  The  school  was  held  at  the  Catholic 
mission  near  Pinkney  City  and  was  taught  by 
the  four  sisters  at  the  mission,  who  adopted 
this  occupation  as  a  means  of  support. 

Two  years  after  the  beginning  of  the 
school  at  Chewelah  a  new  district  was  formed 
and  the  third  public  school  of  the  county  was 
established  at  Marcus.  During  the  next  decade 
the  growth  of  schools  in  the  county  was  slow, 
for  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1876  we  find 
that  there  were  but  seven  public  institutions 
of  learning. 

On  January  8,  1864,  upon  the  recommenda- 
tion of  School  Superintendent  F.  W.  Perkins, 
before  referred  to,  the  commissioners  took 
from  the  schol  fund  $600  with  which  to  build 
a  jail.  But  this  was  not  the  only  money  appro- 
priated from  the  school  fund  by  the  commis- 
sioners for  other  purposes  than  that  of  the 
maintenance  of  the  schools.  On  December  5, 
1865,  $444  was  taken  and  used  for  other 
purposes.  On  July  i,  1869,  the  commissioners 
appropriated  the  sum  of  $332  from  the  same 
fund  with  which  to  build  county  roads.  In 
1872,  when  Moses  Dupuis  became  school 
superintendent,  he  demanded  of  the  commis- 
sioners that  they  turn  over  these  different 
amounts  to  him  for  school  purposes,  together 
with  accrued  interest  at  ten  per  cent.  The  total 
amount  of  the  principal  and  interest  at  the  date 
of  his  demand,  May  8,  1872,  was  $2254.97. 
At  the  August  meeting  of  the  board  this  matter 
was  taken  up  for  consideration,  and  the  amount 
of  the  principal,  $1376.00,  was  ordered  trans- 
ferrred  to  the  school  fund.  The  auditor  was 
instructed  to  draw  54  county  orders  in  the  sum 


of  $25  each  and  one  order  in  the  sum  of  $26, 
payable  to  the  superintendent  of  schools,  and 
to  place  the  orders  in  the  hands  of  the  county 
treasurer  to  be  credited  to  the  school  fund  and 
subject  to  apportionment  by  Mr.  Dupuis.  Thus 
the  moneys,  which  had  been  irregularly  taken 
from  the  school  fund  in  the  earlier  days  when 
there  was  very  little  need  for  them,  were 
restored,  and  Mr.  Dupuis  was  enabled  to  do 
much  good  in  the  establishment  of  new  schools 
in  the  county. 

Mr.  John  Rickey  tells  some  pretty  good 
stories  to  illustrate  how  the  county's  educational 
matters  were  conducted  in  the  early  days  when 
the  pupils  were  few  and  far  between  and  when 
the  school  funds  were  being  used  to  build  jails 
and  county  roads  and  the  school  superintendents 
had  to  fight  for  these  funds.  Among  the  early 
superintendents  was  John  U.  Hofstetter,  who 
has  been  identified  with  the  history  making  of 
Stevens  county  from  its  organization  to  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Rickey  is  authority  for  the 
statement  that  one  day  during  the  incumbency 
of  Mr.  Hofstetter,  Father  Grassi,  a  Catholic 
priest,  came  to  the  county  seat  to  take  a  teacher's 
examination  from  the  superintendent.  The 
father  made  his  mission  known  to  ^Ir. 
Hofstetter. 

"Well,"  said  the  superintendent,  "you  know 
how  to  teach,  don't  you." 

The  priest  replied  that  he  thought  he  did. 
but  that  he  belie\-ed  it  was  customary  for  the 
school  superintendent  to  ascertain  this  fact 
Ijefore  the  teacher  was  allowed  to  enter  his 
duties. 

"Well,  vou  must  know  more  about  school 
matters  than  I  do." 

"I  do  not  know  that  I  do."  replied  the 
father. 

"If  you  hold  to  that  assertion.  Father  Grassi, 
I  cannot  issue  you  a  certificate  to  teach." 

The  candidate  for  a  teacher's  certificate 
took  the  matter  under  advisement,  reconsidered 
his  former  staten-.ent,  and  finally  admitted  that 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


175 


perhaps  he  was  better  informed  in  the  matter 
of  instructing  the  young  than  the  superinten- 
dent, whereupon  Mr.  Hofstetter  issued  the 
certificate  without  further  examination. 

Another  of  Mr.  Ricke)-'s  stories  is  to  the  ef- 
fect that  one  day,  during  the  reign  of  Mr.  James 
Monaghan  as  superintendent,  that  gentleman 
had  occasion  to  make  a  trip  to  Walla  Walla. 
He  had  progressed  but  a  few  miles  on  his 
journey  from  Fort  Colville  when  he  met  a 
young  man  named  Spangle  who  inquired  of 
Mr.  Monaghan  the  way  to  the  county  seat. 
Upon  being  informed  the  young  man  asked  if 
he  knew  the  superintendent  of  schools,  stating 
that  he  was  on  his  way  to  Fort  Colville  to  take 
a  teacher's  examination.  Mr.  Monaghan 
introduced  himself  and  proceeded  to  give  the 
young  man  an  examination. 

"What  per  cent  of  the  earth's  surface  is  land 
and  what  per  cent  water?"  asked  the  superin- 
tendent. 

The  question  was  answered  correctly. 

"What  positions  on  the  map  do  the  direc- 
tions north,  south,  east  and  west  occupy?"  was 
the  r.ext  question. 

This  was  also  answered  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  superintendent,  and  he  at  once  pro- 
ceeded to  fill  out  a  blank  certificate  he  had  with 
him  authorizing  Mr.  Spangle  to  teach  in  the 
county.  Mr.  Monaghan  then  proceeded  on  his 
way  to  Walla  Walla,  the  newly  made  teacher 
accompanying  him  as  far  as  his  home  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  county. 

The  report  of  County  Superintendent 
James  Monaghan  for  the  year  ending  December 
31,  1875,  is  the  earliest  report  in  anything  like 
a  complete  form,  and  proves  interesting  from 
the  fact  that  it  gives  a  clear  idea  of  the  condi- 
tions of  the  county  schools  at  that  early  date. 
From  Mr.  Monaghan's  report  we  learn  that 
there  were  319  scholars  in  the  county  and  that 
of  this  number  105  attended  school.  There 
were  five  school  houses  in  the  county,  but  seven 
schools  were  maintained  during  the  year.     For 


the  maintenance  of  these  schools  $850.57  was 
apportioned  by  the  county  and  $94.49  was 
raised  by  subscription.  The  report  further 
states  that  $945  was  paid  to  teachers,  which 
left  a  balance  of  six  cents  for  the  other  running 
expenses  of  the  schools. 

Mr.  Monaghan  further  reported  as  follows 
concerning  the  schools: 

"The  principal  books  used  are  Sanders' 
series  and  Davis'  geography.  Branches  taught 
are  reading,  writing,  spelling,  grammar,  geogra- 
phy, arithmetic  and  history.  Some  of  the  dis- 
tricts are  so  thinly  settled  and  the  school  fund 
so  small  that  it  is  difficult  to  give  all  the  chil- 
dren the  advantage  of  the  public  schools,  hence 
the  small  attendance  of  scholars.  But  the  de- 
sire to  promote  the  cause  of  education  is  steadily 
growing  stronger  amongst  the  people  of  the 
county,  and  there  appears  to  be  a  disposition 
at  present  to  increase  the  school  fund  by  private 
contributions  and  special  taxes,  especially  in 
the  sparsely  settled  districts,  that  will,  if  per- 
se\-ered  in,  give  better  facilities  for  all  the  chil- 
dren to  attend  school  than  at  present  exist.  I 
have  prepared  a  school  map  of  the  county  with 
district  boundaries  plainly  defined  in  the  alter- 
ing of  boundaries  and  establishing  new  dis- 
tricts. I  have  to  the  best  of  my  ability  arranged 
the  lines  for  the  benefit  of  all  the  scholars  re- 
siding in  the  county.  I  would  respectfully  call 
your  attention  to  section  7,  page  424,  school 
law  of  1873,  requiring  county  superintendents 
to  visit  all  the  schools  in  the  county  once  a  year, 
and  state  that  there  is  no  provision  requiring 
clerks  or  directors  to  notify  the  superintendent 
during  the  time  the  schools  are  going  on.  In 
a  county  like  this,  having  a  large  territory  and 
very  little  mail  facilities,  it  is  difficult  to  know 
when  a  school  in  a  remote  district  is  in  active 
operation.  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  re- 
spectfully, 

"Your  obedient  servant, 

"J.  Monaghan,  Supt." 

For    the    next    16    years  no    records    are 


176 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


obtainable  in  regard  to  the  school  system.  From 
the  report  of  Thomas  Nagle  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1 89 1,  we  leani  that  during  these  years 
the  schools  increased  from  seven  to  35,  and  the 
number  of  scholars  attending  from  105  to  743. 
Where  there  were  live  school  buildings  in  1875, 
we  now  find  23. 

In  his  report  to  the  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  of  Washington,  Mr.  Nagle  says : 

"Owing  to  the  fact  that  many  of  the  district 
clerks  have  made  incomplete  reports,  I  find  it 
impossible  to  make  mine  complete.  No  superin- 
tendent of  schools  can  live  on  $350  a  year. 
This  office  requires  all  of  the  superintendent's 
time  and  attention  in  this  county  and  the 
mileage  and  other  fees  will  not  pay  traveling 
expenses.  I  have  formed  ten  new  districts 
and  in  doing  so  was  compelled  to  travel  500 
miles." 

During  the  school  year  1891  there  were  in 
the  county  1557  children  of  school  age,  and  less 
than  half  of  these,  743,  were  enrolled  in  the 
public  schools,  the  average  daily  attendance 
being  444.  Ninety-six  resident  pupils  were 
students  at  private  schools. 

There  were  28  teachers  employed  during 
the  year.  None  of  these  held  state  or  ter- 
ritorial certificates  or  diplomas :  three  were 
accorded  with  having  first  grade  county  certifi- 
cates; sixteen  had  second  grade  county  certifi- 
cates and  nine  third  grade.  The  average 
monthly  salary  paid  male  teachers  was  $46.76, 
and  female  teachers  received  an  average  salary 
of  $46. 

Mr.  Nagle  estimated  the  value  of  school 
property  at  this  time  to  be  $10,298,  divided  as 
follows :  School  houses  and  grounds.  $8,620 ; 
school  furniture,  $1,098;  apparatus,  maps, 
charts,  etc,  $571.  There  were  no  school 
libraries  in  the  county  and  only  two  of  the 
districts  were  the  possessors  of  unabridged 
dictionaries. 

.\t  the  time  of  the  report  there  was  $5,000 
in  school  bonds  outstanding,  and  the  average 


amount  of  interest  paid  on  these  was  8  per  cent. 
No  insurance  was  carried  on  any  of  the  school 
property. 

There  were  35  districts  in  Stevens  county  in 
1 89 1  and  school  was  maintained  in  all  of  them. 
On  an  average  school  was  held  loi  days  during 
the  year,  and  of  the  35  districts  28  held  school 
at  least  three  months  during  the  year.  There 
was  one  graded  school.  Two  private  schools, 
employing  three  teachers,  were  in  existence. 

An  interesting  item  in  this  report  is  in 
regard  to  the  school  houses.  There  were  23 
in  the  county  and  of  these  14  were  log  struc- 
tures, eight  frame  and  one  brick.  Nine  school 
houses  had  been  built  during  the  year — six 
log,  two  frame  and  one  brick.  With  the 
erection  of  these  nine  buildings  during  the  year, 
there  were  still  12  districts  which  were  not 
supplied  with  buildings.  At  this  time  there  was 
only  one  district  in  the  county  having  a  bonded 
indebtedness. 

Mr.  Nagle  reports  that  he  organized  14 
new  districts  during  the  past  year  and  paid  90 
visits  to  the  schools  of  the  county  in  an  official 
capacity,  these  visits  including  all  but  four  of 
the  districts.  The  superintendent  stated  that 
none  of  the  districts  were  well  supplied  with 
apparatus  and  that  there  were  no  teachers' 
associations  maintained  in  the  county.  The 
following  financial  exhibit  was  included  in  the 
report  to  the  state  superintendent  of  schools: 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance  on  hand  in  the  county  treasury  June  30, 

1890,  to  the  credit  of  school  districts $  2,410  06 

Amount     apportioned    to     districts    by     county 

superintendent    9-499  7t> 

.Amount  received  from  special  tax 3-493  03 

Total   $15-40.2  85 

EXPENDITURES. 

Total  amount  paid  out  during  the  year $1 1,632  81 

Balance  on  hand  June  3,  1891 3-7/0  04 

Total    $15-402  85 

.\  number  of  institutions  of  higher  learning' 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


177 


have  been  established  in  Stevens  county  during 
the  past  ten  years.  Some  of  these  met  with 
flattering  success  for  a  time,  being  well  patron- 
ized by  students  and  in  a  financial  way,  but 
most  of  them  in  time  were  abandoned  for  lack 
of  funds. 

One  of  the  earliest  of  these  institutions  was 
the  Rochester  academy  at  Kettle  Falls,  which 
was  established  in  the  fall  of  1893.  The  Rev. 
Thomas  M.  Gunn,  of  Spokane,  synodical  mis- 
sionary of  the  Presbyterian  church,  was  the 
fiiunder.  A  committee  of  Spokane  gentlemen 
had  been  appointed  to  visit  the  town  of  Kettle 
Falls  and  inquire  into  the  feasibility  of  estab- 
lishing an  academy  at  that  place,  but  doubting 
the  advisibility  of  the  move,  the  committee 
declined  to  go.  This  aroused  the  reverend 
gentleman's  mettle  and  he  came  to  Kettle  Falls 
on  his  own  responsibility,  formed  a  stock  com- 
pany of  Kettle  Falls  people  and  in  a  very  short 
time  had  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  state  the 
articles  of  incorporation  for  the  Rochester 
academy  of  Kettle  Falls.  Those  who  interested 
themselves  in  the  enterprise  with  Rev.  Gunn 
as  incorporators  were  L.  C.  P.  Haskins,  C.  A. 
Phipps,  J.  J.  Budd,  P.  M.  Hacking  and  C.  H. 
Nelson,  all  of  Kettle  Falls.  Any  resident  of 
the  town  who  should  contribute  $100,  or  its 
equivalent,  and  comply  with  certain  other  con- 
ditions, was  entitled  to  membership. 

The  Hotel  Rochester,  a  62  room  building, 
■was  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  academy,  and 
on  November  27,  1893,  the  academy  opened 
with  50  scholars.  The  school  was  maintained 
as  a  christian  school  of  learning  for  the  educa- 
tion of  the  young  of  both  sexes  in  all  the 
English  branches,  sciences,  bookkeeping,  com- 
mercial law,  typewriting,  shorthand  and  the 
classics. 

The  officers  of  the  institution  were  C.  A. 
Phipps.  president:  L.  C.  P.  Haskins,  secre- 
tary; J.  J.  Budd,  treasurer;  The  school  was 
conducted  under  Dr.  Gunn's  personal  care,  as 
financial  agent  and  adviser,  and  he  had  associ- 


ated with  him  as  instructors  William  Chalmers 
Gunn,  A.  B.,  professor  of  classics  and  sciences ; 
J.  M.  Powell,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
English  and  penmanship;  and  a  competent 
matron  in  charge  of  the  girls'  dormitory. 
Pupils  were  received  at  any  time  and  board, 
room  and  tuition  were  provided  at  the  remark- 
ably low  figure  of  $20  per  month. 

After  continuing  for  a  period  of  one  year 
the  Rochester  academy,  owing  to  a  lack  of 
support,  was  discontinued. 

Considerable  improvement  was  noted  in  the 
condition  of  the  public  schools  of  Stevens 
county  during  the  year  1894,  notwithstanding 
the  prevailing  hard  times.  M.  B.  Grieve  was 
county  superintendent  during  1893  ^nd  1894 
and  in  his  report  for  the  latter  year  he  said  that 
there  had  been  more  than  the  usual  interest 
taken  in  the  schools  by  parents,  pupils  and 
officers,  and  the  average  school  term  increased 
from  3M  months  to  4%  months.  The  districts 
were  supplied  with  better  school  houses,  furni- 
ture and  apparatus,  and  a  better  grade  of 
teachers  were  employed  than  formerly.  Mr. 
Grieve  stated  that  the  only  thing  lacking  was 
money.  Five  new  districts  were  organized 
during  the  year  and  17  school  houses  were 
erected. 

In  1895  there  was  established  in  Colville 
a  school  known  as  the  Northeastern  A\''ash- 
ington  academy.  A  stock  company  composed 
of  Colville  people,  and  of  whom  Prof.  Pickerell 
and  C.  M.  Durland  were  the  principal  stock- 
holders, was  formed.  A  commercial  course 
was  taught,  embracing  shorthand,  bookkeeping 
and  commercial  law. 

On  Monday  morning,  April  8,  the  first 
term  was  begun,  the  Colville  public  school 
building  being  the  temporary  home  of  the 
academy.  Thirty-five  scholars  were  present  on 
the  opening  day  and  the  attendance  rapidly 
increased  until  70  students  were  in  regular 
attendance.  Beginning  the  school  at  this  season 
of  the  year  was  a  "trial  trip,"  but  the  prospects 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


seemed  bright  for  the  success  of  the  academy. 
A  tuition  fee  of  $2  per  month  was  fixed  for  all 
the  branches  taught.  Prof  Pickerell,  who 
graduated  from  the  Uuiversity  at  Valparaiso, 
Ind.,  in  1888,  and  who  for  some  time  was 
principal  of  the  Colville  public  schools,  became 
the  principal  of  the  new  schools,  and  had 
associated  with  him  as  instructors  C.  M. 
Durland  and  Mrs.  Tolton. 

Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  North- 
eastern Washington  academy  the  third  of  the 
Rickey  block  was  secured  for  school  purposes. 
Notwithstanding  the  bright  prospects  of  the 
school  at  the  start,  the  venture  proved  a  losing 
investment  to  its  promoters  and  in  1896,  after 
one  year  of  life,  it  was  discontinued,  and  the 
school  furniture  and  apparatus  was  purchased 
by  the  Eells  academy,  which  was  organized 
the  following  year. 

The  "hard  times"  seriously  hampered  the 
public  schools  of  Stevens  county.  County 
Superintendent  O.  J.  Smith,  in  his  report  for 

1895.  says  in  part:  "The  greatest  drawback 
is  the  large  amount  of  delinquent  taxes,  occa- 
sioned by  the  financial  depression,  and  the 
consequent  shortage  of  funds.  With  72 
districts  in  the  county,  68  maintaining  school 
last  year,  we  received  but  $7,307.98  from  the 
general  fund  for  the  year  just  closed." 

Pephaps  the  most  important  of  the  private 
schools  that  have  been  established  in  Stevens 
county  was  Eells  academy  at  Colville,  and  its 
history  is  well  worth  considering  at  some  length. 
In  1896  there  was  no  high  school  in  Stevens 
county,  and  it  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
young  people  could  not  receive  better  than  a 
common  school  education  in  the  county  that 
the  institution  was  founded. 

The  first  movement  toward  the  establish- 
ment of  the  academy  was  made  on  March  25, 

1896.  Rev.  A.  J.  Bailey  of  Seattle,  Rev.  T.  W. 
Walters  of  Colfax,  Rev.  William  Davies  and 
Rev.  E.  J.  Singer  of  Spokane,  all  Congrega- 
tional ministers,  met  in  Colville  with  Rev.  T. 


G.  Lewis,  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church, 
for  the  purpose  of  holding  a  fellowship  meeting. 
A  large  congregation  was  at  the  meeting,  where 
eloquent  addresses  were  made  by  the  clergymen 
and  animated  speeches  by  the  citizens,  in  which 
the  crying  need  of  a  high  school  for  the  young 
people  of  the  county  was  declared.  That 
evening  is  was  decided  to  found  a  christian 
institution  at  Colville  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Congregational  society. 

No  time  was  lost  in  carrying  out  the 
decision  of  the  gentlemen  who  were  so  enthusi- 
astic in  the  matter  and  the  following  morning  a 
meeting  was  held  at  which  the  trustees,  advisory 
board  and  building  committee  were  appointed. 
It  was  decided  to  name  the  institution  Eells 
academy  in  honor  of  Cushman  Eells,  known  so 
well  and  respected  so  highl)'  throughout  the 
valley.  One  thousand,  two  hundred  and  thirty- 
seven  dollars,  including  work  and  material,  was 
immediately  subscribed  for  the  erection  of  the 
school  building.  John  U.  Hofstetter  and  L.  J. 
Wolfard  generously  gave  the  building  site, 
over  three  acres  of  land  beautifully  situated 
on  the  hillside  in  the  western  part  of  the  town 
of  Colville.  On  the  4th  day  of  October,  1896, 
Eells  Academy  opened  with  about  twenty 
pupils  and  three  teachers.  E.  S.  Woodcock 
was  principal.  Miss  Boss  assistant  and  Miss 
Cobleigh  musical  instructor.  For  the  first  two 
terms  the  school  was  held  in  the  two  lower  floors 
of  the  Colville  hotel  building.  They  were  not 
at  all  adapted  to  school  purposes,  consequently 
most  uncomfortable  and  inconvenient.  This 
was  a  trying  period  for  Eells"  Academy  and  it 
was  often  referred  to  in  after  years  as  the 
"Valley  Forge"  of  that  institution.  For  the 
beginning  of  the  spring  term  of  the  second  year 
the  academy  building  was  completed.  Miss 
Boss  resigned  her  position  and  the  vacancy  was 
filled  by  Mr.  Howard.  In  October,  1897, 
another  change  took  place  in  the  school.  Mr. 
Davis  assumed  charge  of  the  academy  and  was 
assisted  by  Mr.  Kieman. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


179 


With  the  opening  of  school  October  6, 
there  were  enrolled  only  thirteen  pupils,  but 
during  the  winter  term  method  classes  were 
originated  for  the  benefit  of  teachers,  and 
several  of  the  best  instructors  of  the  county 
availed  themselves  of  the  opportunity,  and  the 
enrollment  reached  forty-six.  In  the  spring 
the  attendance  became  lighter.  Thus  the  school 
founded  in  honor  of  that  venerable  preacher 
and  educator,  "Father"  Eells,  struggled  on  for 
four  years  to  its  first  commencement.  Tuesday 
evening,  June  12,  1900,  marked  the  close  of  the 
first  four  years  of  the  Eells  Academy  work. 
A  class  of  four,  the  Misses  Flora  Aimee  Dingle 
and  Charlotte  Rosaline  Wolff  in  the  scientific 
course,  and  George  Stitzel  Backus  and  David 
Hughes  Lewis  in  the  special  course,  having 
completed  the  studies  prescribed,  were  grad- 
uated with  the  highest  honors. 

The  next  year  was  a  trying  one  for  Eells 
Academy.  Debts  were  piling  up  and  the  pros- 
pect was  not  bright  for  the  academy's  contin- 
uance. Heretofore  the  citizens  of  Colville  and 
vicinity  had  subscribed  various  amounts  to 
make  up  deficiencies  in  the  finances  of  the 
school.  This  year  the  local  members  of  the 
board  individually  resolved  to  close  the  academy 
and  dispose  of  the  property  to  the  school 
district  unless  the  academy  was  accorded  some 
substantial  aid  from  abroad.  A  meeting  was 
held  in  July,  1901,  by  the  trustees  and  it  was 
finally  decided  to  continue  the  school.  In  one 
week  funds  were  subscribed  to  pay  off  the 
indebtedness,  and  it  was  decided  to  open  the 
academy  in  September.  S.  B.  L.  Penrose, 
president  of  Whitman  College,  was  made  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  as  was  also 
Jerry  Cooney,  of  Springdale.  With  the  assur- 
ance of  active  outside  interest  in  the  welfare  of 
Eells  Academy  the  outlook  at  the  beginning  of 
the  September  term,  in  1901,  was  better  than 
at  any  time  since  the  institution  was  established. 
At  the  head  of  the  institution  during  the  last 


year  of  its  life  were  Mr.  Dow,  a  graduate  of 
Oberlin,  and  Mr.  Rode,  who  had  been  grad- 
uated from  an  Illinois  college  and  taken  his 
A.  M.  degree  at  Columbia.  They  worked  hard 
for  the  school  at  great  personal  sacrifice  and  did 
much  to  maintain  the  high  standard  of  excel- 
lence of  the  school. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  of  1901  efforts 
were  made  to  secure  aid  for  the  school  from 
the  Congregational  Educational  Society  of 
Boston,  and  from  the  churches  of  eastern  Wa;sh- 
ington.  A  meeting  of  importance  to  the  future 
of  '  the  academy  was  held  in  Spokane  in 
December.  There  were  present  Revs.  George 
R.  Wallace,  F.  W.  Walters,  F.  V.  Hoyt  and 
Clarence  Ross  Gale,  of  Spokane,  Rev.  S.  G. 
Krause,  of  Hillyard,  Rev.  J.  Owens,  of  Mullan, 
Idaho,  W.  H.  Short,  of  Deer  Park,  S.  B.  L. 
Penrose,  of  Walla  Walla,  and  J.  T.  Percival, 
of  Spokane.  The  situation  and  prospects  were 
discussed  and  a  memorial  was  drawn  up  and 
signed  calling  upon  the  Congregational  Educa- 
tional Society  and  the  churches  of  eastern 
Washington  to  come  to  the  aid  of  the  academy. 
Some  assistance  was  received  but  not  sufficient 
to  warrant  a  continuance  of  the  school,  and  it 
was  closed. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  in  Colville  and 
district  36,  north  of  that  city  in  April,  1902, 
the  proposition  of  forming  a  union  high  school 
carried.  Colville  also  voted  to  purchase  the 
property  of  Eells  Academy,  including  about 
three  acres  of  land,  the  two-story  frame  scho6l 
building,  library,  school  furniture,  etc.  Thus 
after  six  years  of  the  hardest  kind  of  a  struggle 
Eells  Academy  went  under.  The  people  of 
Colville  loyally  supported  the  institution  from 
first  to  last  and  many  of  the  instructors  per- 
formed their  duties  at  great  personal  sacri- 
fice. With  commensurate  assistance  from  out- 
side sources  the  school  would  have  been  an 
institution  to  point  to  with  pride. 

The  year   1897  witnessed  greater  activity 


i8o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  educational  matters  in  Stevens  county  than 
for  many  years.  Bossburg  and  Northport 
fuund  it  necessary  to  build  new  .school  houses 
on  account  of  increased  patronage,  and  for  the 
same  reason  the  capacity  of  the  Colville  public 
schools  was  doubled.  The  Eells  Academy 
reopened  under  a  new  management  that  year, 
and  all  over  the  county  interest  in  educational 
matters  was  manifest.  Another  academy  was 
established  in  Stevens  county  in  1898.  The 
Columbia  Academy,  an  Adventist  school, 
opened  its  doors  at  Kettle  Falls  that  year.  A 
building  combining  a  church  and  school  was 
erected  and  for  four  years  the  school  continued. 
During  the  first  two  years  the  attendance  was 
light,  Ixit  later  the  school  met  with  better 
success  and  there  was  a  liberal  attendance. 
Miss  P.eith  was  principal  in  1899,  I.  C.  Colcord 
in  1900  and  James  Barclay  in  1901. 

:\Iay  iS,  1900,  was  the  date  of  the  fiirst 
commencement  ever  held  in  Stevens  county. 
At  that  time  a  class  of  fourteen  completed  the 
grammar  school  work  of  the  Colville  public 
school,  and  were  presented  their  diplomas. 
The  salutatory  address  was  given  by  Miss  Mary 
Surig,  and  George  Zent  delivered  the  valedic- 
tory address.  The  same  year  witnessed  the 
establishment  of  the  first  high  school  in  the 
county.  Colville  has  the  honor  of  being  the 
initial  town  to  organize  a  school  in  which  were 
taught  higher  branches  than  the  common 
school  afford.  Only  the  first  year's  course  of 
high  school  work  was  established  at  the  time, 
but  later  a  second  years'  course  was  added. 

The  report  of  County  Superintendent  W. 
L.  Sax  for  the  school  year  ending  June  30, 
1903,  contains  many  items  of  interest  in  regard 
to  the  standing  of  the  public  schools  of  Stevens 
county  at  the  present  time.  The  total  number 
of  children  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty- 
one  years  residing  in  the  county  was  4,483,  and 
of  this  number  3,743  were  enrolled  in  the 
county's  schools,  the  average  daily  attendance 
being  2,289.     On  an  average  school  was  main- 


tained six  and  one-quarter  months  during  the 
year.  One  hundred  and  twenty  teachers  were 
employed.  The  average  monthly  salary  of 
male  teachers  was  $51.50;  female,  $48.75. 
During  the  year  eighty-five  pupils  were  grad- 
uated from  the  common  schools  of  the  county. 
Two  log  and  seven  frame  school  houses  were 
built  during  the  year;  making  a  total  in  the 
county  of  ninety-four — twenty-seven  log  struc- 
tures and  sixty-five  frame  and  two  brick.  The 
estimated  value  of  these  buildings,  including 
the  grounds,  is  $53,055,  and  they  have  a  seating 
capacity  of  4,058.  Mr.  Sax  estimates  the  value 
of  all  the  county's  school  property,  including 
buildings,  grounds,  furniture,  apparatus,  maps, 
charts,  libraries,  etc.,  at  $71,605,  and  the  prop- 
erty is  covered  by  insurance  to  an  amount  of 
$21,850. 

There  are  at  this  date  107  school  districts 
in  the  county,  of  which  ele\fen  were  organized 
during  the  past  year.  Six  of  these  districts, 
furnish  free  text-books  to  the  scholars.  Thir- 
teen of  the  districts  have  no  school  houses.  The 
number  of  teachers  that  would  be  required  to 
conduct  all  the  schools  of  the  county,  were  they 
in  session  at  the  same  time,  is  one  hundred  and 
twenty-six.  Four  of  the  county's  instructors 
hold  state  certificates,  eight  have  elementary  cer- 
tificates from  the  normal  department  of  the 
State  University,  twelve  have  first  grade  county 
certificates,  thirty-six  second  grade  and  twenty- 
one  third  grade.  The  following  is  an  exhibit 
of  the  schools'  finances  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1903 : 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance   in  hands   of   county   treasurer  July    I, 

1902,  to  credit  of  school  districts $24,901  8i 

Amount  apportioned  to  districts  by  county  sup- 
erintendent— state  funds 32,873  34 

Apportioned  from  county  funds 5,771  39 

Amount    received    from    roads    having    special 

levy   18,142  02 

.\mount  received  from  sale  of  bonds 5,300  00 

.\mount   received   from   others    sources i, 443  93 

Total   $88,432  49 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


EXPENDITURES. 

Teachers  wages   $28,592  30 

Rents,  repairs,  fuel,  etc 6,460  35 

Sites,  buildings,  furniture,  apparatus,  libraries  11,978  78 

Interest  on  bonds   2,276  62 

Interest  on  warrants   1,920  93 

Redemption  of  bonds  3,400  00 

Amount    on    all    other    funds    paid,    including 

funds  transferred  to  other  districts 683  25 

Total  paid  out  SS,3i2  23 

Balance  on  hand  June  30,  1903 33,120  26 

Total   $88,432  49 


Graded  schools  are  maintained  at  Colville, 
Springdale,  Chewelah,  Northport,  Newport, 
Kettle  Falls  and  Meyers  Falls.  At  Colville  on 
September  3,  1900,  the  first  high  school  in  the 
county  began.  Only  the  ninth  grade  was  or- 
ganized at  that  time,  but  later  the  tenth,  or 
second  year  in  the  high  school,  was  added.  At 
Northport  and  Chewelah  the  first  year's  high 
school  course  is  maintained. 

The  first  teachers'  institute  convened  at  Col- 


ville on  July  9,  1890,  with  only  ten  teachers  in 
attendance.  Since  that  time  much  interest  has 
been  taken  in  these  training  schools  and  they 
have  come  to  be  considered  essentials  of  the 
teacher's  work.  Institutes  have  been  held  in 
1891,  1892,  1893,  1894,  1899,  1900,  1902  and 
1903.  During  the  past  few  years  there  has 
been  much  interest  taken  in  the  matter  of  school 
libraries.  As  late  as  1891  we  find  that  there 
was  not  a  school  in  the  county  supplied  with 
a  library.  In  fact  the  superintendent's  report 
for  that  year  states  that  there  were  but  two 
districts  in  the  county  having  unabridged  dic- 
tionaries. Since  that  time,  however,  there  have 
been  rapid  strides  in  the  way  of  procuring 
school  libraries.  We  find  that  in  1903  there  are 
2,059  volumes  in  the  libraries  of  Stevens 
county's  public  schools,  an  increase  of  594  vol- 
umes over  the  previous  year.  The  districts 
maintaining  the  largest  libraries  are  Colville, 
300;  White  Lake,  157;  Springdale,  107;  Union 
Falls,  150;  Bossburg,  109;  Northport,  108; 
Marcus,  116;  Clark's  Lake,  107. 


HENRY    WEATHERWAX. 


HENRY    KELLER. 


RICHARD    P.  SCOTT. 


CLARENCE    E.    ROSS. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

STEVENS  COUNTY 


HENRY  WEATHERWAX.  Among 
Stevens  county's  most  wealthy  and  influential 
stock  men  and  agriculturists  is  tlie  subject  of 
this  article.  He  is  also  one  of  tlie  earliest  pio- 
neers and  his  people  were  the  first  white  lamily 
to  settle  scuth  from  Chewelah.  Since  those 
early  days,  Mr.  Weatherwax  has  devoted  him- 
self steadily  to  business  and  has  been  blessed 
with  the  prosperity  that  belongs  to  industry  and 
wisdom.  He  located  a  squatter's  claim  on  a 
piece  of  land,  the  right  to  which  he  had  pur- 
chased from  the  last  settler  and  which  he  later 
homesteaded.  To  this  he  added  by  purchase 
until  he  now  has  seven  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
of  first  class  land.  Five  hundred  acres  of  this 
domain  are  laid  under  tribute  to  produce  grain 
and  hay  and  Mr.  Weatherwax  reaps  annually 
bounteous  crops.  His  farm  is  improved  in  a 
manner  commensurate  with  its  extent  and  he  is 
one  of  the  most  substantial  men  of  the  valley. 
He  handles  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of 
cattle  each  year  and  now  has  one  hundred  head 
of  fine  thoroughbreds  and  grades. 

Henry  Weatherwax  was  born  in  Jackson, 
Michigan,  January  i8,  1846,  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Christiana  Weatherwax,  natives  of  New 
York  and  descendants  from  German  ancestors. 
They  were  the  parents  of  six  children  and  are 
now  deceased.  Their  children  are  Betsy,  Elsy, 
Mary  J.,  Caroline,  Robert  and  Henry.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  in  Michigan  and 
Illinois  and  when  a  lad  of  twelve  started  out 
to  meet  the  battles  of  life  alone.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  G, 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Illinois  and 
among  other  campaigns,  participated  in  that  of 
General  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.     In  this 


he  was  in  all  of  the  battles  that  occurred  as  well 
as  many  others.  In  1865  he  was  mustered  out 
at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  then  rented  land  in 
Illinios  until  1871.  In  that  year  he  went  to 
Kansas,  then  to  Nebraska,  and  freighted  to  the 
Black  Hills  and  Leadville.  Here  he  met  the 
noted  western  characters.  Wild  Bill,  Kit  Car- 
son and  Doc  Middleton.  Later  he  went  to  Wy- 
oming and  took  land  which  be  sold  and  then 
came  to  Washington.  The  year  of  this  last 
move  was  1882.  He  came  at  once  to  his  pres- 
ent place  and  located  as  stated  above,  and  since 
that  time  has  devoted  himself  assiduously  to 
farming  and  stock  raising. 

In  1866  Mr.  Weatherwax  married  Miss 
Anna  Anthony,  whose  parents  were  natives  of 
Ohio.  To  our  subject  and  his  wife  three  chil- 
dren have  been  born.  Julia,  Frank  and  Louis. 
Mr.  Weatherwax  is  a  life-long  Republican  and 
has  been  a  committeeman  ever  since  commg  to 
the  county.  He  has  also  served  in  various  in- 
fluential capacities,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned that  of  county  commissioner  in  1885. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  highly 
respected  and  honorable  man.  In  addition  to 
his  successful  labors,  of  which  mention  has 
been  made,  we  may  state  that  Mr.  Weatherwax 
has  done  much  good  in  introducing  fine  breeds 
of  stock,  and  in  the  excellent  management  of 
his  laree  estate  has  stimulated  others  in  this 


HENRY  KELLER  resides  about  two 
miles  south  from  Calispell.  In  addition  to  be- 
ing one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  valley, 
Mr.  Keller  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the 


1 84 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


heaviest  land  owners  and  is  a  leading  and 
prominent  citizen.  He  was  born  in  Jefferson 
county,  New  York,  on  February  24,  1835,  the 
son  of  Matthew  and  Catherine  (Zeinmerman) 
Keller,  natives  of  New  York.  In  1856  they 
moved  to  Dodge  county,  Minnesota,  where 
they  resided  for  twenty  years,  then  made  an- 
other move  to  South  Dakota.  Nine  chfldren, 
named  as  follo\\-s,  were  born  to  them,  Barbara 
A.,  Henry,  Mary,  James,  Benjamin  F.,  Dar- 
win, Isaac,  Betsey  and  George.  His  ancesters 
came  to  this  country  over  two  hundred  years 
ago  and  participated  in  the  struggle  for  inde- 
pendence. The  mother's  grandfather  was 
taken  prisoner  in  the  Revolution  and  suffered 
the  loss  of  his  scalp,  but  even  with  this  loss 
survived. 

Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the 
common  and  select  schools.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  settled  on  government  land  in 
Minnesota  and  for  twenty-five  years  followed 
farming  and  threshing.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
the  Tenth  Minnesota  Volunteers  and  fought 
the  Indians  one  year,  then  went  south  and  con- 
tinued in  the  service  until  August  21,  1865, 
having  participated  in  many  battles,  among 
which  were  Mobile  and  Nashville.  He  was 
mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling  and  carries  the 
mark  of  a  wound  received  on  his  head.  Fol- 
lowing the  war,  he  returned  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits and  also  became  interested  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cheese.  Later  he  was  employed  by  a 
harvester  company  in  Minneapolis,  after  which 
he  operated  a  summer  resort  at  Lake  Minne- 
tonka.  In  1886  Mr.  Keller  came  to  Spokane 
and  operated  a  meat  market  for  one  year.  It 
was  in  18S7  that  he  settled  on  his  present  place, 
put  up  a  large  amount  of  hay  and  shipped 
stock  clear  from  the  east.  From  that  time  until 
the  present  Mr.  Keller  has  devoted  himself  to 
the  related  industries  of  farming  and  dairying 
and  now  owns  four  hundred  acres  of  fine  land 
together  with  much  stock.  His  son  and  son-in- 
law  own  enough  land  adjoining  to  make  the 
sum  total  one  thousand  acres. 

In  1872  Mr.  Keller  married  Miss  Margaret 
Harper,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Ireland. 
Mr.  Harper  is  dwelling  in  Illinois  and  is  about 
ninety  years  of  age.  The  following  children 
have  been  born  to  this  couple :  Bertha,  Roy  H. 
and  Nina. 

Mr.  Keller  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  cast 
his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln.     He  has 


always  taken  great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his 
party  and  has  held  various  responsible  positions 
such  as  county  commissioner,  school  director, 
etc.  Mr.  Keller  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
and  A.  M. 


RICHARD  P.  SCOTT,  who  has  spent  his 
entire  life  in  the  northwest  and  has  traveled 
through  and  operated  in  many  of  the  various 
mining  camps  in  this  vast  section,  is  a  man  of 
much  experience.  His  sterling  energy,  ag- 
gressiveness and  executive  ability  have  been 
manifested  in  many  ways  and  on  various  occa- 
sions. A  detailed  account  of  his  life  will  be  in- 
teresting to  our  readers. 

Richard  P.  Scott  was  born  in  Benton  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  on  May  7,  1859.  His  parents 
crossed  the  plains  in  1845  and  located  a  dona- 
tion claim  near  where  the  town  of  Corvallis. 
Oregon,  now  stands.  They  remained  there 
until  the  tune  of  their  death,  the  mother  pass- 
ing away  in  1888  and  the  father  in  1891.  They 
were  honorable  and  self  sacrificing  pioneers, 
and  had  passed  the  dangers  and  hardships  of 
that  life,  doing  much  to  develop  and  open  the 
country.  Thirteen  children  were  born  to  them, 
ten  of  whom  are  now  living  and  named  as  fol- 
lows:  John,  Frank,  Mary,  James,  Richard  P., 
Wilson,  Sarah,  Walter,  Edgar  and  Nye.  Dur- 
ing the  winter  months  of  his  early  life  Richard 
acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  Benton  county,  while  the  summers  of  these 
years  were  spent  in  toil  with  his  father.  At  the 
tender  age  of  twelve  years  he  began  the  duties 
of  life  for  himself,  his  first  venture  being  work 
on  a  cow  ranch  in  Lake  county,  Oregon.  He 
was  there  during  the  Modoc  war  and  knew 
what  it  was  to  experience  the  trying  times  of 
those  early  days.  After  that  he  returned  to 
his  father's  farm  and  in  1881  came  to  the  vi- 
cinit}'  of  Rosalia,  Washington.  He  was  in  the 
first  excitement  in  the  Coeur  d'  Alenes,  later  re- 
turned to  the  Palouse  country  and  next 
searched  for  gold  in  the  Elk  City  district,  Ida- 
ho. After  this  we  find  him  in  the  Slocan  dis- 
trict, British  Columbia.  About  this  time  Mr. 
Scott  went  into  partnership  with  E.  T.  Bar- 
nett  and  took  a  raft  of  eight  thousand  feet  of 
lumber  down  through  Box  Canyon  and  over 
the  big  falls  of  the  Pend  d'  Oreille  river.  The 
raft  was  smashed  to  pieces  on  this  journey  and 
they  gathered  the  material  by  row  boats  later 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


■on.  They  hauled  this  lumber  up  a  mountain 
for  half  a  mile,  two  boards  at  a  time  and  built 
a  flume  for  hydraulic  mining.  In  1894  Mr. 
Scott  chartered  the  steamer  Dora,  and  did  a 
general  freight  and  passenger  business  on  the 
Pend  d'  Oreille  river.  In  1895  Mr.  Scott  was 
on  the  steamer  which  ran  down  through  Box 
Canyon  on  the  trial  trip  to  ascertain  if  the  river 
was  navigable  at  this  point.  For  three  weeks 
they  struggled  to  get  the  craft  back  again  and 
came  very  nearly  sinking  it.  Three  different 
crews  quit  their  service,  but  the  captain,  our 
subject,  and  the  engineer  remained  with  the 
craft  mitil  it  was  moored  in  peaceful  waters 
above  the  danger.  Mr.  Scott  then  went  to  min- 
ing in  the  Yack  district,  and  after  two  years  of 
this  he  returned  to  Newport  where  he  has  since 
been  engaged  in  operating  a  hotel  and  dray  line. 
On  May  31, 1889,  Mr.  Scott  married  Mrs.  Jessie, 
widow  of  John  Cass.  Her  mother,  aged  eighty- 
nine  is  living  with  her  and  at  this  advanced  age 
is  hearty  and  able  to  read  readily  without  spec- 
tacles. Politically  Mr.  Scott  is  a  Democrat  and 
active.  In  1892  he  was  appointed  sheriff  under 
C.  A.  Ledgerwood,  and  is  now  city  councilman. 
Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  K.  O.'  T.  M.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  man  entitled 
to  and  receives  the  respect  and  condence  of  all 
Avho  know  him. 

The  Cottage  House,  the  home  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Scott,  was  the  first  house  built  in  New- 
port and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  mod- 
ern structures  in  the  Pend  d'  Oreille  valley. 


CLARENCE  E.  ROSS.  One  of  the  in- 
dustries which  has  been  most  prolific  of  revenue 
to  the  dwellers  in  the  great  state  of  Washing- 
ton is  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  lumber 
products.  One  of  the  well  skillled  and  deeply 
interested  promoters  of  this  business  in  Stevens 
-county  is  the  gentleman  whose  name  appears 
at  the  head  of  this  page.  He  resides  about  five 
miles  north  from  Chewelah,  and  has  there  a 
valuable  estate  improved  with  good  buildings. 
In  addition  to  this  he  owns  near  the  estate,  a 
fine  sawmill  and  shingle  mill  and  a  residence  in 
Chewelah. 

Clarence  E.  Ross  was  born  in  Canton,  Illi- 
nois, on  November  15,  1867.  the  son  of  Stephen 
M.  and  Matilda  (Blackburn)  Ross,  natives  of 
Virginia    and    Maryland,     respectively.      The 


father  was  a  nephew  of  the  noted  Indian 
fighter.  General  Morgan,  and  traces  his  ances- 
try back  to  early  days  of  Scotland.  The  Mrs. 
Ross,  who  designed  the  flag  for  General  Wash- 
ington, which  now  proudly  floats  over  the 
grandest  nation  the  world  has  ever  seen,  was  a 
member  of  this  family.  The  father  was  a 
miller,  operating  both  saw  and  flour  mills, 
which  is  tf:e  secret  of  the  ability  possessed  by 
our  subject.  He  died  in  Bogard,  Missouri,  in 
1895  and  three  years  later  at  the  same  place 
his  widow  followed  the  way  of  all  the  earth. 
Two  children  were  born  to  this  marriage:  Le- 
land,  now  on  the  old  homestead  at  Bogard, 
Missouri,  and  Clarence  E.,  the  subject  of  this 
review.  The  parents  were  both  married  prev- 
ious to  this  union  and  the  father's  child  by  his 
first  wife  was  George  T.  To  the  mother  were 
born  two  children,  W.  F.  Davey,  deceased ;  C. 
A.  Davey,  manager  of  the  American  cigar  fac- 
tory in  New  York  city  where  he  handles  six 
hundred  men.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Carroll  county,  Missouri,  and  when  twenty- 
three  left  the  parental  roof.  We  see  him  next 
in  Spokane,  Washington,  where  he  did  various 
work  until  1891,  the  date  of  his  advent  to 
Stevens  county.  In  1892  he  bought  a  man's 
right  to  the  place  that  he  now  occupies.  In 
1895  "T  company  with  E.  J.  Arrington,  he  built 
a  sawmill,  and  two  years  later  purchased  his 
partner's  interest.  He  has  conducted  the  mill 
since  and  in  addition  to  his  quarter  sections  has 
purchased  eighty  acres  more  of  land. 

On  April  30,  1890,  Mr.  Ross  married  Miss 
Edna  E.,  daughter  of  Sexter  and  Roxania 
(Huntley)  Millay,  natives  of  Maine  and  Illi- 
nois, respectively.  They  lived  in  Illinois  for 
twenty  years  and  then  moved  to  Carroll  county 
where  they  now  abide.  On  March  27,  1903,  this 
venerable  couple  celebrated  their  golden  wed- 
ding. They  are  the  parents  of  the  following 
children:  Mattie  Gaines.  Harlow,  Cynthia  In- 
gram, Hattie  Hood,  Viola  McPherson,  Lena 
Lytle.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  were  parents 
of  eight  children:  Laura,  Ella,  Fay,  Steven, 
Viola,  Matilda,  Ruth,  deceased,  and  Dexter. 
Mr.  Ross  ever  manifests  a  keen  interest  in  all 
local  affairs  and  in  general  politics.  He  is  satis- 
fied with  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party 
and  is  a  stanch  member  of  the  same.  Frater- 
nally he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
M.  W.  A.,  being  one  of  the  moving  spirits  in 
the  erection  of  the  M.  W.  A.  hall  in  Chewelah. 


i86 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Ross  is  just  completing  a  beautiful  res- 
idence on  his  farm.  It  is  a  twelve-room  struc- 
ture of  modern  architectural  design  and  pro- 
vided with  all  conveniences  known  to  the 
science  of  building  now.  Each  room  will  be 
well  supplied  with  water,  while  the  entire  house 
will  be  lighted  with  a  special  electric  plant. 
Without  doubt  it  is  the  finest  rural  abode  in  the 
Chewelah  vallev. 


SAM  MOON.  Among  the  agriculturists 
of  western  Stevens  county,  those  who  have  in- 
dustriously and  assiduously  labored  for  the  good 
of  the  country  and  the  opening  up  of  homes,  it 
is  right  that  we  should  mention  the  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph.  He  dwells 
six  miles  from  Scotia  upon  land  secured 
through  the  homestead  right  and  devotes  his 
attention  to  raising  hay  and  stock.  The  prem- 
ises are  well  improved,  with  residence,  sub- 
stantial outbuildings  and  so  forth,  and  the  thrift 
of  the  owner  is  manifest. 

Sam  Moon  was  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  on 
October  lo,  1856,  the  son  of  George  H.  and 
Mary  Jane  (Winslow)  Moon,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  descendants  from  titled  ancestors  of  Scotch 
blood.  In  early  days  they  settled  in  Eau  Claire 
county,  Wisconsin,  whence  they  journeyed  in 
1889  to  Deer  \^alley.  Washington,  where  they 
now  reside.  They  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children  named  as  follows  :  George,  deceased  ; 
Samuel,  Emma,  Henry,  Frank,  Wallace  and 
Horace.  During  the  summer  months  of  his 
youthful  days,  our  subject  engaged  in  assisting 
his  father,  while  the  winter  months  of  those 
years  were  spent  in  gaining  his  educational 
training  from  the  schools  of  Eau  Claire  county 
and  other  places  where  the  family  lived.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  nineteen,  then 
inaugurated  independent  action,  his  first  ven- 
ture being  well  digging.  So  successful  was  he 
in  this  industry  that  he  continued  it  for  several 
years.  Then  eight  years  were  spent  in  handling 
rock  for  building  purposes.  After  this  he  was 
occupied  as  section  foreman  on  the  railroad  and 
in  1890  he  came  to  Washington  and  located 
on  a  piece  of  land  which  he  afterward  found  to 
be  railroad  land.  He  abandoned  it  and  located 
on  his  present  place  in  1892.  Since  then  Mr. 
Moon  has  continued  here  and  is  one  of  the  good 
substantial  citizens. 


In  1878  Mr.  Moon  married  Miss  Sarah^ 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Sentry)  Bugbee, 
natives  of  America  and  Switzerland,  respective- 
ly, and  now  deceased.  They  were  early  set- 
tlers of  Wisconsin  and  remained  in  that  state 
until  their  demise,  having  been  the  parents  of 
six  children,  Sarah,  John,  George,  Anna,  Jacob 
and  Allen.  To  I\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Moon  have  been 
born  seven  children,  named  as  follows :  Mar- 
tha I\-erson,  John,  Roy,  Lowel,  I\Iary,  Flavia 
and  Leonard.  Mr.  Moon  is  a  Republican,  and 
an  active  one.  He  has  been  school  director  ever 
since  the  district  has  been  organized  and  is  al- 
ways interested  in  the  welfare  and  progress  of 
the  community  and  the  development  of  educa- 
tional facilities. 


IRA  B.  ELLIS  is  one  of  the  real  pioneers 
of  the  eastern  portion  of  Stevens  county,  hav- 
ing settled  on  his  present  place  in  1891.  He 
resides  about  six  miles  west  from  Scotia  and 
devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising 
stock.  He  has  a  quarter  section  of  land,  which 
he  hewed  out  of  the  native  wilds  and  improved 
by  dint  of  hard  labor  and  industry.  Some  thirty 
or  more  acres  are  devoted  to  general  crops, 
while  he  also  raises  hay  and  stock. 

Ira  B.  Ellis  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  on  September  2,  1865,  the  son  of 
Thomas  E.  and  Calista  (Howell)  Ellis,  natives 
of  Tennessee  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The 
father  crossed  the  plains  to  the  W^illamette 
valley  in  1852,  and  the  mother  came  a  decade 
later.  For  six  years  the  home  was  in  Benton 
county,  and  then  they  removed  to  Linn  county, 
whence  they  returned  to  the  early  place  of 
abode,  and  in  1887  the  journey  to  Spokane  was 
taken.  Four  years  later  they  removed  to 
Stevens  county  and  are  now  substantial  citizens 
of  this  section.  The  father'is  a  minister  of  the 
gospel  and  for  a  good  many  years  was  pastor 
of  the  local  church.  Five  children  were  born 
to  them,  Ira,  the  subject  of  this  article,  Frank 
A.,  Sarah  E.,  Effie  B.  and  Gertie  S. 

Ira  B.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Benton  county  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  he  was  twenty-five  years  of  ag'e. 
Then  he  took  up  farming  for  himself,  having 
come  previously  to  Washington  with  his  par- 
ents. Later  we  find  Mr.  Ellis  renting  a  farm 
on  Moran  prairie  and  in  1891  he  came  to  his 
])resent  place.     He  had  to  hew  his  way  through 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


187 


the  forests  and  blaze  a  trail  out,  as  there  were 
no  roads  through  this  section.  In"  addition  to 
improving  his  place  he  has  devoted  himself  to 
various  other  occupations,  as  lumbering,  etc. 

In  1893  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Ellis 
and  Miss  Sarah  Felland,  whose  parents  were 
natives  of  Norway,  but  now  dwell  in  Stevens 
county.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ellis,  Thomas,  Frank,  Estella  and 
Benson.  Mr.  Ellis  is  a  stanch  Republican  and 
has  been  road  supervisor  and  school  director 
since  the  organization  of  the  districts.  He  is  a 
man  of  good  standing  and  has  the  esteem  of  all 
who  know  him. 


OTTO  BRINSER  is  one  of  the  leading 
agriculturists  and  industrious  men  of  the  Dia- 
mond Lake  country.  He  lives  four  miles  west 
of  Scotia  and  devotes  himself  mostly  to  farming 
and  stock  raising.  Mr.  Brinser  is  a  iirst-class 
machinist  and  excellent  engineer  and  has  been 
occupied  in  this  capacity  variously  since  coming 
to  this  country. 

Otto  Brinser  was  born  in  Lancaster  countv, 
Pennsylvania,  February  24,  1872,  the  son  of 
Ephram  and  Annie  (Bierbrower)  Brinser,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  They  are  descended  from 
prominent  and  well  to  do  people  and  are  still 
living  in  Lancaster  county,  being  prosperous 
farmers.  They  are  the  parents  of  the  follow- 
ing children,  Otto,  Fanny,  Kate,  Ralph,  Erwin, 
Clenton,  Vincent  and  David.  The  primary 
education  of  our  subject  was  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  of  Lancaster  county  and  then 
he  was  favored  with  a  fine  training  in  the  state 
normal.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  stepped 
from  the  school  room  into  the  machine  shops 
and  became  a  master  mechanic.  For  a-  number 
of  years  he  followed  this  business  and  in  1891 
came  west  to  Colville.  Shortly  after  that  he 
located  at  Buckeye,  in  Stevens  county,  and 
took  up  engineering.  In  1892  he  settled  on  his 
present  place,  consisting  of  two  hundred  acres, 
half  of  which  is  excellent  meadow-,  the  balance 
being  timber.  He  does  general  farming  and 
raises  hay  and  stock. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Brinser  to  Miss  Effie, 
daughter  of  Etheldred  and  Calista  Ellis,  oc- 
curred in  1898.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ellis  are  natives 
of  Missouri  and  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in 
an  early  day.  In  1897  they  came  to  Spokane 
and   now   dwell   in    Stevens   countv.    south   of 


Scotia.  Mr.  Ellis  has  been  a  minster  of  the  gos- 
pel for  many  years.  They  are  the  parents  of 
five  children,  Sadie.  Irie.  Frank,  Efiie  and 
Gertie. 

Mr.  Brinser  is  a  good  Republican,  a  man  of 
stability  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  his  fellows.  Mrs.  Brinser  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church. 


GEORGE  D.  COULTHARD,  who  resides 
about  five  miles  west  of  Scotia  on  Diamond 
Lake,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  portion 
of  Stevens  county.  As  early  as  1888  he  pene- 
trated the  wilds  of  the  Diamond  Lake  country, 
selected  a  favorable  location,  and  settled  upon 
unsurveyed  land.  He  at  once  began  to  make 
improvements  and  two  years  later  brought  the 
first  lumber  into  that  country,  which  on  account 
of  there  being  no  roads  was  a  very  difficult 
undertaking.  Mr.  Coulthard  was  engaged  in 
general  farming  and  stock  raising,  continuing 
with  the  latter  until  the  present  time,  and  is 
one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial  citizens. 
He  owns  several  hundred  acres  of  good  land, 
two  hundred  of  which  are  excellent  meadow. 
In  addition  to  this  he  has  other  valuable  prop- 
erty, and  also  raises  stock. 

George  Coulthard  was  born  in  Shakopee, 
Minnesota,  January  i,  1867,  the  son  of  Chris- 
topher and  Minerva  (Reines)  Coulthard.  na- 
tives of  Prince  Edward  Island  and  New  York, 
respectively,  and  of  Scotch  descent.  They  came 
to  Minnesota  in  very  early  days  and  in  1870 
went  to  California,  where  the  father  now  lives, 
the  mother  died  in  1874.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  four  children.  Bruce  W.,  deceased, 
Clara  M.,  Christopher  Pevill,  and  George  D., 
the  subject  of  this  article.  George  D.  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  Lake  county 
and  Middleton,  California.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  laid  aside  his  school  books  and  began 
the  more  responsible  labors  of  real  life.  In 
1886  we  find  him  in  Spokane,  whence  two  years 
later  he  came  to  his  present  place  as  stated 
above. 

On  June  i,  1891,  Mr.  Coulthard  married 
Mrs.  Alice  Lewis,  widow  of  John  W.  Lewis, 
and  daughter  of  Philip  and  Sarah  Kirby.  She 
died  in  1897,  leaving  four  children,  Grace, 
Albert,  Donald  and  Alice.  In  1901,  Mr. 
Coulthard  married  Miss  Jessie  Lewis,  and  one 
child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Dorothv. 


1 88 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Coulthard  is  a  good  active  Republican 
and  takes  the  interest  that  becomes  the  inteUi- 
gent  citizen  in  pohtical  affairs.  He  was  the 
first  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  his  precinct 
and  has  held  that  office  for  eight  years.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


RALPH  BETHURUM  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  valley  and  is 
an  industrious  and  capable  citizen,  whose 
labors  have  wrought  out  good  results.  He 
dwells  about  nine  miles  east  from  Westbranch 
on  a  quarter  section  that  he  took  as  government 
land.  The  same  supports  about  one  million  feet 
of  excellent  saw  timber  and  is  a  valuable  piece 
of  land.  Mr.  Bethurum  took  this  homestead  in 
1901  and  has  devoted  himself  to  clearing  por- 
tions of  it.  He  has  erected  a  beautiful  resi- 
dence and  has  various  other  improvements  in 
evidence. 

Ralph  Bethurum  was  born  in  Dade  county, 
Missouri,  on  January  30,  1878,  the  son  of  Isaac 
and  Margret  (Lawson)  Bethurum,  who  are 
mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  He  was 
educated  in  the  various  places  where  the  family 
lived,  as  in  Dade  county,  Missouri,  Spokane, 
and  other  places.  He  continued  his  studies 
until  he  had  attained  the  age  of  sixteen  and 
then  was  forced,  on  account  of  the  failure  of  his 
eyesight,  to  abandon  further  training  in  the 
schools.  From  that  time  until  he  had  attained 
his  majority,  he  continued  with  his  parents  and 
then,  as  stated  above,  he  took  his  present  place. 

Mr.  Bethurum  is  a  true  blue  Republican  and 
is  always  interested  in  the  questions  of  the  day. 
He  is  one  of  the  stable  young  men  of  the  com- 
munity and  has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all. 


WILLIAM  K.  RUSSELL.  Although 
Mr.  Russell  has  not  been  in  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
valley  as  long  as  some,  still  he  has  manifested 
during  his  residence  here  the  true  pioneer  spirit 
and  is  properly  classed  as  one  of  the  substantial 
men  of  the  community.  He  resides  about  one 
mile  west  from  Dalkena,  where  he  devotes  him- 
self to  farming  and  stock  raising,  having  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land.  This  land 
was  secured  lay  the  homestead  right  in  1900  and 
since  that  time  he  has  been  making  excellent 


improvements,  and  the  fact  that  he  has  cleared 
thirty  acres  in  three  years  manifests  his  indus- 
try and  thrift. 

William  K.  Russell  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  on  July  29,  1867,  the  son  of  Andrew 
and  Clara  Russell,  natives  of  Canada.  They 
were  the  parents  of  three  children,  William  K., 
Fred  and  Nellie.  They  died  when  our  subject 
was  but  six  years  old.  The  father  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  academy  in  Napanee,  Ontario,  and 
our  subject  received  his  education  in  the  world 
famed  schools  of  that  province.  As  stated, 
when  he  was  six  years  of  age  he  was  left  an 
orphan  and  was  thus  early  thrown  out  to  meet 
the  hardships  and  responsibilities  in  the  world. 
After  completing  his  education,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  he  began  clerking  in  a  general  store, 
later  devoting  himself  to  canvassing,  and  in 
1890  took  up  lumbering,  which  he  followed 
until  1900,  when  he  came  to  the  Colville  valley. 
Mr.  Russell  has  been  appointed  deputy  county 
assessor  and  in  1902  was  elected  road  super- 
visor, and  in  both  these  capacities  has  mani- 
fested ability  and  integrity.  In  political  mat- 
ters, Mr.  Russell  pulls  with  the  Republicans 
and  manifests  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare, 
both  of  his  party  and  the  community.  He  is 
a  young  man  of  sound  principles  and  has  won 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  all  who  know  him. 


ISAAC  BETHURUM  dwells  in  Stevens 
county,  about  nine  miles  east  from  Westbranch. 
He  owns  a  good  farm,  which  is  improveed  with 
good  buildings,  fences,  and  so  forth.  Thirty 
acres  of  the  place  are  under  cultivation  and  in 
addition  to  handling  this,  Mr.  Bethurum  de- 
votes attention  to  raising  stock.  He  is  a  man 
of  energy  and  has  done  much  for  the  welfare 
of  the  community  as  well  as  manifesting  good 
industry  and  wisdom  in  his  own  enterprises. 
He  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  the 
people  of  the  district  have  chosen  him  as  road 
supervisor,  in  both  of  which  positions  he  has 
shown  good  ability. 

Isaac  Bethurum  was  bom  in  Lincoln  county. 
Kentucky,  on  July  26,  1838.  the  son  of  William 
and  Alidia  (Herren)  Bethurum,  natives  of 
Kentucky.  The  father  died  in  1849  and  left 
a  widow  and  five  children,  William,  Mar\^  J.. 
Rebecca.  Tames  nnd  Isaac,  the  subject  of  this 
article.      Mrs.    Bethurum    married    again    and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


189 


came  out  to  Kansas.  Two  children  were  born 
to  that  union,  L.  F.  and  John.  Isaac  received 
his  education  as  best  he  could  get  it,  the  facili- 
ties for  that  training  being  meager.  He  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  twenty-one  and 
then  rented  land  and  began  life  for  him- 
self. On  April  24,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the 
Tenth  Illinois.  Company  H,  and  immediately 
went  to  the  front.  He  participated  in  the  battle 
at  Fort  Donelson,  as  well  as  in  others,  and  also 
did  much  scout  duty  and  work  as  a  spy,  which 
was  very  dangerous.  He  served  all  through 
the  war,  and  on  October  19,  1865,  was  mus- 
tered out  at  Leavenworth  to  again  take  up  the 
duties  of  the  civilian.  He  farmed  for  a  time, 
then  freighted  and  finally  went  to  Missouri  and 
worked,  learning  the  mason  trade.  In  1889 
he  located  in  Spokane  and  began  work  at  his 
trade.  The  next  year  he  took  a  homestead, 
where  he  now  dwells,  and  since  that  time  has 
given  his  time  and  attention  to  the  improvement 
of  his  farm. 

In  February,  1866,  ^Ir.  Bethurum  married 
Miss  Catherine  Lawson,  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
and  one  child  was  born  to  them,  John  W.,  now 
in  Spokane  county.  Mrs.  Bethurum  died  in 
1875.  The  next  year  Mr.  Bethurum  married 
Miss  Margret  E.  Lawson,  a  sister  of  his  for- 
mer wife,  and  to  this  union  there  have  been  born 
three  children,  Ralph,  Josephine  and  Harry. 

Mr.  Bethurum  is  a  strong  and  ardent  Re- 
publican and  has  always  manifested  a  keen  in- 
terest in  the  welfare  of  the  party  and  the  inter- 
ests of  the  community.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  his  wife,  with  himself,  belongs  to 
the  Methodist  church. 


GEORGE  O.  BRACKETT  is  certainly  to 
be  classed  as  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Pend 
d'Oreille  valley.  He  dwells  at  present  one  mile 
west  of  Dalkena  and  has  there  a  farm  of  eighty 
acres  well  improved  with  buildings,  fences  and 
so  forth.  In  addition  to  this  he  owns  another 
farm  in  the  valley.  Mr.  Brackett  came  here  in 
1887  and  brought  with  him  about  seventy  head 
of  horses.  He  at  once  began  to  open  up  a  farm 
and  he  has  steadily  given  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock.  In  this  latter  capacity 
he  has  had  excellent  success  and  has  done  much 
for  the  advancement  of  the  community's  inter- 
ests in  that  he  has  shipped  thoroughbred  cattle 


and  horses  to  the  valley  and  has  always  mani- 
fested great  skill  in  raising  the  same.  He  is 
rightly  considered  one  of  the  successful  men 
and  leading  citizens. 

George  O.  Brackett  was  born  in  Augusta, 
Maine,  r)ecember  26,  1837,  the  son  of  James 
S.  and  Eunice  (Densmore)  Brackett,  natives 
of  Maine  and  descendants  of  Scotch  and  En- 
glish ancestors.  The  great-great-great-grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  the  first  settler  in 
what  is  now  Portland,  Maine.  The  family  was 
among  the  very  first  settlers  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  it  is  with  a  pardonable  pride,  Mr. 
Brackett  remarks,  that  there  never  has  been  a 
member  of  the  family  as  far  back  as  known 
who  was  ever  incarcerated  in  any  penal  institu- 
tion. The  great-great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  killed  in  his  orchard  by  the  Indians. 
George  was  educated  in  Madison  Bridge, 
Maine,  and  there  resided  until  seventeen  with 
his  grandparents.  Then  he  went  to  live  with 
his  parents,  remaining  there  three  years,  after 
which  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Pike's  Peak  in 
1859  and  went  thence  to  California.  He  was 
engaged  in  packing  to  the  mines  for  four  years 
and  in  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  First  California 
Volunteers  and  served  two  years  and  three 
days.  In  1866  he  returned  to  Maine,  remain- 
ing there  ten  years.  In  1876  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon and  gave  his  attention  to  raising  horses  and 
a?  stated  above  he  brought  his  band  to  the  Calis- 
pell  valley. 

On  June  2,  1867,  Mr.  Brackett  married 
Miss  Jane  E.,  daughter  of  Abbot  and  Catherine 
Doyne,  natives  of  Maine  and  of  English  and 
Irish  ancestry.  Politically  Mr.  Brackett  is 
untrammeled  by  the  tenets  and  ties  of  any  party 
and  manifests  an  independence  of  thought 
while  he  reserves  for  his  own  personal  decision 
questions  and  issues  of  the  day.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and 
he  belongs  to  the  G.  A.  R. 


JOHN  T.  ROGERS  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  Stevens  county  and  has  manifested  a 
wisdom,  skill,  and  industry  since  settling  here 
that  have  commended  him  to  all.  His  fine 
estate  of  over  one  section  is  located  about  three 
miles  west  from  Scotia  and  the  same  bears  evi- 
dence of  much  labor  and  taste  in  improvements 
of  a  valuable  nature. 


190 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


John  T.  Rogers  was  born  in  Dallington, 
Sussex  county,  England,  on  October  10,  1861, 
the  son  of  Henry  and  Rosamond  (Harris) 
Rogers,  natives  of  England.  The  father  was  a 
country  gentleman  and  owner  of  a  valuable 
estate  of  one  thousand  acres.  It  required  the 
services  of  thirty-five  men  all  the  year  round 
and  as  high  as  four  hundred  in  some  seasons 
to  handle  this  magnificent  domain.  The  moth- 
er's people  were  also  large  property  owners. 
Fifteen  children  w-ere  born  to  this  worthy 
couple.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  arid 
remained  on  the  estate  until  he  was  twenty-five, 
having  been  manager  of  the  same  during  the 
last  years  of  his  stay.  Then  came  the  time 
when  he  sought  the  world  for  himself,  and 
America  was  the  chosen  land  to  migrate  to. 
Portions  of  Canada  were  explored  and  also  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  United  States,  and 
finally  Mr.  Rogers  decided  to  settle  on  his 
present  place.  He  was  obliged  to  use  the 
squatter's  right  to  secure  the  first  quarter  sec- 
tion. Later  he  purchased  a  section  from  the 
railroad  company  and  since  then  he  has  devoted 
his  entire  time  and  attention  to  the  improve- 
ment of  the  estate  and  to  bringing  it  to  a 
productive  point.  Mr.  Rogers  has  also  raised 
much  stock  and  has  now  a  large  band.  His 
land  produces  many  tons  of  hay  each  year,  be- 
sides other  crops. 

In  1897  Mr.  Rogers  married  Miss  Her- 
menia  Selan,  a  native  of  Stockholm,  Sweden, 
where  her  parents  reside  now.  She  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1889. 

Mr.  Rogers  is  a  Republicai:  and  always 
evinces  a  commendable  interest  in  local  matters 
and  the  questions  of  the  day.  He  assisted  to 
organize  the  first  school  district  and  has  been 
clerk  or  director  continuously  since  then.  He 
and  his  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Episcopal 
church  and  are  highly  respected  people. 


ANTHONY  J.  RUSHO,  who  dwells 
about  one  mile  north  of  Usk.  is  a  man  of  ex- 
tensive experience  and  wide  research.  Tie  has 
dwelt  in  various  portions  of  the  United  States 
and  has  ever  been  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the 
true  pioneer  and  in  various  places  has  done  the 
good  work  of  opening  up  farms  and  preparing 
the  way  for  civilization.  He  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial  and   leading  citizens  of   the  Calispell 


valley  and  is  respected  and  esteemed  by  all. 
Anthony  J.  Rusho  was  born  in  Montreal,  on 
March  16,  1840,  the  son  of  Anthony  and  Mary 
(Morris)  Rusho,  natives  of  Canada.  In  1845 
the  family  came  to  the  United  States,  locating 
in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  where  they  remained 
until  1863,  then  the  parents  journeyed  to  Rice 
Lake.  Minnesota,  and  after  eighteen  years  came 
to  Rathdrum,  Idaho,  where  the  father  died  in 
1900,  aged  eighty-seven.  The  mother  died 
at  Rice  Lake,  Minnesota,  in  1878.  They  were 
the  parents  of  the  following  named  children: 
Anthony  J.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch ;  Francis, 
deceased;  Almira,  Philima,  Joseph,  Mary, 
Flora,  Charles,  and  Maggie.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools  near 
Milwaukee  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
his  majority.  His  first  venture  after  that  was 
laboring  in  the  lumber  woods,  at  fifteen  dollars 
per  month,  then  saw  milling  occupied  him  for 
one  year,  and  then  he  operated  a  stave  factory 
in  West  Bend,  Wisconsin.  In  August,  1862, 
Mr.  Rusho  responded  to  the  call  for  troops  and 
enlisted  in  Company  G,  Twenty-sixth  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  and  was  immediately  sent  to  the 
front.  He  had  received  but  one  drilling  exer- 
cise before  participating  in  the  stem  reality  of 
the  battlefield.  He  was  mustered  out  at  Phila- 
delphia on  account  of  disability  and  returnd 
to  his  home  for  a  time,  then  he  came  to  Minne- 
sota and  remained  in  the  latter  place  for  thir- 
teen years.  The  next  mo\'e  w'as  to  Nebraska, 
where  he  remained  on  the  frontier  for  five 
years.  In  1883  he  came  to  Washington  and 
settled  in  the  Big  Bend  of  the  Columbia,  which 
was  then  very  new.  In  1888  he  came  to  Calis- 
pell valley.  Three  years  later  he  went  to  Rath- 
drum,  where  the  family  home  was  for  twelve 
years,  for  the  purpose  of  educating  his  children. 
Mr.  Rusho's  daughter,  Kitty,  was  so  proficient 
in  her  studies  that  at  the  age  of  fifteen  she  be- 
gan teaching  school  and  for  eight  years  was 
engaged  in  that  occupation.  She  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Cheney  normal  school.  In  1898  Mr. 
Rusho  removed  his  family  to  the  Calispell  val- 
ley again  and  devoted  himself  to  raising  stock 
and  dairying.  He  owns  four  hundred  acres 
of  excellent  hay  land,  a  large  band  of  stock  and 
is  one  of  the  successful  men  of  this  region.  In 
1870  Mr.  Rusho  married  Miss  Ellen,  daughter 
of  Moses  and  Ellen  (Burdick)  Cheesebrough, 
natives  of  New^  York.  Mr.  Cheesebrough  re- 
moved from  New  York  to  Wisconsin  and  later 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


to  Nebraska,  then  to  California,  where  he  now 
lives.  His  wife  died  in  1902.  Mrs.  Rusho  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Myron  C, 
Mett.  Charles,  Ida,  Elton,  Oscar  and  Ellen. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rusho  have  been  born  the 
following  named  children :  Ada  James,  Ella 
Cusick,  deceased,  Kittie  Bryden,  Lura  Duns- 
mi  :ore  and  Ray.   • 

Mr.  Rusho  is  an  active  and  ardent  Repub- 
lican and  is  ever  laboring  for  the  good  of  his 
party.  He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lin- 
coln. Mrs.  Rusho  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church. 


RICHARD  G.  RAMEY  is  properly 
classed  as  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Fend 
d'Oreille  valley.  He  has  a  generous  estate 
of  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  about 
two  miles  south  from  Usk,  and  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  farmers  and  stockmen  of  the  valley. 
Mr.  Ramey  has  had  vast  and  extensive  experi- 
ence all  over  the  west  and  a  full  outline  of  his 
career  would  form  a  volume  in  itself.  We 
would  be  pleased  to  grant,  in  this  connection, 
a  complete  recital  of  his  life,  but  regard  for 
space  forbids  anything  more  than  a  brief  re- 
view. Richard  G.  Ramey  was  born  in  Missouri 
July  20,  1840,  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Jane  H. 
(Gentry)  Ramey,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
Missouri,  respectively.  They  were  pioneers  to 
Missouri  and  remained  in  that  state  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  From  1818  to  1820  they 
were  in  Cooper's  Fort,  near  St.  Louis.  They 
were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  Elizabeth, 
Reuben,  Elzira,  William,  Martilis,  Sarah,  Mary, 
Anna,  Richard  G.  and  Alzira.  The  father  was 
killed  by  Quantrell's  band  and  the  mother  re- 
mained with  our  subject  until  her  death.  Dur- 
ing the  first  se\'enteen  years  of  Mr.  Ramey's  life 
he  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  then  in  1857  started  west  to  Salt  Lake 
as  night  herder  for  an  expedition.  In  1858  he 
was  in  the  first  excitement  at  Pike's  Peak  and 
helped  whipsaw  the  lumber  for  the  first  building 
in  and  helped  lay  out  the  now  great  city  of 
Denver.  After  this  he  prospected  one  year, 
then  returned  to  Missouri,  and  in  i860  crossed 
the  plains  the  second  time,  being  in  the  employ 
of  Governor  Bent,  Indian  agent.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  returned  again  to  Missouri  and 
joined  the  state  militia.  He  was  not  able  to 
participate  in  military  service,  and  in  1862  he 


again  came  west,  this  time  as  hunter  for  a  train 
to  Mexico.  He  worked  for  Kit  Carson  in  the 
following  winter.  In  the  winter  of  1863-64  he 
was  variously  engaged  in  frontier  occupations. 
In  1864  he  saw  the  Plumer  gang  hung.  He 
came  on  horseback  from  Colorado  to  Wild 
Horse,  in  British  Columbia,  and  in  1866-7 
mined  on  the  Salmon  river  in  Idaho.  In  1869 
he  was  among  the  first  to  mine  on  Libby  creek, 
then  he  was  at  various  points  on  Puget  Sound. 
In  1870  he  went  via  Cape  Horn  to  New  York, 
then  returned  to  Missouri  and  bought  a  farm, 
which  he  cultivated  for  a  number  of  years.  It 
was  in  1886  he  came  to  Spokane  and  soon  set- 
tled on  his  present  place  in  the  Calispell  valley. 
His  farm  is  well  improved  and  he  handles  con- 
siderable stock. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Ramey  and  Miss 
Ag-nes  Penney  occurred  in  1871.  Mr.  James 
Penney  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Ann  (Beazley)  Penney,  a  Virginian. 
They  lived  in  the  former  state  until  their  death, 
having  been  the  parents  of  the  following  chil- 
dren: Almeda,  Ann,  Sally,  Mary,  Thomas, 
\\'illiam  and  Agnes.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Ramey  three  children  have  been  born,  as  fol- 
lows:  Richard  T.,  Ida.  J.  Jared  and  Albert. 
Mr.  Ramey  had  great  experiences  in  hunting 
buffalo  on  the  plains  and  participated  in  many 
wild  exploits  and  thrilling  adventures.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  good  strong  Republican,  while  in 
fraternal  affairs  he  belongs  to  the  Knights  of 
Honor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ramey  are  members 
of  the  United  Brethren  church  and  have  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  the  entire  community. 


GEORGE  W.  ZIGLER  came  to  the  Calis- 
pell valley  in  1891.  Possessed  of  the  real  pio- 
neer spirit  he  at  once  located  on  go\'ernment 
land  and  took  hold  with  his  hands  to  make  a 
valuable  and  beautiful  estate.  He  has  now  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres  lying  four  miles  south- 
east from  Calispell  postoffice,  and  by  industry 
and  careful  attention  to  business  he  has  im- 
proved it  in  excellent  manner,  good  buildings, 
fences  and  so  forth  being  in  evidence.  Mr. 
Zigler  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  citi- 
zens of  this  county.  George  Zigler  was  born 
in  Bartholomew  county,  Indiana,  on  December 
II,  18=;^,  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Susan  (Halts- 


[92 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


house)  Zigler,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
settled  in  Indiana  in  early  days  and  there  they 
remained  the  balance  of  their  lives.  Seven  chil- 
dren were  born  to  them,  Catherine,  Sarah, 
Mariah.  Henry,  Ursula,  George  W.  and 
Wilham. 

George  W.  Zigler  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  place  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  began  to  devote  his  whole  time 
to  the  assistance  of  his  father,  continuing  in 
the  same  until  he  had  reached  his  majority. 
In  1876  he  joined  the  regular  United  States 
army  and  served  five  years.  After  that  a  decade 
was  spent  in  driving  teams  for  the  gov- 
ernment and  in  1891  he  came  to  Spokane. 
Ver}'  shortly  after  that  date  we  find  him 
settled  on  his  present  place  and  since  that 
time  he  has  been  known  as  one  of  the  in- 
dustrious and  capable  men  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Zigler  has  had  good  success  in  handling  stock 
and  now  has  a  nice  band. 

In  1882  occurred  the  marriage  of  George 
W.  Zigler  to  Miss  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  John 
and  Rebecca  (SwitzerJ  Tichbourne,  natives  of 
Canada.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1 88 1  and  settled  in  Dakota.  In  1890  they  came 
to  Spokane,  where  they  are  now  dwelling. 
They  are  the  parents  of  the  following  named 
children:  Belle,  Mary  I.,  William,  Lydia  A., 
Rebecca,  Rachel,  Margaret,  Lavina,  George, 
Carrie  and  Joseph.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zigler  have 
eleven  children,  named  as  follows :  Edward, 
Florence,  Laura,  Maggie,  Belle,  W^alter,  LTr- 
sula.  Sherman,  (ieorge.  Joseph  and  Theodore. 
Mr.  Zigler  is  an  adherent  of  the  Republican 
party  and  always  manifests  a  becoming  interest 
in  local  affairs  and  educational  matters.  Fra- 
ternally he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  and  A. 
M.  In  religious  persuasion  he  belongs  to  the 
Lutheran  church,  while  his  wife  belongs  to  the 
Methodist. 


ROBERT  P.  JARED.  Without  perad- 
venture  every  commonwealth  of  the  United 
States  has  contributed  to  the  population  of  the 
Inland  Empire  and  the  subject  of  this  .article, 
who  dwells  about  three  miles  south  from  Usk, 
is  one  who  owns  Putnam  county,  Tennessee,  as 
his  native  place.  He  was  born  on  October  6, 
1842.  the  son  of  William  and  Martha  P.  (Jett) 
Jared,  natives  of  White  county,  in  the  same 
state.     The  father  was  a  preacher  of  the  gospel 


and  died  at  the  age  of  lifty-two.  The  mother 
died  in  1901.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing named  children :  Eliza,  R.  P.,  Thomas 
D.,  Sarah,  Overton,  ^lary,  John  M.,  Joseph  G. 
and  William. 

Our  subject  received  a  good  educational 
training  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  his  native  place  and  when  nineteen 
enlisted  in  the  Rebellion  and  served  three 
years.  This  service  was  fraught  with  all 
the  hardships  and  trying  incidents  of  a 
soldier  of  that  period.  He  was  captured  by  the 
enemy  at  Fort  Donelson,  and  served  seven 
months  at  Port  Morton,  after  which  he  was  ex- 
changed and  fought  at  Raymond,  Missionary 
Ridge,  Chickamauga,  Atlanta,  and  in  various 
other  battles  and  skirmishes.  Following  the 
war,  he  went  to  Ft.  Henry  and  in  1876  removed 
to  Texas,  whence  a  decade  later  he  removed  to 
Spokane  county,  Washington.  The  same  year 
Mr.  Jared  came  to  the  Calispell  valley,  settled 
on  unsurveyed  land  and  since  that  time  has 
devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and  stock 
raising.  He  has  been  amply  prospered  on  ac- 
count of  his  industry  and  close  attention  to  busi- 
ness and  now  owns  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
of  land,  over  half  of  which  is  good  meadow. 
He  has  nearly  one  hundred  head  of  cattle,  while 
the  estate  is  well  supplied  with  buildings  and 
other  improvements.  Mr.  Jared  has  always 
taken  a  keen  interest  in  local  matters  and  was 
the  second  assessor  of  the  real  estate  in  range 
42  east  of  the  Willamette  meridian  in  his  town- 
ship. 

In  April,  1866,  Mr.  Jared  married  !Miss 
Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Martha  (Den- 
ton) Campbell,  natives  of  Tennessee,  where 
they  remained  until  their  decease.  Mrs.  Jared 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters. 
Chestina,  James,  Delia,  ]\Iartha.  Isaac  and 
Jesse.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jared  there  have  been 
born  six  children,  Emmet,  deceased,  Martha, 
\\'illiam,  John,  Thomas  and  Mallia. 

Politically  Mr.  Jared  is  a  Democrat.  He 
took  the  first  census  of  the  valley,  was  the  sec- 
ond assessor,  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
in  this  capacity  he  is  still  acting,  having  been  six 
years  in  that  office.  Mr.  Jared  helped  to  organ- 
ize the  first  district  in  this  part  of  the  county, 
and  it  was  twenty  miles  wide  by  sixty  long. 
Mr.  Jared  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing,  is 
popular  among  the  people  and  has  always 
shown  marked  uprightness  and  principle. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


193 


JOHN  H.  COVELL.  About  one  mile 
south  of  Usk  we  come  to  the  estate  of  Mr. 
Covell.  It  consists  of  two  hundred  and 
seventy-five  acres,  two  hundred  of  which  are 
excellent  meadow  land.  The  farm  is  well  im- 
proved with  fences,  outbuildings,  and  so  forth, 
and  has  been  conducted  in  a  very  successful 
manner.  In  addition  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising,  Mr.  Covell  devotes  considerable 
attention  to  dairying  and  handles  a  score  or 
more  of  cows.  Politically,  he  is  a  strong 
Republican  and  a  faithful  expounder  of  the 
principles  of  that  party.  On  various  occasions 
he  has  been  chosen  for  different  ofiices  and  the 
same  marked  wisdom  and  stability  characterized 
him  in  discharge  of  the  duties  incumbent  upon 
him  in  those  capacities  as  have  been  displayed 
by  him  in  his  private  life.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  United  Brethren  church  but  the  wife  and 
daughter  belong  to  the  Methodist  church. 

When  the  call  came  for  patriots  to  defend 
the  Stars  and  Stripes,  Mr.  Covell  was  one  of 
the  first  to  press  to  the  front  and  ofTer  his 
services  for  his  native  land.  He  enlisted  in  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  New  York  Vol- 
unteers under  Colonel  Jones,  in  1862.  For 
three  years  he  served  faithfully  and  endured  the 
hardships  and  trials  of  the  soldier's  life.  He 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  New  Hope 
Church,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Atlanta,  and  others. 
He  marched  with  Sherman  to  the  sea  and  in 
June,  1865,  at  W'ashington,  he  was  mustered  out 
as  a  veteran.  At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  a  por- 
tion of  a  shell  struck  Mr.  Covell  in  the  side  and 
crushed  his  ribs,  which  caused  him  to  languish 
in  the  hospital  for  six  months. 

John  H.  Covell  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Pennsylvania  on  January  25,  1832,  the  son  of 
John  and  Serena  (  Rice)  Covell,  natives  of  Ver- 
mont and  Massachusetts,  respectively.  In  a 
\-ery  early  period  they  settled  in  Cattaraugus 
county  New  York,  where  they  remained  until 
their  death,  having  been  parents  of  the  following 
children,  Augusta,  Lomisa,  John  H.,  Louis, 
Emma,  Washington,  Edmund,  Lucy,  Frank, 
Seth  and  Charles  M.  John  H.  Covell  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Cattaraugus 
county  until  twenty,  when  he  devoted  his  entire 
time  to  the  assistance  of  his  father,  who  died 
two  years  later.  After  that  he  was  the  main 
support  of  the  widowed  mother  and  her  children 
until  he  was  thirty  years  of  age.     Following 

13 


the  war,  Mr.  Covell  gave  his  attention  to  car- 
pentering for  a  period  and  then  went  to  farming. 
In  1892  he  came  west  to  the  Calispell  valley 
and  bought  a  squatter's  right  to  which  he  has 
added  until  he  has  the  estate  mentioned. 

In  1866,  Mr.  Covell  married  Miss  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Frederick  and  Sarah  (Clark) 
Moore,  natives  of  New  York  and  Massa- 
chusetts, respectively.  Mrs.  Covell  has  seven 
brothers  and  sisters.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Covell 
three  children  have  been  born,  John  J.,  Leslie 
L.,  and  Berenice  M. 


FRANK  WINCHESTER.  In  Speaking 
of  the  representative  men  of  Stevens  county  it  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  mention  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  who  has  been  one  of  the  potent 
factors  in  the  development  of  the  eastern 
portion  of  this  county.  In  1895  Mr.  ^Vin- 
chester  bought  a  quarter  section  five  miles 
north  from  Cusick  and  three  years  later  added 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  more.  Since  his 
first  settlemenet  here  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  farming  and  stock  raising  and  his  valuable 
estate,  together  with  improvements  and  stock, 
shows  that  he  has  had  marked  success.  ■ 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal 
history  of  our  subject  we  note  that  Frank  Win- 
chester was  born  in  Seward  county,  Nebraska, 
on  March  24,  1870,  the  son  of  E.  and  Angen- 
nette  (Clark)  Winchester,  natives  respectively 
of  Indiana  and  New  York.  The  parents  were 
married  in  Nebraska  and  that  state  was  their 
home  until  1881,  whence  they  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley  Oregon.  Thence 
they  came  to  Spokane  county  and  in  1887 
located  in  Stevens  county.  A  decade  later  they 
returned  to  Spokane  county  and  are  now  living 
near  Waverly.  The  following  children  were 
bom  to  them,  Frank  the  subject  of  this  article, 
Alice  Wall,  Hamilton,  Winfred,  Minnie 
McKenzie,  and  Ervin  P.  The  father  served 
three  years  in  the  Civil  war. 

Our  subject  received  his  primary  education 
in  Harlan  county,  Nebraska,  and  completed  his 
training  in  the  schools  of  Union  county, 
Oregon.  ^Vhen  he  had  attained  his  majority 
he  worked  for  wages  two  years  then  rented 
land  and  lost  heavily  during  the  panic  of  1893-4. 
Again  he  worked  for  wages  for  a  time,  then 
came  to  Stevens  county  and  purchased  the  land 


194 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mentioned  above.  Mr.  Winchester  has  im- 
proved his  land  in  nice  shape  and  raises 
considerable  hay. 

The  principles  of  the  Democratic  party 
appeal  to  Mr.  Winchester  and  he  has  traveled 
in  that  harness  for  some  time.  For  five  success- 
ive terms  he  has  been  road  supervisor  of  his 
district  and  three  times  has  been  constable.  He 
is  of  good  standing  in  the  community  and  has 
always  manifested  uprightness  and  sound 
principles. 


ERNEST  H.  SCHUTZE.  It  is  interest- 
ing to  trace  the  influence  of  the  excellent 
resources  and  fine  government  of  freedom  of  this 
country  on  the  dwellers  of  the  European  na- 
tionalities. Many  of  the  most  enterprising  have 
forsaken  the  native  land  and  have  through 
hardships  pressed  their  way  to  the  frontiers  of 
our  own  land  and  have  there  been  the  stalwart 
ones  whose  labors  ha\-e  aided  in  the  rapid 
development  of  this  region.  Among  those  who 
come  to  our  sliores,  there  are  none  more  worthy 
and  substantial  than  those  native  to  the  I'-ather- 
land.  The  subject  of  this  article  is  one  of  that 
vast  number  and  certainly  a  review  of  his 
career,will  manifest  his  skill  and  industry  since 
coming  here  and  it  is  with  pleasure  we  trace 
an  eiiitome  in  this  connection. 

Ernest  H.  Schutze  was  born  in  Germany, 
on  May  1 1.  1855,  the  son  of  Carl  E.  and  Amelia 
F.  (Haval)  Schutze,  natives  of  the  same 
land.  The  father  died  there  in  1875  ^""^  ^'""^ 
mother  in  1886.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of 
Ernest  H.  are  Osweld  H..  Theodore  H..  Annie 
M.,  Amelia,  and  jMary.  The  earlier  education 
of  our  subject  was  obtained  in  the  primary 
schools  but  later  the  excellent  educational  insti- 
tutions of  Berlin  contributed  a  first  class 
training  to  him.  Then  he  learned  the 
machinist's  trade,  after  which  he  was  in  the 
armv  for  se\-eral  years.  1883  marks  the  date 
of  his  arrival  in  America.  Buffalo,  New  York, 
was  the  scene  of  his  labors  for  a  year,  then  he 
journeyed  to  St.  Louis,  later  to  Chicago,  and 
afterward  we  see  him  managing  an  estate  for 
John  B.  Hersey.  After  four  years  in  this 
capacity  he  went  to  Kansas  and  there  operated 
an  estate  of  eight  hundred  acres  for  several 
yeirs.  Finally  Mr.  Schut7e  came  to  the  Big 
Bend  country,  the  year  being  1889.  and  later 
settled  in  Stevens  countv,  si.x  miles  north  from 


Usk,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  He 
located  land,  mostly  timber,  then  bought  more 
until  now  he  owns  nearly  a  section  of  timber 
and  meadow  land.  Mr.  Schutze  has  also  good 
mining  property  and  with  his  son  owns  a  fine 
copper  claim  in  the  Lardeau  country. 

In  1879,  Mr.  Schutze  married  Miss  Eaton,, 
whose  father  lives  in  Germany,  the  mother 
having  died  some  time  since. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schutze  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  church  and  he  is  an  active  Democrat, 
being  interested  in  the  welfare  and  progress  of 
the  country. 

In  1903  Mr.  Schutze  determined  to  inves- 
tigate the  Alberta  country,  with  the  intention 
of  locating  there  if  satisfied.  After  due  explora- 
tion in  this  Canadian  country,  he  returned  to 
Cusick,  where  he  is  now  in  business.  He  is 
satisfied  that  the  Calispell  valley  is  one  of  the 
best  and  far  superior  to  the  Alberta  regions. 


JAMES  NEWTON  ROGERS.  It  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  are  pri\ileged  to  gi\e  a 
review  of  the  career  of  the  substantial  agricul- 
turist and  stockman  whose  name  appears  at 
the  head  of  this  article,  since  he  has  wrought 
within  the  precincts  of  Stevens  county  with 
skill  and  wisdom  for  a  goodly  time.  He  has  a 
standing  of  the  very  best  among  the  people  and 
his  wise  management  of  the  resources  of  the 
region  have  contributed  to  him  a  gratifying 
income  and  prosperity. 

James  N.  Rogers  was  born  in  Dallington, 
Sussex  countv.  England,  on  May  3,  1864,  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Rosamond  (  Harris)  Rogers, 
natives  of  England.  The  father  was  a  country 
gentleman  and  the  owner  of  a  large  estate  of 
one  thousand  acres.  They  were  the  parents 
of  fifteen  children. 

James  N.  was  educated  in  a  private  school 
at  Hawkhurst,  Kent  and  in  an  institution  near 
London.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  quit  school 
and  devoted  his  efforts' to  assisting  his  father  on 
the  estate.  He  was  engaged  in  the  management 
of  the  domain  and  then  managed  a  farm  for 
his  uncle.  Later  this  relative  died  and  Mr. 
Rogers  was  appointed  to  the  management  of 
the  large  estates  and  also  to  settle  them  all  up. 
These  responsible  duties  being  properly  com- 
pleted, he  came  to  Canada  and  explorations  of 
this  country  and  the  United  States  occupied  him 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


[95 


for  a  time.  Mr.  Rogers  finally  decided  that  his 
present  place,  seven  miles  west  from  Camden,  in 
Stevens  county,  was  the  place  he  desired  above 
all  others  he  had  discovered  and  accordingly  he 
located  at  Diamond  Lake.  Mr.  Rogers  has  a 
magnificent  esetate  and  has  improved  it  in  a 
becoming  manner.  It  is  largely  hay  land  and  in 
addition  to  handling  this,  he  has  a  large  band  of 
stock.  A  beautiful  residence,  three  large  barns, 
fences,  and  various  other  impro\-ements  are  in 
e\'idence  and  make  the  di_~imaiil  altogether  a 
beautiful  and  valuable  place. 

On  October  21,  1891,  Mr.  Rogers  married 
Miss  Mary  C,  daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  and 
Emily  C.  (Saint)  May,  natives  of  England, 
where  also  they  remained  until  their  decease. 
They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children.  Mr. 
May  was  a  minister  of  the  gospel  for  fifty  years. 
I^Irs.  Rogers  came  to  Port  Townsend  in  1891, 
where  she  was  married. 

Mr.  Rogers  is  an  active  and  influential  Re- 
publican and  in  1892  was  appointed  sheriff  of 
Stevens  county  by  the  county  commissioners. 
He  and  his  wife  are  communicants  in  the  Epis- 
copal church  and  they  receive  the  unstinted 
esteem  and  good  will  of  the  entire  comunity. 


RICHARD  T.  RA^IEY.  Five  miles 
north  from  Usk  we  come  to  the  home  place  of 
Mr.  Ramey.  The  land  was  secured  from  the 
government  by  homestead  right,  settlement  be- 
ing made  in  1898,  and  since  that  time  the  indus- 
try, thrift,  and  skill  of  our  subject  have  been 
manifested  in  the  present  goodly  showing.  He 
has,  in  addition  to  the  farm  mentioned,  some 
land  and  his  large  barn  with  other  impro\'e- 
ments  show  one  of  the  valuable  places  in  the 
valley. 

Richard  T.  Ramey  was  born  in  Sedalia,  I\Iis- 
souri,  on  June  11,  1877,  the  son  of  R.  G.  and 
Agness  (Penney)  Ramey,  natives  of  Missouri 
and  Kentucky,  respectively.  They  lived  in 
Pettis  county,  Missouri,  until  1886,  when  they 
all  came  10  Spokane,  whence  one  year  later  a 
move  was  made  to  Stevens  county.  The  an- 
cestors are  all  well  to  do  people  and  are  prom- 
inent in  their  various  stations  in  life.  Our  sub- 
ject has  che  following  named  brothers  and  sis- 
ters, Ida  J.  Jared,  Albert,  and  Blair,  deceased. 
Richard  T.  received  his  educational  training  in 
his  native  place  and  in  Spokane  and  Stevens 


county,  continuing  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge 
in  the  schools  until  he  was  fourteen.  Then  he 
devoted  three  years  to  the  assistance  of  his 
father  and  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen,  he 
commenced  to  assume  the  responsibilitis  of  life 
for  himself.  He  labored  on  the  farms  in  var- 
ious portions  of  the  country,  wrought  in  the 
mills  and  also  harvested  in  the  Palouse  until 
1898,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place  ana  lo- 
cated his  farm.  He  has  devoted  himself  to  the 
improvement  and  upbuilding  of  his  place  since 
and  the  assiduity  and  skill  manifested  are  very 
commendable.  His  farm  produces  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  tons  of  hay  annually  and  he 
handles  seventy  head  of  stock.  Mr.  Ramey  is 
one  of  the  responsible  and  leading  young  men 
of  the  valley  and  has  manifested  good  ability  in 
accumulating  his  present  holding.  He  is  a 
member  jf  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  and  is  allied  with 
the  Republicans  in  political  matters. 


JAY  GRAHAM,  who  resides  three  miles 
south  from  Calispell,  has  shown  himself  to  be 
one  of  the  leading  and  substantial  farmers  and 
stockmen  of  Stevens  county.  In  1893  he  first 
settled-  here  and  at  that  time  took  a  homestead, 
to  which  iie  has  added  eighty  acres  of  railroad 
land  by  purchase.  The  land  is  well  improved, 
being  fenced,  cross  fenced,  and  supplied  with 
good  buildings.  Nearly  a  hundred  tons  of  hay 
are  the  annual  return  of  the  land,  besides  other 
crops.  Mr.  Graham  also  devotes  considerable 
attention  to  dairying. 

Jay  Graham  was  born  in  Montcalm  county, 
rvlichigan,  on  June  i,  1864,  the  son  of  John  and 
Perlina  (V\'heaton)  Graham,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  of  Scotch  and  Irish  descent,  re- 
spectively. They  settled  in  Ohio  in  early  days 
and  there  the  father  operated  a  boot  and  shoe 
factory.  In  1850  they  went  to  Michigan,  and 
there  the  mother  died  in  1879,  and  the  father 
in  1867.  Four  children  were  the  fruit  of  that 
m-arriage,  Eliza,  Willia*n  M.,  Ellen,  and  Jay. 
Jay  was  edi:cated  in  the  district  schools  of  his 
native  place  and  at  the  tender  age  of  twelve 
went  to  do  for  himself.  His  first  venture  was 
driving  team  in  the  lumljcr  woods,  and  the  fact 
that  he  continued  there  for  nine  years  indicates 
the  tenacity  and  purpose  of  the  man.  Follow- 
ing his  service  in  the  lumber  regions,  Mr.  Gra- 
ham  went   to   .Aberdeen,    North   Dakota,   and 


196 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


learned  the  carpenter  trade  which  he  followed 
successfully  for  nine  years.  Next  he  went  to 
farming  and  raising  stock.  In  1888  he  was  one 
of  the  progressive  ones  who  made  the  journey 
to  Washington  and  for  several  years  he 
wrought  at  his  trade  in  various  places.  In 
1891  we  see  him  on  the  sound  and  in  1893,  he 
settled  as  stated  ahove. 

In  1898  ]\Ir.  Graham  married  IMiss  Nancy, 
daughter  of  ]\Iike  and  Lizzie  Lawyer.  In  an  ear- 
ly day  they  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  in  1887 
came  to  Spokane,  whence  the  following  year 
they  came  to  Stevens  county.  In  1901,  they 
went  to  Lincoln  county  and  two  years  later 
they  journeyed  on  to  Douglas  county  where 
they  now  dwell.  They  were  the  parents  of 
seven  children,  James  B.,  Nancy,  Frank,  Perry, 
Henry.  Fred  and  Rosa  E.  To  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs. 
Graham  th.ere  have  been  born  three  children, 
Leo,  Lulu  and  Flosev  M. 

Mr.  Graham  is  an  active  and  representa- 
tive Republican  and  is  e\er  on  the  alert  to  push 
forward  the  chariot  of  progress. 


JOHN  BAKER.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  has  not  been  in  Stevens  county  as  long 
as  some  of  the  pioneers,  nevertheless  he  has 
made  a  couimendable  showing  and  is  one  of 
the  respected  and  old  citizens  of  this  section. 
Mr.  Baker  resides  about  a  mile  and  one  half 
south  of  Calispell  upon  a  quarter  section  that 
he  bought  from  the  railroad  in  1898.  He  has 
made  good  improvements  upon  the  place  and 
devotes  hin-iL-elf  to  farming  and  raising  stock. 

John  Baker  was  born  in  Baker  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  March  24.  1840,  the  son  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  (Jamison)  Baker,  na- 
tives of  Beaver  county,  where  they  remained 
until  their  death.  They  were  the  parents  of 
twelve  chil(h-en :  John,  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
ticle; Henry,  \Mlliam,  Samuel.  Marquis,  Perry, 
Andrew,  Elizabeth,  Amanda,  Sarah  A.,  Rachel 
and  Catherine.  The  ancestors  were  prominent 
and  wealthy  people. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  commo'j 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  when  twenty- 
three  began  to  assume  the  responsibilities  of 
life  for  himself.  He  was  engaged  in  various 
occupations  for  fifteen  years  then  moved  to 
Wisconsin  and  took  government  land  where 
he  remained  until  1898.     He  then  sold  out  and 


came  to  Stevens  county,  purchasing  his  present 
farm  as  stated  above.  Mr.  Baker  has  mani- 
fested wisdom  and  skill  in  the  improvement  of 
his  home  place  and  is  always  allied  on  the  side 
of  progress  and  development. 

In  1872,  Mr.  Baker  married  ^liss  Hannah 
J.,  daughter  of  Meers  and  Eliza  (Kaler)  Pow- 
ell, natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Mrs.-  Baker  has  the 
following  bi-others  and  sisters :  Aleers,  David, 
William,  James,  Hilary  and  Katilda.  To  !Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Laker  have  been  born  eight  children, 
Fred,  William,  Catherine,  Tiny,  John,  George, 
Charley  and  Martin. 

In  political  matters  :\Ir.  Baker  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  is  alwavs  acti\'e  in  local  affairs. 


CHARLES  BAKER.  ^  Among  the  young- 
er men  who  are  laboring  for  the  up- 
building of  Stevens  county,  we  are  constrained 
to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr. 
Baker  is  dwelling  with  his  father,  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  volume,  and  is  associated  witn 
him  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was 
born  in  Buft'alo,  Wisconsin,  June  15,  1883,  the 
son  of  John  and  Hannah  J.  (Powell)  Baker. 
His  early  education  was  received  in  the  schools 
of  his  native,  county  and  when  his  father  re- 
moved west  he  came  with  him.  Since  then 
he  has  manifested  the  real  pioneer  spirit  and 
had  devoted  himself  especially  to  the  good  la- 
bors mentioned  above.  He  is  a  young  man  of 
good  standing,  and  is  a  skillful  nimrod. 


LUTHER  A.  LEONARD.  Perhaps  no 
other  occupation  is  so  instrumental  in  uplifting 
the  people,  in  bringing  forward  the  higher  state 
of  civilization  and  aiding  progress  as  that  of 
the  educator.  True  it  is  that  education,  wealth 
and  civilization  go  hand  in  hand.  Not  least 
among  this  worthy  class  of  people  are  those 
who  by  patience,  perseverance  and  painstaking 
labor,  fill  die  very  important  jjosition  of  district 
school  teacher.  As  a  successful  memlier  of  this 
band  of  self  sacrificing  men  and  women  we 
mention  Luther  A.  Leonard,  who  has  for  many 
years  taughr  successfully  in  various  sections  of 
the  L'nited  States.  In  fact,  ^[r.  Leonard  made 
his  own  wa^.'  through  the  higher  institutions  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


197 


education  by  teacliing  during-  portions  of  the 
year. 

Lutlier  A.  Leonard  lives  two  miles  south 
from  Calispell  and  was  born  in  Decatur,  Illi- 
nois, on  December  16,  1878,  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Elizabeth  (Foster)  Leonard,  natives  of 
Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  They 
came  to  Illinois  in  an  early  day  and  are  now  liv- 
ing on  the  old  homestead.  Our  subject  has  six 
brothers  and  sisters,  G.  ^^'.,  James  G.,  S.  T., 
John.  Cotner  A.,  and  Harvey  K.  \lr.  Leonard 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  education  in  Macon 
county.  Later  he  entered  the  Normal  at  Dixon 
then  studied  in  the  Bushneil  normal,  after 
which  he  graduated  from  the  Marion  business 
college,  being  master  of  shorthand  and  type 
writing.  During  the  long  course  of  study  he 
had  been  te;'ching  during  portions  of  each  year. 
In  due  time  we  find  Mr.  Leonard  in  Ritzville 
following  hi.s  favorite  occupation,  then  he  came 
to  Stevens  county,  teaching  here  for  a  time, 
then  he  returned  to  Illinois  on  a  visit  but  was 
soon  back  in  the  west  teaching  school  again. 
In  1899  he  bought  his  present  farm  which  is 
especially  valuable  on  account  of  having  sev- 
enty acres  of  choice  meadow  land. 

Mr.  Leonard  married  Miss  Sarah  V., 
daughter  of  Michael  and  Eleanor  (Parke) 
Simpson,  in  1902.  Her  parents  were  natives 
of  Canada  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  Mrs.  Leonard  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters :  Alonzo,  Joseph,  Malinda.  Me- 
lissa, Charles,  Anderson,  Marion,  Kargret,  Eva 
and  Benjamin. 

Mr.  Leonard  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  and 
are  hig-hly  respected  citizens. 


FLAVIUS  E.  PEASE,  residing  one-half 
mile  north  of  Calispell,  Stevens  county,  is  suc- 
cessfully engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock 
raising.  He  was  born  in  Dunn  county,  Wis- 
consin, August  17,  1869,  the  son  of  Flavins  E. 
and  Mary  A.  (Drake)  Pease,  natives  of  Ohio. 
Shortly  after  their  marriage  they  settled  in 
Iowa,  and,  following  a  residence  of  three  years, 
they  returned  to  Ohio,  and  thence  to  W^i scon- 
sin,  where,  in  1901,  they  decided  to  come  far- 
ther west,  and,  accordingly,  came  to  Stevens 
county.  Here  they  reside,  the  parents  of  nine 
children,   nr.melv.   Ora,   Albert,    Frank,    Ruth, 


Delia,  Margaret,  Eh'ira,  Walter  and  Flavins. 

The  elementary  education  of  our  sul^ject 
was  secured  in  the  town  of  Lucas,  Wisconsin, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  learned  the  trade 
of  a  printer,  and  later  went  to  Desmet,  South 
Dakota,  where  he  was  employed  on  a  stock 
farm.  Following  one  year  passed  in  this  oc- 
cupation ha  went  to  Spokane,  Washington,  in 
1886,  where  he  was  employed  on  a  stock  farm 
for  a  Mr.  Breckel  of  Peone  prairie.  In  this 
business  he  continued  until  1890,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Stevens  county,  and  engaged  ,in 
farming  anc.  stock-breeding,  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed since.  In  1894  he  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent location.  He  at  present  owns  four  hundred 
and  eighty  acres,  mainly  timber  land. 

In  1897  Mr.  Pease  was  married  to  Bertha 
L.  Keller,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Margaret 
(Happer)  Keler,  the  mother  a  native. of  Illi- 
nois, the  izAher  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Pease  hai? 
one  brother  and  one  sister,  Roy  H.  and  Nina 
May.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  have  one  child, 
Robert  Henry.  Mrs.  Pease  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Brethren  church.  She  has  been  1 
teacher  in  Stevens  and  Spokane  counties  for 
several  years. 

Politically  our  subject  is  a  Republican,  and 
staunch  andi  true  to  the  interests  of  his  party. 


EMESLEY  D.  WILSON,  an  enterprising 
and  successful  stock  farmer  of  Stevens  county, 
lives  five  miles  west  of  L^sk.  He  was  born  in 
Wise  count} ,  Texas,  the  son  of  James  A.  and 
Susan  (Brockshire)  W'ilson,  the  father  a  na- 
tive of  Tennessee,  the  mother  of  Missouri. 
They  were  married  in  the  latter  state,  but  re- 
moved to  Texas  and  lived  there  six  years.  In 
1862  the  father  enlisted  in  a  Texas  regiment, 
was  captured  and  died  in  a  military  prison  in 
1866.  The  mother  v,-as  married  to  Henry 
Ploster,  and  mo\'ed  with  him  to  Kansas,  where 
they  remained  six  years,  and  where  she  now 
lives.  She  is  the  mother  of  six  children,  four 
by  her  first  husband,  Thomas  R.,  John  L., 
Lockey  D.  and  Emesley,  and  two  by  her  sec- 
ond husband,  William  H.  and  Sarah. 

In  Cherokee  county,  Kansas,  our  subject 
received  his  early  education,  but  at  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  began  working  on  farms,  and 
this  employment  he  continued  until  twenty-five 
vears  of  age.     Following  one  year's  work  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


railroads.  Mr.  Wilson  married  and  came  to 
Spokane,  wiiere  he  remained  four  years,  thence 
going  to  Stevens  county  in  1892.  Here  he  lo- 
cated one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  and 
the  following  spring  joined  a  surveying  party, 
and  the  December  following  sold  out  his  hold- 
ings and  went  to  Spokane  where  he  engaged  in 
the  poultry  business  three  years.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  farming  four  years,  and  returned  to 
the  Calispell  valley,  where  he  has  since  lived. 
He  has  eighty  acres  of  excellent  land,  all  fenced 
with  substantial  buildings,  and  he  breeds  stock 
and  does  considerable  diversified  farming. 

In  1887  our  subject  \yas  married  to  Fannie 
L.  Penney,  daughter  of  C.  T.  and  Georgia 
Penney,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  parents  re- 
moved to  Missouri  in  1880,  but  seven  years 
later  returned  to  Washington  where  they  nov.- 
live.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children. 
The  living  are  Mollie,  Fannie  L.,  James  H., 
William  T.,  Ellen,  Nettie,  Ruby,  and  John  O. 

Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wilson,  Charles  E.,  Willard  L.,  and  Wal- 
lace A.,  ,'dl  residing  with  their  parents.  The 
political  principles  of  Mr.  Wilson  are  in  line 
with  those  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Tent  No.  10012.  and 
the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  No.  71.  Both  :\Ir.  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church. 


GEORGE  REDNOURS,  well  known 
and  highly  respected  in  Stevens  county,  resid- 
ing three  quarters  of  a  mile  north  of  Calispell, 
is  the  owner  of  a  valuable  farm,  and  is,  also, 
a  mail  contractor  with  a  route  between  Calis- 
pell and  -Milan,  Spokane  county.  He  was  born 
in  Benton  county,  Oregon,  January  12,  1859, 
the  son  of  Emerson  and  Sarah  (Howell)  Red- 
nours.  The  .father  was  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
the  mother  of  Iowa.  When  quite  young  peo- 
ple, in  1852,  they  crossed  the  plains,  settling  in 
the  far-famed  Willamette  valley,  Oregon.  The 
mother  was  only  eleven  years  of  age,  and  her 
parents  secured  land  in  the  valley.  She  vv'as 
married  to  Emerson  Rednours  in  1856,  at 
which  period  he  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Indian 
war,  then  raging,  serving  five  months.  Fol- 
lowing their  marriage  they  located  land  and 
l)egan  farm.'ng,  remaining  there  until  1877, 
when  they  removed  to  East  Washington,  thence 
to  Umatilla  cuuntv.  for  seven  vears.  and  thence 


to  Spokane  county,  where  the  father  died  in 
1897.  At  present  the  mother  resides  with  our 
subject,  in  Stevens  county.  They  were  the 
parents  of  nine  children,  one  of  whom  died  in 
infancy,  George,  Angelina,  Ella,  Clyde.  ]Mary, 
Edward,  Emma  and  Cora.  Several  of  the  male 
members  ot  the  mother's  family  were  ministers 
of  the  gospel. 

In  Linn  county,  Oregnn,  our  suliject  at- 
tended the  public  schools  during  winters,  and 
working  industriously  through  the  summer 
months.  At  the  age  of  twenty-seven  he  left 
home  and  began  farming  and  stock  raising, 
which  business  he  has  since  followed.  He  went 
to  Spokane  county  in  1882,  engaged  in  farming 
and  gardening,  and  in  1900  he  came  to  his 
present  location  in  Stevens  county.  The  first 
3-ear  he  reiUed  a  farm,  but  subsequently  pur- 
chased two  hundred  acres  of  railroad  land, 
partly  improved,  with  a  substantial  log  house 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  devoted  to 
hay.  It  is  all  fenced.  Mr.  Rednours  secured  a 
mail  contract  in  1902,  between  Calispell  and 
Milan,  Spokane  county,  and  this  he  has  re- 
cently renewed. 

On  No\ember  12,  1889,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Emma  Smith,  tlaughter 
of  James  and  Bell  (Humes)  Smith,  the  father 
a  native  ox  Illinois,  the  mother  of  Indiana. 
They  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1876. 
The  father  died  in  1898,  the  mother  still  re- 
sides in  Stevens  county.  Five  children  were 
born  to  them,  Emma,  Rose,  Elmer,  Charles  and 
Albert. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rednours  have  five  children, 
Sada,  Jesse,  Roy,  George  and  Ivie,  all  living 
with  their  parents.  The  latter  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  Politically 
Mr.  Rednours  is  a  Republican. 


ECGENE  MARKS,  a  successful  and  en- 
terprising farmer  and  lumberman  of  Stevens 
covmty,  lives  on  an  eligible  location  two  miles 
west  of  Calispell.  He  is  a  native  of  Waterloo, 
DeKalb  county.  Indiana,  where  he  was  born 
February  15,  1879.  His  i^arents  were  Jacob 
and  Fitena  Marks.  The  father  died  in  1880. 
the  mother  in  1893.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  children,  Frank,  Minnie,  Eugene  and  Bert. 
By  her  second  husband,  David  Pierson,  Mrs. 
Marks  had  one  child,  Dessie. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


[99 


The  public  schools  of  Indiana,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  our  subject,  provided  his  education,  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he  left  school  and 
engaged  in  business  for  himself,  worked  in  a 
hotel  and  followed  other  employments.  In  1901 
he  conducted  a  milk  ranch  near  Anaconda, 
Montana,  for  one  year,  subsequently  disposing 
of  the  same  and  going  to  Spokane,  where  he 
remained  tor  a  short  period,  and  then  located 
in  Stevens  county.  On  October  19,  1902,  Mr. 
Marks  filed  on  a  quarter  section  of  timber  land, 
cleared  a  portion  of  the  same  and  erected  a 
dwelling. 

Our  subject  is,  politically,  a  Democrat,  and 
enthusiastic  in  the  promulgation  of  the  doc- 
trines of  that  party. 


JAMES  MONROE,  one  of  the  pionee'-s 
of  Stevens  county,  and  successfully  engaged  in 
stock-breeding  and  farming,  resides  three  miles 
southwest  of  Usk.  He  was  born  in  St.  Johns, 
New  Foundland,  November  11,  1838,  the  son 
of  James  and  Mary  T.  (Stack)  Monroe.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  the  mother  of 
New  Foundland.  They  settled  near  St.  Johns, 
where  they  died. 

Early  educational  ad\-antages  of  our  sub- 
ject were  limited,  and  this  fact  will  be  better 
appreciated  when  it  is  known  that  at  the  age 
of  nine  years  he  began  working  with  an  uncle 
at  the  business  of  coclfishing  on  the  coast  of 
Labrador  and  Cape  Harrison.  This  arduous 
employment  he  pursued  until  he  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1848,  at  which  period  he  en- 
gaged in  mackerel  fishing,  which  he  followed 
until  1852.  That  year  he  went  to  California, 
via  Cape  Horn,  being  one  hundred  and  forty- 
fi\'e  days  on  the  trip.  Here  he  worked  in  a  ma- 
chine sliiOp,  and,  also,  made  several  voyages. 
Subsequently  he  engaged  extensively  in  min- 
ing, in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  and  Sac- 
ramento, and  in  1886  he  came  to  Stevens  coun- 
ty, Washington,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He 
brought  sixty-five  head  of  stock  into  this  val- 
ley, where  he  came  accompanied  by  E.  C. 
Rider,  and  he  now  owns  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  mainly  hay  land,  from  which  he  cuts 
about  fifty  tons  of  hay  annually.  He  raises 
about  sixty-five  head  of  stock. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1873  to  jNIar- 
garet  E.  Smith,  widow  of  Frank  Smith.     Her 


maiden  name  was  Margaret  E.  Reagan  and  she 
is  a  native  of  Tennessee. 

In  early  days  the  political  affiliations  of 
Mr.  Monroe  were  with  the  Democratic  party, 
but  of  late  years  he  has  been  a  Republican. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 


ELBRIDGE  C.  RIDER,  the  oldest  settler 
in  the  Calispell  valley,  resides  three  miles  soutli- 
west  of  Usk,  Stevens  county,  where  he  is  en- 
gaged in  general  farming  and  stock  breeding. 
Fle  is  a  New  Englander,  having  been  born  in 
Bucksport,  Maine,  September  i,  1837,  the  son 
of  Stephen  and  Rebecca  (Eldridge)  Rider. 
They  were  natives  of  Maine,  where  they  died, 
leaving  four  children. 

Our  subject  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Bucksport,  and  acquired  a  good  business  edu- 
cation, and  on  reaching  his  majority,  in  1858, 
he  went  to  California,  via  the  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama. He  at  once  engaged  in  mining  which  he 
continued  until  1885.  That  year  he  went  to 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  Idaho,  followed 
mining  one  year  and  then  located  in  Stevens 
county.  The  first  enterprise  to  engage  his  at- 
tention was  the  cutting  of  one  hundred  tons  of 
hay.  He  was  the  first  white  settler  in  this  vi- 
cinity, squatting  on  land,  and  putting  up  w  ild 
hay.  He  experienced  no  difliculty  with  the  In- 
dians, as  they  were  his  friends,  and  he  traded 
with  them  to  a  considerable  extent.  When  the 
land  upon  which  he  had  located  was  surveyed 
he  purchased  a  farm  of  the  railroad  company, 
at  one  time  owning  two  hundred  and  eighty 
acres.  This  he  subsequently  disposed  of,  and 
purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  mainly 
meadow  land,  and  on  which  he  now  resides. 
At  the  period  in  which  he  came  to  the  country 
there  were  no  roads,  and  he  was  compelled  to 
raft  his  provisions  down  the  Fend  d'  Oreille 
river  and  lake,  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  farm  ma- 
chinery. 

Mr.  Rider  is  a  Republican,  and  has  alwavs 
manifested  a  patriotic  interest  in  the  welfare  of 
his  party. 


EUGENE  B.  GREGORY,  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-breeding,  lives  nine  miles 
west  of  Newport,  Stevens  county.  He  was 
born  in  Sriohomish  county,  Washington,  Jan- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


uary  26,  1879.  His  parents  were  Jasper  C. 
and  Effie  (Powers)  Gregory,  the  father  a  na- 
tive of  New  York,  the  mother  of  Wisconsin. 
In  early  pioneer  days  they  settled  in  Iowa,  and 
later  removed  to  Minnesota,  where  the  father 
assisted  in  organizing  the  connty  in  which  lie 
resided.  Subsequently  they  came  to  Snoho- 
mish county.  \\'ashington,  where  the  father 
lived  twenty-five  years,  engaged  in  farming, 
and  where  our  subject  was  born.  They  were 
the  parents  of  eight  children,  one  of  whom  died 
in  infancy:  Charles  R.,  in  Snohomish  county; 
Harry  T. ;  Mary,  wife  of  Calvin  L.  Haskell ; 
Alice^  married  to  H.  T.  Flaugher;  Lawrence 
E. ;  James  B.,  and  Eugene  B..  our  subject. 

The  latter  was  educated  in  Snohomish 
county,  and  on  gaining  his  majority  he  en- 
gaged, in  company  v»-ith  his  brother,  in  log- 
ging. They  cut  eight  hundred  thousand  feet 
of  timber  in  King  county,  Washington,  and 
following  this  enterprise  he  was  associated  with 
his  father  in  general  farming.  He  came  to 
Stevens  county  in  1902,  where  he  located  a 
homestead,  following  farming  and  stock-breed- 
ing. On  his  quarter  section  of  land  he  has  one 
million  five  hundred  thousand  feet  of  timber, 
a  good  frame  house,  barn,  and  other  out-build- 
ings, and  his  property  is  partly  fenced.  He 
devotes  considerable  attention,  and  profitably, 
to  the  logging  industry,  and  breeds  some  stock. 

In  1900  our  subject  was  married  to  Mary 
Newmaster,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Sarah 
Newmaster.  the  father  a  native  of  Germany, 
the  mother  of  Ohio.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eight  children. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gregory  one  child  has 
been  born,  Howard  E.  The  political  affilia- 
tions of  Mr.  Gregory  are  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 


JOSEPH  ROBERTS  has  the  distinction 
of  being  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  early  settlers 
of  the  Colville  valley  and  to  minutely  relate  his 
career  would  require  a  volume  in  itself.  The 
thrilling  adventures  with  Indians  and  wild  ani- 
mals, the  long  tedious  journeys  during  the  'fif- 
ties and  'si.xties.  the  hardships  endured  in  pros- 
pecting and  mining,  together  with  the  various 
experiences  of  these  days  would  be  very  inter- 
esting reading,  but  space  forbids  more  than  a 
cursory    review.      At    the    present    time,    Mr. 


Roberts  is  dwelling  about  two  miles  north  of 
Addy,  on  one  of  the  finest  farm  in  Washington. 
He  owns  two  hundred  acres  of  fertile  land, 
which  will  produce  annually  a  net  re\-enue  of 
three  thousand  dollars.  This  farm  Mr.  Roberts 
secured  through  the  homestead  right  purchas- 
ing a  squatters  right  thereto  for  five  hundred 
dollars.  This  was  in  1873  and  since  then  he 
has  continued  here  devoting  himself  to  raising 
hay  and  stock.  He  has  sold  as  high  as  one  hun- 
dred head  in  a  year.  At  the  present  time,  he 
has  but  few  stock  and  pays  attention  entirely 
to  handling  hay. 

Joseph  Roberts  was  born  in  Canada,  on 
March  14,  1829.  the  son  of  Augusta  and  Louisa 
(Gouges)  Roberts,  natives  of  Canada,  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  Our  subject's 
grandfather  was  a  native  of  France.  ^Ir. 
Roberts  'S  the  youngest  of  eight  children, 
Frank,  August.  Michael.  Celestia,  Sophie, 
Lizzet  and  Olive.  Our  subject  was  bereft  of 
his  mother  when  two  years  old  and  five  years 
later  he  went  to  live  with  his  oldest  sister,  his 
father  having  married  again.  When  twelve 
years  of  age,  he  hired  out  for  fifteen  dollars  a 
year.  The  next  year  he  received  twenty-four 
dollars  and  the  third  year  he  got  thirty-six. 
The  fourth  year  he  was  offered  forty-five  dollars 
and  went  to  work  for  a  magistrate  where  he  re- 
mained until  he  was  twenty-four.  In  1849  he 
was  in  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  four  years  later 
he  went  to  Missouri.  Soon  thereafter  he 
crossed  the  plains,  driving  cattle  with  John 
Noble  of  the  Grand  Valley.  This  was  in  1854, 
and  the  same  year  he  went  to  Portland.  The 
following  spring  Mr.  Roberts  came  to  Stevens 
county  and  since  that  time  this  has  been  his 
headquarters.  He  mined  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
river  for  two  years  and  then  went  to  The  Dalles 
with  se\-en  hundred  dollars  and  bought  goods 
which  he  packed  to  this  valley,  selling  them  to 
good  advantage.  He  continued  in  this  business 
for  some  time.  After  this  he  made  good  money 
in  raising  hogs,  and  selling  pickled  pork  at 
fifty  cents  per  pound.  In  i860  he  bought  a 
farm  for  three  thousand  dollars  but  was  not 
successful  on  that  place  and  in  1863  came  to 
his  present  place.  Mr.  Roberts  has  his  place 
improved  in  fine  manner.  He  has  two  or  three 
residences,  several  barns,  and  plenty  of  out- 
buildings, as  vegetable  cellars,  tool  sheds,  ice- 
houses, and  so  forth. 

In  1868,  Mr.  Roberts  married  Miss  Mary 


MRS.  JOSEPH    ROBERTS. 


JOSEPH    ROBERTS. 


DONALD    MAC  DONALD. 


ISAAC    STENSGAR, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Aracasia,  and  five  children  have  been  the  fruit 
of  this  union,  three  of  whom  are  hving,  named 
as  follows :  Randolph,  Olive  Seyler,  and  Addie, 
wife  of  W.  Baulue,  in  this  county.  Mr.  Roberts 
and  his  family  are  adherents  of  the  Cotholic 
church. 


DONALD  MACDONALD  was  born  in 
Post  Creek,  Montana  in  February,  1851,  the 
son  of  Angus  and  Catherine  MacDonald.  na- 
tives of  Loch  Torridon,  Scotland,  and  Montana, 
respectively.  The  father  was  born  on  October 
15,  1816,  at  Craighouse,  R  sshire,  Scotland, 
and  came  to  the  northwest  territory  as  clerk  for 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  1838.  He  oper- 
ated on  the  head  waters  of  the  Columbia,  later 
at  old  Fort  Colville,  where  his  uncle.  Dr.  A. 
MacDonald,  was  in  charge:  then  moved  to 
Fort  Vancouver,  after  which  we  find  him  in 
Fort  Hall,  Idaho.  After  this,  he  was  in  Mon- 
tana and  finally  returned  to  Colville,  being  there 
promoted  to  a  shareholder  in  the  company.  In 
1 87 1  he  sold  his  interest  to  the  company  and 
went  to  Montana  where  he  devoted  himself  to 
stock  raising  until  his  death  on  February  i, 
1889.  The  mother  died  in  1892.  They  were 
parents  of  the  following  children :  John,  Chris- 
tie, Duncan,  Donald,  Annie,  Maggie,  Thomas 
Alexander,  Angus  P.,  Archie,  Joseph  A.,  An- 
gus C.  and  Mary.  Donald  received  his  educa- 
tion from  various  instructors  in  Stevens 
county  in  Montana  whom  the  father  hired  in 
his  home.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  stepped 
forth  to  assume  the  duties  of  life  for  himself 
and  his  first  venture  was  as  clerk  and  book- 
keeper in  the  company  store  in  Colville,  at  the 
fort,  then  at  Fort  Sheppard  in  trading  with  the 
miners  and  Indians.  Later  he  was  collector  of 
customs  under  Judge  Haynes  after  which  he 
returned  to  the  Colville  valley  and  began  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising,  which  he  has  continued 
to  the  present  time.  Mr.  MacDonald  is  also 
operating  a  hotel. 

In  1877  Mr.  MacDonald  married  Miss 
Maggie,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Julia  (Plant) 
Steinsger.  The  father  came  to  America  with 
our  subject's  father,  and  the  mother  was  guide 
for  Governor  Stevens  in  1855.  Six  children 
have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife: 
John,  deceased :  an  infant,  deceased ;  Emma, 
Julia,  Christie  and  Thomas  A.  Mr.  MacDon- 
old  is  a  Republican,  and  very  active.     He  and 


his  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  In  addition  to  his  real  estate,  hotel  and 
other  property,  Mr.  MacDonald  has  a  half 
interest  in  the  Ben  Franklin  mines,  two  miles 
north  of  Marcus,  which  already  show  great 
value. 

Our  subject's  great-uncle.  Dr.  Archibald 
MacDonald,  and  chief  factor  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  was  the  first  man  to  cross  the 
continent,  being  with  Governor  George  Simp- 
son, of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company..  It  is  very 
interesting  to  note  that  Dr.  MacDonald  was 
one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  practicing  physi- 
cian in  the  west  half  of  North  z\nierica. 


ISAAC  STENSGAR.  Amid  the  rugged 
hills  of  Scotland  was  born,  in  the  early  part  of 
the  last  century,  one  whose  adventurous  spirit 
and  love  of  exploration  led  him  soon  to  forsake 
his  native  land  and  turn  toward  the  setting 
sun.  After  traveling  over  various  portions 
of  Canada  and  the  Lhiited  States,  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and 
over  fifty  years  ago,  while  discharging  the  du- 
ties as  one  of  the  trusted  men  of  that  company, 
he  came  into  the  Colville  valley.  He  at  once 
discerned  the  wealth  that  belongs  to  this  re- 
gion and  while  still  in  the  employ  of  the  com- 
pany here  for  many  years  he  determined  to 
seek  out  a  favorable  place  and  make  this  his 
home.  Such  a  place  was' found  two  miles  north 
from  where  Addy  now  stands  and  Thomas 
Stensgar,  the  well  known,  respected  and  hon- 
ored pioneer,  made  his  home  there.  From  that 
time  until  the  dav  of  his  death,  in  1891,  Mr. 
Stensgar  never  failed  to  manifest  a  public 
spirit  and  worthy  effort  for  the  upbuilding  and 
advancement  of  the  county.  His  children,  well 
known  in  the  county,  are  mentioned  in  another 
portion  of  the  work.  Isaac,  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  was  born  on  the  old  home- 
stead on  May  11,  1865.  Two  miles  from  where 
he  now  lives,  was  located  the  little  district 
school  where  he  received  his  early  training:  as 
he  grew  up  amid  the  surroundings  of  frontier 
life  he  manifested  the  disposition  to  carry  on 
the  good  work  his  father  had  begun,  and  his 
industry  and  close  application  to  business  have 
been  rewarded  by  the  possession  of  one-haif 
section  of  valley  land.  This  is  well  improved 
with  a  large  eight-room  dwelling,  barn,  fences 
and  so  forth,  and  sustains  a  nice  bunch  of  cattle 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


besides  producing  a  large  amount  of  hay  and 
cereals. 

Mr.  Stensgar  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W. 
and  also  is  an  adherent  to  the  Catholic  church. 
He  is  a  strong  and  active  Republican  and  ever 
manifests  a  keen  interest  in  active  politics. 

Mr.  Stensgar"s  mother,  a  venerable  lady,  is 
still  living  with  him  on  the  old  homestead.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Julia  Plant.  Her  father, 
Antione  Plant,  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  the  west,  especially  in  [Montana,  and  married 
a  Flathead  woman. 


HENRY  SCHULENBURG,  who  is  in- 
terested in  farming  and  stock-breeding,  and 
resides  nine  miles  west  of  Newport,  Stevens 
county,  is  a  native  of  Germany.  He  was  born 
in  Hanover,  June  3,  1840.  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Mary  Schulenburg,  who  lived  and  died  in 
Hanover.  The  parents  of  our  subject  were 
connected  with  quite  wealthy  people  in  Ger- 
many, and  the  paternal  grandfather  was  a  dis- 
tinguished and  wealthy  resident  of  England. 
Our  subject  had  three  brothers  and  one  sister, 
Johan,  Mary,  William  and  George. 

In  Hanover  our  subject  received  an  ex- 
cellent church  schooling,  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  years  he  began  learning  the  trade  of 
a  stone  mason,  which  occupation  he  followed 
with  the  exception  of  the  time  passed  in  the 
army,  which  was  seven  years  and  eight  months. 
In  1863  he  entered  service  in  the  German-Den- 
mark war,  in  1866  he  was  in  the  Prussian- 
Hanover  v.ar,  in  1870-1  in  the  Franco-German 
war,  and  in  1876  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  located  in  Reedsburg,  Wisconsin,  remained 
two  years,  going  thence  to  Wonewoc,  same 
state,  for  three  years,  and  tlien  to  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  where  he  remained  eleven  years. 
In  1889  he  came  to  Spokane  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  two  years  subsequently  to  Stevens 
county,  locating  on  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives.  At  that  period  the  country  was  a  wilder- 
ness. Mr.  Schulenburg  could  stand  in  his  door- 
way and  see  droves  of  deer,  and  in  one  band  he 
counted  twenty-five.  His  location  was  in  the 
vicinity  of  an  old  beaver  dam,  and  the  animals 
were  so  numerous  that  the  ditches  he  dug 
would  be  filled  up  each  night,  flooding  his  land. 
Our  subject  now  has  one  hundred  acres  under 
cultivation,    devoted   mainlv   to   tame   hav.   of 


which  he  raises  excellent  crops.  The  property 
is  fenced,  and  he  has  a  good  dwelling  house  and 
substantial  barn,  twenty-four  by  one  hundred, 
with  a  capacity  of  one  hundred  and  five  tons  of 
hay.  He  raises  stock,  and  has  a  water  supply 
amply  sufficient  to  irrigate  his  entire  place 
within  ten  minutes. 

Mr.  Schulenburg  was  married  in  1865  to 
Dora  Buhr,  the  daughter  of  Henry  and  Dora 
Buhr,  natives  of  Germany.  She  was  born  in 
Ellensdorf,  Hanover,  Germany,  and  the  mar- 
riage ceremony  was  performed  in  Epstof,  Han- 
over. They  have  four  children  :  Dora  :  Emma, 
wife  of  George  Ward,  in  Stevens  county;  Wil- 
liam, a  member  of  the  Spokane  Fire  Depart- 
ment; and  Clara,  wife  of  George  Lenney.  of 
California.  Air.  and  Mrs.  Schulenburg  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Politically 
he  is  a  Republican. 


MILES  C.  KENT,  general  farmer  and 
veterinary  surgeon,  resides  seven  miles  out 
from  Newport,  Ste\-ens  county,  on  the  Pend  d' 
Oreille  rivei.  He  was  born  at  Bently  creek, 
Pennsylvania,  December  16,  1835,  the  son  3f 
Jonathan  and  Patience  (Gofif)  Kent,  natives  jf 
New  York.  When  young  they  moved  to  Penn- 
sylvania, v.here  they  lived  many  years,  but 
subsecjuently  returned  to  New  York,  where 
they  died.  They  were  the  parents  of  fourteen 
children,  one  dying  in  infancy;  Sophia,  Sam- 
uel, Vine.  Annis.  James  M..  Miles  C,  Hannah, 
Roswell,  Stephen,  Ambrose,  Hector,  Amitta 
and  Phoebe.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  our 
subject  was  a  Baptist  minister  in  New  York. 

Until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age  our  sub- 
ject attended  the  public  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood in  which  he  resided,  in  New  York. 
He  then  worked  on  a  farm  three  years,  pur- 
chased twerty  acres  of  land,  worked  for  other 
parties  with  his  team,  and  bought  and  sold 
horses,  following  this  line  of  business  until  he 
was  twenty-fi\-e  years  of  age.  In  i860  Mr. 
Kent  purchased  a  canal  boat,  on  the  Erie  canal, 
and  followed  this  business  during  the  Civil  war. 
Following  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  lie 
sold  his  boats  and  again  began  farming.  He 
also  learned  the  horse  farrier  business  and  went 
to  Michigan,  where  he  remained  until  1891,  at 
which  period  he  located  in  Stevens  county,  se- 
curino-  a  homestead  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


acres  of  lard,  wliere  he  lias  since  resided.  He 
has  seventy  acres  under  cultivation,  mainly  de- 
voted to  hay,  all  fenced  and  all  of  which  is  sus- 
ceptible of  irrigation.  There  are  on  the  place 
five  hundred  thousand  feet  of  timber  and  poles. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  i860  to  Esther 
\\'hite.  daughter  of  John  and  Hannah  White, 
the  father  a  native  of  Vermont,  the  mother  of 
New  York.  They  have  three  children  :  Min- 
nie I\I.,  wife  of  P.  F.  Bonus,  of  Buttersville, 
Mason  county,  Michigan;  F.  A.,  in  Stevens 
county:  and  Mary  E.,  living  in  Mason  county, 
Michigan. 

Mr.  Kent  is  a  Democrat,  and  interested  in 
the  various  campaigns  of  his  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M. 


GEORGE  H.  BOBIER,  engaged  in  gen- 
eral farming  in  Stevens  county,  living  five 
miles  northwest-  of  Newport,  was  born  in  Chat- 
ham, Canada,  JMay  28,  1840.  He  is  the  son  of 
Gregory  and  Sarah  (Dockerill)  Bobier.  natives 
of  Ireland,  his  ancestors  having  emigrated  to 
France  and  from  France  to  Ireland  in  the 
twelfth  cer.tury.  The  parents  of  our  subject 
went  to  C:.nada  in  1820,  where  they  died. 
They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  Eliz- 
abeth, Joseph  and  Joshua,  twins.  Wellington, 
Gregory.  Thomas,  William,  John,  Edmond, 
George  and  Sarah. 

Tire  education  of  our  subject  was  received 
in  a  log  school  house  in  Canada,  and  when  sev- 
enteen years  of  age  lie  went  west  to  Missouri. 
He  crossed  the  plains  in  i860  with  ox  teams, 
during  which  trip  r.e  met  with  a  number  of  sur- 
prising adventures,  many  of  them  e.xciting  and 
sensational.  He  followed  mining  in  Nevada 
twenty  years  with  fair  success.  In  1867  he 
made  a  big  winning  with  the  Tuscarora.  the 
pioneer  placer  mine  of  that  period.  Subse- 
quently he  lost  all  his  property  through  the  in- 
compentenc\  of  a  smelter  man.  and  he  then 
went  to  Custer.  Idaho,  v.here  he  engaged  in 
hotel  business  and  mining.  Later  he  conducted 
a  hotel  in  Oregon  five  or  six  years,  going  thence 
to  the  Blue  Mountains  in  the  business  of  log- 
ging. Two  years  after  that  he  was  taken  ill, 
and  was  laid  up  six  months,  losing  again  all  he 
was  worth.  At  Wood  ri\er  lie  burned  charcoal 
for  a  smelting  furnace,  producing  two  thou- 


sand bushels  per  day.  and  clearing  up  five  thou- 
sand dollars  in  one  year. 

Mr.  Bobier  then  drove  a  band  of  cattle  from 
the  Blue  mountains  of  Oregon  to  Newport.  In 
1891  he  left  some  of  the  cattle  at  this  point, 
went  back  to  Oregon,  and  was  gone  two  years. 
On  his  return  he  secured  a  homestead,  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  where  he  now  lives. 
In  1897  he  purchased  eighty  acres  of  railroad 
land  for  the  purpose  of  securing  title  to  the 
Cedar  Glen  ]\Iine.  Fifty  acres  of  the  homs- 
stead  are  cleared,  all  of  it  fenced  and  he  has  one 
million  feet  of  saw  timber  and  cedar  poles.  He 
raises  seventy-five  head  of  cattle,  conducts  a 
dairy,  has  twenty-fi\-e  milch  cows,  and  finds  a 
ready  sale  for  his  products. 

Mr.  Bobier  was  married  in  1876  to  J^^iss 
Roxie  Thompson,  daughter  of  A.  J.  Thomp- 
son, of  Nr.rth  Carolina.  The  ceremony  oc- 
curred at  Elko,  Nevada.  Her  parents  crossed 
the  plains  from  Illinois  to  Ruby  Valley.  Ne- 
vada, in  1865,  later  settling  at  Cheney,  Wash- 
ington, where  they  died.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  seven  children.  When  a  young  man 
our  subject  was  a  Republican.  Later  he  be- 
came a  Democrat.  He  was  the  first  road  super- 
visor in  die  town  of  his  adoption.  In  1902  he 
was  the  nominee  of  his  party  for  county  com- 
missioner, lait  was  defeated  owing  to  his  narty 
being  in  the  minority.  While  he  resided  in 
Oregon  he  was  a  member  of  the  school  board. 
Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  past  master. 


JOHN  O.  JORE.  a  successful  general 
farmer  and  stock-breeder  of  Ste\'ens  county, 
resides  four  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Scotia. 
He  was  born  in  Houston  county,  Minnesota, 
October  6,  i860.  His  parents  were  Ole  and 
Sarah  Jore,  natives  of  Norway.  When  they 
came  to  the  United  States  they  located  first  in 
Wisconsin,  remciving  to  Houston  county, 
where  the  father  died  in  1866.  The  mother 
went  to  North  Dakota,  where  she  passed  away 
in  1894.  Eleven  children  were  born  to  them, 
of  whom  five  still  live :  Andrew,  in  Minnesota ; 
John  O.,  cur  subject:  Theodore,  in  Minnesota: 
Julia,  married  and  living  in  North  Dakota ;  and 
Halver,  in  Minnesota. 

Houston  county,  Minnesota,  was  the  scene 
of  our  subject's    early    days    and    education. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


wliere  he  attended  tlie  public  schools.  At  th; 
ag-e  of  tweive  years  he  assumed  the  responsi- 
bility of  a  man's  place  on  a  farm,  and  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  years  he  rented  land  and  contin- 
ued farming  until  about  1885.  Removing  to 
North  Dakota,  he  remained,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  1890,  when  he  came  to  Stevens 
county,  located  a  homestead  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres,  and,  in  1891,  erected  a  com- 
fortable house  in  which  he  has  since  resided. 
He  has  twenty-fi\e  acres  under  cultivation,  and 
raises  twenty  head  of  stock.  He  is  surrounded 
by  substantial  farm  buildings  and  other  im- 
provements. 

In  1878  I\Ir.  lore  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Betsie  Felland,  daughter  of  Ole  K.  and  Mar- 
garet (Nestog)  Felland.  natives  of  Norway. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  in  i860,  locat- 
ing in  ]\Iadison,  Wisconsin,  where  they  lived 
four  year;.  Going  to  Minnesota  they  remained 
until  1883,  and  thence  went  to  North  Dakota, 
coming  to  Stevens  county  in  1890,  where  the 
father  at  present  lives.  The  mother  passed 
away  in  1866.  They  had  two  children,  Knute 
O.,  of  Stevens  county,  and  Betsie.  married  to 
our  subject. 

Eight  children  have  been  born  to  i\Ir.  and 
Mrs.  Jore :  Sarah,  wife  of  Horace  "Sloon ;  Lena, 
married  to  George  Gay ;  Ole ;  Tilda  ;  Johanna  ; 
Mary;  Annie  and  Mabel. 

Mr.  Jore  is  a  Republican.  Since  the  forma- 
tion of  the  scool  district  in  which  he  resides  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and 
is  active  in  local  affairs. 


WILLIAM  H.  DA^TS,  born  in  Rice 
county,  Minnesota,  on  April  17.  1869,  resides 
one  and  one-half  miles  west  of  Penrith.  Stevens 
county.  He  is  engaged  in  farming,  loggitig 
and  blacksmithing.  His  parents  were  Napoleon 
and  Elizabeth  (Van  Osdel)  Davis.  The  fa- 
ther was  a  nati\e  of  New  York,  and  in  early 
days  they  settled  in  Minnesota,  where  thev 
lived  until  1889.  They  removed  to  Washing- 
ton, where  the  mother  died  in  1S95.  Napoleon 
Davis  now  lives  near  Davenport,  in  Lincoln 
county,  \W.shington.  They  were  the  parents 
of  eight  children,  namely:  Frank,  in  Washing- 
ton ;  Alice  decea.sed :  Dora,  wife  of  Ace  Judd ; 
W.  H.  who  is  our  subject :  Luther,  residing 
with  his  father:  Effie.  married  to  .\rthur  Par- 


ker, in  \\'ashington :  Cora,  deceased:  and  Lu- 
ella,  married  to  \\'infield  Holman,  of  Daven- 
port, Waslnngton. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-ihree  years  our  sub- 
ject, having  received  a  fair  business  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Minnesota,  learned  the 
trade  of  a  blacksmith  at  Spokane,  which  he  fol- 
lowed two  years.  He  also  worked  on  farms  in 
various  localities,  and  in  1900  came  to  Stevens 
county,  where  he  has  since  remained.  He  lo- 
cated a  homestead  and  has  now  under  cultiva- 
tion twenty-five  acres,  with  eighty  acres  fenced, 
good  buildings,  and  over  one  million  feet  of 
saw  timber  on  the  land. 

In  1900  our  subject  was  married  to  Julia 
Ashley,  daughter  of  Damian  and  Eunice  (Mil- 
ler) Ashley,  natives  of  New  York  and  Canada, 
respectively.  Mrs.  Davis  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Henry,  Winifred, 
Diamond  and  Eunice,  all  in  Spokane  county. 
Mrs.  Davis  comes  from  Puritan  stock,  de- 
scended from  the  famous  Edwards  family.  Her 
ancestral  record  shows  many  names  renowned 
in  literatu.-e  and  art. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  have  two  children, 
IMabel  and  Florence.  They  are  members  of 
the  Episcopal  church.  Politically  'Mv.  Davis 
is  a  Republican. 


JOHAN  A.  voN  Z^^■EYGBERG.  deceased. 
The  subject  of  this  memoir  came  to  Stevens 
county  in  1898  in  search  of  health,  where  lie 
lived  four  years,  dying  October  2,  1902.  He 
was  born  ii;  Finland,  May  4,  1854.  the  son  of 
Captain  Gustave  A.  and  Sophia  (Thelene)  von 
Zweygberg.  natives  of  Finland,  where  they 
died.  They  were  of  a  most  distinguished  and 
wealthy  German  family,  who  went  to  Finland 
in  the  Seventeenth  century.  Two  children 
were  born  to  them,  Amelia,  wife  of  Yictor 
Geonroos,  of  \"ieburg,  Finland,  and  Johan  A., 
our  subject. 

The  latter  received  a  liberal  education  in 
Vieburg,  Finland,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two 
studied  civil  engineering,  which  he  subsequently 
followed  successfully.  Later  he  studied  navi- 
gation, graduating  with  honors,  and  for  six 
years  he  followed  the  seas  as  captain  of  va- 
rious craft.  During  one  of  his  voyages  he 
came  to  the  L'nited  States  and  located  in  Phila- 
delphia. Sending  to  Europe  for  his  wife,  he 
met  her  in  New  York,  and  thcA-  settled  'n  Buf- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


205 


falo,  but  soon  afterward  came  west,  to  Buford, 
Montana,  v,-here  he  was  in  tlie  employment  of 
the  Great  Northern  Railroad  Company,  hav- 
ing charge  of  a  number  of  pumping  stations. 
He  remained  with  the  company  five  years,  and 
owing  to  ill  health  he  came  to  Stevens  county 
in  1898,  where  he  located  a  homestead.  Our 
subject  left  a  wife  and  one  child,  Gustave  A. 

In  1878  he  was  married  to  Hilda  E.  Fahler, 
daughter  of  Johan  A.  and  Engrete  (Vink) 
Fahler,  natives  of  Sweden,  who  removed  to 
Finland,  where  our  subject  v,-as  torn.  The 
father  was  a  glass  manufacturer,  and  both 
parents  died  in  Finland,  leaving  nine  children, 
Kathleen  E.,  Emma  Talgren,  Louise  Lund- 
strum,  Johan  A.,  deceased,  Adla  S.  Sweyg- 
berg;  Hilda  E.,  Amelia  Fogerstrom,  Maria 
Grouberg,  and  Amanda  Fahler. 

Politically  our  subject  was  a  Republican, 
and  manifested  a  patriotic  interest  in  the  va- 
rious campaign  issues  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  was  a  niember  of  the  Lutheran  church  and 
the  Good  Templars,  and  was  highly  esteemed 
in  the  community  in  which  he  resided. 

Mrs.  Sweygberg  is  conducting  the  estate, 
being  assisted  by  her  two  nephews,  John  T. 
Sweygberg  and  Axel  Fogerstrom. 


KNUT  O.  FELLAND,  residing  four  and 
one-half  miles  northeast  of  Scotia,  Stevens 
county,  is  engaged  in  general  farming,  mak- 
ing a  specialty  of  hay.  He  was  born  in  Moso- 
ken,  Norway  December  19,  1856.  His  parents 
were  Ole  and  Margaret  (Nestog)  Felland,  na- 
tives of  Norway,  who  came  to  the  L^nited 
States  in  1S60.  They  settled  in  Madison,  Wis- 
consin, where  they  lived  four  years,  thence  they 
came  to  Minnesota,  living  there  until  1883, 
when  they  removed  to  North  Dakota.  In  1890 
they  came  to  Stevens  county,  where  the  father 
at  present  lives,  the  mother  dying  in  1869.  Two 
children  were  born  to  them,  Knut  O.,  our  sub- 
ject, and  Betsy,  wife  of  John  Jore,  of  Stevens 
county. 

Our  subject  was  but  three  and  one-baif 
years  of  age  when  he  came  to  the  L^iited  States. 
Huston  county,  Minnesota,  was  the  scene  of 
his  early  boj'hood  days,  and  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  began  working  for  farmers.  Five 
years  there;- fter  he  pre-empted  a  claim  in  Pem- 
bina  county,    North   Dakota,   but   three  years 


subsequently  he  went  to  Mouse  river,  same 
state,  and  thence  to  the  Black  Hills.  In  1888 
he  came  to  Sp  )kane  and  the  same  season  went 
to  the  sound,  and  in  the  fall  of  1889  came  to 
Stevens  coi'uty.  Here  he  located  his  presenr 
homestead.  In  connection  with  others  he  se- 
cured the  location  of  the  counvy  road,  and  they 
contributed  one  month's  work  toward  placing 
the  highway  in  a  suitable  condition  for  cravel. 
Then  twelve  other  men  contributed  their  serv- 
ices and  elected  a  school  house.  Mr.  Felland 
has  made  good  progress  toward  clearing  his 
farm,  having  now  fifty  acres  under  cultivation. 
He  has,  also,  half  a  million  feet  of  saw  timber 
on  his  land,  an  excellent  bam,  and  other  sub- 
stantial out-buildings.  As  illustrating  the  diffi- 
culties attendant  on  pioneer  life  in  early  days, 
it  may  be  stated  that  our  subject  was  compelled 
to  pack  his  provisions  with  a  horse  from  Spo- 
kane when  he  first  came  into  the  country. 

Politically  Mr.   Felland   is  a  Liberal,   and 
manifests  a  lively  interest  in  all  local  afifnirs. 


ROBERT  D.  ANDERSON,  farmer  and 
stock  breeder,  resides  two  miles  west  of  Pen- 
rith, Stevens  county.  Born  in  Andrew  county, 
Missouri,  June  25,  1855,  he  is  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam F.  and  Anna  (Fox)  Anderson,  natives  of 
Ohio.  When  they  were  married  they  removed 
to  Indiana,  remaining  in  that  state  eighteen 
years,  going  thence  to  Missouri,  where  they 
died.  They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  cliil- 
dren,  of  whom  the  following  survive :  Mary  A., 
wife  of  C.  M.  Clemmens,  of  Portland,  Ore- 
gon ;  Le\'i,  in  Deer  Park,  Washington  ;  Thomas, 
in  Portland:  James  L.,  in  Kansas;  Silas  P.,  in 
Portland;  Sarah  C,  married  to  Enos  Mann; 
Emma,  wife  of  Ab.salom  Pollock,  in  Andrew 
county,  Missouri;  Robert  D.,  our  subject;  Wil- 
liam A.,  in  Kansas;  and  Lydia  E.,  wife  -^f 
Charles  Coburn,  of  Washington. 

At  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  ha\-ing  re- 
ceived a  common  scliool  education  in  Andrew 
county,  our  subject  began  farming  in  Missouri. 
In  1879  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  prospected 
and  engaged  in  other  employments,  during 
which  time  he,  experienced  a  number  of  excit- 
ing adventures  with  hostile  Indians.  In  188' 
he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  going  thence  to 
Walla  Walla,  Washington,  then  back  to  Port- 
land where  he  worked  four  years  industriously 


2o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  the  truck  ami  dray  business.  Disposing  of 
his  interesl.s  in  this  locahty.  lie  returned  to 
Missouri,  but  subsequently  came  to  Latali, 
\\'asliingtcn,  remained  four  years,  and  then 
came  to  his  present  home  in  Stevens  county,  in 
1890.  He  now  has  four  hundred  acres  of  land, 
all  fenced,  and  a  portion  under  cultivation.  His 
present  location  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  county. 

On  January  14,  1886,  Mr.  Anderson  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Alary  J.  Cross,  daughter 
of  Levi  and  Sarah  J.  (Ivloore)  Cross,  the  fa- 
ther a  native  of  Ohio,  the  mother  of  Indiana. 
Following  their  marriage  they  settled  in  Iowa, 
and  later  n-.oved  to  Kansas.  Afterward  they 
came  to  Spokane  county.  Washington,  and 
thence  to  Stevens  county  in  1889.  where  the 
mother  died  The  father  still  lives  here.  They 
had  these  children,  Mary  J.,  James  B.,  Alice, 
wife  of  Willard  F.  Belknap:  Ella,  married  to 
John  McEvers,  and  Ada,  wife  of  John  Ravens. 

Mr.  Anderson  is  a  Republican.  He  has  re- 
ceived frequent  offers  of  nomination  for  office 
at  the  hands  of  his  party,  but  has  invariably  re- 
fused them.  He  has  served  as  delegate  to 
several  county  conventions,  ?nd  in  1891  served 
one  term  as  justice  of  the  peace. 


HENRY  FLAUGHER.  of  Newport, 
Stevens  county,  residing  one  mile  west  of  the 
town,  is  engaged  in  farming  and  gardening. 
He  was  born  at  Marble  Falls,  Texas,  October 
3,  1853.  the  son  of  Henry  and  Eliza  (Wilson) 
Flaugher,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  removed  to 
Illinois  at  an  early  day,  and  to  Texas  in  1848, 
settling  in  Burnet  county,  and  engaging"  in  the 
stock  business,  which  they  followed  fourteen 
years.  In  1862  the  father  was  killed  by  bush- 
whackers, and  the  mother  returned  to  Ohio, 
where  she  reared  her  family.  She  was  a  grand- 
niece  of  Governor  Vance,  of  Ohio,  and  her 
father  was  a  colonel  in  the  JNIohawk  India-.i 
war,  and  a  neighbor  of  President  Abraham 
Lincoln,  their  farms  joining.  She  was  the 
mother  of  six  children :  J.  \\'.,  of  L'rbana, 
Ohio,  an  attorney:  Henry,  our  subject:  Olive, 
a  teacher  in  the  Ohio  State  Soldiers'  and  Sail- 
ors' Orphan  Home:  Emma,  in  California: 
Matthew,  in  Indiana :  and  Hattie.  of  Kansas. 

Our  sul,>ject  remained  in  Ohio,  living  with 
an  uncle,  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  until 
he  was  twerty-tliree   followed   farming   for  a 


livelihood.  In  1878  he  came  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  rode  the  range  two  years,  visited 
in  the  east,  and  traveled  in  old  Mexico  and 
Alaska.  He  lived  twenty-one  years  in  Snohom- 
ish county,  Washington,  engaged  in  farming, 
lumbering  and  the  wheat  business,  and,  suc- 
ceeding a  sl'.ort  trip  to  Texas,  came  to  Stevens 
county,  where  he  at  present  resides.  He  has 
sixty  acres  of  land,  thirty-one  acres  of  which 
are  under  cultivation,  and  he  raises  kitchen  gar- 
den produce  and  hay.  The  property  is  fenced, 
supplied  v.'ith  good  buildings,  and  there  is  .1 
young  and  promising  orchard  on  the  place. 

Mr.  Flaugher  was  married  in  1884,  to  Alice 
E.  Gregory,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Efifie 
( Powers )  Gregory,  the  father  born  in  New 
York,  the  mother  in  Wisconsin.  They  re- 
moved to  Minnesota  and  thence  to  Snohomish 
county,  Washington,  where  they  resided  until 
1902,  going  thence  to  Stevens  county,  where 
thev  now  live.  Thev  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children:  C.  R..  Alice.  L.  E..  James  B..  H.  T., 
]\Iary,  and  Eugene. 

]\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Flaugher  have  two  children : 
Olive,  married  to  William  Carle,  of  Stevens 
county:  and  Jasper  W'.,  at  home  with  his  par- 
ents. Mr.  Flaugher  is  a  Republican  and  has 
been  a  member  of  th.e  local  school  directory  for 
the  past  eighteen  years. 


GEORGE  W.  JOHNSTON,  at  present 
engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock  breed- 
ing, residing  eleven  miles  southwest  of  New- 
port. Stevens  county,  is  of  a  family  with  a 
most  distinguished  war  record.  He  was  born 
in  Tompkins  county.  New  York.  August  5, 
1848.  the  son  of  William  and  Amy  (Parker) 
Johnston,  natives  of  the  Empire  State.  The 
mother  died  in  1850.  In  1866  the  father  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  dying  one  year  later.  He 
was  the  father  of  six  sons,  who  rendered  em- 
inent service  during  the  dark  days  of  the  Civil 
war.  Enns,  who  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Twelfth  Wisconsin  Infantry  and  died  in  1862 
at  Humboldt.  Tennessee:  Stephen  H..  who  e.i- 
listed  in  the  Fifty-eighth  Illinois,  and  was  dis- 
charged April  9.  1863.  He  re-enlisted  in  the 
regular  army  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865. 
At  present  he  resides  at  Keokuk.  Iowa.  Isaac, 
a  private  in  Company  I.  Fifth  Wisconsin,  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Rappahannock.  Sylves- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON.. 


207 


ter  AI.,  a  corporal  in  Company  A,  Thirty-sec- 
ond Infantr}",  New  York  A'olunteers,  was  dis- 
charged and  re-enHsted  October  i,  1864,  in 
Company  B.  Fifty-eighth  Ihinois  Infantry,  be- 
ing discharged  June  6,  1865.  He  now  lives  in 
Oregon.  William  H.,  of  Company  I,  One 
Hundred  and  Eleventh  New  York  Volunteers, 
enlisted  August  3,  1864.  and  was  captured  in 
action,  October  30,  1864,  and  died  in  prison,  at 
Salisbury,  North  Carolina.  George  W.,  was  a 
member  of  Company  H,  in  a  New  York  Infan- 
try regiment.  He  enlisted  February  22,  1865, 
and  was  discharged  in  the  following  Septem- 
ber, being  only  sixteen  years  of  age.  Three  of 
the  ten  children  still  survive,  viz.,  Stephen  H., 
Sylvester  M.,  and  George  W.,  our  subject. 

At  the  age  of  sixteen  the  latter  began  life 
as  a  teamster,  and  the  following  season  he  en- 
listed and  served  until  the  close  of  the  Civil 
war.  He  then  worked  on  a  farm  and  teamed 
in  Iowa,  two  or  three  years,  learned  the  trade 
of  broom-making,  and  in  1881  removed  to 
Minnesota.  In  1891  Mr.  Johnston  came  to 
Stevens  county,  and  secured  a  quarter  section 
of  land  as  a  homestead,  which  he  has  since  im- 
proved. His  principal  crop  is  timothy  hay. 
He  has  a  good  frame  house  and  two  barns,  the 
finest  of  water,  and  the  larger  portion  of  his 
land  is  irrigated.     He  raises  some  stock. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1875  to  Eliza 
L.  Farnum.  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Lititia 
(Kieth)  Farnum,  the  father  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  the  mother  of  Virginia.  They  re- 
moved to  Iowa  where  ]\Irs.  Johnston  was  torn. 
The  latter  has  three  children  :  Fred,  in  Stevens 
county;  Nettie,  wife  of  W.  H.  Andrus,  in 
\Vhitman  county:  and  Amy  L..  married  to  U. 
S.  Walker  in  Stevens  county.  Mr.  Johnston  is 
a  Liberal,  politically,  has  served  six  years  as 
deputy  treasurer,  two  as  deputy  assessor  and 
two  as  road  supervisor.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R. 


ZACHARIAH  T.  JACKSON,  general 
farmer  and  lumberman,  resides  seven  miles 
southwest  of  Newport.  He  was  born  in  Mon- 
roe county,  Ohio,  August  17.  1854.  His  par- 
ents were  Samuel  and  Deborah  (Stevens) 
Jackson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  When  quite 
young  thev  removed  to  Ohio  and  thence  to  Wis- 
consin. Flere  they  lived  until  the  period  of 
their  deaths.    The  familv  were  distantiv  related 


to  General  Jackson,  "Old  Hickory,"  and  of 
Irish  and  Scotch  descent.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  living; 
David,  of  Wisconsin;  Jesse,  of  Ohio;  Andrew; 
John;  and  Zachariah,  our  subject. 

The  lat.er  was  reared  in  Sauk  county,  Wis- 
consin, where  he  attended  the  public  schools, 
secured  a  fair  education  and  worked  for  differ- 
ent farmers  and  his  parents.  In  1901  he  came 
to  Stevens  county,  finding  various  employ- 
ments, and  finally  taking  a  homestead  of  one 
hundred  and.  sixty  acres  of  land,  having  upon  it 
eight  bundled  thousand  or  one  million  feet  of 
excellent  saw  timber. 

Mr.  Jackson  was  married  in  1875,  to  INIary 
Sanborn,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Catherine 
Sanborn,  natives  of  Illinois.  Many  years  ago 
they  located  in  Wisconsin,  where  the  wife  of 
our  subject  was  born,  and  where  they  passed 
away  some  time  since.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackson 
have  five  children;  Ralph;  Alice;  Susan,  wife 
of  Earl  Rusho;  Deborah,  married  to  Daniel 
McTagart;  and  Cleveland,  all  of  Stevens 
county. 

The  political  afiiliations  of  Mr.  Jackson  are 
with  the  Democratic  party. 


JAMES  B.  GREGORY  is  engaged  in  gen- 
eral farming  and  logging  in  Stevens  county. 
He  resides  one  and  one-half  miles  west  of  New- 
port, where  he  located  in  igoo.  Our  subject 
was  born  in  Luverne,  Minnesota,  November  13, 
1874,  the  son  of  J.  C.  and  Efiie  A.  (Powers) 
Gregory.  The  father  is  a  native  of  New  York, 
the  mother  of  \Visconsin.  When  young  they 
settled  in  Illinois,  and  in  1865  removed  to  Iowa, 
living  in  that  state  seven  years.  Going  to 
southwestern  Minnesota  they  resided  in  that 
locality  four  years.  In  1876  they  went  to  tlie 
sound  and  resided  twenty-four  years.  They 
came  to  Stevens  county  in  1901,  where  they 
are  now  located. 

Our  subject  was  practically  reared  and  ed- 
ucated in  Snohomish  county.  \\'ashington,  and 
he  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  mainly  working  in  the  woods  until  1900. 
Part  of  that  year  he  was  logging  with  four 
brothers  on  the  Snoqualmie  ri\-er.  then  he  se- 
cured a  homestead  in  Stevens  county,  compris- 
ing one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  of 
which  seventy-five  acres  are  devoted  to  hay. 
There  are  over  one  million  feet  of  saw  timber 


2o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


on  tlie  property.  Mr.  Gregory  has  a  good 
frame  house,  substantial  barn,  and  he  rents 
eighty  acres,  two  and  one-half  acres  of  which 
he  devotes  to  the  cultivation  of  vegetables,  the 
remainder  being  hay  land.  He  has  a  good 
team  and  logging  outfit,  and  six  acres  of  land 
adjoining  the  townsite  of  Newport.  He  has 
four  brothers  and  two  sisters:  C.  R.,  at  pres- 
ent living  on  the  sound;  H.  T. ;  Mary,  married 
to  C.  L.  Haskell,  now  on  the  coast;  Alice,  wife 
of  H.  T.  Flaugher;  L.  E. ;  and  Eugene  B.,  of 
Stevens  county. 

]\Ir.  Gregory  is  in  line  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  has  held  the  office  of  school  clerk  in 
his  district  for  several  terms.  Fraternally  he 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Newport  Lodge 
No.  1 80,  and  Tent  No.  5,  K.  O.  T.  M.,  of  Sno- 
homish, \^"ashington. 


GEORGE  GEAUDREAU,  residing  one 
mile  south  of  Penrith.  Stevens  county,  is  en- 
gaged in  general  farming  and  logging.  He  is 
the  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Tebert) 
Geaudreau,  natives  of  Massachusetts.  They  re- 
moved to  Canada  at  an  early  day,  where  they 
died.  Twelve  children  were  born  to  them,  some 
of  them  residing  in  Canada,  others  in  the  Uni- 
ted States.  They  are  Charles,  Betsy,  Joshua, 
Delia,  George,  Elizabeth,  Louis,  Marj^,  Frank, 
Emma  and  Jacob. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  with  but  a 
meagre  education,  he  commenced  life  for  him- 
self, and  for  three  years  was  a  navigator  on  the 
St.  Lawrence  river.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 
went  to  Stevens  Point,  Wisconsin,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  was  in  the  woods  and  on  the  rivers 
driving  logs.  In  1887  he  went  to  Minnesota 
and  devoted  the  following  years  to  farming, 
and  about  1890  went  to  Rathdrum,  Idaho,  com- 
ing to  Stevens  county  in  1891,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  located  one  thousand  six 
hundred  and  seventy  acres,  having  thirty  acres 
under  cultivation.  He  has  one  million  five 
hundred  thousand  feet  of  timber,  and  his  princi- 
pal business  at  the  present  time  is  logging. 

In  1882  our  subject  was  married  to  Lora  K. 
Shelburn.  daughter  of  H.  H.  and  Esther 
(Sitte)  Shelburn,  natives  of  Illinois.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Geaudreau  are  the  parents  of  the  follow- 
ing named  children  :  Dora,  wife  of  Edwin  Mc- 
Tush :  Victoria.  Charles,  Frank,  William,  Lil- 
lian, Guy  and  Gregory. 


The  political  principles  of  Mr.  Geaudreau 
are  in  line  with  those  of  the  Democratic  party. 
He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
churcli. 


JESSE  L.  LONG,  logger,  contractor  and 
general  farmer,  residing  two  miles  south  of 
Newport,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Dayton, 
Washington,  March  3,  1870.  His  parents,  who 
are  mentioned  in  the  article  in  this  work  de- 
voted to  John  H.  Long,  were  John  and  Ann 
W.  (Barker)  Long,  the  father  a  native  of  Ohio 
the  mother  of  Missouri. 

Our  subject  received  his  initial  schooling 
in  Columbia  county,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  was  riding  the  ranges  following  the  cattle 
of  his  father.  He  rented  land  in  1889,  in  1890 
he  engaged  in  the  meat  business,  and  in  1892 
removed  to  Sandpoint,  Idaho,  following  the 
same  employment.  Thence  he  went  to  Garfield, 
where  he  again  attended  school,  and  came  to 
Stevens  county  in  the  winter  of  1892-3.  The 
first  business  to  engage  his  attention  was  that  of 
cutting  wood  and  ties,  but  in  1898  he  went  to 
Kendrick  where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1900,  when  he  returned  to  Stevens  county, 
where  he  now  lives.  He  secured  a  homestead  in 
1 89 1  and  subsequently  purchased  forty  acres, 
making  two  hundred  acres  in  all.  Although  it 
is  mainly  timber  land  there  are  about  fifty  acres 
of  meadow,  and  he  breeds  some  stock. 

Mrs.  Long,  the  mother,  of  our  subject,  is  the 
mother  of  five  boys  and  five  girls.  With  her 
husband  she  crossed  the  plains  in  1852,  the 
party  driving  two  hundred  head  of  cattle,  one 
hundred  of  which  her  husband  owned.  Going 
to  California  they  sold  the  cows  for  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  and  two  hundred  dollars  apiece. 
While  crossing  the  plains  the  party  were  afflict- 
ed with  cholera,  from  which  several  of  them 
died.  Her  father.  Dr.  Barker,  was  among  the 
victims.  They  also  experienced  considerable 
trouble  with  hostile  Indians.  The  trip  occupied 
from  April  10,  to  September  15.  Politically 
Mr.  Long  is  a  Democrat. 


JOHN  H.  LONG,  engaged  in  lumbering, 
contracting  and  real  estate,  resides  two  miles 
south  of  Newport,  Stevens  county.  He  was 
born  in  Solano  countv,  California,  October  12, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


209 


1854.  His  parents  were  John  and  Ann  \V. 
(Barker)  Long,  the  fatlier  is  a  native  of  Ohio, 
tlie  mother  of  Missouri.  This  family  crossed 
tlie  plains  in  1852,  and  in  1859  went  over  into 
Oregon,  coming  to  Washington  in  1865.  The 
father  erected  the  second  grist  mill  northeast 
of  Walla  Walla,  in  1867,  and  this  enterprise 
he  conducted  until  1882,  when  he  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  which  he  followed  until  i8gi, 
coming  to  Stevens  county  that  year.  He  died 
in  1902.  The  mother  still  lives.  To  them  were 
born  nine  children :  Sarah  C,  wife  of  W.  S. 
Newland;  John  H.,  our  subject;  Hilah  A., 
married  to  John  W.  Ranch,  a  sketch  of  whom 
appears  elsewhere;  Dora,  wife  of  James  Brat- 
cher,  of  Idaho ;  Mary,  married  to  John  Tarbet ; 
Paulina,  wife  of  E.  M.  Ranch;  William  I.; 
Finis  W.  and  Jesse  L. 

Eugene  City,  Oregon,  was  the  scene  of  our 
subject's  Ijoyhood  days,  and  here  he  received 
the  benefit  of  the  public  schools.  When  eleven 
years  of  age  he  came  to  Washington,  engaged 
in  freighting  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  and  at 
the  end  of  fi\-e  years  began  farming.  Two 
years  later  he  came  to  Washington.  Next  he 
mined  and  worked  in  a  mill,  and  was  subse- 
quentlv,  for  two  years,  in  a  warehouse,  and 
continued  farming  three  years  afterward. 
Going  to  Garfield  county,  Washington,  he  con- 
ducted a  grain  werehouse  for  Lundy  &  Com- 
pany, and  then  removed  te  Kendrick,  Idaho,  as 
superintendent  of  a  warehouse.  Coming  to 
Stevens  county  he  purch.ased,  in  1900,  a  half 
section  of  timber  land  upon  which  he  is  now  en- 
gaged in  logging. 

Mr.  Long  was  married  in  1876  to  Xancy 
E.  Matzger,  daughter  of  William  and  Abigail 
(Allen)  Matzger,  the  father  a  native  of  Ger- 
many. They  first  located  in  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  thence  coming  to  Dayton,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  died.  His  widow  removed  to 
Stevens  county,  and  followed  her  husband  in 
1903. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Long  have  three  children ; 
Elsa,  wife  of  J.  E.  Harris,  of  Stevens  county; 
Lenna  Leota,  wife  of  Charles  Martin,  of  North- 
port  ;  and  Alta,  single,  and  residing  with  her 
parents. 

Politically  ]\Ir.  Long  is  a  Democrat.  In 
Columbia  county  he  was  apjDointed  deputy 
sheriff  under  R.  P.  Steen,  and  elected  constable. 
In  1877  he  was  one  of  four  from  Dayton  to 
volunteer  to  go  to  the  scene  of  the  Indian  war 


for  information.  This  was  a  perilous  trip.  In 
company  with  Captains  Hunter  and  Randall 
Mr.  Long  crossed  the  Salmon  river  to  locate 
the  Indians.  Later  Randall  was  killed  at  the 
Cottonwood  fight. 

While  in  camp  with  ]Mt.  Idaho,  Lewiston 
and  Garfield  county  volunteers  at  Mt.  Misery, 
the  Indians  attacked  the  party  at  night  taking 
many  of  the  horses,  and  the  next  day  our  sub- 
ject traveled  barefooted  to  Grangeville,  having 
worn  out  his  shoes.  He  assisted  in  burying  the 
dead  at  Salmon  river.  Following  this  trouble 
with  hostile  Indians  he  returned  to  Dayton. 
In  1880  he  went  to  Gai-field  county;  later  to 
Latah  county,  and  finally  in  1900  he  came  to 
Stevens  county. 

Mr.  Long  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  the 
A.  O.  v.  W.  Mrs.  Long  is  a  member  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterians.  Mr.  Long  was  a 
delegate  to  the  state  convention  at  Walla  Walla 
when  Voorhees  was  nominated  for  congress. 
At  that  time  Washington  was  a  territory. 


GEORGE  COPP,  residing  at  Echo,  Ste- 
vens county,  is  engaged  in  general  farming 
and  stock-breeding.  He  is  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri, having"  been  born  at  Herman  March  5, 
1863.  His  parents  were  George  and  Barbara 
( Fisher)  Copp,  natives  of  Germany.  The  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  our  subject  was  with 
Napoleon  when  defeated  at  the  burning  of  Mos- 
cow. The  father  of  our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1848.  He  had  been  a  member 
of  a  secret  society  in  Germany,  of  which  also 
General  Sigel  of  the  American  army  was  a 
member.  The  object  of  the  society  was  to  over- 
throw the  government  and  establish  a  republic. 
The  plot  being  discovered  to  the  government, 
many  implicated  in  it  escaped  to  the  United 
States  and  many  of  their  more  unfortunate 
companions  were  decapitated.  The  mother  came 
to  the  LTnited  States  in  1853.  They  settled  in 
Gasconade  county,  Missouri,  and  here  the 
mother  died  in  1864.  Her  husband  survived 
her  thirty-three  years,  passing  away  in  1897. 
They  are  survived  by  five  children  :  John,  in 
Missouri;  Andrew;  Caroline,  wife  of  Mr. 
Flohr.  of  St.  Louis;  Christina,  married  to  Mel- 
chior  Shindler,  of  Missouri ;  and  George,  the 
subject  of  this  article. 

The  latter  is  well  educated  in  f^icrman  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Englisli.  and  when  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
began  working  for  himself,  farming  at  first,  and 
subsequently  going  to  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin, 
where  for  three  years  he  was  logging  in  the 
pine  woods.  After  eighteen  months  as  clerk 
in  a  store  he  removed  to  South  Dakota  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  five  years.  In  1891  our  sub- 
ject came  to  Moscow,  Idaho,  remained  four 
years,  disposed  of  his  accumulated  property 
and  located  in  Stevens  county.  Here  he  se- 
cured a  homestead  upon  which  he  lived  until 
1900.  erecting,  meantime,  good  buildings  and 
other  improvements.  Then  he  purchased  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  which  is  improved 
with  residence,  barn  and  other  outbuildings. 
This  property  he  disposed  of  in  1903.  purchas- 
ing the  quarter  section  upon  which  he  at  pres- 
ent resides.  Forty  acres  of  this  land  are  culti- 
vated, and  he  has  good  buildings  and  other  im- 
provements.    He  breeds  horses  and  cattle. 

Mr.  Copp  was  married  in  1889  to  Helen 
Klein,  daughter  of  John  Klein.  She  was  born 
and  reared  in  Clark  county,  Iowa.  They  have 
five  children,  all  residing  at  home.  Alpha, 
Vitus,  Leuita,  Sylvia  and  Lorene. 

The  political  affiliations  of  Mr.  Copp  are 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  is  precinct 
committeeman  and  road  supervisor.  Air.  and 
Mrs.  Copp  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
church.  Mr.  Copp  is  just  completing  a  barn. 
fcrty  by  sixty  feet,  which  it  the  finest  building 
of  its  kind  in  Echo  vallev. 


JOHN  W.  RAUCH,  an  enterprising  and 
progressive  pioneer  of  Stevens  county,  and 
closely  identified  with  the  commercial  indus- 
tries of  Newport,  resides  one  and  one-half  miles 
west  of  this  place,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in 
general  farming  and  lumbering.  He  was  born 
in  Dayton,  Ohio,  May  7,  1855,  the  son  of  G. 
W.  and  Sarah  J.  (Maus)  Ranch,  natives  of 
Ohio.  The  family,  of  distinguished  ancestry, 
had  resided  in  this  vicinity  two  hundred  years, 
and  the  eminent  sculptor.  Christian  Ranch,  was 
one  of  this  number.  It  was  in  Miami  county. 
Ohio,  to  which  locality  his  family  had  moved, 
that  our  subject  received  his  education. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  life  as  a 
clerk  in  a  grocery  store,  coming  in  1877  to  Day- 
ton, Washington,  where  he  continued  te  reside 
five  years.  He  was  employed  in  the  crjunty 
auditor's  office  preparing  the  first  set  of  ab- 


stract books  in  Columbia  county.  The  fijllow- 
ing  five  years  he  accumulated  about  forty  thous- 
and dollars  in  the  real  estate  business,  and  then 
located  in  Stevens  county.  He  was  appointed 
United  States  commissioner  and  ser\ed  eight 
years,  resigning  for  the  purpose  of  engaging 
in  the  lumbering  business.  He  owns  five  hun- 
dred acres,  mainly  timber  land,  and  conducts 
an  extensive  business. in  logging,  employing  a 
large  force  of  men. 

In  1879  Mr.  Rauch  was  married  to  Hilah 
A.  Long,  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  W. 
(Barker)  Long,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Missouri 
respectively.  They  came  west  in  1852,  her  ma- 
ternal grandfather.  Dr.  Barker,  dying  while 
crossing  the  plains.  They  located  in  Califor- 
nia, near  Santa  Rosa,  in  1862,  subsequently 
removing  to  a  point  near  \\"alla  Walla,  Wash- 
ington, and  in  1891  they  came  to  Stevens  coun- 
ty, where  the  father  died  in  1902.  The  mother 
still  lives.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  chil- 
dren, nine  of  whom  survive :  Catherine  C, 
wife  of  W.  S.  Newland ;  John  H. ;  Hilah  :  Dora, 
married  to  James  Bratcher:  Liewemma,  wife 
of  J.  B.  Tarbet;  Pauline  J.,  wife  of  E.  M. 
Rause;  William  I. ;  F.  W.  and  Jesse  L. 

The  parents  of  our  subject  had  six  children  : 
James  B.,  of  Galena,  Kansas;  L'rilla  J.,  wife  of 
\\'esley  White,  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  IMetta  A., 
wife  of  Frank  Drake,  of  Chillicothe.  Ohio;  and 
Austia,  living  in  Ohio.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rauch 
have  five  children,  R.  R.,  Myrven,  Nellie.  Jewel 
W.  and  Harold,  all  living  with  their  parents. 
Mr.  Rauch  is  a  Democrat.  In  1881  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  Garfield  county,  and  re- 
elected in  1883.  He  was  the  first  city  clerk  of 
Dayton,  and  lias  been  school  director  many 
years. 

The  fraternal  affiliations  of  our  subject  are 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  which  order  he  joined  in 
1875  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana;  the  K.  of  P., 
Dayton,  Washington;  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  hav- 
ing been  made  a  Mason  in  Pomeroy,  Washing- 
ton, in  1882:  and  the  R.  A.  M.,  of  Pomeroy. 
Mrs.  Rauch  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
church  at  Newport. 


DAVID  M.  WATTS,  residing  one  mile 
south  of  Echo,  Stevens  county,  is  engaged  in 
farming  and  logging.  He  was  bom  in  Canton, 
North  Carolina,  November  5,  i860.  His  par- 
ents   were    David    and    Susan     (Henderson) 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Watts,  natives  of  North  Carolina.  They  re- 
moved to  East  Tennessee,  but  returned 
to  North  CaroHna,  where  they  now  hve. 
They  were  parents  of  seven  children:  Martha, 
wife  of  Melvin  Christopher,  of  North  Carolina ; 
Dosha,  married  to  Robert  IMcElrath;  Judson 
O. ;  Joseph;  Roland:  our  subject,  David  M. ; 
and  \\'illiam  R.,  deceased. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  received 
at  Canton  and  W'eaverville,  North  Carolina, 
and  in  Tennessee.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two 
years  he  was  teaching  school,  which  occupa- 
tion he  continued  four  years.  He  then  traveled 
for  the  Empire  Stove  Company  ten  years,  and 
subsequently  conducted  a  saw  mill  until  1901, 
when  he  came  to  Washington  and  began  farm- 
ing where  he  now  lives.  He  is  living  on  a 
quarter  section  of  land,  thirty  acres  of  which  is 
under  cultivation,  and  he  owns  six  head  of 
cattle  and  three  horses,  comprising  his  logging 
outfit. 

Mr.  Watts  was  married  in  1890  to  Cora 
Furniss,  born  in  Bastrop,  Louisiana,  in  1869, 
at  which  place  the  ceremony  was  performed. 
They  have  three  children,  all  residing  at  home, 
Jeffrey  P.,  Furniss  L.  and  Loy.  Mr.  Watts  is 
a  staunch  Democrat  and  manifests  a  patriotic 
interest  in  all  local  affairs,  and  is  in  every  way 
a  worthy  and  highly  respected  citizen.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Canton,  North 
Carolina,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Methodist  church. 

From  1888  to  1892  ^Nlr.  Watts  was  in  the 
general  merchandise  business  in  Dunsmore, 
North  Carolina.  And,  although  a  Democrat, 
he  held  through  President  Harrison's  adminis- 
tration the  postmastership  there. 


JANE  E.  BRUCE,  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Stevens  county,  and  one  of  the  larg- 
est holders  of  landed  property,  resides  at  Echo, 
engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  and  general 
farming.  She  was  born  at  East  Lansing,  New- 
York,  March  11,  1833.  Her  parents  were  Rob- 
ert and  Rebecca  (Cooper)  Bruce,  natives  of 
New  York,  who  subsequently  removed  to  ]\Iich- 
igan,  where  they  died.  The  father  was  a  dis- 
tant relative  of  the  late  eminent  Peter  Cooper, 
of  New  York.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children:  Lora  A.,  wife  of  Bishop  Hotch- 
kiss,    of    Spokane;    Mary    M.,    wife   of    Arby 


Shoop,  deceased;  Caroline  C.  married  to  Je- 
rome Miller,  of  Indiana ;  and  Jane  E.,  our  sub- 
ject. 

Having  availed  herself  of  such  educational 
advantages  as  were  provided  by  the  public 
schools  in  her  neighborhood,  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen years  our  subject  began  to  learn  the  tailor's 
trade  to  which  she  was  apprenticed  four  years. 
At  this  business  she  continued  until  1885  when 
she  came  to  Washington.  She  kept  house  for 
Robert  Bruce  six  months,  at  the  termination  of 
which  they  were  married.  In  1902  Mr.  Bruce 
lost  his  reason,  and  since  then  our  subject  has 
successfully  conducted  the  business.  She  owns 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  including 
the  townsite  of  Echo.  She  has  donated  a  lot  for 
a  store  building  and  also  one  million  five  hun- 
dred thousand  feet  of  lumber,  and  it  is  conceded 
that  she  has  the  best  farm  in  the  valley.  The 
marriage  ceremony  between  our  subject  and 
Robert  Bruce  was  performed  June  9,  1886. 

At  the  time  Mrs.  Bruce  came  to  Washing- 
ton she  passed  through  a  thrilling  experience 
in  ^lontana.  The  party  with  whom  she  was 
traveling  were  fired  upon  by  cowboys.  Our  sub- 
is  the  only  one  of  the  early  settlers  now  residing 
in  the  vallev. 


JESSE  R.  HALL,  at  present  engaged  in 
mining,  general  farming  and  stock-breeding, 
has  had  a  long  experience  in  Washington  jour- 
nalism, and  been  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  a 
number  of  excellent  papers.  He  resides  two 
miles  east  of  Bossburg,  Stevens  county.  He 
was  born  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  December 
12,  1852,  the  son  of  Francis  and  Pearcy(  Price) 
Hall,  natives  of  North  Carolina.  When  quite 
young  they  located  in  Missouri,  the  father  dy- 
ing in  1878,  and  the  mother  in  1900  at  the  age 
of  eighty-seven  years.  They  were  the  parents 
of  fourteen  children,  of  whom  there  are  living: 
William  A.,  in  Missouri ;  S.  F. ;  Lizzie,  wife  of 
R.  M.  Johnson,  of  New  Mexico;  Mary,  mar- 
ried to  William  McKissick,  of  Colorado;  Mar- 
tha, wife  of  Louis  .Gallagher,  of  Missouri ;  and 
our  subject,  Jesse  R. 

Having  received  an  excellent  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Ray  county,  Missouri,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years  our  subject  went  to 
Colorado  where  he  followed  mining  four  years. 
He  then  learned  the  trade  of  machinist,  and  for 
eighteen   months   was   a   locomotive  engineer. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


In  1S83  he  went  to  Seattle,  Washington,  pur- 
sued his  trade,  and  for  four  3^ears  was  engaged 
in  tlie  newspaper  business  on  the  Jiitcniatioiial 
Vidcttc  at  Sumas,  Washington.  Coming  to 
Kettle  Falls  in  1894  he  purchased  a  newspaper 
plant  and  edited  the  paper  a  year  and  a  half. 
Then  he  bought  the  Colville  Standard,  consoli- 
dating it  with  another  paper,  and  the  name  was 
the  Pioneer-Standard.  Having  edited  this  paper 
with  ability  for  one  year  he  disposed  of  the 
same  and  began  mining  which  he  pursued  suc- 
cessfully. He  also  purchased  a  farm  of  which 
he  has  thirty  acres  under  cultivation.  He  is 
interested  in  the  "Uncle  Sam""  mine  in  Stevens 
county,  and  a  number  of  other  promising  pros- 
pects. 

]\Iay  14,  1S74,  Mr.  Hall  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Alary  J.  Baker,  daughter  of  Preston 
and  Jane  (Clark)  Baker.  She  was  born  in  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri.  They  have  three  children : 
Elmer  D.,  in  the  newspaper  business  at  What- 
com, Washington;  Emery  L.,  and  Elvie  R., 
the  latter  residing  with  her  parents. 

Air.  Hall  is  a  staunch  Republican,  a  strong 
supporter  of  his  party,  both  personally  and  with 
the  influence  of  such  papers  as  he  may  control. 
He  has  served  eight  years  as  notary  public,  and 
at  present  is  United  States  commissioner  of  the 
District  of  Washington;  Fraternally  he  is  a 
member  of  Bossburg  Lodge  No.  164,  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  the  encampment  at  Whatcom,  and  the 
W.  \\'. 

Mr.  Hall  was  recently  appointed  postmaster 
at  Bossburg,  and  in  connection  with  the  duties 
thus  incumbent  upon  him  he  is  operating  a  first- 
class  drug  store.  Upon  his  appointment  to  the 
postmastership  he  resigned  the  position  of  Uni- 
ted States  commissioner. 


CHRISTOPHER  T.  HOUTCHENS,  liv- 
ing seven  miles  east  of  Bossburg,  Stevens 
county,  is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising. 
He  was  born  in  Lawrenceburg,  Anderson 
county,  Kentucky,  January  19,  1863,  the  son 
of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Sappington) 
Houtchens,  natives  of  Kentucky.  At  an  early 
day  they  settled  near  Lawrenceburg  where  they 
died.  They  had  twelve  children  of  w'hom  there 
are  living:  John  S.,  Susan  J.,  wife  of  James 
Cox,  James  W.,  in  Missoula,  Montana,  George 
F.,  Samuel  R.,  in  Texas.  Catherine,  Christopher 


T.,  our  subject,  and  Robert  P.,  now  in  Illinois. 

Our  subject  attended  school  in  Blandins- 
ville,  Illinois,  until  he  was  si.xteen  years  of  age, 
and  then  came  to  Alontana,  where,  for  awhile 
he  clerked  in  a  store,  subsecjuently  purchasing 
a  team  and  engaging  in  freighting  nine  years. 
In  1888  he  came  to  Spokane,  Washington,  fol- 
lowing the  same  line  of  business  two  years,  and 
in  1890  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  and  secured 
the  homestead  upon  which  he  at  present  re- 
sides. Two  years  he  was  engaged  in  mining. 
Mr.  Houtchens  has  .sixty  acres  of  land  under- 
cultivation,  fifty  head  of  stock,  and  does  con- 
siderable freighting.  He  is,  also,  quite  an  ex- 
tensive dealer  in  horses. 

Our  subject  was  married,  in  1889,  to  Aliss 
Katie  Campbell,  her  parents  being  natives  of 
Scotland,  where  her  father  died.  Her  mother 
now  resides  in  Spokane.  They  were  the  parents 
of  seven  children,  Peter,  Andrew,  Lochlan, 
Sarah,  wife  of  I.  A.  AlcClintic.  of  Latah, 
Washington,  James,  Mary,  wife  of  Augustus 
Rinkert,  and  Katie,  wife  of  our  subject. 

The  political  principles  of  our  subject  are 
identified  with  the  Republican  party. 

The  following  named  children  have  been 
Ixirn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Houtchens:  Hazel, 
Stella,  Blanche,  Rollin  and  Wayne. 


HANS  ANDERSON,  a  successful  and 
enterprising  farmer,  fruit  grower  and  stock 
breeder,  resides  one  mile  and  one-quarter  south- 
east of  Bossburg,  Stevens  county.  He  was 
born  eight  miles  from  Christiana,  Norway, 
December  28,  1862.  His  parents  were  Andrew 
and  Olive  (Wolson)  Haakenson,  natives  of 
Norway,  where  the  father  died.  The  mother 
came  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  Polk 
county,  Minnesota,  where  she  passed  away. 
Five  children  were  born  to  them,  Ole.  Edward, 
Oliva,  deceased,  Hans,  and  Charles,  deceased. 
His  father  served  in  the  army  and  his  paternal 
grandfather  participated  in  the  war  between 
Sweden  and  Norway. 

Our  subject  receivetl  an  excellent  education 
in  Norway.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
until  the  age  of  fourteen,  and  then  was  taught 
in  the  higher  branches  by  a  neighboring 
preacher,  with  whom  he  remained  one  year, 
passing  a  good  e.xaminati(Mi  at  the  end  of  his 
studv.     .\t  the  age  of  seventeen  vears  he  came 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


213 


to  the  United  States,  wliere  he  supported  his 
mother  and- the  younger  children.  They  hved 
in  Minnesota  and  Dakota,  and  in  18891  our 
subject  came  to  Stevens  county,  Washington, 
wliere  he  secured  a  quarter  section  of  land.  He 
was  compelled  to  work  out  until  he  could  im- 
prove his  farm  sufficiently  to  permit  its  being 
profitably  worked.  He  purchased  four  horses, 
and  for  a  period  engaged  in  freighting, 
receiving  as  high  as  eight  dollars  a  day  for  this 
work.  Two  years  subsequenth'  he  mo\-ed  on 
to  his  place,  having  purchased  one  hundred  and 
forty  acres  more,  making  three  hundred  acres 
in  all,  and  having  eighty  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion, all  fenced,  with  substantial  buildings, 
and  other  conveniences.  He  has,  on  an  average, 
twenty  head  of  stock. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1899  to  Gertie 
Olson,  a  native  of  Norway,  who  came  to  the 
United  States  with  her  husband.  They  have 
three  children,  Emma,  Jennie,  and  Hilda,  all 
at  home  with  their  parents.  The  political  prin- 
ciples of  our  subject  are  in  line  with  those  of 
the  Republican  party,  and  he  is  a  member  of 
Bossburg  Lodge,  No.  164,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  he 
and  his  family  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
church. 

Mr.  Anderson  has  an  orchard  of  six  hundred 
trees,  and  specimens  of  fruit  raised  by  him  hzxe 
been  sent  to  Florida  for  exhibition. 


BURRELL  W.  CHAPIN,  stock  breeder 
and  general  farmer,  residing  six  miles  east  of 
Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county.  New  York,  August  14,  1842.  His 
parents  were  Joel  and  Lucy  E.  (Eley)  Chapin. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  the  Empire  state, 
and  the  mother  was  born  in  Massachusetts. 
The  family  located  in  Niagara  county.  New 
York,  removing  in  1852  to  Illinois,  where  they 
remained  three  eyears.  They  then  went  to 
Green  county.  Wisconsin,  and  seven  years 
subsequently  to  Iowa,  where  they  died.  Five 
children  were  born  to  them,  of  whom,  Julietta, 
now  in  South  Dakota,  Eh'ira,  widow  of  George 
Burns,  and  Burrell  W.,  our  subject,  survi\-e. 

Illinois  and  Wisconsin  were  the  scenes  of 
our  subject's  early  days,  and  in  these  states  he 
attended  public  schools  and  acquired  an  excel- 
lent business  education.  On  gaining  his  major- 
ity he  accepted  the  fortunes  of  life,  on  his  own 


account,  and  began  the  world  by  crossing  the 
plains  in  1864,  in  company  with  Captain  Fisk. 
During  this  perilous  trip  the  party  was  attacked 
by  Indians  and,  at  one  time,  our  subject  was 
nearly  run  down  during  a  frantic  stampede  of 
buffalo.  He  located  in  Helena,  Montana,  where 
he  mined  and  prospected  four  years,  and  en- 
gaged in  railroad  work  three  years  more.  In 
1867  he  removed  to  Iowa,  where  for  twenty 
years  he  engaged  in  general  farming.  Selling 
out  this  property  he  came  west  and,  until  1895, 
traveled  extensively  throughout  the  country. 
He  purchased  a  farm,  known  as  the  "Bruce 
Ranch,"  in  Stevens  county,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  His  son  has  four  hundred  acres,  two 
hundred  of  which  are  under  cultivation.  The 
property  is  enclosed  with  three  miles  of  fence, 
and  the  buildings  are  commodious  and  substan- 
tial. Mr.  Chapin  is,  also,  interested  in  a 
number  of  valuable  mining  properties. 

In  1874  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Lizzie  Hilliker,  daughter  of  E.  G.  and  Maria 
(Reese)  Hilliker,  natives  of  New  York.  They 
first  settled  in  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  sub- 
sequently removing  to  Iowa,  where  they  died, 
leaving  two  children,  Samuel  and  Lizzie.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Chapin  have  two  children,  Charles  E. 
and  Edith  M.,  both  residing  with  their  parents. 
Mr.  Chapin  is  a  Republican. 

In  the  bench  country  of  Montana,  Mr. 
Chapin  owns  a  placer  claim  which  washes  one 
dollar  to  each  pan. 


CHARLES  H.  WESTON,  residing  seven 
miles  east  of  Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  is  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business  and  general  farm- 
ing. He  was  born  in  Milton,  Oregon,  July  17, 
1 88 1.  His  parents  were  E.  S.  and  Elizabeth 
(McCoy)  Weston,  the  father  a  native  of  Iowa 
and  the  mother  of  Texas.  Sketches  of  the 
parents  of  Charles  H.  \Veston,  our  subject, 
appear  in  another  portion  of  this  work. 

LTntil  the  age  of  sixteen  our  subject 
attended  the  district  schools  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Farmington,  Washington,  and  then  he  began 
the  world  on  his  own  account,  following  the 
occupation  of  a  farmer  for  two  years.  He  then 
turned  his  attention  to  mining,  and  prospected 
in  various  localities  two  years  more,  and  then 
engaged  in  the  saw  mill  business  in  the  vicinity 
of  Bossburg.     He  now  has  se\'enty-five  head 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  horses,  and  is  largely  interested  in  mining 
enterprises  in  British  Columbia. 

The  father  of  our  subject,  Eli  S.  Weston, 
came  to  Washington  in  1886,  and  located  in 
Stevens  county,  where  he  engaged  in  farming. 
Our  subject  has  one  brother  and  three  sisters. 
William  E.,  Jessie  N.,  i\Iary  E.,  and  Lillian  B. 
Politically  Mr.  A\'eston  is  a  staunch  Republican, 
and  takes  a  patriotic  interest  in  local  politics. 


ELWOOD  D.\Y,  residing  four  miles  north 
of  Echo,  Stevens  county,  is  engaged  in  general 
farming  and  stock-breeding.  He  was  born  in 
Long  Island,  Kansas,  October  5,  1881,  the  son 
of  William  and  Susan  (Gammon)  Day.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  England,  and  the  mother 
of  Iowa.  They  settled  in  Kansas  where  they 
lived  twenty  years,  coming  to  W'ashington  in 
1889.  Here  William  Day  secured  a  contract 
for  grading  streets,  at  Spokane,  and  they  moved 
to  Stevens  county  in  1888,  taking  a  quarter 
section  of  land,  where  they  lived  until  1900, 
when  the  father  died.  Thereafter  the  mother 
conducted  the  farm  and  reared  the  family. 
They  were  the  parents  of  six  children :  Willis, 
in  the  Indian  Territory ;  Richard,  Joseph  and 
Elmer,  in  Stevens  county ;  Mollie."  married  to 
Thomas  Stack,  in  Victoria,  Canada ;  and  El- 
wood,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

The  first  schooling  received  by  the  latter 
was  in  Stevens  county,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
year  he  began  working  at  different  employ- 
ments, buying,  in  1899,  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  land,  upon  which  he  now  lives.  He  has 
forty  acres  under  cultivation  and  five  hundred 
thousand  feet  of  saw  timber  on  his  place.  He 
owns  fifteen  head  of  cows,  four  head  of  horses, 
and  has  eighty  acres  fenced,  with  a  good  house 
and  outbuildings. 


FRANK  HIBERT,  a  prosperous  farmer 
and  stock  breeder,  residing  six  miles  east  of 
Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Quebec, 
Canada,  August  16,  1849,  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Beledo  (Theakers)  Hibert,  natives  of  Can- 
ada, where  they  died.  They  were  descendants  of 
French  ancestry  and  the  parents  of  twelve 
children,  of  whom  sur\-ive  Peter.  Joseiih. 
Michael,  I-'rank,  Thomas,  Ellen.  Paul,  .\rthur. 
and  Octave. 


Frank  Hii^ert,  our  subject,  received  but. 
slender  schooling  during  his  boyhood  days,  as 
he  was  raised  in  the  back  woods,  and  left 
Quebec  when  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He, 
thus,  possessed  none  of  the  advantages  offered 
to  others  of  his  class,  but  he  has  availed  him- 
self of  every  opportunity  to  secure  education 
sufficient  to  enable  him  to  conduct  business. 
While  still  a  boy  he  went  to  London,  Ontario, 
worked  on  a  farm  and,  also,  for  a  doctor,  taking 
care  of  the  latter' s  horse.  Two  years  subse- 
quently he  went  to  Orangeville,  and  worked  on 
a  railroad.  For  several  years  he  followed  min- 
ing in  Canada  and  Michigan,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Duluth  and  Ashland,  and  was  for  four 
years  in  St.  Paul  in  a  lumber  mill.  Coming  to 
Butte,  Montana,  he  remained  two  years,  then 
went  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  1887  he  came  to 
his  present  location,  where  he  worked  for  Mr. 
Bruce  six  months,  after  which  he  filed  on  a 
ranch  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  In  1899 
he  purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  more, 
having  now  one  hundred  and  twent)'  acres 
under  cultivation,  good  buildings,  the  land  all 
fenced  and  well  watered.  He  raises  consider- 
able stock  and  does  diversified  farming. 

In  1900  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Janet  Dixon,  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Jennie  (Shepard)  Dixon,  who  were  born  in 
Scotland,  and  are  at  present  living  in  Stevens 
county. 

Mr.  and  Mr^.  Hibert  have  two  children, 
George  and  Alice,  both  of  whom  are  living  at 
home  with  their  parents.  Politically  Mr. 
Hibert  is  a  Liberal. 


JAMES  G.  WILEY,  engaged  in  diversi- 
fied farming  and  stock  breeding,  six  and  one- 
half  miles  northeast  of  Bossburg,  Stevens 
county,  was  born  in  Meigs  county.  Ohio,  in 
January  1845.  His  parents  were  Hugh  and 
Huldah  (Fellows)  Wiley,  the  father  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  mother  of  \'ermont.  The 
family  removed  to  ]\Iinnesota  in  1856,  locating 
on  Rum  river,  where  they  died.  They  were 
lx)th  of  Scotch  descent,  and'  the  parents  of  eight 
children,  six  of  whom  survive:  Thomas  J.; 
Henry  H. ;  Samaria,  wife  of  Benjamin  Barret, 
of  Minnesota:  J.  H.,  in  Ballard.  Washington; 
James  G.,  our  subject ;  and  Mary  E.,  wife  of  O. 
S.  Miller,  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  legis- 
lature. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


215 


The  education  of  our  subject  was  obtained 
in  Ohio  and  Minnesota,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
he  began  the  world  on  his  own  account,  going 
to  Champhn,  ^Minnesota,  and  engaging  in  lum- 
Ijering.  Here  he  remained  three  years,  and  lost 
his  saw  mill  by  fire.  He  then  removed  to 
Fredonia,  Kansas,  staying  three  years,  thence 
to  Arizona,  in  the  lumber  business,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  ten  years  he  sold  out  and  came 
to  Palouse  City,  Washington,  and  was  iden- 
tified with  the  mercantile  business.  Ten  years 
later  he  went  to  Rossland,  British  Columbia, 
and  in  1895  secured  a  contract  from  the  Leroi 
Mining  Company  to  haul  ore,  remaining  there 
until  the  railroad  was  built,  when  he  opened  a 
feed  and  grain  store.  Two  years  subsequently 
he  came  to  Stevens  county,  it  being  1898,  and 
purchased  a  farm  in  Echo  valley,  where  he  at 
present  resides.  He  has  sixty-five  acres  under 
cultivation,  and  fenced,  and  raises  considerable 
stock. 

In  1878  our  subject  was  married  to  Ida  ]M. 
Reeves.  She  died  at  Palouse  City  in  1890. 
He  was  married  the  second  time,  in  1892,  to 
Margaret  E.  McCIeod,  of  Anoka,  Alinnesota. 
The  children  by  his  first  wife  are:  Chester  R., 
of  Colfax;  Guy,  in  Stevens  county;  Floyd  E. 
and  Ida  J.,  with  their  father.  The  three 
children  by  his  present  wife  are,  Irving,  Bernice, 
and  Richard,  residing  at  home. 

Mr.  Wiley  enlisted  during  the  Civil  war,  in 

1864,  in  the  Second  Minnesota  Light  Artilery, 
serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His  battery 
was  in  several  engagements  and  was  mustered 
out  at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  in  the  fall  of 

1865.  Following  the  close  of  the  war  he 
engaged,  associated  with  his  brother,  in  the 
lumber  business.  Mr.  Wiley  is  a  Republican, 
and  assisted  in  the  organization  of  Palouse  City 
and  served  in  the  city  council.  He  is  a  member 
of  Palouse  City  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W. 


ARCHIBALD  G.  McDONALD,  farmer 
and  stock  grower,  residing  five  miles  east  of 
Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Glen- 
gary.  Province  of  Ontario,  in  December,  1840. 
His  parents  were  Philip  and  Mary  McDonald, 
natives  of  Canada,  where  they  died.  The  family 
were  distant  relatives  of  Sir  John  McDonald, 
late  Premier  of  Canada.  Our  subject. has  three 
brothers  and  sisters:    Margaret,  wife  of  Alex- 


ander McDonald,  of  Glengary,  Canada ;  Hugh, 
on  the  old  homestead,  Canada;  and  Samuel, 
in  Portland,  Maine,  engaged  in  the  boot  and 
shoe  business. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  our  subject 
left  Glengary,  where  he  had  obtained  a  fair 
business  education,  and  mined  on  the  Gilbert 
ri\-er.  He  discovered  the  largest  gold  nugget 
ever  found  in  that  vicinity,  weighing  forty-five 
ounces  and  fifteen  drams.  For  several  years 
he  mined  in  the  Lake  Superior  district,  coming 
to  Spokane  in  June,  1889,  thence  to  Nelson, 
British  Columbia,  where  he  purchased  a  pony 
and  came  to  the  Columbia  river  where  he  now 
lives.  He  took  a  homestead  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land,  eighty  acres  of  which 
are  under  cultivation.  It  is  fenced  and  supplied 
with  substantial  buildings.  He  breeds  stock 
and  has  a  fine  bearing  orchard  of  various  kinds 
of  fruit. 

July  4,  1872,  our  subject  was  married  to 
Matilda  Baker,  daughter  of  John  B.  Baker,  of 
Quebec,  where  Mrs.  McDonald  was  born  and 
reared.  She  has  one  sister  and  four  brothers : 
Mary,  wife  of  John  McClintic,  of  Stevens 
county;  Samuel,  at  Vancouver;  John,  in  the 
Philippine  Islands,  Company  F,  Twenty-eighth 
United  States  Regulars;  Donald,  with  his 
parents;   and  Archie. 

Mr.  McDonald  is  a  Socialist,  politically,  and 
has  been  school  director  and  road  supervisor 
se\-eral  terms. 


CHESTER  S.  BOSS,  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  mercantile  industry,  general  farm- 
ing, and  fruit  growing,  resides  at  Bossburg, 
Stevens  county,  which  town  he  founded,  and 
which,  in  his  honor,  is  named,  was  born  in 
Jonesville,  ^Michigan,  September  28,  1843.  His 
parents  were  Truman  and  Sarah  (Carr)  Boss, 
natives  of  New  York,  ^\•hence  they  removed  to 
Michigan  about  1835.  In  1846  they  went  to 
Wisconsin,  and  in  1855  to  Minnesota,  being 
territorial  pioneers.  They  located  at  Fairbault. 
Rice  county,  and  thirty-four  years  later  moved 
to  Sauk  Center,  where  they  died  at  the  age  of 
seventy-five  years.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  sons,  who  arrived  at  manhood's  estate : 
Theadore,  dying  in  the  army  in  1863  :  Chester, 
our  subject;  Charles  M.,  of  Sauk  Center ;  and 
Eugene,  of  Wadena,  Minnesota,  and  now  audi- 
tor of  Wadena  county. 


2l6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Educated  in  \\'isconsin  and  Minnesota,  our 
subject  enlisted,  August  8,  1862,  in  Company 
C,  Sixth  Minnesota  Volunteers.  Captain  Bail}', 
Colonel  William  Crooks,  at  present  one  of  the 
officials  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Railroad  Company. 
Our  subject  served  during  the  Indian  outbreak- 
in  Minnesota,  in  1862,  and  within  ten  days  after 
his  enlistment  was  engaged  burying  the  dead 
killed  near  Fort  Ridgely  and  then  participated 
in  the  two  battles  of  Birch  Coulee  and  Wood 
Lake.  In  1863  his  company  pursued  the  hos- 
tile Indians  to  Dakota,  and  across  the  Missouri 
river.  Returning  to  Fort  Snelling  in  the  fall, 
the  members  of  his  regiment  were  anxious  to 
go  south,  but  were  sent  on  to  the  frontier. 
However,  the  regiment  was  ordered  south  in 
the  spring  of  1864,  and  at  Helena,  Arkansas, 
the  entire  regiment  was  afflicted  with  fever,  one 
half  of  the  soldiers  dying.  In  the  spring  fol- 
lowing, the  regiment  went  to  New  Orleans,  in 
the  Sixteenth  Corps,  thence  to  Sandford.  where 
they  captured  Spanish  Fort,  thence  went  up  the 
Alabama  river,  to  Montgomery,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1865  they  lived  for  ten  days  on  raw 
corn.  On  August  20,  1865,  he  was  mustered 
out  at  Fort  Snelling.  Our  subject  then  went  to 
Stearns  county,  secured  a  homestead,  upon 
which  he  lived  several  years,  but  eventually 
traded  the  land  for  a  half  interest  in  a  saw  mill. 
This  property  he  sold  and  drove  stock  to  Fort 
Gary,  now  Winnipeg,  and  two  years  subse- 
quently went  to  the  Black  Hills.  Here  he 
freighted  and  finally  returned  to  Minnesota, 
settled  at  Osakis.  and  remained  there  five  years. 
In  1888  he  came  to  Spokane,  removing  his 
family  there  later,  and  in  1890  came  to  Marcus, 
Stevens  county,  where  he  conducted  a  mercan- 
tile business  in  a  tent.  He  then  came  to  Boss- 
burg,  or  what  was  afterward  to  become  Boss- 
burg,  where  he  has  remained  in  business,  suc- 
cessfully, ever  since.  He  secured  the  establish- 
ment here  of  a  postoffice,  named  Bossburg.  and 
served  as  the  initial  postmaster  of  the  same  for 
eight  years.  A  portion  of  the  land  pre-empted 
by  Mr.  Boss  became  the  site  of  the  town.  Here 
he  and  his  wife  reside  in  a  substantial  house 
surrounded  by  commodious  buildings,  and  the 
largest  orchard  in  the  vicinity. 

In  1866  Mr.  Boss  was  married  to  Belinda 
Bolles.  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(Sears)  Bolles,  natives  of  New  York.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Boss  have  three  children :  Mabel,  wife 
of  Dr.  I\I.  B.  Grieve,  of  Spokane:    Nina,  wife 


of  R.  C.  Crowell,  of  Bossburg;  and  Irene, 
married  to  Grant  Hinkle,  of  Spokane.  jMr. 
Boss  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  school 
director  since  the  organization  of  the  town. 
He  is  commander  of  the  Bossburg  Post. 
G.  A.  R.,  No.  loi,  and  he  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Congregational  church. 


FRANCIS  M.  CORBELL,  residing  one 
mile  and  one  quarter  south  of  Bossburg.  Stevens 
county,  is  engaged  in  general  farming  and  fruit 
culture.  He  was  born  in  Iowa,  January  10, 
1849.  His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Amanda 
(Black)  Corbell,  the  father  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, the  mother  of  Kentucky.  In  1853  they 
crossed  the  plains  to  Eugene,  Oregon,  where 
the  mother  died,  and  was  followed  by  the  father 
in  1861.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children, 
two  of  whom  are  li\-ing.  John  M.  and  Francis, 
our  subject. 

In  Linn  and  Jackson  counties.  Oregon,  the 
latter  recei\ed  the  advantages  of  a  common 
school  education,  x^t  the  age  of  fourteen  years 
he  began  working  at  various  employments, 
and  in  1864  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Oregon 
Infantry,  Company  I,  with  which  organization 
he  remained  two  years  and  eight  months.  He 
was  engaged  in  numerous  battles  with  hostile 
Indians  throughout  the  northwest,  and  was 
wounded  at  one  battle.  He  was  mustered  out 
of  service  at  Jacksonville.  Oregon,  in  July, 
1866,  and  then  turned  his  steps  toward  Nevada, 
where  he  followed  mining  until  188 1.  On 
account  of  a  severe  attack  of  rheumatism  he 
was  compelled  to  abandon  mining,  and  he  went 
to  Whitman  county,  Washington,  where  he 
was  employed  as  chief  clerk  for  the  Oregon 
Railroad  &  Navigation  Company.  Thence  he 
went  to  Lewiston,  Idaho,  as  night  clerk, 
and  here,  for  ten  years,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  wheat  business,  in  a  ware- 
house. Going  to  British  Columbia,  he  in- 
vested in  real  estate  and  lost  heavily  during  the 
hard  times  of  1890.  He  then,  in  1894.  came  to 
Stevens  county,  followed  mining,  and  subse- 
quently, in  1900,  purchased  a  farm  of  one 
hundred  acres,  and  in  1902  bought  eighty  acres 
more,  which  is  all  fenced.  He  raises  consider- 
able stock. 

In  1884  our  subject  was  married  to  Minnie 
Willie,  of  Lewiston.  Idalui.  daughter  of  David 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


217 


Willie.  j\Irs.  Corbell  is  the  first  white  twin, 
if  not  the  first  white  child,  born  in  Idaho.  Her 
parents  are  both  dead.  To  them  w  as  born  seven 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living,  Marvin  and 
Minnie,  twins,  and  J.  D.,  of  Okanogan  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Corbell  have  two  children,  Beryl 
and  Stanley  M.,  both  residing  with  their 
parents.  Politically  Mr.  Corbell  is  a  Republi- 
can. Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  Moscow, 
Idaho,  Post  G.  A.  R.,  and  Colfax,  Washington, 
Lodge  No.  14,  A.  O.  U.  W.  Mrs  Corbell  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  R.  C,  and  both  she  and  her 
husband  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church. 


WILLIA'M  J.  GILPIN,  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  mining  interests  and  a  valuable 
marble  quarry  in  Stevens  county,  resides  in 
Bossburg.  He  was  born  in  Fairmont,  West 
Virginia,  March  21,  1865.  His  parents  were 
Jefferson  \\'.  and  Alary  (Meredith)  Gilpin,  the 
father  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  the  mother  of 
West  Virginia.  They  both  died  in  the  latter 
state.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
three  of  whom  were  in  the  Civil  war,  and  one 
of  them  dying  four  weeks  after  leaving  the 
service.  They  enlisted  in  Fairmont,  West  Vir- 
ginia. 

Our  subject  remained  in  Virginia  until  he 
reached  his  majority  when  he  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  remaining  in  that  district  eleven  years. 
In  1897  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  engaged 
in  mining,  stage  driving  and  freighting  until 
1900,  when  he  secured  a  farm  on  the  Colville 
reservation,  where  he  now  resides.  In  the  fall 
of  1900,  in  company  with  Colonel  Smith,  of 
Nordica  Lake,  he  discovered  what  is  now  the 
valuable  marble  deposit  owned  by  the  Columbia 
River  Marble  Company,  of  Spokane.  The 
property  is  an  inexhaustible  mass  of  marble, 
capable  of  providing  tombstones  for  unborn 
millions,  a  deposit  which  cannot  be  estimated 
in  cubic  feet  without  making  the  figures  look 
ridiculously  large.  The  company  is  now  pre- 
paring to  put  in  machinery  for  profitably  work- 
ing this  deposit.  It  is  situated  three  miles  from 
Bossburg,  on  a  good  road,  and  with  a  cable 
tramway  that  can  load  the  marble  on  the  S.  F. 
&  N.  R.  R.  The  quality  of  this  marble  is  the 
finest  in  the  northwest,  close  grained,  and 
susceptible  of  a  high  polish. 

Mr.  Gilpin  is  unmarried.     He  is  a  member 


of  Bossburg  Lodge,  No.  164,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
Bossburg  Camp,  No.  1128,  JM.  W.  A.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican  and  patriotically  inter- 
ested in  the  affairs  of  his  town. 

Besides  owing  a  large  block  of  stock  in  the 
Columbia  River  Marble  Company,  Mr.  Gilpin 
has  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  fine  marble 
land  adjoining  that  company's  holdings. 


JOHN  N.  HOFFER,  residing  five  miles 
northeast  of  JNIarcus,  Stevens  county,  engaged 
in  school  teaching  and  general  farming,  was 
born  in  Center  county,  Pennsylvania,  October 
I,  1848.  His  parents,  George  and  Susan 
(Durst)  Hoffer,  are  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
the  father  of  Lebanon,  the  mother  of  Center 
county.  They  are  the  parents  of  nine  children  : 
John,  our  subject;  C.  Z.,  in  Pennsylvania;  P. 
S.,  in  North  Carolina  ;  William  G.,  of  Willshire, 
Ohio;  I.  O.,  a  prominent  merchant  in  Phila- 
delphia; Maggie,  wife  of  Albert  JNIinge,  en- 
gaged in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  in  Belle- 
fonte,  Pennsylvania ;  Frances ;  Emma  G.  and 
Ella. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  received 
in  the  public  schools  and  Center  Hall,  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  began  teaching  school  when  eighteen 
years  of  age,  continuing  this  occupation,  inter- 
spersed with  farming,  until  1876,  when  he 
removed  to  Iowa,  remaining  two  years.  In 
1878  he  went  to  Kansas  and  thence,  in  1886, 
to  the  Black  Hills.  It  was  in  1898  that  he 
located  in  Stevens  county,  where  he  has  since 
lived,  occupied  at  intervals  in  school  teaching. 
When  he  arrived  in  Washington  he  devoted 
some  time  to  placer  mining,  but  subsequently 
secured  the  farm  on  which  he  now  resides. 

In  October,  1870,  Mr.  Hoffer  \yas  married 
to  Emma  G.  Alexander,  daughter  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  Alexander,  natives  of  Center  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  she  was  born.  Her  father 
died  several  years  since.  The  mother  still 
survives. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoft'er  are  the  parents  of  ten 
children:  Ivan  L..  in  Stevens  county;  Earl  E., 
of  Ness  county,  Kansas ;  George  L. ;  Sidney 
C. ;  Victor  L. ;  Bessie,  wife  of  Alvin  Leonard ; 
Maud  B. ;  Edna  G. ;  Anna  L.  and  Gladys  B. 

The  political  affiliations  of  Mr.  Hoft'er  are 
with  the  Socialist  party,  and  he  manifests  a 
lively  interest  in  local  politics.     In   1890,  while 


2l8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


living  in  Crook  county,  Wyoming,  Mr.  Hoffer 
was  elected  county  superintendent  of  schools,  in 
Catherine,   residing  with   her  husliand  on   the 


JOHN  LEBLANK,  a  successful  breeder 
of  fancy  stock,  living  seven  miles  southeast  of 
Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  was  born  lin  Essex, 
Vermont,  April  20,  1864.  His  parents  were 
John  and  Matilda  (Granger)  Leblank,  the 
father  a  native  of  Vermont,  the  mother  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  parents  of  the  father  came 
from  Nova  Scotia,  settling  in  Vermi:)nt.  The 
parents  of  our  subject  had  eight  children,  Jo- 
seph, Mose,  Mary,  Matilda.  Peter,  Louis,  John 
and  Victorine. 

John,  our  subject,  was  reared  in  Vermont 
and  received  his  schooling  at  Winooski  Falls. 
He  began  life  on  his  own  account  at 'the  age  of 
thirteen  years,  becoming  an  expert  telegraph 
operator,  and  this  profession  he  followed  on 
various  railroads  until  1880,  when  he  came 
west  to  the  coast.  He  conducted  hotels  in  Se- 
attle, Whatcom  and  other  Sound  cities,  and  in 
i8go  located  in  Stevens  county.  Subsequently 
he  went  to  Rossland  where  he  remained  four 
years,  and  in  1896  selected  his  present  location 
and  engaged  in  mining.  He  purchased  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  which  he  has 
improved,  and  now  has  a  fine  house  in  a  most 
eligible  location.  He  cultivates  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres,  which  is  all  fenced  and  sup- 
plied with  good  water.  He  also  carries  con- 
siderable fine  stock  through  the  winter. 

In  1892  Mr.  Leblank  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Nora  Slinkard,  daughter  of  An- 
drew Slinkard.  She  has  five  brothers,  \\'illiam, 
Ashberg,  Charles,  Mose  and  Luther.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Leblank  have  three  children.  Ethel  M., 
Howard  and  John  H.,  all  of  whom  at  present 
reside  with  their  parents. 


ARTHUR  F.  CAMP,  of  Colville,  Stevens 
county,  is  not  only  a  successful  school  teacher, 
of  experience  and  ability,  but  an  energetic 
farmer  and  stock  breeder.  He  was  born  in 
Lincoln,  Nebraska,  on  April  12,  1876,  his  par- 
ents J.  .\.  and  Hattie  (Hamblett)  Camp. 
His  father  is  a  native  of  Wisconsin, 
his      mother      of      ^Michigan.        The      father 


went  to  Lancaster  county,  Nebraska,  in 
1865  and  engaged  in  farming.  Thence  the 
family  removed  to  South  Dakota,  remaining  a 
short  time  and  coming  to  Washington  in  1895. 
They  located  in  Stevens  county  where  they  now 
live.  They  have  six  children  :  Fay  L. ;  Arthur, 
our  subject;  George,  in  Idaho;  J.  B. ;  Cecil; 
and  Clinton.  The  father  of  our  subject,  J.  A. 
Camp,  served  three  years  and  eight  montlis  in 
the  Civil  War,  and  received  a  wound  in  his  left 
arm.  He  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Wisconsin  Vol- 
unteers, Company  I,  and  re-enlisted  in  the 
Forty-fourth  Infantry,  serving  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  under  Generals  Grant  and  Rose- 
crans. 

Our  subject  received  the  foundation  of  an 
excellent  education  in  Waverly,  Nebraska, 
which  was  amplified  in  the  Northwestern  Acad- 
emy and  at  Spokane.  The  winter  of  1902-3 
he  attended  the  Washington  State  Normal 
School,  at  Cheney,  Spokane  county.  In  1899 
he  taught  school  in  Stevens  county,  two  terms, 
and  one  term  in  the  Pend  d'Oreille  district,  and 
one  term  at  Bossburg.  Associated  with  Booth 
Fay,  Mr.  Camp  is  interested  in  stock  growing, 
they  having  over  one  hundred  head  of  cattle. 
He  also  owns  an  interest  in  eighty  acres  of 
land  three  miles  from  Colville,  and  a  quarter 
section  five  miles  from  the  county  seat.  The 
principal  crop  is  hay.  Both  properties  are 
fenced.  With  his  brother,  Mr.  Camp  is  inter- 
ested in  a  hay-baling  machine,  which  is  operated 
successfully. 

Mr.  Camp  is  a  Democrat,  politically,  and 
was,  for  two  years,  deputy  in  the  assessor's 
ofiice,  at  Colville. 


WILLIAM  DRISCOLL,  residing  four 
and  one-half  miles  north  of  Marcus,  Stevens 
county,  is  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  fancy 
fruit,  raising  many  varieties,  to  which  the 
climate  along  the  Columbia  river  is  favorable. 
He  was  born  in  Dorchestershire,  England, 
March  17,  1854.  His  parents,  John  and  Cathe- 
rine Driscoll,  were  natives  of  Cork,  Ireland. 
They  removed  to  England  in  1840,  where  they 
continued  to  reside  until  their  death.  Five 
children  were  born  to  them,  of  \\hom  four 
survive:  William,  our  subject;  Cornelius; 
Mary,  married  and  living  in  New  Zealand; 
Catherine,  residing  with  her  husband  on  the 
Isle  of  Man. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


219 


Reared  and  educated  in  Cornwall,  England, 
until  the  age  of  sixteen,  our  subject  began  min- 
ing, uhich  business  he  had  already  learned, 
and  in  this  industry  he  continued  until  1872, 
when  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  located 
at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania.  Subsequently  he 
removed  to  California,  where  he  continued  min- 
ing until  1880,  at  which  period  he  went  to 
Seattle,  Washington,  finding  employment  in  the 
business  of  pile-driving.  Thence  he  went  to 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  in  Idaho,  and 
worked  in  the  mines  in  that  district,  until  1892, 
at  which  date  he  came  to  Stevens  county.  Here 
he  secured  a  homestead,  where  he  at  present 
resides,  a  quarter  section  of  land,  twenty-five 
acres  of  which  is  cultivated.  It  is  all  fenced 
and  he  has  an  orchard  of  six  acres,  from  which 
he  gathers  different  varieties  of  fruit.  He  has 
a  substantial  barn,  a  supply  of  excellent  water, 
and  several  head  of  stock. 

In  1880  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Nettie  Wood,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary 
Delmot.  While  at  work  in  the  Coeur  d"  Alene 
mines,  in  Idaho,  Mr.  Driscoll  met  with  a  mis- 
fortune. His  skull  was  fractured,  necessitating 
the  operation  of  trepanning,  and  he  remained 
in  a  hospital  eight  months. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
He  communes  with  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Driscoll 
was  called  to  the  world  beyond,  the  date  being 
October  25,  1903.  He  was  buried  at  the  mis- 
sion. 

By  a  former  marriage  to  Charles  Wood, 
who  died  in  1871,  Mrs.  Driscoll  has  one 
daughter,  Florence  O'Neil,  residing  at  Tulare, 
California. 


JOSEPH  P.  CURRIE,  a  farmer  and 
mining  man  of  Stevens  county,  resides  six  miles 
south  of  Bossburg.  He  was  born  in  Maine 
May  19,  1854,  the  son  of  David  and  Phoebe 
(Pickard)  Currie,  natives  of  New  Brunswick. 
The  mother  died  in  New  Brunswick:  the  father 
still  lives  there,  engaged  in  farming.  His  an- 
cestors were  from  Scotland.  They  were  the 
parents  of  nine  children,  six  of  whom  survive, 
John  A.,  Joseph  P.,  Jacob,  Johanna,  widow, 
now  in  New  Brunswick;  Rosela,  wife  of  Al- 
fonso Welsh,  and  Stephen  E.,  .also  of  New 
Brunswick. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  received 


in  the  public  schools  of  Canada,  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty-two  he  started  in  life  for  himself. 
He  purchased  a  farm,  upon  which  he  remained 
two  years,  disposed  of  the  same  and  engaged 
in  lumbering.  In  1882  Mr.  Currie  went  to 
Colorado  where  he  learned  the  business  of  a 
photographer,  which  he  pursued  three  and  one- 
half  years,  going  to  Minnesota  and  remaining 
about  the  same  length  of  time.  In  1889  he 
came  to  Washington  and  located  at  Spokane, 
accumulated  considerable  property  and  lost  it 
during  the  hard  times  that  ensued.  He  came  to 
Stevens  county  in  1890,  and  after  a  short  visit 
in  Spokane  returned  and  engaged  in  mining 
until  1896.  He  then  located  a  homestead  where 
he  now  lives,  a  c|uarter  section  with  forty  acres 
under  cultivation,  all  fenced,  commodious  barn, 
and  other  outbuildings,  and  an  orchard  of  six 
hundred  trees. 

In  1876  Mr.  Currie  was  married  to  Cath- 
erine Welsh,  daughter  of  John  and  Catherine 
(Nugent)  Welsh,  natives  of  New  Brunswick. 
They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  four  of 
whom  survive:  Thomas,  in  Minnesota;  Alfon- 
so, in  Canada ;  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Howard, 
of  Presque  Isle ;  and  Emma,  married  to  George 
Dosey,  of  Maine.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Currie  have 
two  children  living,  Lewellyn  and  Raymond, 
residing  with  their  parehts. 

Our  subject  manifests  a  lively  interest  in 
local  politics,  and  is  a  Republican.  He  has 
served  efficiently  as  school  director. 


JOHN  H.  SHEPARD,  interested  in  the 
fancy  fruit  industry,  and  residing  four  miles 
north  of  Echo,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in 
Greenville,  Montcalm  county,  Alichigan.  De- 
cember 2,  1871.  He  is  the  son  of  James  J.  and 
Melissa  (  Rodgers)  Shepard,  the  father  a  native 
of  New  York,  the  mother  of  Michigan.  James 
J.  Shepard  went  to  Michigan  when  a  young- 
man,  where  he  now  lives.  His  wife  died  in 
1895.  They  were  the  parents  of  se\-en  chil- 
dren, of  whom  four  survive  :  Frank  and  Fred, 
in  Michigan ;  May,  wife  oi  Frank  Davy,  living 
in  Washington;  and  John,  our  subject.  The 
ancestry  of  both  parents  were  prominent  and 
distinguished  people. 

At  Greenville,  ]^Iichigan.  our  subject  se- 
cured the  advantages  of  a  jnililic  school  eiluca- 
tion,  and  at  the  aee  of  twelve  vears  liegan  life 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


for  liimself.  workinq-  iiulustriinisly  on  a  farm 
fi\e  years.  He  tlien  learned  tlie  trade  of  a  car- 
penter, whicli  he  pursued  four  years.  After 
this  he  began  railroad  work,  which  he  contin- 
ued two  years,  returning  to  his  trade  which  he 
followed  until  he  came  to  Washington  in  1890. 
During  fifteen  months  he  found  employment 
at  Colville.  Stex'ens  county,  cooking  in  a  hotel, 
and  then  located  his  present  homestead,  mainly 
timber  land,  with  thirty-five  acres  under  culti- 
vation. He  has  an  orchard,  commodious  build- 
ings, the  farm  well  watered  and  fenced,  besides 
considerable  stock. 

In  1900  Mr.  Shepard  married  to  I\Iary 
Rice,  daughter  of  James  and  Hulda  Rice,  the 
father  a  native  of  Missouri,  the  mother  of  Iowa. 
They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  chil- 
dren :  Hester,  wife  of  Elmer  Gear,  of  Elk, 
\\'ashington :  Joey,  of  Springdale.  Stevens 
county ;  Gerge ;  Alonzo,  of  Elk ;  Robert,  of  St. 
Maries,  Idaho:  Eliza,  of  the  same  place;  Clar- 
ence and  James. 

Mr.  and  !\Irs.  Shepard  ha\-e  two  children, 
Fred  and  Wilber,  at  present  residing  with  their 
parents.  Politically  Air.  Shepard  is  a  Literal, 
but  always  taking  a  patriotic  interest  in  local 
politics.  He  has  been  a  member  f  the  board  of 
supervisors  and  a  director  of  the  schools. 


WILLIAM  E.  WESTON,  dealer  in 
blooded  stock,  and  residing  seven  miles  south- 
east of  Bossburg,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in 
Milton,  Oregon,  on  March  22,  1883.  He  is 
the  son  of  E.  S.  and  Elizabeth  (McCoy)  Wes- 
ton, sketches  of  whom  appear  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children, 
viz:  Charles  H.,  William  E.,  Jesse  X.,  Mary 
E.  and  Lydia  B. 

The  preliminary  education  of  our  subject 
was  received  in  Farmington,  \\'ashington,  and 
later  he  attended  the  schools  of  Stevens  county. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  had  secured  a 
good  business  education,  and  began  work  in  the 
employment  of  his  father,  with  whom  he  still 
remains.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Advent 
church. 


HENRY  GRITTXER,  a  progressive, 
broad-minded  German  farmer  and  blacksmith 
of  Stevens  countv,  resides  three  miles  north  of 


'  Echo.  He  was  born  in  tlie  prox'ince  of  Slazein, 
near  Berlin,  Germany.  June  30,  1855.  His  par- 
ents were  William  and  Beatrice  (  Wittie)  Gritt- 
ner,  natives  of  Germany,  where  the  father  died, 
the  mother  coming  to  the  L'nited  States  in 
1894.     She  now  resides  with  our  subject,  at  the 

I  age  of  seventy-three  years.  She  is  the  mother 
of  six  children  :  Ernest,  in  Germany :  Henry, 
our  subject:  Caroline,  wife  of  William  Beam; 
Pauline,  wife  of  August  Otto;  William;  and 
Julius,  now  living  with  our  subject.  Her  hus- 
band was  of  a  distinguished  German  family, 
and  served  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war. 

Henry  Grittner  received  a  fair  education  in 
Germany,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  began 
working  on  a  farm,  at  which  he  continued  four 
years.  He  then  learned  the  trade  of  a  black- 
smith, which  he  followed  for  twelve  years,  com- 
ing to  the  United  States  in  1888.  Following  a 
residence  of  fourteen  years  in  Iowa,  working  at 
his  trade,  he  came  to  Stevens  county  in  1901, 
purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land, 
and  homesteaded  another  quarter  section.  He 
is  surrounded  with  good,  comfortable  build- 
ings, and  there  are  two  million  feet  of  saw  tim- 
ber on  the  place.  He  has  fifteen  head  of  stock. 
On  July  12,  1887,  our  subject  was  married 
to  Delia  Sliter,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Cath- 
erine Sliter,  natives  of  Scotland.  They  have 
five  children,  Edith,  Carl,  Clola,  Ernest  and 
William. 

Politically  ]\Ir.  Grittner  is  a  Republican, 
manifesting  a  lively  interest  in  the  various  cam- 
paigns in  which  his  party  is  involved.     He  has 

I  a  patriotic  pride  in  the  afi'airs  of  his  community, 
and  is  well-known  as  a  popular  and  enterpris- 
ing citizen. 


WILLIAM  W.  DUNCAN,  blacksmith 
and  liveryman,  of  Bossburg,  Stevens  county, 
was  born  near  Albany.  Gentry  county,  Mis- 
souri, September  8,  1871.  the  son  of  John  H. 
and  Cordelia  (Wood)  Duncan.  The  father  is 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  the  mother  of  ]\Iissnuri. 
They  located  in  Gentry  county  where  they  lived 
until  1887,  going  thence  to  Ida,  Coeur  d'  Alenes, 
where  they  at  present  reside,  the  father  engaged 
in  the  dray  and  truck  business.  They  were  the 
l)arents  of  eight  children:  Kate  S..  married  to 
Fred  Wilson ;, William  \Y.,  our  subject:  Frank 
C. :  Mary  V.  and  Ernest :  and  three  others  de- 
ceased, Minnie,  Olan  and  Clarence. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Our  subject  received  his  first  and  only- 
scliooling  in  Gentry  county,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  began  hfe  for  himself,  coming  to 
Spokane  in  1886,  one  year  ahead  of  his  family. 
One  year  he  worked  a  farm  in  the  Palouse  coun- 
try, and  then,  witli  his  famih',  removed  to  the 
Cceur  d'  Alenes,  where  for  five  years  he  worked 
for  the  Xortliern  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 
In  1896  he  removed  to  Bosshurg  where  he  has 
since  resided,  having  followed  the  stage  and 
livery  business  up  to  1903. 

In  1894  he  was  married  to  Ora  L.  Coonc, 
daughter  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Finn) 
Coonc,  the  mother  a  native  of  Oregon,  the 
father  of  Iowa.  They  crossed  the  plains  in 
early  days,  locating  in  Oregon,  and  later  owned 
an  extensive  stock  ranch  on  the  Columbia 
river,  near  White  Blufi^s.  They  were  the  pa- 
rents of  seven  children,  of  whom  the  living  are 
Stella,  Ella,  Ora,  Lulu,  Hattie  and  Flossie. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Duncan  have  three  children, 
Raymond  W.,  Howard  W.,  and  Gladys  E., 
all  of  whom  are  with  their  parents.  Mr.  Dun- 
can is  a  Democrat,  and  manifests  a  lively  in- 
terest in  the  success  of  his  party,  and  he  has 
been  delegate  to  many  county  conventions.  He 
is  a  charter  member  of  the  Bossburg  Lodge, 
No.  164,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  which  he  assisted  in 
organizing,  having  been  a  member  of  Cceur 
d'Alene  Lodge  No.  34.  Mrs.  Duncan  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  church. 


ANN  BRYANT,  of  Bossburg,  Stevens 
county,  engaged  in  the  hotel  and  mining  busi- 
ness, was  born  in  Barbeshire,  Scotland,  April 
3,  1842.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Murdo  R.  and 
Catherine  (Nicholson)  McCleod,  natives  of 
Scotland,  where  they  lived  until  1842,  when 
they  came  to  Canada.  The  father  died  in  1882 
and  the  mother  removed  to  Kansas,  passing 
away  in  1899.  They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  Mary,  Angus,  Christie, 
Murdo,  Kenneth,  Kate,  Ann,  Darnal  G.,  John, 
Christie,  and  three  who  died  in  infancy. 

Ann  Bryant,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  had 
one  brother,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the  English 
army.  Although  educational  privileges  were 
limited  in  her  neighborhood  she  recived  a  fair 
common  school  education  in  Canada.  She 
"worked  out,"  beginning  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
until  she  was  married  to  A.  J.  Bryant.     They 


settled  in  Barnston,  Canada,  where  they  lived 
eighteen  years,  removing  to  Vermont,  in  1865. 
At  the  termination  of  three  years'  residence, 
they  came  back  to  Canada,  thence  to  Kansas, 
and  thence  to  Kettle  Falls,  Washington,  in  1891. 
In  1892  they  came  to  Bossburg  where  she  has 
since  resided.  Her  husband  died  in  1897.  Fol- 
lowing the  death  of  her  husband,  Mrs.  Bryant 
built  a  small  hotel,  to  which  she  has  added 
since,  until  it  is  now  a  commodious  house  and 
comfortably  furnished.  She  is,  also,  interested 
in  mines,  some  of  which  are  quite  flattering- 
prospects. 

Mrs.  Bryant  is  the  mother  of  six  children, 
George  A.,  William,  David,  with  his  brother 
William,  in  Stevens  county,  Walter,  Susie,  de- 
ceased, and  Minnie,  with  her  mother.  Aj 
present  she  is  interested  in  the  McKinlev  and 
Jay  Hawker  mines. 

When  the  father  of  Mrs.  Bryant  first  came 
to  C'anada  it  was  necessary  for  him  to  travel 
one  hundred  miles  for  provisions,  the  trip  oc- 
cupying five  or  six  days.  On  one  occasion  the 
only  article  he  (;ould  secure  in  the  line  of  eat- 
ables was  buckwheat  flour  which  he  was 
obliged  to  pack  the  entire  distance  on  his  back. 
The  family  nearly  starved  when  they  first  came 
to  Canada. 


WILLIAM  W.  STEARNS,  successfully 
prosecuting  the  mining  industry,  resides  at 
Brossburg,  Stevens  county.  He  was  born  at 
Compton,  New  Hampshire,  August  7,  1836.  the 
son  of  Gilbert  and  Sophronia  (Finch)  Stearns. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  the 
mother  of  New  York.  The  father  of  the 
mother  was  killed  in  the  war  of  1812.  One  of 
her  brothers  was  a  professor  in  the  Mishawaka, 
Indiana,  high  school.  Her  brother,  John,  asso- 
ciated with  a  man  named  Fisk,  owned  all  the 
stage  routes  in  New  York  and  several  in  other 
states.  Her  paternal  grandfather  was  a  sea 
captain,  and  was  lost  at  sea.  Our  subject  had 
three  brothers  in  the  Union  army,  during  the 
Civil  war,  Henry,  Zimri  and  P.  L.,  the  former 
participating  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run. 

William  W.  Stearns,  our  subject,  remained 
in  New  Hampshire  until  the  age  of  nineteen 
years,  when  he  began  work  as  keeper  in  an 
insane  asylum,  and  in  i860  went  to  California 
by  way  of  the  isthmus.  After  a  period  passed 
in  mining  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  where  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


purchased  eight  yoke  of  cattle,  loading-  them 
with  provisions  frsr  the  mines.  Two  years  sub- 
sequently he  went  to  Kern  county,  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  business,  remaining  fifteen  years. 
Going  thence  to  Arizona  he  prosecuted  mining, 
in  the  course  of  which  he  lost  considerable 
money.  He  then  went  to  New  Mexico,  in  the 
general  merchandise  business,  and  erected  a 
quartz  mill,  which  he  conducted  for  eight  or 
ten  years,  and  quite  successfully. 

Mr.  Stearns  located  the  "Little  Giant"  mine, 
near  Bossburg,  also  a  number  of  others,  which 
are  considered  promising.  While  in  Califor- 
nia he  owned  a  half  interest  in  two  gold  mines. 
At  present  he  owns  several  buildings  in  New 
Mexico,  aside  from  other  valuable  properties. 
.While  in  California  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Home  Guards,  under  Captain  Swanson.  He 
is  a  Republican,  and  manifests  a  lively  interest 
in  the  successive  campaigns. 

Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  Once  while  traveling  in  California  the 
party  to  which  our  subject  belonged  held  a 
band  of  hostile  Indians  at  bay.  until  the  arrival 
of  a  company  of  United  States  soldiers. 


EDWARD  W.  SCOTT  is  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  Stevens  county  and  has  given  his 
name  to  an  important  section,  namely,  the  valley 
northerly  from  Tumtum.  Mr.  Scott  located 
here  with  other  members  of  the  family  in  1889 
and  since  that  time  has  shown  himself  a  worthy 
citizen  of  this  western  country  and  a  man  of 
real  industry  and  skill. 

Edward  W.  Scott  was  born  in  Chelsea, 
Vermont,  on  January  9,  1841,  the  son  of  Jonas 
S.  and  Roxey  (French)  Scott,  natives  of  Ver- 
mont. The  parents  removed  with  their  children 
to  New  York,  thence  to  Michigan,  later  to 
other  states  and  finally  in  1889  they  journeyed 
to  what  is  now  Scott  valley,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Our  subject  was  well 
educated  in  the  schools  of  the  various  sections 
where  he  lived  in  younger  days  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty  went  out  in  the  world  for  himself. 
In  April,  1862,  he  wis  one  of  the  patriots  who 
pressed  forward  to  protect  the  flag  of  the 
country  and  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Fourteenth 
Michigan  Infantry,  under  Captain  Jeffries.  He 
served  until  October  5,  1862.  when  on  account 
of  sickness,  he  was  mustered  out.     Returning 


to  Wisconsin,  he  took  up  teaching  school  and 
for  twelve  years  was  numbered  with  the  success- 
ful educators  of  that  and  other  states.  In  1888, 
he  came  to  Washington  and  located  on  his  pres- 
ent place  about  one  mile  north  from -Tumtum, 
and  here  he  has  resided  since,  devoting  himself 
to  general  farming  and  the  culture  of  fruit, 
while  also  he  has  raised  some  stock. 

In  1865,  Mr.  Scott  married  Miss  Prudence 
Warren  and  to  them  were  born  two  children, 
one  of  whom  is  still  living,  Byron  J.,  in  Scott 
valley.  In  1870,  ]Mrs.  Scott  passed  away. 
In  1875,  ^ir.  Scott  married  Emma  Chase,  who 
died  in  1880.  Two  children  were  born  to  this 
marriage,  one  of  whom  is  living.  Bell,  wife  of 
S.  Clark,  in  Scott  valley.  In  1884,  Mr.  Scott 
married  Miss  Ida  Babb,  and  one  child  has  been 
born  to  them,  Florence,  with  her  parents. 

In  political  matters,  "Sir.  Scott  is  a  staunch 
Republican  and  he  ever  manifests  the  interest 
of  a  worthy  citizen  in  the  affairs  of  state  and 
community.  Fraternallv,  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


JACOB  SCOTT,  the  venerable  pioneer 
from  whom  Scott  valley  was  named,  and  who 
now  possesses  a  fine  farm  about  two  miles 
northeast  from  Tumtum,  is  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  Stevens  county  and  has  always  been 
at  the  conventions  in  the  county  since  his  set- 
tlement here,  with  the  exception  of  one.  He  is 
a  remote  descendant  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  of 
world  wide  literary  fame  and  his  grandfather 
was  a  full  cousin  of  the  famous  General  Win- 
field  Scott,  so  well  known  to  every  American. 

Jacob  Scott  was  born  in  Berry,  \'ermont.  on 
April  22,  1830,  the  son  of  Jones  S.  and  Roxe- 
lana  (French)  Scott,  natives  of  \'ermont, 
where  they  remained  until  1848,  after  which 
they  went  to  New  York,  then  to  Michigan, 
then  to  Minnesota,  then  to  Iowa  and  finally  to 
Washington  in  1889.  Settlement  was  made  in 
Scottt  valley,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  Our  subject's  grandfather  and  two' of 
his  sons  were  prominent  members  of  the  state 
legislature  in  Vermont.  The  maternal  grand- 
father of  Jacob  Scott  served  in  the  war  of 
181 2  and  his  paternal  grandfather  had  charge 
of  the  militia  that  interviewed  the  British  gen- 
eral who  was  defeated  at  Plattsburg.  Two 
brothers  of  our  subject  served  in  the  Mexican 
war  and  three  in  the  Civil  war.     Our  subject 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


223 


was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  when 
twenty-one  went  to  do  for  himself.  He  first 
learned  the  stonemason's  trade,  and  in  follow- 
ing that  and  farming  he  has  spent  the  years 
until  the  present  time.  In  April.  1884,  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  and  settled  in  the  valley  that 
now  bears  his  name.  The  land  was  then  unsur- 
veyed  and  some  difficulty  was  encountered  in 
getting  on  the  government  portions,  and  ]\Ir. 
Scott  was  forced  to  relincpiish  about  forty  acres 
which  he  had  cultivated. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Scott  married  ^liss  Catherine 
Weller,  a  native  of  New  York.  She  died  in 
Michigan  in  1866.  Our  subject's  mother  died 
aged  ninety-two  and  the  father  wdien  he  was 
ninety.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
Scott,  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Henry  Shollenberg,  at 
Lake  Chelan;  Wilber  F.,  in  Scott  valley;  Ada, 
wife  of  Will  Everett,  in  Minnesota;  Clinton, 
in  Stevens  county.  Mr.  Scott  is  an  active 
Populist  and  has  always  evinced  a  marked 
interest  in  the  welfare  and  development  of  the 
country.  He  receives  the  good  will  and  esteem 
of  all  who  know  him. 


WILBER  F.  SCOTT  dwells  two  miles 
northeast  from  Tumtum,  Washington,  and 
there  has  a  good  estate  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres,  which  is  devoted  to  general  farm- 
ing and  fruit  raising.  He  was  born  in  Mc- 
Henry  county,  Illinois,  on  February  14,  i860, 
the  son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (  Weller)  Scott, 
natives  of  Vermont  and  New  York,  respectively, 
and  early  pioneers  in  Illinois.  Thence  they 
traveled  to  Michigan,  later  to  Minnesota  and 
also  lived  some  time  in  Iowa,  ancl  afterward 
dwelt  six  years  in  Minnesota.  In  these  various 
places  our  subject  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools.  In  1884,  our  subject  came  with 
his  father  to  Washington  and  settled  in  what  is 
now  known  as  Scott  valley,  it  being  named 
from  the  family.  Wilber  wrought  with  his 
father  until  1897  and  then  a  division  of  the 
property  was  made  and  all  took  their  proper 
shares.  Our  subject  has  improved  his  place 
in  a  commendable  manner,  has  shown  good 
skill  in  raising  winter  fruits  and  is  one  of  the 
thrifty  and  prosperous  men  of  the  section.  He 
is  of  good  standing  and  has  held  the  office  of 
school   director. 

On  July  26,  1896,  Mr.  Scott  married  Miss 


Sadie,  daughter  of  Wallace  W.  and  Lona  A. 
(\'anneps)  Clark,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
They  came  west  in  1891  and  located  in  Scott 
valley  where  they  now  live.  Mrs.  Scott  has 
seven  brothers  and  sisters,  Lucy  Wollweber, 
Clara,  Alta  James,  Lizzie,  Willie,  Maude,  and 
Laura.  i\Ir.  Scott  has  two  sisters  and  one 
brother,  INIary  A.  Shollenberg,  Ada  T.  Everett, 
and  Clinton.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Airs.  Scott,  Lloyd  W.,  Freddie  F., 
and  Esther  A.  Mr.  Scott  is  an  active  ex- 
pounder of  the  Socialist  principles  and  is  a 
man  of  good  intelligence.  His  father's  grand- 
father was  a  first  cousin  of  General  Winfield 
Scott. 

Ada  T.  Everett  died  on  September  8,  1903. 


ELIAS  W.  JEXKS,  one  of  the  prosperous 
and  successful  fruit  raisers  of  Stevens  county, 
dwells  one  mile  north  from  Tumtum,  where  he 
owns  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  excellent 
land,  devoted  both  to  general  farming  and 
raising  fruit.  He  has  as  fine  peaches  as  can  be 
found  in  the  west  and  his  success  has  placed 
him  in  comfortable  circumstances,  financially, 
while  a  good  residence  together  with  other 
buildings  and  improvements  manifest  a  man 
of  thrift  and  ability. 

Elias  W.  Jenks  was  born  in  Niagara  county. 
New  York,  on  October  17,  1840,  the  son  of 
John  P.  and  Laura  (Williams)  Jenks,  natives 
of  Canada.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1830,  having  a  hard  time  to  cross  the  border 
on  account  of  the  stringent  orders  of  the  Can- 
adian government.  Our  subject  received  a 
good  common  school  education  in  New  York, 
and  in  1854  came  with  the  family  to  Columbia 
county,  Wisconsin.  He  wrought  with  his 
father,  who  was  a  shoemaker  and  remained 
at  home  until  eighteen,  when  he  turned  to  the 
arduous  labors  of  the  pineries.  In  Decemljer, 
1863,  Mr.  Jenks  enlisted  in  the  Thirteenth  Wis- 
consin Batter)^  of  Light  Artillery,  serving  until 
July,  1865,  at  which  time  he  was  mustered  out 
in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  He  had  participated 
in  much  fighting  in  Tennessee  and  south  to 
the  gulf,  and  his  hearing  was  permanently  im- 
paired on  account  of  the  artillery  firing.  Fol- 
lowing the  war,  Mr.  Jenks  returned  to  Wiscon- 
sin and  wrought  with  his  father  until  the  death 
of  that   gentleman,   which  occurred   in    1866. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Tlien  our  subject  went  to  Minnesota  and  later 
to  Iowa  City,  whence  he  removed  to  Vinton, 
where  he  continued  liis  trade  as  lie  had  in  the 
other  places.  Also  he  bought  and  operated  a 
farm  there.  Following  that  venture.  Mr. 
Jenks  did  contract  work  on  the  Northwestern 
and  in  ]888  came  to  Portland,  thence  to 
Eugene,  and  in  1889  made  his  way  to  Spokane. 
In  the  fall  of  this  last  year,  he  located  a  home- 
stead where  he  now  resides  and  later  bought 
ninety  acres.  His  attention  has  been  devoted 
carefully  and  wisely  here  and  the  good  results 
are  apparent. 

In  1866,  Mr.  Jenks  married  Miss  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  William  and  Nancy  (Thomas) 
Honak,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  re- 
spectively, and  of  English  extraction.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union  ;  Gertrude, 
wife  of  C.  E.  Amey,  of  Spokane;  Grace,  wife  of 
Thomas  Territ,  lieutenant  governor  of  Idaho 
under  Governor  Hunt ;  and  Borland,  at  home. 
Mr.  Jenks  is  a  liberal  man  in  politics  and  is  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  He  had  six  brothers 
and  sisters,  Joseph,  deceased,  Clara,  Elizabeth 
Keeler,  Thomas,  deceased,  Sarah,  deceased,  and 
Lorena.  The  maternal  uncle  of  our  subject 
was  fighting  for  the  English  at  the  battle  of 
Lundy  Lane,  holding  a  Captain's  commission. 


CHARLES  F.  CONRADY  is  one  of  the 
heavy  mine  owners  of  Stevens  county  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  in  enterprise  and  en- 
deavor to  develop  and  bring  to  the  front  the  al- 
most boundless  resources  of  this  great  county. 
He  was  born  in  New  Bremen,  Ohio,  on  De- 
cember 25,  1853,  the  son  of  Carl  F.  W.  and 
Julia  (Dickman)  Conrady,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. The  father  came  to  this  country  in 
1843,  and  the  mother  in  1847,  and  they 
married  ir.  1852.  Their  home  was  in 
New  Bremen  and  there  they  remained 
until  their  death.  Our  subject  was  reared  and 
educated  in  tliis  place  and  at  the  age  of  twelve 
went  out  in  the  world  for  himself.  He  learned 
the  blacksmith  trade  and  continued  at  it  until 
1 87 1  in  Cincinnati,  becoming  an  expert  horse- 
shoer.  Then  he  enlisted  in  the  First  United 
States  Cavalry  at  Lcniisville.  Kentucky,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  west.  He  was  in  the  ]\Io- 
doc  war  and  after  his  first  term  of  service  ex- 
pired, he  rc-enlisted  in  Troop  H,  First  United 


States  Cavalry.  He  was  at  Forts  Lapwai  and 
Colville.  went  through  the  Bannock  war  and 
participated  in  the  famous  charge  up  Birch 
creek  hill  under  Captain  Parnell.  Mr.  Con- 
rady enlisted  with  a  Mr.  Wm.  Connelly  and 
with  him  served  all  through  the  Modoc  war 
and  was  with  him  at  Fort  Klamath.  Mr.  Con- 
nelly now  lives  near  Waverly,  Washington. 
Following  his  second  term  of  enlistment,  Mr. 
Conrady  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  thence  went 
to  the  old  town  of  Colville  and  settled  later  on 
a  homestead  where  the  Alice  gold  mine  is  now. 
Previous  to  this  he  had  the  contract  of  carry- 
ing the  mail  from  Chewelah  to  Colville  and 
sold  this  to  Glover  &  Gilliam.  After  improv- 
ing his  farm,  he  sold  and  iDOUght  one  near 
Addy,  which  in  turn  was  sold  and  another 
bought  near  Blue  Creek  mines,  and  in  1902, 
Mr.  Conrady  sold  this,  and  moved  to  Colville, 
where  he  h.as  a  house  and  four  lots.  In  1894 
Mr.  Conrady  turned  his  attention  extensively 
to  mining  and  he  has  some  excellent  properties, 
such  as  the  Mineral  States,  of  which  he  is 
president,  the  Copperton  and  the  Erie  groups, 
all  of  them  being  valuable  deposits  of  mineral. 
Mr.  Conrady  is  also  vice  president  of  the  Crys- 
tal Marble  Company,  one  of  the  large  com- 
panies of  the  northwest.  It  is  well  known 
now  that  Stevens  county  contains  some  of  the 
most  valuable  deposits  of  marble  in  the  United 
States  and  the  Crystal  is  one  of  the  largest,  if 
not  the  largest  holder  of  this  valuable  mineral. 
The  quality,  as  well  as  the  quantity  is  unsur- 
passed and  in  the  near  future  the  handling  of 
this  great  wealth  will  be  i^ne  ot  the  largest  in- 
dustries in  the  state. 

On  September  28.  1882,  Mr.  Conrady  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Peter  and 
Mary  A.  King.  The  father  came  to  Stevens 
county  with,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in 
1852  and  here  married  and  remained  until  his 
death,  June  6,  1885.  Mrs.  King  still  lives  on 
the  Peter  King  estate,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conrady  are  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  named  as  follows:  Marie  L., 
wife  of  George  W.  Smith  in  this  county;  Mrs. 
Martha  E.  Goodman,  Lena  A.,  Edna  J.,  de- 
ceased, Carl  F.,  Alice  A.,  Effie  M.  and  Etta  R.. 
twins,  Albert  A.,  Lloyd  P.,  Mabel  C,  Walter 
M.,  William  E..  deceased.  ]\Ir.  Conrady  is  an 
active  Democrat  and  is  ,1  kee.i  participant  in 
the  campaigns.  Mr.  and  !^Irs.  Conrady  are 
meml3ers  of  the  Catholic  church. 


C.  F.  CONRADY. 


GEORGE  W.  SMITh-; 


ROBERT  L.  McCOY. 


MEAD  C.  STOLP. 


CHARLES   R.  WESTON. 


ELI  S.  WESTON. 


ALONZO  SPAULDING.  CHARLES   H.  CHAMBERLIN. 


WILLIAM   DAY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


225 


GEORGE  \V.  S:MITH,  interested  in  di- 
versified farming  and  stock  raising,  lives 
eleven  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Addy,  Stevens 
county,  in  what  is  known  as  Alarble  valley.  He 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  Octo- 
ber 14,  1867.  His  parents  were  Thomas  M. 
and  Frances  E.  Smith,  both  natives  of  the 
"Keystone  State.'"  The  father  served  in  the 
Civil  war.  The  mother  is  nov/  living  on  the 
ranch  in  Marble  valley. 

Our  subject  accompanied  his  parents  to 
New  Jersey  when  a  school  boy  of  nine  years, 
but  he  has,  mainly,  educated  himself  since  then. 
He  came  west  in  1887.  without  money,  and  a 
portion  of  the  way  afoot.  In  September,  1888, 
he  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  and  in  December 
of  the  same  year,  came  to  Sprague,  Washing- 
ton, where  his  parents  were  living  at  that  pe- 
riod. He  had  endured  hardships  almost  too 
numerous  to  mention,  but  invariably  contrived 
to  secure  sufificient  to  eat.  From  Sprague  he 
went  to  Montana,  but  in  1892  came  to  his  pres- 
ent location,  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  vi- 
cinity. Securing  his  present  piece  of  property, 
he  prospected  for  a  few  seasons,  and,  in  com- 
pany with  his  father-in-law,  located  the  Crys- 
tal Marble  Quarries,  in  which  he  still  retains 
a  large  interest.  He,  also,  has  two  copper 
properties,  and  an  interest  in  another.  On  his 
homestead,  containing  a  quarter  section  of 
land,  there  are  one  hundred  acres  of  rich 
meadow.  He  has  a  fine  house,  outbuildings, 
and  an  orchard  beginning  to  produce  fruit.  He 
raises  hay,  horses,  cattle  and  has  a  band  oi 
sheep. 

He  was  married,  September  11,  i8g8,  to 
Mamie  L.  Conrady,  born  in  Colville,  Washing- 
ton. Her  parents  were  Charles  F.  and  Mary 
L.  Conrady  They  have  two  children,  Francis 
Millard  and  Laura. 

In  addition  to  other  lines  of  business  en- 
terprise mentioned,  ]\Ir.  Smith  devotes  much 
attention  to  investigations  on  original  lines  of 
invention,  and  has  recently  secured  a  patent  on 
a  general  farm  and  utility  gate,  which  is  pro- 
nounced the  most  perfect  lever  gate  yet  used. 


ROBERT  LEWIS  McCOY.  It  brings 
one  face  to  face  with  the  fact  that  Stevens 
county  has  long  been  the  abode  of  those  pion- 
eers who  opened  the  country  and  now  deserves 


to  be  classed  as  one  of  the  old  sections,  when 
we  realize  that  such  men  as  the  subject  of  this 
article  was  born  at  Fort  Colville  on  December 
7,  1 84 1,  and  that  many  others  now  living  in 
Washington  were  born  as  early  and  even  ear- 
lier there.  The  father  of  Robert  Lewis  was 
John  McCoy,  a  native  of  Scotland  who  came 
to  the  United  States  when  very  3'oung  and  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany and  had  charge  of  their  western  farm. 
He  laid  out  the  farm  at  Vancouver  and  also 
at  Fort  Colville,  and  continued  in  the  employ 
of  the  company  until  1845.  -^^  married  Su- 
sette  Bouchet,  a  descendant  of  Captain  Lewis 
of  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  expedition.  In  1845 
our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to  Marion 
county,  Oregon.  The  father  was  among  the 
very  first  settlers  there  and  remained  in  that 
vicinity  until  his  death  in  1872;  the  mother 
died  in  1868.  At  one  time  a  large  emigrant 
train  was  coming  to  the  Willamette  valley  but 
was  stopped  at  The  Dalles  by  the  Indians.  ]Mr 
McCoy's  assistance  was  called  in  and  he  suc- 
ceeded in  arranging  matters  so  that  they  were 
allowed  to  resume  their  journey.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  Willamette  valley  and  in 
1862  was  in  the  great  mining  rush  to  Orofino 
and  Florence.  The  next  year  he  passed  through 
where  Spokane  now  stands  en  route  to  Fort 
Colville.  Then  he  mined  in  the  Cariboo  coun- 
try and  after  this  returned  to  Fort  Colville 
again  and  took  up  stock  raising.  For  fi\-e  years 
he  served  the  government  as  interpreter  and  in 
1882  he  came  to  Hunter's  creek  and  atode  for 
a  decade.  Then  he  settled  upon  his  present 
estate,  about  eighty  miles  south  of  Fruitland. 
He  came  here  in  the  employ  of  the  government 
as  foreman  on  ihe  Indian  farm  under  Indian 
Agent  Hal  Cole. 

On  June  14,  1864,  Mr.  McCoy  married 
Miss  Josette,  daughter  of  James  Finley,  a  na- 
tive of  the  Red  River  country,  of  Scotch  de- 
scent and  who  married  a  Colville  woman.  Mr. 
Finley  was  a  hunter  and  trapper  all  his  life. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCoy  the  following  children 
have  been  born :  Mrs.  Isabel  Desautel,  Mrs. 
Adeline  Gobor,  deceased;  Esther,  deceased: 
Christina,  deceased:  Robert:  Bazil.  deceased: 
Virgil :  Frederick,  and  Albert. 

Mr.  McCoy  has  taken  great  pains  to  educate 
his  children  in  a  first  class  manner  and  in  addi- 
tion to  other  attainments  the  last  two  are  very 
skilled  portrait  artists.     Mr    AlcCoy  has  im- 


226 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


proved  his  farm  in  a  good  manner  and  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  substantial  residents  of  his 
section.  The  thrilHng  accounts  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke  and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  ac- 
tivity in  these  sections  will  be  fully  detailed  in 
the  historical  portion  of  this  work. 


MEAD  C.  STOLP.  Among  the  earliest 
industries  of  the  Colville  valley  is  to  be  men- 
tioned the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  from  the 
date  of  the  old  whipsaw  to  when  the  circular 
saw  first  sang  a  welcome  to  civilization,  and 
even  down  to  the  present,  much  time,  talent, 
and  capital  has  been  engaged  in  his  worthy  pur- 
suit. As  a  successful  operator  in  the  realm  of 
the  manufacture  of  lumber,  as  well  as  a  first 
class  and  prosperous  farmer  we  mention  the 
gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  para- 
graph. His  farm  is  located  about  one-half  mile 
north  of  Chewelah,  and  he  has  besides  one  hun- 
dred acres  in  cultivation,  various  improvements 
such  as  a  good  residence,  outbuildings  and  so 
forth,  together  with  a  fine  orchard  co\ering 
seven  acres.  Mr.  Stolp  also  handles  consid- 
erable stock. 

Mead  C.  Stolp  was  born  in  Will  county, 
Illinois,  on  October  9,  1852,  the  son  of  George 
W.  and  Mary  E.  (Hughes)  Stolp,  natives  of 
New  York,  and  descendants  of  prominent  and 
influential  families  of  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania. Their  ancestors  came  early  to  the 
colonies,  and  were  of  English  and  German  ex- 
traction. Our  subject  is  an  only  child.  His 
education  was  received  in  his  native  place,  which 
a  high  school  and  business  courses  completed. 
When  twenty-one  he  commenced  business  for 
himself,  and  in  1884  he  came  west  to  Stevens 
county.  In  the  same  year  he  took  his  present 
homestead,  and  three  years  later  rented  a  saw- 
mill. In  1889,  together  with  his  brother-in-law 
and  J.  Story,  he  built  his  present  mill,  which 
he  has  conducted  steadily  ever  since.  In  1892 
his  parents  moved  to  his  farm,  where  his  mother 
died  April  5.  1903:  the  father  still  lives  at  his 
son's  farm. 

In  1878  Mr.  Stolp  married  Miss  Ida  J., 
daughter  of  Dennis  F.  and  Rhoda  Lucas,  na- 
tives of  Canada  and  descendants  of  Welsh  and 
German  ancestors,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  descendant  of  the  noted  and  beloved 
Commodore  Perry.     The  father  died  in   1898 


having  served  through  the  Civil  \\'ar  in  one  of 
the  Kansas  Cavalry  regiments.  Mrs.  Stolp  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  George,  \'al- 
entine,  Sarah  \'anslyke,  deceased;  Rhoda  M. 
Stroy,  Ettie  Hasshagan  and  Harry  jM.  Kirk. 

Six  children  have  been  born  to  ]Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Stolp:  Claud  C,  Maud  M.,  Roland  R., 
Hugh  B.,  Ruth,  and  Dollie  M.  :\Ir.  Stolp  is  a 
Democrat,  and  was  chosen  by  the  people  to  act 
as  justice  of  the  peace,  but  refused  to  qualify. 
He  is  serving  at  the  present  time  on  the  school 
board  and  is  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  edu- 
cational facilities.  ]Mr.  Stolp  is  a  member  of 
the  ;Maccabees  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  R.  C. 
and  the  L.  O.  T.  M. 


CHARLES  R.  W^ESTON  is  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  Stevens  county  and  dwells 
on  a  farm  just  east  from  Rice.  He  was  torn 
on  March  23,  1850,  the  son  of  Dr.  Eli  W. 
Weston.  The  Doctor  was  born  in  December, 
1825.  in  New  Y^ork  state.  He  was  liberally 
educated  and  at  an  early  age  matriculated  in 
one  of  the  leading  medical  colleges  of  his  day. 
L'pon  the  outbreak  of  the  Mexican  war.  he 
promptly  enlisted  and  served  as  lieutenant  un- 
der General  Scott  from  the  bombardment  of 
\'era  Cruz  until  the  surrender  of  Mexico.  The 
ancestors  were  of  English  extraction  and 
fought  in  the  Revolution  with  distinction.  Fol- 
lowing the  war.  Lieutenant  \\'eston  returned 
to  New  ^'ork  and  m  Buffalo  married  Miss 
Jennie  Cooley.  the  wedding  occurring  in  1848. 
Her  ancestors  were  English  and  her  father 
served  in  the  war  of  1812.  Soon  after  his 
marriage  the  Doctor  removed  to  Iowa  and  took 
up  the  practice  of  medicine.  When  the  call  caine 
for  troops  to  repel  treason's  attacks  on  the  gov- 
ernment. Dr.  Weston  again  went  to  the  front 
and  enlisted  as  major  in  the  Twenty-fourth 
Missouri  \'olunteers,  under  General  Curtis.  He 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Wilson  creek  on 
August  10,  1 86 1,  when  General  Lyon  was 
killed.  The  general  had  been  tent  mate  to  Dr. 
Weston  in  the  Alexican  war.  At  the  battle  of 
Pea  Ridge.  Dr.  U'eston  did  e.xcellent  service 
and  continued  in  the  struggle,  mostly  in  Mis- 
souri, until  1S63,  when  i;e  resigned  his  com- 
mission and  came  with  his  fiimily.  who  had 
come  to  St.  Louis,  to  the  Beaver  Head  coun- 
try, Mrjntana.     On  the  trip  from  St.  Louis  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


St.  Joseph,  much  danger  was  encountered  on 
account  of  the  unsettled  times.  Five  children, 
of  which  our  subject  was  the  oldest,  were  then 
in  the  familv  and  at  the  Missouri  river  they  fell 
in  with  emigrants  and  made  the  trip  safely  al- 
though they  lost  some  stock.  In  ^Montana,  Dr. 
^Veston  was  associated  v>-ith  Governor  Eger- 
ton,  the  first  governor  of  that  territory,  Judge 
Hosford,  and  "Yankee"  Hall,  in  mining  ven- 
tures and  also  he  practiced  medicine.  Later 
we  see  him  on  the  sound  and  in  Centralia,  be- 
ing one  ■•■)f  the  first  to  settle  there.  Later  he 
journeyed  to  JNIilton  where  he  operated  a  drug 
store  and  practiced  medicine.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  settlers  where  ^^'eston  now  stands.  In 
1887  Dr.  Weston  came  to  Colville  and  at  once 
was  chosen  as  county  commissioner.  In  1890 
he  came  to  Rice,  secured  a  good  farm  and 
there  remained  until  his  death  on  May  17, 
1 90 1.  He  had  dedicated  two  acres  for  a  G.  A. 
R.  armory  hall  and  was  a  strong  member  of 
that  order.  ]Mrs.  ^^'eston  is  now  dwelling  at 
Northport,  Washington.  After  the  family 
came  to  INIontana,  our  subject  \\-orked  at  placer 
mining  and  fed  the  first  quartz  mill  in  the  ter- 
ritory, it  being  located  at  East  Bannock.  This 
was  in  the  fall  of  1863.  Two  years  later  our 
subject  went  to  Helena  and  assisted  to  haul  the 
first  logs  for  the  start  of  the  town  buildings. 
In  the  fall  of  1865,  ^h.  Weston  went  to  the 
Salmon  river  and  caught  salmon,  which  he 
packed  to  Bannock  and  sold  for  fifty  cents  per 
pound.  Later  the  Indians  drove  them  off.  Dur- 
ing these  days  Mr.  \\'eston  had  made  his  home 
with  his  parents  and  when  he  came  to  Oregon 
he  went  railroading.  Later  he  drove  cattle  to 
California  and  then  went  by  steamer  to  Port- 
land. After  this  he  was  in  the  sound  country 
and  soon  located  in  the  Palouse.  Again  we 
see  him  near  Weston  and  in  1878  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  to  fight  the  Indians.  Sam  Ritchey 
v.-as  captain  and  Air.  \\'eston  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant.  He  did  much  scouting  and  assisted 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1879  we  find 
him  in  western  Whitman  county  raising  stock 
and  four  year  later  he  removed  the  same  to 
Willow  creek  country,  INIalheur  county,  Ore- 
gon. After  traveling  to  various  places,  he 
finally,  in  1889,  came  to  his  present  abode,  in 
Stevens  county.  The  farm  is  well  improved 
and  produces  bounteous  crops  annually.  Mr. 
\\'eston  has  a  fine  water  wheel  and  utilizes  the 
power  in  running  a  good  chop  mill.     In  1892 


he  was  deputy  county  assessor  and  he  has  al- 
ways taken  an  active  part  in  political  and  edu- 
cational m.atters.  Mr.  Weston  has  also  done 
considerable  prospecting  and  mming  since  com- 
ing to  the  west  and  is  expert  in  this  line. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  \\'eston  and  Miss 
Louisa  Jackson  occurred  on  March  28,  1878. 
]\Irs.  Weston  was  born  in  Cass  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  August  23,  1858.  Her  father,  John 
Jackson,  was  a  native  of  Indiana  and  dwelt  in 
Kansas  during  the  Civil  war  and  took  part  in 
the  troubles  in  that  beleagured  state,  being  in 
the  state  militia.  Mrs.  Weston's  mother,  Sa- 
rah (Bouse)  Jackson,  was  born  in  Kentucky, 
and  her  father  was  a  companion  to  Daniel 
Boone.  He  went  to  California  in  early  days 
and  was  there  murdered  for  his  money  in  the 
'fifties.  Mrs.  Weston  came  with  her  parents 
to  California  in  187-I  and  three  years  later  came 
thence  overland  to  Walla  Walla.  The  parents 
settled  four  miles  north  from  Pine  City  in 
Whitman  county  in  1879  and  live  there  now. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weston  five  children  have 
been  born,  Edward,  John  \\\,  George  L.,  Ada 
A.,  and  Ernest  C.  Mr.  \\'eston  has  two 
brothers,  George  L.  and  Eli  S..  and  one  sister, 
JMrs.  Hattie  Starky.  JMrs.  Weston  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters :  Mrs.  Maggie 
Payne,  Mrs.  Abbie  Garnell,  Mrs.  Annie  Stew- 
art and  Mrs.  Josie  Herron. 


ELI  S.  WESTON,  an  enterprising  and  suc- 
cessful stock  breeder  of  Stevens  county,  re- 
siding seven  miles  southeast  of  Bossburg,  was 
born  in  Iowa,  December  19,  1859.  He  is  the 
son  of  Dr.  E.  W.  and  Jennie  R.  (Hayes)  Wes- 
ton, natives  of  New  York.  They  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1877,  where  the  Doctor  practiced  his  pro- 
fession many  years.  In  1888  they  removed  to 
Washington,  settling  on  the  Columbia  river, 
where  he  died  in  1900.  His  widow  then  lo- 
cated in  the  north  portion  of  Washington 
where  she  at  present  resides. 

Montana,  Oregon  and  \\'ashington  com- 
bined to  afford  scholastic  privileges  to  Our  sub- 
ject, and  in  1886  he  settled  in  Stevens  county, 
taking  a  homestead  upon  wiiich  he  now  lives. 
Forty  acres  of  his  land  is  under  cultivation,  and 
he  has  some  fine,  fancy -bred  stock,  an  orchard 
of  five  hundred  trees,  substantial  barn  and  an 
ample  supply  of  excellent  water. 


228 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


In  1 88 1  our  subject  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Lizzie  McCoy,  daughter  of  William  and 
Thresea  (Sykes)  McCoy,  the  father  a  native 
of  Ohio,  the  mother  of  Texas.  They  were  the 
parents  of  eight  children,  three  of  whom  sur- 
vive: Lizzie;  Emma,  wife  of  Samuel  Price,  of 
Lewiston,  Idaho;  and  Mary,  wife  of  George 
Tyson,  residing  near  Tekoa,  Washington. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weston  have  five  children, 
Charles  H.,  William  E.,  Jessie  N.,  Mary  E. 
and  Lillian  B. 

The  political  affiliations  of  ]\Ir.  Weston  are 
with  the  Republican  party.  He  manifests  a 
keen  interest  in  the  local  affairs  of  his  com- 
munity, and  is  a  broad-minded,  public-spirited 
man  and  popular  citizen.  Fraternally  he  is  a 
member  of  Bossburg  Lodge,  No.  164,  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  is  past  noble  grand,  and  has  been  repre- 
sentative to  the  grand  lodge  of  the  state. 


ALOXZO  SPAULDING.  It  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  mention  tne 
subject  of  this  article  with  the  deserving  and 
worthy  pioneers  of  this  county.  Mr.  Spauld- 
ing  is  also  to  be  classed  as  a  real  frontiersman 
during  all  his  life,  having  done  the  noble  work 
of  opening  up  different  sections  all  across  the 
continent.  He  was  born  in  Aroostook  county, 
Maine,  on  December  30.  1834.  the  son  of  Dan- 
iel and  Margaret  Spaulding.  natives  of  Maine 
also.  The  family  were  nu  the  frontier  in  Maine 
and  later  c;ime  to  Minnesota,  landing  where  St. 
Paul  now  is  when  there  were  but  two  or  three 
houses  in  the  place.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  in  the  various  places  where  he  lived 
and  in  Minnesota  learned  the  trades  of  the  car- 
penter and  blacksmith.  The  former  occupied 
him  for  thirty  years,  and  he  has  wrought  m 
various  places  and  capacities.  On  March  10, 
1862.  he  stepped  to  the  enrollment  place  and 
offered  himself  to  fight  for  the  honor  of  the 
flag  and  tiie  defense  of  the  country.  He  was  in 
the  Second  Minnesota  Light  Artillery  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Stone  River  and 
Corinth.  He  was  under  Rosecrans  and  Grant. 
Many  skirmishes  were  in  his  path  and  through 
it  all  he  went  safely  until  at  the  battle  of  Stone 
River  he  v. as  kicked  by  a  horse  which  dislo- 
cated his  knee  and  for  nine  months  he  lan- 
guished in  the  hospital,  being  finally  discharged 
on  account  of  disability  on  Xoven'iljer  13,  1863. 
He  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  .\.  R.'    Return- 


ing home  from  the  war.  Mr.  Spaulding  entered 
the  industrial  walks  of  life  and  on  July  4,  1864, 
he  married  Miss  Christina  Langdon,  a  native 
of  Maine.  To  them  were  born  four  children, 
Mrs.  Ida  M.  Driver,  in  Stearns  county,  Minne- 
sota ;  Edward,  deceased ;  l\Irs.  Sarah  J.  Good- 
ner,  of  Stearns  county,  Minnesota;  Alonzo  G., 
who  married  Miss  Florence  Crenshaw  and  now 
owns  a  fine  farm  four  miles  east  from  Fruit- 
land,  where  our  subject  lives.  The  farm  is 
well  supplied  with  good  improvements  as  a 
nice  si.x-room  residence,  large  barn  and  so 
forth.  Alonzo  G.  has  one  child.  Erven  A.  Our 
subject  has  been  a  Master  ^Mason  for  over 
twenty  years.  He  has  seen  the  hardships  and 
deprivations  of  the  frontier  from  childhood  up 
and  these  things  have  developed  in  him  a  sturdy 
self-reliance  and  strength  that  have  made  him 
a  man  of  influence  and  stabilitv- 


CHARLES  H.  CHAMBERLIX  resides 
about  one  mile  east  of  Harvey  postoffice  and  is 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  farmers  and  stock 
men  of  western  Stevens  county.  His  place 
consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  mostly 
under  cultivation  and  supplied  with  plenty  of 
irrigating  water.  He  has  a  large  orchard, 
plenty  of  berries,  good  buildings  and  other  im- 
provements. 

Charles  H.  Chamberlin  was  born  in  Wind- 
sor county,  Vermont,  on  October  22,  1848,  the 
son  of  Charles  G.  and  Julia  A.  (Silver)  Cham- 
berlin, natives  of  Vermont  also.  The  father 
was  a  carpenter  and  about  1856  came  to  Blue 
Earth  county,  Minnesota,  being  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  that  country.  The  Sioux  Indians 
were  very  hostile  and  Mr.  Chamberlin  enlisted 
to  repel  their  attacks.  He  remained  in  that 
county  until  his  death  in  1902,  being  then  in 
his  eighty-first  year.  The  mother  still  resides 
there,  being  eighty  years  of  age.  Her  father 
was  a  patriot  in  the  war  of  181 2. 

Our  subject  grew  up  on  the  farm  and  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  public  schools  of 
Blue  Earth  county,  and  in  1875  came  west  to 
San  Francisco.  He  visited  Portland  and  after 
one  year  in  the  Willamette  valley,  returned 
by  stage  to  Sacramento,  California,  whence  he 
journeyed  back  to  Allegan  county.  Michigan. 
On  July  4.  1881.  Mr.  Chamberlin  married  ]\Iiss 
Arzina,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Arzina  ( Wil- 
lev)  Devereux,  natives  of  \'ermont.  at  Barton, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


229 


in  which  state  Mrs.  Chamberhn  was  born,  on 
July  4,  1862.  Her  father  enlisted  in  Battery 
T,  First  Artillery,  Eleventh  Vermont  \^olun- 
teers,  first  as  corporal  and  served  until  his 
death  on  November  17,  1864.  He  did  honor- 
able service  in  many  skirmishes  and  battles  and 
finally  on  October  19,'  1864,  he  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Gedar  Creek  and  died  a  little 
later  as  stated.  The  mother  died  in  Wright 
county,  Iowa,  in  1875.  Mrs.  Chamberlin  then 
li^-ed  with  an  uncle  of  her  husband  until  her 
marriage  when  the_\'  remo\-ed  to  Minnesota  and 
farmed  there  until  1889.  Then  he  sold  and 
came  to  Stevens  county  and  located  on  a  ranch 
where  Arzina  postoffice  is  now  situated,  the 
same  being  named  after  Mrs.  Chamberlin.  She 
was  the  first  postmistress  and  later  they  sold 
their  property  and  came  to  their  present  loca- 
tion. Tliis  was  in  1898,  and  since  then  Mr. 
Chamberlin  has  been  doing  general  farming 
and  stock  raising  and  is  at  the  home  place. 
They  have  one  child,  Bessie  R.  Mr.  Chamber- 
lin has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Wil- 
lis E.,  Eugene,  Frederick  and  Mary  E.  I\Irs. 
Chamberlain  has  four  brothers.  Thomas, 
Charles.  Edward  and  George,  and  one  half 
sister,  Nellie  Haney  who  lives  with  her.  Mrs. 
Chamberlin  has  de\-oted  many  years  to  teach- 
ing both  instrumental  and  vocal  music  and  has 
done  some  very  commendable  work  in  this  line. 
She  is  constantly  occupied  at  this  and  has 
classes  at  the  present  time. 


\\TLLIA:M  day,  deceased.  The  subject 
of  this  memoir  resided  four  miles  north  of 
Echo,  Stevens  county,  and  was  engaged  in  di- 
versified farming  and  stock  breeding.  He  was 
bom  in  Leeds,  England,  in  1841,  the  son  of 
James  and  Alary  Day,  natives  of  England. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1844  and 
located  in  Ohio,  where  they  lived  twelve  years, 
removing  to  Missouri,  where  they  died.  They 
were  of  a  wealthy  and  distinguished  English 
family.  Eleven  children  were  born  to  them, 
of  whom  si.x  survive :  John,  in  Missouri ; 
William,  our  subject:  Sarah,  married  to  Sam- 
uel Weller;  Gus,  in  Kansas;  Eli,  of  Iowa:  Ed- 
gar of  Missouri :  and  Renz.  A  son  named  Jo- 
seph was  killed  during  the  Ci\il  war. 

The  education  of  our  sul)ject  was  received 
in  the  public  schools  of  ISIissouri,  and  at  the 


age  of  eighteen  he  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Seventh  Missouri  Cavalry,  serving  four  years 
in  the  Civil  war,  being  mustered  out  in  the 
fall  of  1865,  at  St.  Louis.  Eight  years  subse- 
quently he  removed  to  western  Kansas,  en- 
gaged in  general  farming  for  thirteen  years, 
and  then  became  a  contractor  for  a  railroad 
company.  Two  years  later  he  came  to  Stevens 
county,  and  secured  a  contract  in  Spokane  to 
do  street  grading.  This  was  in  the  fall  of  1889. 
He  arrived  in  Spokane  the  evening  following 
the  great  fire.  Re  moving  to  Stevens  county, 
he  sucured  a  quarter  section  of  land,  which  he 
continued  to  improve  until  he  died,  January 
I,  1900. 

Our  subject  left  a  widow  and  si.x  children, 
viz:  Willis,  now  in  the  Indian  Territory; 
Charles  R. ;  ]\Iary,  wife  of  Thomas  W.  Stack, 
of  Victoria,  British  Columbia ;  Joseph ;  Elmer, 
in  Oregon ;  and  Niva  Elwood,  of  Stevens 
county.  In  1865  our  subject  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Susan  Gammon,  daughter  of  Jo- 
siah  and  Clarinda  (Steward)  Gammon,  na- 
tives of  Kentucky.  They  removed  to  Iowa  and 
thence  to  Missouri,  wliere  they  died.  To  them 
were  born  twelve  children,  of  whom  eight  sur- 
vive: Ann,  wife  of  Andrew  Fifer;  William,  of 
Pomeroy,  \\'ashington ;  Robert ;  Susan  and  Lu- 
cinda,  twins:  Delia,  wife  of  Joseph  Dunham; 
Clarinda,  married  to  Z.  Clifton,  of  ISIissouri ;  ■ 
and  Paulina,  married  to  M.  Brown.  The  fam- 
ily of  the  mother  were  relati\-es  of  the  Stewards 
of  Scotland,  and  her  fatlier  was  a  judge  in 
Clark  county,  ]\Iissouri,  four  years. 

The  political  principles  of  our  subject  were 
those  of  the  Republican  party,  until  after  the 
war,  when  he  voted  the  Democratic  ticket,  af- 
filiating with  the  People's  party  when  it  came 
into  existence.  He  was  nominated  for  county 
clerk  in  Stevens  county,  but  was  defeated, 
throughout  his  life  he  was  active  in  political 
movements,  and  always  took  a  lively  interest  in 
local  affairs.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  a  Spiritualist  by 
faith.' 


GUY  HAINES  is  doubtless  one  of  the  old- 
est settlers  in  northern  \\^ashington.  At  the 
present  time  he  is  dwelling  on  a  valuable  farm 
about  one  mile  up  the  river  from  Tumtum, 
which  he  purchased  in  1902.  Fifty  years  be- 
fore that  he  had  passed  the  same  place,  and  from 


230 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Fraser  river  to  southern  California  he  has 
mined  and  packed,  and  wrought  in  the  govern- 
ment service  and  is  to  be  credited  with  a  ster- 
ling worth  and  spirit  that  has  always  led  in 
commendable  achievements. 

Guy  Haines  was  born  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  March  lo,  1831,  the  son  of 
Fredrick  and  Sarah  (Guy)  Haines.  The  pa- 
rents were  both  descended  from  prominent  fam- 
ilies of  Washington,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore, 
and  so  forth.  They  were  warm  friends  of 
President  Buchanan  and  held  high  places.  Guy 
was  educated  in  Marietta,  Pennsylvania,  by  pri- 
vate instructors.  \Vhen  seventeen  he  clerked 
in  a  mercantile  establishment,  and  a  year  later 
crossed  the  plains  in  a  train  captained  by  ]\Ir. 
Ankrim.  They  chartered  a  boat  from  Pitts- 
burg to  St.  Louis,  then  took  part  of  their  ma- 
terial to  St.  Joseph  by  boat  and  the  teams  by 
land.  Four  months  after  leaving  the  Missouri, 
they  landed  in  the  vicinity  of  Shingle  springs, 
California.  Soon  our  subject  went  to  mining 
and  later  we  see  him  in  Sacramento,  which  was 
a  tent  town.  Thence  he  went  to  various  dig- 
gings in  the  state  and  made  many  large  strikes 
at  different  times,  being  an  active  searcher  for 
the  yellow  metal.  He  at  one  time  assisted  to 
build  and  operate  down  the  Sacramento,  from 
Redding  Springs,  the  first  boat  on  the  stream. 
About  this  time,  Mr.  Haines  had  the  mis- 
fortune to  lose  all  his  money,  his  partner  steal- 
ing it.  After  that  he  labored  in  San  Francisco 
to  get  a  start,  following  which  he  came  through 
the  Golden  state  and  Oregon  to  Vancouver, 
where  he  took  a  position  in  the  quartermaster's 
department,  continuing  therein  for  six  years. 
In  1857  -^Ir.  Haines  went  east  to  visit  his  people 
and  the  following  year  was  appointed  superin- 
tendent of  a  large  government  train,  crossing 
the  plains  to  Camp  Floyd,  Utah.  Later  we 
see  him  again  in  Vancouver  employed  in  carry- 
ing the  mail  from  that  point  to  The  Dalles, 
Oregon.  The  following  spring  he  was  detailed 
on  the  survey  which  established  the  boundary 
between  British  Columbia  and  the  United 
States.  It  is  of  note  that  in  1853  Mr.  Haines 
came  from  Vancouver  with  a  government  ex- 
pedition, Capt.  George  B.  McClellan  in  com- 
mand, and  passed  by  where  Spokane  now 
stands,  on  to  Walla  Walla,  The  Dalles,  Oregon, 
thence  back  to  Vancouver.  In  1859  he  went  to 
Colville  and  in  1860  quit  the  government  em- 
ploy.    The  fi)llowing  year  he  went  to  Orofino. 


then  on  to  Montana,  and  in  1862  came  back 
to  Colville.  At  that  time  he  bought  the  land 
on  Walker's  prairie  known  as  the  Haines"  place. 
From  1862  to  1902  he  lived  on  that  place  and 
there  are  few  men  in  this  part  of  \\"ashington, 
better  or  more  favorably  known.  In  1868  Mr. 
Haines  was  married,  and  has  raised  a  family. 

Mr.  Haines  was  well  acquainted  personally 
with  Generals  Grant,  Sherman  and  Sheridan, 
being  a  friend  to  them  all.  On  one  trip  with 
General  McClellan.  he  was  taken  sick  and  the 
humane  general  left  a  physician  and  a  guard  to 
attend  him  for  one  month. 

Mr.  Haines  has  always  supported  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Democratic  party  and  evinces  the 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  county  and  state 
that  become  a  good  public  minded  citizen.  He 
was  elected  county  commissioner  for  two 
terms  in  Stevens  countv. 


GEORGE  W.  WAKEFIELD  has  resided 
in  Washington  for  the  past  twenty-one  years, 
coming  to  the  territory  seven  years  prior  to  its 
admission  into  the  union.  At  present  he  is  en- 
gaged in  logging  at  Springdale.  Stevens 
county. 

George  \\'.  Wakefield  was  born  in  Lafay- 
ette county,  Wisconsin,  February  11.  1846, 
the  son  of  G.  W.  and  Narcissa  (Willard) 
Wakefield.  John  L.  Willard,  the  father  of 
Narcissa  Wakefield,  was  the  last  survivor  of 
the  famous  Lewis  and  Clarke  expedition.  He 
died  in  California  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety- 
eight  years.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois :  the  mother  of  Missouri.  They 
removed  to  California  in  1852,  where  Mrs. 
Wakefield  died  the  same  year.  The  father  set- 
tled in  Sacramento  county,  residing  there  until 
his  death.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children.  Rowan  R.,  George  W.,  Zachariah  T. 
and  Eliza. 

The  elementary  education  of  George  W. 
Wakefield  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of 
Sacramento  county,  California,  and  at  the  early 
age  of  twelve  years  he  began  the  struggle  of 
life  on  his  own  account.  Until  1872  he  fol- 
lowed farming  in  California,  going  thence  to 
Nevada  where,  he  engaged  in  mining  until 
1882,  when  he  came  to  W'ashington  and  located 
in  Stevens  county.  He  purchased  a  farm  which 
he  continued  to  cultivate  until  1902.  when  he 
removed  to  Springdale.  Stevens  county,  where 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


he  now  1 

extensive  scale  for  the  \'an  Dissell  Ali 


Com- 


pany. 

In  the  year  1901,  ]\Ir.  Wakefield  was  united 
in  marriage  to  IMiss  Sarah  Read,  of  Iowa,. 

The  political  af^liations  of  Air.  Wakefield 
are  in  line  with  the ,  principles  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party. 


IRA  L.  RIGGS,  manager  for  the  Reming- 
ton Typewriter  Company,  covering  eastern 
Washington  and  the  five  northern  counties  of 
Idaho,  the  Kootenai  district  of  British  Colum- 
bia, the  state  of  Montana  and  the  northern  tier 
of  counties  in  Wyoming,  has  his  main  office  at 
No.  no  Washington  street,  Spokane  Club 
building,  Spokane.  He  has  a  force  of  ten  em- 
ployes, which  is  to  be  increased  in  the  near 
future,  as  business  is  being  rapidly  built  up. 
He  handles  Remington  typewriters,  office  fur- 
niture, such  as  desks,  chairs  and  tables,  also 
supplies  for  all  makes  of  machines.  There  is 
also  in  connection  a  first-class  repair  depart- 
ment. His  traveling  salesmen  cover  this  terri- 
tory regularly  and  thoroughly. 

Mr.  Riggs  was  born  in  Springfield,  Illinois, 
June  6,  1877,  being  the  son  of  George  W.  and 
Ann  M.  (Ellis)  Riggs,  who  reside  at  Ceresco, 
Nebraska.  The  father  is  a  rancher.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen,  our  subject  was  matriculated  in 
the  Nebraska  State  University,  Lincoln,  Ne- 
braska, taking  the  scientific  course  and  remain- 
ing three  and  one-half  years.  Until  the  open- 
ing of  the  Spanish-American  war,  he  was 
shipping  clerk  in  Chicago.  June  24,  1898,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  K,  Captain  Rogers, 
Twentieth  United  States  Regular  Infantry.  At 
Fort  McPherson,  Georgia,  he  did  garrison 
duty  until  August  15,  when  he  was  sent  to 
Leavenworth.  Kansas  and  was  discharged  Oc- 
tober 23,  1898.  In  1899,  he  engaged  with  the 
Remington  people  and  had  charge  of  their 
office  at  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  Later,  he  became 
city  salesman^  at  Omaha  and  afterward  .was  as- 
sistant manager  at  that  point.  In  March,  1903, 
he  came  to  Spokane  and  assumed  charge  of  this 
territory  as  general  manager  for  the  Reming- 
ton Company. 

Our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  at 
Omaha,  April  15,  1901,  to  Miss  Jennie 
Hughes,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary 
Hughes.     Mrs.  Riggs  is  a  native  of  New  York 


state.  Her  father  is  building  contractor  at 
Lincoln,  Nebraska.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Riggs 
have  been  born  two  children,  Paul  H.  and 
Catherine. 

The  Remington  Typewriter  was  first  owned 
and  manufactured  by  E.  Remington  &  Sons. 
Wycoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict  were  their 
sole  agents  until  about  1882,  when  they  took 
over  the  entire  business  and  it  was  conducted 
under  their  name  until  January,  1903,  when  it 
became  known  as  the  Remington  Typewriter 
Company.  The  factory  is  located  at  Ilion,  New 
York.  The  general  offices  are  at  Nos.  325  and 
327  Broadway,  New  York.  Offices  are  located 
in  every  important  city  in  the  world.  The 
actual  sales  exceed  two  hundred  machines  a 
day,  and  they  transact  the  most  extensive  busi- 
ness in  this  line  in  the  world.  The  Remington 
typewriters  are  used  by  all  nations. 


DELOS  E.  WILCOX,  one  of  the  ener- 
getic young  business  men  of  Cla3'ton,  Stevens 
county,  is  at  present  engaged  in  farming,  lum- 
bering and  contracting. 

He  was  born  in  Minnesota,  October  11, 
1876,  the  son  of  A.  W.  and  Rosalind  (Shoop) 
Wilcox.  Both  were  natives  of  Wisconsin, 
coming  to  Minnesota  in  1872,  where  they  lived 
until  1903,  when  they  pushed  on  farther  west 
to  Washington,  locating  in  Stevens  county 
where  they  at  present  reside.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  eleven  children,  Thomas,  Warren,  Car- 
rie, Belle,  George,  Harry,  Ruby,  Delos,  John, 
Myrtle,  and  Frank. 

Delos  E.  Wilcox  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Redwood  Falls,  [Minnesota.  .\t  the 
age  of  twenty-two  he  commenced  life  for  him- 
self in  the  lumbering  business  which  occupation 
he  followed  four  years.  In  1902  he  came  west, 
locating  at  LTsk,  Stevens  county,  where  he  re- 
mained but  a  short  period,  thence  going  to 
Clayton.  In  this  vicinity  he  purchased  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres,  mostly  timber  land. 
He  had  previously  bought  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  near  L'sk,  and  he  and  his  father 
own  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  near  that 
place.  They  own  four  head  of  heavy  logging 
horses. 

To  Emily  Blake,  :\Ir.  Wilcox  was  united 
in  marriage,  January  6,  1901.  She  is  the 
daughter  of   R.    B.   and    lane    (Ford)    Blake, 


232 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


natives  of  Canada.  In  1877  they  settled  in 
Drayton,  North  Dakota,  where  the  mother 
died.  The  father  at  present  resides  at  Disart, 
Minnesota.  To  them  were  born  thirteen  chil- 
dren. 

Politically,  Delos  E.  Wilcox  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  an  active  worker  in  the  interests  of 
that  party.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of 
Lodge  No.  1 1.9,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Bemidji,  Minne- 
sota. His  business  interests  are  divided  be- 
tween Usk  and  Clavton. 


JOEL  HUFFMAN,  a  prominent  dealer  in 
general  merchandise  and  the  postmaster  of 
Clayton,  Stevens  county,  is  a  native  of  Burke 
county,  North  Carolina.  He  is  a  son  of  Fred- 
erick and  Susan  (Cook)  Huffman.  They  were 
born  and  raised  in  North  Carolina,  settling  in 
Burke  county,  where  the  mother  still  lives. 
Frederick  Huffman,  the  father,  died  in  1897. 
They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  of 
whom  the  folowing  are  living:  Nancy,  wife  of 
Joseph  Mult:  Frederick  M. :  Samuel:  Michael: 
Jane,  married  to  \\'illiam  Orders:  Mary,  wife 
of  Abel  Carswell :  Obe.  resident  of  Cleveland 
county.  North  Carolina:  Ella;  and  Joel,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

He  received  a  common  school  education  in 
Burke  county,  and  at  the  age  of  thirty-five  came 
west  and  engaged  in  merchandising.  Locating 
in  Stevens  county  in  1900  he  purchased  a  quar- 
ter section  of  land,  but  soon  after  engaged  in 
the  general  merchandise  business,  carrying  a 
diversified  stock,  and,  also,  dealing-  in  wood 
and  farming  implements.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Clayton,  March,  1902. 

To  Miss  Celia  Garrison  he  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1887.  Her  parents  were  Thomas 
and  Jane  Garrison,  natives  of  Burke  county, 
North  Carolina.  She  was  of  a  family  of  six 
children,  James,  Eliza,  Walter,  Amanda,  Lola 
and  Celia.  With  the  exception  of  James  and 
Celia  they  are  all  residents  of  North  Carolina. 
Amanda,  Eliza  and  Lola  are  married. 

Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Huffman.  Tessie,  Ernest,  Hubbard, 
Cullie,  Grant  and  Susie. 

The  principles  of  the  Republican  party  ap- 
peal more  strongly  to  Mr.  Huffman,  and  he 
manifests  a  lively  interest  in  its  welfare.  At 
present  he  is  an  influential  member  of  the  Clay- 


ton school  board.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  Order  of  the  Lion,  at 
Clayton.  Himself  and  wife  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Baptist  church 


CHARLES  F.  MURPHY,  a  pioneer  resi- 
dent of  Nortliport  and  a  man  of  large  experi- 
ence in  the  ways  of  the  world,  is  now  the  edi- 
tor and  proprietor  of  the  Nortliport  Republican, 
one  of  the  bright  and  newsy  sheets  of  Wash- 
ington. Mr.  Murphy  knows  the  newspaper 
business  from  the  beginning  up  and  is  a  master 
of  every  portion.  He  writes  with  a  ready  pen 
and  displays  a  grasp  and  understanding  of  the 
questions  of  the  day,  which  proclaim  him  a 
man  of  ability  and  he  stands  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing men  in  Stevens  county  to-day. 

Charles  F.  Murphy  was  born  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  on  September  26,  1866.  His  father.  Pat- 
rick G.,  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  came 
to  the  United  States  when  young.  He  settled 
at  Cleveland  where  he  was  engaged  with  the 
Wells  Fargo  Express.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Sixty-seventh  Ohio  Regiment,  as  a  private, 
being  afterward  promoted  to  the  position  of 
sergeant.  He  served  all  through  the  struggle 
and  was  in  the  leading  battles  of  the  war.  He 
received  a  wound  in  the  shoulder  and  at  the 
close  of  the  war  was  honorably  discharged.  Mr. 
Murphy  receives  a  pension  from  the  govern- 
ment and  is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
Immediately  subsequent  to  the  war,  he  followed 
contracting  on  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  from 
Omaha  to  Laramie,  then  engaged  in  stock 
raising  and  finally  in  1900,  came  to  Northport, 
where  he  now  li\es  retired,  being-  in  his  eighty- 
first  year. 

Patrick  G.  Murphy  married  Miss  Ann 
O'Brien,  a  native  of  Ireland,  the  wedding  oc- 
curring immediately  before  he  sailed  to  the 
United  States.  She  died  in  1877.  To  this 
union  the  following  children  were  born,  Mrs. 
Marian  Erhart,  Mrs.  Kate  McCarthy.  James 
E.,  Charles  F.,  who  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
and  Mrs.  J.  J.  Tracy.  Our  subject  received  a 
good  education  in  Larmie  and  in  1877.  en- 
tered the  office  of  the  Laramie  Sentinel,  the  first 
]5aper  published  in  that  state,  as  an  apprentice. 
The  noted  Bill  Nye  was  working  on  the  paper 
at  the  same  time.  Later  Mr.  Murphy  took  a 
trip  to  Deadwood  and  followed  his  trade  there. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


233 


tlieii  went  to  Leadville,  where  he  did  the  same. 
He  returned  to  Laramie  then  went  on  a  trip 
through  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Cahfor- 
nia,  working  upon  the  principal  papers  in  these 
states,  after  which  he  came  back  to  Leadville. 
In  1892,  Mr.  Murphy  came  to  Spokane  and 
with  his  brother-in-law,  W.  P.  Hughes,  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume,  established  the 
first  paper  in  Northport.  He  continued  with 
Mr.  Hughes  until  1898  then  established  the 
Northport  Republican  and  has  been  running  it 
ever  since.  He  has  made  it  one  of  the  leading 
papers  of  western  Washington  and  has  gained 
a  large  circulation.  In  early  days,  Mr.  Murphy 
became  a  member  of  the  typographical  union 
and  now  holds  an  honorary  membership  in  the 
same.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles  and  Red 
Men,  while  in  politics,  he  is  a  strong  Republi- 
can and  has  served  in  the  various  conventions 
at  different  times.  At  Laramie  in  1885,  Mr. 
Murphy  married  Miss  l^Iinnie,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Delilah  Warren,  who  reside  at 
Laramie  now.  To  this  union,  one  child  has 
been  born,  Wanda  F.  Mr.  Murphy  has  a  fine 
homestead  across  the  Columbia  river  from 
Northport,  which  is  well  improved.  He  also 
own  a  good  residence  in  Northport,  besides  five 
houses,  which  are  rented.  In  addition  to  this 
he  owns  the  building  and  lots  where  the  Repub- 
lican is  printed  and  a  large  addition  to  the  city 
of  Northport.  Mr.  Murphy  has  gained  a  fine 
success  as  will  be  seen  from  the  above  and 
withal  has  won  for  himself  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  the  people,  having  many  friends  here. 


JOHN  J.  TRAVIS,  M.  D.,  needs  no  intro- 
duction to  the  people  of  Northport  and  the  sur- 
rounding country,  having  established  himself 
firmly  in  the  confidence  and  high  esteem  of  all 
by  his  walk  in  the  years  of  his  stay  here,  which 
has  displayed  a  stanch  manliness  and  keen 
ability,  the  lodestones  of  true  confidence  and 
admiration. 

John  J.  Travis  was  born  in  Paris,  Tennes- 
see, on  November  14,  1859.  His  father.  Dr. 
Joseph  H.  Travis,  was  a  prominent  physician 
of  that  section,  a  graduate  of  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College,  and  an  active  participant  in  medi- 
cal practice  for  forty-five  years.  He  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  Andrew  Johnson, 
president     of     the     United   States,    a    mem- 


ber of  the  legislature,  and  his  death  oc- 
curred in  1882,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year. 
This  worthy  gentleman  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Crump,  the  daughter  of  a  leading  journalist  of 
England.  Miss  Crump  was  the  first  music 
teacher  in  Paris  and  her  two  brothers,  John  and 
Charles,  are  prominent  and  wealthy  men  in 
Philadelphia.  She  died  when  our  subject  was 
an  infant.  Six  children  had  been  born  to  this 
union,  three  of  whom  are  living,  named  as  fol- 
fows :  Robert,  an  officer  in  Company  B, 
Fourth  Regulars,  serving  all  through  the  Span- 
ish and  Philippine  wars,  and  being  still  with  his 
company;  Sally,  wife  of  C.  M.  Kennerly,  of 
Paris,  Tennessee;  Dr.  Travis,  our  subject.  Af- 
ter completing  a  thorough  schooling,  our  sub- 
ject, at  the  age  of  seventeen,  accepted  a  position 
of  salesman,  and  while  carrying  on  his  business 
gave  especial  attention  to  the  study  of  medicine, 
also  using  great  diligence  to  occupy  each  hour 
when  not  in  work.  Later  he  matriculated  in 
the  Medical  College  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
and  in  1881  received  his  diploma  from  the  Van- 
derbilt  University  in  Nashville.  He  immedi- 
ately began  to  practice  in  Paris  and  also  took 
part  in  politics,  being  chairman  of  the  county 
central  committee.  Through  J.  D.  C.  Atkins, 
commissioner  of  Indian  affairs  in  Washington, 
our  subject  was  appointed  by  President  Cleve- 
land, agency  physician  at  Chewelah,  and  in 
1886,  he  located  in  that  town.  After  nine 
months  in  the  position,  he  resigned,  as  the 
agency  was  removed  to  Fort  Spokane.  He  was 
postmaster  of  Chewelah  and  also  was  chosen 
as  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  constitutional  con- 
vention, when  Washington  was  admitted  as  a 
state,  having  the  distinction  of  being  the  young- 
est member  and  representative  of  the  largest 
section.  In  1895  Dr.  Travis  came  to  Northport 
and  opened  an  office.  From  the  outset  he  was 
favored  with  a  good  practice  and  he  has  shown 
himself  not  only  an  able  physician  and  surgeon, 
but  a  leading  and  capable  man,  ha\'ing  labored 
hard  for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of 
Northport  and  the  vicinity.  He  brought  his 
family  hither  in  1897  and  now  has  one  of  the 
finest  residences  in  the  city,  it  being  a  modern 
ten-room  structure,  handsomely  located  and 
tastefully  appointed.  Dr.  Travis  was  one  of  the 
prime  movers  in  the  organization  of  the  city 
government  of  Northport  and  has  taken  a  keen 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  town  since.  He 
was  appointed  physician  for  the  railroad  under 


234 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


D.  C.  Corbin  and  still  holds  the  position  under 
J.  J.  Hill.  He  was  the  sole  physician  of  the 
smelting  company  for  one  year  and  now  holds 
the  position  jointly  with  Dr.  Wells.  During 
tlie  quarantine,  Dr.  Travis  was  health  oiificer  for 
the  Canadian  government.  In  addition  to  the 
large  practice  that  Dr.  Travis  handles,  he  is  at 
the  head  of  the  Northport  Drug  Company, 
which  does  a  large  business  in  drugs  and  drug- 
gists accessories.  The  store  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing commercial  establishments  of  the  city  and 
under  the  doctor's  wise  management  has  made 
a  gratifying  success. 

Fraternallv  Dr.  Travis  is  afHliated  with  the 
Elks,  the  Redmen.  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Eagles, 
the  \\'.  W.,  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  and  is 
medical  examiner  for  several  of  these  orders. 

On  October  i8,  1882,  Dr.  Travis  married 
Miss  Hattie  Porter,  the  wedding  occurring  in 
Paris,  Tennessee.  The  parents  of  Mrs.  Travis 
are  Dr.  Felix  E.  and  Hattie  (Loving)  Porter. 
The  mother  is  deceased,  but  the  father  is  still 
a  prominent  physician  of  Paris.  One  child  has 
been  born  to  this  union.  Eugene  Porter.  The 
date  of  his  nativity  is  July  14,  1883.  He  has 
attended  the  agricultural  college  at  Pullman, 
and  is  now  studying  pharmacy  under  the  tuition 
of  his  father. 

In  addition  to  all  the  enterprises  men- 
tioned, we  should  state  that  Dr.  Travis  is  active 
in  mining  circles  and  has  done  much  for  the 
promotion  and  development  of  various  proper- 
ties in  this  section. 


CHARLES  WILLIAMS  is  associated 
with  Mr.  J.  Jackson  in  the  ownership  and 
operation  of  the  New  Zealand  hotel  in  North- 
port.  The  structure  is  built  of  brick  and  is  two 
stories  in  height.  It  contains  sixteen  sleeping 
rooms  in  the  second  story  and  fine  large  dining 
room,  bar,  kitchen,  and  office  on  the  first  floor. 
The  house  is  handled  in  a  business  like  manner 
and  is  the  recipient  of  a  liberal  patronage  from 
an  appreciative  public. 

Charles  Williams  was  born  in  Sweden,  on 
December  29.  1858,  the  son  of  Wilhelm  and 
Johanna  Williams,  both  natives  of  Sweden. 
The  former  is  still  living  there,  but  the  mother 
died  some  time  since.  Our  subject  has  one 
brother,  August,  ten  years  his  senior.  He  is 
living  in  St.  Cloud.  Minnesota,  having  come  to 


this  country  in  1874.  Charles  was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  received  a  good  education  in  his  native 
country.  After  school  days  were  over  he  ser\^ed 
two  years  in  the  regular  army  in  Sweden,  and 
in  1882  came  from  that  country  to  the  United 
States.  Boston  was  the  port  where  he  landed 
and  he  soon  came  thence  to  his  brother  in 
Minnesota.  In  1888  I\Ir.  Williams  came  on 
west  to  Great  Falls.  Montana,  and  there  did 
prospecting  and  mining.  He  has  been  in  most 
of  the  prominent  camps  in  both  Montana  and 
Idaho  and  has  had  much  experience  in  mining. 
In  June,  1896,  :Mr.  Williams  settled  in  North- 
port  and  engaged  in  business  with  his  present 
partner  and  since  that  time  has  continued 
steadily  and  industrously  in  the  same  occupa- 
tion. The  New  Zealand  hotel  is  one  of  the 
up  to  date  hostelries  of  this  part  of  the  country 
and  is  conducted  in  first-class  shape.  ■  Mr. 
W' illiams  and  his  partner  each  own  a  handsome 
residence  in  Northport. 

On  May  17,  1898,  Mr.  Williams  married 
Miss  Helma  Sestrand  and  to  them  one  child 
has  been  born,  Edwin. 


THOMAS  R.  WELCH,  who  is  at  the  head 
of  the  Columbia  Drug  Company,  which  oper- 
ates a  first-class  drug  store  in  Northport,  is  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  that  thriving  town 
and  has  made  a  very  flattering  record  in  busi- 
ness enterprises.  He  is  a  genial  and  ]jrogressive 
man,  capable  and  up  to  date,  and  stands  excep- 
tionally well  in  both  business  and  social  circles. 

Thomas  R.  Welch  was  born  in  Batesville, 
Arkansas,  on  January  zt,.  1864,  being  the  son 
of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Bates)  Welch,  natives 
of  Ohio  and  Batesville.  Arkansas,  respectively. 
They  are  both  deceased.  The  mother's  father 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  Arkansas  and  laid 
out  the  town  of  Batesville  and  gave  it  the  name. 
He  built  the  first  brick  hotel  in  the  town  and  it 
is  still  standing.  It  is  known  as  the  Southern 
Exchange.  Our  subject  has  one  brother,  W. 
B.  Welch,  who  is  a  druggist  in  Los  Angeles, 
California.  After  receiving  a  good  education  in 
the  high  school  of  his  native  town,  Thomas  R. 
entered  and  graduated  from  the  Minnesota  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy  at  Alinneapolis.  In  1880  he 
came  to  San  Francisco  with  his  mother,  taking 
an  interim  in  his  studies.  Later  he  returned 
and  completed  his  course.     After  this  he  came 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


235 


on  to  Portland.  Oregon,  thence  went  to 
Spokane,  and  finally  settled  in  Reardan,  whence 
he  removed  to  Northport  in  1897.  He  estab- 
lished a  first-class  store  at  once  and  has  been  at 
the  head  of  a  thriving  business  since.  Mr. 
Welch's  personality,  high  sense  of  honor,  and 
careful  and  reliable  business  methods  have  won 
for  him,  both  a  good  success  and  hosts  of  warm 
friends.  In  addition  to  his  store  and  business, 
he  owns  a  handsome  cottage  residence  in  North- 
port,  modern  and  beautifully  equipped.  He  also 
has  several  residences  in  Spokane  and  some 
vacant  property. 

On  November  25,  1897,  Mr.  Welch  married 
Miss  Kate  Scott,  the  nuptials  occurring  in 
Spokane.  Mrs.  Welch's  parents  are  Wilson 
and  Alargret  (Tingle)  Scott,  who  reside  in 
Spokane.  The  father  is  mail  clerk  on  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific. 
Mrs.  Welch  has  three  sisters,  Mrs.  J.  Beckett, 
Mrs.  E.  Blanchard,  Miss  Alma,  and  one  broth- 
er, Joseph,  who  owns  and  publishes  the  Cociir 
d'Alcnc  Press  in  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Welch  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  and  are  exemplary  people. 


CHRISTIAN  C.  KNUTSON,  a  promi- 
nent and  practical  mining  man  of  Northport, 
is  to  be  classed  as  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  this  section.  He  was  on  the  ground  where 
Northport  now  stands  in  1886,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  took  it  up  as  a  squatter's  claim.  He 
continud  his  residence  here  some  time  and 
then  abandoned  the  claim,  but  later  returned. 
At  first  he  intended  to  locate  the  land  as  a  home- 
stead when  it  was  surveyed,  but  getting  inter- 
ested in  mining,  gave  up  that  idea,  which  caused 
him  to  abandon  the  land.  Mr.  Knutson  has 
given  considerable  attention  to  prospecting  and 
operating  in  British  Columbia,  Okanogan 
county  and  the  country  surrounding  Northport. 
He  has  located  several  very  fine  prospects, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Great  Re- 
public, which  is  this  side  of  the  boundary  line. 
It  is  incorporated  and  ]\Ir.  Knutson  is  president. 
The  company  has  done  about  twenty-five  thou- 
sand dollars'  worth  of  work,  which  shows  a 
very  fine  copper  proposition.  A  large  amount 
of  ore  is  on  the  dump  and  shipping  will  soon  be- 
gin. Another  mine  ]\lr.  Knutson  has  located 
and  opened  is  the  Last  Chance,  inc(_irporated. 


This  property  has  been  developed  in  good  shape 
and  has  already  placed  upon  the  market  nearly 
two  thousand  tons  of  ore.  It  is  shipping  thirty 
tons  per  day  now,  the  ore  netting  twenty  dol- 
lars per  ton.  Mr.  Knutson  is  general  manager 
and  is  making  it  a  paying  proposition.  The 
property  lies  about  seven  miles  east  from  North- 
port  and  promises  to  be  one  of  the  very  valua- 
ble producers. 

Mr.  Knutson  has  been  tireless  in  his  efforts 
to  bring  the  mining  resources  of  the  country  to 
the  front  and  doubtless  has  accomplished  more 
than  any  other  man  in  this  important  industry. 
His  work  has  always  been  successful,  owing  to 
his  consummate  wisdom,  and  he  is  considered 
one  of  the  leading  mining  men  in  this  part  of  the 
country. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Knutson  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M..  the  Red  Men, 
the  W.  W.,  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  the  En- 
campment and  the  Elks.  For  two  terms  Mr. 
Knutson  was  deputy  sheriff  in  this  county  and 
he  has  made  himself  an  excellent  standing 
throughout  this  part  of  the  country.  Mr. 
Knutson  comes  from  that  aggressive  and  stanch 
stock  which  first  discovered  the  continent  of 
America.  His  birth  place  was  La  Salle  county, 
Illinois,  and  the  date  thereof  January  31,  1861. 
His  parents  are  Christen  Knutson  Tieg  and 
Anna  Holland,  natives  of  Norway.  The^■  came 
to  the  United  States  in  i860,  and  the 'father 
died  in  Iowa  in  1898.  The  mother  is  still  living 
in  Jewell,  Iowa.  Our  subject  is  the  voungest 
of  a  family  of  seven  children  all  of  whom  were 
born  in  Norway  except  himself.  When  young 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Jewell,  Iowa,  re- 
maining there  until  thirteen,  when  he  began 
life  for  himself. 


DANIEL  H.  CAREY  is  a  leading  lawyer 
in  the  northern  part  of  Washington,  who,  by 
his  ability  as  a  forensic  orator,  his  acumen, 
and  deep  erudition,  has  won  for  himself  dis- 
tinction throughout  the  state.  He  has  handled 
some  of  the  heavy  litigations  through  the  state 
and  stands  exceptionally  well  as  a  talened  mem- 
ber of  he  bar. 

Daniel  H.  Carey  was  born  on  July  29,  1862, 
in  Dane  couny,  Wisconsin.  His  parents, 
Michael  and  IMargaret  (Crowley)  Carey,  were 
born  in  Ireland  and  early  came  to  the  United 
States,   settling  in   Wisconsin   when   it  was   a 


236 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


wilderness.  The  father  died  there  about  ten 
years  since  and  the  motlier  is  still  living  in 
Dane  county.  Our  subject  was  one  of  eight 
children,  five  of  whom  are  still  living,  he  being 
the  oldest,  James  \^^,  John  B.,  Nellie,  Maggie. 
All  of  the  children  are  holding  prominent  posi- 
tions in  the  various  walks  of  life.  After  com- 
pleting the  high  school  course,  Daniel  H.  ma- 
triculated in  the  state  university  at  3Iadison 
and  when  he  had  finished  the  sophomore  year 
in  the  scientific  course,  went  to  the  state  normal 
at  Plattsville,  where  he  graduated.  Immedi- 
ately following  that,  he  came  to  Dundas, 
Minnesota,  and  for  three  years  was  the  efficient 
principal  in  the  high  school  there.  After  that, 
he  read  law  with  A.  D.  Keys  in  Fairbault, 
Minnesota,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fall 
of  1889.  Subsequent  to  that,  Mr.  Carey  came 
to  Helena,  Montana,  and  entered  the  employ  of 
Sander  and  Cullen,  general  solicitors  for  the 
Northern  Pacific  in  ]\Iontana.  In  the  spring  of 
1890  our  subject  was  appointed  first  solicitor 
for  the  same  road,  in  northern  Washington,  his 
headquarters  being  at  Ellensburg  and  Yakima. 
He  continued  in  this  capacity  until  the  receiver- 
ship of  the  eastern  and  western  portions  of  the 
road  were  consolidated  in  the  east,  doing  also 
in  the  meantime  considerable  outside  practice. 
In  1896  j\Ir.  Carey  took  the  platform  and 
stumped  the  state  of  Washington  as  a  silver 
Republican.  He  gained  much  distinction  as 
an  orator  and  w^as  enthusiastically  received  in 
the  leading  centers  of  the  state.  In  the  spring 
of  1897  Mr.  Carey  opened  an  office  in  North- 
port  and  has  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  addition  to  legal  business,  he  at- 
tends to  various  other  lines  of  business  through- 
out the  state.  He  is  attorney  for  the  Northport 
Bank,  the  Kendrick  ^lercantile  Company,  the 
Northport  Smelting  and  Refining  Company,  as 
well  as  several  leading  mining  corporations. 
Mr.  Carey  took  a  homestead  across  the  Colum- 
bia from  Northport  in  1900  and  there  has  a 
beautiful  residence,  while  the  estate  is  being 
laid  out  and  improved  to  make  one  of  the  valua- 
ble places  on  the  river. 

On  September  17,  1898,  ]\Ir.  Carey  married 
Miss  Helen  M.  Anthony  of  Seattle.  She  is  a 
graduate  of  the  state  university  of  Washington 
and  also  holds  a  diploma  from  the  pharmaceuti- 
cal department  of  that  institution.  For  two 
years  Mrs.  Carey  was  an  able  assistant  of  her 
luisband  in  the  law  office,  but  since  thev  took 


their  homestead  she  has  paid  more  attention  to 
home  life.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carey  one  child 
has  been  born,  the  date  being  Septenilier  18, 
1903,  and  he  is  named  Charles  Robert. 

Air.  Carey  has  always  taken  a  very  active 
part  in  every  enterprise  that  tends  to  develop 
the  resources  of  this  county  and  bring  to  the 
front  the  same.  He  is  a  public-minded  man, 
progressive  and  influential,  and  is  counted  one 
of  tlie  leading  men  of  Stevens  county. 


FLOYD  C.  S.MITH,  a  popular  and  skillful 
tonsorial  artist,  has  now  a  leading  and  first 
class  shop  in  Northport,  W^ashington,  where  he 
has  resided  since  1895.  His  standing  in  this 
city  is  of  the  best  and  he  has  made  a  very 
successful  record  financially. 

Floyd  C.  Smith  was  born  on  April  8.  1869, 
in  Pawpaw,  Michigan,  being  the  son  of  Sidney 
T.  and  Lydia  (Teller)  Smith,  natives  of  Paw- 
paw and  Lapeer  count)',  Michigan,  respecti'vely, 
and  now  residing  near  Moscow,  the  former 
being  sixty-five  years  of  age  and  the  latter  fifty- 
seven.  Our  subject  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Maude 
Blair,  whose  husband,  Fred  Blair,  is  a  machinist 
of  Spokane.  When  young,  Fred  C.  went  with 
his  parents  to  jNIcCook,  Nebraska,  and  there  en- 
gaged in  railroading,  having  gained  his  educa- 
tion before  leaving  JNIichigan.  In  1892  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Seattle  and  there  engaged  in 
the  barber  business.  It  was  1895  that  Mr. 
Smith  landed  in  Northport,  having  made  the 
journey  from  Moscow  with  team  and  wagon. 
An  invoice  showed  his  financial  holdings  to  be 
very  small  indeed,  but  he  soon  secured  a  shop 
and  went  to  work  and  has  since  continued  in  the 
business  with  a  very  gratifying  patronage. 

Fraternallv,  he  is  affiliated  with  the  Red 
INIen  and  the  A.  O.  U.  \\^ 

In  1892  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  tlie  city 
of  Northport,  his  name  appearing  on  the 
Socialist  ticket. 

On  October  6,  iSq6,  Mr.  Smith  married 
Mrs.  Bertha  Evans  and  to  them  tw(^  children 
have  been  born,  Eva  L.  and  Reta  M. 


WILLIAM  P.  HUGHES  is  nwner  and 
editor  of  the  Northport  Ncz^-s.  a  paper  of  dis- 
tinct literarv  merit  and  vitality  and  one  of  the 
consistant  champions  of  the  resources  of  the 
E\ergreen   state.      In   Northport  Mr.   Hughes 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


^17 


is  known  as  one  of  the  leading  business  men, 
while  in  the  newspaper  world,  he  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  pointed,  bright  and  interesting 
writers  of  \Vashington.  Combining  his  busi- 
ness ability  and  literary  training,  he  has  won  a 
marked  success,  and  a  review  of  his  career 
will  be  very  interesting  reading  in  the  history 
of  Stevens  county. 

William  P.  Hughes  was  born  in  Salem, 
Illinois  on  October  14,  1857.  His  father, 
Thomas  Hughes,  married  Miss  Jane  Sargent, 
a  native  of  Ohio  and  whose  father  was  a  weal- 
thy merchant  of  Ohio.  The  father  died  when 
a^ed  eighty-seven  and  his  widow  is  still  re- 
siding in  Mound  City,  Kansas.  Our  subject's 
paternal  grandfather  was  a  noted  physician  and 
surgeon  in  Wales.  He  brought  his  family  to 
the  United  States  in  his  last  years  and  died  here, 
aged  ninety.  Thomas  H.  was  sixteen  when 
he  came  with  the  rest  of  the  family  to  this  coun- 
try. Our  subject  was  one  of  the  following 
named  children,  ^Irs.  Louise  Kincaid,  Bond, 
Emory  S.,  Captain  John  R.,  William  P.,  Mrs. 
Nellie  Coleman  and  Thomas  G.  F.,  deceased. 
At  the  early  age  of  eight,  our  subject  went 
with  his  parents  to  Mound  City,  Kansas  and 
thirteen  years  later  was  taken  to  Independence, 
Kansas.  After  a  good  education  in  the  public 
schools,  he  began  the  printer's  trade  and  fol- 
lowed it  so  thoroughly,  that  at  the  age  of  fif- 
teen, he  was  a  member  of  the  national  typo- 
graphical union.  Then  he  began  a  series  of 
journeys  to  various  parts  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada  and  he  lias  been  in  the  employ  of 
every  leading  newspaper  on  the  American  conti- 
nent, where  the  English  language  is  spoken. 
Mr.  Hughes  is  still  an  honorary  member  of  the 
union  mentioned  above,  being  allied  with  the 
Spokane  branch.  After  he  had  satisfied  his 
longing  for  traveling,  he  stopped  at  Austin, 
Texas,  and  there  enlisted  with  the  Te.xas. 
Rangers  and  after  a  time  of  service  received 
his  honorable  discharge.  Then  he  returned  to 
his  trade  and  next  we  see  him  in  Leadville, 
where  he  did  prospecting  in  addition  to  printing. 
After  this  he  was  on  the  Rockv  Mountain  News 
at  Denver  and  in  1881,  came  to  Laramie  and 
worked  on  the  Morning  Times.  It  was  just 
across  the  street  from  Bill  Nye's  Boomerang. 
Mr.  Hughes  became  well  acquainted  with  Mr. 
Nye.  Also  he  there  became  acquainted  with 
Miss  Alice  Alurphy,  who  he  married  in  June, 
1882,  in  the  city  of  Denver.     Mrs.   Hughes' 


father,  P.  G.  ]\Iurphy,  is  a  retired  stock  dealer 
and  dwells  in  Northport.  From  Wyoming  our 
subject  went  to  Eureka,  Nevada  and  was  assist- 
ant foreman  of  the  Morning  Sentinel.  After 
this  he  went  to  Los  Gatos,  California,  and  ran 
the  Mail  for  eight  years.  At  the  same  time 
he  established  the  Saratoga  Sentinel  and  Los 
Pinas  Tribune,  operating  them  all  successfully. 
In  1892  Mr.  Hughes  landed  in  Spokane  and 
soon  was  employed  by  the  Spokane  Falls  and 
Northern  railroad  to  start  a  paper  in  North- 
port.  He  pulled  his  plant  in  with  ox  teams 
and  soon  had  the  N'ez^'s,  bright  and  clean,  ready 
for  the  readers,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
present  has  never  missed  an  issue  nor  an  op- 
portunity to  say  a  good  word  for  Northport. 
He  established  the  first  paper  in  Northport  and 
was  appointed  the  first  postmaster,  the  date  be- 
ing 1892.  He  was  also  elected  mining  recorder 
and  in  1895,  was  appointed  United  States  com- 
missioner. The  latter  two  positions  he  still 
holds  and  was  postmaster  also,  for  six  years. 
Mr.  Hughes  was  elected  first  mayor  of  the 
city  and  was  afterwards  police  judge.  For  the 
past  six  years  he  has  been  United  States  river 
reporter,  while  in  local  matters  he  has  always 
taken  a  prominent  part,  manifesting  a  keen 
interest  in  everything  tending  to  upbuild  and 
forward  the  interests  of  Northport  and  this  part 
of  the  state.  Mr.  Hughes  has  been  a  stanch 
supporter  of  church  and  schools,  while  in  com- 
mercial relations  he  has  shown  no  less  zeal, 
being  a  member  of  the  board  of  trade.  He  is 
deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  town, 
has  platted  three  different  additions  and  put 
in  the  first  water  system.  To  Mr.  and  INIrs. 
Hughes,  three  children  have  been  born,  Nellie 
L.,  Jennie  and  William  P. 


GEORGE  THOMAS,  of  the  firm  of  Per- 
due and  Thomas,  who  handle  a  nice  retail 
butcher  trade,  is  a  well  known  and  highly  es- 
teemed resident  of  Northport,  \\''ashington. 
He  was  born  in  Richmond,  Illinois,  on  Octo- 
ber 7,  185 1,  being  the  son  of  Alfred  and  Susan 
(Wescott)  Thomas,  natives  of  New  York. 
George  T.  spent  the  first  ten  years  of  his  life  on 
the  farm  in  Illinois,  gaining  in  this  time  his 
education  from  the  district  schools.  Then  he 
journeyed  to  Winona  county,  Minnesota,  later 
to  Mitchell  county,  Iowa,  and  in  1876  located 
in  Bismarck,  Dakota,  where  he  did  freighting 


238 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


until  1880,  tlien  removed  to  Miles  City,  Mon- 
tana, where  he  operated  a  hotel  for  four  yaars. 
We  next  see  him  conducting  a  restaurant  on 
the  construction  of  the  Canadian  Pacific.  It 
was  1885,  that  Mr.  Thomas  located  at  Colville, 
and  there  engaged  in  business  until  he  came  to 
Northport.  He  was  among  the  very  tirst  to 
settle  in  the  town  of  Northport  and  his  was  the 
first  frame  business  building  in  the  town.  In 
1896  he  moved  his  family  here,  having  con- 
ducted his  business  previously  while  they  were 
in  Colville.  He  and  Mr.  Perdue,  having  in- 
creased their  business  steadily  as  the  town  has 
grown,  are  now  among  the  leading  business 
men  of  this  section.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr. 
Thomas  erected  a  large  two-story,  twenty  room 
hotel,  which  he  fitted  up  in  first  class  shape  and 
rented.  Later  he  has  taken  charge  of  it  in 
person  and  is  conducting  a  fine  hostelry.  The 
house  is  known  as  Hotel  Walters  and  is  doing 
a  good  thriving  business.  Mr.  Thomas  also 
owns  a  half  interest  in  a  large  business  block 
in  Colville  and  some  residence  property  there. 
On  February  23.  1885,  at  Miles  City,  Mon- 
tana, Mr.  Thomas  married  Miss  ■Maggie  Schen- 
nert.  Her  father,  \\'illiam  Schennert,  is  re- 
siding with  Mr.  Thomas  in  the  hotel.  Since 
the  town  of  Northport  was  founded,  Mr. 
Thomas  has  always  resided  here  and  shown 
himself  greatly  interested  in  its  welfare,  always 
assisting  in  public  measures  intended  for  its 
benefit  and  its  general  growth  and  upbuilding. 


WILLIAM  H.  MAXWELL,  who  resides 
about  two  miles  south  from  Gifford,  owns,  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Wesley  Gourley,  a  fine 
saw  mill  plant.  The  mill  has  a  capacity  of 
about  fifteen  thousand  feet  per  day  and  is  oper- 
ated steadily  by  Messrs.  Maxwell  and  Gourley, 
They  find  a  ready  sale  for  all  of  their  lumber, 
both  among  the  residents  near  Gifford  and  also 
by  rafting  it  down  the  Columbia  to  towns  be- 
low. Mr,  Maxwell  is  an  experienced  saw  mill 
man,  having  commenced  in  the  business  when 
he  was  but  seventeen  years  of  age.  The  part- 
nership was  formed  between  Messrs.  Maxwell 
and  Gourley  in  the  spring  of  1903,  and  the  mill 
was  located  at  the  mouth  of  Deer  creek,  on  the 
Columbia.  They  own  considerable  land  about 
the  mill  which  is  Ixjth  good  land  and  supports 
good  timber.     Mr.  Gourley  came  to  the  Cieur 


d"Alene  country  from  the  Black  Hills  in  1886, 
and  three  years  later  Incited  in  western 
Stevens  county.  He  is  a  man  of  family,  having 
a  wife  and  five  children. 

William  H.  Maxwell  was  born  in  Hastings 
county,  Ontario,,  on  October  26,  1862,  the  son 
of  William  and  Arvilla  Maxwell.  When  four 
years  of  age  he  accompanied  his  parents  to 
Saginaw,  Michigan,  and  later  the  family  re- 
turned to  Ontario.  When  sixteen  he  came  to 
Isabella  county,  Michigan  and  followed  lum- 
bering. He  had  received  a  fair  education  from 
the  schools  in  various  sections  where  he  had 
lived. 

On  Decemljer  6,  1887,  ]\Ir.  IMaxwell  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennie  Canniff,  who  was  born  on 
July  13,  1862,  near  the  birth  place  of  her  hus- 
band. Her  parents  died  when  she  was  six  years 
of  age  and  she  was  raised  by  relatives.  In  the 
fall  of  1889  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maxwell  came  to 
Spokane  where  he  engaged  in  farming.  One 
year  later  they  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Daisy  and 
took  the  place  upon  which  they  wrought  con- 
siderable improvement.  In  1898  ]\Ir.  Alaxwell 
again  turned  to  the  lumbering  business,  oper- 
ating at  the  Blue  Creek  mill,  after  which  he 
bought  in  a  mill  at  Daisy.  In  due  time  that 
property  was  sold  and  in  company  with  ]\Ir. 
Gourley,  he  built  their  present  plant.  They  are 
doing  a  good  business  and  are  both  capable 
men. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  ;Maxwell  nine  children 
have  been  born:  Wilber  W. :  Ralph  H.,  de- 
ceased ;  James  C. ;  Aden  L. ;  Estella  A. ;  Susie 
A. :  Rena  M. :  Mary  A.,  deceased  and  Cora  M. 
Mrs.  Maxwell  is  a  member  of  the  Saints  church. 


JOSEPH  N.  HORTON,  better  known  as 
Dr.  Horton,  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  lead- 
ing citizens  of  Stevens  county.  He  divides 
his  time  between  several  occupations  and  has 
made  a  good  success  in  each.  When  a  young 
man.  Dr.  Horton  determined  to  take  up  the 
study  of  medicine  and  accordingly  began  read- 
ing under  the  direction  of  physicians,  and  also 
spent  considerable  time  in  learning  pharmacy. 
He  has  continued  more  or  less  in  reading  since 
and  has  become  very  well  read  in  medical  lore. 
However,  the  doctor  never  took  a  diploma  from 
a  medical  college  and  is  therefore  not  allowed 
a  state  license;  notwithstanding  this  fact,  he  has 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


239 


been  sought  after  by  a  great  man)-  and  has  done 
worlds  of  good  in  Stevens  county. 

Dr.  Horton  resides  about  five  miles  east 
of  Daisy,  where  he  has  a  farm  of  one  hundred 
and  si.xty  acres.  He  has  a  good  residence, 
plenty  of  buildings,  fences,  and  so  forth  on 
the  farm  which  is  laid  under  tribute  to  pro- 
duce the  various  crops  and  fruits  indigenous  to 
this  section.  In  addition  to  this,  Dr.  Horton 
has  close  by  him  valuable  mining  interests. 
He  owns  one-third  interest  in  the  Tempest 
Mining  and  Milling  Company,  being  general 
manager  and  vice  president  of  the  same.  They 
ha\'e  a  twehe  foot  ledge  which  runs  very  high 
in  silver,  and  had  been  developed  by  a  fifty 
foot  shaft  and  eleven  hundred  feet  of  tunnel- 
ing. Spokane  capitalists  are  interested  with 
the  doctor  in  this  property  and  it  is  expected 
soon  to  become  one  of  the  good  paying  proper- 
ties of  the  county. 

Joseph  N.' Horton,  was  born  on  September 
30,  1854,  in  Miami  county,  Indiana,  being  the 
son  of  Thomas  G.  and  Harriett  (Fennimore) 
Horton,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Ohio,  re- 
spectively. The  father  was  born  in  1826,  and  is 
now  living  on  the  old  homestead,  aged  seventy- 
seven  years.  Our  subject's  paternal  grand- 
father was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  Indi- 
ana and  died  in  1892,  aged  ninety-six.  The 
mother  of  Joseph  N.  died  in  1873.  Her  father 
was  in  the  early  Indian  strug'gles  and  the  Mex- 
ican War,  and  also  served  in  the  Civil  War 
althorugh  he  was  aged  sixty-five.  Doctor  Hor- 
ton has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  William 
F.,  Charles  G..  Addison  E.,  Mrs.  Julia  E. 
Alspach.  In  his  nattive  place,  our  subject  was 
educated  and  grew  to  manhood's  estate  and 
in  1876  went  to  Sumner  City,  Sumner  county, 
Kansas.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  Texas 
where  he  engaged  in  shoeing  horses  for  a 
stage  line,  having  learned  the  blacksmith's 
trade  in  his  youth.  In  1880  he  went  to  Mexico 
and  traveled  something  over  thirteen  hundred 
miles  in  a  trip  in  that  Repu1:)lic.  After  this 
he  was  engaged  in  various  sections  of  Old 
Mexico  and  western  United  States  and  endured 
many  hardships  in  passing  through  a  country 
of  hostile  Indians.  In  1884  he  came  to  Spokane 
prospecting  and  was  also  engaged  at  the  Old 
Dominion  in  Stevens  county.  In  1888  he 
loaded  his  earthly  possessions  on  a  pack  horse 
and  wended  his  way  into  the  Columbia  valley 
where  he  soon  located  a  mining  property  in 


which  he  is  now  interested.  In  1893  he  located 
his  farm  and  since  then  has  made  this  his  home. 

On  June  8,  1894.  Dr.  Horton  married  ?\Iiss 
Alice  M.  Bradley,  who  was  born  in  Alinnesota, 
on  February  11,  1876.  Her  father,  John  S. 
Bradley,  was- a  minister  in  the  Free  Alethodist 
church,  came  west  in  1890,  and  is  now  living 
near  Daisy.  Her  mother  is  Julia  A.  Bradley. 
]\Irs.  Horton  has  the  following  brothers  aiid 
sisters,  Mrs.  Dama  Foster,  John  E.,  iNIrs.  Ruth 
Bohren,  Thomas  E.,  Bertha  E..  and  Bernice  AI. 

Dr.  and  ]\Irs.  Horton  have  always  labored 
for  the  moral  and  educational  upbuilding  and 
the  general  welfare  of  the  community.  The 
doctor  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  and 
has  always  been  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this 
section.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Horton,  Beryl  M.  and  Marion  J. 


LEWIS  H.  BROWN.  On  May  23,  1885, 
Mr.  Brown  threaded  his  way  across  the  moun- 
tains from  where  Valley.  Washington,  now 
stands  to  his  present  place  three  miles  east 
from  Daisy.  He  had  a  cayuse,  a  cow  and 
twenty-seven  dollars  in  cash.  The  countrv  was 
wild.  Marcus  was  the  nearest  postoffice  and 
Spokane  the  nearest  railroad  town.  \Mien  he 
reached  the  Colville  valley,  he  choose  a  place 
in  the  wilderness,  erected  a  little  log  cabin  in 
the  brush  and  called  it  his  home.  Now  Mr. 
Brown  owns  over  two  hundred  acres  of  land, 
the  whole  fenced  and  cross  fenced  and  in  a 
high  state  of  cultivation.  He  has  a  beautiful 
residence  with  barns,  plenty  of  outbuildings 
and  every  thing  to  make  the  place  comfortable 
and  ^■aluable,  and  in  contrast  with  going  sev- 
enty-five miles  for  his  mail  he  now  has  rural 
delivery  at  his  door,  school  privileges  one  hun- 
dred rods  away  and  telephone  communications 
with  the  outside  world  in  his  house.  In  addi- 
tion to  doing  general  farming  and  making  this 
desert  place  blossom  as  the  rose.  Mr.  Brown  has 
shown  commendable  knowledge  and  ability  in 
raising  fine  stock.  He  has  some  excellent 
thoroughbred  Shorthorns,  good  horses,  and 
raises  Yorkshire  and  O.  I.  C.  thoroughbred 
hogs.  He  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  sub- 
stantial men  of  Stevens  county  and  is  respected 
and  honored  by  all  who  know  him. 

Lewis  H.  Brown  was  born  on  April  30, 
1S62  in  Columbia  countv.  Wisconsin,  the  son 


HISTORY    OF    XORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  David  and  Julia  (  McCormick)  Brown.  The 
fatlier  came  from  the  rugged  hills  of  Scotland 
to  the  city  of  London,  where  he  lived  twenty 
years,  being  in  the  coffee  and  spice  business. 
Later  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  to  New  York,  the 
trip  consuming  fifty-six  days,  whence  he  made 
his  way  to  Wisconsin  and  there  died  in  1894, 
aged  seventy-eight,  having  suffered  much  from 
cancer  in  his  stomach.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Maine  and  is  now  living  in  Salem,  Oregon. 
Mr.  Brown  has  the  following  sisters.  Mrs.  May 
Ehr,  Airs.  \^ictoria  Wisdom,  IMrs.  Flora 
Walker  and  Mrs.  Maggie  Swanson.  The  two 
latter  were  graduates  of  Valparaiso  normal  and 
spent  many  years  in  teaching.  In  1880  Mr. 
Brown  moved  from  Wisconsin  to  Carlton 
county.  r^Iinnesota  and  bought  a  farm  which 
he  afterwards  lost.  In  1883  he  came  to  Spokane 
and  the  next  spring  took  up  land  where  Valley 
now  stands,  when  in  1885  as  stated  above  he 
came  to  his  present  place. 

On  March  20,  1891  "Sir.  Brown  married 
Miss  Lenora  Lewis,  who  was  born  on  June  i. 
1872,  in  Missouri.  When  seven  years  of  age 
she  came  with  her  parents,  William  H.  and 
Lucy  A.  (Waugh)  Lewis  from  Arkansas 
across  the  plains  to  the  vicinity  of  Latah,  Wash- 
ington. Thomas  A.  Waugh.  the  father  of  Mrs. 
Lewis,  was  a  native  of  the  south  and  at  one 
time  owned  about"  thirty  negroes.  He  died  at 
Kettle  Falls  in  the  spring  of  1903,  aged  eighty- 
seven.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  are  now  operating 
a  hotel  at  Meyers  Falls.  Washington.  Mrs. 
Brown  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters. 
Albert.  William.  Mrs.  Bertha  Halford.  Edith. 
Ellen,  Katie  and  Edna.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brown  six  children  have  l^een  born,  William 
O.,  aged  eleven;  Lawrence  L..  aged  nine;  Vic- 
toria L.,  aged  six;  Ralph,  died  when  two  years 
old;  Clyde  H.,  aged  two,  and  Lester,  the  baby. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  always  been  actively 
engaged  in  both  church  and  educational  work 
and  have  done  a  great  deal  for  the  upbuilding 
of  the  communitv. 


THOMAS  BROWN  has  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  Colville 
valley,  and  as  circumstance  go  his  settlement 
here  permanently  was  an  accident.  However, 
such  has  been  the  walk  and  labors  of  this 
worthy  gentleman,  that  he  is  to-day  one  of  the 
favored  ones,  whose  rewards  for  honest  labor 


and  skill  entitle  him  to  retire  from  active  busi- 
ness now  and  enjoy  the  golden  years  of  his  life 
in  a  goodly  competence.  He  lives  in  Chewelah. 
He  was  born  in  1827,  in  the  Selkirk  settlement 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North.  His  parents 
were  Henry  and  Emma  ( Slater)  Brown,  natives 
of  Scotland,  who  came  to  America  when  young 
and  settletl  on  the  Red  river,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Eight  children  were 
born  to  this  venerable  couple;  James,  Henry, 
Belle,  Emma,  \Villiam,  Thomas,  Mary  and 
Jennie,  all  living  in  Canada  except  our  subject. 
The  common  schools  furnished  the  educational 
training  of  Mr.  Brown,  and  when  twenty  he 
stepped  forth  to  do  for  himself  in  the  activi- 
ties of  life.  Farming  occupied  him  until  1854, 
when  he  started  with  forty  families  for  Cali- 
fornia. Seven  months  later  they  reached 
Wallula,  whence  he  came  to  Stevens  county  to 
winter  his  stock.  He  expected  to  go  to  Cali- 
fornia the  next  spring,  but  because  of  the  fav- 
orable resources  of  what  is  now  Stevens 
county,  and  the  discovery  of  gold  on  the  Col- 
umbia, he  was  led  to  remain  a  year;  but  the 
time  has  lengthened  until  the  present.  Mr. 
Brown  took  a  homestead,  and  to  general  farm- 
ing, raising  stock,  and  mining,  he  has  devoted 
himself  with  excellent  success  until  the  time 
came  for  him  to  retire. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Brown  and  I\Iiss  Jane 
Alode,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  solemnized  in 
the  Red  river  country,  and  six  children  have 
been  born  to  them  ;  Mary,  wife  of  E.  M.  Tho'm- 
ason ;  Maggie,  wife  of  Charles  Montgomery: 
Rebecca,  wife  of  Fred  Keling;  John,  deceased; 
Albert;  Temima,  widow  of  Mr.  Reynolds,  all 
living  in  Chewelah.  Mr.  Brown  has  always 
been  an  active  Democrat,  and  for  three  years  he 
held  the  of^ce  of  postmaster  of  Chewelah.  being 
the  first  incumbent  of  the  office.  He  always 
manifests  great  interest  in  educational  facili- 
ties, and  has  latored  hard  for  their  betterment. 
He  and  his  family  are  adherents  of  the  Congre- 
gational church. 


MARY  L.  THOMASON.  In  Selkirk  on 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  the  subject  of  this 
review  was  born  to  Thomas  and  Jane  (Mowat) 
Brown,  natives  of  Canada  and  Scotland,  re- 
spectively. The  date  of  this  event  was  Janu- 
ary 5,  1848.  In  1853  the  family  removed  from 
Selkirk,  coming  by  teams  across  the  plains  and 


THOMAS  BROWN. 


MARY  L.  THOMASON. 


MRS.  JOSEPH  LAPRAY. 


JOSEPH  LAPRAY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mountains  tv  Stevens  county,  where  the  father 
now  hves,  having  retired  from  active  business. 
The  mother  was  called  away  by  death  on  July 
20,  1900.  She  is  descended  from  a  prominent 
Scotch  family  and  a  vast  estate  to  which  she 
and  her  descendents  are  heirs  is  being  ad- 
judicated in  the  old  country  now.  They  were 
the  parents  of  seven  children :  Mary,  Alargeret 
J.,  Montgomery,  Robina  A.  Killing,  John  L., 
deceased,  Tormima  Reinhal  and  Albert  H. 
Mrs.  Thomason  was  educated  by  a  private 
tutor,  who'.ii  the  father  secured  to  reside  in  his 
family.  She  remained  with  her  parents  until 
January  11,1 887,  when  she  contracted  a  mar- 
riage with  Ellis  B.  Thomason,  who  was  for- 
merly a  sawmill  man.  To  this  marriage  five 
children  were  born  :  Ralph  C,  at  home  with  his 
mother;  Ella  R.,  who  belongs  to  the  R.  N.  A.; 
Edwin  E.,  a  niember  of  the  M.  W.  A.;  Nettie, 
also  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  A. ;  and  Raymond 
G.  Mrs.  Thomason  has  a  fine  farm  of  one 
hundred  and  fifteen  acres  adjoining  the  town 
of  Chewelah  on  the  east  and  she  personally 
manages  the  estate.  It  is  a  very  fertile  and  val- 
uable farm.  So  skillfully  does  Mrs.  Thomason 
handle  her  estate  that  each  year  she  is  bounti- 
fully rewarded  by  large  crops.  Mrs.  Thom- 
ason is  a  woman  of  excellent  executive  ability, 
has  manifested  real  integrity  and  worth,  and 
stands  well.  She  has  many  friends  in  all  sec- 
tions of  the  valley,  where  she  is  acquainted,  and 
is  secure  in  their  confidence  and  esteem. 


JOSEPH  LAPRAY,  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  Stevens  county,  Washington,  dis- 
tinguished for  his  business  ability,  public  spirit, 
and  force  of  character,  after  an  eventful  life, 
crowned  with  social  and  financial  success, 
passed  from  earth  in  1900. 

He  was  a  Canadian  by  nativity,  having  been 
bom  in  Montreal,  January  3,  1834,  the  son  of 
Louis  and  Rosalie  (Gilbert)  Lapray.  The 
father  was  born  in  France;  the  mother  in 
Canada,  the  former  coming  to  Montreal  while 
it  was  yet  a  wilderness.  Here  he  met  his  future 
wife,  married  and  settled  down  to  the  indepen- 
dent life  of  a  farmer.  Their  union  was  blessed 
with  three  children.  Rosalie,  married  to  Ed- 
ward Mathews,  of  Hyacinth,  Canada ;  Vir- 
ginia, wife  of  Peter  Langillier,  Canada;  and 
Louis  Laprav,  the  father,  was  highly 

16 


connected,  his  relatives  being  wealthy  and  not- 
able people  of  France.  The  death  of  one  of 
them  left  a  large  fortune  to  be  divided  among 
heirs,  of  whom  Joseph  was  one.  This  bequest 
he  declined,  saying  that  he  needed  nothing  he 
could  not  earn  for  himself,  and  advising  the 
administrators  of  the  estate  to  distribute  it 
among  the  poor.  This  is  a  striking  illustration 
of  our  subject's  generosity  and  independence. 

Joseph  was  graduated  from  the  Catholic 
College  of  Montreal,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
years  began  life  for  himself.  Coming  to  the 
United  States,  he  crossed  the  plains  in  1859,  in 
company  with  Charles  H.  Montgomery,  a 
sketch  of  whose  career  is  given  in  another  por- 
tion of  this  work.  It  was  their  intention  to 
push  on  to  Eraser  river,  but  they  located  for  the 
time  being  at  Colville,  Stevens  county.  Here 
he  pre-empted  a  quarter  section  of  land,  which 
property  he  owned  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
1874  he  removed  to  Walker's  Prairie  where  he 
lived  and  died.  He,  also,  located  a  homestead 
of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  subsequently 
adding  to  the  same,  until  he  owned  a  thousand 
acres,  where  he  engaged  in  the  cattle  business, 
having  a  band  of  six  hundred  head. 

In  1882  Mr.  Lapray  controlled  a  profitable 
sawmill  business  in  Lincoln  county,  which  he 
conducted  fifteen  years.  The  propert}'  on  which 
his  widow  now  resides,  nine  miles  south  of 
Springdale,  is  sprinkled  with  buildings  until  it 
resembles  a  small  village  by  itself.  He  pur- 
chased a  bridge  of  James  Monaghan,  which  he 
afterwards  rebuilt,  locating  it  across  the 
Spokane  river  and  converting  it  into  a  toll 
bridge.  This  structure  was  afterwards  bought 
by  the  two  counties  of  Stevens  and  Spokane, 
and  it  is  still  known  as  the  Lapray  Bridge.  He 
also  constructed  twenty  miles  of  roadway  be- 
tween this  bridge  and  his  saw  mill.  It  is  at 
present  a  county  road. 

In  1872  our  subject  was  united. in  marriage 
to  Roseline  Miganault.  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Corinne  (Luseier)  Miganault,  natives  of 
France.  They  came  to  Canada  when  children, 
and  the  mother  died  at  Montreal  in  1891.  The 
father,  one  of  the  French  nobility,  still  resides 
in  that  city.  They  were  the  parents  of 
the  following  children :  Lucie,  deceased ; 
Charles,  a  dairyman,  of  Winnipeg;  Vic- 
tor; Corinne,  married  to  Joseph  Broullet, 
of  Falls  River;  Peter;  Joseph,  a  sister 
of    the    Order    of    Teachers    of    the    Cath- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


olic  religion,  in  Montreal;  Louis;  Etinne; 
Sophie,  deceased ;  Mary,  a  Sister  of  Charity ; 
and  Roseline. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lapray  were  bom  six 
children:  Alice,  wife  of  James  Newhouse, 
Stevens  county;  Edward,  in  Idaho;  George; 
Corinne,  living  with  her  mother;  Florence, 
married  to  Fred  Merchant,  of  Spokane;  and 
Joseph,  at  present  living  on  the  homestead  in 
Stevens  county. 

The  political  principles  of  Joseph  Lapray 
were  in  line  with  those  of  the  Republican  party. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Stevens 
county,  but  after  that  he  would  accept  no  other 
office.  He  was  a  devout  and  earnest  member 
of  the  Catholic  church.  His  bereaved  widow 
is  a  most  excellent  woman  and  highly  esteemed 
by  a  wide  circle  of  friends  who  recognize  in  her 
a  youthful  \'itality  and  elasticity  that  have  with- 
stood the  many  trials  to  which  she  has  been 
subjected. 


JOHN  W.  MAXWELL  is  to  be  numbered 
with  the  thrifty  and  skillful  agriculturists  of 
western  Stevens  county.  His  farm  lies  about 
one  mile  northeast  from  Daisy,  and  was  se- 
cured in  iSgi  by  homestead  right.  He  has  em- 
bellished his  present  place  with  \-aluable  im- 
provements and  is  now  devoting  his  entire  time 
to  producing  the  fruits  of  the  field. 

John  W.  Maxwell  was  born  on  February 
II,  1868  in  Huron  county,  Michigan,  the  son 
of  William  and  Aurilla'  (Dibble)  Maxwell, 
natives  of  Hastings  county,  Canada.  When 
our  subject  was  small  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  visit  their  native  place  whence  they  returned 
to  the  United  States  in  1879,  locating  in  Isa- 
bella county,  Michigan.  In  1890  the  family 
came  to  Spokane  where,  soon  after,  the  mother 
died.  Our  subject  engaged  in  farming  around 
Spokane  for  a  time,  having  taken  his  home- 
stead, as  stated,  in  1891.  He  spent  consider- 
able of  his  time  in  working  in  various  places. 
In  1895,  on  March  10,  Mr.  Maxwell  married 
Miss  Ida  Weget.  a  native  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  Oregon.  The  next  year  Mr.  Maxwell 
moved  his  wife  to  the  homestead  and  since 
then  this  has  been  their  home.  Mrs.  Maxwell's 
father,  Thomas  Weget,  was  a  native  of  New 
York  state  and  crossed  the  plains  in  1840  to 
the  Willamette  valley,  being  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  there.     In    1876  he  came  to  Spokane 


county,  \Vashington,  being  also  a  pioneer  in 
that  place.  Mrs.  Maxwell  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  T.  D.,  WiJber  P.,  Edward, 
Albert,  and  Mrs.  Eva  Hosington.  Mr.  Max- 
well has  brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows, 
William,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Stewart,  Margaret  J., 
Robert  J.,  Mrs.  Annie  Wood.  George  W.,  ]\Irs. 
Alice  Vest,  Clarence,  Earl,  and  Sarah.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maxwell  two  children  have  been 
born,  Ray  W.  and  Ruth  E.  The  home  place  is 
suplied  with  a  good  residence,  barns,  out- 
buildings, fences,  orchard,  and  so  forth,  while 
plenty  of  pure  spring  water  is  at  hand.  In 
addition  to  general  farming  Mr.  Maxwell 
raises  stock.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maxwell  are  both 
de\'out  members  of  the  Free  Methodist  church, 
while  his  father,  who  owns  eighty  acres  of  land 
adjoining  his  son's  place,  also  is  a  member  of 
the  same  denomination.  Mr.  ]\Iaxwell  and  his 
father,  who  is  now  in  his  sixty-seventh  year, 
are  both  active  for  the  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity and  especially  for  better  educational 
facilities. 


FRANCIS  M.  BROWN.  When  the 
clouds  of  fratricidal  life  were  lowering  and  the 
minions  of  treason  were  trampling  the  stars  and 
stripes  in  the  dust,  the  subject  of  this  article 
was  one  of  those  honorable  men  who  responded 
quickly  and  fought  bravely  until  the  banner 
was  retrieved  from  insult  and  the  last  gun  of 
rebellion  was  silenced  forever.  His  enlistment 
was  in  January,  1862.  at  lola,  Kansas,  in  Com- 
pany F,  Ninth  Kansas  Cavalry,  under  General 
Blunt.  His  discharge  occurred  in  January, 
1865.  During  the  time  of  service  he  fought 
in  many  of  the  leading  battles  of  Missouri  and 
Arkansas  as  Prairie  Grove,  Pea  Ridge.  Cain 
Hill,  Lutonia  and  Lone  Jack.  In  the  meantime 
he  was  almost  constantly  in  skirmishes  with 
the  bushwhackers.  This  character  of  service 
was  among  the  most  trying  and  disastrous  of 
the  entire  Rebellion.  On  many  occasions  Mr. 
Brown  was  in  the  utmost  danger  and  although 
his  clothing  was  pierced  frequently  by  bullets, 
he  never  received  a  wound.  He  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  takes  great  interest  in 
the  affairs  of  that  order. 

Francis  M.  Brown  was  born  on  February 
II,  1847,  in  Poke  county,  Illinois,  the  son  of 
George  and  Nancy  (Fry)  Brown,  natives  re- 
spectively of  North  Carolina  and  Ohio.     The 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


H3 


paternal  grandfather,  John  Brown,  was  one  of 
the  noble  patriots  of  the  Re\-ohition.  The  father 
died  in  1867  and  his  widow  in  1861,  At  the 
age  of  seven  our  subject  went  with  his  parents 
to  Jasper  county,  Missouri,  and  there  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  his  education.  After 
the  war,  lie  returned  to  Coffey  county,  Kansas 
and  there  in  August,  1865  he  married  Miss 
Lucy,  daugiiter  of  Joseph  and  Relefa  (Turner) 
McKee,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Germany  re- 
spectively. Mrs.  Brown  was  born  in  Jefiferson 
county,  Missouri  on  June  10,  1849.  Her  mother 
came  from  Germany  when  a  child  and  was 
reared  in  Kentucky.  In  1873,  our  subject  went 
to  Colorado,  locating  where  Leadville  is  now. 
Two  years  later  he  went  to  Boise,  Idaho  and 
did  mining  and  farming  until  1884  when  he 
settled  where  Arzina  postoffice  is  now  located. 
Soon  after  he  located  his  present  place  about 
one  mile  southwest  of  Rice  postofhce.  At 
that  time  the  country  was  wild  and  very  few 
whites  settlers  li\'ed  there.  Mr.  Brown  gave 
himself  up  to  building  a  home,  raising  stock 
and  g-eneral  farming  and  he  now  has  a  good 
farm,  well  improved.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown,  Nancy  R., 
wife  of  L,  F,  Ledgerwood  of  Harvey ;  John  R. ; 
Mary  E.,  wife  of  R.  S.  Ledgerwood  of  Kettle 
Falls  and  now  deceased.  Mr.  Brown  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  while  his  wife  be- 
longs to  the  Circle  of  the  W.  W.  and  the  Wo- 
man's Relief  Corps. 

Mr.  Brown  has  two  brothers,  George  W. 
and  William  H.,  who  enlisted  at  the  same  time 
and  place  as  our  subject  and  fought  through 
the  entire  war,  all  three  taking  their  honorable 
discharge  at  Duvall's  BlufT,  Arkansas,  when 
the  strugle  was  at  an  end.  They  were  mustered 
out  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  j\ir.  Brown  also 
had  three  sisters,  Louisa,  deceased,  Mrs. 
Llewellyn  Hurst  and  Mrs.  Amanda  C.  Losey. 


JOHN  H.  McGregor  resides  about  one 
mile  west  of  Arizona  postoffice  and  in  addition 
to  general  farming  carries  the  United  States 
mail  from  Harvey  to  Arzina.  Like  many  of 
the  settlers  of  Stevens  county,  he  has  come  here 
from  the  eastern  part  of  the  Lhiited  States,  and 
has  manifested  commendable  zeal  and  industry 
in  his  labors  to  build  up  this  country. 

John  H.  McGregor  was  born  on  November 
II,  1863  in  Winnebago  county,  Illinois,  the  son 


of  Neil  and  Jane  (Andrew)  McGregor,  natives 
of  Scotland  and  England  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents 
when  four  years  of  age  and  settlement  was 
made  in  Winnebago  county,  Wisconsin.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  but 
his  father  refused  to  let  him  go.  he  being  under 
age.  Later  the  father  of  our  subject  removed 
to  Winnebago  county,  Illinois  and  died  there 
in  1876.  The  mother  came  with  her  parents  to 
the  United  States  when  a  child  and  lived  in 
Winnebago  county  until  1867,  when  she  too 
passed  away.  They  were  the  parents  of  three 
children,  George  A,,  and  our  subject,  twins, 
and  Alexander  E.  The  other  two  brothers  are 
in  the  creamery  business  in  Rockford,  Illinois. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  began  to  do  for  himself.  He  followed 
various  occupations  until  he  had  arrived  at 
manhood's  estate  when  he  choose  farming  and 
occupied  himself  with  that. 

On  November  21,  1888,  Mr.  McGregor 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  A.,  daughter  of  George 
and  Emma  ( Ruffe)  Coulter  who  now  resides 
in  Stevens  county.  In  the  spring  of  1893  our 
subject  and  his  wife  came  to  Ste\ens  county  to 
join  Mr.  Coulter  who  had  been  here  some  time. 
He  took  his  present  place  and  since  then  has 
been  occupied  in  farming,  stock  raising  and  mail 
carrying.  He  now  owns  one  hundred  acres  of 
land,  having  sold  si.xty  acres.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGregor, 
Lena  M.,  Neil  G.,  Charies  A.  and  Arthur  A. 
Mr.  McGregor  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  of 
Rice,  while  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Circle  and 
Womans'  Relief  Corps.  They  stand  well  in 
the  community  and  have  the  confidence  of  all. 


JOHN  H.  MAGEE  is  operating  a  general 
merchandise  establishment  at  Harvey.  Owing 
to  his  skill  in  handling  the  goods  needed  in  this 
locality,  and  his  affable  and  kindly  ways,  to- 
gether with  strict  uprightness  in  dealing,  he  has 
won  a  good  patronage  from  the  surrounding 
country. 

John  H.  Magee  was  born  in  Harrisville, 
Butler  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  February  10, 
1863,  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Mary  A. 
(Lightner)  Magee,  also  natives  of  Butler 
county.  The  father  is  a  wagon  maker  and  for 
years  made  the  finest  wagons  turned  out  in  the 


244 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


country.  The  Alagee  wagons  became  famous 
all  over  the  eastern  country.  After  suffering 
from  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  he  died  at  his  old 
•  home  on  July  17,  1903.  being  about  eighty 
years  of  age.  The  mother  is  se\enty-one  years 
of  age  and  was  visiting  our  subject  some  three 
years  since.  She  had  two  brothers,  John,  who 
was  starved  to  death  in  Libby  prison  ;  Hezekiah, 
a  veteran  of  the  Ci\il  War.  Our  subject  is  one 
of  seven  children,  named  as  follows :  William 
F.,  Willis  R..  ;\lrs.  Jennie  ]\IcKinney,  Samuel 
L.,  John  H.,  who  is  our  subject,  Edward  B., 
and  James  B.  John  H.  attended  the  schools  of 
his  native  town  in  his  youth  and  also  served  a 
thorough  apprenticeship  in  the  blacksmith 
trade.  In  1882  he  came  to  Montana  and  the 
following  year  he  journeyed  on  to  the  Colum- 
bia valley.  He  located  adjoining  the  farm  of 
his  brother,  Samuel,  at  Daisy,  taking  a  home- 
stead. He  gave  his  attention  to  the  improve- 
ment of  his  farm,  to  stock  raising,  and  to  as- 
sisting his  brother  in  the  merchandise  business. 
In  the  spring  of  1902,  he  sold  his  holdings  at 
Daisy  and  the  following  year  came  to  Harvey 
and  bought  his  present  place.  He  owns  twen- 
ty-seven acres  of  land,  having  given  two  acres 
to  the  boat  company  for  a  landing.  The  store 
is  located  on  the  Kettle  Falls  stage  line  and  Mr. 
Magee  has  one  of  the  best  stocks  of  merchan- 
dise in  the  section.  He  has  a  choice  assortment 
of  dry  goods,  groceries,  tinware,  hardware, 
ready-made  clothing,  boots  and  shoes,  and  so 
forth,  and  so  forth.  He  is  a  member  of  the  T. 
O.  O.  F.  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
section. 

On  October  22,  1890,  Mr.  IMagee  married 
Miss  Bettie,  daughter  of  Warren  and  Catherine 
(Buey)  Castle,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Canada, 
respectively.  They  are  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  work.  Mrs.  I\Iagee  was  born  in  Ashta- 
bula, Ohio.  One  child  has  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Magee,  Charles  A.,  his  birth  being  on 
June  5,  1892.  Mrs.  Magee  is  postmistress  at 
Harvey  and  is  capable  and  efficient. 


JAMES  B.  CLINTON.  No  compilation 
of  the  work  in  hand  would  be  complete  with- 
out especial  mention  of  the  gentlemen  whose 
name  initiates  this  paragraph.  He  surely 
merits  the  approval  of  those  who  esteem  men 
who  have  done  things.     Being  a  man  of  ex- 


cellent wisdom  and  executive  ability,  he  has  put 
into  practical  execution  his  ideas  and  the  result 
is  that  he  is  now  not  only  one  of  the  most  highly 
esteemed  men  of  the  county  but  has  to  show  for 
his  labors  one  of  the  finest  orchards  and  home 
places  in  the  state  of  Washington.  James  B. 
Clinton  was  born  in  Jennings  county,  Indiana 
on  August  5,  1849,  '^lic  son  of  David  and  Jane 
(Butler)  Clinton,  natives  of  Indiana.  In  1851 
the  family  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to 
the  Rogue  river  country  and  were  very  success- 
ful in  their  affairs  in  that  country  in  financial 
lines.  Later  they  went  with  saddle  and  pack 
animals  over  to  Crescent  City,  thence  by 
steamer  to  San  Francisco,  Panama  and  New 
York,  and  then  on  to  Indiana.  The  parents  lived 
in  Indiana,  Illinois  and  finally  went  to  Vernon 
county,  Missouri  where  they  both  died.  Our 
subject  grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  in 
the  various  places  where  his  parents  lived,  com- 
pleting his  training  in  Alton  college,  Illinois. 
In  the  spring  of  1889  he  came  to  Spokane, 
Washington  and  soon  thereafter  was  installed 
as  manager  of  the  post  dairy  at  Fort  Spokane. 
He  continued  in  the  discharge  of  these  duties 
until  1883,  when,  after  due  exploration,  he  set- 
tled on  his  present  place,  two  miles  south  from 
Harvey.  He  bought  the  improvements  from 
some  Indians  and  took  the  land  by  squatter's 
right,  having  added  by  purchase  since  until  he 
owns  now  one-half  section.  The  estate  is  known 
as  the  River  Scene  Fruit  Farm  and  is  one  of 
the  finest  for  location  and  is  as  well  improved 
as  any  on  the  Columbia  river.  Mr.  Clinton  has 
an  excellent  modern  residence  of  twelve  rooms, 
well  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water,  ex- 
cellent baths  and  so  forth,  while  all  the  barns, 
outbuildings,  fruit  and  other  improvements  of 
his  estate  are  quite  in  keeping  with  the  tasty 
dwelling.  Every  detail  of  the  farm  manifests 
the  skill  and  wisdom  of  the  proprietor.  In  ad- 
dition to  raising  some  stock  and  doing  general 
farming.  Mr.  Clinton  devotes  himself  to  the 
culture  of  fruit.  He  has  sold  over  ten  thousand 
dollars  worth  in  the  last  few  years,  and  raises 
every  kind  that  is  adapted  to  this  latitude, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  pears,  peaches, 
plums,  apricots,  cherries,  apples,  nuts  and  so 
forth.  He  has  taken  several  premiums,  among 
them  first  prize  at  the  Kettle  Falls'  fair  which 
was  an  order  for  five  hundred  AVealthy  apple 
trees. 

It  adds  to  the  brilliancv  of  Mr.  Clinton's 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


245 


success  when  we  know  that  he  came  to  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country  with  very  limited  means. 
In  November.  1887,  Mr.  Clinton  married 
Miss  Mary  E,  daughter  of  Osner  and  Nancy 
Hall,  natives  of  Maine,  in  Bangor,  of  which 
state  also  Mrs.  Clinton  was  born.  Mr.  Hall 
came  with  his  family  to  California  in  an  early 
day.  then  traveled  north  and  did  mining  in 
British  Columbia.  He  and  his  brother  \ViIl- 
iam  were  discoverers  of  the  noted  Silver  King 
mine  which  afterward  sold  for  one  and  one- 
half  million  dollars.  He  now  lives  at  Col\-ille, 
Washington.  To  JNIr.  and  ]\Irs.  Clinton  se\-en 
children  ha\-e  been  born,  Lester,  Laurence, 
Beryl,  Howard,  Harold,  Ralph  and  De  Witt. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Clinton  has  always 
teen  active,  and  for  one  term  filled  the  office  of 
county  commissioner. 


GEORGE  W.  HARVEY,  from  whom 
Harvey  creek  is  named,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
travellers  in  this  northwest  country  and  a  de- 
tailed account  of  his  life  would  make  a  book 
of  great  interest.  We  are  pleased  to  have  the 
privilege  of  reciting  the  salient  points  in  his 
career,  since  it  is  well  known  to  all  that  he  is 
really  one  of  the  builders  of  this  county. 

George  W.  Har\-ey  was  born  in  Wood- 
stock, Carlton  county.  New  Brunswick,  on 
June  9,  183 1,  the  son  of  Joseph  G.  and  Emily 
(Ladd)  Harvey.  While  "he  first  saw  the  light 
on  English  soil,  his  ancestors  were  true  Amer- 
icans and  named  him  after  the  patriot,  George 
Washington.  The  parents  were  natives  of 
Maine,  and  tlie  paternal  grandfather  was  a 
patriot  in  the  Revolution.  At  the  advanced 
age  of  ninety-eight,  he  ascended  to  the  top  of 
the  Bunker  Hill  monument.  The  parents  are 
now  both  deceased,  having  lived  to  their  full 
four  score  years.  Mr.  Har\-ey  has  two  brothers 
and  one  sister.  Joseph,  for  forty  years  a  min- 
ister in  the  Baptist  church,  now  deceased; 
Charles,  in  Forest  City,  Maine;  Mrs.  Sarah 
Johnson,  deceased.  At  the  early  age  of  seven- 
teen, Mr.  Harvey  left  home  and  went  to  Chi- 
cago, then  a  small  place.  He  \\as  on  the  omni- 
bus line  there  for  some  time.  His  trip  over 
the  lakes  to  Chicago  was  attended  with  great 
danger  on  account  of  severe  storms.  Later  we 
see  him  on  the  Mississippi  and  after  a  siege  of 
the  vellow  fever  in  New  Orleans,  he  retired  to 


St.  Louis.  Thence  he  came  to  St.  Joseph  and 
fell  in  with  an  emigrant  train  with  which  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Amador  county,  Califor- 
nia and  engaged  in  mining.  As  a  young  man 
he  had  become  familiar  with  civil  engineering 
and  so. took  up  this  occupation  there.  After 
laying  several  canals,  as  the  Butte  and  others, 
he  came  in  1858  by  steamer  to  Whatcom  and 
thence  to  the  Eraser  river  region.  He  made 
the  first  surveys  for  the  commissioners  and  then 
went  on  to  the  Cariboo  regions,  making  the 
first  locations  on  what  is  now  Harvey  creek 
from  his  name.  After  this  Mr.  Harvey  re- 
turned to  California  and  in  1866  went  again  up 
the  Eraser  river  and  crossed  the  range  into  the 
valley  of  the  Columbia.  They  whip  sawed 
lumber  and  built  crafts  for  the  river  and  lakes. 
After  cruising  on  the  different  lakes  they  came 
to  what  is  now  the  popular  gold  region  of  the 
Lardo,  and  Mr.  Harvey  and  his  associates  had 
the  distinction  of  giving  the  section  this  name. 
Later  they  descended  the  Columbia  to  Marcus, 
arriving  there  in  1866.  He  followed  mining 
for  a  time  and  then  took  a  position  in  Charles 
Montgomery's  store  in  Colville.  Two  years 
later  he  returned  to  California.  In  1869,  we 
find  Mr.  Harvey  handling  a  force  of  two  hun- 
dred men  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  and  in  1870, 
he  brought  his  family  from  California  to  Col- 
ville. The  tireless  energy  and  resourcefulness 
of  the  man  is  seen  plainly  in  all  these  journeys 
and  labors.  In  1874,  the  family  went  back  to 
California  and  at  the  building  of  Fort  Spokane, 
Mr.  Harvey  was  engaged  there.  Later  he  was 
a  store  keeper  there  and  in  1880,  he  purchased 
from  an  Indian,  the  right  to  his  present  place, 
at  Harvey.  The  postoffice  was  named  after 
him  and  his  wife  was  the  first  postmistress, 
serving  ten  years.  The  office  was  opened  in 
1884.  His  family  came  on  soon  after  locating 
his  present  place.  In  addition  to  this  farm, 
Mr.  Harvey  owns  another  in  the  valley  and 
l:oth  are  well  improved  and  skillfully  handled. 
In  addition  to  general  crops  and  handling  stock, 
he  markets  much  fruit  each  year.  His  was  the 
first  orchard  in  these  regions  and  Mr.  Harvey 
has  done  much  in  manj'^  ways  to  open  the  coun- 
try and  to  stimulate  his  fellows  to  good  labor 
in  these  lines.  In  1892,  he  was  chosen  county 
assessor  on  the  Republican  ticket  and  he  has 
always  been  active  in  all  that  was  for  tlie  ad- 
vancement of  the  community. 

On  February  23.  1848.  in  Herman,  Maine, 


246 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mary  R.  Budge  was  born  and  she  later  became 
the  wife  of  Air.  Harvey.  Her  parents,  Samuel 
M.  and  Hannah  M.  (Webber)  Budge  were  na- 
tives of  Alaine  and  came  from  prominent  fam- 
ilies. The  father  was  a  millwright  and  a  sailor. 
In  1853,  he  died  on  board  ship  and  was  buried 
on  the  isthmus  while  en  route  to  California. 
The  mother  is  now  living  in  Sacramento,  Cali- 
fornia, having  come  hither  in  1854.  Three 
children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Budge, 
Samuel  N.,  Charles  E.,  and  Mrs.  Harvey. 
I\Irs.  Harvey  was  educated  in  Bangor,  Maine 
and  in  California  and  was  married  on  October 
19,  1864.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harvey,  Dimsdill  P.,  married  to 
Miss  Emma  Higginbotham,  of  Harvey;  Lew- 
elma  R. :  Maytie  B.  Mrs.  Harvey's  grandfath- 
ers. Samuel  N.  Budge  and  Eleazer  Webber, 
both  served  faithfully  in  the  Revolution.  Air. 
and  Mrs.  Har\-ey  are  counted  among  the  most 
substantial  and  highly  respected  citizens  of  the 
county  and  have  won,  by  their  uprightness, 
kindness,  and  wisdom,  hosts  of  friends  from  all 
classes. 


HENRY  A.  GRAHAM  is  justly  classed 
as  one  of  the  builders  of  Stevens  countv.  He 
has  labored  enthusiastically  and  wisely  since 
coming  here  both  in  improving  his  nwn  farm 
and  estate  and  by  building  up  the  country.  The 
result  is  that  he  is  one  of  the  highly  respected 
men  of  the  community  and  has  received  his 
proper  meed  for  his  labors  as  is  evidenced  by 
his  large  property  holdings. 

Henry  A.  Graham  was  born  in  West 
Hawkesbury,  Ontario,  on  August  25,  1862,  the 
son  of  John  and  Jane  (McKinzy  )  Graham,  na- 
tives of  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  and  of  Irish 
and  Scotch  ancestry  respectively.  The  parents 
came  to  Canada  soon  after  their  marriage  and 
settled  down  in  West  Hawkesbury.  They  are 
still  living  in  Canada,  hale  and  hearty,  the 
father  aged  eighty-three  and  the  mother  eighty- 
two.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children, 
one  of  whom  is  deceased  and  one,  our  subject, 
is  living  in  the  west.  The  other  nine  are 
dwelling  near  their  parents  in  Ontario.  They 
are  named  as  follows :  Samuel.  \\  ho  took  Miss 
Ellen  Jackson  as  his  wife;  Robert,  married  to 
Grace  Steel;  Rowland  W.,  whose  wife  was 
Miss  Kate  Smith;  Henry  A.,  the  subject  of 
this  article:  Joseph  E..  married  to  Aliss  Alice 


Bancroft:  :Benjamin  T. ;  Oliver  J.,  married  to 
Miss  Grace  B.  C.  Barton:  Nancy  D.,  wife  of 
Thomas  White;  Isabella  D.,  wife  of  Levi  Ban- 
croft; Ellen  J.,  wife  of  Thomas  Wherry. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  there  grew  up.  When 
fourteen  he  began  working  on  the  ri\er  in 
lower  Canada  and  there  earned  sufficient  money 
to  pay  his  fare  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  was 
employed  in  the  lumber  woods  by  one  firm  for 
five  years.  For  one  year  of  this  time  he  was 
foreman  and  then  came  to  Eau  Claire,  Wiscon- 
sin and  did  lumbering  in  various  sections. 
Later  he  was  one  who  assisted  to  chase  the  In- 
dian chief  Big  Bear  until  he  surrendered.  After 
this  he  was  employed  on  the  construction  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  to  the  summit  of  the 
Rockies,  whence  he  walked  seventy-fi\-e  miles 
to  Revel  stoke  then  came  by  boat  down  the 
Columbia  to  the  Little  Dalles,  whence  he  staged 
to  California.  This  was  in  1884.  In  the  same 
year  he  carried  his  blankets  over  various  sec- 
tions of  Stevens  county  until  he  came  to  his 
present  location,  which  was  occupied  by  a  half 
breed.  He  bought  the  man's  right  to  squat  on 
the  land.  As  soon  as  surveyed  he  homesteaded 
it  and  since  has  given  his  entire  attention  to  the 
management  of  the  same,  although  he  has 
taken  trips  to  various  parts  of  the  country. 
Nine  years  ago  Mr.  Graham  returned  to  On- 
tario and  visited  his  aged  parents  and  other 
relatives.  After  renewing  old  acquaintances 
and  visiting  the  scenes  of  his  childhood  he 
again  bade  farewell  to  all  and  turned  his  face 
to  his  western  home.  He  has  an  excellent  es- 
tate here  and  besides  doing  general  farming, 
raises  stock.  Mr.  Graham  belongs  to  the  order 
of  jolly  bachelors  and  has  never  been  enticed 
by  the  charms  of  matrimonial  life  to  consider 
seriously  the  question  of  desertion. 


ADELBERT  B.  SYKES,  one  of  the  pros- 
perous and  progressive  stock  raisers  and  farm- 
ers of  Stevens  county,  resides  about  two  miles 
east  of  Harvey  postoffice.  He  was  born  on 
April  7,  187 1,  the  son  of  Gustavus  A\".  and 
Hattie  AI.  Sykes.  His  native  place  is  Dodge 
county,  Alinnesota,  whence  the  family  moved 
to  Lyons  county,  Minnesota,  while  he  was  an 
infant.  Then  he  grew  up  and  recei\-ed  a  good 
practical     education,     also     studied     some    in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


247 


Spokane,  to  which  place  the  family  moved  in 
1 885.  Soon  after,  they  settled  near  where  Mr. 
Sykes  now  hves  and  he  soon  hegan  work  for 
himself.  He  was  first  occupied  in  freighting  to 
Marcus,  Grand  Forks,  Greenwood,  Republic 
and  so  forth,  then  did  lumbering  also.  Mr. 
Sykes  rafted  considerable  on  the  Columbia 
river  and  on  one  occasion  he  went  from  Harvey 
to  Hellgate  in  high  water  on  a  large  raft  in 
seven  hours,  a  distance  of  seventy-five  miles. 
On  February  28,  1899,  Mr.  Sykes  married 
Miss  Hattie  M.,  daughter  of  Warren  W.  and 
Katherine  Castle,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Canada, 
respecti\-ely.  ]\Irs.  Sykes  was  born  in  Ashta- 
bula, Ohio,  on  April  20,  1880.  Her  father  was 
a  skilled  physician,  but  after  an  attack  of  the 
scarlet  fever  was  left  deaf,  being  thus  unable 
to  follow  his  profession.  The  family  came  to 
Spokane  in  the  spring  of  1886,  and  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  located  near  Harvey.  The  father 
engaged  in  farming  there  until  his  death,  on 
May  7,  1901,  which  was  caused  by  a  runaway 
team,  he  being  then  in  his  seventy-sixth  year. 
Mrs.  Castle  is  now  operating  a  hotel  in  Meyers 
Ralls.  Mrs.  Sykes  has  two  brothers,  Augustus 
and  Carlos  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Frances  McGee. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sykes  one  child,  Archibald 
A.,  has  been  born.  In  1898  Mr.  Sykes  bought 
his  present  place,  which  is  a  well  improved 
farm  and  produces  annually  bounteous  crops 
of  the  cereals,  fruits,  vegetables,  hay  and  so 
forth.  He  also  raises  cattle  and  hogs.  They 
have  good  buildings  and  a  beautiful  stream  of 
living  water  crosses  their  yard.  Mr.  Sykes  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  well  respected  men  of  the  com- 
munity. 


GUSTAVUS  W.  SYKES.  In  the  trying 
times  of  the  'sixties,  men's  hearts  and  principles 
were  told  out  most  plainly  to  the  onlooking 
world  by  their  actions  regarding  the  question 
of  whether  the  attacks  of  treason  should  suc- 
ceed in  trampling  the  banner  in  the  dust  that 
had  headed  the  cause  of  freedom,  or  whether 
those  minions  should  be  repelled  as  is  always 
fitting  to  the  marauders  of  good  government 
and  stable  principles.  Among  the  number  who 
gave  their  efforts,  and  their  lives,  if  need  be, 
to  the  v.orthy  cause,  we  are  pleased  to  mention 
the  subject  of  this  article.  On  September  25, 
]86i,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  First  Wiscon- 


sin Ca\-alry  and  was  soon  sent  to  St.  Louis,  and 
was  engaged  in  chasing  bushwhackers  in  Mis- 
souri. In  1863  he  was  transferred  to  the  Army 
uf  the  Cumberland  and  participated  from  that 
time  forward  in  all  the  battles  of  that  portion  of 
the  army  and  did  ser\-ice  worthy  the  patriot  he 
showed  himself  to  be.  He  was  wounded  on 
different  occasions  and  at  the  capture  of  Jeff' 
Davis,  his  right  arm  was  broken.  On  account 
of  this  he  was  sent  to  the  hospital  at  Macon, 
Georgia,  where  he  languished  from  May  10, 
1865,  to  September  of  the  same  year.  Then 
he  was  transferred  to  Madison,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  received  his  honorable  discharge.  Mr. 
Sykes  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and 
has  been  commander  of  the  post  at  different 
times  and  is  at  present  enjoying  from  the  hands 
of  his  comrades  that  pleasant  distinction. 

Gustavus  W.  Sykes  was  born  in  Niagara 
county.  New  York,  on  August  16,  1842,  the 
son  of  William  and  Hulda  (Thayer)  Sykes, 
also  natives  of  New  York.  The  mother  died 
when  our  subject  was  an  infant  and  the  father 
enlisted  to  fight  for  the  union  at  the  time  of  the 
Rebellion.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Spottsylvania,  a  ball  piercing  his  ankle.  After 
amputation,  erysipelas  set  in  and  he  soon  died. 
Gustavus  was  reared  with  his  relatives  and  at 
the  early  age  of  ten  started  out  for  himself. 
Following  the  war  he  returned  to  Greenlake 
county,  Wisconsin  and  for  two  years  resided 
with  his  sister,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Bishop,  being 
unable  to  do  much  on  account  of  his  arm.  That 
member  gives  him  trouble  to  this  day. 

On  September  12,  1869,  Mr.  Sykes  married 
Miss  Hattie,  daughter  of  John  and  Mahesabel 
Childs.  In  1871,  they  migrated  to  Minnesota, 
settling  in  Dodge  county  and  there  abode,  oc- 
cupied in  farming  until  1885,  when  they  sold 
and  came  to  their  present  home.  Mr.  Sykes 
took  his  place  as  a  pre-emption  and  now  has  a 
good  farm,  productive  of  excellent  crops  and 
provided  with  fine  improvements,  as  residence, 
barns,  fences,  and  so  forth.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Sykes,  five  children  were  born ;  Maud,  wife  of 
Oscar  Pang-burn,  in  Minnesota ;  Adelbert,  liv- 
ing near  Rice;  Claude  W.,  in  Okanogan 
county;  Edith,  wife  of  Charles  Haney;  Ethel 
V.  Mr.  Sykes  came  to  thig  country  to  benefit 
his  wife's  health,  and  after  coming  she  was 
recovered  some,  but  on  September  17,  1902, 
she  was  called  to  pass  the  ri\-er  of  death. 
She  had  been  secretary  of  the  Relief  Corps  for 


248 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


seven  years  and  was  president  for  one  term. 
Mr.  Sykes  has  always  taken  a  great  interest  in 
educational  affairs  and  was  the  prime  mover 
to  get  the  first  school  started  in  this  new 
countrv. 


GEORGE  COULTER  resides  two  miles 
east  from  Rice  on  a  farm  which  he  secured  as 
a  homestead  in  1891.  The  place  is  well  im- 
proved and  produces  abundant  crops  of  all  vari- 
eties, while  good  orchards  with  other  improve- 
ments, as  comfortable  residence,  barns,  out- 
buildings and  so  forth,  are  in  evidence.  George 
Coulter  was  born  in  the  northern  part  of  Ire- 
land, on  February  13,  1832,  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Elizabeth  (McVeaty)  Coulter,  also  natives 
of  the  same  section.  In  1834,  they  all  came 
from  their  home  place  and  landed  in  New 
York.  Later  they  came  on  to  Stark  county, 
Ohio  and  in  the  fall  of  1837,  they  made  their 
way  to  where  Rockford,  Illinois  now  stands. 
A  few  small  houses  marked  the  place  then 
and  the  Winnebagos  were  plentiful  as  were 
also  deer,  elk,  wild  turkeys  with  some  bear. 
Amid  these  surroundings,  our  subject  grew 
up,  securing  his  education  in  the  primi- 
tive log  cabin  school  house  of  the  day. 
The  little  structure,  floored  with  the 
puncheons  hewed  by  sturdy  hands,  warmed 
by  the  gaping  fireplace  occupying  one 
end,  and  ruled  over  by  the  master  of  the  day  is 
the  scene  of  tlie  early  mental  struggles  of  Mr. 
Coulter.  Such  institutions  may  not  have  grad- 
uated sec  sleek  products  as  some  to-day,  but 
they  were  no  less  sound  than  the  best  now  in 
evidence.  The  progressive  Irish  blood  told  in 
the  young  man  and  soon  he  was  ready  for  the 
sterner  duties  of  life.  He  assisted  his  father 
in  clearing  the  farm  from  the  stubborn  oaks 
and  there  the  parents  remained  until  the  sum- 
mons came  for  their  departure  to  the  land  be- 
yond. The  father  passed  over  in  his  sixty-fifth 
year  and  the  mother  when  she  was  eighty-three. 
In  1859,  George  went  to  northeastern  Kansas 
and  at  the  first  call  for  troops  he  was  one  of  the 
first  to  offer  his  services.  On  account  of  hav- 
ing a  crippled  hand  from  an  unlucky  shot  while 
hunting,  he  was  rejected,  but  at  the  second  call 
in  1862,  he  again  pressed  forward  and  was 
taken.  He  was  in  Company  H,  Second  Kan- 
sas Cavalry  and  his  principal  service  was  in 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  and  the  Cherokee  Nation. 


He  \\as  in  almost  constant  skirmishing  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  battle  of  Perry  Grove  where 
the  rebels  outnumbered  them  four  to  one.  He 
saw  many  killed  at  his  side,  at  various  times 
bullets  pierced  his  clothes,  and  he  was  in  ter- 
ribly dangerous  positions,  but  he  never  re- 
ceived a  wound.  On  September  i.  1864.  at 
Fort  Smith,  the  Choctaw  Indians  captured  Mr. 
Coulter  and  he  was  forced  to  go  on  foot,  being 
barefooted,  to  Tyler,  Texas,  where^  he  experi- 
enced the  terrors  of  a  war  prison  until  June  27, 
1865.  Finally  an  exchange  was  effected,  when 
he  was  taken  to  New  Orleans  and  later  to 
Leavenworth  ^\•here  he  was  honorabh^  dis- 
charged in  September,  1865.  Mr.  Coulter  was 
on  scout  duty  much  of  the  time.  After  the 
war,  he  went  to  Illinois,  but  was  forced  to 
travel  in  search  of  health.  He  located  at 
Georgetown,  Colorado,  did  mining  and  later 
retufned  to  Illinois.  SoOn  after  that  Mr.  Coul- 
ter went  across  the  plains  with  Mr.  John  Roffe 
and  family.  He  returned  to  Illinois  and  on 
November  26,  1868  maried  Miss  Emma  Roft'e, 
who  was  born  in  1842,  in  Nortliamptonshire, 
England.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  the 
same  place.  Her  mother  was  a  Miss  Ann 
Woods  before  her  marriage.  The  Roffes  came 
to  the  L^nited  States  wdien  Mrs.  Coulter  was 
eleven  and  lived  in  Albany.  New  York,  later  in 
Rockford,  Illinois,  and  after  that  the  parents 
went  back  to  England  where  the  father  died. 
The  widow  came  to  Illinois  where  she  re- 
mained until  her  demise.  Our  subject  farmed 
in  Illinois  until  1891,  when  he  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place,  locating  two  miles  east  from  Rice 
on  March  14,  of  that  year.  His  farm  is  one  of 
the  pleasant  places  in  that  vicinity  and  is  made 
valuable  by  his  careful  attention  to  it.  Mr. 
Coulter  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  to 
him  and  his  wife  four  children  were  born  in 
Illinois,  Elizabeth  A.,  wife  of  H.  McGregor; 
John  R.,  married  to  Ida  Howard;  James, 
Charles,  all  living  near  Rice.  Mr.  Coulter 
was  a  great  disciple  of  Nimrod  in  younger  days 
and  many  an  elk,  deer,  l>ear.  mountain  lion, 
and  mountain  sheep,  besides  much  other  game 
were  the  trophies  of  his  chase. 


BENJAMIN  F.  SH.ANNON  is  properly 
classed  as  one  of  the  earliest  pioneer  settlers  in 
western  Stevens  county.    His  present  place,  lo- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


249 


cated  just  north  of  Arzina,  was  taken  as  a 
homestead  in  1887.  Few  settlers  were  in  this 
vicinity  and  the  hardships  of  opening  a  new 
place  in  an  almost  unbroken  country  fell  to  the 
lot  of  Mr.  Shannon.  He  was  fitted  for  the 
task,  however,  having  an  indomitable  will  and 
plenty  of  pluck  to  carry  out  his  purposes.  He 
at  once  set  to  work  to  make  a  home  and  from 
that  time  to  this,  Mr.  Shannon  has  been  known 
as  one  of  the  industrious  and  upright  men  of 
the  county.  He  was  appointed  by  the  govern- 
luent  as  clerk  of  the  board  of  county  commis- 
sioners in  Wilson  county,  Kansas,  when  the 
county  was  first  formed.  He  has  been  prom- 
inent in  all  measures  for  the  upbuilding  and 
forwarding  of  the  county's  interests.  The  farm 
is  good  land,  which  is  well  improved,  while  a 
commodious  residence,  barns,  fences  and  out- 
buildings have  been  added  from  time  to  time  to 
make  it  valuable.  Mr.  Shannon  devotes  his 
energies  to  raising  stock  and  doing  general 
farming,  while  also  he  handles  some  fine  or- 
chards, raising  every  variety  in  this  line  that  is 
produced  in  the  state. 

Benjamin  F.  Shannon  was  born  in  West- 
moreland county,  Pennsylvania,  on  April  4, 
1837,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Shannon,  na- 
tives also  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  served 
in  the  war  of  181 2  and  his  father  was  a  patriot 
in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  grew  to  ije 
eighteen  in  his  native  place  and  studied  in  the 
schools  there  until  that  time.  Then  he  mi- 
grated to  Columbus,  Ohio,  later  to  Indiana  and 
thence  to  Fayette  county,  Illinois.  There  he 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Sixty-eighth  Illinois 
Infantry,  in  the  spring  of  1862.  He  was  under 
General  Sherman  for  four  months  and  then  re- 
ceived his  discharge  on  account  of  disability. 
In  1864  Mr.  Shannon  enlisted  in  the  Kansas 
Rangers  and  served  two  years,  suffering,  dur- 
ing this  time,  great  hardships.  After  this  he 
settled  on  the  Verdigris  river  in  Kansas,  being 
one  of  the  first  there.  He  had  to  haul  all  sup- 
plies forty  miles  and  much  hardship  had  to  be 
encountered. 

On  December  18.  1864,  Mr.  Shannon  mar- 
ried Miss  Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Sarah  (Harris)  Craig,  this  being  the  first 
wedding  in  ^^'ilson  county,  Kansas.  Later 
they  went  to  Elk  county,  then  to  Ness  county, 
after  which  they  journeyed  to  Pueblo,  Colorado. 
After  freighting  there  until  1883.  they  came 
to  the  Grande  Ronde,  in  Oregon,  whence  thev 


came  o\erland  to  Walla  Walla.  After  this 
some  time  was  spent  near  Palouse  and  in  1887 
they  settled  on  their  present  place.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shannon  have  one  son,  Edwin  F.,  post- 
master at  Arzina,  who  married  Miss  Sarah 
Painter.  Four  children  were  born  to  this 
union,  Charles  E.,  Nora  E.,  Jesse  F.,  Frances 
E.     Mr.  Shannon  belongs  to  the  G.  A.  R. 

By  way  of  reminiscence,  it  is  interesting  to 
note  the  experiences  of  Mr.  Shannon  when 
with  the  Kansas  Rangers.  \^'hile  lieutenant, 
he  was  captured  with  sixteen  others  and  thrown 
into  the  rebel  prison  pen  at  Boggy  Deep  Hole, 
in  the  Indian  Territory.  After  seven  weeks  of 
this  almost  unendurable  imprisonment,  they 
were  enabled  to  escape  with  the  assistance  of 
a  rebel  lieutenant,  who  deserted  the  ranks  of 
the  confederates  and  came  back  to  fight  for  the 
stars  and  stripes. 


GEORGE  CAMPBELL  is  one  of  the  in- 
dustrious men,  whose  labors  and  careful  man- 
agement of  the  resources  of  this  country  since 
coming  here  have  made  for  him  a  good  com- 
petence for  the  balance  of  his  career  in  this  ma- 
terial world.  He  located  about  nine  miles 
southeast  from  Kettle  Falls,  securing  a  quarter 
section  by  purchase,  to  which  he  added  a  forty 
of  school  land.  His  labors  have  been  wisely 
bestowed  here  since  coming  and  he  is  now  the 
possessor  of  one  of  the  fine  estates  of  this  part 
of  the  county.  He  has  good  buildings,  plenty  of 
excellent  spring  water  piped  to  them,  first-class 
land,  which  is  well  improved  and  he  raises  gen- 
eral crops  and  handles  stock. 

George  Campbell  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, Canada,  on  April  27,  1852,  the  son  of 
John  B.  and  Isabel  (Somervil)  Campbell,  na- 
tives of  New  Brunswick  and  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, respectively.  They  still  live  in  Canada. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place 
and  in  1866  came  to  Detroit,  Michigan  where 
he  wrought  for  two  years.  Then  he  journeyed 
to  Polk  county,  Minnesota  where  he  farmed 
for  the  intervening  time  until  1882,  when  he 
came  to  the  Palouse  country  settling  near 
Palouse  city.  Saw  milling,  lumbering,  and  log 
driving  occupied  him  there  until  the  spring  of 
1892,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place  and 
commenced  the  good  work  of  improvement  as 
has  already  been  stated.     Mr.  Campliell  devotes 


250 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


liimself  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock, 
while  his  fa\-orabIe  location  for  out  range  gives 
him  every  opportunity  for  success  in  this  latter 
line,  which  he  is  richly  reaiiing. 

On  December  20,  1891,  Mr.  Campbell  mar- 
ried Mrs.  M,  E.  Summers,  iicc  Kimberlain,  the 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Delilah  (Harper)  Kim- 
berlain, natives  (if  Missouri  and  still  living  in 
Crawford  cnunty.  that  state.  Mrs.  Campbell 
was  born  in  Misscuri,  on  November  26,  1S53. 
She  was  formerly  married  to  George  Summers 
and  they  came  to  the  Palouse  country  in  1879, 
where  ]\Ir.  Summers  died,  leaving  four  chil- 
dren :  Charles,  of  Davenport;  Mrs.  Julia  Ann 
Breeding,  of  Palouse:  Frederick  E.,  of  Palouse: 
Willis.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Campbell  has  been 
born  one  son,  Roy  S.  They  are  highly  re- 
spected citizens  and  have  won  hosts  of  friends 
by  their  geniality  and  uprightness. 


JAMES  HUGHES.  Some  of  the  most 
prosperous  men  of  the  west  have  come  to  this 
region  without  means  and  have  gained  their 
present  holdings  by  their  onwn  ability  and  in- 
dustry. Among  this  worthy  class,  we  wish  to 
mention  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  has 
shown  hi^  ability  in  the  financial  world  as  well 
as  his  substantiality  and  uprightness  by  his 
labors  and  dealings  since  coming-  to  this  coun- 
try. He  resides  about  three  miles  west  from 
Harvey  and  has  a  generous  estate  of  nearly 
five  hundred  acres  of  fertile  land.  He  located 
here  in  1888,  and  took  a  pre-emption.  By 
purchase  he  has  added  to  it  until  he  gained  his 
present  holdings  of  about  five  hundred  acres. 
While  various  things  have  occupied  his  atten- 
tion during  these  years,  he  has  been  mostly  en- 
gaged in  general  farming  and  raising  stock 
which  related  occupations  he  is  following  now. 

James  Hughes  w^as  born  on  July  9,  1850, 
in  Ontario,  Canada,  the  son  of  Patrick  and 
Christina  Hughes,  natives  of  Ireland  and  Scot- 
land, respectively,  and  who  are  named  else- 
where in  this  work.  He  received  a  good  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  Ontario  and  in 
1872  came  to  Manistee,  Michigan,  where  he 
engaged  in  lumbering  for  eleven  years  and  then 
removed  to  Andover,  South  Dakota,  and  there 
took  up  wheat  raising.  He  was  one  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  this  section  and  held  various  ofiices. 
In   1888,  not  meeting  with  financial  success  in 


Dakota  he  came  Spokane.  One  }ear  was  spent 
in  Lincoln  county,  then  he  located  as  stated 
abox'e,  and  has  won  a  good  success  from  Dame 
Fortune. 

On  July  4,  1892,  Air.  Hughes  married  Mrs. 
.\bbie  Ebbert,  jicc  Ellsworth.  Mrs.  •  Hughes 
came  here  in  1888.  The  home  farm  has  two 
good  orchards  and  is  supplied  with  plenty  of 
first  class  improvements.  Mr.  Hughes  raises 
cattle  mostly,  but  also  has  some  very  fine  thor- 
oughbred Poland  China  hogs.  Fraternally  he 
is  aiWiated  with  the  Odd  Fellows  and  at  pres- 
ent is  Noble  Grand  of  his  lodge. 


HEXRY  HUGHES  settled  where  he  now 
lives,  nine  miles  south  from  Kettle  Falls  in 
1 89 1.  He  took  the  place  as  a  homestead  and 
since  that  time  has  devoted  himself  entirely  to 
de\eloping  and  improving  the  estate.  He  has 
thre  acres  of  bearing  orchard,  good  fences, 
barns,  and  so  forth,  and  does  general  farming 
and  stock  raising.  Air.  Hughes  has  pure 
spring  water  piped  into  his  house  and  barns 
and  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  spring  is  over 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  higher  than  his 
buildings  it  has  excellent  force.  He  came  to 
this  country  with  no  cash  capital  and  his  pres- 
ent holdings  indicate  a  very  prosperous  condi- 
tion financially,  wliich  has  been  brought  about 
by  his  industry  and  wise  management. 

He4n-y  Hughes  was  born  near  Guelph, 
Ontario  on  November  4,  1861,  the  son  of 
Patrick  and  Christina  Hughes,  natives  of  Ire- 
land and  Scotland,  respectively.  The  father 
died  years  since  in  Canada.  The  mother  is  now 
an  invalid,  living  in  Tacoma  and  is  in  her 
eighty-eighth  year.  When  si.x  years  of  age, 
she  accompanied  her  parents  who  went  with  a 
colony  to  South  America.  Owing  to  the  hos- 
tilities of  the  natives,  they  removed  in  two  years 
to  New  York.  Mr.  Hughes  has  three  brothers, 
John  S.,  James  and  Christopher,  also  three  sis- 
ters, Mrs.  Maggie  Tabor,  Mrs.  .\nnie  Tabor 
and  Mrs.  Jenet  Truckey.  The  oldest  brother 
started  west  in  1876,  but  was  detained  at  Bis- 
marck, North  Dakota,  by  General  Custer  on 
account  of  the  number  of  Sioux  Indians.  He 
spent  the  time  profitably  in  killing  elk  and  deer, 
and  selling  the  same  to  the  soldiers  at  the  post. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Canada,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


came  with  his  mother  to  Manistee,  wiiere  lie 
engaged  in  himbering  for  eight  years.  Then 
he  moved  to  South  Dakota  wliere  lie  did  farm- 
ing until  i8qi,  in  which  year  lie  came  to  liis 
present  place  as  lias  been  stated. 

On  January  5,  1887  Mr.  Huglies  married 
Miss  ;\Iartlia  A.,  daughter  of  James  L.  and 
Clarissa  Smith,  natives  of  Canada.  They  now 
dwell  near  Andover,  South  Dakota.  INlrs. 
Hughes  was  born  in  Wabasha  county,  Minne- 
sota. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hughes  three  children 
have  been  born :  Manly,  Russell  and  Harry. 
Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  known  as  inus- 
trious  and  thrifty  people,  having  manifested 
this  in  all  their  walk  during  their  years  of  resi- 
dence here. 


WILLIAM  L.  ALLDREDGE  was  born  on 
April  20,  1864,  near  Huntsville,  Alabama,  the 
son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Byrd)  Alldredge, 
natives  of  Alabama.  The  father  died  in  1867, 
and  the  mother  wdien  our  subject  was  but  si.x 
years  old.  The  mother's  father,  William  Byrd, 
was  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  church  and 
died  while  in  confetlerate  service.  William  L. 
had  one  brother,  James  F.,  who  was  killed  by 
a  blast  in  the  .^cme  mine,  on  June  27,,  190 1. 
When  our  subject  was  seven  years  of  age,  he 
went  with  his  grandmother  Byrd  to  Minne- 
sota, and  three  years  later  came  with  her  to 
Clarksville,  Arkansas.  In  June,  1882,  accom- 
panied by  his  brother  he  and  his  grandmother 
went  to  Boulder,  Colorado,  where  they  pros- 
pected and  mined  as  they  did  also  in  all  the  lead- 
ing camps  in  that  state.  In  1 888  we  find  them 
in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  where  he  did  mining 
and  also  worked  in  the  smelter.  While  in  Utah, 
Mr.  Alldredge  married  ^liss  Julia  Dawson,  the 
wedding  occurring  on  April  11,  1889.  Mrs. 
Alldredge  was  born  at  Lehi,  Utah  county,  Utah 
on  .\ugust  6,  1873.  Her  father  William  Daw- 
son was  born  in  England  and  came  with  his 
parents  to  Canada  when  a  small  child.  .-Vt  the 
age  of  si.xteen  he  journe}'ed  to  Missouri  and 
soon  thereafter  came  to  Utah  county,  Iieing 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  that  section.  Dur- 
ing those  early  days  many  hardships  were  ex- 
perienced by  the  pioneers  and  they  had  much 
fighting  to  do  to  repel  the  savages.  At  the  age 
of  eighty-four,  in  1893,  ]\lr.  Dawson  passed 
away,  having  lived  a  gcind  lionorable  life.  He 
had  married  Lucy  M.  Siuith,  a  native  of  Green 


county,  Illinois  who  came  across  the  plains  in 
1850  settling  where  Lehi  is  now  located.  She 
was  the  first  white  woman  in  that  section  and 
the  mother  of  the  first  white  child  born  there. 
Mrs.  Alldredge  is  the  youngest  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, and  her  mother,  who  died  in  1891,  had 
spent  many  years  as  a  trained  nurse  in  Lehi. 
In  1 89 1  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alldredge  came  to 
Stevens  county  and  located  their  present  place, 
eight  miles  south  from  Kettle  Falls.  They  have 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  well  improved 
and  well  watered.  The  place  is  especially 
adapted  for  fruit  raising  and  Mr.  .\lldredge 
has  a  tweh'e  acre  orchard.  He  does  general 
farming  and  raises  stock.  They  are  highly  re- 
spected citizens  and  are  well  known.  Fi\'e  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them,  Ward,  John  H., 
Jesse,  Bessie,  and  James  F.  Mr.  Alldredge's 
house  is  supplied  with  telephone  service  and 
thev  have  a  beautiful  home. 


ABRAHA^I  HEIDEGGER.  It  is  the 
rule  that  men  who  have  done  the  most  e.x- 
emplary  labor  in  the  field  of  the  pioneer  are 
possessed  of  little  wealth.  Sterling  energy,  in- 
domitable wills,  fearless  courage  and  good  phy- 
sical powers  combine  in  the  dauntless  pioneer 
in  such  proportions  that  he  desires  little  else 
to  equip  him  for  his  lionorable  work.  Among 
tlie  worthy  pioneers  of  west  Stevens  county  we 
wisii  til  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who 
came  here  with  the  capital  of  plenty  of  pluck 
and  two  good  strong  arms.  He  settled  eight 
miles  south  from  where  Kettle  Falls  now  is, 
upon  a  homestead  which  he  has  increased  to 
one  half  section.  He  began  at  once  to  produce 
the  fruits  of  the  field  and  raise  stock  ancl  is  now 
one  of  the  well-to-do  men  of  the  county.  He 
has  a  commodious  residence  overlooking  the 
Columbia  with  the  towering  mountains  of  the 
reservation  as  a  back  grountl.  His  entire  estate 
is  pleasantly  and  beautifully  located  and,  is 
one  of  the  choice  homes  of  the  county.  General 
farming  and  fruit  and  stock  raising  occupy  his 
attention. 

Abraham  Heidegger  was  born  at  Ottawa, 
Kansas  on  December  31,  1865.  the  son  of 
Joseph  H.  and  Sarah  E.  (Rutherford)  Heideg- 
.ger.  The  father  was  born  in  \\'urtemberg, 
Austria  and  came  to  the  United  States  when  a 
young  man  and  joined  the  home  militia  of  Kan- 


252 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


sas  during  the  Ci\il  War.  His  death  occurred 
in  August,  1890  near  Ottawa,  Kansas.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Kentucl<y  and  died  when 
our  subject  was  eight  years  old.  Abraham 
had  the  following  brothers  and  sisters.  Albert, 
Joseph,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Reynolds.  Mrs.  Sarah 
E.  Kelly,  and  Mrs.  Isabel  E.  Ingraham.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  our  suliject  left  home  and 
began  to  work  out  during  the  summer,  and  for 
his  board  during  the  winters  while  he  attended 
school.  This  continued  until  he  had  received 
a  good  education.  In  the  summer  of  1886  he 
took  a  train  load  of  cattle  to  New  Mexico,  then 
rode  the  range  about  forty-five  miles  west  of 
Magdalene  for  three  years.  It  was  July,  1889, 
when  he  came  to  Spokane  and  went  to  work  on 
the  Spokane  Falls  and  Northern  railroad.  At 
about  the  same  time  he  located  his  present  place 
and  has  continued  in  its  improvement  ever  since. 
Mr.  Heidegger  is  also  interested  in  some  valu- 
able mining  properties  and  is  known  as  a  pro- 
gressive and  capable  man. 

On  October  14,  1899,  Mr.  Heidegger  mar- 
ried Miss  Maggie  B.  Coppinger.  Two  chil- 
dren ha\e  been-  born  to  them,  Albert  E.  and 
Charles  R.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Heidegger  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ELIJAH  M.  DENNY,  ex-sheriff  of 
Stevens  county  and  one  of  its  best  known  and 
most  prominent  citizens,  is  now  dwelling  on  his 
estate  of  two  hundred  acres,  six  miles  west 
from  Springdale.  He  has  a  beautiful  and  valu- 
alile  farm,  which  is  well  impro\-ed,  with  a  fine 
eight  room  residence,  barns,  fences,  and  so 
forth.  Mr.  Denny  raises  hay  and  general  crops 
and  also  pays  much  attention  to  handling  stock. 

Elijah  M.  Denny  was  born  in  Henry 
county,  Iowa,  on  May  6,  1849,  the  son  of 
James  M.  and  Jane  A.  (McCarthy)  Denny, 
natixes  of  Kentucky  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
The  father  came  to  Iowa  when  it  was  still  a 
territory  and  was  present  at  the  consummation 
of  the  Blackhawk  purchase.  He  was  a  promi- 
nent stockman  and  farmer  and  passed  away  in 
1902,  after  spending  a  successful  life  of  eighty- 
seven  years.  The  uncles  of  our  subject  were 
all  through  the  War  of  1812.  The  mother  of 
Elijah  M.  died  in  her  fifty-ninth  year,  some 
twelve  years  since.  Our  subject  was  reared 
amid   the   favorable   surroundings   of   a   rural 


abode  and  after  attending  the  common  schools, 
took  a  course  in  the  Howes  Academy  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  loWa.  From  twenty  to  twenty-two 
he  was  engaged  in  teaching  near  his  home.  In 
May,  1872,  he  left  the  parental  home  and  came 
on  an  emigrant  train  to  Tulare  county,  Cali- 
fornia. Having  perfected  himself  in  the  car- 
penter trade  previous  to  this  he  was  fitted  to 
take  up  that  work  and  followed  the  same  for  a 
time  on  the  coast.  Then  Mr.  Denny  engaged 
with  the  Pacific  Coast  Patent  Office  Company, 
and  traveled  all  through  the  northwest.  In 
1879,  he  established  a  printing  business  in  Port- 
land and  also  was  correspondent  for  various 
journals,  having  carried  this  on  with  his  patent 
office  work  also.  In  the  spring  of  1881,  he 
sold  out  and  came  to  Spokane,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  mechanical  work  for  the  government 
under  Colonel,  now  General  Merriam.  He  as- 
sisted to  construct  Ft.  Spokane  and  in  1883, 
while  in  this  capacity,  Mr.  Denny  located  his 
present  place  in  Camas  prairie.  Since  then  be 
has  continued  steadily  here  with  the  exception 
of  the  time  spent  in  tra\-eling  for  his  wife's 
health.  She  was  taken  hence  by  death  in  the 
Santa  Clara  valley,  California  on  August  i, 
1887.  One  child,  James  Harvey,  was  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Denny,  who  now  resides  with 
his  father.  The  marriage  of  ]Mr.  Denny  and 
Miss  Elizabeth  J.  Pritchet  occurred  on  March 
10.    1886. 

In  i8g6  Mr.  Denny  was  elected  sheriff'  on 
the  Populist  ticket.  Two  years  later  the  Re- 
publicans and  Democrats  both  combined  to  de- 
feat him,  but  so  great  was  Mr.  Denny's  popu- 
larity with  the  people,  that  he  was  re-elected  by 
a  larger  majority.  He  had  done  excellent  work 
in  making  arrests  on  the  international  boundary 
and  his  faithfulness  has  made  him  a  favorite 
with  the  people.  Mr.  Denny  has  always  labored 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  county  and  his  efforts 
have  resulted  in  great  good.  He  has  ever 
been  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  better  roads 
and  his  energetic  labor  brought  about  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Cedar  canyon  road.  Fraternally, 
Mr.  Denny  is  afiiliated' with  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Springdale  Lodge. 

On  February  16,  1904,  Mr.  Denny  married 
Miss  Ida  A.  Shaffer,  the  nuptials  occurring 
in  Spokane,  where  the  bride  had  resided  six 
years  previous  to  her  marriage.  She  is  the 
daughter  of  Colonel  G.  F.  and  Emily  B. 
(Brouse)   Shaft'er,  of  London,  Ontario,  where 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


253 


Mrs.  Denny  was  born  and  reared.  She  was 
liberally  educated  and  after  her  years  of  study 
took  up  the  work  of  the  educator  herself.  She 
held  responsible  positions  in  the  high  schools 
for  many  years  in  her  native  land.  Colonel 
Shaffer's  father  was  one  of  the  United  Empire 
Loyalists  and  sat  in  Parliament  for  twenty- 
seven  years. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  when  Mr.  Denny 
was  serving  his  first  term  as  sheriff  of  Stevens 
county,  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Ferry 
county  was  a  part  of  Stevens  county  and  that 
made  Stevens  the  largest  county  in  the  state  of 
Washington. 


WILLIAM  H.  OAKES,  owner  and  oper- 
ator of  the  Belleview  fruit  farm,  which  lies 
three  miles  west  from  Meyers  Falls,  is  cer- 
tainly one  of  the  most  successful  fruit  men  in 
this  portion  of  the  state.  He  is  a  man  of  ex- 
cellent judgment,  practicability,  and  tireless 
energy.  Being  dominated  by  a  sagacity  which 
weighs  well  all  parts  of  a  question,  he  has 
gone  steadily  forward,  reaping  a  gratifying 
success  at  every  turn.  The  Belleview  fruit 
farm  is  doubtless  the  largest  in  the  county,  and 
it  is  surely  one  which  shows  model  points  in 
every  detail.  Some  of  the  fruit  from  this  place 
reached  the  Pan-American  exposition  and  at- 
tracted world  wide  attention.  In  the  Inter- 
state fairs  at  Spokane,  Mr.  Oakes  has  always 
had  a  creditable  exhibit  and  has  carried  off 
several  prizes.  A  few  samples  of  the  farm 
show  what  is  being  done  there.  From  one  tree 
seven  years  old,  Mr.  Oakes  gathered  fourteen 
boxes  of  marketable  apples  and  from  one  fif- 
teen years  old,  he  gathered  thirty-two  boxes  of 
marketable  apples.  From  a  ten  year  old  cherry 
tree  of  the  Olivet  variety,  Mr.  Oakes  sold  forty 
boxes.  Eighty-five  acres  of  a  half  section  are 
bearing  fruit  of  all  varieties  grown  in  this 
latitude,  while  also  he  has  a  fine  vineyard  and 
a  large  nut  orchard.  All  this  vast  producing 
acreage,  well  kept  and  handled  in  the  most  im- 
proved manner  speaks  more  elo'quently  of  the 
manner  of  man  our  subject  is  than  one  could 
do  even  in  many  words.  Surely,  Mr.  Oakes 
has  done  things  that  count. 

William  H.  Oakes  was  born  in  Bangor, 
Maine,  on  September  6,  1856,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam J.  and  Olive  (Hall)  Oakes,  natives  also 
of  Maine.     The  mother's  father  was  Simeon 


Hall.  He  went  to  California  in  the  days  of 
forty-nine,  made  a  fortune  and  returned  to 
his  native  state.  The  latter  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
denomination.  His  sons  were  all  searfaring 
men,  four  of  them  being  captains  of  steamships. 
Two  are  now  in  San  Francisco,  Charles  E.  and 
Andrew.  The  paternal  grandfather  was  a  pa- 
triot in  the  War  of  1812.  The  father  of  our 
subject  migrated  to  California  and  died  there 
in  1 90 1.  The  mother,  who  is  in  her  seventy- 
first  year,  is  making  her  home  with  our  subject. 
In  the  spring  of  1870,  the  family  came  to 
Butte  county,  California  and  there  our  subject 
did  mining  and  lumbering. 

In  October,  1879,  Mr.  Oakes  married  Miss 
Eliza  A.  Longley.  Her  father,  Andrew  C. 
Longley,  was  a  noted  stage  driver  in  early  times 
and  drove  the  first  large  mule  team  into  Vir- 
ginia City.  He  crossed  the  plains  twice  from 
Missouri  and  had  some  hard  fights  with  the 
Indians.    His  death  occurred  in  1901. 

In  the  spring  of  1880,  our  subject  came 
with  his  family  in  wagon  from  California  to 
Walla  Walla,  and  three  years  later  he  came  to 
his  present  place.  He  took  a  homestead  and 
has  since  added  as  much  more  by  purchase. 
In  1886,  Mr.  Oakes  was  one  of  a  party  of 
thirteen  who  cut  a  trail  one  hundred  miles  in 
British  Columbia  and  located  the  Silver  King, 
later  called  the  Hall  Mines.  He  continued  in 
mining  until  1890,  having  kept  up  the  work 
of  miproving  his  farm  during  the  same  time. 
Also  Mr.  Oakes  was  successful  in  the  construc- 
tion and  operation  of  the  first  telephone  line 
in  Stevens  county  and  it  was  a  source  of  rev- 
enue to  him  until  he  sold  his  interest  in  1897. 
The  line  extended  from  Spokane  to  Rossland 
and  other  points  in  British  Columbia  as  well 
as  to  Republic  and  adjacent  points.  He  was 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  company  and 
his  energy  and  wisdom  were  a  vital  part  in 
its  success. 

In  addition  to  the  orchards  and  general 
farming  improvements.  Mr.  Oakes  has  con- 
structed a  modern  residence  of  eighteen  rooms, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  entire  county,  and  also 
has  outbuildings,  as  barns,  fruit  houses,  and  so 
forth  commensurate  with  his  extensive  oper- 
ations. He  is  fruit  inspector  for  Stevens  county 
and  the  county  is  to  be  congratulated  that  he 
will  give  of  his  time  in  this  important  office. 

To   Mr.   and    Mrs.    Oakes    seven   children 


254 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


have  been  born,  named  as  follows:  Olive  L., 
wife  of  J.  J.  Budd.  of  Spokane;  Arthur  \\'., 
Ada  A.,  William  H.,  Robert  W.,  George  L. 
and  Ethel.  Mr.  Oakes  came  to  Stevens  county 
without  means  and  the  brilliant  success  that 
he  has  achieved  in  ever}-  line  of  endeavor  he 
has  taken  up  since  coming  here  speaks  very 
higblv  of  his  abilitv  as  a  financier. 


LABAN  GARNER,  one  of  the  eminently 
successful  and  enterprising  farmers  and  stock- 
raisers  of  Stevens  county,  resides  at  Cedonia, 
four  and  one-half  miles  northeast  of  Hunters, 
his  homestead  being  located  on  Harvey  creek. 
He  is  a  native  of  the  "Hoosier"  state,  having 
been  born  in  ^\"arren  county.  Indiana.  May  8. 
1855.  His  father.  Peter,  born  in  the  same 
county,  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers,  a  far- 
mer and  stockman.  Subsequently  he  went  to 
Dallas  county.  Iowa,  where  he  died  in  1893. 
The  mother,  Sarah  (Breaks)  Garner,  was  also 
a  native  of  Indiana,  born  near  Crawfordsville. 
She  is  also  deceased. 

In  1871  our  subject  went  to  Milford.  Illi- 
nois, where  he  engaged  in  farming.  January 
7,  1873,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Rosa  J.  Sever,  a  native  of  Warren  county.  In- 
diana, bom  May  16.  1858.  Her  father  was 
Francis  M.,  and'  her  mother  Emily  (Canutt) 
Sever,  the  former  a  native  of  Warren,  and  the 
latter  of  Fayette  county,  Indiana.  The  mother 
died  March  3.  1902,  while  visiting  in  Indiana, 
in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  her  age. 

In  1882  our  subject  came  to  Washington. 
settling  near  Almota.  He  located  land  and  en- 
gaged in  general  farming  and  stock-raising. 
The  country  was  decidedly  new,  and  settlers 
few  and  far  between.  Selling  his  land  in  Whit- 
man county,  he  purchased  stock,  driving  them 
to  his  present  home  in  Stevens  county.  This 
was  in  the  fall  of  1888.  The  previous  spjing 
he  had  purchased  a  ranch  in  this  locality.  On 
his  arrival  he  found  but  few  white  settlers  in 
the  vicinity. 

The  father  of  our  subject's  wife  is  now  liv- 
ing in  Whitman  county,  a  well-to-do  farmer, 
seventy  years  of  age.  Her  grandfather.  Wil- 
liam Canutt,  \vas  born  in  1787.  and  was  eighty- 
one  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  decease.  Her 
grandmother,  Canutt,  was  born  in  1798  and 
died     in     1840.      Her    paternal     grandfather. 


John  Sever,  died  in  1882.  aged  seven- 
ty-four, and  his  wife.  Elizabeth  Sever, 
in  1888,  aged  seventy-six  years.  Mrs. 
Garner  has  five  brothers  and  two  sisters,  John 
W.,  Abram  E.,  Francis  M.,  William  M..  David 
C,  Mrs.  Sadie  La  Rue.  "Sirs.  Ida  M.  Cram. 
Mr.  Garner  had  three  brothers  and  four  sisters, 
but  only  one  brother  and  one  sister  survive, 
Shelby  and  Mrs.  Eliza  Du  Ya]. 

]Mr.  Garner  owns  six  hundred  and  forty- 
six  acres  of  land,  all  of  which  is  fenced  and  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  under  cultivation, 
well  supplied  with  water.  His  residence  is  a 
six-room  house,  with  spring  water  piped 
through  the  same,  excellent  cellar,  commodious 
barn,  and  all  conveniences  necessary  for  ranch 
life.  He  is  a  member  of  Hunter's  Camp.  W. 
W..  and  has  always  been  active  in  the  \arious 
enterprises  of  the  county.  Mrs.  Garner  is  a 
member  of  the  Circle  of  the  W.  W. 


ROBERT  THOMAS,  one  of  the  hustling, 
energetic  farmers  of  Stevens  county,  residing 
on  Dunn  creek,  was  born  July  5.  1868,  in  the 
isle  of  Anglesea.  north  part  of  W'ales.  He 
is  the  son  of  Hugh  and  Ellen  Thomas,  still 
living  across  the  sea.  The  father,  a  well-to-do 
business  man,  in  the  town  of  Llangoed.  Wales, 
has  been,  during  the  greater  portion  of  his 
life,   in  the  dry-goods  trade. 

Until  1888  our  subject  attended  school  in 
Wales,  worked  in  a  stone  quarry,  and  was  fore- 
man of  the  same  for  five  years.  In  the  spring 
of  that  year  he  landed  in  New  York  city,  going 
thence  to  Wisconsin,  and  later  pushing  on  to 
Beaverhead  county,  Montana.  Here  he  rode 
the  range  for  a  while,  went  out  to  the  coast, 
and  subsequently  settled  in  Lincoln  county, 
Washington,  where  he  purchased  a  ranch.  Re- 
turning to  Montana,  he  engaged  in  sheep  rais- 
ing, and.  to  use  his  own  words,  "went  broke 
during  Cleveland's  administration."  Returning 
to  Lincoln  county  he  disposed  of  his  ranch,  and 
located  at  his  present  home,  where  he  has  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  nearly  all 
fenced.  This  was  in  1900.  He  raises  cattle 
and  sheep,  having  some  blooded  cattle  and 
Shropshire  sheep.  He  says  that  he  has  de- 
cided to  have  the  best  animals  or  none  at  all. 

In  April.  1895.  Mr.  Thomas  was  married 
to  Miss  Inez  Bradv.  a  native  of  Marion  coun- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


255 


ty,  Oregon.  Her  parents,  Frank  M.  and  Alice 
Brady,  were  pioneers  of  western  Oregon,  com- 
ing to  Lincoln  county,  Washington,  in  the 
eighties.  Eventually  they  returned  to  the 
Willamette  \-allty,  Oregon,  where  they  are  now- 
living.  Our  subject  has  five  brothers  in  Wales, 
Owen,  Hugh,  William,  Thomas  and  Richard. 
All  of  them  are  highly  educated  and  the  oldest 
brother  has,  for  the  past  ten  }ears,  been  prin- 
cipal of  a  school  in  the  town  in  which  he  was 
reared  from  childhood,  and  the  youngest 
brother  is,  also,  principal  of  a  school.  Mrs. 
Thomas  has  one  sister.  ]\Iartlia,  living  with  her 
parents.  Starting  in  life  with  no  capital,  IMr. 
Thomas  has  wrought  well  and  successfully, 
overcoming  many  difficulties,  and  through  his 
business  sagacity,  probity,  and  industry,  has 
won  a  handsome  competence. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  have  fi\-e  children, 
Richard  Arlie,  Robert  Charles,  ]Mary  Ellen, 
Maggie  and  Annie  May. 


FRANK  WALKER,  who  enjoys  the  rep- 
utation of  a  most  capable  and  patriotic  soldier 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  a  western 
pioneer  and  guide  of  wide  experience,  now  re- 
sides at  Alyea,  Stevens  county,  three  and  one- 
half  miles  east  of  Hunters.  He  was  born  April 
4,  1844,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio. 

His  father,  William  Walker,  was  an  early 
settler  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  dying  before  the 
birth  of  our  subject.  His  mother,  Mary  (Tyr- 
rell) Walker,  was,  also,  a  native  of  Ohio. 

When  a  child  our  subject  went  with  his 
mother  to  Grant  county,  Indiana.  He  enlisted 
in  1863  in  Company  C,  One  Hundred  and 
Eighth  Indiana  \^olunteers,  for  six  months, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Clinks  River, 
Brownsville,  Knoxville,  and  several  skirmishes. 
He  re-enlisted  for  one  hundred  days,  and  was 
engaged  in  taking  prisoners  from  the  front  to 
the  rear.  Again  he  re-enlisted  in  an  Indiana 
regiment  for  one  year,  going  first  to  the  bar- 
racks at  Santiago,  on  the  Rio  Grande  river. 
Aside  from  a  number  of  skirmishes,  he  was  in 
the  battle  of  Palmetto  Ranche,  the  last  engage- 
ment fought  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
This  was  subsequent  to  the  surrender  of  Gen- 
eral Lee  at  Appomattox.  In  a  battle  with 
Texas  Rangers  he  saw  the  last  man  killed  dur- 
ing the  war,  a  colored  sergeant.     During  his 


term  of  service  he  never  received  a  wound,  nor 
did  either  of  his  three  brothers,  who  were  in 
the  federal  army.  Following  his  discharge  he 
returned  to  Indiana.  At  present  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Phil  Buckman  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Sprague, 
Washington. 

In  the  spring  of  1866  Mr.  Walker  went  to 
St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  thence  up  that  river 
to  Nebraska  City,  Nebraska,  leaving  that  point 
with  Kemp's  ox  teams,  and  going  across  the 
plains  to  Virginia  City,  Montana.  Here  he 
engaged  in  mining  in  different  localities,  until 
1883,  and  in  the  spring  of  1884  he  went  to 
Sprague,  Washington,  where  he  secured  a 
homestead,  improved  it,  and  continued  farm- 
ing until  1894.  That  year  he  came  to  Stevens 
county,  his  present  home,  purchased  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres  of  railroad  land,  and  has 
another  quarter  section  adjoining  the  same,  all 
fenced  and  plentifully  supplied  with  water.  He 
raises  hay,  cattle  and  horses,  and  has  a  fine 
orchard.  At  first  his  entire  capital  comprised 
a  few  horses.  He  has  paid  some  attention  to 
mining,  and  owns  interests  in  a  number  of 
claims.  In  1880,  at  Butte,  ]\Iontana,  he  was 
married  to  Mary  Treselian.  a  native  of  Galena, 
Illinois.  She  was  born  September  25,  1846, 
the  daughter  of  Walter  and  Catherine  Trese- 
lian, deceased. 


THOMAS  R.  MAJOR,  interested  in  gen- 
eral farming  and  stock-raising,  four  miles  east 
of  Cedonia,  Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Ohio, 
Belmont  county,  June  9,  1856.  John  A.  Ma- 
jor, his  father,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  in  181 2,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  Belmont  county,  where  he  died  in  June, 
1885.  The  mother,  Mary  A.  (Hawthorne) 
Major,  is  a  native  of  Jefferson  county,  Ohio, 
and  is  now  living  on  the  old  Belmont  home- 
stead, aged  seventy-seven  years.  The  ances- 
tors of  our  subject,  on  both  sides  of  the  house, 
were  from  Ireland. 

Thomas  R.  Major  attended  the  public 
schools-  in  his  neighborhood,  and  obtained  a 
fair  business  education.  On  February  3,  1876, 
he  was  married  to  Mary  A.  Stillweil,  a  native 
of  Belmont  county,  born  January  20,  1859. 
Her  father,  James  V.  Stillweil,  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  near  Pleasant  Grove,  Ohio, 
for  forty  or  fifty  years,  was  postmaster,  and 
now,   at   the  close  of   his   business   career,   is 


256 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


quietly  living  near  his  birthplace  at  the  age  of 
seventy-six  years,  with  his  wife,  the  mother  of 
Mrs.  Major.  The  latter  is  seventy-lour  years 
of  age,  and  is  a  nati\-e  of  the  same  county  and 
state.  Mrs.  Major  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  John  C.  Stillwell,  Elias  Stillwell,  Mrs. 
Adaline  Naylor  and  Mrs.  Clara  Babb.  Our 
subject  has,  also,  two  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Samuel  and  Rev.  W.  A.,  and  Catherine  and 
Clarisa. 

In  1878  our  subject  left  Ohio,  going  to 
Wichita,  Kansas,  where,  until  1889,  he  was 
engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock-raising. 
In  the  spring  of  1889  he  located  on  his  present 
homestead  on  Harvey  creek,  surrounded  by 
only  a  few  straggling  settlers.  Since  that  pe- 
riod, however,  he  has  traveled  extensively  over 
a  large  portion  of  the  northwest.  He  has  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  fenced  and 
improved,  a  six-room  house,  good  barn  and 
bearing  orchard.  Harvey  creek  traverses  his 
property.  He  raises  hay,  grain,  cattle  and 
hogs.  He  is  a  member  of  the  local  camp  of  the 
W.  W.,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Circle 
Women  of  Woodcraft.  They  have  six  chil- 
dren, John  I.,  of  Wilcox,  Whitman  county, 
who  married  Nellie  Harper;  Charles  S. ;  Clara 
Elmira,  Mary  Theora,  Thomas  Oscar  and 
James  S. 


PETER  DUNN,  residing  near  Dunn 
Postoffice,  Stevens  county,  is  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, born  March  17,  1850.  At  the  age  of 
seven  years  he  was  left  an  orphan,  and  when 
thirteen  years  old  came  to  New  York  city, 
subsequently  living  in  various  portions  of  the 
state.  While  still  a  young  man  he  bought  and 
sold   cattle.  , 

In  1889  he  came  to  Washington,  and  lo- 
cated his  present  home,  on  Dunn  creek,  Stevens 
county,  being  the  first  settler  in  that  vicinity, 
the  stream  being  named  after  him.  He  owns 
one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  acres  of  land, 
all  fenced,  has  a  good  house,  barn  and  out- 
buildings, and  is  profitably  engaged'  in  the  j 
stock  business.  He  has  a  band  of  full-blooded 
Durham  cattle,  a  number  of  hogs  and  a  small 
flock  of  sheep.  He  cultivated  seventy-five 
acres,  which  is  well  irrigated.  Mr.  Dunn  I 
came  to  his  present  location  with  limited  means, 
but  is  now  prosperous  and  independent.  He 
has  never  worked  for  a  salary,  but  since  early 


youth  has  generally  been  engaged  in  business 
on   his  own  account. 

He  is  a  bachelor,  an  enterprising  citizen, 
and  manifests  a  lively  interest  in  local  afifairs. 


FRANK  ELLIOTT  came  to  Stevens 
county  in  1892,  and  is  at  present  most  favora- 
bly located  on  Hunter  creek,  seven  miles  east 
of  Hunters,  at  Alyea,  engaged  in  diversified 
farming.  He  was  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Missouri,  January  16,  i860.  His  father, 
Colonel  Thomas  D.  Elliott,  is  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, born  January  6,  1820.  In  1850  he  was 
freighting  across  the  plains  for  the  government, 
and  during  this  time  he  participated  in  a  num- 
ber of  skirmishes  with  hostile  Indians.  He 
was  married  in  1845,  '^'^  wife  dying  six  years 
later.  In  1854  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Mary  Duncan,  the  mother  of  oiu'  subject. 
Colonel  Elliott  enlisted  in  the  confederate  serv- 
ice as  a  private,  but  rose  by  merit  to  become  the 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  and  served  under  Gen- 
eral Marmaduke.  It  is  claimed  that  he  is,  at 
present,  the  oldest  Free  Mason  in  the  four 
states  of  Montana,  Idaho,  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington. In  1858,  at  the  period  of  the  trouble 
between  the  L^nited  States  government  and  the 
Mormons,  Colonel  Elliott  served  as  guide  for 
a  company  of  soldiers  who  took  six  hundred 
head  of  beef  cattle  across  the  plains.  At  Salt 
Lake  he  was  introduced  by  Brigham  Young  to 
sixty  of  the  latter's  wives.  Among  his  hunt- 
ing exploits  in  California  was  the  killing  of 
three  grizzly  and  two  brown  bears,  and  one 
California  lion.  Colonel  Elliott  has  been  in 
every  state  in  the  union.  For  the  past  ten  years 
he  has  been  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  of  which  denomination  his 
wife  has  been  a  member  since  she  was  seven- 
teen years  of  age.  Colonel  Elliott  is  now 
eighty-four,  and  his  wife  seventy  years  of  age. 

Our  subject,  Frank  Elliott,  was  married 
December  8,  1887,  to  Emma  Duncan,  daughter 
of  William  H.  Duncan,  both  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. Her  mother  was  Martha  E.  Duncan, 
and  both  of  her  parents  are  dead.  She  came 
west  with  her  brother,  Avery  J.,  now  residing 
in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Elliott  came  to  their  present  home  in 
1892,  and  settled  on  Hunter  creek.  Here  he 
has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  a  fine 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


257 


house,  barn  and  orchard,  the  land  being  well 
irrigated  and  very  productive.  They  have 
seven  children.  Alpha  E.,  wife  of  D.  H.  Dun- 
ham, Albert  E.,  Lee  Roy,  Frances  H.,  Georgia 
E.,  Charles  R.,  and  Mary  E. 


SAMUEL  L.  BRECHBILL,  one  of  the 
most  successful  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Stev- 
ens county,  resides  at  Alyea,  on  Hunter  creek, 
six  miles  east  of  Hunters.  He  was  born  in  In- 
diana county.  Pennsylvania.  May  22,  1849. 
His  father.  John,  a  native  of  Maryland,  was 
by  trade  a  miller,  but  largely  interested  in  agri- 
cultural pusuits.  He  died  in  1862.  The  mother, 
Mary  A.  (Wagner)  Brechbill,  was  a  Pennsyl- 
vanian.  and  our  subject's  great-great-grand- 
father, George  Clymer.  was  one  of  the  signers 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

When  a  child  our  subject  went  with  his 
parents  to  Richland  county.  Ohio,  and  thence 
to  Monroe  county.  Missouri.  Here,  in  1864, 
he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service.  Jack- 
man's  Brigade,  and  was  in  a  battle  on  the  Mis- 
souri river,  and  a  number  of  serious  skir- 
mishes. He  was  at  the  surrender  at  Shreve- 
port.  Louisiana,  and  the  last  engagement  in 
which  he  participated  was  on  the  Big  Blue 
river,  Kansas.  He  received  a  sabre  wound  in 
Missouri,  and  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  Big 
Blue  fight.  He  still  carries  the  bullet.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1 87 1,  he  was  married  to  Martha  Fre- 
mont, a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  died  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1882.  Her  parents  were  Michael  and 
Louisa  (Wilson)  Fremont.  Four  children 
were  born  to  them  of  whom  three  are  living, 
Henry  and  Charles,  now  attending  school  in 
St.  Louis,  and  Mrs.  Louisa  M.  Smith,  of  Belle- 
ville. Ohio. 

Mr.  Brechbill  came  west  in  1882,  going 
first  to  Spokane,  Walla  Walla,  and  a  number  of 
other  points  in  Washington,  seeking  improve- 
ment in  his  health.  In  September,  1884.  he  lo- 
cated on  his  present  homestead,  there  being  at 
that  period  but  a  few  settlers  in  his  vicinity. 
He  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land, 
nearly  all  fenced,  and  watered  by  an  irrigating 
ditch  heading  in  Hunter  creek.  He  raises  con- 
siderable hay  and  feeds  a  fine  band  of  cattle. 
He  came  to  this  locality  with  but  little  capital, 
but  is  now  in  e.xcellent  circumstances.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  highly 
esteemed  in  the  communit)'  in  which  he  resides. 

17 


WILLIAM  S.  HILTS,  postmaster  of  Al- 
yea, Stevens  county,  resides  on  a  favorably  lo- 
cated homestead  five  and  a  half  miles  east  of 
Hunters.  He  was  born  in  Clackamas  county^ 
Oregon,  December  20,  1853.  His  father,. 
David  Hilts,  was  a  native  of  Canada,  who 
crossed  the  line  into  the  United  States  in  1851, 
and  settled  in  Knox  county,  Illinois.  In  1852 
he  was  married  to  Indiana  Maxwell,  a  native 
of  Indiana,  who  became  the  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject. With  ox  teams  the  young  couple  made 
the  perilous  trip  across  the  plains,  in  the  spring 
of  1853,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  arrived  in 
Clackamas  county.  In  1864  they  settled  in  the 
Grande  Ronde  valley,  and  he  erected  the  first 
store  building  in  the  town  of  Union.  He  died 
there  in  1889,  in  the  sixty-fourth  year  of  his 
life.  His  widow  is  now  Mrs.  I.  Wills,  living 
in  Spokane,  in  her  seventy-second  year. 

In  1873  our  subject  went  to  the  famous 
Gallatin  valley,  Montana,  and  the  following 
year  he  made  a  prospecting  trip  up  the  Yellow- 
stone valley  to  the  Big  Horn  country,  but  ow- 
ing to  the  hostility  of  the  Indians  the  expedi- 
tion was  compelled  to  return.  The  mining  ex- 
citement of  1876  led  him  to  the  Black  Hills. 
On  this  expedition  his  company  had  a  number 
of  fights  and  skirmishes  with  hostile  redmen, 
losing  one  man  and  having  three  wounded,  of 
the  latter  our  subject  being  one.  For  eighteen 
months  he  followed  mining  with  fair  success, 
and  then  returned  to  the  Gallatin  valley. 

On  January  17,  1878,  William  S.  Hilts  was 
married  to  Miss  Cora  Thompson,  a  native  of 
Wisconsin,  born  in  1858.  Her  father,  Ben- 
jamin Thompson,  was  lx)rn  in  Canada,  came 
to  the  United  States  when  quite  young,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  miners  in  Alder  Gulch,  Mon- 
tana, in  1864.  At  present  he  is  engaged  in 
stock-raising  in  Madison  valley,  Montana.  Her 
mother,  Elizabeth,  is  a  native  of  the  Keystone 
State,  now  residing  with  her  husband  in  Mon- 
tana. 

In  1886  our  subject  removed  to  Bozeman, 
Montana,  and  in  1888  came  to  Washington  and 
located  on  Hunter  creek,  where  he  now  re- 
sides. For  two  years  he  was  at  Springdale, 
Stevens  county,  in  the  mercantile  business. 
They  have  had  twelve  children,  of  whom  the 
following  are  now  living  in  Stevens  county, 
namely :  Mrs.  Lizzie  I.  Avenel,  Mrs.  Cora  M. 
Sandvig,  Joe  Wesley.  Ida  Irene,  Altha  Pearl, 
William  T.,    Mrvtie  B.,    David  B.,    Blanche, 


258 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Robert  E.  Fraternally  Mr.  Hilts  is  a  member 
of  the  Maccabees :  politically  a  staunch  Repub- 
lican, and  for  eig'ht  years  has  held  the  office  of 
constable.  He  owns  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  land,  of  which  eighty  acres  are  under 
cultivation.  He  is  one  of  the  prosperous  resi- 
dents of  the  valley. 


JAjMES  C.  REILLY,  diversified  farmer, 
fruit-raiser  and  stockman,  near  Hunters, 
Stevens  county,  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
December.  13,  1838.  He  has  led  an  active, 
energentic  life,  and  is  now  located  on  one  of  the 
most  eligible  homesteads  in  his  vicinity.  His 
father,  Philip  Reilly,  was  a  hotel  keeper,  in 
Ireland,  and  went  to  Australia  in  1850.  accom- 
panied by  three  brothers  and  one  sister  of  our 
subject.     His  mother  was  Mary  Reilly. 

James  C.  remained  in  Ireland  until  1856, 
v^'hen  he  came  to  this  country  landing  at  New 
Yory  city.  He  at  once  secured  employment  in 
the  extensive  department  store  of  A.  T. 
Stewart,  which  at  that  time  had  a  national 
reputation,  being  the  pioneer  house  in  this  line 
of  business.  He  was  in  the  dry  goods  depart- 
ment for  a  short  period,  going  thence  to 
Toronto,  Canada,  where  he  was  with  the  Mer- 
rick Brothers,  as  clerk.  Removing  thence  to 
Savannah,  Georgia,  he  enlisted,  in  1861,  in 
Company  K,  First  Georgia  Volunteers,  con- 
federate service,  and  assisted  in  erecting  the 
guns  at  F"ort  Pulaski  and  Tybee  Island,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Savannah  river.  He  participated 
in  the  battle  of  INIanassas,  Williamsburg,  the 
seven  days"  fight  at  Richmond  and  in  a  number 
of  other  important  engagements  and  skirmishes 
with  the  federal  troops.  He  was  with  General 
Lee  at  the  historical  surrender  at  Appamattox. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  came  west  to  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas,  and  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business,  at  which  hostelry  many  of  the  promi- 
nent politicians,  capitalists  and  public  digni- 
taries registered. 

He  came  to  Washington  in  1884,  and  lo- 
cited  his  present  home  in  Stevens  county.  On 
September  20,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Malissa 
Lackroy,  a  native  of  Coosey  county,  Alabama. 
Her  father,  Hosea,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina. Her  mother,  Mary  (Short)  Lackroy. 
was  born  in  Georgia  and  is  still  living  at  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas,  aged  eighty-six  years. 


At  the  period  our  subject  located  in  Stevens 
county  there  \\-ere  but  few  settlers  on  the 
Columbia  river  between  the  mouth  of  the 
Spokane  river  and  Ricky  Rapids.  He  now 
owns  and  cultivates  one  hundred  acres  of  land 
on  Hunters  creek,  which  runs  through  his  place. 

Since  a  boy  Mr.  Reilly  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  politics,  and  in  this  country  was  first 
a  Democrat,  then  a  Populist,  and  is  at  present 
a  pronounced  and  intelligent  Socialist,  well 
read  and  thoroughly  informed  on  all  important 
questions  of  political  economy.  He  has  been  an 
extensive  traveler  in  Europe  and  the  United 
States,  and  after  the  Civil  war  he  made  a  tour 
of  South  America,  crossing  the  Straits  of 
Magellan.  He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  ac- 
quaintances, and  numbers  many  warm  friends 
in  the  communitv  in  which  he  resides. 


RALPH  EMERSON  0\'ERMYER.  a 
prosperous  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  near  Hun- 
ters, Stevens  county,  was  born  at  Lindsey,  San- 
dusky county,  Ohio,  ?vlay  16,  1870.  His  pa- 
rents, Henrv'  H.  and  Margaret  A.  (Walker) 
Overmyer,  were  also  natives  of  the  "Buckeye 
State."  The  father  served  with  distinction 
through  the  Civil  war,  is  now  prominent  in 
G.  A.  R.  circles,  is  an  Odd  Fellow  and  a 
Mason.  The  mother  is  a  native  of  Port  Clin- 
ton, Ottawa  county,  the  daughter  of  David 
and  Nancy  Walker.  Her  father,  George  Wag- 
ner, died  a  few  years  since  in  Sandusky  county, 
worth  over  two  million  dollars,  accumulated  in 
face  of  the  fact  that  he  could  neither  read  nor 
write.  He  was  one  hundred  and  seven  years 
old  at  the  time  of  his  death.  She  now  resides 
in  Ohio. 

In  1884  our  subject  left  home.  His  father 
insisted  that  he  should  adopt  a  profession,  but 
he  declined  to  do  so,  preferring  to  learn  a 
trade.  He  first  went  to  Michigan,  thence  to 
Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
wheelwright,  and  returned  home.  This  was  in 
1887.  The  following  day  he  left  for  Spokaine, 
Washington,  but  fell  ill  on  the  way.  and  arrived 
in  that  city  with  but  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents 
in  cash.  Soon  afterwards  he  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  Hunters,  secured  a  homestead,  and 
subsequently  traveled  as  agent  for  a  fruit  tree 
firm. 

January  2,  1898,  he  was  married  to  Clara 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH:  WASHINGTON. 


.2^9 


'Maud  Rtmyon,  a  native  of  Fort  Buford,  Da- 
kota, and  twenty-one  years  of  age.  'Her  father 
was  M.  R.  Runyon,  a  mining  manV  and  Her 
mother  Mary  I.  (Radspiner)  Runyon.  Mrs. 
Overmyer's  grandfather,  John  M.  Runyon,  is 
over  eighty  years  of  age,  stout  and  hearty,  and 
her  great-grandmother,  Mrs.  Runyon,  is  now 
hving  in  Kentucky,  a  centenarian.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Over- 
myer,  Clara  Maud  and  Margaret  Angelica. 

Our  subject  has  two  hundred  acres  of  land, 
nearly  all  fenced,  substantial  residence,  barns 
and  plenty  of  water  for  irrigating  purposes.  He 
has  an  orchard  of  two  hundred  trees,  four  of 
which  came  from  his  father's  nursery  in  Ohio. 
He  is  proprietor  of  the  Santiago  mine,  near 
Hunters,  upon  which  there  are  about  thirty- 
three  thousand  dollars  worth  of  improvements. 
It  carries  gold  and  silver,  mainly  the  latter. 
One  thousand  tons  of  ore,  no\y  on  the  dump, 
will  average  ten  dollars  to  the  ton.  He  also 
controls  other  valuable  properties.  Coming 
here  with  no  capital,  he  is,  at  present,  one  of  the 
most  substantial  citizens » in  the  vicinity.  He 
owns  an  interest  in  the  People's  Telephone 
Company,  between  Sedonia  and  Hunters. 

Mr.  Overmyer  is  a  public  spirited,  enter- 
prising citizen,  and  one  who  has  won  the  con- 
fidence of  the  community  in  which  he  resides. 

Mr.  Overmyer  is  giving  considerable  at- 
tention to  raising  poultry,  having  ten  acres 
fenced  for  the  purpose,  two  large  modern  poul- 
try houses,  and  from  four  hundred  to  five  hun- 
dren  fowls.  He  is  the  most  extensive  poultry 
raiser  in  the  county. 


LEWIS  WALLACE  JENNINGS,  who  is 
now  living  a  retired  life  in  Hunters,  is  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  section  and  since 
1900  has  identified  his  interests  with  this  place. 
He  owns  one  of  the  most  tasty  and  comfortable 
residences  in  Hunters  and  has  an  abundance  of 
spring  water  piped  into  it  from  a  beautiful 
spring  up  the  mountain.  He  was  born  in 
Rolersville,  Ohio,  on  March  22,  1844,  the  son 
of  General  Lewis  and  Lorhama  (Holla way) 
Jennings.  The  father  was  a  general  in  the 
Mexican  war  and  William  Jennings  Bryan  is 
his  nephew.  He  lived  in  Ohio  until  1854  then 
came  to  Decatur  county,  Iowa,  where  he  died 
in  1870.    The  mother  was  a  native  of  Pontiac, 


Ohio,  and  died  when  our  subjject  was  fi\'e. 
Lew'is  wg.s  the  youngest  of  thirteen  children  and 
remained  with  his  father  until  July  16,-  1862, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twenty-sixth 
Iowa  Infantry,  being  sworn  in  at  Clinton.  .  He 
was  with  Sherman  and  was  soon  taken  sick 
and-  sent  liome  on  a  furlough.  When  able  to 
do  girard  duty  he  was  left  to  guard  Davenport, 
Iowa.  At  Vicksburg,  he  was  taken  captive 
and  in  the  fall  of  1863,  at  the  Black  river  in 
Mississippi,  he  was  discharged  on  account  of 
disability. 

On  February  22,  1864.  'Sir.  Jennings  mar- 
ried ]\Iiss  Alargaret.  daughter  of  William  -and 
Clista  (Barenger)  Inman.  She  was  born  in 
Ohio  on  February  18,  1845.  Twelve  children 
have  been  the  fruit  of  this  union :  William,  an 
engineer  in  Lewiston ;  Francis  N.  and  All^ert, 
farmers  near  Hunters;  Ada,  wife  of  C.  Da\''is, 
son  of  "Cashup"- Davis,  of  Whitman  county; 
Mary  B.,  wife  of  S.  Britton,  a  merchant  of  Wil- 
bur; Robert  Lee,  near  Hunters;  Amanda  de- 
ceased; Lulu,  wife  of  Theodore  McMeekin, 
near  Bissell;  Andrew,  of  Wilbur;  George  W., 
deceased;  James,  near  Hunters ;  Charles,,  at 
home.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jennings  were  married  in 
Sandusky  and  then  farmed  in  Iowa  until  1876. 
In  that  year  came  a  trip  via  San  Francisco 
and  Portland  to  Colfax,  Washington.  ■'  In 
Whitman  county,  Mr.  Jennings  farmed  and 
faced  the  Indians,  refusing  to  leave  his  home 
when  the  others  flocked  to  town.  He  continued 
there  with  good  success  until  1900,  when  he 
sold  and  removed  to  his  present  abode.  Mr. 
Jennings  has  the  distinction  of  building  the 
first  hotel  in  Pullman,  the  same  being  where  the 
Artesian  house  now  stands.  Mr.  Jennings  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  has  passed  the 
chairs.  ■ ; ' 


JAMES  HUNTER,  from  whom  the  village 
of  Hunters  is  named,  is  the  oldest  settler  on  the 
Columbia  between  Spokane  river  and  Rickey 
rapids,  thirty  miles  above  here.  He  is  a  real 
pioneer  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  and  is 'a 
man  -of  excellent  qualifications,  both  of  cour- 
age, and  physical  powers,  while  in  his  walk  he 
has  CA-er  manifested  sound  principles.  He  was 
born  in  Nova  Scotia,  on  July  27.  1829,  the  son 
of  James  and  Mary  (Hunter)  Hunter,  natives 
of  Scotland,  and  dying  in  1829  and  1850,  re- 
spectively.   James  never  saw  his  father  as  that 


26o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


personage  was  buried  three  montlis  before  this 
child  was  born.  In  his  native  place,  James  was 
educated  and  reared  and  in  1847  went  to  Bos- 
ton, thence  to  New  Bedford  and  there  shipped 
on  a  whaling  vessel.  He  sailed  the  seas  in  ever}' 
direction,  visited  various  ports  of  the  earth, 
saw  the  island  where  the  famous  Robinson 
Crusoe  was  stranded,  and  in  1850  came  through 
the  Golden  Gate  in  time  to  see  San  Francisco 
go  up  in  smoke.  He  worked  there  for  two 
years,  later  helped  to  catch  wild  horses  in  the 
San  Joaquin  valley  and  then  mined  in  Butte 
county.  He  also  followed  teaming  and  farm- 
ing some. 

In  i860,  Mr.  Hunter  married  Miss  Martha 
Cleveland,  in  Butte  county  and  to  them  were 
born  five  children  :  Mrs.  Mary  Slown,  deceased; 
Mrs.  Adelade  Williams,  of  Chico,  California ; 
Mrs.  Cora  Treger,  of  Hunters;  James  Wilbur, 
of  Hunters;  and  Mrs.  Helen  Brooks  of  Fruit- 
land.  In  1880,  Mr.  Hunter  came  to  his  present 
place,  locating  his  land  on  August  22,  1880. 
He  was  the  only  settler  within  thirty  miles  of 
this  place.  Three  other  men  came  with  him, 
packing  their  provisions  and  blankets  on  cay- 
uses  from  lake  Chelan,  but  he  was  the  only  one 
who  stayed.  He  had  twenty-five  dollars  and  a 
cayuse  and  thus  we  may  well  know  the  hard- 
ships endured,  the  arduous  labors  performed, 
and  the  real  stamina  required  to  stay  and  build 
a  home  in  this  wild  country.  All  goods  had  to 
be  freighted  a  hundred  and  more  miles  and 
only  Indians  were  to  be  seen  about.  Four  years 
after  locating  Mr.  Hunter's  wife  and  children 
came  to  him  and  on  April  26,  1895,  he  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  beloved  com- 
panion. 

On  January  7.  1899,  Mr.  Hunter  married 
Mrs.  Louisa  Fields.  By  her  first  marriage 
Mrs.  Hunter  has  one  child.  James  W.  Mann, 
of  North  Park.  Colorado.  By  her  second  hus- 
band, she  has  four.  David  R.  Fields,  of  Black- 
hawk,  Colorado;  Mrs.  Marv  E.  Doran  of  Lead- 
ville:  John  H.  Fields,  of  Blackhawk;  Mrs. 
Hattie  O'Leary,  of  this  county.  Mrs.  Hunter's 
father  and  mother,  Hiram  and  Susana  Carpen- 
ter, are  living  in  this  county,  the  former  aged 
eighty-one  and  the  latter  seventy-six,  both  be- 
ing hale  and  hearty.  Mr.  Hunter  has  twenty- 
two  grandchildren  and  his  wife  ten.  Mrs.  Hun- 
ter is  superintendent  of  the  union  Sunday 
school  and  is  a  worker  for  the  advancement  and 
upbuilding  of  the  cmninunity.     Mr.  Hunter  has 


a  good  farm,  well  improved  and  valuable.  He 
set  out  the  first  orchard  in  this  section  and  has 
always  been  progressive  and  active.  He  is  a 
stanch  Republican,  and  voted  for  Abraham  Lin- 
coln twice. 


RODERICK  D.  McRAE,  M.  D.,  needs  no 
introduction  to  the  people  of  western  Stevens 
county,  as  his  uprightness,  his  faithfulness  and 
his  ability  in  his  practice,  commend  him  to  an 
appreciative  public  and  although  he  has  not  en- 
joyed the  distinction  of  having  grown  gray  in 
the  practice  of  medicine  yet,  still  he  has  a  large 
practice  and  the  confidence  of  all.  He  was  born 
in  Glensandfield.  Ontario,  on  August  6,  1864. 
the  son  of  John  and  Anne  (McLeod)  McRae, 
natives  also  of  Ontario.  Our  subject  received 
the  benefit  of  the  world  renowned  schools  of 
Ontario.  His  mother  died  in  1864.  aged  twenty, 
and  the  father  died  in  the  same  year.  He  was 
born  in  1824.  Our  subject  was  an  only  child 
and  went  to  live  with  his  uncle,  Donald  McRae, 
after  the  loss  of  his  parents.  He  made  the  most 
of  the  excellent  training  in  educational  lines 
and  from  the  early  days  of  life  he  was  inclined 
toward  the  medical  profession.  He  availed 
himself  of  every  opportunity  to  receive  knowl- 
edge on  this  line  and  although  he  was  forced, 
as  many  of  the  worth}'  young  men  who  after- 
wards achieve  fame  and  fortune,  to  work  his 
own  way  along,  he  nevertheless  received  a  good 
course  at  the  medical  college  and  in  the  spring 
of  1890  he  came  to  Spokane  to  pursue  his 
studies  further  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  Theo- 
dore Coverton,  formerly  professor  of  sanitary 
science  and  hygiene  in  Trinity  Medical  College. 
Later  Dr.  McRae  was  with  Dr.  H.  J.  Whitney 
in  Davenport.  Having  successfully  passed  the 
state  examination,  our  subject  later  cime  to 
Hunters  and  opened  an  office.  He  located  here 
first  in  1896  and  since  that  time  has  been  con- 
stantly building  up  a  practice  which  is  large 
and  lucrative  at  the  present  time.  Dr.  McRac 
lives  in  the  village  of  Hunters,  where  he  owns 
an  acre  of  valuable  ground,  upon  which  he  has 
a  good  residence,  a  barn  and  also  an  office 
building  which  latter  is  so  arranged  that  it 
is  suitable  for  carrying  a  good  stock  of  drugs; 
the  doctor  handles  supplies  for  the  people  in 
connection  with  his  practice.  He  has  tele- 
phone connection  in  his  office  and  is  a  man  who 
keeps  abreast  of  the  advancing  science  of  medi- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


261 


cine.      Dr.    McRae    was    elected    coroner    of 
Stevens  county  in  1902. 

On  February  2,  1897.  Dr.  iMcRae  married 
Mrs.  Louise  (Peltier)  Brandamore.  Mrs. 
McRae  was  born  in  New  Orleans.  Dr.  McRae 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  W.  \V. 


PETER  J.  LANG  is  well  known  as  one  of 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  western  part  of 
Stevens  county,  and  also  as  a  man  whose  labors 
have  always  been  for  the  development  of  the 
country  and  its  upbuilding-,  especially  in  the 
educational  line.  He  has  a  good  place  of  one 
quarter  section,  nine  miles  southwest  from 
Fruitland,  which  is  improved  with  residence, 
barns,  orchards,  and  so  forth,  and  which  is  de- 
voted to  general  crops  and  the  support  of  stock. 
Peter  J.  Lang  was  born  in  Prussia,  Ger- 
many, on  September  15,  1856,  the  son  of  Kas- 
par  and  Gertrude  (Saners)  Lang,  also  natives 
of  Germany.  The  father's  father,  Nicholas 
Lang,  was  a  lieutenant  of  the  Guards  under 
Napoleon  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  He  served  from  early  manhood 
until  forty  in  the  military  and  four  of  his  five 
sons  followed  the  same  life.  Our  subject's 
father  turned  from  that  and  followed  civil  life. 
Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  New  York 
in  1869,  there  being  nine  children.  They  were 
all  soon  in  Blue  Earth  county,  Minnesota, 
where  the  father  farmed  and  our  subject  went 
to  clerking  in  a  store  and  during  school  season 
was  diligent  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  The 
result  was  that  he  was  well  educated.  He  was 
salesman  for  some  of  the  leading  merchants  in 
Mankato  and  then  taught  school.  His  father 
died  in  1900,  aged  eighty-three,  but  the  mother 
still  lives  there  aged  eiglity-three.  Our  subject 
has  eleven  brothers  and  sisters. 

In  Murray  county,  Minnesota,  on  Novem- 
ber 15,  1883,  Mr.  Lang  married  Miss  Lettie 
A.,  daughter  of  Charles  W.  and  Arizina 
(Hall)  Sargent.  The  father  was  born  in  Ver- 
mont, served  in  the  Civil  war  from  Minnesota 
and  is  still  living  in  that  state.  The  mother 
died  in  1873.  ^'^''S-  Lang  was  born  in  Plain- 
view,  Minnesota,  on  June  25,  1865.  Three 
days  following  his  marriage,  Mr.  Lang  started 
with  his  young  bride  to  the  west.  A  short  time 
was  spent  in  Spokane  and  then  they  came  direct 
to  his  present  place,  and  here  he  has  labored 


since.  He  taught  the  first  school  of  this  sec- 
tion, beginning  it  in  January,  1865.  When  they 
settled  here  his  finances  were  limited  and  he 
had  to  freight  his  supplies  from  Spokane.  But 
steady  labor  and  careful  management  have 
placed  him  in  prosperous  circumstances  and  he 
is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  community. 
Seven  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lang:  Orlie  N. ;  Arizina,  wife  of  Roscoe  Sher- 
wood, of  Lincoln  county ;  Georgia  A. ;  Marton 
E. ;  Clarence  E. ;  Eugene  B.,  and  Irene  C. 
Previous  to  her  marriage,  Mrs.  Lang  taught 
school. 


LOUIS  TROGER.  Among  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  the  Fruitland  country  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article, 
a  prosperous  farmer  and  stockman  living  about 
two  miles  northwest  from  Fruitland,  where  he 
has  a  half  section  of  land,  from  which  he  has 
made  a  good  success  in  the  years  of  his  labor 
here.  Louis  Troger  was  born  in  Iowa  county, 
Iowa,  on  October  16,  1854,  the  son  of  Andrew 
and  Catherine  Troger,  natives  of  Germany. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  in  1874,  in  company 
with  his  brother,  Henry,  set  out  for  the  west. 
They  landed  in  Plumas  county,  California,  and 
there  he  wrought  on  a  farm  until  1878,  when 
he  returned  to  Iowa  to  visit  his  parents.  The 
following  year  he  joined  his  brother  in  Cali- 
fornia and  in  1880  they  came  to  the  vicinit}'  of 
Wilbur,  it  being  then  in  Spokane  county.  At 
Davenport  there  was  but  one  small  house. 
The  brothers  settled  north  from  Wilbur  and 
there  wrought  farming  and  raising  stock  for 
two  years.  They  then  determined  to  explore 
the  country  of  the  Columbia  valley  farther 
north  and  in  their  journeyings  came  to  the 
place  where  our  subject  now  lives.  They  de- 
cided to  locate  and  he  took  a  homestead  as  did 
his  brother.  Since  then,  Mr.  Troger  has  added 
a  quarter  section  by  purchase  from  the  railroad 
and  he  now  has  a  fine  farm.  It  is  well  watered 
by  springs  and  wells  for  house  and  stock  pur- 
poses and  a  good  irrigating  ditch,  made  at  a 
large  cost,  brings  plenty  of  refreshment  to  the 
bounteous  crops  of  clover,  alfalfa,  timothy, 
corn,  and  so  forth  which  annually  reward  the 
well  bestowed  labors  of  our  subject.  He  has 
a  residence,  barn,  and  hay  sheds  erected,  be- 
sides various  other  improvements  and  is  one 


262 


HISTORY    OF  .NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  the  prospered  and  well-to-do  farmers  of 
this  section.  Mr.  Troger  had  but  little  financial 
capital  when  he  came  here  and  his  present 
gratifying  holding  is  the  result  of  his  excellent 
labors  and  wisdom.  He  has  never  seen  fit  to 
take  to  himself  a  wife,  and  is  numbered  with 
the  jolly  bachelors  of  the  community,  being  a 
good  citizen  and  respected  by  all. 


HENRT  M.  HADLEY  enjoys  the  distinc- 
tion of  being  born  on  the  Pacific  coast  and  is  a 
man  whose  life  has  entirely  thus  far  been  spent 
in  the  west.  He  looks  to  the  Umpqua  valley  as 
his  native  place  and  June  15,  1866  is  the  date 
of  his  birth.  His  parents,  Samuel  B.  and 
Emily  A.  (Hammond)  Hadley,  crossed  the 
plains  in  1851  and  settled  in  the  Umpqua  val- 
ley. The!  father  was  a  sturdy  pioneer  and 
fought  the  Indians,  did  packing,  later  went 
to  Yreka.  California  and  built  a  stone  hotel, 
which  is  still  standing,  and  finally  came  back  to 
Oregon.  In  1872  he  settled  in  Lake  county 
and  did  well  in  the  stock  business.  .  He  sold  out 
in  1879  and  engaged  in  merchandising  in  the 
Umpqua  valley.  Mrs.  Hadley  died  there  in 
1883.  and  Mr.  Hadley  not  being  so  successful 
as  before  times  sold  and  returned  to  Lake 
county  where  he  suffered  from  a  stroke  of  par- 
alysis and  died  in  1886.  Our  subject  shared 
the  fortunes  of  his  father  until  1885  and  that 
year  came  to  the  Colville  valley.  He  then 
wrought  in  Postfalls,  Idaho,  was  in  the  Big 
Bend  country,  riding  after  stock,  and  in  1896 
came  to  his  present  place,  about  two  miles 
southwest  from  Fruitland.  Here  he  owns  four 
hundred  acres  of  land,  half  timber  and  half 
agricultural  and  is  prospered  in  general  farm- 
ing and  in  raising  stock.  Among  considerable 
other  stock,  Mr.  Hadley  has  a  valuable  Clyde 
stallion  weighing  sixteen  hundred  pounds.  Mr. 
Hadley  came  to  this  section  with  depleted 
finances  and  has  by  his  skill,  industry  and  care- 
ful handling  of  the  resources  of  the  country 
came  to  be  one  of  the  prosperous  and  well  to  do 
men  of  the  county. 

On  July  4,  1891,  Mr.  Hadley  married  Miss 
Annie  L.,  daughter  of  Bayles  B.  and  Harriet 
Thorp.  The  wedding  occurred  at  Walla 
Walla.  Mrs.  Hadley  was  born  in  Washington, 
in  1876.  Her  father  died  in  North  Yakima  in 
1890.  but  her  mother  still  lives,  near  Daven- 


port. Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hadley,  Alice  F.,  Samuel  B.,  Dollie  A., 
Margret  L.,  and  Elsie. 


ALLEN  A.  BUCK  has  always  been  on  the 
frontier  and  now  that  Stevens  county  is  becom- 
ing one  of  the  old  and  wealthy  portions  of 
Washington,  he  is  entitled  to  enjoy  the  com- 
petence that  his  widely  bestowed  and  indus- 
trious efforts  have  accumulated.  He  was  born 
in  Warren  county,  Illinois,  on  January  29, 
1850.  the  son  of  Norman  and  Abigal  (An- 
drews) Buck.  The  father  was  born  near  Cleve- 
land, came  to  Illinois,  and  in  1850  crossed  the 
plains  with  teams.  His  father  served  in  the 
Revolution.  From  California  he  returned  to 
New  Orleans  via  Mexico,  thence  journeyed  up. 
the  Mississippi  to  his  home  and  fitted  out  a 
train  and  started  across  the  plains  from  Council 
Bluffs.  The  Indians  attacked  them  and  killed 
half  of  their  number,  destroyed  the  train  and 
left  the  remnant  to  be  picked  up  by  another 
train.  After  a  time  in  California  he  returned 
via  Fort  Benton  to  his  home.  During  the  war 
he  was  drafted,  but  not  being  inclined  to  shed 
blood  of  citizens,  he  turned  west  with  the  word 
that  he  preferred  to  fight  Indians.  With  his 
family,  wife,  subject,  and  another  son.  Murry 
D.,  he  crossed  the  plains,  settled  in  Oregon  and 
farmed  in  the  vicinity  of  Oregon  City  until  his 
death  in  1893.  The  mother  died  in  1870.  Our 
subject  left  home  in  1865,  came  to  The  Dalles 
and  in  1868  went  overland  to  St.  Louis.  Until 
1870  he  was  in  Denison.  Texas,  then  went  to 
his  old  home  in  Illinois.  On  January  21.  1876, 
he  married  Mary  A.  Gohlman,  in  Clinton 
county,  Iowa.  Her  parents,  Henry  M.  and 
Henrietta  (Brinkin)  Gohlman,  were  born  in 
Germany,  came  to  Clinton  county  and  there 
Mrs.  Buck  was  born  on  July  7,  1857.  She  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters.  Christina 
Watts,  Dora  Webels,  Hattie,  William,  Henry,. 
Martin,  Rudolph  and  John,  deceased.  Mrs. 
Buck's  parents  are  still  living  in  Iowa.  Mr., 
Buck  brought  his  wife  to  San  Francisco,  thence 
to  Portland,  and  later  to  Dayton,  Washington, 
where  he  established  the  first  livery  of  the 
town.  He  returned  to  Oregon  City  and  in. 
1884  went  back  to  Clinton  county.  He  rail- 
roaded in  Iowa  and  Nebraska  until  1888  and 
then  came  to  Harrington,  Washington.     Here 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


263 


he  depleted  his  finances  raising  wheat  for  sev- 
eral years  and  in  1895  came  to  his  present 
place,  six  miles  southwest  from  Fruitland, 
which  is  now  well  improved.  Mr.  Buck  de- 
votes himself  largely  to  raising  cattle.  He 
came  here  with  limited  means  and  is  now  one 
of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  section.  He  has 
a  beautiful  home  and  all  out  buildings  neces- 
sary and  an  air  of  thrift  permeates  the  entire 
premises.  Nine  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Buck:  Rex,  Murry  H.,  Charles,  Murl, 
N.,  Edith,  Allen,  Mark,  Carlton,  deceased, 
Abigal,  deceased.  Mr.  Buck's  maternal  grand- 
father was  born  in  Scotland  and  followed  the 
sea.  He  was  captain  of  a  vessel  wrecked  on 
Cuba  and  only  a  few  of  those  on  board  sur- 
vived. Later  he  settled  in  Warren  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  was  a  prominent  man  there. 


WILLIAM  S.  HATTON.  That  the  ca- 
reer of  this  venerable  and  esteemed  gentleman 
should  be  outlined  in  this  volume  is  most  fit- 
ting and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled 
thus  to  do.  He  was  born  in  Lawrence  county, 
Kentucky,  on  April  2.  1821,  the  son  of  Jonah 
and  Margranet  (Wallace)  Hatton.  The  father 
was  born  in  Londoun  county,  Virginia,  in  1781. 
The  mother's  father,  David  Wallace,  entered 
the  conflict  for  independence  as  a  private  and 
was  soon  commissioned  as  captain  and  served 
for  seven  and  one-half  years.  He  was  given 
two  thousand  six  hundred  acres  of  land  by  the 
government  for  these  services,  the  same  being 
located  in  Ohio.  He  granted  his  daughter,  our 
subject's  mother,  five  hundred  acres  and  she 
and  her  husband  came  thither  to  dwell  in  1822. 
A  decade  later  they  went  to  Tippecanoe  county, 
Indiana  and  in  1836  they  removed  to  Muscatine 
county,  Iowa.  Our  subject  received  his  educa- 
tion in  these  various  places  and  in  1837  entered 
as  apprentice  to  learn  carpentering.  This  has 
been  largely  his  occupation  since  those  days, 
albeit  he  has  also  done  various  other  things 
as  well. 

In  Muscatine  county,  Iowa,  our  subject 
married,  on  January  i,  1845,  ^I'ss  Sarah  John- 
son, who  was  born  in  Fulton  county,  Indiana, 
on  October  16,  1827.  Her  parents  were 
Friend  and  Nancy  (Lindsy)  Johnson.  The 
father  was  a  gunsmith  and  served  the  govern- 
ment in  that  capacity  for  seven  years.     Our 


subject  owned  a  farm  in  Iowa  but  gave  most  o£ 
his  attention  to  his  trade.  On  May  11,  1852, 
he  started  with  his  family  and  his  father,  his 
mother  having  died  in  1846,  across  the  plains 
with  teams.  The  father  stood  the  journey  well 
until  the  cholera  came  and  he  ceased  the 
struggle  on  Burnt  river  in  eastern  Oregon.  Mr. 
Hatton,  his  wife,  and  two  children  landed 
where  Vancouver  now  is,  on  October  26,  and 
soon  had  located.  He  built  the  first  hotel  in 
Vancouver  and  assisted  the  government  to 
erect  the  first  fort  there.  In  i860  his  wife  was 
called  from  the  walks  of  this  earth  and  he  was 
forced  to  take  up  the  burdens  alone,  having  a 
family  of  children  to  care  for.  He  engaged  in 
freighting  and  pulled  the  first  load  of  drygoods 
into  Lewiston,  which  was  then  two  tents.  He 
took  the  first  kit  of  carpenter  tools  there  and 
wrought  and  was  in  the  Pierce  excitement.  By 
his  first  wife  Mr.  Hatton  had  the  following 
children :  Jonah,  in  LTmatilla  county,  Oregon ; 
William  D.,  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington; 
Mrs.  Nancy  E.  Terwilliger,  of  Pasadena,  Cali- 
fornia; Alonzo  E.,  in  Lincoln  county;  Mrs. 
Harriet  D.  Hadley,  also  in  Lincoln  county. 

On  November  25,  1862,  Mr.  Hatton  mar- 
ried a  second  time,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Reynard) 
Yucust  becoming  his  wife  then.  By  her  first 
husband,  Mrs.  Hatton  has  two  children,  Mrs. 
Alice  Whipple,  and  Charlie  Yucust.  Mrs.  Hat- 
ton was  born  in  Pike  county,  Ohio,  in  1832, 
the  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Julette  (Peterson) 
Reynard.  The  father  died  when  this  daughter 
was  a  child  and  the  mother  was  called  hence  at 
Los  Angeles,  California.  Mrs.  Hatton  crossed 
the  plains -^vith  her  first  husband  in  1852  and 
settled  in  Portland.  In  1864  Mr.  Hatton  sold 
his  farm  and  bought  and  operated  the  old 
Hudson's  Bay  fishery.  In  1868  he  sold  that 
and  went  to  Yakima,  being  one  of  the  first  there, 
where  also  he  built  a  sawmill.  In  1871,  he  set- 
tled near  Spangle  and  later  went  below  Colfax, 
where  he  did  stock  raising.  Mr.  Hatton  partici- 
pated in  the  Indian  wars  of  the  time  and  was 
always  ready  for  any  emergency.  In  1890  Mr. 
Hatton  removed  to  Lincoln  county  and  in  July. 
1902,  he  came  to  his  present  place,  nine  miles 
southwest  from  Fruitland.  He  has  a  quarter 
section  of  good  land,  well  improved,  and 
handled  in  a  becoming  manner.  By  his  second 
marriage,  Mr.  Hatton  has  three  children :  Mrs. 
Julette  Crane,  who  died  in  Spokane,  on  March 
15,  1903;  Frank  B.,  and  Mrs.  Nellie  M.  Car- 


264 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


penter,  near  Fruitland.  Mr.  Hatton's  grand- 
father lived  to  be  one  hundred  and  eleven  years 
old  and  was  the  father  of  ten  boys  and  one  girl, 
all  of  whom  grew  up  and  were  married.  Our 
subject's  father  had  eight  girls  and  one  boy, 
all  of  whom  grew  up.  Our  subject  has  ten 
children,  all  of  whom  grew  up.  Thus  the  three 
generations  were  thirty,  all  of  whom  grew  to 
maturity. 


WILLIAM  W.  KING  resides  about  f^ve 
miles  southwest  from  Fruitland  on  an  estate  of 
one-half  section,  which  is  well  improved  with 
residence  and  other  buildings,  besides  fences, 
orchards  and  so  forth.  He  was  born  in  Jack- 
son county.  Iowa,  on  December  7,  1869,  the  son 
of  Benjamin  and  Maggie  A.  (Dupuy)  King, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Iowa,  respectively. 
The  father  came  to  Iowa  in  early  days,  enlisted 
in  the  Second  Iowa  Cavalry  and  served  from 
1861  to  1864  and  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge, having  been  under  Sherman  and  others. 
He  was  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes. 
He  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  is 
dwelling  at  Davenport,  aged  sixty-five.  The 
mother  died  in  Davenport,  on  April  22,  1899. 
In  1870,  the  family  removed  from  Iowa  to 
Jewell  county,  Kansas,  where  the  father  en- 
tered land.  For  some  years  they  lived  in  a  sod 
house  with  buffalo  skins  for  roof.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  the  'eighties  they  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  then  to  Colorado  and  in  1884  came  to 
Pendleton.  They  made  these  journeys  by 
team  and  one  faithful  horse  served  from  Iowa 
to  Pendleton.  In  1886  settlement  was  made  in 
Davenport.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Elmer  E..  Clara  C. 
Bryant,  David  D.,  Alva  A.  and  Alma  A., 
twins,  born  July  4,  1876,  centennial  day.  and 
Arthur.  In  1890,  our  subject  started  out  for 
himself  and  for  a  time  lived  in  the  vicinity  of 
Davenport.  In  1893  '^^  came  to  his  present 
location.  Here  he  took  a  homestead  and  now 
has  a  half  section. 

On  March  4.  1891,  Mr.  King  married  Miss 
Grace  E.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Hannah 
(Lebo)  Phar,  born  in  Evansville,  Indiana,  on 
November  2,  1830  and  in  Iowa,  on  July  17. 
1841,  respectively.  Mrs.  King  was  born  in 
Columbia  county,  Washington,  on  August  14, 
1873  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters. 
Isaac  E.,  Mrs.  May  Owen.  Mrs.  Talitha  Lamb. 


John,  Mrs.  Unicy  McNew,  William.  Mr.  Phar 
came  via  the  isthmus,  walking  across  that  strip, 
to  California  and  mined  and  in  1856  tought  In- 
dions.  He  came  to  Oregon,  married  and  in 
1866  located  near  Dayton,  Washington.  In 
1 88 1,  they  came  to  Davenport,  where  the 
father  died  May  15,  1899.  Mrs.  Phar  came 
across  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  1845  ^"d 
her  father.  Isaac  Lelx),  was  the  first  settler  on 
French  prairie  in  the  Willamette  valley.  He 
opened  the  first  store  in  Oregon  City,  the  first 
in  Salem,  and  operated  the  first  ferry  across 
the  river,  which  is  still  known  as  Lebo's  ferry. 
He  died  on  the  old  homestead  on  May  13,  1899, 
aged  eighty-six.  and  his  widow  passed  away  on 
September  18,  1901.  aged  eighty-four.  Mrs. 
Lebo  was  a  granddaughter  of  Betsy  Boone,  a 
sister  of  Daniel  Boone.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  King 
have  one  child.  W^illiam  H.,  born  January  11, 
1893. 


ENOCH  JOHN  REYNOLDS  is  now  one 
of  the  retired  business  men  of  Colville,  and  is  a 
venerable  and  beloved  citizen  known  and  highly 
esteemed  by  all.  He  was  born  in  Murray, 
Ontario,  on  July  12,  1816  the  son  of  Jesse  and 
Mary  Reynolds,  natives  of  Germany  and 
America,  respectively.  They  came  to  Canada 
when  very  young  and  there  passed  the  balance 
of  their  days.  The  father  was  a  sergeant  in  the 
noted  Glengary  regiment.  John  received  his 
education  from  the  excellent  schools  of  Ontario 
and  when  twenty-two  went  to  Montreal.  There 
and  in  other  ports  he  was  engaged  until  1853 
when  he  came  to  the  Lhiited  States.  In  Janu- 
ary. 1863.  he  enlisted  under  Captain  Wright 
and  General  Thomas  and  served  •with  one 
brother,  three  sons,  and  one  son-in-law  until 
the  conflict  was  over.  The  brother  was  killed 
at  Lookout  Mountain.  Following  the  war,  Mr. 
Reynolds  went  to  Michigan  and  did  general 
mercandising  until  1870.  Then  he  transferred 
his  business  to  Chicago  but  later  returned  to 
Michigan  and  embarked  in  the  coal  and  wood 
business.  Eight  years  were  spent  at  that  when 
he  sold  out  and  bought  property  in  Jackson. 
In  1878  Mr  Reynolds  came  to  Stevens  county 
and  bought  a  farm,  which  he  operated  for  some 
time,  then  took  up  general  merchandising  in 
Marcus.  In  1896  he  sold  his  business  and  now, 
as  the  golden  davs  of  his  vears  are  beginning  to 


E,  JOHN    REYNOLDS. 


MOSES    C,   PELTIER. 


NORBERT    DUPUIS. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


265 


run  apace  he  is  enjoying-  his  well  earned  com- 
petence in  a  life  of  quiet  retirement. 

In  1839  Mr.  Reynolds  married  Miss  Nancy 
Lovit,  and  tc  them  seven  children  were  born, — 
Sarah,  Hattie,  Edgar,  Danile  N.,  William 
George  and  Bartlett  J.  In  1896  Mr.  Reynolds 
was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  beloved 
wife.  On  June  15.  1897,  Mr.  Reynolds  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Emily  French,  a  widow  of  A.  J. 
French,  and  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry  and  Kath- 
erine  (Williams)  Jones,  natives  of  New  York 
city.  Mrs.  Reynolds  was  reared  in  New  York 
and  Illinois.  Her  father  practiced  medicine  in 
Jacksonville,  Illinois,  for  fifty  years.  She  was 
one  of  twelve  children  and  had  two  brothers 
killed  in  the  Civil  war,  William  and  Erastus. 
She  came  west  to  Stevens  county  in  1893  ^^'itli 
her  husband,  who  died  in  1896.  Mrs.  Reynolds 
has  two  sisters  living,  Julia,  wife  of  Dr.  Robins, 
and  Louisa  Jones.  Mrs.  Reynolds  is  a  member 
of  the  Congregational  church.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Reynolds  have  the  confidence,  good  will  and 
esteem  of  all  the  communitv. 


NATHAN  B.  FRY.  In  at  least  two  voca- 
tions has  the  subject  of  this  article  gained  suc- 
cess. In  the  industrial  world  he  pays  attention 
to  freighting  and  farming  and  in  addition  to 
this  he  is  an  active  worker  in  dispensing  the 
gospel.  Mr.  Fry  owns  property  in  Colville 
where  he  is  erecting  a  Universalist  church.  In 
addition  to  this  he  owns  a  farm  northeast  of 
town  and  is  improving  it  in  a  good  manner. 

Nathan  B.  Fry  was  born  in  Cortland 
county.  New  York  on  April  12,  1834;  the  son 
of  Olney  and  Celinda  (Bennet)  Fry,  natives  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  descendants  of  the  early 
English  colonists.  They  lived  fourteen  years 
in  New  York  and  in  1836  moved  to  Illinois, 
remaining  there  until  1849;  '"  the  year  last 
mentioned  they  crossed  the  plains  with  a  family 
of  eleven  children.  Settlement  was  made  in 
Marion  county  and  later  they  moved  to  Linn 
county,  where  the  mother  died  in  1859,  and  the 
father  in  1894,  he  being  ninety-two  years  old. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Illinois  and  Ore- 
gon and  is  the  eleventh  of  seventeen  children. 
\\n:en  he  had  reached  his  majority  he  took  a 
homestead  and  devoted  his  attention  to  improv- 
ing that  and  gaining  further  and  higher  educa- 
tion.     Mr.    Fry   has   also   gi\-en   attention    to 


teaching  and  during  his  entire  life  he  has  been 
a  man  of  an  active  and  powerful  mind.  He 
remained  in  Oregon  on  his  farm  until  1891  and 
then  removed  to  his  present  home  place.  In 
1883  Mr.  Fry  believed  he  was  called  to  the  min- 
istry and  siiice  that  time  he  has  been  devoting 
himself  to  this  calling  together  with  his  other 
business. 

In  April,  1868,  Mr.  Fry  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  I'.,  daughter  of  Creed  and  Nancy 
(Lane)  Biggers,  natives  of  Missouri.  To  this 
marriage  have  been  born  ten  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Richard  B.,  in  Oregon;  Elva  V.,  de- 
ceased, leaving  two  sons;  Minnie,  deceased, 
leaving  three  children  :  Elbert  L.,  living  in  Col- 
ville ;  George,  in  Linn  county,  Oregon ;  Nathan 
L.,  deceased;  Alma,  in  Oregon;  Viola,  wife  of 
Ernest  Jones,  in  Colville:  Leslie,  in  Lebanon, 
Oregon  and  Vern  Z.  Mr.  Fry  is  an  active 
Democrat  and  always  takes  a  keen  interest  in 
forwarding  those  measures  which  are  for  the 
welfare  of  all  and  in  building  up  the  country 
and  in  advancing  the  morals  of  the  community. 

Mr.  Fry  took  an  active  part  in  the  wars 
with  the  Indians  in  1855-6.  For  this  service, 
the  government  is  now  reimbursing  him  by  a 
pension.  The  state  of  Oregon  allowed  him  two 
dollars  per  day  for  all  active  service,  which 
amount  he  recently  recei\'ed. 


MOSES  C.  PELTIER  is  to  be  mentioned 
as  one  of  the  leading  men  of  western  Stevens 
county.  He  pioneered  this  country  in  the  eigh- 
ties and  located  where  Fruitland  now  is.  with 
very  limited  means.  He  erected  a  log  cabin 
on  his  homestead  and  went  to  selling  mer- 
chandise from  a  wagon  in  this  and  adjoining 
sections.  His  stock  consisted  of  fifty  dollars 
worth  of  goods  and  from  that  day  to  the  pres- 
ent, Mr.  Peltier  has  been  a  leader  in  business 
lines.  Soon  he  succeeded  in  placing  a  small 
stock  of  goods  on  his  farm,  secured  the  post- 
office  and  named  it  Fruitland,  and  opened  in 
business.  He  always  used  the  best  of  wisdom 
to  select  the  stock  needed  for  the  trade  and  as 
the  country  settled  up,  Mr.  Peltier  increased  his 
goods  and  to-day  he  has  a  fine  large  stock  of 
all  kinds  of  general  merchandise  and  farm  im- 
plements and  owns  a  commodious  store,  good 
residence,  feed  barn,  blacksmith  and  carpenter 
shops,  besides  various  warehouses,  all  large  and 


266 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


well  stored  with  goods  and  machinery.  Mr. 
Pehier  has  always  labored  faithfully  for  the 
up-building  of  this  country  and  has  done  a 
grand  work  in  bringing  the  place  to  the  front. 
He  also  does  a  hotel  business  and  has  a  good 
feed  barn.  Mr.  Peltier  supplies  much  of  the 
produce  needed  in  these  enterprises  from  his 
own  farm  and  handles  much  from  the  sur- 
rounding country. 

Referring  more  to  the  personal  detail  of  his 
career  we  note  that  Moses  C.  Peltier  was  bo/n 
in  St.  Roch,  Canada,  on  September  26,  1833, 
the  son  of  Isaac  and  Aurelia  (  Rochelau)  Pel- 
tier,, natives  of  the  same  place.  They  are  of 
French  extraction  and  the  father  was  a  shoe- 
maker. Our  subject  was  favored  with  an  ex- 
cellent education  and  then  worked  in  a  store. 
In  1854  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  until 
i860  was  in  Faribault,  Minnesota.  There,  on 
June  26,  1859,  he  married  Miss  Marguerite  C, 
daughter  of  Simon  and  Theotiste  (Mauge) 
Larose.  The  mother  died  in  Quebec  and  this 
daughter  came  to  the  United  States  with  her 
father  and  dwelt  in  Faribault.  She  was  born 
at  Varennes  on  the  St.  Lawrence  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  on  April  10,  184 1.  In  i860, 
Mr.  Peltier  was  assistant  postmaster  under 
state  saiator  George  H.  Skinner,  and  that 
year  he  started  with  his  young  bride  to  the 
coast.  At  Omaha  they  fell  in  with  other  emi- 
grants and  together  they  travelled  to  Placer- 
ville.  For  a  time  Mr.  Peltier  mined  and  then 
went  to  Nevada  where  he  remained  until  1884. 
Then  came  a  journey  to  Pendleton,  later  an- 
other to  Spokane,  and  in  1886  he  settled  on  his 
present  place.  Since  then  we  have  outlined  nis 
career,  but  ir  remains  to  he  said  that  in  all  this 
time  Mr.  Peltier  has  so  conducted  himself  that 
he  has  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all. 
This  worth}'  couple  have  no  children  but  have 
raised  three  orphans,  the  children  of  Elvi  N. 
Peltier,  and  named  as  follows :  Mrs.  Regina 
Pijeon,  in  Humboldt  county,  California;  Mrs. 
Louisa  A.  McRea,  whose  husband  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Fruitland;  Wilfred  J.,  a  farmer  near 
Fruitland. 

By  way  of  reminiscence,  it  is  interesting  to 
note  that  Mr.  Peltier  ])aid  four  hundred  dollars 
per  thousand  for  lumber  and  fifty  dollars  per 
sack  for  flour  in  Nevada.  He  has  made  several 
fortunes  but  lost  heavily  in  different  ventures 
and  is  now  handling  a  large  and  lucrative  bus- 
iness. 


NORBERT  DUPUIS.  Who,  but  those 
experiencing  them,  will  ever  understand  the 
hardships,  the  dangers  and  the  trying  and  ardu- 
ous labors  that  were  performed  by  those  who 
opened  this  country  for  civilization?  Without 
doubt  the  subject  of  this  brief  review  is  one  of 
the  worthy  men  in  this  commendable  labor  and 
as  such  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  grant  him 
recognition  in  the  volume  that  recounts  the  his- 
tory of  Stevens  county. 

Norbert  Dupuis  was  born  in  Montreal, 
Canada,  on  December  3,  1830.  the  son  of 
Exebia  and  Flavia  (Demars)  Dupuis,  natives 
of  Canada,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  Our  subject  was  raised  on  the  frontier 
and  he  is  a  thorough  student  of  nature.  His 
education  consisted  in  understanding  how  to 
cope  with  the  forces  and  resources  of  nature 
rather  than  technical  knowledge  from  the 
printed  page.  The  result  was  that  Mr.  Dupuis 
is  and  has  been  a  very  practical  man.  In  1851 
he  came  to  the  United  States  and  located  in 
Wisconsin.  One  year  later  we  find  him  in  St. 
Louis,  engaging  himself  with  the  American 
Fur  Company  for  which  institution  he  labored 
for  three  years  through  the  Dakotas  and  Mon- 
tana. In  1855  '1^  came  west  with  Governor 
Stevens  to  Walla  Walla,  then  went  to  Van- 
couver and  packed  for  the  government  for  two 
years.  In  1857  he  came  to  Stevens  county 
mining,  which  work  continued  until  1865  and 
was  followed  all  over  Washington,  British  Col- 
umbia, and  Montana.  Finally  in  1866,  he  set- 
tled on  a  piece  of  land  about  three  miles  north 
of  where  Chewelah  now  stands.  He  has  a  good 
farm  which  produces  annually  gratifying  divi- 
dends, and  in  addition  to  handling  it  in  a  skill- 
ful manner,  he  raises  a  good  deal  of  stock. 

In  1865,  Mr.  Dupuis  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth McCloud.  Mrs.  Dupuis'  father  was  Don- 
ald McCloud,  a  native  of  Scotland  and  her 
mother  was  a  native  of  Washington.  They 
were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  eleven  of 
whom  are  now  living.  To  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs. 
Dupuis  the  following  named  children  have  been 
born :  Orson,  Frank.  Aggie  Clairmont,  Jacob, 
Rose,  Green,  James,  Alexander,  Viotel,  Maggie 
and  Addie.  In  September,  1891,  Airs.  Dupuis 
was  called  to  lay  down  the  burdens  of  life  and 
participate  in  the  scenes  of  the  world  l^eyond. 
She  had  been  a  devout  member  of  the  Catholic 
church  to  which  the  rest  of  the  family  are  ad- 
herents.   Mr.  Dupuis  is  an  active  Republican 


I 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


267 


and  always  interested  in  upbuilding  and 
progress. 

By  way  of  reminiscence,  Mr.  Dupuis  states 
that  in  early  times,  before  the  government 
troops  came  in,  it  was  almost  impossible  to 
make  any  headway  in  raising  stock,  as  the  In- 
dians stole  them  as  fast  as  the  settlers  could 
raise  them. 

On  one  occasion,  Mr.  Dupuis  and  seven 
companions  were  caught  away  from  provisions 
in  the  wilds  and  were  obliged  to  subsist  on  one 
coyote  and  one  crow  for  nine  days.  These 
were  some  of  the  hardships  endured  by  the 
sturdy  pioneers  who  have  given  us  this  re- 
sourceful country. 


HENRY  TROGER  is  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  Hunters  country  in  Stevens  county,  hav- 
ing come  here  on  an  anniversary  of  his  birth- 
day, August  27,.  1882.  His  fine  estate  of  one 
section  of  land  lies  about  two  miles  southwest 
from  Hunters  and  is  a  first  class  place.  He  set- 
tled on  a  quarter  section,  and  had  but  little 
means  besfdes  a  team  and  wagon.  Since  then 
he  has  continued  here  with  industry  and  close 
attention  to  business  and  has  now  a  large  es- 
tate, well  improved  with  large  eight  room 
house,  two  commodious  barns,  irrigating  ditch, 
plenty  of  fencing  and  so  forth.  He  handles 
about  one  hundred  acres  to  timothy  and  alfalfa, 
corn  and  other  crops  and  is  a  prosperous 
man. 

Henry  Troger  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  August  2t,.  185 i. 
the  son  of  Andrew  and  Catherine  Troger,  na- 
tives of  Germany.  They  came  to  this  country 
Vi'hen  young,  married  in  Pennsylvania  and  later 
came  to  Iowa  county,  Iowa,  where  our  subject 
grew  up  and  was  educated.  In  1874,  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother,  Louis,  he  went  to  Plumas 
county,  California  and  there  wrought  for  wages 
for  six  years.  In  1880,  they  came  to  Lincoln 
county,  before  Wilbur  was  located,  and  then 
journeyed  on  to  the  present  place.  Here  loca- 
tion was  made  and  here  has  been  the  scene  of 
his  labors  since.  Few  settlers  were  abo\-e  the 
mouth  of  the  Spokane  in  this  section. 

On  September  29,  1886,  Mr.  Troger  mar- 
r-ed  Miss  Cora,  daughter  of  James  and  Martha 
(Cleveland)  Hunter,  among  the  very  first  set- 
lers  of  this  part  of  Stevens  county.     Mrs.  Tro- 


ger was  born  in  California.  Five  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union,  Carl  A..  Bessie  A., 
Neil  R.,  Alma  H.,  Henry  I.  Mr.  Troger  takes 
a  keen  interest  in  local  matters  and  especially 
in  educational  affairs.  His  father  died  in  Iowa 
recently  but  the  mother  still  lives  there. 


DANIEL  HOUSE  is  one  of  the  sturdy 
men  whose  labors  in  Stevens  county  have  re- 
sulted in  great  good  in  opening  the  country, 
while  he  has  always  manifested  an  '.iprightness 
in  his  walk  quite  commendable.  His  labors 
have  been  rewarded,  as  is  fitting,  in  the  posses- 
sion now  of  a  good  home  place  of  one  quarter 
section  of  good  land,  mostly  irrigated,  which  is 
well  improved,  while  his  comfortable  residence 
of  eleven  rooms,  with  other  buildings,  mani- 
fests the  results  of  good  taste  and  thrift.  Dan- 
iel House  was  born  on  July  10,  1846,  in  the 
province  of  Baden,  Germany,  his  introduction 
to  life  being  close  where  rolls  the  Rhine.  His 
parents,  John  and  Magdalene  House,  were 
born  there  also  in  1794  and  1805,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  December,  1846.  On  New 
Year's  day,  185 1,  the  mother,  with  our  subject, 
his  brother  and  five  sisters,  landed  in  New 
York.  They  immediately  took  teams  to  make 
their  way  over  the  mountains  to  Pittsburg. 
This  was  an  hazardous  undertaking  in  the  dead 
of  winter  and  three  of  the  train  perished  in  the 
cold.  Three  sisters  of  our  subject  were  badly 
frozen  but  did  not  perish.  In  the  spring  fol- 
lowing they  all  came  to  Mooresville,  Morgan 
county,  Indiana,  and  five  years  later  thence  to 
Iowa.  In  1858,  our  subject  and  his  mother 
came  to  Burt  county,  Nebraska  where  he  en- 
tered a  homestead.  There,  on  July  20,  1871, 
he  married  Miss  Jane  C.  Jensen,  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Norway.  In  1880  Mrs.  House, 
the  mother  of  our  subject,  was  called  to  rest. 
The  home  continued  to  be  in  Nebraska  until 
1888,  when  they  came  to  Forest  Centre,  Ste- 
vens county  and  remained  there  until  1893, 
when  a  move  was  made  to  the  present  place. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  House  have  displayed  commend- 
able zeal  and  close  attention  to  their  labors  here 
and  have  been  rewarded  with  the  competence 
that  is  fitting.  They  are  the  parents  of  fifteen 
children,  eleven  of  whom  are  living  named  as 
follows:  Nellie,  wife  of  William  Carpenter,  of 
Hunters;  Annie,  wife  of  James  Steele;  Mary, 


268 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


wife  of  August  Hunt ;  Edward ;  Charlie ;  John ; 
Bertha;  Ralph;  Dollie;  Minnie  and  Daniel. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  House  are  devoted  members  of 
the  Seventh  Day  Adventist  church. 


ALBERT  F.  ALLISON.  It  is  ever  a 
pleasure  to  be  privileged  to  recount,  even 
though  in  brief,  the  details  of  the  careers  of  the 
early  pioneers,  whose  labors  have  resulted  in 
such  rich  legacies  to  those  who  came  afterward 
to  these  now  wealthy  countries.  Prominent 
among  those  who  deserve  credit  for  pioneer 
labor  in  western  Stevens  county  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  th-s  article, 
who  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  upright  young 
men  of  the  vicinity  of  Fruitland.  Albert  F. 
Allison  was  born  in  Sutter  county,  California, 
on  April  4,  1872,  the  son  of  James  N.  and 
Nellie  L.  Allison,  mentioned  in  this  work. 
With  his  parents  he  went  to  Humboldt  county 
and  in  1882  came  with  them  overland  to  Fort 
Spokane.  Thence  they  made  their  way  after 
exploration  to  their  present  home  place,  three 
miles  east  from  Fruitland.  Our  subject  re- 
mained with  his  parents  on  the  home  ranch 
and  in  handling  stock  and  in  freighting.  He 
was  ever  manifesting  industry  and  when  man- 
hood's estate  came  he  secured  his  present  place 
of  one  quarter  section  three  miles  east  from 
Fruitland,  where  he  does  general  farming  and 
raises  cattle. 

On  December  25.  1894.  Mr.  Allison  mar- 
ried Miss  Addie  L..  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Lois  Bennett.  The  father  came  to  this  country 
in  1884.  Mr.  Allison  has  a  thorough  acquain- 
tance with  this  country  and  has  done  good  work 
in  assisting  to  develop  and  open  it  to  civiliza- 
tion. He  is  of  excellent  standing  in  the  com- 
munity and  manifests  real  worth  of  character. 


DANIEL  D.  LAYTON  is  one  of  Wash- 
ington's pioneers  and  well  he  has  sustained  that 
character  in  his  good  labors  in  the  past  quar- 
ter of  a  century  here.  He  was  born  in  Craw- 
ford county.  Pennsylvania,  on  September  11, 
1848,  the  son  of  Hiram  and  Julia  (Mahonia) 
Layton,  natives,  respectively,  of  Connecticut 
and  Ireland.  The  father  was  a  shoemaker  and 
bought    the    old    tannery    that    was    formerly 


owned  by  John  Brown  of  national  fame,  and 
that  was  the  place  of  the  birth  of  our  subject. 
Daniel  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  until 
fourteen  and  then  went  into  the  oil  regions 
above  Pittsburg.  In  1865,  he  came  to  Cleve- 
land and  with  two  others  started  with  teams  to 
Iowa.  Later  he  travelled  to  Omaha  and  in  Ne- 
braska, Dakota,  and  Iowa  he  was  engaged 
variously  until  1874  when  he  came  to  San 
Francisco.  Next  we  see  him  logging  in  Lake 
county  and  in  the  centennial  year  he  was  in 
Victoria  and  the  Eraser  river  country.  Later 
he  explored  the  regions  about  Sitka,  returned 
to  California,  came  back  to  The  Dalles,  and  in 
1878  came  to  Spokane  and  located  at  Medical 
lake  before  there  was  a  town  there.  He  put 
in  a  sawmill  and  later  built  a  hotel  in  Sprague. 
He,  with  Bishop  and  Brower,  first  brought  out 
the  famous  Medical  lake  salts.  Next  we  see 
Mr.  Layton  erecting  a  sawmill  at  the  mouth 
of  Hawk  creek  on  the  Columbia,  where  he 
operated  continually,  with  the  exception  of  four 
years  spent  in  ranching  and  raising  stock,  until 
1901.  In  that  year  Mr.  Layton  removed  the 
plant  to  the  mouth  of  Oro  Potham  creek,  on  the 
Columbia,  where  he  is  engaged  at  the  present. 
The  mill  cuts  about  ten  thousand  feet  per  day 
and  is  equipped  with  planer  and  so  forth  to 
turn  out  all  finished  products  needed.  The 
steamboat  lines  have  established  a  landing  at 
his  mill  and  a  store  and  postoffice  will  be  lo- 
cated there  in  a  short  time.  The  town  is  in  an 
embryonic  stage  but  it  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the 
good  points  of  the  county. 


DEWEY  H.  DUNHAM.  Although  the 
subject  of  this  biographical  mention  came  to 
this  section  of  western  Stevens  county  a  few 
years  since  with  but  very  limited  means,  he  has 
so  manipulated  tlie  resources  placed  in  his  hands 
that  at  the  present  time  he  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous men  of  the  section.  He  has  a  good 
farm  five  miles  northeast  from  Fruitland, 
which  is  supplied  with  two  dwellings,  two 
large  barns,  good  fences,  orchards  and  so  forth, 
and  produces  annually  good  returns  in  crops. 
From  the  first  years  of  coming  here,  Mr.  Dun- 
ham started  a  dairy  with  cattle  he  took  to  win- 
ter and  the  first  year  he  made  enough  on  the 
milk  sold  to  the  Deer  Trail  mines  to  buy  his 
cows.    Two  years  since  he  was  forced  to  aban- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


269 


don  this  occupation  as  his  heaUh  was  faihng. 
Since  he  has  devoted  himself  to  general  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising. 

Dewey  H.  Dunham  was  born  in  Butler 
county.  Iowa,  on  March  21,  1871,  the  son  of 
Isaac  K.  and  Lucy  M.  (Coffin)  Dunham.  The 
father  was  born  in  Vermont,  seventy-eight 
years  ago  and  the  mother  first  saw  the  light  in 
Wisconsin,  sixty-seven  years  since.  Their 
marriage  occurred  when  she  was  seventeen  and 
eight  children  were  born  to  them,  Luellen, 
Henrietta,  Melvin,  Edwin  R.,  Hattie  Wells, 
all  deceased.  Minnie,  and  Dewey  H.,  our  sub- 
ject. The  father  was  a  carpenter  and  wrought 
for  the  government  during  the  Civil  War.  The 
family  lived  in  Butler  county,  Iowa,  and  in 
various  places  in  Kansas.  In  1892  the  father 
brought  them  to  Seattle  whither  our  subject 
and  his  brother,  Edwin,  had  previoush'  come. 
In  1897  Edwin  started  to  Alaska  and  the 
steamer  with  all  on  lx)ard  have  never  been 
heard  from.  Our  subject  landed  in  Seattle 
with  fifty  cents  but  plenty  of  stamina  and  grit. 
Soon  he  was  at  work  and  later  did  contracting 
but  was  unfortunate  to  lose  all  and  in  1894,  he 
came  to  his  present  place.  This  was  bought 
from  the  railroad  and  all  the  improvement  in- 
dicate the  industry  and  good  planning  of  our 
subject.  His  parents  are  dwelling  in  one  of  the 
residences  on  his  farm. 

On  June  2^.  1900,  Mr.  Dunham  married 
Miss  Alpha,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Emma 
(Duncan)  Harp.  She  was  born  in  Oklahoma 
territory  in  1879.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  this  couple,  Elmer,  born  June  26,  1901, 
and  Minnie,  hqrn  September  11,  1902. 


GRANT  MARTIN  is  not  only  a  land- 
owner and  farmer  of  the  western  part  of  Ste- 
vens county  but  is  also  interested  in  the  manu- 
facture of  lumber.  His  mill  is  located  about 
six  miles  east  from  Fruitland  in  Cedar  canyon, 
while  his  farm  of  one-half  section  is  about  five 
miles  north  from  Hunters.  Grant  Martin  was 
born  in  Clinton,  Missouri,  on  .^.pril  10,  1867, 
the  son  of  Azariah  and  Lutitia  (Ingman) 
Martin,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Missouri,  re- 
spectively. The  father  was  a  miller,  belonged 
to  the  Home  Guards  in  Missouri,  and  was  an 
active  business  man.  Our  subject  was  with 
his   parents   in    Missouri,    Illinois   and   finally 


came  with  them  to  Washington.  He  had  se- 
cured a  good  education  from  the  public  schools 
and  in  Washington,  near  Spokane,  he  embarked 
in  the  sawmilling  business  with  his  father.  In 
1 89 1,  he  came  to  Hunters  and  here  he  has  made 
his  home  since. 

On  April  19,  1894,  Mr.  Martin  married 
Miss  Georgia,  daughter  of  George  A.  and 
Phoebe  (Messinger)  Cornwall.  The  wedding 
occurred  in  Hunters  and  Mrs.  Martin  was  bom 
in  California.  They  have  one  child,  Reuel  E., 
born  October  26,   1898. 

Mr.  Martin  has  his  place  well  improved  but 
is  now  making  his  home  near  the  mill.  It  is 
a  well  equipped  plant  with  machinery  for  mak- 
ing all  finished  products  needed  in  building,  as 
finished  lumber,  lath,  singles,  together  with  all 
kinds  of  lumber.  Mr.  Martin  has  a  partner, 
George  McCullough.  He  was  torn  in  Indiana 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  November  8,  1875 
and  is  an  experienced  saw  mill  man.  His 
father,  Rev.  A.  W.  McCullough,  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  high  school  and  a  minister  in  the 
Lutheran  church.  Mr.  McCullough  came  west 
in  1895  and  since  has  made  his  home  in  this 
vicinity  most  of  the  time.  He  owns  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty  acres  of  land  and  is  a  young 
man  of  good  standing. 


JAMES  N.  ALLISON.  About  three 
miles  east  from  Fruitland  is  located  the  fine 
residence  and  estate  of  the  subject  of  this  re- 
view. A  score  of  years  ago,  Mr.  Allison  made 
his  way  through  the  then  wild  country, 
selected  this  place  and  went  back  to  Fort 
Spokane,  where  his  family  and  stuff  were,  and 
took  the  light  wagon  and  made  his  way  to  the 
spot.  The  heavier  vehicles  could  not  be  brought 
in.  From  that  time  to  the  present,  he  and  his 
faithful  wife,  who  has  always  displayed  true 
courage  and  worth,  have  wrought  to  bring  up 
their  family  and  build  a  home,  which  have 
been  accomplished  with  gratifying  success. 

James  N.  Allison  was  born  in  Madison 
county,  Kentucky,  on  November  4,  1839,  and 
his  parents,  Edward  and  Sarah  Allison,  were 
natives  of  the  same  place.  In  1847  the  family 
went  to  Platte  county,  Missouri,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1850  they  came  to  Nevada  county, 
California  across  the  plains,  meeting  difficulty 
with  the  Indians  at   Humboldt  river.      Later 


(2/0 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


they  mined  at  Frencli  Corrall  and  there  on  Jan- 
uary lo,  1866,  our  subject  married  Miss  Nellie 
L.,  daughter  of  Liba  and  Sarah  (Bradish) 
Washburn,  natives  of  Vermont  and  New  York, 
respectively.  They  removed  to  Jackson  county. 
Michigan,  where  Mrs.  Allison  was  born  Au- 
'gust  15,  1845.  Mr.  Washburn  was  a  lawyer. 
made  a  raise  on  Poorman's  creek,  and  voted  the 
first  Republican  ticket  in  Sutter  county,  Cali- 
fornia. He  was  a  prominent  and  influential 
man  there  and  in  Nevada,  where  he  lived  later. 
He  first  came  alone  to  seek  gold,  then  returned 
and  brought  his  family  via  the  isthmus.  The 
mother  of  i\Irs.  Allison  was  an  invalid  for 
years  and  died  at  French  Corrall  on  September 
3,  1864.  The  father  died  in  Stevens  county  in 
1890  and  is  buried  on  Mr.  Allison's  ranch. 
Our  subject  raised  stock  in  Sutter  county  until 
1875  3"*^  then  went  to  Paradise  valley  in 
Nevada.  In  1882  he  came  with  a  band  of 
horses  to  Fort  Spokane  and  thence  as  we  have 
related  to  his  present  place.  Five  children  were 
in  the  family  then  and  the  hardships  of  frontier 
life  and  journeying  in  a  prairie  schooner  were 
all  endured  by  the  family.  The  estate  of  Mr. 
Allison  is  one  of  the  best  here,  the  residence  is 
situated  in  a  most  sightly  place  and  the  orchard, 
the  first  in  the  country,  is  fine.  Mr.  Allison  and 
his  wife  have  labored  faithfully  and  wisely  and 
have  manifested  great  interest  in  all  progres- 
sive movements  and  in  building  up  the  country. 
They  have  six  children,  Armillia  F.,  wife  of  J. 
S.  McLean;  Liba  E.,  married  to  Laura 
Thomas;  Lucy  A.,  wife  of  Edward  S.  Sulli- 
van; Albert  F.,  married  to  Addie  Bennett; 
Pearl  L.,  wife  of  James  L.  Ross;  James  C, 
the  third  white  child  born  in  the  Fruitland  val- 
ley. All  live  near  Fruitland.  Mrs.  Allison's 
grandfather.  Daniel  Bradish,  was  a  patriot  in 
the  Revolution,  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812 
and  died  in  1857,  in  his  ninety-ninth  year. 


JAMES  A.  SEWELL  is  certainty  to  be 
classed  with  the  prosperous  and  substantial  citi- 
zens of  Stevens  county  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  accord  to  him  representation  in  this 
volume.  He  was  born  in  Meigs  county.  Ohio, 
on  January  2,  1863,  the  son  of  Joel  and 
Amanda  (Berkley)  Sewell,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  West  Virginia,  respectively.  The  father 
served  in  the  Civil  War  and  in  his  third  battle 


he  was  so  seriously  wounded  that  he  soon  died 
in  the  hospital.  The  mother  now  resides  in 
Oklahoma  and  last  year  was  here  visiting  the 
subject  of  this  article.  She  is  in  her  sixty- 
ninth  year.  Our  subjeat  was  educated  and 
reared  in  his  native  place  and  on  ]\Iay  28.  1885, 
married  IMiss  Nellie  A.,  daughter  of  Williafn 
and  Catherine  A.  (Tresiza)  Saunders.  Mrs. 
Sewell  was  a  schoolmate  of  her  husband  and 
was  reared  in  the  same  neighborhood.  Her 
parents  are  deceased.  Our  subject  and  his  wife 
started  the  year  of  their  marriage  to  the  Black 
Hills  and  later  came  on  by  team  to  Spokane, 
where  they  remained  until  selecting  a  home 
place  on  Deep  creek.  Three  years  later  they  re- 
moved to  Springdale  and  thence  to  the  vicinity 
of  Fruitland,  in  the  spring  of  1890.  In  1898, 
they  bought  land  and  now  have  a  farm  of  two 
hundred  and  eighty  acres,  well  improved,  and 
supplied  with  plenty  of  water  and  irrigating 
ditches.  The  place  is  well  adapted  to  stock 
raising  and  in  addition  to  that  Mr.  Sewell  does 
general  farming.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sewell  five 
children  have  been  born,  Efiie  M.,  deceased. 
Bertha  A.,  Ethel  L.,  Rena  M.,  Pearl,  deceased. 
Mr.  Sewell  is  active  in  educational  afifairs  and 
interested  in  local  matters.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Seventh  Day  Adventist 
church. 


HENRY  D.  BOYES  resides  about  five 
miles  east  from  Fruitland  on  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  good  land  which  he  secured  by 
purchase  in  1898.  The  place  is  well  supplied 
with  good  spring  water,  i»  over  half  under  cul- 
tivation and  in  addition  to  general  farming  Mr. 
Boyes  raises  stock.  He  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery county,  Missouri,  on^March  7.  1849, 
the  son  of  John  B.  and  Lucinda  (Perry) 
Boyes,  natives  of  Virginia.  In  1853,  the  fam- 
ily came  across  the  plains  to  California.  The 
train  was  large  and  the  Indians  hostile  but 
none  were  killed  by  the  savages.  En  route  our 
subject  was  kicked  by  an  ox  and  injured  by  the 
wagon  passing  over  him,  which  delayed  the 
train  several  days.  One  man  had  a  mule  and 
horse  hitched  to  a  light  rig  and  when  the  mule 
died  he  took  his  place  and  traveled  thus  'for 
some  time.  Later  he  secured  a  cow  to  hitch 
with  his  horse.  Settlement  was  made  in  Shasta 
county  where  they  were  forced  to  figiit  the 
savages  almost  to  extermination   before  they 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


271 


would  desist  from  atta.cks.  Tn  1856  they  re- 
moved to  Sonoma  county  and  there  the  mother 
died  in  1868.  In  1871,  our  subject  went  to 
San  Francisco  and  learned  ornamental  wire 
working  and  followed  it  for  five  years.  He  had 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  James, 
William  R.,  John  F.,  Sylvester,  Charles  P., 
Mrs.  Martha  Martin,  Mrs.  Mary  Hunt,  Mrs. 
Lucy  Markell,  Ella,  Mrs.  Missouri  Howard  and 
Elizabeth. 

On  August  20,  1873,  in  San  Francisco, 
Mr.  Boyes  married  Miss  Jennie  M..  daughter  of 
Francis  A.  and  Annie  (Foley)  Burge,  natives 
of  London,  England,  and  Ireland,  respectively. 
The  parents  were  married  in  Australia  and 
came  to  San  Francisco  in  1852  where  they  both 
died.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
of  whom  Mrs.  Boyes  is  the  oldest  and  the  only 
one  living.  Our  subject  removed  to  Sonoma 
county  in  1877  and  three  years  later  to  where 
Davenport  now  stands,  there  being  one  house 
there  then.  He  located  a  homestead  three  miles 
northeast  and  in  1895  removed  to  Spokane. 
Three  years  later  he  came  to  his  present  place 
and  has  been  numbered  with  the  industrious 
farmers  here  since.  Mr.  Boyes  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Mrs. 
Boyes  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 
Nine  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Boyes,  Mrs.  Mable  Lyons,  Francis  A.,  Mrs. 
Ella  J.  Yarnwood,  Mary  L.,  Henrietta  F.,  all 
deceased,  and  Katie  E.,  Emma  C,  Sarah  F., 
and  Lillian  E.  Mr.  Boyes  has  had  much  dif- 
ficulty to  contend  with,  accompanied  with  sick- 
ness and  death  in  his  family,  but  he  has  always 
manifested  sterling  worth  and  is  now  being 
prospered.  His  father  came  with  him  to  Dav- 
enport and  there  died  in  1886. 


ALVAH  E.  LUCE  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial men  of  southwestern  Stevens  county,  and 
although  ihe  has  spent  most  of  his  life  on  the 
frontiers  of  the  west,  still  he  has  never  prac- 
ticed the  use  of  intoxicating  beverages  or  to- 
bacco and  has  never  gambled,  always  preferring 
to  keep  his  integrity  rather  than  mingle  in  the 
excesses  of  so  many  frontiersmen.  He  was 
born  in  Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  on 
June  8,  1 86 1,  the  son  of  Aaron  and  Victoria 
(Christy)  Luce,  natives  also  of  the  county 
where  our  subject  was  born.  Alvah  spent  his 
early  days  in  his  native  place  and  secured  a 


good  educational  training  from  the  public 
schools.  When  seventeen  he  came  to  Bramah 
county,  Michigan,  and  wrought  for  three  years 
on  salary.  Then  came  a  trip  to  his  home  and 
thence  he  went  to  Brown  county,  Dakota.  He 
took  a  preemption  there  when  ihe  could  see  but 
three  houses.  When  he  left  a  short  time  later, 
he  could  count  one  hundred  and  twenty-hve 
claim  houses  from  his  door.  He  went  back  to 
Minnesota  and  in  1885  came  to  Lincoln  county 
and  followed  breaking  horses.  Mr.  Luce  never 
found  that  horse  yet  which  he  could  not  sub- 
due and  his  reputation  for  taming  and  hand- 
ling wild  horses  was  of  the  very  best  in  Lincoln 
county.  On  one  occasion  he  assisted  to  round 
up  two  thousand  ihorses  in  one  band. 

On  April  5,  1892,  Mr.  Luce  married  Aliss 
Ollie,  daughter  of  William  and  IMinerva  Mark- 
wick,  and  to  them  have  been  born  six  children. 
Homer  A.,  Ruth  O.,  Irene,  Herbert  H.,  Ethel, 
and  Hazel.  Following  his  marriage,  Mr.  Luce 
devoted  himself  to  farming  and  raising  stock 
and  in  1902  he  came  to  his  present  place,  four 
miles  south  from  Fruitland.  Here  he  owns 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  good  land, 
which  is  supplied  with  comfortable  improve- 
ments, good  orchard,  and  plenty  of  water  and 
is  especially  adapted  for  raising  stock.  Air. 
Luce  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  and  has  one 
brother  and  three  sisters,  Elbert  M.,  Eleanor, 
deceased.  Mrs.  Georgia  Russell,  and  Mrs. 
Leanore  Russell. 


FREDERICK  L.  CASTNER.  From  the 
frontier  regions  of  the  middle  west,  came  the 
subject  of  this  article,  to  make  a  home  in  the 
fertile  sections  of  Washington  and  after  ex- 
ploration decided  in  1897,  to  settle  on  his  pres- 
ent place,  four  miles  southeast  from  Fruitland, 
where  he  owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
and  does  farming  and  raises  stock.  Frederick 
L.  Castner  was  born  in  Morris  county,  New 
Jersey,  on  March  16,  1848,  the  son  of  S.  M. 
and  Mary  (Heldbrant)  Castner,  also  natives 
of  New  Jersey.  The  father  served  in  the  Re- 
bellion. When  seven,  our  subject  came  with 
the  balance  of  the  family  to  Bureau  county, 
Illinois,  and  secured  there  his  education.  In 
MarQh,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Fifty- 
seventh  Illinois  Infantry,  and  served  under 
Grant  and  later  under  Sherman.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Corinth  and  the  march 


27-2 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


to  the  sea,  besides  many  skirmishes  and  other 
battles.  His  regiment  was  detained  by  a  rail-  | 
road  wreck  so  as  not  to  be  able  to  participate  i 
in  the  battle  of  Altoona  Pass,  but  they  buried 
the  dead.  In  February,  1864,  he  re-enlisted  in 
the  same  company  and  went  through  all  the 
hardships  that  a  soldier  could  undergo,  with- 
out being  wounded  or  in  prison  and  when  all 
was  over  he  participated  in  the  grand  review 
in  Washington.  Thence  he  was  sent  to  Chi- 
cago and  there  was  mustered  out  on  July  7, 
1865,  receiving  his  discharge  on  the  twelfth. 
Mr.  Castner  was  a  natural-born  traveler,  and 
from  the  Canadian  border  to  the  gulf  he  has 
visited  all  the  important  middle  states  and 
western  places  and  has  Ijeen  in  thirty-one 
states  of  the  union.  He  was  railroading  much 
of  the  time  and  also  engaged  in  other  occupa- 
tions. 

On  June  zy,  1878,  at  Lesueur  Center, 
Minnesota,  Mr.  Castner  married  Miss  Clara 
E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Jane  (Davis)  Ritch- 
eye,  natives  of  Germany  and  Illinois,  respect- 
ively. In  1881,  Mr.  Castner  removed  to  the 
frontier  of  Dakota,  and  there  remained  until 
1890,  when  he  came  overland  with  his  family 
to  Old  Mission,  Idaho.  The  following  spring 
they  came  to  Addie  and  in  1897  to  his  pres- 
ent place.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union,  Emma  J.,  wife  of  Charles  Park,  in 
Sherman,  Washington;  Fannie,  wife  of  Arthur 
Burns;  Frederick  L.,  James  E.,  Richard,  Es- 
tella  G.,  Clara  E.  Mr.  Castner  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  always  active  in  bettering 
educational  facilities  and  is  an  enterprising  and 
progressive  man.  He  was  frequently  visited 
by  the  Sioux  and  left  Dakota  just  before  an 
uprising.  A  gentleman,  his  wife  and  five  chil- 
dren were  the  victims  of  an  awful  murder  in 
New  Jersey,  known  as  the  Changewater  case. 
This  unfortunate  man  was  an  uncle  to  our 
subject's  father. 


WILLIAM  P.  COLLEY.  In  1897  the 
subject  of  this  biographical  review  settled  in 
Stevens  county,  his  estate  being  two  miles 
southeast  from  Fruitland.  Mr.  Colley  now 
does  general  farming  and  raises  stock.  He  was 
born  in  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  on  July  20, 
1867,  the  son  of  Carroll  Colley.  The  father 
was  born  in  Kentucky  and  migrated  to  Missouri 
where   he   married    Miss   Zelda    Dale,      .\bout  I 


the  time  of  the  outbreak  of  the  Rlebellion,  they 
journeyed  across  the  plains  and  settled  in  Walla 
Walla.  The  father  freig'hted  to  the  various 
mining  camps  for  several  years  and  then  opened 
the  Missouri  livery  in  Walla  Walla,  which  he 
conducted  until  his  stables  were  burned.  His 
death  occurred  in  1883.  His  widow  married 
John  Halgren,  and  is  now  living  with  her 
daug'hter,  Mrs.  Lizzie  O'Donnell,  near  Fruit- 
land.  She  has  one  other  daughter,  Mrs.  Kate 
McCormick.  Our  subject  was  furnished  with 
limited  education  in  his  youthful  days,  which, 
however,  he  has  supplemented  with  careful  in- 
vestigation in  later  years.  He  was  a  success- 
ful race-horse  rider  and  followed  it  in  \\'ash- 
ington  and  Oregon  and  other  places.  After 
leaving  the  track  he  rode  the  range  for  several 
years  and  in  1889  settled  in  Lincoln  county  and 
took  up  stock  raising.  He  was  engaged  in  this 
until  the  date  of  his  removal  to  his  present 
place  and  here  Mr.  Colley  has  shown  himself 
an  industrious  man,  enterprising  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  country. 

On  November  17,  1898,  Mr.  Colley  mar- 
ried Miss  Kate,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Han- 
nah Barnett,  natives  of  Ireland  and  now  living- 
near  Fruitland.  To  this  marriage  two  children 
have  been  born,  Richard  W.  and  Lottie.  Mr. 
Barnett  was  born  in  July  14,  1822,  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1830,  locating  at  Bos- 
ton. Later  he  went  to  sea  and  for  many  years 
wrought  before  the  mast.  He  then  came  to 
\\'isconsin  where  his  home  continued  to  be  un- 
til 1884,  when  he  removed  to  Lincoln  county, 
and  thence  two  years  later  to  his  present  place. 
He  married  Miss  Hannah  O'Keep,  who  was 
born  in  1838,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
with  her  parents  at  the  age  of  thirteen. 


WILLIAM  O.  VANHORN  dwells  about 
five  miles  southeast  from  Fruitland,  on  an  es- 
tate of  four  hundred  acres,  which  he  purchased 
in  1900.  The  place  is  well  adapted  to  raising 
stock  and  produces  abundant  crops  of  the  suc- 
culent alfalfa,  as  well  as  other  things  in  propor- 
tion. Mr.  Vanhorn  has  improved  tlie  place  and 
is  handling  some  stock  in  addition  to  general 
farming.  Outside  of  these  enterprises,  he  is 
heavily  interested  in  mining  and  is  president 
of  the  Silver  Basin  Mining  Company,  whose 
])rnperties  his  brothers  discovered.     They  iliave 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


27J. 


the  mines  well  equipped  with  machinery  and 
are  shipping  ore  via  Davenport  at  this  time. 
Previous  to  opening  this  property,  Mr.  Van- 
horn  discovered  the  Deertrail,  Number  Two, 
wlhich  lias  produced  over  one  million  dollars 
worth  of  ore. 

William  O.  Vanhorn  was  born  in  Miami 
county,  Ohio,  on  March  lo,  1854,  the  son  of 
Isaac  and  Amanda  E.  (Hunt)  Vanhorn.  The 
father  was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  farm  of  his  nativity  is  now  included  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia.  His  ancestors  were 
from  Holland  and  his  grandfather  was  one  of 
the  noted  "Boston  tea  party."  His  name  was 
William  H.  Vanhorn.  His  grandson,  William 
H.  Vanhorn,  is  now  president  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific.  Edward  H.  Vanhorn,  the  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  fought  in  tihe  war  of  1812.  One 
great  uncle  lies  buried  in  Trinity  churchyard 
in  New  York.  The  father  served  in  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  and  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio  and  her  father,  Isaac  Hunt,  burned 
the  brick  which  was  used  in  the  erection  of  the 
first  brick  edifice  in  Cincinnati.  The  parents 
died  in  Oregon  and  left  the  following  children, 
William  O.,  Milton  R..  Francis  M.,  Isaac  L., 
deceased,  David  H.,  Lewis  L.,  Frank, 
and  Walter.  The  family  started  to  Mis- 
souri in  1865  and  changed  their  minds  and 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  There  our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated  and  in  1879  came 
thence  to  Lincoln  county,  settling  on  a  farm 
near  Davenport,  when  but  few  settlers  were  in 
the  county. 

At  Spokane,  on  March  29,  1897,  Mr.  Van- 
horn married  Miss  Ida  O.  Ingebretson,  and 
four  children  have  been  born  to  that  union, 
Minnie  F.,  Horace  A.,  Warren  E.  and  Stella  J. 


GEORGE  NEUMANN.  Some  time  in 
1886,  George  Neumann  landed  in  Cheney, 
Washington,  and  in  April  of  the  same  year 
])enetrated  to  the  country  where  he  now  resides, 
he  being  one  of  three  settlers  tiheh  in  this  sec- 
tion. He  settled  on  his  present  place,  about 
four  miles  southeast  from  Fruitland,  and  at 
once  set  to  work  to  build  a  home.  He  has 
succeeded  in  an  admirable  manner  as  is  testi- 
fied by  his  \-aluable  place,  all  of  which  he  has 
cleared  from  the  timber.   He  has  good  improve- 


ments, raises  abundant  crops  and  handles  stock. 

George  Neumann  was  born  in  Mecklenburg,. 
Germany,  on  April  5,  1858,  the  son  of  Adolplv 
and  Carolina  Neumann,  both  now  deceased.. 
Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his  native 
place,  and  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  par- 
ents during  his  minority.  At  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-one he  enlisted  in  the  German  army  and 
served  three  years.  In  1884,  he  landed  in  New 
York  and  later  went  to  Milwaukee.  He  had 
learned  the  cheesemaker's  art  in  the  old  coun- 
try, and  followed  it  two  years  in  Milwaukee. 
Then  came  the  trip  to  Cheney,  mentioned  above. 
Mr.  Neumann  has  his  place  well  watered  from 
a  spring  creek  and  the  out  range  is  abundant. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  Foresters 
at  Davenport,  and  in  political  matters  he  sup- 
ports the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party. 
Two  brothers,  Hans  and  Werner,  live  in  this 
same  vicinitv. 


CHARLES  B.  RICHARDS.  Although 
the  subject  of  this  article  has  resided  in  Stevens 
county  a  comparatively  short  time,  yet  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  present  home  he  has  been  for 
many  years,  in  fact,  was  one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  the  Modovi  country.  Since  coming 
to  this  county,  he  has  established  himself  as  one 
of  the  leading  and  substantial  agriculturists  and 
together  with  his  brother  owns  and  handles  a 
half  section  of  land,  three  miles  south  of  Fruit- 
land.  Charles  B.  Richards  was  born  in  Ma- 
comb county,  Michigan,  on  February  6,  185 1, 
the  son  of  Mark  B.  and  Amy  D.  (Walton) 
Richards.  The  father  was  born  in  the  New 
England  States  and  his  father,  Charles  B.,  was 
in  the  war  of  1812  ;  he  carried  throug-h  that  war 
a  sword  which  had  been  carried  through  all  the 
Revolution  by  one  of  his  ancestors  and  is  now 
IX)ssessed  by  our  subject  as  a  valued  relic.  Our 
subject's  father  was  county  treasurer  of  Ma- 
comb county  for  several  terms  and  was  a  prom- 
inent man  there.  He  died  in  1877.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  and  died  in  Macomb  county,  in  1857. 
Mr.  Richards  has  one  brother,  Hiram  A.,  who 
was  born  in  Macomb  county,  on  June  22,  1856. 
The  brothers  were  raised  and  educated  in  their 
native  place  and  in  1879  came  via  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Portland  to  Lincoln  county  and  took 
homesteads  where  Mondovi  now  is.  Spokane, 
thirty-five  miles  distant,  was  their  nearest  post- 


274 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


office.  They  devoted  themselves  to  farming 
and  raising  stock  there  until  1901,  v.'hen  they 
sold  the  entire  estate  and  removed  to  Stevens 
county,  locating  on  their  present  place.  While 
in  Lincoln  county,  Mr.  Richards  was,  as  well  as 
his  brother,  considered  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  community  and  during  the  early  days 
they  endured  the  hardships  and  deprivations  in- 
cident to  pioneer  life  and  their  subsequent  suc- 
cess demonstrated  their  industry  and  skill.  In 
addition  to  general  farming  where  they  now 
live  they  handle  considerable  stock.  That  was 
one  important  reason  for  removirg  to  this  sec- 
tion as  it  is  a  far  better  stock  country  than 
where  they  formerly  resided.  When  they  came 
to  this  country  they  had  little  capital  and  their 
present  gratifying  holding  is  the  result  of  their 
own  labors  and  good  management.  As  yet, 
neither  Mr.  Richards  nor  his  brother  has  ever 
tried  the  uncertain  seas  of  matrimony  and  are 
numbered  with  the  good  jolly  bachelors  of  the 
communitv. 


JOHN  O.  DESAUTELS  was  born  on 
September  10,  1857.  at  Fort  Colville,  Washing- 
ton. His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Julia  ( La- 
Fluer)  Desautels.  The  father  was  born  in 
Canada,  of  French  extraction  and  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  entered  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  as  trader  wibh  the  Indians.  He 
bought  furs  of  and  bartered  with  the  natives 
all  over  the  Northwest  and  finally  resigned  his 
position  and  settled  at  Fort  Colville,  being 
among  the  first  actual  settlers  in  the  valley.  He 
was  well  known  over  the  country  and  he  and 
ihis  wife  are  now  living  at  Curlew  lake  in  Ferry 
county.  The  mother  was  born  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Okanogan  river.  Our  subject  was 
reared  at  the  old  home  ranch  in  Colville  and  the 
Nespelem  country  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  he  was  twenty-three  years  old.  In 
1880  he  settled  on  Hunter's  creek  and  nine 
years  later  came  thence  to  his  present  home,  it 
being  on  the  reservation  close  to  the  north  line. 
Mr.  Desautels  has  a  good  farm,  supplied  with 
plenty  of  water,  and  it  produces  abundant  crops 
of  hay,  fruits,  and  so  forth.  In  addition  to  his 
general  farming  he  handles  considerable  stock. 
On  November  12,  1880,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  John  O.  Desautels  and  Miss  Isabel 
McCoy,  daughter  of  Robert  L.  and  Josette 
(Finlay)  McCoy.     To  this  union  the  following 


children  have  been  born,  Mrs.  Christina  Mor- 
rell,  Agnes,  Alfred  B.,  deceased,  Eliza,  John, 
Linda,  Lucy,  Adeline,  and  Thomas.  Mr.  De- 
sautels and  his  family  are  devout  adherents  to 
the  Catholic  faith. 


HARRY  J.  HALL  is  to  be  numbered  with 
the  progressi\-e,  public  minded,  and  leading  citi- 
zens of  western  Stevens  county;  he  resides  two 
miles  south  of  Fruitland  on  his  estate  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres  which  lies  on  the  old 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  trail  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Spokane  to  Fort  Colville.  The  estate  is 
one  of  value  and  sonsidered  one  of  the  best 
stock  ranches  in  the  country,  and  Mr.  Hall  has 
improved  it  in  a  becoming  manner  and  among 
other  nice  things  may  be  mentioned  a  beautiful 
lake  covering  about  twenty-five  acres  fed  by 
living  springs  and  which  is  being  stocked  with 
fish. 

Harry  J.  Hall  was  born  in  \\'indsor  county, 
Vermont,  on  December  29,  1858,  the  son  of 
James  and  Eunice  Hall,  natives  of  Vermont 
and  New  Hampshire,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  captain  of  the  State  Militia  of  Vermont 
for  several  years  and  served  in  the  Ci\il  war 
until  'he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability. 
About  1861  the  family  came  to  Winnebago 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  in  1879  to  Pipestone 
county,  Minnesota,  where  the  father  died  in 
1883.  The  mother  was  formerly  Miss  Brown 
and  married  Mr.  Averill  before  her  marriage 
to  Mr.  Hall.  She  came  west  to  Stevens  county 
and  dwelt  with  her  son  until  1895,  the  date  of 
her  death.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  par- 
ents and  in  the  same  neighborhood  until  1887 
in  which  year  he  came  to  Stevens  county  and 
located  a  farm  about  five  miles  from  his  present 
home  place,  which,  however,  he  sold  to  purchase 
his  present  place  in  1899.  In  addition  to  gen- 
eral farming,  Mr.  Hall  raises  cattle,  horses  and 
mules. 

In  No\-ember,  1883,  occurred  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  Harry  J.  Hall  and  Miss  Cora  D.,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  and  Lois  ( Miller)  Bennett.  The 
wedding  took  place  in  Pipestone  county.  JNIin- 
nesota,  and  five  children  are  the  fruit  of  the 
union,  James  H.,  Jesse  J.,  Francis  W.,  Get^rge 
H.,  and  an  infant  unnamed.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bennett  came  to  Stevens  county  in  1883  and 
I  reside  near  the  reservation  line  now.  Mr.  Hall 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


m 


has  always  manifested  a  keen  interest  in  educa- 
tional matters  and  has  given  up  his  time  every 
-year  since  Coming  here  to  act  on  the  school 
board. 


SIMON  FEELER  resides  alxiut  five  miles 
south  from  Fruitland  on  a  good  estate,  which 
<his  skill  and  industry  have  made  a  beautiful 
home  place  and  which  is  now  producing  abund- 
ant returns  in  varied  crops  and  fruits. 

Simon  Feeler  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Indiana,  on  October  21,  1834,  the  son 
of  Smion  and  Deborah  (Dealey)  Feeler,  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  South  Carolina,  respect- 
ively. The  father's  father  was  Mikel  Feeler,  a 
■native  of  France  and  an  officer  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Our  subject  passed  'his  youthful  days 
on  a  farm  and  sought  wisdom  in  the  district 
schools  until  fifteen,  then  accompanied  the  bal- 
ance of  the  family  to  Maries  county,  Missouri. 
In  1859  he  took  a  train  load  of  provisions  to 
Pike's  Peak  and  returned  to  Kansas.  In  1861 
he  came  thence  across  the  plains  with  a  train  of 
eighteen  wagons  to  Oregon,  being  troubled 
much  with  the  Indians  en  route,  and  on  the 
Owyhee  river  the  little  band  of  whites  fought 
several  hundred  of  the  savages  for  many  weary 
hours  but  fortune  so  favored  them  that  not  one 
of  their  number  perished.  They  journeyed  on 
to  Polk  county  and  then  our  subject  returned  to 
the  mines  of  Eastern  Oregon;  in  1865  he  lo- 
cated at  Grays  Harbor,  Washington,  being  one 
of  the  first  settlers  in  that  region.  He  assisted 
to  construct  the  first  wagon  road  in  the  Satsop 
river  to  Olympia.  Where  Aberdeen  now  stands 
was  a  favorite  hunting  ground  for  elk,  bear, 
and  deer.  In  1874  he  went  with  teams  through 
Nevada  and  four  years  later  journeyed  to 
Shasta  county,  California,  whence  in  1879.  he 
returned  to  Lake  county,  Oregon.  In  1890  he 
came  to  his  cousins"  home  and  since  that  date 
Mr.  Feeler  has  been  one  of  the  enterprising  and 
substantial  citizens  of  Stevens  county. 

On  September  12,  1878,  Mr.  Feeler  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Martha  J.  McKinney,  daughter  of 
John  and  Amanda  (Perry)  McElrath,  natives 
of  South  Carolina  and  Tennessee  respectively. 
Mrs.  Feeler  was  born  in  Hunt  county,  Texas, 
on  October  16,  1852,  and  seven  years  later  came 
with  her  parents  in  an  ox  train  across  the  plains. 
They  settled  in  San  Louis  Obispo  county, 
where  she  received  her  education  and  she  re- 


mark.s  that  in  the  public  schools  most  of  the 
scholars  were  Mexicans.  Mrs.  Feeler  was  first 
married  to  Joseph  McKinney,  who  was  killed 
in  the  state  of  Sonora,  Mexico.  To  this  union 
two  children  were  born,  Octavia,  the  wife  of 
Rex  Buck,  of  Cheney,  and  George  McKinney, 
who  died  in  Mexico  in  1892.  Her  parents,  came 
to  Washington  and  her  father  was  drowned  at 
Lyons  Ferry  on  the  Snake  in  1879;  her  mother 
.is  now  the  wife  of  E.  Ingle,  living  near  Milton, 
Oregon.  To  Mr.  Feeler  and  his  first  wife,  four 
children  have  been  born:  James  W.,  and  Sam- 
uel S.,  of  Milan,  Washington;  Maggie,  wife 
of  T.  E.  Bernard,  and  Mary  M.,  wife  of  Frank 
Duke,  both  of  Lake  View,  Oregon.  Mr.  Feeler 
was  marled  the  first  time  in  Lyon  county, 
Kansas,  on  March  6,  1859,  to  Sarah  M.  King, 
who  died  at  Walla  Walla  in  1873. 


AGGIE  GILLEN.  In  speaking  of  those 
who  know  Stevens  county  as  their  native  place, 
it  is  very  fitting  to  make  mention  of  the  lady 
whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  article. 
She  was  born  on  June  10,  1875,  the  daughter 
of  Norbert  and  Elizabeth  (McCloud)  Dupuis, 
natives  of  Canada  and  Washington,  ifespectr 
ively,  and  Who  are  more  particularly  mentioned 
elsewihere  in  this  volume.  She  was  brought  ,up 
amid  the  environments  of  frontier  life  and  re- 
cei^•ed  her  education  in  the  Colville  mission. 
She  remained  in  her  parental  home,  until  the 
age  of  si.xteen  when  she  was  married  to  James 
Gillen.  In  1892,  they  went  on  a  journey,  to 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  visiting.  Following 
this  trip,  they  settled  in  Spokane  which  was 
their  home  for  two  years.  Then  came  another 
trip  to  Minnesota  -which  was  extended  to  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  and  various  other  places.  After 
this,  they  were  gone  again  to  Washington  and 
at  various  times  took  journeys  to  the  coast  and 
to  other  sections.  They  also  lived  in  British 
Columbia  and  Montana.  On  January  10,  1903, 
the  summons  came  for  Mr.  Gillen  to  depart  his 
e-irthly  career.  Subsequent  to  the  death  of  her 
husband  Mrs.  Gillen  lived  with  her  father.  She 
and  her  husband  were  both  members  of  the 
Catholic  church,  and  faithful  followers  of  the 
instruction  given  in  that  denomination.  Since 
the  above  was  written,  Mrs.  Gillen  has  b^en 
married  to  Edward  Clairmont,  of  Ronan, 
Montana.  '' 


276 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


HON.  CH.\RLES  H.  MONTGOMERY 
is  not  only  one  of  the  leading  and  most  influen- 
tial citizens  of  Chewelah  at  the  present  time,  but 
is  also  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  this  sec- 
tion, and  many  good  works  and  measures  bear 
witness  to  his  skill,  patriotism  and  worth.  He 
was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  on  May  6,  1832, 
the  son  of  William  N.  and  Elizabeth  A.  (Hard- 
ing) Montgomery.  His  mother's  grandfather 
was  General  Harding  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
The  father  was  born  in  Ireland  and  came  to 
America  in  1812.  He  came  from  a  titled  family 
of  prominence,  while  the  mother's  ancestors 
were  also  prominent  people,  many  holding  re- 
sponsible positions  with  the  government.  They 
were  the  parents  of  eight  children :  George  E. 
A.,  deceased;  James  J.;  AI.  Louisa;  William 
A.,  deceased:  Charles  H. ;  Anna  M.,  deceased; 
John  T.,  deceased:  and  Leonard  A.,  deceased. 

Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  then  received  training  in  the  col- 
lege in  his  native  place.  In  1856  he  came  on 
to  Minnesota,  two  years  later  was  in  the  Red 
River  valley  and  in  1859  landed  in  the  Colville 
valley  on  his  way  to  the  Eraser  river.  His  re- 
sources being  depleted,  he  decided  to  remain 
here  a  time.  He  soon  acquired  title  to  a  farm 
but  in  1866  leased  this  land  and  opened  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  store,  in  which  he  continued 
uninterruptedly  until  1890.  In  1873,  he  was 
a^jpointed  post  trader  at  Fort  Colville,  by  the 
government.  During  tliese  years,  Mr.  Mont- 
gomery did  a  large  business  with  both  the  In- 
dians and  the  white  settlers,  besides  which  he 
gave  attention  to  stock  raising,  in  which  he  also 
iiad  excellent  success.  At  the  present  time  he 
has  a  fine  estate  of  two  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  fertile  land,  a  beautiful  residence,  good 
substantial  outbuildings,  and  a  large  band  of 
stock.  He  does  general  farming,  raises  stock 
and  also  produces  much  hay. 

In  1870,  Mr.  Montgomery  married  Miss 
Margret,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Jane 
(Moat)  Brown,  natives  of  Canada  and  Scot- 
land, respectively.  The  mother  died  in  1902, 
but  the  father  is  still  living  in  Stevens  county. 
Mrs.  Montgomery  'has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters,  Mary  L..  John  L.,  Robena, 
Albert  and  Temima.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mont- 
gomery, seven  children  have  been  born,  six  of 
whom  are  living  and  name<l  as  follows:  Will- 
iam S.,  Lula  L.  Pool,  Thomas  L.,  Carl  H., 
Delilah,  and  .Xrchie. 


Mr.  Montgomery  is  a  very  active  and  in- 
fluential Republican,  always  taking  a  keen  in- 
terest in  the  campaigns  and  as  well  in  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of  the  county.  In  1878,  'lie  was 
elected  treasurer  and  reelected  in  1882  and  in 
1884.  He  also  filled  the  oftice  of  audit<jr  at 
various  times.  In  1868  and  in  1873.  Mr.  Mont- 
gomery was  selected  to  represent  tiie  territory 
now  embraced  in  Walla  Walla,  Whitman,  Spo- 
kane, and  Stevens  counties  in  the  senate  of  the 
territorial  legislature.  During  this  term  of 
service,  Mr.  [Montgomery  introduced  several 
bills  and  secured  the  passage  of  some  im^xirtant 
measures,  .\fter  his  service,  he  was  taken  witii 
typhoid  fever  in  Walla  Walla  and  there  lin- 
gered suffering  for  one  entire  winter.  During 
this  trying  period,  he  was  attended  most  care- 
fully and  nursed  by  the  members  of  the  Masonic 
lodge,  to  which  he  belongs.  Mrs.  Montgomery 
is  a  member  of  the  Free  Methodist  church,  but 
Mr.  Montgomery  was  reared  in  the  Episcopal- 
ean  faith. 


FRANK  A.  SAVAGE,  who  lives  about 
three  miles  north  of  Chewelah.  where  he  does 
farming  and  stock  raising,  was  born  in  Prince- 
ton, Illinois,  on  June  30,  1871,  the  son  of  John 
and  Henriett  (McNeely)  Savage,  natives  of 
Illinois  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  They 
lived  in  Illinois  and  Pennsylvania,  then  in  Ne- 
braska and  in  1901  came  to  Stevens  county, 
Washington,  where  the  mother  still  resides. 
The  father  died  in  1896,  having  been  a  veteran 
of  the  Civil  \\'ar.  They  were  the  parents  of 
nine  children:  William  P..  Charles  M..  de- 
ceased, who  served  as  an  ofificer  in  the  army 
of  the  King  of  Belgium:  John  H..  Lucy,  de- 
ceased; Minnie  Rawson.  Lillie  M.  Miller.  Hat- 
tie  A.  Knowlton,  Frank  A.  and  Lottie  J.  Lee. 
Frank  A.  was  well  educated  and  when  he  came 
to  a  sufficient  age.  took  up  the  work  of  the  edu- 
cator himself.  He  taught  for  several  terms  in 
Nebraska  and  made  a  good  record.  He  contin- 
ued his  exertions  for  himself  in  Nebraska  until 
1 90 1  in  which  year  he  came  to  Washington  and 
bought  a  half  section  of  land  where  he  now  re- 
sides. In  addition  to  general  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock  he  does  logging  and  has  one  million 
feet  on  his  own  estate. 

In  1893.  Mr.  Savage  married  Miss  Mary 
B.  Mclntyre,  a  native  of  Keithsburg,  Illinois, 
the  date  of  her  birth  Ijeing  January  29,  1868. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


277 


Her  parents,  Samuel  and  Mahalia  (Davis) 
Mclntyre,  were  natives  of  Ohio  and  Illinois, 
respectively,  and  dwelt  near  Peoria,  Illinois  for 
many  years.  Then  they  moved  to  Kansas 
where  the  mother  died.  In  1901,  the  father 
died  in  Nebraska.  Mrs.  Savage  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  William  J.,  Isaac, 
Nancy  E.  Jenson,  Lucy  A.,  deceased,  Nina, 
Louisa  J.,  Glage,  Mary  E.,  Robert  B.  and 
Jesse  N.  Mrs.  Savage  was  a  very  successful 
school  teacher  before  her  marriage  and  is  a 
woman  of  good  education.  To  our  subject  and 
his  wife,  six  children  have  been  born:  Ray  A., 
Fay  A.,  Mildred,  Warren  E.,  Eva  H.,  and 
Maud.  Mr.  Savage  is  a  good  substantial  Re- 
publican and  is  frequently  at  the  conventions 
and  is  ever  active  in  the  campaigns.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Highlanders.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  occupation  of  farming  and  stock 
raising,  Mr.  Savage  does  plastering,  being  a 
very  sucessful  operator  in  that  line. 


DR.  CHARLES  T.  RIGG  is  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  Colville  valley  and  it  is 
with  pleasure  we  are  enabled  to  incorporate  in 
this  volume  an  epitome  of  his  career.  He  is  the 
son  of  John  and  Azuba  (Richardson)  Rigg, 
natives  of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  respectively,  and 
was  born  in  Indiana  on  September  20,  1846, 
being  one  of  thirteen  children,  part  of  whom 
are  named  as  follows  :  George,  Arminda,  Mary, 
Ella,  Caroline,  John,  William  E.,  Charles  T., 
Frank,  and  Joseph  C.  The  maternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  a  patriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution and  received  a  grant  of  land  from  the 
government  for  his  services.  Our  subject  was 
well  educated  in  Aurora,  Indiana,  and  then  at- 
tended the  Cleveland  Medical  College.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  enlisted  in  Company  K  of  an 
Indiana  volunteer  regiment  and  served  until 
the  end  of  war.  On  January  16,  1865  he  re- 
ceived his  honorable  discharge.  Following  the 
war,  he  took  up  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr. 
Stevenson  and  in  1869  began  practice  in  Illi- 
nois. Four  years  later  he  came  to  Kansas,  con- 
tinuing his  practice,  and  on  May  5,  1879,  by 
Governor  John  P.  St.  John,  he  was  commis- 
sioned first  lieutenant  of  Kansas  Guards.  He 
served  two  years  in  guarding  the  frontier  from 
the  Sioux  Indians.  In  the  fall  of  1880,  he  was 
elected  sheriff  of  Barber  countv.  and  in   1882 


was  chosen  his  own  successor.  Following  that 
the  doctor  turned  his  attention  to  stock  raising 
and  operating  a  drug  store.  In  1891  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  and  bought  a  scjuatter's  right 
near  Chewelah,  near  where  he  now  lives,  and 
then  started  the  delightful  task  of  making  a 
home.  So  well  has  the  doctor  succeeded  in  do- 
ing this  that  he  is  now  possessed  of  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  valued  estates  of  the  valley. 
In  addition  to  handling  a  farm  he  raises  stock. 
The  marriage  of  Dr.  Rigg  and  ]\Iiss  Alber- 
tine  A.,  daughter  of  William  and  Nancy  J. 
(Evans)  Friedley,  natives  of  Indiana,  was 
celebrated  on  December  24,  1875  and  to  them 
four  children  have  been  born  :  Ray  V.,  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Cheney  Normal;  William  H.,  A. 
Loverne,  and  Eva  J.  Mrs.  Rigg's  parents 
came  to  Kansas  in  1865.  Her  father  enlisted  in 
the  union  army  in  1861  and  served  through  the 
struggle,  being  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Vicks- 
burg.  He  died  in  1899,  but  his  widow  still 
lives  in  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas.  They  were 
the  parents  of  five  children :  Belle,  George  J., 
Albertine  A.,  Anna  and  Edith.  Dr.  Rigg  is 
a  good  strong  Republican  and  takes  an  inter- 
est in  the  welfare  of  the  community  and  is 
known  as  a  public  minded  and  enterprising 
man.  In  1889,  Dr.  Rigg  was  appointed  United 
States  examining  surgeon  for  pensions  in  Ste- 
vens county.  For  seven  consecutive  terms,  he 
was  commander  of  the  G.  A.  R.  post  in  Chew- 
elah, and  was  the  first  commander  of  Union 
Tent,  No.  49,  of  the  Maccabees.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  stanjls  exceed- 
ingly well  in  the  community. 


ALBERT  BURDICK  is  numbered  among 
the  enterprising  and  capable  farmers  of  the 
Colville  valley,  who  have  come  hither  from  the 
eastern  states  to  make  homes  in  this  favored 
region.  He  resides  about  four  miles  northeast 
of  Addy  upon  land  which  he  secured  through 
the  homestead  right,  and  in  addition  to  raising 
the  fruits  of  the  field  he  handles  considerable 
stock. 

Albert  Burdick  was  born  on  October  5, 
1858,  in  Bureau  county.  Illinois,  the  son  of  R. 
C.  and  Lucy  A.  (Manrose)  Burdick,  natives 
of  Ohio.  They  came  to  Illinois  and  then 
moved  to  Iowa  where  the  father  was  drowned 
five  vears  later.    The  mother  then  went  to  Mis- 


^78 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


sburi  where  slie  still  lives.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  nine  children,  se\-en  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, as  follows :  Frank,  Bradford,  Judson, 
Nathan,  Cassie  Coy,  S.  Murohy,  and  Albert. 
At  the  early  age  of  seventeen  our  subject  had 
completed  his  training  at  the  district  school 
and  assumed  the  responsibility  of  handling  a 
farm.  For  five  years  he  rented  a  farm  in  Illi- 
nois then  transferred  the  basis  of  operation. 
After  four  years  more  he  took  a  pre-emption 
in  Nebraska  and  in  1888  he  came  to  Deep 
Creek  Falls,  Washington,  after  which  he  soon 
removed  to  Stevens  county  and  did  contract 
work  on  the  railroad.  It  was  in  1889  that  he 
located  his  present  homestead  where  he  at  once 
removed  his  family.  For  nine  years  after  first 
coming  here  he  operated  a  hay  baler  very  suc- 
cessfully. Mr.  Burdick  has  improved  his  farm 
in  very  nice  shape,  and  in  addition  to  doing 
farming  he  has  about  twenty  head  of  cattle 
which  he  handles.  On  June  23,  1884,  Mr. 
Burdick  married  Miss  Isable,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Malinda  (Cochrin)  Glasgo,  natives 
of  Illinois.  On  June  17,  1901,  death  stalked  into 
the  family  of  our  subject  and  took  thence  the 
beloved  mother  and  wife.  Mr.  Burdick  and 
seven  children  were  left  to  mourn  her  sad  de- 
parture. The  children  are  Chauncy  C,  Sarah 
E.,  Archie,  Mary  A.,  Nellie,  Eugene,  and 
Bessie.  Mr.  Burdick  has  all  his  children  with 
him  on  the  farm  and  they  are  a  happy  family. 
Our  subject  is  very  liberal  in  political  matters 
and  reserves  for  his  own  decision  untrammeled 
by  the  opinions  of  any  party  or  people,  the 
questions  of  the  day.  At  the  present  time  and 
for  eleven  years  last  passed  he  has  given  of  his 
time  to  the  school  board  and  is  greatly  inter- 
ested in  educational  matters. 


JOHN  WADE  lives  about  three  miles 
south  of  Addy,  and  devotes  his  attention  to 
farming.  He  was  born  in  Fayette,  Ililnois, 
on  June  29.  1850,  the  son  of  Job  and  Sarah 
H.  (Hays)  W'ade,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Illi- 
nois, respectively.  The  father  died  in  1867,  but 
the  family  remained  in  Illinois  until  1880.  when 
they  came  to  Chewelah,  where  the  mother  now 
resides,  aged  seventy-three.  During  the  Civil 
War,  the  father  enlisted  in  Company  K.  Third 
Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the   war,  being  then   honoraI)ly   dis- 


charged. John  receix-ed  his  course  in  literary 
training  in  that  great  educator  of  the  Ameri- 
can people,  the  district  school,  and  when  sev- 
enteen began  work  on  the  farm  for  his  mother. 
In  1874  he  went  to  Texas  and  operated  a  cot- 
ton gin  engine.  Later  we  find  him  railroading 
in  Texas,  Indian  Territory,  Colorado,  New 
Mexico,  and  California.  Following  this  long 
period  he  went  to  British  Columbia  where  he 
contracted  on  the  Canadian  Pacific.  In  1883, 
Mr.  Wade  was  led  by  an  adventurous  spirit  to 
the  wilds  of  Alaska.  For  one  year  he  pros- 
pected in  Juneau,  also  worked  on  the  leading 
mines  there.  Then  he  went  to  Yukon,  and  had 
the  distinction  of  having  one  of  the  leading  dig- 
gings named  for  him  and  which  is  known  to- 
day as  Jack  Wade  creek.  In  addition  to  min- 
ing and  exploring  various  portions  of  the  ter- 
ritory, Mr.  Wade  also  constructed  a  sailing 
vessel  that  plied  lietween  Douglas  and  Juneau. 
He  continued  in  these  wild  and  remote  regions, 
meeting  with  many  stirring  adventures  and 
suffering  privations  until  he  came  to  Stevens 
county  wliere  he  has  remained  since.  He 
bought  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  where  he 
resides  and  is  now  quietl}'  passing  his  days  in 
the  avocation  of  a  farmer.  Mr.  Wade  is  a  Re- 
publican and  no  campaign  was  ever  inaugurated 
in  which  he  did  not  take  a  keen  interest  and  ac- 
tive part.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  good  substantial  man,  a 
patriotic  citizen,  and  stands  well  in  the  com- 
munity. 


PRESLEY  GLASGO,  one  of  Stevens 
county's  industrious  agriculturists,  reside  alx^ut 
one  mile  northwest  of  Addy  upon  an  estate  that 
he  procured  from  the  government  under  home- 
stead right.  He  has  a  part  of  the  farm  under 
cultivation,  and  among  the  impro\-ements  we 
may  mention  a  choice  orchard.  In  addition  to 
his  farming  Mr.  Glasgow  devotes  considerable 
attention  to  logging  and  lumbering  during  a 
portion  of  each  year.  He  is  a  native  of  Union 
county,  Iowa,  born.  October  24,  1856  and  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Melinda  (Cochran)  Glasgo, 
natives  of  Indiana.  They  farmed  successively 
in  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa  and  Nebraska  until 
1892.  then  removed  to  Stevens  county  where 
the  father  died  in  1902  and  the  mother  in  1897. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  Margret 
Stotts,  Steven,  Preslev,  Phebe  Sturde\-ant,  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


279 


Isabella  Berdick.  On  August  9,  1862  the 
father  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Volunteer 
Infantry,  Company  H.,  and  went  to  the  front 
to  fight  for  the  honor  of  the  flag.  While  on 
duty  he  was  taken  with  smallpox  and  later 
with  the  typhus  fever  and  for  most  of  the  time 
from  that  date  until  1865  he  was  languishing 
in  the  war  hospital.  Being  discharged  at  that 
date  he  returned  home  but  was  unable  to  do  any 
labor  for  some  time. 

On  account  of  the  horrors  of  war  and  the 
straitened  condition  of  the  communities,  no 
schools  were  kept  up  where  our  subject  lived 
when  a  boy  and  his  education  was  picked  up  at 
odd  moments  with  such  books  as  he  could  ob- 
tain. Presley  remained  faithfully  bestowing 
his  labors  under  the  direction  of  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  the 
father  entrusted  the  farm  to  him  for  one  year 
after  which  he  did  railroad  work  in  Nebraska 
and  South  Dakota.  He  visited  various  por- 
tions of  the  former  state  and  then  came  west  to 
Washington.  He  soon  returned  to  Nebraska, 
however,  and  it  was  in  1892  that  he  settled  in 
Stevens  county.  From  then  until  1896  he  was 
occupied  in  contracting  wood  for  the  railroad 
and  in  various  other  callings.  At  the  date  last 
mentioned,  he  took  his  homestead  and  has  re- 
mained there  until  the  present  time. 

On  September  6,  1880  Mr.  Glasgo  mar- 
ried Miss  Armintha  Shores,  who  died  in  1888, 
leaving  two  children,  Jessie  B.  and  Mace  A., 
both  with  their  father.  Mrs.  Glasgo  was  born 
in  Bremer  county  on  September  8,  1855,  the 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  Shores.  Mr. 
Glasgo  has  always  been  quite  prominent  in 
political  matters,  having  held  various  offices 
in  the  sections  where  he  has  lived. 


FRANK  SALVAGE.  Without  perad- 
venture  every  one  of  the  early  states  of  the 
union  is  represented  by  its  sons  in  Wash- 
ington. Stevens  county  has  her  quota  of  those 
who  have  come  from  the  east  and  have  made 
pleasant  homes  here  in  our  midst.  Among  this 
worthy  number  may  be  mentioned  the  subject 
of  this  article,  who  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  July 
10.  1869.  His  parents,  John  and  Emma 
(Phillips)  Salvage,  natives  of  New  York,  are 
mentioned  in  this  volume  elsewhere.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  Iowa  and  Kansas,  and 


when  seventeen  began  the  work  of  Hfe  in 
earnest,  taking  up  first  the  bdsiness  of  handling- 
vineyards.  Finally  he  decided  to  turn  to  the 
west  for  wider  fields  and  accordingly  he  sought 
out  Stevens  county,  where  he  engaged  in  saw- 
milling  for  five  years.  In  1891  he  took  up  a 
homestead  and  has  devoted  considerable  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  raising  stock. 

On  November  10,  1896.  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Salvage  and  Emma  Dearinger. 
To  them  two  children  have  been  born.  Victor 
and  Coara.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dearinger  are  men- 
tioned in  another  portion  of  the  work.  Frank 
Salvage  is  one  of  the  popular  young  men  of 
Stevens  county,  has  manifested  an  industry  and 
close  attention  to  business  together  with  a  good 
walk  that  have  given  him  the  confidence  of  the 
people  and  he  has  a  host  of  friends. 


SQUIRE  L.  DEARINGER.  Some  twelve 
years  since  the  gentleman  whose  name  initi- 
ates this  paragraph  was  a  pilgrim  across  the 
continent  to  the  state  of  Washington.  After 
thoroughly  investigating  various  sections  of  the 
country  he  settled  in  Stevens  county  on  a  home- 
stead where  he  now  lives,  two  miles  west  of 
Addv.  Mr.  Dearinger  was  without  capital, 
except  a  courageous  heart  and  two  strong- 
hands.  He  immediately  took  hold  of  the  re- 
sources of  the  country  and  the  fact  that  he  is 
now  worth  many  thousands  demonstrates  con- 
clusively that  he  was  possessed  of  both  ability 
and  enterprise.  He  rented  a  farm  until  1894 
then  bought  an  interest  in  a  sawmill,  after 
which  he  bought  more  land  close  to  his  home- 
stead and  has  since  added  enough  to  make  his 
estate  over  four  hundred  acres.  After  estab- 
lishing himself  well  in  this  county,  he  returned 
east  and  brought  his  aged  and  widowed  mother 
to  share  his  home.  In  1901  he  bought  a  mill 
site  and  erected  a  fine  structure  which  was 
burned  to  the  ground  with  a  total  loss  of  both 
mill  and  machinery,  l^efore  a  board  was  sawed. 
He  immediately  rebuilt  and  has  a  very  valu- 
able saw  mill  which  he  is  conducting  as  well  as 
overseeing  his  large  estate. 

Squire  L.  Dearinger  was  lx)rn  in  Owen 
county,  Kentucky,  January  9,  1863.  the  son  of 
W.  M.  and  Nancy  A.  (Clark)  Dearinger,  na- 
tives of  Kentucky.  The  family  lived  in  the  Blue 
Grass  state  until  1877,  then  removed  to  Howell 


28o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


county,  Missouri,  later  went  to  Kansas  and 
finally  returned  to  Missouri  where  the  father 
died  in  1899.  The  father's  parents  died  when 
he  was  very  young,  and  little  is  known  of  his 
ancestors,  except  that  they  are  wealthy  and 
prominent  people  of  Germany.  Our  subject 
■was  one  of  ten  children:  Elizabeth  Miller, 
Squire  L.,  David  H..  Frances  E.  Webb.  Nancy 
B.  Eubank.  Mary  Wilson.  George  W.  and 
Emma  C.  Salvage.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  by  close  and  diligent  application  in 
the  various  schools  where  he  resided  and  at 
times  when  he  had  a  few  moments  to  pick  up  a 
book.  The  school  facilities  were  very  poor 
in  his  native  place  but  so  well  did  he  improve 
his  moments  that  he  is  a  man  of  excellent  in- 
formation. 

In  the  fall  of  1888  Mr.  Dearinger  married 
Miss  Sarah  E.  Huff,  and  they  have  four  chil- 
dren, Alonzo,  Flora  E.,  William  O.,  and  Oscar 
L.  In  1902  Alonzo  was  accidentally  shot.  Mrs. 
Dearinger's  parents  are  ^\■illiam  and  Amelia 
(Rudd)  Huff,  natives  of  Tennessee.  She  was 
born  in  Missouri  in  1857,  received  a  good  edu- 
cation, and  has  one  brother,  James.  In  1894 
Mrs.  Dearinger  was  called  hence  by  the  angel 
of  death.  Mr.  Dearinger  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  belongs  to  the  W.  W.  and  is  an 
active  worker  for  the  advancement  of  the  inter- 
est of  the  communitv.     He  is  a  Democrat. 


RANDOLPH  ROBERTS.  Among  the 
native  sons  of  Stevens  county,  who  have  also 
spent  their  lives  within  the  precincts  of  the 
county  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  since  he  is  a  man  of  good 
business  qualifications  and  has  manifested  an 
uprightness  and  industry  which  have  com- 
mended him  to  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all. 
November,  1863  was  the  date  of  his  birth  and 
his  parents  are  Joseph  and  Mary  (Aracasia) 
Roberts,  natives  of  Canada  and  Washington, 
respectively.  The  father  came  to  the  United 
States  when  a  small  boy  and  traveled  and  traded 
over  large  portions  of  the  country  before  cross- 
ing" the  plains  in  1854.  He  explored  various 
parts  of  the  west  and  finally  settled,  in  1855, 
in  what  is  now  Stevens  county.  Here  he  mar- 
ried and  has  remained  since.  A  number  of 
years  were  devoted  to  a  general  merchandising 
and  trading  with  the  whites  and  Indians  after 


which  he  settled  upon  the  homestead  where  he 
now  resides,  being  one  of  the  substantial  farm- 
ers. A  more  extended  account  is  made  of  his 
life  in  another  portion  of  our  work. 

Our  subject  grew  to  manhood's  estate  in 
the  Colville  valley  and  gained  his  education  in 
the  various  schools.  \\'hen  of  age  he  took  a 
homestead  and  commenced  to  farm  but  soon 
the  attraction  of  logging  and  timber  work 
drew  him  to  devote  most  of  his  time  to  them. 
He  has  a  fine  outfit  for  these  industries  and  is 
now  handling  a  contract  of  nearly  one  hundred 
thousand  feet  for  the  Winslow  Lumber  Com- 
pany. 

In  1885.  Mr.  Roberts  married  Miss  Louise 
King,  and  they  ha\e  become  the  parents  of  three 
children,  Alice.  Jerlin,  and  Eveline.  Mrs. 
King's  parents,  Peter  and  ]\Iary  (Peshnaugh) 
King,  natives  of  Canada  and  \\"ashington,  re- 
spectively, settled  in  Stevens  county  in  very 
early  days  and  have  made  their  home  here  ever 
since.  They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children, 
William,  Sophia.  Mary,  Julia,  Louise,  jMartha, 
and  Patrick.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roberts  are  devout 
members  of  the  Catholic  church. 


ROLAND  T.  SMITH.  Thomas  M.  and 
Amy  J.  ("Thompson)  Smith,  natives  of  Tenn- 
e-see  and  Ohio,  respectively,  settled  in  Missouri 
in  an  early  day  where  they  made  their  home 
until  1877.  In  that  year  they  moved  to  Cali- 
fornia in  the  Golden  state  was  their  dwelling 
place  for  about  four  years.  Then  came  the 
journey  to  Deep  Creek,  Washington,  where 
four  years  more  were  spent.  Following  this 
they  dwelt  six  years  at  Mondovi,  and  then  the 
attractions  of  Stevens  county  won  their  perma- 
nent residence  to  the  Colville  valley.  Mr. 
Thomas  Smith  has  always  been  a  prominent 
man  in  the  communities  where  he  resided  both 
in  political  and  industrial  life  and  is  now  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  in  Stevens  county.  A 
more  extended  mention  of  his  life  will  be  found 
in  another  portion  of  this  volume.  It  is  of 
interest  that  Mr.  Smith  is  a  cousin  of  Dr. 
C.  P.  Thomas  of  Spokane,  one  of  the  noted 
surgeons  of  the  entire  west.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  are  parents  of  four  children.  Roland  T.. 
Florence  G.,  Sadie  E.,  and  Philippia,  deceased. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  im- 
mediate subject  of  this  review,  we  note  that  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


281 


was  born  in  Benton  county,  Missouri,  on  Au- 
gust 21,  1878.  He  participated  in  the  travels 
of  the  family  and  received  his  education  in  the 
various  places  where  they  resided  finally  com- 
pleting a  college  course  in  Chewelah.  He  be- 
gan his  business  career  as  a  bookkeeper,  but  it 
was  soon  evident  that  the  close  confinement  of 
that  calling  would  impair  his  health  and  he 
wisely  abandoned  it.  Then  he  secured  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  fine  meadow  land 
near  Addy,  upon  which  he  has  been  raising 
hay  since.  In  addition  to  this  JNIr.  Smith  deals 
extensively  in  stock.  Mr.  Smith  is  an  active 
and  well  informed  Democrat  and  has  held  var- 
ious positions  of  responsibility.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  church  and  a  young  man 
of  great  popularity,  whose  sterling  worth  is 
richly  deserving  of  the  encomiums  bestowed. 

On  July  6,  1903,  at  Colville,  Washington, 
Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Daisy  E.  Scott,  a  well 
known  young  lady  of  Stevens  county.  Her 
mother  is  Mrs.  William  Hartman.  of  Colville. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  start  on  the  journey  of 
married  life  with  the  best  wishes  of  all  who 
know  them  and  they  have  hosts  of  friends  in 
this  section. 


ALEXANDER  STENSGAR,  who  resides 
two  miles  north  of  Addy  on  a  fine  large  estate 
of  three  hundred  acres,  was  born  in  Stevens 
county  on  April  6.  1861.  the  son  of  Tom  and 
Julia  (Plant)  Stensgar,  natives  of  Scotland  and 
Washington,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
America  when  he  was  twenty  and  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  was 
soon  in  the  Colville  valley.  Since  those  early 
days  he  resided  in  the  valley  taking  part  in  the 
various  lines  of  duty  connected  with  the  com- 
pany work,  after  which  he  settled  upon  a  farm 
near  where  our  subject  lives  at  the  present  time. 
He  was  called  to  pass  the  river  of  death  in  1891. 
His  widow  still  lives  on  the  old  homestead 
aged  seventy.  Ten  children  were  born  to  these 
people,  part  of  whom  are  named  as  follows : 
Tom.  John,  James,  Maggie.  Charles,  deceased, 
Nancy,  Isaac,  and  Alexander.  Alexander  re- 
ceived a  very  limited  education  on  account  of 
the  scarcity  of  school  facilities  in  his  childhood. 
He  continued  to  faithfully  assist  his  father  until 
the  latter's  death  in  1891,  then  he  took  the 
large  estate  he  now  owns,  a  part  of  which  is 
well  cultivated  and  producing  abundant  crops 


annually.     Mr.   Stensgar  handles  much  stock 
and  hay. 

In  1888  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Alex- 
ander Stensgar  and  Miss  Philla  Wynne,  whose 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  the  mother 
of  Washington.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stensgar  have 
two  children,  Eddie  and  Alice,  both  attending 
school.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wynne  raised  a  large 
family  and  since  1880,  they  have  all  been  ad- 
herents of  the  Catholic  church. 


ELIAS  S.  DUDREY.  Without  perad- 
venture  the  subject  of  this  review  has  mani- 
fested excellent  ability  in  the  commercial  world, 
in  that  he  has  by  his  own  unaided  efforts  gained 
the  position  of  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of 
the  Colville  valley.  He  is  at  the  head  of  a 
general  merchandise  establishment  in  Addy, 
cirries  about  six  thousand  dollars  worth  of  well 
selected  goods  and  handles  an  extensive  patron- 
age.    In  Clark  county,  Ohio  on  December  27, 

1850  Elias  Dudrey  was  born  to  William  and 
Emily  (Hallock)  Dudrey,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  mother's  people  were  mostly  sailors 
but  one  brother  was  a  very  prominent  business 
man  of  New  York  city.  The  father  was  a 
friend  of  Horace  Greeley  and  a  very  influential 
man  in  the  realm  of  politics.  He  assisted  very 
materially  to  place  many  of  his  friends  in  office 
but  always  refused  that  distinction  for  himself. 
The  family  moved  to  Neenah,  Wisconsin  in 

1 85 1  and  in  1880  went  on  the  Minnesota,  where 
the  father  died  one  year  later.  The  mother  died 
in  1 88 1.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  chil- 
dren, as  follows  :  Isabel,  deceased ;  Elias ;  Wash- 
ington I. :  Horace  Greeley,  deceased :  Edgar 
E. ;  Francis,  deceased  ;  David  B. ;  William  H. ; 
Ann,  and  Lewis.  In  Neenah,  Wisconsin,  our 
subject  was  educated  and  learned  the  cooper's 
trade,  at  which  he  continued  until  he  came  to 
Washington.  Here  in  1886  he  commenced  the 
saw  milling  business.  In  1888  he  was  in 
Spokane  in  this  business,  and  the  following 
year  he  opened  a  store  in  Stevens  county.  He 
started  in  a  very  small  way  and  his  close  at- 
tention to  business  and  skill  in  handling  the 
matter  in  hand  have  secured  for  him  the  success 
that  he  now  enjoys.  However,  in  1895.  he 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  liis  entire  property. 
But  nothing  daunted,  he  immediately  began  to 
build  again  and  is  now  at  the  head  of  a  very 


282 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


prosperous  business.  In  addition  to  doing  a 
general  merchandise  business,  Mr.  Dudrey  car- 
ries a  full  line  of  farm  machinery,  and  handles 
cord  wood,  stulls,  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Dudrey 
was  the  first  postmaster  in  Addy,  and  held  the 
office  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all. 

In  June,  1897,  Mr.  Dudrey  married  Miss 
Adeline,  daughter  of  John  E.  and  Ena  Seal. 
She  was  born  in  Minnesota  and  came  to  Wash- 
ington in  1892,  where  her  father  died  five  years 
later.  The  mother  is  still  living  in  Addy. 
Three  children  have  come  to  bless  the  house- 
hold of  Mr.  Dudrey,  Roy,  John,  and  Hallie. 
Politically,  Mr.  Dudrey  was  a  strong  and  active 
Populist  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  in- 
fluence in  the  political  circles  of  the  entire 
county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I,  O.  O.  F.  and 
the  W.  W.,  being  treasurer  of  the  last  organi- 
zition.  Mrs.  Dudrey  is  a  member  of  the 
Women  of  Woodcraft  and  is  also  treasurer  of 
that  organization.  From  his  father  Mr.  Dudrey 
has  inherited  those  qualities  of  astuteness,  keen 
intuition  and  foresight  so  useful  and  necessary 
in  1-iandling  political  questions  and  together 
with  it  all  he  is  a  men  of  integrity  and  up- 
rightness. 


CIGMARION  PARKER  is  a  venerable 
and  substantial  citizen  of  Addy,  whose  life  of 
riiarked  activity  ancl  enterprise  has  been  beset 
■with  many  dangers  and  hardships,  which  in 
their  turn  only  brought  out  the  power  of  en- 
durance and  executive  ability  possessed  by  him. 
He  was  lx)rn  in  Stewart  county,  Tennessee,  on 
April  17,  1833,  the  son  of  Aaron  and  Rebekah 
(Futeral)  Parker,  natixes  of  Tennessee  and 
Kentucky,  respectively.  They  were  pioneers 
of  Stewart  county  and  remained  there  until 
their  death.  They  were  parents  of  the  follow- 
ing children,  our  subject,  Mary  J..  Dudley, 
Sadie,  David.  Carl  P.,  and  Shad  wick.  The 
father  died  when  our  subject  was  still  young 
and  being  the  oldest  of  the  children,  much  of 
the  responsibility  of  supporting  the  family  de- 
volved upon  him.  He  assisted  bis  mother 
faithfully  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  was  doing 
a  man's  work  and  for  three  years  his  wages 
were  the  main  stay  of  the  family.  Our  sub- 
ject possessed  plenty  of  daring  and  during  the 
war  lie  fref|uently  ran  the  blockade  in  his  trad- 
ing back  and  forth.  Following  the  war.  he 
bnuglit  and  sold  property  quite  successfully  fur 


a  time  and  then  went  to  Texas.  Later  he  re- 
turned to  Tennessee  and  in  1881  he  located 
in  Cheney,  Washington.  He  farmed  there  and 
did  timber  work  in  various  other  sections  of 
the  state  until  1889  when  he  came  to  Stevens 
county.  He  took  a  homestead  which  was  so 
far  back  in  the  wilds  that  it  required  four  days 
for  him  and  four  other  men  to  cut  the  road  to 
it.  Mr.  Parker  bestowed  his  labors  upon  this 
farm  until  1901  when  his  thrift  had  accumu- 
lated him  sufficient  holdings  to  warrant  his  re- 
tirement from  active  life.  At  that  time  he 
bought  a  nice  block  of  lots  in  Addy,  and  has 
there  a  comfortable  home. 

In  1852  Mr.  Parker  married  Miss  Sallie, 
daughter  of  Joshua  Shilcut.  Our  subject  and 
his  estimable  wife  have  raised  the  following 
named  children:  Mandy,  Becky  J.,  Mollie, 
Mattie,  Ella,  Emma,  William.  Xcrcolus.  Mr. 
Parker  is  an  active  Republican. 


JOHN  SALVAGE,  who  is  conducting  a 
livery  and  feed  stable  in  Adcly  where  he  handles 
a  thriving  business,  is  known  as  a  man  of  sound 
principles  and  uprightness  both  in  his  dealing 
and  the  general  walk  of  life.  He  was  born  in 
Wells,  England,  February  i,  1842,  the  son  of 
Elish  and  Caroline  (Woodbridge)  Salvage, 
natives  of  England.  They  came  to  the  LTnited 
States  in  1858,  locating  in  New  York.  In  1873 
they  both  died,  the  dates  of  their  death  being 
only  twenty-seven  days  apart.  They  were  the 
parents  of  twelve  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living  as  follows :  Ann,  William,  John,  and 
Elizabeth.  Our  subject  had  but  limited  oppor- 
tunity to  secure  an  education,  but  his  tenacity 
of  purpose  and  constant  industry  have  supplied 
him  with  a  good  fund  of  knowledge.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  enlisted  in  the  One  hun- 
dred and  Twenty-second  New  York  Volunteer 
Infantry  under  Colonel  Titus,  who  was  later 
replaced  by  Colonel  Dewitt,  who  by  death  gave 
way  to  Colonel  Wallpool.  Mr.  Salvage  showed 
himself  to  be  a  man  of  courage  and  ability 
when  fighting  for  the  flag,  and  made  a  record 
of  which  no  man  may  be  ashamed.  He  fought 
at  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Gettysburg. 
Spottsylvania,  in  the  Wilderness,  at  Rappa- 
hannock, and  at  Cold  Harbor  was  seriously 
wounded.  He  languished  in  the  hospital  at 
Iiihnson  Island  for  five  montlis  but  on  the  8th 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


283 


of  November,  1864,  he  again  joined  Iiis  com- 
mand and  soon  thereafter  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Petersburg.  It  was  his  brigade,  and 
he  was  one  of  the  douglity  ones  in  it,  which 
stormed  and  broke  the  enemy's  Hnes  there. 
Mr.  Salvage  was  in  at  the  surrender  of  Lee  and 
Johnston  and  in  June,  1865,  he  received  his  dis- 
charge papers  with  as  worthy  a  record  as  any 
veteran  can  show.  After  the  war  he  farmed 
in  New  York,  Iowa  and  Kansas  until  1887, 
when  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  Washington. 
Here  he  farmed  for  one  year  then  built  a  saw 
mill.  The  operation  of  this  occupied  him  for 
ten  years  and  then  he  turned  to  his  farm. 
In  January,  1897,  he  moved  to  Addy  and  built 
a  livery  bam.  In  addition  to  his  farm  and  saw 
mill,  he  owns  the  barn  where  he  is  doing  busi- 
ness now,  is  erecting  another  large  barn  on 
Main  street,  has  a  comfortable  residence  be- 
sides a  good  many  lots.  Mr.  Salvage  is  doing 
a  nice  business  and  has  a  good  assortment  of 
rigs  and  horses. 

On  October  4,  1867  Mr.  Salvage  married 
Miss  Emma  Phillips.  She  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  James,  Frank, 
George,  Carry,  and  Lillian.  In  1888  Mrs.  Sal- 
vage was  called  away  by  death.  In  1900  Mr. 
Salvage  married  Mrs.  Mary  Hedges,  and  they 
have  two  children,  Nora  and  John.  Mr.  Sal- 
vage is  a  worthy  member  of  the  G.  .\.  R.,  and 
is  an  influential  and  substantial  man  meriting 
and  receiving  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
fellows. 


BARNEY  RICKARD,  who  dwells  nine 
miles  south  of  Colville,  was  born  in  Stevens 
county,  on  November  12,  1864;  his  parents 
were  Coon  and  Catherine  Rickard,  natives  of 
Germany  and  Washington,  respectively.  They 
were  among  the  early  settlers  of  this. section 
and  were  parents  of  five  children. 

The  father  died  in  1892  and  the  mother  five 
years  later.  Our  subject  was  educated  at  Col- 
ville, and  at  Fort  Spokane,  until  ten  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  work  for  the  farmers  and 
in  the  winter  attended  the  district  school.  This 
continued  until  he  was  grown  up  when  he  took 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  where  he 
now  lives.  He  has  some  substantial  improve- 
ments on  the  farm,  as  buildings,  orchard,  and 
fences,  raises  about  a  score  of  cattle  each  year, 
and  cultivates  fiftv  acres  besides  his  meadow. 


In  1897,  Mr.  Rickard  married  Miss  Min- 
nie, daughter  of  Henry  and  Cora  Etne,  natives 
of  Canada  and  Oregon,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Rickard  has  nine  sisters  and  one  brother, 
Annie,  Julia,  Nellie,  May,  Virginia,  Esther, 
Emma,  Henry,  Phebe  and  Ida.  Mr.  Rickard 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
church  and  are  known  as  good,  substantial 
people  and  have  the  good  will  of  all. 


HARRISON  Y.  DORMAN  lives  five 
miles  north  from  Addy,  on  a  place  w'hich  his 
skill  and  enterprise  have  made  both  valuable 
and  beautiful.  The  estate  is  supplied  with  a 
good  residence  and  other  buildings,  a  choice 
orchard,  and  mountain  spring  water  piped 
through  all  the  buildings.  The  entire  premises 
indicate  the  thrift  and  good  taste  of  their  pro- 
prietor, whilfe  the  confidence  which  Mr.  Dor- 
man  enjoys  among  the  people,  shows  his  stand- 
ing in  the  valley. 

Harrison  Y.  Dorman  was  born  in  Harring- 
ton, Maine  on  January  i,  1840,  the  son  of 
Nathanial  and  Susannah  (Putnam)  Dorman, 
natives  of  Maine,  where  they  remained  until 
their  death.  The  father  was  a  relative  of 
Hannah  Weston,  who  was  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  War  of  1812  and  a  character  in 
history.  The  mother  was  closely  related  to 
General  Putnam  and  the  family  was  prominent 
in  New  England.  The  district  schools  of  Har- 
rington were  the  Alma  Mater  of  our  subject 
and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  he  laid  aside  his  books 
and  commenced  the  battle  of  life  in  earnest. 
Working  in  the  woods,  driving  on  the  rivers, 
handling  various  departments  of  the  sawmill, 
and  other  occupations  kept  young  Dorman  busy 
until  he  was  nineteen  years  old.  Then  he  came 
to  Minnesota  and  apprenticed  himself  to  learn 
the  millwright  trade.  For  twenty-five  years  he 
followed  that  and  some  of  the  finest  mills  in 
Minnesota  testify  to  his  ability  in  that  line.  He 
assisted  in  the  erection  of  some  of  the  leading 
mills  in  ^Minneapolis,  the  finest  in  the  world. 
The  last  work  he  did  there  was  on  the  great 
Pillsbury  A.  In  1883  he  started  a  repair  shop, 
and  in  1886  came  to  Washington,  locating  in 
Spokane.  He  did  general  carpentering  for  a 
while  then  opened  a  wagon  and  repair  shop 
which  he  conducted  until  he  came  to  Stevens 
county.     Here  he  bought  his  present  place  for 


iSs 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


one  thousand  dollars  and  has  since  devoted 
himself  to  farming. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  Mr. 
Dorman  pressed  to  the  front  and  with  nine 
other  men  began  to  form  a  compan)-.  Later 
they  were  joined  to  the  Tenth  Illyiois  under 
General  Prentiss.  Having  served  his  time,  he 
returned  to  Minnesota  in  1862,  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  terrible  Sioux  war.  He  at  once  offered  his 
services  to  the  government  and  for  two  years 
he  was  occupied  in  scouting.  In  the  fall  of 
1864  he  enlisted  under  General  Sherman  and 
participated  in  the  great  march  to  the  sea.  He 
was  in  constant  skirmishing  most  of  the  time 
and  also  participated  in  several  of  the  large  en- 
gagements in  this  campaign.  With  Sherman's 
command  he  returned  to  Washington,  D.  C., 
where  he  participated  in  the  grand  review  and 
was  mustered  out  and  returned  to  Minnesota. 

In  1863  Mr.  Dorman  married  Miss  Sarah 
A.,  daughter  of  Eliga  and  Emelia  (Patridge) 
Townsand,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  were  pio- 
neers to  Minnesota,  but  later  the  father  went  to 
Texas  when  he  died.  The  mother,  now  a  \en- 
erable  lady  of  ninet3'-two,  resides  with  Mr. 
Dorman.  Mr.  Dorman  is  a  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R.  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist 
church.  They  are  very  popular  people  and  of 
excellent  standing. 


GARLAND  DORAIAX.  The  scion  of  a 
family  prominent  in  the  Colville  valley,  as  their 
ancestors  and  relatives  are  and  have  been  in  the 
east,  a  rising  young  man  of  ability  and  bright 
prospects,  whose  standing  is  of  the  best  in  the 
community,  it  is  quite  fitting  that  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  should  be  entitled  to  represen- 
tation in  this  volume. 

Garland  Dorman  was  born  in  Meeker 
county,  Minnesota,  in  1880.  the  son  of  Harri- 
son and  Sarah  (Townsend)  Dorman,  natives 
of  Maine  and  Iowa,  respectively.  They  settled 
in  Minnesota  when  young,  and  in  1886  moved 
from  Meeker  county,  that  state,  to  Spokane. 
Five  years  later,  they  came  to  Stevens  county 
where  they  reside  at  the  present  time.  The 
father  is  a  cousin  of  General  Putnam  and  his 
history  is  mentioned  more  particularly  in  an- 
other portion  of  this  volume.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  Spokane  and  in  the  Colville  valley 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty  he  inaugurated  inde- 


pendent action.  Various  employments  en- 
gaged him  until  he  took  his  present  estate,  four 
miles  north  of  Addy,  as  a  homestead.  Since 
then  he  has  devoted  himself  to  improving  his 
farm  and  to  handling  timber  products.  He 
owns  considerable  valuable  timber,  has  a  first- 
class  logging  outfit,  and  does  a  good  business. 
On  October  23,  1901,  Mr.  Dorman  married 
Miss  Sadie,  daughter  of  D.  C.  and  Mary 
(Nash)  Eley,  natives  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Eley  is  a 
veteran  of  the  Civil  War  and  ex-county  audi- 
tor of  Stevens  county.  Mr.  Dorman's  brothers 
and  sisters  are  mentioned  in  his  father's  his- 
tory. Mrs.  Dorman  has  five  brothers  and  one 
sister:  Hiram,  Charlie,  George,  Fred,  Eugene 
and  Mamie. 


JOHN.KEOUGH  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Colville  \alley.  His  enter- 
prise, his  energy,  and  his  executive  ability  have 
been  demonstrated  b}'  an  almost  unlxjunded 
succeess  in  handling  general  farming,  stock 
raising  and  mining.  At  the  present  time  he  is 
considered  one  of  the  leading  operators  in  these 
lines  in  this  section.  John  Keough  was  born 
in  Port  Burrell,  Canada,  on  October  28,  1847, 
the  son  of  John  J.  and  Fannie  F.  (Cope) 
Keough,  natives  of  Canada  and  Iowa,  respect- 
ively. The  parents  became  acquainted  and 
were  married  in  Canada.  Three  years  later 
they  moved  to  Michigan  and  in  that  state  and 

!  in  Colorado  they  lived  until  1887,  when  the 
father  died.     In  1884  the  mother  with  the  chil- 

j  dren  crossed  the  plains  to  Baker  City,  where 
she  died  in  1900.  Eight  children  were  the  fruit 
of  this  marriage :  John,  Thomas,  Maggie,  Will- 
iam J.,  Alice.  Frank,  Minnie  and  Catherine. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Illinois 
and  the  other  places  where  the  parents  lived 
subsequently.  He  remained  at  home  until  nin- 
teen  and  then  secured  employment.  de\'Oting  his 
earnings  to  the  support  of  the  family  for  some 
years  thereafter.  He  labored  in  the  lumber 
woods  in  Indian  Territory,  on  the  farm  and  in 
the  lead  mines  of  Colorado  and  at  other  occu- 
pations. In  1884  he  crossed  the  plains  with 
wagons  and  teams  direct  to  Stevens  county, 
where  he  landed  on  No\-em1>er  7.  Mr.  Keough 
at  once  took  a  pre-emption  where  he  now  lives, 
and  began  the  good  v.^ork  of  improvement.  He 
erected  buildings,  Ijought  more  land  and  then 
was  forced  to  see  all  his  imprm-ements  go  up 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


285 


in  smoke.  Nothing  daunted,  he  built  again 
and  a  second  time  all  his  possession  and  build- 
ings and  goods  were  consumed  by  fire.  Phoenix- 
like, Mr.  Keough  arose  a  third  time  and 
erected  better  buildings  than  before,  having 
now  a  commodious  barn,  outbuildings,  and  a 
beautiful  ten  room  residence.  All  the  other 
improvements  are  commensurate  therewith  and 
his  broad  acres  of  hay  and  crops,  together  with 
his  large  herd  manifest  the  prosperity  of  the 
Keough  estate.  In  1897,  '^^-  Keough  and  his 
sons  located  a  copper  claim  which  they  sold  re- 
cently for  sixty  thousand  dollars.  He  is  also  in- 
terested in  the  dead  meadow  group,  for  which 
interest  he  was  recently  offered  thirty  thousand 
dollars. 

On  March  25,  1874,  occurred  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  John  Keough  and  Mrs.  Julina  Bucks. 
Her  parents,  James  and  Susan  McClelland 
were  natives  of  Kansas  and  Tennessee  respec- 
tively. The  father  was  a  scout  for  General 
Lane  during  the  Civil  War  and  before  the  con- 
flict ended  he  perished.  The  mother  crossed  the 
plains  in  1873  and  settled  in  Stevens  county  in 
1880,  where  she  now  lives.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McClelland  were  parents  of  eleven  children : 
Sarah,  James,  Albert,  Susan  J.,  Hester,  Rob- 
ert, John  W.,  Perlee,  Julina,  Suphrona  and 
Daniel.  By  her  former  marriage,  Mrs.  Keough 
has  one  child,  Orillis.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keough 
have  the  following  children :  William  H.,  John 
W.,  Albert  E.,  Louis  D.,  and  Otto  O.  Mr. 
Keough  is  a  Republican  and  ever  active  for  the 
welfare  and  the  upbuilding  of  the  community. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Mrs.  Keough  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs. 


HARRY  M.  SEIGLE.  The  home  of  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  on  a  fine  estate  adjoin- 
ing Marcus  on  the  south,  and  is  so  situated 
that  from  his  veranda  he  can  view  the  sur- 
round country  and  the  rolling  Columbia  for 
many  miles.  Mr.  Seigle  is  an  orchardist  and  is 
one  of  the  well  known  and  substantial  citizens 
of  Stevens  county.  He  was  bom  in  Phillips- 
burg,  New  Jersey,  on  May  11,  1867.  His  par- 
ents, Jacob  and  Nar  (Metgler)  Seigle,  were 
natives  of  New  Jersey  where  also  they  died. 
The  father  was  a  merchant,  and  was  related  to 
General  Sigel.  a  well  known  general  of  the  Civil 
War.    Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in 


his  native  place  until  sixteen.  His  first  ven- 
ture was  employment  in  a  store  for  one  dollar 
and  a  half  a  week.  Some  time  after  this  he 
went  to  Brooklyn  and  took  passage  to  Eagle 
Rock,  Idaho,  and  as  he  had  very  little  money 
the  trip  was  frought  with  much  hardship  and 
self  denial.  He  secured  such  work  as  grubbing 
sage  brush  and  so  forth  at  various  places  until 
he  arrived  in  the  mining  country,  where  he  at 
once  engaged  at  four  dollars  per  day  and  con- 
tinued in  this  employment  for  nearly  two  years. 
He  returned  to  the  east  on  a  visit  and  then 
came  back  to  the  mines.  Later  he  went  to 
Magdalena,  Mexico  and  worked  in  the  Wild 
Turk  mine.  Next  we  see  him  in  Honduras, 
South  America,  then  he  did  placer  mining  near 
Bogota.  Not  being  successful,  he  returned  to 
San  Francisco  and  later  worked  his  way  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  where  he  remained  until 
the  fire  in  Spokane.  Subsequent  to  that  dis- 
aster he  opened  a  cigar  store  in  that  city  and 
later  he  left  that  for  prospecting  in  British  Col- 
umbia and  northern  Washington.  He  was 
quite  successful  and  made  some  good  sales.  In 
1894  he  settled  on  his  present  place,  known  as 
the  Brier  Rest,  and  since  then  he  has  devoted 
himself  entirely  to  improving  the  estate  and 
raising  fruit. 

In  1884  Mr.  Seigle  married  Miss  Madge 
A.  Weller.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seigle  have  been 
torn  two  children:  Viola  and  Ralph.  Mr. 
Seigle  is  liberal  in  political  matters.  Mrs. 
Seigle  is  a  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
church.  They  are  people  of  good  standing  and 
have  a  host  of  friends. 


MILLARD  F.  BELKNAP.  The  subject 
of  this  article  is  a  native  of  the  Occident  and  be- 
neath the  stars  of  this  favored  region  he  has 
passed  his  existence  until  the  present  time.  Mr. 
Belknap  is  to  be  numbered  among  the  success- 
ful and  substantial  stockmen  of  Stexens  county. 
His  estate  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  lies 
five  and  a  half  miles  south  from  Colville.  and 
is  one  of  the  valuable  and  successfully  handled 
places  of  the  valley.  It  is  w-ell  improved  with 
buildings,  fences,  and  orchards,  while  in  addi- 
tion to  the  annual  crops  it  supports  consider- 
able stock. 

Millard  F.  Belknap  was  born  in  Benton 
county,  Oregon  on  October  19,  1852,  the  son 
of    George   and    Keturah    (Renton)    Belknap, 


286 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


natives  of  Kentucky.  In  1848  they  were  emi- 
grants in  a  train  that  dragged  its  weary  way 
from  the  Missouri  river  to  the  WiUamette  val- 
ley and  no  one  but  those  who  have  experienced 
that  unique  pilgrimage  will  ever  understand  the 
deprivation  and  sufferings  which  the  pilgrims 
of  those  early  days  were  called  upon  to  endure. 
They  had  many  encounters  with  the  sa\age5. 
but  fate  decreed  that  none  of  their  little  band 
should  bleach  their  bones  on  the  desert  sands 
of  the  plains.  In  due  time,  settlement  was 
made  in  Benton  county,  and  that  was  the  home 
of  the  parents  until  1878.  Then  they  removed 
to  Spokane  county,  Washington  where  they 
lived  until  1895.  I"  ^^''^^  X^""  tbey  returned  to 
their  Oregon  home  and  there  in  September, 
1898,  the  father  was  called  to  depart  the  scenes 
of  earth.  The  mother  is  now  visiting  relatives 
in  Washington.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Benton  county,  and  his  life  was  spent  with  his 
father  for  thirty-five  years.  Then  he  moved  to 
his  present  location,  took  a  homestead  and 
bought  a  quarter  section  and  here  he  has  be- 
stowed his  labors  since. 

On  March  9,  1892,  Mr.  Belknap  married 
Miss  Alice,  daughter  of  Levi  and  Sarah 
■(Moore)  Cross,  natives  of  West  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  respectively.  They  came  to 
the  vicinity  of  Latah,  Washington,  in  1890  and 
nine  years  later  the  mother  died.  'Sir.  Cross  is 
still  smart  and  active,  aged  seventy-nine.  Mr. 
Belknap  is  a  good,  active  Republican  and  is 
always  found  in  his  place  in  the  conventions  as 
well  as  the  campaigns. 


GEORGE  H.  WTSNER.  In  at  least  two 
lines  of  industry  has  the  sitbject  of  this  article 
achieved  much  success,  and  this  desirable  end 
has  been  brought  about  by  the  native  ability, 
skill  and  enterprise  of  which  he  is  liberally  pos- 
sessed. His  home  is  four  miles  east  from  Col- 
ville  and  there  he  conducts  a  good  farm  and 
handles  a  fine  sawmill ;  his  mill  has  a  capacity 
of  eighteen  thousand  feet  per  day  and  during 
the  last  season  he  has  handled  over  one  million 
feet  of  lumber. 

George  H.  Wisner  was  born  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  November  12,  1842,  the  son  of 
James  and  Margeret  (McClaren)  Wisner,  na- 
tives of  Prince  Edward  Island  and  Scotland, 
respectively.    They  were  married  in  the  former 


place  and  there  remained  until  their  death.  The 
father  passed  away,  aged  seventy -five,  and  the 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  very  young. 
The  mother's  family  built  the  first  cioth  mill 
in  St.  Edward  Island,  and  the  same  is  in  opera- 
tion until  this  day.  They  were  prominent  and 
wealthy  people.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  James,  William,  Maria, 
Trophey,  Wellington,  and  Margret.  George 
H.  educated  himself,  largely,  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  entered  the  navy,  spending  one  year  in 
that  position.  Then  he  returned  home  and 
served  an  apprenticeship  with  his  father  who 
was  a  millwright.  In  1866  he  came  to  the 
L'nited  States  and  took  up  contracting  and 
building.  In  1887  he  came  to  Washington,  and 
from  Spokane  Falls  to  the  Little  Dalles  he  built 
all  the  railroad  bridges.  About  this  time  Mr. 
W'isner  took  a  homestead  four  miles  east  of 
Colville.  He  has  improved  it  in  good  manner, 
with  fences  and  orchards  and  in  addition  there- 
to has  erected  and  operated  the  mills  spoken  of 
above. 

On  March  13,  1879.  occurred  the  marriage 
of  i\Ir.  Wisner  and  Miss  Minne.  daughter  of 
Ruel  and  Mary  J.  ( Haynes)  Bickford.  of 
Maine.  Recently  they  moved  to  Michigan  and 
now  reside  there.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  Sarah, 
Mary  E.,  Minnie.  Alma,  Ruel  and  Nellie.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wisner,  four  children  have  been 
born:  Elsie  M.,  born  July  17.  1880,  and  now 
the  wife  of  Hugh  Galbraith,  of  British  Col- 
umbia; Irviene  R.,  born  January  8,  1883,  now 
serving  in  the  hospital  corps  in  the  Philippine 
Islands;  Bessie  and  Bertha,  at  home,  the 
former  bom  February  24,  1885,  and  the  latter 
September  12,  1888.  Mr.  Wisner  has  been  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  for  thirty 
years.  He  and  his  wife  are  communicants  of 
the  Baptist  church  and  are  people  of  excellent 
standing  in  the  community. 


HARRY  B.  LANE  lives  about  two  miles 
south  of  Meyers  Falls  and  devotes  himself  to 
farming  and  raising  stock.  He  was  bom  in 
Lake  county,  Oregon  on  March  6,  1876,  the 
son  of  R.  B.  and  Mary  C.  (Willis)  Lane,  na- 
tives of  Indiana  and  Missouri,  respectively. 
They  crossed  the  plains  in  1852  and  settled  ni 
Douglas  county,  Oregon.     In  1880  they  came 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


287 


to  Lincoln  county,  and  four  years  later  to 
Stevens  county.  In  1890  they  moved  to 
Seattle,  where  they  now  live.  Nine  children 
were  born  to  these  worthy  people:  V.  J., 
Charles  W.,  Harry,  C.  P.,  Robert,  M.  R.,  Ed- 
gar, and  Inez.  Our  subject  was  a  grandson  of 
General  Joseph  Lane  of  the  Civil  War,  and  re- 
lated to  Lafayette,  a  noted  statesman  of  Ore- 
gon, and  also  of  Dr.  Harry  Lane  of  Portland. 
Harry  B.  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  quit  the  books  when  he  was  six- 
teen. He  then  began  to  work  on  the  different 
farms,  until  he  located  on  the  place  where  he 
now  lives.  In  addition  to  handling  his  farm 
•he  does  a  good  deal  of  timber  work  in  the  win- 
ter. Mr.  Lane  also  owns  some  fine  mining 
property  on  Flat  creek,  this  county. 

In  1901  Mr.  Lane  married  Miss  Hattic. 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Eva  (Sutton)  Rosen- 
crans,  natives  of  New  York  and  Ohio,  respec- 
tively. They  came  west  in  1890  and  now  dwell 
in  Meyers  Falls.  Mrs.  Lane  has  three  brothers  : 
Charlie,  Ned,  and  Elmer  deceased.  One  child, 
Orval,  has  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lane. 


JAMES  T.  SALVAGE.  In  the  industrial 
world  of  Stevens  county,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  stands  well,  having  been  connected  with 
the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  lumber  pro- 
ducts here  for  more  than  a  decade.  He  has 
built  numerous  mills  throughout  the  county 
and  is  now  erecting  one  at  Meyers  Falls.  His 
home  is  at  Addy  where  he  owns  a  good  resi- 
dence, a  number  of  lots  and  other  property.  He 
also  owns  property  in  Spokane,  Colville,  and 
Meyers  Falls.  James  T.  Salvage  was  born  in 
Marcelles,  New  York,  on  June  21,  1867,  the 
son  of  John  and  Emma  (  Philips)  Salvage,  na- 
tives of  England  and  New  York,  respectively. 
In  1869  the  family  moved  to  Iowa,  where  they 
farmed  for  nine  years.  Then  they  journeyed 
on  to  Kansas,  and  there  the  mother  died  in 
1885.  In  1888  the  father  came  to  Stevens 
county  where  he  now  resides.  They  were  the 
parents  of  five  children:  James  T.,  the  subject 
of  this  article;  John  F.,  George  E.,  Carry  and 
William.  At  the  age  of  eleven,  James  left 
school  at  Butler  county,  in  Kansas,  and  went 
to  work  on  a  sheep  ranch.  He  followed  that 
for  a  good  many  years.  Lfpon  arriving  in  Ste- 
vens county  Mr.  Salvage  embarked  in  the  saw 


milling  business  and  has  given  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  it  since  that  date.  He  is  known  as  one 
of  the  most  skillful  saw  mill  men  in  the  Colville 
country. 

In  1893  Mr.  Salvage  married  ]\Iiss  Emma, 
daughter  of  George  and  Mercy  (Hood) 
Chamberlain,  natives  of  New  York.  From 
New  York,  the  parents  came  to  Nebraska, 
thence  to  Kansas  and  in  1890  to  the  Big  Bend 
country.  Later  they  came  to  Stevens  county 
and  here  the  father  died  in  1894.  Mrs.  Salvage 
has  four  brothers,  George  S.,  William,  Frank, 
and  Theodore.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Salvage  have 
been  born  four  children :  Fred,  Ralph,  Dora, 
and  May.  Mr.  Salvage  is  liberal  in  politics, 
and  is  a  man  of  broad  views  and  public  spirit. 
He  belongs  to  the  W.  W.  and  Mrs.  Salv.ige  is 
a  member  of  the  denomination  known  as  the 
Saints. 


ARTHUR  G.  \\\\LTER  lives  alx)ut  three 
miles'  south  of  ]\Ieyers  Falls,  upon  an  estate 
which  he  secured  by  the  homestead  right.  In 
addition  to  general  farming,  he  devotes  much 
of  his  labor  to  logging,  and  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing stock  men  of  the  county  also,  being  very 
successful  in  his  enterprises.  He  was  born  in 
Summerville,  Michigan  on  March  7,  1856,  the 
son  of  Edgar  and  Mary  (Durby)  Walter,  na- 
tives of  New  York.  They  located  in  Miles, 
Michigan,  in  1845,  where  the  father  conducted 
a  mercantile  business  for  six  years.  Subsequent 
to  that  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  and  for 
twenty-seven  terms  he  followed  'that  occupa- 
tion. Farming  next  occupied  him  and  in  1895 
he  returned  to  merchandising,  in  which  busi- 
ness he  still  continues.  The  mother's  father 
came  to  California  in  early  days  and  secured  a 
nice  fortune.  When  returning  with  it,  he  was 
robbed  and  killed.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  from  the  common  school,  and  at 
sixteen  laid  aside  his  books  to  enter  the  avoca- 
tions of  life.  For  five  years  he  wrought  for 
wages  in  various  sections  from  Michigan  to 
Dakota  and  in  1890  came  to  Genesee.  The 
same  year  he  journeyed  to  Meyers  Falls  and 
took  a  pre-emption.  He  traded  this  property 
for  stock  and  then  bought  a  man's  right  to  his 
present  place.  He  has  the  farm  well  improved 
with  buildings,  orchard,  and  so  forth,  and  an 
air  of  thrift  pervades  the  entire  premises. 

On  July  9,  1890,  Mr.  Walter  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Alice,  (laugliter  of  Henry  and  Mary  (William) 
Cameron,  natives  of  Michigan,  where  they  still 
reside,  aged  seventy -eight  and  se\-enty,  respec- 
tively. To  this  marriage  two  children  have 
been  torn  :  Rex,  deceased,  and  Winnie  D.  I\Ir. 
and  Mrs.  \\'alter  have  also  adopted  one  child, 
Marian  A.  Mr.  \\'alter  is  a  good,  active  Re- 
publican, takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  affairs  of 
the  county  and  state,  and  in  1897  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  county  convention. 

In  addition  to  his  other  occupations,  Mr. 
Walter  has  a  fine  orchard,  and  a  nice  berry 
farm,  both  of  which  add  materially  to  his  an- 
nual income.  His  is  one  of  the  finest  places  in 
his  section. 


LOUTHER  W.  IMEYERS  was  born  in 
Belleville.  Ontario,  on  April  28.  1833.  and  now 
lives  in  Meyers  Falls.  Mr.  Meyers  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  of  the  Inland  Empire; 
well  known  as  a  pioneer  with  energy  and  almost 
boundless  resources :  as  a  man  of  integrity  and 
uprightness,  controlled  by  an  indomitable  will 
which  was  ever  tempered  by  keen  discrimina- 
tion and  sound  judgment,  to  him  the  country 
is  indebted  in  many  ways,  and  in  a  measure 
which  perhaps  may  never  be  fully  repaid.  But 
it  is  very  pleasant  to  contemplate  that  in  the 
place  where  he  threaded  the  wilds  as  a  scout 
and  precursor  of  the  wave  of  civilization  that 
was  to  follow,  planted  the  infant  industries  and 
built  the  first  outposts,  he  is  now  dwelling  in 
retired  comfort  with  the  esteem  and  loving  con- 
fidence of  all  who  have  Ijecome  acquainted  with 
him. 

The  parents  of  our  subject  were  Wil- 
liam Henry  and  Jane  (Meyers)  Meyers, 
natives  of  Ontario,  where  they  remained 
until  their  death.  Our  subject's  great-grand- 
fatlier,  who  was  of  German  e.xtraction, 
was  a  Tory,  and  held  a  captain's  com- 
mission from  the  British.  It  was  his 
intention,  in  company  with  the  Indian  chief. 
Grant,  to  take  General  Skyler  prisoner,  but  the 
doughty  and  true  old  general  escaped  them  and 
years  afterwards  visited  this  captain  and  ex- 
plained to  him  how  he  did  it.  This  captain's 
name  was  Walter  Meyer,  the  original  name  of 
the  Meyers  family."  The  father  and  seven 
brothers  of  this  captain  fought  for  the  Ameri- 
can cause,  but  through  the  influence  of  the 
mother,  this  one  joinecl  the  British  ranks. 


Louther  W.  was  educated  and  learned  the 
cabinet  makers  trade  in  his  native  land.  Tn 
1850  he  made  his  first  visit  to  the  United 
States.  He  was  back  and  forth  between  Can- 
ada and  the  United  States  until  1862  when  'le 
came  to  Fort  Winnipeg  and  thence  to  Colv'ile, 
arriving  here  on  October  22,  1862.  He  ,is- 
sisted  with  his  own  hands  to  construct  the 
Ijuildings  for  the  post  also  to  repair  the  first 
mill  known  as  the  old  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
mill,  which  supplied  flour  all  over  the  country 
adjacent.  In  1865  Mr.  Meyers  determined  to 
try  mining  and  for  two  years  he  most  arduously 
followed  that  calling.  On  the  last  day  of  his 
trip  he  took  out  twenty-eight  ounces  of  gold, 
worth  nineteen  dollars  and  twenty-five  cents  an 
ounce.  Notwithstanding  the  good  fortune  of 
that  day,  his  mining  venture  was  a  loss  of  two 
years'  hard  labor  and  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  cash.  Then  he  leased  the  old  grist  mill 
and  operated  the  same  for  many  years  and  inter 
tore  it  down  and  erected  a  new  one.  \\'hen 
Mr.  Meyers  came  to  this  country  in  1862  he 
left  his  wife  and  two  sons  in  Canada.  In  1869 
he  sent  for  them.  The  family  was  re-united  at 
Walla  Walla.  They  at  once  came  to  this  section 
and  Mrs.  Meyers  purchased  a  tract  of  land. 
This  was  the  family  home  until  1888  when  Mr. 
Meyers  took  a  homestead;  upon  this  and  the 
wife's  estate  they  lived  until  1901.  when  they 
came  to  their  present  abode  in  Meyers  Falls. 
]\Ir.  Meyers  owns  a  large  portion  of  the  town- 
site  at  Colville.  one-third  of  the  entire  town 
site  and  immense  water  power  at  Meyers  Falls, 
has  twelve  hundred  acres  of  timber  and  farm- 
ing land  and  much  other  property.  The  water 
power  at  Meyers  Falls  is  utilized  for  saw  mill- 
ing, flour  milling  and  operating  a  large  electric 
plant.  Mr.  Meyers  has  always  been  the  mov- 
ing spirit  in  inaugurating  industries  for  the  tle- 
velopment  of  the  resources  of  the  country,  and 
the  utilization  of  the  immense  natural  produc- 
tions of  this  section. 

On  May  18,  1854,  occurred  the  nftrriage 
of  Mr.  Meyers  and  Miss  Mary  E..  daughter  of 
Noah  and  Margret  (McElwain)  Spaulding, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  New  York  respec- 
tively. The  father  was  a  self-made  man  and 
the  mother  from  the  age  of  sixteen  was  prom- 
inent in  educational  circles  and  other  lines.  Mrs. 
Meyers  is  a  descendant  of  the  noted  Spaulding 
family  which  traces  its  family  tree  back  to  the 
eisfhth  centurv.     Ethan  Allan  and  other  noted 


LOUTHER    W.   MEYERS. 


SAMUEL    F.  SHERWOOD. 


DANIEL    J.   ZENT. 


ANDREW    HUGHSON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


289 


personages  are  members  of  the  family.  The  be- 
loved missionar3%  Reverend  Spalding  of 
Walla  Walla  was  also  a  member  of  the  family. 
Mrs.  Meyers  has  five  brothers  and  sisters,  Will- 
iam B.,  Noah  Allen,  Jacob  D.,  Mellicent  V., 
Henry  M.  Mr.  Meyers  was  an  only  child. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  worthy 
couple,  Jacob  Allen,  with  his  parents;  George 
E.,  a  merchant  at  Meyers  Falls;  Elizabeth  V., 
wife  of  Jesse  L.  Cogle,  in  Meyers  Falls.  Mr. 
Meyers  is  an  Abraham  Lincoln  Republican  and 
has  ever  held  firmly  to  the  principles  of  his 
party.  He  has  never  sought  office,  but  fre- 
quently for  the  benefit  of  his  county  he  has  ac- 
cepted the  same.  On  one  occasion  when  his 
name  appeared  before  the  Republican  conven- 
tion for  cci'nty  commissioner,  he  was  beaten 
out  of  the  nomination  by  corrupt  men.  He  im- 
mediately announced  himself  as  an  independent 
candidate  and  carried  the  county  by  an  over- 
whelming majority. 


SAMUEL  F.  SHERWOOD,  who  at  this 
writing  is  mayor  of  the  town  of  Colville,  is  one 
of  the  prominent  men  of  Stevens  county  and  a 
leading  mine  owner  of  Ixith  the  Okanogan 
country  and  the  reservation  section.  He  was 
born  in  New  Rochelle,  New  York,  in  a  large 
inn  that  was  granted  to  his  ancestors  by  George 
III.  His  parents,  Lawrence  J.  and  Analiza 
(Winship)  Sherwood  were  both  descended 
from  prominent  American  families.  His 
father's  father  fought  in  the  Revolution  and 
his  large  inn  was  taken  possession  of  by  the 
British  as  a  hospital  but  after  tiie  war  he  gained 
it  again.  The  mother's  grandfather  was  a 
Frenchman  \\ho  fought  under  Napoleon  and 
later  was  a  planter  in  Martinique  where  he 
was  murdered  by  an  uprising  mob  of  negroes. 
His  daughters  were  taken  cajJtive  and  weie 
rescued  by  a  French  man  of  war.  Samuel  was 
educated  in  his  native  place  and  in  Hagerstown, 
Maryland.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexi- 
can war  lie  enlisted  and  served  throughout,  'oe- 
ing  discharged  at  Ft.  Hamilton,  New  York. 
He  was  wounded  by  a  gunshot  in  the  head  and 
by  a  stroke  on  the  head  and  had  a  serious  time 
with  brain  fever,  but  came  through  all  right. 
He  was  a  musician  in  the  First  New  York  .\r- 
tillery  under  Captain  Hazelton,  Colonel  Crane, 
of  Twigs  Division.     Following  the  war  he  was 


employed  as  engineer  on  a  merchant  line  from 
New  York  to  Havre,  France,  and  also  in  the 
navy.  Then  he  was  employed  by  Vanderbilt  at 
the  isthmus  and  in  Nicaragua  to  handle  a 
steamboat  on  the  river.  Later  as  he  was  going 
to  San  Francisco  from  New  York  aboard  the 
steamship  San  Francisco,  in  1853,  with  the 
Third  United  States  artillery  they  were  ship- 
wrecked off  Cape  Hatteras  and  he  was  rescued 
with  the  others  by  the  British  ship.  Three  Bells, 
and  taken  to  New  York.  He  later  returned  to 
San  Francisco  and  went  thence  to  the  Fraser 
river  country  and  prospected  but  did  not  suc- 
ceed and  returned  to  San  Francisco  and  went 
thence  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  was 
assistant  engineer  of  the  fire  department. 
At  the  time  of  the  Orofino  excitement  he 
went  to  search  for  gold.  This  was  in 
1861.  In  1864  he  journeyed  thence  to 
the  Kootenai  mines  and  one  year  later  to  Mon- 
tana. In  1867  he  came  to  Fort  Colville  engag- 
ing in  the  quartermaster's  department,  and 
two  years  later  was  elected  county  auditor  on 
the  Republican  ticket.  The  ne.xt  year  he  took  a 
ranch  at  Chewelah,  and  in  1871  and  for  a  year 
following  v.as  interpreter  for  the  government 
in  the  Indian  wars.  In  1890,  Mr.  Sherwood 
was  elected  county  auditor  again  and  since  the 
expiration  of  that  term  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  mining  and  has  some  very  valuable  proper- 
ties. In  1900.  Mr.  Sherwood  was  elected 
mayor  of  Colville  and  he  still  holds  the  position. 

Mr.  Sherwood  married  Mary  Goodhue,  of 
Atchison,  Kansas,  in  1892.  Her  father  died  in 
1890  at  Delta,  Colorado,  and  her  mother  still 
lives  there.  Mr.  Sherwood  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to 
the  Episcopalian  church.  In  1883  Mr.  Sherwood 
took  a  delegation  of  Indians  to  Washington,  D. 
C,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging  for  matters  of 
the  Columbia  reservation  and  among  those  who 
went  were  Chief  Moses,  Lott,  Tonaskat  and 
Sar-Sarp-Kin. 

Mr.  Sherwood  was  in  the  Nicaragua  coun- 
try during  the  filibuster  reign.  The  filibusters 
captured  Fort  San  Carlos  and  fired  on  the  river 
steamer  where  Mr.  Sherwood  was  engaged. 
He  was  the  target  for  numerous  bullets. 
Finally  the  authorities  appointed  Mr.  Sher- 
wood agent  to  negotiate  terms  of  peace  with 
the  occupants  of  the  fort.  He  went  at  the  work 
with  the  result  that  he  captured  the  fort  and  the 
entire  force  and  then  dictated  his  own  terms. 


HISTOJiY    OF    NORTH    V/ASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Sherwood  has  indeed  passed  a  varied 
career.  He  has  successively  fought  as  soldier ; 
wrought  on  the  merchant  marine ;  served  in  the 
United  States  na\-y;  been  steamlxjat  engineer, 
pathfinder,  frontiersman,  and  scout;  has  filled 
United  States,  state  and  county  offices;  and 
now  in  the  golden  days  of  his  life,  we  find  him 
quietly  serving  the  people  of  his  home  town  as 
chief  executive  and  devoting  his  time  to  mining 
interests,  of  which  he  has  a  large  share. 


COL.  DAXIEL  J.  ZEXT,  a  sterling  busi- 
ness man  of  ability  in  Colville,  is  best  known  as 
the  locater  of  the  property  and  the  promoter  of 
the  company  known  as  the  Jefferson  Marble 
company,  one  of  the  finest  properties  and  lead- 
ing companies  in  the  county.  They  have  an  im- 
mense property  and  the  quality  of  the  marble  is 
equal  to  the  best  ever  discovered  in  the  world 
up  to  this  time.  Col.  Zent  is  president  and 
manager  of  this  enterprise  and  is  pressing  the 
work  in  first  class  manner,  while  he  is  putting 
out  much  of  the  products  of  the  mine,  not  only 
to  make  die  property  known  but  is  handling  in 
a  commercial  way  a  good  output  and  will  in 
the  near  future  greatly  increase  this. 

Daniel  J.  Zent.  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New 
York,  on  May  8,  1839,  the  son  of  P.  J.  and 
Catherine  (Ebelheor)  Zent.  natives  of  France. 
The  father  came  to  Buffalo  in  1827.  He  was 
one  of  the  rear  guard  of  Napoleon's  army  at  the 
time  of  the  retreat  from  Moscow  and  was  cap- 
tured with  one  thousand  men,  being  one  of  ten 
that  were  finally  released,  the  rest  perishing  by 
reason  of  hardship.  The  mother's  people  had 
much  the  same  experience  and  they  never  re- 
ceive I  proper  remuneration  from  the  French 
government.  Our  subject  receivedhiseducation 
in  Buft'alo  and  when  sixteen  came  to  Illinois 
and  later  w  ent  to  Kansas,  arriving  there  during 
the  interesting  days  of  border  ruffianism.  Re- 
maining a  time,  he  Went  on  to  Colorado.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  men  in  California  gulch. 
In  June,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Sec- 
ond Colorado  Infantry  under  Colonel  Leaven- 
worth and  went  to  the  seat  of  war  passing 
through  Indian  Territory  and  Missouri.  Later 
they  were  consolidated  with  eight  hundred 
more  men  and  l:>eing  nKumted  were  called  the 
Second  Colorado  Cavalry.  They  fought 
Ouantrell   and   repelled    Price   and   then    were 


sent  to  the  plains  to  fight  Indians.  In  July, 
1865,  j\Ir.  Zent  was  discharged,  ha\ing  served 
widi  distinction  for  three  and  onedialf  years. 
He  settled  in  Kansas  and  farmed,  then  went 
to  Colorado  and  did  mining  and  merchandising. 
In  1877,  he  came  to  Oregon  and  Washington. 
In  1878,  he  was  burned  out  by  the  savages  of 
the  Bannock  war  but  built  again  and  sold  out 
in  1880.  He  journeyed  to  the  sound  and  did 
dairying  foi'  some  time  and  in  1894.  he  came  to 
Ritzville.  Washington.  Here  Colonel  Zent 
operated  a  first  class  hotel  for  four  years  and 
in  1898,  he  came  to  Colville  and  entered  the 
mercantile  field.  As  soon  as  the  discovery  of 
marble  was  made,  he  located  a  half  section,  or- 
ganized the  Jefferson  marble  company  and  sold 
out  his  store  and  devoted  his  entire  time  to  the 
development  of  the  properties.  His  excellent 
success  is  seen  when  we  note  that  the  property  is 
already  a  producer  and  has  gained  recognition 
from  all  roads  west  of  the  Mississippi.  He  has 
fine  machinery  of  the  most  approved  kind  and 
is  constantly  adding  more  and  the  prospectus 
of  the  company  shows  a  magnificent  property. 
The  company  has  expended  fifty  thousand  dol- 
lars to  develop  the  property  and  are  constantly 
putting  in  more  and  the  excellent  quality  of 
their  products,  the  exhaustless  quantity  and  the 
ready  demand  all  testify  of  the  real  worth  of 
the  enterprise. 

In  August,  1865,  Col.  Zent  married  Miss 
Charlotte  P.,  daughter  of  William  and  Pris- 
cilla  ( Thuston )  Woodruff,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  a  physician  and  settled 
in  Meadville.  Pennsylvania,  in  early  times.  He 
practiced  there  until  death  in  1849.  The 
mother  died  in  1891.  The  father  was  con- 
nected with,  the  Hyde  family  of  England,  dl- 
onel  Zent  is  a  prominent  Republican  and  his 
popularity  has  often  been  declared  by  h's  elec- 
tion to  important  offices.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R..  having  held  all  the  chairs,  and  of 
the  K.  P.  also.  I\Irs.  Zent  is  a  member  of  the 
relief  corps.  Col.  Zent  was  a  member  of  the 
Washington  state  committee  for  the  \\'orld's 
fair  in  Chicago. 

Colonel  Zent  is  also  owner  of  a  numl^er  of 
mineral  properties.  Among  them  is  one,  of 
which  he  is  sole  owner  and  manager,  called  the 
Frisco  Standard.  It  has  showings  to  equal 
any  in  this  vicinity.  The  ore  assays  three  hun- 
dred and  forty-eight  ounces  of  silver,  nine  per 
cent  copper,   twenty-three  per  cent  lead,  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


291 


eight  dollars  in  gold.  The  property  contains 
an  abundance  of  ore,  while  there  is  a  large 
tonnag"e  on  the  dump  awaiting  the  making  ot  a 
wagon  road. 


ANDREW  HUGHSOX  is  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  the  Col vi lie  valley  and  is  a 
worthy  pioneer,  a  patriotic  citizen  and  a  good 
substantial  man.  He  was  born  in  the  north  of 
Scotland  on  Shetland  isles,  on  September  25, 
1830,  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Sarah  (Henry) 
Hughson,  natives  also  of  Scotland,  where 
they  died  in  1847  ^"d  i8ji,  respectively. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  education  in  his 
native  place  and  worked  for  his  father  until 
nineteen,  and  then  came  to  British  Columbia. 
This  was  in  1850  and  the  next  year  he  crossed 
to  this  valley.  He  went  to  Vancouver  and  four 
years  later  journeyed  to  California,  remaining 
four  years.  Then  Mr.  Hughson  returned  to 
this  valley  and  took  his  present  place,  two  miles 
south  from  where  ("olville  is,  as  a  homestead 
and  commenced  the  good  work  of  developing. 
He  paid  seventy-five  dollars  for  a  little  heifer 
and  one  hundred  dollars  for  a  cow  and  this 
was  the  beginning  of  his  fine  band  of  stock 
which  he  owned  a  few  years  later.  In  1878,  he 
had  four  hundred  head  and  the  next  year  he 
took  a  beef  contract  to  furnish  the  government 
troops.  He  bought  land  in  addition  to  his 
homestead  and  put  up  .vast  quantities  of  hay 
and  since  those  early  days  has  continued  in  the 
stock  business.  When  Mr.  Hughson  came  here, 
there  were  but  two  white  settlers  and  an  officer 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  He  has  seen 
the  growth  and  development  of  this  section 
until  Stevens  county  is  one  of  the  leading  coun- 
ties of  Washington  and  already  bids  fair  to  be 
one  of  the  greatest  producers  in  various  lines 
of  the  northwest.  Mr.  Hughson  has  a  well  im- 
proved ranch,  plenty  of  good  hay  land  and  a 
fine  bunch  of  stock.  He  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Hugh,  Robert.  John  and 
Erasmus,  all  deceased :  Margaret  Williamson  : 
Hairy,  deceased,  and  Mary.  i\Ir.  Hughson  is 
one  of  the  stanch  Democrats  of  the  section  and 
good  service  as  county  commissioner  in  1873. 
He  is  a  man  of  capabilities  as  ha^  been  shown  in 
his  successful  career  here  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  him  representation 
in  this  volume. 


FRANK  GORDON  is  numbered  among 
the  agriculturists  and  stockmen  in  the  Colville 
valley.  His  home  is  about  two  miles  south  of 
Meyers  Falls,  where  he  has  a  very  nice  estate, 
well  improved  and  skillfully  handled.  Frank 
Gordon  was  Ixini  in  Atlanta.  Georgia,  on  April 
19,  1853,  the  son  of  Alexander  and  Julia 
( McGregor)  Gordon,  natives  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  and  Georgia.  They  were  married  at 
Atlanta,  Georgia.  They  went  to  Missouri 
later,  and  there  remained  until  the  death  of  the 
father  in  1863.  After  this  the  widow  went  to 
England  where  she  died  in  1868.  Our  subject 
has  six  brothers  and  sisters,  Richard,  Marcela, 
Jennie  M.,  Agnes,  Edwin  and  Kate.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  school  and  at  the  ten- 
der age  of  ten  years  stepped  out  to  meet  the 
responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  We  see  him 
first  in  Ohio,  then  in  Nebraska,  and  later  in 
Wyoming,  where  he  followed  the  wood  busi- 
ness until  1874.  In  the  next  year  Mr.  Gordon 
made  a  visit  to  the  east,  and  in  1876  enlisted  in 
the  regular  army.  He  took  part  in  a  number  of 
battles  with  the  Indians  among  which  was  the 
battle  of  Big  Horn,  where  Lieutenant  McKin- 
ney  was  killed.  After  his  honorable  discharge 
in  1 88 1  he  went  to  Colorado  and  did  railroad 
contracting  in  Boulder  county  and  at  Aspen. 
It  was  in  1889  that  Mr.  Gordon  came  to  Ste- 
vens county,  and  he  soon  selected  his  present 
homestead.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  farming  and  raising  stock  with  good 
success. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Gordon  and  Miss 
Adella  C,  daughter  of  Squire  and  Julia  (Ter- 
rill)  McClure,  natives  of  New  York,  was  cele- 
brated in  1882.  The  McClure  faniilv  are  re- 
lated to  Samuel  J.  Tilden.  Five  children  have 
been  torn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gordon  :  Hugh  M., 
Vivian  C,  Marshall  E.,  Rov  and  Frank  E. 


ORIN  COATES  lives  about  two  miles 
south  of  Meyers  Falls  and  devotes  his  labors  to 
farming.  He  was  born  in  Wilkesbarre,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  July  23,  1837.  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Martha  (  Cremer)  Coates,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  family  moved  down  the  Ohio 
river  to  St.  Louis  and  our  subject  well  re- 
members on  this  trip  they  used  pork  for  fuel,  it 
being  cheaper  than  wood.  Upon  leaving  the 
boat  thev   drove  across  the  countrv  to   Iowa 


292 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


where  settlement  was  made.  It  is  interesting 
to  note  tlie  prices  that  ruled  at  that  time.  A 
man's  wages  were  eight  dollars  a  month ;  a 
good  cow  could  be  bought  for  eight  dollars. 
Pork  was  one  cent  per  pound.  In  the  spring  of 
1852  they  moved  to  Cottage  Grove,  r^Iinnesota, 
and  the  next  year  to  St.  Paul,  where  the  father 
conducted  Governor  Ramsey's  farm  for  three 
years.  After  this  they  went  to  Rice  county, 
then  to  Douglas  county,  and  in  1885  came  to 
Custer  county.  Montana,  and  on  June  12,  1889, 
Mr.  Coates  arrived  in  Stevens  county  and  lo- 
cated the  place  where  he  now  lives.  It  was 
heavily  timbered  and  requiretl  much  labor  to 
make  a  fine  producing  farm.  On  October  14, 
1861,  our  subject  enlisted  in  the  first  Minne- 
sota Infantry  under  Captain  John  H.  Parker 
and  Colonel  John  B.  Sanborn  of  St.  Paul.  He 
served  until  January  i,  1864,  being  honorably 
discharged.  He  immediately  re-enlisted  being 
honorably  discharged  from  this  service  on  July 
19,  1865.  Mr.  Coates  participated  in  the  fol- 
lowing battles:  siege  of  Corinth.  luka,  Ray- 
mond, second  battle  of  Corinth.  Jackson,  Mis- 
sissippi. Champian  Hill,  and  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  the  assault  of  Vicksburg  which  con- 
tinued for  forty-eight  days.  Missionary  Ridge, 
the  siege  of  Savannah.  After  this  he  went  to 
Richmond  and  then  to  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
where  he  retired  from  the  service. 

On  December  29,  1869,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Coates  and  Julia,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Harness)  Madon.  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  The  parents  moved  to 
Wisconsin,  and  then  to  Minnesota,  where  they 
remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Coates  adopted  Frank  R.  Jones  and  also  their 
niece  who  is  now  visiting  her  relatives  in  the 
east.  Mr.  Coates  is  liberal  in  political  matters 
and  always  takes  an  active  part  in  the  cam- 
paigns. Mrs.  Coates  is  a  member  of  the  Sev- 
enth Dav  Adventist  church. 


WILLIAM  \'.  BROWN,  deceased.  Since 
the  subject  of  this  memoir  is  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  the  Colville  valley  and  one  of  the 
most  ardent  and  faithful  laborers  for  the  devel- 
opment of  the  country,  it  is  very  fitting  that  a 
special  mention  of  him  should  be  granted  in 
this  volume.  William  V.  Brown  was  born  in 
New  York  city  on   Septemljer   18.    1826,  and 


was  the  first  boy  to  peddle  matches  in  the  streets 
of  that  now  great  metropolis.  His  grit,  en- 
ergy, and  keenness  were  manifested  in  that  he 
not  only  paid  his  own  way  and  educated  him- 
self, but  also  furnished  the  money  to  educate 
his  brother,  James  L.,  who  later  became  one  of 
the  great  physicians  of  the  world  and 'was  an 
associate  of  Drs.  Agnew  and  Hamilton,  and 
other  noted  medical  men.  He  was  the  author 
of  several  important  medical  works.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  our  subject  went  to  Georgia  and 
in  1849  1''^  went  to  South  America  and  thence 
to  California,  where  he  mined  on  the  north  fork 
of  the  American  ri\er  until  1861.  Fortune 
favored  him  and  he  gained  the  nice  competence 
of  thirty  thousand  dollars.  Being  a  very  pa- 
triotic and  loyal  supporter  of  the  government 
he  spent  the  entire  fortune  in  the  gul^ernatorial 
campaign  in  that  year  using  his  influence  for 
the  election  of  Governor  Stanford.  The  gov- 
ernor offered  later  to  reimburse  Mr.  Brown  by 
transferring  to  him  numerous  shares  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  but  Bown  pomptly 
replied,  "I  did  not  spend  the  money  for  you, 
but  for  the  good  of  my  country."  In  1862 
Mr.  Brown  went  to  Fraser  river,  British  Col- 
umbia and  did  some  mining,  but  not  being  sat- 
isfied there,  he  started  for  the  Colville  country, 
which  he  finally  reached  after  arduous  journey- 
ing. He  mined  at  Roger's  bar  on  the  Columbia 
and  also  conducted  a  small  merchandise  busi- 
ness until  the  great  excitement  of  the  French 
Creek  country,  in  the  big  bend  of  the  Columbia 
in  British  Columbia.  He  then  started  a  general 
merchandise  business  at  Marcus  and  became 
associated  with  Abrams  &  Company  of  Col- 
ville in  the  same  business.  They  started  a 
branch  store  at  French  Creek.  It  was  during 
this  time  that  Mr.  Brown  accumulated  three 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  It  was  gained 
through  mining  and  later  he  lost  the  entire 
fortune  by  failures  in  mining.  He  promoted 
various  industries  and  was  always  a  public  spir- 
ited citizen,  and  at  one  time  he  started  the  only 
ferry  on  the  Columbia  river  above  Wallula. 

^Ir.  Brown  was  married  in  1864.  and  one 
son,  Charles  F.,  was  the  fruit  of  this  union. 
William  V.  Brown  was  descended  from  Lord 
Vernar  on  his  mother's  side.  Charles  F.  Brown, 
the  only  son  of  our  subject,  was  born  on  July 
17,  1865.  He  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
H.  M.  and  Julia  Signor.  and  they  have  two 
(laughters.  Alary  \'.  and  Geraldine  G.     At  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


293 


present  time  he  is  handling  a  barber  business  in 
Meyers  Falls.  William  V.  Brown  died  on 
January  13.  1888,  mourned  by  all  who  knew 
him,  for  he  was  a  good  man,  actuated  by  sound 
principles,  and  ever  manifesting  the  integrity 
and  uprightness  that  are  so  becoming  the  true 
man. 


HENRY  MORGAN  has  had  large  experi- 
ence in  most  of  the  western  mining  camps, 
since  the  early  fifties.  He  is  now  dwelling  three 
miles  east  of  Meyers  Falls  and  devotes  his  en- 
tire time  to  mining  and  farming.  He  was  born 
in  Iowa,  on  March  16,  1830,  the  son  of  Owen 
and  Bridget  (Cady)  Morgan,  natives  of  Gal- 
laway,  Ireland.  They  came  to  America  in 
1826.  lived  in  Minnesota  and  later  in  Ohio 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Our 
subject  has  four  brothers  and  sisters,  Mary 
Coyne,  Bridget  Osborn,  Julia,  deceased,  and 
William.  Henry  studied  in  the  common 
schools  and  when  eleven  went  to  Illinois  with 
his  brother.  Later  they  traveled  to  Iowa  then 
to  Missouri  and  finally  to  Salt  Lake  City.  The 
gold  fever  led  them  on  the  California,  and  when 
they  were  camped  near  the  Mountain  Meadow 
massacre  ground  seventy-five  Indians  over- 
hauled them.  The  whites  were  eleven  in  num- 
ber, including  Mrs.  Simpson  and  an  adopted 
daughter  of  eighteen  years  of  age.  The  savages 
sent  word  by  an  interpreter,  Enoch,  that  they 
would  fight  them  unless  they  were  given  an  ox 
as  a  peace  offering.  The  little  band  was  not  to 
be  daunted  and  refused  the  demand.  After 
camp,  they  made  a  display  of  their  ammuni- 
tion and  prepared  for  a  fight,  which,  however, 
was  not  to  be  as  the  interpreter  saw  their  ef- 
forts and  counciled  his  people  not  to  risk  it. 
Mr.  Morgan  had  first  discovered  the  Indians,' 
who  were  Piutes.  he  being  a  mile  behind  the 
main  train.  An  Indian  tried  to  swap  a  water- 
melon for  his  gun,  but  could  not  make  the  deal. 
At  dusk,  the  night  of  the  expected  attack,  they 
drove  on  and  the  next  day  burned  their  wagons 
and  packed  the  goods  on  the  oxen.  The  trip 
was  very  arduous  and  trying.  However,  ar- 
riving in  California,  they  found  employment  in 
various  places,  but  later  through  a  mishap  they 
were  separated  at  Los  Angeles,  and  for  two 
years  sought  each  other.  One  day  when  our 
subject  started  to  the  grazing  fields  for  some 
horses  he  met  his  brother.  wh(>  was  in  charge 


of  a  brick  kiln.  They  immediately  pooled  their 
capital  and  went  to  work  and  after  the  business 
was  completed  divided  their  profit.  Our  sub- 
ject had  sufficient  to  buy  a  nice  large  freighting 
outfit.  Later  we  see  him  in  the  mines  where  he 
struck  some  fine  pay  gravel,  and  while  working 
in  these  camps  he  had  the  privilege  one  day  of 
viewing  three  hundred  thousand  dollars  worth 
of  gold  dust  in  one  little  log  cabin.  In  1878  he 
went  to  Nevada,  later  came  to  Castle,  Wash- 
ington, then  went  to  the  Eraser  river  country 
whence  he  returned  to  the  United  States  and 
finally  located  near  the  Old  Dominion.  In 
1886  he  took  up  a  homestead,  but  sold  the  same 
later  and  bought  his  present  place  in  1902. 
Mr.  Morgan,  in  addition  to  his  real  estate,  owns 
the  Neglected  and  the  Dew  Drop,  besides  other 
promising  mining  property.  He  is  liberal  in 
political  matters,  is  a  substantial  citizen  and  one 
of  the  jolly  bachelors  of  Stevens  county. 


DAVID  ST.  PERE  is  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  the  Colville  valley  and  ever  since  the 
days  that  he  came  to  the  wilds  of  this  region, 
he  has  devoted  himself  to  worthy  labor,  both 
enhancing  his  own  property  holdings  and  the 
welfare  of  the  community.  At  present  he  re- 
sides three  miles  south  from  Marcus,  on  a 
half  section  of  land  which  his  industry  and 
thrift  have  made  a  beautiful  and  valuable  farm. 
Two  hundred  acres  are  laid  under  tribute  for 
crops  annually  and  he  cuts  each  year  about 
three  hundred  tons  of  hay.  Also,  Mr.  St.  Pere 
raises  some  fine  stock,  having  about  fifty  head 
at  present.  Some  of  his  animals  are  very  val- 
uable. 

David  St.  Pere  was  born  in  Three  Rivers. 
Canada,  on  February  15,  1836,  the  son  of 
Frank  and  Elenore  (Gingrand)  St.  Pere,  na- 
ti\'es  of  Canada,  where  they  died  in  1888  and 
1850  respectively.  David  received  his  educa- 
tional training  from  the  common  schools  of 
Three  Rivers  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  came 
to  New  York.  Two  }'ears  later  he  went  via 
the  Isthmus  to  California,  and  after  five  years 
in  the  Golden  state  he  was  carried  on  the 
crest  of  the  Fraser  river  excitement  to  that 
region.  For  fourteen  years  Mr.  St.  Pere 
sought  gold  successfully  there  then  came  to 
Stevens  county.  He  took  land  where  he  now 
lives  and  has  spent  the  intervening  years  here. 


294 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


When  Mr.  St.  Pere  first  came  here  all  the  goods 
were  freighted  from  Walla  Walla. 

In  1865,  Miss  Milly,  daughter  of  Peter 
Goin,  became  the  wife  of  Mr.  St.  Pere.  Peter 
Goin  is  one  of  the  well  known  characters  of 
early  history  in  this  valley  and  was  the  officer 
of  the  Hudson"s  Bay  Company  who  constructed 
old  Fort  Colville.  '  He  died  "in  1859,  but  his 
widow  is  still  living.  Six  children  were  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  St.  Pere :  William,  deceased ; 
Elenore,  wife  of  John  Witty;  James  E.,  de- 
ceased: Florence;  David;  Addie,  wife  of  Mr. 
Sampere,  and  now  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
St.  Pere  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church, 
and  are  known  as  upright  people. 


ALFRED  McKINNEY  resides  four  miles 
north  of  Marcus,  and  gives  his  attention  to 
farming  and  mining.  He  was  born  in  Rich- 
mond, Indiana,  on  .August  2,  1836,  the  son  of 
David  and  Rachel  (Gared)  ]\IcKinney,  natives 
of  North  Carolina.  His  ancestors  were  patriots 
in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  has  nine 
brothers  and  sisters :  Margaret,  Mary,  William, 
Whitman.  Elizabeth,  Henry,  Angeline.  Rachel. 
and  an  infant  that  died  before  being  named. 
Alfred  recei\ed  a  common  school  education  in 
Augusta  county,  Iowa,  and  in  1859  crossed  the 
plains  to  California.  In  the  course  of  their 
travels  they  came  upon  a  train  of  immigrants 
that  had  been  massacred  by  the  savages ;  they 
buried  the  dead,  and  rescued  as  many  persons 
as  possible,  taking  also  some  of  the  stock,  which 
they  returned  to  the  owners  on  ahead.  Ar- 
riving in  California,  he  gave  himself  at  once  to 
mining;  on  February  7,  1862,  he  sailed  for 
Portland,  and  a  short  time  later  went  on  to 
Florence,  afterward  returning  to  California. 

Later  he  was  in  Virginia  City,  then  in  Hum- 
boldt county,  Nevada,  where  he  met  Judge 
Clagatt.  the  well  known  silver-tongued  orator 
of  the  Nevadas.  After  mining  in  Nevada  for 
alx)ut  six  years.  Mr.  McKinney  came  to  Wood 
River  in  1882,  then  prospected  through 
Thunder  Mountain  and  Florence  district,  and 
arrived  in  Spokane,  July  5,  1884.  He  soon 
came  to  Stevens  county,  and  located  the  Sum- 
mit group  of  mines  with  James  Friend :  he  also 
locatefl  other  mines,  the  following  year,  which 
he  sold  when  he  went  to  the  Old  Dominion. 
Afterwards  we  find  him  in   the  Caribou  dis- 


trict in  British  Columbia.  Later  he  returned 
and  bought  a  half  section  of  land  where  he  now 
resides.  He  has  improved  it  in  fine  shape  and 
has  an  excellent  orchard,  from  which  he  gath- 
ered three  thousand  bushels  of  fruit  in  1902. 
Mr.  McKinnev  planted  all  of  the  trees  him- 
self. 

In  1889  Mr.  McKinney  married  ]\Iiss 
Elimy,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Maggie  Piere, 
and  they  have  two  children,  Rachel  and  Clara. 
Mr.  McKinney  is  an  active  Republican.  His 
people  are  all  Quakers  but  he  does  not  belong 
to  anv  church. 


ADAM  BOYD  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  the  Colville  valley.  The  farm  where  he  lives 
now,  two  miles  south  of  Marcus,  was  taken  as 
a  homestead  over  thirty  years  ago,  and  for 
many  years  previous  to  that  he  had  lived  in  the 
valley.  Adam  Boyd  was  born  on  July  27, 
1833.  the  son  of  Isaac  and  ^Magdalena  (  Harsh- 
burger)  Boyd,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where 
also  they  remained  until  their  death.  His  an- 
cestors lived  in  that  state  for  many  years  pre- 
vious. Adam  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  began  to  learn 
the  cabinet  maker's  trade.  Then  he  took  up 
carpentering  until  1.856.  in  which  year  he  came 
to  Iowa  and  in  1859  to  Nebraska.  Thence  he 
journeyed  via  Pike's  Peak  to  Walla  \\'alla  and 
in  the  following  year  we  find  him  in  southern 
Oregon.  In  1861  he  came  to  Idaho  in  the 
time  of  the  Orofino  gold  excitement,  where  he 
mined  for  some  time.  It  was  in  1861  that  Mr. 
Boyd  first  set  foot  in  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Stevens  county,  and  the  first  few 
years  of  his  stay  here  were  spent  in  placer  min- 
ing on  the  Pend  d'Oreille.  Subsequent  to  this 
mining,  Mr.  Boyd  took  up  hunting  and  trap- 
ping and  he  was  a  typical  westerner  and  Nimrod 
until  1872.  Shortly  after  that  he  operated  a 
saw  mill  at  old  Colville  and  during  that  time 
he  took  his  present  homestead.  In  all  the  years 
since  'Sir.  Boyd  settled  upon  his  homestead  he 
has  continued  steadily  in  cultivating  the  soil  and 
improving  the  place.  He  has  shown  himself 
to  be  a  man  of  reliability  and  sound  principles. 
He  has  considerable  property  and  has  always 
lalxired  to  build  up  the  country. 

In  1874  Mr.  Boyd  married  Josephine  Harry, 
and  to  them  have  been  born  five  children: 
Harrv.  in  this  county:  :Mary,  with  her  parents; 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


295 


Maggie,  wife  of  William  Carmicheal ;  Joseph 
and  Christina,  both  at  home.  Air.  Boyd  is  a 
Democrat  and  in  1882  was  called  by  the  people 
to  act  as  county  commissioner,  running  against 
John  Rickey,  Republican.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  his  own  successor.  He  has  also  served 
as  justice  of  the  peace  and  in  his  public  walk 
as  well  as  in  his  private  life  he  has  discharged 
responsibilities  de\'olving  upon  him  in  a  com- 
mendable manner. 


AUSTIN  PROUTY  is  a  venerable  and 
prominent  citizen  of  Stev'ens  county,  and  to 
him  it  is  with  pleasure  we  accord  the  repre- 
sentation due  to  a  substantial  man,  a  veteran  of 
the  Civil  war  and  a  builder  of  the  country  where 
he  lives.  His  estate  lies  four  miles  east  from 
Colville  and  here  he  has  resided  since  1881. 
Austin  Prouty  was  born  on  March  30.  1820, 
the  son  of  Squire  and  Diantha  (Howe)  Prouty, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Virginia,  respectively. 
Later,  they  settled  in  Ohio  and  remained  there 
until  their  death.  The  mother's  father  was  a 
patriot  of  the  Revolution  and  her  brother  served 
in  the  War  of  181 2.  Austin  received  a  good 
common  school  education  and  when  seventeen 
began  farming  for  himself,  also  he  devoted 
some  time  to  learning  the  blacksmith  trade  in 
his  father's  shop.  In  1844  he  came  to  Bond 
county,  Illinois  and  four  years  later  went  to 
Wisconsin.  In  1854  he  settled  in  Story  county, 
Iowa,  doing  there  a  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness until  i860.  On  August  9,  1862,  Mr. 
Prouty  enlisted  in  the  union  army,  and  during 
his  three  years  of  service  he  participated  in 
many  battles  and  skirmishes,  among  which  may 
be  mentioned  Fort  Gibson,  Champion  Hill, 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  Fort  Espranda,  Spanish 
Fort  and  Fort  Blakely.  He  was  mustered  out 
in  August,  1865.  He  had  one  son  who  served 
four  years  as  bugler  and  one  brother  wdio 
served  three  years.  Following  the  war,  Mr. 
Prouty  returned  to  Nevada,  Iowa,  and  in  1878 
went  to  Montana.  In  August,  1881,  he  arrived 
in  Stevens  county,  and  immediately  took  a 
homestead  and  has  devoted  his  labors  there 
since.    His  estate  lies  four  miles  east  of  Colville. 

In  March,  1840,  Mr.  Prouty  married  Miss 
Esther  Watkins,  who  died  •  on  April  6,  1851, 
and  is  buried  near  Black  River,  Wisconsin. 
She  left  four  children  :  James  W.,  in  Bale.sville, 
Mississippi :  Louisa,  deceased  :  Cecillia,  wife  of 


Clay  Fallon ;  Mark  C.  In  Des  ^Moines,  Iowa, 
on  May  19,  1855,  Mr.  Prouty  married  Miss 
Hester,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Alarian  (Coll- 
yer)  Marmon,  natives  of  North  Carolina.  The 
following  children  have  been  born  to  this  mar- 
riage: Nancy  J.,  wife  of  L.  D.  Wilber,  in 
Greenwood,  British  Columbia:  Charles  H., 
with  his  parents;  George  F.,  married  and  living 
in  Colville:  James  A.,  living  with  parents; 
Rachel,  wife  of  G.  T.  Theis,  in  this  county; 
Mary  M.,  deceased;  Sarah  N.,  wife  of 
Fred  Ragsdail,  in  Republic;  Poly  A., 
wife  of  Richard  Queener,  at  Bossburg; 
Jesse  B.,  in  this  county.  C.  H.  and  J.  A. 
Prouty,  the  two  boys  who  remain  at  home,  are 
known  as  among  the  most  substantial  and  up- 
righ.t  men  of  the  valley.  They  are  both  ex- 
emplary citizens.  jNIr.  Prouty  was  assessor  in 
Iowa  for  three  terms  and  has  held  various  other 
offices  in  other  places.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  ]\Ir.  Prouty 
has  been  called  to  pass  the  river  of  death.  On 
September  17,  1903,  the  summons  came,  and 
he  laid  down  the  burdens  of  life  to  enter  on 
the  realities  of  another  world.  Few  men  have 
at  the  close  of  life's  labors  left  more  sincere 
mourners.  His  remains  were  laid  to  rest  with 
becoming  ceremonies  and  the  community  knew 
that  a  good  man  had  passed  away. 


ADOLPH  RIVERS  lives  two  miles  south 
of  Marcus  and  is  a  prosperous  miner  and  stock- 
man. He  was  born  in  Three  Rivers,  Canada, 
on  November  25,  1837,  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Margaret  (LaCource)  Rivers,  natives  of  Can- 
ada. They  followed  farming  there  until  the 
time  of  their  death,  the  father  passing  aA^-ay  in 
1849,  ^"d  the  mother  in  1867.  Their  remains 
lie  buried  in  the  Becancour  cemetery.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  when 
sixteen  began  to  work  for  himself.  Two  years 
were  spent  in  Massachusetts,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Canada  and  then  did  timber  work 
in  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin.  Later  he  went 
to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged  with 
the  American  Fur  Company.  In  i860  he 
crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains  from  Fort  Benton 
to  Walla  Walls  and  then  participated  in  the 
gold  rush  to  the  Orofino  country  where  he 
worked    until     1863.      Then    he    crossed    the 


296 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mountains  back  to  Virginia  City,  and  in  1870 
came  west  again,  and  the  following  year  lo- 
cated near  Marcus.  He  has  traveled  consider- 
able since  then  but  has  devoted  much  of  his 
time  to  mining  and  stock  raising.  In  1890  he 
came  to  his  present  location  which  he  bought. 
He  has  a  good  farm  and  a  nice  bunch  of  stock. 
In  1 87 1  Mr.  Rivers  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Felicity  (Finley)  Guin. 
natives  of  Montana.  Ten  children  have  been 
born  to  this  marriage :  Amiel.  deceased ;  Delima. 
wife  of  G.  Gendron.  of  this  county:  Charles. 
Orelia,  Adda.  Mary,  Henry.  Adolph  M.,  Clara, 
and  Ermina.  Mr.  Rivers  is  a  Democrat  and 
is  ever  on  hand  in  the  campaigns  and  at  the 
polls.  He  and  his  family  are  affiliated  with  the 
Catholic  church. 


WILLIAM  H.  SPEXCER  conducts  a  first 
class  livery  establishment  in  ^leyers  Falls  where 
his  skill  and  deferential  treatment  of  patrons 
have  given  him  a  good  patronage.  He  was  born 
in  Branch  county.  Michigan,  January  19,  1850, 
the  son  of  Joseph  P.  and  Jane  (Kingston) 
Spencer,  natives  of  New  York.  They  came  to 
Michigan  when  young  and  there  the  father  died 
on  March  5,  i860:  the  mother  still  lives  in  Bay 
county,  Michigan.  The  father  was  a  promi- 
nent man  in  his  section  and  one  of  the  founders 
of  Maple  Grove.  Our  subject  received  his  edu- 
cation in  his  native  place  and  at  the  earl}'  age 
of  fifteen  enlisted  in  the  twenty-eighth  infantry 
and  was  sent  to  North  Carolina  where  he  re- 
mained three  months:  the  war  being  over,  he 
returned  in  1865  and  l)egan  to  work  on  the 
farm.  Later  he  repaired  to  the  woods  and  fol- 
lowed lumbering  and  carpentering  in  Michigan 
until  1888  when  he  went  to  Spokane:  there  he 
was  engaged  variously  until  1891  when  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  and  took  up  a  homestead. 
Here  he  bestowed  his  labors  wisely  until  1900. 
when  he  moved  to  Meyers  Falls  and  engaged  in 
carpentering.  In  1901  he  opened  his  present 
livery  business  and  is  now  being  favored  with 
first  class  success.  In  1892  Mr.  Spencer  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  the  town  of  Spencer, 
a  place  named  after  himself,  and  he  held  that 
position  for  six  years. 

On  July  5,  1878.  Mr.  Spencer  married  Miss 
Ruth  A.,  (laughter  of  James  and  Sarah  CBird- 
sall)  Latting.  natives  of  New  York.    One  child. 


Myron  D..  has  been  born  to  this  household. 
Mr.  Spencer  is  a  Republican  and  has  frequently 
hold  office  and  is  now  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


JOHN  N.  HERRON  resides  at  Meyers 
Falls  and  conducts  a  fine  hotel.  He  is  popular 
with  the  traveling  public  and  has  demonstrated 
himself  a  first  class  host.  John  N.  Herran  was 
born  on  December  i,  1840.  in  New  York  city, 
the  son  of  John  and  Winifred  (Collins)  Her- 
ron,  natives  of  Ireland.  They  came  to  the 
United  States  in  the  'thirties  and  conducted  a 
dairy  in  New  York  until  1849,  when  they 
moved  to  Essex  county  and  farmed.  The  father 
died  there  in  1855  and  in  the  following  year 
the  mother  moved  there,  where  she  al.so  passed 
away  in  1872.  Our  subject  has  three  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  James  W.,  Helen.  Adeline, 
Walter,  and  Albert.  The  father  was  a  veteran 
of  the  Napoleonic  wars,  in  which  he  served  for 
eleven  years  in  various  capacities.  He  was  with 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  the  time  of  his  won- 
derful victory.  In  the  battle  of  Corno  in 
Spain,  he  lost  his  left  arm.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  New  York  and  Illinois :  when  fif- 
teen he  began  working  on  a  farm  for  himself: 
two  years  later  he  started  in  the  blacksmith 
trade  in  Illinois,  in  which  he  continued  for 
eleven  years.  In  1872  he  removed  to  Minn- 
eapolis. Minnesota,  and  there  followed  his  trade 
until  1889.  In  that  year  Mr.  Herron  came  to 
Spokane  and  engaged  with  Mr.  Corbin  of  the 
Spokane  Falls  Railroad  Company  for  two 
years.  After  that  he  Ijought  a  man"s  right  to 
a  homestead  in  Stevens  county,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1895.  He  has  his  farm  well  im- 
proved with  orchard,  good  buildings,  and  so 
forth,  and  owns  a  fine  drove  of  Jersey  cattle, 
some  of  which  are  very  valuable.  In  1895 
Mrs.  Herron  started  a  restaurant  in  Meyers 
Falls,  the  business  continuing  prosperous  until 
1900,  then  they  erected  a  fine  hotel  where  they 
still  conduct  a  first  class  house  with  a  gi^od 
patronage. 

In  September,  1866,  Mr.  Herron  married 
^liss  Lura  S..  daughter  of  Orcimus  and  l^'rsula 
(Winslow)  Fisher,  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Her- 
ron has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  ^^'illiam, 
Luretta  Blinn.  and  Helen  Blinn.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Herron  hax'c  one  child,  Winifred  E..  wife  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


297 


R.  \V.  Smith,  a  merchant  in  Meyers  Falls.  Mr. 
Herron  is  a  good  Republican,  and  takes  a  keen 
interest  in  the  campaigns  and  questions  of  the 
dav. 


JOANNA  C.  HAMBLET,  the  widow  of 
Glover  Hamblet,  who  was  one  of  the  prominent 
citizens  of  Stevens  county,  is  now  risiding  on 
the  old  homestead  six  miles  northeast  of  Col- 
ville.  Since  the  death  of  her  husband  in  1898 
Mrs.  Hamblet  has  been  residing  with  her  son. 
Joanna  C.  Hamblet  was  born  in  Ontario 
county,  New  York,  on  October  7,  1836,  the 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Hamet  Tibbets,  natives 
of  Vermont  and  Connecticut  respectively.  The 
father  fought  in  the  War  of  1812  and  received 
a  wound  in  his  shoulder.  He  and  his  wife  were 
parents  of  thirteen  children,  three  of  whom  are 
now  living.  Our  subject  received  her  first 
schooling  in  her  native  place  and  at  the  age  of 
si.xteen  married  Glover  Hamblet,  a  farmer  of 
Alagansee,  Michigan,  where  they  remained 
three  years.  Then  they  went  to  Iowa  and 
farmed  for  eleven  years.  Next  we  see  them 
near  Omaha,  Nebraska,  next  at  Lincoln,  spend- 
ing about  three  years  in  each  place.  Nine  years 
were  then  spent  in  northern  Nebraska  whence 
they  moved  to  Montana,  then  to  the  sound  and 
two  years  later,  in  1891,  they  came  to  Stevens 
county  where  Mrs.  Hamblet  bought  the  place 
which  is  now  the  family  estate.  Nine  children 
were  born  to  this  union :  Hattie,  wife  of  John 
Camp,  of  Colville;  Jennie,  wife  of  J.  White, 
in  Nebraska;  Seth,  deceased;  Lotie,  wife  of 
Fred  Hutchinson,  in  this  cotmty :  Alma  and 
Alice,  twins,  the  former  the  wife  of  Elmer  Vif- 
quain,  in  Nebraska,  the  latter  the  wife  of  Bert 
Steper,  in  Nelson.  British  Columbia;  Lem  and 
Roy  with  their  mother ;  and  Vernie  at  Bufifalo 
Hump,  Idaho. 


JOHN  J.  ARGUE  lives  at  Meyers  Falls 
and  devotes  his  time  to  mining  and  farming. 
He  was  born  in  County  Cavan,  Ireland,  on 
IMarch  19,  1846,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Tane 
(Moore)  Argue,  natives  of  Irehnd.  They 
cin^e  to  America  in  1849  and  settled  in  Dane 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  the  father  died  in 
185^.  The  mother  continued  on  the  homestead 
until  1868,  then  moved  to  Layton,  and  later  to 
Green  count v  where  she  died  in  1880.  Our  sub- 


ject has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Thomas  W.,  Sydney,  Henry,  George,  John  J., 
Robert,  Mary  A.,  Matilda,  and  several  de- 
ceased. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  niece 
of  Major  Moore,  who  served  under  the  Duke  of 
Wellington.  John  was  educated  in  Wisconsin 
and  at  the  tender  age  of  eleven  left  home  and 
started  in  life  for  himself.  In  1864  he  enlisted 
in  the  Thirty-seventh  Wisconsin  Volunteer  In- 
fantry under  Colonel  Harnman.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Cold 
Harbor,  Cedar  Point,  siege  of  Petersburg, 
Waldon  Road,  and  others.  He  received  his 
discharge  in  July,  1865,  and  returned  home. 
The  following  year  he  went  to  IN'Iontana  and 
there  mined  for  nine  years.  Subsequent  to  that 
he  transfeiTcd  his  operation  to  the  Black  Hills 
where  he  continued  to  mine  for  ten  years.  In 
188";  he  came  to  Wardner  and  operated  in  the 
Bunker  Hill  for  some  time,  then  went  to  Okan- 
ogan and  prospected  until  he  came  to  Stevens 
county  in  the  'nineties.  He  has  interests  in 
several  valuable  properties  and  also  interests  in 
Meyers  Falls.  Mr.  Argue  is  a  Republican  and 
is  one  of  three  who  cast  their  votes  for  Mc- 
Kinley  in  his  precinct.  He  has  held  various 
offices  in  the  places  where  he  lived.  Mr.  Argue 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Metho- 
dist church.  He  stands  exceptionally  well  in 
the  community,  has  e\er  de\nte(l  himself  to  the 
advancement  and  the  upbuilding  of  the  places 
where  he  has  lived,  and  is  known  as  a  man  of 
integrity  and  sound  principles. 


RICHARD  J.  WYNNE  is  one  of  the  na- 
tive sons  of  Stevens  county,  being  born  in  Col- 
ville on  January  i,  1872.  the  son  of  John  and 
Nettie  (Geer)  Wynne,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Oregon,  respectively.  The  mother  comes  from 
a  very  jirominent  family  of  Oregon,  l^eing  a 
cousin  of  Governor  Geer  and  also  a  cousin  of 
Captain  Sanburn  and  Captain  Archie  Geer. 
Our  subject  is  one  of  twelve  children.  His 
father  was  accidentally  shot  in  1885  and  died 
soon  thereafter.  He  was  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers of  Washington  and  a  prominent  placer 
miner:  the  mother  now  lives  in  California. 
Richard  was  educated  here  in  Cohille,  and 
although  his  facilities  for  study  were  scanty, 
yet  he  improved  them  to  good  advantage.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  began  herding  cattle,  con- 
tiniu'ng  the  same  until  he  was  twenty-one  years 


298 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


old.  Then  he  wrouglit  in  the  old  Dominion 
mine  four  or  five  years,  after  which  he  pros- 
pected in  Rossland  and  later  upon  the  north 
half  of  the  Colville  reservation.  He  has  re- 
cently disposed  of  some  of  his  mining  interests 
at  Republic.  I-'rom  mining,  Mr.  \\'ynne 
turned  to  farming  and  took  a  homestead,  which, 
added  to  twenty-five  acres  he  owns  adjoining 
the  city  of  Colville,  gives  him  an  estate  of  one 
hundred  and  eighty-five  acres.  This  is  all 
cultivated  and  is  a  good  dividend  producer  an- 
nually. In  1901  Mr.  Wynne  bought  a  dairy 
of  fourteen  cows  anfl  since  then  lias  been  con- 
ducting the  same  successfully. 

In  1899  Mr.  Wynne  married  Miss  Nora, 
daughter  of  George  H.  and  Sarah  F.  (Prouty) 
Staves,  natives  of  Iowa,  and  emigrants  to  Col- 
ville in  1890  where  they  now  live.  Two  chil- 
dren are  the  fruit  of  this  union,  Nola  L.,  de- 
ceased, and  Norris  H.  Mr.  Wynne  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  always  manifests  interest  in  the 
afifairs  of  the  county  and  state.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O'.  F.  and  the  W\  W.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wynne  are  bcith  members  of  the 
Catholic  church. 


THOMAS  M.  SMITH,  who  resides  two 
miles  northwest  from  Addy,  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing farmers  and  most  prominent  men  of  the 
Colville  Valley.  He  was  born  in  Winston 
county,  Mississippi,  on  February  4,  1851,  the 
son  of  Dr.  W.  B.  and  Sarah  A.  (Lowrey) 
Smith,  natives  of  Virginia.  The  father  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Tennessee  for  fifteen  years 
then  ten  years  in  Mississippi,  and  also  handled 
a  general  and  drug  store.  He  represented  his 
state  two  terms  in  congress  and  during  the 
war  he  was  in  charge  of  a  large  hospital  in  the 
union  army  on  the  union  side.  His  brother, 
Granville  C.  Smith,  was  a  general  under  Robert 
E.  Lee,  and  his  son  was  also  a  general  in  the 
southern  army.  Our  subject  had  one  brother 
who  served  in  the  confederate  army  and  five 
brothers  on  the  union  side.  Notwithstanding 
the  disturbance  of  the  war  Thomas  was  enabled 
during  that  time  and  afterward  to  gain  a  fine 
education  and  when  twenty-one  he  started  out 
for  himself,  locating  in  Missouri.  In  1873  he 
went  to  California,  where  he  wrought  for  six 
years,  during  which  time  his  wife  returned  to 
Missouri  on  account  of  her  health.  She  after- 
wards came  back  to  California  and  thev  then 


returned  to  Missouri.  Afterward  together 
they  came  back  to  the  Golden  City  and  later 
came  to  Spokane.  They  took  a  homestead 
near  Davenport  and  in  1893  '^^i'-  Smith  came 
to  his  present  place  where  he  has  remained 
since.  Mr.  Smith,  his  wife,  and  his  son  own 
four  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  valley  and  they 
are  very  prosperous  people.  At  the  present 
time  they  are  making  ready  for  a  visit  to  their 
old  home  in  the  east. 

On  August  13,  1 87 1,  Mr.  Smith  married 
Miss  Amy  J.,  daughter  of  J.  H.  and  Anna  S. 
(Dark)  Thompson,  natives  of  New  Jersey  and 
England,  respectively.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  them:  John  \V.,  deceased;  Florence  G., 
wife  of  H.  J.  Neeley,  a  real  estate  man  in 
Spokane;  Roland  T.,  living  on  his  farm;  Mrs. 
Sadie  Standley,  and  Philipa,  deceased.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  always  taken  a 
very  active  and  prominent  part  in  political 
matters.  He  was  deputy  sheriff  in  the  county 
and  court  bailiff  under  Judge  Richardson  and 
for  two  years  was  superintendent  of  the  ciiunty 
farm,  besides  holding  several  oflices.  ]Mrs. 
Smith  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Airs.  Smith  is 
a  grand  niece  of  the  Earl  of  Dark  and  a  direct 
descendant  of  the  Jefifries  of  England.  Chief 
Justice  Jeffries  was  advisor  to  the  King.  On 
her  father's  side  her  relatives  were  all  promi- 
nent in  politics  and  state  matters  and  held  many 
important  offices. 


JOHN  S.  BLAIR  lives  about  three  miles 
north  of  Colville  where  he  devotes  himself  to 
farming  and  raising  stock.  Since  coming  here 
in  the  'nineties  Mr.  Blair  has  gained  his  entire 
property  holdings  by  his  own  labor,  and  he 
deserves  much  credit  for  his  skill  and  industry 
manifested.  John  S.  Blair  was  born  in  Ed- 
monson county,  Kentucky,  on  January  10, 
1850,  the  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Lee)  Blair, 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  respec- 
tively. They  died  in  Kentucky.  The  mother 
was  a  niece  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee.  Twelve 
children  were  born  to  them  as  follows :  Sarah 
M.,  Mary  E.,  Million,  Judia,  Parasady,  Henry 
B.,  William  E.,  Josephine,  Susie,  and  three  in- 
fants unnamed.  Our  subject  had  limited  op- 
portunity of  getting  an  education  on  account  of 
the  disturbance  of  the  Civil  war.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  he  began   working  for  himself  al- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


299 


though  his  fatlier's  liome  was  liis  until  his  ma- 
jority. Three  years  were  spent  farming,  then 
came  seven  years  as  an  engineer  in  Illinois. 
Then  Mr.  Blair  went  to  Arkansas,  later  to 
Missouri,  and  finally,  in  1890,  he  went  to 
Ste\ens  county.  Washington.  He  did  carpenter 
work  and  farming  for  four  j-ears  then  sold  out 
and  tra\eled  all  over  Oregon.  He  returned  here 
in  1895  and  the  next  year  located  his  present 
place,  a  farm  of  eighty  acres,  which  he  pur- 
cliased.  Air.  Blair  has  erected  good  buildings, 
receives  excellent  crops  annually  and  handles 
a  nice  bunch  of  stock. 

In  1 87 1  Mr.  Blair  married  Miss  Pink, 
daughter  of  James  and  Sallie  (Borders)  El- 
more, natives  of  Kentucky.  In  1874  they 
moved  to  Missouri  where  they  remained  until 
their  decease.  To  Mr.  and  "]Mrs.  Blair  have 
been  born  the  following  children  :  Elvira ;  Berta 
F. ;  Ida  B.,  deceased ;  Mary  E. ;  John  T. ;  Annie 
N.,  and  Arthur  N.  Mr.  Blair  is  an  active  Re- 
publican and  has  the  courage  of  his  convictions. 
In  religious  persuasion  he  and  his  family  adhere 
to  the  organization  known  as  the  Church  of 
God. 


CARL  TESSMANN,  who  has  for  many 
years  been  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  in  the 
vicinity  of  Echo,  is  now  in  addition  to  that  in- 
dustry, handling  a  good,  general  merchandise 
store  in  the  village.  Mr.  Tessmann  has  dem- 
onstrated himself  a  thorough  and  reliable  busi- 
ness man  and  although  his  establishment  was 
started  in  1903  he  already  has  a  good  patron- 
age from  the  surrounding  country.  Carl  Tess- 
mann was  born  in  Pomerania,  Germany,  on 
January  7.  1841,  the  son  of  Carl  and  Henriet 
(Blank)  Tessmann,  natives  of  Germany  where 
also  they  remained  until  their  death.  The  an- 
cestors were  one  of  the  old  and  well  known 
families  in  their  native  place,  many  of  them 
being  in  the  military  service.  Our  subject  has 
five  brothers  and  sisters.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  near  his  boyhood  home 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  began  the  duties  of 
life  on  his  own  responsibility.  He  first  learned 
the  finishing  part  of  the  carpenter's  trade  and 
followed  the  same  until  1887.  In  that  year 
we  find  him  departing  from  the  Fatherland  and 
making  settlement  in  Minnesota.  Two  years 
later  he  came  to  Spokane  and  one  year  after 
that  he  settled  on  a  homestead  near  Echo.     Mr. 


Tessmann  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  im- 
proving that,  which  he  has  done  in  fine  shape, 
until  1903  when  he  erected  a  good  store  build- 
ing and  dwelling  in  Echo  and  embarked  in  the 
business  mentioned  above. 

In  1868  Mr.  Tessmann  married  Miss  Ul- 
ricka  Detrick,  who  was  the  mother  of  eight 
children,  four  of  whom  are  living :  Marks,  An- 
tone,  Elsa  and  Richard.  In  1892,  Mrs.  Tess- 
mann was  called  from  her  home  and  family 
by  death.  Mr.  Tessman  is  a  member  of 'the 
Lutheran  church  and  a  good  upright  man  and 
patriotic  citizen. 


PETER  RUSCH,  deceased.  It  is  quite 
fitting  that  in  the  history  of  our  county  there 
should  appear  a  memorial  of  this  well  known 
and  highly  esteemed  citizen.  He  labored  assid- 
uously for  the  improvement  and  upbuilding  of 
the  county  and  always  manifested  those  quali- 
ties of  worth  and  integrity  which  commended 
him  to  his  fellows.  Peter  Rusch  was  born  in 
Germany  on  March  4,  1836,  the  son  of  Nich- 
olas and  Barbara  Rusch,  natives  of  Germany, 
where  the  faither  remained  until  his  death. 
Then  the  mother  came  to  America  with  the 
family  and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  Minne- 
sota, where  she  died  in  1883.  The  father  was 
a  large  lime  manufacturer  and  handled  at  one 
time  twelve  kilns.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  his  native  country  and  in  1854  came  to  the 
new  world.  He  spent  two  years  in  New  York 
studying  the  English  language  in  the  schools 
and  then  came  to  Saint  Anthony,  Minnesota. 
In  1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Hutches' 
Volunteer  Cavalry  and  served  until  May  i, 
1866.  Subsequent  to  the  Rebellion  he  located 
in  Hutchins,  Minnesota  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1884.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  county 
assessor  and  deputy  sheriff,  always  being 
elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  In  1884  Mr. 
Rusch  came  to  Stevens  county  and  settled  one- 
half  mile  north  from  where  Echo  now  stands. 
From  the  raw  lands  he  made  a  fine  farm  and 
was  one  of  the  leading  and  prosperous  citi- 
zens. In  1897  the  death  angel  summoned  him 
hence  and  his  remains  lie  buried  at  the  Catholic 
mission  in  the  valley. 

In  1 88 1  Mr.  Rusch  married  Miss  Margeret, 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Lena  (Van  Paulson) 
Misslen,  natives  of  Paris  and  Holland,  respec- 


300 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


lively.  They  came  from  Minneapolis  in  early 
days,  remaining-  there  until  death.  The  moth- 
er's ancestors  lielong  to  the  aristocracy  of  Hol- 
land and  some  of  them  were  very  wealthy  and 
some  fought  under  Napoleon.  To  this  marriage 
were  born  four  children  :  Mary  ]\I..  Catherine 
C.  Eda  E..  and  Lawrence  P.,  all  at  home  with 
their  mother.  By  a  former  marriage,  Mr. 
Rusch  had  three  children :  Mrs.  Anna  Woo- 
liever,  Agnes  Stutzman  and  William  C.  Mr. 
Rusch  was  a  meml^er  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  also 
of  the  Catholic  church,  to  which  denomination 
his  familv  are  also  adherents. 


THOMAS  DIXOX  has  manifested  what 
can  be  done  in  the  Colville  valley  by  a  man  of 
determination,  skill  and  industry.  When  com- 
ing here,  Mr.  Dixon  possessed  over  four  thou- 
sand dollars,  but  through  the  shrewd  treatment 
of  some  rascal  he  was  swindled  out  of  every 
dollar  of  it.  Not  to  be  daunted,  however,  he 
selected  a  homestead  about  two  miles  north  of 
Echo  and  set  himself  to  retrieve  his  fortune. 
The  first  few  years  were  filled  with  hard  labor, 
self  denial,  and  endurance  of  much  trial  and 
hardship.  He  succeeded  in  improving  his 
homestead  so  that  the  returns  therefrom  began 
to  accumulate  and  in  1902  Mr.  Dixon  pur- 
chased another  cpiarter  section  making  him  a 
farm  of  one-half  section.  He  has  erected  a  fine 
eight  room  dwelling,  commodious  barn,  and 
substantial  outbuildings,  and  has  a  large  or- 
chard, a  great  many  acres  under  cultivation,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  the 
valley. 

Thomas  Dixon  was  born  in  Dumbarton. 
Scotland  on  August  8,  1850,  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Dugan)  Dixon,  na- 
tives of  Scotland.  They  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1869  and  located  in  Nebraska  and 
the  father  died  in  1887.  The  mother  returned 
to  her  native  land  and  died  in  1879.  Our  sub- 
ject has  five  brothers  and  one  sister:  John. 
James  R..  William.  Marv  T-.  Samuel  and 
bavi<l. 

Thomas  was  educated  in  Scotland  and  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  started  out  in  life  for  him- 
self. However,  he  gave  all  of  his  earnings  to 
his  father  until  he  was  twenty-seven  years  of 
age.  He  had  come  to  the  United  States  with 
his  parents  and  at  the  age  last  mentioned  he 


returned  to  Scotland  and  went  thence  to  Aus- 
tralia where  he  mined  for  eight  years.  In  1888 
we  find  Mr.  Dixon  handling  a  large  sewer  con- 
tract in  San  Jose,  California.  Six  years  after 
that  he  came  to  Stevens  county  and  had  the 
experience  as  related  above.  In  addition  to  this 
estate  Mr.  Dixon  has  a  nice  bunch  of  cattle 
among  which  are  some  fine  specimens  of  thor- 
oughbreds. 

In  1868  Mr.  Dixon  married  Miss  Jennie 
W..  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Jennie  (Mar- 
shal) Sheppard,  natives  of  Scotland.  They 
went  to  Australia  in  1869  where  the  father  died 
in  1874  but  the  mother  is  still  living  there. 
They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children.  Mr. 
Dixon  is  an  active  and  aggressive  Socialist; 
he  is  now  holding  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  being  elected  in  1902.  Mr.  Dixon  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  on  the  Scottish  plan. 
He  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Seventh  Day 
Adventist  church. 


SAMUEL  T.  MOOMAW  resides  about 
three  miles  northwest  from  Colville.  He  is  a 
farmer  and  stock  raiser  and  devotes  himself  to 
these  callings  with  an  industry  that  has  given 
him  a  good  holding.  He  was  born  in  Pitts- 
field.  Illinois  on  August  31,  1858,  the  son  of 
Adam  and  Elmira  (Applegate)  Moomaw,  na- 
tives of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  respectively.  Our 
subject  had  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
James,  deceased,  Mildy,  Lizzie,  deceased, 
Charles,  deceased,  and  Jennie  Toll.  In  1863 
the  family  crossed  the  plains  to  California  with 
ox  teams,  settling  in  Rich  Gulch  after  which 
they  moved  to  Chico.  Butte  county,  where  they 
lived  for  seventeen  years.  There  Samuel  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  common  schools 
then  went  to  herding  cattle  at  the  age  of  ten. 
He  rode  the  range  for  three  years,  then  sheared 
sheep  until  1880  when  he  came  to  Washing- 
ton and  took  a  railroad  contract  in  Lincoln 
county,  and  later  followed  the  same  business  in 
Stevens  county.  We  also  find  Mr.  Moomaw 
doing  some  extensive  grading  contracts  in 
j  Spokane  on  the  Nordiern  Pacific  and  at  various 
places  on  the  Great  Northern.  He  also 
freighted  for  the  Great  Northern  from  Ellens- 
burg  to  the  Cascade  mountains.  The  year  1893 
marks  the  date  of  his  return  to  Stevens  county 
and  here  he  has  gi\en  himself  entirely  to  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising  since. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


301 


In  1881  Mr.  Moomaw  married  Miss  Ellen, 
daughter  of  James  and  Katherine  Butler,  na- 
tives of  Ireland  and  California  respectively. 
They  spent  twenty-seven  years  of  their  married 
life  in  the  gold  fields  of  California  and  in  1879 
came  to  Dayton,  Washington ;  later  they  re- 
moved to  Edwall  where  the  father  died  and 
where  the  mother  still  resides.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Moomaw  nine  children  have  been  born : 
May,  Charles,  Katie.  Sarah,  Johanna,  Leo, 
Hazel,  Truman,  Myrtle.  Mr.  Moomaw  is  a 
Democrat  and  always  manifests  interest  in  the 
local  and  state  questions.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  church. 


ANDREW  F.  PERKINS  lives  two  miles 
north  of  Colville  and  is  a  substantial  and  up- 
right citizen  of  the  valley.  He  is  justly  entitled 
to  be  represented  as  a  defender  of  his  country 
as  the  following  will  testify.  He  was  born  in 
Enfield,  Maine,  on  August  15,  1833,  the  son  of 
Ansel  W.  and  Lydia  R.  (Buck)  Perkins,  na- 
tives of  Maine,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  The  father  was  a  contractor  and  builder 
and  very  active  in  educational  matters.  Andrew 
was  well  educated  in  his  native  place  and  at  fif- 
teen started  out  for  himself  in  life.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  eleven  and  his  mother  when 
he  was  fourteen.  He  came  to  St.  Cloud,  Minn- 
esota and  there  remained  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war.  At  that  time  he  was  very  quick  to 
respond  to  the  call  to  defend  the  flag  and  his 
name  was  enrolled  in  Companj-  C,  First  Minne- 
sota Infantry  and  in  October,  1862,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  first  United  States  Cavalry. 
The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  battles  and 
skirmishes  in  which  Mr.  Perkins  took  part.  In 
the  year  1862,  we  have  first,  Berry ville  in 
March.  Charlestown  in  March,  Yorktown  in 
.■\.pril,  Westpoint  in  May,  Fair  Oaks  in  June. 
Savage  Station.  White  Oak  Swamps,  and  Mal- 
vern Hill  in  July,  second  Bull  Run  in  August, 
and  Antietam  in  Septemlier.  In  1863  we  have 
the  following  list :  Kellys  Ford  in  March,  Bev- 
erly Ford  and  Uperville  in  June,  Gettysburg, 
Williamsport,  and  Falling  Water  in  July, 
Brandy  Station  and  Culpepper  Courthouse  in 
August.  In  1864  we  have  the  following  list: 
Rapidan  River  in  February,  Charlotville  in 
March,  Wilderness  in  May,  Sheridan's  Raid 
around  Richmond  and  Milford  station,  also  \r\ 


May,  Cold  Harbor,  Trevillian  Station,  Gor- 
donsville  and  Whitehouse  in  June,  Blackwater 
and  Deep  Bottom  in  July,  Winchester  and 
Newtoron  in  August.  In  the  latter  skirmish  he 
was  wounded  and  lay  in  the  hospital  for  fi\'e 
months.  On  January  10,  1865,  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged  and  returned  to  Minnesota. 
He  farmed  near  St.  Cloud  until  1885  and  then 
came  in  to  St.  Cloud  and  in  1897  came  to 
Stevens  county  and  bought  his  present  place. 

In  1865  Mr.  Perkins  married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Chamberlain,  whose  parents  were  natives  of 
Maine.  Our  subject  has  the  following  broth- 
ers:  Daniel  F.,  killed  in  the  war;  Edwin,  and 
Nathan  W.  died  when  young.  Mrs.  Perkins 
had  one  brother,  William  H.  The  following 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Per- 
kins:  Inez  J.,  Lena  L.  Stanley,  Mable  M..  Ger- 
trude A.  Maxon,  William.  At  Saint  Cloud, 
Minnesota,  on  November  18,  1893  Mrs.  Per- 
kins was  called  hence  by  death.  She  was  ;iged 
fifty-five.  Mr.  Perkins  'is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  and  A.  M.  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  has  held  numerous  im- 
portant offices  lx>th  in  Minnesota  and  in  Ste- 
vens county.  Mr.  Perkins  is  greatly  interested 
in  educational  matters  and  is  at  present  serv- 
ing on  the  school  board. 


DAVID  M.  CULP  is  a  prosperous  farmer 
and  an  industrious  and  upright  man.  His  es- 
tate, which  is  four  miles  north  from  Colville, 
was  purchased  by  the  proceeds  of  his  hard  labor 
and  is  now  his  home  place.  He  was  born  in 
Pike  county.  Ohio,  on  May  30,  1857,  the  son 
of  Andrew  J.  and  Eliza  J.  (  Gordon )  Gulp,  na- 
tives of  Ohio,  where  the}'  now  live.  The 
father  is  seventy-nine  years  of  age,  but  still 
does  much  labor,  being  hale  and  hearty.  He 
raises  considerable  corn  each  year.  In  1861  the 
father  offered  himself  for  enlistment  in  the 
Civil  War.  Owing  to  one  limb  being  shorter 
than  the  other,  he  was  refused,  but  in  1864  lie 
was  drafted  into  the  service.  He  is  the  father 
of  thirteen  children,  the  following  ones  lixing : 
William  G.,  Harriet  C,  Sarah  M.,  George  W., 
Mary  F.,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  David 
M.  David  was  educated  in  his  native  place, 
and  when  twenty-one  went  to  Illinois.  He 
soon  traveled  west  to  Missouri  and  later  re- 
turned to  Ohio  where  he  farmed,  and  also  did 


302 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


lumbering-.  In  1885  lie  took  a  homestead  in 
Cheney,  Nebraska,  and  there  bestowed  his 
labor  for  a  decade.  In  1895  he  came  to  Stevens 
county  and  settled  in  Colville.  In  addition  to 
his  other  accomplishments,  Mr.  Culp  had  be- 
come a  \-ery  etificient  blacksmith  and  after 
working  a  few  months  in  Colville,  he  opened  a 
shop  in  Meyers  Falls.  He  conducted  business 
there  for  five  years  then  bought  his  present 
place  to  which  he  retired. 

On  February  5,  1881,  Mr.  Culp  married 
Miss  Lucinda  B.,  daughter  of  Levi,  and  Viola 
A.  Storer,  natives  of  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  where 
the  mother  still  lives.  The  father  died  in  1884. 
The  following  children  have  been  born  to  this 
marriage:  Scott,  in  Meyers  Falls;  Sarah  Ross, 
in  Topeka,  Kansas;  Hilla  St.  Clair,  at  Colville; 
Sherman,  in  Chicago;  and  Elian  Erseell.  Mr. 
Culp  is  a  Democrat  and  has  held  various  offices 
among  which  was  justice  of  the  peace.  On 
account  of  his  integrity  he  is  entitled  to  and 
receives  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fel- 
lows: 


HENRY  GIEBELER.  Among  the  pros- 
perous and  thrifty  agriculturists  of  Stevens 
county,  it  is  very  fitting  to  mention  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  who  has  been  blessed  with  good 
success  in  his  labors  on  account  of  his  pains- 
taking care,  and  wise  management.  He  was 
born  in  Hessen-Nassau,  Germany,  on  February 
18,  1858,  the  son  of  Christian  and  Henrietta 
(Stahl)  Giebeler,  natives  of  Germany,  where 
the  mother  still  lives.  The  father  was  a  car- 
penter and  builder  and  died  in  1864.  Henry 
received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  Ger- 
many and  completed  the  same  at  the  age  of 
fourteen.  The  next  eight  years  were  spent  in 
the  iron  mines,  then  came  two  years  of  service 
in  the  army,  following  which  Mr.  Giebeler 
mined  for  si.x  years.  In  1887  he  bade  fare- 
well to  the  fatherland  and  located  in  Wisconsin 
where  he  worked  in  the  iron  mines,  then  two 
years  were  spent  in  the  Montana  mines  and  in 
1890  he  settled  in  Stevens  county.  He  took  his 
present  place  six  miles  north  from  Colville  as  a 
homestead,  and  it  shows  evidence  of  thrift  and 
industry  in  every  part.  In  1895  he  bought  an- 
other quarter  section  and  he  is  now  handling 
Ijoth  places. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Giebeler  and  Miss 
Grace,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary   (Bieri) 


Portmann,  natives  of  Switzerland,  was  cele- 
brated in  1898.  Mrs.  Giebeler's  parents  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1890  and  now  live  in 
West  Virginia.  Mr.  Giebeler  is  a  Democrat 
and  is  active.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  E\angelical  church. 


JAMES  CRAWFORD  is  one  of  the  best 
known  citizens  of  the  county  and  has  mani- 
fested an  untiring  zeal  in  his  effort  to  build  up 
the  comomnwealth  and  advance  the  interests  of 
the  community.  He  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada  on  August  15,  1859.  His  parents, 
Robert  and  Susan  (Johnston)  Crawford,  were 
born  in  England  in  1827,  and  in  Ireland  in 
1837  respectively.  They  are  now  living  a  retired 
life  in  Loudsboro.  Ontario.  The  father  came 
to  Canada  when  a  mere  bo)',  and  the  mother  ar- 
rived there  when  she  was  eighteen  and  there 
was  married.  Our  subject's  paternal  grand- 
parents were  born  in  county  Fermanagh,  Ire- 
land and  died,  the  father  aged  ninety-five  years 
and  seven  months,  and  the  mother  ninety-nine 
years  and  five  months.  James  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
place  and  when  seventeen  inaugurated  indepen- 
dent action.  He  did  farming,  carpentering  and 
blacksmithing.  In  1881  he  came  to  Helena, 
Montana  and  previous  to  that  date  did  some 
of  the  first  work  in  Miles  City.  He  traveled 
through  various  portions  of  that  state  and  was 
engaged  in  different  occupations  until  1889 
when  he  came  to  Stevens  county.  He  took  a 
homestead  five  miles  north  of  Colville  and  since 
has  devoted  himself  to  its  improvement  and  to 
raising  stock.  His  farm  is  handled  in  a  skill- 
ful manner  and  in  addition  to  the  forty  acres 
of  hay  and  grain  land  he  has  some  excellent 
fir  timber.  Mr.  Crawford  has  a  fine  herd  of 
cows  and  his  dairy  products  are  classed  with 
the  best  creamery  productions  in  the  country. 
He  also  owns  mining  and  other  property.  Mr. 
Crawford  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  in 
politics  was  formerly  a  Republican  but  has  been 
guiltv  of  leaving  his  first  love  and  was  active  in 
organizing  the  Populist  movement  in  Stevens 
county.  In  1896  he  was  deputy  sheriff  and  the 
following  three  years  was  deputy  treasurer. 
In  1 90 1  and  1902  he  was  deputy  assessor  and 
at  the  present  time  is  court  bailiff.  During  the 
vears  in  which  he  served  as  deputy  treasurer 
lie  was   mostly  employed   in   collecting  delin- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


303 


quent  taxes.  Mr.  Crawford  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  in  1899  at  Craw- 
ford, Montana. 

On  December  8,  1886,  Mr.  Crawford  mar- 
ried Miss  Helena  C,  daughter  of  Steen  and 
Ann  (Olson)  Anderson,  natives  of  Norway. 
They  came  to  Canada  in  1863  and  now  live  in 
the  province  of  Quebec.  Six  children  have 
been  born  to  this  marriage:  Robert  A.,  Susan 
A.,  Dorothy  jM.,  James  L.,  John  E.,  William  R. 


GEORGE  H.  STAVES  resides  five  miles 
northeast  from  Colville  upon  an  estate  which 
he  secured  from  the  go\-ernrnent  by  homestead 
right :  he  has  comfortable  and  substantial  im- 
provements on  his  farm  and  gives  his  entire 
time  to  its  culture  and  to  stock  raising. 

George  H.  Staves  was  born  in  Cedar  Rap- 
ids, Iowa,  on  July  9,  1844,  the  son  of  Anthony 
and  Sarah  (Cole)  Staves,  natives  of  New  York. 
The  father  was  a  cooper  and  a  real  estate 
man.  In  1849  ^^^  brought  his  family  across  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  to  California,  but  three 
years  later  they  all  returned  to  Linn  county, 
Iowa,  where  the  parents  remained  until  their 
death.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil 
War  and  served  two  years  for  his  country.  He' 
had  one  son  who  served  three  years  and  eleven 
months  in  the  union  army,  the  eleven  months 
being  spent  in  the  horrible  prison  pens  of  the 
south.  The  father's  father  came  to  this  country 
with  the  noted  Lafayette  and  fought  bravely  fur 
American  independence.  He  was  wounded  in 
the  knee  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  Iowa  and  at  the  time 
of  the  war  attempted  to  enlist  but  was  rejected 
on  account  of  the  fact  that  the  other  members 
of  the  family  were  serving.  When  twenty-one, 
he  learned  the  plasterer's  trade,  and  in  1874 
he  went  to  Texas  where  he  workd  on  the  Rio 
Grande  railroad.  Previous  to  this,  Mr.  Staves 
had  been  in  Saint  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  was 
there  when  Lincoln  was  assassinated.  In  1866 
he  came  to  Pinkneyville,  now  Oldtown,  in  Ste- 
vens county.  He  visited  Seattle  and  then  re- 
turned to  Iowa,  where  he  remained  until  1888. 
He  visited  Omaha,  Kansas  City,  and  other 
places  and  finally  returned  to  Stevens  county. 
In  1890  he  located  his  present  homestead,  and 
and  has  remained  here  since.  Mr.  Staves 
has  found  corn  growing  quite  profitable  in  this 
latitude. 


In  1875  Mr.  Staves  married  Miss  Sarah  F., 
daughter  of  Squire  and  Julia  (Alderman) 
Prouty,  natives  of  Ohio,  and  to  this  union  four 
daughters  have  been  born :  Grace,  wife  of 
Henry  Lynch  in  Colville;  Lillian,  wife  of  J. 
Lyons,  in  Idaho ;  Lulu,  wife  of  Perry  Dod^on, 
in  Republic;  Nora,  wife  of  Richard  Wynne  in 
Colville. 

Mr.  Staves  is  an  active  Repulilican  a'ld 
when  in  Cedar  Rapids  was  two  ye.nrs  on  the 
police  force.  He  is  a  member  of  ihe  U.  K.  Al. 
C.  and  also  belongs  to  the  United  Brethren 
church. 


DANIEL  HARBAUGH,  who  resides  six 
miles  northeast  of  Colville,  where  he  does  gen- 
eral farming,  mining,  and  stock  raising  was 
born  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  on  April  2, 
1846,  son  of  Westley  and  Mahaly  (Sink) 
Harbaugh,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania, 
respectively.  The  father  enlisted  in  the  union 
army  and  w-as  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  died  in  Memphis,  Tennessee.  The 
widow  succeeded  in  raising  the  family  and  later 
married  John  Anderson,  after  which  they 
moved  to  Kansas  where  she  died.  Five  boys 
and  four  girls  were  the  children  of  this  family  : 
Leah,  deceased,  Daniel,  Emily  Thomas,  Henry, 
deceased,  John,  Peter,  Rebekah  Griffith,  Eliza- 
beth Sink,  and  Simon.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  in  Indiana  and  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
Second  Indiana  Infantry,  under  Captain  Will- 
iam Kelsey.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Charles- 
ton and  Cedar  Creek  in  Virginia  and  spent 
many  months  there  in  guard  duty.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1865  he  was  honorably  discharged.  Once 
while  on  picket  duty,  Mr.  Harbaugh  received  a 
slight  wound  in  his  left  wrist.  Following  the 
war  Mr.  Harbaugh  labored  in  the  woods  and 
on  the  drive  in  Wisconsin.  In  1876  he  went 
to  farming  and  in  1886  he  came  to  Spokane 
county.  In  1894  he  came  to  Stevens  county 
where  he  has  remained  since.  In  addition  to 
his  farm  and  stock  he  owns  some  valuable 
mining  properties  in  the  Granite  and  Copper 
King  Districts,  and  his  development  work  has 
manifested  some  fine  values. 

In  1877,  Mr.  Harbaugh  married  ]\Irs. 
Lizzie,  widow  of  Reuben  Hull.  Air.  Harbaugh 
is  a  Republican  and  has  held  various  minor 
offices  in  the  places  where  he  has  lived.     He  is 


304 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  the  G. 
A.  R.  Mr.  Harbaugh  does  not  belong  to  any 
church  but  his  people  are  all  adherent  of  the 
Methodist  denomination.  He  has  a  residence 
on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Levy  streets,  in 
Spokane  where  he  may  make  his  liome  in  the 
days  to  come.  He  also  owns  two  lots  in  Dennis 
and  Bradley's  addition,  in  Spokane. 

By  her  former  marriage.  Mrs.  Harbaugh 
has  one  daughter,  Gertie  Hull,  wife  of  Charles 
Fay.  To  this  couple  one  son,  Charlie  Jr.,  has 
been  born.  He  is  the  only  grandchild  to  our 
subject  and  his  wife. 


WILLIAM  S.  CAGLE  was  born  near 
Rome,  Georgia  on  May  7,  1847.  the  son  of 
Benjamin  and  Porthena  (Jinks)  Cagle,  natives 
of  Georgia  and  of  German  ancestry.  They 
were  the  parents  of  fourteen  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living,  as  follows.  Francis  E.,  Ben- 
jamin F.,  Margaret  Brown,  Elizabeth  J.  and 
Blackstock.  The  parents  remained  in  Georgia 
until  the  time  of  their  death,  being  prominent 
and  well  educated  people.  Our  subject  was  re- 
ceiving his  education  in  Madison  county, 
Georgia,  when  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  enlisted 
under  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  of  the  rebel 
army,  serving  eigliteen  months  as  a  sharp 
shooter.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Stone  river, 
Atlanta,  and  Savannah,  finally  surrendering  to 
General  Sherman  in  April,  1865,  at  Greens- 
boro, North  Carolina.  Following  that  he  re- 
turned home  for  eighteen  months,  then  went  to 
Tennessee.  After  a  two  years'  residence  there  he 
went  to  Texas  and  two  years  later  came  back 
to  North  Carolina  where  he  lived  for  thirteen 
years.  He  came  to  Washington  in  April,  1885, 
locating  in  Whitman  county  on  a  farm,  and 
remaining  for  six  years.  In  1892,  he  took  his 
present  homestead,  four  miles  east  from  Col- 
vdle,  where  he  has  remained  since.  Mr.  Cagle 
has  a  valuable  farm,  and  thirty  acres  of  it  are 
devoted  to  a  first-class  orchard,  which  produced 
over  three  thousand  boxes  of  marketable  apples 
last  year.  He  does  general  farming  besides 
and  handles  stock,  having  some  thoroughbreds. 

On  September  14.  1874,  Mr.  Cagle  married 
Miss  Saraii  E..  daughter  of  Captain  James  and 
Sarah  E.  (Anderson)  Ray,  natives  of  North 
Carolina.  Captain  Ray  served  in  the  union 
army.    Mrs.  Cagle  has  three  brothers.  Welling- 


ton, Hamilton  and  John  W.,  and  one  sister, 
Althea,  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cagle,  ten 
children  have  been  born,  named  as  follows: 
Jesse  L.  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  L. 
W.  Myers;  Altha,  married  to  Lee  Finch,  of 
Okanogan  county;  Anna,  married  to  Henry 
Oakes  of  Colville ;  Marcus  D. ;  John  B. ;  Fran- 
cis, deceased ;  Charles  M. :  Agnes ;  Bertha,  de- 
ceased ;  and  an  unnamed  infant,  deceased. 
Politically,  Mr.  Cagle  is  a  strong  and  active 
Republican  and  has  always  taken  great  inter- 
est in  the  affairs  of  the  community,  where  he 
has  lived.  He  has  held  various  county  offices 
and  is  a  man  of  reliablity.  Fraternally  he  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  while  in  relig- 
ious persuasion,  he  belongs  to  the  Baptist 
church.  His  wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist 
church. 

In  addition  to  his  other  labors,  Mr.  Cagle 
is  now  operating  a  new  threshing  machine  and 
is  skillful  in  this  line. 

Mr.  Cagle  has  made  a  great  success  of  the 
fruit  business  and  his  orders  and  shipments  are 
now  for  car  load  lots,  which  greatly  enhances 
the  profits.  His  1903  crop  of  winter  apples  was 
more  than  five  thousand  boxes  of  marketable 
fruit. 


EUGENE  O.  SNODGRASS.  The  etl^- 
cient  superintendent  of  the  county  hospital  of 
Stevens  county  resides  at  Colville  and  is  one  of 
the  well  known  and  highly  respected  men  of  the 
county.  He  was  torn  in  Bates  county,  Mis- 
souri, July  13,  1854,  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
Susan  (Meyers)  Snodgrass,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Irdiana,  respectively.  They  were 
pioneers  to  Missouri,  in  1881  moved  to  Spo- 
kane, where  they  farmed  until  1900,  and  now 
reside  in  the  city  of  Spokane.  They  were  the 
parents  of  six  children,  Eugene  O.,  Oscar  F., 
Sherman  E.,  John  D.,  Ernest  C,  and  Emma 
M.,  widow  of  George  Thayer.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  those  great  institutions 
of  the  Amer-can  commonwealth,  the  public 
schools,  and  spent  the  first  twenty  years  of  his 
life  with  ";iis  parents.  Then  he  went  to  Texas 
and  did  farming,  after  which  he  clerked  in  a 
general  merchandise  establishment.  During 
this  latter  occupation  Mr.  Snodgrass  augmented 
his  educational  training  by  a  thorough  course 
in  the  correspondence  schools.  In  1887  he  came 
to   Sixjkane  county,   Washington,   operated   a 


MRS.  WILLIAM  S.  CAGLE.  WILLIAM  S.  CAGLE.  EUGENE  0.  SNODGRASS. 


MRS.  JOHN   OLSON. 


JOHN   OLSON. 


GEORGE   H.  KNAPP. 


AMIRON   E.  BIDGOOD. 


ENOCH   HARTILL 


EMIL  JONESON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


305 


saw  mill  and  farmed  on  Hangman  creek  for 
several  years.  In  1892  he  located  on  the  Co- 
lumbia river  in  Stevens  county  and  did  gen- 
eral farming  and  stock  raising.  The  ne.xt  oc- 
cupation was  conducting  a  fruit  drier  in  Kettle 
Falls  and  in  1893  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  the  county  hospital,  which  he  is  still 
conducting  to  the  satisfaction  of  all.  Mr. 
Snodgrass  has  property  in  various  sections  of 
the  country  and  is  a  prosperous  business  man. 

On  October  3,  1879,  Mr.  Snodgrass  mar- 
ried Miss  Missouri,  daughter  of  Shepherd  and 
Mary  (Robison)  McNabb,  natives  of  Tennes- 
see and  Missouri,  respectively.  The  father  was 
a  preacher  and  removed  to  Texas,  where  he 
died  in  1901.  The  mother  is  living  with  a  son 
in  Oklahoma.  They  were  the  parents  of  six 
children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Snodgrass  five 
children  have  been  born,  Ernest  G.,  Mary  S., 
Grace  M.,  Herbert  H.,  and  John  A.  Mr.  Snod- 
grass is  a  very  active  and  prominent  Repub- 
lican and  has  been  a  delegate  to  every  conven- 
tion since  settling  in  this  county.  He  has  been 
road  supervisor  and  school  director  and  while 
in  Kettle  Falls,  was  two  years  police  judge  and 
one  year  councilman.  Fraternally,  he  is  affili- 
ated with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  W. 
W.,  and  the  Rebekahs.  Mrs.  Snodgrass  is  a 
member  of  the  Rebekahs  and  also  of  the  Grand 
Lodge.  They  are  both  adherents  of  the  Cum- 
berland Piesbyterian  church. 

In  1884  while  in  Marcelina  precinct,  Wil- 
son county,  Te.xas,  Mr.  Snodgrass  cast  the  only 
Republican  vote  out  of  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
two  votes  in  the  precinct.  One  hundred  and 
fifty-one  went  Democratic,  while  this  one  went 
Republican  straight.  No  ballots  had  been  pro- 
vided for  the  Republican  ticket,  and  Mr.  Snod- 
grass had  to  make  out  his  ticket  on  blank  paper, 
copying  the  electors'  names  from  the  Toledo 
Blade. 


JOHN  OLSON,  of  Spring-dale,  Stevens 
county,  is  superintendent  of  the  Washington 
Brick  and  Lime  Company's  plant  located  at 
that  point. 

He  was  born  in  Lund,  Sweden,  July  i, 
1867,  the  son  of  Ole  and  Ingar  (Nelson)  Ol- 
son, natives  of  Sweden,  where  they  lived  and 
died.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
all  of  whom  are  deceasd  with  the  exception  of 


our  subject,  and  Rengta  who  resides  in  Sweden. 

In  the  old  country  Mr.  Olson  attended 
school  seven  months  in  each  year  up  to  the 
period  when  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He 
was  then  apprenticed  to  a  saddler,  with  whom 
he  remained  working  at  that  trade  five  years. 
Sailing  for  the  United  States,  he  settled  first 
in  Manistee,  Michigan,  living  there  two  years, 
and  going  thence  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota.  Dur- 
ing the  succeeding  eighteen  months  he  trav- 
eled extensively  through  the  central  states, 
coming  to  Washington  in  1889.  Following  the 
great  fire  in  Spokane  he  worked  in  that  city  in 
rebuilding,  and  then  engaged  in  railroading 
on  the  Central  Washington  line,  a  portion  of 
the  time  with  the  engineer's  crew.  He  then 
went  to  Idaho,  worked  at  various  employments, 
and  in  1891  came  to  Stevens  county  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  came  for  the  express 
purpose  of  laying  a  tramway  for  the  Wash- 
ington Brick  &  Lime  Company.  In  1893  he 
became  manager  for  the  company,  with  whom 
he  has  since  remained,  one  of  the  most  trusted 
employes  of  the  company.  He  has  thirty  men 
under  his  charge,  and  has  made  as  many  as 
sixty  thousand  barrels  of  lime  in  one  year. 

Our  subject  has  a  farm  of  two  hundred 
acres,  six  miles  north  of  Springdale,  stocked 
with  one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  cattle.  He 
also  owns  a  lot  in  Spokane,  and,  altogether,  is 
one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  Stevens  county. 
On  July  31,  1 90 1,  he  was  married  to  Ella 
Fogarty,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Ellen 
(Carter)  Fogarty,  natives  of  Ireland.  They 
have  two  children,  Austin  Donald,  and  Ellen 
Vivian.  Politically  he  is  a  liberal,  and  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Good  Templars  organization. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church;  his 
wife  is  a  Catholic. 

Mrs.  Olson  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Missouri,  on  December  14,  1876.  In  her  youth 
she  went  with  her  parents  to  Illinois,  thence  to 
Iowa  and  finally  to  Minnesota,  in  which  latter 
place  she  received  her  education,  partially  in  a 
convent  and  the  finishing  portion  in  the  state 
normal  scliool.  Following  her  graduation,  she 
began  teacliing,  and  for  seven  years  was  num- 
bered with  the  leading  educators  where  she 
labored.  In  December,  1900,  she  came  to 
Washington  and  here  occurred  her  marriage  as 
mentioned  above.  Mrs.  Olson  is  one  of  four- 
teen children,  nine  of  whom  are  living,  named 


3o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOX. 


as  follows:  Catherine.  Patrick.  Elizabeth,  D^-n- 
nis  J.,  Johanna.  Ellen.  Bridget.  W'inifre.l,  aivJ 
Rose. 


GEORGE  H.  KXAPP,  who  resides  seven 
miles  east  from  Colville,  is  a  well  known  agri- 
culturist and  orchardist  of  Stevens  county  and 
has  a  very  fine  estate.  He  was  born  in  De- 
Kalb  county,  Indiana,  on  May  6,  1853.  His 
parents  were  Susan  P.  and  ^V.  J.  Knapp,  na- 
tives of  New  York.  They  now  reside  in  Iowa, 
and  are  the  parents  of  the  following  named 
children :  George  H.,  Arthur,  Susan  E.,  A.  L., 
William,  Walter  O.,  Thomas  and  Charles  C. 
The  father  is  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war.  Our 
subject  received  his  educational  training  in  the 
common  schools  of  Indiana,  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  his  majority.  Then  he  began 
life  as  a  farmer  and  continued  in  this  occupa- 
tion in  Iowa  until  1888.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  where  he  took  a  preemption. 
In  1892  he  removed  from  that  farm  to 
his  present  place,  which  he  homesteaded. 
This  is  improved  with  good  buildings,  fine  or- 
chard, and  so  forth.  In  addition  to  farming  and 
fruit  raising.  Mr.  Knapp  handles  some  very 
fine  stock.  He  has  a  band  of  sheep,  and  some 
thoroughbred  Jerseys. 

In  1880  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
George  H.  Knapp  and  IMiss  Emma,  daughter 
of  Henry  C.  and  ]\Iary  A.  (Taylor)  Church, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Michigan,  re- 
spectively. They  later  settled  in  Illinois  and 
finally  mo\ed  to  Nebraska  where  the  father 
died.  The  mother  died  in  Iowa.  The  Church 
family  dates  back  to  colonial  times,  and  are 
prominent  people.  Captain  John  Church,  one 
of  the  familv.  was  a  ca]3tain  in  the  Pequod  war 
in  1836. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Knapp  six  children  have 
l^een  born,  four  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows : 
Albert.  Eugene.  Vernon  and  Joycelyn.  Those 
deceased  are  Frank  \\'.,  who  died  on  April  9, 
1899,  and  Edna,  whose  death  occurred  on  .April 
4,  1885.   ^ 

Mr.  Knapp  is  a  good,  strong  Republican, 
and  is  always  active  in  the  campaign.  He  is 
now  chairman  of  his  precinct  which  he  has  held 
for  eight  years.  Mrs.  Knapp  is  a  member  of 
the  Seventh  Day  Adveutist  church. 

To  Mrs.  Knapp  must  be  given  the  credit  of 
having  done  a  great  deal  fnr  the  education  of 


the  young  in  this  county.  ha\-ing  been  a  pioneer 
teacher  of  Stevens  county.  ^Ir.  Knapp  is  a  very 
enterprising  man,  and  in  the  Stevens  county 
fair  of  1903,  took  ten  first  prizes  and  six  sec- 
ond prizes  on  fruit,  and  six  first  prizes,  three 
second  prizes  and  the  sweepstake  prize  on 
grasses  and  grain. 


A]\IIRON  E.  BIDGOOD.  postmaster  of 
Springdale,  Stevens  county,  is  a  veteran  sol- 
dier with  a  war  record  second,  probably,  to  no 
other  man  in  the  state.  He  is  a  native  of  New 
York,  born  July  13,  1848,  the  son  of  George 
W.  and  Lucinda  (Shepard)  Bidgood,  born  and 
reared  in  \  ermont.  Soon  after  their  marriage 
they  removed  to  Michigan,  where  they  lived  in 
Calhoun  and  Kalamazoo  counties.  The  father 
was  a  cooper,  which  trade  he  followed  through- 
out his  life.  His  patriotism  was  of  a  sterling 
description,  and  in  1862  he  enlisted,  but  was 
not  accepted  on  account  of  his  advanced  age. 
He  is  of  English  descent,  his  ancestors  coming 
o\-er  in  the  Mayflower.  The  grandfather  of 
Mrs.  Bidgood  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution- 
ary War,  and,  also,  in  the  War  of  181 2.  They 
were  the  parents  of  five  children,  three  of 
whom  are  still  living,  viz :  Helen,  wife  of 
Alonzo  Shirley,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War; 
IMatilda  and  Amiron,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Until  the  age  of  sixteen,  the  latter  attended 
the  public  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and 
and  then,  inheriting  a  patriotic  disposition,  he 
enlisted  in  the  First  ^lichigan  \'olunteer  Cav- 
alry, July  13,  1863,  under  Captain  Clipperton. 
From  Detroit  he  went  to  Camp  Remount,  near 
Alexandria.  \'irginia.  and  from  there  he  joined 
his  regiment  in  the  field.  He  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Trevallian  Station,  Culpeper 
and  various  skirmishes  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  under  General  George  A.  Custer,  the 
victim  of  ths  Little  Big  Horn  massacre  in  1876. 
He  was  mustered  out  of  the  \olunteer  service 
at  Camp  Douglas,  Salt  Lake.  ]March  10,  1866. 
Returning  to  Illinois  he  ^vorked  on  a  farm  until 
January  2^.  1867.  and  then  enlisted  in  the 
regular  army,  and  was  assigned  to  Company 
F.,  Thirty-sixth  United  States  Infantry.  In 
1878  he  served  on  the  plains  against  the  In- 
dians, and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Bridger  and 
Fort  Steel.  Discharged  January  23.  1870,  he 
re-enlisted  ir  the  regular  serxice.  again  enlisted 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


307 


in  1876  and  was  finally  mustered  out  at  Fort 
Spokane  in  1881. 

Mr.  Bidgood  then  located  a  homestead  in 
Stevens  county  where  he  has  li\ed  ever  since. 
Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  but  the  first  op- 
portunity afforded  him  to  vote  was  after  he 
had  left  the  army,  when  he  cast  his  first  vote 
for  President  Harrison.  He  has  one  daughter, 
Elvira,  residing  in  Stevens  county.  Frater- 
nally he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  Order 
of  Washington,  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  He  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  Springdale  April  i, 
1901,  which  position  lie  still  holds. 


ENOCH  HARTILL,  deceased.  No  com- 
pilation purporting  to  grant  representation  to 
the  leading  men  of  the  Colville  valley  would  be 
complete  without  an  especial  m.ention  of  the 
esteemed  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this 
memorial.  Enoch  Hartill  was  born  in  Bed- 
worth,  Warwickshire,  England,  on  March  16, 
1836,  the  son  of  William  and  Sarah  (Hartop) 
Hartill,  natives  of  England,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  The  father  was  an 
engineer  in  the  coal  mines  durmg  all  his  life. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Bedworth  and  when  nineteen  came  to  Canada. 
He  journeyed  thence  in  a  short  time  to  the 
United  States  and  two  years  after  landing  on 
the  new  continent  he  was  back  in  England  to 
claim  the  hand  of  her  who  was  to  share  his 
fortune  through  life.  After  the  conclusion  of 
the  nuptials  they  came  to  Clinton,  Canada. 
Next  we  see  them  in  Illinois  and  in  1868  they 
embarked  in  one  of  the  popular  prairie  schoon- 
ers of  the  day  and  wound  their  weary  way 
across  sombre  plains  and  rugged  mountains, 
meeting  and  overcoming  the  hardships  and 
dangers  of  doughty  savage  and  tiresome  jour- 
neys, until  they  landed  in  the  fertile  ^Villam- 
ette  valley.  The  home  was  in  that  place  until 
1878,  and  they  then  came  to  Pine  City,  Wash- 
ington. In  1889  they  came  thence  to  Stevens 
county,  Washington.  A  quarter  section  of 
land  was  purchased  from  the  railroad  company, 
four  miles  north  from  Chewelah.  Mr.  Hartill. 
being  a  thrifty  and  industrious  man,  soon  had 
a  goodly  portion  of  the  estate  under  cultivation 
and  the  same  supplied  with  good  buildings  and 
other  improvements.  He  planted  an  orchard 
of  twenty  acres,  half  of  which  is  now  bearing. 


On  February  27.  1900,  the  beloved  mother  and 
wife  was  called  hence  by  death,  leaving  Ihe  fol- 
lowing children:  William  P.,  in  Pine  City; 
John  T.,  in  Rossland :  Jane  A.,  wife  of  E.  J. 
Arrington,  in  Stevejis  county:  Enoch,  in 
Rossland:  Martha  A.,  wife  of  Dan  Bridge- 
man,  in  Harrison,  Idaho:  Sarah  M.,  wife 
of  K.  Erickson,  in  Tekoa,  Washington : 
and  Joseph  M.,  Jesse  and  David,  twins,  and 
Emmanuel  S.,  all  in  Stevens  county.  Mr.  Har- 
till was  an  active  and  influential  Repuijlican 
and  in  addition  to  taking  a  keen  interest  in 
political  aft'airs  ser\-ed  on  tiie  school  boarvd.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Maccabees  and  the  de- 
nomination known  as  the  church  of  the  New 
Jerusalem.  In  1902  Mr.  Hartill  went  to  Eng- 
land to  arrange  for  his  marriage  with  his 
former  wife's  sister,  but  as  the  law  there  for- 
bade that  union  they  came  to  Boston  where  the 
ceremony  was  performed.  Thence  they  jour- 
neyed direct  to  Stevens  county  where  Mrs. 
Hartill  now  resides.  She  had  been  well  edu- 
cated in  England  and  remained  with  her 
mother  until  the  death  of  that  aged  lady  in 
I  goo.  She  owns  the  old  home  with  eighty 
acres  of  land  and  is  a  well  respected  and  he- 
loved  lad)'.  In  church  affiliation  Mrs.  Hartill 
adheres  to  the  Unitarian  faith. 

On  January  7,  1903,  the  summons  came 
which  called  Mr.  Hartill  to  lay  down  the  labors 
of  this  life  and  participate  in  the  realities  of  the 
world  be}-ond.  His  remains  were  buried  in  the 
Chewelah  cemetery  and  sincere  mourning-  was 
evident  evervwhere. 


E:^IIL  JONESON.  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful stockmen  of  Stevens  county,  living 
twelve  miles  south  of  Springdale,  is  devoting 
his  attention,  chiefly,  to  thoroughbred  animals. 
He  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  at  Smoland,  De- 
cember 30,  1870,  the  son  of  G.  P.  Halst  and 
Martha  Carlson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  the 
mother  still  lives,  the  father  dying  in  1902. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  Charley. 
John,  Christena,  deceased.  Matilda,  and  Emil. 
our  subject.  The  father  was  a  cousin  of  .An- 
drew Pearson,  the  secretary  of  state  of  Sweden. 

Having  gained  a  common  school  education, 
our  subject,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  began 
life  for  himself,  working  on  a  farm  and  in  the 
iron  works.     When  he  was  si.xteen  vears  old  he 


3o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


came  to  Ihe  United  States,  locating  first  at 
Crescent  Park,  between  Spokane  and  Lincoln 
counties,  Washington.  Five  years  later  he 
came  to  Stevens  county,  worked  on  a  stock 
ranch  four  years,  and  for  Guy  Haines  three 
years.  He  then  purchased  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  land,  and  later  another  quarter 
section,  to  which  he  added  eighty  acres,  making 
him  a  tract  of  four  hundred  acres.  Two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  acres  are  under  cultivation  and 
he  raises  considerable  stock.  He  has  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  fruit  trees,  good  buildings,  sub- 
stantial fencing  and  eight  hundred  thousand 
feet  of  timber.  The  old  Colville  road  passes 
through  his  premises. 

When  our  subject  arrived  in  the  United 
States  he  had  no  command  of  the  English  lan- 
guage but  has  mastered  it  well.  At  present  he 
has  great  faith  in  the  future  of  the  state  of 
Washington,  and  regards  it  as  the  place  for  a 
young  man. 

Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  manifesting  a 
lively  interest  in  the  issues  of  the  day,  and  is 
enterprising  and  public-spirited.  He  has  served 
as  road  supervisor  and  constable  two  terms 
each.  He  is  a  member  of  Springdale  Camp, 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  No.  10606,  and 
the  Presbyterian  church. 


GEORGE  HULL  is  one  of  the  younger 
agriculturists  and  stockmen  of  the  Colville 
valley,  w'ho  has  manifested  energy  and  capa- 
bility in  his  endeavors  in  this  section  and  who  is 
now  esteemed  as  one  of  the  substantial  and  up- 
right citizens.  He  was  born  in  Dixon  county, 
Nebraska,  on  April  22,  1875,  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Frances  (Mitchell)  Hull,  natives  of  Tenn- 
essee and  Iowa,  respectively.  They  came  to 
Whitman  county,  Washington  in  1889,  and  in 
1892  journeyed  to  Stevens  county  where  they 
now  live.  In  Nebraska  and  Whitman  county 
our  subject  received  his  educational  training 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  bade  farewell  to  school 
books  and  devoted  himself  to  farming.  When 
he  had  reached  his  majority,  he  took  his  pres- 
ent place  as  a  homestead,  it  lieing  seven  miles 
northeast  from  Colville.  Mr.  Hull  has  the 
place  well  improved  with  a  fine  orchard,  com- 
fortable and  substantial  buildings,  and  so  forth. 
He  also  owns  eighteen  head  of  live  stock.  Mr. 
Hull  is  a  Democrat  and  is  always  keenly  in- 


terested in  the  political  questions  of  the  day  and 
local  affairs.  He  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  all  of  whom  are  in  Stevens  county : 
Oliver,  Arthur,  Allen,  Annie  Lucks,  and 
Emma. 


JOHN  E.  MORROW  resides  about  three 
miles  southwest  of  Colville,  and  devotes  him- 
self to  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  is  one  of 
the  venerable  and  respected  citizens  of  the  val- 
ley and  has  achieved  success  in  his  enterprises. 

John  E.  Morrow  was  born  in  Peoria  county, 
Illinois  on  April  2,  1832,  the  son  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  (White)  Morrow,  natives  of  South 
Carolina  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  They  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  1828  where  the  mother 
died;  the  father  departed  this  earth  in  Iowa. 
Our  subject  received  a  limited  education  from 
the  common  schools  and  in  1859  went  to  Miss- 
ouri. The  following  spring  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Red  Bluff,  California.  Their  party 
consisted  of  but  ten  people  and  at  Mud  Springs 
they  had  several  severe  encounters  with  the 
Indians,  which  led  them  to  wait  until  another 
train  came  up.  Mr.  Morrow  lived  in  California 
until  1879,  and  then  went  to  Arizona,  thence 
to  Iowa  and  in  1887  he  located  his  present 
place. 

In  1874  Mr.  Morrow  married  ]\Iiss  Lucy 
J.,  daughter  of  Adolphus  and  Julia  (Alder- 
man) Pouty.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morrow,  James  A.,  in  Stevens 
county;  Julia  E.,  living  at  home  and  teaching 
school.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morrow  belong  to  the 
United  Brethren  church  and  have  been  devout 
supjiorters  of  that  denomination.  On  March 
22,  1902,  death  entered  the  happy  home  of  Mr. 
Morrow  and  took  his  beloved  wife.  Her  re- 
mains are  buried  in  the  Evergreen  cemetery. 
Mrs.  Alorrow  was  a  noble  Christian  woman 
and  her  demise  was  deeply  mourned  by  all  who 
knew  her. 


HENRY  LAUNDRY  is  one  of  the  indus- 
trious and  substantial  citizens  of  the  Colville 
valley;  and  by  hard  work,  skillful  management 
and  close  attention  to  business  he  has  gained  for 
himself  a  fine  holding  of  property.  His  estate 
lies  one-half  mile  west  from  Colville  and  is  pro- 
ductive of  bounteous  crops  annually;  in  addi- 
tion to  this,  Mr.  Laundrv  has  considerable  stock. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


309 


Henry  Laundry  was  born  in  Canada,  on  Jan- 
uary 12,  1838,  the  son  of  Jo'nn  and  Sophie 
(Aichie)  Laundry,  natives  of  Canada  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  The  ancestors 
came  from  France.  Henry  received  but  scanty 
opportunity  to  get  an  education  which,  however, 
he  improved  to  the  very  best  advantage.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  stepped  forth  from  the 
parental  roof  and  commenced  operations  on 
the  field  of  life's  battles  for  himself.  His  first 
journey  was  to  New  York  where  he  remained 
until  1865  in  which  year  he  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast  via  Panama.  Of  the  intervening  fifteen 
years  until  1880,  we  have  no  record.  At  the 
date  last  mentioned,  he  made  his  way  to  the 
Colville  valley  and  settled  upon  his  present 
estate.  The  country  was  very  wild  and  Mr. 
Laundry  gave  himself  up  to  improving  his 
ranch  and  freigliting  from  Spokane  to  Colville. 
Between  the  trips  he  remained  on  the  ranch 
and  continued  this  life  until  the  railroads  came 
to  Colville.  Mr.  Laundry  has  three  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  the  brothers  being  John,  Peter, 
and  Nelson.  Mr.  Laundry  has  never  seen  fit 
to  embark  upon  the  uncertain  seas  of  matri- 
mony, but  is  one  of  the  jolly  bachelors  of  the 
Colville  valley. 


ERASMUS  S.  McCLOUD.  When  the 
clouds  of  fratricidal  strife  hung  dark  and 
heavy  over  the  Union,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  one  of  those  Ijrave  and  noble  men  who 
stepped  forward  to  retrieve  from  insult  the 
stars  and  stripes  and  to  preserve  for  genera- 
tions to  follow  the  free  institutions  for  which 
our  forefathers  bled  and  died.  It  is  very  fitting 
that  an  epitome  of  Mr.  jMcCloud's  career 
should  appear  in  the  history  of  the  county,  for 
he  is  a  worthy  and  substantial  citizen.  He  was 
born  in  Rockingham,  Virginia,  on  September 
30,  1842,  the  son  of  Alexander  and  Delilah 
(Sowelter)  McCloud,  natives  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  They 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1866.  having  lost  all  their 
property  during  the  war  in  Virginia,  the  father 
died  in  1882  and  the  mother  in  1885;  after  re- 
ceiving his  education  our  subject  left  home  in 
i860,  migrated  to  Ohio,  and  there,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1863  enlisted  in  the  Twelfth  Ohio  Cavalry 
under  Captain  James  Hicks.  He  first  saw  the 
horrors  of  battle  at  Stirling.  Kentucky  where 
he  acquitted  himself  as  a  true  soldier.     Later 


he  was  detailed  as  scout  on  account  of  his 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  country.  He  served 
until  November  14,  1865,  when  he  received 
his  honorable  discharge  at  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
A  detailed  account  of  the  narrow  escapes,  thril- 
ling adventures,  and  arduous  service  of  Mr. 
McCloud  would  be  intensely  interesting  but 
space  forbids.  Subsequent  to  the  war,  he 
returned  to  Ohio,  remaining  there  until  1876, 
when  he  migrated  to  Kansas,  and  later  to  Colo- 
rado. Next  we  see  him  in  Butte,  Montana, 
and  in  1883  'le  went  to  Juneau,  Alaska.  Mr. 
McCloud  visited  all  the  camps  then  e.xisting  in 
Alaska,  spending  two  years  there.  In  1889  he 
came  to  Colville  and  selected  a  farm  where  he 
now  lives.  In  addition  to  doing  general  farm- 
ing, he  has  followed  mining  and  now  devotes 
his  summers  to  this  industry  largely.  His 
farm  is  well  improved  and 'is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  valley. 

In  1867  Mr.  McCloud  married  Miss  Nancy 
E.  Miller,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio. 
Mrs.  McCloud  died  in  1874.  Two  children 
born  to  the  union  died  before  the  mother's 
death.  Mr.  McCloud  is  a  good  old  fashioned 
Jeffersonian  Democrat,  and  is  always  on  hand 
for  the  campaigns  and  conventions.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  stands  well  in  the 
community.  He  is  past  commander  of  the 
John  M.  Coris  post. 

When  J\lr.  McCloud  was  fighting  for  the 
stars  and  stripes,  his  two  brothers  were  pressed 
into  service  under  the  stars  and  bars.  This 
terrible  thing  has  made  the  awful  conflict  seem 
somewhat  different  to  Mr.  McCloud,  as  it  was 
a  case  of  brother  fighting  against  brother.  He 
is  the  only  member  of  the  family  living,  so  far 
as  he  knows,  and  the  only  one  who  ever  came 
west. 


RODGER  SULLIVAN  has  the  distinc- 
tion of  being  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  the 
Colville  valley,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  give  an  outline  of  his  career  in 
opening  up  this  rich  country  for  the  ingress  of 
ci\'ilization.  He  was  born  in  Manchester,  Eng- 
land, in  March.  1826,  and  when  he  was  young 
came  with  his  parents  to  county  Cork,  Ireland. 
There  he  was  reared  and  educated  and  when 
twenty  years  of  age  started  out  in  life  for  him- 
self. In  1847  li^  came  to  Canada  and  worked 
on  the  railroad  for  a  short  time.     Then  he  mi- 


3IO 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


grated  to  Georgia  and  later  to  Tennessee  and  in 
this  last  place  he  worked  on  the  railroad  for  one 
man  for  five  years.  In  1863  Mr.  Sullivan  came 
to  California  by  way  of  cape  Horn  and  located 
at  Grass  Valley.  Next  we  see  him  occupied 
in  the  construction  of  the  fortifications  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  and  then  he  came  on  to 
British  Columbia.  In  1868  or  1869,  Mr.  Sulli- 
van landed  in  the  Colville  valley  and  since 
that  time  he  has  Ijeen  devoting  himself  to  the 
improvement  of  his  land  and  the  raising  of 
stock.  He  now  handles  two  hundred  acres  of 
good  land,  two  miles  west  from  Colville.  He 
has  thirty  head  of  stock,  and  handles  consider- 
able hay.  Mr.  Sullivan  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  political  matters  of  the  valley 
and  has  allied  himself  with  the  Democratic 
party  always.  In  1883  Mr.  Sullivan  married 
Mrs.  Roset  Kitt,  widow  of  James  Kitt.  Mrs. 
Sullivan  has  one  child  by  her  first  husband, 
Michael,  living  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Sullivan 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
church. 


JOHN  P.  HESSEL  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  the  Colville  valley  and  does  to- 
day a  fine  butcher  business  in  Colville,  where 
he  is. highly  esteemed  as  a  man  of  substantial 
qualities.  He  also  numbers  his  friends  from 
every  portion  of  the  valley  and  many  points  of 
the  northwest  as  well  as  in  various  other  lo- 
calities. 

John  P.  Hessel  was  born  in  Gaualgesheim, 
Germany,  on  December  4,  1845,  the  son  of 
Lawrence  and  Agnes  (Christian)  Hessel,  na- 
tives of  Gaualgesheim,  where  also  they  died. 
The  father  was  a  government  officer.  Seven 
children  were  born  to  this  worthy  couple  but 
only  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  two  others 
are  living,  namely  :  Margaret  Smith,  and  Mary, 
both  in  Germany.  Mr.  Hessel  was  educated 
and  reared  in  his  native  land  and  when  nine- 
teen started  out  in  life  for  himself.  He  had 
learned  the  butcher  trade  which  has  proved  to 
be  a  great  capital  to  him.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1865,  leaving  home  on  No- 
vember I.  He  wrought  at  his  business  in  New 
York,  then  in  Bloomington,  Illinois,  then  in 
Indianapolis  and  in  T875  he  went  to  Kansas 
City.  X'ext  we  see  him  in  Denver,  then  Lead- 
ville.  and  in  1880  he  went  through  the  western 
country  with   team  and  wagon,  and  then   re- 


turned to  Bloomington.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Chicago,  thence  to  Pueblo.  Portland,  Walla 
Walla  and  finally  arrived  in  Lewiston,  Idaho. 
He  turned  aside  from  the  butcher  business  and 
dealt  in  fruit  for  a  time.  Then  Mr.  Hessel 
wrought  in  Moscow  and  Spokane.  During  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  excitement,  he  went  to  Rath- 
drum  to  care  for  the  interests  of  V.  Dessert, 
of  Spokane  and  later  came  to  Spokane  to  follow 
the  same  line  of  business.  He  left  this  and 
came  to  Chewelah  and  opened  a  business, 
which,  in  1888  he  sold  and  bought  a  farm 
twelve  miles  south  from  Colville.  In  1889  Mr. 
Hessel  came  to  Colville  and  opened  a  shop  and 
here  he  has  been  since  and  is  one  of  the  most 
substantial  men  of  the  section.  He  has  a  good 
shop  and  owns  a  beautiful  residence  besides 
much  other  property.  He  has  some  fine  driving 
horses  and  handles  many  head  of  cattle,  hogs, 
and  sheep. 


ELMER  J.  AYERS  has  not  been  so  long 
in  Stevens  county  as  some  of  the  worthy  pion- 
eers, but  his  enterprise  and  good  substantial 
qualities  which  have  been  manifested  since 
his  coming  here  have  given  him  excellent  stand- 
ing among  the  people  and  he  is  entitled  to 
representation  in  this  volume  as  one  of  the 
capable  men  in  the  county.  He  was  born  in 
Fond  du  Lac,  W^isconsin,  on  February  3,  1870, 
the  son  of  Henry  and  Edith  (Parrish)  Avers, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Wisconsin,  respec- 
tively. The  family  removed  to  Elroy  in  that 
state  and  our  subject  received  a  fair  education 
in  the  public  schools  which  has  been  supple- 
mented by  personal  investigation  since,  ^^'hen 
ten  he  went  into  the  woods  and  dro\-e  logs  on 
the  river  during  the  spring  months  until  1888, 
when  he  came  to  South  Dakota,  there  being 
engaged  with  some  of  the  large  stock  ranches 
of  those  sections.  He  was  in  the  Siou.x  Indian 
war  when  Sitting  Bull  was  shot  and  he  had  his 
leg  broken  in  attempting  to  get  some  stock  out 
of  the  way  of  the  Indians.  Next  we  see  him 
in  Wyoming  and  thence  he  went  to  Montana 
and  later  he  settled  in  Walla  \\'alla  and 
wrought  for  the  electric  light  company.  In 
1900  Mr.  Ayers  came  to  the  Colville  valley  and 
took  a  homestead  and  since  that  time  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  its  improvement  and  also 
to  doing  general  timber  and  lumber  work. 

On  June  i,  1897  ^^''-  Avers  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


3" 


Elvia  A.,  daughter  of  Adison  and  Ida  (Ander- 
son) Worden,  natives  of  Wisconsin.  The 
mother  died  when  tiiis  daughter  was  four  years 
old.  The  father  came  west  in  1888,  and  now 
resides  in  Walla  Walla.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  this  marriage,  Edith  May.  Mrs.  Ayers 
died  on  January  21,  1900,  and  the  mother  of 
Mr.  Ayers  is  caring  for  the  little  daughter.  jMr. 
Ayers  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  is 
always  interested  in  the  welfare  and  progress 
of  the  country. 


JOHN  LIEPP  has  been  for  some  time  one 
of  the  actiye  and  substantial  men  of  the  Col- 
volle  valley,  being  interested  for  seven  years 
in  business  and  the  last  eight  3'ears  in  farming 
and  stock  raising.  He  was  born  in  Witten- 
berg, Germany,  on  April  8,  1846,  the  son  of 
Julius  and  Christena  (Nadela)  Liepp,  natives 
also  of  the  same  country.  The  father  died  in 
1892  and  the  mother  in  1876.  Our  subject 
has  four  brothers  and  sisters,  Anna  Heap, 
Jacob,  deceased,  Urcela,  Mary  Schanz.  John 
received  a  common  schooling  in  his  native  place 
and  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  father  until 
he  was  twenty-one.  Then  he  came  to  Balti- 
more and  for  two  years  was  industrious  in  var- 
ious callings  there.  Next  we  see  him  in  the 
vineyards  of  Missouri,  where  he  spent  seven 
years.  It  was  1877  that  Mr.  Liepp  made  his 
way  to  Oregon  and  then  journeyed  through 
Washington,  visiting  \'arious  places  until  he 
reached  the  Colville  valley  in  1885.  Here  he 
settled  and  here  he  has  been  since,  well  pleased 
with  the  country  and  its  resources.  He  entered 
business  for  the  first  seven  years  and  then  sold 
that  and  bought  his  farm,  four  miles  south  from 
Colville,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time. 
He  has  improved  his  place  with  fine  buildings, 
fences  and  so  forth  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial n'len  of  the  section.  Mr.  Liepp  devotes 
his  energies  to  general  farming  and  raising 
stock  and  hay  and  is  prospered  in  his  labors. 
Mr.  Liepp  is  an  active  Republican  and  is  al- 
ways keenly  interested  in  the  campaigns. 


MILO  JACOBS  is  a  product  of  Stevens 
county,  being  born  here  in  May,  1865,  and  hav- 
ing spent  his  entire  life  here.  He  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  farmers  of  the  valley  and  always 


manifests  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  state.  He  is  road  supervisor  and  in 
this  capacity  is  doing  a  good  work.  At  pres- 
ent Mr.  Jacobs  is  dwelling  on  his  farm,  seven 
miles  south  from  Colville,  and  has  a  good  place 
besides  about  thirty  head  of  stock.  He  re- 
ceived a  common  schooling  in  his  youthful 
days  but  his  father  died  when  he  was  seven  and 
he  was  left  to  assist  the  widowed  mother  in 
rearing  the  family.  As  soon  as  his  age  war- 
ranted he  went  to  work  for  the  farmers  near  l^y 
on  Walker's  prairie  and  continued  at  that  and 
splitting  rails  until  1890,  when  he  took  his 
present  homestead.  He  erected  a  house  and 
other  buildings  and  has  done  permanent  im- 
provement on  it,  making  it  a  place  of  value. 
Mr.  Jacobs'  parents  were  George  and  Catherine 
Jacobs.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Germany 
and  was  one  of  the  patriots  in  the  Civil  war 
and  after  his  time  of  service  had  expired  he 
was  one  of  the  brave  ones  who  reenlisted  and 
served  through  the  entire  struggle.  Mr.  Jacobs 
is  very  liberal  in  political  matters,  always  re- 
serving for  his  own  decision  the  choice  of  men 
and  measures  best  adapted  for  the  country. 

In  1888  Mr.  Jacobs  married  Miss  Margaret, 
daughter  of  John  and  Susie  Inkster,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  work.  Mrs. 
Jacobs  is  a  native  of  Stevens  county  and  was 
born  near  Valley. 


THOMAS  HELLER  lives  six  miles  south 
from  Colville  on  the  land  which  he  took  by 
squatter's  right  in  i860.  He  is  one  of  the 
oldest  pioneers,  is  well  known  all  over  the 
valley,  and  is  esteemed  by  all. 

Thomas  Heller  was  born  in  Jeft'erson 
county,  Virginia,  on  August  30,  1833,  and  with 
his  parents  went  to  Missouri,  thence  to  southern 
Illinois  and  finally  to  Iowa.  He  received  his 
schooling  in  these  four  states  and  when  seven- 
teen learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade.  In 
1854  Mr.  Heller  crossed  the  plains  to  the  \Mlla- 
mette  valley  and  there  wrought  at  his  trade  and 
on  the  farm.  In  1855,  he  enlisted  under  Cap- 
tain Lawton  and  served  a  year,  going  to  The 
Dalles,  Walla  Walla,  and  other  points  in  fight- 
ing the  Indians.  He  was  finally  mustered  out 
at  Albany,  Oregon,  in  August,  1856.  Then  he 
returned  to  The  Dalles  and  was  soon  in  the 
employ  of  the  government  as  teamster.  In  this 
capacity  he  met  Colonel  Steptoe  in  his  retreat 


312 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


from  the  memorable  fight  with  the  Indians. 
In  i860  Mr.  Heller  came  to  the  Colville  valley 
and  squatted  on  his  present  place.  It  proved  to 
be  one  of  the  three  donation  claims  and  he  has 
never  used  his  homestead  right  on  it.  Mr. 
Heller  has  devoted  great  labor  to  improving 
the  estate  and  adding  to  its  acreage.  He  has 
good  buildings  and  receives  as  annual  returns 
nearly  four  thousand  bushels  of  grain,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  tons  of  hay,  and  much  other 
productions.  He  has  bands  of  stock  and  is  one 
of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  valley. 

In  January,  1862  Mr.  Heller  married  Miss 
Esther,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  A. 
Jangreau,  of  Colville.  To  this  union,  seven 
children  have  been  born,  Mrs.  Charles  Haines, 
living  in  Springdale;  Philonise,  in  Ferry 
county,  Washington ;  Lucy,  a  widow  with  her 
parents  and  the  mother  of  four  children, 
Charles,  Alice,  Elvina,  and  Mamie;  Mercelina, 
deceased ;  Frank ;  Emeline,  wife  of  Fred 
Whitten  in  Springdale ;  and  Eliza,  wife  of  John 
Smith,  in  Colville. 


RICHARD  B.  FRY  is  one  of  the  enter- 
prising young  business  men  of  the  Colville 
valley  and  is  now  dwelling  in  Colville.  where 
he  has  a  handsome  residence  and  considerable 
real  estate.  He  was  born  in  Linn  county, 
Oregon,  on  February  15,  1869,  the  son  of 
Nathan  B.  and  Elizabeth  F.  (Biggers)  Fry, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Missouri,  respec- 
tively. They  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon 
when  young  and  settled  in  the  Willamette 
valley.  They  were  married  in  April,  1868,  and 
continued  to  reside  in  that  valley  until  1891 
when  they  came  to  Colville  and  here  they  dwell 
now.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  in  his  native  state  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty  went  to  do  for  himself  in  the  liattle  of 
life.  He  worked  in  the  saw  mills  and  then  came 
to  Bonners  Ferry  and  worked  in  a  hotel  for  his 
uncle.  One  year  later,  1891,  he  came  to  Col- 
ville and  here  he  has  remained  since.  He  was 
engaged  at  various  matters  until  T894,  when 
he  took  up  his  trade  of  carpentering  and  build- 
ing and  lias  since  that  time  devoted  himself 
to  this,  doing  now  a  regular  contracting  busi- 
ness. 

In  1889  Mr.  iM-y  married  Miss  Lucy, 
daughter  of  William  and  Susan  Koker,  natives 
of   Pennsylvania.      They   came   to   Oregon   in 


1886  and  to  Washington  in  1890.  The  father 
died  in  1896,  but  the  mother  still  lives  in  Col- 
ville. Four  children  have  been  torn  to  this 
union,  Clarence,  Christeen,  Howard,  and  Gar- 
land. Mr.  Fry  is  a  nephew  of  Richard  Fry, 
the  noted  pioneer  who  was  the  first  white  man 
to  remain  in  the  Colville  valley. 


GILBERT  B.  AUBIN.  The  subject  of 
this  article  is  a  man  of  stability  and  reserve 
force  and  during  his  career  in  this  valley  has 
demonstrated  his  power  to  handle  the  resources 
here  to  good  advantage,  being  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  substantial  citizens  of  the 
county.  In  addition  to  real  estate  and  stock, 
which  interests  he  superintends,  he  is  bailiff  of 
the  court  and  in  this  position  has  rendered  ex- 
cellent service  for  six  years. 

Gilbert  B.  Aubin  was  born  in  Saint  Anicet, 
Canada,  on  September  14,  1846.  the  son  of 
J.  B.  and  Margaret  (Dupuis)  Aubin,  also  na- 
tives of  Canada  where  they  remained  untitl 
their  death,  the  father  being  aged  ninety-six 
and  the  mother  eighty-four  at  that  time.  They 
were  the  parents  of  twenty-six  children,  eight 
of  whom  still  live,  Antone,  George,  Francis 
F.,  Israel,  Anicet,  William,  Virginia,  and  Gil- 
bert B.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
place,  being  favored  with  a  normal  course, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  started  out  for  him- 
self. He  followed  lumbering  for  a  time  and  in 
1868  did  the  same  work  in  Wisconsin.  The 
next  year  he  went  home  and  in  1870,  we  see 
him  in  Nevada,  whence  he  returned  home  in 
one  year  on  business.  In  1872  he  was  back  in 
Nevada  mining  and  in  1880,  he  was  appointed 
guard  in  the  penitentiary  and  worked  up 
through  e\'ery  position  of  trust  in  the  institu- 
tion to  deputy  warden.  In  1883  Mr.  Aubin 
came  to  Colville  and  since  that  he  has  been  in 
the  valley.  He  located  a  homestead  near  Col- 
ville and  at  once  went  to  producing  the  fruits 
of  the  field,  and  has  been  very  successful  since. 
He  has  a  valuable  place  well  improved,  and  in 
addition  to  general  farming  he  handles  con- 
siderable stock.  He  has  as  fine  blooded  horses 
as  there  are  in  the  county. 

On  February  20.  1879,  Mr.  .Aubin  married 
Miss  Hattie,  daughter  of  Hugh  and  Melvina 
(Gregg)  Canady,  natives  of  Illinois.  Some  of 
the  Gregg  family  came  to  California   in   the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


313 


pioneer  clays  and  they  also  made  settlement  in 
Oregon  and  Washington.  The  parents  of  Mrs. 
Aubin  started  across  the  plains  and  the  mother 
died  when  this  daughter  was  three  weeks  old. 
The  father  was  drowned  while  crossing  the 
Fraser  river,  as  is  supposed.  One  child  has 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Aubin,  Hattie  M., 
wife  of  L.  E.  .Jessept,  in  \Vallace.  Idaho.  Mr. 
Aubin  has  been  a  Republican  all  his  life  until 
the  Populist  movement  came  and  then  he  allied 
himself  with  it.  In  January,  1897,  he  was  ap- 
pointed court  bailiff  and  since  that  time  has  dis- 
charged the  duties  incumbent  upon  him  in  a 
capable  and  becoming  manner. 

On  April  22,  1903,  Mr.  Aubin  bought  the 
interests  of  Henry  and  Joseph  Dupuis  in  the 
Colville  Livery  Stables,  which  he  is  conducting 
now  in  addition  to  his  other  business. 


RICHARD  NAGLE  is  the  present  county 
auditor  of  Stevens  county  and  in  this  capacity, 
as  in  all  his  career,  he  has  manifested  that 
efficiency,  faithfulness  and  integrity  that  have 
won  for  him  the  unbounded  confidence  of  the 
people  and  the  respect  of  all  who  know  him. 
He  was  born  in  Shieldsville,  Minnesota,  on 
March  19,  1858,  the  son  of  John  and  Bridget 
(Murphy)  Nagle,  natives  of  Ireland  and  immi- 
grants to  the  United  States  in  1848,  when  tiiey 
settled  at  Shieldsville,  Rice  county,  Minnesota. 
They  remained  there  until  their  deatli.  the 
father  passing  away  in  1893  and  the  mother  in 
1899.  The  father  had  fought  in  the  fierce 
Indian  wars  in  Minnesota.  Our  subject  was 
well  educated  in  the  common  and  high  schools, 
then  took  a  business  course  and  finally  took  a 
course  in  the  Grove  Lake  Academy.  Finishing 
in  1878,  he  at  once  went  to  teaching  and  he  has 
been  prominent  in  that  profession  ever  since. 
Mr.  Nagle  taught  steadily  in  Minnesota  until 
1889,  when  he  came  and  taught  a  term  in 
Stevens  county,  after  which  he  returned  to 
Minnesota.  In  1891  he  came  west  again  and 
took  up  teaching  in  this  county  and  continued 
steadily  at  it  until  he  was  appointed  deputy 
county  treasurer.  In  1900  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Democratic  party  as  county  auditor  against 
D.  C.  Ely,  and  he  won  the  day  by  five  hundred 
and  eighty-nine  votes.  At  the  expiration  of 
that  term,  he  took  the  field  again  and  won 
against    Fred    Rehonill   by   one   hundred    and 


thirty  votes,  being  one  of  three  to  be  elected  on 
his  ticket.  Mr.  Nagle  has  made  a  first-class 
officer  and  is  a  man  above  reproach  and  one 
of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county. 

In  1890,  Mr.  Nagle  married  Miss  Sarah  A. 
Hill,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Ireland  and 
settled  in  St.  Cloud,  Minnesota,  where  the 
father  now  lives.  The  mother  died  some  years 
since.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union, 
Catherine.  Mr.  Nagle  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  W.  and  the  M.  W.  A.  Mrs.  Nagle  is  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Nagle 
has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Thomas, 
Johuj  Mark  H.,  Catherine,  deceased. 


BERNARD  WILLENBRINK  is  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  Colville  and  is  now  re- 
tired from  acti\-e  business  enjoying  the  com- 
petence which  his  skill  and  enterprise  have  ac- 
cumulated. He  was  born  in  Oldenburg,  Ger- 
many, on  November  20,  1846,  the  son  of  An- 
tone  and  Agness  (Rabe)  Willenbrink,  natives 
of  Germany,  where  they  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  in  Oldenburg,  completing  his  train- 
ing in  the  normal.  Then  he  learned  the  car- 
penter trade  and  followed  that  until  he  came 
to  America  in  1866.  He  landed  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  there  worked  at  his  trade  until  1873, 
when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati  and  entered  the 
employ  of  a  large  casket  and  coffin  manufac- 
tory. This  continued  until  1875  and  the  next 
two  years  he  was  at  his  trade  of  building.  Then 
came  a  move  to  Iowa  where  he  followed  mer- 
chandising for  one  and  one-half  years.  We 
next  see  him  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  where 
he  followed  his  trade  until  1879.  Mr.  Willen- 
brink determined  to  try  the  mining  country  at 
this  time  and  accordingly  made  his  way  to 
Leadville,  Colorado,  and  in  1883,  he  went 
thence  to  San  Francisco  and  later  was  in  The 
Dalles.  He  journeyed  from  that  place  to 
Spokane  and  in  1885  came  into  the  Col\-ille 
valley.  He  took  a  pre-emption  and  in  1892 
filed  a  homestead.  In  1888,  Mr.  Willenbrink 
built  the  Standard  grist  mill  and  operated  that 
in  connection  with  overseeing  his  farms  until 
1901.  His  farms  are  well  improved  and  are 
valuable  estates.  Mr.  W^illenbrink  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters :  Arnold,  deceased, 
Antone.    Carl,    deceased,    Francis,    Katherine 


314 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


W'ilke.  Josephine,  deceased.  Dina,  Elizabeth, 
deceased.  Our  subject  is  an  active  Democrat 
and  is  keenly  interested  in  the  issues  of  local 
and  state  import.  He  is  a  devoted  member  of 
the  Catholic  church  and  is  a  man  of  substantial 
qualities  and  integrity. 


ELBERT  L.  FRY.  a  well  known  carpenter 
of  Colville.  is  a  young  business  man  of  ability 
and  good  standing,  and  because  of  his  worth 
and  integrity  he  has  hosts  of  friends  and  is 
respected  by  all.  He  was  born  in  Alarion  county, 
Oregon,  on  July  lo,  1875,  the  son  of  N.  B.  and 
Elizabeth  ( Bigges)  Fry.  natives  of  New  York 
and  Missouri,  respectively.  The  father  came 
west  in  1849  3"<J  the  mother  in  1852,  being 
aged  fifteen  and  si.x  respectively.  The  mother's 
people  settled  in  Scio  and  th6  father's  in  Linn 
county,  Oregon.  The  father  died  there  in  1895, 
aged  ninety-three.  They  were  the  parents  of 
seventeen  children.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen 
started  out  for  himself.  He  worked  at  various 
vocations  and  in  1891  came  to  Stevens  county 
and  worked  in  the  mines.  Then  he  settled  in 
town  and  took  up  his  trade  of  carpenter,  which 
he  had  previously  learned. 

In  1896  Mr.  Fry  married  Miss  Ada,  daugh- 
ter of  Frank  and  Amanda  (Koker)  Nickels,  na- 
tives of  Iowa.  In  1888  they  came  west  and 
then  returned,  th^  father  dying  in  Iowa  in  1891. 
The  mother  still  lives  there.  Two  children  have 
been  horn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fry,  Ellis  L.  and 
Gladvs.    Mr.  Frv  is  a  member  of  the  W.  \V. 


ADAM  W.  ARNOLD,  the  well  known 
gunsmith  and  knife  manufacturer  of  Colville, 
is  a  man  of  good  standing  and  of  vast  experi- 
ence in  the  northwest  in  pioneer  days.  He  was 
born  in  Chatham,  Canada,  on  April  20,  1836, 
the  son  of  John  Arnold,  the  blacksmith,  as  he 
was  familiarly  called,  who  served  in  the  War 
of  1812,  on  the  Canadian  side,  participating  in 
the  battles  of  Lundy's  Lane  and  Longwoods. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  Catherine  Shay, 
a  native  of  Canada.  Both  remained  in  their 
native  place  until  their  death.  Our  subject's 
father's  father  was  born  in  Peiijisylvania  and 
the  father  of  Adam's  mother  was  a  sea  captain 
and  followed  it  until  eighty,  when  he  retired 
and  li\-ed  to  the  grand  old  age  of  one  hundred 


and  nineteen.  This  venerable  gentleman  was  a 
native  of  Ireland.  Our  subject  received  a  com- 
mon schooling  and  became  a  very  apt  mechanic 
under  his  skillful  father's  tuition.  He  remained 
at  home  until  twenty-two  and  then  started  for 
himself.  In  1862  he  crossed  the  plains  and 
the  Rockies  and  commenced  the  labor  of  pros- 
pecting for  placer  gold.  This  was  continued 
for  ten  years  and  then  he  bought  a  threshing 
machine.  This  was  in  1873  and  he  operated 
the  machine  until  it  was  worn  out  and  then 
bought  another  and  wore  it  out  also.  In  1890, 
Mr.  Arnold  started  a  gunsmith  shop  and  a 
manufactory  of  knives  and  since  that  time  has 
given  his  attention  to  these  industries  with  a 
good  patronage.  He  has  the  skill  to  make  any 
kind  of  a  knife  and  makes  a  specialty  of  hunt- 
ing knives.  He  made  one  for  a  friend  of  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt,  which  the  president  admires 
very  much.  The  weapon  is  made  of  heavy  tool 
steel  of  the  best  quality  and  is  a  handsome  and 
e.xcellent  piece  of  workmanship. 

In  1888  Mr.  Arnold  married  Miss  Alice, 
daughter  of  John  and  Jennie  Brook.  The  father 
was  a  stone  cutter  and  died  in  1900  but  the 
mother  still  lives  in  Spokane.  To  this  mar- 
riage three  children  have  been  born :  Ethel, 
Emigene  and  Charles  G.  ?^Ir.  Arnold  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Elizabeth,  Os- 
car, Amanda,  Timothy,  Mary,  Edward  and 
Thomas.  ]\Ir.  Arnold  is  a  stanch  Republican 
and  a  warm  supporter  of  the  present  adminis- 
tration. 


HENRY  A.  DUPUIS  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Colville  and  is  handling  a 
good  patronage  in  the  livery  line.  Mr.  Dupuis 
is  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Joseph,  and 
they  are  enterprising  and  successful  in  their 
business.  They  have  a  full  quota  of  rigs  and 
some  fine  driving  animals. 

Henry  A.  Dupuis  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  on  March  29,  1878,  the  son  of  Elie 
and  Natolie  (Leblanc)  Dupuis,  natives  of  Can- 
ada. They  came  to  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  1887 
and  to  Stevens  county  in  1888,  where  they  now 
dwell  on  a  farm.  Our  subject  was  with  the 
family  in  these  moves  and  began  his  schooling 
in  this  valley  which  was  continued  in  1893  at 
Gonzaga  College,  in  Spokane.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen,  he  started  out  for  himself  and  soon 
entered  partnership  with  his  brother.     For  four 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


315 


years  the}^  were  successfully  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. In  1 90 1,  they  bought  out  their  present 
business  in  Colville  and  since  tiiat  date  have 
conducted  a  first-class  stable  and  have,  by  their 
care  for  guests  and  skill  in  furnishing  good 
rigs,  won  the  patronage  of  the  traveling  public 
in  a  gratifying  manner.  They  have  twenty 
head  of  horses  and  fifteen  rigs  for  the  service 
here.  They  also  own  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  land. 


JOHN  B.  NELSON,  who  resides  four 
miles  northwest  from  Colville  on  a  good  estate 
of  a  quarter  section,  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers  of  the  Colville  valley  and  is  doing  a 
good  business  in  raising  hay  and  handling 
stock.  He  was  born  in  California  on  July  6, 
1866,  the  son  of  John  M.  and  Alvira  A.  (Stew- 
art) Nelson,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Iowa,  re- 
spectively. The  father  crossed  the  plains  first 
as  guide  for  a  company  fitted  out  by  the  Amer- 
ican Fur  Company,  and  landed  in  Portland. 
He  went  through  the  Rog-ue  river  war  under 
Joseph  Lane  and  received  a  wound  in  the  stom- 
ach with  a  poisoned  arrow,  which  compelled 
him  to  lie  on  his  stomach  for  eighteen  months. 
Recovering  from  this,  he  went  to  California 
and  Nelson  river  is  named  from  him  on  this 
trip.  He  returned  to  Oregon  and  married  Miss 
Stewart  then  went  again  to  California  and 
mined  and  travelled  to  various  places  until 
1885,  when  he  settled  in  the  Coh'ille  valley.  In 
1 90 1  he  went  to  Spokane,  Washington  and  is 
now  overseer  for  Dr.  Latham,  who  is  putting 
in  a  large  fish  pond  near  that  city.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  died  in  1900.  Six  children  were 
born  to  this  union:  William  R.,  deceased.  Cap- 
tain Dick,  deceased,  Emma,  deceased,  John  B., 
Fannie  Miles  and  Bird.  Our  subject  went  to 
the  various  places  visited  by  the  family  after 
his  birth,  and  in  Seattle  and  Vancouver  he  re- 
ceived his  education  and  early  learned  the  car- 
penter trade.  He  remained  with  his  father  un- 
til thirty  and  then  went  to  do  for  himself.  Mr. 
Nelson  did  considerable  bridge  work  in  this 
county  and  in  1893  he  took  a  homestead  and 
started  an  orchard.  He  sold  this  later  and  in 
1898  went  to  Republic  and  built  the  Laree 
brewery.  Upon  his  return  to  Colville,  he 
bought  his  present  estate,  which  is  known  as 
the  Jandrew  farm,  the  first  piece  of  patented 
land  in  the  valley.     He  has  fine  improvements 


and  handles  considerable  hay  annually,  his  be- 
ing considered  about  the  best  hay  ranch  in  this 
section. 

On  November  6,  1895,  Mr.  Nelson  mar- 
ried Miss  lone  D.,  daughter  of  A.  J.  and  Clara 
M.  (Dudley)  Reynolds,  natives  of  Minnesota 
and  emigrants  to  Washington  in  1896.  Mrs. 
Nelson  died  in  March,  1899,  leaving  three 
children:  Clara,  Nellie  I.,  and  an  unnamed  in- 
fant, now  deceased.  Later,  Mr.  Nelson  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Walsh,  whose  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Illinois,  where  the  father  now  lives. 
The  mother  died  when  ]\Irs.  Nelson  was  young. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage : 
Mary  and  John  E.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  is  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  church. 


GEORGE  W.  SEAL.  This  enterprising 
and  capable  gentleman,  whose  labors  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  countr}-  are  so  well  known  in 
the  Colville  valley,  is  deserving  a  place  among 
the  leading  citizens  of  the  county  both  on  ac- 
count of  his  achievements  as  well  as  because  of 
his  integrity  and  uprightness  which  ha\e  been 
manifested  in  a  worthy  career. 

George  W.  Seal  was  born  in  Lesueur,  Minn- 
esota, on  July  I,  1866,  the  son  of  John  E.  and 
Ena  (Brunstead)  Seal,  natives  of  England 
and  Norway,  respectively.  They  came  to 
Canada  in  1852  and  were  married  in  New  Lon- 
don, whence  they  remo^-ed  to  Lesueur  county, 
Minnesota  in  1857.  .  The  father  served  in  the 
Civil  War,  being  in  Company  G,  Tenth  Minn- 
esota Volunteers,  where  he  continued  four 
years.  Following  the  war  he  returned  to  Minn- 
esota and  remained  in  the  first  county  and  in 
Ottertail  county  until  1892.  In  that  year  they 
removed  to  Addy  and  there  he  kept  hotel  until 
his  death,  November  5,  1899.  The  mother  still 
lives  there.  Seven  children  were  born  to  this 
marriage:  Etta,  Addie  and  Emma,  twins,  Al- 
fred. George  W.,  Minnie,  and  Lilly.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  the  graded  and  high 
schools  in  Minnesota  and  then  taught  school 
winters  and  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  dur- 
ing the  summers.  This  continued  until  he  was 
twenty-three  and  at  that  time  he  came  to  .\ddy, 
or  rather  where  .Addy  stands  now.  Then  there 
was  a  grist  mill  owned  by  Godleib  Fatzer,  who 
died  in   1896.     Mr.   Seal  located  there  in  the 


3i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mercantile  business  and  in  1890  secured  a  post- 
office,  his  partner,  E.  S.  Dudrey,  being  ap- 
pointed postmaster.  They  secured  a  sidetrack 
and  began  the  laborious  work  of  opening  up  a 
town  for  the  benefit  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. They  continued  the  business  until  1896 
then  Mr.  Seal  bought  out  his  partner  and  han- 
dled the  business  alone  until  1902  when  he  sold 
to  J.  D.  Newman.  Mr.  Seal  states  that  his  car- 
load shipments  were  as  high  as  eight  hundred 
cars  in  1900,  thus  demonstrating  the  inammoth 
business  he  attended  to.  In  1902,  Mr.  Seal 
was  nominated  by  the  Republican  party  by  ac- 
clamation for  county  treasurer  and  although 
his  opponent,  J.  F.  Lavigne,  was  held  up  by  the 
fusionist  forces,  still  he  won  the  day  by  one 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  votes.  His  precinct 
of  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  ga\-e  him  one 
hundred  and  five.  He  is  in  this  important  office 
at  this  time  and  is  an  efficient  and  capable  of- 
ficer. Mr.  Seal  was  clerk  and  director  of  his 
school  district  for  ten  years.  He  owns  the 
town  site  of  Addy  and  has  liberally  endowed 
the  churches,  schools  and  town,  by  lots  for  edi- 
fices and  a  town  hall. 

On  March  8,  1893,  Mr.  Seal  married -Miss 
Nellie  A.  Anderson,  whose  parents  were  natives 
of  Sweden  and  came  to  Galesburg,  Illinois 
when  young.  The  father  journeyed  on  to 
Stevens  county  in  1890  and  now  dwells  near 
Addy._  The  mother  died  when  Mrs.  Seal  was 
young.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union :  Irene  M.  and  George  A.  Mr.  Seal  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  of  the  W. 
W.,  while  Mrs.  Seal  belongs  to  the  Women  of 
Woodcraft  and  the  Eastern  Star.  Mr.  Seal 
has  considerable  real  estate  in  various  places, 
as  Spokane,  Addy.  in  the  valley,  and  in  Ross- 
land. 


FRANCIS  WOLFF  is  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  and  intrepid  pioneers  of  this  west- 
ern country,  having  been  intimately  acquainted 
with  its  development  and  the  ways  and  times 
of  early  days,  and  is  now  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  county  of  Stevens. 

Francis  \\'o!ff  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
June  15.  1833,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Charlotte 
(Nebel)  Wolflf.  natives  of  Germany.  They 
came  to  the  United  States,  the  father  having 
taken  part  in  the  revolution  there  and  being  in 
disfa\or  with  the  king.     Later  he  was  recalled 


and  settled  up  the  estate  of  which  he  had  been 
deprived  and  lived  on  the  king's  domain  until 
his  death.  Six  children  were  in  the  family, 
William,  Henry,  Carl,  Francis,  who  is  our  sub- 
jest,  Annie  and  Augusta.  Francis  was  well 
educated  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  appren- 
ticed to  a  dry  goods  firm  for  five  years,  but  as 
he  loved  independence  he  later  threw  off  the  re- 
striction and  came  to  the  L'nited  States  and 
enlisted  in  the  regular  army.  His  regiment  was 
sent  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  1852  and  was  de- 
tailed to  meet  Governor  Stevens  of  Washing- 
ton at  Fort  Benton.  Go\'ernor  Stevens  found 
suppplies  too  short  to  accomplish  his  work,  and 
so  called  for  volunteers  to  accompany  Captain 
John  Mullan.  Only  seventeen  responded,  our 
subject  being  with  that  number.  The  object  of 
Captain  Mullan  was  to  find  a  practical  route 
through  the  mountains,  and  fourteen  months 
of  most  arduous  search  and  labor  were  spent 
in  this  undertaking.  In  1854  Mr.  W'olff  opened 
a  mercantile  establishment  in  The  Dalles  and 
later  remo\-ed  to  L'matilla  Landing  where  he 
was  cleaned  out  by  the  Indians  on  the  war  path. 
He  enlisted  in  1855  ^'^  ^S^'^^  them  and  continued 
until  they  were  subdued.  He  came  to  Colville 
in  1856  with  a  stock  of  goods  and  in  1858  the 
Indians,  agitated  bj'  the  agents  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  tried  to  oust  him,  but  he  was 
given  time  to  sell  his  goods.  Later  Mr.  Wolff, 
with  seventeen  miners,  fitted  for  the  Eraser 
river  gold  fields,  being  the  first  in  there,  this 
being  in  1857.  He  took  in  goods  and  sold  to 
Indians  for  gold  dust  and  came  out  to  The 
Dalles  to  fit  up  again.  He  sent  word  to  his 
partner  at  Colville  to  meet  him  with  the  goods 
and  stock  at  Okanogan  lake,  thencalled  Soyers 
lake.  At  Fort  Okanogan  Chief  ]\Ioses  refused  to 
cross  Mr.  Wolff  at  the  Columbia  river.  Later, 
however,  they  crossed  Mr.  Wolff  and  party, 
but  told  him  if  he  insisted  on  going  into  the 
Eraser  country  there  would  be  a  fight.  So  a 
few  days  later  they  were  attacked  by  the  In- 
dians and  a  continuous  fight  was  kept  up  for 
two  days  and  one  night.  Then  the  Indians 
moved  on  ahead,  intending  to  waylay  the  Col- 
ville outfit.  This  they  accomplished  and  confis- 
cated the  entire  train  of  cattle  and  supplies. 

Mr.  Wolff  put  in  a  claim  to  the  government, 
but  as  it  was  done  on  Canadian  soil  he  could 
get  no  reinbursement.  He  fought  his  way  on 
to  the  Eraser  country  and  returned  to  The 
Dalles,    going    to    San    Francisco.       Colonel 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


317 


Wright  asked  him  full  particulars  and  knowing 
the  truth  of  the  matter  promised  to  send  sol- 
diers back  with  him  if  he  wished  to  return. 
The  next  year  he  came  back  to  Colville  and  has 
practically  been  here  since.  He  raised  many 
cattle  and  one  winter  sent  six  hundred  to  the 
Newman  lake  country  to  be  wintered,  but 
through  carelessness  of  his  man  four  hundred 
died.  Mr.  Wolff  has  a  half  section  of  land,  is 
now  retired,  rents  his  property,  and  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  men  of  the  valley. 

In  1870  Mr.  Wolff  married  Celeste,  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  and  Rosale  Meraux,  natives  of 
Scotland  and  Canada,  respectively.  Six  child- 
ren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Kate  Char- 
lotte, Frank,  Lawrence,  Percy  and  Lester.  Mr. 
Wolff  is  a  strong  Republican  and  has  always 
been  prominent  in  this  realm.  He  was  sheriff 
in  1862-3,  was  county  commissioner  one  term, 
and  has  been  probate  judge  for  two  terms. 
Mrs.  Wolff  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 


JOHN  RICKEY  is  at  the  present  time  de- 
voting his  attention  to  farming  and  raising 
stock  and  is  making  a  good  success  in  these 
lines.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  of  the 
country  and  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  general  de- 
velopment and  in  commercial  relations.  Dur- 
ing all  the  years  since  1866  he  has  been  allied 
with  the  interests  of  this  valley  and  much  credit 
is  due  him  for  the  advancement  and  progress 
brought  about  by  his  enterprise  and  wisdom. 
He  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  on  October 
19,  1844,  the  son  of  Foster  and  and  Nancy 
(Bowles)  Rickey,  also  natives  of  Knox 
county.  The  father  was  a  physician  and  re- 
moved to  Albany,  Gentry  county,  Missouri,  in 
1845,  where  he  practiced  until  his  death  in 
1853.  The  widow  moved  to  Lafayette  county, 
Wisconsin  and  later  to  Wapello  county,  Iowa 
and  married  again.  She  died  in  1863.  Our 
subject  was  educated  principally  in  Iowa  and 
in  1864  came  across  the  plains  to  California 
with  Benjamin  Ingles,  where  he  lived  two 
years.  It  was  1866  when  he  came  to  the  Col- 
ville valley,  whence  he  went  to  British  Colum- 
bia and  mined  on  the  Columbia  river  and  then 
returned  to  this  county  and  mined  with  George 
Weaver  for  about  six  years.  Then  Mr.  Rickey 
took  a  right  on  unsurveyed  land  and  for  twenty 
years  he  lived  on  that  land  and  improved  it  in 


good  shape.  He  traded  with  the  Indians  and 
the  incoming  settlers  and  did  a  good  business, 
also  did  much  farming  and  raising  stock.  He 
put  out  the  first  orchard  in  the  valley  and  has  in 
many  ways  lead  on  in  the  good  work  of  de- 
velopment. He  ran  the  first  and  only  steamer 
on  the  Columbia  river  from  Kettle  Falls  to 
Fort  Spokane  and  for  eight  years  he  did  mer- 
chandising. In  1887,  Mr.  Rickey  was  ap- 
pointed county  treasurer  and  the  next  year  he 
was  nominated  by  his  party  and  elected  and 
then  at  the  end  of  the  term  re-elected,  gaining 
the  day  the  second  time  by  two  hundred  ma- 
jority over  B.  P.  Moor,  Democrat.-  In  1892, 
Mr.  Rickey  built  a  large  brick  block  in  Colville, 
three  stories  and  seventy  by  eighty  feet,  the  lar- 
gest structure  in  the  town.  He  took  up  dairy- 
ing and  also  bought  forty  acres  of  land  near 
town  and  put  up  a  brick  dwelling,  two  stories 
high.  \lr.  Rickey  is  a  strong  and  leading  Re- 
publican and  is  always  laboring  for  the  up- 
building and  welfare  of  the  county. 

On  October  9,  1881  Mr.  Rickey  married 
Miss  Delphine,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Silva 
(Murgerux)  Jenette,  natives  of  Canada  and 
Washington,  respectively.  Eight  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union :  Foster,  Ida.  Meta, 
lona,  Walter,  Nora,  Bertha,  and  an  infant  un- 
named.    The  children  are  all  at  home. 


JOHN  U.  HOFSTETTER  is  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  to  permanently  locate  in  the 
Colville  valley.  He  is  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  county  to-day  and  has  been  a  lead- 
ing citizen  during  the  intervening  years.  He 
was  born  in  Splugen,  Switzerland,  on  April  i, 
1829,  the  son  of  John  and  Ursella  (Mangalt) 
Hofstetter.  natives  of  Switzerland,  where  they 
remained  until  the  time  of  their  death.  The 
mother  died  when  this  son  was  seven  and  the 
father  married  again  and  raised  two  children 
by  the  second  wife.  Nine  children  had  been 
born  to  the  first  marriage.  One  brother  of 
John  U.  was  instrumental  in  quelling  a  re- 
bellion in  the  country  in  1848.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  his  native  land  and 
when  eleven  went  to  work  in  a  calico  printing 
factory.  For  seven  years  he  followed  that  and 
then  learned  shoemaking.  In  1854,  he  landed 
in  the  LTnited  States  and  after  a  short  stay  in 
New  York,  he  went  to  New  Jersey  and  then  en- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


listed  in  the  NineteentTi  Regular  Infantry  under 
General  Scott.  He  was  sent  to  Fort  Monroe 
then  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  did  active  cam- 
paigning against  the  Indians.  He  was  in  The 
Dalles,  at  Walla  Walla,  in  the  Yakima  country 
and  always  in  action  against  the  savages  until 
they  were  quelled.  Mr.  Hofstetter  well  re- 
members the  winter  of  1856-7  when  all  the 
stock  was  starved  or  frozen.  He  made  the  trip 
to  Walla  Walla  from  The  Dalles  on  horse- 
back in  the  dead  of  that  winter  and  arrived  in 
safety.  His  company  was  sent  to  Colville  to 
establish  a  depot  of  supplies  for  the  adjusters  of 
the  north  boundary  of  the  United  States  in 
1859.  In  i860,  he  took  his  discharge  and  then 
worked  at  teaming  for  the  government  for  a 
time,  after  which  he  started  a  brewery  in  this 
valley  and  took  a  homestead  where  Colville  now 
stands.  He  rented  the  brewery  but  it  was  burned 
in  1873  and  he  build  another  in  Colville.  He 
operated  that  together  with  his  farm  and  to 
these  interests  he  has  devoted  liimself  since, 
also  raising  stock.  Mr.  Hofstetter  now  owns 
the  finest  residence  in  Colville,  has  elegant 
grounds,  a  farm  of  two  hundred  acres,  a  band 
of  stock  and  much  other  property. 

In  1863  Mr.  Hofstetter  married  Jean  Fer- 
rel,  and  to  this  union  there  have  been  born  eight 
children.  John  U.,  now  in  Utah  and  a  veteran 
of  the  Philippine  war,  in  Company  G,  Twelfth 
Infantry;  \\'illie  P..  in  Republic,  Washington; 
George,  in  Colville;  Lillie.  wife  of  J.  F.  Rice, 
in  Colville;  Charles,  in  Lewiston;  Clara,  with 
her  parents;  Fanny,  wife  of  Henry  Silke,  and 
one  deceased.  Air.  Hofstetter  is  an  active 
Democrat.  In  1863  he  was  elected  county  com- 
missioner; in  1867  he  was  appointed  sheriff; 
in  1868  he  was  elected  sheriff,  continuing  for 
four  years;  then  again  in  1874,  continuing  for 
five  consecutive  years;  in  1882  he  was  elected 
county  commissioner  and  again  in  1889. 


WTLLIAM  H.  GRAHAM,  who  is  well 
and  favorable  known  throughout  Stevens  coun- 
ty, is  a  substantial  land  owner  and  is  at  present 
deputy  sheriff  of  the  county.  He  was  born  in 
Lee  county,  Virginia,  on  May  i,  1862.  the  son 
of  William  T.  and  Martha  E.  (Cecil)  Graham, 
natives  of  the  same  county.  The  father  died 
January  5,  1863.  The  mother  lived  a  widow 
for  seven  years  and  then  married  James  M. 
Olinger  and  they  are  now  prosperous  people 


in  the  home  county.  Our  subject's  grand- 
father Graham  came  from  Scotland  and  the 
family  is  a  hardy  and  long  lived  people.  Mr. 
Graham  has  one  full  brother  and  one  full  sister 
and  two  half  brothers  and  one  half  sister.  He 
received  a  common  schooling  in  his  native  place 
and  remained  with  his  step-father  until  fifteen 
and  then  resided  with  his  grandfather  Cecil 
until  nineteen  when  he  started  out  in  life  for 
himself.  He  farmed  there  for  three  years  and 
then  came  to  Lincoln  county,  Washmgtou, 
where  he  lived  four  years.  In  1891  he  came  to 
Stevens  county  and  homesteaded  a  part  of  his 
present  estate,  which  lies  four  miles  north  from 
Chewelah.  To  this  he  has  added  until  he  now 
owns  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  good 
land,  part  farmed  and  part  pasture  and  timber. 
He  has  good  improvements  and  a  fine  orchard 
of  all  varieties  of  fruit. 

On  July  24,  1 88 1.  Mr.  Graham  married 
Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  David  and  Louisa 
(Barker)  Cox,  natives  also  of  Lee  county,  Vir- 
ginia, where  they  resided  until  their  death,  be- 
ing prominent  and  respected  people.  The  fol- 
lowing named  children  have  been  the  fruit  of 
this  union ;  Mollie,  ]\Iattie  B.,  Emma  L., 
Louisa  M.,  deceased,  Grover  and  Bertha.  On 
August  21,  1896,  Mrs.  Graham  was  called 
away  by  death.  Her  remains  rest  in  the  Addy 
cemetery.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Graham 
is  a  strong  Democrat  and  active  for  the  welfare 
of  the  county  and  state.  He  was  before  the 
convention  for  sheriff'  in  1900  and  as  a  warm 
friend  was  also  in  the  race,  he  withdrew  in  his 
favor  and  has  since  been  appointed  deputy  sher- 
iff, which  position  he  has  filled  with  acceptance 
to  all.  Mr.  Graham  is  a  member  of  the  INIacca- 
bees  and  the  W.  W. 


HON.  CHARLES  A.  AIAXTZ  needs  no 
introduction  to  the  people  of  Stevens  county 
for  he  has  repeatedly  received  at  their  hands 
the  highest  gifts  that  they  can  bestow.  In  all 
his  long  and  varied  career  of  public  service  he 
has  always  displayed  that  fearless  spirit  against 
monopoly  and  wrong  that  has  brought  him  face 
to  face  with  strong  adversaries,  yet  he  has 
never  flinched  and  has  never  failed  on  all  occa- 
sions to  stand  for  the  people  and  their  rights. 

Charles  A.  IMantz  was  born  in  Medina 
county,  Ohio,  on  April  4,  1867,  the  son  of 
Franklin    R.   and   Phccbe    T-    (Edson)    Mantz. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


319 


The  father  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and 
his  father  of  IMaryland,  while  their  ancestors 
came  from  Switzerland.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Ohio,  and  her  ancestors  came  to  this  country 
the  ne.xt  year  after  the  Mayflower  landed.  Our 
siibject  received  a  public  schooling  and  when 
seventeeen  was  sent  to  Cornell  University, 
where  he  remained  to  complete  the  Junior  class. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1890. 
Two  years  were  spent  there  in  practice  and  then 
in  1892  he  came  to  Washington,  making  loca- 
tion in  Colville.  Since  that  time  ^Ir.  ]\Iantz 
has  allied  himself  with  its  interests  and  now 
enjoys  a  lucrative  practice.  In  1894  he  was 
nominated  by  the  People's  party  for  prosecut- 
ing attorney  against  L.  B.  Reader,  Republican, 
and  John  B.  Slater,  Democrat.  The  decision 
at  the  polls  showed  Mr.  Mantz  was  chosen  to 
the  office  by  three  hundred  and  fifty  plurality. 
He  refused  the  nomination  for  the  second  term 
and  in  1898  he  was  nominated  for  state  senator 
against  W.  G.  Gray,  Fusionist,  and  he  won  the 
day  by  ninety-seven  majority.  He  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  legislature  to  reduce  the  passen- 
ger and  freight  tariffs,  but  was  unable  to  do 
much  on  account  of  the  overwhelming  influence 
of  the  railroads.  He  succeeeded,  however,  in 
defeating  several  bills  of  taxation  and  banking 
measures.  For  four  years  Mr.  Mantz  served 
and  then  refused  a  renomination.  Since  that 
time  he  has  devoted  himself  steadily  to  his  prac- 
tice. 

On  June  4,  1890.  Mr.  Mantz  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Salmon  and  Elizabeth 
(Kreuder)  Stringham,  nati\-es  of  New  York 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  now  reside  in 
Ohio.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mantz,  namely,  Lee  A.,  Charles  C.  Hellen 
E.,  Mary  K.  and  Phoebe  R.  Mr.  Mantz  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  Mrs.  ]\Iantz  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  church. 


Prairie  du  Chien.  They  both  died  in  this  place, 
the  father  in  1836  and  the  mother  in  1858.  Our 
subject  received  a  common  schooling  in  his 
native  place  and  at  the  early  age  of  eleven 
started  out  in  life  for  himself,  and  at  once  his 
i  energy  and  self  reliance  set  him  to  traveling. 
He  early  Teamed  the  carpenter  trade  and  lie 
has  followed  that  all  over  the  United  States, 
and  was  always  sucessful  in  it.  In  1847  ^J^''- 
Peone  enlisted  in  the  ]\Iexican  war  to  guard  the 
frontier  and  served  for  one  year  at  ten  dollars 
per  month  and  then  enlisted  to  serve  through 
the  entire  war  and  was  under  Taylor.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  honorably  discharged 
and  received  the  sum  of  eight  dollars  per  month 
for  his  service.  After  the  war  he  traveled 
through  several  of  the  eastern  states  until  1852, 
when  he  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to 
The  Dalles.  Later  he  was  in  the  sound  country 
at  Whatcom,  and  in  1855  he  came,  during  the 
Pend  d'Oreille  excitement,  to  the  northern  part 
of  Washington  and  since  that  time  he  has  re- 
mained in  Stevens  county.  He,  in  company 
with  R.  H.  Dougalas  and  Richard  Fry,  of  Bon- 
ners  Ferry,  was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  in  this 
valley.  He  prospected  in  the  spring  of  1856, 
and  the  same  year  married  and  settled  down  to 
farming-  here,  and  here  he  has  continued  in  the 
good  work  of  developing  the  country  since. 
The  following  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
I  and  Mrs.  Peone:  Angeline,  wife  of  Dave 
I  Steward,  in  this  county ;  Adolph,  deceased ;  Ol- 
iver, in  Canyon  City.  Oregon;  James;  Dennis, 
in  British  Columbia:  Mary,  deceased;  Gilbert; 
George  and  IMattie.  Mr.  Peone  is  a  stanch 
Republican  and  is  always  active  in  this  realm. 


LOUIS  PEONE  is  certainly  one  of  the 
early  western  pioneers  and  he  is  to  be  classed 
also  with  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  Colville  val- 
ley where  he  has  resided  for  nearly  fifty  years. 
He  was  born  in  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wisconsin, 
on  March  25,  1823.  the  son  of  John  and  Louisa 
(Curtis)  Peone.  The  father  was  bom  in  Bor- 
deaux, France,  and  the  mother  is  a  native  of 


CHRISTOPHER    A.     LEDGER\\'OOD 

is  too  well  known  in  Stevens  county  to  need 

introduction,  but  an  epitome  of  his  interesting 

career  can  not  fail  to  be  interesting  to  all.     He 

was  born  in  Roseburg,  Oregon,  on  Deceml^er 

16.   i860,  the  son  of  Hon.  Thomas  and  Eliza 

J.    (Barlow)    Ledgerwood,  being  thus  a  true 

westerner  by  birth  as  he  has  been  in  progres- 

siveness,   sagacity  and   frankness  since.     The 

father    was   born    in    Missouri,    and    in    1852 

crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  making  settle- 

I  ment  in  Roseburg.  Oregon.     \Mien  the  Boise 

I  Basin  mines  were  discovered,  Mr.  Ledgerwood 

'  drove  cattle  there  and  in  that  business  he  did 


320 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


well,  gaining  a  comfortable  fortune.  His  last 
venture  netted  him  one  thousand  dollars  in 
thirty  days.  He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  the  Grande  Ronde  Valley,  in  Oregon,  the 
nearest  neighbors  being  thirty  miles  distant. 
In  1874  he  was  chosen  to  represent  his  district 
in  the  state  legislature  and  showed  himself  ca- 
pable in  the  halls  of  legislation  as  in  business 
lines.  In  1879  Mr.  Ledger  wood  came  to  Lin- 
coln county,  Washington,  and  there  gave  his 
attention  to  farming  and  stock  raising  until 
1898,  when  he  retired  from  business,  locating 
in  Kettle  Falls,  in  this  county,  where  he  still 
lives.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Indiana,  where  she  received  her  education  and 
married  the  eldest  son  of  Mr.  Joseph  Lane, 
who  later  became  governor  of  the  state  of  Ore- 
gon. Her  husband  died  and  she  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  her  father-in-law's  family  and  in 
Roseburg  met  Mr.  Ledgerwood,  whom  she 
later  married. 

Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Ore- 
gon and  in  the  Cheney  school  in  this  state. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  took  up  life's  duty 
for  himself  and  at  once  learned  the  butcher 
trade.  He  took  meat  contracts  from  the  gov- 
ernment and  in  1885  located  a  shop  in  Colville, 
it  being  the  first  one  there.  In  1889  he  opened 
a  shop  in  Kettle  Falls,  and  there  was  in  busi- 
ness until  the  town  began  to  go  down.  In  the 
meantime  he  had  taken  a  homestead  and  this 
was  improved  in  good  shape.  In  1894  Mr. 
Ledgerwood  assisted  to  organize  the  People's 
Party  in  Stevens  county  and  managed  the  same 
to  a  successful  issue,  every  candidate  being 
elected  with  the  exception  of  the  sheriff.  In 
1896  Mr,  Ledgerwood  conducted  another  suc- 
cessful campaign,  every  officer  being  elected 
with  the  exception  of  the  prosecuting  attorney. 
In  1898  he  was  manager  again,  but  the  Republi- 
cans, Silverites,  Democrats  and  others  com- 
bined to  defeat  the  People's  party,  and  so  hon- 
ors were  divided.  In  1900  ]\Ir.  Ledgerwood 
was  nominated  for  sheriff  against  Frank  Fur- 
guson.  Republican,  and  won  the  day  by  a  good 
majority.  In  1902  Mr.  Ledgerwood  again 
took  the  field  against  Mr.  Ferguson,  the  latter 
gaining  the  day.  After  his  term  of  office  was 
expired  Mr.  Ledgerwood  opened  a  gents'  fur- 
nishing establishment  in  Colville,  which  is  now 
doing  a  fine  businesss.  In  addition  to  this  Mr.. 
Ledgerwood  has  added  a  fine  boot  and  shoe  de- 
partment  and   is  meeting  with   good   success. 


His  uniform  geniality,  deferential  treatment  of 
all,  and  his  unquestioned  integrity  have  won 
him  hosts  of  friends  and  a  large  patronage. 

Mr.  Ledgerwood  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters :  William  E.,  Robert  S.,  Joseph, 
Lafayette  and  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Furguson. 

In  Lincoln  county,  on  Nevember  i,  1888, 
Mr.  Ledgerwood  married  Miss  Mary  A., 
daughter  of  Neil  and  Mary  (McLoud)  McGil- 
livrey,  natives  of  Canada.  The  father  is  living 
in  Lincoln  county,  but  the  mother  is  deceased. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ledgerwood  have  been  born 
two  sons,  Neal,  born  on  September  4,  1889; 
and  Creed,  born  June  10,  1890. 


WILLIAM  R.  BAKER,  the  present  pop- 
ular and  capable  postmaster  of  Colville,  is  also 
one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  North 
Washington,  being  engaged  in  merchandising 
in  Colville.  Mr.  Baker  has  one  of  the  finest 
stores  to  be  found  north  of  Spokane,  and  the 
large  patronage,  which  is  constantly  in  attend- 
ance on  his  place  of  business,  shrows  how  thor- 
oughly the  people  appreciate  his  efforts  to  pro- 
vide them  the  best,  the  largest  assortment  and 
the  latest  goods.  Mr.  Baker  has  gained  his 
present  enviable  position  by  reason  of  con- 
tinued industry  and  manifestation  of  executive 
ability  and  sagacity,  all  of  which  characterize 
his  career. 

William  R.  Baker  was  born  in  Hastings. 
Minnesota,  on  August  20,  1876,  being  the  son 
of  Charles  A.  and  Helen  S.  (Rogers)  Baker. 
The  father  was  born  in  Lockport,  New  York, 
and  in  that  state  and  Illinois,  whither  he  went 
with  his  parents  when  a  child,  he  received  his 
education.  When  of  proper  age  he  went  to 
work  for  the  Walter  A.  Wood  machinery  com- 
pany and  so  well  did  he  succeed  that  he  was 
later  promoted  as  general  manager  and  then 
installed  as  state  agent  with  headquarters  in 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota.  For  many  years  he  did 
business  in  that  capacity,  and  also  he  followed 
other  commercial  pursuits  until  his  death  on 
March  22,  1890.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Bangor,  Maine,  went  thence  to 
Rhode  Island,  where  she  was  educated.  In 
1857  she  came  to  Minnesota  and  in  that  state 
married.  She  is  now  residing  at  Los  Angeles, 
California.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  St. 
Paul,    and    while    studying  he  was  newsboy. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


making  as  high  as  forty  dollars  per  montli. 
After  completing  his  high  school  course,  he 
learned  stenography  and  accepted  a  position 
with  the  Twin  City  Iron  Works,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  Then  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, searching  for  health.  Three  years  were 
spent  on  a  fruit  farm  in  San  Jose,  whence  he 
came  direct  to  Colville  and  with  M.  S.  Gardnej' 
started  a  small  mercantile  establishment  in  Col- 
ville. They  started  with  a  small  stock  but  soon 
it  was  evident  that  the  business  was  to  be  one  of 
the  large  ones  of  the  county  and  owing  to  the 
push  and  sagacity  of  Mr.  Baker  it  has  come  to 
be  second  to  none  in  this  section.  On  Septem- 
ber I.  1899,  Mr.  Baker  purchased  the  interest 
of  his  partner  and  since  then  has  been  in  full 
charge  of  the  establishment.  He  has  a  large 
and  well  assorted  stock  of  general  merchandise, 
owns  his  own  building  and  warehouses,  beside.^ 
other  property. 

Politically  Mr.  Baker  is  an  active  Republi- 
can, carries  a  strong  influence,  and  has  been 
chairman  of  the  central  committee  of  the  coun- 
ty for  a  long  time.  In  1900  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  and  since  that  time  has  conducted 
the  affairs  of  that  important  office  in  addition 
to  overseeing  his  business. 

Mr.  Baker's  brothers  and  sisters  are  named 
as  follows,  Mrs.  Helen  Rogers,  Charles  K., 
Clement  L.  and  Mrs.  F'annie  M.  Bowen. 

At  Coupeville,  Washington,  on  September 
10,  1902,  Mr.  Baker  married  Misss  Seina  L., 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Coupe)  Cran- 
ney.  Mr.  Cranney  is  now  a  resident  of  Whid- 
by  Island,  where  he  went  in  the  early  fifties. 
He  is  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  sound  country, 
having  been  the  incumbent  of  many  important 
offices,  and  one  of  the  leading  lumber  manu- 
facturers of  that  locality.  Coupeville  was 
named  after  his  wife's  father.  Mrs.  Cranney 
died  on  May  12.  1896. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Baker  is  allied  with  the  A. 
F.  and  A.  :\I.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


HON.  MARTIN  J.  MALONEY,  who 
is  so  well  known  throughout  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington, is  now  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Colville, 
in  Colville,  Stevens  county.  He  is  decidedly  a 
self-made  man,  and  not  one  of  the  kind,  of 
whom  Alark  Twain  facetiously  remarks,  "He 
stopped  before  the  job  was  completed."  .\ny 
one  noticing  the  epitome  of  the  careeer  of  the 


gentleman  now  being  mentioned  will  be  struck 
with  the  energy,  keen  foresight,  flawless  judg- 
ment and  executive  ability  displayed  by  Mr. 
Maloney. 

Martin  J.  Maloney  was  born  in  Lafayette 
county,  Missouri,  on  January  i,  1859,  the  son 
of  James  and  Bridget  (Gallagher)  Maloney. 
The  father  was  born  in  South  Carolina,  and  ni 
1849,  sought  the  golden  sands  of  the  Pacific 
slope,  returning  to  Missouri  with  a  comfort- 
able fortune.  He  purchased  a  plantation  and 
was  one  of  the  influential  and  prominent  citi- 
zens of  his  district,  but  in  the  time  of  the  war 
lost  everything  and  died  in  1865,  a  broken  man. 
The  widow  soon  followed  the  husband  to  the 
grave  and  then  our  subject  and  his  brothers  and 
sisters  were  taken  in  charge  by  Father  Hamn, 
a  Catholic  priest,  who  bound  them  out  to  dif- 
ferent families.  Our  subject  was  not  pleased 
with  his  surroundings  and  when  eight  years  of 
age  started  forth  in  the  world  for  himself.  .\t 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  went  to  California  and  in 
1879  came  overland  with  his  brother  to  Walla 
Walla,  making  the  journey  on  horseback. 
After  being  employed  a  time  at  various  work 
he  and  his  brother,  for  F.  M.  Louden,  estab- 
lished a  dairy,  which  was  the  first  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Washington.  In  1881  took  the  position 
of  foreman  on  the  painter  gang  on  the  Nortli- 
j  ern  Pacific.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  the  first 
marshal  of  Sprague,  it  being  then  the  large'^t 
town  in  eastern  Washington.  Following 
three  sucessful  terms  in  this  office,  he  was  dep- 
uty sheriff  of  Spokane  county,  then  of  Lincoln 
county,  and  in  1887  located  in  Ellensburg,  tak- 
ing charge  of  the  Johnson  House.  Mr.  Malo- 
ney was  a  prominent  member  of  the  board  of 
trade  and  was  among  the  first  to  agitate  the 
removal  of  the  state  capital  to  Ellensburg. 
The  population  on  the  sound  was  too  strong 
and  the  project  was  undone.  Mr.  Maloney  was 
interested  in  steamboating  on  the  Columbia  and 
was  one  of  the  builders  and  owners  of  the  City 
of  Ellensburg.  a  steamer  plying  on  the  upper 
I  river.  In  1890  ]\Ir.  Alaloney  went  to  Belling- 
[  ham  Bay  and  there  resided  five  years.  He  was  a 
I  delegate  to  the  national  convention  at  Chicago, 
I  which  nominated  Grover  Cleveland,  it  being  his 
third  nomination.  Mr.  Maloney  was  an  ardent 
admirer  of  Cle\'eland  and  by  almost  superhuman 
influence  was  largely  instrumental  in  persuading 
,  the  eight  Washington  delegates  to  stand  for 
I  Cleveland  solid.     On  the  ballot  that  nominated 


322 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


him  he  won  by  six  and  one  half  votes,  so  it  is 
evident  that  Mr.  Maloney  was  instrumental  in 
placing  Grover  Cleveland  in  the  chair  the  last 
time.  Mr.  Maloney  took  an  active  part  in  the 
campaign  when  the  first  governor  of  the  state 
■was  elected,  which  was  the  most  hotly  con- 
tested election  ever  held  in  this  state.  During 
the  financial  depression  of  1892,  he  lost  his 
fortune  and  was  forced,  by  Cleveland's  refusal 
to  appoint  him  United  States  marshal,  to  accept 
the  bread  and  butter  position,  as  Mr.  ]\Ialoney 
laconically  calls  it.  of  deputy  collector  of  cus- 
toms at  New  Whatcom.  He  made  an  excellent 
officer  and  when  the  rush  came  to  Rossland  on 
acccount  of  the  discovery  of  the  mineral  wealth 
there,  he  was  transferred  to  eastern  Washing- 
ton, and  inaugurated  a  system  of  handling  the 
immense  business  that  sprang  up  there,  which 
is  still  used  by  the  officers  of  custom.  Mr.  I\la- 
loney  also  took  great  interest  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  country 
and  was  personally  instrumental  in  the  invest- 
ment of  many  thousands  of  wealth  here.  He 
was  instrumental  in  the  draft  of  the  bill  that 
led  to  the  opening  of  the  north  half  of  the  Col- 
ville  reservation.  Upon  the  change  of  admin- 
istration, Mr.  Maloney  was  appointed  a  life  offi- 
cer in  the  customs,  but  resigned  in  1899.  After 
this  he  was  active  in  political  matters  in  Spo- 
kane and  with  the  assistance  of  Henry  Drum- 
lieller  so  managed  the  state  campaign  of  1900 
that  Rogers  was  elected  governor  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  by  a  majority  of  two  thousand  five 
liundred,  when  President  McKinley  carried  the 
estate  Republican  by  thirteen  thousand  major- 
ity. After  this  Mr.  [Maloney  went  to  Marcus 
and  operated  a  hotel  and  later  came  to  his  pres- 
ent position  in  Colville.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  in  1902,  and  made  a  record  of 
■which  he  may  well  be  proud.  Mr.  Maloney  is 
a  staunch  Democrat  and  a  friend  of  Senator 
George  Turner. 

At  Sprague  on  June  7.  1883,  ]Mr.  [Maloney 
married  Miss  Olive  E..  daughter  of  Ben  and 
Mary  J.  (Howard)  Davis,  early  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  and  prominent  people  there.  To  this 
union  there  has  one  son  been  born,  James  H., 
who  first  saw  the  light  on  October  25,  1887.  Mr. 
Maloney  has  the  following  named  Ijrothers  and 
sisters.  Mrs  Mary  Gibney,  John,  Mrs.  Ellen 
Muelhman  and  James  J.  [Mrs.  Maloney  has 
two  brothers,  Walter,  Benjamin,  and  two  half 
brothers,  Flovd  Davis  and  John  O.  Jackson. 


WILLIAM  P.  TOWNSEND  is  one  of 
the  well  known  young  businesss  men  of  Col- 
ville and  has  hosts  of  friends  from  every  walk 
of  life  in  Stevens  county.  He  v>-as  born  in 
Meeker  county.  Minnesota,  on  January  18, 
1876,  the  son  of  Riverius  J.  and  Jane  (Waller) 
Townsend.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio  and 
when  grown  to  manhood  did  lumbering  and 
railroad  contracting  there  until  he  removed  to 
IMinnesota  to  follow  the  same  business.  Later 
he  came  on  to  Stevens  county  and  here  opened 
a  livery,  feed  and  sale  stable  which  was  a  suc- 
cessful business  until  he  retired  from  active 
businesss  operations.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Kentucky,  being  the  daughter 
of  George  and  Elizabeth  Waller.  She  came 
with  her  parents  to  Minnesota  when  quite 
young  and  there  was  married.  She  is  still  liv- 
ing in  this  county.  William  P.  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  seventeeen.  when  he  went  to  do 
for  himself.  For  three  years  he  was  engaged 
on  a  farm  with  one  man  and  then  two  years 
were  spent  in  prospecting.  After  that  venture 
he  entered  partnership  with  his  father  and  to- 
gether they  operated  the  livery  business  men- 
tioned above.  Some  time  since  he  disposed  of 
that  business  and  purchased  a  half  interest  in 
the  Hotel  Lee  bar,  his  partner  being  A.  J. 
Lee.  the  proprietor  of  the  hotel.  Mr.  Town- 
send  is  manager  of  the  bar  which  is  the  neatest 
and  quietest  resort  in  the  county. 

Mr.  Townsend  has  three  brothers.  Francis 
L.,  George  E.  and  Earl  B. 

On  March  15,  190 1.  at  Colville,  Mr.  Town- 
send  married  [Miss  Grace,  daughter  of  S.  S.  and 
Mary  Beggs,  residents  of  this  county.  Mr. 
Beggs  was  formerly  county  treasurer  here. 
[Mrs.  Townsend  has  three  brothers.  Carl,  Stew- 
art and  Leo. 

In  political  matters  our  subject  is  a  staunch 
Democrat,  but  in  county  matters  he  is  invaria- 
bly fcr  the  man  of  the  best  qualities. 


LEE  B.  HARVEY.  M.  D.,  is  too  well 
known  in  Colville  and  North  Washington  to 
need  any  introduction  in  a  work  of  this  char- 
acter. Bv  his  uprightness,  his  ability,  and  his 
high  sense  of  honor.  Dr.  Harvey  has  won  for 
himself  the  unstinted  admiration  and  confi- 
dence of  the  people.    True  it  is,  that  no  profes- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


323 


sion  has  to  deal  so  vitally  with  the  issues  of 
life  and  death  as  does  the  medical,  hence  the 
popular  demand  of  the  public  for  exceptionally 
upright  and  talented  men.  There  has  been  no 
mistake  in  the  calling  of  Dr.  Harvey,  and  no 
one  knows  that  better  than  do  the  scores  who 
have  received  healing  and  amelioration  of 
disease's  ravages  at  the  hands  of  this  physician 
of  note.  Dr.  Harvey  has  a  library  among  the 
best  in  the  northwest  and  he  is  an  ardent  stu- 
dent of  his  profession  in  all  the  intricate  depart- 
ments, having  by  his  patient  research  kept  him- 
self abreast  of  the  times  and  stored  his  mind 
with  a  fund  of  erudition  most  helpful  in  a  large 
practice,  which  he  enjoys.  In  addition  to  his 
library,  the  doctor  has  one  of  the  finest  offices 
in  this  part  of  the  country.  He  has  commo- 
dious waiting  and  pri\'ate  offices,  operating 
rooms,  and  other  conveniences  necessary  in 
modern  surgery.  The  instruments,  appliances, 
including  the  famous  X-ray  machines,  and 
other  things  necessary  in  the  art  of  surgery 
are  at  hand  and  of  the  best.  Thus  equipped,  the 
doctor  is  in  shape  to  execute  in  a  most  success- 
ful manner  the  large  and  intricate  practice 
which  is  drawn  to  his  offices.  Dr.  Harvey  has  a 
fine  residence  in  Colville,  of  modern  architec- 
tural design,  which  is  made  the  center  of  re- 
fined hospitality  under  the  dispensation  of  his 
charming  wife.  Their  happy  marriage  was 
consummated  in  Springfield,  Missouri,  on  Oc- 
tober 3,  1888,  Miss  Cora  Gookey  then  becom- 
ing Mrs.  Dr.  Harvey.  The  parents  of  Mrs. 
Harvey  are  Joseph  and  Mary  E.  Gookey,  resi- 
dents of  Stevens  county.  Mrs.  Harvey  has 
one  sister,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Lee,  residing  in  Col- 
ville; and  one  brother,  Robert.  Dr.  Harvey 
has  three  brothers,  John,  Richard.  Joseph,  and 
one  sister.  Angle. 

Lee  B.  Har\'ey  was  born  in  Montgomer)-, 
Alabama,  on  October  12,  1867,  being  the  son 
of  Zoe  and  Jane  E.  (Epperson)  Harvey.  The 
father  was  born  and  raised  on  a  plantation  in 
Alabama  and  his  death  occurred  there  on  March 
3,  1892.  Jane  E.  Epperson  was  the  daughter 
of  an  East  Tennessee  merchant,  which  place 
was  her  native  heath.  She  died  in  October, 
1893.  Lee  B.  was  reared  and  educated  during 
his  early  life  in  the  Alabama  home.  When  six- 
teen, having  completed  the  high  school,  he  en- 
tered the  university  of  Ala!:)ama  and  studied 
there  three  years.  His  father  desiring  him  to 
enter  the  ministry,  he  was  then  sent  to  Drury 


College,  where  he  studied  for  two  years.  After 
that,  he  entered  the  counting  rooms  of  the  Saa 
Francisco  and  St.  Louis  Railway  and  there  re- 
mained until  1888.  when,  on  account  of  failing 
health,  he  resigned.  For  two  years  he  was 
hearching  the  boon  of  health  in  traveling  to 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  Finally,  in 
1890,  he  came  to  Stevens  county  and  com- 
menced teaching.  He  continued  as  one  of  the 
successful  educators  of  this  county  until  1895, 
when  his  desire  to  search  the  depths  of  medi- 
cine led  him  to  matriculate  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  L'niversity  of  Oregon,  where 
three  years  were  spent  in  hard  study.  Then  he 
joined  the  senior  class  of  the  JMarion  Simms 
Medical  College  in  St.  Louis,  and  in  due  time 
graduated  therefrom  with  honors.  Immedi- 
ately upon  receipt  of  his  well-earned  diploma, 
Dr.  Harvey  opened  an  office  in  Colville  and 
from  the  first  he  began  with  a  good  practice, 
which  has  grown  so  in  proportions  that  he  is 
busy  all  the  time.  In  political  matters,  the 
doctor  is,  as  would  be  supposed,  a  true  blue 
Democrat  of  the  old  Jefi'ersonian  type  and  he 
always  manifests  a  keen  relish  and  interest  in 
political  matters.  In  1902,  Dr.  Harvey  was 
chosen  mayor  of  Colville,  and  to  the  entire  sat- 
isfaction of  the  people,  he  discharged  the  re- 
sponsibilities devolving  on  the  chief  executive 
of  the  city.  In  his  whole  career.  Dr.  Harvey 
has  manifested  a  progressi\'e  spirit  which  leads 
him  in  the  van  guard  for  ad\'ancement  and  up- 
building:. 


FRANK  B.  DAVIS,  who  resides  about 
four  miles  northeast  from  Fruitland,  although 
not  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  of  Stevens  county, 
is,  nevertheless,  one  of  its  most  flourishing  and 
successful  agriculturists,  as  well  as  one  of  the 
most  substantial  of  her  citizens.  He  owns  an 
estate  of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  all 
well  improved  and  supplied  with  plenty  of 
water.  Among  the  improvements,  we  may 
mention  a  comfortable  dwelling,  good  barn, 
outbuildings,  fences,  fine  young  orchard,  and 
other  evidences  of  the  skill  and  industry  of  the 
owner.  Mr.  Davis  came  to  this  country  about 
five  years  since  and  after  taking  a  thorough 
inventory  he  found  himself  possessed  of  twenty- 
seven  dollars  in  cash  and  a  few  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life.  A  more  thorough  search  to  an 
outsider,   however,   would  not   ha\e   failed  to 


324 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


show  a  much  larger  capital  than  that,  the  same 
not  being  in  dollars  and  cents,  but  in  the 
courage,  tenacity,  perseverance,  and  genuine, 
practical  judgment  of  our  subject.  Give  a  man 
a  good  physical  frame,  then  supply  him  with 
the  requisites  we  have  ennumerated,  which  are 
so  happily  blended  in  Mr.  Davis,  and  we  will 
make  a  success,  in  spite  of  any  other  lack. 
Such  has  been  the  lot  of  Mr.  Davis,  and  it  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  grant  space  for  a  re- 
view of  the  salient  points  in  his  career. 

Frank  B.  Davis  was  born  in  Clayton  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  on  July  28,  1858,  the  son  of  Harri- 
son and  ]\Iartha  (Stiner)  Davis,  born  in  New 
York,  in  1822,  and  in  LaGrange  county,  Indi- 
ana, in  1828,  respectively.  The  father  grew 
to  manhood  in  New  York,  also  spending  some 
time  at  sea.  Then  he  settled  to  farming,  later 
went  to  LaGrange  county,  Indiana,  then  to 
northeastern  Iowa,  came  back  to  Indiana,  went 
again  to  Iowa,  and  later  settled  in  Genesee 
county,  Kansas,  being  a  pioneer  there.  The 
mother  shared  the  fortunes  of  her  husband 
and  they  are  both  still  living. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  natixe 
place  and  after  school  days  learned  the  stone 
mason  trade.  He  worked  at  that  continuously 
until  1898,  the  year  in  which  he  came  to  Fruit- 
land  and  soon  thereafter  located  his  present 
place,  securing  title  by  purchase.  Mr.  Davis 
has  the  following  namecl  brothers  and  sisters, 
George  R.,  Mrs.  Orrel  A.  Bullock,  Mrs.  Eva- 
line  McCord,  Mrs.  Adaline  Carter,  deceased, 
Jennie  M.,  deceased,  Lillian  M.,  Sylvester  F., 
and    Fiery. 

On  January  i,  1901,  at  Davenport,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Davis  married  ]\Iiss  Minnie  Dur- 
ham, whose  parents  are  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  work.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  marriage,  Nida  Clementine  and  Nita  Ger- 
aldine,  twins,  on  October  i,  1901.  Mr.  Davis 
is  road  supervisor  of  his  district  and  is  one  of 
the  leading  men  of  this  section. 


JOSFPH  H.  PELKEY,  who  resides  about 
one  mile  north  from  Orient,  is  one  of  the  well 
known  mining  men  of  this  section.  He  came 
here  first  with  the  intention  of  handling  the 
trade  on  the  stage  road,  having  a  stopping 
place.  His  station  was  called  the  Halfwav 
House,  and  he  did  a  good  business  until  the 


railroad  came  in.  Since  then  he  has  nnt  enter- 
tained so  much  travel,  but  it  is  well  as  his  min- 
ing interests  have  developed  so  that  he  is  oc- 
cupied with  that  important  industry  now  al- 
most altogether.  Mr.  Pelkey  has  various 
claims,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Mc- 
Kinley,  the  Dewey,  Idaho  Number  One,  and 
Idaho  Number  Two,  all  in  the  Rock  Cut  dis- 
trict, in  Stevens  county.  Mrs.  Pelkey  also  has 
a  very  promising  prospect,  known  as  the  Minne- 
haha. Mr.  Pelkey  has  devoted  himself  to  min- 
ing with  a  keen  sense  of  the  importance  of  the 
industry  and  has  brought  a  wealth  of  excellent 
wisdom  and  judgment  to  bear  in  his  labors 
and  he  has  some  excellent  properties. 

Joseph  H.  Pelkey  was  born  in  Sheboygan, 
Wisconsin,  on  November  16,  1847,  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Catherine  (Shenbum)  Pelkey,  na- 
tives of  France  and  Germany,  respectively. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  when  young 
and  married  in  Sheboygan,  in  1845.  The 
father  went  to  California  and  died  en  route. 
The  mother  then  moved  to  Racine  and  for . 
eight  years  operated  a  boarding  house.  She 
married  a  second  time,  Oliver  Reno  becoming 
her  husband.  They  removed  to  Minnesota, 
where  Mr.  Reno  died.  His  widow  is  now  dwell- 
ing on  a  farm  in  Ottertail  county.  jMinnesota. 
By  the  first  marriage  two  children  were  born, 
Joseph  and  Mrs.  Nellie  Williams.  Two  chil- 
dren also  were  born  to  the  second  marriage. 
Our  subject  went  to  school  in  Racine  until  he 
was  twelve,  then  engaged  in  saw  mill  work 
until  1863,  December  of  that  year  marking  the 
time  of  his  enlistment  in  Company  G,  Twelfth 
Wisconsin,  under  Captain  Bodkin.  He  was  in 
severe  service  from  enlistment  to  his  honorable 
discharge  at  Louisville.  Kentucky,  on  July  16, 
1865.  He  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  At- 
lanta and  was  captured  once,  but  escaped  after 
two  hours.  Following  the  war,  Mr.  Pelkey 
returned  to  Wisconsin,  then  came  on  to  ^linne- 
sota.  He  did  stage  work,  also  following  saw 
milling,  then  farmed,  then  operated  a  hotel  in 
Wandena  for  three  years.  Next.  Mr.  Pelkey 
came  to  Dakota  and  took  land,  which  he  sold 
and  in  1888  came  overland  to  Spokane.  He 
followed  shingle  making  there  a  spell  then  con- 
tracted to  furnish  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
railroad  wood.  While  in  this  he  settled  near 
Marcus,  and  from  there  in  1890.  he  entered  the 
train  service  on  that  road.  For  over  six  years 
he  was  in  this  capacity  and  in  1897.  he  settled 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


325 


where  lie  now  dwells  and  since  then  has  con- 
tinued actively  engaged  as  mentioned  above. 
October  i,  1870,  Mr.  Pelke}-  married 
Miss  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Nicholas  and  Maria 
(Schry\-er)  Farrington,  nati\-es  of  New  York. 
One  cliilfl  has  been  born  t(_)  this  union,  Katie, 
deceased.  ;\Ir.  Pelkey  is  a  strong  Republican 
and  always  manifests  a  becoming  interest  in 
political  matters.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  stands  well  in  the  communitv. 


FRANK  W.  A.  UTERHARDT  resides 
about  five  miles  east  from  Orient  and  is  known 
as  one  of  the  thrifty  farmers  and  miners  of  that 
section.  He  was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  on 
April  8.  1858,  the  son  of  Johan  and  W^ilhelmina 
(Laehn)  Uterliardt,  also  natives  of  Germany, 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  The 
father  was  a  musician  and  died  in  1871.  The 
mother  died  five  years  previously,  from  the 
effects  of  cholera.  They  were  the  parents  of 
seven  chiklren,  three  of  whom  are  living,  Ida, 
^^^illlelnlina.  anrl  Frank. 

Our  subject  receix-ed  his  early  schooling  in 
his  native  place,  remaining  with  his  books  until 
fourteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  an  ap- 
prenticeship of  the  machinist's  trade.  He  de- 
\'oted  his  time  to  that  until  1881,  in  which  year 
he  came  to  America,  locating  in  Dundee,  Illi- 
nois. That  was  his  home  until  1887,  when  he 
came  to  Port  Angeles.  Washington  and  joined 
the  Puget  Sound  co-operativ^  colony.  After 
ascertaining  the  methods  of  the  colony's  works 
and  so  forth,  he  decided  to  leave  and  did  so  on 
Maixh,  1888,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Seattle  and  Lake  Shore  railroad.  Soon  after 
he  took  a  home  in  Kitsap  county,  remaining 
there  until  1893.  At  that  time  he  made  a  trij) 
back  east  and  the  following  year  came  west 
again,  entering  the  employ  of  the  Great  North- 
ern railroad,  as  a  machinist.  For  three  and  one- 
half  years  he  wrought  in  that  capacity,  then 
came  to  Ste\-ens  county,  arriving  here  in  1897. 
He  had  charge  of  the  Deep  Creek  gold  and 
copper  mines  from  that  time  until  1901  in  which 
year  he  took  a  place  where  he  now  lives,  as  a 
homestead.  He  has  a  good  place,  partially  under 
cultivation  and  comfortably  improved.  Mr. 
Uterliardt  owns  one  half  interest  in  the  Com- 
monwealth mines  and  also  owns  the  Dauntless 
mining   property.      In   the   former   they   have 


about  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  of  tunneling. 
They  are  both  located  in  the  Pierre  Lake  dis- 
trict. On  July  4,  1895,  Mr.  Uterliardt,  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Hester  Dinsmore,  a  native  of  Con- 
naught,  Pennsylvania.  Her  parents,  James 
and  Levania  (Brown)  Nelson,  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  respecti\ely.  They 
had  two  children,  John  and  Hester.  }ilrs. 
Uterhardt  married  Arthur  Dinsmore  in  1871 
and  three  years  later  he  died,  leaving  one  child, 
Alice.  Mr.  Uterhardt  is  a  Socialist  in  political 
alliances,  and  has  been  road  supervisor  in  his 
district  for  several  years. 


PETER  ARCASA.  well  known  as  Peter 
Pierre,  and  from  whom  Pierre  lake  received 
its  name,  is  one  of  the  wealthy  stockmen  of 
Stevens  county  and  has  passed  a  life  of  re- 
markable incident  and  activity  in  various  por- 
tions of  the  United  States.  He  was  born  in 
Colville,  on  March  18.  1851.  the  son  of  Peter 
and  Angeline  Arcasa.  natives  of  Canada  and 
\'ancouver,  Washington,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  ^^'ashington  in  the  employ  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  1848  and  for  twen- 
ty-one years  was  in  the  ser\-ice  of  that  com- 
pany as  an  express  man.  In  1851,  he  took  a 
claim  near  the  Mission  in  the  Colville  valley 
and  there  reared  his  family  of  eleven  children. 
Later  he  did  mining  and  then  sold  and  set- 
tled near  Colville  where  he  died  in  1886.  His 
wife  had  died  in  1881.  near  Fort  Spokane. 
Our.  subject  was  not  favored  with  much  edu- 
cation, the  schools  being  primitive  in  his  vouth- 
ful  days,  and  when  sixteen  he  started  fr)r  him- 
self by  ])ilnting  a  couple  of  English  lords  from 
Colville  to  \\'allula.  Next  we  see  him  in  Walla 
Walla,  then  in  Umatilla,  whence  he  went  as 
cook  with  a  pack  outfit.  After  this  he  worked 
for  Jack  Bomgardner  as  dri\-er  of  stock  to 
Colorado.  Three  years  were  spent  in  that 
state  and  finally  he  was  driving  logs  on  the 
Platte.  The  dri\-e  was  hung  up  anrl  the  men 
got  no  wages.  They  all  went  to  Denver  and 
thence  to  the  Black  Hills,  Dakota,  walking  all 
the  way  and  suffering  great  hardships  as  none 
of  them  liad  money.  This  was  in  1874  and 
later  we  find  Mr.  Arcasa  in  Wyoming,  wlience 
he  went  to  Ogden.  being  in  company  with 
Frank  Garason.  making  the  trip  on  the  brake 
beams.     He  mined  in  X^evada.  cooked  in  the 


326 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


camps  and  came  witli  an  ox  train  to  Boise, 
Idaho.  Thence  he  traveled  by  stage  to  Baker 
City,  remaining  tliere  until  1S77,  contracting 
wood.  Mr.  Arcasa  then  wrought  at  various 
places,  Walla  Walla,  Union,  Baker  City,  and 
Spokane,  being  in  the  employ  of  James  Glover 
and  F.  Post  in  this  last  place.  He  assisted  to 
put  in  the  first  bridge  at  Cowley  Bridge, 
wrought  with  Guy  Haines  at  Colville  and  in  the 
spring  of  1880  decided  to  settle  down  and  so 
got  married.  Then  he  was  with  his  father  and 
James  Monnaghan  in  transporting  supplies  to 
Fort  Shepherd  for  the  government.  He  next 
^^•as  interpreter  for  the  government  at  sixty- 
three  dollars  per  month  and  in  1881  went  to 
lake  Chelan.  All  this  time  he  was  working  for 
the  government  and  was  at  this  last  point  put 
in  command  of  a  small  steamer  to  bring  it  to 
fort  Spokane.  It  was  impossible  to  do  this 
and  so  he  came  on  to  the  fort  and  the  next  year 
went  to  doing  building  for  Mr.  Roberts.  After 
this,  Mr.  Arcasa  went  to  trapping  and  hunting 
in  Montana  with  his  father  and  while  there 
found  a  good  copper  prospect.  He  left  the 
horns  of  an  elk  to  mark  the  place  and  before 
he  got  it  located  others  found  it  and  named  it 
the  Elkhorn.  He  prospected  further  and  soon 
had  a  claim  which  brought  him  fifteen  hundred 
dollars.  Following  this,  settlement  was  made 
on  Peone  prairie,  in  Spokane  county,  whence 
he  moved  to  a  place  south  of  Bossburg  in  1886. 
Six  years  later,  ]\Ir.  Arcasa  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place,  about  two  miles  east  from  Orient, 
where  he  owns  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
of  land,  some  of  it  being  very  valuable  hay  land. 
He  kept  a  station  on  the  Grand  Forks  stage 
line  and  has  raised  much  stock.  In  his  labors 
of  late  years,  Mr.  Arcasa  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful and  has  become  one  of  the  wealthy  men 
of  the  section,  thus  demonstrating  his  ability  to 
handle  finances.  He  has  also  some  good  min- 
ing property  in  addition  to  his  land  and  stock. 
In  1880  ]\Ir.  Arcasa  married  Miss  ^largaret 
Hubbard,  daughter  of  Lieutenant  Hubbard. 
To  this  marriage  the  following  children  have 
Ijeen  born :  Adaline,  wife  of  William  IVIiller,  at 
Marcus;  Marcell,  in  ^lontana;  Olive,  wife  of 
Alexander  Herron,  in  Stevens  county:  .\melia, 
wife  of  Louis  Covell,  in  ^lontana;  Annie; 
Jo.seph;  and  Alexander.  Mr.  Arcasa  is  a 
strong  and  intelligent  Republican  and  always 
takes  an  active  part  in  political  matters,  having 
frequently   been    delegate   to   the   ci)n\-entions. 


He  also  was  government  police  for  three  years, 
interpreter  iov  two  years,  and  served  in  other 
important  capacities.  Mr.  Arcasa  and  his  fam- 
ily are  identified  with  the  Catholic  church  and 
stand  well  in  the  communitv. 


FRANK  FERGUSON.  This  genial  and 
affable  gentleman  is  well  known  in  Stevens 
county  as  one  of  the  leading  men  in  industrial 
enterprises  as  he  is  also  in  political  matters. 
He  has  shown  forth  those  excellent  qualities 
of  stability  and  sound  principles  in  the  years  of 
his  residence  here,  and  his  labors  have  re- 
dounded to  the  general  welfare  as  well  as  to 
enhancing  his  own  property  holdings. 

Frank  Ferguson  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county.  New  York,  on  August  i,  1862,  the  son 
of  Ezra  and  Diana  P.  (House)  Ferguson,  na- 
tives of  New  Yiirk.  They  were  parents  of 
nine  children,  fi\e  of  whom  are  still  living. 
They  removed  to  Dakota  where  the  mother 
died.  But  the  father  is  now  living  in  Laduc, 
Canada.  Frank  began  his  educational  training 
in  Prescott,  Wisconsin ;  when  nine  he  went  with 
the  family  to  AX'aseca,  Minnesota.  There  he 
continued  in  the  schools  until  sixteen  when  they 
removed  to  South  Dakota,  where  he  finished 
his  studies.  At  the  happy  age  of  twenty,  he 
started  out  to  do  for  himself  and  at  once  took 
a  homestead  near  Brooking,  remaining  there 
until  1887,  when  he  sold  and  came  to  Spokane. 
The  next  year  he  came  on  to  Stevens  county 
and  located  a  farm,  which  he  still  owns,  it  being 
a  valuable  estate  and  is  devoted  to  general 
crops  and  stock  raising.  In  1894  ]\Ir.  Ferguson 
launched  out  into  the  saw  milling  industry  and 
located  a  plant  at  Hunter  creek,  in  western 
Stevens  county.  Later  he  built  another  mill  at 
Daisy,  which  he  is  still  conducting. 

In  1882  Mr.  Ferguson  married  ^liss  Emma 
Miller,  a  native  of  Germany.  She  came  to 
America  with  her  mother  when  she  was  nine 
years  of  age,  location  being  made  in  Waseca, 
Minnesota. 

Politically,  Mr.  Ferguson  is  allied  with  the 
Republicans  and  is  a  stanch  supporter  of  their 
principles.  In  1892,  he  was  nominated  by  his 
party  for  county  commissioner,  but  was  de- 
feated by  thirty-two  votes,  although  he  ran  far 
ahead  of  his  ticket.  In  1894,  he  was  nominated 
by  his  party  for  county  assess(ir.  but  though  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


327 


was  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  again  suffered  de- 
feat, the  Democrats  and  PopuHsts  being  united. 
In  1900  Air.  Ferguson  was  put  forward  by  his 
party  for  sheriff  against  C.  A.  Legerwood, 
Democrat  and  Popuhst,  and  so  strong  was  the 
fight  that  again  he  was  far  ahead  of  his  ticket, 
but  defeat  perched  on  his  banner  this  time, 
also.  Not  to  be  daunted,  and  this  shows  the 
man,  in  1902,  Mr.  Ferguson  trimmed  himself 
for  the  race  again  and  again  his  party  pitted 
him  against  C.  A.  Legerwood,  Democrat  and 
Populist,  for  sheriff.  This  time  real  merit  was 
rewarded,  for  Mr.  Ferguson  was  elected  by  a 
handsome  majority,  considering  that  he  had  to 
lead  his  ticket  a  long  way  to  even  equal  the 
opposing  vote.  This  was  a  signal  victory  for 
the  man,  even  more  so  than  for  the  party. 
When  it  is  understood  that  the  party  lines  are 
stiffly  drawn,  we  can  understand  how  it  was 
the  real  merit  and  integrity  of  the  man  which 
made  a  popularity  that  swept  all  before  it.  re- 
gardless of  party  affiliations.  At  the  present 
time,  ]\Ir.  Ferguson  is  an  efficient  and  well 
like  officer,  serving  in  the  capacity  of  sheriff. 
He  is  a  memter  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  stands 
exceptionally  well  in  the  county. 


J.  H.  YOUNG  is  too  well  known  in 
Stevens  county  to  need  any  introduction  to 
the  people.  He  is  a  man  of  ability  and  excellent 
standing  and  has  always  shown  sagacity  and 
enterprise,  both  in  the  labors  of  an  individual 
nature  as  well  as  in  all  movements  for  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of  the  county.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  conducting  a  real  estate  and  mining  office 
in  Colville,  where  he  does  a  good  business,  be- 
ing known  as  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
county. 

J.  H.  Young  was  born  in  Lyons,  Wayne 
county.  New  York,  on  February  25,  1854.  the 
son  of  John  and  Catherine  (Rodenbach) 
Young,  natives  of  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, respectively.  They  settled  in  Lyons  in 
an  early  day  and  remained  there  until  1872  in 
which  year  they  removed  to  Michigan,  where 
the  father  died  and  the  mother  is  still  living. 
They  were  the  parents  of  four  children.  The 
father  was  a  lumber  merchant  and  a  prosperous 
man. 

Our  subject  was  educated  liberally  in  the 
public  schools,  completing  a  high  school  course. 


At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  came  to  Califor- 
nia and  there  followed  mining  for  four  years. 
In  the  spring  of  1880  he  came  on  north  to 
Spokane  and  soon  thereafter  went  to  the  Big 
Bend  country.  He  took  a  homestead  where 
Reardon  now  stands,  and  in  1883  was  operat- 
ing a  stage  from  Spokane  to  Fort  Spokane. 
During  the  mining  excitement  at  Colville,  in 
1885,  he  came  hither  and  since  that  time  has 
made  this  his  headquarters.  His  first  venture 
here  was  to  erect  a  livery  bam,  which  he  oper- 
ated for  some  time,  about  ten  years.  Then  he 
took  up  real  estate  with  John  B.  Slater,  ha\-ing 
also  began  that  line  while  handling  the  li\-ery. 
When  the  railroad  was  building,  he  purchased 
the  Republican,  which  he  changed  to  a  Demo- 
crat paper  and  named  the  Index.  But  to-day 
it  is  the  leading  Republican  paper  in  the  county. 
He  spent  some  time  in  British  Columbia  look- 
ing after  his  mining  interest  and  later  returned 
to  Colville,  where  he  has  continued  since.  In 
company  with  James  Durkin,  Air.  Young 
bought  an  interest  in  the  famous  Silver  King, 
which  later  sold  for  one  million  five  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  This  gave  him  a  comfortalile 
fortune  and  he  has  invested  it  largely  in  Col- 
ville, owning  now  the  Rickey  building,  besides 
much  other  valuable  property  in  and  adjacent 
to  the  town.  In  1902,  he  established  the  real 
estate  office  he  is  now  conducting  and  has  done 
a  good  business  since.  Mr.  Young  has  large 
mining  interests  in  British  Columbia  and  in 
this  state  and  is  greatly  interested  in  pushing 
that  work  along  rapidly. 

In  1888  Mr.  Young  was  nominated  by  his 
party  for  county  treasurer,  but  was  defeated  by 
John  Rickey  with  a  majority  of  eighteen. 


JOHN  B.  SLATER  needs  no  introduction 
to  the  people  of  Stevens  county,  having  been 
prominently  engaged  in  this  county  for  eigh- 
teen years,  both  in  private  enterprise  and  public 
office,  in  all  of  which  he  lias  manifested  that  in- 
tegrity and  worth  of  character  which  have  won 
for  him  unfeigned  esteem  and  respect  from  the 
people  of  every  class.  Since  he  has  been  so 
thoroughly  identified  with  the  interests  of  the 
county,  no  mention  of  leading  citizens  would 
be  complete  were  there  failure  to  incorporate  a 
review  of  his  career. 

John  B.  Slater  was  born  in  Yreka,  Siski- 


328 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


you  county,  California,  on  April  lo.  i860,  be- 
ing the  son  of  James  and  Sarah  J.  Slater,  who 
were  numbered  with  the  pioneers  of  Oregon  in 
1853.  On  June  29,  1859,  they  were  married 
and  at  once  removed  to  California,  settling 
where  our  subject  first  saw  the  light.  The 
father  was  engaged  in  mining  and  in  1862,  re- 
moved with  his  family  back  to  Oregon.  When 
seven.  John  B.  was  called  to  mourn  the  death 
of  his  mother  and  this  caused  the  father  to 
break  up  housekeeping.  After  that  the  lad 
met  with  some  of  the  hardships  of  life  and 
early  learned  to  become  self  reliant.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  public  schools 
and  the  Santiam  Academy  at  Lebanon.  Ore- 
gon. Following  school  days,  he  learned  the 
.tinsmith  trade  and  also  the  art  of  the  phar- 
macist. In  1 88 1,  he  engaged  with  the  North- 
ern Pacific  as  tinsmith  and  wrought  for  two. 
years.  Subsequent  to  that.  Mr.  Slater  went  to 
Heron,  Montana  and  opened  a  drug  store.  The 
great  rush  to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  occurred  in 
the  latter  part  of  that  year  and  the  beginning  of 
1884,  and  ^Ir.  Slater  being  of  a  progressive 
and  stirring  siiirit,  was  one  of  the  first  to  ally 
himself  with  the  movement.  In  1884,  how- 
ever, he  came  out  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  countr)' 
and  located  at  Medical  Lake,  Washington.  He 
purchased  the  Medical  Lake  Banner  and 
launched  into  the  newspaper  field.  In  the  fall 
of  1885,  Mr.  Slater  removed  his  plant  to  Col- 
ville  and  on  November  17  of  that  year  ap- 
peared the  first  number  of  the  Cohnllc  Miner. 
On  February  11,  1886,  Mr.  Slater  received 
from  President  Cleveland  the  appointment  of 
postmaster  at  Colville  and  for  three  years  he 
was  an  eflicient  and  popular  incumbent  of  that 
responsible  position.  In  the  fail  of  1886,  the 
people  called  Mr.  Slater  to  act  as  probate  judge 
of  Stevens  county  and  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  ofifice  in  1888.  he  was  re-elected.  In 
1889,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  state, 
for  the  practice  of  law  and  on  the  admission  of 
Washington  as  a  state,  Mr.  Slater  was  chosen 
the  first  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  county.. 
He  has  frequently  been  delegate  to  the  conven- 
tions, but  otherwise  than  already  mentioned  he 
has  never  allowed  his  name  to  appear  as  candi- 
date for  any  public  office.  However,  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Rogers  as  a  member  of 
the  State  Board  of  Audit  and  Control,  and 
served  from  April,  1900,  to  April,  1901,  with 
acceptability  to  all.  On  December  30,  1902,  the 


Nashville  College  of  Law  conferred  on  Mr. 
Slater  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  Aside 
from  the  practice  of  law  since  his  admission, 
Mr.  Slater  has  also  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, newspaper  work,  mining,  and  lumbering, 
with  varied  success,  but  ever  with  manifesta- 
tion of  wisdom  and  energy.  At  the  present 
time,  he  owns  his  home  in  Colville  besides  other 
property  and  is  at  the  head  of  a  good  practice 
in  the  law. 

At  Lebanon,  Oregon,  on  September  11, 
1889,  Mr.  Slater  married  Miss  Florence  E. 
Ballard,  daughter  of  the  late  Governor  Ballard 
of  Idaho.  One  son  has  been  born  to  the  union  : 
Ronald  B.,  in  Colville,  on  September  29.  1891. 

Mr.  Slater  has  the  following  named  broth- 
ers:  Wm.  P.,  Jas.  S.,  and  Geo.  R.  He  has  al- 
ways been  allied  with  the  Democratic  party  and 
has  faithfully  labored  for  the  advancement  of 
those  principles  deemed  wisest  and  best.  In 
1887,  Mr.  Slater  was  made  a  Mason  and  has 
passed  all  the  chairs. 


JAY  H.  FELT,  one  of  the  progressive  citi- 
zens of  Stevens  county,  residing  three-quarters 
of  a  mile  west  of  Newport,  is  engaged  in  the 
stock  and  dairy  business.  He  was  born  in 
Madison  county.  New  York.  November  12, 
1858,  and  his  parents  were  William  and  Sarah 
M.  (Lee)  Felt,  natives  of  New  York.  The 
great-grandfather  of  our  subject  came  to  Amer- 
ica with  General  Lafayette,  and  served  under 
his  command  through  the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  Lees  came,  originally,  from  Eng- 
land, and  the  mother  of  our  subject  is  a  distant 
relative  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee.  At  an  early 
day  the  parents  of  our  subject  settled  in  Iowa, 
where  they  lived  for  thirty  years.  They  came 
to  Stevens  county  in  1891,  where  the  father 
died,  during  that  summer.  The  mother  still 
lives  at  die  age  of  eight  years,  in  Humboldt 
county,  California.  To  her  were  torn  seven 
children,  of  whom  the  following  are  living: 
Ann  E..  wife  of  H.  E.  Waldron ;  Jav  H..  nur 
subject;  Emma,  married  to  George  Wilson,  of 
Louisville.  Kentucky:  Rosa,  wife  of  James  B. 
Callahan,  of  Republic:  and  Horace,  now  in 
California. 

Cerro  Gordo  cuunty.  hiwa.  was  the  scene 
of  our  subject's  first  educntional  advantages, 
and  he  was  matriculated   in  the  state  normal 


JAY    H.   FELT. 


JOHN    T.   MAHER. 


URIAH    CRANDALL. 


HENRY    TWEEDIE. 


ROBERT    FOUNTAIN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


329 


school.  At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  began 
teaching  school,  which  profession  he  followed 
ten  years.  We  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1884, 
where  he  continued  teaching,  removing  to 
]\Iinnesota  in  1885,  and  here,  in  addition  to  his 
duties  as  a  pedagogue,  he  added  that  of  news- 
paper correspondent.  In  1888  he  went  to 
Idaho,  where  he  lived  three  years,  locating  a 
homestead  in  Stevens  county  in  1891.  He  has 
served  several  years  as  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
having  been  several  times  re-elected.  Mr.  Felt 
cultivates  forty  acres,  and  has,  besides,  quite  an 
extensive  and  profitable  dairy.  He  raises  con- 
siderable stock.  He  has  an  excellent  spring  of 
water  which  the  town  of  Newport  is  anxious 
to  purchase,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the 
young  city. 

In  18S8  Mr.  Felt  was  married  to  Emma  V. 
Gould,  daughter  of  Carlos  and  Nancy  (Loucks) 
Gould,  natives  of  New  York.  Going  to  Minne- 
sota as  pioneers  they  located  in  Olmstead 
county,  where  they  died.  Four  of  their  chil- 
dren survive:  Mary  M.,  wife  of  Charles 
Wright,  of  Rochester,  Minnesota :  Alonzo,  in 
Idaho;  Rose,  married  to  Peter  Gravelin,  of 
Grant's  Pass,  Oregon;  and  Emma  V.,  wife 
of  our  subject. 

Mr.  Felt  was  a  Democrat,  but  at  present  af- 
filiates with  the  Socialist  party,  in  whose  inter- 
ests he  manifests  much  enthusiasm.  Mrs.  Felt 
is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church. 
They  have  five  children,  William  V.,  Salome 
B.,  Sarah  B.,  Lafayette  and  George,  all  res'd- 
ing  with  their  parents.  I\Ir.  Felt  was  one  of 
the  verv  earliest  if  not  the  first  settler  in  the 
Pend  d'Oreille  valley.  He  took  the  first  claim 
in  the  valley  and  was  forced  to  bring  his  family 
in  over  the  Calispell  Indian  trail.  His  point  of 
supplies  was  Rathdrum. 


JOHN  T.  T^IAHER.  who  is  one  of  the 
earliest  residents  of  the  Colville  valley  residing 
now  about  three  miles  south  from  Valley,  was 
born  in  Albany,  New  York  on  May  10,  1861, 
the  son  of  Thomas  and  Catharine  (Smith) 
^laher,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  was  an 
immigrant  to  this  country  when  a  child,  and 
recei\-e(l  his  education  in  Albany  county.  New 
York.  He  followed  lumbering  in  later  years 
and  in  1883  came,  with  John  T..  to  the  Colville 
valley  where  his  death  occurred  in  1895.     The 


mother  was  called  away  to  the  world  beyond  in 
1897,  at  Albany,  New  York.  Our  suljject  was 
educated  in  New  York  and  completed  his  train- 
ing with  a  fine  course  in  Bryant  &  Strattons 
college.  Then  he  entered  a  large  institution, 
the  Merchants  National  Bank,  at  Albany,  and 
from  the  position  of  messenger  he  worked  up 
to  general  bookkeeper  and  was  entrusted  with 
much  responsibility.  In  all  this  career,  Mr. 
Maher  manifested  an  ability  and  trustworthi- 
ness that  unhesitatingly  commended  him  to  the 
establishment,  and  had  it  not  been  that  he  was 
forced  from  indoor  work  by  the  failure  of  his 
health,  he  doubtless  would  have  been  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  institution  to-day,  for  dur- 
ing the  time  that  he  was  there  he  accumulated 
by  wise  investments  over  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars. With  this  fine  sum  of  money  in  New 
York  drafts,  our  subject  came,  in  the  spring  of 
18S3,  with  his  father  to  Spokane.  A  short 
stay  in  that  then  new  village,  and  we  find  Mr. 
3\Iaher  exploring  the  Colville  valley.  He  se- 
lected the  place  where  he  now  li\-es  and  pur- 
chased a  squatter's  right  of  L.  D.  Ferguson 
for  two  thousand  dollars,  probably  the  highest 
price  for  a  right  in  the  valley  to  that  time,  and 
a  precedent  largely  followed  since.  Mr.  }\Iaher 
at  once  gave  his  attention  to  raising  stock  and 
hay.  He  has  been  very  successful  in  both  these 
lines  and  has  marketed  thousands  of  tons  of 
the  latter  and  sold  many  head  of  stock.  His 
estate  increased  to  nearly  nine  hundred  acres 
but  recently  he  sold  four  hundred  acres.  In 
addition  to  the  industries  mentioned,  Mr.  IMaher 
has  paid  considerable  attention  to  mining  and 
owns  various  properties  in  different  localities. 
Mr.  Maher  has  never  ventured  upon  the  matri- 
monial sea  and  his  sister  Mary  is  keeping  house 
for  him  at  the  present  time.  In  reference  to 
political  alliances,  he  says,  "I  am  a  Democrat, 
and  proud  of  it."  He  has  always  taken  a  keen 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community  but 
lias  never  sought  offices  for  himself.  He  is  an 
ailherent  of  the  Catholic  church. 


URIAH  CRANDALL.  who  lives  two  and 
one-half  miles  south  from  Locke,  is  one  of  tlie 
pioneers  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  valley.  It  was  in 
1886  that  I\Ir.  Crandall  settled  where  he  now 
Vwes.  the  land  being  then  unsurveyed.  L^pon 
being  sur\-eved  it  was  found  to  be  railroad  land 


330 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  he  purcliased  the  same,  having  added  since 
eighty  acres  by  homestead  right.  Mr.  Crandall 
raises  considerable  stock  and  lias  a  fine  meadow 
of  eighty  acres.  His  farm  is  well  fenced  and 
provided  with  other  necessary  improvements 
and  he  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  successful  ag- 
riculturists of  this  section. 

Uriah  Crandall  was  born  on  April  30,  1838, 
in  Otsego  county,  New  York,  the  son  of  Rob- 
ert and  :Margret  (Gage)  Crandall,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  They  settled  in  Guilford,  New 
York,  where  later  the  father  died.  After  that, 
the  mother  married  Jacob  Salzsman,  and  dur- 
ing the  Civil  war  she  died  also.  Mr.  Crandall 
has  two  sisters,  Eveline  McNitt  and  Ellen 
Packard.  The  Crandall  family  came  from 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry  who  were  prominent 
people  in  England.  Uriah  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Lion 
Creek.  New  York  and  after  his  father's  death, 
resided  with  his  brother-in-law  for  some  years. 
He  learned  thoroughly  the  art  of  cheese  mak- 
ing, which  he  followed  until  the  Civil  war,  when 
he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Second  United 
States  Light  Artillery.  He  suffered  severely 
from  spotted  fever  and  in  August,  1865,  he  was 
mustered  out  at  Fort  AIcHenry.  Owing  to  the 
ravages  of  this  fearful  disease  in  his  system  he 
was  unable  to  work  for  three  years  thereafter. 
He  spent  sometime  in  Missouri  and  Kansas, 
then  returned  to  New  York,  whence  he  came 
to  California.  Later  we  find  him  in  Portland, 
where  he  lived  for  eight  years.  Next  he  spent 
a  year  in  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  country  and  in 
1886,  as  stated  above,  he  settled  at  his  pres- 
ent place. 

]\Ir.  Crandall  has  two  sons,  John  and  Will, 
who  are  grown  to  manhood.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  and  takes  particular 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community  and 
political  matters,  being  allied  with  the  Republi- 
can party. 


HENRY  TWEEDIE,  who  lives  six  miles 
south  of  Penrith,  Stevens  county,  is  engaged  in 
general  farming  and  stock  breeding.  He  is  a 
native  of  Quebec,  Canada,  born  February  17, 
1849.  ^'s  parents  were  John  and  Jane 
(McCluchie)  Tweedie,  the  father  being  a  na- 
tive of  Edinburg,  Scotland,  and  the  mother  of 
Ireland.  When  quite  young  they  came  to 
America    and    settled    at    Quebec,    where    the 


father  died,  in  1890,  at  the  age  of  eighty-five 
years  and  six  months.  His  ancestors  were 
wealthy  and  distinguished  people  of  Scotland. 
The  mother  still  lives  at  he  age  of  eighty-five 
years.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children, 
of  whom  five  are  living,  ]\Iary,  Sarah,  Jessie, 
John,  and  Henry,  our  subject. 

Having  received  a  fair  business  education 
in  Canada  our  subject,  on  attaining  his  major- 
ity, began  life  in  the  lumber  woods,  at  which 
business  he  remained  until  1877,  when  he  came 
to  Washington,  and  continued  in  the  same  line 
two  years.  In  1879  he  went  to  Walla  Walla, 
and  in  1884  removed  to  Montana,  returning  to 
Walla  Walla  in  1889.  That  year  he  came  to 
Ste\ens  county,  where  he  conducted  a  pack 
train  running  from  Pend  d'Oreille  to  the  Koo- 
tenai river,  for  the  Great  Northern  railroad  for 
two  seasons.  In  1891  Mr.  Tweedie  settled  on 
unsurveyed  land,  where  he  continued  farming 
ten  years,  before  he  could  file  on  the  same.  The 
only  market  available  was  Rathdrum.  He 
cleared  eighty  acres,  which  is  now  devoted  to 
hay.  He  has  four  hundred  and  eighty  rods  of 
ditch,  in  the  construction  of  which  eight  thou- 
sand feet  of  lumber  were  used.  He  is  sur- 
rounded with  substantial  improvements,  as 
good  house  and  barns,  one  of  them  being  forty 
by  one  hundred,  the  other  twenty-four  by  sixty. 
His  property  is  supplied  with  plenty  of  excellent 
water  and  is  in  a  most  eligible  location. 

The  political  affiliations  of  Air.  Tweedie 
are  with  the  Republican  party,  in  which  realm 
he  takes  an  active  and  prominent  part. 


ROBERT  FOUNTAIN  is  among  the 
heaviest  land  owners  in  Stevens  county.  Of 
meadow  land  he  has  over  four  hundred  acres, 
which  annually  produces  abundant  returns.  He 
has  several  hundred  acres  of  first-class  timber 
land  and  the  whole  estate  is  improved  in  a  very 
excellent  manner.  His  elegant  residence  of 
modern  architectural  design,  is  as  beautiful  and 
fine  a  home  as  can  be  found  in  the  Pend 
d'Oreille  valley.  Barns,  outbuildings,  and 
other  valuable  improvements  are  in  evidence 
while  a  general  air  of  thrift  pervades  the 
premises  and  indicates  the  manner  of  the  man. 

Robert  Fountain  was  born  in  Fleming 
county,  Kentucky,  on  June  20,  1852.  the  son 
of  Andrew  and  Louisa  A.    (Robli)   Fountain, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


331 


natives  of  IMaryland  and  Kentucky,  respec- 
tively. The  parents  settled  in  Fleming  county 
in  an  early  day  and  there  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  decease.  Nine  children  were  born 
to  this  worth  couple.  The  father  served  in  the 
war  of  1 81 2  and  the  ancestors  on  both  sides 
were  people  of  prominence. 

Mr.  Fountain  was  educated  by  private  in- 
structors and  in  a  Presbyterian  Academy  until 
he  had  reached  his  majority  and  then  he  started 
to  do  for  himself,  beginning  operations  in  farm- 
ing, in  Illinois.  There  he  remained  until  1888 
when  he  came  to  Stevens  county  and  located  on 
government  land.  Later  he  purchased  land  un- 
til he  now  has  a  magnificent  estate.  In  addi- 
tion to  handling  general  crops  and  hay,  he 
raises  about  eighty  head  of  stock  each  year  and 
is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  the  valley. 

On  No\-ember  30,  1889  Mr.  Fountain  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennie,  <laughter  of  S.  H.  and  Mary 
(Weer)  Cusick,  natives  of  Ohio.  In  1888  they 
came  to  the  Pend  d'Oreille  valley,  where  the 
father  died  June  14,  1903,  the  mother  having 
died  some  years  previous.  They  were  parents 
of  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  living. 

Mr.  Fountain  takes  great  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  community.  Politically  he  is 
allied  with  the  Democrats.  In  1895  ^^^  '^'^'^^ 
elected  county  commissioner  and  served  two 
years  with  credit  to  himself  and  his  constituents. 
In  1897  he  entered  the  race  for  county  auditor 
and  was  defeated  by  very  few  votes.  Mrs. 
Fountain  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church 
and  is  a  lady  of  refinement  and  culture. 

The  ability  of  Mr.  Fountain  in  financiering 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  when  he  took  the  ofiice 
of  county  commissioner,  the  warrants  of  the 
county  were  selling  at  thirty-five  cents  on  the 
dollar  and  when  he  retired  from  office,  the 
county  was  able  to  care  for  its  own  indebted- 
ness. When  he  first  came  to  the  office,  the  poor 
of  the  county  were  farmed  out  to  different  ones, 
and  he  succeeded  in  getting  them  in  one  place 
and  looked  after  in  better  shape  arid  at  much 
less  expense. 


JOHN  W.  DECKER,  during  his  short 
residence  in  the  vicinity  of  Loonlake,  Stevens 
county,  has  been  eminently  successful  in  his 
business  operations. 

Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  is  the  place  of  his 


nativity,  and  February  2,  1862,  the  date  of  his 
birth.  His  father,  Dennis  Decker,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio  and  a  farmer.  His  mother,  Emily 
M.  Decker,  was  born  in  Indiana,  settled  in  early 
life  in  Iowa,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Ot- 
tumwa,  same  state.  She  went  with  her  hus- 
band to  Nebraska,  thence  to  Seattle,  and  in 
1 89 1  came  to  Stevens  county,  Washington, 
where  they  at  present  reside,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. To  them  have  been  born  four  children : 
Mary,  wife  of  Charles  Shepard,  in  Spokane: 
Martha,  living  in  Minnesota ;  Theodore,  in 
Spokane,  and  John  W.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

The  latter  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Ottumwa,  Iowa.  He  remamed 
with  his  parents  until  1900,  when  he  purchased 
eighty  acres  of  hay  and  timber  land,  two  and  a 
quarter  miles  northwest  of  Loonlake,  Stevens 
county.  Forty  acres  of  this  is  meadow  land, 
the  rest  timber.  He  has  a  substantial  residence, 
good  barns  and  outbuildings,  and  a  small  or- 
chard.    He  raises  considerable  stock. 

On  August  29.  1889,  Mr.  Decker  was 
married  to  Miss  Jennie  Solaker.  a  native  of 
Austria.  She  came  with  her  parents  to  the 
LTnited  States  in  1884.  locating  in  Oregon. 
Mrs.  Decker  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  and  is 
the  mother  of  two  children,  Hazel  M.  and 
Charles  L.,  both  living  with  their  parents. 

Democratic  in  politics,  Mr.  Decker  is  al- 
ways interested  in  all  local  affairs,  and  enjoys 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  community  in 
which  he  resides.  He  is  an  active  member  of 
Loonlake  Camp,  M.  W.  A.,  and  his  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  R.  N.  A.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Decker  are  active  members  of  the  Christian 
church. 


ELMER  L.  SHARP  is  a  young  man  wlio 
has  passed  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  in 
Washington,  coming  to  Stevens  county  in  ter- 
ritorial days. 

The  state  of  his  nativity  is  Michigan,  hav- 
ing been  born  in  Newaygo  county,  April  19, 
1881.  His  parents  were  M.  L.  and  Amelia  J. 
(Saunders)  Sharp,  his  mother  a  native  of 
Michigan,  the  father  of  Canada.  They  are 
mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

Elmer  L.  Sharp  was  one  of  nine  children. 


332 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


all  of  whom  are  mentioned  in  the  father's  bio- 
graphical history,  except  William,  who  is  de- 
ceased. Our  subject  is  now  residing  at  Deer 
Lake.  Stevens  county.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Loonlake  until  the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  when  he  began  working  for  his  parents, 
and  with  whom  he  remained  until  he  was  twen- 
ty-two years  old.  He  then  rented  his  father's 
farm  which  he  now  conducts,  ha\'ing  eighty 
acres  under  cultivation  and  a  fair  bunch  of 
cattle. 

Mr.  Sharp  is  a  Republican,  and  decidedly 
well  informed  on  the  live  issues  of  the  day.  In 
local  politics  he  manifests  a  keen  interest,  and 
is  an  energetic,  liberal,  and  public  spirited 
young  man. 


PERRY  H.  HOVEY  resides  about  six 
miles  northeast  from  Colville,  where  he  owns  a 
line  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  He 
has  bestowed  his  labors  here  with  success  and 
has  made  good  substantial  improvements  and 
does  general  farming.  Among  other  special- 
ties, he  has  started  a  nice  nursery  and  pays  par- 
ticular attention  to  growinc;  strawl  terries  and 
small  fruits,  and  doubtless  \\\\\  make  a  good 
success  of  the  enterprise.  Air.  Hovey  devotes 
much  of  the  winter  time  to  mining  and  has  sev- 
eral properties.  He  is  known  as  a  stirring  and 
capable  man  and  has  laliored  failthfully  to  build 
up  the  country. 

Perry  H.  Hovey  was  born  in  Chippewa 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  March  13.  1862.  the  son 
of  E.  M.  and  Mary  (Seeley)  Hovey,  natives 
of  Massachusetts  and  New  York,  respectively. 
They  were  married  at  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin. 
By  a  former  marriage  the  father  had  two  chil- 
dren, L.  B.  and  Julia  A.,  and  to  the  last  mar- 
riage two  children  were  born,  Ella,  and  Perry 
H.  In  Dunn  county,  Wisconsin,  our  subject 
secured  his  early  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  at  the  budding  age  of  seventeen, 
he  began  duties  in  the  battle  of  life  on  his  own 
responsibility.  He  worked  in  the  lumber 
woods,  then  went  to  Dakota  where  he  farmed 
and  herded  cattle.  Later  he  was  foreman  on  a 
milk  ranch  at  Mandan.  North  Dakota  for  one 
years.  After  this  we  see  him  in  Montana,  still 
handling  stock  and  in  1S84  he  went  to  Ar- 
kansas and  took  up  the  occupation  of  making 
barrel  staves.     He  \'isited  Texas  and  then  went 


to  cooking  in  Kansas  City.  This  occupied  him 
for  some  time  and  next  we  see  him  catering  to 
the  trade  in  Colorado  after  some  work  in  Mis- 
souri, and  then  he  took  a  position  as  cook  on 
the  range.  Later  in  Arizona  he  still  pursued  the 
avocation  and  then  diverted  his  attention  to 
'stage  driving.  It  was  1888  that  he  finally 
landed  in  Spokane  and  took  up  bridge  work  for 
a  time  and  also  did  other  labor.  He  located  a 
ranch  on  the  Little  Spokane  about  this  time  and 
in  1 891  came  to  Colville.  \\'e  next  see  him 
handling  ore  and  lumber  for  the  Old  Dominion 
and  in  1893,  ^^^  took  his  present  place  as  a 
homestead.  In  1894,  he  was  in  the  employ 
of  the  Spokane  Falls  and  Northern  railroad  as 
baggagemaster  and  in  other  capacities.  In 
1895,  Mr.  Hovey  went  prospecting  and  more 
or  less  since  that  time  he  has  followed  that  line 
of  work. 

In  political  matters  he  is  inclined  to  the 
Liberals  and  is  an  independent  thinker.  In 
fraternal  affiliations,  ?ilr.  Hovey  is  a  member  of 
the  Miners  Union  and  is  well  esteemed.  He  is 
inclined  to  agnosticism  in  religious  belief  and 
is  always  ready  for  investigation. 


GEORGE  THEIS  was  the  first  settler  to 
locate  in  the  region  of  the  Colville  valley,  where 
he  now  has  an  excellent  farm  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres,  just  five  miles  from  the  county 
seat.  He  has  it  well  improved  with  all  build- 
ings, fences,  and  so  forth,  necessary  and  was 
recently  offered  four  thousand  dollars  for  the 
estate.  He  was  obliged  when  coming  to  this 
section,  to  cut  all  the  roads  alone  and  has  sh.own 
remarkable  energy  and  stability  as  an  opening 
pioneer. 

George  Theis  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  October  16,  1859.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Germany  and  came  to  this 
country  in  1850,  locating  in  Pennsyhania, 
where  they  remained  until  their  death,  having 
been  the  parents  of  six  children.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  Pittsburg  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  the  time  of  their 
death,  then  resided  with  his  mother's  sister  until 
fifteen,  at  which  time  he  began  work  in  life  for 
himself.  He  learned  the  boiler  maker's  trade 
and  remained  at  it  until  nineteen,  then  went  to 
Ohio  and  enlisted  in  the  regular  army  >vhere 
for  the  next  fi\-e  vears  he  \vas  found.     He  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


233 


sent  to  San  Francisco  and  later  to  Vancouver 
and  finally  in  1881  came  through  where 
Spokane  now  stands,  it  then  being  but  a  village. 
He  went  to  Fort  Spokane  where  he  remained 
until  the  time  of  his  discharge  in  1885.  Mr. 
Theis  remarks  that  on  coming  through  the 
village  of  Spokane,  the  citizens  turned  out 
enmasse  with  tin  horns,  tin  cans  and  every 
available  instrument  to  make  a  noise  to  wel- 
come the  soldiers,  so  glad  were  they  to  see  the 
people  coming  west.  They  had  come  on  the 
first  regular  train  entering  Spokane.  Immedi- 
ately following  his  discharge,  Mr.  Theis  located 
as  a  homestead,  the  place  where  he  now  lives, 
and  at  once  de\-oted  himself  to  its  impro\ement. 
He  labored  there  steadily  until  1891,  then  took 
a  position  in  the  Colville  smelter  for  three  years. 
After  this  he  built  a  sawmill  and  operated  that 
until  1893.  when  it  burned  down.  He  immedi- 
ately rebuilt  then  sold  and  returned  to  his  farm, 
where  he  has  been  occupied  in  general  farming 
and  stock  raising  since. 

In  1883,  Mr.  Theis  married  Miss  Rachel, 
daughter  of  Austin  and  Hester  Prouty,  natives 
of  Ohio  and  Iowa,  respectively,  and  parents  of 
seven  children.  To  Mr  and  ilrs.  Theis  seven 
children  have  been  born,  as  follows :  Violet, 
Roy,  George,  Alva,  Albert,  Fred  and  Theodore. 
Poltically,  Mr.  Theis  is  an  active  Republican 
and  a  man  of  influence.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  and  A.  I\I.  and  is  well  respected  as  a  man 
of  substantial  qualities  and  uprightness. 


FRANK  WEATHERWAX  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  well  known  business  men  of  the 
valley.  He  handles  a  large  butcher  trade,  oper- 
ates a  hotel  and  a  livery  barn,  while  on  the 
side  he  attends  to  his  farm  and  raises  about 
forty  head  of  stock.  Mr.  Weatherwax  has 
made  a  fine  success  in  the  financial  world,  ow- 
ing to  his  executive  ability  and  keen  judgment 
in  business  affairs.  His  tireless  energy  and 
genial  and  aft'able  ways  have  both  gathered  and 
held  the  fine  patronage  with  which  he  is  fav- 
ored in  the  various  enterprises  that  he  conducts. 

Frank  W^eatherwax  was  born  in  Illinois  on 
May  13,  1869,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Christiana 
(Anthony)  "\\'eatherwax.  natives  of  ^lichigan 
and  Ohio,  res])ectively.  They  are  mentioned  in 
another  portion  of  this  work..  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  earlv  education  in  Sidnev,  Nebraska 


and  after  completing  the  common  school  train- 
ing, assisted  his  father  until  1892,  when  he 
started  to  do  for  himself.  He  had  come  with 
his  parents  to  Stevens  county  in  1882,  there- 
fore was  well  accjuainted  with  the  country  and 
its  resources  when  he  started  out  in  business. 

In  1892,  j\Ir.  Weatherwax  married  Aliss 
Blanch,  daughter  of  J.  D.  and  Olive  A.  (Day) 
Slocum,  natives  of  Illinois  and  the  parents  of 
five  children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weatherwax 
three  children  have  been  born,  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Hattie,  deceased,  Helen,  and  Roy.  Mr. 
Weatherwax  is  a  good  active  Republican  and 
is  ever  on  the  alert  to  forward  those  principles 
which  are  for  the  welfare  of  all.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  a  man  of  good  stand- 
ing in  the  communitv. 


SLMON  S.  CLARK,  who  resides  two  and 
one-half  miles  east  from  Tumtum,  devotes  him- 
self to  general  farming  and  carpenter  work. 
He  is  making  a  good  success  in  his  business 
ventures  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of 
the  county.  He  is  an  active  man  in  promoting 
the  welfare  of  the  community  and  in  political 
affairs  takes  a  liberal  stand.  An  account  of  his 
life  in  this  connection  is  very  proper  and  it  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  append  the  same. 

Simon  S.  Clark  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  on  July  26,  1852,  the  son  of  Stephen 
and  Hannah  (Shoemaker)  Clark,  natives  of 
the  same  county.  They  remained  there  until 
1857,  then  moved  to  Iowa,  whence  three  years 
later  they  journeyed  to  Gentry  county,  Mis- 
souri. The  family  home  continued  in  that 
place  until  1883  ^vhen  they  again  journeyed, 
this  time  to  Washington.  Location  was  made 
in  the  territory  now  ,  embraced  in  Lincoln 
county.  Later  the  father  removed  to  Stevens 
county,  where  he  now  lives.  He  is  aged  seven- 
ty-nine and  the  mother  seventy-three.  They 
are  the  parents  of  the  following  children.  Simon 
S.,  who  is  our  subject,  Thomas,  Francis  M., 
Olive,  Sidney,  Mahlon,  deceased,  Sigel,  Will- 
iam, Stephen,  and  two  who  died  in  infancy. 
Simon  S.  Clark  was  educated  in  the  jjublic 
schools  of  Gentry  county,  Missouri.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  began  to  work  on  the  ad- 
joining farms  and  in  1883  came  to  Washing- 
ton, locating  twenty-two  miles  west  of  Spokane 
on  little  coulee  where  he  lived  fourteen  vears. 


334 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


After  that  he  removetl  to  Lincohi  couiit\-  and 
about  tliree  years  later,  or  in  1898.  came  to 
Stevens  county  and  purchased  five  hundred  and 
twenty-eight  acres  where  lie  now  lives.  He  has 
a  good  farm,  an  excellent  orchard,  and  comfort- 
able residence,  with  out  buildings  and  so  forth. 
In  February,  1874,  Mr.  Clark  married  Miss 
Alary  E.  Davidson,  who  died  in  1892,  having 
been  the  mother  of  seven  children,  named  as 
follows:  Hannah  B.,  Eunice  A.,  Thomas  J., 
Louis  P.,  Florence  A.,  Laurence  A.,  and  Dan- 
iel J.,  deceased.  In  May,  1901,  Mr.  Clark  mar- 
ried Elsie  E.  Babb,  and'  one  child,  Carl  E.,  has 
been  born  to  them.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  that 
Mr.  Clark  moved  from  Ohio  to  Iowa  and  from 
Iowa  to  [Missouri  and  thence  to  Washington, 
all  bv  team  and  wagon. 


STEPHEN  E.  WAYLAND  is  a  promi- 
nent and  skillful  stockman  and  agriculturist  of 
the  Colville  valley  and  is  to  be  classed  as  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  the  section  as  well  as  a  real 
builder  of  the  county.  He  has  manifested  an 
industry  and  energy  dominated  with  keen  wis- 
dom which  have  given  him  the  need  of  a  gratify- 
ing holding  in  various  kinds  of  good  property. 
Coming  at  a  time  when  large  portions  of  the 
country  were  but  wilderness,  he  was  quick  to 
perceive  the  resources  of  the  country  and  as 
apt  and  ready  to  grasp  them  with  skill  and  wis- 
dom that  have  turned  all  to  good  account,  both 
as  to  enhancing  his  own  exchequer  and  for  the 
stimulating  of  better  endeavor,  in  his  fellows. 

Stephen  E.  \\'ayland  was  born  in  Dallas 
county,  Texas,  on  November  24,  1852,  the  son 
of  Jaret  and  Rhoda  (English)  Wayland,  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  Indiana,  respectively 
They  settled  in  Texas  and  there  remained  until 
their  death.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools,  and  in  fact  received  his  edu- 
cation through  his  own  efforts  in  paying  his 
own  way.  At  the  interesting  age  of  eighteen 
he  slipped  out  into  the  world  to  see  the  realities 
of  life  and  from  that  time  until  the  present  he 
has  paddled  his  own  canoe  o'er  the  rough 
waters  of  life's  seas,  missing  the  shoals  and 
riding  the  crest  of  the  waves  in  a  successful 
manner.  He  first  went  to  Indian  Territory, 
then  to  Kansas,  and  later  was  in  Color-ado  and 
\\'yoming  riding   the   range,   and   then    for   a 


while  spent  his  whole  time  in  traveling.  In 
1872  he  first  landed  in  Washington  and  soon 
journeyed  on  to  Alaska,  where  some  time  was 
spent  in  prospecting.  Later  he  returned  to 
Seattle,  then  went  to  California,  and  in  1877 
to  the  Black  Hills.  Then  he  went  to  Stockton, 
California,  whence  he  sailed  to  Seattle.  In 
1883  Mr.  Wayland  settled  in  Stevens  county, 
about  one  mile  west  from  where  \'alley  now  is, 
and  where  he  lives  at  this  time.  Mr.  Wayland 
has  added  to  his  original  homestead  until  he 
has  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  fertile 
land.  It  is  a  well  kept  and  improved  farm  and 
yields  abundant  crops  of  general  produce, 
besides  orchard  productions,  and  hay  enough 
to  winter  one  hundred  head  of  stock.  Last  year 
Mr.  Wayland  baled  four  hundred  tons  for 
sale. 

In  1884  Mr.  Wayland  married  Miss  Julia, 
daughter  of  H.  and  Christiana  (Anthony) 
Weatherwax,  who  are  mentioned  in  this  work. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
Mabel,  Henry,  Cary,  and  Walter.  Politically 
Mr.  Wayland  is  a  Democrat  and  in  1889  and 
1890  was  chosen  as  county  commissioner.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  and  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  while  }vlrs.  Wavland  belongs  to  the 
L.  O.  T.  M. 


JOHN  G.  KULZER  is  one  of  the  leading 
lumber  men  of  Stevens  county.  He  owns  and 
is  operating  a  fine  saw  mill  south  from  \'alley. 
The  mill  has  an  output  capacity  of  thirty  thou- 
sand feet  per  day  and  is  equipped  with  all  the 
latest  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  lum- 
ber and  lumber  products.  Mr.  Kulzer  has  an 
excellent  water  power  of  six  hundred  horse 
power,  which  runs  the  mill  and  other  machin- 
ery. He  has  a  comfortable  residence,  outbuild- 
ings, and  so  forth,  and  some  stock,  while  in 
addition  to  all  this  property,  he  owns  fourteen 
hundred  acres  of  land.  He  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent and  leading  men  of  the  county. 

John  G.  Kulzer  was  born  in  St.  Cloud, 
Minnesota  on  September  16.  1863,  the  son  of 
George  and  ]\Iaggie  (Winters)  Kulzer,  natives 
of  Bavaria,  Germany.  They  came  to  America 
in  1849  ^"d  located  in  Minnesota  where  they 
remained  until  1888  when  the  father  moved  to 
\*alley,  Washington,  where  he  now  lives,  the 
mother  having  died  in  1881.  They  were  the 
parents   of   six   children,   as   follows:   Minnie, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


335 


Barbara,  ]Mary,  J.  G.,  Mattie,  deceased  and 
Michael.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Albany, 
Minnesota  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  laid 
aside  his  books  and  stepped  from  the  home 
place  to  begin  the  duties  of  life  for  himself.  He 
operated  a  hotel  for  two  years  then  sold  out  and 
went  into  the  railroad  mail  service  where  he 
continued  for  fourteen  years,  after  which  he 
took  to  sawmilling  and  in  that  occupation  we 
find  him  at  the  present  time. 

In  1883  Mr.  Kulzer  married  Miss  Mary 
Obermiller.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Ger- 
many and  came  to  Wisconsin  when  she  was 
quite  young  and  later  moved  to  Minnesota 
where  they  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  Mrs.  Kulzer  is  one  of  five  children : 
John,  Mary,  Isadore,  Henry  and  Peter.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kulzer  four  children  have  been 
born :  Albert  I.,  Matilda,  Eulalia  and  Agnes. 
Mr.  Kulzer  is  a  Democrat,  active  in  political 
matters,  and  at  present  is  serving  on  the  school 
board.  Fraternallv  he  is  affiliated  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  K.  P.,  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  a  lumber- 
man's organization.  Mrs.  Kulzer  is  a  member 
of  the  D.  of  H.,  while  they  both  belong  to  the 
Catholic  church. 


JOSIAH  M.  DAVEY,  who  is  familiarly 
known  as  Captain  Davey,  is  superintendent  and 
manager  of  the  Iron  Hill  Mining  Company's 
property,  situated  twelve  miles  west  from  Val- 
ley. Few  men  have  had  a  more  extensive  and 
successful  career  in  mining  than  Captain  Davey 
and  Stevens  county  is  to  be  congratulated  that 
a  man  of  his  knowledge  and  ability  is  now  in 
charge  of  the  development  work  of  one  of  her 
large  properties.  He  is  a  thoroughly  practical 
man  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled 
to  recount,  for  the  benefit  of  our  readers,  some 
of  the  items  of  his  industrious  career. 

Josiah  M.  Davey  was  born  in  Camborne, 
England,  on  September  9,  1849,  the  son  of 
John  and  Jane  (Martin)  Davey,  natives  'of 
England.  They  came  to  America  in  1866,  but 
returned  to  their  native  country,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  nine  children.  The  mother's  people 
were  a  very  influential  and  wealthy  fannily 
and  the  father  was  an  experienced  and  skill- 
ful mining  man.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place  and  as 
early  as  the  age  of  nine  years  commenced  work 


in  the  mines.  When  sixteen  he  began  to  do 
entirely  for  himself  and  continued  in  mining 
until  1865,  when  he  came  to  this  country  and 
took  up  the  same  business  in  New  England  and 
in  New  York.  Later  we  find  him  in  the  copper 
region  of  Lake  Superior  and  for  five  years  he 
had  charge  of  the  old  Cliff  mine.  Then  he  went 
to  California  and  did  contract  work  for  some 
time.  In  1875  ^^^  returned  to  Lake  Superior 
and  took  charge  of  the  exploration  work  of  a 
large  company.  Two  years  later  he  was  occu- 
pied in  the  great  Calumet  and  Hecla  mines  and 
then  in  other  properties.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  was  engaged  in  various  capacities  in 
the  leading  mines  in  that  section  and  also  in 
exploration  work  in  Lake  Superior  region. 
Finally  he  went  to  prospecting  for  himself  and 
located  a  property  which  he  sold  for  twenty 
thousand  dollars.  After  this  he  was  in  Tennes- 
see for  a  company,  whence  he  returned  to 
Michigan,  and  then  came  to  Washington,  tak- 
ing charge  of  the  properties  mentioned  above. 
Since  coming  here  Captain  Davey  has  won 
hosts  of  friends  and  has  demonstrated  to  the 
people  of  this  section  that  he  is  a  mining  man 
of  marked  ability  and  resources. 

In  1869  Mr.  Davey  married  Miss  Grace, 
daughter  of  William  and  Grace  (Rogers) 
Harvey,  natives  of  England.  In  1866  they 
came  to  Keweenaw,  Michigan,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death,  having  been  the  par- 
ents of  nine  children.  The  father  enlisted  in 
the  Civil  war,  but  was  unable  to  get  to  the 
front  until  hostilities  had  ceased.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Davey  seven  children  have  been  born, 
Louisa,  William  J.,  Joseph,  Minnie,  Josiah, 
Grace  and  Lillie.  Captain  Davey  is  a  good, 
active  Republican  and  a  man  of  influence  in  his 
party.  He  has  held  various  offices,  among 
them  that  of  deputy  sheriff  in  Michigan.  Fra- 
ternally he  is  affiliated  with  the  K.  O.  P.,  A.  F. 
and  A.  M.,  and  the  Sons  of  St.  George. 


JAMES  M.  RICHMOND,  who  lives  three 
miles  west  from  Valley,  is  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  this  portion  of  Stevens  county. 
Since  coming  here  over  fifteen  years  ago  he  has 
displayed  the  energy  and  uprightness  that  win 
both  the  smiles  of  Dame  Fortune  and  the  ap- 
probation of  his  fellow  men.  He  has  ever  been 
known  as  a  good  and  capable  man. 


3o(i 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


James  M.  Riclimoml  was  born  in  Lee 
county,  \'irginia,  on  September  29,  1862,  being 
the  son  of  William  and  Louisa  (Reasot)  Rich- 
mond, natives  of  Virginia.  From  Virginia 
the  family  moved  to  Kentucky.  Four  years 
later,  or  in  1878,  tlie  father  located  in  Spokane, 
where  he  remained  fifteen  years,  then  he  came 
to  Stevens  county.  In  1901,  in  the  city  of 
Spokane,  he  was  called  to  try  the  realities  of 
another  world.  The  mother  is  still  living*. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  Rebec- 
cah  H.,  Florence  L.,  Foradia  L.,  John  A.  and 
James  M.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in 
his  native  country,  completing  his  training  in 
the  Franklin  Academy  and  in  the  Institute  of 
Virginia.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  took  a 
position  as  postal  clerk  on  the  Alissouri  Pacific 
and  operated  in  this  capacity  for  seven  and  one- 
half  years.  In  1888  he  came  to  Stevens  county 
and  bought  the  land  where  he  now  lives.  One 
hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  of  this  farm  are 
producing  hay  and  the  entire  estate  is  fenced 
and  well  improved.  Air.  Richmond  also  han- 
dles considerable  stock.  There  were  but  one 
or  two  white  families  in  this  section  when  he 
settled  here  and  his  labors  and  his  example  have 
done  much  toward  the  improvement  of  the 
county. 

In  1896  Air.  Richmond  married  Aliss 
Vicca,  daughter  of  A.  E.  and  Rebeccah  Welch. 
The  town  of  Welch,  Spokane  county,  is  named 
from  this  family.  Mrs.  Richmond  is  one  of 
five  children  and  her  parents  are  natives  of 
Kentucky.  To  Air.  and  Airs.  Richmond  two 
rhildren  have  been  born,  Chester  J.  and  Clarke 
E.  The  principles  of  the  Democratic  party 
appeal  more  practically  to  our  subject  and  he  is 
a  stanch  worker  in  this  relation.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  school  board  and  has  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace,  while  fraternallv  he  is 
affiliated  with  the  A.  O.  U.  ^^^ 


JAAIES  B.  TUTTLE,  Jr.,  one  of  the  well 
known  mining  men  of  the  state,  is  now  giving 
his  attention  to  the  properties  of  the  King  Gold 
&  Copper  Alining  Company,  which  are  located 
nine  miles  west  from  Valley,  in  Stevens  county. 
Air.  Tuttle,  with  his  father,  owns  a  controlling 
interest  in  this  property  and  is  superintendent, 
while  his  father  is  general  manager  of  the 
same.      His   career   in   mining  has  made  him 


familiar  with  various  properties  through  the 
northwest  and  given  him  practical  experience 
that  now  makes  him  a  skillful  master  in  this 
prominent  industry.  A  resume  of  the  salient 
points  in  his  life  will  be  interesting  to  the  read- 
ers of  this  volume  and  especially  so  since  his 
work  for  the  last  few  years  has  been  along  the 
line  of  developement  of  Stevens  county's  bound- 
less resources. 

James  B.  Tuttle  was  born  in  Saguache.  Col- 
orado, on  April  12,  1879,  the  son  of  J.  B.  and 
Nancy  C.  (Goff)  Tuttle,  natives  of  Canada 
and  Iowa,  respectively.  They  lived  in  Colo- 
rado until  1880,  when  they  came  to  Washing- 
ton, settling  in  Asotin,  where  the  father  still 
lives.  The  mother  died  in  1890.  They  were 
the  parents  of  the  following  children :  John, 
George,  Herbert,  Bertha,  James,  Effie,  Emma, 
Ada,  Randal,  and  an  infant  deceased.  Our 
subject  received  his  early  education  in  Asotin, 
and  at  the  tender  age  of  twelve  years  started  in 
mining.  He  at  once  decided  upon  the  course 
that  he  would  follow  and  went  to  mining  in 
Nelson,  British  Columbia.  Three  years  later 
we  find  him  at  the  same  occupation  in  Cripple 
Creek,  Colorado,  whence  one  year  later  he  went 
to  Butte,  Alontana,  and  mined  for  two  years. 
Then  he  returned  to  British  Columbia  and  in 
1896  began  mining  in  northern  Washington. 
After  one  year  he  had  charge  of  the  Skookum 
mines  in  Stevens  county  and  in  1897  took 
charge  of  the  King  Gold  &  Copper  Alining 
Company,  in  the  management  of  which  he  is 
engaged  at  the  present  time.  Air.  Tuttle.  in 
addition  to  owning  the  controlling  interest  in 
the  King  mine,  is  heavily  interested  in  certain 
coal  properties  and  other  mines  in  this  section. 
In  the  King  he  sunk  three  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  of  shaft  and  drove  six  hundred  feet  of 
tunneling  and  made  other  improvements  which 
cost  him  about  thirty-five  thousand  dollars. 
The  company  is  now  in  a  position  to  begin 
shipping,  and  are  putting  in  a  concentrator. 
This  property  is  without  doubt  the  best 
equipped  mine  in  the  county.  Among  some  of 
the  installed  machinery  may  be  mentioned  an 
electric  light  plant,  a  ten  drill  air  compressor, 
three  fifty  horsepower  boilers,  machine  drills, 
and  steam  pumps.  The  plant  is  capable  of 
handling  the  mine  until  a  depth  of  eleven  hun- 
dred feet  has  been  attained.  In  all  these  mat- 
ters Air.  Tuttle  has  shown  the  practical  judg- 
ment   and    executive    al^ilitv    that    have    sur- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


337 


mounted  every  difficulty  and  brought  to  the 
present  consummation  his  work  of  improve- 
ment, thus  far.  Pohtically  Mr.  Tuttle  is  a 
Democrat,  and  in  fraternal  affiliations  he  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and 
K.  O.  T.  M. 


RALPH  A.  SLOCUM  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  of  Stevens  county,  whose  indus- 
try and  wisdom  have  won  a  goodly  holding  in 
property.  He  lives  nine  miles  northwest  from 
Valley  and  does  general  farming  and  raises 
stock. 

Ralph  A.  Slocum  was  bom  in  Lincoln, 
Nebraska,  on  September  4,  1872,  the  son  of 
J.  D.  and  Olive  A.  (Day)  Slocum,  natives  of 
Illinois.  The  family  came  to  Iowa  from  Illi- 
nois, then  went  on  to  Nebraska,  later  to  Kan- 
sas, and  finally,  after  also  living  in  Missouri, 
they  returned  to  Iowa.  In  1889  the  father 
came  to  Washington  and  the  next  year  the  rest 
of  the  family  came  also.  Location  was  made  in 
Valley,  where  the  father  was  installed  as  post- 
master, which  position  he  still  holds.  They 
were  the  parents  of  five  children,  ^lark  L.,  Ida, 
Ralph,  Blanche,  Vernon.  Mr.  J.  D.  Slocum 
enlisted  in  Company  H,  Fifteenth  Iowa,  in 
what  was  known  as  Crocker's  Brigade.  He 
served  over  four  years,  receiving  an  honorable 
discharge  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Among  the 
battles  in  which  he  participated,  we  may  men- 
tion Shiloh,  Corinth,  as  well  as  several  others, 
while  in  skirmishing  he  did  much  active  work. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  various 
places  where  the  family  lived  and  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-four  years 
of  age.  Then  he  took  a  position  as  section 
foreman  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  and 
eight  months  later  returned  to  Valley  and  ac- 
cepted a  position  in  the  United  States  marble 
quarries.  In  1894  he  selected  his  present  place 
and  took  the  same  by  squatter's  right.  Since 
that  time  Mr.  Slocum  has  devoted  himself  to 
the  improvement  and  development  of  his  place 
and  he  now  has  twenty-five  acres  under  culti- 
vation and  raises  hay  and  general  crops  and 
handles  stock. 

On  June  15,  1901,  Mr.  Slocum  married 
Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Walter  and  Jennie 
(Swan)  Craven,  natives  of  England  and  Scot- 
land, respectively.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  children,  three  of  whom  are  living,  as  fol- 
22 


lows:  Elizabeth,  Nellie  G.,  and  Alice.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Slocum  have  two  children,  Walter 
and  Florence.  Mr.  Slocum  is  a  Republican  and 
active  in  the  interests  of  his  party.  He  has 
been  deputy  assessor  and  is  road  supervisor  of 
his  district.  He  is  also  clerk  of  the  school 
board  and  is  keenly  interested  in  educational 
matters.  Mr.  Slocum  is  affiliated  with  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.  and  is  a  man  well  known  and  has 
hosts  of  friends. 


SHEBA  R.  EVA  has  traveled  over  a  great 
portion  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  as 
well  as  in  England.  He  has  a  large  experience 
in  various  walks  of  the  world  and  being  a  man 
of  practical  ideas,  has  gained  much  to  make 
him  successful  in  the  battle  of  life. 

Sheba  R.  Eva  was  bom  in  Cornwall,  Eng- 
land, on  March  31,  1862,  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth  (Reed)  Eva,  natives  of  England, 
where  the  mother  still  lives,  the  father  having 
passed  away  in  1879.  The  family  is  one  of  the 
oldest  on  record,  being  able  to  trace  their  ances- 
tors on  the  mother's  side  in  direct  line  to  Will- 
iam the  Conqueror.  Our  subject  was  one  of 
thirteen  children,  eight  of  whom  are  still  living, 
as  follows :  Joseph,  Josiah,  Elizabeth,  Eph- 
raim,  Richard,  Sheba,  Annie,  and  Margret  J. 
In  the  district  school  at  Wheal  Ruby 
Sheba  R.  received  his  education  and  at  the 
early  age  of  eleven  took  up  mail  carrying, 
being  the  youngest  one  to  occupy  that  responsi- 
ble position.  After  that  he  learned  the  carpen- 
ter trade  and  followed  it  in  England  until  he 
was  twenty-one,  when  he  came  to  the  New 
England  states.  In  1889  he  went  thence  to 
Seattle  and  in  that  city,  Portland,  Astoria,  and 
various  other  places,  wrought  at  his  trade  with 
good  success.  In  the  fall  of  1893  he  went  to 
British  Columbia  and  later  returned  to  the  Big 
Bend  country.  In  1901  he  prospected  on  the 
south  half  and  now  has  some  claims  adjoining 
the  Gold  Mountain,  which  show  high  values, 
assays  running  as  high  as  one  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars  per  ton.  He  has  a  quarter  section 
of  land  where  he  now  li\'es  and  does  general 
farming,  together  with  mining  and  contracting 
in  building. 

In  April,  1903,  Mr.  Eva  married  ]\Irs.  Annie 
Phillips,  who  has  five  children  by  her  former 
husband,    George,     Elizabeth,     Winefred     E., 


338 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Josepli  W.,  and  Sheba  L.  Politically  Mr.  Eva 
is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and  takes  a  good 
interest  in  the  questions  of  the  day.  Jilr.  Eva 
is  a  member  of  the  Episcopalian  church. 


GEORGE  E.  WRIGHT  resides  five  miles 
nortiiwest  from  \'alley  and  is  known  as  one  of 
the  prosperous  and  leading  farmers  and  stock- 
men of  the  county.  He  was  born  in  Gray 
county,  Ontario,  on  June  25,  1859,  the  son  of 
Tliorpe  and  Eliza  (James)  Wright,  natives 
of  Canada,  where  they  now  live.  They  are  the 
parents  of  five  children,  named  as  follows : 
George,  Emily,  John  T.,  Sarah  E.,  and  Thorpe 
E.  The  excellent  and  world  famed  schools  of 
Ontario  gave  to  our  subject  his  educational 
training  and  the  first  twenty-four  years  of  his 
life  were  spent  under  the  parental  roof.  Then 
came  the  important  time  when  he  should  inaug- 
urate independent  action  and  young  Wright 
stepped  out  into  the  world.  For  nine  years  he 
traveled  in  the  west  and  south,  after  which  he 
selected  Stevens  county  as  his  abiding  place  and 
at  once  secured  a  half  section  of  land,  where  he 
now  lives.  He  began  operations  as  a  stockman 
and  soon  had  a  nice  band  of  cattle.  He  im- 
proved his  place  and  has  bought  and  sold  some 
land  since  that  time.  The  home  place  is  now- 
well  improved  and  he  raises  stock  and  does 
general  farming.  In  1901  Mr.  Wright  became 
interested  in  the  marble  deposits  of  Stevens 
county  and  having  discovered  some  excellent 
property  on  Box  Canyon,  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
river,  he  located  four  hundred  acres.  This  has 
proved,  upon  development,  to  be  a  fine  bed  of 
as  good  marble,  the  experts  say,  as  is  to  be 
found  in  the  world.  ]\Ir.  W^right  is  possessed 
of  the  determination  and  executive  ability  to 
handle  this  property  as  it  should  be  and  is  now 
installing  the  proper  machinery  to  develop  it 
and  put  the  finished  product  on  the  market.  It 
is  bound  to  be  one  of  the  great  producers  of 
the  entire  northwest  and  the  management  is 
laying  the  foundation  broad  and  deep. 

Mr.  Wright  married  in  1888,  and  Miss 
Maud,  daughter  of  Orin  and  Helen  (Dunbar) 
Belknap,  became  his  bride  on  that  occasion. 
Mr.  Belknap  is  a  native  of  New  York,  while 
his  wife  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  They  came 
west  in  1881  and  located  at  Kettle  Falls,  where 
they  now  reside.     The  following  named  chil- 


dren were  born  to  them:  Byron  A.,  Willis, 
Maud,  Bruce,  Paul.  Echo,  and  Arthur.  To 
Air.  and  Mrs.  Wright  six  children  have  been 
born,  Ethel,  Edwin,  Willis,  Bruce,  Hellen,  and 
Byron.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  'Wright  are  devout 
members  of  the  Seventh  Day  Adventist  church 
and  are  highly  respected  people. 


JOHN  C.  PLATTS  is  well  known  in  the 
Colville  valley  as  one  of  the  industrious  and 
capable  men,  whose  labors  have  resulted  in  tlie 
development  and  impro\ement  of  the  county 
until  it  is  one  of  the  leading  counties  of  the 
state  today.  He  dwells  about  eight  miles  south- 
west from  Chewelah  and  devotes  himself  to 
farming  now,  although  previously  he  has  done 
much  sawmilling. 

John  C.  Platts  was  born  in  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Canada,  on  June  18,  1862,  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Ellen  (Crockett)  Platts,  natives 
of  the  same  place  and  of  English  and  Scotch 
ancestry,  respectively.  The  ancestral  families 
were  both  well  to  do  and  prominent  people. 
The  immediate  parents  of  our  subject  passed 
their  lives  in  their  native  place  and  raised 
twelve  children,  Margret,  Marv  E.,  William 
O.,  John  C.  J.  H..  Thomas.  Robert,  Russell, 
Fred,  Henry.  Andrew,  and  Eliza.  The  schools 
of  the  island  contributed  the  educational  train- 
ing of  our  subject  and  when  eighteen  years  of 
age  he  left  the  family  home  and  began  to  do 
for  himself.  He  learned  the  canning  trade  and 
followed  it  for  three  years,  after  which  he  went 
to  Minnesota  and  later  became  engaged  in 
freighting  for  the  Canadian  Pacific.  Next  we 
see  him  at  Rat  Portage,  then  in  Dakota,  whence 
in  1888  he  came  to  Spokane.  He  located  at 
Laprey  bridge,  below  that  city,  then  later  came 
to  Stevens  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
railroading  and  saw  milling.  He  finally  took 
charge  of  James  INIonnaghan's  farm,  in  the 
Colville  valley.  Following  this,  Mr.  Platts 
conducted  a  livery  business  and  then  turned 
his  attention  to  mining  in  British  Columbia. 
He  handled  the  ores  for  the  Payne  mines  for 
four  years  under  contract  and  then  came  to 
his  present  location. 

In  1892  Mr.  Platts  married  iMiss  Clara, 
daughter  of  J.  C.  and  Eliza  (Prevorse) 
Wright,  natives  of  Michigan.  They  came  to 
Spokane  when  it  was  but  a  shanty  town  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


339 


now  dwell  in  Stevens  county.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  our  subject,  Jesse,  Jocie, 
Dorothy,  and  John.  Mr.  Platts  is  a  firm  Re- 
publican and  has  always  endea\-ored  to  uphold 
those  principles  he  believes  for  the  good  of  the 
community  and  state.  He  was  delegate  to  the 
count}'  convention  in  1894,  and  was  marshal  of 
Chewelah  in  1895-6.  Mr.  Platts  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Miners"  Union. 


GEORGE  E.  ADAMS  is  one  of  the 
younger  enterprising  men  of  Stevens  county 
and  deserves  to  be  classed  in  this  work  as  one 
of  its  upbuilders.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and 
industry,  as  is  evidenced  by  his  property  hold- 
ings. George  E.  Adams  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England  on  June  6.  1870,  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Mary  J.  (Reese)  Adams,  natives  of  Eng- 
land and  who  are  specifically  mentioned  in  an- 
other portion  of  this  work.  When  our  subject 
was  one  year  old  his  father  came  to  this  coun- 
try and  the  following  year  he  came  with  his 
mother.  They  located  in  Olmstead  county, 
Minnesota  and  there  and  in  Dodge  county  of 
the  same  state  he  recei\-ed  his  educational 
training.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  began 
to  do  for  himself  and  learned  the  stone  cutter's 
trade  from  his  father.  After  several  years  he 
followed  this  trade  in  Illinois  and  Dakota  and 
in  1889  came  to  Spokane  where  he  continued 
working  at  his  trade.  He  also  wrought  at 
Medicaf  Lake.  Colfax,  JNIoscow,  and  other 
places  adjacent  to  Spokane.  In  1891  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  and  prospected  until  1895 
then  he  took  a  homestead  where  he  now  lives, 
five  miles  west  from  Valley.  Forty  acres  of  the 
farm  are  now  under  culti\-ation  and  he  does 
general  farming  and  raises  stock.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  occupation,  Mr.  Adams  devotes  him- 
self to  mining  and  logging. 

In  1897  Mr.  Adams  married  Miss  Eliza, 
daughter  of  John  and  Jane  (Davis)  Tate,  na- 
tives of  England  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
In  1878  they  came  to  Medical  Lake  where  the 
father  now  lives,  the  mother  passing  away  in 
1888.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, Thomas  R.,  Edna,  Elizabeth,  Martha,  de- 
deceased,  Anna,  Deth,  deceased,  Edward,  John, 
Ivy,  deceased,  Ray,  and  an  infant  unnamed,  de- 
ceased. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adams  three  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  two  of  whom  are  living 
as  follows :  Lela  L.,  and  Mabel  I.     In  political 


matters  Mr.  Adams  is  prominent  and  liberal, 
always  voting  for  the  man  and  principles  he 
believes  to  be  best  regardless  of  party  aflilia- 
tions.  Mrs.  Adams  is  a  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian church.  They  are  highly  respected  people 
and  stand  well  in  the  communitv. 


CHARLES  ADAMS.  In  at  least  three 
distinct  lines  of  enterprise  has  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  gained  success.  In  younger  days 
he  learned  the  trade  of  stone  cutter  and  followed 
it  for  a  good  many  years.  Recently  he  has 
taken  up  farming  and  at  the  present  time  he 
resides  about  three  miles  west  from  Valley 
where  he  does  both  general  farming  and  raises 
stock.  His  farm  consists  of  one  quarter  sec- 
tion which  lies  on  the  banks  of  Wate's  Lake. 
A  portion  of  the  land  is  under  cultivation  and 
his  fine  residence  together  with  barns,  fences, 
orchard,  and  so  forth  are  evidences  of  Mr. 
Adams'  skill  and  labor  since  settling  here. 

Charles  Adams  was  born  in  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, on  September  22,  1844.  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Elizabeth  (Croon)  Adams,  natives  of 
England,  where  they  remained  until  their  death, 
having  been  the  parents  of  eleven  children. 
The  father  was  a  successful  and  prominent  busi- 
ness man.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  his  native  country  being  especially  favored 
in  this  line.  The  first  twenty-one  years  of  his 
life  were  spent  with  his  father,  then  he  learned 
the  marble  cutting  trade,  as  stated  above.  After 
following  this  a  few  years  in  the  old  country 
he  came  to  America  in  1871,  locating  in  Minne- 
sota. He  continued  there  until  1899,  taking  vip 
stone  cutting  business  for  himself.  In  the  year 
last  mentioned  he  came  to  Washington  and  for 
one  year  was  in  the  employ  of  the  United  States 
IMarble  Company  of  Stevens  county,  then  lo- 
cited  on  the  farm  where  he  now  lives  and  has 
since  devoted  himself  to  farming  and  stock 
raising. 

Mr.  Adams  was  married  in  1867  to  Miss 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
(Jones)  Reese,  natives  of  Monmouth,  Eng- 
land where  they  remained  until  their  death. 
i\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Adams  are  the  parents  of  thirteen 
children,  twelve  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows  : 
Charles  W..  George  E.,  John  D.,  Mabel  E., 
Blanch  \'.,  Albert  E.,  Alice  M.,  William  H., 
Louisa  B..  Amos,  Ralph  E.,  and  Lloyd  R. 
Politically  Mr.  Adams  is  an  energetic  and  active 


340 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Democrat  and  is  always  laboring  for  the  ad- 
vancement and  welfare  of  the  community.  He 
has  been  road  supervisor  and  is  now  director 
of  his  school  district.  Fraternally  he  is  allied 
with  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  and  A.  O.  U.  \\\. 
while  Mrs.  Adams  belongs  to  the  D.  of  H. 
They  are  communicants  at  the  Episcopalian 
church. 


GEORGE  KINDORF  deserves  to  be 
classed  with  the  substantial  and  worthy  pion- 
eers of  the  Colville  valley,  since  he  has  endured 
the  hardships  of  this  life  while  laboring  assid- 
uously for  the  opening  of  the  country  and  the 
ingress  of  civilization  and  its  attendant  bene- 
fits. Although  many  others  had  lived  in  the 
valley  previous  to  his  advent,  still  he  came  to 
a  portion  that  was  entirely  new  when  he  arrived 
in  1886.  The  land  where  he  now  lives,  five 
miles  west  from  Valley,  was  a  wilderness  then 
and  its  improvement  and  subjugation  are  en- 
tirely due  to  the  industrious  labors  of  I\Ir.  Kin- 
dorf.  For  the  first  few  years  he  had  a  very  diffi- 
cult time  to  supply  the  necessaries  of  life,  there 
being  no  market  and  very  little  other  oppor- 
tunity to  secure  the  things  needed.  He  was 
enabled  by  dint  of  hard  labor  and  most  skill- 
ful management  to  pass  the  rapids,  and  by  im- 
proving his  property  a  little  each  year  he  has 
finally  come  to  have  one  of  the  valuable  estates 
of  the  valley,  which  produces  abundance  of 
varied  crops  each  year.  He  is  on  the  road  to  the 
United  States  marble  quarry  which  enables  him 
to  dispose  of  all  of  his  farm  produce  to  a  good 
advantage.  He  built  the  first  wagon  road  into 
this  section  and  has  really  opened  this  portion 
of  the  county.  Mr.  Kindorf  now  raises  abun- 
dance of  garden  stuff,  hay.  berries,  orchard 
fruits,  besides  dairy  productions,  and  is  also  giv- 
ing attention  to  raising  stock  and  doing  general 
farming.  He  has  good  and  comfortalile  build- 
ings of  all  kinds  needed  and  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous men  of  this  section.  In  addition  to  this 
property  mentioned,  Mr.  Kindorf  has  mining 
interests  which  are  proving  very  valuable.  He 
has  various  prospects  in  different  sections,  but 
the  marble  showings  he  possesses  are  proving 
to  be  excellent. 

George  Kindorf  was  born  in  Racine,  Wis- 
consin, on  February  26,  1858,  the  son  of  Chris 
and  Amelia  ( WVilf)  Kindorf,  natives  of  Ger- 
many.    They  came  to  America  in  i8so.  locat- 


ing in  Racine,  where  they  lived  the  balance  of 
their  lives.  The  father  did  a  general  butchering 
business  and  our  subject  received  excellent 
training  in  this  line.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  until  eighteen,  having  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  meantime.  Then  he  started  out  in 
life,  following  his  trade  for  four  years,  after 
which  he  came  west.  In  1880,  he  located  in 
Helena,  Montana,  where  he  spent  five  years. 
These  years  were  devoted  to  his  trade  and  then 
he  came  to  Stevens  county,  locating  as  stated 
above.  ]\Ir.  Kindorf  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Gus,  Edward,  Fred,  Artliur.  Amelia 
and  William. 


PETER  RASMUSSEN.  Many  of  our 
most  substantial  and  capable  citizens  have  come 
to  us  from  the  land  across  the  water.  Not  least 
among  this  class  are  those  from  Denmark, 
whence  comes  the  subject  of  this  article.  He 
was  born  in  Lolland,  on  October  24,  1862.  the 
son  of  Rasmus  and  Lena  Rasmussen,  natives 
of  Denmark,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  They  were  engaged  in  farming  and 
fishing  and  were  the  parents  of  five  children, 
Fred,  Carl,  Rasmus,  Sophie,  and  Peter.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  began 
to  learn  shipbuilding.  Four  years  were  spent 
in  this  occupation,  after  which  he  engaged  in 
farming  for  two  years,  then  served  in  the  army 
for  one  year.  The  year  1886  marked  the  date 
of .  his  immigration  to  the  United  States  and 
location  was  made  in  Wisconsin.  Here  he  did 
railroad  construction  work  for  a  short  time, 
then  repaired  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  where  he 
was  engaged  for  two  years.  In  1889  ^Ir.  Ras- 
mussen came  to  Ste\-ens  county  and  worked  on 
the  Spokane  Falls  and  Northern  railroad  con- 
struction, then  took  a  homestead  and  later  se- 
cured his  present  place.  He  has  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land,  forty  of  which  are 
under  cultivation  and  improved-  with  good 
buildings,  fences,  orchards,  and  so  forth.  In 
addition  to  general  farming,  Mr.  Rasmussen 
raises  stock  and  does  some  logging. 

On  Christmas  eve,  1899,  Mr.  Rasmussen 
married  Miss  Hattie  Johnson,  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Sweden.  She  came  to  this 
country  in  1884  and  her  marriage  occurred  at 
Chewelah.  One  child  has  been  born  to  them. 
Clara  L.     Mr.  Rasmussen  is  liberal  in  political 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


341 


matters  and  has  manifested  a  keen  interest  in 
educational  affairs,  while  at  the  present  time 
he  is  filhng  the  position  of  school  director. 


WILLIAM  A.  ATKIXSOX,  who  lives 
about  four  miles  west  from  Valley,  is  one  of 
the  substantial  and  well  to  do  men  of  the  sec- 
tion. He  has  resided  here  since  1891,  when  he 
secured  his  present  land  by  homestead  right 
and  to  the  development  of  this  he  has  devoted 
both  time  and  energy  since.  He  has  good  com- 
fortable buildings,  some  stock,  and  does  a  gen- 
eral farming  business.  Mr.  Atkinson  is  one 
of  the  well  respected  men  of  the  community 
and  has  been  for  years  chosen  by  his  fellows 
as  school  director  and  road  supervisor. 

William  A.  Atkinson  was  born  in  Blackford 
county,  Indiana,  on  August  11,  1849,  the  son 
of  Joseph  and  Catherine  (McCormick)  Atkin- 
son, natives  of  Pennsyh'ania  and  Ohio,  re- 
spectively, but  pioneers  to  Indiana,  where  they 
remained  the  balance  of  their  lives.  The  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  a  Baptist  clergyman 
and  his  father  was  a  farmer.  William  A.  was 
one  of  a  family  of  twelve  children.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-four. 
Then  he  went  to  Colorado  and  mined  for  some 
time,  returning  eventually  to  Indiana.  In 
1889  Mr.  Atkinson  came  to  Washington  and 
spent  the  first  two  years  in  Spokane.  In 
1 89 1  he  settled  on  his  present  farm  and  has 
made  a  good  home.  In  1897  Mr.  Atkinson 
bought  one  hundred  acres  of  land  from  the 
railroad  company  and  in  addition  to  handling 
this  large  estate  he  raises  stock,  of  which  he 
has  thirty  head  at  this  time. 

In  1874  Mr.  Atkinson  married  Miss  Julia 
A.  Carmin,  whose  parents  were  natives  of 
Ohio,  and  pioneers  to  Indiana,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Atkinson,  two  children  have  been  born,  Joseph 
and  Catherine,  both  at  home.  I\Ir.  Atkinson  is 
an  active  Republican  and  is  a  substantial  and 
respected  man. 


TH0:MAS  E.  MORRISON  resides  six 
mives  north  from  \^alley  and  is  known  as  one 
of  the  substantial  and  prosperous  farmers  and 
stockmen  of  the  section.     He  is  a  man  of  up- 


rightness and  is  always  allied  on  the  side  of  the 
substantial  development  and  material  progress 
of  the  community,  while  he  also  labors  assid- 
uously for  the  success  of  his  own  private  enter- 
prises. 

Thomas  E.  Morrison  was  born  in  Port 
Hope,  Canada,  on  May  25,  1875,  the  son  of 
Thomas  R.  and  Sarah  (Stapels)  Morrison, 
natives  of  Canada  and  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  in  1877.  They  located  first  in 
New  York  and  in  1890  came  to  Butte,  Mon- 
tana, where  they  lived  eight  years,  then  re- 
moved to  Helena,  where  they  now  reside.  They 
are  the  parents  of  eleven  children.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  Rochester,  New  York, 
and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to  work  in  a 
large  box  factory  in  that  city.  Three  years 
were  spent  in  that  business  and  then  he  gave 
himself  to  the  plumbing  trade.  After  two  and 
one-half  years  at  that,  he  went  to  work  in  the 
Anaconda  mines  and  three  months  later  re- 
turned to  Rochester.  After  one  winter  there 
he  came  again  to  the  west,  locating  in  Butte, 
and  engaging  in  the  concentrator.  Five  years 
were  spent  at  this  and' then  he  went  to  Virginia 
City  and  worked  in  the  mines  until  the  date  of 
his  settlement  in  Stevens  county.  Since  then 
he  has  devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Morrison  and  Miss 
Vina  Lamb  occurred  in  1899  and  to  them  one 
son  has  been  born,  Henry.  Mrs.  Morrison's 
parents,  George  and  Anna  (Medsger)  Lamb, 
are  natives  of  Missouri,  and  came  west  in  1891. 
They  are  now  living  in  Virginia  City,  Mon- 
tana, and  are  the  parents  of  six  ehildren.  Mr. 
]\Iorrison  is  an  active  Republican  and  is  a  be- 
liever in  good  government  and  strong.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W. 


JOHN  M.  ERASE  resides  about  three 
milies  northwest  from  Valley  and  does  lumber- 
ing and  deals  in  wood.  He  was  born  in  Wayne 
county,  Ohio,  on  June  4,  1852,  the  son  of  David 
and  Elizabeth  (Maxwell)  Erase,  natives  of 
Ohio,  where  they  remained  until  their  death. 
Our  subject  was  one  of  nine  children  and  re- 
ceived his  education  in  his  native  place.  When 
eighteen,  he  started  out  in  life  for  himself  and 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  Following  this 
he  did  coal   mining  then   farmed   for  several 


342 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


years,  after  which  he  did  a  general  junk  busi- 
ness in  Kansas,  Missouri,  and  Nebraska.  In 
1880,  he  came  to  Utah  and  did  lumbering  at 
an  altitude  of  twelve  thouand  feet.  Then  he 
went  to  old  Mexico  to  build  a  railroad  and  dur- 
ing this  trip  he  had  some  hard  experiences.  On 
one  occasion  he  was  compelled  to  travel  two 
hundred  and  twenty-seven  miles,  carrying  his 
outfit  and  food  with  him.  One  night  he  was 
treed  by  a  bear  and  as  it  was  in  January  and 
very  cold,  he  froze  his  hands  and  feet  badly. 
For  six  months  he  wrought  as  foreman  on  the 
Santa  Fe  railroad  and  then  returned  to  Ne- 
braska and  spent  one  winter  hunting  on  the 
Platte  river.  Securing  a  choice  location  he 
took  a  homestead  and  for  twelve  years  did 
farming  there.  Then  he  rigged  emigrant 
wagons  and  with  his  brother  traveled  over  por- 
tions of  Missouri  and  Kansas.  In  1900,  Mr. 
Frase  came  to  Washington  and  located  where 
we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  He  pur- 
chased his  present  place  and  has  given  his  en- 
tire time  to  lumbering  and  getting  out  wood. 

Mr.  Frase  is  a  good  solid  Democrat  and  has 
always  pulled  for  his  principles  straight.  He 
has  served  in  the  capacity  of  road  supervisor 
and  is  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  well  re- 
spected by  all.  Mr.  Frase  is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church. 


WILLI.\^I  J.  T.WLOR  is  a  thrifty  and 
well  to  do  farmer  and  dairyman  residing  three 
miles  west  from  Valley.  He  has  a  generous 
estate  of  four  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  which 
is  divided  between  hay,  general  farming,  past- 
ure and  timber  and  which  in  every  department 
manifests  the  pain.staking  care  of  the  proprie- 
tor, who  was  wrought  out  a  model  place  from 
the  wilderness.  He  owns  about  forty  head  of 
cattle,  twenty-five  head  of  sheep  and  other 
stock.  Mr.  Taylor  is  increasing  his  dairy  pro- 
ducts and  is  a  first  class  producer  in  this  im- 
portant branch. 

\^'illiam  J.  Taylor  was  born  in  Lincolnshire, 
England,  on  August  12,  1855,  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Sarah  (^loisey)  Taylor,  natives  also 
of  England.  They  remained  in  their  native 
land  until  death  and  had  lieen  the  parents  of 
three  children,  Sarah  Parker.  Mary  Longland. 
and  AV..J.,  our  subject.  The  educational  train- 
ing of  our  sul)ject  was  received  in  his  native 
land  and  he  remained  under  the  parental  rnnf 


until  he  had  attained  his  eighteenth  year.  Then 
Mr.  Taylor  determined  to  try  his  fortune  in 
the  new  world  and  accordingly  came  to  Amer- 
ica, locating  in  Buffalo.  New  York,  where  he 
remained  for  five  years.  Then  he  went  to 
Becker  county.  Minnesota,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  The  year  1884  marks  the  date  when 
Mr.  Taylor  came  to  Washington.  He  located 
first  in  Sprague  where  he  was  employed  as  sales- 
man in  a  general  merchandise  establishment  for 
four  years.  Then  he  took  up  dairying  and  for  a 
decade  did  real  well  at  it.  At  the  end  of  that 
period  he  came  to  his  present  location  and  has 
been  here  assiduously  engaged  in  the  occupa- 
tions mentioned  since  that  time.  He  has  met 
with  success  and  his  prosperity  is  the  result 
of  his  energv'.  wisdom  and  thrift. 

In  1876  Mr.  Taylor  married  Miss  Christina 
Tanner,  who  died  in  1889,  leaving  six  children  : 
Ed.  married  and  living  in  Stevens  county; 
William ;  Lewis ;  Emma ;  Ernest ;  and  Charles, 
deceased.  In  1894  Mr.  Taylor  married  Mrs. 
Jennie_  Craven,  widow  of  Walter  Craven.  She 
had  three  children  by  her  former  husband : 
Alice;  Nellie,  wife  of  Lew  Weathernox;  and 
Bessie,  wife  of  Ralph  Slocum,  the  last  two  in 
Stevens  county.  Mr.  Taylor  is  an  active  and 
well  informed  Democrat  and  always  evinces  an 
interest  in  the  questions  of  the  day.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  while  Mrs. 
Taylor  is  a  member  of  the  Eastern  Star  and  the 
Methodist  church. 


ED  A.  FR.\SE  lives  four  miles  northwest 
from  Valley  and  does  farming  and  lumbering. 
He  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  on  IMarch 
10,  1859,  the  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth 
(Maxwell)  Frase,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  set- 
tled in  Wayne  county  in  an  early  day  and  there 
remained  until  the  day  of  their  death.  The 
mother  passed  away  in  1897,  the  father  two 
years  later.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine 
children  as  follows:  C.  I..  John  M.,  J.  M..  de- 
ceased, R.  R.,  Ed  A.,  T.  B.,  D.  F..  W.  H.  and 
E.  C.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
county  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  had  during  this 
time  become  master  of  the  carpenter's  trade 
from  his  father.  He  went  to  Illinois  v>here  he 
farmed  for  two  years ;  after  which  he  removed 
to  Nebraska  and  did  farming  and  carpentering 
for  fifteen  years.    Following  this,  he  rigged  out 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


343 


a  prairie  schooner  and  with  his  wife  and  six 
children  traveled  through  Nebraska  and  Kan- 
sas, wintering  the  first  year  in  the  Ozark  moun- 
tains, in  ^Missouri.  Next  year  he  started  with 
his  outfit  to  Ohio  and  remained  there  one  year 
during  which  time  his  mother  died.  Then  they 
returned  to  north  jNIissouri,  whence  two  years 
later  the}-  went  to  Minnesota  where  he  sold  his 
outfit  and  came  by  rail  to  Spokane,  Washing- 
ton. For  eighteen  months  he  followed  his  trade 
then  they  came  to  Stevens  county,  locating 
where  we  find  them  at  the  present  time.  In 
addition  to  general  farming,  'Sir.  Frase  does 
considerable  logging  and  lumbering. 

In  1 88 1,  ]\Ir.  Frase  married  Miss  Lillie  C, 
daughter  of  R.  B.  and  Rofelda  M.  (Tabor) 
Kelley,  natives  of  Illinois.  In  1874  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Kelley  removed  to  Nebraska  where  the 
father  was  killed  in  1882,  while  as  sheriff  he 
was  attempting  to  arrest  a  horsethief.  The 
mother  still  lives  in  Whiteside  county,  Illinois, 
caring  for  her  mother  who  is  seventy-seven 
years  of  age.  They  were  the  parents  of  three 
children :  Lillian  C,  Mary  E.,  and  Grace.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frase  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing children:  Mary  B.,  Albert  J.,  E.  Pearl, 
Ernest  and  Earl  twns,  Jessie  Warren,  deceased, 
Effie  M.,  deceased,  and  Edna  R..  Mr.  Frase  is 
an  enthusisatsic  Bryan  Democrat  and  is  always 
at  the  front  in  political  maters.  He  has  been 
road  supervisior  several  times,  and  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 


WILLIAM  R.  COLTER  is  one  of  the  ac- 
tive and  progressive  residents  of  Stevens 
county.  His  farm  is  located  six  miles  north- 
east from  Valley  and  was  secured  by  homestead 
right.  He  devotes  himself  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits almost  entirely  and  is  one  of  the  well  re- 
spected men  of  the  valley. 

William  R.  Colter  was  born  in  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  on  April  18,  1857,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam H.  and  Minerva  (Smith)  Colter,  natives 
of  Ohio_  and  pioneers  to  Indiana  where  they 
remained  until  their  death.  They  were  the 
parents  of  five  children.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  in  his  native  county  and  at  the 
tender  age  of  twelve  started  out,  assuming  the 
responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  His  first 
venture  was  in  the  city  of  Chicago  where  he 
sold  papers  and  blacked  boots  until  the  great 


fire.  Then  he  came  to  Keokuk  county,  Iowa, 
and  was  engaged  in  various  occupations  for  si.-^c 
years.  Then  he  removed  to  another  portion 
of  the  state  and  farmed  for  eight  years.  At  tlie 
expiration  of  that  time  he  came  to  Seattle 
where  he  lived  until  1895.  I"  that  year  he 
began  a  trip  of  exploration  that  took  him  all 
through  the  Big  Bend  country,  eastern  Wash- 
ington, Idaho  and  Oregon.  The  entire  journey 
was  made  on  horseback  and  finally  Mr.  Colter 
located  at  Colville,  in  the  spring  of  1896  and 
took  a  piece  of  unsurveyed  land  by  a  squatter's 
right  and  began  the  good  work  of  improve- 
ment. Three  years  were  spent  in  these  labors, 
but  when  the  land  was  surveyed  he  failed  to 
get  to  the  land  office  in  season  and  a  supposed 
friend  of  his  jumped  the  land  and  took  it  away 
from  him.  He  thereby  lost  his  entire  im- 
provements. Mr.  Colter  was  engaged  vari- 
ously until  1900,  when  he  located  his  present 
place.  In  addition  to  his  farm  work,  he  docs 
considerable  timbering  and  other  labors.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  Republican  and  in  fraternal 
affiliations  he  is  a  member  of  the  M.  ^V.  A. 
He  is  serving  his  third  term  in  the  office  of 
banker  of  that  order.  Mr.  Colter  has  never 
seen  fit  to  forsake  the  quiet  joys  and  retire- 
ments of  the  bachelor's  life  for  the  uncertain 
sea  of  matrimonv. 


FRANK  BANKS  is  one  of  the  industrious 
agriculturists  of  Stevens  county  and  his  home 
is  four  miles  northwest  of  Westbranch  post- 
office.  ]\Ir.  Banks  devotes  himself  to  farming 
and  has  a  very  well  improved  property.  He 
was  born  in  Lucas  county,  Ohio,  on  October 
12,  1855,  the  son  of  Seth  S.  and  Elizabeth 
(Smith)  Banks,  natives  of  Pennslvania  and 
Elaine,  respectively.  The  father  died  when 
Frank  was  a  very  small  boy,  leaving  the  fol- 
lowing children :  Sarah  J.,  William,  Norbert, 
Seth  and  Frank.  The  family  removed  from 
Pennsylvania  to  Ohio  in  early  days  and  in 
Toledo  of  the  latter  state  our  subject  received 
his  education.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  much 
time  had  to  be  spent  in  labor  he  was  favored 
with  very  scant  opportunity  for  educational 
training.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  }ears  he 
started  out  in  life  for  himself,  going  to  Illinois 
where  he  labored  on  the  farm.  Later  we  see 
him  in  Alissouri,  then  in  Kansas,  which  latter 


344 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


place  was  liis  home  until  1S89.  There  he  took 
a  pre-emption  which  he  still  owns.  Following 
this  we  see  him  in  Arkansas  whence  he  re- 
turned to  Kansas  going  thence  to  the  Cherokee 
strip  where  he  lived  for  five  years.  After  that 
we  see  him  in  Missouri,  again  in  Kansas  and 
finally  in  1900  he  came  to  his  present  place. 
He  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and 
raising  stock.  Mr.  Banks  is  very  favorably  im- 
pressed with  the  county  and  its  resources  and 
expects  to  make  this  his  home.  He  is  an  active 
Republican  and  a  man  well  posted  in  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day. 


FREDRICK  HEPPE  dwells  about  twen- 
ty-two miles  north  from  Westbranch  upon  a 
valuable  piece  of  land  where  he  settled  in  1892, 
the  property  then  being  unsurveyed  and  wild. 
By  clearing  and  other  labors,  Mr.  Heppe  has 
improved  the  larger  portion  of  his  land  into  a 
fiirst-class  meadow,  which  produces  above  one 
hundred  tons  of  hay  each  year.  He  has  erected 
good  buildings,  as  residence,  barns,  and  so 
forth.  In  addition  to  raising  hay,  Mr.  Heppe 
does  general  farming  and  handles  stock.  He 
has  some  very  fine  thoroughbred  Shornhorn 
animals  and  has  been  very  successful  in  the 
introduction  of  high  grade  stock  into  this  coun- 
try. He  is  a  substantial  man  and  a  good  citi- 
zen and  one  of  the  prosperous  property  owners 
of  Stevens  county.  The  entire  estate  mani- 
fests in  every  detail,  the  thrift,  energy  and  skill 
of  its  owner. 

Fredrick  Heppe  was  born  in  Hessen,'  Ger- 
many on  January  4,  1846,  the  son  of  Jacob  W. 
and  Fredericka  W.  (Rauer)  Heppe,  natives  of 
■  Germany,  where  they  remained  all  their  lives. 
They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  named 
children :  Margreta  F.,  Dora,  Henry,  Lizzie 
W.,  Willimina  and  Fredrick.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  na- 
tive place  and  remained  with  his  father  until 
nineteen.  In  1886,  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  located  in  New  York,  where  for 
seven  years  he  followed  his  trade  of  mason, 
having  become  an  e.xpert  in  the  business  in  the 
old  country.  He  traveled  from  New  York  to 
New  Jersey  and  did  contracting  and  building. 
Seven  years  later  he  went  to  Indiana  and  did 
both  mason  work  and  farming  for  five  years, 
after  which,  he  went  to  Missouri  and  farmed. 
Later  we  find  him  tilling  the  soil  in  Kansas  but 


as  the  grasshoppers  ate  all  his  crops,  he  came 
to  Washington  in  1881.  He  farmed  and  fol- 
lowed his  trade  in  this  state  also  and  nearly  all 
the  brick  and  stone  work  in  Cheney,  previous 
to  1892,  was  his  handiwork.  In  1892,  Mr. 
Heppe  came  to  Stevens  county  and  located  on 
his  present  place,  since  which  time  he  has  de- 
voted himself  to  farming  and  stock  raising. 

In  1870,  Mr.  Heppe  married  Miss  Fredricka 
W.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Klocksum) 
Kahsborn,  natives  of  Germany,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death,  having  been  the  par- 
ents of  five  children.  To  our  subject  and  his 
wife  the  following  named  children  have  been 
born:  Charley  H.,  in  Stevens  county;  Anna 
M.,  wife  of  William  Plum,  in  Lincoln  county; 
Fredericka  W.,  wife  of  T.  Penelton,  in  Lincoln 
county;  William  and  Mary  with  their  parents; 
Louis  W.,  in  Latah,  Washington;  and  Bessie 
L.  with  her  parents.  Mr.  Heppe  is  a  good,  ac- 
tive Republican  and  has  for  many  years  been 
road  supervisor  and  school  director.  He  was 
appointed  forest  inspector  in  1900,  but  refused 
to  qualif}'.  Fraternally,  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  I.  O.'O.  F.  and  with  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  In 
church  relations  Mr.  Heppe  is  a  Mormon,  while 
his  wife  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian  denom- 
ination. 


BENJAMIN  S.  STURGIS  resides  on  the 
banks  of  the  Sachene  or  Rocky  Ford  lake, 
where  he  has  an  estate  of  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres.  It  is  an  ideal  place  for  a  sum- 
mer resort  and  Mr.  Sturgis  has  on  hand  a  large 
quota  of  boats  and  so  forth,  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  visitors.  He  does  general  farming 
and  raises  stock  and  gives  much  attention  to 
timber  cruising,  having  located  a  number  of 
parties  in  the  last  five  years.  Mr.  Sturgis  set- 
tled on  his  place  in  1897,  it  being  then  unsur- 
veyed. Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  himself 
steadily  to  the  occupation  mentioned  and  to  im- 
proving the  farm  in  a  becoming  manner.  To 
the  original  homestead  he  added  eighty  acres 
of  railroad  land,  by  purchase. 

Benjamin  S.  Sturgis  was  born  in  Bed- 
ford, Iowa,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary 
(Shannon)  Sturgis.  The  father  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  on  the  Arkansa.^  ri\er  in 
1862,  the  mother,  who  is  a  relative  of  ex-Gov- 
ernor A.  Shannon,  of  Ohio,  is  now  living  in 
Spokane  county,   Washington.     He  had   four 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


345 


children :  Willie  H.,  Orlando  R.,  Nervesta,  de- 
ceased and  Benjamin.  Our  subject's  father 
was  a  nephew  of  the  first  large  dealer  in  wheat 
in  Chicago,  namely  Dan  Sturgis.  Benjamin 
Sturgis  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  in 
Kansas  and  when  se\-enteen  went  to  the  lead 
mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Joplin,  Missouri.  There 
he  bought  a  lead  mine  that  was  supposed  to  be 
worked  out  and  after  three  weeks  of  investiga- 
tion found  deposits  of  ore  which  made  it  one  of 
the  valuable  mining  properties  of  the  section. 
Six  years  later  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Texas 
for  his  health  where  he  bought  some  cattle  and 
drove  them  to  Colorado.  Later  we  see  him  in 
San  Francisco,  whence  he  came  to  Spokane 
county,  Washington  and  in  1897  he  came  to 
his  present  place  in  Stevens  county. 

On  February  7,  1901,  Mr.  Sturgis  married 
Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Hockersmith  of  Bloomfield, 
Iowa.  She  was  the  widow  of  Decatur  H. 
Hockersmith  and  has  two  children,  David  and 
Laura  L.  Mrs.  Sturgis'  maiden  name  was 
Maxwell.  Her  father  still  lives  in  Nebraska 
and  her  mother  is  deceased.  Mr.  Sturgis  is  a 
Republican  and  one  of  the  most  active  men  in 
political  affairs  in  this  section  of  the  county. 
Mrs.  Sturgis  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church. 


GEORGE  H.  MOON  is  certainly  entitled 
to  the  name  of  pioneer,  not  only  of  Stevens 
county  but  of  many  sections  now  in  the  east, 
where  he  labored  and  prospered  for  many 
years.  Mr.  Moon  is  a  man  whose  vast  experi- 
ence in  the  different  lines  of  life  and  with 
people  all  over  the  globe,  has  broadened  and 
made  substantial  and  progressive.  He  was 
born  in  Northampton.  Ohio,  on  January  25. 
1835,  ^^^^  son  of  Silas  and  Mary  (Russell) 
Moon,  natives  of  New  York  and  pioneers  to 
Ohio  in  1830.  Later  they  went  to  W^isconsin 
and  there  remained  until  their  death.  We  \\'ish 
to  note  the  important  fact  that  the  ancestors 
were  most  stanch  Americans  and  the  grand- 
fathers and  great-grandfathers  of  our  subject 
were  all  in  the  Revolution  and  three  of  them 
gave  their  lives  at  Bunker  Hill  for  the  cause  of 
freedom.  From  such  patriotic  and  noble  an- 
cestors as  these  comes  our  subject  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  chronicle  these 
facts.  George  H.  was  one  of  nine  children : 
William,  H.   G.,  Lucinda  Chase,   Abijah,  de- 


ceased, Julia,  Samuel,  A.  D.,  and  Mary  H. 
Dodge.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Ohio  and 
when  fourteen  went  to  sea.  For  three  years  he 
sailed  the  southern  seas,  visiting  almost  all 
known  ports  there.  After  a  visit  at  home  he 
again  went  to  sea  and  later  learned  the  car- 
penter trade,  and  in  1855  came  to  Wisconsin. 
He  spent  some  time  in  hunting  in  that  then  new 
country  and  in  i860  went  to  Iowa,  then  re- 
turned to  Wisconsin,  settling  near  Eau  Claire, 
whence  he  removed  to  Fergus  Falls,  Minne- 
sota and  in  1889,  he  journeyed  west  to  Wash- 
ington. He  first  settled  in  Spokane  and  later 
came  on  to  Stevens  county,  locating  twelve 
miles  west  from  Newport,  where  he  find  him  at 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Moon  has  a  good  place 
with  abundance  of  meadow  and  does  general 
farming  and  raises  stock.  The  place  is  well  im- 
proved and  shows  the  skill  and  thrift  of  the 
owner. 

In  1855,  Mr.  Moon  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Harriett  (Allen) 
Wells,  natives  of  New  York.  They  settled  in 
Ohio  and  later  came  to  Spokane  where  Mrs. 
Wells  died.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moon  nine  chil- 
dren have  been  bom,  the  following  named  still 
living:  Samuel,  Frank,  Emma  Hill  and  Hor- 
ace. Mr.  Moon  is  a  stanch  and  life  long  Demo- 
crat and  is  ever  active  in  the  domain  of  politics. 
He  is  and  has  been  school  director,  having 
served  seven  consecutive  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Moon  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


THOMAS  DAVIES  is  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  southeastern  portion  of  Stevens  county 
and  now  dwells  on  a  farm  of  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres,  fourteen  miles  west  from  New- 
port. He  has  a  large  meadow  and  also  handles 
stock,  doing  general  farming.  His  place  is 
improved  in  a  becoming  manner  and  is  one  of 
the  valuable  estates  of  this  section. 

Thomas  Da\-ies  was  born  in  Manchester, 
England,  on  November  3,  1853.  the  son  of 
David  J.  and  Eliza  (Skellhorn)  Davies,  natives 
of  England.  They  came  to  Canada  in  1863, 
locating  in  Toronto,  where  the  father  died  in 
1902,  the  mother  having  passed  away  in  1878. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  private  school  in 
England  and  in  the  public  schools  in  Toronto. 
When  nineteen  he  went  to  learn  the  brickmak- 
ing  business,  then  sold  flowers  for  a  gardner  in 


346 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Toronto.  Later  he  worked  tor  the  city  and 
after  this  spent  four  years  witli  tlie  Toronto 
Brewing  &  Malting  Company,  where  lie 
learned  the  art  of  skillful  brewing.  Then 
came  four  years  as  foreman  in  a  livery,  after 
which  he  came  to  northwest  Canada,  being 
there  during  the  Riel  rebellion.  In  1887,  Mr. 
Davies  was  in  Spokane  for  the  first  time  and 
one  year  later  he  sought  his  present  place  in 
Stevens  county.  He  used  the  squatter's  right 
and  later  bought  eighty  acres  more. 

The  marriage  of  ^Ir.  Davies  and  !Miss 
Colena  IMcLean  occurred  in  northwest  Can- 
ada, and  to  them  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren: David  W.,  Hugh  A.,  and  Cecelia  R. 
Mrs.  Davies'  parents,  Hugh  A.  and  Catherine 
(^IcLane)  McLean,  were  natives  of  Scotland. 
The  father  was  a  captain  on  the  great  lakes 
where  he  died,  being  buried  in  Chicago.  The 
mother,  with  this  daughter,  went  to  Manitoba, 
where  Mr.  Davies  met  his  future  wife.  Mr. 
Davies  is  liberal  in  political  matters  and  always 
evinces  a  keen  interest  in  the  afifairs  of  the 
community  and  state.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


JAMES  DAVIES  is  a  man  of  strong  char- 
acter, tenacity  of  purpose,  and  energy  as  will  be 
manifested  from  an  account  of  his  life.  He 
was  born  in  Manchester,  England,  the  son  of 
David  J.  and  Eliza  (Skillhorn)  Davies,  both 
natives  of  England,  and  of  Welsh  extraction. 
They  came  to  Canada  in  1859,  locating  in 
Toronto.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them : 
Thomas,  James,  who  is  our  subject,  Dave, 
Charles,  Samuel,  Edward  and  Sarah  Boterell. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Canada  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  seventeen  when 
he  went  to  northwest  Canada.  For  four  years 
he  was  there  in  the  midst  of  the  Riel  rebellion, 
engaged  in  government  service.  Then  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  on 
snow  shed  work,  and  later  was  in  Seattle.  Next 
we  see  Mr.  Davies  engaged  on  bridge  w-ork 
with  the  Northern  Pacific.  In  1889,  he  set- 
tled in  Stevens  county.  Later  he  sold  that 
place  and  bought  the  right  of  another  man. 
Improving  that  place  he  sold  it  and  finally 
selected  his  present  place,  about  fifteen  miles 
north  from  Westbranch.  He  has  one  hundred 
and  sixtv  acres  of  meadow  and  handles  stock 


and  hay.  The  farm  is  well  improved  with 
buildings,  fences,  and  so  forth,  and  lies  on  the 
county  road. 

In  1894,  Mr.  Davies  married  Miss  Clara, 
daughter  of  P.  N.  and  Elsa  (  Swensen)  Linder, 
natives  of  Sweden  and  mentioned  elsewhere  in 
this  volume.  Mr.  Davies  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can and  is  a  man  of  good  principles.  Mrs. 
Davies  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Mr.  Davies  had  to  do  an  immense  amount  of 
labor  to  get  started  in  this  section.  For  in- 
stance, when  he  desired  to  get  a  wagon  in,  there 
being  no  roads,  it  had  to  be  pulled  in,  in  pieces 
and  it  took  him  a  week  to  get  the  vehicle  on  his 
farm.  During  the  first  winter,  he  had  to  face 
the  question  of  existence.  The  snow  was  eleven 
feet  deep,  and  his  cattle  were  short  of  feed. 
In  fact,  they  were  without  feed.  He  could  get 
no  horses  to  pull  it  in,  and  the  snow  was  too 
deep,  even  if  he  could.  The  only  alternative 
was  to  go  and  pack  food  in  on  his  back.  This 
he  did,  and  for  one  week  he  was  so  busied  in  it, 
that  he  had  not  a  wink  of  sleep,  and  only  a 
short  stop  after  each  trip.  He  was  not  to  be 
defeated  in  this  race  for  the  life  of  his  stock 
and  he  succeeded  in  gaining  the  day,  although 
it  nearly  overwhelmed  him  to  do  it.  The  suc- 
cess that  such  a  person  deserves  is  coming  to 
Mr.  Davies  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  this  portion  of  the  county. 


PETER  N.  LINDER.  who  resides  thir- 
teen miles  north  from  W^estbranch,  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  men  of  Stevens  county  and  his 
labors,  bestowed  with  wisdom  and  energy,  have 
accomplished  the  success  that  he  is  now  richly 
enjoying.  He  was  born  in  Ousby  Christian- 
stadt  Ran.  Sweden,  on  April  7,  1849.  the  son 
of  Nels  I.  and  Bengta  (Olson)  Linder.  natives 
of  Sweden,  where  the  father  died  in  1899.  The 
mother  lives  at  Ousby,  that  country.  The  an- 
cestors on  both  sides  were  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful people  and  our  subject  is  no  exception 
to  the  rule.  He  has  five  brothers  and  sisters, 
Pernila,  Bangta,  Troed,  Matilda,  and  Hanna. 
Peter  N.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  fourteen,  when  he  began  working  out  on 
the  farms.  Later  he  operated  a  sawmill  and 
in  1880  he  came  to  Chicago.  He  was  occupied 
on  the  railroad,  then  in  the  coal  banks  in  Illi- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


347 


nois,  where  tlie  coal  was  on  the  top  of  the 
ground,  after  which  he  did  sawmilling  in  Wis- 
consin and  Duhith.  He  also  did  contracting 
on  the  Duluth  streets  and  then  came  to  Spokane. 
Mr.  Linder  then  bought  teams  and  did  express 
work  in  that  city  for  four  years.  After  that 
he  located  his  present  place,  then  unsurveyed, 
and  the  first  year  cut  twenty  tons  of  hay  which 
he  hauled  out  of  the  meadow  on  poles  by  hand. 
The  next  year  he  had  more  meadow,  and  sold 
two  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  butter  from 
se\'en  cows.  He  improved  the  place  and  gained 
more  stock  each  year,  until  he  now  has  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres  of  good  land,  eighty 
of  which  are  meadow,  forty  head  of  cattle,  a 
good  residence,  plenty  of  commodious  barns 
and  out  buildings,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  the  section.  Mr.  Linder  gave  his  son 
sixteen  head  of  stock  recently  when  he  went  to 
do  for  himself. 

In  1874  ]\Ir.  Linder  married  Miss  Elsa, 
daughter  of  Swen  and  Engret  (Johnson) 
Swenson,,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Mrs.  Linder  came  to 
this  country  in  1882,  two  years  after  her  hus- 
band. They  now  have  four  children,  Ernest 
T.,  at  Pateros,  Washington;  Clara,  wife  of 
James  Davis,  of  Callispell ;  Harry  and  Arthur, 
Mr.  Linder  is  a  man  of  good  ideas  and  in  politi- 
cal matters  is  allied  with  the  Republicans.  He 
was  elected  school  director  six  years  since  and 
is  still  in  that  capacity.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


ROSSETER  I.  TOWLE  is  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  the  Pend  d'Oreille  val- 
ley and  is  now  postmaster  of  Newport,  where 
also  he  does  a  general  merchandise  business, 
being  at  the  head  of  a  prosperous  establish- 
ment. He  is  a  man  of  genial  and  affable  ways 
and  has  won  for  himself  a  host  of  warm  friends 
from  all  classes. 

Rosseter  I.  Towle  was  born  in  \\'innebagD 
county,  Illinois,  on  March  26,  1843,  the  son  of 
Simeon  and  Eliza  D.  (Saunders)  Towle,  na- 
tives of  Maine  and  of  English  descent.  The 
father's  family  located  in  Maine  in  1670  and 
have  always  been  prominent  in  the  American 
cause.  The  parents  first  met  in  Illinois,  were 
married  in  Rockford,  and  in  1845  '^vent  to  Gen- 
esee county.  New  York.  In  1873  they  went  to 
Pennsylvania   and   in    1879   the   mother   died. 


The  next  year  the  father  went  to  St.  Louis, 
and  in  1883  he  journeyed  to  Salt  Lake,  where 
he  died  in  1884.  He  had  followed  farming 
and  merchandising  all  his  life.  Our  subject 
has  one  brother,  George,  who  is  in  the  coal 
business  in  Omaha,  having  established  the  first 
office  in  that  line  there.  The  early  education 
of  Mr.  Towle  was  received  in  Genesee  county, 
New  York,  and  the  same  was  completed  in 
the  academy  in  Allegany  county.  In  1863  he 
went  to  Buffalo,,  New  York,  and  acted  as  sales- 
man for  six  years  for  Hadly,  Husted  &  Com- 
pany, hardware  merchants.  Then  came  a  jour- 
ney to  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  in  the  hardware  business 
with  D.  G.  King.  In  1880  he  sold  his  business 
and  repaired  to  St.  Louis  and  engaged  in  hand- 
ling coke  for  H.  C.  Frick  &  Company.  In  1883 
he  sold  out  and  came  west  to  Salt  Lake  City  and 
engaged  in  shipping  grain  and  other  products. 
In  1885  Mr.  Towle  went  to  Gunderson,  Colo- 
rado, where  he  took  up  the  same  business,  but 
was  burned  out  the  following  year,  all  being 
loss,  as  there  was  no  insurance.  In  1892  Mr. 
Towle  first  located  in  Newport,  Idaho,  and 
soon  opened  a  general  merchandise  establish- 
ment. In  1894  he  was  appointed  postmaster, 
and  when  the  office  was  changed  to  ^^^ashing- 
ton  he  was  continued,  being  the  incumbent  at 
this  time.  He  is  a  man  whose  faithful  labors 
have  been  received  with  approbation  by  all  and 
success  has  crowned  his  efforts.  He  is  doing 
a  good  business  now  and  carries  a  complete  and 
up  to  date  stock. 

In  September,  1869,  Mr.  Towle  was  mar- 
ried to  ]\Iiss  Sarah  M.,  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Bethia  (Gleason)  Foote,  natives  of  New  York 
and  descended  from  a  good  Quaker  family. 
Eleven  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Foote  :  Laura,  Sarah,  Albert,  Daniel,'  Lamona, 
Edson,  Lizzie,  Ella,  Mina,  Louis,  and  Elmer, 
deceased.  Mr.  Towle  is  an  active  and  solid 
Republican  of  the  true  blue  stamp,  and  al- 
though he  has  often  been  solicited  to  hold  oflice, 
has  refused  it.  He  has  given  freely  of  his 
services  as  school  director.  ]\Ir.  Towle  is  well 
connected  fraternally,  while  in  religious  per- 
suasion he  is  a  Presbyterian.  His  wife  and 
daughter  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
church.  Two  children,  Florence,  wife  of  Al- 
bert L.  Snow,  of  Spokane,  and  Grace,  assistant 
to  her  father  in  the  postoftice,  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Towle. 


348 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


JACOB  E.  MARTIN,  \vho  resides  on  a 
farm  of  two  hundred  acres  one-half  mile  south 
from  Newport,  which  supports  two  million  feet 
of  saw  timber,  is  one  of  the  prosperous,  indus- 
trious and  substantial  men  of  Stevens  county. 
At  the  present  time  he  is  a  section  foreman  in 
the  employ  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad  and 
is  one  of  their  trusted  men.  J.  E.  Martin  was 
born  in  Terre  Haute.  Indiana,  on  June  7,  1869, 
the  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Zigler)  Mar- 
tin, natives  of  Baden,  Germany,  and  who  are 
named  elsewhere  in  this  work.  They  lived  in 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Indiana,  and  Illinois, 
in  this  country,  until  1891,  then  came  to 
Stevens  county,  Washington,  \\'liere  they  now 
reside.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Pulaski 
county,  Illinois,  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age.  At  that  time 
he  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life  for  him- 
self and  at  once  went  to  work  on  the  section. 
After  two  years  he  was  given  a  foremanship 
and  has  now  become  very  expert  and  skillful  in 
this  business. 

In  October,  1893.  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss 
Lillie.  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Clark) 
Johnson,  natives  of  New  York.  They  came 
to  Kansas  in  1881  and  reside  there  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  They  have  the  following  named 
children :  Hattie  Sargent,  Delia  Smith,  Benja- 
min, Emma  Bartlett,  and  Lulu  Punchess.  To 
Mr.  and  !\Irs.  Martin  one  child,  George  E.,  has 
been  born.  Politically  Mr.  Martin  is  liberal, 
while  stability,  uprightness  and  industry  char- 
acterize him. 


JOHN  W.  ASHPAUGH  is  well  known  in 
the  Pend  d'Oreille  valley  as  one  of  the  indus- 
trious and  progressive  citizens.  He  was  born 
in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  March  20,  1857.  the 
son  of  David  and  Harriet  (Sunderland)  Ash- 
paugh,  natives  of  Indiana.  In  1853  they  trav- 
eled the  dreary  plains  from  Indiana  to  Albany, 
Oregon,  consuming  six  months  in  the  journey. 
Eight  years  later  they  removed  to  Walla  Walla, 
where  they  lived  for  twenty  years,  then  they 
returned  to  Oregon  and  are  now  dwelling  in 
Arlington,  that  state.  They  were  the  parents 
of  ten  children,  J.  W.,  who  is  the  subject  of 
this  article,  Lizzie,  Callie,  Jemima,  May.  Cyrus, 
Hattie,  Harry,  Lora,  and  Ralph.  Our  subject 
was  well  educated  in  the  schools  of  Walla 
Walla  county  and  remained  with  his  parents 


until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  He  then 
spent  several  years  in  making  himself  master 
of  the  brick  layer's  trade,  which  he  followed  for 
twenty  years  in  different  sections  of  the  north- 
west. In  1892  he  first  located  in  Stevens 
county,  settled  upon  land  which  upon  being 
surveyed  proved  to  belong  to  the  railroad  com- 
pany. He  abandoned  it  in  1895  and  took  up 
his  trade  in  Newport,  then  he  went  to  Portland, 
Stevens  county  and  assisted  to  establish  the 
cement  works  there,  after  which  he  returned  to 
Newport  and  located  his  present  place,  about  one 
mile  south  from  that  town.  He  has  a  large  body 
of  timber  and  he  considers  the  estate  worth 
seven  thousand  dollars.  He  has  improved  his 
farm  in  a  becoming  manner  and  is  a  prosperous 
man.  I\Ir.  Ashpaugh  is  a  Socialist  in  political 
belief  and  active  in  that  realm.  His  father  was 
a  Democrat  and  representative  to  the  territorial 
legislature  from  Walla  Walla  county  in  1872. 
He  was  on  the  committee  that  met  President 
Villard  and  others  at  the  time  of  the  exten- 
sion of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  from  Pendleton  to 
Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Ashpaugh  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the  W.  W. 


RAY  J.  FON  is  one  of  the  industrious  and 
good  citizens  of  southeastern  Stevens  county 
and  dwells  about  two  miles  south  from  New- 
port, where  he  has  a  farm  of  two  hundred 
and  twenty-four  acres.  He  has  good  comfort- 
able buildings  and  in  addition  to  devoting  him- 
self to  the  improvement  of  the  place  and  gen- 
eral farming,  he  does  much  lumbering  and 
logging.  He  has  become  an  expert  in  handling 
this  latter  business  and  is  making  a  good  suc- 
cess. 

Ray  J.  Fox  was  born  in  Plum  City.  Wis- 
consin, on  January  17.  1880,  the  son  of  John 
and  Ellen  (Kiester)  Fox,  natives  of  Wis- 
consin. They  settled  in  Plum  City  in  very 
early  days  and  are  living  there  at  this  time. 
Four  children  were  born  to  them.  Ray  J.,  Delia 
A.  Seitz.  Ada  Smith,  and  Bland.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Pierce 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  he  was  fourteen,  when  he  started  in 
to  do  for  himself.  He  was  engaged  variously 
and  when  he  was  about  eighteen  came  to 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  Later  we  see  him  in 
Spokane  and   in   1901    he  came  thence  to  his 


HISTORY    OF    NOR'TH    WASHINGTON. 


349 


present  place.  He  took  a  homestead  first  and 
then  secured  enough  more  to  make  liis  pres- 
ent holding.  The  farm  is  one  of  value  and  is 
good  soil  and  Mr.  Fox  is  making  becoming  im- 
provements. 

In  June,  1902,  Mr.  Fox  married  Miss  Nel- 
lie M.,  daughter  of  James  and  Dora  (Long) 
Bratcher,  natives  of  Illinois  and  Oregon,  re- 
spectively. The  father  crossed  the  plains  in 
early  days.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fox  one  child 
has  been  born,  Thelma  A.  Mr.  Fox  is  an  active 
and  well  informed  Socialist  and  is  able  to  give 
a  reason  for  his  stand.  He  is  fraternally  affil- 
iated with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


FRANCIS  M.  KNOWLTON  was  born 
in  Marion,  Ohio,  on  February  13,  1857,  the  son 
of  George  E.  and  Susan  (McKee)  Knowdton, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Ohio,  respective- 
ly, and  of  Irish  and  English  ancestry.  When 
our  subject  was  one  year  old  the  family  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  where  they  lived  until  i860.  After 
that  they  moved  to  Linn  county,  where  they 
lived  for  a  decade.  In  1870  they  came  to 
eastern  Oregon  and  in  1880  they  journeyed 
on  to  Spokane,  where  the  father  now  lives, 
the  mother  having  died  in  1863.  They  were 
the  parents  of  seven  children,  Francis  M., 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Lafitte,  Mary 
L.,  Rhoda  A.,  Emma,  James  E.,  and  Su- 
sie. Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  Oregon  and  remained  with  his  father 
until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age.  During  these 
years  he  had  learned  the  harness  trade  and  just 
before  his  majority  he  opened  a  shop  for  him- 
self at  Weston,  Oregon,  and  attended  this,  to- 
gether with  farming,  having  taken  a  home- 
stead. In  1874  he  went  mining  and  one  year 
later  he  returned  to  harness  making.  In  1885 
Mr.  Knowlton  took  up  the  stock  business  and 
continued  in  the  same  until  i8gi,  when  he  came 
to  Newport,  where  he  now  lives.  He  settled 
upon  unsurveyed  land,  which  later  was  found 
to  belong  to  the  railroad  company.  He  then 
abandoned  it  and  moved  to  Newport,  where  he 
has  lived  ever  since.  Upon  going  to  Newport 
Mr.  Knowlton  engaged  in  an  entirely  new  busi- 
ness and  owing  to  natural  talent  he  has  made  a 
good  success  in  it.  We  refer  to  his  occupation 
of  boat  building.     He  built  the  New  Volunteer, 


one  of  the  principal  boats  on  the  Pend 
d'Oreille,  also  the  Columbia,  and  the  Elk, 
which  carries  the  United  States  mail  between 
Newport  and  Usk,  and  also  constructed  three 
launches,  the  Portland,  Newport  and  Hunter. 
Mr.  Knowlton  married  Miss  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  William  and  Sophy  (Tibbitts) 
Willaby,  natives  of  Missouri.  They  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams,  in  1852,  to  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  and  now  reside  at  Athena, 
Oregon.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren, A.  J.,,  William  P.  and  Mary  E.  To  Mr. 
and  j\Irs.  Knowlton  four  children  have  been 
born,  three  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows: 
Fred,  in  Stevens  county;  Eva,  wife  of  F. 
Long,  at  Lewiston,  Idaho;  and  Maude,  with 
her  parents.  Politically  Mr.  Knowlton  is 
identified  with  the  Liberals. 


JACOB  MARTIN  is  a  native  of  Baden, 
Germany,  and  comes  from  a  prominent  family. 
His  relatives  m  that  country  are  people  of  influ- 
ence and  wealth.  He  was  born  on  March  4, 
1846,  the  son  of  John  I.  and  Augusta  (Hecker ) 
Martin,  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  mother 
was  a  distant  relative  of  General  Hecker,  who 
started  the  revolution  in  Germany  in  1845. 
Jacob  is  one  of  fourteen  children  and  is  the 
only  one  living.  He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  his  native  country  and  when  twelve 
was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  parents. 
For  three  years  succeeding  that  affliction  he 
was  cared  for  by  an  aunt  and  then  stepped  forth 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  to  meet  the  responsibilities 
of  life  for  himself.  Two  and  one-half  years 
w'ere  spent  in  farming  and  then  he  learned  the 
blacksmith  trade.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  in 
1865,  Mr.  Martin  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  started  on  May  1 5  and  landed  in  New  York 
on  June  7.  He  soon  went  to  Pennsylvania  and 
was  occupied  in  a  brewery  and  later  in  the 
boiler  shops.  After  this  he  came  to  Ohio  and 
in  a  short  time  was  firing  on  a  lake  steamer. 
In  1868  he  came  to  Indiana  and  later  he  was 
in  Illinois,  where  he  worked  in  an  ax  handle 
factory  until  1873.  Then  he  farmed  until 
1884,  in  which  year  he  removed  to  Kansas.  In 
1 89 1  Mr.  Martin  came  to  Spokane  and  during 
the  same  year  he  located  on  his  present  place 
adjoining  Newport  on  the  south.  He  has  pur- 
chased adjoining  land  until  he  now  owns  nearly 


350 


HISTORY    OF    NOI^TH    WASHINGTON. 


five  hundred  acres  of  good  soil.  He  lias  two 
residences  on  the  estate,  which  is  also  well 
supplied  with  other  huildings,  and  one  hundred 
and  ten  acres  are  under  cultivation. 

In  1868  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Chris  and  Catherine  (Koch) 
Ziegler,  natives  of  Baden,  Germany  Mrs. 
Martin  has  eight  brothers  and  sisters.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  there  have  been  born  the 
following-  named  children:  Jacob  E.,  Charles 
A.,  Emma  Hill,  George  D.,  \\'ill.  Westchester, 
Clara,  Albert  and  Pearl. 

In  the  political  world,  Mr.  Martin  is  one  of 
the  active  and  substantial  Democrats  and  is 
always  found  laboring  for  the  welfare  of  the 
community.  He  has  served  several  terms  as 
school  director  and  evinces  a  keen  interest  in 
educational  affairs. 


GEORGE  CARY  resides  about  one  mile 
north  from  Curby  upon  a  good  quarter  section 
that  he  purchased  from  the  railroad.  His 
farm  is  supplied  with  a  fine  residence,  barn, 
and  other  buildings,  while  it  is  well  fenced 
and  is  one  of  the  valuable  places  in  this  sec- 
tion. In  addition  to  general  farming.  Mr. 
Cary  (le\-otes  much  skilled  attention  to  raising 
fruit  and  has  met  with  a  gratifying  success 
in  the  labors  bestowed  in  that  line.  He  is  also 
a  large  grower  of  poultry  and  turns  off  many 
dozens  each  year. 

George  Cary  was  born  in  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  on  Noveml^er  10,  i860,  the  son  of 
John  and  Margret  Cary.  Upon  the  outbreak 
of  the  Civil  war,  the  father  enlisted  to  fight 
for  his  country  and  in  the  course  of  his  service 
was  killed.  The  mother  soon  sickened  and  died 
leaving  our  subject  a  mere  lad  alone  in  the 
world.  He  had  one  brother,  James,  and  one 
sister,  Mary,  who  died  later.  "  When  George 
was  about  five,  he  came  with  a  German  family 
to  Wisconsin  and  there  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
receiving  a  good  education  form  the  country 
schools.  At  tlie  age  of  twenty  he  came  to  Mon- 
tana and  worked  on  the  Northern  Pacific  then 
building  through  that  section.  He  continued 
there  and  in  Idaho  until  the  desire  to  prospect 
led  him  to  Boise  basin  where  five  years  were 
spent  in  arduous  labor  for  the  precious  metals. 
Then  came  a  pilgrimage  to  Wallula  whence 
two  years   later   he  came  to   Stevens   county. 


After  a  couple  of  years  in  general  labor,  Mr. 
Cary  bought  his  present  farm  and  has  devoted 
himself  to   its  culture  since. 

On  March  17,  1895,  ^^r.  Cary  married  Miss 
Nellie,  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Elizabeth 
(Lynch)  Baldwin.  Mrs.  Cary  was  born  in 
Lagrande,  Oregon,  and  was  educated  in 
Spokane  county,  \\'ashington,  where  her  pa- 
rents ha\'e  dwelt  for  twenty  years.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cary, 
Henry  A.  and  \"iola  M.  Mr.  Cary  is  a  good 
Republican  and  always  interested  in  the  wel- 
fare of  the  community  and  in  the  success  of  his 
party. 


GEORGE  W.  BLAIR  has  resided  in  the 
west  for  nearly  twenty  years  and  since  1897 
he  has  dwelt  on  his  fine  fruit  farm,  three  miles 
west  from  Tumtum,  Stevens  county.  He  has 
made  a  first  class  record  in  general  gardening 
and  raising  fruit,  devoting  eight  acres  to  all 
the  various  kinds  successfully  raised  in  this 
latitude.  Mr.  Blair  has  good  improvements 
and  also  raises  stock  together  with  his  other 
work.  During  the  time  of  his  residence  in  the 
west,  he  has  done  considerable  lumber  manu- 
facturing. 

George  W.  Blair  was  born  in  Wise  county, 
Virginia,  on  March  3,  1858,  the  son  of  Jacob 
and  Louisa  (Hutchins)  Blair,  natives  of  South 
Carolina.  A  large  estate  is  pending  settlement 
in  the  family,  of  which,  however,  Mr.  Blair 
knows  little.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  James.  Reuben,  Malinda, 
Elizabeth  Duckring,  John,  Frank,  and  William. 
George  received  his  education  from  the  public 
schools  of  Meeker  county,  Minnesota  whither 
the  family  came  in  the  early  sixties.  When 
twenty-two  he  married  and  settled  down  there 
to  farm.  Five  years  later,  in  1885,  he  came 
thence  to  Washington  and  selected  a  place  in 
Spokane  county.  In  1897  he  migrated  from 
that  county  to  his  present  place  and  is  doing 
a  fine  business  in  the  lines  mentioned. 

In  1880,  in  Meeker  county,  ^Minnesota,  Mr. 
Blair  married  Miss  Mary,  only  child  of  Will- 
iam and  Nancy  (Taylor)  Keesee.  natives  of 
North  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  respectively. 
They  removed  to  Minnesota  in  1S65,  where  the 
mother  died.  The  father  died  in  the  Civil  war. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair  the  following  children 
have  been  born :  Reuben,  married  and  living  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


351 


Stevens  county;  Minnie,  wife  of  Alvah  Logs- 
don,  of  Lacrosse,  Washington;  Harold; 
Howard;  Maud,  wife  of  Richard  Bigger,  of 
Hillyard,  Washington;  Frank;  Annie,  and 
Lawrence,  deceased.  Mr.  Blair  is  a  liberal 
man  in  political  matters,  having  voted  for 
Blaine,  Cleveland,  W^eaver  and  Bryan.  From 
1895  to  1899  lis  "^^'^s  deputy  assessor.  Fra- 
ternally, Mr,  Blair  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Congrega- 
tional church. 


JOHN  B.  LACEY  came  to  Washington 
in  1888,  one  year  previous  to  its  admission  into 
the  union.  He  first  settled  in  Lincoln  county 
where  he  resided  eleven  years,  coming  to  Ste- 
vens county,  where  he  now  lives,  in  1899. 

John  B.  Lacey  was  born  in  Stark  county, 
Ohio,  May  i,  1833,  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Nancy  (McGaughy)  Lacey,  the  former  a  na- 
tive of  Virginia,  the  latter  of  Maryland.  From 
Belmont  county,  Ohio,  they  removed  to  Mon- 
roe county,  and  subsequently,  in  1842,  to  Steu- 
ben county,  Indiana,  where  they  remained  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  Tliomas  Lacey  was  an  only 
son  of  an  only  son.  A  brother  of  the  mother, 
John  McGaughy,  was  a  school  teacher,  sur- 
veyor and  bookkeeper.  To  them  nine  children 
were  born,  William,  Nathan  M.,  James  R., 
Nancy  M.,  Mary  E.,  Thomas  S.,  Ruanna  W., 
Robert  A.  and  John  B.,  our  subject. 

A  log  school  house  was  the  initial  educa- 
tional institution  attended  by  John  B.  Lacey. 
This  was  in  Ohio  and  was  supplemented  by 
common  school  privileges  in  Steuben  county, 
Indiana.  Following  the  attainment  of  his  ma- 
jority he  worked  on  a  farm  until  1862,  when 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Twenty-ninth  Indi- 
ana Infantry,  and  served  until  July  2.  1865.  in 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  Following  the 
close,  of  the  Civil  War  he  continued  on  the 
forty-acre  farm  in  Steuben  county,  removing, 
in  1872  to  Warren  county.  Indiana,  where  he 
purchased  eighty  acres  of  land.  In  1888,  hav- 
ing disposed  of  his  Indiana  property,  he  came 
to  Washington,  and  located,  first  in  Lincoln 
county,  and  in  1899  '"  Stevens  county,  where 
he  purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  on 
Hunter  creek,  and  upon  which  he  resides,  in  a 
good  house  and  surrounded  by  substantial  out- 
buildings. He  owns,  also,  another  quarter  sec- 
tion of  land  four  miles  south  of  Chewelah. 


On  March  16,  1856,  J.  B.  Lacey  was  mar- 
ried to  Martha  J.  Nixon,  daughter  of  William 
W.  and  Mary  (Carlton)  Nixon,  the  father  a 
native  of  Ohio,  the  mother  of  Virginia.  They 
located  in  Warren  county,  Indiana,  in  1850, 
where  they  lived  until  the  time  of  their  death. 
Their  family  of  children  numbered  seven,  viz., 
Martha  J.,  Louisa  M.,  Sarah  A.,  George  W., 
John  W.,  Mary  E.,  and  Irene. 

Five  boys  and  five  girls  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lacey  :  Sarah,  deceased ;  Thomas 
M. ;  James  V. ;  Nancy  J.,  married  to  F.  C.  Lee. 
of  Mohler;  Louis  K.,  married  to  Grace  Butler; 
Mary  M.,  wife  of  William  Henshaw,  of  Lin- 
coln county;  Bertha  R.,  married  to  John  D. 
Henshaw,  of  Lincoln  county;  John  C..  mar- 
ried to  Estelle  Bidler;  Nathan  M.,  married  to 
Mattie  M.  Meyers;  Edith  B.,  wife  of  R.  A. 
Campbell. 

Politically  Mr.  Lacey  is  a  Democrat.  In 
Indiana  he  held  the  office  of  constable.  During 
the  Civil  War  he  was  first  sergeant  of  Company 
A,  Twenty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry.  He  is  an 
active  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and 
the  G.  A.  R. 


ROBERT  REID.  Among  those  who  have 
more  recently  come  to  Stevens  countv,  we  may 
mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  landed 
on  his  present  farm  of  eighty  acres,  about  two 
miles  north  from  Curby,  in  1898.  Since  that 
time,  Mr.  Reid  has  devoted  his  efforts  to  im- 
provement and  his  farm  shows  excellent  results. 
He  has  a  good  house,  barn,  and  other  buildings, 
seven  hundred  fruit  trees,  besides  a  goodly  por- 
tion of  the  land  devoted  to  general  crops. 

Robert  Reid  was  born  in  Aberdeenshire, 
Scotland,  in  1853,  the  son  of  James  and  Isa- 
bella (Kinod)  Reid.  natives  of  Scotland,  also, 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  The 
father  was  a  brewer  and  our  subject  labored 
with  him,  when  he  was  not  attending  school. 
At  the  early  age  of  ten  he  began  to  assume  the 
responsibilities  of  life  and  when  fifteen  left 
home  altogether,  taking  employment  in  a  livery 
establishment.  In  1871  he  departed  from  the 
old  country  and  began  life  in  Canada  where 
three  years  were  spent  in  different  employ- 
ments. Next,  following  that  time,  IMr.  Reid 
went  to  Missouri  and  dwelt  there  fifteen  years, 
employing  himself  in  raising  corn  and  hogs. 
It  was  in  1888  that  he  came  to  Spokane  county, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  after  farming  a  time  he  began  explorations 
which  resulted  in  his  settling  in  his  present 
location  in  1898. 

In  1897  Mr.  Reid  married  Airs.  Anna, 
widow  of  Benjamin  Miller.  She  came  to  this 
country  from  Colorado  in  1 888.  By  her  former 
marriage,  Mrs.  Reid  has  three  children :  Bert, 
in  Deer  Park;  Edna,  wife  of  Joseph  Baldwin, 
in  Spokane  county ;  Buford,  in  Stevens  count)'. 
Mr.  Reid  had  ten  brothers  and  sisters,  five 
of  whom  are  living,  as  follows,  James,  Alex- 
ander, Ann  Jeffery,  Isabella  and  Andrew. 
In  political  matters,  our  subject  always  ad- 
heres strictly  to  the  principles  of  the  Republi- 
can party,  they  more  nearly  expressing  his  ideas 
than  any  other. 

Mrs.  Reid  was  born  in  Wayne  county, 
Illinois,  the  date  being  in  1856,  and  when  four- 
teen years  of  age  went  to  Jasper  county,  Miss- 
ouri, where  she  completed  her  education.  From 
there  she  moved  to  Colorado  and  thence  to 
Washington  in  1888,  as  mentioned  above. 


MART  H.  HAMILTON,  stockman  and 
diversified  farmer  of  Stevens  county,  resides 
six  miles  west  and  one  mile  south  of  lone.  He 
was  born  in  Oskaloosa,  Kansas,  December  17, 
1869,  his  parents  being  Samuel  and  Mary 
(Brunton)  Hamilton.  The  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio  and  the  mother  of  Pennsylvania. 
Settling  in  Kansas,  they  resided  there  until 
1873,  when  they  came  to  Washington,  locat- 
ing twenty-six  miles  down  the  Spokane  river, 
from  Spokane.  In  1900,  they  removed  to 
Reardan,  Lincoln  county,  the  father  dying  the 
same  year.  The  mother  still  lives.  Mr.  Ham- 
ilton's family  were  connected  with  that  of  the 
eminent  American  statesman,  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton, who  was  killed  in  a  duel  with ,  Aaron 
Burr.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren, John,  Maggie,  Kate,  Joseph,  deceased. 
Mart,  Lida,  and  Alay.  John,  Kate  and  Mart 
are  still  living. 

At  the  public  schools  of  Crescent  Park  our 
subject  received  a  practical  education,  and  at 
seventeen  years  of  age,  faced  the  world  on  his 
own  account,  and  for  seventeen  years  followed 
the  occupation  of  a  farmer.  In  1899  he  came 
to  Stevens  county,  locating  on  what  is  known 
as  the  "Big  Meadows,"  securing  one  hundred 
and  sixtv  acres  under  tlie  homestead  law,  ninetv 


of  which  are  devoted  to  hay  raising.  His  prop- 
erty is  all  fenced,  he  has  a  fine  house,  barn  and 
outbuildings,  twenty  head  of  stock  and  two 
million  feet  of  saw  timber. 

Mr.  Hamilton  was  married  July  17,  1897, 
to  Mrs.  Hattie  Coulson,  widow  of  Charles 
Co'Ulson,  and  daughter  of  M.  S.  and  Sarah 
Taylor,  natives  of  Indiana,  now  residing  in 
Springdale.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren, James  and  Hattie. 

The  principles  of  the  Republican  party  ap- 
peal more  strongly  to  Mr.  Hamilton,  but  he  is 
liberal,  and  by  no  means  an  advocate  of  "offen- 
sive partisanship."  In  local  politics  he  mani- 
fests the  lively  interest  of  a  patriotic  citizen. 
The  family  of  Mr.  Hamilton  is  highly  esteemed 
by  all  their  acquaintances. 


MARK  L.  BUCHANAN,  a  prosperous 
and  enterprising  fruit  raiser  and  merchant,  re- 
sides one  mile  north  of  Curby,  Stevens  county. 
By  nativity  he  is  a  Missourian,  born  in  Newton 
county,  March  12,  1858,  the  son  of  Amos  and 
Livina  (Jones)  Buchanan,  natives  of  Indiana 
and  Tennessee,  respectively.  For  fifty  years 
the  father  was  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  is 
now  living  at  Roseburg,  Oregon.  He  is  an 
eloquent  orator,  and  during  the  Civil  war  ex- 
pressed his  sympathy  for  the  north,  and  was, 
for  this,  hunted  perilously  near  to  death  by 
southerners,  being  rescued  by  General  Sigel. 
He  was  the  son  of  Nathan  Buchanan,  a  highly 
accomplished  exponent  of  the  Christian  faith  in 
Indiana.  His  mother  lived  to  be  one  hundred 
years  of  age. 

At  Newton,  Missouri,  our  subject  received 
a  common  school  education,  and,  in  1875,  came 
with  his  people  to  Polk  county,  Oregon,  going 
to  Monmouth  College  one  year.  For  a  period 
thereafter  he  was  in  the  Palouse  country, 
Washington,  and  Moscow,  Idaho.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-three  years,  he  began  farming  in  the 
Palouse  country,  where  he  remained  ten  years. 
In  1889  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  locating  on 
the  bank  of  the  Spokane  river,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  raises  fine  fruit  and  devotes 
considerable  attention  to  superior  blooded 
stock. 

In  1881  our  sul)ject  was  married  to  Sarah 
E.  Ellis,  daughter  of  J.  W.  and  :\Iargret 
(Winnet)    Ellis,  natives  of  Iowa.     Mr.   Ellis 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


353 


came  across  the  plains  to  Walla  Walla  in  1857 
and  has  been  a  worthy  laborer  for  the  building 
up  of  the  country  since.  Mrs.  Buchanan  was 
born  in  Dayton,  Washington  and  received  her 
education  in  Moscow,  Idaho  where  also  she 
was  married.  Six  children  have  been  born  to 
this  couple,  Myrtle  L.,  Oscar  H..  Ollie  V.,  Ina 
M.,  Henry  E.,  Lorna  M.  Myrtle  is  attending 
college  in  Spokane.  The  other  children  reside 
with  their  parents.  Mr.  Buchanan  is  active  in 
local  matters  and  adheres  to  the  principles  of 
the  Republican  party. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1877, 
Mr.  Buchanan  was  chosen  lieutenant  of  a  com- 
pany of  volunteers  organized  to  fight  the  sav- 
ages, at  the  Camas  prairie  massacre. 


ISAAC  L.  CRORY.  Since  the  year  1869 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been,  emphati- 
cally, a  pioneer  of  the  northwest.  The  place 
of  his  nativity  is  St.  George,  New  Brunswick, 
where  he  was  born  December  24,  1848.  His 
parents  were  David  and  Mary  (Stinson) 
Crory,  natives  of  Ireland.  They  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1833  and  settled  in  New  Brunswick 
where  they  died.  To  them  were  born  ten 
children,  John  E.,  Robert,  Samuel,  Esther, 
^Mary  A.,  Margaret.  David,  William  J., 
Thomas  H.,  and  Isaac  L. 

Few  advantages  were  ever  offered  to  the 
latter  in  the  way  of  scholastic  privileges,  and  it 
may  be  said  that  experience  has  been  his  only 
teacher.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  entered 
upon  a  career  which,  it  can  safely  be  said,  has 
been  successful.  In  1869  Mr.  Crory  went  to 
California  by  tlie  way  of  Panama  and  Aspin- 
wall.  Here  he  remained  two  years,  going 
thence  to  the  Puget  Sound  country  for  one 
year,  and  then  back  to  California.  Flis  first  lo- 
cation in  \Vasliington  was  in  the  Yakima  val- 
ley, in  1879,  whence  he  removed  to  Walla 
Walla.  In  1883  he  settled  in  Stevens  county, 
Washington,  on  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres,  and  upon  which  he  now  resides  sur- 
rounded by  many  of  the  home  comforts  inci- 
dent to  a  western  ranch.  He  has  made  a  spec- 
ialty of  the  cultivation  of  hay,  owns  quite  a 
bunch  of  cattle  and  has  a  good  house  and  con- 
venient outbuildings. 

In  1885  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  El- 
wood,  widow  of  John  Elwood.  She  is  a  native 
of  Victoria  countv,   Ontario,  Canada,  and  at 


the  period  of  this  marriage  was  the  mother  of 
two  children  by  her  former  husband,  Isaac  and 
Francis  Elwood.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crory  have 
been  born  four  children,  William  J.,  Robert 
M.,  Herbert,  and  Nellie.  Nellie  died  on  May 
19,  1903. 

Politically  Mr.  Crory  is  a  warm  friend  and 
defender  of  Democratic  principles,  and  in  local 
politics  manifests  a  keen  and  consistent  interest. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  chvuxh. 


HANS  K.  HANSON  has  labored  for  over 
twenty  years  in  the  Colville  valley  and  has  ever 
been  known  as  an  upright  and  capable  man. 
From  the  time  when  he  located  until  recently 
he  gave  his  attention  to  farming.  He  now 
lives  about  two  miles  north  from  Colville, 
where  he  de\otes  himself  to  general  farming 
and  stock  raising.  He  owns  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  land  where  he  lives,  which  is  sup- 
plied with  good  buildings  and  is  well  improved. 
He  also  owns  a  valuable  c[uarter  section  near 
Valley.  He  has  been  prospering  in  his  labors 
and  has  wisely  handled  his  money  as  his  pres- 
ent holdings  indicate. 

H.  K.  Hanson  was  born  in  Long  Land, 
Denmark  on  January  5,  1840,  the  son  of  Hans 
and  Martha  Hanson,  where  they  remained  until 
their  death.  The  father  was  a  weaver.  Our 
subject  has  one  brother,  Peter  and  one  sister, 
Marie.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  place  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  was 
bound  out  to  the  blacksmith  trade  for  five 
years.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  trade  he 
began  operations  for  himself  and  followed  his 
craft  in  Denmark  until  1868,  when  he  came  to 
America,  locating  in  Illinois.  He  did  black- 
smithing  there  for  three  years,  then  journeyed 
on  to  Kansas,  whence  in  1873,  he  went  to 
Colorado.  In  1877,  he  was  in  Mexico  then  in 
Texas  and  finally  in  1882,  located  in  Califor- 
nia. During  all  these  years  he  had  followed  his 
trade  in  the  various  places  where  he  nad  been 
and  at  once  opened  a  shop  in  Colorado  where  he 
continued  steadily  until  1896,  in  which  year  he 
sold  his  shop  and  located  on  the  homestead 
which  he  had  taken,  in  1883.  and  as  stated  he 
now  devotes  his  time  between  farm  work  and 
blacksmithing. 

In  1885,  Mr.  Hanson  married  Miss  Sophie 
Peterson,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  to 
America  in   1883.     The  wedding  occurred  in 


354 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


California  and  tliey  have  been  blessed  by  the 
advent  of  six  children :  Martin,  Ella,  Charles, 
Peter,  Laura  and  Henrietta,  all  with  their  par- 
ents. r\lr.  Hanson  is  a  good  Democrat  and 
always  takes  a  keen  interest  in  political  affairs. 
He  has  served  as  director,  and  in  various  other 
ofificial  capacities.  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church  and  Jire  exemplary 
people. 


J.  A.  ROCHFORD  is  a  well  known  attor- 
ney of  Stevens  county  and  has  manifested  the 
stability,  keen  observation  and  acumen  which 
go  so  far  in  making  a  successful  lawyer. 
Coupled  with  these  qualifications.  Air.  Roch- 
ford  possesses  a  vast  fund  ot  erudition  gained 
by  careful  and  constant  perusal  of  the  leading 
authors  in  his  profession  and  he  is  ranked  with 
the  best  attorneys  in  this  section. 

J.  A.  Rochford  was  born  m  Kankakee.  Illi- 
nois, on  February  i6.  i860,  the  son  of  Michael 
and  Lydia  A.  (Bellamy)  Rochford,  natives  of 
Ireland  and  Canada,  respecti\  ely.  The  mother 
is  a  distant  relative  of  Edward  Bellamy,  author 
of  Looking  Backward.  The  father  was  a 
soldier  and  served  for  seven  years  in  the  British 
army.  Then  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  of  a 
[Michigan  Volunteer  regiment  and  was  later 
transferred  to  the  L'nited  States  Cavalry,  Com- 
pany D,  under  General  Sheridan.  In  July, 
1868,  he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Ft.  Lap- 
wai,  Idaho.  After  a  visit  to  his  old  home  in 
Michigan,  he  went  in  1870,  to  Kansas  where  he 
.died  in  1894.  The  mother  was  born  in  Port 
Hope,  Canada  and  is  now  living  near  Wichita, 
Kansas.  They  were  the  parents  of  six  chil- 
dren, three  of  whom  are  living:  J.  A.,  our  sub- 
ject, R.  Walter,  and  David,  a  well  known  news- 
paper man  of  Osage,  Kansas.  Our  subject 
was  one  of  those  sturdy  youths,  who  start  in 
life  while  young  and  eleven  was  the  time  when 
he  stepped  forth  for  himself.  He  soon  saw  the 
importance  of  a  better  education  and  at  once 
set  out  to  secure  it.  He  was  successful  in  a 
good  degree  and  has  always  been  a  careful  stu- 
dent. He  was  soon  associated  with  one  of  the 
leading  Kansas  lawyers,  who  is  now  located  at 
Oberlin,  that  state.  He  there  took  up  the  study 
of  law  and  perfected  himself  in  it.  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  due  time.  He  soon  was  in 
real  practice,  and  ci^nstant  study,  while  in  the 
practical  work,  has  made  Mr.  Rochford  a  first 


class  lawyer.  Before  leaving  Kansas  he  lost  a 
library  worth  eighteen  hundred  dollars  by  fire. 
In  1888,  Mr.  Rochford  went  to  North  Yakima 
and  formed  a  partnership  with  Congressman 
W.  L.  Jones  and  John  AI.  Newman  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected 
prosecuting  attorney  of  that  county.  In  1897, 
he  located  in  Stevens  county,  stopping  first  in 
Northport.  One  year  later  he  came  to  Col- 
ville  and  opened  an  office,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  engaged  in  practice  constantly  and 
has  a  large  clientage  throughout  the  covmty. 
He  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  United 
States  Marble  Company  and  has  always  been 
a  leading  man.  Mr.  Rochford  has  property 
through  the  county,  a  good  residence  and  ofifice 
building  in  Colville,  and  also  a  fine  large  library 
of  well  selected  volumes. 

In  1888  JNIr.  Rochford  was  married  to  Miss 
Ida  AI.  Allen,  and  to  this  union  three  children 
were  born:  Lloyd  A..  Myrtle  L.,  and  Ray.  In 
October.  1893,  Mrs.  Rochford  was  called  hence 
by  death. 

On  January  10,  1894.  Mr.  Rochford  mar- 
ried Miss  Nellie  L.,  daughter  of  G.  R.  and 
Clara  Stedman,  natives  of  Iowa.  Later  the 
family  removed  to  Nebraska  where  Airs.  Roch- 
ford was  born.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Air.  and  Airs.  Rochford:  Clair  Al.,  Ruth 
Y..  and  Ynez. 

Politically.  Air.  Rochford  is  a  Democrat 
and  active  in  the  affairs  of  his  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Al.  ^^'.  A.  and  was  a  leading 
spirit  in  the  erection  of  the  hall  in  Chewelah 
now  belonging  to  that  order.  In  1903.  he 
was  chosen  delegate  to  the  state  convention 
from  his  lodge.  Air.  Rochford  is  a  man  of 
ability  and  has  won  for  himself  a  good  position 
in  the  legal  world. 


CHARLES  LINDAHL.  one  of  the  indus- 
trious farmers  of  Stevens  county,  dwells  about 
one  mile  west  from  Newport  upon  a  farm 
which  he  secured  through  the  homestead  riglit 
find  ui:)on  which  he  settled  in  1891.  He  does 
general  farming  and  raises  stock,  besides  log- 
ging. The  farm  has  upon  it  about  one  million 
feet  of  excellent  saw  timber  and  is  a  valuable 
place.  Air.  Lindahl  has  improved  the  farm 
with  good  buildings,  fences,  and  so  forth,  and 
is  one  of  the  capalile  and  substantial  citizens  of 
this  section. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


355 


Charles  Lindahl  was  born  in  Molny, 
Sweden,  on  February  28.  1862,  the  son  of 
Charles  and  Gumlla  ( Xelson )  Lindahl,  na- 
tives of  Sweden  where  they  now  live.  They  are 
the  parents  of  three  children,  August,  Nels, 
and  Charles.  The  father  was  a  skillful  hunter 
and  followed  that  all  his  life,  being  engaged 
by  the  wealthy  people  to  assist  them  in  that 
oci;upation.  Our  subject  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  spent 
much  of  his  youth  in  assisting  his  father  in  the 
chase.  In  1880  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  opened  a  mercantile  store  and 
conducted  a  successful  business  for  nine  years. 
Then  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Spokane  county, 
Washington,  thence  to  Stevens  county,  after 
which  he  spent  a  couple  of  years  in  Spokane 
county  then  returned  to  his  present  place.  Mr. 
Lindahl  is  a  good  Republican.  He  is  affiliated 
with  the  Swedish  brotherhood  of  the  F.  O.  A., 
while  in  church  relations  he  is  a  communicant 
with  the  Lutheran  denomination. 


JAMES  L.  BROXSOX  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Stevens  county  and  a  de- 
tailed account  of  his  labors  and  industries 
would  far  exceed  the  space  we  are  able  to  allot 
in  this  work.  However,  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  privileged  to  recount  some  of  the  salient 
points  in  his  career  and  we  feel  sure  that  the 
same  will  be  read  with  interest  by  all.  For 
there  is  nothing  so  interesting  as  the  real  ac- 
count of  the  path  of  success,  especially  so  when 
that  is  brought  about  by  the  worthy  efforts  of 
one  who  starts  in  life  with  a  capital  of  pluck 
and  hands  ready  for  work.  Such  an  one  is 
the  subject  of  this  article. 

James  L.  Bronson  was  born  in  Orleans 
county.  New  York,  on  June  5,  1838,  the  son  of 
Lemuel  and  Charlotte  (Clark)  Bronson,  na- 
tives of  New  York.  Mr.  Bronson  does  not 
know  when  his  ancestors  came  to  this  country, 
but  suffice  it  to  say,  they  are  true  blue  Yankees 
and  have  been  identified  with  the  American 
cause  before  there  was  a  Laiited  States.  The 
mother  died  in  the  early  'forties  and  in  1856 
the  balance  of  the  family  removed  to  Michigan, 
where  the  father  died  in  1896.  Six  children 
were  born  to  them:  Oscar,  deceased:  Levi: 
Fidelia,  wife  of  A.  Birge,  both  of  whom  died 
in    Kalamazoo,    Michigan,    leaving    one    son. 


Warren  ;  Horace ;  Mrs.  Mary  Birge,  deceased ; 
and  James.'  Mrs.  Mary  Birge  has  one  daughter 
surviving  her. 

James  L.  was  educated  in  Xew  York  and 
IMichigan  and  when  twenty  married  and  started 
in  life  for  himself.  He  had  the  cash  capital  of 
fifty  cents  at  that  time,  and  we  are  not  told 
whether  it  was  in  good  silver  or  paper  change. 
However,  Mr.  Bronson  went  to  work  with  a 
will  and  manifested  good  judgment  and  a  rich 
fund  of  priceless  common  sense  and  the  result 
is  that  today  he  is  one  of  the  foremost  men  of 
Stevens  county  and  has  interests  and  property 
all  over  the  state.  For  the  first  year  or  so  of 
married  life,  Mr.  Bronson  gave  attention  to 
handling  a  rented  farm,  then  did  saw  milling, 
and  later  learned  the  carpenter  trade  and  put 
his  money  into  good  land,  which  he  improved 
and  rented.  In  1888  Mr.  Bronson  came  to 
Hatton,  Washington,  to  spend  the  winter,  but 
in  the  spring  he  found  the  circumstances  so 
favorable  that  he  opened  a  mercantile  establish- 
ment. The  same  keen  business  ability  and 
energy  that  had  made  him  successful  in  the  pre- 
ceding years  did  the  same  with  him  there  and 
he  prospered  exceedingly.  He  still  owns  an 
interest  in  that  business  and  also  is  proprietor 
of  the  town  site  of  Hatton.  In  addition  to  that 
he  has  nearly  one  thousand  acres  of  well  im- 
pro\-ed  wheat  land  in  Adams  county,  all  of 
which  is  annually  returning  a  good  dividend  to 
the  wise  proprietor.  In  1898  Mr.  Bronson 
came  to  Xewport,  having  some  mining  interests 
adjacent.  He  saw  an  opportunity  for  a  good 
venture  and  put  in  the  first  caljle  ferry  across 
the  Fend  d'Oreille  river.  He  bought  property 
in  X^'ewport.  built  the  Bronson  hotel,  the  first 
painted  structure  in  the  town,  and  also  was 
occupied  in  various  other  ways.  Later  he  pur- 
chased nearly  three  hundred  acres  of  meadow 
land  in  the  Calispell  valley  and  has  it  well 
stocked  and  handles  it  by  a  tenant.  In  addi- 
tion. Mr.  Bronson  has  a  fine  farm  home  in 
Michigan,  and  also  owns  timber  land  in  this 
section. 

In  1858  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Bronson  and  Miss  Julia  C.  Knapp,  whose  par- 
ents were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  pio- 
neers to  Michigan.  The  father  was  one  of  the 
'forty-niners  in  California  and  had  brilliant 
success,  which  later  was  clouded  by  losses.  The 
mother  died  while  Mrs.  Bronson  was  young 
and  the  father  died  in  later  years.     Mrs.  Bron- 


356 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


son  has  tlie  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
John,  Maria,  ]\Iartha,  and  Orrin.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bronson  three  children  have  been  born : 
Delmer  L.,  in  Michigan;  Arthur  W.,  in  New- 
port; Charlotte,  wife  of  O.  Algoe,  in  Hatton, 
Washington.  Politically  Mr.  Bronson  has  al- 
ways manifested  a  keen  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  the  various  communities  and  has  adhered 
closely  to  the  principles  of  the  Republican 
party.    He  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  some  points  in  con- 
nection with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bronson  in  their 
start  in  housekeeping.  He  made  all  the  furni- 
ture they  used,  but  when  Mrs.  Bronson's  shoes 
wore  out,  he  was  met  by  a  serious  dilemma. 
No  money  was  at  hand  to  buy  a  new  pair,  and 
as  their  principles  of  not  going  in  debt  were 
strictly  adhered  to,  some  other  way  had  to  be 
devised  to  get  the  shoes.  Finally  Mr.  Bron- 
son cut  the  tops  off  from  an  old  pair  of  boots, 
secured  a  shoemaker  to  cut  out  the  uppers  of 
a  pair  of  shoes,  then  purchased  a  little  sole 
leather  from  a  neighbor,  and  set  to  the  task 
of  making  a  pair  of  shoes  for  his  wife.  The 
sole  leather  was  white,  but  the  shoes  wore,  and 
while  they  were  not  the  best  she  has  had,  still 
they  were  prized.  Together  they  have  labored 
since,  and  Mr.  Bronson  always  says  that  his 
wife  has  done  her  share  nobly  and  well  in 
achieving  their  excellent  success. 


ETHELDRED  T.  ELLIS— In  at  least 
tlnree  different  occupations  has  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  gained  success.  He  dwells  about 
one-half  mile  southwest  from  Scotia  upon  a 
farm  which  he  secured  by  homestead  right  in 
1 89 1.  In  addition  to  attending  to  general 
farming.  Mr.  Ellis  has  for  nearly  fifty  years 
been  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  He  began  this 
good  work  in  Williamsville,  Oregon  and  since 
that  time  in  various  places  where  he  has  lived 
he  has  been  a  local  preacher  in  the  Methodist 
church. 

Etheldred  T.  Ellis  was  born  in  Shelbyville, 
Tennessee,  April  26.  1830,  the  son  of  Ira  and 
Mary  (Bledsoe)  Ellis,  natives  of  North  Caro- 
lina. In  1837,  they  moved  to  Missouri,  re- 
maining there  the  balance  of  their  lives.  Thev 
were  the  parents  of  ten  children.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educaterl  in  Tennessee  and  Missouri, 
completing  his  training  in  the  high  schools  in 


the  latter  state.  Early  in  life  he  began  teach- 
ing and  for  twenty-five  years  followed  that 
occupation,  both  in  Missouri  and  Oregon.  In 
1852,  he  took  that  most  unique  of  all  journeys 
from  the  Missouri  river  to  the  Willamette  valley 
by  ox  team.  Six  months  were  consumed  en- 
route,  while  many  battles  with  the  Indians  and 
innumerable  hardships  marked  the  way.  Set- 
tlements were  made  in  the  Willamette  valley. 
Teaching,  preaching  and  general  farming  made 
Mr.  Ellis  a  busy  man.  In  1887,  he  came  to 
Spokane  county  and  rented  land  and  four  years 
later  came  to  his  present  place. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Ellis  and  Miss  Calista 
Howell  occurred  July  7,  1864  at  Corvallis, 
Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ellis  have  the  follow- 
ing children :  Ira  and  Frank,  in  Stvens  county ; 
Sarah,  wife  of  J.  Irvin,  living  in  Oregon;  Effie, 
married  to  Otto  Brinser,  in  Stevens  county; 
and  Mrs.  Gertie  Siler.  Mr.  Ellis  is  a  stanch 
Republican  and  active  in  general  affairs.  He  is 
still  active  in  preaching  the  gospel  and  is  the 
local  minister  in  Scotia. 


ALBERT  B.  HURD  and  MARIA  HURD 
are  among  the  well  known  residents  of  New- 
port and  at  the  present  time  are  conducting  one 
of  the  leading  hotels  in  the  tow-n,  being  know-n 
as  reliable  and  capable  people. 

Albert  B.  Hurd  was  born  in  Claremont, 
New  Hampshire,  on  December  16.  1834,  the 
son  of  Asa  and  Mary  (  Putnam )  Hurd.  Our 
subject  is  a  secontl  cousin  to  the  famous  general 
Putnam.  His  parents  moved  to  Illinois  in 
1852,  and  in  1854  journeyed  on  to  Minnesota 
where  they  remained  until  their  decease.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the 
age  of  ninteen  started  out  on  a  traveling  tour. 
In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixth 
Minnesota  Volunteers  but  in  less  than  a  year 
was  taken  very  sick  and  has  never  yet  fully  re- 
covered his  health.  In  March,  1863,  he  was 
mustered  out  of  the  service  and  returned  to 
Minnesota. 

In  1862  Mr.  Hurd  married  Miss  Maria, 
daughter  of  Michael  H.  and  Elizabeth  (Blair) 
Staats,  natives  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania, 
respectively.  To  this  union  have  been  born 
two  children  :  George,  in  Stevens  county ;  Jessie 
B.,  wife  of  A.  T.  Allen,  in  Priest  River. 

Mrs.   Hurd  was  born   in  Akron,  Ohio,  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


357 


August  2y,  1842,  and  mo\-ed  thence  to  Michi- 
gan with  her  parents  in  early  day.  The  father 
went  to  Wisconsin  and  sougiit  a  place  for  the 
family  and  they  came  by  boat  thence,  having 
a  rough  trip.  For  two  }-ears  they  lived  in  the 
wilds  of  \Visconsin  and  the  father  followed 
coopering.  Then  he  traveled  for  his  health 
through  various  parts  of  Iowa,  then  went  to 
Olmstead  county,  Minnesota,  where  he  built 
a  saw  and  grist  mill.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Sixth  Minnesota  Volunteers  and 
served  for  three  years,  being  discharged  in 
1865.  Three  years  after  the  war  his  wife 
died.  The  following  named  children  have  been 
born  to  this  worthy  couple :  Maria ;  Cornelius ; 
Blanch  Hurd ;  Alice,  deceased ;  Emma  Junker ; 
Ida,  deceased ;  and  Clara  Hutchinson.  Mr. 
Staats  died  at  Fort  Ridgley  in  1872.  Mrs. 
Hurd  received  a  good  education  in  the  various 
places  where  the  family  lived  and  at  an  early 
day  began  to  teach  school.  In  1885  she  came 
to  Spokane  and  for  a  while  kept  store  and  then 
opened  a  private  school  which  she  conducted 
successfully  for  several  years.  After  that  she 
removed  to  Loonlake  and  operated  a  hotel  there 
several  years,  also  being  postmistress  there  ten 
years.  Then  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hurd  came  to  their 
present  place.  They  are  now  conducting  a  well 
patronized  hotel.  Mrs.  Hurd  has  a  farm  on 
Loonlake  and  also  owns  additional  property  in 
Sand  Point  and  Loonlake.  Mr.  Hurd  is  a 
Republican  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and 
also  belongs  to  the  M.  \V.  A.  and  the  Baptist 
church.  ]\Ir.  Hurd  is  one  of  a  family  of  tweh'e 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  now  li\-ing.  The 
youngest  one  is  sixty,  while  Vix.  Hurd  is  sixty- 
eight  ;  there  are  six  brothers  and  sisters  older 
than  he. 


HORACE  G.  MOON.  Since  1888,  Mr. 
Moon  has  been  one  of  the  active  men  of  south- 
western Ste\ens  county  and  has  been  occupied 
with  general  farming  and  logging  at  contract 
business  in  the  latter.  He  now  owns  a  good 
farm  about  three  miles  west  from  Scotia,  which 
has  been  improved  by  clearings,  buildings,  and- 
so  forth. 

Horace  G.  Moon  was  born  October  18, 
1876,  the  son  of  George  and  Mary  J.  (Willis) 
Moon,  natives  of  Ohio  and  descendants  from 
prominent  and  wealthy  Scotch  people.  From 
Ohio  they  moved  to  Wisconsin,  settling  in  Eau 


Claire  county,  and  twenty-one  years  later  went 
to  Minnesota  where  they  lived  for  eight  years. 
After  that  they  came  to  Spokane  and  in  1889, 
settled  in  Stevens  county  where  they  now  live. 
Seven  children  were  born  to  them,  George,  de- 
ceased, Samuel,  Emma,  Henry,  Frank,  Wallace, 
and  Horace. 

Horace  G.  Moon  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  Eau  Claire  county  Wisconsin 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty- 
one.  During  the  latter  j-ears  of  this  service, 
however,  Mr.  Moon  labored  also  some  for  him- 
self. In  1896  he  located  on  land  three  miles 
west  from  Scotia,  where  he  now  resides  and 
which  he  has  improved  in  a  good  manner. 
Previous  to  locating  the  land,  Mr.  Moon 
worked  some  time  for  eight  dollars  a  month  and 
learned  logging  and  also  learned  how  to  operate 
an  engine.  Since  then  he  has  been  contin- 
uously engaged  in  improving  his  farm  and 
logging. 

On  August  22,  1895,  Mr.  Moon  married 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  and  Bessie  Jore, 
natives  of  Minnesota  and  who  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  work.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Moon  two  children  have  been  born,  Carrie  and 
Clarence  H.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moon  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  Mr.  Moon  is  an 
active  factor  in  political  matters,  being  allied 
with  the  Liberals. 


CHARLES  GRAHAM.  It  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  are  privileged  to  grant 
a  place  in  this  work  for  the  epitome  of 
the  career  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
because  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
uprig'ht  citizens  of  Stevens  county,  because 
he  manifests  an  excellent  spirit  in  laboring  for 
tb.e  general  development  and  progress  and  lie- 
cause  he  stands  to-day  at  the  head  of  the  fine 
plant,  which  is  the  result  of  his  own  labor  and 
skill.  Mr.  Graham  built  a  very  small  mill  about 
a  mile  south  of  Scotia  and  -for  several  years 
he  has  increased  the  plant  by  his  own  labor  and 
wisdom  until  he  now  has  a  first  class  saw  mill, 
with  all  the  accessories,  which  cuts  twenty 
thousand  feet  and  more  per  day.  He  has  shown 
himself  master  of  his  business  and  to  such  men 
as  he  are  due  the  encomiums  and  approval  of 
all  lovers  of  progress  and  true  civilization. 

Charles  Graham  was  born  in  Prairie  du 
Chien,  Wisconsin  on  June  25,  1869.  the  son  of 


358 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Emanuel  and  ]\Iary  (  Sliimmel )  Graham,  na- 
ti\es  of  Pennsylvania.  They  came  west  from 
their  native  state  Iowa,  then  lived  in  Wiscon- 
sin, later  went  to  Missouri,  then  to  Kansas,  and 
in  1889  came  to  Spokane  county,  where  the 
father  died  in  1891.  The  mother  is  still  living 
in  Stevens  county.  They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  the  following  of  whom  are 
living,  Elmer,  Anderson,  Alfred,  Willard, 
Charles,  Sophia  Baker,  and  Alice  Scrafiford. 

Charles  owes  his  early  educational  training 
to  the  common  schools  in  Ottawa,  Kansas  and 
careful  attention  to  general  reading.  He  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  twenty-six  years 
of  age  and  then  began  the  battle  of  life  for  him- 
self. He  at  once  determined  to  complete  the 
plan  he  had  long  cherished,  that  of  being  pro- 
prietor of  a  saw  mill.  Being  without  means, 
he  labored  single  handed  at  a  great  and  hard 
undertaking,  but  .Mr.  Graham  was  equal  to  the 
occasion  and  has  been  abundantly  successful, 
as  is  evidenced  by  his  present  holdings. 

On  September  3,  1893  ^^r.  Graham  mar- 
ried Laura  J.,  daughter  of  J.  M.  and  Louisa 
Rice.  The  following  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  Mary,  Alice,  Charles,  and  Alvin.  Mr. 
Graham  is  a  good  Republican  and  has  been 
school  director  for  several  terms. 


WILLIAM  L.  CALHOON,  who  has  at 
the  present  period  a  general  merchandise  estab- 
lishment in  Camden  on  the  south  border  of 
Ste\-ens  county,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this 
section  and  one  of  the  highly  respected  and 
substantial  citizens,  whose  labors  have  ever 
been  put  forth  in  wisdom  for  upbuilding  and 
general  progress. 

William  L.  Calhoon  was  born  in  Ralls 
county.  ^Missouri  on  January  23,  1834,  the  son 
of  John  AI.  and  Susan  M.  (Tracv)  Calhoon, 
natives  of  Kentucky.  They  settled  in  3>Iiss- 
ouri  in  early  day,  the  father  giving  his  atten- 
tion to  fanuing  and  cabinet  making.  Eleven 
children  were  born  to  them,  as  follows :  R.  P. ; 
W.  L. :  Henry,  deceased ;  Elizabeth  D. ;  V.  B. ; 
Susan  M. ;  Nicholas ;  J.  W. ;  Hattie ;  Fountain, 
and  Rebecca.  The  father  died  in  February, 
i86t,  and  the  mother  in  September,  i860. 
Our  subject  received  his  educational  training 
in  the  little  log  school  house  in  his  native  place. 
continuing  the  same  during  three  months  of 


each  year.  The  rest  of  his  time  was  spent  in 
assisting  his  father  until  he  was  twenty  years 
old,  when  he  took  a  position  at  fourteen  dollars 
per  month,  working  for  a  neighboring  farmer. 
After  two  years  spent  at  this,  he  learned  the 
plasterer's  trade.  Ne.xt  he  learned  the  car- 
penter's trade  and  did  contracting  for  a  number 
of  years  in  Hannibal,  Missouri.  In  1890  he 
came  to  the  vicinity  of  Caiuden  and  located  on 
unsurveyed  land.  He  improved  his  land  in  ex- 
cellent shape  and  for  nine  years  he  resided 
there.  His  health  failed  and  he  came  to  Cam- 
den, bought  a  stock  of  general  merchandise, 
and  opened  a  store.  For  three  years  he  at- 
tended this  establishment,  being  also  post- 
master, then  resigned  and  visited  friends  and 
relatives  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  In  the 
spring  of  1903,  Air.  Calhoon  came  to  Camden 
and  opened  up  his  present  business. 

In  1862  Mr.  Calhoon  married  Miss  Susan, 
daughter  of  Jeremiah  and  Polina  Lancaster, 
nati\es  of  Kentucky  and  pioneers  of  Missouri. 
The  father  was  a  noted  attorney  in  Ralls  coun- 
ty and  they  were  the  parents  of  si.x  children, 
Albert  G.,  Henry  B.,  Mary,  Eliza,  Susan  and 
Gertrude.  Mr.  and  Airs.  Calhoon  were  the 
parents  of  the  following  children:  William  B., 
in  Seattle:  Clarence  E.,  city  marshall  at  Re- 
public, Washington;  Maude  E.  Alurnan,  a 
widow  residing  in  Stevens  cnunty:  C_'lauile  E., 
in  Alaska;  Stella  E.,  wife  of  William  Kirklin, 
living  in  Camden:  Ollie  M.,  wife  of  James 
Walker  at  Republic,  Washington;  Ernest  C, 
in  Camden.  Ernest  C.  has  recently  returned 
from  a  three  A-ears"  cruise  on  a  LTnited  States 
transport  boat,  having  visited  China,  Japan, 
Australia.  South  .\merica,  Honolulu,  and  var- 
ious other  points. 

Mr.  Calhoon  is  an  active  Republican  and 
ever  takes  keen  interest  in  the  questions  of  the 
day.  He  assisted  in  organizing  district  num- 
ber forty-one,  and  was  director  for  five  suc- 
cessive years.  In  1896  he  was  elected  jvtstice 
of  the  peace.  He  is  a  particular  friend  of  Sena- 
tor Foster.  On  July  i,  1862  Air.  Calhoon  en- 
listed in  Company  E,  State  Alilitia  of  Alissouri 
under  Colonel  Tinker  and  served  in  that  capa- 
city until  August  I,  1864  when  he  A\as  trans- 
ferred to  the  Thirty-ninth  United  States  \'olun- 
teers,  and  was  mustered  out  Alarch  25,  1865  at 
Alacon,  Alissouri.  He  had  been  in  active  ser- 
vice during  si.x  years  and  was  in  the  liattle  in 
lefferson,  Alissouri,  when  Price's  whole  annv 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


359 


was  captured.  Air.  Calhoon  went  in  as  a  pri- 
vate and  advanced  to  tlie  position  of  First 
Lieutenant,  which  commission  he  still  holds 
in  the  Alissouri  Militia.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  also  of  the  Catholic  church. 
Mrs.  Calhoon  died  on  February  4,  1884,  in 
Hannibal,  Missouri. 


WALTER  E.  HOLCOMB,  one  of  the 
energetic  young  business  men  of  Loonlake, 
Stevens  county,  is  foreman  of  the  Holland- 
Horr  Mill  Company,  of  that  place.  He  is  a 
native  of  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  was 
born  on  November  10,  1873.  His  parents 
were  H.  and  Evelin  (Forbush)  Holcomb,  na- 
tives of  Wisconsin.  They  settled  in  Minneap- 
olis, residing  there  until  1889,  when  they  re- 
moved to  Spokane,  where  they  now  live.  The 
father  is  a  millwright,  and  interested  in  the 
Holland-Horr  Mill  Company.  They  are  the 
parents  of  three  children :  Gladys,  married  and 
residing  in  Spokane;  Eva'B.,  living  with  her 
parents  and  Walter  E. 

Graduating  from  a  high  school  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  years,  our  subject  began  learning 
the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  industriously 
followed  five  years.  Then  engaging  in  fne 
mercantile  business  in  Spokane  until  1901,  he, 
at  that  time,  secured  an  interest  in  the  Holland- 
Horr  yUW  Company',  with  which  he  is  now- 
connected.  For  the  past  two  years  he  has  been 
foreman  of  the  mill  at  Loonlake. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  LTnique  Encampment,  No.  32,  and  Hope 
Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  38. 

His  political  affiliations  are  with  the  Re- 
publican party  and  he  takes  an  interest  in  all 
local  affairs. 


LESTER  W.  KEEVIL.  Two  miles  west 
from  Scotia  one  comes  to  the  shores  of  Dia- 
mond lake  and  on  the  border  of  that  beautiful 
body  of  water  is  located  the  home  place  of  the 
subject  of  this  article.  The  farm  was  secured 
from  the  government  by  homestead  right,  and 
was  the  choice  after  extended  search  for  a  first 
class  place  in  Ste\'ens  county.  !Mr.  Keevil  has 
a  good  estate  and  has  spent  the  time  since 
settling  here  in  improving  his  place  and  in  lalxir- 
ing  for  the  general  welfare. 


Lester  W.  Kee\"il  was  born  in  the  \-icinity 
of  Lawrence,  Kansas,  the  son  of  William  and 
Jane  G.  (Seymour)  Keevil,  natives  of  England 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  They  settled  in  early 
day  in  Lawrence,  and  while  on  a  visit  to  Eng- 
land, the  father  was  taken  sick  and  died.  The 
mother  then  married  R.  L.  Fowler  and  removed 
to  Washington  in  1890.  By  the  former  mar- 
riage two  children  were  born,  namely.  I.  O. 
and  L.  W.  By  the  second  marriage  five  children 
were  born,  Irene  E.,  Louis  L.,  Benjamin  N., 
Ernest,  and  Lillie  ]M. 

Lester  W.  was  educated  in  Kansas  and  Ne- 
braska and  when  sixteen  went  to  work  all  the 
time  for  his  parents,  with  whom  he  remained 
until  he  was  twenty-one.  For  three  years  Mr. 
Keevil  labored  on  a  rented  farm  and  in  1890 
came  to  Stevens  county  and  soon  thereafter  he 
located  his  present  good  place.  He  has  the 
place  embellished  with  excellent  improvements, 
as  well  cultivated  fields,  fences,  barns,  out 
buildings,  and  good  residence,  while  an  orchard 
and  stock  are  in  evidence.  In  addition  tn  gen- 
eral farming,  ]\Ir.  Keevil  does  much  lumliering 
and  logging. 

Mr.  Kee\'irs  mother  lives  with  him  and  also 
one  sister  and  one  brother.  He  is  an  active  Re- 
publican and  has  always  evinced  a  keen  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  the  communitv  and  state. 


JOHN  ]\IEEK  has  been  an  extensive  trav- 
eler in  the  western  portion  of  the  United  States 
and  especially  in  the  northwest.  About  1897 
he  settled  on  his  present  place,  one  mile  west 
from  Scotia  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  gardening  and  horticulture.  His 
success  has  been  very  gratifying,  and  he  has 
now  over  six  thousand  bearing  strawberry 
plants,  two  thousand  raspberry  plants,  and 
various  other  varieties  of  fruits.  The  farm  is 
well  improved  with  a  house,  barn,  outbuildings, 
and  so  forth,  and  it  is  evident  that  Mr.  Meek  is 
one  of  the  thrifty  men  of  the  county. 

John  Meek  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Pennsjdvania  on  December  3,  1852,  the  son 
of  J.  B.  and  Jane  (McCracken)  Meek,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  \"irginia,  respectively. 
They  early  settled  in  Greene  county  and  there 
remained  until  the  death  of  the  father,  which 
occurred  while  he  was  on  a  visit  to  Kansas. 
Tliey  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  Alex- 


360 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ander,  Rebeccah.  ^Mary,  John,  Elizabeth,  I\Iar- 
gret.  Ellen,  James  B.,  Lenora,  and  Cal.  John 
received  his  early  education  in  Greene  county 
and  was  favored  with  very  poor  opportunity 
for  that  training  when  he  was  a  child.  When 
he  was  a  lad  of  ten  years  he  came  to  Iowa,  re- 
maining there  until  1871,  in  which  year  he 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Colorado, 
whence  he  journed  to  \\'ashington.  He  re- 
mained in  the  northwest  a  short  time,  then  re- 
turned to  Colorado.  In  1874  we  seen  him  again 
in  Iowa,  whence  ten  years  later  he  came  to  the 
sound  country.  He  lived  in  the  various  settle- 
ments of  that  section,  also  dwelling  in  Pacific 
county  and  about  1891  came  to  Spokane.  Later 
he  located  in  the  Palouse  country  and  in  1897 
he  came  to  his  present  place  and  now  is  one  of 
the  largest  gardeners  and  horticulturists  estab- 
lished in  the  county.  Mr.  Meek  finds  ready 
market  for  all  of  his  productions  and  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  and  well  to  do  citizens  of  the 
community.  He  is  a  man  of  bright  ideas,  con- 
sequently in  political  matters  he  is  independent 
and  liberal,  which  means  that  he  reserves  for  his 
own  decision  the  questions  of  the  day  and  con- 
siders in  a  very  practical  way,  the  issues.  Fra- 
ternally he  is  'affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Mr.  Meek's  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  for 
three  years  and  two  months.  The  .brother 
also  served  one  and  one-half  vears. 


EDWARD  S.  SULLIVAN,  the  stirring 
and  wide-awake  merchant  of  Fruitland,  is  well 
known  in  this  locality  as  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers and  a  man  of  good  ability  and  integrity. 
He  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  on  January 
2,  1865,  the  son  of  IMarcus  C.  and  Charlotte 
(Jackson)  Sullivan,  natives  of  the  same  city. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  place  and  the  Royal  Academic  In- 
stitute of  Belfast.  When  fifteen  he  entered  the 
publishing  house  of  Sullivan  Brothers,  the  firm 
being  composed  of  his  uncle  and  father,  who 
were  successors  to  Robert  Sullivan.  LL.  D.,  T. 
C.  D.,  barrister  at  law,  and  author  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  series  of  text  books  used  in  the 
national  schools  of  Ireland  fifty  years  ago  and 
still  retained.  Five  years  were  spent  in  service 
as  apprentice  in  this  house  and  in  1885  he  came 
to  America,  landing  first  in  New  York.  He 
soon  sped  across  the  continent  to  Portland  and 


thence  found  his  way  to  the  region  of  Fruit- 
land,  where  he  secured  a  stock  farm  by  pur- 
chase and  settled  to  farming  and  raising  stock. 
Success  crowned  his  faithful  and  skillful  labors 
and  he  was  prospered.  Mr.  Sullivan  at  once 
took  a  becoming  interest  in  political  matters 
and  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  man  of  mflu- 
ence  and  ability.  He  has  been  mentioned  on 
the  ticket  and  made  a  good  race.  He  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters.  Marcus  L..  Robert, 
Clementina  Vanston,  Kathleen  and  Violet. 

On  October  2,  1889,  Mr.  Sullivan  married 
Miss  Lucy  A.,  daughter  of  James  M.  and 
Nellie  L.  Allison,  who  are  mentioned  m  this 
work.  Mrs.  Sullivan  was  born  in  Sutter 
county,  California,  on  July  2,  1869.  In  1894 
Mr.  Sullivan  sold  his  interests  here  and  re- 
moved to  Ireland  and  there  took  charge  of  a 
large  estate  until  1902.  He  made  a  good  suc- 
cess of  handling  it  and  demonstrated  his  tact 
gained  as  a  western  farmer.  On  April  5,  1902, 
his  father,  aged  sixty-eight,  passed  the  river 
of  death.     The  mother  still  lives,  aged  sixty. 

On  January  i,  1903,  Mr.  Sullivan,  with  his 
wife  and  five  children,  Clementina  L.,  Marcus 
J.  D.,  Charlotte  B.  P.,  Elizabeth  C.  K..  and 
Edna  V.,  returned  to  Fruitland.  He  at  once 
opened  a  general  merchandise  store  in  Fruitland 
and  is  now  operating  there  with  good  success. 
He  has  a  commodious  two-story  structure,  with 
other  buildings,  and  carries  a  well  selected  stock 
of  all  goods  needed  in  this  locality.  Mr.  Sulli- 
van has  the  energy  and  sound  principles  that 
win  in  this  line  of  business  and  his  entire  walk 
is  dominated  by  excellent  wisdom,  which  quali- 
ties guarantee  him  an  unljounded  success  in  his 
venture.  He  is  a  genial  man  and  has  hosts  of 
friends. 

Since  opening  the  store,  ]\Ir.  Sullivan  has 
added  a  full  line  of  clothing  and  gents  furnish- 
ing goods.  He  also  carries  a  full  stock  of 
farm  implements,  being  agent  for  the  McCor- 
mick  macliinerv  in  the  Fruitland  vallev. 


GEORGE  \\'.  BEA:\I,  one  of  the  energetic 
and  progressi\'e  young  business  men  of  Stevens 
county  is  at  present  foreman  of  the  Washing- 
ton Brick  &  Lime  Company,  of  Clayton. 

Chicago  is  his  native  city,  and  his  birth 
occurred  IMarch  24.  1868.  His  parents  were 
William  and  Catherine  (.-\ckerman)  Beam,  na- 


EDWARD  S.  SULLIVAN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


361 


tives  of  German}'.  At  an  early  age  tliey  came  to 
this  country  and  located  first  in  Chicago,  then 
went  to  Indiana  and  later  to  Iowa.  They  now 
li\e  in  Coeur  d'Alene.  Idaho.  Five  children 
were  born  to  them,  Bertha,  Frank,  Ernest.  Paul, 
and  George. 

During  his  residence  in  Indiana.  George  at- 
tended the  public  schools  in  his  neighborhood, 
and  to  this  preliminary  education  was  added  a 
course  in  a  business  college  in  Chicago.  One 
year  before  reaching  his  majority  he  began  life 
for  himself.  Following  a  short  career  in  the 
grocery  business  in  East  Chicago,  Indiana,  he 
associated  himself  with  a  brick  manufacturing 
company  with  whom  he  remained  until  1899. 
At  that  period  he"  came  to  Stevens  county  and 
began  burning  brick  for  the  Washington  Brick 
&  Lime  Company.  At  the  termination  of  three 
years'  faithful  service  he  was  appointed  fore- 
man of  the  Clayton  branch  of  the  company's 
works,  which  responsible  position  he  still  re- 
tains. 

At  Omaha,  Nebraska,  in  1896.  Mr.  Beam 
\\-as  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Mary  Johnson. 
Her  parents  were  Albion  and  Anna  Johnson, 
nati\-es  of  Sweden,  where  the  father  now  lives. 
The  mother  died  in  the  old  country.  Mrs. 
Beam  has  one  brother  in  Worthington,  Minn- 
esota and  three  sisters  in  Minneapolis,  the  same 
state. 

Three  children  have  blessed  the  union  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Beam.  William,  Anna  and 
Bertha,  all  living  at  present  with  their  parents. 
The  fraternal  affiliations  of  Mr.  Beam  are  with 
the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  being  a  member  of  Sheldon 
Tent  No.  43,  Sheldon,  Iowa.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church.  Politically  his  sym- 
pathies are  with  the  principles  of  the  Republican 
party. 


EDGAR  CHARLES,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  business  men  in  Stevens  county,  en- 
gaged in  lumbering  and  logging  near  Loon  lake, 
was  born  in  Richmond,  Indiana,  March  29, 
1861.  His  parents  were  Joel  and  Mary  (Wil- 
cuts)  Charles,  natives  of  Indiana.  They  re- 
moved to  Kansas,  where  the  mother  died  in 
1872,  the  father  passing  away  in  California  in 
1894.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children, 
seven  of  whom  survive,  viz. :  Jennie,  wife  of  J. 
M.  Stanley,  of  Kansas ;  Emma,  married  to  D. 
C.  Blossom,  residing  in  the  Indian  Territory; 


Clara,  a  resident  of  California;  Lizzie,  wife  of 
Ennis  Crawford,  of  California;  Herbert  and 
Laura,  the  latter  married  to  James  Elsey,  and 
both  residents  of  California,  and  Edgar.  Clara 
has  accumulated  a  fortune  in  the  Golden  state 
by  fortunate  investments  in  real  estate. 

The  common  school  education  received  by 
our  subject  in  the  public  schools  of  Indiana  was 
suppdemented  by  a  course  at  the  Normal  School 
of  Palo,  Kansas,  upon  which  he  entered  in 
1 88 1.  For  eight  years  subsequently  he  was  en- 
gaged in  lumbering,  and  in  1890  he  came  to 
Stevens  county  and  located  a  homestead. 

In  the  year  1896  Mr.  Charles  was  land 
agent  at  Rossland,  British  Columbia,  for  the 
Nelson  &  Ft.  Shepard  Railroad  Company.  In 
1903  he  resigned  and  assumed  charge  of  the 
Thomas  &  Charles  Logging  Company,  Loon 
lake,  with  whom  he  is  at  present  associated. 

Edgar  Charles  was  united  in  marriage  in 
1897  to  Mrs.  Emilie  Gussner,  the  daughter  of 
William  and  Eva  (Schreck)  Ramthun,  natives 
of  Germany.  Mrs.  Charles  was  born  in  Mich- 
igan. She  is  the  mother  of  four  children :  Ed- 
win and  Clara  by  her  present  marriage,  and 
Robert  and  Arthur  b}^  her  former  marriage. 
She  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

The  principles  of  the  Republican  party  are 
endorsed  by  Mr.  Charles,  and  in  1892  he  was 
elected  county  assessor  of  Stevens  county.  Fra- 
ternally he  is  an  Odd  Fellow  and  theologically 
a  Quaker. 


JOSEPH  W.  DUNLAP  is  the  pioneer 
merchant  of  Loonlake,  Stevens  county,  Wash- 
ington. He  has,  also,  there  established  the 
leading  business  in  his  line. 

Born  in  Noble,  Illinois,  October  12,  1863, 
he  is  the  son  of  William  and  Eliza  (Rundle) 
Dunlap,  the  father  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
the  mother  of  Ohio.  Following  their  settle- 
ment in  Illinois  William  Dunlap  died,  the 
mother  passing  away  in  Stevens  county  in 
1900.  Our  subject  is  one  of  a  family  of  four 
children,  two  dying  in  infancy  and  Sarah,  his 
sister,  on  reaching  maturity. 

Joseph  W.  Dunlap  received  a  common 
school  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Illi- 
nois, and|  at  the  premature  age  of  thirteen 
years  began  working  for  himself.  Following 
a  period  of  five  years  with  the  family  of  a 
farmer,  he  obtained  a  situation  in  a  store  where 


362 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


he  remained  industriously  employed'  three 
years.  He  then  went  to  Topeka,  Kansas,  and 
secured  employment  in  the  general  offices  of 
the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Company,  including  one 
year  in  the  auditor's  office. 

His  advent  in  Loonlake,  Stevens  county, 
was  in  1891,  when  he  opened  a  general  store, 
and  is  at  present  carrying  the  largest  stock  of 
general  merchandise  of  any  business  house  in 
town.  He  also  handles  farm  implements,  wood 
and  hay,  and  owns  considerable  town  and  lake 
front  property. 

At  Topeka,  Kansas,  ]\Ir.  Dunlap  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  F.  Hopper,  a  native  of  In- 
diana and  a  daughter  of  C.  B.  and  Hannah 
Hopper.  To  them  were  born  two  children : 
William  F.  and  Alta  AI.  The  mother  died  in 
1895.  In  1897,  Mr.  Dunlap  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Anna  Gowe  Herms,  daughter  of 
J.  C.  and  Elizabeth  Herms,  of  Neosho,  Mis- 
souri, the  father  a  native  of  New  York,  the 
mother  of  Wisconsin.  They  now  reside  in 
Neosho,  Missouri.  The  present  wife  of'  our 
subject  is  highly  accomplished,  having  gradu- 
ated from  a  prominent  ^lissouri  college.  She 
is  the  mother  of  two  children,  Helen  Ethene 
and  Thelma  E.  Mr.  Dunlap  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  at  present  being  banker  of  Loon- 
lake Camp,  No.  7976. 


KENDRICK  S.  WATER^IAN,  the  post- 
master and  a  prominent  business  man  of  Loon- 
lake, Stevens  county,  came  here  in  the  transi- 
tion period  of  \\'ashington,  between  territorial 
government  and  statehood.  He  was  born  in 
Venango  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  25,  1861, 
son  of  O.  D.  and  Olive  ( Kingsley)  ^Vater- 
man.  New  York  was  the  nati\'e  state  of  the 
subject's  father:  his  mother  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania.  Having  considerable  property 
in  Iowa  they  removed  there  in  1873.  I"  1878 
they  went  to  Nebraska,  making  that  state  their 
residence  until  1896,  Avhen,  after  a  short  so- 
journ in  Colorado,  they  came,  in  1899.  to  Ste- 
vens county,  Washington,  where  they  located 
the  property  upon  which  they  now  live.  To 
them  were  born  five  children,  four  of  whom 
survive,  viz.:  Louisa  K.,  wife  of  L.  A.  Davis, 
of  Spokane;  Gertrude,  married  to  George 
McNammara,  in  Nebraska:  Mary  P.,  married 
to  D.  J.  Van  Scyoc.  in  Stevens  county;  and 
Kendrick  S.,  the  subject  of  this  article. 


The  public  schools  of  Cooperstown,  Penn- 
sylvania provided  the  fundamental  education  of 
Kendrick  S.  Waterman.  This  was  amply  sup- 
plemented by  the  advantages  of  a  select  school 
in  Iowa.  Until  the  age  of  twenty  years  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents,  and  then  he  located 
in  Idaho,  where  for  a  few  months  he  worked 
on  the  construction  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line 
railroad.  Thence  he  went  to  Nebraska  and 
came  to  Spokane,  Washington  in  1888.  Since 
1890  he  has  resided  at  Loonlake.  Stevens 
county,  where  he  has  a  homestead  and  consid- 
erable other  property.  Air.  Waterman  began 
a  course  of  law  with  the  Sprague  Correspon- 
dence Bureau  in  1894,  but  owing  to  impaired 
eyesight  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish  this  at 
the  time.  But  in  1900  he  studied  law  with 
Walter  E.  Leigh,  in  Spokane.  Returning  to 
Loonlake  he  assisted  to  organize  the  Loon  Lake 
Lumber  Company,  and  superintended  the  erec- 
tion of  the  mill.  May  i,  1902,  he  opened  the 
store  which  he  now  conducts.  In  July  of  the 
same  year  he  was  appointed  postmaster. 

Mary  A.  Lenock,  to  whom  Mr.  W^aterman 
was  married  in  1883,  was  the  daughter  of  ^\'es- 
ley  and  Mary  Lenock,  natives  of  Bohemia. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  when  young, 
and  settled  in  Iowa  county,  Iowa.  The  mother 
died  in  1899:  the  father  still  lives.  They  were 
the  parents  of  six  children,  three  of  whom  sur- 
vive :  Annie,  Joseph  and  Katie. 

Two  children  of  a  family  of  three  remain  10 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Waterman :  Laura  and  Dwight. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  was  justice  of  the  peace 
six  years  and  notary  public  four  years.  He  is 
at  present  a  member  of  the  school  board  of 
Loonlake. 


JOHN  L.  SAIITH  is  one  of  the  sturdy 
German  pioneers  of  Washington,  having  come 
in  the  territorial  days  of  1883.  On  May  31, 
1849,  i"  Saxony,  Germany,  he  was  born,  the 
son  of  Karl  and  Sophia  Smith.  They  were  the 
parents  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  sur- 
vive: Christie,  \\'ilhelm,  Carl,  Ernest,  Augusta, 
Johanna,  and  John,  our  subject. 

Until  the  age  of  fifteen  the  latter  attended 
the  common  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and 
then  struck  out  for  himself  in  the  business  of 
handling  horses,  at  which  he  became  quite  ex- 
pert. Having  learned  of  the  opportunities  of- 
fered bv  the  land  across  the  sea.  he  came  to  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


363 


United  States  in  1879,  landing  at  Baltimore, 
Marj-land.  Thence  he  removed  to  !\Iissouri, 
from  that  place  to  Ilhnois,  wliere  he  Hved  four 
years,  and  thence  to  Spokane,  Washington,  in 
1883,  where  he  resided  until  1891,  when  he 
went  to  Stevens  cq^inty.  In  1892  Air.  Smith 
located  a  homestead  and,  also,  purchased  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  upon  which  he  now 
lives,  one  mile  southeast  of  Loon  lake,  Stevens 
county.  He  is  comfortably  surrounded  by 
man  improvements  in  the  way  of  good  house, 
barns,  outbuildings,  fences,  orchards,  and  so 
forth.  He  is  devoted  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising. 

In  1886  Air.  Smith  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Aliss  Catherine  Kekoff,  born  in  Oldenburg, 
Germany.  She  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1883.  Three  children  have  been  bom  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Smith :  Gray,  Ben  and  Ernest.  Mr. 
Smith  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Evan- 
gelical church,  and  are  highly  esteemed  in  the 
community  in  which  they  reside. 


THOMAS  H.  HOLLAND,  one  pf  the 
leading  and  eminently  successful  lumbermen  of 
Stevens  county,  was  born  in  York  county.  New 
Brunswick,  Jmie  24,  185V  His  parents, 
Francis  and  Mary  (Haley)  Holland,  were  na- 
tives of  Ireland,  coming  to  New  Brunswick  in 
1837  where  they  passed  their  lives,  the  father 
dying  at  the  age  of  ninety-one,  the  mother  at 
eighty-seven.  To  them  were  born  these  chil- 
dren, viz. :  John,  deceased,  Daniel,  Francis, 
William,  all  of  New  Brunswick ;  James,  in 
Lincoln  county,  Washington ;  Patrick,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, Pennsylvania;  Jeremiah;  Julia  A., 
deceased:  Ellen,  wife  of  William  Daley,  York 
county,  New  Brunswick ;  and  Thomas,  subject 
of  this  article. 

An  excellent  education  was  obtained  by  the 
latter  in  the  public  schools  of  his  neighborhood, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  came  to 
the  United  States,  at  first  to  California.  This 
was  in  1876,  and  he  remained  in  the  Golden 
state  two  years,  going  thence  to  Oregon  where 
he  engaged  in  the  sawmill  business  for  five 
years.  In  1888  Air.  Holland  went  to  Spokane 
and  entered  into  his  favorite  pursuit,  that  of 
the  manufacture  of  lumber,  and  which  he  has 
since  continued.  He  settled  in  Stevens  county 
in   1892,  and   formed  a  partnership  with  the 


Horr  Brothers  under  the  firm  name  of  the  Hol- 
land-Horr  Lumber  Company.  They  have  mills 
at  Loon  lake  and  Clayton,  and  a  sash  and  door 
factory  at  Spokane.  The  company  controls 
nineteen  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Stevens 
county,  and  Mr.  Holland  owns,  personally, 
four  hundred  and  forty  acres.  Their  output 
of  Loon  lake  lumber  is  five  million  feet 
annually. 

In  1881  Mr.  Holland  was  married  to 
Josephine  Wattier,  daughter  of  Volier  and 
Silva  (Barbra)  Wattier,  the  father  a  native  of 
France  and  the  mother  of  Germany.  They  are 
the  parents  of  seven  children  :  George,  deceased, 
William,  Francis,  Volier,  Silva,  Barbara,  and 
Josephine,  wife  of  our  subject.  The  union  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holland  has  been  blessed  with 
two  children.  Alary  and  Silva,  both  of  whom  re- 
side with  their  parents. 

Politically  Air.  Holland  is  in  line  with  the 
Democratic  party.  In  the  campaigii  of  1902 
he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  state  senator 
against  AI.  E.  Stansell,  the  Republican  candi- 
date, and  running  ahead  of  his  ticket,  was  de- 
feated by  only  eiglity-seven  plurality.  He  has 
served  as  school  director  for  many  terms,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1903,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  Fraternallv  he  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O. 
T.  AI.  and  the  AI.'W.  A. 


MONROE  L.  SHARP,  a  prominent  busi- 
ness man  and  hotel  proprietor  of  Loonlake, 
Ste\'ens  county,  first  came  to  Washington  about 
the  period  of  its  organization  as  a  state.  He  is 
a  native  of  Canada,  born  December  9,  1855, 
son  of  James  and  Harriet  (Richardson)  Sharp. 
The  mother  was  born  in  England,  April  17, 
1834  and  died  April  15,  1876.  She  came  to  the 
United  States  at  the  age  of  four  years.  James 
Sharp  was  a  native  of  Canada,  born  Alay  14, 
1832,  and,  following  the  death  of  his  wife,  re- 
moved to  Alaryland  where  he  now  lives.  Seven 
children  were  born  to  them,  three  of  whom, 
Melissa,  Jesse  and  Josephine  are  deceased.  The 
survivors  are  Governor;  Ida,  wife  of  Bert 
Beebe,  of  Alichigan  ;  George,  now  in  Alaryland ; 
and  Alonroe  L.,  our  subject. 

The  latter  attended  public  school  until  the 
age  of  fourteen  at  Sharpville,  Alichigan,  named 
in  honor  of  his  grandfather.  Then  he  began 
workins;  for  his  father,  with  whom  he  remained 


364 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


until  twenty  years  of  age.  Removing  then  to 
a  farm  in  Newaygo  county,  Michigan,  he  made 
for  himself  a  good  home  on  a  farm,  which  he 
continued  to  cuUivate  until  1883,  when  he  went 
to  Maryland  and  followed  the  business  of 
brickmaking  six  years.  He  came  to  Spokane, 
Washington,  in  1889,  pursuing  the  business  of 
a  carpenter  ten  months.  His  advent  in  Loon- 
lake,  Stevens  county,  was  made  in  1890.  He 
resided  on  a  piece  of  railroad  land  four  years, 
and  cleared  twenty-five  acres.  Subsequently 
he  homesteaded  a  cjuarter  section  of  land  at 
Deer  Lake,  which  he  materially  improved,  and 
converted  into  an  excellent  hay  farm.  In  1902, 
Mr.  Sharp  removed  to  Loonlake  and  purchased 
the  hotel  property  which  he  now  successfully 
conducts,  having  made  a  number  of  valuable 
improvements.  He  has  also  built  two  resi- 
dences, and  purchased  a  third,  all  of  which  he 
rents  at  present. 

Mrs.  Sharp  was  formerly  Amelia  J.  Saun- 
ders, and  is  the  daughter  of  James  and  Unis  A. 
(Reed)  Saunders,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Canada,  respectively.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sharp 
were  married  in  Lapeer  count\%  Michigan,  on 
August  20.  1876,  and  to  them  have  been  born 
the  following  named  children :  Jesse  R.,  De- 
cember 17,  1877;  Mrs.  Nettie  ]M.  Oman,  March 
5.  1880:  Elmer  L.,  April  19.  1881 ;  Amy  A. 
Lind,  March  25,  1883;  Gracie  E.,  May  12, 
1888:  Mina  P.,  June  20,  1891 ;  Ruby  M.,'May 
II,  1895  ;  and  Monroe  J.,  July  24.  1901.  Mrs. 
Sharp  was  born  in  Michigan,  on  August  8, 
i860,  and  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters:  Elbert  J.,  Gilbert  J..  ]\Irs.  Edith 
N.  Malvin,  Mrs.  Margaret  Thawley.  ^Irs.  Net- 
tie Wix,  Monroe  L.,  Annie,  and  Frankie.  jNIrs. 
Sharp  has  one  grandchild,  Lawrence  E.  Oman, 
born  November  13,  1901. 

The  political  principles  of  Mr.  Sharp  are 
in  line  with  those  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
he  has  served  as  deputy  under  Sheriff  INIcMil- 
lan,  of  Ste\-ens  countv. 


WESLIE  SHERMAN  WILLIAMS  is 
one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  and  stockmen  of 
Washington,  having  located  in  Stevens  county, 
where  he  now  resides,  as  early  as  1888. 

He  was  born  in  W^ayne  county,  Indiana, 
September  2,  1872,  and  his  parents  were  Valen- 
tine and  ]Marv  f  Pavne)  ^^'illiams,  both  of  them 


natives  of  Indiana.  In  1887  they  located  in 
Oregon,  remaining  there  but  one  year,  and 
coming  to  Spokane  and  Stevens  county  in 
1888,  where  they  have  since  resided.  They 
were  the  parents  of  three  children :  E.  P.,  in 
Spokane;  J.  E.,  a  resident  of  Stevens  county; 
and  the  subject  of  this  article,  Weslie,  Sherman 
Williams. 

The  latter  received  such  education  as  is 
afforded  by  a  public  school  in  Kansas,  and  at 
the  early  age  of  fourteen  years  he  began  to 
carve  out  his  fortune,  his  first  employment  be- 
ing in  railroad  work.  Subsequently  he  con- 
ducted a  milk  route,  in  Oregon,  and  in  1888  he 
settled  in  Stevens  county,  Washington,  locat- 
ing a  homestead  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  forty  acres  of  which  are  under  cultiva- 
tion. The  property  is  fenced  and  he  has  six 
hundred  fruit  trees,  considerable  stock  and 
good  buildings. 

Politically  ]Mr.  Williams  is  a  Liberal,  but 
he  takes  the  interest  of  a  good  citizen  in  all 
local  affairs,  political  or  otherwise. 


FRED  E.  WILSON  illustrates  the  evolu- 
tion of  the  colored  race  in  the  tinited  States 
toward  a  betterment  of  primitive  conditions. 
He  was  born  in  Franklin  parish.  St.  Mary's 
Louisiana,  Nevember  25,  1859.  His  parents 
were  Henry  and  Sarah  (Davis)  \\'^ilson,  the 
father  a  native  of  Vermont,  the  mother  of 
Louisiana,  November  25,  1859.  His  parents 
family,  and  their  ancestors  had  been  slaves  for 
many  generations.  The  father  was  a  victim  of 
the  Civil  war,  and  for  twenty  years  following 
its  conclusion  the  mother  practiced  as  a  mid- 
wife in  Louisiana. 

It  was  but  a  limited  education  received  by 
our  subject,  and  that  was  obtained  in  a  private 
school,  until  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  was 
matriculated  in  New  Orleans  University,  grad- 
uating in  1880,  at  the  age  of  tweaty-one  years. 
He  then  came  north  and  engaged  in  the  hotel 
and  railroad  business  until  1890.  He  first  lo- 
cated in  Spokane  in  1888,  assuming  charge  of 
the  Grand  hotel,  until  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Spokane 
hotel  as  head  waiter,  where  he  remained  until 
the  fall  of  1890,  when  he  settled  in  Stevens 
county  and  bought  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  land  upon  which  he  now  lives,  eighty  acres 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


365 


being  improved.  He  is  engaged  in  general 
farming  and  the  stock  business. 

In  1883  Air.  Wilson  was  married  to  Ida 
Weaver,  daughter  of  Andrew  Anderson.  She 
is  a  native  of  Sweden,  coming  to  the  United 
States  in  1877.  She  has  one  child  by  a  former 
marriage,  Clara  Weaver.  Air.  and  Airs.  Wil- 
son are  the  parents  of  two  children,  Fred  E. 
and  Ethel,  both  of  whom  reside  with  their 
parents. 

Air.  Wilson  manifests  a  lively  interest  in 
local  politics,  and  is  classed  as  a  Liberal.  He  is 
at  present  director  and  clerk  of  the  school  dis- 
trict in  which  he  resides.  Airs.  Wilson  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


DENNIS  DECKER.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  a  member  of  that  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  whose  numbers  are  yearly  growing 
smaller.  He  is  also  a  descendant  of  a  long  line 
of  patriotic  ancestors,  antedating  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  in  which  his  maternal  grand- 
father took  an  active  part. 

Hancock  county,  Ohio,  is  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  his  birth  occurring  August  2,  1837. 
His  parents  were  John  and  Agnes  Decker,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania  and  descendants  of  Hol- 
land ancestry.  They  settled  in  Hancock  county 
where  they  raised  thirteen  children,  Dennis  be- 
ing the  youngest.  Three  months  out  of  the 
year  in  a  log  school  house  provided  his  educa- 
tion, and  thus  equipped  he  liegan  life  for  him- 
self at  he  age  of  eighteen  years.  He  removed 
to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  near  Sigourney, 
Keokuk  county,  and  here  he  remained  until 
1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-third  Iowa 
Infantry,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  in  the  command  of  General  Steele, 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Helena,  Arkansas, 
Saline  Pass  and  a  number  of  serious  skirmishes. 
Twice  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  lay  in  Con- 
federate stockades  in  Texas.  At  Davenport, 
Iowa,  on  June  14.  1865,  he  was  mustered  out. 

For  a  number  of  years  he  followed  the  trade 
of  a  plasterer  in  Iowa,  going  thence  to  Nebras- 
ka, where  he  lived  five  years,  engaged  princi- 
pally in  farming.  In  1888  he  visited  Puget 
Sound,  but  in  1891  he  located  in  Stevens 
county  on  the  farm  which  he  at  present  success- 
fully conducts.  He  is  surrounded  with  the  con- 
veniences of  life,  and  (li\-ides  his  time  between 
agricultural  pursuits  and  his  trade. 


In  1857  Air.  Decker  married  Emily  AI. 
Landers,  daughter  of  William  and  Alary  A. 
(Brown)  Landers,  natives  of  Kentucky. 
They  have  four  children:  Alary  E.,  wife  of 
Charles  Shepard,  of  Spokane;  Alartha  E.,  re- 
siding in  Alinneapolis,  Alinnesota;  John  W.,  in 
Stevens  county;  and  Perry  T.,  a  resident  of 
Spokane. 

Air.  Decker  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of 
the   Christian  church. 


CHARLES  H.  ARNOLD,  of  Loonlake, 
Stevens  county,  has  led  an  eventful  and  success- 
ful life.  He  is  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Almeda 
(Butts)  Arnold,  and  was  born  in  Augusta, 
Alaine,  December  25,  1847.  His  father  was 
one  of  the  influential,  progressive  men  of 
Augusta,  and  prominent  in  municipal  affairs. 
Both  parents  are  buried  at  Augusta. 

L'ntil  the  age  of  se\-«nteen,  Charles  H. 
Arnold  attended  the  excellent  public  schools  of 
Augusta,  when  he  enlisted,  January  i,  1864, 
in  Company  E,  Fourteenth  Alaine  Infantry. 
Following  the  close  of  the  war,  he  attended 
school  another  year,  and,  in  1867,  removed  to 
Alontana,  where  he  was  associated  with  a  fur 
company  and  with  which  he  remained  three 
months.  At  the  time  of  the  Nez  Perce  Indian 
outbreak  he  was  connected  with  the  Pony  Ex- 
press, in  government  service.  He  then  estab- 
lished a  trading  post  in  Wyoming,  dealing  with 
the  Ute  Indians.  In  1879  he  began  work  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  with  which  he 
remained  until  its  completion.  Air.  Arnold  was 
the  first  white  man  who  held  land  on  the  Little 
Spokane  river  against  the  Indians,  and  he  lived 
upon  it  three  years.  He  then  came  to  Loon- 
lake, Stevens  county,  purchased  a  half  section 
of  railroad  land,  and  also  takin  up  a  home- 
stead of  one  hundred  and  sixt)'  acres.  He  is 
interested  in  the  Loonlake  Development  Com- 
pany, and  the  owner  of  considerable  stock. 

On  September  13,  1880,  Air.  Arnold  was 
married  to  Aliss  Laura  E.  Dyer,  daughter  of 
Abraham  and  Alinerva  Dyer,  natives  of  Kan- 
sas. She  crossed  the  plains  to  California  with 
her  parents  while  yet  a  babe.  Their  marriage 
was  the  first  wedding  in  Spokane.  Airs.  Ar- 
nold's father  lives  on  the  Columbia  river,  and 
is  postmaster  of  Dyer,  named  in  his  honor. 
He  was  the  father  of  four  children,   two  of 


366 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOxN. 


\\iioni  are  li\"ing.  William  and  Laura.  Our 
subject  has  the  toll(j\\ing  named  sisters  and 
brothers,  Hannah,  Almeda,  Celia,  ]\Iary  E.. 
Alice  V.  and  John  F. 

Until  the  assassination  of  President  Gar- 
field j\lr.  Arnold  was  a  Republican.  Since 
then  he  has  affiliated  with  the  Democratic  party 
and  in  1901  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
state  convention  at  Spokane.  He  is  a  member 
of  Reno  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Spokane.  Mrs.  Ar- 
nold is  a  member  of  the  IMethodist  Episcopal 
church. 


HON.  JOHN  L.  ^lETCALFE,  well 
known  and  popular  as  an  attorney  and  real 
estate  dealer  in  Springdale,  Stevens  county, 
may  be  classed  as  one  of  the  pioneers  who 
came  to  Washington  while  it  \vas  yet  under  ter- 
ritorial government.  A  man  of  sterling  ability, 
and  highly  educated,  he  is,  apparently,  enter- 
ing upon  a  political  career  destined  to  be  an 
honor  to  himself  and  creditable  to  his  constitu- 
ents. 

He  was  born  in  \\'ashington  county,  Texas, 
the  son  of  James  K.  and  Sarah  (Shackleford) 
Metcalfe,  the  father  a  native  of  Kentucky,  the 
mother  of  Tennessee.  In  1872  they  removed 
to  New  Mexico,  where  the  father  now  resides. 
The  wife  and  mother  died  in  1884.  The  family 
of  children  consisted  of  four  toys  and  one  girl, 
Mary  T.,  now  in  New  Mexico;  Charles  B. ; 
Robert  J.;  Ornick  B.,  and  John  L.,  our  sub- 
ject. At  one  period  of  his  career  the  father 
scouted  for  General  A.  J.  Smith  during  the 
Rogue  River  Indian  war,  in  Oregon. 

John  L.  Metcalfe  was  matriculated  in  the 
Denver  University,  in  Colorado,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  with  honors.  On  gaining  his 
majority  he  was,  for  two  years,  employed  as  a 
reporter  on  a  newspaper,  and  in  1887  he  re- 
moved to  Spokane,  W'ashington.  The  follow- 
ing two  years  he  was  employed  in  the  land 
office.  He  went  to  Stevens  county  in  1889, 
where  he  as  first  pursued  various  avocations, 
eventually  opening  a  real  estate  office  and  prac- 
ticing law,  for  which  he  is  eminently  cjualified. 

The  political  issues  of  the  day  Mr.  Metcalfe 
regards  from  a  Socialist  point  of  view.  In 
1890  he  was  nominated  for  the  state  legislature 
and  elected.  During  this  term  of  service  he 
made  direct  charges  in  a  sensational  bribery 
case,  and  the  Republican  members  unanimously 


voted  to  sustain  them.  In  1896  he  served  as 
a  delegate  in  the  national  Republican  conven- 
tion that  nominated  McKinley,  at  St.  Louis. 
In  1897  he  was  elected  auditor  of  Stevens 
county  by  a  large  plurality. 

In  1887  Mr.  Metcalfe  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  ]\Iiss  Clara  B.  Ledgerwood,  daughter 
of  James  and  Louise  Ledgerwood.  They  were 
the  parents  of  seven  children.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Metcalfe  have  two  children,  Nina  L.  and 
Joseph  L. 

During  his  residence  in  Stevens  county  Mr. 
JNIetcalfe  has  accumulated  considerable  farm 
propertv  and  other  real  estate.  He  is  a  member 
of  Colv'ille  Lodge,  No.  50,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 


SWAN  WTLLMAN,  of  Loonlake,  Stev- 
ens county,  is  a  man  who  has  overcome  difficul- 
ties by  hard  work  and  force  of  character.  Pos- 
sessed of  no  special  advantages,  and  entirely 
unassisted,  he  has  won  his  way  to  competence, 
and  is  now  surrounded  by  home  comforts,  the 
attainment  of  which  has  cost  many  a  struggle 
with  adverse  circumstances. 

He  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  in  Helsing- 
land,  June  25,  183 1.  In  that  country  it  is  cus- 
tomary for  children  to  take  the  name  of  the 
estate  upon  which  their  parents  live  at  the 
period  of  their  birth,  so  it  is  not  strange  that 
our  subject  should  be  the  son  of  Swan  and 
Carrie  Tulberg.  During  the  greater  portion 
of  his  life  the  father  followed  the  sea  for  a 
living.  Five  children  were  born  to  the  Tul- 
bergs,  four  of  whom  survive,  Olaf,  Bretac, 
Louis,  and  Swan,  our  subject. 

L'ntil  the  age  of  thirteen  years  the  latter  at- 
tended school  and  contributed  by  his  youthful 
labor  to  the  maintenance  of  his  parents.  Com- 
ing to  the  United  States  in  1865,  he  first  located 
in  ^Massachusetts,  going  thence  to  Illinois  for 
one  year,  thence  to  Iowa  for  eight  years,  where 
he  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  At  one 
period  he  was  a  resident  of  Portland,  Oregon ; 
at  another  of  Tacoma,  Washington.  In  the 
latter  city  he  secured  a  two  years'  contract  for 
cutting  wood,  which  was  fairly  remunerative. 
He  then  came  to  Spokane,  \\'ashington,  re- 
mained two  years  engaged  in  a  ^•ariety  of  occu- 
pations, and  in  1888  settled  in  Loonlake,  Stev- 
ens county.  The  following  three  years  he 
hunted  deer  for  a  li\ing,  and  subsequently 
worked  in  the  Loonlake  ice  house. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


367 


It  was  not  until  1891  that  he  located  the 
homestead  where  he  now  lives,  having  thirty 
acres  under  the  plow,  good  house,  and  out- 
buildings, orchard,  and  other  improvements. 
He  estimates  the  timber  stumpage  on  his  prop- 
erty at  seven  hundred  thousand  feet.  He  also 
devotes  considerable  attention  to  stock-raising. 

In  1856  Mr.  Willman  married  JNIiss  Annie 
Johnson,  a  native  of  Sweden.  To  them  have 
been  born  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, S.  O. ;  Carrie,  widow  of  M.  M.  Mathers ; 
Mary,  and  Louise.  The  parents  are  members 
of  the  Swedish  Mission  church. 

In  1903  Mr.  \\'illman  built  a  comfortable 
residence  in  Loonlake,  which  he  now  occupies, 
but  still  oversees  his  farm  property. 


CALVIX  H.  MEYERS,  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful farmers  and  stockmen  of  Stevens  coun- 
ty, located  in  Washington  while  it  was  yet 
a  territory.  He  was  born  at  Brookville,  Illinois, 
October  14,  1863,  the  son  of  Peter  E.  and  Ann 
(Hoffhine)  ]\Ie}-ers.  Pennsylvania  was  the 
birthplace  of  the  father,  Ohio  of  the  mother. 
They  at  first  settled  in  Brookfield,  thence  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  then  back  to  Brookfield,  and,  in 
1884  they  came  to  Spokane  county,  where  they 
at  present  reside.  Three  children  were  born 
to  them:  Wallace,  a  resident  of  Deer- Park; 
Ella,  wife  of  John  Beard,  of  Deer  Park;  and 
Calvin  H.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

The  latter  secured  a  practical  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Brookfield,  after  which  he 
worked  for  his  parents  until  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-two years,  when  he  entered  upon  his  per- 
sonal career.  Coming  west  in  1884  he  worked 
at  whatever  he  could  find  to  do,  and  in  1887 
located  in  Stevens  county.  He  purchased  rail- 
road land  and  began  farming  and  stock  raising, 
At  present  he  has  eighty  acres  under  the  plow, 
cuts  a  considerable  quantity  of  hay,  and  feeds 
twenty-seven  head  of  stock. 

Mr.  Meyers  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs. 
Ellen  Rudick  in  1891.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
William  and  Mary  (\Vright)  Gilliland,  her 
father  being  a  native  of  Ohio,  her  mother  of 
Missouri.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  chil- 
dren, Ellen.  Lovina,  George,  Rosa  E.,  and 
Julia  M. 

Mr.  i\Ieyers  is  liberal  in  politics,  non-parti- 
san and   independent.     He  has  served  a  two 


years'  term  as  justice  of  the  peace  in  a  manner 
entirely  satisfactory  to  the  community  in  which 
he  resides. 


OLIVER  U.  HAWKINS,  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Springdale  Record,  Stevens 
county,  has  been  an  active  and  enterprising  citi- 
zen of  the  town  since  1900. 

He  was  born  in  Schuyler  county,  Illinois, 
September  16,  1868,  the  son  of  James  and  Mar- 
tha (Kenny)  Hawkins.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Illinois,  the  mother  of  Ohio.  They 
located  in  Illinois  at  an  early  day.  The  father 
of  James  Hawkins  served  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  James,  himself,  was  a  veteran  of  the 
Civil  War,  having  passed  three  years  in  the 
service,  during  which  time  he  endured  many 
hardships.  He  was  mustered  out  at  Mobile 
August  12,  1865.  He  died  July  9,  1903.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  died  April  22,  1876. 
Three  children  were  born  to  them ;  Emmaletta, 
residing  with  her  brother ;  John,  living  in  Ste- 
vens county;  and  Oliver  L".,  our  subject. 

Having  secured  an  excellent  education  in 
Cass  and  }iIorgan  counties,  Illinois,  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  began  working  with  his  father 
in  the  broom  manufacturing  business,  which 
employment  he  continued  eight  or  ten  years. 
He  then  went  to  Alissouri  and  published  a  news- 
paper, the  only  Republican  organ  in  Shelby 
county.  It  is  now  called  the  Fanners'  Faz'oritc. 
This  property  he  disposed  of  in  1889,  and 
opened  a  broom  factory,  conducting  the  same 
but  a  short  period.  Returning  to  Illinois  he 
engaged  in  farming  for  two  years.  He  then 
went  to  Malcomb,  Illinois,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed in  different  newspaper  ofiices,  and  then 
moved  to  Brooklyn,  Illinois,  where  for  the  fol- 
loying  four  years  he  drove  stage. 

In  1900  'Sir.  Hawkins  came  to  Stevens 
county,  and  in  1902  he  put  forth  the  first  issue 
of  the  Springdale  Record,  a  meritorious  publi- 
cation, now  having  a  large  circulation  and  other 
evidences  of  prosperity.  On  May  5,  1889,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  IMiss  Lieuvenia  Hop- 
per, daughter  of  Shelby  and  Emily  (Simms) 
Hopper,  natives  of  Illinois.  They  settled  in 
Shelby  county,  where  the  father  died  in  1899. 
The  mother  is  still  a  resident  of  that  county. 
To  them  were  born  nine  children,  seven  of 
whom  are  still  living:  Elisha  and  Matthew,  at 
Kallispel,   Montana;   Minnie,   in   Omaha,   Ne- 


368 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


braska;  Alice,  wife  of  Levi  E.  West,  in  San- 
dusky, Montana;  Amos,  at  Augusta,  Illinois; 
Alfred,  in  Colorado;  Jesse,  in  Shelby  county, 
^Missouri. 

Mr.  and  Airs.  Hawkins  lia\e  four  children, 
Monia,  Harold,  Hazel,  and  Chester. 

He  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and,  as  an  intiu- 
ential  editor,  manifests  a  lively  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  that  party.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  at  present  being  V.  C.  of  his  camp; 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  ]Mrs.  Hawkins  is  a 
member  of  the  R.  N.  A.,  of  which  she  is  Re- 
ceiver, and  of  the  Congregational  church. 


JOHN  S.  GRAY  is  among  the  most  promi- 
nent mining  men  of  Stevens  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  with  a  veteran's  \\ar  record  of  which 
he  may  well  be  proud. 

The  son  of  John  B.  and  Eliza  J.  (Stephens) 
Gray,  he  was  born  September  20,  1843,  in 
Monroe  county,  Iowa.  His  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Vermont,  and  came  to  Monroe  county 
previous  to  the  Black  Hawk  purchase.  To 
John  B.  Gray  is  given  the  credit  of  naming  the 
city, of  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  he  was  its  first 
postmaster.  To  them  were  born  seven  chil- 
dren :  Abigail  A. ;  Mary  F.,  married  to  O.  A. 
Barber;  Lilias,  deceased;  Eunice  E.,  wife  of 
F.  A.  French,  of  Keokuk,  Iowa;  W.  H.,  in 
Monroe  county,  Iowa;  James  A.,  at  Kirkville, 
Missouri ;  and  John  S.,  our  subject. 

Having  obtained  a  high  school  education  in 
Iowa,  the  latter,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  enlisted 
in  the  Thirty-sixdi  Iowa  Infantry,  Company 
D,  Captain  T.  B.  Hale,  serving  three  years. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Helena,  Ar- 
kansas, and  Shellmound,  Mississippi,  and  was 
with  General  Steele  in  the  Little  Rock  expedi- 
tion, and  also  under  General  Banks.  He  was 
captured  and  served  ten  months  in  Camp  Ford, 
Tyler,  Texas.  When  finally  exchanged  he 
went  to  his  regiment,  in  Arkansas,  and  served 
with  distinction  until  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Davenport,  Iowa.  He  then  followed  farming 
tmtil  1871,  and  came  to  Oregon,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1875,  coming  to  Spokane  county, 
where  he  began  farming  and  stockraising.  In 
1880,  following  the  death  of  his  wife,  he  began 
mining,  and  in  this  business  he  has  acumulated 
much  valuable  property.  He  controls  mines  in 
Huckleberrv,  Thunder  Mountain,  Seven  De\-- 


ils,  and  Bufifalo  Hump.  His  holdings  in  Seven 
Devils  are  estimated  to  be  worth  fully  forty 
thousand  dollars. 

In  1865  Mr.  Gray  was  married  to  Francis 
Xichodemus,  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy 
Xichodemus.  His  daughter,  Grace,  is  married 
to  E.  D.  Layman,  of  Walla  Walla,  Washing- 
ton. In  1886  Mr.  Gray  was  married  to  Miss 
Jessie  L.,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Ruth  (How- 
erton)  Reams.  She  was  born  in  California,  and 
is  the  mother  of  two  children,  Eva  H.  and  Earl 
H.,  both  now  living  with  their  parents. 

The  political  affiliations  of  Mr.  Gray  are 
with  the  Republican  party.  During  the  past 
four  years  he  has  been  precinct  commiteeman, 
and  has  served  five  years  as  school  clerk  of  the 
town  of  Springdale.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  His  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  R.  N.  A.,  and  of  the  Missionary 
Baptist  church,  of  Wenatchee,  Washington. 

It  is  a  matter  of  important  history  that  "Sir. 
Gray  wrote  the  first  charter  for  the  town  of 
Spokane  Falls,  being  the  first  town  clerk.  He 
was  also  justice  of  the  peace  and  was  very 
closely  identified  with  the  starting  of  that  now 
thriving  city,  as  well  as  with  Spokane  county. 
Mr.  Gray  is  justified  in  a  pardonable  pride 
taken  in  the  fact  that  he  was  president  of  the 
day  for  the  first  celebration  ever  held  at 
Spokane  Falls  for  the  Fourth.    It  was  in  1876. 


JASPER  N.  STORM,  deceased.  The 
subject  of  this  memoir  came  to  Loonlake, 
Stevens  county,  in  1888.  Here  he  located  a 
homestead  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
upon  which  his  widow  at  present  resides. 

He  was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Illinois, 
December  10,  1848.  His  parents,  Jesse  and 
Louise  (Price)  Storm,  in  early  life  located  in 
Shelby  county,  and  followed  the  occupation  of 
farming.  Their  surviving  children  are  Mrs. 
Morgan,  living  on  the  Columbia  river,  Stevens 
county ;  Mary,  wife  of  Robert  Winnings,  of 
Stevens  county ;  and  Jasper  N. 

Until  the  age  of  nineteen  the  latter  attended 
the  public  schools  of  Shelby  county,  and  at  that 
period  removed  to  Kansas,  where  for  the  fol- 
lowing twelve  years  he  engaged  in  general 
farming  and  stock  raising.  He  then  lived  two 
years  in  Arkansas,  coming  to  Stevens  county, 
^^'ashington,  in  1888.    He  located  a  homestead. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


369 


cleared  fifty  acres,  and  converted  the  property 
into  a  fine  farm,  now  the  home  of  his  widow, 
Mrs.  Elzina  Storm.  He  died  in  1897.  He  is 
survived  by  his  widow  and  seven  children,  viz. : 
Tolbert;  George;  Belle,  wife  of  Oliver  Cline, 
Seattle;  Grace,  married  to  Willis  Gott,  Seattle; 
Jesse,  residing-  with  his  mother ;  Cleveland ;  and 
Jasper. 

His  marriage  to  Elzina  Basham,  daughter 
of  Tolbert  and  Anne  (Bowman)  Basham,  oc- 
curred May  25,  1867.  Her  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Indiana,  and  settled  there  when  they 
were  children.  Subsequently  they  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  the  father  died.  The  widow  re- 
turned to  Indiana,  where  she  passed  away  in 
1900.  Mrs.  Storm  was  born  in  Indiana,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1852,  where  she  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated. Her  husband  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  of  the  United  Brethren  church. 


JERRY  YOUNG,  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful and  enterprising  farmers  and  stock- 
men of  Stevens  county,  located  on  the  home- 
stead where  he  now  lives  in  1884.  He  devotes 
his  attention  to  general  farming,  stock-raising 
and  hay. 

Jerry  Young  was  born  in  Mt.  Vernon, 
Ohio,  February  12,  1828,  the  son  of  Basil  and 
Sarah  (Cullison)  Young,  natives  of  Ohio. 
From  Knox  county,  that  state,  they  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  1839,  where  they 
continued  to  reside  until  the  time  of 
their  death.  The  mother's  father  came  to 
this  country  from  Wales;  the  father's  father 
was  a  native  of  Scotland.  The  paternal  grand- 
father of  Jerrj'  Young  lived  to  be  one  hundred 
and  five  years  of  age.  Basil  and  Sarah  Young 
were  the  parents  of  eight  children :  John ; 
Louis;  George,  a  resident  of  Texas,  who  lost 
six  of  his  family  in  the  Gaheston  flood  of 
1901 ;  Lyman  ;  Marion  ;  Ellen,  deceased  ;  Sarah, 
wife  of  Joseph  Wilson,  Chicago ;  and  Jerry,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

Educational  advantages  of  the  latter  were 
limited,  he  obtaining  little  better  than  three 
months  out  of  the  year,  and  very  few  years  at 
that.  In  1863  he  removed  to  Iowa  where  he 
engaged  in  farming  seven  years,  going  thence 
to  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  and  in  1879  he  came 
to  the  northwest,  settling  first  in  Lincoln 
county,  \\'ashington.  Here  he  remained  four 
21 


years  and  came  to  Stevens  county,  wdiere  he 
now  lives,  in  1884.  Locating  a  homestead  he 
began  stock  raising  at  w-hich  he  has  been  quite 
successful.  In  1897  he  removed  to  his  present 
property.  He  winters  as  high  as  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  head  of  cattle,  and  is  also  en- 
gaged profitably  in  the  dairy  business. 

In  1857  Air.  Young  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Lydia  Thomas,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Susannah  Thomas,  natives  of  Ohio,  in 
which  state  Mrs.  Young  was  born  and  reared. 
Ten  children  have  been  born  to  them :  Daniel, 
Joshua,  Henry.  Joseph,  Nathaniel,  William, 
Ellen,  Sarah,  Lydia  and  Jerry. 

Eight  children  have  come  to  Mr.  and  Airs. 
Young,  Alva,  Frank,  Zell,  Henry,  Jacob,  de- 
ceased; Eva,  Nellie,  John,  and  Anginette,  de- 
ceased. 

The  principles  of  the  Prohibition  party  ap- 
peal more  strongly  to  the  political  views  of  Air. 
Young.  He  and  his  wife  are  both  members 
of  tlie  Congregational  church. 


JOHN  BURDEN  is  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  of  Stevens  county,  Washington,  who 
came  there  in  1892,  and  is  now  located  on  an 
eligible  piece  of  property  five  miles  south  of 
Springdale.  Though  born  in  Sangamon 
county,  Illinois,  July  15,  1840,  he  has  been  a 
western  pioneer  during  the  greater  portion  of 
his  life. 

His  parents.  Job  and  Temperance  (Ford) 
Burden,  were  nati\es  of  Ohio  and  crossed  the 
plains  to  the  Willamette  valley,  Oregon,  in  1845 
when  our  subject  was  five  years  of  age.  They 
located  in  Polk  county,  Oregon,  where  they 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  thev  died. 
The  father  had  a  donation  claim  of  six  hundred 
and  forty  acres,  and  was  interested  in  the  stock 
business.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve 
children,  four  of  whom  are  still  living :  Julia, 
wife  of  W.  R.  Kirk,  in  Linn  county,  Oregon; 
Alary,  married  to  Jesse  Eaton,  at  the  Dalles, 
Oregon  ;  Nancy,  wife  of  R.  P.  Erhart.  in  Port- 
land, Oregon ;  and  John. 

The  latter  w-as  reared  and  educated  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  came  to  northern  Washing-ton  and 
Idaho.  In  1861  he  assisted  in  building  the  Old 
Alullan  Go\-ernment  Road.  After  a  short  trip 
back  to  Oregon  he  went  to  the  Boise  mines 


370 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


where  he  remained  a  short  time,  and  then  drove 
a  ten-mule  freight  train  from  W'allula  to  Boise, 
continuing  this  employment  three  seasons.  On 
his  return  to  Oregon  his  father  divided  the 
farm,  giving  him  a  quarter  section  which  he 
continued  to  work  until  1870  when  he  disposed 
of  it  and  went  to  Ochaco,  Oregon  and  engaged 
in  the  stock  business.  In  1892  he  went  to 
Stevens  county,  wliere  he  has  since  resided,  hav- 
ing eighty  acres  of  land,  thirty  of  which  are 
cleared  and  under  cultivation.  It  is  devoted 
to  stock-breeding  and  hay. 

Mr.  Burden  is  an  advocate  of  Republican 
principles,  taking  an  active  interest  in  the  live 
issues  of  the  day,  and  in  every  way  is  a  solid, 
substantial  citizen,  and  one  who  possesses  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people  with  whom 
he  resides.  He  always  has  a  good  word  to  say 
for  the  state  of  Washington,  and  has  great 
faith  in  its  future. 


JAMES  NEWHOUSE,  one  of  the  enter- 
prising and  energetic  farmers  of  Stevens 
county,  living  ten  miles  south  of  Springdale. 
has  achieved  well-earned  success  in  the  land  of 
his  adoption. 

He  was  born  in  Holland,  September  25. 
1869,  the  son  of  James  and  Nellie  (VanWeele) 
Newhouse.  They  were  natives  of  Holland, 
coming  to  the  United  States  in  1883  when  our 
subject  was  fourteen  years  of  age.  At  that 
period  they  located  in  Wisconsin  where  at  pres- 
ent they  still  live,  engaged  in  farming.  Both 
of  them  are  connected  with  some  of  the  most 
notable  and  wealthy  families  in  Holland.  To 
them  were  born  twelve  children,  six  of  whom 
survive,  viz. :  Lena,  wife  of  Edward  Turner,  in 
Wisconsin;  Annie,  wife  of  John  Beck;  Katie, 
married  to  Peter  Beck ;  Cornelia,  living  with 
her  parents  in  Wisconsin ;  J.  E.  and  James. 

The  public  schools  of  Holland  and  Wiscon- 
sin completed  the  education  of  the  latter,  and 
in  1896  he  came  west  and  located  in  Stevens 
county,  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  owns 
two  hundred  acres  of  excellent  land,  one  hund- 
red acres  of  which  are  cleared  and  under  culti- 
vation. He  also  has  twenty  head  of  stock,  a 
fine  residence  and  substantial  out  buildings. 

Alice  Lapray,  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Rosalie  La])ray.  sketches  of  whom  appear  in 
another  pun  of  this  book,  became  his  wife  in 


1S96.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Canada, 
the  father  coming  to  the  States  in  1859.  the 
mother  in  1872.  Joseph  Lapray  was  one  of  the 
noted  citizens  of  Ste\ens  county,  active  in  busi- 
ness life,  connected  with  some  of  the  wealthiest 
people  of  France  and  highly  esteemed  by  the 
residents  of  Stevens  county  with  whom  he  made 
his  home  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1900. 
His  widow  still  lives  on  the  homestead  in 
Stevens  county,  surrounded  by  all  the  comforts 
and  many  of  the  luxuries  of  life. 

Mrs.  Newhouse  was  born  in  Colville, 
Stevens  county,  January  3.  1874.  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  Spokane  and  Stevens 
counties. 

The  politics  of  'Sir.  Newhouse  are  in  line 
with  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,  in 
whose  successive  campaigns  he  manifests  a 
lively  and  patriotic  interest.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Order  of  Washington,  in  Springdale. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newhouse,  two  chuldren 
have  been  born,  Joseph  J.,  on  February  6,  1898, 
and  Hazel  A.,  on  September  10,  1900.  Airs. 
Newhouse  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  third 
white  child  born  in  Stevens  countv. 


GEORGE  LAPRAY.  son  of  Joseph  Lap- 
ray, deceased,  a  memoir  of  whose  life  appears 
in  another  portion  of  this  work,  is  a  native  of 
the  young  state  of  Washington,  having  been 
born  in  Spokane  county,  January  12.  1878. 
His  parents,  Joseph  and  Rosaline  (Mignault) 
Lapray,  were  natives  of  Canada,  and  his 
\\idowed  mother  now  resides  on  the  homestead 
in  Stevens  county.  The  ancestors  of  his  father 
were  notable  and  wealthy  people  of  France. 
The  parents  of  his  mother  came  to  Montreal 
while  they  were  children,  and  his  paternal 
grandfather  still  resides  in  that  city. 

The  elementary  education  of  our  subject 
was  secured  in  the  public  schools  of  Stevens 
county,  and  this  was  supplemented  by  a  busi- 
ness course  in  the  Northwestern  College,  Spo- 
kane, from  which  he  was  graduated  with 
honors.  .At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  went  to 
Alaska  where  he  worked  in  the  lumber  business 
for  a  short  period,  returning  to  Stevens  county 
and  engaging  in  farming.  At  present  he  owns 
two  hundred  acres  of  land,  adjoining  the  home- 
stead on  which  his  mother  resides,  one  hun- 
dred anil  fiftv  of  which  are  under  cultivation. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


3/1 


He  has  one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  cattle, 
twenty-five  horses,  all  thoroughbred  stock,  cuts 
annually  two  hundred  tons  of  hay  and  raises 
three  thousand  bushels  of  grain.  On  the  prop- 
erty is  a  substantial  residence  and  good  farm 
buildings. 

On  September  29,  1902,  Mr.  Lapray  was 
married  to  Miss  Lula  Timmons,  daughter  of 
Jesse  and  Harriet  (Sloan)  Timmons.  They 
were  natives  of  Iowa,  coming  to  the  northwest 
in  1891.  Mrs.  Lapray  has  three  sisters  and  two 
brothers:  Margaret,  wife  of  Frank  Beck,  in 
Stevens  county  ;  Irene ;  Alame ;  Jesse  and 
Leslie.  She  is  the  mother  of  one  child,  de- 
ceased. 

At  the  early  age  of  sixteen  George  Layray. 
our  subject,  prospected  for  mineral  throughout 
the  greater  portion  of  the  mining  districts  of 
central  Idaho.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  fraternally  a  member  of  Springdale  Camp 
No.    10606,  M.  \V.   A.,  and  Springdale  Tent. 


No. 


K.  O.  T.  M. 


CFIARLES  HAINES,  although  born  in 
Montana  during  its  territorial  days.  was.  prac- 
tically, reared  and  educated  in  Stevens  county. 
Washington,  where  he  now  lives.  His  parents. 
Guy  and  Esther  Haines,  may  be  classed  among 
the  oldest  settlers  of  eastern  Washington.  The 
father  was  a  nati\-e  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
mother  of  Washington.  They  were  married 
in  Colville,  Stevens  county,  and  lived  on  what 
is  known  as  "the  old  Haines  place."  Guy 
Haines  was  for  many  years  employed  by  the 
government  as  an  expert  plainsman.  They 
were  the  parents  of  two  children.  George,  de- 
ceased, and  Charles,  our  subject. 

The  latter  was  born  in  Flathead  county. 
December  14.  1861,  and  received  a  practical 
education  in  the  schools  of  Stevens  county. 
Until  he  was  twenty-three  years  of  age  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents,  at  which  period  he 
began  farming  on  his  own  account.  At  present 
he  owns  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  and  has 
contracted  for  another  tract  of  land.  He  cul- 
tivates one  hundred  acres,  which  is  fenced  and 
otherwise  improved,  has  a  number  of  substan- 
tial buildings  and  raises  considerable  stock. 
He  can  claim  a  continuous  residence  on  his 
present  property  of  twenty  years. 

The  marriage  ceremony  between    Charles 


Haines  and  Miss  Mary  Heller,  was  solemnized 
on  October  4.  1881.  The  bride  was  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Esther  (Gangro) 
Heller.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
the  mother  of  Oregon.  The  father  crossed  the 
plains  with  a  regiment  of  soldiers  at  an  early 
da}-,  serving  as  a  volunteer.  The  following  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them  :  Philines,  living  in 
Okanogan  county:  Lucy,  with  her  parents; 
Emeline,  married  to  F.  A.  \\'hitnev,  of 
Stevens  county:  Eliza,  wife  of  John  Smith,  of 
Colville :  Frank  Marcelene,  deceased,  and  Mary, 
the  wife  of  our  subject. 

By  the  latter  the  principles  of  the  Republi- 
can party  are  endorsed  heartily.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Catholic  church.  They  are  the 
parents  of  six  children;  Thomas  G.,  Emma, 
Edward,  George,  Clarence  and  Lucy. 


FRED  A.  WHITNEY,  connected  by  mar- 
riage with  the  oldest  settlers  in  Stevens  county, 
came  to  Springdale  in  1889.  just  as  the  ter- 
ritory of  Washington  was  entering  into  state- 
hood. His  comfortable  surroundings  warrant 
the  belief  that  he  has  no  occasion  to  regret  his 
choice  of  a  home.  He  is  one  of  the  successful 
farmers  and  cattle  men  of  the  county. 

Camppoint,  Illinois,  is  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  and  he  was  born  May  15.  1855.  His 
father,  J.  W.  Wliitney,  a  native  of  Ohio,  re- 
moved from  Illinois  to  Minnesota  in  1859,  when 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  four  years  of 
age.  The  mother,  Martha  J.  (  Riggin )  Whit- 
ney, was  born  and  reared  in  Illinois.  In  1887 
they  came  from  Minnesota  to  Spokane  where 
they  now  reside.  Their  union  was  blessed  by 
nine  children,  of  whom  seven  survive,  viz. :  J. 
M.  and  G.  \\'..  of  Bozeman.  Montana:  Alary 
E.,  widow  of  Samuel  Tower,  in  Springdale; 
Emma  A.,  widow  of  J.  S.  Boyd,  in  St.  Paul. 
Minnesota;  Ella  L.,  wife  of  G.  \\'.  Bowers, 
of  St.  Paul;  W.  H.,  a  resident  of  Spokane; 
and  Fred  A.,  our  subject. 

In  the  excellent  public  schools  of  St.  Paul. 
Minnesota,  the  latter  received  a  thorough  prac- 
tical education,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-five 
he  left  home  and  faced  the  world.  He  at  first 
engaged  in  the  business  of  contracting  and 
building.  In  1889  he  located  the  homestead  on 
which  he  now  resides,  four  miles  south  of 
Springdale.   Stevens   county.      Here  he  has  a 


372 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


quarter  section  of  land,  twenty-five  acres  of 
which  are  under  cultivation,  with  good  build- 
ings and  other  valuable  improvements.  On  the 
same  land  there  are  over  a  million  feet  of  tim- 
ber. He  usually  winters  twenty  head  of  fine 
stock. 

His  marriage  to  Miss  Emeline  Heller  was 
solemnized  in  1891.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Esther  (Gangro)  Heller,  the 
father  a  native  of  New  York,  the  mother  of 
Oregon.  They  are  among  the  first  settlers  of 
the  county  and  the  wealthiest  farmers  of  the 
valley.  To  Mr.  and  I^Irs.  W'hitney  seven  child- 
ren have  been  born,  Alfred  R.,  Rosa  J.,  Ivy 
M.,  Ruth,  Frank,  Harry  T.,  and  an  infant 
daughter  unnamed. 

Mr.  Whitney  is  an  advocate  of  Republican 
principles  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in 
Fergus  Falls,  Minnesota.  He  is  highly 
esteemed  by  all  friends  and  acquaintances. 


AUGUST  BELHUMEUR  is  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  Stevens  county,  Washington,  hav- 
ing cast  his  lot  in  that  locality  as  early  as  1884. 
He  now  owns  a  comfortable  residence  situated 
on  a  quarter  section  of  land,  thirty  acres  of 
which  are  improved.  He  is  a  Canadian  by 
birth,  the  Province  of  Quebec  being  the  place 
of  his  nativity,  and  the  date  of  his  birth,  Jan- 
uary 6,  1863.  His  parents,  Nicholas  and 
Zozette  (Day)  Belhiuiieur,  were  Canadian 
farmers  and  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  of 
whom  nine  survive,  viz:  Louisa  C,  married  to 
F.  James,  of  Canada;  Adolf;  Odell ;  Lina; 
Valeria ;  Frank  ;  Wilfred  ;  David  ;  and  August, 
the  subject  of  this  article. 

The  latter  was  reared  and  educated  in  Can- 
ada, living  with  his  parents  and  contributing  to 
their  supp(jrt,  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age. 
He  then  came  to  the  United  States,  locating 
first  in  Montana,  where  he  remained  eighteen 
months.  Removing  to  California  he  resided  in 
the  Golden  state  six  j-ears,  engaged  in  various 
pursuits,  and  in  1884  he  settled  in  Stevens 
county.  The  following  four  years  he  was  en- 
gaged in  such  employments  as  he  could  secure 
in  the  neighborhood,  and  in  1888  he  took  a 
pre-emption  claim  and  lived  on  the  same  for 
some  time.  This  he  disposed  of  and  purchased 
railroad  land  upon  which  he  now  resides.  He 
cultivates  thirty  acres,  raises  considerable  stock, 
and  is  surrounded  by  comfortable  buildings. 


In  1 89 1  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Ava  Kramer.  Three  children  were  born  to 
this  union  of  whom  two  survive,  Freddie  and 
Delphine.  The  wife  and  mother  died  in  1900. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 

Politically  his  affiliations  are  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  He  is  a  progressive  and  enter- 
prising man,  a  good  citizen  and  one  who  has 
won  the  confidence  of  the  neighborhood  in 
which  he  resides. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mr.  Belhumeur 
was  the  first  white  resident  of  the  famous 
Camas  prairie.  He  came  hither  with  a  man 
named  Tudor,  but  he  was  frightened  on  account 
of  the  number  and  hostile  actions  of  the  Indians. 
Camas  prarie  was  the  favorite  place  where  the 
savages  dug  the  Camas  root  and  they  objected 
to  the  whites  coming  in. 


WILLI AAI  J.  HART.  The  boy  who  be- 
gins life's  struggle  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years, 
and  unassisted  hews  out  a  competence  by  the 
time  he  reaches  the  prime  of  manhood,  is  cer- 
tainly endowed  with  commendable  qualities. 
Such  has  been  the  career  of  the  subject  of  this 
article,  \\'illiam  J.  Hart,  now  one  of  the  leading 
farmers  and  stockmen  of  Stevens  county,  near 
Springdale. 

He  was  born  at  Kingston,  Canada,  August 
2,  1849,  son  of  Thomas  and  Martha  (Scott) 
Hart,  and  one  of  seven  children.  He  is  of 
sturdy  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  his  father  being  a 
native  of  Ireland,  his  mother  of  Scotland. 
They  settled  in  Canada  in  1833  where  they 
passed  their  lives,  Thomas  Hart  dying  in  1884, 
the  mother  in  1871.  Of  the  seven  children,  five 
survive,  viz :  Margaret,  married  to  John 
Leonard,  of  Canada;  Francis,  now  in  Okano- 
gan county,  Washington;  Thomas  H.,  Stevens 
countv ;  Ellen  A.,  wife  of  Frank  Day.  of  Port- 
land, Oregon  ;    and  William  J. 

Educational  advantages  of  the  latter  were 
confined  to  a  few  years'  schooling  in  Kingston. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  earning  his  own 
living,  and  from  that  period  until  he  was 
twenty-four  he  contributed  to  the  support  of 
his  parents.  He  came  to  Walla  Walla,  Wash- 
ington, in  1879,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
From  Walla  Walla  he  went  to  Lincoln  county, 
Washington,  locating  on  Eg}'pt  Prairie  where 
he  lived  until  1900.  That  year  he  came  to 
Deer  Trail  mining  cam]),  Stevens  county,  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


373 


conducted  a  boarding  house  two  months.  Then 
purchasing  a  quarter  section  of  land  he  laid 
the  foundation  of  the  eligible  home  where  he  at 
present  resides.  Ninety  acres  of  his  property 
are  under  cultix'ation,  he  has  a  comfortable 
house,  outbuildings,  a  barn  60x80,  housing  one 
hundred  tons  of  hay  and  one  hundred  head  of 
stock,  aside  from  farm  implements.  At  present 
he  owns  forty-five  head  of  cattle  and  six  horses, 
and  annually  cuts  one  hundred  tons  of  hay. 

In  1883  Mr.  Hart  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Martha  Bond.  Her  father,  who  was 
a  soldier,  died  during  the  Civil  War.  Mrs. 
Hart  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren 
church. 

From  1893  until  1895  Mr.  Hart  was  em- 
ployed as  a  government  contractor.  During 
the  progress  of  the  Spanish- American  war  he 
moved  troops  to  the  seacoast,  en  route  to  Cuba, 
in  order  that  they  might  secure  transportation. 

The  political  sympathies  of  Mr.  Hart  are 
with  the  Republican  party. 


WILLIAM  H.  LINTON  was  among  the 
first  to  be  attracted  by  the  resources  of  Stevens 
county,  and  is  a  pioneer  settler  of  Camas  prairie. 
Judging  from  the  prosperity  in  evidence  around 
him  he  has  had  no  valid  reason  to  regret  his 
selection  of  a  home. 

He  is  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Rose  V. 
(Robinett)  Linton,  born  in  Athens  county, 
Ohio.  October  24,  1855.  Thomas  Linton  was 
a  native  of  Alaryland;  his  wife,  and  mother  of 
our  subject,  was  born  and  reared  in  Ohio.  Fol- 
lowing their  marriage  they  located  in  Athens 
county  where  the  father  engaged  in  farming. 
He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War,  serving 
three  years.  They  were  each  of  Scotch  descent. 
The  children  of  the  family  comprised  se\'en : 
George  E.,  of  Ohio;  Henry  J.,  in  Idaho; 
Thomas  O.,  deceased;  Isabella,  wife  of  Charles 
Tedro,  in  Stevens  county;  Florence,  married 
to  George  Sickles,  of  Ohio;  Lottie,  wife  of 
Amos  Kinnard.  of  Ohio;  and  William  H.. 
with  whose  history  this  sketch  concerns  itself. 

Provided  with  an  excellent  practical  educa- 
tion, secured  in  the  public  schools  of  Athens 
county,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  he  went 
out  into  tlie  world  for  himself.  He  was  farm- 
bred  and  had  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
six  years  before  he  came  west.     In    1877  he 


located  in  Spokane,  Washington,  following 
various  occupations.  In  1885  he  settled  in 
Stevens  county,  near  Springdale,  where  he 
filed  on  a  homestead  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres.  This  property  he  disposed  of  in  1893 
and  purchased  another  quarter  section,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  which  are  im- 
proved, fenced  and  supplied  with  comfortable 
house  and  barns.  His  principal  revenue  is 
from  stock  and  hay,  curing  one  hundred  and 
fifty  tons  yearly.  His  stock  is  well-bred  and 
he  usually  winters  eighty  head  of  cattle. 

In  1884  IMr.  Linton  was  married  to  Eliz- 
abeth Labree  who  became  the  mother  of  two 
children.  Her  father  was  J.  D.  Labree,  of 
Medical  Lake.  She  died  in  1896.  In  1902  Mr. 
Linton  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Mary 
Myers,  widow  of  W'illiam  ]\Iyers,  and  daughter 
of  William  Gash,  a  native  of  England.  Three 
children  were  born  to  this  union. 

Strictly  in  line  with  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party,  Mr.  Linton  manifests  an 
enthusiastic  interest  in  the  success  of  its  candi- 
dates, and  he  is  regarded  as  an  influential, 
public-spirited  and  broad  minded  citizen.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  his  home 
lodge  being  in  Ohio. 

The  two  children  born  to  Mr.  Linton  by  his 
first  marriage  are  Charlotte  and  Viola.  Those 
born  to  the  second  marriage  are  IMyrtle  M., 
Claj'ton,  and  Mabel. 


HON.  FORREST  I.  PHELPS.  In  1889 
there  came  to  Spokane,  ^\'ashington,  a  young 
man.  thirty-six  years  of  age,  who  had  traveled 
extensively  in  this  and  adjoining  countries. 
Eighteen  months  later  he  settled  in  Stevens 
county.  fi\-e  miles  west  of  Springdale,  where  he 
now  lives  surrounded  by  all  that  contributes 
to  the  comfort  of  a  farm  life.  This  was  For- 
rest I.  Phelps  whose  name  initiates  this  sketch. 

Born  in  Fredonia.  New  York,  July  10, 
1853,  he  is  the  son  of  Barney  A.  and  Louisa 
N.  (Miller)  Phelps,  the  father  a  native  of  \^er- 
mont,  the  mother  of  New  York.  Although 
the  father  was  of  Irish  ancestry,  they  had, 
many  generations  ago,  been  banished  from  Eng- 
land. The  forebears  of  the  'mother  were  con- 
nected with  some  of  the  most  notable  people 
of  Scotland.  In  the  early  days  the  parents  of 
our  subject  removed  to  Iowa,  taking  with  them 


374 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


a  colony  of  New  York  people  who  settled  in 
Clayton  county.  At  that  period  the  father  was 
a  surveyor  in  the  government  employ.  By 
his  first  wife,  Barney  A.  Phelps  had  three 
children.  In  i860  she  passed  away,  and  in 
1 861  he  re-married,  three  children  being  the 
fruits  of  this  latter  union.  During  the  Civil 
War  he  entered  the  army  from  Iowa,  as  a 
major,  served  four  years  and  was  mustered  out 
as  a  lieutenant  colonel. 

The  biography  of  our  subject,  P'orrcst  I. 
Phelps,  is  a  record  of  business  enterprises  and 
hustle.  He  obtained  a  practical  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  New  York,  Iowa,  and 
Colorado.  He  crossed  the  plains  in  1864  at 
the  age  of  ten  years,  locating  first  at  Central 
City,  Colorado.  For  several  years  he  was  em- 
ployed in  freighting  in  the  territories.  At 
seventeen  he  entered  the  stock  business,  and 
later  was  connected  with  the  building  of  irrigat- 
ing ditches.  Subsequently  he  drove  stock  from 
Colorado  to  Montana,  pushed  on  to  California,  j 
thence  to  Old  Mexico,  back  to  Colorado,  and  in 
1889,  he  found  his  way  to  Spokane.  Here,  for  i 
eighteen  months  he  was  engaged  in  the  agri- 
cultural business,  following  which  he  settled  in 
Stevens  county.  At  present  Mr.  Phelps  owns 
four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  land,  two 
hundred  of  which  are  under  cultivation.  Aside 
from  his  handsome  residence  he  has  over  a 
dozen  other  buildings  on  his  place,  adapted  to 
the  demands  of  an  extensive  western  farmer. 
Altogether  it  is  the  finest  agricultural  property 
in  Stevens  county.  He  cuts  three  hundred 
tons  of  hay  annually. 

In  1889  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Jennie 
Slawson,  of  Iowa,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Emily  (Schofield)  McCullough.  The  latter 
was  a  second  cousin  of  General  Schofield.  They 
have  one  child,  Naomi,  residing  with  her 
parents. 

Mr.  Phelps  is  an  enthusiastic  Democrat. 
In  1895  he  was  nominated  by  the  Populists  for 
state  representative,  against  W.  B.  Ayers.  a 
Democrat  of  Kettle  Falls,  and  Paul  Atkins,  a 
Republican.  Mr.  Phelps  was  elected  by  a 
plurality  of  two  hundred  and  eighty.  In  1897 
he  was  nominated  for  representative  by  the 
Populists,  against  McMillan,  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  and  C.  Hr  Montgomery,  candidate  of 
the  Republicans.  He  was  again  successful  by 
a  handsome  plurality.  During  his  terms  in 
the  state  legislature  he  drafted  what  is  known 


as  the  public  road  liill,  which  became  a  law; 
he  was  also  a  member  of  the  committe  that 
drafted  the  general  laws.  During  his  second 
term  he  was  chairman  of  two  committees.  He 
is  a  Knight  Templar  and  member  of  the 
K.  O.  T.  M.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
church,  his  wife  of  the  Congregational. 


JOSEPH  A.  WINDLE  is  a  thorough 
westerner,  having  been  born  on  the  coast  and 
lived  in  coast  states  since  his  birth.  January  3, 
1861.  Multnomah  county.  Oregon,  is  the  place 
of  his  nativity,  his  parents  John  and  Isabella 
(Dodson)  Windle.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Ohio,  the  mother  of  Missouri.  As  eirlv 
as  1852  they  crossed  the  plains,  bv  the  primi- 
tive method  of  pioneer  transportation  then  in 
vogue,  and  settled  near  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  they  continued  to  reside  until  the  death  of 
John  Windle,  October,  1902.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  still  li\es  at  St.  Johns.  Oregon. 
Eight  children  were  born  to  them  :  Sarah,  de- 
ceased ;  Mary  J.,  widow  of  Phillip  T.  Smith; 
Melinda,  wife  of  William  Frasier.  at  Fulda. 
Washington;  J.  C,  in  Portland,  Oregon; 
John  W.,  at  Amboy,  Washington;  W'illiam  W., 
in  St.  John's,  Oregon;  Isabella  M.,  wife  of 
Zacharia  Knight.  St.  Johns,  Oregon ;  and 
Joseph  A.,  our  subject. 

Reared  and  educated  in  his  native  county, 
Joseph  A.  Windle  commenced  life  on  his  own 
account  at  the  age  of  twenty  years.  Until 
1888  he  pursued  various  occupations,  and  in 
that  year  he  removed  to  Stevens  county,  and 
located  a  homestead.  Subsequently  he  pur- 
chased two  hundred  acres  of  railroad  land,  one 
hundred  acres  of  which  is  improved,  fenced, 
with  a  substantial  residence,  barn  42x102,  and 
other  outbuildings  necessary  to  successful 
ranching.  He  winters  fifty  head  of  stock, 
nearly  all  thoroughbred,  and  cuts  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  tons  of  hay  annually. 

In  September,  1891,  jNIr.  \\'indle  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Lenora  Reams,  daughter 
of  Robert  and  Ruth  (Hamerton)  Reams.  At 
the  age  of  three  years  she  was  orphaned  by 
the  death  of  both  parents,  and  was  reared  and 
educated  by  William  N.  Thompson,  in  Calif- 
ornia. She  is  the  mother  of  two  sons.  Homer 
N.  and  Harris  H.,  at  present  living  with  their 
parents.  The  mother  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N. 
.\..  of  Springdale. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


375 


Mr.  W'indle  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  the 
principles  of  the  Repubhcan  party,  a  progres- 
sive, enterprising  and  pubHc-spirited  citizen, 
and  highly  esteemed  in  the  communitv  in  which 
he  resides.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Camp  No  10606,  Springdale. 


JOHN  H.  ALLBAUGH.  one  of  the  pros- 
perous farmers  and  enterprising  business  men 
of  Stevens  county,  located  upon  the  property 
on  which  he  now  resides,  and  which  he  has 
wonderfully  improved,  in  1900.  It  lies  five 
miles  west  of  Springdale,  and  is  devoted  to 
general  farming  and  stock-raising.  His 
parents,  Solomon  and  Eliza  (Salisbury) 
.\llbaugh,  natives  of  Ohio,  settled  in  Carroll 
county,  Indiana,  when  quite  young.  Here 
John  H.  was  born,  June  10,  1857,  the  oldest 
son  of  nine  children.  The  father  died  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1903 ;  the  mother  still  lives.  The 
family  of  children  comprised  Margaret,  wife  of 
David  Spitler,  of  Chattanooga,  Tennessee; 
Amos  \y..  James  R.,  Alatthew  L.,  Solomon  F., 
David  E.,  all  residents  of  Indiana;  Emma  J., 
living  with  her  mother ;  Ida,  married  to  Andrew 
Reprogle,  Indiana;  and  John  H.,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch. 

The  latter  was  reared  and  educated  in  Car- 
roll county,  Indiana,  and  until  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  contributed  Un  the  support  of 
the  family.  He  then  removed  to  Salina,  Kan- 
sas, where  he  remained  twenty  years  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock-raising.  His  advent  into 
Stevens  county  dates  from  the  termination  of 
this  period,  so  it  will  be  seen  that  our  subject 
cannot  be  classed  with  the  proverbial  rolling 
stones  that  gather  no  moss.  He  purchased 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land,  one  hun- 
dred of  which  is  under  cultivation,  all  fenced, 
and  with  substantial  house  and  other  buildings. 
One  of  the  most  profitable  crops  is  hay,  and  of 
this  he  annually  cuts  many  tons.  At  present 
he  winters  twenty-three  head  of  stock. 

The  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Persis  (Hill) 
Cox,  natives  of  Indiana,  Miss  Alatilda  J.  Cox, 
became  the  wife  of  Mr.  Allbough  on  September 
29,  1880.  Her  parents,  when  quite  young, 
removed  to  Missouri,  and  thence  to  Kansas, 
afterwards  coming  to  Stevens  county,  where 
the  father  died.  The  mother  now  resides  at 
Deerpark.  \\'ashington. 


John  H.  Allbaugh  is  an  advocate  of  the 
political  principles  of  the  People's  party.  In 
1895  he  was  elected  on  that  ticket  township 
treasurer,  of  Walnut  township,  Kansas,  serving 
for  two  terms.  He  has  also  served  as  town- 
ship trustee,  and  with  distinction.  From  1884 
until  1890  he  was  a  meml^er  of  the  Washington 
State  National  Guards,  the  first  five  years  as 
private.  Subsequently  he  was  advanced  to  he 
First  Sergeant  and  then  First  Lieutenant.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  English  Lutheran  church. 

Mrs.  Allbaugh  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Mary  J. 
Yingst,  and  two  brothers,  David  L.  and  Samuel 
N.,  all  in  Stevens  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Allbaugh  have  two  children,  Rose,  married  to 
Freeman  Moser,  and  Ethel,  residing  with  her 
parents. 


ALBERT  RALSTON,  after  an  eventful 
and  decidedly  strenuous  life  in  nearly  all  of  the 
western  states,  is  now  one  of  the  leading  citizens 
of  Springdale,  Stevens  county,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  the  livery,  sale,  and  feed  business. 
Ralston  [Mills.  Butler  county,  Pennsylvania,  is 
the  place  of, his  nativity,  and  he  was  born 
August  4,  1848.  The  town  was  named  in 
honor  of  his  father,  William  Ralston,  who 
resided  there  the  greater  portion  of  his  life. 
His  wife,  and  mother  of  our  suliject.  was 
formerly  Mary  Edgar,  and  both  she  and  her 
husband  were  nati\-es  of  Butler  county.  The 
paternal  great-grandmother  of  Albert  Ralston 
came  from  Ireland  in  the  Mayflower.  At  the 
time  of  the  burning  of  Jamestown  by  hostile 
Indians  she  was  captured  by  them 'and  was  a 
prisoner  four  years.  Eventually  she  was  res- 
cued by  Puritan  soldiers,  and  married  John 
Ralston,  by  whom  she  had  twelve  children. 
They  became  the  first  settlers  and  founders  of 
the  town  of  Greensburg,  Pennsylvania.  All  of 
the  ancestors  of  Albert  Ralston  were  prominent 
and  wealthy  people  of  Dublin,  Ireland.  The 
paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  died  at  the 
age  of  one  hundred  and  one  years. 

At  the  age  of  twelve,  Albert  Ralston  had 
acquired  such  education  as  was  afiforded  by  the 
public  schools  of  Ralston,  and  began  life  on  his 
own  account.  With  the  end  in  view  of  becom- 
ing a  cowboy  he  visited  Texas,  and  afterwards 
nearly  all  of  the  southern  states.  From  Waco, 
Texas,  he  drifted  to  Leadville,  Colorado, 
where  he  drove  stage  between  that  point  and 


376 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Colorado  Springs,  and  followed  the  same  line 
of  business  between  Chyenne  and  Deadwood, 
South  Dakota.  Going  to  the  Gunnison  countrj' 
he  engaged  for  awhile  in  the  cattle  business, 
which  he  continued  with  variable  success  in 
Idaho  and  Oregon.  At  one  period  he  was  en- 
gaged in  freighting  to  the  Seven  Devils  Aline, 
in  Idaho.  It  was  while  occupied  in  freighting 
that  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  and  so  pleased 
was  he  with  the  outlook  at  Springdale  that  he 
engaged  in  the  livery  business  at  that  point,  in 
connection  with  a  mail  contract  between 
Springdale  and  Deer  Trail. 

Our  subject  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  John  and  William  and  Mary  and  Lizzie, 
the  latter  married  to  J.  B.  Martin,  of  W'hite- 
stone,  Pennsylvania.  His  politics  are  in  line 
with  Republican  principles. 

Mr.  Ralston  is  a  very  abstemious  man  in 
his  habits,  using  neither  tobacco  nor  intoxi- 
cating liquors,  nor  does  he  indulge  in  card- 
playing.  During  his  residence  in  Springdale 
he  has  won  the  esteem  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends 
and   acquaintances. 


ZELL  YOUNG  came  to  Spokane  Falls 
ten  years  before  the  territory  was  admitted  to 
the  union,  it  being  1879.  He  now  conducts 
successfully  a  dairy  but  a  short  distance  from 
the  thriving  town  of  Springdale,  Stevens 
county. 

Pocahontas  county,  Iowa,  is  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  being  born  March  26,  1865.  His 
parents,  Jerry  and  Lydia  (Thomas)  Young, 
were  natives  of  Ohio.  As  active  and  enter- 
prising western  pioneers  they  became,  as  it 
were,  one  of  the 

"First  low  wash  of  wa\-es,  where  soon 
Shall  roll  a  human  sea." 

They  visited  nearly  every  state  west  of  the 
Ohio,  arriving  in  Washington  in  1879  and 
locating  in  Spokane  county.  Following  a 
two  years'  residence  -  there  they  removed  to 
Cheney,  where  the  remained  two  years,  and 
thence,  in  .1884.  to  Stevens  county,  where  they 
now  live.  The  father  is  seventy-five  and  the 
mother  seventy-one.  They  are  the  parents  of 
eight  children:  Alvah  J.;  Eva  J.,  wife  of 
James  B.  Litton.  Springdale:  F.  L..  in  Portland, 
Oregon ;  Henry,  at  Baker  City,  Oregon  ;  Nel- 
lie M.,  wife  of  j.  S.  Wright :  Nettie  and  Jacob, 
twins,  deceased ;    and  Zell,  the  subject  of  this 


sketch.  In  this  family  of  children  there  were 
three  pairs  of  twins. 

The  educational  advantages  of  our  subject 
were  found  in  the  public  schools  of  Iowa,  Kan- 
sas and  Washington,  the  latter  in  the  town  of 
Cheney,  Spokane  county,  where  he  attended  the 
academy'.  His  first  employment,  at  the  age  of 
sixteen,  was  that  of  driving  team,  and  he  then 
followed  other  lines  of  business,  going  once  to 
Montana  where  he  worked  in  a  butcher  shop. 
He  also  rode  the  range  for  awhile  as  a  cowboy. 
In  1894  he  returned  to  Washington,  and  during 
the  following  four  years  worked  on  a  ranch, 
subsequently  mining  and  prospecting  two  years. 
He  then  purchased  eighty  acres  of  land,  near 
Springdale,  and  rented  eighty  acres  more,  hay 
land,  and  in  1902  he  began  the  business  of 
dairying  in  which  he  is  now^  engaged.  He  owns 
fifteen  head  of  cattle  and  other  stock. 

'Sir.  Young  was  married  to  Alice  ]\I.  Mar- 
shall, widow  of  Oliver  Marshall,  in  1901. 
She  is  a  native  of  Indiana. 

Mr.  Young  is  an  intelligent  and  industrious 
reader,  manifests  a  keen  interest  in  the  live 
issues  of  the  day,  and  belie\-es  that  socialism 
would  more  satisfactorily  solve  political  and 
economic  problems  than  either  the  Republican 
or  Democratic  parties.  In  1902  he  was  the 
nominee  of  his  party  for  county  commissioner. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  and 
M.  W.  A.,  while  Mrs.  Young  is  a  member  of 
the  R.  N.  A. 


WILLIAM  D.  SMITH.  From  the  ashes 
of  the  Spokane  fire,  in  1889,  the  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  article  proceeded  to 
rebuild  his  fortune.  That  his  pluck  and  in- 
dustry have  been  well  rewarded,  the  comfort- 
able surroundings  of  his  jiresent  home  are  cer- 
tainly unimpeachable  evidences. 

William  D.  Smith  was  born  at  Pictou.  Nova 
Scotia,  July  i,  1859.  His  ancestry  was  Scotch 
and  English,  respectively,  and  the  names  of  his 
parents  are  David  and  Charlotte  (Baliss) 
Snn'th.  They  settled  on  French  River.  Xo\-a 
Scotia,  where  they  are  at  present  living.  They 
are  the  parents  of  five  children  :  Jane  A. :  Mary, 
wife  of  \^'illiam  J.  Frasier,  Trenton,  Nova 
Scotia:  Susan  B..  wife  of  William  Smith,  Nova 
Scotia;  .Maggie  B.,  and  \Mlliam  D.,  our  sub- 
ject. He  received  a  common  school  education 
at  French  River,  and  on  attaining  his  majority 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


377 


came  to  the  states,  locating  first  in  Maine,  where 
he  remained  seven  years.  In  1887  he  removed 
to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  engaged  in  the 
grocery  bnsiness.  The  disastrous  conflagration 
of  1889  swept  everything  away,  and  tlie  year 
following  he  worked  as  a  clerk.  His  advent  in 
Stevens  county  was  in  1891,  and  his  first  em- 
ployment was  on  a  rancii  for  Gray  &  Gilbran- 
son,  with  whom  he  remained  si.x;  years.  He 
then  purchased  a  hay  baler,  and  bales  hay  at  the 
present  time.  While  associated  with  Gray  & 
Gilbranson  Mr.  Smith  located  a  homestead  of 
a  quarter  section,  on  which  are  one  million  five 
hundred  thousand  feet  of  logs.  He  also  owns 
seven  lots  in  the  city  of  Spokane. 

Mr.  Smith  has  thoroughly  demonstrated  the 
possibilities  of  eastern  Washington  in  the  way 
of  rewarding  enterprise,  energy  and  business 
sagacity.  Adverse  circumstances  he  has  en- 
countered and  overcome,  and  has  no  reason  to 
regret  his  location  in  Stevens  county,  in  which 
communitv  he  has  won  a  host  of  friends. 


EDWARD  P.  WELLS,  the  first  settler  on 
Camas  prairie,  near  Springdale,  Stevens 
county,  is  now  one  of  the  leading  ranchers  and 
stockmen  in  the  valley.  The  son  of  Marcus  and 
Lucinda  Wells,  natives  of  New  York,  he  was 
born  July  8,  1844,  at  Enterprise,  Indiana. 
His  mother  was  connected  with  the  eminent 
Hyde  family,  of  England,  her  brother,  John 
Hyde,  having  at  one  period  owned  the  cele- 
brated Hyde  Park,  England,  one  of  the  fashion- 
able suburbs  of  London.  She  was  one  of  the 
heirs  of  an  undivided  estate  of  three  hundred 
and  fifty  million  dollars.  Edward  P.  Wells  is 
one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom 
are  living,  viz :  William,  in  Danville,  Illinois ; 
Mary,  wife  of  John  R.  Allen,  at  Jeffersonville, 
Indiana;  Harriet  H.,  married  to  Hiram  P. 
Dean,  of  Greenwood,  Indiana:  Emma  A.,  mar- 
ried to  George  Knight,  in  Alaska:  John  J.,  in 
Coeur  d'Alene.  Idaho:  and  Edward  P.,  our 
subject. 

The  latter,  following  his  graduation  from  a 
high  school  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  ran  away  and 
enlisted  in  the  Twelfth  Ohio  Infantry,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen.  At  the  end  of  his  three  months' 
term  of  service  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  K, 
First  New  York  Cavalry,  under  Colonel 
Schurz.  Bv  President  Lincoln  this  regiment 
was  given  the  name  of  the  First  Lincoln  Cav- 


alry. In  this  regiment  he  ser\ed  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  a  scout  under  Gen.  George 
A.  Custer,  and  in  this  capacity  was  fre- 
quently at  General  Sheridan's  headquarters. 
He  participated  in  the  following  engage- 
ments :  Cross  Lanes,  first  Bull  Run,  Chan- 
cellorsville,  Antietam,  South  Mountain,  Look- 
out Mountain,  White  House  Landing,  \\'in- 
chester.  Cedar  Creek,  Staunton,  Lynchburg, 
Petersburg,  Five  Forks  and  a  numlier  of 
smaller  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  was  at  the 
surrender  of  General  Lee,  at  Appamattox  Court 
House,  and  then,  returning  to  Washington,  D. 
C,  participated  in  the  Grand  Review.  Having 
imbibed  a  taste  for  military  life  he  went  to 
Governor's  Island,  New  York,  and  after  his 
discharge  from  the  volunteers,  on  July  15, 
1865,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  regular  army,  and 
served  as  drillmaster  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  served  three  years  in  the  Seventh 
Cavalry,  re-enlisted  for  five  years,  and  was 
first  sergeant  of  Troop  E  until  November, 
1873.  Subsequently  he  re-enlisted  for  five 
years,  twice,  and  was  finally  mustered  out  at 
Fort  Spokane,  November  30,  1883,  after  a 
continuous  service  of  twenty-three  years,  a 
record  of  which  he  may  well  be  proud. 

The  veteran  soldier  then  located  a  home- 
stead on  Samas  prairie,  Stevens  county,  where 
he  has  ever  since  successfully  farmed  and  raised 
stock.  He  has  a  quarter  section  of  land,  good 
house,  barn  and  outbuildings. 

Mr.  Wells  was  married  on  ]\Iay  18.  1894 
to  Sadie  E.  Cook,  widow  of  Thomas  Cook,  and 
a  native  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Wells  is  a  member  of 
Wallace  Post,  No.  104,  G.  A.  R.,  and  of  the 
Congregational  church. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  the  sad  news  of 
Mr.  Wells'  death  has  come.  On  January  16, 
1904,  the  summons  came  to  join  the  "innumer- 
able caravan"  which  is  ever  wending  its  way 
from  the  scenes  of  this  earth  to  the  realms  of 
reality  beyond.  As  he  had  lived,  a  devout 
Christian,  so  he  died,  secure  in  the  hope  of  the 
resurrection  through  the  Savior  of  men.  His 
demise  was  deepl}-  mourned  and  many  are  the 
sincere  ones  who  bowed  the  head  in  grief  that 
a  good  man  had  iDeen  taken  from  our  midst. 


JOHN  A.  HAWKINS.  WhWm  seven 
years  the  prosperous  and  enterprising  farmer 
and  stock-raiser,  wliose  name  heads  this  article, 


378 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


has  surrounded  himself  with  all  the  comforts 
and  conveniences  of  a  western  home.  His 
ranch,  comprising  one  hundred  and  si.xty 
acres  of  arable  land,  is  located  about  one  mile 
south  of  Gray,   Stevens  county. 

John  A.  Hawkins  was  born  in  Wyandotte 
county,  Kansas,  Feljruary  2.  1875,  ^'""^  ^o"  o^ 
J.  W.  and  Mattie  (McKinney)  Hawkins. 
They  were  born  and  reared  in  Illinois,  the  an- 
cestry of  the  mother  being  Scotch,  who  settled 
in  this  republic  in  the  days  of  its  infancy.  The 
parents  of  John  .\.  Hawkins  located  in  Macon 
county,  Illinois,  where  they  continued  to  reside 
until  their  death.  Three  children  were  born  to 
them :  Ollie,  now  a  resident  of  Springdale ; 
Emma,  living  with  the  latter,  and  John  A.. 
our  subject.  He  secured  an  excellent  education 
at  McComas,  Illinois,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  began  life  for  himself  in  a  broom 
factory.  Here  he  remained  during  the  follow- 
ing ten  years,  industriously  at  work,  a  rare  in- 
stance of  application  and  commendable  con- 
centrativeness.  In  1896  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington and  settled  in  Stevens  count3^  where  he 
purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land 
and  upon  which  he  at  present  resides.  Thirty 
acres  of  this  is  under  cultivation  and  devoted 
to  general  farming  and  the  stock  business.  He 
has  completed  an  extensive  line  of  fencing,  and 
erected  comfortable  and  substantial  barns  and 
other  out-buildings. 

Politically  his  sympathies  are  in  line  with 
the  interests  of  the  Republican  party,  with 
which  he  is,  locally,  an  influential  and  indus- 
trious worker.  Early  in  the  present  year, 
1903,  Mr.  Hawkins  was  appointed  deputy  as- 
sessor for  the  county  of  Stevens,  which  pifei- 
tion  he  still  holds.  His  fraternal  membership 
is  confined  to  the  Springdale  Camp,  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America,  No.  6606.  He  is  a 
busy  man  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  and  by  his 
energy,  business  sagacity  and  many  social  quali- 
ties, has  won  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his 
neighbors  and  friends. 


JAMES  H.  ABBOTT.  Scarcely  a  decade 
has  elapsed  since  ]\Ir.  Abbott  located  in  Spring- 
dale,  Stevens  county,  but  during  that  period 
he  has  established  himself  as  the  leading  repre- 
sentative of  the  general  merchandise  business 
in  that  place. 


He  is  a  direct  descendant  of  New  England 
ancestry,  among  the  earliest  of  whom  were 
John  and  Bertha  (Thatcher)  Howland.  They 
landed  in  the  vicinity  of  Plymouth  Rock,  from 
the  Mayflower,  August  22,  1620.  John  How- 
land  died  on  February  23,  1672,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-eight  years.  On  November  23,  1861, 
our  subject  was  born,  at  Roscoe,  Illinois,  the 
son  of  Asa  S.  and  Phoebe  (Howland)  Abbott. 
The  father  was  born  at  Glenham,  New  York, 
August  18,  1 8 19,  and  the  mother  at  Bufifalo. 
same  state,  December  27,  1832.  They  re- 
moved to  Illinois  at  an  early  day,  and  here  they 
resided  forty  years,  going  thence  to  Minne- 
sota where  they  died.  They  were  the  parents 
of  six  children,  five  of  whom  survive,  Jennie 
E.,  Mary  S.,  John  C.,  Frederick  A.  and  James 
H.,  the  subject  of  this  article. 

The  elementary  education  of  James  H. 
Abbott  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of 
Roscoe,  to  which  was  added  a  course  at  the  high 
school,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1877. 
The  following  four  years,  aind  until  he  gained 
majority,  he  was  active  in  the  interests  of  his 
father's  mercantile  business.  On  his  arrival  in 
Minnesota,  in  1881,  he  engaged  in  business  pur- 
suits on  his  own  account,  and  in  1884  he  be- 
came cashier  of  a  bank  in  Sherburne,  Minne- 
sota, remaining  with  the  institution  two  years. 
The  following  two  years  he  was  engaged  in 
banking  business  for  himself.  His  initial  loca- 
tion in  Washington  was  at  Clayton,  Stevens 
county,  where  he  remained  two  years.  At  the 
termination  of  a  residence  of  nine  months  in 
California  he  returned  to  Washington,  engag- 
ing in  the  mercantfle  business  at  Harrington 
and  having  a  branch  store  at  ]\Iohler.  A  year 
and  six  months  were  passed  in  the  same  line 
of  business  at  Hillyard,  and  he  then  came  to 
Spokane,  interesting  himself  for  a  year  in  the 
lumber  industry.  Removing  to  Springdale  he 
scnn  owned  and  conducted  the  most  extensive 
general  merchandise  business  in  the  place.  He 
lias,  also,  accumulated  other  property  through- 
out the  country. 

On  March  14.  i8qi  Air.  Abbott  was  united 
in  marriage  to  ]Miss  Pearl  Norton,  daughter  of 
B.  F.  and  Emeline  (Nichols)  Norton,  natives 
of  New  York.  They  located  at  Green  Blufif, 
Spokane  county,  where  the  father  still  lives, 
the  mother  dying  in  February,  1903.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Tames    H.    Abbott,    one    of    whom    is    living. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


379 


Ruth.  Mr.  Abbott  is  a  member  of  Cataract 
Commandery,  No.  3,  Knights  Templar,  Spo- 
kane, Washington,  El  Katif  Temple,  A.  A.  O. 
N.  M.  S.,  Springclale  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
the  W.  W.,  at  ^Mead,  Washington.  ^Nlrs.  Abbott 
is  a  member  of  the  Eastern  Star  and  Royal 
Neighbors,  at  Springdale.  She  is,  also,  an 
earnest  worker  in  the  Congregational  church. 


JOHN  F.  JARVIS.  In  the  old  territorial 
days  of  Washington,  five  years  before  its  ad- 
mission into  the  sisterhood  of  states,  a  young 
man  located  temporarily  in  Spokane  county, 
and  rented  a  farm.  This  was  in  1884,  and  the 
pioneer  locator  was  the  subject  of  this  article. 

He  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Missoliri, 
October  4,  1862.  His  parents  were  John  C. 
and  Indiana  (Ridgeway)  Jarvis,  the  father  a 
native  of  Illinois  and  the  mother  of  Ohio. 
They,  also,  removed  to  Washington  in  1884, 
living  in  Spokane  county  two  years  and,  in 
1886,  going-  to  Stevens  county  where  John  C. 
still  lives,  the  wife  and  mother  dying  in  1901. 
They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children, 
six  of  whom  are  still  living :  John  F. ;  Frank ; 
Dora,  wife  of  John  Collins,  of  Valley ;  H.  V. ; 
Charles,   and   Barton. 

In  the  public  schools  of  Henry  and  Bates 
counties,  Missouri,  our  subject  received  an  ex- 
cellent education,  and  on  attaining  his  ma- 
jority, sought  employment  on  a  farm  where 
he  continued  one  year,  coming  to  Washington 
in  1884.  At  first  he  rented  a  farm  in  Spokane 
county,  but  subsequently  preempted  eighty 
acres  near  Chewelah,  Stevens  county.  This 
property  he  disposed  of  and  leased  a  hay  ranch 
in  1895.  He  then  purchased  two  hundred  acres 
of  hay  and  timber  land  upon  which  he  now 
lives,  cultivating  one  hundred  and  forty  acres, 
and  surrounded  by  all  the  comforts  of  home. 
The  property  is  fenced  and  provided  with  good 
buildings  and  oth^r  facilities  for  conducting 
farming  operations  on  a  paying  basis.  On  the 
place  is  a  young  orchard  and  in  addition  to  its 
products,  last  season  he  marketed  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  tons  of  hay. 

In  December,  1892,  Mr.  Jarvis  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Delia  M.  Bly,  widow  of  William 
Bly,  and  daughter  of  Robert  .\.  Glenn.  They 
have  three  children,  Alta  Z.,  Byrl  and  Laurel, 
all  of  whom  are  at  present  with  their  parents. 


The  father  and  mother  of  ]\Irs.  Jarvis,  Robert 
A.  and  Charlotte  (Barton)  Glenn,  were  na- 
tives of  Illinois.  They  wer«  the  parents  of  three 
children.  Delia  M.,  .\lbert  E.  and  Edgar,  ile- 
ceased. 

Air.  Jarvis  has  always  manifested  a  lively 
interest  in  the  fortunes  of  the  Democratic  party, 
and  is  an  earnest  and  conscientious  worker  in 
local  afifairs  involving  the  duties  of  good  citi- 
zenship. In  the  community  in  which  he  re- 
sides he  is  highly  respected  and  has  won  and 
holds  the  confidence  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends 
and  accjuaintances. 


WALLACE  R.  HOLDERMAN,  residing 
four  miles  south  of  Valley,  Stevens  county,  has 
been  blessed  with  a  satisfactory  amount  of  pros- 
perity in  this  community. 

A  native  of  the  Buckeye  state,  he  was  born 
in  Ross  county,  February  18,  1863.  Francis 
and  Elizabeth  (  Hosier)  Holderman  were  his 
parents,  born  and  raised  in  Pennsylvania.  Un- 
til the  decease  of  Francis  Holderman,  they  lived 
in  Ross  county,  where  the  father  followed  the 
occupation  of  a  farmer.  He  died  in  1865.  The 
mother  now  resides  in  Chicago.  Rhoda,  wife  of 
Elihu  Patrick,  of  Ohio;  Florence,  wife  of  W. 
D.  Trainer,  of  Chicago;  and  Wallace  R.  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  are  their  children. 

Lentil  the  age  of  eighteen  the  latter  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Chillicothe, 
Ohio.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  engaged  in 
the  business  of  a  butcher  in  Adelphia,  Ohio,  and 
at  the  conclusion  of  four  years  he  folowed  var- 
ious pursuits  until  1889  when  he  came  to 
Spokane,  Washington,  and  was,  until  1890,  in 
the  livery  business  in  that  city.  In  that  year  he 
came  to  Stevens  county,  engaged  for  awhile  in 
freighting,  and  then  purchased  three  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  of  land.  From  1893  until 
1902  he  leased  meadow  land;  then  bought  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  three  fourths  of  which 
are  under  cultivation.  He  now  has  a  good 
orchard,  substantial  farm  buildings,  and  a  fair 
btmch  of  stock. 

Mrs.  Holderman  was,  formerly,  Clara  Hor- 
ner, daughter  of  Hozial  Horner,  of  Michigan. 
She  lost  her  mother  while  yet  in  infancy,  and 
has  since  been  called  in  mr;nrn  the  loss  of  one 
sister,   .\nnette.      She  has  one  si.ster,   Minnie, 


38o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


residing  in  Michigan,  and  tln-ee  half  brothers. 
Benjamin,  Thomas  and  Arthnr.  She  is  a  de- 
vout and  consistent  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional church. 

Two  children  have  blessed  the  union  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Holderman.  Leroy  and  Stanley,  at 
present  residing  with  their  parents.  He  is 
prominent  in  Masonic  circles.  Good  and  bad 
fortune  have  been  encountered  by  the  subject 
of  this  article,  but  he  now  bids  fair  to  become 
one  of  the  substantial  business  men  of  Stevens 
county  as  he  is,  at  present,  one  of  the  most 
highly  respected  and  influential. 


GEORGE  HERZXER.  Among  the  well- 
to-do  and  enterprising  German  farmers  who 
are  a  credit  to  the  state  of  Washington  is  the 
subject  of  this  biographical  mention.  Only 
eight  years  have  elapsed  since  his  advent  in 
the  commonwealth,  but  those  years  have  been 
impro\ed  Ijy  him  in  every  possible  manner, 
and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  he  has  been 
rewarded  with  unqualified  success. 

George  Herzner  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many, February  5,  1852.  His  parents  were 
Joseph  and  Annie  (Beck)  Herzner,  who  fol- 
lowed agricultural  pursuits  until  their  death. 
The  children  of  the  family  were  nine,  Valberg, 
Valentine,  Mary,  Feronica,  Joseph,  Annie, 
Mathias,  Floran  and  George.  The  scholastic 
career  of  George  was  confined  to  the  common 
schools  of  Bonsai,  Germany,  terminating  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  when  the  boy  began  life  on  his 
own  account.  Until  the  age  of  twenty  he 
worked  industriously  on  a  farm,  and  then  came 
three  years'  service  in  the  German  army.  Dur- 
ing the  following  eight  years  he  pursued  the  life 
of  a  farmer,  and  in  1883  emigrated  to  the 
United  States.  He  appears  to  have  at  once 
pushed  on  from  the  Atlantic  coast  to  Stevens 
county,  Washington,  where  he  located  the 
homestead  upon  which  he  now  resides.  He  has 
a  fine  quarter  section  of  land,  sixty  acres  of 
which  are  under  cultivation,  entirely  fenced, 
with  a  substantial  house,  two  good  barns  and 
other  building  facilities  convenient  for  the 
stock  business. 

Ottilie,  the  daughter  of  John  and  Fannie 
Camara,  natives  of  Germany,  became  the  wife 
of  George  Herzner,  in  1892.  She  is  a  native 
of  Germany  where  her  parents  followed  farm- 


ing until  their  death.  She  had  one  sister  and 
three  brothers..  Joseph,  John,  Peter  and  Han- 
nah. 

Fi\-e  children  have  l^lessed  the  union  of 
George  and  Ottilie  Herzner,  Mary,  Fannie, 
Rosa,  Frederick  and  Joseph,  all  of  whom  at 
present  reside  with  their  parents  and  assist  in 
the  cultivation  of  the  farm.  Politically,  Mr. 
Herzner  is  by  no  means  a  strong  partisan,  he 
being  what  can  appropriately  be  termed  a  lib- 
eral in  his  sympathies  and  affiliations.  The 
interest  which  he  manifests  in  local  politics  is 
strictly  from  the  view  point  of  a  non-partisan, 
though  deeply  interested  citizen.  Theologi- 
cally he  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 
During  his  residence  in  Stevens  county  ]\Ir. 
Herzner  has  won  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  community,  and  is  recognized  as  an  act- 
ive and  industrious  worker  and  self-respecting 
citizen. 


JOHN  C.  DAWDY.  That  the  gentleman 
whose  name  intrbduces  this  article  has 
achieved  success  in  his  agricultural  venture, 
the  result  of  only  eight  years'  residence  in  the 
state,  is  attested  I\v  his  fine  and  well-cultivated 
farm  lying  one  and  one-half  miles  southwest 
of  Gray,  Stevens  county.  He  is  still  a  young 
man,  having  been  born  in  Greene  county,  Illi- 
nois, July  5,  1869.  His  parents  were  Jesse  and 
Mary  J.  (Cox)  Dawdy.  natives  of  Illinois. 
In  the  pioneer  days  of  this  state  they  located  in 
Greene  county,  where  they  followed  agricul- 
tural pursuits  and  lived  the  li\'es  of  well-to-do 
farmers  until  called  from  earth,  the  mother  in 
I900,  and  the  father  in  1902.  They  were  the 
parents  of  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  sur- 
vived them:  William  M. ;  Newton;  Mary  M., 
married  to  James  Watt  and.residing  in  Illinois; 
James;  Henry;  Charles  H. ;  Norman;  Anson, 
and  John  C.  our  subject. 

The  excellent  district  schools  of  Greene 
county.  Illinois,  provided  the  education  with 
which  John  C.  Dawdy  began  his  successful 
career.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  farming 
in  Illinois,  at  which  occupation  he  continued 
until  1893,  when  he  came  west  to  \\'ashington, 
and  located  in  Stevens  county.  Here  for  the 
period  of  two  years  he  was  employed  in  a  saw 
mill,  but  in  1897  he  purchased  eighty  acres  of 
railroad  land,  upon  which  he  now  resides. 
Fortv  acres  of  this  he  cultivates,  all  of  which 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


381 


is  fenced,  together  with  a  substantial  liouse, 
commodious  barns  and  out-houses.  He  culti- 
vates a  small  orchard  and  has  fifteen  head  of 
cattle. 

His  marriage  to  Miss  Florence  Morrell  oc- 
curred in  1894.  His  bride  was  the  daughter  of 
Bassell  and  Martha  (George)  Alorrell,  na- 
tives of  Illinois.  They.  also,  removed  to  Wash- 
ington in  1895,  and  secured  a  farm  in  Stevens 
county  where  they  at  present  reside.  They  have 
six  children,  Richard,  Florence,  wife  of  our 
subject,  Wesley,  Jesse,  Willie  and  Lulu. 

Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  antl 
Mrs.  Dawdy,  William  A.,  now  living  with  his 
parents,  and  Annie  E.,  deceased.  Fraternally 
Mr.  Dawdy  is  a  memter  of  Springdale  Campv 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America.  His  political 
sympathies  are  with  the  Republican  party,  and 
his  interest  in  local  politics'  is  that  of  all  public- 
spirited  citizens.  Perseverance,  industry  and 
judicious  application  to  business  are  the  secrets 
of  Mr.  Dawdy's  success  in  Washington.  He 
has  earned  the  respect  of  the  community  in 
which  he  lives,  and  may  be  classed  as  one  of  the 
prominent  and  reliable  citizens  of  Stevens 
countv. 


E.  E..  HAFER.  Without  the  adventitious 
aid  of  elementary  works  on  the  modern  science 
of  "Success,"  excerpts  from  which  are  so  fre- 
quently found  in  newspapers  and  magazines, 
our  subject  has  certainly  attained  it.  Endowed 
with  pluck,  patience,  and  business  sagacity, 
he  has  conquered  difficulties  and  turned  favor- 
able circumstances  to  the  best  account. 

His  postoffice  address  is  now  Lind,  Adams 
county,  in  which  locality  he  has  a  homestead, 
but  he  owns,  also,  a  fine  ranch  two  and  one- 
half  miles  west  of  Chewelah,  Stevens  county, 
consisting  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres, 
two  hundred  and  twenty  of  which  are  under 
cultivation,  devoted  to  general  farming  and 
stock-raising.  He  was  born  August  10,  1871, 
in  Henry  county,  Illinois,  son  of  G.  W.  and 
Eliza  (Mead)  Hafer,  and  one  of  thirteen  chil- 
dren. His  parents  were  nati\es  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, subsequently  residing  in  Illinois  and 
Iowa,  in  which  latter  state  they  died.  Tlie  fam- 
ily of  children  comprised  J.  W.,  now  in  Cali- 
fornia;  Annie,  married  to  George  Will,  of 
Colorado :  Cathrine,  deceased ;  E.  E. ;  Lucinda, 
wife  of  R.   S.   Henderson,   residing  in   Iowa; 


H.  W.,  living  in  Missouri ;  Alartha,  married  to 
]\Iartin  Gleason  and  living  in  Iowa ;  William ; 
Lewis;  Bert  and  George,  twins,  deceased; 
Ralph,  and  George,  deceased. 

The  foundation  of  an  excellent  practical 
education  was  laid  in  the  public  schools  of 
Iowa,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began 
life  for  himself.  Two  years  were  passed  in 
various  employments,  and  in  1893  he  removed 
to  Nebraska  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
which  he  continued  until  1895.  The  following 
five  years  were  passed  in  various  lines  of  em- 
ployment in  the  states  of  LTtah,  Idaho,  and 
Montana,  and  with  variable  success,  and  in 
1900  he  located  in  Adams  county,  Washington, 
where  he  engaged  in  land  speculation  for  a 
period  of  two  years,  meeting  with  unqualified 
success. 

In  1892  Mr.  Hafer  purchased  a  half  interest 
in  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land,  lying 
two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  Chewelah, 
two  hundred  acres  of  which  were  under  culti- 
vation. The  same  year  he  bought  eighty 
acres,  sixty  of  which  were  improved,  and  en- 
gaged in  stock-raising.  Previous  to  this  he 
had  entered  a  homestead  claim  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  in  the  vicinity  of  Lind,  Wash- 
ington. 

The  political  sympathies  of  Mr.  Hafer  are 
with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  takes  an 
active  and  earnest  interest  in  local  affairs, 
devoid  at  times  of  all  political  partisanship. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the 
M.  W.  A. 


CHARLES  WAITT.  That  Washington 
is  fast  passing  from  the  list  of  frontier  states 
is  attested  by  the  constantly  increasing  number 
of  native  sons,  arrived  at  man's  estate,  and  en- 
gaged in  conducting  the  business  and  political 
affairs  of  the  commonwealth.  Of  this  number 
is  the  young  gentleman  whose  name  initiates 
the  article. 

He  was  born  on  a  farm  two  miles  northwest 
of  Valley,  Stevens  county  and  upon  which  he 
no\r  resides,  April  2,  1875.  His  parents  were 
George  and  Josephine  (Pelker)  Waitt.*  In 
1852  George  Waitt  went  to  California  by  way 
of  the  isthmus.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  Washington,  while  it  was  still  a  terri- 
tory, locating  in  Colville.  In  1873  he  settled 
on  the  farm  where  our  subject  was  born.     In 


382 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1863  lie  had  been  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Josephine  Pelker,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  five  children,  viz  :  Louise,  wife  of  J.  Snyder, 
residing  in  Stevens  county ;  Emma,  married  to 
John  Campbell,  of  Valley;  Maud,  married  to 
Basil  Brown,  of  Chewelah ;  \'ina,  married  to 
Fred  Lovering,  of  Spokane,  and  Charles.  The 
education  of  the  latter  began  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  county,  and  was  completed  at  the 
academy  in  Cohille,  where  he  graduated  with 
honors. 

On  gaining  his  majority  he  began  farming, 
and  this  he  has  continued  up  to  the  present 
period,  and  quite  successfully.  He  has  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres,  fenced,  one  hundred 
and  eighty  of  which  are  under  cultivation.  The 
ranch  is  stockeil  with  one  hundred  head  of  fine 
cattle. 

Mr.  W'aitt  comes  of  a  family  of  pioneers, 
his  maternal  grandfather,  Solomon  Pelker,  hav- 
ing been  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  this 
country.  Politically  he  affiliates  with  the 
Democrat  party,  and  though  liberal  in  local 
affairs,  he  takes  a  patriotic  interest  in  them,  and 
is  highly  respected  by  a  large  circle  of  acquaint- 
ances, socially  and  in  a  business  way.  He  is 
a  member  of  Valley  Lodge  No.  87,  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  a  consistent  and  earnest  member  of  the 
Catholic  church.  The  financial  success  that 
has  attended  the  efforts  of  IMr.  Waitt  is  the 
result  of  well-directed  application  to  his  agri- 
cultural and  business  affairs,  coupled  with  a 
sagacity  far  abo\e  the  average.  He  has  un- 
bounded faith  in  the  future  of  Washington, 
and  is  justly  proud  nf  his  nativity. 


JOSEPH  THOMPSON.  To  be  classed 
with  the  makers  of  American  history  are  the 
pioneers  of  the  Klondike  country.  Among  the 
earliest  of  these  courageous  explorers  of  the 
Arctic  El  Dorado  was  Joseph  Thompson,  at 
present  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-raiser, 
four  miles  south  of  Chewelah,  Stevens  county. 
He  was  born  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  Jan- 
uary 13,  1857,  son  of  Joseph  and  Jane  (Mc- 
Near).  Thompson.  They  were  natives  of 
Scotland,  coming  to  the  Lmited  States  in  early 
life  and  locating  in  Connecticut.  For  thirtv 
years  the  father  was  an  engineer  in  the  employ 
of  the  Hazzard-Black  Gunpowder  Works.  In 
1879  the  family  removed  to  California  where 
he  followed  his  profession  until  his  death   in 


1900.  His  wife  survived  the  loss  of  her  hus- 
band but  one  week.  During  his  residence  in 
Scotland,  Joseph  Thompson  was  recognized* as 
an  eminent-  vocalist.  They  were  the  parents 
of  ten  children,  all  of  whom  reached  maturity, 
viz:  Christina,  wife  of  Frank  Cotda;  Jeanette, 
wife  of  James  Howell,  both  of  San  Francisco, 
California:  Alexanda,  living  at  Forty-Mile 
river,  Alaska :  JNIaggie,  wife  of  Alexander 
Howell,  Rosalia,  Washington:  John,  deceased; 
Joan  and  James,  twins :  Charles ;  Jane,  wife  of 
George  Bradford,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and 
Joseph,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  James  and 
Charles  were  lost  at  sea,  having  been  wrecked 
on  the  schooner  Alaska,  from  Golivan  Bay, 
with  a  load  of  ore.  No  tidings  were  e\-er  re- 
covered of  the  vessel  or  her  crew  of  sixteen  men. 

The  elementary  education  of  our  subject 
was  obtained  at  Hazzardville,  Connecticut, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  life  for  him- 
self, going  to  California  in  1873.  For  two 
years  he  followed  lumbering  at  Santa  Clara, 
going  thence  to  Humboldt  county,  where  he 
remained  in  the  same  line  of  work  until  1879 
when  he  engaged  in  mining.  He  prospected 
in  various  parts  of  the  state  until  1889.  when 
he  went  to  Yukon.  Alaska,  via  the  Chilcoot 
pass.  On  this  expedition  he  paid  fifteen  dollars 
a  hundred  pounds  for  freight  packetl  by  Indians 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  Yukon.  His  claim  on 
Forty-Mile  river  proving  a  disappointment,  he 
joined  a  prospecting  party  of  young  men,  but 
after  suffering  incredible  hardships,  he  re- 
turned to  his  claim  where  he  wintered.  Subse- 
quently he  went  to  Copper  river,  Alaska,  in  the 
schooner  Ada,  where  he  passed  the  following 
winter  and  returned  to  San  Francisco. 

Nothing  daunted  by  his  unsuccessful  expe- 
dition, Mr.  Thompson  returned  to  the  Klon- 
dike country  in  the  spring  of  1893,  and  joined 
the  stampede  to  Circle  City  where  he  remained 
until  1897,  and  then  mingled  with  another  rush 
to  Dawson.  The  spring  of  1899  found  him 
back  in  San  Francisco,  and  in  the  fall  he  visited 
his  old  home  in  Connecticut,  remaining  there 
through  the  winter.  On  his  return  to  San 
Francisco  he  determined  to  invest  what  money 
he  had  in  stock  and  ranch  land.  In  1900  he 
came  to  Stevens  county,  Washington,  and  pur- 
chased one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  partly 
improved  land,  seventy  acres  being  in  hay.  He 
now  has  seventy  head  of  cattle,  four  head  of 
horses,  his  land  is  all  fenced,  with  substantial 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


383 


buildings  and  many  conveniences.  He  has, 
also,  the  range  of  two  hundred  and  ten  acres 
of  school  land,  and  annually  puts  up  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  tons  of  hay. 

In  1902  Air.  Thompson  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Nellie  Richmond,  daughter  of 
William  Richmond,  of  West  \''irginia.  With 
the  patriotic  interest  of  a  good  citizen  in  na- 
tional and  local  politics,  Mr.  Thompson  affili- 
ates with  the  Republican  party.  Fraternally  he 
is  a  member  of  Chewelah  Lodge,  No.  176, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  Pioneer  Society  of  the 
Yukon  Country.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  R.  C.  of  Chewelah. 


PETER  ANDERSON,  who  resides  seven 
miles  south  of  Chewelah,  owns  one  of  the  finest 
farms  in  the  Colville  valley.  The  well-tilled 
fields,  perfect  order,  general  thrift  and  pros- 
perity that  are  apparent  in  every  portion  of  the 
premises,  demonstrate  Mr.  Anderson  the  care- 
ful and  wise  farmer  that  he  is.  He  was  born  in 
Wollsjo,  Sweden,  on  August  28,  1873,  the  sou 
of  Anders  and  Hannah  (Nelson)  Johnson, 
natives  of  Sweden,  where  they  now  reside, 
being  prosperous  farmers.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  the  following  named  children :  Bessie 
M. ;  Hansen,  in  Minnesota ;  Nelse,  deceased ; 
Peter;  Alma  N.  Anderson,  of  Sweden;  Albert, 
deceased;  Louise,  with  her  parents;  Nelse  G., 
in  Stevens  county;  Anna,  in  Spokane,  and  Al- 
bert with  his  parents.  Working  on  the  farm 
during  the  summers  and  attending  the  public 
schools  during  the  winter  months,  our  subject 
passed  the  first  fourteen  years  of  his  existence. 
Then,  it  being  1888,  he  came  to  IMinneapolis 
and  worked  for  one  entire  year  to  pay  for  his 
ocean  passage.  Following  this,  he  attended 
school  two  years  and  in  1890  we  find  him  in 
Spokane  herding  cows.  The  following  year 
Mr.  Anderson  took  land  on  the  Couer  d'Alene 
reservation,  and  while  holding  this  he  labored 
on  the  Great  Northern  as  well  as  in  the  Palouse 
harvest  fields,  remaining  on  and  improving  the 
land  during  the  winters.  During  the  fateful 
year  of  1893  he  received  for  his  wages  in  the 
Palouse  harvest  fields  a  cow  and  calf.  The 
next  year  he  labored  at  Spokane,  and  the  year 
following  in  Mullan,  Idaho.  In  the  fall  of  1895 
he  bought  a  number  of  cows  and  started  a  dairy 
at  Spokane,  which  he  operated  with  good  suc- 
cess until  1 90 1.     In  that  year  he  sold  out  and 


came  to  Ste\-ens  county,  purchasing  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides.  Among  other  excellent 
improvements  of  this  estate  Mr.  Anderson  has 
the  mountain  spring  water  piped  into  his  build- 
ings, which  is  a  great  convenience.  He  is  an 
active  and  progressive  Republican  and  at  the 
present  time  is  a  member  of  the  school  board 
and  president  of  a  literary  society.  Mr.  Ander- 
son is  also  one  of  the  chief  officers  in  the  I.  O. 
O.  .F.,  at  Chewelah. 


AUGUST  KRL'G.  Eventful  and  prosper- 
ous have  been  the  past  twenty  years  in  the  life 
of  Mr.  Krug.  In  1883  lie  'arrived  in  the 
L'mted  States,  a  German  lad  of  nineteen,  yet 
eager  to  grapple  with  the  problems  of  the  new 
and  hustling  country  to  which  he  had  directed 
his  steps. 

He  was  born  in  German)-,  May  2,  1S64. 
His  parents  were  Edward'  and  '  Henrietta 
(  Elbel)  Krug,  nati\-es  of  Germany,  the  mother 
having  descended  from  the  eminent  German 
statesman.  Elbel.  They  passed  away,  the 
father  at  the  age  of  sixty-three,  the  mother  at 
fifty-seven.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine 
children,  viz. ;  Ida,  Robert,  Karl,  Lina,  Richard, 
Erdmann,  Hulda,  Otto,  and  the  subject  of  this 
article.  The  latter  received  the  groundwork  of 
an  excellent  education  in  Germany,  which  he 
has  considerably  improved  in  this  countrv.  At 
the  age  of  fourteen  he  took  the  first  steps'in  life 
for  himself,  and  began  a  career  which  has  been 
eminently  successful.  He  at  first  learned  the 
saddler's  trade,  and  subsequently  traveled  ex- 
tensi\-ely  throughout  Germany.  Denmark,  Swe- 
den and  Norway,  returning  home  for  the  pur- 
pose of  serving  in  the  military  of  his  native 
country.  From  this,  however,  jie  was  destined 
to  escape,  coming  to  the  United  States  and  lo- 
cating first  at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri.  Following 
this  he  went  to  Montana  where  he  worked  two 
years  at  his  trade.  Familiarizing  himself  with 
the  topography  gf  Montana,  Idaho  and  Wash- 
ington, he  located  in  Colville  in  1885.  i"  which 
vicinity  he  prospected,  and  also  in  British 
Columbia.  During  this  period,  Mr.  Krug  lo- 
cated some  fine  properties,  bought  a  residence 
lot  in  Chewelah  and  built  a  house  thereon. 
Subsequently  he  secured  mineral  holdings  in 
Hartford.  Helena,  Lake  Shore  and  Aurora, 
and  also  in  British  Columbia.  In  1890  he  pur- 
chased  two  lots   in    Chewelah   and   erected   a 


384 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


large  store  building  in  the  heart  of  the  city. 
At  present  he  is  the  owner  of  two  corners,  and 
three  inside  lots  on  the  main  street  of  Chewelah, 
aside  from  considerable  valuable  mining  prop- 
erty. 

Politically  Mr.  Krug  is  a  Democrat,  takes 
a  lively  interest  in  local  affairs,  and  is  highly 
esteemed  by  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  ac- 
quaintances. While  devoted  to  business,  he  is 
a  man  of  broad  and  liberal  views,  and  a  most 
popular  citizen.  He  is  a  member  of  the  German 
Lutheran  church. 


HENRY  R.  JENKIN.  Like  most  of  the 
people  who  come  to  us  from  the  shores  of  Eng- 
land, the  subject  of  this  article  is  a  substantial, 
capable  and  progressive  man.  He  was  born  in 
Cornwall,  England,  on  June  8,  1872,  the  son 
of  Thomas  and  Susanna  (Roberts)  Jenkin, 
natives  of  England.  The  father  came  to 
Amerca  in  "1884  and  located  in  Montana  where 
he  mined  until  1893.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
Stevens  county,  rented  a  farm  and  two  years 
later  bought  a  quarter  section  where  he  now 
resides.  The  mother's  people  are  one  of  the 
wealthy  and  prominent  families  of  England. 
Mr.  Jenkin  had  followed  mining  in  Cornwall 
previous  to  coming  to  the  United  States.  Nine 
children  were  born  to  this  couple,  three  of 
whom  lived,  Henry,  Thomas  and  Joseph.  Our 
subject  was  well  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
native  place,  and  when  sixteen  began  the  prac- 
tical work  of  mining  in  the  tin  properties  of 
England.  For  two  years  he  followed  the  art 
there,  then  came  to  Montana  to  join  his  father, 
who  owned  a  fourth  interest  in  the  Mac  mine. 
After  three  years  of  work  in  that  property,  he 
came  to  Stevens  county,  Washington.  "  Mr. 
Jenkin  then  bought  eighty  acres  of  railroad 
land  about  three  miles  east  of  Valley  and  since 
that  time  has  devoted  himself  to  farming  and 
raising  stock.  Fifty  acres  of  the  estate  are' laid 
under  tribute  to  produce  crops  and  good  build- 
ings and  other  improvements  are  in  evidence. 

On  February  7,  1899  Mr.  Jenkin  married 
Miss  Matilda  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Susan 
Jones.  Mrs.  Jenkin  was  born  in  Wales,  on 
April  4,  1870,  where  also  she  received  her  edu- 
cation. In  1894  she  came  to  ^^'ayside,  Wash- 
ington to  dwell  with  her  brother.  Mr.  Jenkin 
is   a    very   active   and    influential    Republican, 


while  in  fraternal  relations  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  at  the  present  time  is  serv- 
ing his  second  term  as  noble  grand.  Mr.  Jen- 
kin is  a  very  enthusiastic  and  hard  worker  in 
this  order  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Alethodist 
church. 


JOHN  INKSTER.  Among  the  tirst  white 
men  to  come  to  the  Pacitic  coast,  we  mention 
the  subject  of  this  article,  who  has  been  a  real 
pioneer  and  whose  worthy  labors  have  accom- 
plished very  much  toward  opening  the  way  for 
others  to  follow  for  settlement.  John  Inkster 
was  born  in  the  seagirt  Orkneys,  on  February  i, 
1827,  the  son  of  George  and  Jane  (Marwick) 
Inkster,  also  natives  of  the  same  islands.  They 
were  tillers  of  the  soil  there  and  remained  on 
the  old  homestead  until  their  death.  Five  chil- 
dren were  born  to  that  worthy  couple,  but  our 
subject  is  the  sole  survivor.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place  and  when  he  had  at- 
tained his  majority  came  to  America  and  the 
same  year,  1848,  crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company.  For  se\-en  years  he  wrought  in  this 
capacity,  then  resigned  his  position  and  came  to 
the  Pend  d'Oreille  mining  regions.  For  two 
years  he  wrought  there,  then  farmed  for  thir- 
teen years,  after  which,  in  1869,  he  located  his 
present  place,  two  miles  north  from  Valley. 
For  thirty-five  years  Mr.  Inkster  has  tilled  the 
soil  and  reaped  the  crops  from  this  estate  and 
is  known  as  one  of  the  substantial  and  good 
citizens  of  the  valley.  In  addition  to  farming 
he  raises  about  thirty  head  of  stock. 

In  1877  Mr.  Inkster  married  in  this  valley 
and  to  this  union  five  children  have  been  born, 
four  of  whom  are  named  as  follows  :  John,  with 
his  father;  [Margaret  Jacobs;  Janes  Abraham- 
sen,  and  William,  at  home  with  his  parents. 


THO^IAS  TAIT.  About  nine  miles 
southeast  from  Chewelah  one  comes  to  an  estate 
of  one-half  section  which  is  owned  bv  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  I\Ir.  Tait  acquired  title  to 
half  of  it  by  homestead  right  and  to  the  other 
half  by  purchase.  He  is  known  as  one  of  the 
industrious  farmers  and  stock  raisers  of  the 
valley  and  has  done  good  labor  in  improving 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


385 


the  estate.  Thomas  Tait  was  born  on  Novem- 
ber 19,  1844,  in  Canada,  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Nancy  (Church)  Tait,  natives  of  Scotland. 
They  came  to  America  in  1837,  and  settled  as 
they  supposed  in  the  United  States,  but  found 
that  they  were  across  the  line  in  Canada.  They 
removed  later  to  Illinois.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  eight  children  :  William ;  Samuel,  de- 
ceased; Thomas;  Mary  and  John,  deceased; 
Jane  Weed;  David,  and  James.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  AIcHenry  county,  Illinois,  at 
the  common  schools.  At  seventeen  he  left  his 
school  life  and  worked  on  the  farm  for  his 
mother  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then 
went  to  Montana  and  worked  in  the  mines,  con- 
tinuing at  it  for  four  years.  Then  he  spent  one 
year  in  Washington  lumbering,  and  in  1872 
landed  in  Nevada,  where  he  delved  in  the  mines 
for  one  and  a  half  years.  After  this  he  mined 
in  California,  Arizona,  Wyoming,  Idaho,  Utah, 
again  in  California,  and  in  eastern  Oregon. 
He  also  followed  merchandising  in  California 
and  farming  in  Oregon.  In  1889  Mr.  Tait 
came  to  Stevens  county,  secured  the  ranch  as 
mentioned  above,  and  in  addition  to  handling 
that  has  been  raising  stock. 

In  October,  1883,  ^Nlr.  Tait  married  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Gorley,  a  native  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
where  also  she  was  reared  and  educated.  By 
her  former  husband,  Mrs.  Tait  has  one  son, 
LeRoy,  now  in  the  Philippine  Islands.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tait, 
James  E.  and  Ethel,  both  with  their  parents. 
Mr.  Tait  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and 
is  active  for  the  welfare  of  the  community.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that  when  Mr.  Tait  came 
west  he  drove  an  ox  team  all  the  way  from  the 
Missouri  valley  to  Montana. 


M.  ELSIE  TARBLE.  The  commendable 
labors  of  Mrs.  Tarble  in  the  Colville  valley  have 
demonstrated  to  all  who  know  her  the  excellent 
qualities  with  which  she  is  possessed.  She  is 
dominated  by  sound  wisdom  and  discretion, 
guided  by  integrity,  and  impelled  by  a  firm 
purpose  to  follow  the  right  in  all  her  ways. 
She  has  manifested  excellent  business  judgment 
and  executive  ability  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  incorporate  a  review  of  her  career. 

M.  Elsie  Tarble  was  born  in  Alto,  Fond  du 
Lac  county,  Wisconsin,  on  July  22,   1853,  the 


daughter  of  John  and  Katherine  (Nickleson) 
Hardy,  natives  of  Scotland  and  Canada,  respec- 
tively. In  the  budding  time  of  youth  the  father 
came  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  new  world  and 
located  in  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  until 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1884.  He  was  then 
aged  seven t)' -six.  The  mother  died  in  1877. 
They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  five 
of  whom  are  now  living,  Sarah  Tarble,  Nelson 
A.,  Florence  Westpver,  M.  Elsie,  and  Enos. 
Mrs  Tarble  was  educated  in  her  native  place 
and  remained  with  her  parents  until  twenty- 
seven.  Then  she  married  Edward  Tarble,  and 
in  1883  moved  to  Butte,  :Montana.  In  July  of 
the  following  year,  she  came  to  Stevens  county 
and  tooti  a  homestead,  about  two  miles  north 
of  Valley,  to  which  she  added  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  by  purchase,  having  now  a 
valuable  estate  of  which  one  hundred  and  thirty 
acres  produce  crops  annually.  She  has  excellent 
buildings,  handles  about  forty  head  of  stock, 
raises  one  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  hay 
annually,  and  maintains  a  fine  orchard.  In  the 
management  of  this  large  business  Mrs.  Tarble 
has  shown  excellent  skill  and  she  deserves  a 
great  deal  of  credit  in  that  she  has  secured  so 
fine  a  home,  maintains  such  a  valuable  estate 
and  has,  unaided,  reared  her  five  children,  who 
are  named  as  follows:  Edward  A.,  J.  Hardy, 
Ohve  E.,  Robert  S.,  and  Walter.  They  are  all 
at  home  with  the  mother  at  the  present  time. 


FRANCIS  M.  JARVIS  resides  about  three 
miles  northeast  from  Valley  upon  land  which 
he  bought  from  the  railroad  company  about 
1885.  The  quarter  section  has  been  well  im- 
proved by  Mr.  Jarvis  and  he  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial farmers  of  the  place.  In  1901  his 
entire  buildings  and  contents  were  destroyed  by 
fire,  a  very  serious  blow  financially.  However, 
Mr.  Jarvis  did  not  lose  courage  but  has  gone 
forward  steadily  in  his  labors  with  good  success. 
In  Madison  county,  Illinois,  on  March  4,  1865, 
the  subject  of  this  article  was  born  to  J.  C.  and 
Indiana  (Ridgway)  Jarvis,  natives  of  Illinois 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  In  Henry  county,  Mis- 
souri, Mr.  Jarvis  had  the  good  fortune  to  meet 
the  lady  who  afterwards  became  his  wife.  They 
resided  in  Henry  county  until  the  war  broke  out 
when  they  removed  to  Illinois.  In  1866  they  re- 
turned to  Missouri  where  they  were  prominent 


386 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  prosperous  citizens  until  1884.  In  that 
year  they  fitted  out  mule  teams  and  crossed  the 
plains  by  the  old  emigrant  trails  which  had  been 
marked  out  forty  years  before  by  the  beloved 
Whitman,  and  which  is  monumented  in  every 
mile  by  bleaching  skeletons.  They  selected  a 
farm  two  miles  south  of  Jump  Off  lake  in 
Stevens  county,  being  the  first  settlers  in  that 
section.  Two  years  later,  1887,  Mr.  Jarvis 
moved  to  where  Valley  is  now  located.  Airs. 
Jarvis  died  in  1899.  The  following  children 
were  born  to  them,  John  F.,  Francis  J\I.,  Dora 
J.,  Collins,  George  H.,  deceased,  Herschel  V., 
Laura,  deceased,  Mary,  deceased,  Josephine, 
deceased,  Pearl,  deceased,  Charles,  Missouri 
&nd  Washington,  twins,  and  Arton. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Henry  county  and  in  1884  crossed 
the  plains  with  his  parents.  For  a  time  after 
•coming  here  he  followed  freigiiting  then  bought 
a  steam  baler,  which  he  operated  until  1889. 
In  that  year  he  sold  this  and  bought  a  logging 
outfit,  which  he  operates  at  tlie  present  time. 
In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Jarvis  has  been  handling 
his  farm  as  stated  above.  He  has  a  nice  bunch 
of  stock  and  his  place  is  well  improved. 

In  1883  Mr.  Jarvis  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Washington  and  Marietta  (Baugh- 
ker)  Bennett,  natives  of  Missouri.  The  father 
was  killed  in  the  Civil  War  but  the  mother  still 
resides  in  Richhill,  Missouri.  Mr.  Jarvis  is 
an  only  child.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jarvis  eight 
children  have  been  born,  seven  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing named  as  follows:  John  W.,  Jessie  A., 
George  V.,  Frankie,  William,  Ola  and  Claud. 
Mr.  Jarvis  is  a  Democrat  and  always  riianifests 
a  keen  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community 
anl  in  educational  affairs.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  O.  U.  \Y. 


watt)  Brown  that  a  son  was  born  to  them  was 
February  15,  1865.  Thomas  Brown  is  a  na- 
tive of  Canada,  while  his  wife  was  born  midst 
Scotia's  rugged  hills.  She  was  a  relative  of 
Lord  Cummings,  and  comes  from  a  \-ery 
prominent  family  there.  When  young  she  came 
to  Canada  and  there  met  and  married  ]\lr. 
Bro\\n  and  in  1854  they  took  that  most  unique 
of  all  journeys,  the  trip  across  the  plains  to 
the  Pacific  coast.  In  1900  she  was  called  to  the 
world  beyond.  Air.  Brown,  who  was  a  lead- 
ing carpenter  and  farmer  in  the  valley  since 
coming  here,  has  now  retired  from  active  la- 
bor and  is  enjoying  the  competence  secured 
by  a  life  of  industry  and  is  spending  the  golden 
years  of  his  life  in  Chewelah.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Colville  valley,  and 
being  ambitious  he  commenced  the  more  im- 
portant duties  of  life  at  the  age  of  fourteen.  He 
very  wisely  learned  thoroughly  the  carpenter 
trade  from  a  skillful  father  and  since  perfecting 
himself  in  that  art  has  devoted  his  attention 
almost  entirely  to  it. 

In   1887  Mr.   Brown  married  Miss  Annie 
Stuck,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Germany. 


ALBERT  BROWN.  The  fact  that  we 
now  find  located  in  many  portions  of  Stevens  i 
county  prosperous  men  and  leading  citizens, 
who  own  this  as  their  native  place,  indicates  to 
all  that  the  pioneer  days  of  the  Colville  valley 
are  well  passed  and  it  is  one  of  the  old  and  well 
established  sections  of  the  great  state  of  W^ash- 
ington.  The  subject  of  this  article  is  enabled 
to  claim  the  distinction  of  having  been  born  in 
beautiful  valley  of  the  Colville.  The  day  when 
it  was  announced  to  Thomas  and   Tanc   (Alo- 


P.  JOSEPH  NETT.  The  castled  hills 
of  classical  Coblentz  on  the  banks  of  the  winding 
Rhine  are  very  familiar  scenes  to  the  subject  of 
this  article,  for  he  was  born  there  July  i,  1851, 
the  son  of  Anna  and  Micheal  (Klas)  Nett, 
natives  also  of  Germany  where  the  father  died. 
The  mother  still  lives  in  the  old  home  place. 
The  eight  children  of  this  worthy  couple  are 
mentioned  in  this  volume  elsewhere.  The  pub- 
schools  of  his  native  place  gave  to  Joseph  his 
education  and  until  1880  he  served  with  his 
father  as  a  dutiful  son.  Then  being  thirty 
years  of  age,  he  came  to  Stearns  county,  Alin- 
nesota,  believing  that  the  open  fields  of  the  new 
W'Orld  offered  better  opportunities  for  yoimg  and 
vigorous  blood.  Two  years  later  we  find  him 
in  Spokane  county,  and  on  Division  street,  four 
miles  north  from  the  center  of  Spokane,  he  took 
a  homestead,  which  property  he  still  owns.  Five 
years  later  he  went  to  Stevens  county,  and  set- 
tled on  a  homestead  owned  by  his  wife,  where 
they  now^  live. 

The  estate  is  well  improved  and  Mr.  Nett 
does  general  farming  and  stock  raising. 

In  1890,  Mr.  Xett  married  Miss  Elizabeth, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


387 


daughter  of  Jacob  and  Barbara  (Keim)  Diet- 
rick,  natives  of  Germany.  Tliey  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1843  ^"d  located  in  Sulhvan 
county,  New  York,  where  they  remained  thir- 
ty-eight years.  Mrs.  Nett  was  born  on  April 
29,  1866,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  George  M.,  John  S.,  Maggie  Schroder, 
and  Mary  Lotz.  One  child,  Eva  J.,  has  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  i\Irs.  Nett.  '  Mr.  Nett  is  a 
Democrat  and  a  school  director,  while  he  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church. 
In  addition  to  the  property  already  mentioned, 
Mr.  Nett  has  some  minmg  interests  which 
are  very  promising.  He  is  considered  one  of 
the  substantial  and  capable  men  of  the  com- 
munity.   • 


JOHN  S.  DIEDRICH.  Six  miles  north 
from  Chewelah,  on  an  estate  which  bears  on 
every  part  the  marks  of  thrift  and  industry 
of  the  proprietor,  which  are  indisputable  even 
to  the  casual  observer,  resides  the  subject  of 
this  biographical  review.  John  S.  Diedrich  was 
born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  in  1857.  His  par- 
ents were  natives  of  the  same  country,  and 
came,  in  the  year  of  the  birth  of  this  son,  to 
the  United  States,  locating  in  New  York  city. 
There  the  mother  died,  leaving  the  following 
children :  John  S.,  George,  Marrie  Schrader, 
Mary  Lotz,  and  Lizzie  Nett.  Later  the  father 
married  a  second  time  and  now  resides  in 
Jefferson vi lie,  New  York.  To  this  second  mar- 
riage two  children  were  born. 

The  public  schools  in  New  York  furnished 
the  educational  training  of  our  subject  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  assumed  the  responsi- 
bilities of  life  and  began  his  career  by  working 
on  the  farm. '  After  this  he  went  to  New  York 
city  and  wrought  in  the  mills  until  1876.  Two 
years  later  he  journeyed  to  Lake  City,  Minne- 
sota, and  one  year  after  that  to  Glencoe,  in  the 
same  state.  He  also  resided  in  Polk  county, 
and  in  later  years  at  JNIillbank,  South  Dakota. 
The  year  1881  marks  the  date  of  his  emigration 
to  Stevens  county,  and  since  then  he  has  been 
one  of  the  prosperous  and  industrious  builders 
of  this  commonwealth.  In  1899  Mr.  Diedrich 
erected  fine  barns,  a  good  residence,  and  has 
made  valuable  and  important  improvements 
upon  his  estate. 

The  marriage  of  John  S.  Diedrich  and 
Miss  Doretta  !\ii!ler  was  solemnized  in   i88v 


Her  parents  were  natives  of  Germany  and  to 
them  were  born  nine  children.  Air.  Diedrich  is 
an  active  and  well  informed  Democrat  and 
has  served  for  many  years  on  the  school  board, 
while  also  he  has  given  much  of  his  time  as 
road  supervisor.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated 
with  the  W.  \\\ 


ABE  POTTER  has  manifested  a  com- 
mendable zeal  in  at  least  two  dift'erent  lines 
of  industry  since  locating  in  Ste\-ens  county 
some  time  since.  In  addition  to  doing  general 
farming  and  stock  raising  wherein  he  has 
achieved  a  good  success,  he  has  devoted  much 
time  and  energy  to  prospecting.  In  this  worthy 
line  of  activity  he  has  shown  good  ability  and 
personally  has  inspected  the  various  mining 
regions  adjacent  to  the  Colville  valley,  while 
in  his  tours  he  has  located  various  properties 
and  now  owns  some  promising  claims. 

Abe  Potter  was  born  in  Washington  coun- 
ty, Arkansas,  on  December  4,  1864,  the  son  of 
David  and  Nancy  (Maberry)  Potter,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  respectively. 
They  were  married  in  the  good  old  Blue  Grass 
state  and  then  journeyed  on  to  iNIissouri  when 
they  were  young.  Later  they  sojourned  in 
Iowa  and  Nebraska,  finally  coming  to  Benton 
county,  Arkansas,  where  the  mother  died  in 
1868.  The  father  then  repaired  to  Holt  county, 
Missouri,  and  later  went  thence  to  Kansas, 
where  he  died  in  1877.  During  the  Rebellion 
he  was  active  as  a  scout  and  spy  in  the  union 
arm}^  Our  subject  has  four  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. Christian,  deceased,  John,  Thomas,  and 
Permelia,  deceased.  In  the  schools  of  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  our  subject  dug  out  the  edu- 
cational training  that  fitted  him  for  life's  bat- 
tles and  at  the  tender  age  of  thirteen  grasped 
jn  his  own  hands  the  helm  of  life's  boat  which 
was  to  bear  him  over  the  unknown  seas  of 
future  journeys.  After  an  initiation  on  the  farm, 
he  turned  to  the  free  and  vigorous  life  of  the 
cowboy.  In  1878,  he  went  to  California,  thence 
to  Oregon,  later  to  Idaho,  and  once  again  the 
Webbfoot  state  claimed  him,  1884  marks 
his  advent  to  Stevens  county  and  for  four  years 
Mr.  Patter  was  engaged  in  prospecting.  Then 
he  located  his  present  homestead  and  he  has 
since  devoted  much  <if  his  time  to  stock  raising 
and  producing  the  fruits  of  tiie  field.    He  is 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


deeply  interested  in  the  broad  principles  of  so- 
cialism and  is  a  progressive  man.  Mr.  Potter 
has  never  left  the  quiet  joys  of  the  celibatarian's 
life  to  try  the  uncertain  seas  of  matrimony  and 
as  a  good  jolly  bachelor  he  is  known  by  the 
citizens  of  his  communit}-. 


EMANUEL  S.  HARTILL  is  one  of  the  en- 
ergetic and  bright  young  men  of  the  Colville 
valley.  He  has  manifested  an  integrity  and 
uprightness  which  ha\e  commended  him  to  all 
who  have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance,  and 
we  are  gratified  to  be  privileged  to  grant  a  re- 
view   of  his  career. 

Emanuel  S.  Hartill  was  born  in  Pine  City, 
Washington,  on  June  6,  1884,  the  son  of  Enoch 
and  Jane  (King)  Hartill,  who  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  work.  Our  subject  came  to 
Stevens  county  in  1889,  with  his  parents  and 
in  Chewelah  was  favored  with  a  good  educa- 
tion. At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  to  work 
for  himself  and  owns  in  his  own  right  forty 
acres  of  land  well  cultivated.  In  addition  to 
that  Mr.  Hartill  is  cultivating  a  quarter  section 
with  his  brother  and  besides  the  bounteous 
crops  which  they  handle  annually  he  raises 
much  stock.  Mr.  Hartill  is  a  man  of  public 
spirit  and  liberal  views  and  is  ever  found  allied 
with  those  measures  which  are  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  country.  He  is  a  rising  young  man 
of  promise  and  has  hosts  of  friends. 


C.  F.  WILLIAM  PAHL.  Our  glorious 
country  has  no  more  substantial  citizens,  braver 
defenders  of  the  flag  or  stauncher  supporters  of 
our  free  institutions  than  the  substantial  and 
worthy  people  who  come  hither  from  the  Fath- 
erland. The  subject  of  this  article  is  one  of 
the  leading  residents  of  the  Colville  valley,  who 
have  chosen  this  as  their  foster  country,  and  it 
is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  grant 
him  representation  in  the  volume  of  his  coun- 
ty's history.  He  was  born  in  the  province  of 
Pomern,  Germany,  on  April  iq,  1863.  t'le  son 
of  Ferdinand  and  Amalia  ( Micheals)  Pahl, 
natives  of  Germany.  In  1865  they  came  thence 
to  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  and  six  years 
later  remo\-ed  to  Goodhue  county,  Minnesota, 
where  they  now  reside,  licing  tillers  of  the  soil. 


They  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children : 
C.  F.  William,  Louisa  Stephens,  Albert,  Min- 
nie Summerfield,  Augusta,  Herman,  John,  Ed- 
ward, Louis  and  Fred.  Our  subject  began 
his  education  in  Wisconsin  and  completed  the 
same  in  Goodhue  county,  Minnesota,  being  well 
instructed  in  both  the  German  and  English 
languages.  He  was  an  obedient  son  in  service 
to  his  father  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of 
twenty-two,  then  did  business  in  the  lumber 
woods  for  three  years.  Following  that  he 
farmed  until  1890,  when  his  adventurous  spirit 
led  him  to  the  west.  One  year  was  spent  in 
Spokane  and  \Miitman  county  and  in  1891  he 
located  on  the  quarter  section  where  he  now 
lives,  five  miles  north  from  Chewelah.  He  has 
since  purchased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
more  and  his  thrift  and  industry  are  manifest  in 
the  \aluable  improvements  which  he  has  placed 
on  his  estate.  He  handles  a  good  bunch  of  cat- 
tle, has  a  fine  orchard,  first-class  buildings,  and 
is  a  prosperous  and  substantial  man. 

In  1892  Mr.  Pahl  married  Miss  Caroline 
Seibotd,  a  native  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  an 
immigrant  to  this  country  in  1889.  Mr.  Pahl 
is  an  active  Republican  and  takes  great  interest 
in  school  matters.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the 
Lutheran  church. 


JESSE  HARTILL.  Among  the  younger 
agriculturists  of  the  Colville  valley  it  is  very 
fitting  to  mention  in  our  volume  the  subject  of 
this  article,  who,  although  just  beginning  life 
as  it  were,  has  already  achieved  a  nice  success 
in  gaining  a  good  property  holding.  He  resides 
about  four  miles  north  from  Chewelah  on  a 
farm  owned  in  his  own  right  which  he  bought 
in  1901.  Thirty-five  acres  of  the  eighty  are  al- 
ready under  cultivation,  and  ten  acres  are  de- 
voted to  a  fine  orchard.  A  fine  large  barn  has 
just  been  added  to  the  estate  by  Mr.  Hartill,' 
which  beautifies  the  place  as  well  as  gives  it 
value. 

Jesse  Hartill  was  born  in  Pine  City,  ^^'hit- 
man  county,  Washington,  on  November  9. 
1880,  the  son  of  Enoch  and  Jane  (King) 
Hartill,  of  whom  we  liave  spoken  elsewhere  in 
this  volume.  Jesse  is  one  of  twins,  his  brother 
being  David.  He  received  his  primary  train- 
ing in  the  schools  of  Pine  Citv  and  then  with 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


389 


the  family  came  to  Chewelah  in  18S9.  Here  he 
completed  his  education  and  when  a  score  of 
years  had  passed  after  his  birth  he  began  the 
responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  He  has 
ever  manifested,  together  with  thrift  and  indus- 
try, an  uprightness  and  integrity  which  mark 
him  as  one  of  the  substantial  young  men  of  the 
county. 


JOSEPH  M.  HARTILL,  who  is  one  of  the 
prosperous,  wide  awake  farmers  of  the  Colville 
valley,  resides  about  four  miles  north  of  Chew- 
elah, on  an  estate  which  he  purchased  from  the 
railroad  company  and  has  improved  in  a  manner 
becoming  a  thrifty  young  American  citizen.  He 
was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  August  12, 
1867,  the  son  of  Enoch  and  Jane  (King)  Har- 
till,  a  more  detailed  account  of  whose  careers 
is  to  be  found  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  In 
1878  our  subject  came  with  the  balance  of  the 
family  to  Pine  City,  Washington,  where  he 
completed  his  educational  training  that  had  been 
begun  in  the  Willamette  valley.  At  the  time 
the  family  came  to  the  Colville  valley  in  1889 
our  subject  came  with  them,  and  here  bestowed 
his  labors  with  his  father  until  he  had  arrived 
at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  There  he  wrought 
for  wages  in  the  surrounding  country  and 
bought  the  quarter  section  where  he  now  re- 
sides, the  year  of  the  purchase  being  1899.  In 
addition  to  general  farming  he  devotes  much  at- 
tention to  fruit  raising  and  is  a  prosperous  man. 

On  December  10,  1901  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Joseph  j\l.  Hartill  and  Louisa,  daugh- 
ter of  David  and  Matilda  (Wilson)  Wooley, 
pioneers  of  Washington.  Mrs.  Hartill  was 
born  in  Kansas  in  1882,  and  came  with  her  par- 
ents to  Chewelah  when  quite  }'oung.  In  the 
latter  place  she  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hartill  two  children 
have  been  born,  Walter  and  Lilly.  Mr.  Hartill 
is  an  active  and  well  informed  Republican  and 
is  ever  found  in  the  field  for  progressive  de- 
velopment. 


DAVID   HARTILL.     Although  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  has  not  passed  his  entire  life 

in  Stevens  county,  yet  the  major  portion  has 
been  spent  here  and  so  thoroughly  has  he  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  country  that  he  deserves 
to  be  ranked  with  the  native  sons  of  Stevens 


county.  David  Hartill  was  born  in  Pine  City, 
Washington,  on  November  9,  1880.  His  par- 
ents, Enoch  and  Jane  (King)  Hartill,  were  na- 
tives of  England  and  came  to  America  when 
they  were  young. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Chewelah,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  assumed 
the  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  He  gave 
himself  to  farming  and  has  followed  it  closely 
since.  He  now  owns  two  hundred  acres  of  land 
in  his  own  right,  and  in  company  with  his 
brother  Emanuel,  farms  eighty  acres  of  the 
old  homestead  with  as  much  more  adjoining. 
Mr.  Hartill  is  an  active  and  stanch  Republican 
and  manifests  a  keen  interest  in  all  that  is  for 
the  welfare  of  the  communitv. 


ELIJAH  A.  VANSLYKE,  who  lives  two 
miles  northeast  from  Chewelah  is  an  active  and 
industrious  farmer.  He  also  devotes  consider- 
able time  and  attention  to  mining  and  has  vari- 
ous mining  interests  through  the  country.  He 
was  born  in  Crown  Point,  Lake  county,  In- 
diana, on  March  20,  1854,  the  son  of  John  and 
Matilda  (Brundage)  VanSlyke,  natives  of 
Canada  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father's 
grandfather  and  a  Mr.  VanNess  settled  on  the 
Mohawk  river  in  very  early  days.  The  father's 
father  departed  from  his  home  when  very 
young  and  located  in  Canada,  following  the  sea. 
Our  subject's  father  settled  in  Indiana  and  in 
1854  returned  to  Canada,  whence  in  1863,  he 
journeyed  back  to  Indiana  and  five  years  later 
went  thence  to  Kansas.  The  mother  died  in 
Indiana  in  1865,  leaving  the  following  children: 
Alfred,  who  was  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sec- 
ond Indiana;  Levi,  deceased;  Edward,  who  per- 
ished in  the  war;  Monroe.  Darius,  Elijah  A., 
Willard,  Suphrona  Shepler,  Corinthia,  John 
W.  and  Lydia,  twins,  the  latter  married  to  J. 
P.  Smith.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  various 
places  where  his  parents  lived  during  his  min- 
ority and  at  the  budding  age  of  sixteen  he  went 
to  Kansas  and  remained  for  five  years.  At  the 
time  of  his  majority  he  located  in  Iowa  and  in 
1874  went  again  to  Kansas.  The  Indians  be- 
ing very  thick  and  hostile  they  had  much  trouble 
with  them.  During  these  years  Mr.  Van- 
Slyke had  paid  considerable  attention  to  study- 
ing and  also  taught  some.  \\'hile  in  Kansas  he 
was  assistant  postmaster  and  in  1890  he  came 


390 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


to  Washington,  locating  in  Chewelah.  Later 
he  went  to  Spokane  and  worked  in  the  post- 
office,  after  which  he  moved  to  Utah  and  there 
in  1893  he  was  caUed  to  mourn  the  death  of 
his  beloved  wife.  Three  years  later,  he  return- 
ed to  Chewelah,  took  his  present  place  as 
a  homestead  and  has  continued  here  uninter- 
ruptedly. The  date  of  Mr.  VanSlyke's  mar- 
riage was  1 888,  and  his  wife,  Stella  M.,  was' 
the  daughter  of  S.  A.  and  Lovern  Manley,  na- 
tives of  Michigan  and  Illinois,  respectively.  I\Ir. 
Manley  lives  now  in  Stevens  county,  but  his 
wife  died  some  years  since.  Mr.  VanSlyke 
has  two  children,  Letea  and  Leland  M.,  both 
with  him  on  the  farm.  In  political  life,  Mr. 
VanSlyke  supports  the  principles  of  Socialism. 


PERRY  D.  STORY  is  one  of  the  promis- 
ing young  men  of  Stevens  county,  who  can 
claim  the  distinction  of  having  been  born  in  the 
fertile  Colville  valley.  The  date  of  this  event 
was  May  5,  1884,  and  the  place  Chewelah. 
Joshua  and  Rhoda  (Lucas)  Story,  prominent 
people  of  the  Colville  valley,  who  are  specifically 
mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  volume,  are 
the  parents  of  our  subject.  Perry  D.  has  five 
brothers  and  sisters:  Edith,  deceased;  Ada, 
deceased;  IMathew,  Herbert  and  J.  W.  The 
common  and  high  schools  of  Chewelah  are  the 
scene  of  young  Story's-  early  studies.  After 
completing  his  education  he  secured  a  diploma 
for  teaching,  but  never  gave  attention  thereto. 
He  continued  with  his  father  until  1902.  and 
then  with  his  brother  and  cousin,  both  of  whom 
are  especially  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  vol- 
ume, our  subject  engaged  in  the  sawmilling 
business.  He  was  a  practical  sawmill  man, 
having  had  much  experience  with  his  father, 
who  was  a  skilled  manufacturer  of  lumber.  A 
good  success  is  rewarding  the  labors  and  skill 
of  Mr.  Story  and  he  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  industry  in  Stevens  county. 
Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  ]\I.  W.  A.  in 
Chewelah  and  is  a  popular  young  man. 


becoming  to  be  one  of  the  old  settled  states. 
The  date  when  ^Ir.  Story  began  life  was  No- 
vember 3,  18S2.  He  is  the  son  of  Joshua  and 
Rhoda  (Lucas)  Story,  natives  of  Canada  and 
Kansas,  respectively.  The  father  came  first 
from  Canada  to  Kansas  and  then  in  1882  set- 
tled in  Stevens  county,  where  he  now  lives.  A 
more  extended  mention  of  him  will  be  found 
elsewhere  in  this  work.  Our  subject  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Edith  and  Ada, 
deceased ;  Perry,  j\Iathew  and  Herbert.  From 
the  schools  in  Chewelah  John  W.  received  his 
education  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  assumed 
the  responsibilities  of  life.  In  1902  Mr.  Story 
associated  himself  with  Claud  Stolp  and  to- 
gether they  erected  a  fine  sawmilling  plant 
about  a  mile  north  of  Chewelah,  and  since  the 
completion  of  the  mill  they  have  done  a  good 
business  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  lum- 
ber product.  They  have  two  hundred  acres  of 
good  timber  land  adjacent  to  the  mill  and  are 
doing  a  good  business  now. 

]Mr.  Story  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  High- 
landers in  Chewelah. 


JOHN  W.  STORY  has  the  distinction  of 
having  been  born  in  Chewelah,  Washington, 
which  fact  indicates  that  this  portion  of  ^^'ash- 
ington  is  no  longer  a  frontier  section,  but  is 


CLAUD  STOLP.  The  enterprising  young 
gentleman  whose  name  appears  above  is  a  mem- 
ber of  a  firm  which  is  conducting  a  sawmilling 
plant  about  one  mile  north  of  Chewelah.  Al- 
though he  is  not  a  native  of  Stevens  county,  still 
nearly  his  entire  life  has  been  spent  here,  and  he 
is  a  son  in  which  the  county  may  take  a  pardon- 
able pride. 

Claud  Stolp  was  born  in  Medicine  Lodge, 
Kansas,  on  November  11,  1879,  the  son  of  M. 
C.  and  Ida  J.  (Lucas)  Stolp,  who  are  men- 
tioned in  another  portion  of  this  work.  Claud 
was  broug"ht  to  Stevens  county  when  he  was 
four  years  old  and  at  the  public  and  high 
schools  in  Chewelah  he  was  trained  in  educa- 
tional matters.  He  also  received  excellent 
training  from  his  judicious  and  wise  father  and 
for  years  assisted  him  in  the  sawmilling  busi- 
ness, where  he  gained  a  practical  knowledge 
of  the  same  that  can  not  be  had  in  any  other 
way.  In  1902  he  entered  into  partnership  with 
John  W.  Story  and  Perry  S.  Story,  and  to- 
gether they  constructed  the  plant  which  they  are 
now  operating.  In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Stolp 
owns  a  half  interest  in  two  hundred  acres  of 
fine  timber  land.     He  has  a  good  plant,  and  it 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTOiN. 


391 


is  conducted  in  a  first-class  manner.  Politically 
]\Ir.  Stolp  is  a  good  active  Democrat,  while  fra- 
ternally he  is  affiliated  with  the  Maccabees  and 
Good  Templars.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Endeavor  society. 


JAMES  SPENCE  was  born  July  29, 
1875,  in  Alamakee  county,  Iowa,  son  of  J.  P. 
and  Mary  A.  (Welsh)  Spence,  natives  of  Illi- 
nois and  Ohio,  respectively. 

Mr.  Spence  received  his  education  in  a 
country  school  in  Spokane  county  and  at  the 
early  age  of  seventeen  started  for  himself.  In 
1896  he  came  to  Stevens  county,  but  for  four 
years  previous  to  this  he  had  been  doing  busi- 
ness on  his  own  responsibility.  After  arriving 
in  Stevens  county  Mr.  Spence  not  only  labored 
with  his  father,  but  has  done  considerable  tim- 
ber and  lumber  work  for  himself.  He  is  a 
young  man  of  promise  and  stands  well  in  the 
community.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  see  stalwart 
young  Americans,  like  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle, rising  to  take  the  places  of  those  worthy 
pioneers  who  are  all  too  fast  disappearing  in  the 
Colville  valley. 


JAMES  POLK  SPENCE.  Although  the 
subject  of  this  article  has  not  resided  in  Stevens 
county  as  long  as  the  earlier  pioneers,  neverthe- 
less his  industry,  energy  and  identification  with 
the  interests  of  the  county  have  been  so  patent 
that  it  is  fitting  for  us  to  grant  a  representation 
of  him  in  this  volume. 

James  P.  Spence  was  born  in  Mercer  county, 
Illinois,  on  April  6,  1844,  the  son  of  John  L. 
and  Nancy  (Denham)  Spence,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  respectively.  They  were 
married  in  Missouri,  whence  they  moved  to  Illi- 
nois where  the  father  died  when  our  subject 
was  but  nine  months  old.  Through  the  mis- 
fortune of  sickness  the  mother  lost  nearly  all 
her  property,  but  in  this  time  of  need  her  people 
came  to  her  assistance.  Later  she  maried  J.  R. 
Read,  and  they  moved  to  Washington,  and  at 
Cheney  she  was  called  away  by  death  in  1895. 
The  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  soldier 
under  General  Jackson  in  the  early  Indian  wars 
of  this  country.  In  the  district  schools  of  Ala- 
makee county,  Iowa,  our  subject  received  his 
education   and   when   eighteen   rented   a   farm 


where  he  remained  for  ten  or  twehe  years.  In 
1889  he  came  to  Washington  and  for  seven 
years  remained  in  Spokane  county,  then  he  came 
to  Stevens  county  and  took  his  present  place  as 
a  homestead.  In  the  improvement  and  cultiva- 
tion of  this  Mr.  Spence  has  been  engaged  since. 
He  has  a  good  residence,  three  barns,  and  other 
buildings,  and  handles  considerable  stock. 

On  October  7,  1863,  was  celebrated  the 
marriage  of  ]\Ir.  J.  P.  Spence  and  Jvliss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Ann  (Lyons)  Welsh, 
natives  of  Ireland.  ]\Irs.  Spence  was  born  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  received  her  education  in 
that  place  and  in  Iowa.  To  this  marriage  ten 
children  have  been  born,  seven  of  whom  are 
living,  as  follows:  Annie  E.,  wife  of  Charles 
Clink,  in  Spokane ;  Nancy,  wife  of  A.  Dragoo, 
in  Kansas ;  James  ;  Rosa ;  Thomas  W. :  Elex- 
ander  and  Margret.  The  last  five  are  living 
with  their  parents.  ]\Irs.  Spence  is  a  member 
of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Spence  is  a  man 
of  good  standing,  and  enjovs  the  good  will  of 
all. 


LAW^REXCE  LAMBERT,  who  resides 
about  one  mile  northeast  from  Chewelah,  where 
he  devotes  his  energies  to  farming  and  stock 
raising,  was  born  in  Vina,  Austria,  July,  1852, 
the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Lambert,  natives  of 
the  same  country.  They  were  prosperous 
farmers  and  remained  there  until  the  day  of 
their  death.  The  grandfather  of  our  subject 
was  an  officer  in  the  Austrian  army.  Mr.  Lam- 
bert has  one  sister,  Mary,  married  and  living  in 
Austria.  Lawrence  was  not  favored  with  op- 
portunities to  gain  an  education  in  his  youth, 
consequently  his  learning  has  been  entirely  ac- 
complished through  his  own  personal  .research, 
but.  howe\-er,  it  may  be  said  to  the  credit  of 
Mr.  Lambert,  that  he  has  so  well  embraced 
every  opportunity  that  he  is  a  well-informed 
man.  When  eighteen  he  left  the  parental  home 
and  four  years  later  came  to  America,  locating 
in  Minneapolis.  He  soon  removed  to  St. 
Cloud,  Minnesota,  and  there  remained  twelve 
years.  In  1890  Mr.  Lambert  came  to  W^ash- 
ington  and  for  some  time  was  engaged  in  con- 
tracting ties.  He  located  a  homestead  at  the 
place  he  now  lives  and  has  improved  it  in  a 
good  manner. 

In  1876  occurred  the  marriage  of  Lawrence 
Lambert  and  Miss  Alaggie  Cook,  a  native  of 


392 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Germany,  and  the  following  children  have  been 
bom  to  them:  Henry,  Mollie,  Catherine, 
wife  of  R.  M.  Thomas:  ^Mary  AL,  wife  of 
Harry  Benson,  in  Chewelah;  Annie,  wife  of 
Micheal  Gillan,  in  Ferry  county :  Maggie,  and 
Blanch.  ]\Ir.  Lambert  is  a  member  of  the 
Maccabees,  while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to 
the  Catholic  church. 


EPHRAIM  A.  KYES,  the  present  genial 
and  accommodating  incumbent  of  the  postoffice 
at  Chewelah.  is  a  man  of  broad  experience  and 
has  displayed  both  integrity  and  sterling  worth 
in  his  walk  among  us  in  Stevens  county.  He 
was  born  in  Wood  county,  Ohio,  May  22,  1838, 
the  son  of  Albert  and  Mahala  (Powers)  Kyes, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Vermont,  re- 
spectively. Their  families  removed  to  Ohio 
in  1 81 6  and  there  they  met  and  were  married. 
In  1832  they  moved  to  Wood  county,  where 
in  1838  the  father  died.  The  mother  struggled 
on,  raising  a  family  of  seven  children,  who  are 
named  as  follows:  Hiram  A.,  deceased;  Au- 
gustus P.,  Samuel  H.,  Philetus,  Mallissa,  de- 
ceased; Caroline,  and  Ephraim  A.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  at 
thirteen  left  his  books  for  more  vigorous  exer- 
cise. In  1861  he  enlisted  in  company  I, 
Twenty-first'Ohio,  under  Colonel  J.  S.  Norton 
and  Captain  J.  K.  Seamn.  On  July  12.  1861, 
he  had  his  first  experience  in  the  battle,  the 
same  being  Scary  Creek.  West  Virginia.  Then 
he  was  as  Charlestown.  West  Virginia,  and  was 
mustered  out  on  August  13,  1861.  He  went 
home  and  remained  for  a  year,  then  re-enlisted 
in  Company  G,  First  Ohio  Light  Artillery.  The 
train  which  bore  him  was  the  last  on  the  great 
trestle  at  Nashville,  before  it  burned.  Soon 
after  his  enlistment  he  was  sent  to  the  hospital 
for  six  weeks,  then  joined  his  company  and 
fought  at  Stone  River.  He  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Murfreesboro  and  was  in  very  active 
campaigning  all  over  Mississippi,  Alabama. 
Kentucky.  Tennessee  and  Georgia.  During 
these  times  he  fought  Bragg,  and  was  in  the 
battles  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary 
Ridge.  In  various  ones  of  his  campaigns  they 
met  overwhelming  numbers,  but  were  enabled 
to  hold  the  enemy  at  bay  until  reinforcements 
arrived.  After  these  arduous  campaigns  his 
company    was    sent    to    Nashville  to  recruit. 


Again  they  were  sent  out  in  active  service  and 
chased  and  retreated  before  Hood  on  various 
occasions.  Mr.  Kyes  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga,  Spring  Hill  and  Franklin. 
Tennessee;  was  at  the  fight  at  Nashville,  and 
at  Greeneville,  Tennessee,  he  heard  of  Lee's 
surrender  and  of  Lincoln's  death.  On  June  13, 
1865,  he  was  mustered  out  at  Nashville,  glad 
enough  to  lay  down  the  soldier's  equipment  for 
the  civilian's  industry.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  came  to  Colorado  and  farmed  and 
mined  there  and  in  the  valley  until  1889.  In 
this  last  year  he  came  to  Washington  and  in 
1890  located  at  Chewelah.  In  December.  1899, 
Air.  Kyes  married  Mrs.  Ella  Slee,  widow  of 
J.  W.  Slee.  The  principles  of  the  Republican 
party  are  those  held  by  Air.  Kyes  and  his 
activity  and  influence  are  ever  manifested  in  the 
campaign.  In  1897  he  was  appointed  post- 
master at  Chewelah,  and  has  given'  entire  satis- 
faction in  that  position.*  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  the  K.  O.  T.  AI.  Airs.  Kves  is 
a  member  of  the  L.  O.  T.  AI.  and  the  W.  R.  C. 


HARRY  R.  DENN  resides  about  one  mile 
northeast  from  Chewelah  upon  land  which  he 
bought  from  the  railroad  company.  He  was 
born  in  Chase  county,  Kansas,  on  July  27, 
1875,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Lovern  (Manley) 
Denn.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  and  after  the  birth  of  our  subject  he  went 
to  Colorado,  later  to  Arizona  and  finally,  after 
traveling  to  New  Alexico,  he  came  to  Spokane 
in  1888.  The  next  year  he  settled  in  Stevens 
county  and  devoted  himself  to  farming.  In 
1894  the  people  believed  that  Air.  Denn  was  the 
man  to  represent  them  in  the  state  legislature 
and  accordingly  he  was  nominated  on  the  Popu- 
list ticket  and  received  prompt  election.  Mr. 
and  Airs.  Denn  were  the  parents  of  five  chil- 
dren, three  of  whim  lived:  \\'illiam.  Lottie 
Hubbard,  and  the  subject  of  this  article.  When 
Harry  R.  was  seven  years  old  his  mother  died, 
and  after  that  he  lived  with  his  sister  and  his 
uncle,  receiving  his  training  as  best  possible 
from  the  district  schools,  \\nien  very  young 
he  commenced  to  do  for  himself,  his  first 
venture  being  herding  cattle.  In  1887  we  find 
him  working  on  the  railroad  near  Spokane, 
following  which  he  took  a  position  in  a  grocer)' 
store  and  in  1889  he  came  to  Chewelah.     He 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


393 


labored  for  wages  in  various  callings  until  1896, 
then  took  up  a  homestead  which  was  afterward 
sold  and  a  piece  of  railroad  land  was  bought. 
He  sold  the  latter  land  and  rented,  after  which 
he  bought  his  present  place  and  has  given  his 
attention  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock. 
On  October  24,  1897,  Mr.  Denn  married 
Miss  Delta,  daughter  of  A.  V.  and  Frona  (Van 
Slyke)  Sheppler,  and  a  native  of  Stevens 
county.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  his 
household,  Ralph,  Edward  and  Lovern.  Mr. 
Denn  is  a  liberal  thinker,  and  a  man  of  broad 
and  comprehensive  views. 


WILLIAM  W.  DICKSON.  Scarce  a  de- 
cade has  passed  since  the  subject  of  this  article 
located  in  Springdale  in  the  mercantile  business, 
and  so  closely  and  wisely  has  he  devoted  himself 
to  his  interests  that  he  is  at  the  present  time 
conducting  one  of  the  best  commercial  estab- 
lishments in  the  Colville  valley.  He  is  located 
in  Chewelah,  where  he  has  wrought  incessantly 
and  has  manifested  such  integrity  and  ability 
that  the  people  have  called  him  to  the  highest 
office  of  the  town. 

William  W.  Dickson  was  born  in  Reynolds 
county,  Missouri,  on  December  i,  1856,  the  son 
of  Thomas  M.  and  Elizabeth  (Chitwood) 
Dickson,  natives  of  Tennessee.  \Mien  young 
they  migrated  to  Missouri  and  there  remained 
until  1883,  in  which  year  they  removed  to  Gar- 
field county,  Washington.  They  are  still  living 
there  and  are  the  parents  of  the  following  chil- 
dren :  Addie  Gerhardt,  Louisa  Key,  Hiram 
Joel,  Minnie  Bishop,  Neosha  and  Rosa.  The 
public  school  contributed  the  educational  train- 
toing  of  our  subject  and  when  twenty-one  he 
came  to  Garfield  county.  He  took  land,  later 
returned  to  Missouri  for  his  bride,  and  then 
continued  in  farming  until  1895.  As  men- 
tioned above,  he  then  came  to  Springdale.  and 
since  he  has  been  identified  with  the  business 
interest  of  the  Colville  valley. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Dickson  and  Miss 
Mary  C.  Reed,  of  Shannon  county,  Missouri, 
was  solemnized  on  April  26,  1883.  She  has 
two  sisters.  Sina.  deceased,  and  Jura  Harris. 
Mr.  Dickson  is  an  active  and  well  informed 
Democrat  and  is  always  on  hand  in  the  cam- 
paigns. He  is  a  member  of  the  scliool  board, 
was  the  first  mayor  of  Chewelah,  which  posi- 


tion he  holds  still,  and  has  always  been  a  leader 
in  development  and  progression.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  of 
the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  while  his  wife  belongs  to  the 
R.  N.  A.  They  are  both  worthy  adherents  of 
the  Congregational  church,  and  among  the 
people  of  the  valley  they  are  highly  esteemed 
and  are  the  recipients  of  confidence  and  good 


HENRY  POMEROY  has  so  managed  his 
business  enterprises  since  coming  to  the  Col- 
ville valley  in  1889,  that  at  the  present  time  he 
is  one  of  the  leading  property  holders  of  Che- 
welah and  is  considered  by  all  as  a  first  class 
business  man,  while  it  is  his  good  fortune  to 
enjoy  the  best  of  standing  in  the  community. 
He  was  born  in  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  on  Jan- 
uary 17,  1862,  the  son  of  Dwight  W.  and 
Mariah  (Harden)  Pomeroy,  natives  of  New 
York.  When  young  they  came  to  Illinois  and 
there  farmed  until  1882,  when  they  journeyed 
to  Kansas  and  there  died,  the  father  in  1887, 
and  the  mother  in  1902.  For  a  time  the  father 
was  cashier  in  a  bank  in  Illinois.  They  were 
the  parents  of  the  following  children  :  Deforest, 
Theadore,  Helen  Kelly,  Ella  Griffin,  Theadosia 
Noell,  Caroline  Tubbs,  Alvin,  Fannie,  deceased, 
Henry,  who  is  our  subject,  and  Elmer.  The 
common  schools  furnished  the  training  of  our 
subject  in  books  and  when  he  had  attained  his 
majority,  he  started  in  life  for  himself.  Nine 
years  were  spent  in  farming  in  Kansas,  and  in 
1889,  he  came  to  Washington.  One  year  was 
spent  in  the  sawmill,  and  then  he  engaged  with 
James  Monaghan,  where  he  continued  for  five 
years,  after  which  he  rented  the  large  estate  of 
Mr.  Monaghan  for  five  years.  He  is  still 
handling  that  estate,  but  also  is  raising  stock 
for  himself  and  in  addition  thereto  Mr.  Pomeroy 
has  been  in  business  in  Chewelah.  In  1892  he 
bought  a  livery  stable  and  one  year  later  rented 
it  and  erected  a  business  block.  In  1892,  l\Ir. 
Pomeroy  built  a  hotel,  the  finest  in  the  town, 
and  after  conducting  it  for  a  period  he  leased 
it.  He  still  owns  all  this  property  mentioned, 
and  also  handles  much  stock  of  his  own,  besides 
having  other  property  interests. 

In  1884,  Mr.  Pomeroy  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Mary  E.  Smith,  whose  par- 
ents were  natives  of  Indiana.  In  1897,  they  re- 
moved to  Stevens  countv  and  two  years  later 


394 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


they  were  both  called  hence  by  death.  Air. 
Pomeroy  was  satisfied  with  the  Republican 
principles  until  1896,  when  he  enrolled  himself 
with  the  Democrats  and  since  that  time  has  been 
in  that  party  fold.  He  is  qiiite  liberal  in  his 
views  and  manifests  no  small  amount  of  inde- 
pendence in  handling  and  deciding  the  ques- 
tions of  local  import  and  national  importance. 
Mr.  Pomeroy  has  always  been  a  leader  in  bet- 
tering educational  facilities  and  is  now  serving 
on  the  board.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Catholic  church. 


;Mr.  Story  is  liberal  and  in  favor  of  all  that  ad- 
vances the  general  welfare.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Maccabees,  and  the 
M.  W.  A.,  while  Mrs.  Story  belongs  to  the 
L.  O.  T.  M. 


JOSHUA  STORY.  In  the  two  occupa- 
tions, sawmilling  and  farming,  the  subject  of 
this  article  is  engaged  at  the  present  time.  He 
resides  about  one  mile  north  of  Chewelah  upon 
land  which  he  has  improved  and  transformed 
from  the  wilds  of  nature  to  a  beautiful  and  val- 
uable farm.  Joshua  Story  was  born  in  Kent 
county,  Ontario,  on  August  26,  1838,  the  son 
of  John  and  Catherine  (McGarven)  Story,  na- 
tives of  Canada.  The  mother's  people  are  na- 
tives of  Ireland,  and  are  members  of  one  of  the 
wealthy  and  prominent  families,  whose  estates 
are  being  adjudicated  there  at  the  present  time. 
They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children  :  Susan 
Bently.  Michael,  deceased;  Thomas,  IMary,  de- 
ceased; IMorris,  deceased;  Lemmick,  John  M., 
Nathaniel,  deceased,  Joshua,  Maria,  and  P.  J. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  excellent 
schools  of  Ontario,  and  when  twenty-two  he 
stepped  forth  from  the  parental  roof,  and  his 
first  enterprise  was  to  learn  that  king  of  all 
trades,  blacksmithing.  For  fifteen  years  he  beat 
the  anvil  to  the  tune  of  merry  industry,  and  in 
1882  came  west  to  Stevens  county.  For  ten 
years  he  worked  steadily  at  his  trade,  but  has  of 
late  devoted  himself  to  farming  and  sawmilling. 
In  1889,  ^vith  his  brother-in-law,  M.  C.  Stolp, 
he  erected  a  sawmill  on  their  land  which  they 
are  now  operating.  Mr.  Story  is  a  man  of  great 
industry  and  skill,  and  has  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

In  1878  Mr.  Story  married  Miss  Rhoda  A., 
daughter  of  Dennis  F.  and  Rhoda  (Langford) 
Lucas.  Mr.  and  j\Irs.  Lucas  are  more  particu- 
larly mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  work. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Storv  have  been  born  five 
children  :  John  W.,  Perry  D..  Mathew  D..  Her- 
bert, and  Ada,  deceased.    In  the  political  camp. 


PETER  KING,  deceased.  The  old  Peter 
King  estate,  which  lies  about  three  miles  north 
of  Chewelah,  is  one  of  the  earliest  settled  places 
in  Northern  Washington.  It  was  well  known 
to  all  the  old  timers  and  was  pointed  to  as  one 
of  the  land  marks  of  the  early  days.  Peter 
King,  who  secured  the  same  from  his  wife's 
father,  was  one  of  the  earliest  men  to  press  into 
the  wilds  of  this  western  country  and  make  set- 
tlement here.  He  was  born  in  Quebec,  in  1820 
and  found  his  way  to  the  Colville  valley  when 
still  quite  young.  He  was  a  blacksmith  in  the 
employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  sev- 
eral years  and  settled  on  this  farm  about  185 1. 
j  From  that  time  until  the  day  of  his  death,  1887, 
de  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  raising 
stock.  To  Mr.  and  J\lrs.  King,  eleven  children 
were  born,  five  of  whom  lived,  as  follows: 
Sophia,  wife  of  Charles  Regney ;  Mary,  wife  of 
C.  F.  Conraddy,  in  Colville;  Julia  ]\I.,  wife  of 
Frank  AlcCloud,  in  Alontana;  Louise,  wife  of 
Randolph  Roberts,  in  Stevens  county;  Martina, 
living  with  her  mother ;  those  deceased  are : 
\\'illiam,  Patrick,  Louis.  Henry,  Eliza  and 
Marshall.  Mrs.  King  is  the  daughter  of  Pat- 
rick and  Mary  Finley,  natives  respectively  of 
Ireland  and  Washington.  Air.  Finley  came  to 
Colville  in  1820  and  dwelt  with  the  Indians. 
IMrs.  King  survives  her  husband  and  now  dwells 
on  the  old  homestead,  to  the  management  of 
which  she  devotes  her  attention.  She  belongs 
to  the  Catholic  church  and  is  now  aged  seventy. 
She  could  recite  many,  tales  of  thrilling  adven- 
ture and  of  the  settlement  and  development  of 
this  county  which  would  be  intensely  interest- 
ing to  all. 


ALPHONSO  V.  SHEPLER  resides  one 
mile  northeast  from  Chewelah  where  he  devotes 
himself  to  farming  and  mining  as  well  as  oper- 
ating a  real  estate  business  in  Chewelah.  He 
was  horn  in  Peoria.  Illinois,  on  June  2,  1850, 
tlie  son  of  Samuel  J.  and  Hester  TFry)  Shep- 
ler.   natives   of   Pennsvlvania.      Thev   are   de- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


395 


scendants  of  the  colonists  who  came  to  this 
country  with  Wilham  Penn.  The  father  served 
on  transports  during  the  Civil  War  under  Gen- 
erals Thomas,  Grant  and  Banks.  After  the 
war  he  owne'd  and  operated  steamboats  for 
three  years.  Subsequent  to  this  he  conducted  a 
saw  mill  in  Kansas  and  was  probate  judge  and 
clerk  of  the  count)'  for  six  years.  Then  he 
opened  a  real  estate  office  and  in  1886  was 
called  to  the  world  beyond.  They  were  parents 
of  sevn  children:  Alphonso  V.,  Thomas  F., 
Eunice  A.,  Bell,  John  H.,  deceased,  Mary  Lytle, 
and  Nora  T.,  deceased.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated very  thoroughly  and  continued  to  labor 
with  and  for  his  father  until  he  was  thirty  years 
of  age.  He  came  to  Sprague  in  1882  and  rail- 
roaded for  a  time.  His  next  venture  was  to 
conduct  a  bakery  in  Moscow,  and  in  1888  he 
came  to  Stevens  county  and  bought  the  quarter 
section  where  he  now  resides.  In  addition  to 
his  real  estate  Mr.  Shepler  owns  considerable 
mining  property,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Widow's  JNIite,  :Madderhorn,  in  the 
Chewelah  district  and  others  on  the  reserva- 
tion. In  1903  Mr.  Shepler  opened  up  a  real 
estate  business  which  he  has  followed  together 
with  his  other  enterprises  ever  since. 

In  1880  ]\Ir.  Shepler  was  married  to  So- 
phronia  Vanslyke,  whose  ancestors  came  from 
Holland.  She  had  ten  brothers  and  sisters; 
Alfred,  Levi,  deceased,  Edward,  Franklyn,  all 
have  been  prominent  in  military  circles,  Darius, 
Austin  E.,  Williard  E.,  Cyrintha,  Liklie  A.,  and 
John  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shepler  are  parents  of 
three  children :  Delta,  wife  of  H.  R.  Denn,  of 
this  county;  Hester  N.,  deceased:  John  H.  P., 
with  his  parents.  Mr.  Shepler  is  an  active 
Democrat.  In  1890  he  made  the  race  against 
Fred  Sherwood  and  lacked  only  a  few  vot^s 
of  gaining  the  day.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  for  six  years  and  takes  great  interest  in 
the  progress  of  the  country.  Mr.  Shepler  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  and  his  wife 
is  a  member  of  the  W.  R.  C. 


HENDERSON  P.  GARRISON.  The 
rich  resources  of  Stevens  county  are  varied,  and 
the  sources  of  revenue  also  represent  numerous 
industries,  but  perhaps  none  among  them  are 
greater  producers  of  wealth  than  agriculture.  A 
worthv  class  of  citizens  have  followed  this  all 


important  art  for  many  years  in  the  valley, 
while  of  later  years  newer  blood  and  younger 
hands  have  come  in  to  advance  further  the 
power  of  development  and  progress.  Among 
this  latter  number  maj'  be  mentioned  the  subject 
of  this  article,  who  was  born  in  Lee  county, 
Virginia,  on  February  6,  1870,  the  son  of  An- 
drew J.  and  Martha  (Daugherty)  Garrison,  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respectively. 
They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children :  Mary 
E.,  deceased;  James  F.,  Samantha  McConnell, 
Henderson  P.,  General  M.,  Andrew  J.,  Cale- 
donia, Laura  L.  In  his  native  place  our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  great  Alma  Mater  of  the 
people,  the  district  school,  and  the  first  twenty 
years  of  his  life  were  spent  with  his  parents. 
Following  this  he  was  occupied  one  year  on  the 
farm  and  then  three  more  in  the  pursuit  of 
higher  education.  Then  he  took  up  the  respon- 
sible work  of  the  educator,  and  until  1900  was 
numbered  among  the  most  capable  teachers 
in  this  vicinity.  He  then  located  in  Stevens 
county,  purchasing  a  quarter  section  where  he 
now  resides,  four  miles  west  of  Chewelah.  He 
has  made  comfortable  improvements,  and  in 
addition  to  some  farming  land  his  estate  in- 
cludes about  one  million  feet  of  fine  saw  timber. 
In  1899,  Mr.  Garrison  married  Miss  Bell, 
daughter  of  Hiram  and  Lucinda  (Smith), 
Dixon,  natives  of  Kentucky  but  emigrants  to 
Newtown,  Virginia.  They  are  the  parents  of 
six  children :  Mary  J.  Hannshell,  Emma  '^\h\\- 
lins.  Bell,  Campbell,  Zion,  Ballard.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Garrison : 
Mattie  L.,  Cordie,  Orba  L.  !Mr.  Garrison  be- 
lieves in  the  principles  and  doctrines  of  social- 
ism, and  is  an  intelligent  expounder  of  the 
same. 


SA^IUEL  P.  CECIL.  Tlie  subject  of  this 
biographical  review  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  stirring  agriculturists  of  the  Colville  valley, 
and  the  work  that  he  has  wrought  here  is  man- 
infested  in  the  good  showing  on  his  estate.  He 
resides  four  miles  west  from  Chewelah  and  in 
addition  to  general  farming  does  logging  and 
lumber  work  during  portions  of  the  year. 

Samuel  P.  Cecil  was  born  in  Lee  county, 
Virginia,  on  August  4,  1857.  the  son  of  Michael 
and  Marl  (Penington)  Cecil,  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. They  were  of  English  and  Irish  ances- 
trv  and  remained  until  their  death  in  Virginia, 


396 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


that  of  the  former  occurring  on  April  6,  1886, 
and  of  the  latter  on  February  6,  1900  and  their 
remains  lie  in  the  old  home  cemetery  in  Lee 
county.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, nine  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows: 
Wilk,  Elisabeth  I^Iente,  Susan  Sutler,  Marther 
Ollinger,  E.  \\'..  Catherine  Flannery,  Z.  M.,  W. 
L.  and  Samuel  P.  The  common  schools  fur- 
nished the  educational  training  of  our  subject 
and  he  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty- 
five  years  of  age,  then  he  married  and  began 
farming  for  himself.  In  1885  he  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  four  years  later  came  thence  to 
Medical  Lake,  Washington,  where  he  followed 
the  basic  art  for  one  year,  then  removed  to 
Walla  Walla,  but  returned  to  Medical  Lake. 
In  1892  he  settled  in  the  Colville  valley  and 
bought  his  present  place.  The  improvements 
were  very  scanty  but  by  careful  management 
and  constant  industry,  Mr.  Cecil  soon  gained  a 
start,  and  now  he  has  one  of  the  fine  places  of 
the  valley.  In  1901  he  erected  a  commodious 
residence  and  other  good  buildings. 

On  November  14,  1882,  Mr.  Cecil  mar- 
ried Miss  Gemimah,  daughter  of  David  and 
Louisa  (Bartha)  Cox,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
Virginia,  respectively.  Mrs.  Cecil  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters :  Katherine  Gra- 
ham, Elizabeth  Rogas,  Alice  Barker,  Tine,  de- 
ceased, Charlie  Gaynor,  Dollie,  Joey.  Our  sub- 
ject and  his  w-ife  are  parents  of  four  children : 
Ornie,  Clarence,  Claude,  and  Orby,  deceased. 
Mr.  Cecil  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.  He  is  one  of  the  intelligent  and 
thrifty  men  of  the  valley  and  their  valuable 
home  place  is  conducted  in  a  manner  befitting 
an  intelligent  and  up-to-date  farmer. 


HENRY  SEABRANDT.  Like  most  of 
those  who  find  their  way  to  the  United  States 
from  the  Fatherland,  the  subject  of  this  article 
is  a  man  of  thrift  and  good  sulDStantial  qualities. 
He  resides  on  his  generous  estate  of  one-half 
section  about  one  mile  south  of  Blue  Creek 
postoffice,  and  his  skill  in  the  art  of  agriculture 
as  wrought  out  on  his  farm,  is  a  good  object 
lesson  to  any  man.  On  March  23,  1851,  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  Henry  Sealirandt  was  born 
to  Herman  and  Margret  (Gestraing)  Sea- 
brandt,  also  natives  of  the  Fatherland.  Eight 
years  later  the  lad  was  left  motherless,  and  he 


soon  learned  the  ways  of  the  world  in  hard- 
ships and  the  attempts  to  support  himself.  The 
summers  were  spent  in  herding  cows  and  the 
winters  in  working  for  his  board  and  attend- 
ing school.  In  1865  he  came  with  his  father  to 
Cook  county,  Illinois.  One  brother,  the  only 
only  other  living  child  of  the  family,  came  with 
them.  Farm  work  occupied  Henry  until  1878 
when  he  went  to  Minnesota  and  bought  a  farm. 
For  a  decade,  he  was  numbered  among  the  lead- 
ing agriculturists  of  that  state.  He  then  came 
to  Spokane  and  lived  five  years.  After  that  Mr. 
Seabrandt  took  a  homestead  where  he  now 
lives,  which  was  augmented  later  by  the  pur- 
chase of  another  quarter  section.  Good  build- 
ings and  substantial  improvements  make  the 
estate  valuable  and  a  desirable  place  to  live. 

In  1878  occurred  the  marriage  of  Miss 
Maggie,  daughter  of  John  and  Lizzie  (Hauns- 
nan)  Atrops.  natives  of  Germany,  and  the 
subject  of  this  article.  Four  children  have 
come  to  bless  the  household  :  Lizzie,  Fred,  Her- 
man and  John.  Mrs.  Seabrandt's  parents  came 
to  Minnesota,  where  she  was  born  in  1857.  She 
has  eight  brothers  and  sisters :  Caroline,  Annie, 
Jerry.  Henry,  Lena,  Lizzie.  Sebilla,  and  John. 
Mr.  Seabrandt  is  very  active  in  the  advance- 
ment of  educational  facilities  and  gives  his  time 
for  service  on  the  school  board.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  W.  and  his  wife  of  the  circle. 
They  both  belong  to  the  Lutheran  church. 


HENRY  T.  COX.  Three  miles  east  from 
Blue  Creek,  on  land  which  he  bought  from  the 
railroad  company,  resides  one  of  the  prosperous 
young  men  of  Stevens  county.  And  he  has 
gained  his  holdings  by  virtue  of  his  own  thrift 
and  industry.  The  birth  of  the  subject  of  this 
article  occurred  in  Elliott  county.  Kentucky,  on 
January  18,  1871.  He  is  the  son  of  John  and 
Rebeka  Cox,  natives  of  Lee  county,  Virginia, 
who  moved  to  Kentucky  in  1868,  but  twelve 
years  later  returned  to  Lee  county,  where  they 
now  reside.  They  are  the  parents  of  six  chil- 
dren:  Henry  T.,  William,  Sallie  Corner,  Nellie 
Hurley,  Adeline  Gibson,  and  Dora.  Lee  county 
is  the  place  where  Mr.  Cox  gained  his  instruc- 
tion and  he  then  being  twelve,  went  to  live  with 
his  grandfather.  Four  years  later  he  assumed 
the  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself,  and 
wrought  at  various  employments  until    1897, 


mSTORY  OF  NORTH  WASHINGTON. 


397 


when  he  came  to  Washington  and  bought  the 
land  where  he  now  resides.  Among  other  im- 
provements on  his  farm  he  has  erected  good 
buildings  and  is  handling  considerable  stock. 

In  1892  Mr.  Cox  married  Miss  Minnie, 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Dollie  (Willis)  John- 
son, also  natives  of  Lee  county,  Virginia.  The 
grandfather  of  Mrs.  Cox  was  John  Johnson,  a 
captain  in  the  confederate  army.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife : 
Carr,  Marie  and  Henry  Harrison.  Mr.  Cox  is 
a  good  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  W.  W. 


WILLIAM  J.  CAPLIN  settled  in  Stevens 
county  about  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the 
Colville  reservation  and  since  that  time  has 
given  his  attention  to  improving  his  homestead, 
which  he  took  then,  and  to  mining.  His  farm 
is  located  about  eight  miles  west  of  Orient  and 
is  an  excellent  piece  of  land.  A  portion  of  it  is 
natural  meadow  land  and  valuable.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  farm,  Mr.  Caplin  has  several  valuable 
mining  claims,  among  them  the  Eagle,  the 
Eagle  Number  Two,  and  the  Monte  Carlo. 
They  are  all  in  one  group,  and  show  first  class 
values.  He  has  three  thousand  feet  of  tunnel- 
ing done  and  is  pushing  the  work  rapidly.  Will- 
iam J.  Caplin  was  born  in  Syracuse,  New  York, 
on  May  10,  1852,  the  son  of  John  and  Maria 
(Stanton)  Caplin,  natives  of  England.  The 
parents  came  to  the  United  States  when  young 
and  were  married  in  Watertown,  New  York, 
whence  they  returned  to  Syracuse,  where  they 
spent  the  balance  of  their  lives.  The  father  was 
a  brick  layer  and  plasterer  by  trade,  and  was 
a  prosperous  man.  They  were  the  parents  of 
the  following  named  children,  William  J.,  Char- 
lotte, deceased,  Sarah,  Emma,  Charles,  de- 
ceased, Hattie,  Ethel,  and  Ella. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  town 
and  followed  his  studies  to  the  age  of  seventeen. 
At  that  time  he  began  to  learn  the  lather's  trade 
and  became  skillful  in  plastering.  He  followed 
these  related  occupations  until  1869,  then  went 
west  to  California.  For  a  time  after  arriving  in 
the  Golden  state  he  was  occupied  in  railroading 
and  then  turned  his  attention  to  mining  until 
1887,  having  in  the  meantime  located  and  sold 
many  valuable  claims.  At  this  time  he  went  to 
San  Diego,  and  followed  his  trade  during  the 
building  boom  there  for  one  vear.  then  came  to 


Tacoma,  Washington,  where  he  wrought  at  his 
trade  for  three  years.  Next  he  was  at  Monto 
Christo  mining  again  where  he  continued  until 
1901,  when  he  came  to  Stevens  county  and  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Hester  Mining  Com- 
pany where  he  remained  for  one  and  one-half 
years.  He  took  a  homestead  at  the  same  time 
and  after  completing  his  services  with  the  last 
mining  company  mentioned  has  given  his  at- 
tention to  his  own  farm  and  mining  claims. 

At  Chicago,  in  1S83,  Mr.  Caplin  married 
Mary  Malott,  a  native  of  New  York.  Politi- 
cally, Mr.  Caplin  is  a  Socialist  and  takes  great 
interest  in  the  principles  of  his  party.  Fr';ter- 
nally  he  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles,  being  a 
charter  member  of  number  one  lodge  of  Seattle. 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Epi'-copal- 
ian  church  and  are  people  who  1  ave  the  esteem 
of  all  who  know  them. 


PETER  TETRO  lives  about  a  mile  east 
of  Blue  Creek  postoffice  where  he  devotes  him- 
self to  farming  and  raising  stock,  having  man- 
ifested a  becoming  thrift  and  industry  in  the 
enterprises  which  he  has  followed.  Peter  Tetro 
was  born  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  on 
November  2,  1853.  His  parents,  Louis  and 
Mary  (Jacqua)  Tetro,  were  natives  of  France 
and  Canada  respectively  and  remained  in  the 
latter  place  until  their  death.  They  were  the 
parents  of  ten  children :  Nelson.  Napoleon, 
Jerry,  Antone,  Eusebe,  Fred,  Peter,  Exelda, 
Delina,  deceased,  and  Madelin.  The  education 
of  our  sublet  was  gained  partially  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  later  in  private  study.  In  1870 
he  left  his  native  land  and  came  to  the  United 
States  and  two  years  later  he  was  crossing  the 
plains  to  the  mining  regions  of  Nevada.  He 
delved  for  the  hidden  treasure  there,  then  in 
California  and  later  in  Mexico  and  Arizona, 
after  which  he  returned  to  California.  In  1883 
he  contracted  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  and  fol- 
lowed various  other  employments  in  British 
Columbia  until  1885  when  he  selected  his  pres- 
ent place  and  settled  down.  He  has  good  build- 
ings a  pleasant  farm  of  one-half  section  and  is  a 
prosperous  and  wealthy  farmer. 

In  1894  Mr.  Tetro  married  Miss  Annie, 
daughter  of  Basil  and  Eva  (Ludwick)  Richfeu, 
natives  of  France  and  Germany,  respectively. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tetro,  three  daughters  have 


398 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


been  born :  Lilly,  jMollie  and  Nellie.  The  fam- 
ily are  adherents  of  the  Catholic  church.  In 
political  matters  and  in  questions  of  local  im- 
port, Mr.  Tetr«  manifests  an  interest  becoming 
a  good  citizen,  and  his  best  judgment  inclines 
him  to  be  enrolled  as  one  of  the  Republican 
party. 


HENRY  E.  COSNER.  Among  the  young 
and  substantial  men  of  Stevens  county,  it  is  our 
pleasure  to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article 
as  a  man  of  excellent  standing,  real  worth  of 
character,  and  influence.  In  Grant  county,  in 
the  far  away  state  of  West  Virginia,  Henry  E. 
Cosner  first  saw  the  light  in  1871.  His  par- 
ents, Daniel  and  Matilda  (Tucker)  Cosner, 
were  natives  of  that  same  state  and  were  the 
parents  of  these  children  :  Joseph,  Fannie.Henry 
E.,  Havlock  P.,  Memphis  A.,  Newton  J.,  Cora 
E.,  Flora  S.,  and  Homer  P.  They  were  prom- 
inent people  there  and  the  mother's  father  was 
one  of  the  wealthiest  farmers  of  the  state.  He 
owned  and  tilled  nearly  three  thousand  acres  of 
land.  At  the  age  of  ninety-six,  in  the  year 
1896,  he  passed  to  the  world  beyond,  full  of 
days  and  honors.  The  primary  education  of 
our  subject  was  attended  to  in  his  native  place, 
but  in  his  eleventh  year  he  was  brought  by  his 
parents  to  Stevens  county  where  he  completed 
his  studies.  In  1892  his  parents  went  to  Nez 
Perces  county,  Idaho  where  they  live  at  the 
present  time.  At  the  age  of  twelve  Henry  be- 
gan his  career  of  labor,  regularly  depositing 
each  month,  his  wages  with  his  father,  oy  whom 
they  were  used  in  the  support  of  the  family. 
This  continued  until  he  was  twenty-one.  then  he 
went  to  do  for  himself,  purchasing  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives,  three  miles  west  of  Chew- 
elah.  He  has  comfortable  buildings  and  mani- 
fests good  wisdom  and  ability  in  handling  his 
estate. 

On  April  9,  1902  Mr.  Cosner  married  Miss 
Ethel  Goss,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Eng- 
land. She  was  born  in  August,  1870.  Before 
her  marriage,  Mrs.  Cosner  was  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful and  leading  teachers  in  her  vicinity.  She 
and  her  husband  are  now  members  of  the  -Meth- 
odist church  and  good  supporters  of  the  faith. 
Politically,  Mr.  Cosner  is  a  stanch  Republican 
and  always  takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  the  day. 


JOSEPH  A.  KOONTZ,  who  now  resides 
four  miles  south  from  Chewelah  and  who  is  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  the  valley, 
blessed  with  good  holdings,  has  manifested  in 
his  labors  in  this  county,  a  tenacity  of  purpose 
and  energy  which  are  quite  rare.  In  1883  he 
selected  the  place  where  he  now  lives  and  thither 
he  brought  his  wife  and  seven  children.  When 
they  finally  arrived  after  the  trying  journey, 
which  was  full  of  hardships,  they  found  them- 
selves on  a  wild  tract  of  land  with  snow  over  a 
foot  deep,  no  human  habitation  within  reach, 
and  night  coming  on.  They  camped  as  best 
they  could.  In  addition  to  all  this,  the  fact  that 
Mr.  Koontz  had  not  a  penny  in  his  pocket  nor 
an  allowance  of  cash  from  any  source  makes  us 
a  picture  that  would  have  discouraged  and  dis- 
heartened the  ordinary  man,  without  doubt.  Mr. 
Koontz  went  to  work  and  he  has  kept  at  it  from 
that  time  to  the  present  and  he  has  the  happy 
faculty  of  dispelling  his  labors  with  a  wisdom 
and  skill  which  makes  them  count  to  the  best 
advantage.  He  now  has  a  nice  band  of  stock, 
well  improved  estate,  and  a  competence  for  the 
days  to  come. 

Joseph  A.  Koontz  was  born  on  June  9, 
1844,  in  Henry  county,  Ohio,  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  (King)  Koontz.  They  re- 
mained in  Ohio  until  the  time  of  the  death  of 
the  father  in  1853.  Four  children  were  born  to 
them :  J.  A.  William,  deceased,  John,  and  Re- 
bekah,  deceased.  Joseph  was  educated  in  the 
district  school  but  on  account  of  his  eyesight 
failing  he  was  unable  to  pursue  his  studies 
farther.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  to 
work  for  wages  and  in  1862  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Portland.  The  following  spring  he 
and  his  brother  opened  a  merchandise  establish- 
ment in  Umatilla  where  they  operated  for 
twelve  years.  The  next  twelve  years  were  de- 
voted to  mining  and  in  1883  he  came  to  Stevens 
county  as  mentioned  above. 

In  1871  ]\Ir. 'Koontz  married  ]\Irs.  Eliza- 
beth Fobb,  the  widow  of  Calvin  Fobb.  She  was 
born  in  Warsaw,  Missouri.  February  29.  1848, 
and  her  parents  were  natives  of  Kentucky.  The 
father  died  in  1850  and  the  mother  moved  to 
Colorado  in  1853,  where  she  now  lives.  Mr. 
Koontz  is  a  Democrat  and  holds  the  offices  of 
road  supervisor,  constable  and  school  director. 

To  Mr.  Koontz  and  his  wife  the  following 
children  have  been  born:  William  H.,  Hattie, 
and  flattie.    The  last  two  are  deceased. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


399 


PETER  HALEY,  who  resides  about  six 
miles  south  from  Colx'ille,  is  one  of  the  sturdy 
pioneers  who  opened  this  western  country  for 
the  ingress  of  civihzation.  He  is  now  quietly 
passing  the  golden  j-ears  of  his  life  on  his  es- 
tate, where  he  devotes  himself  to  general  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising.  He  has  won  the  esteem 
and  good  will  of  all  who  know  him  in  this 
county  and  so  successfully  has  he  manipulated 
the  resources  of  the  country  that  he  is  comfort- 
ably fixed  financially,  and,  in  addition,  is  one 
of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county. 

Peter  Haley  was  born  in  historic  Killarney, 
county  Kerry,  Ireland,  the  date  being  June, 
1833.  His  parents,  Donald  and  Catherine 
(Merl)  Haley,  were  of  old  Irish  stock  and  were 
foremost  citizens  of  their  section.  The  father 
was  engaged  in  transporting  merchandise  from 
Cork  to  Killarney.  When  our  subject  was  a 
very  small  child,  his  father  died,  whereupon  the 
mother  with  her  children  came  to  the  United 
States.  They  landed  in  New  York,  but  soon 
made  their  way  to  South  Weymouth,  Massachu- 
setts, where  Peter  attended  school  until  he  was 
eleven.  At  that  age  he  stepped  forth  to  assume 
the  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  He  fol- 
lowed stage  driving  in  northern  Massachusetts 
for  some  time  and  when  fourteen  accompanied 
his  uncle  across  the  plains  to  Oregon.  For  two 
years  his  lot  was  cast  with  this  uncle  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  and  then  he  took  up  steam- 
boating  on  the  rivers.  Later  he  farmed  in  the 
Web-Foot  State  and  then  journeyed  to  Walla 
Walla.  At  the  time  Governor  Stevens  was  cor- 
raled  by  Indians  and  called  for  \-olunteers  to 
carry  a  dispatch  to  the  soldiers  at  The  Dalles, 
Peter  Haley  was  the  first  man  to  ofl:er  his  ser- 
vices. He  started  on  the  perilous  journey,  as- 
sured of  the  danger  that  awaited  him,  but  de- 
termined to  reach  the  soldiers  or  lose  his  life 
in  trying  to  assist  his  fellows.  He  traveled  as 
fast  as  horse  flesh  could  carry  him  and  when 
his  steed  finally  fell  dead  beneath  him,  he  made 
the  balance  of  the  way  on  foot.  So  completely 
exhausted  was  he  when  he  arrived  with  his  call 
for  help  to  relieve  the  Governor  and  his  people, 
that  he  was  unable  to  travel.  For  trirty  days, 
the  physicians  nursed  him  back  to  strength 
sufficient  to  travel  to  Portland,  where  for  three 
months  he  was  under  the  care  of  medical  men. 
After  spending  some  time  in  Portland,  he  re- 
turned in  1868  to  W^alla  Walla. 


WTLLIAM  BOYD.  It  is  very  interesting 
to  note  in  the  case  of  such  men  as  Air.  Boyd,  the 
labors  performed  and  the  trying  questions  met 
and  solved  in  opening  up  this  fertile  valley  of 
the  Colville  for  the  ingress  of  civilization.  As 
an  instance  of  what  is  required  of  the  pioneer 
farmer,  when  Mr.  Boyd  first  came  here,  he 
threshed  se\en  hunilred  bushels  of  grain  with  a 
flail.  Such  marked  labor  as  that  indicates  be- 
yond doulit  the  energy  and  stamina  of  the  man 
of  whom  we  speak.  But  such  was  only  one  of 
many  trying  things  to  be  accomplished,  and 
suftice  it  to  say  that  in  everything  which  pre- 
sented itself  to  be  done  or  solved,  Mr.  Boyd 
ne\er  failed  to  find  a  way.  Then  again  we 
notice  that  the  pioneers  who  stand  so  badly  in 
need  of  the  various  appliances  for  farming  are 
obliged  to  pay  a  double  price  for  everything, 
and  Mr.  Boyd  well  remembers  that  his  first 
farm  wagon  cost  him  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars.  Provisions  were  also  very  high. 
Sugar  cost  him  twenty-five  cents  a  pound,  and 
other  things  in  proportion.  All  these  things 
but  brought  forth  in  our  subject  the  correspond- 
ing increase  of  energy  to  overcome  and  ac- 
complish as  he  had  ]3lanned.  Dame  Fortune 
could  not  resist  such  wooing  as  tiiat  and  the  re- 
sult is  as.it  should  be,  that  Mr.  Boyd  is  to-day, 
one  of  the  leading  and  prosperous  men  of 
northern  Washington.  Reverting  more  par- 
ticularly to  a  detailed  account  of  his  career  we 
note  first  that  Mr.  Boyd  was  born  in  Granville 
county,  Canada,  on  March  16,  1846,  the  son 
of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Maloney)  Boyd,  natives 
of  Ireland.  The  fact  that  his  parents  came 
from  the  Emerald  Isle,  opens  to  us  the  secret  of 
Mr.  Boyd's  energy  and  capability.  They  came 
to  Ameroca  when  young  and  located  in  Canada 
where  they  remained  for  fifty-five  years;  they 
went  into  the  wild  forest  and  with  their  own 
hands  built  a  home,  cleared  a  farm  and  became 
wealthy.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our 
subject  was  a  great  sportsman  and  owned  many 
fine  horses  and  dogs  in  Ireland.  The  humble 
little  frontier  home  in  Canada  that  afterwards 
became  the  headquarters  of  a  prosperous 
farmer,  was  the  birthplace  of  seven  children,  in- 
cluding our  sul)ject :  Mary,  Ellen,  Sarah, 
Thomas,  Tamer,  Joseph  and  William.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
place  and  continued  faithfully  and  industriously 
assisting  his  parents  until  he  had  reached  the 


400 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


age  of  twenty-eight;  then  he  came  west  to 
Colorado  and  afterwards  mined  in  Nevada, 
Idaho,  Arizona,  New  Mexico  and  Cahfornia. 
He  returned  again  to  Arizona  and  in  1878  came 
to  Stevens  county.  He  first  selected  a  farm 
near  Spukane  but  sold  that  and  came  to  his 
residence  four  miles  south  of  Chewelah  where 
he  has  remained  ever  since.  Like  his  father 
in  Canada,  he  took  hold  with  his  hands,  staked 
out  the  wild  farm,  fenced  it,  built  a  cabin  and 
began  bringing  it  under  tribute  to  crops.  He 
now  has  two  hundred  acres,  nearly  all  under 
cultivation,  and  about  seventy-five  cattle. 

In  November,  1885,  Mr.  Boyd  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Wade,  whose  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Illinois,  she,  herself,  being  born  in  Cass 
county  of  that  state  in  1853.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union  :  John,  William  J., 
Thomas,  and  Theodore,  all  with  their  parents. 
Mr.  Boyd  is  a  good,  active  Republican  and  a 
man  of  substantial  quality  and  worth ;  he  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
church. 


GEORGE  A.  MOWATT,  who  resides 
about  two  miles  west  from  Chewelah  where  he 
devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  stock 
raising,  is  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  Col- 
ville  valley,  his  father  being  among  the  very 
first  pioneers  of  this  section.  Buffalo,  New 
York  is  the  birthplace  of  our  subject  and  June 
16,  1 86 1  is  the  date  of  that  important  event  in 
his  life.  He  is  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Clara 
(Palmer)  IMowatt,  natives  of  Scotland  and 
Canada,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
America  when  a  boy  and  for  six  years  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  traveled  all  over  the  north- 
west. When  he  first  came  to  Buffalo,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note,  that  he  bought  a  tract  of  one 
hundred  acres,  which  now  lies  in  the  heart  of 
the  city,  for  one  hundred  dollars.  But  it  is 
more  surprising  to  learn  that  he  sold  the  same 
for  eighty  dollars,  thus  manifesting  a  deprecia- 
tion of  real  estate.  This  was  about  1831.  The 
father  came  early  to  Stevens  county  and  re- 
mained liere  until  his  death  on  February  28, 
1893.  The  great-great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  king  of  the  Orkeney  Islands.  The 
early  education  of  our  subject  was  rather  brief, 
but  careful  occupation  has  made  him  a 
well    informed    man    since.       At    the    tender 


age  of  nine  years  he  began  to  work  on 
the  farm  for  himself,  continuing  for  three  years. 
In  1S69  he  landed  in  the  Colville  valley  and  in 
18/ 2  took  up  land.  He  now  has  nearly  a  half 
section  which  is  \ery  productive  land  as  his 
crop  last  year  amounted  to  one  thousand  bushels 
of  grain,  one  hundred  and  sixty  tons  of  hay, 
seventy-five  bushels  of  timothy  seed  as  well  as 
other  productions.  In  addition  to  general  farm- 
ing Mr.  JMowatt  raises  considerable  stock. 

On  May  16,  1884,  ]Mr.  Mowatt  married 
Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of  Norbert  and  Betsy 
(AlcCIoud)  Dupuis.  iNIrs.  Xowatt  is  a  native 
of  the  Colville  valley  and  was  born  in  Chewelah, 
on  April  22,  1870.  Six  children  have  been  born 
to  this  household :  Ivy,  George,  }tlyrtle,  Peter, 
Andrew  and  Ralph,  all  at  home  with  their  par- 
ents. Mr.  and  Mrs.  ^lowatt  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church,  while  he  belongs  to  the  M. 
W.  A.  Politically  he  is  allied  to  the  Democratic 
party. 


GEORGE  F.  CARROLL  lives  thirteen 
miles  east  from  Orient,  where  he  has  a  fine 
homestead,  to  the  improvement  and  cultivation 
of  which,  together  with  blacksmithing,  he  de- 
votes himself.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing, 
has  achieved  good  success  in  his  labors  and  re- 
ceives, as  he  is  entitled  to,  the  esteem  and  respect 
of  all  who  know  him. 

George  F.  Carroll  was  born  in  Terre  Haute, 
Indiana,  on  January  22,  1863,  the  son  of  Pat- 
rick and  ]\Iargaret  (Irbin)  Carroll,  natives  of 
the  Emerald  Isle.  They  came  to  America  when 
young,  locating  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  they 
lived  for  thirteen  years.  Then  they  removed  to 
Terre  Haute,  remaining  in  that  place  until  their 
death.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  following 
named  boys:  Thomas  P.,  James,  George,  de- 
ceased, William,  George  F.  and  John.  George  F. 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  tlie 
age  of  fifteen  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  black- 
smithing.  Realizing  the  need  of  better  forti- 
fication along  educational  lines,  he  studied  and 
attended  night  college  for  five  years,  receiving  a 
well-earned  diploma  at  the  end  of  that  time. 
When  he  arrived  at  man's  estate,  he  left  the 
home  roof  and  came  west  to  Kansas,  residing 
in  that  state  three  years.  At  that  time  he  re- 
turned to  Indiana,  where  he  was  married  and 
then  came  west  to  Tacoma.  Four  years  were 
spent  in  that  city,  when  he  was  called  home  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


401 


the  death  of  his  fatlier.  He  remained  there  for 
two  years  and  then  came  to  Spokane,  arri\ing 
in  that  city  in  1893.  He  wrought  at  his  trade 
for  a  time  and  then  went  to  ^Missoula,  Montana, 
thence  to  Hamilton,  later  to  Anaconda,  finally 
returning  to  Spokane,  having  done  blacksmith- 
ing  all  the  time  he  was  absent.  In  1898,  Mr. 
Carroll  landed  in  Bossburg,  and  for  four  years 
operated  a  shop  there.  Then  he  took  his  pres- 
ent homestead  and  since  then  has  devoted  him- 
self as  stated  above.  He  has  a  good  band  of 
stock  and  is  prospered  well. 

In  1886,  Mr.  Carroll  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Even  and  Catherine  (Davis) 
Jones,  natives  of  Wales.  Mrs.  Carroll  is  one  of 
nine  children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carroll,  there 
have  been  born  five  children,  William,  Joseph, 
Charley,  George,  and  Hanna.  Mr.  Carroll  is 
a  liberal  independent  in  political  matters  and 
does  his  own  thinking.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  K.  of  P. 


SAMUEL  STONE  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers  of  Stevens  county  located  about  ten 
miles  north  from  Marcus,  where  he  has  a  fine 
estate  of  four  hundred  acres,  one  hundred  and 
forty  of  which  are  under  cultivation.  He  has 
wrought  faithfully  here  for  more  than  a  decade 
and  deserves  mention  among  the  leading  citi- 
zens of  the  valley. 

Samuel  Stone  was  born  in  Centre  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  November  5,  1849,  the  son  of 
WilHam  and  Elizabeth  (Bowes)  Stone,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  were  the  parents  of 
seven  children.  The  father  was  manager  of 
the  Kerton  iron  w'orks  and  upon  the  outbreak  of 
the  Rebellion  enlisted  in  the  Forty-fifth  Penn- 
sylvania and  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Antie- 
tam.  The  mother  remained  on  the  homestead 
until  her  death.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  state  and  when  fifteen 
enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Company  H,  and 
served  seventeen  months  until  the  war  closed. 
He  fought  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Cold  Harbor,  Spottsylvania,  North  Ann,  Poe 
River,  Deep  Bottom  and  other  smaller  ones. 
He  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  the  southern 
troops  under  Lee  and  also  participated  in  the 
grand  review  in  Washington.  He  was  finally 
mustered  out  on  July  9,  1865,  and  returned  to 
the  duties  of  private  life.     In  1873,  Mr.  Stone 


was  handling  an  eight  mule  freight  team  into 
the  Black  Hills  and  followed  it  until  1879, 
when  he  journeyed  to  Texas,  whence  in  1890, 
he  came  to  Stevens  county.  For  two  years  he 
prospected  and  then  selected  his  present  estate 
and  secured  title  partly  by  government  rights 
and  partly  by  purchase.  Since  that  time  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  is  prosperous  and  well  to  do. 

In  1892,  Mr.  Stone  married  Miss  Julia  A. 
Paul.  They  settled  on  their  farm  and'  have 
since  shown  themselves  to  be  substantial  and 
respected  citizens.  To  them,  three  children  have 
been  born,  two  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows : 
Albert  and  Herman.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stone  are 
devout  members  of  the  Catholic  church  and  are 
stanch  supporters  of  their  faith.  Mr.  Stone  is 
an  active  Republican  and  manifests  a  keen  in- 
terest in  political  affairs. 


WILLIA.M  P.  DRUGAN  is  one  of  the  men 
who  have  given  their  labors  wisely  to  develop 
the  Col vi lie  valley  and  the  showing  he  has  made 
is  a  credit  to  himself  as  well  as  a  benefit  to  the 
community.  His  estate  is  located  five  miles 
west  from  Chewelah  and  consists  of  a  good 
farm  well  improved  and  of  a  large  marble 
quarry.  The  quarry  is  owned  by  the  Washing- 
ington  Marble  Company  and  Mr.  Drugan  also 
also  owns  another  quarry,  and  it  produces  some 
of  the  finest  stone  yet  uncovered.  Mr.  Drugan 
devotes  much  of  his  time  to  the  labors  incident 
to  the  development  of  the  quarry  as  well  as  to 
genei-al  mining,  having  some  excellent  marble 
and  iron  claims.  His  farm  is  located  with  beau- 
tiful suroundings  and  among  other  attractions 
has  a  fine  lake  known  as  Brown's  lake. 

William  P.  Drugan  was  born  in  Roxbury, 
Massachusetts,  September  13,  1846,  the  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Mcguire)  Drugan,  natives 
of  Ireland.  They  came  to  Massachusetts  in 
1844,  and  remained  until  their  death,  the  father 
dying  in  1861,  and  the  mother  in  1897.  The 
ancestors  of  our  subject  were  titled  land  owners 
in  Ireland  and  people  of  prominence.  Mr.  Dru- 
gan has  one  sister  and  one  brother,  John  and 
Mary.  In  the  schools  of  Boston,  William  re- 
ceived his  education  and  when  thirteen,  shipped 
on  board  a  merchantman  and  for  seven  years 
labored  before  the  mast.  In  1876,  he  ceased  this 
career  and  gave  his  attention  to  farming,  set- 
tling in  Iowa.    In  1886,  he  went  to  Dakota  and 


402 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  1889  removed  to  \\'ashington.  After  a 
year's  stay  in  Spokane,  he  canie  on  to  Stevens 
county  and  located  a  pre-emption  where  he  now 
lives.  In  1S95  he  bought  another  quarter  sec- 
tion. In  1892  Mr.  Drugan  began  to  locate 
marble  land  and  he  has  a  very  excellent  show- 
ing. He  has  made  a  study  of  the  business  and 
is  quite  expert  in  developing  and  preparing  the 
products  of  the  quarry.  Mr.  Drugan  is  a  very 
active,  enterprising  citizeji  and  in  political  mat- 


ters is  allied  with  the  Republican  party.  In  re- 
ligious persuasion,  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  church. 

It  is  interesting  in  connection  with  Mr.  Dru- 
gan's  history  to  note  that  the  estates  owned  by 
his  grandparents  were  confiscated  by  England, 
and  then  given  to  British  army  officers.  Mr. 
Drugan's  cousins  have  been  paying  rent  for  it, 
but  now  will  soon  have  title  again. 


PART  III. 


HISTORY  OF  FERRY  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


EARLY  HISTORY  AND  ORGANIZATION. 


Ferry  county,  of  which  Repubhc  is  the  capi- 
tal, was  set  off  from  Stevens  county,  the  mother 
of  so  many  pohtical  divisions  in  eastern  Wash- 
ington, in  1899.  Immediately  thereafter  it  was 
organized.  Its  area  is  2,313  square  miles,  its 
territory  extending  from  the  international 
boundary  line,  on  the  north,  to  the  Columbia 
river  on  the  south,  and  from  the  Columbia  and 
Kettle  rivers  on  the  east,  to  Okanogan  county 
on  the  west.  The  United  States  census  of  1900 
gave  Ferry  county  a  population  of  4,  562,  but 
the  past  three  years  have  increased  this  number 
to  4,646. 

But  the  history  of  the  territory  now  com- 
prising Ferry  county  antedates  its  organiza- 
tion by  a  number  of  years.  And  this  history 
centers  in  the  county  seat.  Republic.  Long  be- 
fore the  amputation  of  its  territory  from  Stev- 
ens county,  from  the  Okanogan,  from  Kettle 
Valley,  from  the  Sans  Foil,  from  the  Columbia 
river,  over  the  high  mountain  passes,  trails  con- 
verged and  finally  met  at  almost  the  identical 
spot  where  the  business  portion  of  Republic 
Camp  now  stands. 

John  Welty  was  the  first  white  man  in  Re- 
public, and  is  said  to  have  made  the  first  min- 
eral location.  This  was  the  "Black  Tail,"  and 
was  made  February  20,  1896,  shortly  before 
the  opening  of  the  north  half  of  the  reservation 


to  mineral  entry,  which  was  on  February  21, 
and  four  years  before  the  north  half  of  the  Col- 
ville  Indian  reservation  was  thrown  open  to 
homesteaders.  Welty  passed  the  winter  with 
one  O'Brien,  a  squatter,  and  when  the  United 
States  government  threw  open  the  north  half — 
even  before  that — he  was  in  a  position  to  avail 
himself  of  the  earliest  possibilities,  which,  it  ap- 
pears he  did  rather  precociously.  February 
24,  G.  M.  Welty,  of  Colville,  a  brother  of 
John  Welty,  came  to  the  future  camp  and  lo- 
cated the  "Ouilp,"  and  other  claims.  Speaking 
of  the  dismal  experiences  of  this  winter  JNIr.  G. 
M.  Welty  says : 

"It  was  bitter  cold ;  in  fact  we  were  nearly 
frozen  to  death.  I  was  about  to  locate  the  'Ad- 
miral' property,  and  had  it  partially  staked 
when  the  weather  turned  so  cold  that  I  was 
obliged  to  quit  operations  and  leave.  When  I 
returned  some  one  else  had  possession  of  the 
claim.  On  March  5  or  6  Ton  Ryan  put  up 
the  location  notice  on  the  Republic  mine.  Phil 
Creaser,  his  partner,  was  in  Rossland  at  the 
time  having  some  assays  made.  So  extremely 
cold  was  the  weather  at  this  period  that  Ryan 
came  perilously  near  freezing  to  death.  Those 
of  us  who  were  here  at  that  time  had  a  rough 
experience.  The  thermometer  registered  about 
twentv  degrees  below  zero  for  manv  davs.  The 


404 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


rest  of  the  boys  had  some  locations  to  record, 
so  they  conchided  to  go  out.  I  decided  to  stay 
with  the  camp.  At  that  period  I  was  the  only 
man  remaining." 

The  white  man's  history  of  Ferry  county 
dates  from  February  21,  1896,  when  the  north 
half  of  the  Colville  Indian  reservation  (of  which 
the  north  half  of  Ferry  county  was  a  part)  was 
thrown  open  to  mineral  entry.  To  M.  H. 
Joseph,  of  Republic,  a  well  known  writer  on 
mining  matters,  we  are  indebted  for  information 
in  regard  to  the  early  settlement  of  the  county. 

The  2ist  of  February,  the  date  on  which 
the  north  half  of  the  Colville  Indian  reserva- 
tion was  declared  open  for  the  entry  of  its 
mineral  lands,  the  state  of  Washington  was 
destined  to  present  to  the  world  a  new  mining 
district  which,  through  its  peculiar  mineralogi- 
cal  conditions  and  rich  developments,  would 
command  attention  from  every  quarter.  It  is 
snugly  situated  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
Ferry  county,  amidst  timber  and  grass-covered 
hills,  which  are  divided  by  small  valleys  and 
winding  streams,  with  excellent  grazing  and 
agricultural  lands  in  every  direction.  No  min- 
ing region  is  more  favored  by  natural  facilities 
for  prospecting,  or  offers  greater  inducements 
for  invesment  of  capital. 

The  day  following  the  opening  Thomas 
Ryan  and  Philip  Creaser,  who  had  prospected 
through  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  British  Columbia 
and  A\'ashington,  were  grub-staked  by  James 
Clark  and  Charles  P.  Robbins,  to  prospect  in 
the  reservation.  Ryan  had  heard  of  a  rich 
ledge  on  La  Fleur  mountain,  and  thither  the 
I)rospectors  wended  their  way  only  to 
learn  upon  reaching  the  locality  the  dishearten- 
ing truth  that  this  coveted  prize  had  already 
been  secured  by  others.  At  Nelson  they  en- 
countered Alan  Blackburn  and  John  and 
George  Welty,  who  had  made  some  locations 
on  Eureka  creek,  a  small  tributary  of  the  Sans 
Poil  river,  the  very  day  the  north  half  of  the 
reservation  was  thrown  open.  The  Weltys 
were  returning  from  Nelson  to  their  camp  with 


a  spring  wagon  loaded  with  prospecting  sup- 
plies for  the  Black  Tail  mine,  the  first  bona  fide 
location  on  the  creek,  of  which  John  Welty  was 
the  locator.  Ryan  and  Creaser  w-ere  striking 
westward  to  where  they  had  heard  there  was 
placer  ground,  but  the  Weltys,  knowing  of 
some  big  quartz  ledges  near  the  Black  Tail,  in- 
duced the  former  to  join  them. 

Ryan  and  Creaser  camped  on  the  night  of 
February  26  at  Tonascet's  ranch,  on  the  Sans 
Poil  river.  The  surrounding  country  was  a 
veritable  prospector's  paradise,  with  an  abund- 
ance of  water  and  timber,  the  finest  grazing 
lands  imaginable  and  game  of  all  kinds  on  wing 
and  afoot.  The  quartz  ledges,  too,  were  con- 
spicuous by  their  bold  croppings.  The  day 
after  their  arrival  they  trailed  up  Granite 
creek,  another  branch  of  the  Sans  Poil  river, 
and  industriously  began  prospecting.  The  Sans 
Poil  and  Last  Lode  claims  had  been  taken  up, 
in  addition  to  the  Black  Tail,  and  Ryan  and 
Creaser  located  the  Copper  Bell.  Iron  Mask, 
Lone  Pine  and  Last  Chance.  The  Trail  and 
Tenderfoot  were  taken  up  and  the  \^'eltys  se- 
cured the  Micawber.  It  was  not  until  the  5th  of 
March  that  the  Republic  and  Jim  Blaine  claims 
were  located  by  Ryan  and  Creaser,  \\ho,  when 
setting  up  the  discovery  stake  on  the  former, 
little  dreamed  of  the  magificence  of  the  prize 
they  were  securing.  A  few  days  later  Creaser 
returned  to  Rossland,  taking  with  him  samples 
of  quartz  from  all  of  the  different  claims  he 
and  Ryan  had  located,  but  the  highest  assay 
value  obtained  was  $2.06  in  gold  per  ton.  Yet, 
believing  that  where  there  was  gold  it  was  pos- 
sible to  find  pay  shoots,  Creaser  returned  to  the 
camp  with  fresh  supplies  on  the  22d  of  March 
and  began  prospecting  on  the  Iron  Mask  claim. 
This  resulted  in  finding  nothing  of  higher  value 
than  $4  per  ton.  He  drove  a  small  open  cut 
on  the  Lone  Pine  croppings  and  secured  a 
sample  that  assayed  $36.17  per  ton. 

Early  in  April  Ryan  and  Creaser  parted 
company,  the  former  to  prospect  in  Okanogan 
countv,  and  the  latter  on  O'Brien  and  Rabbit 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


405 


creeks,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  camp.  Creaser 
returned  in  June  and  worked  alone  from  that 
time  until  the  following  March,  driving  a  tun- 
nel to  crosscut  the  Lone  Pine  lode.  The  work 
developed  a  vein  fifteen  feet  in  width,  and  sam- 
ples from  it  ran  as  high  as  $72,  while  assays 
were  had  from  the  croppings  running  over  $300 
per  ton.  Since  that  over  three  thousand  claims 
have  been  located  in  this  district.  Up  to  1900 
there  had  been  about  12,500  locations  recorded 
in  Ferry  county,  of  which  a  great  number  were 
amended  locations.  Near  the  latter  part  of 
October,  1896,  Creaser  went  to  Rossland 
and  sold  a  one-eighth  interest  in  the  Republic 
and  Jim  Blaine  caims  to  Dennis  Clark,  retain- 
ing a  like  interest  himself.  In  the  following 
December  Dennis  Clark  came  to  the  new  camp 
and  met  Thomas  Ryan,  one  of  the  discoverers 
of  the  Republic  mine.  An  open  cut  had  been 
dug  across  the  croppings  on  this  property  and 
they  immediately  went  to  work  and  took  up  two 
feet  of  the  bottom  of  it,  gaining  a  depth  of 
eight  feet  on  the  ledge  with  unexpected  rich 
results. 

In  March,  1897,  the  Republic  Gold  Mining 
&  Milling  Company  was  organized,  and  active 
work  was  begun  on  the  property.  Charles  P. 
Robbins,  one  of  the  grub-stakers  of  Ryan  and 
Creaser,  was  the  first  president  of  the  company 
and  managed  its  affairs  with  economy  and  good 
judgment.  In  the  meantime  Patrick,  the  elder 
of  the  Clark  brothers,  bought  the  first  of  the 
50,000  shares  of  treasury  stock  that  was  offered 
for  sale.  He  had  won  his  way  up  from  a  com- 
mon miner  by  natural  shrewdness,  business  tact 
and  good  judgment.  As  a  successful  mine 
operator  he  had  become  famous  in  the  Coeur  d' 
Alenes,  and  British  Columbia,  and  was  the 
leading  spirit  in  the  affairs  of  the  War  Eagle 
Company,  at  Rossland,  B.  C.  At  the  first  an- 
nual election  of  the  Republic  Gold  Mining  & 
Milling  Company  he  succeeded  Mr.  Robbins  as 
president,  and  from  that  day  dated  the  indus- 
trial growth  of  Republic  Camp. 

News  of  a  rich  strike  on  the  Lone  Pine 


claim  had  been  heralded  abroad,  and  on  April 
18,  1896,  there  were  sixty- four  men  in  the 
camp.  On  that  day  a  meeting  of  twenty-four 
miners  assembled  at  a  spot  where  the  Okanogan 
mail  trail  crosses  Eureka  creek,  and  organized 
a  mining  district,  named  it  Eureka  and  a  num- 
ber of  claims  were  recorded. 

The  summer  of  1898  was  marked  by  a  flood 
of  gigantic  proportions  and  disastrous  results. 
It  occurred  in  the  latter  part  of  May  and  the 
early  days  of  June.  During  the  whole  of  one 
week  the  Columbia  river  was  a  raging,  seeth- 
ing torrent ;  the  Kettle  river  was  far  out  of  its 
banks,  and  the  two  streams  carried  ruin  and 
desolation  to  the  surrounding  country.  Tribu- 
tary streams  were  similarly  affected  with  the 
result,  general  wreckage  of  bridges  and  ferries. 
Stage  travel  was  interrupted;  for  three  days 
mail  service  was  completely  abolished.  At  Cur- 
lew the  ferry  went  out  and  many  freighting 
teams  were  delayed.  The  new  bridge  at  Hall's 
(across  the  Kettle  river  between  what  is  now 
Ferry  and  Stevens  counties)  was  carried  down 
the  foaming,  swollen  stream.  A  chrashing, 
thunderous  land-slide  occurred  at  "Rock  Cut." 
The  cause  of  this  untoward  event,  involving 
immense  cost  to  a  number  of  counties  and  many 
individuals,  was  recent  warm  rains  which  hast- 
ily melted  the  vast  bodies  of  snow  in  the  moun- 
tains, thus  suddenly  swelling  the  rivers  and 
tributary  streams.  No  serious  casualties  to  hu- 
man beings  were  reported  from  this  flood,  but 
thre  were  a  number  of  narrow  escapes.  Among 
those  who  passed  through  sensational  experi- 
ences was  A.  W.  Srong,  of  the  Republic  Bank. 
His  story  is  well  told  in  the  Republic  Pioneer 
of  June  4 : 

Mr.  Strong  was  on  his  way,  Saturday,  May  28, 
from  Marcus  to  Republic.  The  coach  was  filled,  and 
among  the  passengers  were  two  or  three  ladies.  The 
rain  fell  in  torrents ;  the  roads  were  in  bad  condition, 
and  travel  was  slow  and  disagreeable.  In  many  places 
the  banks  had  been  cut  away,  and  at  times  it  looked  as 
though  the  coach  would  go  down  into  the  river.  Every- 
body felt  nervous  and  fearful  of  disaster.  When  "Rock 
Cut"  was  reached  it  was  found  that  a  great  slide  had 


4o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


occurred.  To  get  the  coach  over  these  treacherous  and 
dangerous  places  required  extraordinary  skill  on  the 
part  of  the  driver,  combined  with  the  assistance  of  the 
able-bodied  passengers.  Mr.  Strong  at  times  stood  on 
the  brake-block  to  help  balance  the  tottering  vehicle.  It 
was 'a  hair's  space  between  keeping  the  narrow,  muddy 
passage  and  being  dashed  down  the  steep  bank  into  the 
mad  waters  below. 

At  last  it  was  found  necessary  to  abandon  the  coach 
and  start  on  foot.  The  mud  was  knee-deep,  the  rain 
was  falling,  darkness  was  Egyptian,  and  the  danger  of 
getting  into  deep  water  was  continuous.  It  was  a  test 
of  strength,  patience  and  endurance  to  make  headway 
under  such  frightful  conditions.  The  men  helped  the 
women  as  well  as  they  could,  and  all  pushed  forward  as 
fast  as  possible.  At  a  very  late  hour  Grand  Forks  was 
reached.  Some  went  to  bed ;  others  kept  close  to  the  bar, 
giving  thanks  between  drinks  that  they  were  on  the 
earth,  wet  as  it  was.  Mr.  Strong  was  anxious  to  reach 
home.  He  did  not  propose  to  be  "hung  up"  in  Grand 
Forks;  so  he  made  arrangements  to  come  on  by  private 
conveyance.  This  trip  was  full  of  adventure.  Several 
times  fresh  horses  had  to  be  procured.  With  Mr.  Strong 
was  George  Walsh,  brother  of  P.  H.  Walsh.  It  was 
the  brother's  first  trip  to  the  west,  and  a  sensational 
one  it  proved  to  be.  It  was  a  lively  introduction  to 
the  land  of  big  ledges.  But  he  stood  it  manfully  and 
Strong  and  he  pushed  on  together.  Their  trip  in  a 
canoe  across  Kettle  river  was  a  hair-raising  one.  The 
boat  shot  from  shore  to  shore  as  if  fired  from  the  mouth 
of  a  siege  gun.  In  order  to  gain  headway  it  was  neces- 
sary, at  times,  to  make  long  detours ;  low  grounds  cov- 
ered with  water  had  to  be  crossed  or  avoided,  and  steep 
hills  scrambled  over.  All  day  Sunday,  and  late  in  the 
evening  was  the  journey  continued.  It  was  rough  on 
the  beasts  as  well  as  on  the  men.  When  within  two 
miles  of  town  the  animals  gave  out  and  the  remainder 
of  the  journey  was  made  on  foot. 

"It  w-as  the  most  fearful  ordeal  I  ever  passed 
through,"  said  Mr.  Strong,  in  relating  his  experiences. 
"I  have  been  thirty  years  in  the  west,  and  traveled  from 
Mexico  to  the  British  possessions,  and  have  had  some 
lively  experiences,  but  this  last  trip  vv-as  the  most  tor- 
tuous and  attended  with  more  dangerous  and  threatening 
episodes  than  any  I  have  ever  before  undertaken." 

Tlie  first  rumors  concerning  the  opening  of 
the  south  half  of  the  Colville  Indian  reservation 
to  mineral  location  proved  to  be  without  foun- 
dation, and  like  Dead  Sea  apples,  turned  to 
ashes  at  the  lips.  This  false  report  came  on 
June  8,  1898.  To  this  expected  opening  a 
large  class  of  people,  of  various  pursuits  and 
ambitions,  were  looking  with  no  little  anxiety. 
It   had   been    stateil    that    the   official    opening 


would  transpire  at  12  o'clock,  a.  m.,  of  that 
date.  Alidnight  came  and  passed ;  the  morning 
hours  wore  away  into  the  russet  streaks  of  day- 
light, but  the  official  order  for  the  ardently  an- 
ticipated opening  did  not  arrive.  Then  enthusi- 
astic expectancy  sank  to  pessimistic  depression. 
No  one  appeared  to  know  of  any  other  date 
when  it  would  be  legal  to  locate  mineral  claims 
on  this  promised  land.  ^^leantime  the  region 
contained  two  thousand  or  more  men  who  had 
either  "spotted"  ground,  or  were  seeking  loca- 
tions. A  few  had  settled  down  on  quartz 
boulders  and  made  no  physical  exertion  other- 
wise than  to  change  location  notices  daily.  At 
times  they  w-ould  pause  and  give  tongue  to 
hoarse,  but  emphatic,  curses  of  the  Washing- 
ton authorities  for  not  passing  the  bill  and  its 
numerous  and  varied  riders. 

But  these  harrowing  scenes  incident  to  hope 
delayed  which  maketh  the  heart  sick,  became 
a  closed  incident  Thursday,  June  30,  1898.  On 
that  date  the  south  half  of  the  Colville  Indian 
reservation,  which  had  been  set  aside  for  the 
wards  of  the  nation  during  the  administration 
of  President  Grant,  was  thrown  open  to  mineral 
entry.  Then  ensued  the  stampede.  The  story 
of  the  rush  is  graphically  told,  with  considerable 
local  color,  by  the  Republic  Pioneer. 

j         "The   south   half   has   been   thrown   open   to   mineral 
j   entry!" 

That  was  the  telephone  message  received  in  Re- 
public Thursday  night.  The  report  had  reached  five 
j  hundred  ears  within  five  minutes,  and  there  was  the 
I  greatest  commotion  possible  in  every  quarter.  Men  al- 
ready on  their  feet  made  a  bee  line  to  awaken  their  part- 
I  ners  who  might  be  in  bed,  or  rushed  off  to  get  pack  and 
I  saddle  horses.  Livery  stables  and  horse  corrals  were 
I  instantly  besieged  by  men  in  an  excited  condition.  It 
1  mattered  not  what  cort  of  a  cayuse  was  offered ;  it  was 
j  plenty  good  for  the  emergency.  Those  having  animals 
I  out  at  pasture  were  not  slow  in  rounding  them  up  and 
'   hurrying  them  to  camp.    Store-keepers  were  called  upon 

for  outfits  and  some  did  a  lively  business  for  awhile. 
I  The  long  expected  time  had  arrived  after  weeks  of 

I   patient  waiting,  and   everybody  was  anxious  to  get  to 
!   the  "South  Half,"   the  land  of  mineral  promise.     The 
process  of  getting  ready  was  by  no  means  slow.     The 
!   quickest    kind    of    pasking    was    practiced,    so    by    two 
o'clock  a.  ni.,  just  as  gray  dawn  was  creeping  over  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


407 


eastern  hills,  at  least  sixty  men  had  mounted  and  de- 
parted southward,  leaving  a  trial  of  dust  behind'  them. 
Youth  and  old  age  were  in  the  race ;  prospector  and 
novice  were  pushing  forward.  All  night  the  hegira 
continued.  The  sound  of  horses'  feet  and  the  loud 
voices  of  the  riders  kept  many  drowsy  people  awake, 
and  curiosity  brought  not  a  few  to  the  street  and  a  real- 
izing sense  that  something  unusual  was  in  the  air.  Old 
"gin  pigs,"  asleep  in  chairs,  staggered  up  and  feebly  at- 
tempted to  gain  some  idea  of  the  situation ;  night  hawks, 
those  birds  of  prey,  were  around  and  got  many  a  dram 
from  departing  citizens.  All  day  Friday  the  exodus 
continued.  They  came  from  the  north,  east  and  west, 
and  went  south.  By  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning  the 
news  had  reached  the  region  of  Mud  Lake  and  down 
the  canyon  came  team  after  team.  By  nightfall  Repub- 
lic had  a  sober  air;  it  was  in  a  pensive  mood,  so  to 
speak. 

Nearly  every  prominent  man  in*  town  had  at  least  a 
grub-stake  interest,  and  a  few  had  put  up  considerable 
money,  first  and  last,  in  a  "South  Half"  enterprise. 
There  is  a  possibility  of  the  president  vetoeing  the  In- 
dian appropriation  bill,  but  that  is  not  likely.  It  is 
more  than  probable  that  it  will  become  "law."  Of  course 
there  will  be  a  vast  territory  staked  off,  regardless  of 
ledge,  cropping,  or  any  other  evidence  of  mineral.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  within  ten  days  every  foot  of  ground 
worth  talking  about  will  be  appropriated.  Ned  Gove 
was  the  first  to  cross  the  line  from  here.  He  left  at 
12  o'clock,  and  after  staking  his  claim,  returned  in  the 
afternoon,  having  traveled  forty-six  miles. 

This  picture  from  the  cokimns  of  the  Pion- 
eer is  not  overdrawn.  The  rush  to  the  "South 
Half"  of  the  reservation  in  1898  was  a  stam- 
pede of  vast  proportions,  excelHng  even  the 
scenes  incident  to  the  opening  of  the  "North 
Half"  in  1896.  In  the  1898  hegira  some  sec- 
tions of  the  "North  Half"  were  well  nigh  de- 
populated. Within  one  week  after  the  presi- 
dent had  signed  the  bill  it  was  conservatively 
estimated  that  fully  five  thousand  mining  claims 
were  located  in  the  "South  Half."  More  than 
four  hundred  men  crossed  the  line  from  Repub- 
lic. 

The  official  separation  of  Ferry  from  Stev- 
ens county,  and  its  organization  into  a  new 
political  division,  occurred  in  1899.  It  was  at 
first  proposed  to  name  the  new  county  Eureka. 
The  potent  reasons  for  this  subdivision,  as 
voiced  by  the  Pioneer  of  January  7,  were  as 
follows : 


It  is  expected  that  the  petition  to  the  legislature  for 
the  establishment  of  Eureka  county  will  be  signed  by 
every  resident  voter  within  the  limits  proposed.  The 
great  distance  that  separates  this  section  from  other 
settled  portions  of  the  county;  the  Columbia  river  lying 
between,  which  in  its  entire  course  to  the  sea  forms 
a  sufficient  dividing  line  between  counties,  and  even 
states ;  Stevens  being  the  only  exception  that  claims 
jurisdiction  on  both  its  banks;  the  failure  of  county  or 
state  to  provide  even  so  much  as  a  wagon  road,  and  the 
hopelessness  of  expecting  that  its  proportion  contributed 
to  county  funds  will  be  applied  to  improvements  within 
its  limits  for  many  years,  make  the  imperative  neces- 
sity for  this  movement  so  apparent  that  he  will  be  a 
vara  avis  indeed  who  will  hesitate  to  affix  his  signature 
to  tjiat  document. 

For  but  less  than  a  year  have  the  Stevens  county 
authorities  claimed  jurisdiction  west  of  the  Columbia, 
and  it  is  by  no  means  indisputably  established  yet  that 
those  claims  are  valid ;  decisions  now  pending  before 
the  interior  department  may  change  the  status  of  this 
region,  so  long  regarded  as  an  ordinary  Indian  reserve. 
Although  no  taxes  levied  by  the  assessor  have  yet  been 
paid  into  the  county  treasury,  a  considerable  sum  in 
licenses  and  other  revenues  have  gone  into  its  exchequer; 
many  have  already  become  impatient  because  they  have 
expected  that  an  equal  amount  would  be  expended  in 
this  section  of  the  county.  That  such  expenditure  for 
needed  improvements  has  not  been  made  is  not  the 
fault  of  the  present  commissioners.  They  have  no  au- 
thority to  divert  money's  from  special  funds  to  the  road 
or  other  fund ;  such  money  must  come  through  the  as- 
sessor's annual  apportionment.  There  is  a  large  in- 
debtedness in  bonds  and  warrants  outstanding — $197,- 
90375 — according  to  the  auditor's  last  report,  contracted 
in  the  days  of  the  old-school  administration,  prior  to 
1895,  bearing  high  rates  of  interest,  which  must  be  paid, 
and  a  major  part  of  that  old  score  must  be  liquidated  if 
we  remain  a  part  of  Stevens  county,  by  these  newer  com- 
munities that  never  derived  one  iota  of  benefit  from 
such  indebtedness  incurred.  The  injustice  of  saddling 
a  dead  horse  of  such  magnitude  on  to  a  young,  new  dis- 
trict, that  needs  the  immediate  application  of  all  its  re- 
sources to  judicious  improvements  within  its  own  con- 
fines must  be  at  once  apparent. 

On  the  evening  of  January  5,  1899.  there 
was  a  meeting  held  in  Republic,  to  decide  upon 
some  course  of  action  looking  to  the  formation 
of  a  new  county.  At  this  meeting  there  was 
perfect  unanimity  of  sentiment.  Appropriate 
committees  were  named  to  carry  the  project  to 
a  successful  conclusion.  January  6  one  of 
these  committees  circulated  a  subscription  paper 
and  within  a  few  hours  realized  the  generous 


4oS 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


sum  of  $i.2io  to  defray  the  preliminary  ex- 
pense incident  to  the  contemplated  organiza- 
tion of  a  new  county.  Much  more  was,  also, 
subscribed  as  a  reserve  fund  to  be  drawn  upon 
if  needed;  but  of  this  latter  money  none  was 
called  for.  The  executive  committee  selected 
A.  W.  Strong  as  a  suitable  person  to  repair  to 
Olympia  and  present  the  matter  to  the  legisla- 
tive assembly.  This  he  did,  being  accompanied 
on  this  special  service  by  \Y.  C.  Morris.  It  had 
been  decided  to  name  the  proposed  new  county 
Eureka.  The  petition  for  the  formation  of  the 
new  county  was  signed  by  605  persons,  and  the 
limited  time  allowed  for  the  presentation  of  the 
document  deprived  many  of  the  pleasure  of 
signing  it. 

Thursday.  January  12,  Representative 
]\Iount  introduced  a  bill  for  the  organization  of 
a  new  county  to  be  called  Eureka,  to  be  included 
witjiin  the  following  boundaries :  "Commenc- 
ing where  the  Stevens  and  Okanogan  counties' 
boundary  lines  intersect  the  Columbia :  thence 
following  the  Columbia  to  Kettle  river;  thence 
up  the  Kettle  river  to  the  International  Boun- 
dary line,  westward  along  the  boundary  be- 
tween Stevens  and  Okanogan  counties;  thence 
along  that  line  southerly  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning. Eureka  is  to  assume  its  proportion  of 
the  debts  of  Stevens  county,  on  the  basis  of  the 
assessed  valuation  of  its  property  as  shown  by 
the  1898  assessment  rolls." 

This  bill  located  the  county  seat  at  Repub- 
lic, gave  the  governor  the  power  to  appoint 
three  commissioners ;  they  to  appoint  the  other 
county  officers.  The  bill  provided,  also,  that 
the  governor  should  appoint  a  superior  court 
judge ;  all  these  officers  to  retain  their  positions 
until  their  successors  were  selected  at  the  regu- 
lar biennial  election  in  1901.  The  bill  passed 
both  houses  of  the  legislature  February  16, 
1899.  The  name  "Ferry"  was  substituted  for 
that  of  "Eureka,"  before  the  measure  passed  the 
house,  the  name  being  in  honor  of  the  first 
governor  of  the  State  of  Washington.  In  the 
house  there  was  only  one  vote  against  the  bill ; 


the  vote  in  the  senate  was  24  aye ;  5  nay.  The 
bill  carried  an  emergency  clause  and  at  once  be- 
came a  law,  following  its  signing  by  Governor 
Rogers.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  i6th  the 
friends  of  the  bill  were  somewhat  alarmed  for 
its  safety.  Senator  Schofiekl,  who  vigorously 
opposed  the  measure,  moved  to  reconsider  the 
vote  by  which  the  bill  was  passed.  On  motion 
his  motion  was  tabled,  and  this  action  served  to 
spring  an  argument  as  to  whether  the  bill  itself 
had  not  been  tabled.  No  little  consternation 
ensued  among  its  advocates,  and  in  this  threat- 
ening emergency  while  the  parliamentary  point 
concerning  the  life  of  the  bill  was  being  warmly 
discussed,  the  document  was  rushed  into  the 
house  and  that  body  promptly  concurred  in  all 
the  Senate  amendments.  The  only  active  op- 
position to  the  measure  came  from  Northport 
and  Bossburg,  Stevens  county.  For  several 
months  Northport  had  cherished  the  possibility 
of  becoming  the  capital  of  Stevens  county,  and 
her  citizens  immediately  realized  that  the  for- 
mation of  a  new  county  would  block  that 
greatly  desired  project.  The  bill  was  signed 
by  Governor  Rogers  February  18,  1899,  and 
March  4  he  announced  his  appointment  of 
county  commissioners. 

March  11  the  initial  meeting  of  the  Ferry 
county  commissioners  was  held  at  Republic. 
H.  L.  Percy,  D.  W.  Yeargin  and  L.  P.  Wilmot 
constituted  the  board  appointed  by  Governor 
Rogers.  H.  L.  Percy  was  elected  chairman, 
and  for  a  temporary  clerk  S.  I.  Spiggle  was 
chosen.  Mr.  Spiggle  was,  also,  appointed  the 
first  auditor  of  the  new  county.  Other  officials 
named  by  the  commissioners  at  subsequent 
meetings  were:  George  A,  Graham,  county 
superintendent  of  schools:  J-  IM-  Bewley,  jus- 
tice of  the  peace:  W.  C.  !\Iorris,  acting  prose- 
cuting attorney:  Henry  Waisman,  sheriff:  L. 
H.  Mason,  treasurer:  J.  W.  Griswold,  deputy 
sheriff:  Merton  E,  Jesseph.  county  clerk;  R.  B. 
Thomas,  surveyor. 

Agitation  for  the  erection  of  a  county  court 
house  began  in   April,    1899.     March   17  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


409 


commissioners  had  designated  as  a  court  house 
a  building  then  owned  by  the  county,  and  in 
which  the  justice  of  the  peace  held  his  court 
sessions.  Offers  of  land  for  a  site  were  made 
by  J.  W.  McCann  and  associates,  and  also  by 
the  Delaware  Mining  Company.  The  latter 
offer,  embracing  the  whole  of  Block  10,  of  the 
Delaware  addition  to  Republic,  was  accepted. 
May  15  the  contract  to  erect  a  court  house 
was  awarded  to  Thomas  L.  Grant  for  the  sum 
of  $3,974.  On  the  morning  of  June  3  the 
building  temporarily  used  for  a  court  house 
burned,  and  all  the  proceedings  of  the  county 
commissioners  and  a  few  other  records  were 
destroyed.  Fortunately  most  of  the  I'ecords  of 
Ferry  county  were  in  Colville  at  the  time,  not 
yet  having  been  transcribed  from  the  Stevens 
county  records.  Following  the  fire  work  was  at 
once  commenced  on  the  court  house  building,  a 
shack  having  in  the  meantime  been  run  up  as 
a  temporary  auditor's  office.  Mr.  Grant  was, 
also,  awarded  a  contract  for  the  construction  of 
a  fire-proof  vault  to  cost  $r,i20.  October  5 
the  the  new  court  house  was  completed  and 
accepted;  in  January,  1900.  the  county  officials 
occupied  it. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  commissioners 
the  sale  of  warrants  was  considered,  and  at  a 
subsequent  meeting,  March  31,  it  was  decided 
that  Chairman  Percy  should  proceed  to  Spo- 
kane and  other  points,  if  necessary,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  negotiating  the  sale  of  warrants  to  an 
amount  not  exceeding  $50,000.  Mr.  Percy 
visited  Spokane,  Tacoma,  Seattle,  Portland 
and  San  Francisco.  Warrants  to  the  amount  of 
$40,000  were  disposed  of  to  W.  E.  Bell,  of  Spo- 
kane, at  par,  and  carrying  eight  per  cent  inter- 
est. 

During  the  summer  of  1899  Ferry  county 
was  infested  by  a  gang  of  horse  and  cattle 
thieves,  who  operated  boldly  and  extensively. 
No  animal  staked  out  at  night  was  safe  from 
these  stock  peculators.  The  general  rule  of 
these  thieves  was  to  run  the  animals  out  of  the 


county  and  dispose  of  them.  Such  as  were  not 
at  once  taken  out  of  the  country  would  be 
driven  to  a  comparatively  safe  place,  cached,  and 
upon  the  offer  of  a  reward  the  thieves  would 
arrogantly  appear  with  the  stolen  property  and 
receive  it.  But  this  was  carrying  things  with 
too  high  a  hand,  and  the  citizens  of  Ferry  coun- 
ty appeared  to  awaken  to  this  fact.  In  the  latter 
part  of  June  Charles  McDonald,  a  notorious 
and  vicious  character,  and  who  was  thought 
to  be  at  the  head  of  this  gang  of  stock  thieves, 
was  shot  and  killed  by  Deputy  Sheriff  Griswold 
while  McDonald  was  resisting  arrest.  His 
partner,  Frank  Draper,  was  taken  into  custody. 
It  was  hoped  that  this  tragic  event  would  put 
a  stop  to  the  "rustling,"  but  the  evil  continued 
unabated  for  quite  an  extended  period  there- 
after. 

The  act  creating  Ferry  county,  by  the  state 
legislature,  stipulated  that  Ferry  should  pay  to 
Stevens  county,  its  share  of  the  indebtedness  of 
the  latter  county  prior  to  the  sub-division.  Oc- 
tober 17,  1899,  warrants  in  favor  of  Stevens 
county  to  the  amount  of  $16,872  were  ordered 
drawn  by  the  auditor  of  Ferry  county  in  settle- 
ment of  this  indebtedness.  In  1901  funding 
bonds  to  the  amount  of  $60,000  were  issued. 
Charles  P.  Bennett,  of  Republic,  was  the  high- 
est bidder.  These  bonds  bear  interest  at  the 
rate  of  five  and  one-half  per  cent  per  annum, 
interest  payable  semi-annually,  at  par.  and  a 
premium  of  one-half  per  cent,  due  in  ten  years. 
The  bonds  were  issued  to  E.  D.  Shepard  & 
Company,  Bennett's  bid  having  been  awarded 
to  this  firm. 

November  5,  1900,  Ferry  county  was  raised 
from  the  27th  to  the  22d  class.  This  was  done 
upon  the  report  of  the  county  assessor  who 
stated  that  on  November  ist  the  county  con- 
tained a  population  of  4-500  and  less  than 
5,000.  Following  is  the  population  by  pre- 
cincts from  the  12th  United  States  census, 
1900:  Curlew  precinct,  250:  Nelson  precinct, 
241;    Republic    precinct    fincluding    Republic 


4IO 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


citv,  2.050),  3.318;  Colville  Indian  reserva- 
tion (part  of),  753;  total  for  reservation  in 
Ferry  county,  1,477.     Grand  total,  4,562. 

The  months  of  November  and  December, 
1899,  were  rendered  extremely  disagreeable  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Ferry  county.  It  was  a  win- 
ter long  to  be  remembered  by  the  "Oldest  In- 
habitant" as  the  "rainy  winter."  Each  day  of 
soaking  rain,  and  these  days  were  many,  added 
to  the  mud,  and  the  roads  leading  to  Republic 
Camp  became  almost  impassable.  Teamsters 
were  discouraged  and  many  of  them  ceased 
their  efforts  to  haul  freight.  Hundreds  of  tons 
of  freight  billed  to  Republic  were  piled  up  in 
the  depots  of  Marcus,  Bossburg,  Grand  Forks 
and  Wilbur.  Even  with  light  loads  it  required 
from  nine  to  twelve  days  to  make  the  trip. 
Freight  rates  from  Marcus  rose  to  four  cents  a 
pound,  or  $80  per  ton,  and  even  at  these  exhor- 
bitant  rates  very  little  was  brought  in.  Busi- 
ness was  paralyzed  on  account  of  the  small 
stocks  of  goods  on  hand,  and  in  many  of  the 
necessaries  of  life  there  was  a  famine.  The 
mining  industry  was,  of  course,  greatly  ham- 
pered by  these  untoward  conditions. 

Saturday  morning,  July  13,  1898,  Martin 
Tonascet,  chief  of  the  Okanogan  Indians,  com- 
mitted suicide  at  his  ranch  near  the  mouth  of 
Toroda  creek.  Tonascet  was  about  fifty  years 
of  age,  the  son  of  one  of  the  most  eminent 
chiefs  of  that  tribe.  When  the  son  was  chosen 
chief  he  was  considered  a  wealthy  Indian,  own- 
ing many  head  of  stock  and  controlling  a  great 
deal  of  land.  At  the  time  of  the  tragedy  Ton- 
ascet was  intoxicated,  and  after  raising  a  dis- 
turbance in  his  family,  seized  a  rifle  and  shot 
himself  to  death.  He  left  a  brother,  Batise, 
who  at  present  resides  on  the  ranch. 

At  the  hour  of  noon,  October  10,  1900,  the 
"North  Half"  of  the  Colville  Indian  reserva- 
tion (which  in  1896  had  been  opened  to  mineral 
entry),  was  made  available  for  homestead  lo- 
cations. During  the  year  previous  to  this  event 
Indian  agents  had  been  engaged  in  alloting  to 
the  wards  of  the  nation  tracts  of  land — ei"htv 


acres  to  each  native — and  as  a  result  the  very 
choicest  lands  had  been  taken.  But  considera- 
ble excellent  land  still  remained  and  for  more 
than  two  months  before  the  ofticial  opening 
homesteaders  had  been  coming  into  the  reser- 
^•ation  for  the  purpose  of  examing  the  country. 
They  came  with  outfits — a  majority  of  them — 
but  quite  a  number  of  people  made  the  trip  on 
foot,  packing  blankets  and  camp  outfits.  When- 
ever a  man  discovered  a  piece  of  land  suitable 
to  his  taste,  he  made  for  himself  a  camp,  and 
settled  down  to  await  the  time  when  he  could 
legally  post  his  notice  of  location.  Others, 
however,  made  their  residence  in  Republic, 
Marcus  and  other  towns  adjacent  until  the  hour 
of  opening  arrived. 

Promptly  at  12  o'clock,  m.,  of  the  loth, 
this  opening  was  officially  announced  by  the 
ringing  of  the  fire  bell  in  Republic.  The  merry 
peal  of  this  bell  was  not  heard  by  those  who 
actually  contemplated  taking  up  land.  No,  they 
were  ofif  and  away,  looking  after  their  interests. 
Having  lived  long  in  the  realms  of  blissful  an- 
ticipation, they  had  taken  Time  by  the  forelock, 
posted  their  notices,  and  when  the  hour  of  noon 
had  arrived,  made  a  bee-line  to  record  their  en- 
tries. Contrary  to  expectations  there  were  no 
tragedies.  In  a  number  of  instances  two  or 
three  men  met  on  the  same  piece  of  land :  in- 
stead of  drawing  weapons  and  "getting  the 
drop,"  they  simply  posted  their  notices  and  pro- 
ceeded to  "make  improvements,"  satisfied  to 
leave  the  matter  in  the  United  States  land  office 
for  adjudication.  The  land  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  Curlew  lake  was  in  great  demand,  as 
was,  also,  the  timber  land  east  of  the  brewery, 
near  Republic.  In  both  of  these  places  there 
were  many  who  claimed  the  same  tracts,  but 
all  appeared  to  take  the  conditions  coolly.  In 
one  instance  two  notices  were  posted  on  the 
same  tree.  Two  hostile  camps  were  located 
near  by,  but  no  use  was  being  made  of  shot 
guns,  although  there  were  half  a  dozen  in  sight. 

In  this  "race  for  a  home"  were  a  number  of 
ladies,  and  among  those  who  were  successful 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


41] 


in  having  their  claims  recorded  were  Phoebe 
Young,  EHzabeth  Beecroft,  Mary  G.  Smith  and 
Leona  Koonz.  The  experience  of  Miss  Bee- 
croft in  securing  an  ehgible  piece  of  land  is  told 
in  the  Republic  Pioneer  of  October  13. 

IMiss  Beecroft  had  picked  out  her  location  weeks  in 
advance,  and  as  the  opening  day  drew  near  she  began  to 
make  preparations  to  take  up  her  homestead.  On  the 
pth  a  load  of  lumber  was  sent  out  and  left  near  the  pros- 
pective ranch.  Shortly  before  noon  of  the  lOth  Miss  Bee- 
croft, mounted  on  a  splendid  'charger,"  was  on  the  scene. 
When  the  hands  on  the  dial  of  her  reliable  watch  pointed 
to  the  hour  of  12,  noon,  she  rode  on  to  the  land,  posted 
the  necessary  notice,  and  then  a  mad  race  to  town  com- 
menced. Never  in  Ferry  county  did  a  woman  get 
faster  over  the  ground.  Even  the  horse  appeared  in- 
spired by  the  nomentuous  events  of  the  day.  He  darted 
over  the  bunch  grass  plains,  up  and  down  hills,  through 
timber,  over  rocks,  and  across  rough  and  trailless  places. 
It  was  a  long  race  from  Curlew  Lake  to  Republic,  but 
the  horse  was  nervy,  and  his  skilled  rider  determined  to 
win  a  home  or  perish  in  the  attempt.  On  they  came ; 
here  they  passed  a  slow-going  nag;  there  they  overtook 
and  left  behind  a  footman,  who,  though  slow,  was  equally 
determined  to  do  or  faint  by  the  way.  Miss  Beecroft 
made  the  trip  successfully.  Her  trusty  animal  reached 
Commissioner  Stocker's  office  white  with  foam.  He  had 
made  record-breaking  time  and  landed  his  rider  ahead 
of  any  of  those  who  had  left  the  lake  at  the  same  time. 
When  Miss  Beecroft  reached  her  prospective  homestead 
on  the  morning  of  the  loth  there  were  two  or  three  men 
on  the  ground.  They  insisted  on  staying,  and  declared 
they  would  fight  for  possession.  But  Miss  Beecroft  was 
not  to  be  frightened  or  deterred  from  carrying  out  her 
plans.  She  asked  for  no  special  privileges  on  account 
of  her  se.x;  she  had  rights,  and  all  she  asked  was  fair 
play.  Already  she  has  a  house  on  the  place,  and  will  be 
ready  to  make  a  showing  before  the  United  States  Land 
office  at  the  proper  time. 

On  the  loth  and  nth  two  hundred  home- 
stead entries  had  been  recorded  in  the  land  of- 
fices at  Republic,  Waterville  and  Spokane,  and 
the  filings  continued  to  pour  in  for  some  time 
afterward. 

From  the  earliest  days  of  the  settlement  of 
Ferry,  even  before  its  segregation  from  Stev- 
ens county,  the  air  was  vocal  with  "railroad 
talk"  and  speculation.  Surveying  parties  trav- 
ersed the  county  as  early  as  1898,  and  each  suc- 
ceeding year  rumors  were  rife  to  the  efifect  that 
"the    railroad    was    coming    that    summer." 


Numerous  routes  were  surveyed — one  connect- 
ing with  the  Central  Washington  at  Wilbur, 
Lincoln  county,  and  others  with  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern.  It  was  not  until  the  summer 
of  1902  that  a  railroad  penetrated  the  county. 
And  then  there  were  two  of  them,  both  roads 
reaching  Republic,  the  objective  point,  at  nearly 
the  same  time.  These  roads  were  the  Kettle 
Valley  line  (colloquially  known  as  the  "Hot 
Air"  line)  connecting  with  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific at  Grand  Forks,  British  Columbia,  and  the 
Washington  &  Great  Northern,  a  Great  North- 
ern enterprise,  connecting  with  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern  at  Marcus,  and  passing 
through  Grand  Forks. 

April  12,  1902,  was  the  date  set  for  the 
initial  trip,  of  the  "Hot  Air"  line  into  Republic. 
This  was,  however,  a  trifle  premature,  as  the 
road  was  not  completed  at  that  date.  But  the 
formal  opening  took  place,  as  specified.  One 
hundred  excursionists  from  Spokane  and  other 
points  were  met  at  the  end  of  the  railroad  by 
Republic  citizens,  and  an  elaborate  banquet  was 
first  in  order.  Then  followed  the  driving  of 
the  golden  spike  in  North  Republic,  where  it 
was  intended  to  erect  a  depot,  which  depot  is 
still  a  castle  in  the  air.  "W.  C.  Morris,  attorney 
for  the  Kettle  Valley  line,  and  T.  W.  Holland, 
manager,  drove  the  spike.  A  Grand  Forks 
band  was  present  and  dispensed  instrumental 
harmony.  The  city  of  Republic  was  en  fete, 
and  a  general  good  time  was  enjoyed  by  all, 
despite  the  fact  that  the  road  was  not  completed 
until  two  or  three  months  later.  The  Wash- 
ington &  Great  Northern  arrived  within  the 
city  limits  about  the  same  period. 

The  struggles  of  this  latter  line  are  worthy 
of  historical  reference.  In  1898  a  charter  was 
secured  from  congress  authorizing  the  con- 
struction of  a  railroad  up  the  Sans  Poil  to  Re- 
public. The  following  year  this  charter  was 
secured  by  the  Great  Northern  Company,  but 
it  expired  by  limitation  in  the  summer  of  1900. 
During  this  period  D.  C.  Corbin,  at  that  time 
owner  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  rail- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


road,  had  carefully  examined  the  country  and 
decided  upon  the  route  which  is  now  followed 
by  the  Great  Northern  Republic  branch  from 
Marcus,  Stevens  county.  On  two  separate  oc- 
casions Mr.  Corbin  appeared  before  the  parlia- 
ment of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  asking  for  a 
charter  to  enable  him  to  construct  the  twelve 
miles  of  road  which  the  contour  of  the  country 
compelled  him  to  build  in  southern  British  Co- 
lumbia in  order  to  reach  Republic.  But  each 
time  that  he  appeared  he  was  refused  permis- 
sion to  do  so.  Eventually  Mr.  Corbin's  road 
passed  into  possession  of  the  Great  Northern 
railroad  company.  The  latter  organization  was 
more  successful  in  winning  over  the  members 
of  the  Canadian  parliament,  and  permission  was 
secured  to  traverse  the  coveted  twelve  miles  in 
Canadian  territory,  thus  reaching  Republic, 
which  is,  temporarily,  the  terminus.     The  de- 


cidetlly  adventitious  aid  secured  by  'Sir.  J.  J. 
Hill,  in  this  enterprise,  was  in  the  form  of  an 
old  provincial  railroad  charter,  known  as  the 
Victoria,  Vancouver  &  Eastern,  which  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Great  Northern  railroad  com- 
pany from  McKenzie  &  Mann,  the  Canadian 
owners.  This  charter  was  subsequently 
strengthened  by  a  Dominion  franchise  granted 
by  the  Canadian  parliament,  something  which 
Mr.  Corbin  had  been  unable  to  secure.  The 
branch  from  Marcus  to  Republic  is  eighty 
miles  in  length.  Along  the  entire  route  the 
grades  are  light,  and  no  expense  has  been 
spared  to  construct  a  perfect  railway.  Some 
rather  heavy  rock  work  was  encountered  dur- 
ing the  construction  of  the  Washington  &  Great 
Northern  railroad,  but  no  heavy  grades  or 
sharp  curves  were  resorted  to  in  order  to  cir- 
cumvent natural  difficulties. 


CHAPTER   IL 


REPUBLIC  CAMP    AND  OTHER  TOWNS. 


The  story  of  Republic  Camp  for  some  time 
after  its  establishment  is,  practically,  the  history 
of  Ferry  county.  It  was  the  only  settlement  of 
note  in  the  territory  now  comprised  in  the 
county  of  Ferry  for  many  months,  and  to-day 
it  is  the  one  town  of  importance — and  the  capi- 
tal of  Ferry  county.  Its  elevation  is  2,925  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea;  the  census  of  1900 
gave  it  a  population  of  2,050. 

Republic  Camp  is  the  center  of  an  exceed- 
ingly rich  mining  region,  scattered  over  grass- 
covered  benches  overlooking  the  valley  of  the 
Sans  Foil  river.  It  is  considered  a  very  health- 
ful city,  located,  as  it  is  on  a  plateau  far  re- 
moved from  malarial  sections  of  country.  The 
climate  is  mild  and  the  summer  seasons  have  no 
extended  periods  of  extreme  heat:  the  nights 
are   invariablv   cool.      The  census   returns   of 


1900  show  that  Republic  Camp  was  the  sixth 
city  in  eastern  Washington  in  point  of  popula- 
tion. And  this,  in  face  of  the  fact  that  it  was 
without  railway  connection  proves  conclusively 
that  the  resources  of  the  country  must  be  con- 
siderable to  bring  to  the  front  a  place  of  such 
relative  importance  in  the  state. 

With  the  sensational  opening  of  the  "North 
Half  of  the  Colville  Indian  reservation  to  min- 
eral entry,  February  21.  1896,  prospectors 
flocked  into  the  present  site  of  Republic  Camp, 
and  throughout  the  contiguous  territory  made 
many  rich  mineral  strikes.  Quickly  spread  the 
glad  tidings  abroad  on  the  wings  of  rumor. 
Two  months  after  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion we  find  that  there  were  sixty-four  men  in 
the  camp.  They  were  prospectors  and  miners. 
They  made  their  homes  in  tents :  their  provis- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


413 


ions  were  freighted  in  from  long  distances  at 
costly  prices. 

But  a  camp  containing  sixty-four  men,  and 
with  a  glittering  prospect  for  a  large  increase 
of  population  in  the  immediate  future,  could  not 
remain  long  without  a  "store."  To  W.  C.  Otto 
belongs  thecredit  of  being  the  pioneer  merchant 
of  Republic  Camp.  With  two  drivers,  a  saddle 
horse  and  a  pack  train  of  twenty  mules  laden 
with  tools  and  general  merchandise,  the  enter- 
prising Mr.  Otto  threaded  his  way  along  the 
trail  which  followed  up  the  bank  of  the  Sans 
Foil  ri'\^r.  He  had  abandoned  Almira,  a  small 
town  in  Lincoln  county,  and  was  heading  in  for 
the  new,  and  then  famous,  Republic  Camp.  It 
was  a  "Hazard  of  New  Fortunes."  Mr.  Otto 
pitched  his  tent  on  Eureka  creek  May  17,  1896, 
and  opened  sale  of  his  wares.  Thus  came  the 
first  merchant  in  the  camp;  a  representative  of 
the  interests  of  the  J.  C.  Keller  Company,  of 
Almira. 

While  the  first  "business  house"  was  thus 
established  in  1896,  it  antedated  the  erection  of 
the  first  building  in  Republic  by  a  year.  Harry 
Kaufman,  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the 
camp,  ran  up  the  first  edifice.  This  was  a  sub- 
stantial log  structure  and  was  located  just  over 
the  gulch,  northwest  of  where  the  main  portion 
of  the  town  now  stands.  Early  in  July,  1897, 
Philip  Creaser,  having  secured  a  valuable  and 
eligible  townsite,  began  the  erection  of  a  two- 
story  frame  hotel  building  on  the  sum- 
mit of  the  hill  overlooking  what  is  now 
Clark  street,  and  the  principal  business 
thoroughfare  of  Republic.  This  was  the 
town's  second  building.  July  22  John 
Stack  opened  a  store  in  a  tent  adjoining 
Kaufman's  cabin.  With  him  became  associ- 
ated some  of  the  most  prominent  mining  men 
of  the  camp,  and  together,  they  erected  a  com- 
modious two-story  store  and  office  building, 
and  under  the  firm  name  of  John  Stack  &  Com- 
pany, opened  out  an  extensive  line  of  general 
merchandise  October  30,  1897.    But  there  was 


not  much  building  activity  until  the  following 
spring. 

The  Blue  Jacket  De\elopment  Company, 
through  its  officers,  James  Clark,  president,  and 
Charles  S.  Eltinge,  secretary,  laid  out  the  town- 
site  March  22,  1898,  and  the  lots  were  thrown 
on  the  open  market.  This  site  was  later  com- 
bined with  North  Republic  (platted  by  the  Lost 
Lode  Gold  Mining  Company,  by  its  officers. 
Hector  McRea,  vice-president,  and  Charles  S. 
Griffith,  secretary,  May  21'),  and  other  town- 
sites  in  one  large  town  named  for  the  famous 
mine  which  gave  it  universal  notoriety — Re- 
public. 

It  is  a  town  with  a  surprisingly  large  num- 
ber of  additions.  The  original  one  was  platted 
April  29,  1898,  by  the  Tuesday  Development 
Company,  by  Patrick  Clark,  president,  and 
Charles  S.  Elinge,  secretary.  This  plat,  how- 
ever, was  vacated  by  order  of  the  board  of 
county  commissioners  August  10,  1900.  Other 
additions  to  Republic  were  made  later,  as  fol- 
lows : 

Second  Addition — June  3,  1898,  by  J.  W. 
McCann.  Third  Addition — September  14, 
1898,  by  Philip  Creaser.  Mono  Addition — 
November  19,  1898,  by  J.  M.  Bewley  and  W. 
C.  Otto.  Court  House  Addition — February 
17,  1899,  by  Fred  M.  Wells.  Delaware  Addi- 
tion— June  12,  1899,  by  the  Delaware  Mining 
Company,  by  C.  C.  Woodhouse,  Jr.,  president. 
Conlan's  Addition — December  20.  1899,  by 
Golden  Eagle  Mining  Company,  by  J.  D.  Mil- 
ler, president.  School  House  Addition — De- 
cember I,  1899,  by  C.  C.  Woodhouse,  Jr.  Port- 
land Addition — July  31,  1900,  by  George  W. 
Woodhouse  and  Martin  A.  Mitchell.  Wabash 
Addition — May  10,  1900,  by  Moses  Ediams 
and  George  Miller.  Erdmann  Addition — Oc- 
tober 29,  1901,  by  Erdmann  Mining  Company, 
by  Frederick  Stone,  president;  attest  Edward 
H.  Knight,  secretary.  Finch's  Addition — No- 
vember 23,  1 90 1,  by  Edward  C.  Finch  and 
Fred  G.  Foster.     Deer  Park  Addition — Janu- 


414 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ary  31,  1903,  by  Grant  A.  Stewart,  W.  R. 
Hughes  and  James  Cottini.  Elgin  Addition- 
April  3,  1902,  by  Elgin  Mining  &  Milling  Com- 
pany, by  Joseph  Rosslow,  president.  Erdmann 
Addition— May  26,  1902,  Erdmann  Addition 
to  Republic  was  amended  by  the  same  company. 
Hunner's  Addition— June  3,  1901,  by  Wash- 
ington Gold  Mining  Company,  A.  Hanson, 
vice  president.  North  Star  Addition— April  9, 
1902,  by  C.  F.  Haine,  trustee  for  Matt  Horn, 
Frank  Ritzner,  R.^V.  Hunner,  John  McGee 
and  W.  J.  Beacom. 

The  lots  comprising  these  additions  were 
thrown  upon  the  market  in  the  spring  of  1898. 
It  was  the  signal  for  a  general  rush  to  the  local- 
ity. Within  the  space  of  two  months  nearly  two 
thousand  people  had  come  in  to  Republic.  Can- 
vas tents  and  shacks  of  hasty  architecture  and 
picturesque  appearance  were  made  to  serve  for 
residence  and  business  purposes,  while  a  few 
substantial  two-story  structures  "towered  above 
their  less  pretentious  neighbors."  Every  branch 
of  business  that  could  possibly  thrive  in  a  min- 
ing town  was  represented.  Reports  of  new 
strikes  daily  set  people  wild  with  excitement. 
Stock  companies  were  incorporated  at  Spokane 
and  quotations  were  telephoned  in  twice  a  day, 
and  as  prices  steadily  advanced  mining  shares 
rapidly  changed  hands.  Speaking  of  this 
Spring's  "boom"  the  Republic  Pioneer,  (one  of 
the  first  enterprises  of  the  town),  on  April  16 
said: 


Republic  is  making  progress  in  the  way  of  building, 
and  adding  to  its  population.  Unusual  and  unpreced- 
ented energy  is  displayed  by  business  men  in  preparing 
places  to  be  occupied.  From  one  end  of  the  camp  to 
the  other  is  this  activity  conspicuous.  Freight  teams  are 
arriving  daily  by  the  dozen.  They  are  coming  from 
every  direction  and  the  roads  are  dotted  with  heavily 
loaded  wagons  and  light  vehicles  en  route  to  Republic 
Camp.  At  Marcus  there  is  enough  freight  at  the  depot 
to  load  a  hundred  wagons,  and  it  is  accumulating  instead 
of  decreasing.  There  are  dozens  of  people  in  Republic 
waiting  for  goods  and  outfits  to  arrive  that  they  may 
commence  business.  They  are  more  than  disappointed  at 
the  delay  and  quietly  give  vent  to  their  feelings.  They 
sec  the  camp  is  bounding  ahead  and  they  are  provoked 


because  they  are  not  yet  in  the  maelstrom  of  commercial 
activity. 

Friday  afternoon,  jNIay  6,  189S,  Republic 
Camp  was  connected  by  telephone  with  the  out- 
side world.  Local  and  long-distance  wires  were 
united  and  President  Oakes  conversed  with 
other  members  of  his  company  in  various  lo- 
calities. 

The  public  schools  of  Republic  are  such  as 
awaken  pride  in  an}-  community  which  takes 
an  active  interest  in  educational  affairs.  Froin 
the  date  of  its  establishment  the  city  has  made 
fruitful  efforts  to  maintain  an  efficient  school 
system.  In  1899  the  district  was  bonded  for 
$15,000  for  the  pupose  of  erecting  and  equip- 
ping adequate  and  comfortable  school  houses. 
With  the  money  thus  obtained  a  large,  two- 
room  school  building  was  erected  in  North  Re- 
public— the  oldest  portion  of  the  camp — and 
a  four-room,  two-story  edifice  built  in  a  central 
location  in  South  Republic.  This  school  has 
been  carefully  graded  and  will  favorably  com- 
pare with  other  excellent  schools  throughout 
the  state.  Arrangements  have  been  made 
whereby  pupils  may  transfer  to  Republic  and 
continue  their  curriculum  without  inconven- 
ience. During  the  past  three  years  a  high 
school  department  has  been  maintained. 

Commercial  activity  in  Republic  Camp  in 
1898  was  in  the  nature  of  a  surprise  to  every- 
one. As  the  Pioneer  of  May  14  said:  "Large 
quantities  of  whiskey,  flour  and  other  necessi- 
ties arrived  during  the  week.  When  the  camp 
is  older  some  of  the  luxuries  will  be  on  hand. 
One  day  fifteen  heavily  loaded  wagons  arrived. 
This  shows  what  quantities  of  goods  are  com- 
ing this  way.  Along  the  wagon  road  for  eighty- 
five  miles  there  are  freighting  teams  coming 
and  going.  Still,  it  is  impossible  to  clear  the 
blockade  at  Marcus.  Considerable  freight  is, 
also,  coming  in  from  Seattle  and  other  Sound 
cities.  It  is  not  an  unusual  sight  to  witness  a 
dozen  four-horse  teams  in  one  block  at  Repub- 
hc." 

During  the  month  of  May,   1898,  the  jus- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


415 


tice's  court  room  and  a  jail  building  were  com- 
pleted. The  latter  contained  two  cells  con- 
structed of  pine;  the  walls  of  2x4  scantling, 
laid  flat  and  securely  spiked  together.  While 
not  so  impregnable  as  steel  cages,  they  were 
sufficiently  strong  to  retain  the  ordinary  crimi- 
nal a  prisoner. 

The  original  church  organization  in  Repub- 
lic Camp  was  the  Roman  Catholic.  In  1898  a 
building  for  worship  was  erected  wherein  regu- 
lar services  have  since  been  held.  In  June, 
1898,  Rev.  J.  E.  Stewart,  who  had  for  some 
time  previous  been  holding  religious  services  in 
Republic,  solicited  subscriptions  to  aid  in  the 
erection  of  a  house  of  worship.  He  succeeded 
in  realizing  quite  a  sum.  Meanwhile  church 
services  and  Sunday  schools  were  held  in  pri- 
vate residences.  Sunday,  June  5,  a  ladies' 
aid  society  was  organized  with  these  officers: 
Mrs.  Velma  Lomer,  president;  Mrs.  Mason, 
Mrs.  Strong  and  Mrs.  Sprowle,  vice  presidents ; 
Mrs.  Ediams,  secretary;  Mrs.  J.  A.  Pack,  as- 
sistant secretary. 

July  16  Rev.  F.  M.  Gunn,  D.  D.,  of  Se- 
attle, and  Rev.  J.  E.  Stewart,  of  Loomis,  Okan- 
ogan county,  organized  a  Presbyterian  congre- 
gation with  seventeen  members.  The  elders 
were  W.  H.  Willard  and  Joseph  Hall.  The 
trustees  were  John  W.  Seward,  R.  F.  Scott  and 
Mrs.  Ora  M.  Drake.  Eligible  lots  were  secured 
and  a  subscription  paper  circulated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  realizing  funds  with  which  to  erect  a 
church  building.  Cash  to  the  amount  of  $67 
was  collected.  But  the  building  project  was 
permitted  to  drag  until  the  following  summer, 
when  more  energetic  steps  were  taken  to  push 
the  matter  to  a  conclusion.  Rev.  Linn  Earhart, 
of  Turner,  Oregon  was  selected  as  pastor.  Al- 
though lots  had  been  donated  and  money  con- 
tributed for  a  church  edifice,  the  building,  for 
some  cause,  was  never  erected.  The  Presby- 
terians, however,  held  regular  services  until 
1903.  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  E.  J.  Ear- 
hart.  A  Methodist  church  society  was  also 
formed,  holding:  regfular  services  at  the  "lower 


school  house,"  and  in  \'arious  halls.  No 
church  building  was  erected  and,  at  present,  no 
Methodist  services  are  being  held. 

The  second  house  of  worship  to  be  built  in 
Republic  Camp  was  that  of  the  Baptists,  in 
1902.  At  present  the  Baptists  and  Catholics 
are  the  only  church  organizations  in  town.  The 
former  church  was  organized  in  December, 
1900.  Rev.  E.  G.  Barnum  was  pastor,  remain- 
ing, however,  but  a  short  time. 

Throughout  the  summer  of  1898  immigra- 
tion to  Republic  was  sensational.  While  vast 
volumes  of  freight  billed  for  the  camp  were 
congested  at  Marcus,  much  more  which  was 
brought  up  the  Okanogan  river  by  steamboat 
was  piling  up  at  "Republic  Landing,"  on  that 
stream.  E.  L.  Hallenbeck,  an  Okanogan  river 
steamboat  man,  was  in  Republic  early  in  June, 
and,  in  speaking  of  freight  at  the  "landing," 
billed  for  this  camp,  said : 

"There  are  acres  of  it,  all  destined  for  Re- 
public; and  more  arriving  every  trip  made  by 
the  steamer.  It  is  piled  to  the  roof  of  the  big 
warehouse;  there  are  tents  full  of  freight  and 
plenty  more  stacked  up  on  the  outside.  It  ar- 
rives faster  than  teamsters  can  take  it  away,  al- 
though the  road  is  springled  with  wagons.  A 
train  of  seventy-five  wagons  could  not  transport 
the  freight  at  'Republic  Landing'  when  I  left 
there." 

At  this  period  the  Republic  Trading  Com- 
pany, alone,  had  thirty-five  tons  of  merchandise 
at  the  landing. 

Up  to  the  year  1898  what  is  now  known  as 
North  Republic,  which  was  the  original  location 
of  the  camp,  was  named  Eureka.  But  that 
year  the  name  of  the  postoffice  was  changed  to 
Republic,  owing  to  the  fact  that  there  was  an- 
other postoffice  called  Eureka  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Mail  for  the  Eureka  office  was 
directed  to  Nelson,  now  Danville,  and  was 
brought  to  Eureka  by  a  system  of  mutual  ac- 
commodation sanctioned  by  the  postal  authori- 
ties, where  it  was  distributed  to  the  residents 
of  Eureka.     That  same  year  the  postoffice  of 


4i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Republic  was  established,  named  after  the  fam- 
ous mine,  and  soon  after  the  name  of  the  town 
was  changed  from  Eufeka  to  Republic.  The 
postoffice  transactions  of  a  municipality  are  elo- 
quent indices  of  the  amount  of  business  done 
therein ;  they  certainly  illustrate  the  marvellous- 
ly rapid  growth  of  Republic.  The  Pioneer  said 
in  July,  1898:  "Not  only  has  the  mail  been 
enormous  for  a  town  of  this  size,  but  the  sale 
of  stamps  has  footed  up  a  round  sum.  From 
April  I  to  June  30,  one  thousand  and  three 
registered  letters  were  forwarded  from  Repub- 
lic. This,  in  itself,  is  significant.  No  other 
town  in  W^ashington  of  the  same  size  can  pres- 
ent such  a  wonderful  postal  showing." 

The  postal  business  of  Republic  Camp  con- 
tinued to  increase.  In  the  registered  letter  de- 
partment, especially,  was  the  business  heavy. 
In  this  section,  at  the  opening  of  the  year  1899 
the  Republic  oi^ce  was  transacting  more  busi- 
ness than  were  the  offices  of  Los  Angeles,  Seat- 
tle, Spokane,  Portland,  and  other  cities  in  their 
class.  In  other  departments  the  volume  of  busi- 
ness in  the  Republic  postoffice  was  proportion- 
ately voluminous.  A  dispatch  from  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  at  this  period,  stated  unreservedly 
that  the  Republic  office  was  doing  more  business 
than  any  other  town  in  eastern  Washington, 
outside  of  Spokane.  It  outclassed  Walla  Walla 
a  city  at  that  time  of  from  8,000  to  10,000  in- 
habitants. But  despite  the  fact  that  the  post- 
office  department  at  Washingon  was  fully  in- 
formed concerning  the  volume  of  business 
handled  at  Republic,  it  was  impossible  to  se- 
cure necessary  supplies  for  the  office.  One  time 
it  would  be  a  shortage  of  stamps ;  another  regis- 
tration blanks  would  become  exhausted.  Al- 
though the  business  transacted  fully  warranted 
it,  the  Washington  authorities  refused  to  give 
Republic  a  money  order  office  at  that  time,  and 
not  until  July  i.  1899,  was  it  raised  to  an  office 
of  the  third  class  and  made  a  money  order 
depository. 

The  future  of  Republic  was  brilliant  with 
promise  October   10.   1S9S.     On  that  day  the 


Republic  Gold  Alining  &  Milling  Company  de- 
clared its  first  dividend.  Many  miners  who  had 
been  industriously  prospecting  on  the  "Suuth 
Half"  returned  to  town.  The  name  and  fame 
of  Republic  Camp  resounded  abroad  and  the 
excitement  was  intense.  Stages  arrived  daily 
loaded  with  passengers  and  many  extra  convey- 
ances were  pressed  into  commission.  Hotels 
and  lodging  houses  were  uncomfortably  filled. 
Numerous  promoters  and  mine  experts  entered 
the  field  to  procure  claims.  Hardly  a  square 
foot  of  ground  within  a  radius  of  eight  or  ten 
miles  of  the  Republic  mine  could  be  found  un- 
occupied, and  e\ery  claim  that  showed  a  quartz 
vein  of  any  description  was  immediately  bonded 
and  stocked.  Many  high  assays  were  obtained 
from  the  numerous  prospects,  and  each  fresh 
"strike"  reported  stimulated  development  in  the 
camp.  Those  who  were  pecuniarily  interested 
became  enthusiastic  over  the  "great  future;" 
those 'who  had  not  yet  invested  became  anxious 
to  do  so.  As  was  naturally  to  be  expected,  real 
estate  advanced  rapidly;  choice  lots  on  Clark 
avenue  originally  purchased  for  $200  apiece 
sold  as  high  as  $1,450,  and  as  much  as  $2,500 
was  asked  a  year  later. 

In  December,  1898,  we  find  that  the  steady 
inflow  of  people  to  Republic  which  had  con- 
tinued during  the  preceding  summer  had  not 
abated  with  the  advent  of  cold  weather.  Dur- 
ing, preceding  and  following  the  holiday  sea- 
son, stages  to  Republic  Camp  could  not  accom- 
modate all  of  those  who  \\>ere  anxious  to  be- 
come passengers  to  the  new  town.  The  place 
was  fairly  well  supplied  with  hotels  and  lodging 
houses,  yet  it  was  found  impossible  to  care  for 
all  the  new  arrivals.  Tents  were  utilized  for 
sleeping  apartments;  they  were  filled  to  over- 
flowing. 

Early  in  August,.  1898,  Edward  Boyce, 
then  president  of  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners,  with  headquarters  at  Butte,  Montana, 
arrived  in  Republic  Camp.  Thursday  evening, 
August  1 1,  he  organized  a  miners'  union.  This 
meeting  was  held  at  the  school-house  and  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


well  attended.  Officers  of  this  local  union 
chosen  were:  Michael  Callahan,  president; 
William  Pierce,  financial  secretary;  William 
Calder,  treasurer.  The  minimum  of  miners' 
wages  was  fixed  at  $3.50  per  day. 

During  the  month  of  March,  1899,  there 
was  a  great  activity  in  building  operations. 
Store  buildings  and  private  residences  went  up 
by  the  score.  Town  lots  sold  readily  and  at 
good  prices.  It  was  an  era  of  general  pros- 
perity for  the  camp. 

Initial  steps  toward  the  organization  of  a 
fire  department  in  Republic  were  taken  Satur- 
day, March  18,  1899.  A  mass  meeting  was  held 
in  Keek's  Hall,  where  it  was  decided  to  organ- 
ize the  fire-fighting  force  immediately.  The 
town  was  built  almost  entirely  of  wood,  and  in 
compact  form,  and  the  necessity  for  protection 
was  realized  by  every  one.  The  meeting  was 
adjourned  to  assemble  on  the  Mondoy  evening 
following,  at  which  time  the  fire  company  was 
duly  organized  by  the  election  of  Burt  Machley, 
chief,  and  Fred  M.  Wells,  assistant  chief. 
Frank  Keck  was  named  as  treasurer,  and  O.  M. 
Rose,  James  Whipps,  and  C.  C.  Woodhouse, 
Jr.,  composed  an  executive  committee.  The 
chief  and  assistant  chief  were  named  as  fire  com- 
missioners and  clothed  with  authority  to  adopt 
such  measures  as  were  considered  necessary  to 
safeguard  the  town  against  fire.  It  was  de- 
cided to  purchase  a  chemical  extinguisher,  hose- 
cart,  ladders  and  other  fire-fighting  apparatus 
at  once,  and  subscriptions  were  solicited  to  de- 
fray the  expense.  Within  a  week  the  sum  of 
$800  was  realized.  Following  are  the  names  of 
the  members  of  the  company  at  the  period  of  its 
organization :  H.  T.  Meyers,  J.  A.  McDonald, 
F.  M.  Jeffery,  Fred  M.  Wells,  C.  C.  Wood- 
house,  D.  E.  Walter,  P.  R.  Burke,  M.  E.  Jes- 
seph,  James  Whipps,  B.  W.  Borsan,  D.  M. 
Yeargin,  A.  C.  Cook,  H.  L.  Percy,  J.  K.  Orr, 
Peter  McPherson,  M.  W.  A.  Miner,  John  Stan- 
ley, J.  E.  Wagerley,  Frank  Truax,  O.  M.  Rose, 
J.  M.  Galvin,  G.  R.  Beard,  C.  M.  Keene,  Julius 
Pfefferle,  W.   S.  Perkins,  R.   Mulroy,  G.  H. 

27 


Ellis,  George  Umbach,  J.  A.  McEvry,  B.  S. 
Harris,  E.  A.  Mackley,  James  Duggan,  J.  T. 
Sullivan,  Thomas  McKinsley,  B.  F.  Keck, 
Henry  Hatke,  H.  H.  Fritz,  T.  B.  Walsh,  W. 
H.  Moore,  E.  R.  Cleveland,  W.  C.  Morris. 

A  fire-house  was  at  once  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  $200.  Early  the  following  May  the 
company  was  reorganized  and  the  following 
officers  elected:  H.  L.  Percy,  president ;  F.  M. 
Jeffery,  vice-president;  F.  M.  Wells,  chief; 
Richard  Swan,  assistant  chief;  B.  F.  Keck, 
treasurer;  M.  E.  Jesseph,  secretary.  Messrs. 
Percy,  Woodhouse  and  Yeargin  were  selected 
as  trustees.  This  new  fire  department  was 
largely  volunteer,  although  the  chief  was  paid 
a  small  sum  for  duties  which  were  imposed 
upon  him  by  the  city  council.  The  apparatus 
consisted  of  two  chemical  engines,  hose-cart 
and  one  thousand  feet  of  hose,  a  hook  and  lad- 
der truck  and  a  supply  of  ladders,  trucks,  ropes 
and  other  apparatus.  The  material  was,  and  is 
now,  housed  in  a  two-story  building  on  Clark 
avenue.  A  portion  of  the  upper  story  is  used 
for  the  city  clerk's  office  and  council  chamber. 
In  the  first  ward  of  the  city,  known  as  North 
Republic,  there  is,  also,  a  neat  fire-hall.  Clark 
avenue  is  provided  with  seven  hydrants  sup- 
plied from  a  140,000-gallon  tank  located  135 
feet  above  the  street,  which  is  a  portion  of  the 
system  of  the  Curlew  Mining  Company,  which 
supplies  water  for  domestic  purposes. 

The  spring  of  1899  witnessed  a  depression 
in  labor  circles.  There  was  a  serious  underly- 
ing cause  for  this.  Widespread  notoriety  of 
Republic  Camp  had  excited  considerable  inter- 
est throughout  the  state,  and  in  other  states 
adjoining.  It  was  recognized  every  where  as 
one  of  the  richest  mining  centers  in  the  country, 
and  this  fact  precipitated  an  unusual  rush  to 
this  locality  early  in  the  spring.  As  a  conse- 
quence of  this  influx  of  workingmen  the  labor 
market  became  congested.  While  contiguous 
mines  were  being  rapidly  developed,  affording 
employment  to  many  men,  it  was  estimated  in 
April,  1899,  that  there  were  fully  two  men  for 


4i8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


every  "one-man"  job.  As  a  result  there  were 
many  idlers  in  camp;  every  stage  brought  in 
more. 

The  first  disastrous  fire  in  Republic  Camp 
occurred  Saturday  morning,  June  3,  1899.  One 
hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  property 
was  destroyed.  The  recently  reorganized  fire 
department  did  good  service  in  fighting  this 
calamity,  but  it  was  seriously  handicapped 
through  lack  of  apparatus.  At  this  period  there 
was  not  adequate  system  of  waterworks.  Two 
chemical  engines  of  55  gallons  each,  which  had 
been  ordered  by  the  department,  had  not  ar- 
rived. Dynamite  was  the  principal  weapon 
employed  in  fighting  the  flames.  At  6 130  a.  m. 
smoke  was  observed  pouring  from  the  rear 
windows  of  the  Spiggle  building,  on  the  west 
side  of  Clark  avenue,  and  in  the  center  of  the 
business  portion  of  the  town.  Soon  after  the 
alarm  was  sounded  flames  burst  forth  and  be- 
gan eating  their  way  along  the  roofs  and  sides 
of  the  structure.  Dozens  of  men  immediately 
rushed  to  the  scene  and  began  a  fierce  contest 
with  the  flames  for  the  preservation  of  life  and 
property.  Within  an  hour  and  three-quarters 
all  the  buildings  on  the  west  side  of  Clark  ave- 
nue, from  the  lodging  house  of  Mrs.  Davis  to 
Seventh  street,  were  wiped  out.  The  buildings 
on  the  east  side  of  the  avenue  suffered  a  less 
serious  fate.  Those  that  were  burned  were  the 
Montana  saloon,  the  Dewey,  W^alter's  drug 
store,  two  restaurants  adjoining,  and  the  large 
log  building  occupied  by  Ira  Black  as  a  saloon. 
Other  buildings  on  the  east  side  suffered  dam- 
aged fronts.  Owing  to  heroic  efforts  on  the 
part  of  the  firemen,  and  a  favorable  wind, 
the  flames  did  not  sweep  the  entire  block. 
Members  of  the  fire  department  were  early  at 
work  doing  their  best  to  tear  down  the  shacks 
south  of  the  bank.  At  the  same  time  the  entire 
population  was  out  assisting  in  removing  goods. 
While  the  flames  rapidly  swept  away  the 
Spiggle  building,  the  bank  was  being  emptied 
of  its  contents.     All  valuable  papers,  the  cash 


and  book  accounts  were  soon  at  what  was  con- 
sidered a  safe  distance  from  the  fire. 

The  Eureka  News  Company's  building  was 
the  next  to  succumb  to  the  flames.  Some  of  the 
goods  were  removed  but  a  heavy  stock  had  to 
be  abandoned.  Ten  minutes  from  the  inception 
of  the  fire  the  bank  building  was  a  wreck,  and 
the  fire  swept  onward  south.  So  intense  was 
the  heat  that  it  was  soon  apparent  nothing  could 
be  done  to  save  the  buildings  on  that  side  of  the 
avenue,  and  attention  was  directed  to  saving 
those  on  the  other  side.  The  three-story  build- 
ing of  Woodhouse  &  Wells  was  saved,  as  was 
also  the  ofBce  building  adjoining.  Meanwhile 
the  fire  was  sweeping  southward,  consuming 
everything  in  its  course.  A  building  adjoining 
the  hospital  was  blown  up  with  dynamite,  but 
the  expected  good  effect  was  not  apparent.  At 
6 :50  o'clock  the  hospital  building  was  in  flames. 
Threlkeld  Brothers'  stock  of  goods  was  saved 
in  part,  but  fully  two-thirds  of  the  contents  of 
the  room  was  abandoned.  The  law  ofifice  of 
W.  C.  Morris,  adjoining,  was  emptied  of  its 
contents  in  time  to  save  them.  The  next  build- 
ing to  go  was  a  new  one  adjoining,  occupied  by 
G.  V.  Alexander  as  a  law  office,  and  McKenzie, 
the  tailor.  A  moment  later  George  Brady's 
store  was  enveloped  in  flames.  This  was  a  log 
building.  But  a  small  portion  of  the  goods 
were  removed.  A  light  but  increasing  breeze 
had  sprung  up ;  the  flames  were  carried  high  in 
the  air,  and  across  Sixth  street.  H.  L.  Percy's 
house  was  ablaze  by  7  o'clock.  While  it  was 
being  rapidly  consumed  a  charge  of  dynamite 
was  placed  within  and  it  was  blown  to  atoms  in 
the  hope  of  checking  this  terrible  calamity. 
But  the  effort  proved  useless;  by  this  time  the 
fire  was  burning  more  fiercely  than  ever.  The 
little  frame  building  occupied  by  Dodson,  the 
barber,  Peter  McPherson  and  Mr.  Peterson 
as  offices,  and  the  buildings  in  the  rear  used  by 
Manard,  the  real  estate  agent,  and  Scotty's 
Union  Cafe,  were  quickly  reduced  to  ashes. 

Jumping  a  vacant  lot  south  of  Percy's  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


419 


fire  commenced  to  feed  on  Harris  &  Company's 
saloon  building.  Within  five  minutes  it  was 
completely  enveloped,  and  Keek's  two-story 
building  was  food  for  flames.  Heat  from  these 
buildings  ignited  the  Montana  across  the  way. 
With  this  start  on  the  east  side  it  was  only  two 
minutes  before  the  Dewey  saloon  was  on  fire. 
To  a  similar  fate  succumbed  Walter's  dry  goods 
store,  Simpson's  fruit  store,  the  New  York 
and  Spokane  restaurants,  and  Umbach  &  Mar- 
shall's barber  shop.  Adjoining  the  latter  place 
was  a  large  log  building,  unoccupied ;  it  was 
consumed.  There  being  no  other  buildings 
near,  the  fire  exhausted  itself  on  that  side  of  the 
avenue. 

Adjoining  Keek's  was  P.  Riordan's  Butte 
saloon;  then  Gerald  &  Bciggy's  Vienna  cafe, 
Hollingsworth  &  McCutcheon's  Imperial  bak- 
ery, and  McMillan  &  Maschke's  Manila  saloon. 
All  these  places  were  rapidly  burned  out,  but 
being  located  some  distance  from  where  the 
fire  originated  much  of  the  stock  had  been  re- 
moved. The  succeeding  building  to  be  blown 
up  was  the  Coeur  d'Alene  saloon.  It  was  hoped 
and  expected  that  this  would  save  the  Republic 
Trading  Company's  building  and  stock.  The 
fire  kept  on  its  course,  however,  and  it  was  de- 
cided to  dynamite  the  latter  structure.  It  was 
shattered  to  fragments;  the  flames  completed 
the  work  of  destruction.  There  being  vacant 
land  on  the  south  side  of  this  edifice,  here  the 
flames  were  checked  and  the  rest  of  the  town 
saved. 

At  that  period  only  a  few  of  the  business 
men  of  the  town  carried  insurance.  So  high 
was  the  rate  that  it  was  almost  prohibitive. 
The  heaviest  loser  was  the  Republic  Trading 
Company.  They  carried  a  $25,000  stock  of 
goods,  about  one-half  of  which  was  saved  in 
the  fireproof  cellars  of  the  store.  Loss  on  the 
building  was  $4,000,  with  no  insurance.  B.  F. 
Keck  lost  $4,000  on  stock  and  the  same  on  the 
building.  Fully  $8,000  worth  of  stock  from  his 
store  was  saved.  B.  F.  Harris  &  Company 
suffered  a  total  loss  of  $2,500.    L.  H.  Mason's 


building,  which  was  totally  destroyed,  was  val- 
ued at  $2,000.  Patrick  Riordan's  loss  was 
heavy — about  $5,000.  The  Manila  proprietors 
saved  most  of  their  stock  and  fixtures.  This 
building  and  the  one  adjoining  were  owned  by 
Albert  Biezel,  and  his  loss  was  $6,500.  H.  L. 
Percy  saved  considerable  furniture,  but  his  loss 
totaled  $4,500,  partly  covered  by  insurance. 
George  Brady's  loss  was  $2,500,  as  was  also 
that  of  Threlkeld  Brothers,  although  some 
goods  from  the  latter  store  were  saved.  All  the 
papers,  accounts,  funds,  etc.,  of  the  Republic 
bank  were  saved.  This  was  one  of  the  lucky 
firms  that  carried  insurance.  The  Eureka  News 
Company  had  an  insurance  of  $3,000  to  cover 
a  loss  of  $5,000.  S.  Burnett,  the  jeweler,  saved 
most  of  his  stock.  S.  I.  Spiggle  lost  heavily. 
He  and  Dr.  Stone  had  barely  time  to  escape, 
saving  but  little  of  their  personal  effects.  Dr. 
Boswick  and  E.  F.  Gannon,  occupying  an  ad- 
joining room,  were  in  bed  when  the  fire  was 
discovered.  They  escaped  with  only  a  portion 
of  their  wardrobe.  James  T.  Johnson  was 
asleep  in  another  room  and  had  barely  time  to 
escape,  with  the  loss  of  his  wardrobe,  money 
and  many  valuable  books.  Deputy  Auditor 
Curry  saved  all  of  his  papers.  The  loss  of  Mr. 
Ediams  on  his  building  was  $2,500.  Brown  & 
Mitchell  lost  heavily.  On  the  east  side  of  Clark 
avenue  D.  E.  Walter  saved  two-thirds  of  his 
stock,  and  carried  insurance  of  $1,700.  Reg- 
jovich  &  Kelly,  of  the  Spokane  restaurant,  were 
losers  to  the  amount  of  $300.  Mr.  Carter 
owned  the  furniture,  worth  $500.  The  loss 
of  Simpson  &  Company  was  $4,000  on  stock 
and  buildings.  Mrs.  Fostick,  of  the  New  York, 
lost  everything.  The  Dewey  and  Montana 
saloons  were  heavy  losers.  The  Montana  build- 
ing was  owned  by  G.  M.  Sterling  and  his  loss 
was  $2,000.  By  reason  of  the  dynamite  explo- 
sions Dr.  Morris  lost  considerable. 

Fully  one-half  of  the  business  portion  of 
Republic  Camp  was  laid  in  ashes,  but  severe  as 
were  the  losses,  and  while  it  was  a  great  blow  to 
the  town,  it  by  no  means  crushed  the  spirit  of 


420 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  people  who  had  interests  in  the  fire-swept 
districts.  Cinders  had  not  cooled  nor  had  the 
smoke  cleared  away  before  the  work  of  rebuild- 
ing commenced.  Tents  were  immediately 
pitched  and  from  these  the  stocks  of  goods  that 
had  been  saved  were  sold.  As  fast  as  building 
materials  could  be  procured  new  structures 
sprung  up  from  the  ashes  of  the  old  ones.  Re- 
public Camp  continued  to  thrive. 

In  October,  1899,  seventy-eight  citizens  of 
Republic  joined  in  a  petition  to  the  county  com- 
missioners asking  for  a  special  election  at  which 
to  vote  on  the  question  of  incorporating  Re- 
public Camp.  Not  having  complied  with  cer- 
tain legal  requirements  this  petition  was  denied. 
December  4  another  petition  was  presented, 
signed  by  seventy-four  qualified  citizens,  asking 
that  Republic  be  incorporated  as  a  city  of  the 
third  class.  The  limits  of  the  desired  incorpo- 
ration were  to  enclose  one  and  one-half  square 
miles.  Considerable  delay  ensued  in  securing 
favorable  action  on  this  matter.  The  proposed 
town  was  surveyed  and  the  surveyor  made  his 
report,  but  nothing  resulted.  February  5  an- 
other petition  was  laid  before  the  commissioners 
asking  for  incorporation.  Following  were  the 
desired  boundaries :  Beginning  at  the  original 
southwest  corner  of  section  35,  township  2)7 
North,  range  32  East,  W.  M.  (which  is  on  the 
ninth  standard  parallel),  thence  north  1,320 
feet  to  the  northwest  corner  of  proposed  city 
limits ;  thence  east  6,600  feet  along  a  line  paral- 
lel with  and  one-fourth  mile  north  of  said  ninth 
standard  parallel  to  the  northeast  corner  of  said 
city  limits ;  thence  south  7,200  feet  to  the  south- 
east corner  of  said  city  limits ;  thence  west  4,880 
feet  to  the  southwest  corner  of  said  city  limits, 
thence  north  to  the  crossing  of  Granite  Creek; 
thence  northerly  along  said  Granite  Creek  to 
the  mouth  of  Eureka  Creek;  thence  northerly 
along  said  Eureka  Creek  to  a  point  in  said  creek 
600  feet  south  of  said  ninth  standard  parallel; 
thence  west  about  800  feet  to  a  point  in  the 
section  line  between  sections  two  and  three  of 
township  36  N.,  range  32  East,  W.  M. ;  thence 


north  along  said  section  line  600  feet  to  the 
point  of  beginning.  Within  this  territory  at 
the  period  there  were  about  1,800  people. 

The  commissioners  granted  the  petition  and 
May  8,  1900,  was  the  date  named  for  the  special 
election  to  vote  on  the  proposition.  This  was 
followed  by  a  prolonged  and  heated  campaign. 
Three  tickets.  Republican,  Democratic  and  Citi- 
zens, were  in  the  field,  and  for  the  ofiice  of 
mayor  there  were  four  candidates,  J.  P.  De 
Mattos  running  independent.  Considerable 
opposition  was  manifested  against  incorpora- 
tion, and  the  balloting  was  close;  557  votes 
were  cast  and  of  these  283  w-ere  "for  incorpora- 
tion," leaving  only  the  slender  majority  of  nine 
in  favor  of  the  proposition.  As  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  record  of  the  vote  for  city 
officers,  this  election  was  punctuated  by  consid- 
erable "scratching:" 

Mayor — John  Stack,  Republican,  68 ;  L.  H. 
Mason,  Democrat,  153;  J.  P.  De  Mattos,  non- 
partisan, 100;  J.  J.  Sullivan,  Citizens,  230. 
Plurality  for  Sullivan,  yy. 

Treasurer — Louis  H.  Burnett,  Republican, 
142;  O.  S.  Stocker,  Democrat,  198;  Fredrick 
O.  Birney,  Citizens,  164.  Plurality  for 
Stocker,  34. 

City  Attorney — W.  C.  Brown,  Republican, 
98;  W.  T.  Beck,  Democrat,  237;  George  L. 
Palmer,  Citizens,  154.     Plurality  for  Beck,  83. 

County  Clerk — George  J.  Hurley,  Repub- 
lican, 252 ;  L.  E.  Jesseph,  Democrat,  90 ;  James 
B.  Duggan,  Citizens,  163.  Plurality  for  Hur- 
ley, 89. 

Health  Officer— Dr.  C.  F.  Webb,  Repub- 
lican, 213;  Dr.  A.  S.  Williams,  Citizens,  261. 
Plurality  for  Williams,  48. 

Of  the  councilmen  elected  the  majority 
were  on  the  Citizens"  ticket. 

The  winter  and  spring  of  1900  will  be  re- 
membered in  Republic  on  account  of  a  small- 
pox epidemic.  While  the  disease  was  of  a  mild 
type,  and  did  not  result  fatally  in  many  in- 
stances, expenses  incurred  by  the  county  footed 
up  into  the  thousands  of  dollars;  the  injury  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


421 


Republic's  business  interests  was  great.  Except 
when  absolutely  compelled  to  do  so,  people  did 
not  venture  out  upon  the  street;  stores  were 
comparatively  deserted  and  sales  fell  off  to  an 
alarming  extent.  Travel  was  practically  sus- 
pended. 

Early  Friday  morning,  August  3,  1900,  the 
old  town  of  North  Republic  suffered  quite  a 
severe  loss  from  fire;  six  buildings  were  de- 
stroyed— the  Home  lodging  house,  Bennett's 
assay  office,  Smithson  &  Phelps'  carpenter  shop, 
and  three  dwelling  houses.  The  upper,  or  old 
town,  was  not  at  this  time  supplied  with  sepa- 
rate fire  protection,  and  when  the  department 
arrived  from  the  lower  town,  the  flames  had 
gained  considerable  headway.  By  dint  of  hard 
work  the  lire  was  confined  to  these  buildings., 
and  the  rest  of  the  town  saved  from  destruction. 
The  loss  amounted  to  several  thousand  dollars, 
the  heaviest  loser  being  L.  J.  Snyder,  about 
$2,800. 

The  year  1901  witnessed  a  reversal  of  the 
"good  times"  in  Republic  Camp  which  had  gen- 
erally prevailed  since  the  founding  of  the  town. 
Business  was  at  a  low  ebb,  and  discouragement 
was  discernable  everywhere.  There  were  sev- 
eral causes  which  contributed  to  this  universal 
stagnation.  First,  there  was  the  partial  failure 
of  the  Republic  mill,  closely  followed  by  the 
complete  failure  of  a  custom  mill.  Then  came 
the  closing  down  of  the  Mountain  Lion  mill. 
Combined,  these  disheartening  events  were  the 
cause  of  the  depression.  Another  thing — al- 
most since  the  initial  location  of  the  camp  a 
railroad  had  yearly  been  expected,  and  the  fail- 
ure of  its  construction  exercised  a  deleterious 
effect  on  the  general  volume  of  business.  In 
July  the  closing  down  of  the  Republic  mill,  the 
pay-roll  of  which  for  several  months  had  been, 
practically,  the  sustaining  power  of  business  in 
the  camp,  was  a  severe  blow. 

May  13,  1901,  the  Republic  Mine  lodging 
house,  in  which  about  sixty  employes  of  the 
mine  lived,  and  the  bunk  house,  were  burned  to 
the  ground.    This  loss  was  $10,000,  covered  by 


$4,200  insurance.  Nearly  all  of  the  lodgers 
suffered  the  loss  of  their  personal  effects. 

During  the  summer  of  1901  the  city  under- 
took many  improvements.  Among  them  was 
street  grading.  In  August  a  disagreement 
arose  between  the  city  authorities  and  the  local 
labor  union  which  resulted  in  a  complete  tie-up 
of  the  business.  The  Republic  Pioneer  of 
August  17  said:  "The  city  of  Republic  looks 
as  though  a  Kansas  cyclone  had  struck  it.  Clark 
avenue  is  a  mass  of  boulders  and  lumber,  but  it 
was  not  wholly  wind  that  caused  it,  but  a  dis- 
agreement between  contractors  and  some  of 
their  employes  which  was  complicated  by  the 
men  being  called  out  by  the  labor  leaders.  The 
cause  of  the  misunderstanding  centered  in  the 
payment  of  the  men.  Laborers  were  paid  in 
city  warrants,  upon  which  they  realized  but 
95  cents  on  the  dollar.  It  was  claimed  by  the 
contractors  that  the  men  were  hired  with  the 
understanding  that  they  were  to  be  paid  in  war- 
rants. A  far  different  view  was  taken  of  the 
subject  by  the  laborers.  They  insisted  that, 
according  to  their  contracts,  union  men  only 
should  be  employed  at  union  wages,  and  this 
they  demanded.  It  was  refused;  the  strike  re- 
sulted. A  few  days  later  the  matter  was  ad- 
justed with  the  understanding  that  all  who 
wanted  cash  for  their  labor  instead  of  warrants 
could  have  it." 

A  Board  of  Trade,  with  a  membership  of 
sixty  business  men  of  Republic,  was  organized 
October  11,  1901.  The  initial  meeting  was 
enthusiastic.  Officers  elected  were:  J.  Roth- 
child,  president:  J.  F.  Travers,  Philip  Creaser 
and  A.  W.  Strong,  vice-presidents:  R.  W. 
Hunner,  secretary;  D.  E.  Walters,  treasurer. 
Trustees  selected  were :  :  J.  Johnson.  E.  J. 
Delbridge,  John  Stack,  F.  L.  Darrow  and  J. 
W.  McCann. 

The  general  depression  in  the  business  of 
Republic  resulting  from  the  closing  of  many 
of  the  mines  was  somewhat  overcome  during 
the  summer  of  1902.  Throughout  those  months 
hundreds  of  men  were  on  the  pay-rolls  of  the 


422 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


two  railroads  racing  for  entry  into  the  town, 
and  times  were  good.  But  with  the  completion 
of-these  lines  a  period  of  dullness  ensued.  Still, 
during  the  year  1903  there  was  rather  more 
activity  in  mining  than  there  had  been  for  sev- 
eral years  past. 

In  April,  1903,  Republic  was  visited  by  two 
serious  fires.  One  broke  out  in  the  residence 
and  hospital  of  Dr.  Burns.  The  fire  depart- 
ment promptly  responded  to  the  alarm  and 
worked  heroically,  but  such  headway  had  the 
flames  gained  that  it  was  impossible  to  save  the 
building.  While  this  fire  was  at  its  height 
smoke  was  discovered  issuing  from  the  base- 
ment of  the  Fritz  &  Duggan  building,  at  the 
corner  of  Clark  and  Delaware  avenues.  To 
this  point  were  then  directed  the  efforts  of  the* 
department,  and  the  flames  were  only  con- 
trolled after  they  had  completely  destroyed  the 
corner  building  and  wrecked  the  Simpson  and 
Eureka  News  Company's  buildings,  adjoining. 
Following  are  the  losses  with  the  insurance 
carried : 

Fritz  &  Duggan,  $11,500,  insurance  $7,000; 
Dr.  Arthur  Burns,  $6,200,  insurance  $2,000; 
Eureka  News  Company,  $5,000,  insurance 
$2,300;  Mr.  Simpson,  $2,500,  insurance 
$1,500;  G.  V.  Alexander,  $2,000,  insurance 
$500;  Mrs.  O.  T.  Hegland,  $1,200,  insurance 
$600;  different  lodges,  $1,500,  insurance  $300; 
sundry  damages,  $1,000.  Total  losses, 
$30,900,  insurance  $14,200. 

September  15,  1903,  a  rural  free  delivery 
was  established  from  Republic.  The  route  is 
twenty-five  and  one-eighth  miles  in  length  and 
covers  the  territory  in  the  vicinity  of  Curlew 
lake. 

A  very  creditable  showing  is  made  by  Re- 
public in  the  number  and  variety  of  its  fraternal 
societies.  Monday  evening.  February  20,  1899, 
Tenasket  Lodge  No.  7,  Improved  Order  of 
Red  Men,  was  instituted  with  the  following 
ofificers  :  James  Casey,  prophet ;  H.  E.  Stewart, 
sachem ;  Dr.  P.  P.  Causey,  senior  sagamore ; 
Burt  Cook,   junior  sagamore;   L.   H.   Mason, 


keeper  of  wampum;  John  Murphy,  chief  of 
records.  The  ceremony  was  conducted  by  B. 
L.  Harris,  deputy  grand  sachem  of  the  reserva- 
tion of  Washington.  Forty-five  were  enrolled 
as  members.  Although  this  lodge  gained  quite 
a  large  membership  in  early  days,  it  was  subse- 
quently disorganized  and  the  charter  surren- 
dered. 

August  I,  1899,  a  lodge  of  Independent  Or- 
der of  Odd  Fellows  was  organized  and  the  fol- 
loying  officers  installed :  G.  J.  Thompkins, 
N.  G. ;  J.  B.  Burns,  V.  G. ;  W.  P.  Hofstetter, 
recording  secretary;  Benjamin  J.  Bell,  financial 
secretary;  C.  A.  Coulson,  treasurer.  A  Re- 
bekah  lodge  was  organized  December  2"],  1899, 
with  a  membership  of  thirty-three.  The  origi- 
nal officers  were:  Mrs.  J.  B.  Burns,  Noble 
Grand;  Mrs.  A.  S.  Soule,  Vice  Grand;  Miss 
Nellie  Dawson,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs. 
J.  S.  Mires,  Financial  Secretary. 

Ferry  Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized 
in  Republic  in  November,  1899.  The  initial 
officers  Were:  L.  F.  Hart,  W.  M. ;  J.  W. 
Palmer,  S.  W. ;  A.  S.  Soule,  J.  W. ;  O.  S. 
Stocker,  secretary ;  S.  Rothchild,  treasurer ;  G. 
A.  Gorden.  S.  D. ;  J.  B.  Burns,  J.  D. ;  L.  H. 
Burnett,  senior  steward ;  J.  E.  Riter,  junior 
steward;  J.  P.  De  Mattos,  tyler;  G.  B.  Stock- 
ing, chaplain ;  J.  H.  May,  marshal.  The  charter 
was  not  received  until  the  following  summer. 

Republic  court  No.  48,  Foresters  of  Amer- 
ict,  was  organized  in  August,  1900,  with  the 
following  officers :  E.  S.  Hart,  D.  G.  C.  R. ; 
W.  J.  Jenkins,  J.  P.  C.  R. ;  J.  McKenzie,  C.  R. ; 
James  Whipps,  S.  C.  R. :  George  Wolverton, 
treasurer;  J.  C.  Co.x,  financial  secretary;  E.  J. 
Hanlan,  recording  secretary ;  J.  Herrington, 
captain  of  guards;  Charles  Snyder,  senior 
wood-ward;  Tony  Mack,  junior  wood-ward; 
H.  Bird,  senior  beadie ;  J.  F.  Sandocker,  junior 
beadie;  S.  A.  Nixon,  W.  McBride,  J.  W. 
O'Connell,  trustees;  court  physician.  This 
order  was  also  disorganized. 

The  comparatively  modern  order  of  Eagles 
is  represented  in  Republic.     An  aerie  was  or- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


423 


ganized  in  June,  1900,  with  seventy-five  mem- 
bers. The  first  officers  yere:  J.  J.  SulHvan, 
past  president;  Dr.  Arthur  Burns,  president; 
James  Whipps,  vice-president;  John  Cheney, 
chaplain;  J.  S.  Richardson,  conductor;  C.  P. 
McKenney,  secretary ;  Will  Janes,  inner  guard ; 
Thomas  Brennan,  outer  guard;  Dr.  A.  S.  Will- 
iams, physician;  W.  J.  Jenkins,  treasurer; 
Joseph  Taylor,  John  May  and  Thomas  Beck, 
trustees. 

Republic  lodge,  Woodmen  of  the  World, 
was  organized  in  April,  1900,  with  fifty-four 
members.  Officers  elected  were :  W.  T.  Beck, 
C.  C. ;  O.  P.  Moore,  past  C.  C. ;  T.  F.  Barrett, 
A.  L. ;  G.  L.  Curry,  clerk ;  J.  Hegland,  banker ; 
W.  A.  Atkin,  escort;  John  Bauer,  \vatchman; 
C.  H.  Baker,  manager;  John  Ritter,  David 
Chesney,  C.  H.  Baker,  trustees. 

March  19,  1900,  Calanthic  Lodge,  No.  118, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  was  organized  in  Republic, 
with  the  following  officers :  R.  W.  Hunner,  C. 
C. ;  C.  H.  Baker,  C.  A.  Clark,  J.  G.  Duggan, 
W.  C.  Otto,  P.  C's. ;  W.  T.  Beck,  V.  C. ;  F.  W. 
Bewley,  P.;  J.  J.  Sulhvan,  K.  of  R.  and  S.; 
J.  G.  Duggan,  M.  of  E. ;  L.  H.  Burnett,  M.  of 
F. ;  W.  C.  Otto,  M.  of  A. ;  A.  C.  Short,  Dr. 
A.  S.  Williams,  A.  C.  Biegle,  trustees;  D.  R. 
McLeod,  I.  G. ; Gugat,  O.  S. 

March  25,  1901,  a  lodge  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
was  organized  with  a  membership  of  twenty. 
At  the  succeeding  meeting  nearly  as  many  more 
were  admitted.  Officers  chosen  were:  G-  L. 
Palmer,  past  master  workman  ;  John  B.  Caplice, 
master  workman;  T.  M.  Hammond,  Jr.,  fore- 
man; Patrick  Mullaney,  overseer;  Fred  Bar- 
ton, guide;  O.  J.  Ogelbie,  recorder;  H.  H. 
Fritz,  financier ;  R.  D.  Williams,  inside  watch- 
man ;  Dennis  Klippinger,  outside  watchman ; 
Richard  H.  Mulroy,  James  McCarty,  Samuel 
Kerr,  trustees. 

A  branch  of  the  Western  Labor  Union  was 
organized  in  Republic  April  25.  1900,  with  a 
membership  of  twenty.  The  following  officers 
were  chosen :  C.  H.  Lincoln,  president ;  A. 
Case,  past  president ;  J.  R.  Carleton,  vice-presi- 


dent; C.  E.  Calhoun,  treasurer;  T.  Valley, 
financial  secretary;  C.  T.  Hill,  guard.  This 
union  absorbed  all  classes  of  labor  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  miners,  who  had  a  separate 
organization. 

A  camp  of  Modern  Woodmen  of  America 
was  organized  in  1901. 

August  8,  1 901,  there  was  organized  in 
Republic  a  lodge  of  the  Fraternal  Army  of 
America,  with  a  membership  of  twenty.  The 
officers  elected  were:  Charles  Kohrdt,  cap- 
tain; W.  H.  Murphy,  lieutenant;  A.  S.  Soule, 
adjutant;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Robinson,  chaplain;  Mrs. 
O'Keefe,  quartermaster;  C.  F.  Webb,  surgeon; 
Mrs.  Louise  Cook,  inner  picket;  Miss  Mary 
McConnell,  outer  picket;  Mrs.  A.  S.  Soule, 
Mrs.  J.  S.  Mires  and  Mrs.  Thompson,  trustees. 

The  following  lodges  not  mentioned  before 
are  in  existence  today  with  the  exception  of  the 
Royal  Neighbors,  and  have  been  working  here 
successfully  for  several  years:  Women  of 
Woodcraft,  Eastern  Lily  Circle,  No.  461,  or- 
ganized April  5,  1902.  Order  Eastern  Star, 
Ramona  Chapter,  No.  74,  organized  in  August, 
1902;  G.  A.  R.,  Captain  Belden  Spencer  Post, 
organized  in  1900;  Royal  Neighbors  of  Amer- 
ica, organized  in  November,  1903. 

Aside  from  the  labor  unions  before  men- 
tioned there  are  the  Liquor  Dealers'  Protective 
Association;  Barbers,  Carpenters  and  Joiners, 
and  Trades  Council.  Labor  is  well  organized 
in  Republic,  and  is  controlled  by  conservative 
and  progressive  men  who  have,  as  a  rule, 
worked  hand  in  hand  with  the  mine  owners  and 
business  men  for  the  advancement  of  the  com- 
munity. 


With  the  opening  of  the  "South  Half"  of 
the  Colville  Indian  reservation  to  mineral  entry 
in  the  summer  of  1898,  and  the  rush  of  miners 
into  the  heretofore  forbidden  territory,  a  small 
town  made  its  appearance  on  the  Sans  Poil 
river  at  a  point  about  six  miles  north  of  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Columbia.    It  was  named  Kel- 


424 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ler  in  honor  of  its  pioneer  merchant,  J.  C.  Kel- 
ler. Immediately  upon  the  opening  Mr.  Keller, 
who  was  in  the  general  merchandise  business 
at  Almira,  a  little  town  in  Lincoln  county,  took 
a  stock  of  goods  on  to  the  reservation  and  es- 
tablished a  store  at  the  present  site  of  the  town. 
Several  locations  which  promised  to  develop 
into  rich  mines  had  been  "spotted"  long  before 
the  territory  was  thrown  open  to  lawful  entry 
by  white  men.  At  the  time  of  the  rush  to  the 
"South  Half"  these  claims  were  taken  up ;  the 
new  town  at  once  became  the  central  supply 
point  for  the  whole  of  the  "South  Half." 

In  this  new  town  Mr.  Keller  was  not  long 
without  opposition.  Shortly  afterward  F.  E. 
Wannocott  and  Farr  Brothers  established  gen- 
eral stores,  the  latter  firm  soon  selling  out  to 
George  W.  Spence,  the  present  clerk  of  Ferry 
county.  Other  enterprises  soon  made  their 
appearance.  Within  a  few  weeks  a  thriving 
town  was  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Sans  Foil 
river.  Although  the  "South  Half"  was  not 
opened  until  June  30,  we  find  early  in  August, 
in  addition  to  the  three  general  stores  already 
mentioned,  a  saloon  conducted  by  Daniel  P. 
Bagnell,  three  restaurants,  a  barber  shop,  a 
recorder's  office,  two  assay  offices  and  a  black- 
smith shop.  The  erection  of  a  hotel  and  livery 
stable  were  also  contemplated  at  this  time. 
Two  daily  stage  lines  were  in  operation  between 
Keller  and  towns  on  the  Central  Washington 
Railroad,  through  Lincoln  county.  The  hum 
of  industry  was  heard  in  the  new  town  and 
business  affairs  were  prosperous.  There  was  a 
lively  movement  in  real  estate. 

But  over  this  scene  there  suddenly  swept  a 
radical  and  alarming  change.  By  order  of  the 
Interior  Department  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
United  States  marshals,  in  August,  moved 
down  upon  the  town.  The  saloon-keeper,  Bag- 
nell, was  arrested,  taken  to  Wilbur  and  his 
stock  of  liquors  and  cigars  confiscated.  The 
other  business  men  were  compelled  to  close  their 
stores  until  they  had  procured  a  trader's  license. 
Bagnell's  arrest  was  followed  by  the  apprehen- 


sion of  County  Attorney  H.  G.  Kirkpatrick, 
charged  with  the  introduction  of  liquor  upon 
Indian  lands,  because  it  had  been  upon  his  ad- 
vice that  a  saloon  license  had  been  granted  to 
Bagnell.  Kirkpatrick  and  Bagnell  were  tried 
before  Judge  Hanford,  of  the  United  States  cir- 
cuit court.  His  decision  was  rendered  Septem- 
ber 22d,  discharging  the  defendants. 

This  decision  was  of  vital  importance  to 
the  town  of  Keller  and  the  whole  of  the  "South 
Half"  of  the  reservation.  It  practically  opened 
that  portion  of  the  reservation  to  business  men 
who  formerly  had  been  completely  barred  out, 
or,  if  admitted,  were  compelled  to  deposit  a 
$10,000  bond  with  the  government.  Judge 
Hanford's  ruling  was  made  upon  the  plea  of 
Attorney  Robertson  that,  by  the  act  of  congress, 
passed  July  i,  1898,  the  "South  Half"  of  the 
Colville  reservation  ceased  to  be  Indian  country. 
The  act  provided,  among  other  things,  "that 
the  mineral  lands  in  the  Colville  reservation 
shall  be  subject  to  entry  under  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  in  relation  to  the  entry  of  mineral 
lands."  Basing  his  plea  upon  this  provision. 
Attorney  Robertson  argued  that  as  Bagnell  had 
fully  complied  with  the  laws  relating  to  the  min- 
eral land  locations  the  seizure  of  his  stock  of 
liquors  and  his  indictment,  together  with  that  of 
Kirkpatrick,  were  illegal.  After  referring  to 
the  act  passed  by  congress  which  opened  the 
country  in  question  to  mineral  locations,  the 
plea  recited  in  brief  that  a  large  number  of 
miners  and  locators  immediately  went  upon  the 
land,  discovering  and  filing  upon  valuable  min- 
eral deposits  and  engaging  in  various  mercan- 
tile pursuits.  These  locations  were  made  upon 
the  Sans  Foil  river,  between  Republic  and  Wil- 
bur, at  the  village  known  as  Keller.  In  that 
locality  William  Meidking  located  and  filed  on 
a  mineral  claim  July  2,  1898.  Bagnell  leased 
from  Meidking  the  right  to  go  upon  the  claim, 
which  was  known  as  the  "Sweet  Alice,"  and  es- 
tablish his  business.  He  procured  from  Deputy 
Internal  Revenue  Collector  Paul  Sreobach,  a 
license  and  commission  and  proceeded  to  open 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


425 


tip  his  saloon  for  trade.  The  plea  of  Attorney 
Robertson  in  conclusion  said: 

"That  by  reason  of  said  location,  as  afore- 
said, the  right  and  title  of  the  Indians  of  the 
Colville  Indian  reservation  to  the  said  land 
and  mining  claim  ceased,  and  was  abolished, 
and  they  had  no  rights  of  occupancy  to  said 
land ;  but  that  on  the  contrary,  this  affident,  as 
the  lessee  of  the  said  Meidking,  was  entitled  to 
the  exclusive  and  undisturbed  possession  and 
occupancy  of  the  same,  and  the  same  was,  by 
act  of  congress,  excluded  from  the  non-inter- 
course laws  of  the  United  States,  and  the  same 
is  not  Indian  country.  That  the  said  goods, 
merchandise  and  liquors  were  not  put  on  the 
said  mining  claim,  and  the  said  claim  was  not 
located  until  after  the  said  act  of  congress,  and 
at  the  time  the  goods  were  seized  they  were 
not  in  Indian  country." 

Formerly  it  had  been  necessary  to  give  a 
government  bond  for  $10,000  before  any  busi- 
ness house  could  open  on  the  "South  Half," 
and  even  when  these  conditions  had  been  fully 
complied  with  the  agents  held  power  to  regulate 
the  business  in  various  ways,  and  at  times  in- 
volving the  use  of  considerable  red  tape.  This 
restrictive  condition  of  affairs  deterred  many 
persons  from  engaging  in  a  profitable  business 
in  this  locality.  The  rule  applied  alike  to  large 
and  small  concerns,  a  barber  shop  being  com- 
pelled to  furnish  the  same  bond  as  a  clothing 
store.  Following  this  decision  it  became  pos- 
sible for  any  one  to  begin  business  on  any 
properly  located  claim.  The  authority  of  the 
Indian  agent  still  applied  to  the  acts  of  Indians 
on  the  reservation,  but  he  was  no  longer  czar 
of  the  "South  Half." 

Business  was  at  once  resumed  in  the  new 
town,  and  in  November  we  find  that  there  were 
in  Keller  the  following  commercial  establish- 
ments :  three  general  stores,  two  lodging  houses. 
a  feed  stable,  blacksmith  shop  and  butcher  shop. 
About  twenty  cabins  were  in  course  of  construc- 
tion. The  years  1899  and  1900  were  pros- 
perous ones  for  Keller.    Mines  were  being  de- 


veloped which  afforded  employment  for  many 
men.  During  these  years  the  town  reached  a 
population  of  about  six  hundred. 

Late  in  1899  ^  scheme  was  put  on  foot  to 
remove  the  town  to  a  site  about  one-half  mile 
north  of  its  present  location.  The  object  of  this 
manipulation  was  to  secure  a  townsite  where 
clear  title  could  be  had  for  the  land.  The  land 
upon  which  Keller  stands  has  never  been 
patented,  and  consequently  the  citizens  could 
claim  only  "squatters'  rights,"  to  the  ground 
upon  which  they  lived.  To  prosecute  the  new 
scheme  the  Keller  Development  Company  was 
organized  in  which  were  interested  A.  C.  Little, 
Seymore  H.  Bell,  Thurston  Daniels  and  others. 
This  company  secured  a  patented  claim  to  the 
proposed  townsite  and  December  9,  1899,  the 
town  of  Keller  was  platted  and  dedicated.  The 
business  men  of  the  town  fell  in  with  the  plan, 
and  decided  to  remove  their  goods  and  house- 
hold effects  to  the  new  site.  A  saw  mill  was 
built  by  the  company  in  the  new  town,  the 
streets  were  graded  and  many  other  improve- 
ments made.  A  number  of  town  lots  were  sold 
to  the  people  of  the  old  town,  and  everything 
was  in  readiness  for  the  "trek,"  when  a  dis- 
agreement arose  between  the  new  townsite  com- 
pany and  the  business  men  of  the  old  town ;  the 
removal  was  never  made. 

The  only  fire  of  a  serious  nature  that  has 
ever  visited  the  town  of  Keller  occurred  Au- 
gust 15,  1 90 1.  The  general  mercantile  store 
of  E.  B.  Maguire,  which  had  been  purchased 
from  George  W.  Spence  only  a  few  days  before, 
burned  to  the  ground,  entailing  a  severe  loss 
but  partly  covered  by  insurance. 

At  present  Keller  is  a  town  of  about  350 
inhabitants.  It  is  handsomely  located  on  a 
bench,  about  forty  feet  above  the  Sans  Foil 
river,  and  is  an  ideal  spot  for  a  townsite  loca- 
tion. Excellent  wagon  roads  connect  the  town 
with  Republic,  forty-nine  miles  to  the  north, 
and  with  Wilbur,  twenty-one  miles  to  the  south. 
Daily  stages  run  between  Keller  and  Wilbur, 
and  three  times  a  week  Columbia  river  steam- 


426 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ers  plying  between  Wenatchee  and  northern 
points  stop  at  the  landing  at  the  mouth  of  tlie 
Sans  poil  river.  This  landing  is  known  as 
Clark  postoffice,  and  has  an  eating  house  for 
the  accommodation  of  steamer  passengers. 
There  are  now  in  Keller  two  general  merchan- 
dise stores  owned  by  W.  L.  Murphy  and  C.  A. 
Gray,  two  hotels,  two  butcher  shops,  two  sa- 
loons, and  a  saw  mill.  W.  L.  Murphy  is  post- 
master. 

At  Keller  and  in  its  immediate  vicinity  are 
a  number  of  fine  mining  properties  which  have 
been  developed  to  a  considerable  degree,  and  all 
of  which  have  shipped  ore  to  some  extent.  The 
principal  properties  are  the  group  owned  by  the 
Silver  Creek  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  of 
which  Gold  Cord  and  the  Summit  mine  are  the 
best  known.  Other  mines  near  Keller  are  the 
Manila,  Iconoclast,  the  Byrne  group.  Justice, 
Black  Crystal  and  properties  owned  by  the  Lor- 
raine Copper  Mining  Company. 

The  flattering  ntining  prospects  in  this 
camp,  and  throughout  the  "South  Half"  coun- 
try have  interested  capital  in  the  formation  of  a 
company  which  proposes  to  build  a  smelter,  to 
be  located  one-quarter  of  a  mile  below  the 
town.  The  name  of  this  organization  is  the 
Keller  &  Indiana  Consolidated  Smelting  Com- 
pany, capitalized  at  $5,000,000,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers:  R.  L.  Boyle,  of  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  president;  H.  A.  Denton,  of  Keller, 
vice  president:  J.  F.  Reed,  of  Indianapolis, 
secretary;  B.  M.  Boyle,  of  Indiana,  assistant 
secretary.  Trustees  of  the  company  are  R.  L. 
Boyle,  H.  A.  Denton,  J.  F.  Reed,  of  Indianap- 
olis, H.  Hildebrandt,  of  Indianapolis,  and  J.  F. 
Badger,  of  Tacoma.  Already  the  company  has 
constructed  a  bridge  and  flume  from  the  mouth 
of  Silver  Creek,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  above 
the  town,  to  the  proposed  location  of  the  smel- 
ter below  the  townsite.  It  is  e.xpected  that  the 
erection  of  the  plant  will  follow  immediately. 

ORIENT. 

In  1902  a  syndicate  of  business  men  formed 


an  oranization  known  as  the  Orient  Improve- 
ment Company  with  the  intention  of  platting 
and  establishing  a  town  in  the  Pierre  Lake  and 
Kettle  River  mining  districts.  The  townsite 
was  selected  at  a  point  on  the  Kettle  River  and 
the  Washington  &  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
midway  between  Marcus  and  the  International 
Boundary  line,  where  the  railroad  company  had 
established  a  station  called  Dulwich.  The 
"station"  consisted  simply  of  a  sign  board. 

The  name  "Orient"  was  selected  for  the 
proposed  new  town,  after  the  Orient  mine, 
which  is  in  the  vicinity.  The  first  building 
erected  was  put  up  by  P.  H.  McCarthy  in  the 
fall  of  1902,  and  this  was  immediately  followed 
by  the  Miners"  Supply  Company's  store  build- 
ing, R.  H.  Evans'  store  building,  Mrs.  A. 
Bryant's  restaurant  and  the  office  of  the  Kettle 
River  Journal. 

April  22,  1903,  the  town  of  Orient  was 
platted  by  the  Orient  Improvement  Company, 
whose  officers  are  Alex.  A.  Anderson,  presi- 
dent, O.  G.  Barnard,  vice  president,  R.  C. 
Richardson,  secretary  and  treasurer,  \^^  J. 
Styles  and  D.  W.  Shea,  directors.  Although 
the  youngest  town  in  the  county.  Orient,  owing 
to  the  natural  resources  of  the  country  in  the 
vicinity,  has  made  considerable  progress  and  to- 
day has  a  population  of  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty.  There  are  two  general  stores,  a  hotel, 
restaurant,  newspaper,  meat  market,  blacksmith 
shop,  saw  and  planing  mills.  The  town  is 
situated  in  the  midst  of  an  auspicious  mining 
and  lumbering  district,  and  agricultural  pur- 
suits are  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent. 
Exports  from  Orient  are  ore,  lumber,  hay.  oats, 
wood  and  mining  timber.  George  H.  Temple 
is  postmaster.  There  are  excellent  school 
facilities.  With  the  development  of  the  mines 
in  the  vicinity  of  Orient  the  prospects  of  the 
town  will  be  the  brightest.  There  are  few 
places  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  combination  of 
mining,  lumbering  and  agricultural  industries, 
and  it  would  seem  that  the  three  are  destined  to 
greatly  favor  the  new  town  of  Orient. 


CURLEW   LAKE.   FERRY  COUNTY. 


SANS  FOIL   FALLS  OF  THE  SANS  FOIL  RIVER.   FERRY  COUNTY.   DURING  HIGH  WATER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


427 


Curlew  is  a  small  village  situated  twenty 
miles  north  of  Republic,  on  the  Washington  & 
Great  Northern  and  Kettle  Valley  railroads. 
It  is,  also,  on  Kettle  River  and  Curlew  Creek, 
the  latter  emptying  into  Kettle  River  at  this 
point. 

Many  years  prior  to  the  advent  of  white 
men  in  the  Colville  reservation  the  Indians 
operated  a  flat-boat  ferry  at  this  place.  Start- 
ing their  craft  at  a  point  above  the  eddy  of  the 
Kettle  river  the  red  men  would  allow  their 
boat  to  be  carried  down  stream,  and  at  a  con- 
venient spot,  by  the  use  of  paddles,  would 
dextrously  swing  the  boat  to  the  desired  land- 
ing. Beyond  a  doubt  it  was  due  to  the  fact 
of  the  location  of  the  old  ferry  here  that  the  site 
was  selected  for  a  town.  In  the  autumn  of 
1896,  a  few  months  following  the  opening  of 
the  "North -Half"  of  the  reservation  to  mineral 
entry,  G.  S.  Helphry,  a  Spokane  real  estate 
dealer,  and  Mr.  Walters,  a  merchant  of  Daven- 
port, Lincoln  county,  Washington,  rented  a  log 
cabin  from  an  Indian  on  the  present  site  of  the 
town  and  established  here  a  general  mercantile 
store.  Their  stock  of  goods  at  first  was  limited, 
but  the  rush  of  prospectors  to  the  reservation 
contributed  to  the  upbuilding  of  a  good 
business.  From  this  store  and  others  which 
were  opened  in  the  new  town  later  merchandise 
was  supplied  to  the  prospectors  on  Eureka 
Creek,  where  is  now  the  town  of  Republic,  and 
to  other  prospectors'  camps  in  the  vicinity, 
Mr.  Walters  later  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the 
store  to  Mr.  Helphry's  brother  in  the  east,  and 
the  pioneer  business  house  of  Curlew  is  now 
conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Helphry 
Brothers. 

In  the  spring  of  1897  the  first  building  was 
erected  in  the  new  town.  This  was  put  up  by 
C.  H.  Lewis,  who  opened  an  eating  house,  and 
who  has  been  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at 
Curlew  ever  since.  During  the  year  a  cable 
ferry  was  constructed  across  the  Kettle  river 


to  replace  the  flat  boat  formerly  operated  by 
the  Indians.  This  ferry  remained  in  use  until 
1 90 1,  when  a  substantial  bridge  was  thrown 
across  the  river  at  this  point.  In  the  early 
days  of  the  town's  history  the  mail  was  distri- 
buted from  Curlew  by  means  of  a  "private" 
postoffice,  the  mail  being  brought  down  from 
Nelson,  the  nearest  office.  In  1898,  however, 
the  citizens  succeeded  in  securing  the  establish- 
ment of  a  regular  postoffice,  at  Curlew,  and 
G.  S.  Helphry,  the  pioneer  merchant,  was  made 
the  first  postmaster.  This  gentleman  has  con- 
.tinued  to  hold  the  office  ever  since. 

Curlew  has  suffered  but  one  loss  by  fire. 
In  the  fall  of  1903  six  buildings  in  the  town 
burned,  causing  a  loss  of  about  $3,000.  Dur- 
ing the  year  1902,  owing  to  the  construction  of 
the  two  railroads.  Curlew  enjoyed  most  pros- 
perous times  and  many  new  business  enterprises 
were  placed  afoot.  The  town  gained  a  popula- 
tion of  several  hundred  people;  at  present  the 
inhabitants  number  about  two  hundred.  Here 
are  located  two  general  stores,  a  gentlemen's 
furnishing  and  dry  goods  store,  two  livery 
stables,  two  saloons,  a  hotel  and  several  other 
business  houses.  There  is,  also,  a  saw  mill, 
but  it  is  at  present  idle.  In  the  vicinity  of  Cur- 
lew are  Ferry  county's  richest  agricultural 
lands.  Along  the  small  streams  tributary  to 
the  Kettle  river,  near  the  town,  are  many  fer- 
tile ranches  which  add  materially  to  the  pros- 
perity of  Curlew.  A  valuable  mineral  belt  is 
located  in  the  country  about  Curlew,  and  within 
this  area  are  a  number  of  promising  prospects. 
The  Drummer  mine  is  the  principal  property  in 
this  vicinity,  and  considerable  development 
work  has  been  done  upon  it. 

The  land  upon  which  Curlew  is  located  has 
never  been  patented  consequently  no  townsite 
has  ever  been  platted.  For  some  time  the 
property  has  been  in  litigation,  and  the  case  has 
been  appealed  from  the  Spokane  land  office,  and 
is  at  present  awaiting  decision  from  the  United 
States  Interior  Department.  From  Curlew  the 
Great   Northern   Railway   Company  has    sur- 


428 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


veyed  an  extension  to  the  coast,  and  doubtless 
some  day  this  hne  will  be  constructed  as  pro- 
posed. The  right  of  way  from  Curlew  to  Mid- 
way, B.  C,  has  been  secured. 


About  ninety  rods  south  of  the  interna- 
tional boundarj-  line  betwen  British  Columbia 
and  the  United  States,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Ferry  county,  lies  the  town  of  Danville.  This 
place  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  town 
establised  in  the  county,  although  until  the 
building  of  the  Washington  &  Great  Northern 
railroad  the  name  of  the  town  was  Nelson.  It 
was  bestowed  in  honor  of  its  pioneer  merchants 
Peter  B.  and  O  .  B.  Nelson. 

These  gentlemen  began  business  at  this 
place  in  1889,  several  years  before  the  opening 
of  the  "North  Half"  of  the  Colville  Indian 
reservation.  A  stock  of  goods  was  brought  in 
by  the  brothers  and  as  no  white  people  were  on 
the  reservation  at  that  period,  their  trade  was 
wholly  with  the  red  men.  With  the  opening  of 
the  reservation  the  site  of  the  present  town  was 
patented  as  a  placer  claim  by  William  Clark 
and  an  associate.  For  many  years  the  Nelson 
Brothers'  store  was  the  only  business  enterprise 
in  the  new  town,  but  during  the  winter  of  1896 
and  1897  quite  a  thriving  little  town  had 
sprung  up.  There  was  a  butcher  shop  owned 
by  William  Clark:  a  saloon  conducted  l?y 
Woodard  &  Bellew,  a  hotel  of  which  Mr. 
Downs  was  the  landlord,  and  a  number  of  eat- 
ing houses.  In  June,  1897,  Nelson  was  given 
a  postoffice  and  P.  B.  Nelson  became  the  first 
postmaster.  For  a  long  time  this  was  the  only 
office  on  the  reservation  and  mail  destined  for 
other  camps  was  distributed  through  this  office. 
August  9,  1897,  the  first  paper  in  Fern,' 
county — the  Reservation  Record — made  its 
appearance.  Rube  Hull  and  Earl  McCarter 
were  the  proprietors.  It  was  also  during  this 
year  that  Nelson  Brothers  erected  a  store  build- 
ing on  the  International  Boundary'  line,  the 
north  entrance  being  on  Canadian  soil  and  the 


south  opening  in  United  States  territory.  The 
authorities  becoming  suspicious  that  goods  up- 
on which  there  was  a  duty  from  Canada  to  the 
United  States  were  being  sold  in  the  south  half 
of  the  store  without  the  goverment  receiving 
any  emolument  therefrom,  ordered  the  store 
closed,  and  it  was  taken  back  to  Nelson. 

In  March,  1899,  the  Danville  townsite  was 
platted  by  the  Danville  Mining  Company, 
through  its  secretary,  C.  S.  Voorhees.  An- 
other townsite,  known  as  Nelson,  was  platted 
January  13,  1902,  by  Thomas  E.  Dulin,  James 
Rosslow  and  Sarah  Cooper.  From  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  first  store,  in  1895,  until  the 
construction  of  the  Washington  &  Great  North- 
ern railroad,  in  1901,  the  town  was  knowm  as 
Nelson.  The  railroad  officials  brought  about 
the  change  of  name  to  Danville  owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  town  of  Nelson,  B.  C,  was  also  on 
the  Great  Northern  system.  Danville  has  suf- 
fered from  one  disastrous  fire  in  its  history. 
Thursday  night,  August  9,  1900,  the  large  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  of  Nelson  Brothers  was 
totally  destroyed,  involving  a  loss  of  about 
$20,000,  covered  by  insurance  in  an  amount  of 
about  one-third  of  the  loss.  The  K.  P.  lodge 
suffered  a  loss  of  $500 ;  the  United  States  Cus- 
tom House  was  damaged  to  the  amount  of 
$500. 

x\t  present  Danville  has  a  population  of 
about  200  people.  Surrounding  the  town  is  a 
rich  agricultural  country  as  well  as  a  number 
of  good  mines  and  promising  properties.  The 
best  known  mine  in  the  vicinity  is  the  Lucile 
Dreyfus,  which  has  had  considerable  develop- 
ment and  has  shipped  some  ore. 

The  Kettle  Valley  line  and  the  Washington 
&  Great  Northern  railroads  each  have  stations 
in  Danville  and  an  office  of  the  United  States 
Customs  department  is  located  here.  The 
Canadian  Customs  office  is  just  on  the  other 
side  of  the  line,  at  Carson,  B.  C. 

OTHER    PLACES. 

Laurier  is  a  postoffice  located  on  the  Kettle 


REPUBLIC  IN    1897.  THEN   EUREKA. 


"  V 


GOLD  BRICKS. 

REPRESENTING  A  SEMI-MONTHLY  CLEANUP  OF  THE 

REPUBLIC  CONSOLIDATED  GOLD  MINING 

COMPANY.  IN   1899. 


FIRST  STORE  IN    FERRY  COUNTY. 
LOCATED  AT  DANVILLE.  FORMERLY  NELSON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


429 


river  and  the  Washington  &  Great  Northern 
railroads,  just  south  of  the  International 
boundary  line.  Here  is  located  a  United  States 
custom  house. 

The  only    other    places    in    Ferry    county 


claiming  the  distinction  of  a  postoffice  are 
Meteor,  on  the  "South  Half  of  the  reservation, 
near  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  county,  and 
Boyd,  a  recently  established  office  on  the  Wash- 
ington &  Great  Northern  railroad,  near  Orient. 


CHAPTER    m. 


MINES  AND  MINING. 


It  is  frankly  confessed  by  raining  experts 
that  in  the  superficial  appearance  of  the.  coun- 
try included  in  the  Republic  Camp  there  is  little 
to  signify  the  presence  of  gold  or  any  other 
mineral.  There  are  surrounding  mountains,  of 
considerable  height;  there  are  deep  ravines. 
But  the  rocks  seldom  come  to  the  surface,  there 
being  almost  everywhere  a  considerable  depth 
of  soil,  or  wash,  from  which  springs,  a  most 
abundant  growth  of  bunch  grass.  Still,  a  few 
of  the  primary  facts  touching  the  formation 
and  mineral  characteristics  of  the  district  have 
been  made  reasonably  certain  by  careful  ex- 
ploratory work.  There  is  a  contact  between 
porphyry  and  granite  on  the  western  edge  of 
Republic  Camp.  In  this  porphyry  have  been 
found  most  of  the  best  mines  carrying  the 
highest  values.  The  area  of  the  porphry 
zone  extends  from  the  Golden  Harvest,  on  the 
south,  to  the  Tom  Thumb  mine,  on  the  north, 
this  end  turning  toward  the  east,  thus  forming 
the  arc  of  the  circle.  Between  these  two  mines 
mentioned  the  distance  is  about  nine  miles. 
Ore  of  a  similar  character  has  been  found  in 
both  these  mines  as  well  as  throughout  the  in- 
termediate country.  Three  miles  will,  probably, 
limit  the  width  of  this  district  and  the  entire 
mineral  area  in  this  immediate  locality  may  be 
said  to  contain  nearly  thirty  square  miles. 


Although  the  character  of  the  rock  varies 
greatly  in  this  area,  both  in  texture  and  appear- 
ance, the  porphyry  formation  is  found 
throughout.  So  soft  is  it  that  much  of  the 
work  may  be  prosecuted  with  a  pick,  and  especi- 
ally true  is  this  in  the  case  of  the  famous  Re- 
public mine.  At  the  remarkable  rate  of  thir- 
teen feet  per  day  the  Republic  company  ran 
a  1,400-foot  tunnel,  the  No.  3.  The  country 
rock  is  found  remarkably  easy  to  work,  as  a 
rule,  which  fact,  as  will  readily  be  appreciated 
by  the  miner,  has  exerted  great  influence  in  the 
rapid  development  which  has  already  eventu- 
ated in  this  district.  In  a  northerly  and  south- 
erly direction  run  the  mineral  bearing  lodes, 
although  a  number  of  cross-veins  have  been 
struck.  Despite  the  fact  that  the  usual  iron 
cap  of  British  Columbia  is  not  found  in  this 
locality,  leads  are  indicated  by  out-crops  of 
decomposed  quartz,  often  mingled  with  por- 
phyry; for  the  latter  does  not  confine  itself  to 
the  "country,"  but  everywhere  invades  the 
veins  and  generally  carries  a  modicum  of  gold. 

The  veins  of  this  district,  known  as  the 
Eureka  district,  strike  at  various  angles  from 
nearly  due  north  to  50  to  60  degrees  east  or 
west  of  north,  the  whole  system  showing  fis- 
sures following  the  lines  of  contact  and  struc- 
ture ;  while  others  run  transversely.    Occasion- 


430 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ally  showing  a  slight  westerly  pitch,  the  veins, 
as  a  rule,  dip  eastward,  varying  from  a  few 
inches  to  60  or  70  feet  in  width.  Throughout 
their  entire  length,  apparently,  none  of  them 
run  on  a  straight  course.  By  intrusions  of 
porphyry  they  are  usually  more  or  less  fault- 
ed, or  split.  However,  little  trouble  is  experi- 
enced in  following  them  underground  where 
the  planes  of  strike,  or  dip,  are  known.  These 
ores  contain  as  high  as  93  per  cent  silica. 

Republic  Camp  has  to  some  extent,  been 
unfortunate  in  losing,  temporarily  it  is  hoped, 
several  valuable  industries.  The  Republic 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  in  1898, 
erected  a  35-ton  experimental  mill,  employing 
the  Petalin-Clerici  process.  This  proved  a  very 
expensive  method,  and  was  abandoned.  Dur- 
ing the  fall  of  that  year  the  ^Mountain  Lion 
Gild  Mining  Company  built  a  100-ton  mill 
using  plate  amalgamation  to  save  what  free 
gold  there  was  in  the  ore — about  35  per  cent 
— and  the  straight  McArthur-Forest  cyaniding 
process  for  recovery  of  the  balance  of  the 
values.  This,  however,  fell  considerably  short 
in  grinding  capacity  for  fine  pulping  of  ore,  and 
in  the  leaching  capacity  for  coarse  crushed 
material.  This  ore,  also,  required  roasting  and 
for  this  no  adequate  provision  had  been  made. 
So  much  below  the  percentage  guaranteed  by 
the  company  did  bullion  recovery  fall,  and 
railway  transportation  to  distant  smelters  be- 
ing assured,  that  this  mill  was  closed. 

Two  years  ago  the  Republic  Consolidated 
Gold  Mining  Company,  successors  to  the  Re- 
public Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Comapny.  shut 
down  the  large  and  elaborate  500-ton  sampling 
and  200-ton  cyaniding,  mills.  This,  also, 
proved  a  serious  blow  to  the  camp.  Following 
the  abandonment  of  the  Petalin-Clerici  process 
the  new  company  had  cast  about  for  a  meth- 
od by  which  the  low-grade  ores  of  Republic 
Camp  could  be  successfully  treated.  D.  C. 
Jackling  was  commissioned  to  build  the  present 
magnificent,  though  silent,  cyaniding  plant, 
but  the  Republic  mine  reached  a  point  when 


it  could  no  longer  supply  its  promised  quota 
of  ore  without  additional  exploration.  Ores 
which  had  been  sent  to  this  mill  from  other 
mines  had  been  merely  experimental  lots.  By 
the  time  tests  were  completed  and  the  mill  was 
in  condition  to  contract  for  a  guaranteed  sup- 
ply of  custom  ore,  sufficient  to  run  it  to  its  full 
capacity,  and  on  a  revenue  basis,  two  railroad 
companies  were  in  the  field  talking  construc- 
tion. To  encourage  these  railroad  companies 
to  build,  thus  giving  competitive  rates,  the 
mill  charges  for  the  experimental  shipments, 
with  wagon  haulage  added,  being  considered 
too  high — the  mine  owners  found  it  inadvisable 
to  contract  with  the  new  milling  company  un- 
til more  economical  transportation  from  the 
mines  and  lower  rates  for  treatment  would  be 
established.  This  mammoth  mill,  however, 
was  in  operation  several  months,  during  which 
period  it  handled  ore  from  the  Sans  Foil,  Lone 
Pine,  Surprise,  Ben  Hur,  Black  Tail,  Quilp 
and  Tom  Thumb  mines.  It  was  erected  with 
the  expectation  of  treating  ore  to  its  full  capa- 
city ;  the  Republic  mine  to  provide  one  hundred 
tons  per  day;  other  mines  of  the  camp  com- 
bined the  same  quantity.  This  the  Republic 
could  not  do;  the  others  refused  for  reasons 
specified.  It  is  hoped,  and  sanguinely.  that  all 
these  difficulties  may  be  adjusted  in  the  future 
and  the  splendid  property  on  the  outskirts  of 
the  camp  come  into  its  own  in  the  way  of  ample 
supply  of  ore  for  treatment. 

By  the  courtesy  of  the  publisher  of  the  Re- 
public Pioneer-Miner,  Mr.  Fred  Barker,  we 
are  permitted  to  give  the  following  descriptions 
of  the  leading  mines  of  the  Eureka  District, 
written  by  Mr.  M.  H.  Joseph,  one  of  the  ablest 
mining  correspondents  in  the  west : 

The  Chico  mine  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Butte 
&  Boston  and  Jim  Blaine,  and  partly  on  the  north  by 
the  Jim  Blaine  claim.  It  carries  at  least  1.200  feet  of  the 
Republic  vein.  It  is  opened  by  a  prospect  tunnel  and  a 
two-compartment  shaft,  suitable  for  hoisting  and  pump- 
ing, and  a  manway.  At  a  depth  of  two  hundred  feet  a 
cross-cut  intersects  the  vein  which,  by  a  right  angle 
measurement,  is  twenty-five  feet  wide  on  that  level.     A 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


431 


drift  runs  200  feet  south,  and  another  100  feet  north,  on 
this  level,  each  following  a  part  of  the  respective  dis- 
tances on  the  vein.  On  the  400-foot  level  a  cross-cut 
from  the  shaft  intersects  the  vein,  which  is  fol- 
lowed south  with  a  short  drift.  There  is  some  very  fine 
looking  quartz  on  this  as  also  on  the  level  above,  and 
the  assays  given  have  run  from  $19  to  about  $224  per 
ton.  The  exploratory  work  in  the  mine  covers  about 
1,000  running  feet.  The  surface  improvements  consist 
of  a  shaft  and  boiler  house,  blacksmith  shop,  office,  a 
50-horse-power  boiler,  an  air-compressor,  a  steam  hoist, 
good  for  800  feet,  a  pump  and  blacksmith  and  timber 
framing  tools. 

The  Butte  &  Boston  mine,  adjoining  the  Princess 
Maud  and  Jim  Blaine,  on  the  south,  has  1,700  feet  of 
exploratory  work.  Many  samples  of  ore  in  each  drift 
have  assayed  very  high,  running  from  $10  to  $40  per 
ton.  The  mine  is  equipped  with  a  3S-horsepower  boiler, 
a  hoist  good  for  500  feet  of  depth,  and  a  No.  7  Knowles 
sinking  pump,  all  well  housed. 

The  Princess  Maud  mine  joins  the  Jim  Blaine  on 
the  west,  and  lies  but  a  short  distance  southerly  from 
the  Republic  mine.  It  has  a  remarkably  fine  vein,  which, 
through  all  its  exploitation,  shows  an  average  width  of 
five  feet  between  its  walls,  with  the  filling  mostly  of 
excellent  appearing  quartz.  A  pocket  of  ore  very  rich 
in  gold  was  found  30  feet  down  the  winze,  and  a  pay 
shoot,  the  ore  averaing  $40  per  ton  in  gold  and  silver, 
was  discovered  90  feet  in  on  the  No.  5  level,  three  and 
one-half  feet  in  width.  Samples  from  the  cropping  have 
assayed  as  high  as  $360.  The  mine  is  equipped  with  a 
Leyner  3-drill  air  compressor  and  a  6o-horse-power 
boiler,  which  furnish  air  for  an  8-horse-power  hoist  at 
the  head  of  the  winze. 

The  Republic  mine  has  been  regarded  as  the  rich- 
est in  Ferry  county,  with  $625,000  in  dividends  to  its 
credit,  of  which  $120,000  was  paid  by  the  original  com- 
pany. .  .  .  One  section  forty  feet  long  and  25  feet 
wide  carried  average  milling  values  of  $180  in  gold 
and  fs  or  $6  in  silver  to  the  ton.  Although  it  is  thought 
that  this  shoot  is  worked  out,  there  are  still  rich  breasts 
of  ore  remaining,  which  when  followed,  may  lead  to  rich 
paying  deposits,  particularly  as  the  vein  is  from  60  to 
70  feet  wide  between  the  walls.  The  year  ending  the 
fall  of  1898  the  Republic  mine  produced  4,000  tons  of 
ore,  that  was  broken  down  in  exploratory  work.  About 
1,200  tons  of  that  averaged  eight  and  three-quarter 
ounces  gold  and  seven  ounces  of  silver  per  ton,  as  shown 
by  the  smelter  returns.  On  the  seventh  floor,  where  the 
pay  shoot  was  fourteen  feet  wide,  the  ore  sampled  five 
days  consecutively,  averaged  $445.80.  the  highest  assay 
running  $687.17,  and  the  lowest  $303.40  per  ton.  Rough- 
ly estimated  the  present  company  must  have  produced 
not  less  than  37,000  tons  of  ore— high  and  low  grade- 
some  of  which  was  sent  to  the  smelters,  but  the  most  of 
it  was  mixed,  to  run  about  $20  per  ton,  a  grade  suitable 
for  cyaniding,  and  that  was  treated  at  the  mill. 

The   Quilp   mine,   remarkable   for   its   bold  outcrop. 


which  overlooks  the  wagon  road  near  the  mouth  of 
Eureka  Gulch,  was  one  of  the  earliest  locations  of  Re- 
public Camp.  It  shows  promise  of  development  into 
one  of  the  most  valuable  mines  in  the  neighborhood.  It 
is  shipping  ore  daily  and  there  is  every  prospect  of  fav- 
orable development. 

Of  the  Quilp  mine  The  Mining  World  of 
August  15,  1903,  says: 

The  only  mine  in  Republic  undergoing  systematic 
development  on  a  liberal  scale  is  the  Quilp,  which  em- 
ploys one  shift  only  to  break  the  ore,  having  an  output 
of  80  tons  per  day  which,  of  course,  is  limited,  there  be- 
ing no  market  for  a  larger  quantity.  A  perpendicular 
shaft  was  sunk  to  a  depth  of  400  feet  below  the  tunnel 
level.  From  this  cross-cuts  have  been  driven  to  the 
ledge,  at  the  100,  200,  300  and  400-foot  levels,  all  showing 
much  work  done.  The  vein  is  from  ten  to  forty  feet  in 
width.  As  greater  depth  is  attained  the  ore  bodies  in- 
crease in  width  and  values.  From  surface  values  of 
equal  parts  in  gold  and  silver  the  ore  character  changes 
in  the  lower  level  to  two-thirds  in  favor  of  gold.  Tech- 
nically in  sight,  blocked  out,  are  80,000  tons  of  ore. 
During  the  first  half  of  the  year  over  8,000  (i6,ooo  tons 
for  the  whole  camp)  was  shipped  to  Tacoma  and 
Granby  smelters,  and  during  the  month  of  June  ship- 
ments increased  to  2,500  tons. 

The  Black  Tail  mine  has  developed  a  fine  vein, 
with  splendid  croppings  its  entire  length,  three  or  four 
lateral  veins,  and  about  400  feet  of  the  Surprise  vein. 
The  croppings  have  been  opened  with  cuts,  pits  and 
shafts,  showing  valuable  ore  in  every  direction.  The 
Black  Tail  longitudinal  and  lateral  veins  have  been 
opened  by  a  main  cross-cut  tunnel,  over  600  feet  in 
length,  penetrating  the  hill  from  the  west,  at  about  30 
feet  above  the  bed  of  Eureka  gulch.  Over  200  tons  of 
ore  were  shipped  to  the  Republic  Power  and  Cyariiding 
Mill,  the  returns  showing  an  average  value  of  over  $20 
per  ton.  The  part  of  the  Surprise  vein  situated  on  this 
property  has  been  opened  by  stripping  and  sinking  shafts 
on  it,  one  of  the  latter  to  a  depth  of  45  feet.  The  ore 
from  the  latter  averaged  $28  per  ton.  Single  assays  from 
the  shafts  and  vein  croppings  ran  from  $200  to  $300  per 
ton.  The  ore  shoots  in  the  mine  are  from  three  to  ten 
feet  wide  and  several  deposits  have  yielded  ore  averag- 
ing from  $40  to  $70  per  ton. 

The  Lone  Pine-Surprise  is  a  group  of  four  claims, 
of  which  the  Lone  Pine  has  fine  gold-bearing  veins, 
apexing  within  its  boundaries.  The  No.  i  tunnel  inter- 
sects four  of  them,  giving  assay  values  of  from  $3  to  $8 
per  ton.  No.  2  is  from  four  to  16  feet  wide.  The  ore  on 
No.  3  vein  runs  from  $7  to  $8  per  ton.  The  No.  4  is  from 
five  to  six  feet  wide,  with  assay  values  running  from 
$10  to  $250  per  ton,  and  averaging  $18  per  ton,  prin- 
cipally in  gold.  Development  work  on  the  Surprise 
consists   of  tunnels,   shafts   and  open  cuts,  aggregating 


432 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


about  1,100  linear  feet.  Some  high  values  were  obtained 
on  the  surface.  A  tunnel  was  run  i6o  feet,  intersecting 
the  vein  at  a  vertical  depth  of  50  feet  below  outcrop. 
Drifts  have  been  run  in  the  vein  north  160  feet  and  south 
260  feet.  The  vein  shows  a  width  of  from  8  to  15  feet. 
In  the  north  drift  values  are  low.  In  the  south  drift 
stringers  and  bunches  of  $20  to  $30  ore  were  encount- 
ered. Near  the  south  end  of  the  claim  a  shaft  is  sunk 
35  feet  on  the  vein.  The  first  25  feet  shows  sYz  feet  in 
width  of  $25  ore,  the  remaining  10  feet  and  a  drift  16  feet 
long  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  being  in  low  grade 
quartz.  A  tunnel  was  started  at  a  point  south  of  the 
shaft  giving  no  feet  depth  below  collar  of  shaft.  At 
a  point  80  feet  from  its  portal  a  tunnel  intersects  the 
vein.  A  drift  extended  north  in. the  vein  to  a  point  be- 
neath the  shaft  is  in  low  grade  quartz,  assaying  from  $2 
to  $6  per  ton.  The  Quilp  mine,  belonging  to  the  Quilp 
Mining  Company  is  located  on  this  vein,  and  adjoins 
the  Surprise  on  the  south. 

On  the  Lone  Pine  property  work  is  done  in  the  na- 
ture of  tunnels,  shafts,  raises,  cross-cuts  and  drifts, 
aggregating  approximately  2,500  linear  feet,  disclosing 
the  Black  Tail  vein  and  four  cross-veins,  so-called,  as 
the  general  trend  of  the  veins  in  this  district  have  a 
northerly  and  southerly  course;  whereas  these  cross- 
veins  bear  approximately  at  right  angles  to  the  north 
and  south  system.  The  No.  i,  or  upper  tunnel,  is  started 
near  the  center  of  the  Lone  Pine  claim  and  about  320 
feet  north  of  the  south  end  line. 

The  Sans  Foil  is  remarkable  for  the  cleanest  fissure 
and  truest  walls  of  any  mine  in  the  district.  Its  crop- 
pings,  distinct,  well  defined  and  observable,  about  1,700 
feet  in  length,  have  been  prospected  at  intervals  of  50 
feet  from  end  to  end  of  the  company's  ground.  A  shaft 
was  sunk  on  a  fine  pay  shoot,  128  feet  deep,  and  a  tun- 
nel connects  with  it.  A  winze  goes  below  the  latter  70 
feet  to  the  intermediate  level  on  which  some  of  the  ore 
developed  assayed  over  $300  a  ton.  The  highest  assay 
of  the-  ore  runs  $400  and  the  average  $15  to  $17  per  ton. 

The  North  Sans  Poll  mine  occupies  260  feet  on  the 
vein  between  the  Sans  Poil  and  Ben  Hur  mines.  The  ore 
from  top  to  bottom  of  the  shaft  averages  $13.50  per 
ton.  From  20  to  50  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
the  ore  runs  from  $30  to  $40  per  ton.  At  the  bottom 
clear  quartz  six  feet  wide  assays  $16.50  per  ton.  About 
fifty  feet  below  the  surface  an  ore  streak  runs  as  high 
as  $300,  and  shows  native  gold  to  the  naked  eye.  This 
ore  carries  but  little  silver. 

The  Ben  Hur,  situated  on  the  Sans  Poil  vein,  be- 
tween the  North  Sans  Poil  and  Trade  Dollar  mines,  cov- 
ers a  fine  quartz  cropping  developed  by  several  cuts  from 
six  to  twenty  feet  wide,  with  values  generally  ranging 
from  $6  to  $15  per  ton,  and  samples  occasionally  as  high 
as  $130.  The  Ben  Hur  has  a  vertical  double  compart- 
ment shaft  second  to  none  in  the  camp.  About  500  tons 
of  ore  raised  out  of  the  shaft,  from  exploratory  work. 
and  the  little  stoping  done,  was  shipped  to  the  Republic 
Power   and    Cyaniding    mill,   the    sampling    of    which 


showed  average  commercial  values  of  $22.50  and  $20  per 
ton,  over  haulage  and  treatment.  The  Ben  Hur  can 
produce  over  25  tons  of  ore  daily. 

The  vein  on  the  Trade  Dollar  mine  was  struck  by  a 
tunnel  sixty  feet  in  length  at  a  depth  of  34  feet,  and  short 
drifts  on  this  level  disclosed  a  body  of  ore  ten  feet 
wide  that  averages  $20  per  ton,  and  was  further  ex- 
plored by  a  winze,  sunk  to  a  depth  of  40  feet.  A  double 
compartment  shaft,  eighty  feet  north  of  the  old  work- 
ings, was  sunk  two  hundred  and  fifteen  feet.  Drifts 
were  driven  northerly  127  feet  and  southerly  117  feet 
on  the  vein,  disclosing  two  pay  shoots,  the  former  75 
feet  long,  two  and  one-half  to  four  feet  wide,  with  50 
linear  feet  of  ore  30  inches  wide,  assaying  $107  and  the 
balance  about  $14  per  ton.  A  picked  sample  ran  $3,120.92 
This  drift  was  started  from  a  cross-cut  40  feet  distant 
from  the  shaft.  The  south  drift  exposes  the  pay  shoot 
from  six  to  twelve  feet  wide,  which,  for  50  feet,  has  an 
average  value  of  $15 ;  the  balance  assays  from  $6  to  $12 
per  ton.  The  Trade  Dollar  is  on  the  Sans  Foil  vein  and 
adjoins  the  Ben  Hur  on  the  North. 

The  Little  Cove  mine  is  situated  north  of  the  Lone 
Tree-Surprise  group,  on  the  Pearl-Surprise  vein,  and 
adjoins  the  Pearl  claim  on  the  north.  It  is  opened  by  a 
shaft  200  feet  deep,  from  the  bottom  of  which  a  drift 
runs  north  to  the  vein  300  feet.  The  vein  is  from  ten 
to  twelve  feet  wide,  and  the  drift  has  developed  a  long 
pay  shoot  of  ore  that  averages  about  $11  or  $12  per  ton. 

Knob  Hill  mine  is  opened  by  a  shaft  and  two  tunnels, 
one  two  hundred  feet  in  length,  and  one  four  hundred 
feet  long.  Depth  of  lowest  workings,  250  feet  below  the 
apex  of  the  vein.  Several  hundred  of  tons  of  ore  have 
been  sent  to  smelters,  the  average  value  of  which  was 
a  little  over  $18  per  ton.  The  average  width  of  the  ledge 
is  five  feet.  There  is  one  large  pay  shoot  in  the  mine 
which  averages  $30  per  ton — car  load  lots. 

The  Mountain  Lion  has  enjoyed  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  most  valuable  mines,  and  now  for  the 
quantity  and  value  of  ore  blocked  out  and  broken  under- 
ground and  on  the  dump,  it  stands  as  the  leading  one 
of  the  district.  Upon  the  surface  it  shows  the  croppings 
of  three  distant  parallel  veins  and  underground  a  great 
tonnage  of  ore  has  been  developed.  The  mine  is  opened 
by  over  6,000  feet  of  tunneling,  shafts  and  other  auxil- 
iary workings.  The  main  ore  shoot  has  been  determined 
more  than  six  hundred  feet  in  length  and  sixteen  feet 
wide,  and  it  evidently  goes  from  the  surface  to  below  the 
lowest  level.  The  average  value  of  the  ore  is  $11.25 
per  ton,  or  rather  that  was  the  value  when  treated  at  the 
company's  mill.  The  main  working  shaft  is  equipped 
with  a  very  substantial  house,  which  covers  a  75-horse- 
power  motor,  arranged  to  operate  a  fine  Fraser  &  Chal- 
mer  hoist  and  Blake  rock  breaker.  A  fine  power  plant, 
mill  equipments,  electrical  machinery  and  machine  shop 
are  all  enclosed  in  one  building.  The  power  plant, 
originally  intended  for  both  the  mine  and  mill,  consists 
of  three  steel  tubular  boilers,  the  first  half  of  a  Rand 
air   compressor,  an   Ide  high  speed  engine,   for  driving 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


433 


an  electric  plant,  and  a  Bates-Corliss  engine.  The  com- 
pany has  a  fine  assay  office  and  laboratory  elaborately 
equipped  for  any  metallurgical  work  demanded  of  it  in 
connection  with  the  mine  and  mill. 

Added  to  considerable  prospecting  on  the  croppings, 
the  Tom  Thumb,  one  of  the  leading  mines  of  the  camp, 
has  been  opened  by  three  vertical  shafts  and  exploited 
by  drifts,  cross-cuts,  upraises,  etc.,  amounting  to  more 
than  i,6oo  linear  feet.  From  the  surface  down  to  the 
No.  3  level  the  ore  shoot  has  an  average  width  of  nine 
feet;  the  depth  following  the  main  dip  of  the  vein  is 
242  feet.  The  ore  averages  from  $14  to  $18  a  ton  if 
carefully  broken  and  taken  out  of  the  mine  clean.  Four- 
teen tons  of  ore  sent  from  the  Tom  Thumb  mine  to  the 
Granby  smelter  at  Grand  Forks,  assayed  over  $25  per 
ton,  proportioned  in  one  ounce  of  gold  to  six  or  eight 
ounces  of  silver.  The  equipments  of  the  No.  3  shaft 
consist  of  a  loo-horse-power  boiler,  an  eight-drill  Lyner 
air  compressor,  a  45-horse-po\ver  hoisting  engine,  a 
600-candle  power  electric  light  plant,  and  well  equipped 
blacksmith  shop,  all  substantially  housed.  The  No.  2 
shaft  is  equipped  with  a  horse  whim  and  pump  for 
drainage,  which  are  also  well  housed. 

The  discovery  of  native  gold  at  the  surface  on  the 
Morning  Glory  mine  created  such  excitement  in  1898 
that  every  foot  of  vacant  ground  near  it  was  immediately 
snapped  up  by  locaters.  The  Morning  Glory  was  in- 
corporated as  late  as  November,  1898,  since  when  its 
vigorous  management  has  spoken  volumes  for  the  com- 
pany. The  company  received  $35,654  for  55  tons  of  ore 
shipped  to  the  Granby  smelter  at  Grand  Forks,  B.  C. 
Ore  on  the  dump  will  average  $26.25  per  ton.  The  im- 
provements and  equipments  consist  of  a  blacksmith  shop 
and  ore  assorting  house,  a  22-horse-power  gasoline 
hoist,  a  two  and  one-half  horse-power  gasoline  engine, 
a  blower  and  Cornish  pump  good  for  a  depth  of  500 
feet  below  the  tunnel. 

Of  the  Morning  Glory,  on  August  15, 
1903,  The  Mining  World  says: 

The  Morning  Glory  property  having  the  elements 
of  permanency,  lying  directly  west  of  the  Quilp,  has 
been  developed  by  tunnel  and  shaft  to  over  800  feet 
depth.  A  shaft  is  now  being  sunk  from  the  tunnel  level, 
and  has  reached  a  depth  of  260  feet,  to  be  continued  to 
the  300  foot  level  before  the  ledge  will  be  cross-cut  Four 
thousand  tons  constitute  the  monthly  amount  the  smelters 
can  conveniently  handle  in  the  Republic  mines,  but  their 
producing  capacity  in  their  present  development  stage 
is  500  tons  daily,  very  easily  advanced  to  1,000  tons  if 
necessity  required  it. 

The  first  work  done  on  the  El  Caliph  mine,  which 
adjoins  the  Morning  Glory  at  end  lines,  consisted  in 
stripping  a  six-inch  vein,  near  where  it  passes  through 
the  northwest  end  of  the  latter  mine.  High  grade  ore 
showing  freely  in  native  gold  was  found.    A  shaft  was 


then  sunk  sixty  feet  on  the  vein,  and  a  tunnel  started 
the  same  time,  was  driven  340  feet,  intersecting  the  vein 
in  a  barren  spot,  178  feet  below  the  cropping  and  pass- 
ing 30  feet  beyond  it.  In  April,  1901,  lessees  drove  an 
upper  tunnel  thirty  feet,  struck  and  ran  sixty  feet  on  a 
pay  shoot,  and  extracted  the  ore  thirty-five  feet  to  the 
surface.  This  ore,  amounting  to  eighty-three  tons,  was 
shipped  to  the  Granby  smelter  at  Grand  Forks,  and 
gave  average  returns  of  $125  per  ton,  with  a  net  profit 
to  the  company  of  over  $1,400. 

The  Gold  Ledge  mine,  three  miles  east  of  Republic 
Camp,  has  one  of  the  finest  ledges  in  the  district.  It 
crops  out  boldly  and  massive  at  the  north  end,  in  clean 
quartz  forty  feet  wide;  and  south  of  the  main  shaft  pits 
have  been  sunk  that  expose  ore  of  $6  to  $i6  value  per 
ton.  Samples  of  ore  from  the  underground  workings 
ran  from  a  dollar  or  two  to  $1,084  per  ton,  chiefly  in 
gold,  and  one  streak,  eighteen  inches  wide,  ran  $204  per 
ton.  The  mine  was  opened  by  three  shafts,  the  main  one 
being  no  feet  deep.  At  the  end  of  the  southwest  drift, 
156  feet  from  the  shaft,  is  a  cross-cut  20  feet  long,  from 
which  a  drift  runs  north  50  feet,  all  in  milling  ore  of 
$11  per  ton  value,  but  there  is  no  sign  of  the  hanging 
wall  in  either. 

To  a  younger  group  of  mines  belongs  the  Califor- 
nia. It  first  attracted  attention  in  the  summer  of  1900, 
being  bonded  at  that  time  for  $5,000.  The  bond  was 
thrown  up  and  shortly  after  the  claim  was  purchased  by 
E.  J.  Delbridge,  for  the  Apollo  Gold  Mining  Company 
of  New  Haven,  Connecticut.  Development  work  was  pro- 
ceeded with  in  a  most  systematic  manner  from  that  day 
to  this,  resulting  in  opening  up  one  of  the  most  valuable 
mines  in  the  camp.  The  ore  averages  much  richer  than 
the  general  run  of  mines  around  Republic,  and  is  a 
hard,  white,  crystalline  quartz,  carrying  gold,  silver, 
copper  and  lead.  The  California  is  located  about  nine 
miles  southeast  of  the  city.  In  the  matter  of  ore  pro- 
duction the  California  has  a  truly  remarkable  record. 
There  is  only  one  small  stope  in  the  property,  but  the 
course  of  development  there  has  taken  large  quantities 
of  the  richest  ore,  which  was  shipped  by  wagon,  and 
the  lower  grades  saved  for  railroads.  The  California 
has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  Republic  property 
to  ship  ore  over  the  Kettle  Valley  lines.  Three  carloads 
amounting  to  about  105  tons  were  sent  to  Curlew  by 
wagon,  and  thence  by  rail  to  the  Granby  smelter.  This 
shipment  sampled  about  $10,000.  Over  $100,000  w^orth 
of  ore  has  been  shipped  since.  The  ."Apollo  company  is  a 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  concern,  and  is  one  of  the  strongest 
in  Republic  Camp.  It  owns  18  claims  in  the  California 
district  and  three  near  the  city  of  Republic,  and  close 
to  promising  properties. 

Commenting  on  the  Cahfornia  The  Mining 
World  of  August  15,  1903,  says: 

Ten  miles  southeasterly  from  Republic  is  the  Cali- 
fornia, a  shipper  for  four  years.     After  paying  smelter 


434 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  transportation  charges  the  yield  from  1.300  ton?  of 
ore  was  $70,238.  or  $54  to  the  ton.  Xine  hundred  and 
seventy-five  tons  second  class  ore  yielded  $4,586.  The 
ore  is  galena  and  chalcopyrite,  carrying  zinc.  The  prin- 
cipal value  is  gold.  There  are  sixteen  promising  veins 
in  the  Apollo  group,  of  which  the  California  is  the  only 
one  that  is  developed. 

In  describing  the  preceding  mines  it  has  been  the 
aim  to  present  an  account  of  the  development  of  the 
district  accurately  and  completely,  so  that  the  reader 
may  judge  for  himself  the  possibilities  of  the  camp  as 
.a  producer  of  ore.  Delevopment  has  preceeded  here 
since  1896,  and  up  to  1902  a  grand  total  of  $2,500,000 
-had  been  expended  in  developing  the  fine  surface  show- 
ings. In  1900  representatives  of  the  Great  Northern 
jailvvay  examined  the  camp  thoroughly,  and  their  re- 
ports in  substance  were  that  there  was  an  abundance  of 
ore,  and  since  that  time  every  possible  route  for  a  rail- 
road has  been  examined  to  discover  the  route  offering 
the  most  favorable  grade.  The  opinions  of  the  railway 
experts,  and  the  fact  that  the  Great  Northern  and  Kettle 
Valley  railway  lines  are  backing  these  opinions  with  over 
$2,00,000  necessary  to  build  the  roads  now  entering  the 
district  substantiate  the  statements  in  these  pages  of  the 
quality  and  quantity  of  the  ores  of  the  camp.  '  It  is  well 
to  bear  in  mind  that  other  mines  and  perhaps  greater 
ones  are  being  developed  while  the  big  ones  are  shipping. 

The  preceding  paragraph  was  written  by 
Mr.  Barker  in  1902.  Since  the  pubHcation 
both  the  Great  Northern  and  Kettle  Valley 
railway  lines  have  reached  the  camp,  and  the 
companies  are  running  trains  daily.  The  trans- 
portation facilities  are  ample  at  present.  There 
are  five  smelters  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Republic  Camp,  which  are  m  the  market  for 
Republic  ore:  the  Granby  smelter,  Grand 
Forks.  B.  C. :  Greenwood  smelter,  Green- 
wood, B.  C. :  the  Le  Roi  smelter,  Northport, 
Washington;  the  Canadian  Pacific  smelting 
Avorks,  at  Trail,  B.  C. ;  and  the  Hall  mines 
smelter,  at  Nelson,  B.  C.  These  works  have  a 
total  combined  capacity  of  3,000  tons  per  day, 
.and  are  amply  able  to  handle  all  the  ore  pro- 
duced in  the  district.  They  all  lie  within  a 
100-mile  radius  of  Republic  Camp,  and  are  all 
competitors  for  ore. 

There  are  a  number  of  camps  in  the  region 
of  which  Republic  is  the  center  tliat  are  de- 
stined to  became  valuable  producers  in  the 
future.     Some  of  these  which  are  tributary  to 


Republic  are  the  Sheridan,  Bodie.  Belcher, 
Wauconda  and  Wolf's  camps,  on  the  "North 
Half,"  and  Park  City  and  Davis  camps  on  the 
"South  Half."  As  a  rule  the  managers  of 
these  camps  make  their  residence  in  Republic, 
and  here  supplies  and  labor  are  contracted  for. 

Twelve  miles  west  of  Republic,  is  located 
Wauconda  camp.  Properties  ha\-e,  also,  been 
developed  in  this  camp  by  the  Republic  Gold 
Mines  and  Lime  Works  Compan}-.  Fourteen 
miles  northwest  of  Republic,  is  Sheridan  camp, 
and  in  this  neighborhood  considerable  develop- 
ment work  has  been  accomplished.  One  of  the 
most  prominent  mines  in  the  camp  is  the  Zala 
M.,  very  rich  ore,  having  been  encountered  in 
the  workings.  A  -fine  showing  has,  also,  been 
made  by  the  American  Flag. 

On  the  Republic-Chesaw  wagon  road, 
twenty-four  miles  northwest  of  Republic,  is 
Bodie  camp,  in  Okanogan  county,  the  principal 
property  being  the  Bodie  mine.  Shipments 
made  to  the  Granby  smelter.  Grand  Forks, 
B.  C,  showed  values  of  $500  per  ton.  The 
Golden  Reward  group  of  claims  was  operated 
by  a  company  of  Spokane  men,  the  mine  being 
under  the  management  of  R.  E.  Willoughby. 
An  assay  of  $97  was  obtained  from  an  open 
cut. 

A  group  of  ele\'en  patented  claims,  owned 
by  Harry  Baer,  of  Spokane,  lies  ten  miles 
north  of  Republic  Camp.  They  are  in  what  is 
known  as  Wolf's  Camp.  Baer's  properties, 
known  as  the  Frankfurt  group,  were  among 
the  first  to  be  worked  on  the  reservation,  in- 
volving the  expenditure  of  many  thousands  of 
dollars.    Values  ranged  upwards  of  $8  per  ton. 

The  Belcher  mine,  on  Lambert  creek,  is 
developed  by  three  tunnels  from  200  to  500 
feet  in  length.  The  lowest  cuts  the  ledge  250 
feet  below  the  apex.  Where  the  xe'm  is  crossed 
in  No.  2  tunnel  the  ledge  is  80  feet  wide — solid 
metal.  The  largest  body  of  solid  ore  known 
to  exist  in  the  state  of  Washington.  It  carries 
high  per  centage  of  iron.  The  other  values  are 
in  copper  and  gold.     The  mine  will  be  shortly 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


435 


equipped  with  an  air  drill  compressor  plant. 
The  Belcher  promises  to  become  a  great  factor 
in  the  development  of  the  mines  of  this  region 
as  its  product  is  just  what  is  needed  to  mix  with 
the  ores  of  Republic  camp  to  make  an  ideal 
smelting  ore.  With  a  smelter  near  the  foot 
of  Curlew  Lake  the  product,  of  the  two  camps 
can  be  treated  at  a  very  moderate  cost  as  it 
would  be  within  the  reach  of  the  ores 
of  both  camps.  It  would  be  reached  by 
the  lines  of  two  railroads  which  prac- 
tically   reach    every   mine    in    Republic    camp. 

The  Hawkeye  mine,  which  lies  near  the 
Belcher,  is  developed  by  a  shaft  240  feet  in 
depth  and  with  diamond  drills  to  a  depth  of 
over  400  feet.  The  ledge  is  upwards  of  100 
feet  in  width  and  carries  ores  similar  to  those 
found  in  the  Belcher  mine.  It  is  equipped  with 
a  fine  gasoline  hoist.  It  gives  promise  of  be- 
coming one  of  the  great  mines  of  this  region. 

There  are  a  number  of  camps  on  the  "South 
Half"  directly  tributary  to  Republic,  and  in 
Republic  the  greater  portion  of  the  business 
connected  with  these  mines  is  transacted. 
Twenty-six  miles  south  of  Republic  is  the 
Davis  Camp,  of  which  the  Park  &  Central  mine 
has  a  small  ledge  rich  in  native  silver.  Another 
silver-lead  property  is  the  Harvest,  with  an 
excellent  showing.  The  Ramore  property  is 
situated  wo  miles  from  the  Park  &  Central 
managed  b}'  a  Montana  company.  The  Moun- 
tain Boy  claim,  in  Park  City  camp,  was  worked 
by  A.  S.  Soule  and  Richard  Purcell.  They 
have  opened  a  ledge  that  promises  to  become 
a  producer  of  no  mean  proportions.  From  this 
new  find  an  assay  of  $227  in  gold,  silver,  cop- 
per and  lead  was  obtained,  and  a  general 
sample  taken  with  a  view  of  determining  the 
value  of  the  entire  ledge  returned  over  $30. 
Doubtless  sorted  ore  could  be  obtained  running 
over  $100. 

Hundreds  of  claims  on  Bridge  Creek,  Iron 
Creek,  Keller  and  on  the  Nespelim  are  owned 
by  Republic  people.     In  time  they  are  destined 


to  add  much  to  the  wealth  and  prosperity  of 
Ferry  county  and  Republic  Camp. 

The  Republic  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Com- 
pany was  the  first  to  declare  a  dividend  on  Fer- 
ry county  mines.  A  dividend  of  three  cents  a 
share,  or  $30,000  was  declared  payable  October 
10,  1898.  A  year  and  one-half  previously 
stock  in  this  company  was  selling  at  ten  cents 
a  share,  but  the  development  of  the  mine  was 
very  rapid  since  that  date. 

It  would  be  a  serious  omission  were  we 
to  close  this  chapter  on  the  mining  properties 
of  the  Eureka  District  without  reference  to 
George  W.  Runnels,  of  Camp  Keller,  Wash- 
ington, or  "Tenas  George,"  as  he  is  generally 
recognized  throughout  Eastern  Washington 
and  British  Columbia.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
state  of  ]\Iaine,  and  was  a  sailor  in  early  life, 
and  in  following  this  vocation  landed  on  the 
Pacific  coast  forty-three  years  ago.  Drifting 
into  the  mining  country  he  participated  in  all 
the  famous  stampedes,  and  invariably  man- 
aged to  secure  some  of  the  best  properties.  He 
has  taken  out  $300  daily  from  placer  claims, 
and  if  he  now  had  only  a  part  of  the  dust  he 
has  unearthed  he  would  not  be  troubled  con- 
cerning finances  during  the  remainder  of  his 
days.  "Tenas  George"  is  a  typical  miner  and 
frontiersman,  and  his  generosity  and  kind- 
ness so  predominates  over  his  rugged  and  ad- 
venturous nature  that  he  has  spent  his  money 
with  a  lavish  hand.  Any  case,  of  hard  luck, 
or  want,  coming  to  his  knowledge  impelled  him 
naturally  to  share  his  store  with  the  less  for- 
tunate of  his  fellow  creatures.  He  is  a  man  of 
indomitable  energy  and  enterprise,  and  for 
many  years  operated  pack  trains  and  trading 
posts  throughout  the  Indian  country. 

Revered  and  respected  is  "Tenas  George" 
among  the  Indians  and  not  without  good  rea- 
son. One  of  his  earliest  experiences  with  na- 
tives was  a  fierce  duel  with  knives  in  which 
a  lusty  young  buck  of  the  Sans  Poil  tribe  was 
the  aggressor.     This  Indian  still  lives  in  the 


436 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Sans  Foil  valley,  and  carries  long  scars  on  his 
body  in  testimony  of  the  prowess  of  the  yoting 
"Boston  man."  The  character  of  this  sketch  ap- 
pears to  have  borne  a  charmed  life.  On  sev- 
eral occasions  he  has  faced  other  .  desperate, 
men  in  mortal  combat  with  pistol  or  gun,  and 
in  every  case  his  antagonist  came  out  second 
best.  It  is  said  that  two  of  his  assailants  fell 
in  their  tracks,  being  overtaken  by  the  unerring 
aim  of  the  redoubtable  and  fearless  prospector. 
Mr.  Runnels  is  intelligent  and  singularly  well 
read  in  a  variety  of  subjects,  besides  being  an 
advanced  thinker.  He  is  a  careful  reader  of  the 
daily  press  and  the  author  of  several  poems  and 
ballads  of  considerable  merit.  For  a  Hfe 
partner  he  chose  the  flower  of  the  Sans  Foil 
tribe,  though  he  might  have  selected  one  of 
the  beauties  of  his  own  race,  had  he  so  desired. 
His  married  life  has  always  been  happy  and 
he  has  never  found  occasion  to  regret  his 
choice. 

Sufficient  hidden  treasure  has  been  discov- 
ered by  this  man  to  build  a  city  or  a  rail- 
road. Among  the  many  noted  quartz  mines 
he  staked  are  the  "Triune,"  in  Okanogan;  the 
"Golden  Eagle,"  at  Fairview,  in  British  Co- 
lumbia; the  "Trailer,"  "Tenderfoot,"  "Moun- 
tain Lion,"  and  "Last  Chance,"  in  Republic 
Camp;  the  "Iron  Mask,"  in  Kootenay  and  the 
famous  "Ironoclast"  on  the  Toloman  Mountain, 
in  the  "South  Half"  of  the  Colville  reservation. 
The  combined  value  of  these  properties  would 
furnish  wealth  enough  to  make  this  man  the 
J.  Fierpont  Morgan  of  the  Pacific  coast.  Mr. 
Runnell   says: 

"The  'Iconoclast'  is,  I  believe,  the  greatest 
mine  I  have  ever  staked.  I  discovered  this 
thirty-one  years  ago,  and  there,  on  that  stunted 
pine  treet,  are  the  marks  I  made  with  a  hatchet 
at  the  time  I  staked  it.  I  took  samples  of  the 
rock  to  Walla  Walla  and  old  Dr.  Day  assayed 
it  and  pronounced  it  good  copper  ore.  I  have 
held  that  ground  ever  since,  and  about  the  time 
the  reservation  was  thrown  open,  at  the  peril 
of  my  life,  for  other  men  were  there  to  seize 


the  claim,  I  secured  it  and  put  up  my  stakes. 
I  was  determined  no  one  should  get  it  without 
killing  me  first,  and  I  told  my  wife  that  if,  per- 
chance, I  lost  my  life  defending  the  Iconoclast 
against  the  intruders,  to  bury  me  on  the  claim." 
For  months  preceding  the  opening  of  the 
"South  Half"  to  mineral  entry,  "Tenas 
George"  stood  guard  with  his  Winchester  over 
the  Iconoclast,  and  though  the  temptation  was 
great,  none  ventured  to  dispossess  the  right- 
ful claimant. 

Following  is  the  list  of  mine  owners  in  Ferry 
county  and  the  total  value  of  properties,  includ- 
ing improvements,  as  appears  on  the  assessor's 
tolls : 

Apollo  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company.... $  40,585 

Belcher   Mining   Company   2,610 

Ben  Hur  Gold  Mining  Company 25,150 

Black  Tail  Gold  Mining  Company   30,775 

Bodie  Gold  Mining  Company   1,000 

Boundary  Mining  &  Milling  Company   900 

Boyd,  John   G   200 

Brimstone   Gold  Mining  Company   800 

Brooklyn  Gold  Mining  Company 200 

Brownlee,  M.  B 3.725 

Burns,    Dr.    Arthur    400 

Butte  &  Boston  Gold  Mining  Company 10,600 

Bowerman,  G.  Y 1,600 

Bryne  Mining  &  Milling  Company 300 

Chespa-Blue  Jay  Gold  Mining  Company 1,370 

Chico  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Company 10,200 

Congress  Gold  &  Copper  Mining  Company 17,200 

Conley  &  Hoffman  580 

Conners,  Tim   250 

Copper  Mountain  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Co.  .,  .  2,700 

Curlew  Valley  Mining  Company   4,200 

Curlew   Mining   Company    5,353 

Currie,  J.  A.  et  al 1,530 

Consolidated  Lucky  Gold  Mining  Company....  1,600 

Delta  Gold  Mining  Company 750 

Dickinson,    G.    W 1,875 

Dillsheimer,  Sig 1,000 

Doyle,   Ed 350 

Eureka  No.  I,  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Company..  870 

El  Caliph  Gold  Mining  Company 2,600 

Eureka  Gold  Mining  Company 1,000 

Eureka  District  Gold  Mining  Company 15,125 

Eureka  Queen  Gold  Mining  Company   958 

Flint,   P.  J 2,600 

Friend  Gold  Mining  Company 1,200 

Faithful-Surprise  Mining  Company   200 

Gold  Hill  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company. .  2,800 

Gold  Mountain  Mining  Company 600 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


437 


Gold  Mountain  &  Milling  Company l,ioo 

Golden  Eagle  Mining  Company    1,000 

Golden  Harvest  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Co..  S.ioo 

Golden   Lily   Mining   Company    612 

Graham,  George  A 250 

Golden    Lion    Little     Four    Consolidated    Gold 

Mines,  Limited 1,000 

Harvest  Silver-Lead  Mining  Company   600 

Hastings,  John  B  1,970 

Hawkeye  Mining  &  Milling  Company 6,000 

Herrington,  J.   S 3,658 

Herron,  George  W.,  et  al  1,200 

Hit  Or  Miss  Gold  Mining  Company  1,000 

Horse  Shoe  Gold  Mining  Company 500 

Hopkins,  John  &  Company 300 

Humbolt  Mining  Company 200 

Hane,  C.  F.   (Trustee)    860 

Iron  ^Mountain  Gold  Mining  Company 1,120 

Iron  Clad  Gold  Mining  Company 1,020 

Iconoclast   Consolidated    Mines    Company 2,200 

James  &  Heisel 1,000 

Jim  Blaine  Gold  Mining  Company 1,500 

Justice  Mining  Company 200 

Johnson,  Henry   800 

Kauffman,  Harry  1,750 

Keller,  J.  C 1,000 

Kens  Group   (J.  A.  :McJenkin  et  al.) 300 

Krum,  Charles  F 2,000 

Lame  Foot  Mining  &  Milling  Company 10,200 

Last  Chance  Mining  Company 500 

Latshaw,  George   1,050 

Lefevere,  J.  H 500 

Liberty  Gold  Mining  Company  700 

Little  Ruby  Placer  Mining  Company 5.200 

Looking  Backwards  Gold  Mining  Company 835 

Lone   Pine-Surprise   Consolidated   Gold   Mining 

Company   40,300 

Loraine  Copper  Mining  Company 750 

Lucile  Dreyfus  ^Mining  &  Milling  Company 10,300 

Mountain  Lion  Gold  ^Mining  Company  210,000 

McCann,  J.  W.  et  al  875 

Manila  Mining  &  Milling  Company 2,250 

Maud  S.  Mining  Company 150 

May,  John  F 550 

Meteor  Mining  Company  1,000 

Mineral  Hill  Consolidated  Mining  Company 1,600 

Morning  Glory  Gold  Mining  Company  6,100 

Madonna  Gold  Mining  Company 1,300 

McKinley  Mining  Company   250 

Mark  Tapley  Gold  Mining  Company  ytx, 

No.  6  Gold  Mining  Company  450 

No.  619  Gold  Mining  Company    1,670 

New  York  Mining  Company   500 

Northport  Smelting  &  Refining  Company  3,700 

Nonpareil  Mining  Company 750 

North  Star  Gold  Mining  Company   700 

O'Neil,  Mike  1,000 


North  San  Poll  Gold  Mining  Company 10,250 

Primrose  Gold  Mining  Company 960 

Pfunder,  Fred,  et  al 1,000 

Pillkahn,  Henry 100 

Paulson,  J.  M 200 

Princess  Maud  Gold  Mining  Company   5, 100 

Park  &  Central  Mining  Company  560 

Pahl,   George   500 

Palo  Alto  Gold  Mining  Company 1,000 

Pfeft'erle,  Julius  et  al  1,000 

Percy,   H.  L 100 

Peterson,  Gus  500 

Quilp  Gold  Mining  Company  68,000 

Republic  Big  Six  Mining  &  Milling  Company.  .  i.ooo 

Reservation  Mining  &  Improvement  Company. .  700 

Republic  Hill   Consolidated  Mining   Company. .  1,000 

Republic  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company. .  23,815 

Republic  Power  &  Cyaniding  Company 10,800 

Ryan,  Thomas   15,605 

Republic  Iron  Mask  Gold  Mining  Company  ....  1,000 

Roszana  Mining  Company 2,050 

Ryan  &  Clark  825 

Ritter,  J.  E 1,000 

Republic  Mining  &  Improvement  Company....  3.820 

Republic   Mining  Company,  No.   2 6,700 

Reservation  Mining  &  Milling  Company   4,700 

Rebate   Gold   Mining   Company    2,250 

Ramore  Mining  Company   860 

Seaman  &  Anderson   200 

San  Poll  Gold  Mining  Company   45,875 

Shonee  Mining  &  Milling  Company  675 

Silver  Creek  Mining  &  Milling  Company 1,000 

Silver  Hill  Mining  &  Milling  Company 1,000 

Silver  Dollar  Gold  Mining  Company  1,150 

Stack,  John   250 

Standard  Gold  Mining  Company   1,100 

Summit  Mining  &  Milling  Company  500 

Sheridan  Mining  Company 830 

Stray  Horse  Mining  Company  3,815 

Summit  Republic  Gold  Mining  Company  900 

Temple,  George  H 50 

Tate,  E.   L.   et  al   1,000 

Tuesday  Development  Company   1,600 

Teasdale,   Clarence  J 35,200 

Troubadour  Gold  Mining  Company  800 

Tom  Thuriib  Gold  Mining  Company 65,000 

Valley  Gold  Mining  Company 600 

Valley,  Mrs.  A 155 

Whidden,   Chris    100 

White  Swan  Mining  &  Milling  Company 250 

Wannacott,   Fred  E   250 

Wakefield,  W.  J.  C.  and  D.  Clark 250 

White,  Henry  and  John  A.  Finch 725 

Zala   Consolidated  Mining  Company   8,000 

Zip  Consolidated  Mining  &  Milling  Company...  1,000 

Total  $879,296 


438 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  patented 
mines  in  Ferry  county,  and  also  the  names  of 
those  to  whom  the  patents  were  granted : 

Damiana,  Jim  Crow,  Pickwick,  Victoria, 
Yerba  Bueno,  all  placer  mines — W.  M.  Clark. 
Last  Lode — Joseph  Schuster,  P.  G.  Cartmell, 
Mattie  Scherette.  Casteel — John  Gumming. 
Mono  and  Wednesday — J.  j\I.  Bewdey.  New- 
ton and  Newton  Fraction — C.  C.  Woodhouse, 
Jr.  Delaware  and  Tessie  Fraction — C.  C. 
Woodhouse,  Jr.  Spring,  Good  Leather,  M' 
Liss,  Jim  Crow — C.  C.  Wodhouse,  Jr. 
Wabash  (placer) — George  M.  Miller  and 
William  Alaretta.  Belcher — Golden  Fleece  & 
Roman  Eagle  Mining  &  Milling  Company. 
Home — John  McCann,  Alex  Howie,  Hallie 
Wilmot.  Speculation  and  Sunshine  Fraction — 
Philip  Greaser.  Princess  Maud  Fraction — 
Princess  Maud  Gold  Mining  Comapny.  Heart 
Solo — Golden  Eagle  Mining  Company.  Eu- 
reka Queen  and  Silent  Fraction — Eureka  Queen 
Gold  Mining  Company.  Portland — Martin  A. 
Mitchell  and  George  W.  Woodhouse.  Trade 
Dollar — C.  C.  Woodhouse,  jr,  and  J.  W. 
McCann.  San  Poil  Fraction — C.  C.  Wood- 
house,  Jr.,  and  W.  H.  Kells.  Republic — Re- 
public Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Comapny. 
Blue  Jacket,  Rosa  and  Ethol — Harry  Kauf- 
man, Frank  Hanford,  William  Stewart,  W. 
J.  Grambs  and  George  B.  Kittinger.  Iron 
Mountain,  Lame  Foot,  Holyoke,  et  al — Jacob 
Goetz.  Acme.  Dewey,  Colfax  and  Stephinite 
— George  M.  Forster.  Chico,  Jim  Blaine,  Frac- 
tion, Standard  Fraction — Patrick  Callahan. 
Baby  Fraction — North  San  Poil  Gold  Alining 
Company.  Ben  Hur — Ben  Hur  Gold  Mining 
Company.  Contention  (placer) — Thomas  E. 
Dulin  and  J.  B.  Meyers.,^  Iron  Clad — Philip 
Creaser.  Copper  Bell — Philip  Greaser.  Iron 
Mask — Philip  Creaser.  Greater  New  York  and 
Lucky  Two  Fraction — J.  W.  McCann,  Butte, 
Butte  Fraction,  Comstock  and  Comstock  Frac- 
tion—  Northport  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany. Copper  Queen,  Copper  Queen  Fraction. 
Allis   and    .-Mlis   Fraction — Northport   Mining 


and  Smelting  Company.  Deer  Park  Lode — 
Grant  A.  Stewart.  James  Cottini  and  W.  Robert 
Hughes.  St.  Peter  (placer) — Curlew  Valley 
Mining  Company.  Frances  (placer) — Cur- 
lew Valley  Mining  Company.  Discovery — 
Sheridan  Mining  Company.  Lost  Lode  Min- 
ing Claim — Joseph  Schuster  et  al.  Nip  and 
Tuck — Cornelius  Sheehan  et  al.  Erdman  and 
Blue  Jacket  Fraction — Erdman  Mining  Com- 
pany. Rosa  Fraction — Fred  M.  Wells.  Hit 
or  Miss — Hit  or  Miss  Gold  Mining  Company. 
Heart  Solo — Golden  Eagle  Mining  Company. 
Tessie — Louis  P.  Hunner  et  al.  Shonee  No. 
2 — Shonee  Mining  &  Milling  Comany.  Red 
Clifif — John  Winker.  Surprise  Fraction,  Last 
Shot  Fraction,  Ida  and  Spokane — James  S. 
Herrington.  Noonday — J.  F.  May.  Nip  and 
Tuck  Fraction — Cornelius  Sheehan  and  heirs 
of  Patrick  Callahan.  Protection  Fraction- 
Timothy  Connors.  Ruby — Fred  Pfunder, 
James  Cottini,  Emma  M.  Brown  and  Ben 
Garigen.  Deer  Park — Grant  A.  Stewart, 
James  Cottini,  and  Robert  Hughes.  Flying 
Cloud — J.  E.  Ritter  and  J.  E.  Dettweiler. 
Sampson  Fraction — Henry  Pillkahn.  Protec- 
tion, Yale  and  Apollo — Hobart  B.  Ives.  ]Mor- 
mon — Hobart  B.  Ives.  Chespa  and  Hunt  and 
Hill — Chespa  Blue  Jay  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany. Peacemaker  and  Eureka  Fractions — 
Patrick  Callahan  and  William  Teague.  Tom 
Thumb,  Alidget,  Red  Fir,  Hannah  Simpson, 
Rebate  Fraction — Tom  Thumb  Gold  Mining 
&  Milling  Company.  Plug  Hat — Tom  Thumb 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  Quilp — 
George  H.  Braley  et  al.  Standard — James  B. 
Herrington.  Seattle,  Noonday  and  Trilby — 
James  S.  Harrington.  Mountain  Belle  and 
Mountain  Belle  Fraction — Friend  Gold  Min- 
ing Company.  Lucky — Charles  H.  Wolf, 
Frank  H.  Graves.  I.  N.  Campbell  and  J.  P. 
Graves.  North  Star  Fraction — C.  F.  Hone, 
(trustee.)  Lone  Pine,  Pearl,  Surprise  and 
Last  Chance — James  Clark.  One  Hundred 
and  One — Republic  Consolidated  Gold  Mining 
Company.      Great      Hope — Republic    Consoli- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


439 


dated  Gold  Mining  Company.  Portland — 
Republic  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company. 
Minerva  Fraction — the  same.  Luna  Fraction 
— the  same.  Elliott — the  same.  Monday — 
J.  C.  Keller  and  J.  W.  McCann.  Hilo,  Tues- 
day Fraction  No.  i,  Tuesday,  Sunday  and 
Hilo  Fraction  No.  i — Republic  Power  and 
Cyaniding  Company.  Gopher — Gopher  Gold 
]\Iining  Company.  Mountain  Lion,  Flatiron, 
Last  Chance  and  Mountain  Lion  Mill  Site — • 
W.  H.  Brown  et  al.  Alpine  Fraction,  Lily 
Fraction,  and  Treasury  Fraction — Republic 
Hill  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company. 

At  the  present  writing  sanguine  hopes  are 
entertained  by  the  residents  of  Republic  Camp 
that  the  new  Hendryx  cyaniding  process  is  des- 
tined to  work  a  revolution  in  mining  industries 
in  this  immediate  vicinity.  Of  this  process  Dr. 
W.  A.  Hendryx,  the  inventor  says : 

"The  claims  made  for  the  process  are: 
First,  that  it  will  extract  all  the  values  that 
any  cyanide  process  can;  second,  that  it  will 
deposit  the  precious  metals  in  the  form  of 
marketable  bullion  without  the  intervention  of 
any  troublesome  precipitating  and  refining 
process ;  third,  that  it  will  make  the  extraction 
with  less  cyanide  on  account  of  the  perfect 
aeration  and  the  regenerating  action  of  the 
electric  current;  fourth,  that  it  will  do  this 
work  at  a  much  less  expense  for  plant  and  op- 
erating costs  than  the  ordinary  methods ;  fifth, 
that  it  is  especially  adapted  to  handling  tail- 
ings from  amalgamation  and  concentration 
plants  already  equipped  and  running.  It  is  a 
process  for  the  extraction  of  the  precious 
metals  from  ores  and  mill  tailings  by  means  of 
cyanide  of  potassium  in  very  dilute  solution 
(usually  one  pound  of    cyanide    per    ton    of 


water)  and  depositing  the  metals  so  dissolved 
upon  metal  plates  by  the  agency  of  an  electric 
current.  The  essential  mechanical  feature  is 
the  Hendryx  agitator,  which  consists  of  a 
cylindrical  tank  having  a  conical  bottom.  In 
the  center  of  the  tank  is  a  cylindrical  well,  in 
which  a  vertical  shaft  revolves  carrying  two 
or  more  screw  propellers,  and  driven  by  a 
pulley  above  the  tank.  In  the  tank  outside 
the  well  the  anode  and  cathode  plates  are  placed 
and  supplied  with  current  from  a  small  dyna- 
mo. The  ore  is  crushed  to  the  proper  fineness 
and  charged  into  the  agitator  together  with  the 
the  water  and  chemicals.  The  revolution  of 
the  propellers  in  the  well  creates  a  strong  up- 
ward current  there,  which  immediately  starts 
agitation  in  the  tank  and  circulation  of  the 
whole  charge  upward  through  the  well  and 
downward  through  the  electrically  charged 
plates.  Thus  the  extraction  of  the  gold  and 
silver  by  cyanide,  through  aeration  of  the 
charge,  and  deposition  of  the  precious  metals 
are  going  out  at  the  same  time." 

There  are  at  present  no  developed  marble 
quarries  in  Ferry  county,  although  in  time 
some  valuable  properties  will  doubtless  be 
worked.  Until  September,  1903,  no  marble 
claims  had  been  recorded,  but  at  that  time  some 
claims  were  taken  up  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
town  of  Danville,  near  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  county.  These  claims  are  along  Lone 
Ranch  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Kettle  river. 
The  gentlemen  who  have  located  these  claims 
and  who  are  at  present  endeavoring  to  interest 
capital  in  their  development  are  J.  C.  Stutz,  S. 
E.  Belt,  T.  E.  Dulin,  S.  C.  Gates  and  L.  B. 
Dulin. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


At  the  opening  of  the  year  1898  there  was 
no  school  in  the  territory  now  embraced  within 
the  boundaries  of  Ferry  county.  Early  in  the 
spring  of  that  year  agitation  was  begun  for 
the  establishment  of  a  school  in  Republic 
Camp.  At  that  period  it  was  estimated  that 
there  were  at  least  one  hundred  children  of 
school  age  in  the  camp ;  the  citizens  wisely  de- 
cided that  it  was  high  time  to  make  some  ar- 
rangements for  the  elementary  education  of 
their  children. 

There  were  no  funds  in  the  Stevens  county 
treasury  at  that  time  which  could  be  used  for 
public  school  purposes,  and  Ferry  had  not  then 
been  set  off  from  Stevens  county;  but  a  little 
thing  like  that  did  not  serve  to  deter  the  enter- 
prising people  of  the  new  camp,  or  in  the  least 
discourage  them.  It  was  decided  to  circulate 
a  subscription  paper  for  the  purpose  of  realiz- 
ing funds  with  which  to  build  and  equip  a 
school  house:  maintenance  to  be  provided  by 
a  small  tuition  fee.  It  required  but  a  short 
time  to  organize  this  school  after  the  agitation 
was  well  under  way;  within  a  very  few  daj'S 
all  necessary  funds  were  provided.  Patrick 
Clark,  the  prominent  mining  man,  donated  the 
lumber  for  the  building  and,  also,  a  flag  and 
flag-staff.  A  number  of  carpenters  were  quite 
generous  with  their  labor,  and  within  a  re- 
markably short  time  the  building  was  erected. 
The  committee  in  charge  of  the  construction 
reported  as  follows:  Expenditures — Lumber 
and  flag-pole.  S151 ;  labor  and  supplies.  $149.- 
80;  total.  $300.80.  Receipts — From  Patrick 
Clark,  $151 :  collections  from  citizens.  $136.90. 
This  left  the  new  school  in  debt  $12.90,  but 


this  amount  was  immediately  contributed  and 
the  school  commenced  free  of  debt. 

jMonday,  June  27,  the  school  opened  with 
an  attendance  of  30  scholars,  under  the  tutor- 
ship of  Mrs.  W.  R.  Collins.  There  were 
twenty-six  little  "home-made"  benches,  and 
desks,  all  smooth  and  utterly  devoid  of  paint 
or  varnish.  The  institution  began  very 
auspicously.  During  the  first  week  claases 
were  formed  and  the  school  graded.  The  chil- 
dren were  drilled  in  exercises  to  be  held  at  the 
Fourth  of  July  celebration  and  this  proved  one 
of  the  most  enjoyable  features  in  the  first  In- 
dependence Day  celebration  in  Republic  camp. 

Educational  aft'airs  in  western  Stevens 
county  (which  became  Ferry  county  the  fol- 
lowing year),  caused  considerable  discussion 
during  the  summer  of  1898,  and  a  number  of 
mass  and  indignation  meetings  held  in  the  town 
of  Republic  resulted.  It  appears  that  this  was 
owing  to  a  series  of  misunderstandings  con- 
cerning the  actions  of  County  Superintendent 
O.  J.  Smith,  who  was  the  responsible  head  of 
the  school  in  the  new  town.  During  the  latter 
part  of  July  Mr.  Smith  came  to  Republic  and, 
it  is  claimed,  without  consulting  many  of  the 
citizens,  organized  a  school  district  and  named 
A.  S.  Soule,  H.  C.  Parliment  and  E.  M.  Hodg- 
son as  a  school  board.  The  new  board  immedi- 
ately organized  and,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Smith,  proceeded  to  business.  They  levied  a 
five  mill  tax  on  the  assesed  valuation  of  the 
district,  which  yielded  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$3,500.  This  having  been  accomplished  it  was 
ordered  that  $850  worth  of  school  furniture 
be  purchased ;  the  selections  were  made  and  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


441 


goods  ordered.  James  E.  Pickerel,  of  Colville, 
who  accompanied  the  county  superintendent  to 
Repubhc,  was  employed  by  the  board  as  prin- 
cipal at  a  salary  of  $1,000  per  annum,  and  it  was 
also  decided  to  engage  an  assistant  principal  at 
a  salary  of  $65  per  month.  Arrangements 
were  also  made  for  the  erection  of  an  expensive 
and  commodious  school  building.  It  was  not 
until  several  days  afterward  that  the  people  of 
Republic,  generally  learned  that  a  district  had 
been  formed,  and  of  the  actions  of  the  new 
board.  Then  a  mass  meeting  was  immediately 
called  which  was  largely  attended.  A.  W. 
Strong  was  made  chairman  of  the  meeting,  and 
the  views  of  many  of  the  citizens  of  Republic 
Camp  were  voiced  in  forceful  language.  It  was 
estimated  that  the  tax  of  five  mills,  together 
with  money  which  would  be  received  from  the 
state  and  county,  would  realize  about  $10,000 
available  for  the  school  district.  This  amount 
was  considered  to  be  far  in  excess  of  the  de- 
mands of  the  new  district  at  that  time.  For 
the  number  of  scholars  in  the  district  the  pres- 
ent accommodations  were  considered  sufficient. 
Following  considerable  earnest  discussion  it 
was  decided  to  name  a  committee  to  confer 
with  the  newly  appointed  board  with  a  view  to 
arranging  matters  more  in  accordance  with  the 
expressed  wishes  of  the  people.  John  Stack, 
R.  B.  Curry  and  P.  I.  Rothrock  were  named  as 
this  committee.  These  gentlemen  met  with  the 
board  and  a  decision  was  reached  to  cut  the  tax 
from  five  to  one  and  one-ha|f  mills,  and  to 
utilize  for  a  school  house  the  building  which 
had  already  been  erected  for  that  purpose  by 
the  citizens  of  Republic.  It  was  also  decided 
that,  in  order  to  accommodate  the  school  chil- 
dren in  the  north  end  of  town,  a  building 
should  be  rented  there  for  school  purposes. 

The  school  question  was  not  satisfactorily 
settled,  however,  until  August  20.  On  that 
date  the  school  board  held  a  meeting  to  which 
the  public  was  invited,  and  a  large  number  of 
Republic's  citizens  and  taxpayers  were  present. 
The  trustees  reported  that  to  conduct  a  nine- 


months'  school  it  would  be  necessary  to  levy  a 
three-mill  tax.  To  this  there  appeared  no  seri- 
ous objection  and  the  matter  was  disposed  of. 
Mrs.  Ellen  W.  Collins,  who  had  had  charge  of 
the  school  the  previous  term,  was  elected  prin- 
cipal, and  Miss  Ellen  Gailbroth,  of  Deer  Lodge, 
Montana,  was  selected  to  conduct  the  school  in 
the  North  Town.  Thus  all  the  disagreeable 
"kinks"  that  had  ben  connected  with  the  school 
matters  were  amicably  straightened  out  and 
matters  satisfactorily  adjusted. 

Monday,  September  12,  the  two  schools 
opened.  Fifty-two  scholars  were  enrolled  in 
the  school  of  the  lower  town,  and  seventeen  in 
the  upper  town.  Within  three  weeks  after  the 
opening  of  school  eighty-seven  pupils  were  en- 
rolled in  the  two  institutions. 

The  schools  in  Republic  Camp  were  not 
long  destined  to  remain  the  only  ones  in  Ferry 
county.  Shortly  after  the  Republic  District 
was  formed  a  school  was  established  at  Nel- 
son (now  Danville,)  and  when  the  rush  to  the 
"South  Half"  of  the  reservation  occurred,  the 
county's  third  school  was  organized  at  the  town 
of  Keller.  This  district  to-day  is  the  only  one 
in  the  "South  Half"  of  the  reservation  in  Ferry 
county. 

With  the  organization  of  the  county,  early 
in  1899,  George  A.  Graham  became  the  first 
county  superintendent  of  schools.  From  his 
report  for  the  school  year  ending  June  30  of 
that  year,  we  learn  that  there  were  261  children 
of  school  age  in  the  county.  Of  these  190 
were  enrolled  in  the  public  schools,  and  there 
was  an  average  daily  attendance  of  ninety-four. 
Three  teachers  were  employed  in  the  county, 
and  three  schoolars  were  graduated  from  the 
common  school  course  at  the  close  of  the 
term.  There  were  two  school  buildings  in  the 
county — one  frame  and  one  log  structure,  the 
latter  in  Keller,  and  the  former  in  the  lower 
town  of  Republic.  The  total  value  of  the  school 
property  in  the  county,  including  building?, 
grounds,  furniture,  apparatus,  etc..  as  estimated 
bv  Mr. Graham,  was  $1,080.  \\'hile  school  facil- 


442 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ities  in  Republic,  established  in  1898,  were  amply  i 
sufficient  at  that  period,  the  rapid  growth  of 
the  town  demanded  later  that  a  larger  building 
be  constructed.  In  the  summer  of  1899  it  be- 
came apparent  that  the  present  accommodations 
were  entirely  inadequate,  and  a  special  election 
was  called  for  the  purpose  of  voting  on  the 
proposition  to  issue  $15,000  bonds.  The  elc- 
tion  was  held  July  21.  Of  the  123  votes 
cast,  seventy-five  were  in  favor  of  the  bonds. 
It  was  at  once  decided  to  erect  a  school  build- 
ing on  the  lots  donated  by  Mr.  Patrick  Clark 
a  year  previous,  which  real  estate  by  this  time 
had  reached  a  value  of  $3,000.  The  bonds 
were  sold  to  Keene  &  Company,  of  Chicago,  at 
par,  bearing  five  and  one-half  per  cent  interest. 
The  building  was  completed  in  1900,  and  on 
April  2  the  public  school  of  Republic  camp 
moved  into  the  new  quarters.  The  building  is 
a  handsome  structure,  and  one  in  which  the 
citizens  take  great  pride.  A  two-room  build- 
ing was  also  erected  in  North  Republic. 

During  the  school  year  ending  June  30th, 
1900,  no  new  districts  were  added,  but  there 
was  a  gratifying  increase  in  the  school  attend- 
ance. This  year  six  teachers  were  employed 
within  the  county.  The  number  of  children  of 
school  age  increased  to  728.  Three  hundred 
and  nine  scholars  were  enrolled  in  the  schools, 
and  there  w^as  an  average  daily  attendance  of 
183.  The  handsome  Republic  school  building 
was  erected  this  year,  and  the  total  value  of 
school  property  in  the  county  rose  to  $22,150. 
During  the  school  year  of  1901  the  fourth  dis- 
trict in  the  county  was  organized.  This  was 
at  a  point  on  the  Kettle  Falls  wagon  road,  east 
of  Republic.  This  year,  also,  showed  large 
gains  in  attendance.     Of  668  children    in   the 


county,  433  were  enrolled  in  the  schools  and 
there  was  an  average  attendance  of  290.  Nine 
teachers  were  employed,  and  two  new  buildings 
erected  this  year. 

In  1902  there  were  nine  school  districts  in 
Ferry  county,  five  having  been  organized  dur- 
ing the  year.  Children  of  school  age  num- 
bered 627;  enrolled  in  schools,  480;  and  in 
daily  attendance,  355.  Fifteen  teachers  were 
required  to  conduct  the  schools  and  seven  pu- 
pils closed  the  common  school  course  of  study. 
Six  new  school  houses  made  their  appearance. 
At  Republic,  Danville,  Keller  and  Curlew  the 
schools  maintained  more  than  one  department. 
The  report  of  County  Superintendent  Miss  Jo- 
sephine Grimm  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1903,  gives  a  comprehensive  idea  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  schools  at  present.  There  are  thirteen 
districts  in  the  county.  Children  of  school  age 
number  689.  There  are  enrolled  476,  with  an 
average  daily  attendance  of  364,  divided  as  to 
sex  as  follows:  males,  191 ;  females,  173.  Dur- 
ing the  year  school  was  maintained  on  an  av- 
erage of  five  and  seven-thirteenths  months. 
Twenty  teachers  were  employed — three  gentle- 
men and  seventeen  ladies.  The  average  month- 
ly salary  of  male  teachers  is  $88.26,  and  female 
teachers  receive  an  average  of  $65.37  a  month. 
The  number  of  pupils  w'ho  took  the  first  years' 
course  was  102;  second,  95;  third,  89;  fourth, 
j8 ;  fifth,  76 ;  sixth,  42 ;  seveith,  23 ;  eighth,  25 ; 
ninth,  8.  There  are  tw-elve  school  houses  in  the 
county,  having  a  total  seating  capacity  of  647. 
At  Republic  the  first  year  high  school  course  is 
taught.  Eleven  of  the  thirteen  districts  have 
a  bonded  indebtedness.  Of  the  twenty  teachers 
employed  five  hold  first-grade  certificates, 
}  eleven  second  grade  and  four  third  grade. 


CHAPTER    V. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


To  a  limited  extent  the  contour,  boundaries 
and  area  of  Ferry  county  have  been  described 
in  Chapter  I,  of  Part  III.  At  one  period  the 
entire  territory  of  Ferry  county  was  included 
in  the  Colville  Indian  reservation,  which  then 
comprised  an  area  seventy  miles  square, 
bounded  on  the  east  and  south  by  the  Colum- 
bia, on  the  west  by  the  Okanogan  and  on  the 
north  by  the  International  Boundary.  As  has 
been  previously  stated  the  north  half  of  this 
reservation  was  thrown  open  to  homestead  set- 
tlement October  lo,  1900,  and  this  portion 
comprised  a  territory  of  35  miles  north  and 
south,  and  about  70  miles  east  and  west,  ex- 
tending into  Okanogan  county  as  far  west  as 
the  Okanogan  river.  The  eastern  half,  which 
includes  Ferry  county,  is  mountainous,  trav- 
ersed by  quite  a  number  of  small  streams;  the 
agricultural  lands  in  this  portion  being  con- 
fined, generally,  to  the  valleys  and  bench  lands 
bordering  the  valleys.  In  the  Ferry  county 
portion  of  what  was  once  the  Indian  reserva- 
tion, most  of  the  land  of  any  value  is  already 
occupied,  either  by  allotments  to  the  In- 
dians or  by  homesteaders.  The  western 
half,  in  Okanogan  county,  is  a  combina- 
tion of  mountain,  hill,  table  land  and  valley. 
Forming  the  western  border  of  the  reserva- 
tion is  the  valley  of  the  Okanogan  river,  with 
an  elevation  of  about  800  feet  above  sea  level ; 
the  central  portion  is  rolling  table  land,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  3,000  to  4.000  feet,  cul- 
minating in  Alt.  Bonaparte,  6,000  feet  high, 
and  covered  with  a  mantle  of  perpetual  snow. 
In  Ferry  county,  along  Curlew  Lake,  and 
creek,  the  Kettle  river  and  tributary  streams, 
are  choice  patches  of  very   fertile  soil  which 


has  been  made  to  yield  abundantly.  Perhaps 
the  largest  area  of  farming  and  grazing  land 
is  west  and  northwest  of  Republic  Camp.  The 
country  is  generally  open,  with  scattering  trees 
here  and  there.  Grazing  lands  extend  to  the 
mountain  tops,  affording  excellent  opportun- 
ities for  those  agriculturists  who  practice 
diversified  farming.  Along  the  lower  levels 
are  rich  and  fertile  spots  upon  which  all  of 
the  hardy  northern  grains  and  vegetables  may 
be  raised,  while  the  surrounding  hills  offer 
ample  room  upon  which  to  graze  large  herds 
of  cattle,  a  ready  market  for  which  is  afforded 
at  Republic. 

^Vith  the  exception  of  the  higher  elevations 
where  the  frequency  of  frost  interferes,  all 
description  of  northern  grown  fruits,  apples, 
plums,  peaches,  prunes  and  apricots  may  be 
si'.ccessfully  cultivated.  All  varieties  of  vege- 
tables, including  watermelons,  muskmelons  and 
canteloupes  are  also  raised.  Climatic  condi- 
tions vary  in  different  localities,  but  in  general 
are  as  above  described.  Year  by  year  new 
roads  are  made  to  Republic  and  kept  in  excel- 
lent  condition   for  travel. 

Embraced  in  the  geological  structure  of  the 
"North  Half"  of  Ferry  county  are  a  series  of 
uplifts  and  synclinals,  with  a  general  dip  of 
the  strata  southeastward.  A  prominent  basal- 
tic ridge,  about  one  mile  southeast  of  the  center 
of  Republic  Camp,  rises  to  about  1,400  feet 
above  the  bed  of  the  Sans  Poll  river,  the  princi- 
pal stream  of  the  district.  The  apices  of  the 
ridge  strike  out  six  degrees  east  of  north,  with 
the  strata  dipping  away  from  them  on  either 
side.  A  similar  basaltic  uplift,  capped  with 
obsidian,   lies   westward  nine   miles,   near  the 


444 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Okanogan  county  line.  A  gradual  slope  on  the 
west  side  on  the  latter  descends  to  the  sinus  of 
a  synchinal  in  Archsen  granite,  with  a  belt  of 
syenite  to  the  west.  The  east  side  of  the  first 
mentioned  uplift  also  presents  a  gradual  slope, 
but  the  slopes  toward  the  Sans  Foil  river  are 
steep  and  precipitous  for  a  considerable  dis- 
tance, with  a  gentle  slope  to  the  sinus  which  lies 
in  an  intermediate  basin  six  or  eight  miles 
wide,  and  is  traversed  by  a  low  range  of  wind- 
ing hills,  wherein  are  situated  many  of  the 
principal  mines  of  the  Eureka  District.  Several 
miles  east  of  Republic  Camp  another  basaltic 
uplift  is  observable,  near  Kettle  river;  between 
it  and  the  center  one  are  situated  the  Gold 
Ledge,  California,  Hawkeye,  Belcher  and  other 
valuable  properties. 

An  excellent  system  of  wagon  roads  is 
maintained  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  Ferry  county.  North  from  Republic  is  a 
good  road  to  Grand  Forks,  B.  C,  now  sup- 
planted by  railroads  for  through  travel,  but 
convenient  for  local  haulage,  having  branches 
to  all  the  farming  settlements  in  the  Kettle 
river  and  Curlew  valleys.  To  the  south  the 
Sans  Foil  road  leads  through  the  "South  Half" 
to  Wilbur,  Lincoln  county,  a  distance  of  over 
eighty  miles  through  a  most  promising  mineral 
country.  To  the  west,  extending  through 
Okanogan  county,  is  a  wagon  road  built  by 
the  state,  tapping  a  large  area  of  farming  and 
stock-raising  country.  Quite  a  fair  road  leads 
to  the  Myers  Creek  district,  to  the  northwest, 
also  in  Okanogan  county. 

The  fertility  of  Ferry  county  soil  is  every- 
where in  evidence.  Here  is  the  famous  bunch 
grass  which  has  the  same  wonderful  qualities 
for  feed  in  winter  that  has  made  the  buffalo 
grass  of  the  plains  so  noted.  It  has  the  addi- 
tional good  quality  of  growing  to  a  height 
suitable  for  mowing  for  hay,  and  it  makes  a 
feed  that  is  highly  prized  by  stockmen  of  the 
country  as  next  to  alfalfa.  It  is  found  every- 
where— in  the  valleys,  on  the  hillside,  in  the 
timber  land  and  up  the  sides  of  the  mountains 


to  their  extreme  summits — e\ery\vhere  in  the 
same  generous  abundance. 

To  the  ardent  sportsman  Ferry  county 
offers,  and  for  many  years  to  come  will  continue 
to  offer,  a  broad  field  for  all  varieties  of  game 
found  between  the  northern  Cascades  and 
Rockies.  The  forest-fringed  hills,  the  beauti- 
ful pastoral  valleys  and  the  picturesque 
streams  afford  alike  to  the  hunter  and  fisher- 
man a  paradise  of  pleasure.  Among  small 
game  of  the  feathered  species  may  be  enumer- 
ated blue  grouse,  sharp-tail  grouse,  or  prairie 
chicken,  ruff  grouse,  pheasant,  spruce  part- 
ridge or  fool-hen,  curlew,  willet,  upland  plover, 
rail,  jacksnipe,  geese,  cranes,  ducks  and  swans. 
Several  varieties  of  deer  are  abundant,  in- 
cluding the  black-tail,  or  Columbia  deer,  Vir- 
ginia and  mule-deer,  black,  brown  and  silver 
tip  bears,  cougars,  mountain  lions  and  '"bob 
cats." 

The  principal  streams  within  the  limits  of 
Ferry  county  are  the  Kettle  and  Sans  Foil 
rivers,  the  former  forming  a  portion  of  the 
boundary  line  between  Ferry  and  Stevens 
counties.  Into  these  streams  flow  a  large 
number  of  creeks,  and  though  devoid  of  any 
large  or  important  lakes,  with  the  exception 
of  Karanip,  or  Curlew  lake,  the  county  is  well 
watered  by  numerous  small  streams.  The 
Sans  Foil  river  rises  in  a  mountain  a  few  miles 
west  of  the  Okanogan  county  line,  and  flows 
in  a  southerly  direction  past  Republic  Camp 
and  down  the  western  half  of  Ferry  county  to 
the  Columbia,  debouching  at  Clark  postoffice, 
on  the  latter  stream.  The  Kettle  river,  whose 
source  is  far  to  the  northwest,  in  the  bunch 
grass  country  of  British  Columbia,  flows  in  a 
nearly  southeastern  direction,  making  a  bold 
sweeping  bend  into  the  northern  portion  of 
Ferry  county,  thence  trending  northward  back 
into  British  Columbia,  and  at  Cascade  City,  at 
the  foot  of  Christiana  Lake,  forming  an  abrupt 
elbow,  whence  it  flows  southeasterly  and  joins 
the  Columbia  at  Marcus,  Stevens  countv. 


CHAPTER  VL 


POLITICAL. 


Previous  to  the  general  election  of  Novem- 
ber 8,  1898,  there  was  some  doubt  in  the  minds 
of  the  people  as  to  the  right  of  citizens  living 
on  the  Colville  Indian  reservation  to  vote.  This 
doubt  arose  from  a  ruling  by  Judge  \V.  E. 
Richardson.  The  case,  which  was  tried  before 
him,  was  a  mandamus  proceeding  brought  by 
citizens  of  Stevens  county  to  compel  County 
Auditor  Metcalfe,  of  Stevens  county,  to  place 
on  the  official  ballot  the  names  of  candidates  for 
county  offices  on  what  was  known  as  the  "Cit- 
izens' Ticket."  Judge  Richardson  denied  the 
application,  and  among  his  other  findings  was 
one  to  the  effect  that  126  of  the  electors  who 
met  in  joint  convention  and  nominated  the 
ticket,  were  not,  as  a  matter  of  law,  residents 
and  electors  of  Stevens  county  owing  to  the  fact 
that  they  resided  upon  the  north  half  of  the  Col- 
ville Indian  reservation.  This  was  before  the 
separation  of  Ferry  from  Stevens  county. 

This  ruling,  which  signified,  practically,  the 
disfranchisement  of  the  voters  of  the  reserva- 
tion, created  a  storm  of  indignant  protest  in  the 
territory  which  a  few  months  afterward  was  to 
become  Ferry  county.  The  case  was  appealed 
to  the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  This  bench, 
a  few  days  before  election,  handed  down  a 
decision  overruling  the  superior  judge.  Au- 
ditor Metcalfe  was  directed  to  place  upon  the 
tickets  the  names  of  the  candidates  of  the  "Citi- 
zens' Ticket,"  and  to  deliver  the  ballots  at  the 
polling  places  in  the  county,  and  particularly  at 
the  precincts  on  the  north  half  of  the  Colville 
reservation,  before  the  opening  of  the  polls  on 
Tuesday,  November  8. 

At  the  election  302  ballots  were  cast,  which 
was  estimated  to  represent  only  about  half  of 


the  qualified  electors  of  the  district.  Although 
the  auditor  had  been  ordered  by  the  supreme 
court  to  furnish  "Citizens'  Ticket"  ballots  for 
the  voters  of  the  reservation,  he  had  not  done 
so,  and  those  who  desired  to  vote  that  ticket 
were  compelled  to  use  "stickers."  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  county  commissioner  for  the 
first  district,  every  candidate  on  the  "Citizens' 
Ticket"  carried  the  precinct  by  fair  majorities. 
Following  is  the  result  of  the  vote  in  the  terri- 
tory known  as  the  "north  half"  of  Ferry,  then 
in  Stevens  county: 

For  Congress — W.  L.  Jones,  republican, 
90;  Frank  Cushman,  republican,  73;  Lewis, 
peoples'  party,  1 59 ;  W.  C.  Jones,  peoples'  party, 
140;  Dickinson,  prohibition,  4;  Haggard,  pro- 
hibition, 2 ;  Walker,  socialist,  5 ;  Hamilton,  so- 
cialist, 3. 

Judges  of  the  supreme  court — Anders,  re- 
publican, 92;  Fullerton,  republican,  86;  Heus- 
ton,  peoples'  party,  120;  Godman,  peoples' 
party,  116;  Yoimg,  socialist,  14;  Lowry,  social- 
ist, 8. 

Joint  Senator — Gray,  Citizens'  140;  Mantz, 
peoples'  party,  98. 

Representative — Welty,  Citizens',  140; 
Harkness,  peoples'  party,  102. 

Sheriff — Ferguson,  Citizens,'  130;  Denny, 
peoples'  party,  126. 

County  Clerk — Jackson,  Citizens',  133; 
Dulin,  peoples'  party,  106. 

Auditor — Ely,  Citizens',  133;  Sneed,  peo- 
ples' party,  103. 

Treasurer — Habein,  Citizens',  137;  Beggs, 
peoples'  party,  108. 

Prosecuting  Attorney — Kirkpatrick,  Citi- 
zens', 131 ;  Jesseph,  peoples'  party,  120. 


446 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Assessor — Smith,  Citizens',  127;  Byers, 
peoples'  party,  1 1 1 . 

Superintendent  of  Schools — Sinclair,  Citi- 
zens', 122;  Sax,  peoples'  party  109. 

Surveyor — Tower,  Citizens',  123;  Park, 
peoples'  party,  108. 

Coroner — De  Rudder,  Citizens',  120;  Bal- 
lard, peoples'  party,  1 10. 

Commissioner,  first  district — Jeffrey,  Citi- 
zens', no;  Sparks,  peoples'  party,  127. 

Commissioner,  second  district — Rejnolds, 
Citizens',  143;  Alban,  peoples'  party,  89. 

The  first  county  commissioners  of  Ferry, 
following  its  organization,  were  H.  L.  Percy, 
L.  P.  Wilmot  and  D.  W.  Yeargin.  These  ap- 
pointed the  following  county  officials  to  serve 
until  the  general  election :  George  A.  Graham, 
county  superintendent  of  schools;  J.  M.  Bew- 
ley,  justice  of  the  peace;  W.  C.  Morris,  acting 
prosecuting  attorney ;  Henry  Waisman,  sheriff ; 
L.  H.  Mason,  treasurer ;  J.  VV.  Griswold,  deputy 
sheriff;  Merton  E.  Jesseph,  county  clerk;  R. 
B.  Thomas,  surveyor. 

Having  served  less  than  a  year  H.  L.  Percy 
resigned  as  commissioner,  and  the  following 
named  gentlemen  were  presented  to  the  remain- 
ing commissioners  as  candidates  for  the  va- 
cancy :  J.  J.  Sullivan,  Louis  S.  Finnegan,  J. 
W.  Palmer.Y.  Sly,  J.  S.  Meyers,  \V.  H.  Shinn. 
But  the  commissioners  declined  to  name  one  of 
these  candidates,  and  selected  J.  E.  Ritter  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Mr.  Percy,  and  D.  W.  Yeargin  was  elected 
president  of  the  board. 

The  first  election  in  Ferry  county,  following 
its  organization  as  a  separate  political  division, 
was  during  the  presidential  campaign  of  1900. 
The  democrats,  with  two  exceptions,  swept  the 
field  with  the  appended  result : 

Democratic  presidential  electors  by  majori- 
ties ranging  between  382  and  393. 

Governor — J.  M.  Frank,  republican,  350; 
John  R.  Rogers,  democrat,  894. 

Representative — J.  P.  Harvey,  repu1)lican, 
485  ;  James  T.  Johnson,  democrat,  774. 


Sheriff — A.  E.  Stewart,  republican,  593; 
E.  J.  Lowery,  democrat,  677. 

County  Clerk — F.  O.  Northrop,  republican, 
417;  William  H.  Murphy,  democrat,  819. 

Auditor — A.  S.  Soule,  republican,  718; 
George  L.  Curry,  democrat,  532. 

Treasurer — J.  S.  Duggan,  republican,  575 ; 
James  B.  Dugan,  democrat,  684. 

Prosecuting  Attorney— William  C.  Brown, 
republican,  422 ;  M.  E.  Jessepv.  Democrat, 
825. 

Assessor — M.  H.  Shinn,  republican,  448; 
Patrick  S.  Brennan,  democrat,  800. 

Superintendent  of  Schools — ^Josephine 
Grimm,  republican,  766. 

Surveyor — T.  M.  Hammond,  republican, 
614;  R.  W.  Wanzer,  democrat,  620. 

Coroner — ^J.  B.  Burns,  republican,  346; 
Dr.  C.  F.  Webb,  democrat,  S76. 

County  Commissioner,  district  one — C.  H. 
Lewis,  republican,  546;  Thomas  E.  Dunn,  dem- 
ocrat, 664. 

County  Commissioner,  district  two — A.  C. 
Short,  republican,  522;  D.  W.  Yeargin,  demo- 
crat, 680. 

County  Commissioner,  district  three  — ■ 
George  Bowerman,  republican,  407:  H.  R. 
Alexander,  democrat,  772. 

At  the  time  of  the  1902  election  the  senator- 
ial district  comprised  Ferry,  Okanogan  and 
Douglas  counties.  In  this  contest  the  repub- 
licans made  some  gains  o\"er  the  previous  elec- 
tion, carrying  the  county  for  their  candidates 
for  state  senator,  county  clerk,  and  county 
attorney.  The  representative  district  comprised 
Ferry  county  alone.  Following"  is  the  result  of 
the  1902  election : 

State  Senator — George  J.  Hurle\-.  repub- 
lican, 510;  J.  M.  F.  Cooper,  democrat,  418. 

Representative — J.  H.  Clay,  republican, 
304;  James  T.  Johnson,  democrat.  552;  W.  E. 
Hager,  socialist,  147. 

Auditor — A.  S.  Soule,  republican,  411; 
Thomas  F.  Barrett,  democrat.  502 :  James  M. 
Fahey,  socialist,  93. 

Sheriff — Lee  Dysart,  republican,  ^^y.  E.  J. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


447 


Lowry,  democrat,  558;  Patrick  Mullaney,  so- 
cialist,  lOI. 

County  Clerk — George  W.  Spence,  repub- 
lican, 528 ;  W.  H.  Murphy,  democrat,  365 ;  C. 
D.  Lyke,  socialist,  99. 

Treasurer — F.  L.  Chaplin,  republican,  347; 
J.  E.  Ritter,  562 ;  A.  Hanson,  socialist,  80. 

County  Attorney — W.  C.  Brown,  repub- 
lican, 526;  Charles  P.  Bennett,  democrat,  422. 

Assessor — H.  W.  Thompson,  republican, 
372;  M.  H.  Joseph,  democrat,  537;  John  T. 
Murphy,  socialist,  86. 

Superintendent  of  Schools — G.  A.  Graham, 


republican,  340;  Josephine  Grimm,  democrat, 
601. 

Surveyor — F.  M.  Hammond,  republican, 
429 ;  N.  J.  H.  Fortman,  democrat,  480. 

Coroner — S.  H.  Manly,  democrat,  518; 
Arthur  Burns,  socialist,  139. 

County  Commissioner,  second  district — 
Lester  Sly,  republican,  361 ;  W.  T.  O'Connell, 
democrat,  556;  Joe  Kado,  socialist,  65. 

County  Commissioner,  third  district — C.  C. 
Holden,  republican,  338;  H.  R.  Alexander, 
democrat,  540;  John  Hopkins,  socialist,  69. 


JOHNSMIRES.  ALPHAEUSE,  STEWART 


ir^*^ 


PHILIP    CREASOR. 


>^^^ 


GEORGE   J.   HURLEY.  ^^^U^S    D.   FULLER. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

FERRY  COUNTY 


JOHN  S.  MIRES  is  at  the  present  time 
holding  a  position  of  overseeing  farmer  for  the 
Indians  on  the  Colville  reservation.  He  was 
born  in  Oakland,  Oregon,  on  February  20, 
1863,  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Anna  (Dear- 
dorff)  Mires,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
respectively.  They  crossed  the  plains  with 
ox  teams  in  1853  and  settled  near  Oakland, 
Oregon,  on  the  Calapooya  river,  and  that 
place  was  their  home  until  the  time  of  their 
death,  the  father's  demise  occurring  in  1888, 
and  the  mother's  about  1897.  Six  children 
were  born  to  this  worthy  couple,  Austin,  Ben- 
ton, Anna  Bonham,  Maggie,  deceased,  Addie 
M.  Cole  and  John  S.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  his  native  place,  where  he  lived  with  his 
parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  At 
that  time  he  began  to  work  for  himself,  his 
first  venture  being  horse  raising  in  the  John 
Day  country,  Oregon.  Three  years  later  he 
was  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  farming 
and  then  was  administrator  for  his  father's 
estate  for  four  years.  Following  that  he  came 
to  the  south  half  of  the  reservation  and  took 
charge  as  Indian  farmer  for  a  year  and  a 
half.  He  then  went  to  Ellensburg,  and  op- 
erated his  brother's  farm  for  two  years,  after 
which  he  came  to  Kettle  Falls  and  later  to 
Republic.  In  1896  he  started  in  the  butcher 
business  in  which  he  was  engaged  for  three 
years.  Later  he  sold  his  shop  and  in  1899  was 
appointed  overseeing  farmer  on  the  reserva- 
tion, which  position  he  holds  at  present.  In 
1883,  Mr.  Mires  was  engaged  by  the  govern- 
ment to  weigh  mail  in  Portland. 


On  June  7,  1880,  Mr.  Mires  married  Miss 
Ellie,  daughter  of  John  Q.  and  Theresa 
(Brown)  Zachary,  natives  of  Texas  and  Mis- 
souri, respectively.  To  this  union  three  chil- 
dren have  been  born :  Veda,  Mildred,  and 
Addie. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Mires  is  affiliated  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Rebekahs,  the  W.  W.  the 
Women  of  Woodcraft,  the  Fraternal  Army, 
and  the  Loyal  Army.  Mrs.  Mires  is  a  member 
of  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  and  the  Loyal 
Army.  Mr.  Mires  is  a  pioneer  of  this  county, 
and  stands  well  in  the  community.  In  1900 
]\Ir.  Mires  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Republi- 
can Convention  and  was  elected  alternate  to  the 
National  Convention  at  Philadelphia.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1904.  he  was  sent  from  Ferry  county  to 
attend  the  State  Central  Committee  in  session 
at  Seattle.  Although  our  subject  is  a  strong 
Republican,  he  has  never  accepted  a  nomination 
for  any  political  office. 


ALPHAEUS  E.  STEWART  is  a  well 
known  business  man  of  Republic,  where  he  has 
been  very  active  in  building  up  the  country  in 
general.  He  was  born  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  on 
August  3,  1852,  being  the  son  of  William  R. 
and  Hanna  A.  (Hempliman)  Stewart,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  respectively.  They 
resided  some  years  in  Ohio,  then  the  family 
removed  to  Decatur,  Alababma,  which  was 
their  home  for  twenty  years.  Then  they  re- 
turned to  Ohio  where  the  mother  died  at 
an  advanced  age  in   1898,  and  the  father  in 


450 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1893,  at  about  eighty-nine  years  of  age.  They 
Avere  the  parents  of  nine  children,  named  as  fol- 
lows: Isaac  W'.,  our  subject,  Aaron  \V.,  Jacob 
H.,  Samuel,  Rebeccah  A.,  Libbie  J.,  Minnie  B. 
and  Annie  M.  The  father  had  followed  con- 
tracting, merchandisising ,  and  farming  and 
descended  from  a  \-ery  prominent  and  old  fam- 
ily in  Scotland  and  the  north  of  Ireland.  Our 
subject  went  to  school  for  a  short  time  in 
the  private  schools  of  Alabama,  and  at  the 
age  of  twelve  began  working  for  himself.  His 
first  occupation  was  teaming,  but  he  soon  made 
his  way  west  to  the  plains  and  in  1869  located 
in  Texas,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  cat- 
tle business.  He  endured  many  hardships,  and 
was  in  many  dangerous  positions  in  his  life 
on  the  plains  in  early  days.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Colorado  and  turned  his  attention  to  mining, 
then  came  farther  west  in  1890,  locating  at 
Olympia,  Washington.  Later  we  find  him  in 
Seattle,  and  in  1898,  he  came  to  Republic.  Mr. 
Stewart  followed  merchandising  in  various 
places  and  in  other  occupations  accumulated 
considerable  property  before  arriving  in  Repub- 
lic. He  owns  real  estate  in  different  localities 
on  the  sound  as  well  as  here,  and  also  has  an 
interest  in  three  business  blocks  in  Republic, 
besides  owning  various  dwellings.  He  now  de- 
votes considerable  attention  to  mining  and  was 
one  of  the  moving  spirits  in  getting  Ferry 
county  as  a  separate  political  division.  He 
has  been  twice  city  councilman  in  Republic, 
and  served  in  this  office  until  January  i,  1904, 
wlien  he  was  elected  mayor.  He  was  formally 
installed  mayor  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  January. 
In  April,  1893,  Mr.  Stewart  married  Mrs. 
Josephine  Stewart,  formerly  Miss  Cochron, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  jSIissouri,  where 
she  was  born.  Mr.  Stewart  is  a  member  of 
the  Eagles,  of  which  lodge  he  was  an  organizer, 
and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Women  of 
Woodcraft. 


PHILIP  CREASOR  is  certainly  ranked 
among  the  very  first  men  who  located  where 
Republic  now  is  and  among  the  most  active 
and  influential  in  building  up  this  part  of  the 
countrv.  He  was  Ijorn  in  Gray  county,  Ontario, 
Canada,  on  Jamiary  7,  1856,  being  the  son  of 


Carlton  and  JMarie  (Richards)  Creasor,  na- 
tives of  England.  They  were  married  in  Eng- 
land and  came  to  Canada  about  1850,  re- 
maining there  until  1880,  in  which  year  they 
moved  to  Toronto,  where  the  father  died. 
The  mother  is  living.  They  were  the 
parents  of  fifteen  children.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  various  places  where 
the  family  lived  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two, 
left  Canada  for  Michigan,  where  he  worked  in 
the  iron  mines  in  Marquette  until  1885.  Then 
we  find  him  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  railroad 
and  in  1886  he  came  down  the  Columbia  to 
the  vicinity  of  Colville,  which  was  his  home 
for  two  years.  We  next  see  him  in  the  Okano- 
gan country,  and  in  1891  he  was  in  Springdale. 
Two  years  later,  Mr.  Creasor  was  in  the  Slocan 
country  and  in  1894,  prospected  in  the  vicinity 
of  Rossland.  On  February  27,  1896,  he  landed 
on  the  spot  where  Republic  is  now  located.  On 
the  28th  of  the  same  month,  he  located  the  Cop- 
per Bell,  Iron  Mask  and  the  Lone  Pine.  On 
February  29,  he  located  the  Last  Chance  and 
March  i,  the  Ironclad.  It  was  on  March 
5,  1896,  that  Mr.  Creason  located  the  famous 
Republic  and  Jim  Blaine  properties  which  have 
made  Republic  famous.  The  following  summer 
he  and  his  associates  began  development  work 
on  the  properties.  Those  associated  with  him 
were,  Thomas  Ryan,  James  Clark,  now  de- 
ceased, Charles  P.  Robbins  and  Leo  H.  Long. 
They  commenced  more  extensive  development 
work  in  June,  1897.  and  soon  thereafter  Patsy 
Clark,  a  well  known  mining  man  of  the  north- 
west, became  interested  in  the  property  and 
bought  the  shares  owned  by  our  subject  and 
Thomas  Ryan.  Mr.  Creasor  received  therefor 
in  the  neighborhood  of  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars. Following  that,  Mr.  Creasor  took  charge 
of  the  Lone  Pine  property  and  at  once  began 
to  invest  his  money  in  the  upbuilding  of  Repub- 
lic and  vicinity.  He  owns  some  very  valuable 
additions  to  the  town  of  Republic,  and  much 
other  property  in  this  county,  including  large 
money  interests.  Mr.  Creasor  is  a  strong 
Republican  and  always  active  in  the  campaigns. 
On  Tune  8.  1898,  Mr.  Creasor  married,  and 
on  November,  10,  1901,  a  son,  Philip  Creasor. 
Jr..  was  born  to  the  union.  Mr.  Creasor  and  his 
wife  are  considered  among  the  most  substantial 
people  of  this  section. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


451 


HON.  GEORGE  J.  HURLEY  needs  no 
introduction  to  the  people  of  northern  Wash- 
ington. He  is  at  the  present  time  state  senator 
of  Okanogan,  Ferry  and  Douglas  counties. 
He  was  elected  to  this  office  in  1902,  his  name 
appearing  on  the  Republican  ticket.  During 
the  session  oi  the  legislature  just  past,  he  was 
instrumental  in  putting  through  the  bill  arrang- 
ing the  proper  valuation  of  mines,  and  also  in- 
troduced some  excellent  legislation  on  high- 
ways. He  framed  and  introduced  the  libel  bill, 
which  was  vetoed  by  the  Governor.  Mr.  Hur- 
ley also  brought  forward  an  excellent  bill  rela- 
tive to  handling  sheep  in  the  state,  which  was 
not  made  a  law.  He  is  a  very  active  state 
senator,  and  is  looked  upon  by  his  colleagues 
as  a  man  of  energy,  talent  and  erudition. 

George  J.  Hurley  was  born  in  Oregon  City, 
Oregon,  on  Septeber  18,  1859,  being  the  son 
of  Richard  and  Mary  (McCarver)  Hurley. 
The  mother's  father,  Mr.  McCarver,  who  was 
an  early  pioneer  to  the  Pacific  coast,  laid  out 
the  town  of  Tacoma.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject came  to  Oregon  in  1857,  having  left  New 
York  city  in  1845.  The  intervening  time  was 
spent  in  Mexico.  Oregon  City  was  the  family 
home  until  1863,  when  they  moved  to  Idaho, 
and  ten  years  later  came  back  to  Oregon,  and 
are  now  residing  in  Portland.  They  are  the 
parents  of  seven  children,  our  subject  being  the, 
eldest.  The  others  are :  Minnie  L.  Terry,  An- 
nie M.  White,  Belle  F.  Cavaline,  Carrie  L. 
Pease,  Leta  and  Elmer  S. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Lewiston  and  at  the  early  age  of 
fourteen,  began  life  for  himself  as  a  cabin  boy 
in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  and 
Navigation  Company.  During  the  succeeding 
years,  he  has  been  alert  in  his  research  for 
information,  and  the  result  is  that  he  is  broad 
minded  and  well  informed,  with  a  good  prac- 
tical education.  After  his  services  as  cabin 
boy,  he  was  freight  clerk  and  then  rode  the 
range  for  three  years.  During  the  Bannock 
war,  he  and  twelve  others  were  corralled  in 
a  stronghold  for  six  weeks  by  the  Indians. 
After  this,  we  find  him  in  the  employ  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  later  at  Sprague,  hand- 
ling general  merchandise  for  the  firm  of 
Sprague  &  Fairweather.  During  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Northern  Pacific,  he  was  with  Nel- 
son  Bennett  as  clerk.      In    18S7,   he  came  to 


Okanogan  county  and  took  up  general  mer- 
chandising with  1.  T.  Keene.  During  this  time, 
he  was  one  of  three  delegates  from  Okanogan 
county  to  the  admission  convention  at  Ellens- 
burg  when  the  admission  of  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington was  agitated.  When  the  new  county  of 
Okanogan  was  set  off  in  1887,  Mr.  Hurley, 
Guy  Waring  and  William  Granger  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  state  legislature  to  locate  the 
county  seat  and  select  the  proper  officers,  to 
remain  in  office  until  the  first  general  election. 
In  1894,  Mr.  Hurley  was  in  British  Columbia, 
then  Avent  south  for  two  years,  later  re 
turning  to  British  Columbia  in  1897,  and  in 
1898  he  came  to  where  Republic  now  stands. 
For  one  year  he  was  manager  of  the  Republic 
Trading  Company,  and  has  since  engaged  in 
other  business. 

Mr.  Hurley  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  al- 
ways takes  great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his 
party.  In  1883  he  was  elected  city  clerk  of 
Ainsworth,  was  twice  county  commissioner 
of  Okanogan  county,  was  mayor  of  Ruby  five 
terms,  and  city  clerk  of  Republic  for  three 
terms.  In  all  this  public  life,  Mr.  Hurley 
has  shown  marked  uprightness  and  integrity. 

In  1889,  Mr.  Hurley  married  Miss  Ella 
Cook  and  to  them  one  child  has  been  born,  Clar- 
ence Webb.  Mr.  Cook  was  killed  by  the  In- 
dians in  Montana  in  1867.  He  was  the  father 
of  seven  children.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Hurley  is 
affiiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Eagles  and 
several  other  orders.  His  wife  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs.  Their  son,  Clarence  Webb,  was 
the  page  for  the  president  of  the  senate  during 
the  last  term  of  the  legislature,  and  the  young- 
est on  the  floor. 


THOAIAS  D.  FULLER.  No  more  worthy 
and  enterprising  pioneer  ever  threaded  his  way 
through  the  wilderness  in  the  west  than  the 
sul)ject  of  this  article.  He  has  wrought  in 
various  capacities  all  through  the  northwest 
manifesting  great  wisdom  and  energy,  and  has 
in\-ariablv  been  crowned  with  success  in  all 
his  \-entures.  In  northern  Washington.  Mr. 
Fuller  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  and  intrepid  adventurers  of  the  days 
gone  bv.  A  moving  spirit  in  the  organization 
of  three  counties,  he"  has  taken  a  part  in  history 
that  might   make   any   man   justly   proud.      A 


452 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


brief  epitome  of  his  career  will  be  interesting 
reading  and  we  append  the  name. 

Thomas  D.  Fuller  was  born  in  Carroll 
county,  Missouri,  on  April  28,  1842,  the  son  of 
Arnold  and  Sarah  (Green)  Fuller,  natives  of 
Ohio.  They  came  to  Missouri  in  1842,  and  in 
1845  took  up  that  most  unique  and  perilous 
journey,  a  trip  across  the  plains  with  wagons. 
The  father  was  captain  of  a  train  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  wagons,  most  of  which  were  ox 
teams,  and  was  called  to  meet  the  sadness  of 
burying  his  wife  on  the  dreary  plains.  They 
had  many  encounters  with  the  Indians,  but 
finally  succeeded  in  reaching  the  Willamette 
valley.  Settlement  was  made  where  Corvallis 
now  stands,  and  there  the  family  remained  until 
the  father's  death  in  1879.  He  had  married 
a  second  time  and  to  this  second  marriage  seven 
children  were  born,  while  by  the  first  marriage, 
eight  children  were  born.  Our  subject  remem- 
bers that  in  those  early  days  their  shoes,  and 
much  of  their  outer  clothing,  were  made  of 
buckskin.  At  the  old  district  school  house  Mr. 
Fuller  was  educated,  his  first  teacher  being  ex- 
state  representative  Slater,  while  William  H. 
Hill,  who  afterwards  wrote  the  codes  of  Ore- 
gon and  Washington,  was  his  classmate.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen,  our  subject  inaugurated  in- 
dependent action  and  with  his  brother,  Henry, 
went  into  the  stock  business,  furnishing  the 
English  navy  at  Victoria  with  beef  in  1859. 
In  i860  we  find  him  mining  in  the  Carlitoo 
region.  Two  years  later,  he  came  back  to  Ore- 
gon, bringing  a  pack  train  of  sixty  mules,  and 
commenced  transporting  goods  to  Florence, 
Idaho,  being  one  of  the  first  packers  in  that 
country.  In  1864  he  was  packing  from  Walla 
Walla  to  Boise,  being  interested  with  Jacobs 
&  Company.  In  1865  he  sold  out  and  at  The 
Dalles,  Oregon,  bought  a  large  drove  of  beef 
cattle  which  he  took  to  Montana  and  sold  for 
twenty  five  cents  per  pound.  In  company  with 
two  others,  Thomas  and  Green,  he  started  to 
Texas  to  buy  a  large  drove  of  cattle,  having 
ninety  thousand  dollars  in  cash.  On  the  way 
they  wer«  overpowered  by  highwaymen  and 
lost  all  their  money  and  accoutrements.  Later, 
the  robbers  gave  each  one  a  saddle,  a  horse 
and  one  thousand  dollars  with  strict  orders  to 
leave  the  country.  Coming  back  to  Montana, 
our  subject  mined  for  two  years,  then  went  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  and  engaged  in  the  livery 


business.  His  property  burned  there  and  Mr. 
Fuller  sustained  a  heavy  loss.  He  then  went 
to  the  San  Joaquin  valley,  California,  and  leas- 
ing a  farm,  turned  his  attention  to  farming.  He 
soon  had  six  thousand  acres  in  crops,  as  w-heat, 
oats  and  barley,  which  were  entirely  destroyed 
by  the  hot  winds.  After  that  he  went  to  San 
Diego,  California,  and  for  two  years  was  city 
marshal  and  sheriff  for  four  years.  Next  we  see 
him  in  business  in  San  Luis  Obispo  county, 
after  which  he  came  to  Walla  \Valla  where  lie 
was  engaged  in  the  retail  liquor  business  for  a 
short  season,  then  worked  on  the  construction 
of  the  Northern  Pacific.  Upon  the  completion 
of  that  road,  we  see  him  in  Siskiyou,  Oregon, 
on  the  California  and  Oregon  railroad,  keep- 
ing hotel.  In  1883  he  was  in  the  gold  rush  to 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  in  1885  came  to 
Colville.  Here  he  was  deputy  sheriff'  under 
Oscar  Bates,  and  later  went  to  Okanagan 
county  and  located  the  town  site  of  Ruby.  In 
connection  with  George  Hurley,  who  is  present 
state  senator,  Phil  Perkins,  Hiram  Begal,  Ike 
Keene  and  John  Stanton,  he  laid  the  plans  that 
finally  resulted  in  the  separation  of  Okanogan 
and  Stevens  counties.  He  was  deputy  sheriff  of 
Okanogan  county  for  two  years.  Lentil  1894  he 
was  interested  in  real  estate  and  mining,  and  the 
next  two  years  were  spent  in  prospecting  in 
British  Columbia.  In  1896  he  came  to  where 
Republic  now  stands,  and  took  up  land  ad- 
joining the  townsite.  He  now  has  a  valuable 
farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  well  im- 
proved with  buildings,  fences,  orchard,  and  so 
forth.  Mr.  Fuller  gives  his  entire  attention  to 
farming  and  mining,  and  is  one  of  the  prosper- 
ous men  of  the  section. 

In  1864  ]Mr.  Fuller  married  Miss  IMary  J., 
daughter  of  Adam  and  Phoebe  Overacker,  na- 
tives of  Iowa.  To  this  union  two  children 
liave  been  born,  Thomas  D..  a  groceryman  in 
Palo  .\lto,  California,  and  Dora,  living  with  her 
brother.  Mr.  Fuller  is  an  active  Democrat,  and 
has  held  many  ofifices  during  his  life.  He  is 
a  charter  member  of  the  Order  of  Eagles,  and 
is  also  well  connected  in  other  fraternal  re- 
lations. 

By  way  of  reminiscence,  it  is  worthy  to  note 
that  Mr.  Fuller  had  two  nieces  and  one  aunt 
murdered  in  the  terrible  Mountain  Meadow 
massacre,  near  Salt  Lake,  Utah.  Mr.  Fuller 
was  the  first  notary  public  in  Okanogan  county, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


453 


before  Washington  was  admitted  as  a  state,  and 
after  that  event  he  was  appointed  the  tirst  no- 
tary of  the  county. 


W'lLLIAAI  L.  STO\'ER  dwells  in  Orient, 
Washington,  where  he  conducts  a  butcher 
business.  He  has  a  good  patronage  and  is 
prosperous.  In  addition  to  this  business,  ]\Ir. 
Stover  is  interested  in  a  first  class  sawmill  in 
Orient,  which  his  father  is  managing. 

^Villam  L.  Sto\er  was  born  in  Boone 
county,  Iowa,  on  June  3,  1869,  being  the  son  of 
Henderson  and  ]\Iary  E.  (Budnot)  Stover,  na- 
tives of  Indiana.  The  parents  settled  in  Iowa 
in  early  da}'s  and  for  twenty  years  were  sub- 
stanial  citizens  of  that  state.  The  father  did 
sawmilling  and  also  followed  other  industries. 
Then  came  a  move  to  Idaho,  where  he  was 
identified  with  the  lumber  business  for  three 
years.  After  that  he  removed  to  Spokane  and 
made  that  city  his  home  until  1897.  At  that 
time  he  came  to  Bossburg  to  live  and  later  set- 
tled in  Orient.  He  is  now  dwelling  in  Orient 
and  is  handling  a  large  mill,  his  son  William 
L.,  being  associated  with  him  as  mentioned  be- 
fore. Eight  children  were  born  into  this  fam- 
ily, seven  of  whom  are  living,  named  as  fol- 
lows:  Calvin  S.,  \\'illiam  L.,  who  is  the  im- 
mediate subject  of  this  article,  James,  Annie, 
Ada,  Susie  and  Frank.  William  L.  received 
his  early  education  in  Boone  county,  Iowa,  and 
at  the  age  of  sixteen  stepped  forth  to  meet  the 
duties  of  life  for  himself.  He  followed  saw- 
milling  in  Iowa,  Idaho  and  Washington,  set- 
tling in  Spokane  about  1887.  It  was  1900 
when  he  came  to  Bossburg,  whence  he  removed 
later  to  Orient  and  opened  a  butcher  shop. 
This,  together  with  sawmilling",  has  occupied 
him  since.  Air.  Sto\"er  owns  some  town  proper- 
ty and  other  interests  in  addition  to  what  are 
mentioned. 

In  1899  JMr.  Stover  married  Miss  Clara, 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Margret  (Houston) 
Kennedy,  natives  of  Scotland  and  Illinois,  re- 
spectively. They  settled  in  Illinois,  which  was 
their  home  until  the  tide  of  immigration  turned 
toward  Nebraska,  when  they  went  to  that 
state  and  there  now  reside.  Thirteen  children 
were  born  to  them,  nine  of  whom  are  living, 
named  as  follows :  Clara,    now    Airs.    Stover, 


Sarah,  Nettie,  Leola,  Walter,  Arthur,  Jennie, 
Kittie  and  Robert.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stover 
one  child  has  been  born,  Pqrdita.  Politically 
Air.  Stover  is  a  Republican,  while  in  social  re- 
lations he  is  a  member  of  the  AI.  W.  A.  Airs. 
Stover  belongs  to  the  R.  N.  A. 


HENRY  DAHL  is  one  of  the  younger  men 
of  Ferry  county  who  has  shown  industry  and 
thrift  in  his  work  in  this  section.  He  is  now- 
handling  a  good  trade  as  blacksmith,  in  Orient, 
and  owns  his  shop  and  tools,  besides  some 
other  property.  He  does  wood  work  together 
,  with  blacksmithing. 

Henry  Dahl  was  born  near  the  capital  of 
Norway  on  September  22,  1S63,  being  the  son 
of  Arne  and  Annie  (Guttormson)  Dahl,  na- 
tives of  Norway,  where  the  mother  died.  In 
1886  the  father  came  to  America,  settling  in 
Alinnesota  where  he  still  li\-es,  working  at  his 
trade  that  of  a  shoemaker.  There  were  ten  chil- 
dren in  the  family,  all  living,  and  named  as  fol- 
lows, besides  our  subject,  Thomas,  George, 
Alary,  Lee,  Inger,  Johnson,  Julia,  Annie,  Ann. 

Henry  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  country  and  there  also  learned  the 
carpenter  trade.  In  1886  he  came  to  the  United 
States  with  his  father,  being  then  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  at  once  began  the  duties  of 
life  for  himself.  He  followed  his  trade  of  car- 
pentering in  Duluth.  then  took  up  merchandis- 
ing with  his  brother  in  the  same  city.  Later, 
he  went  to  teaming  and  followed  this  until 
1897.  After  that  he  removed  to  Alberta, 
Canada,  and  took  up  land,  which  later  he  sold 
and  came  on  to  Greenwood,  in  British  Colum- 
bia. In  1900  he  came  down  to  Orient,  where 
he  built  a  shop  and  has  since  followed  black- 
smithing  and  wood  working.  Being  a  first 
class  mechanic,  he  has  gained  a  good  trade  and 
is  kept  busy  most  of  the  time.  Air.  Dahl  is 
how  erecting  a  dwelling,  which  will  be  his 
home. 


AIICHAEL  CLARK  is  a  farmer  living 
about  three  miles  south  from  Laurier,  in  Ferry 
county,  where  he  has  a  comfortable  home. 
He  was  born  in  Alaj'O  county,  Ireland, 
being    the    son    of    Thomas    and     Alareraret 


454 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


(Loftus)  Clark,  natives  of  Ireland  and  parents 
of  six  children,  named  as  follows:  Nancy, 
Mary,  Margaret,  Ellen,  Michael  and  Winifred. 
The  father  was  a  well-to-do  farmer  and  land 
owner  of  Ireland.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  county  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years  began  to  work  for 
himself.  He  was  engaged  in  various  occupa- 
tions in  different  places,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  that  of  handling  powder  in  Liver- 
pool, then  in  the  construction  of  the  floating 
docks.  Three  years  later,  he  was  engaged  on 
the  corporate  dock,  then  went  to  western  Ire- 
land, where  he  was  game  keeper  on  a  large  es- 
tate for  six  years.  After  that  he  spent  some 
time  in  France,  then  traveled  through  Eng- 
land and  finally  in  1866,  he  came  to  the 
United  States.  He  did  railroading  in  New 
York  and  then  went  to  Buffalo  and  later  to 
Chicago,  where  he  was  engaged  on  a  canal  for 
one  year.  After  this,  we  find  him  in  the  lum- 
ber woods  in  Wisconsin,  then  in  1869,  he 
came  west  to  California,  where  for  two  years 
he  was  iron  man  on  the  Southern  Pacific  rail- 
road. Then  he  journeyed  to  Oregon  and  took 
part  in  the  gold  excitement  on  Peace  ri\-er. 
Leaving  there,  he  settled  on  a  piece  of  land  at 
Vancouver,  where  he  remained  until  1900, 
when  he  came  to  Ferry  county  and  took  up  a 
farm  on  the  Kettle  river,  where  he  now  resides. 
In  1854,  Mr.  Clark  married  Miss  Bridget  Fan- 
non.  a  native  of  Ireland.  To  them  three  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  James,  Mary,  and  Cath- 
erine. 

Mr.  Clark  is  a  Republican  and  in  church 
relations,  belongs  to  the  Catholic  denomina- 
tion. 


DEXXIS  PEOXE  is  one  of  the  large  prop- 
erty owners  of  Ferry  county.  His  estate  ad- 
joins the  town  of  Danville  on  the  north  and  he 
devotes  his  time  to  stock  raising  and  general 
farming.  He  was  born  in  Colville,  Washing- 
ton on  June  28,  1865,  the  son  of  Louis  and 
Katherine  (Finley)  Peone,  natives  of  Prarie 
du  Chien,  Wisconsin,  and  Montana,  respect- 
ively. They  settled  in  the  Colville  country  in 
very  early  days  and  our  subject  received  his 
education  from  the  mission  schools  of  that  local- 
ity. At  the  age  of  thirteen,  he  started  in  life 
for  himself,  working  on  a  farm  in  Stevens 
county,     .^fter  some  time'occupied  in  that  cap- 


acity, he  worked  on  the  construction  of  the  Nor- 
thern Pacific  and  later  returned  to  Colville.  In 
the  spring  of  1886,  Mr.  Peone  went  to  Granite 
creek,  British  Columbia,  and  there  did  placer 
mining  for  a  year.  Returning  from  that  local- 
ity to  Colorado,  he  soon  went  on  to  Okanogan 
and  later  returned  to  Colville.  In  1889,  Air. 
Peone  came  to  his  present  location  where  he 
has  made  his  home  since.  He  has  an  estate  of 
five  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  three  hundred  of 
which  are  under  cultivation.  He  raises  diver- 
sified crops,  has  good  bulidings,  a  fine  orchard, 
and  is  a  prosperous  man. 

1889,  Mr.  Peone  married  Miss  Lizzie, 
daughter  of  J.  C.  and  Lucy  (Berland)  Bour- 
assa,  natives  of  Canada  and  Washinton,  res- 
pectively. To  Mr.  and  ]\lrs.  Peone,  six  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  Irene,  Josephine,  Hiram 
and  Virgil,  twins,  Roland  and  Percy.  Mr. 
Peone  is  an  active  Democrat  and  takes  a  keen 
interest  in  political  matters.  In  religious  per- 
susasion  he  and  his  family  are  adherents  of  the 
Catholic  church. 


\MLLIAAI  WAGXER  is  one  of  the  most 
substantial  stock  men  in  Ferry  county.  He  is 
also  a  pioneer  in  this  section  and  now  has  a  fine 
estate,  well  improved  and  about  three  miles 
south  from  Curlew.  At  his  place  is  a  way 
station  of  the  railroad,  known  as  Wagner  spur. 

William  Wagner  was  born  in  Hesse  Darm- 
stadt, Germany  on  March  7,  1864.  the  son  of 
Frederick  and  Mary  Wagner,  natives  of  Ger- 
many, where  they  remained  until  their  death. 
Our  subject  is  the  youngest  of  the  following 
children :  Elizabeth  Heller,  Hattie,  George, 
Henr)^,  and  Frederick.  After  receiving  a  good 
public  school  education,  Mr.  Wagner  appren- 
ticed himself  to  learn  the  blacksmith  trade. 
This  being  over,  he  took  a  position  as  clerk  in 
a  wholesale  millinery  store.  During  his  ser- 
vices in  this  latter  place,  he  studied  music  and 
became  very  proficient  in  this  art.  He  was 
eighteen  years  of  age  when  he  left  Germany 
and  came  to  America,  settling  at  Brooklyn.  New 
York.  Six  months  later,  he  enlisted  in  the  Sec- 
ond United  States  military  band.  In  1883.  two 
years  after  he  first  enlisted,  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Fourth  Infantry  liand.  He  was  at  var- 
ious places  in  the  northern  part  of  the  L'''nited 
States,  in  Nebraska  and  the  adjoining  states, 
and  finallv  came  to  Fort  Sherman  in  \\''ashing- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


455 


ton,  where  he  remained  until  his.  discharge, 
which  occurred  on  June  21,1887.  He  saw  some 
fighting  in  the  field,  with  Indians,  during  his 
service  and  conducted  himself  as  a  first  class 
soldier.  After  his  discharge,  Mr.  Wagner  went 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  mined,  after  which 
he  opened  a  hotel  in  ^loscow.  In  1893  and 
1894,  he  suffered  heavy  financial  losses  as  did 
many  others,  then  came  to  Spokane  and  oper- 
ated on  the  new  waterworks  for  two  years, 
after  which  he  came  to  Republic  and  built  the 
first  cabin  in  that  town.  He  visited  various 
sections  of  Ferry  county  and  British  Columbia 
and  for  two  years  was  interested  in  laundry 
business  in  the  latter  place.  In  1900,  he  took 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  where  he  now 
lives  and  since  that  time  has  devoted  himself  to 
stock  raising  and  general  farming.  He  has  a 
nice  band  of  cattle,  and  also  good  buildings  and 
other  improvements  upon  his  farm. 

In  1884,  Mr.  Wagner  married  Aliss  Hellen, 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Hellen  Johnson.  Mrs. 
Wagner  has  one  brother,  Peter,  and  one  sister, 
Mary.  She  is  a  native  of  Germany  and  came 
to  Omaha,  Nebraska,  in  1881,  where  her  mar- 
riage occurred.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wagner, 
three  children  have  been  born,  Alice.  Gladys, 
and  William.  Mr.  Wagner  is  a  good  Demo- 
crat, while  in  church  relations  he  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Lutheran  denomination. 


JOHN  J.  WATSON  resides  about  two 
miles  south  from  Curlew  where  he  does  general 
fanning  and  stock  raising.  He  was  born  in 
Bloomneld,  Iowa,  on  August  25,  1851,  being 
the  son  of  G.  W.  and  Hannah  G.  (Waddell) 
Watson,  natives  of  Vermont  and  Indiana,  re- 
spectively. The  parents  settled  in  Iowa  in  1847 
and  in  Wayne  county  in  that  state  in  1858. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War.  the  father 
enlisted  in  Company  M,  Seventh  Missouri 
Cavah-y  and  fought  for  three  years  for  the 
union.  He  was  wounded  in  the  right  hip  at 
Fort  S'uith  and  never  recovered  the  use  of 
his  limb,  fully.  He  died  in  Mountayr,  in  1891 
where  the  mother  now  lives.  They  were  die 
parents  of  seven  children,  Lewis,  John  J., 
Olivia  Walker,  Travetta  Depew,  Arizona 
Arvado,  Emma  S.  Ellis,  and  Hallie  J.,  who  died 
in  1881.  From  the  public  school,  Air.  Watson 
received  his  education  and  until  he  was  twenty- 
one,  remained  with  his  father.     At  that  age  he 


commenced  railroading  and  followed  the  same 
for  eleven  years.  After  this,  he  continued  his 
education  on  the  farm  and  in  1879,  came  to 
Kansas,  which  was  his  home  for  three  years. 
Thence  he  moved  to  Nebraska,  where  he  resided 
six  years.  After  that  came  the  journey  across 
the  plains  to  the  Pacific  coast  with  mule  teams, 
fi\-e  months  being  consumed  on  the  road.  He 
landed  in  Seattle  on  September  14,  and  there 
did  teaming"  and  draying  for  a  year  or  so. 
Later  we  find  him  in  the  coal  business  in  Ta- 
coma  and  in  1892,  he  took  a  logging  contract 
for  Allan  C.  Mason.  Following  that  he  came 
to  North  Yakima,  taking  up  the  coal  and  wood 
business,  which  occupied  him  until  1897.  In 
that  year  he  came  to  Eureka,  now  Republic, 
being  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  that  town. 
He  operated  an  express  there  until  1901,  then 
took  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  near  Curlew, 
which  he  improved  and  sold  April  11,  1903. 
Air.  \\"atson  then  settled  on  his  farm  where  he 
now  resides,  about  fifty  acres  of  which  he  has 
under  cultivation.  In  addition  to  general  farm- 
ing, he  does  stock  raising  and  has  quite  a  band. 

On  August  29,  1877,  Mr.  Watson  married 
Miss  Sarah  Knott,  whose  parents,  James  A. 
and  Ellen  T.  (Shellhouse)  Knott,  were  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  early  pioneers  to  Han- 
cock county,  Illinois.  The  father  died  in  1875, 
then  the  mother  came  to  Iowa  and  later  moved 
to  Missouri,  where  she  died  in  1900.  Eight 
children  were  born  in  this  family,  Clara  E. 
Newingham,  Mary  Hanks,  deceased.  Bell 
Fowler,  Jane  Arnold,  Cyrus,  Marius,  Horace, 
and  James  A.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker,  four 
children  have  been  born:  Cora  B.,  married  to 
F.  R.  Burdette,  a  fanner  residing  near  Curlew ; 
Ethel,  married  to  F.  H.  Stevenson,  in  Curlew; 
Elbie  E.,  and  Emory  R. 

Mr.  Watson  is  a  Republican  and  always 
takes  an  active  interest  in  political  matters. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  has 
been  deputy  sheriff  and  United  States  marshal 
and  was  deputy  city  marshal  at  Yakima.  He 
has  also  held  various  other  offices. 

Fraternallv,  Mr.  Watson  is  affiliated  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  f',  the  W.  W.,  the  S.  of  V.,  and  the 
F.  P.  P.  Mrs.  Watson  is  a  member  of  the 
Adventist  church.  Mr.  Watson  was  recently 
appointed  crop  reporter  for  this  section  of  the 
country,  by  the  Spokane  agency.  He  is  a  man 
of  good  standing  and  has  shown  valuable  know- 
ledge and  interest  in  his  labors  in  Ferry  county. 


456 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


JOHN  D.  ]\IcDOUGALL  is  one  of  the 
industrious  farmers  whose  labors  are  bringing 
the  new  county  of  Ferry  to  be  one  of  the  excel- 
lent political  divisions  of  the  great  state  of 
Washington.  He  resides  about  five  miles  south 
from  Curlew,  upon  land  secured  through  the 
government  right  and  is  giving  his  attention 
to  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  born 
in  Ontario,  Canada,  on  March  24,  1852,  being 
the  son  of  David  and  Katie  (:\IcDonald)) 
McDougall.  natives  of  Canada,  where  the 
farmed  until  their  death.  The  father  was  well 
to  do  and  came  from  a  prominent  family.  They 
were  the  parents  of  the  following  named  chil- 
dren, Christa,  Maggie,  Katie,  Joseph.  Duncan. 
Alexander,  and  Daniel.  At  Cornwall,  Canada, 
our  subject  received  his  education  from  the 
public  schools  and  when  fifteen,  came  to  Still- 
water. [Minnesota,  where  he  followed  logging 
for  twenty-six  years,  operating  in  [Minnesota 
and  Wisconsin.  Then  he  went  to  Ashland, 
after  which  he  journeyed  west,  landing  in  Ferry 
county  in  1902,  taking  the  place  where  he  now 
lives,  as  a  homestead.  He  has  forty  acres  under 
cultivation,  besides  a  good  band  of  stock. 

In  1872,  IMr.  McDougall  married  Miss 
Sophia,  daughter  of  ]Matt  and  Mary  Burgan, 
natives  of  New  Brunswick  and.  parents  of 
twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  are  living, 
named  as  follows,  Betsey,  Sarah,  [Matt,  Wil- 
liam, [Maggie,  Alary  A.,  John,  and  Ed.  To 
Mr.  and  [Mrs.  McDougall  seven  children  have 
1  eju  born,  named  as  follows,  John,  [Matt,  Ber- 
tha, Grace,  Dan,  [Mary  and  Kate. 

Fraternally,  [Mr.  [McDougall  is  a  Republi- 
can and  always  takes  an  active  part  with  his 
party.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  church,  while  he  is  a  memlier  also  of 
the  Catholic  Knights. 


RICHARD  KEOGAN  resides  about  four 
miles  south  from  Curlew,  where  he  has  an  ele- 
gant estate  of  four  hundred  acres,  half  of  which 
is  i)roducing  hay  at  the  present  time.  He  has 
l>een  selling  his  hay  at  fifteen  dollars  per  ton  and 
has  done  well  in  his  farming  venture.  His 
place  is  well  improved  and  situated. 

Richard  Keogan  was  Ix^rn  on  December 
9,  1869.  being  the  son  of  [Michael  and  Esther 
(Nickola)  Keo.gan,  natives  of  Ireland  and 
British  Columbia,  respectively.  The  mother 
died  in  the  latter  place  after  which  the  father 


moved  to  Sprague,  Washington.  Five  children 
were  born  to  this  couple,  Richard,  Maggie 
Iringin,  [Matilda  Dalumpte,  [Mary,  deceased, 
and  James.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  the  Colville  schools  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
inaugurated  independent  action,  his  first  ven- 
ture being  packing  for  the  mines  from  [Marcus 
to  British  Columbia.  For  five  years  he  followed 
this  occupation,  then  received  his  allotment  of 
four  hundred  acres  south  of  Curlew,  where  he 
resides  at  the  present  time.  In  addition  to 
producing  hay.  he  is  raising  considerable  stock 
and  is  known  as  one  of  the  prosperous  stock  men 
and  farmers  in  this  section. 

In  1895,  •^^■'-  Keogan  married  [Miss  Addie 
DeSautel,  whose  parents  are  natives  of  Wash- 
ington and  have  the  following  children,  Addie, 
Joseph,  William,  [Maline,  [Margret,  Bassil, 
Edward,  Gilbert,  Nancy,  Dorothy,  and  [Maxin. 
To  [Mr.  and  [Mrs.  Keogan,  three  children  have 
lieen  born.  Ernest,  Elizabedi,  deceased  and  H. 
P.  In  1899,  [Mr.  Keogan  was  called  to  mourn 
the  death  of  his  wife. 

In  political  matters,  he  is  a  Republican  and 
takes  a  keen  interest  in  public  affairs.  For 
three  years,  he  served  as  Indian  policeman. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church  and  is 
a  substantial  and  capable  man. 


HOWARD  D.  RUMSEY.  like  many  of 
the  enterprising  and  prosperous  men  of  Ferry 
county,  has  resided  here  but  a  few  years,  but 
has  shown,  during  that  time,  commendable 
energy  and  interest  in  opening  up  the  country. 
He  li\es  seven  miles  south  from  Curlew  and 
there  does  general  farming  and  raises  stock. 

Howard  D.  Rumsey  was  born  in  Brants 
county.  Michigan  on  October  4,  1859,  the  son 
of  Peter  and  Temperance  (Bond)  Rumsey, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Virginia  respectively. 
They  settled  in  Michigan  in  1845,  "^vhich  was 
continuously  their  home  until  1877.  when  the 
father  died.  His  widow  is  still  living  in  .\lle- 
gan  county  of  that  state.  Ten  children  have 
been  born  to  them,  as  follows :  Johnson,  Frank, 
Howkrd  D.,  Edward,  Barton,  Scemilda.  Ser- 
vina,  [Melville,  Fay  and  Martie.  From  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Sherwood,  in  [Michigan,  our  sub- 
ject gained  his  educational  training  and  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  started  out  in  life  for  himself. 
For  six  years,  he  and  his  brother,  John,  oper- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


457 


ated  a  threshing  machine  and  clover  huller  and 
also  did  other  work.  Then  he  came  to  Minnesota 
where  he  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  and  for 
twenty  years  worked  at  it  in  [Minnesota.  jMis- 
souri,  Montana  and  Idaho.  In  1890,  Mr.  Rum- 
sey  came  west  and  after  one  year,  returned  to 
Minnesota.  Two  years  after  that,  he  went  to 
Missouri  and  again  came  back  to  Minnesota, 
which  was  his  home  until  1897,  then  he 
journeyed  to  Montana  and  worked  at  his  trade 
and  also  did  farming.  In  1900,  he  came  to  his 
present  location,  seven  miles  south  from  Cur- 
lew. Here  he  took  up  a  homestead,  half  of 
which  is  now  under  cultivation.  He  raises  some 
stock  and  has  improved  his  place  in  good  shape. 

In  1883,  Mr.  Rumsey  married  Miss  Ida, 
daughter  of  Edward  and  Jane  (Hagen)  Bart- 
lett.  natives  of  New  York.  They  were  pioneers 
to  [Michigan  and  later  journeyed  on  to  Min- 
nesota, where  the  father  died.  The  mother  is 
still  living  in  that  state.  They  were  the  parents 
of  two  children,  Ida,  wife  of  our  subject,  and 
Merritt.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rumsey,  one  child 
has  been  born,  Elver. 

In  political  matters  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party  appeal  more  strongly  to  Mr. 
Rumsey  and  he  is  a  stalwart  in  their  ranks. 

Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
He  is  a  man  of  good  standing  and  is  respected 
and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him.  having 
shown  by  his  excellent  labors  in  this  county,  his 
industrv  and  substantialitv. 


STEPHEN  LA:MBERT  resides  twelve 
miles  north  from  Republic  where  he  does  gen- 
eral farming  and  raises  stock.  He  is  distinctly 
a  pioneer  of  the  west,  as  he  has  passed  most  of 
his  life  on  the  frontiers,  ever  laboring  to  open 
up  and  develop  the  country,  manifesting  a  com- 
mendable zeal  in  his  efforts. 

Stephen  Lambert  was  born  in  Dakota,  in 
February,  1833,  being  the  son  of  Stephen  and 
Catherine  (Gody)  Lambert.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Canada,  and  the  mother  was  born  in 
Dakota,  being  decended  from  Indian  and  white 
ancestors.  The  parents  reared  ten  children, 
Madelin,  Peter,  Jane,  Joseph,  Daniel,  Mary, 
William,  Stephen,  who  is  the  subject  of  this 
article  [Margret  and  John.  They  are  living 
in  different  portions  of  the  country,  but  the 
parents  have  both  died.    Stephen  was  reared  on 


the  frontier,  where  there  were  little  or  no 
ad\antages  in  an  educational  line,  consequently 
he  was  not  enabled  to  gain  much  knowledge 
from  books.  At  the  early  age  of  seventeen  he 
started  in  life  for  himself,  his  first  employment 
being  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  He 
was  operating  in  Canada  constantly  until  1888, 
when  he  came  to  his  present  location,  since 
which  time  he  has  constantly  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock. 

In  1873  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Lam- 
bert and  Miss  ]Mary  Peter,  an  Indian  woman, 
who  was  born  and  reared  in  Washington.  To 
this  marriage  the  following-  named  children 
have  been  born  :  Sarah,  Angeline,  deceased ; 
Willie,  deceased;  Willie,  Adddie,  Joseph,  Al- 
phonzo,  IMose,  Emily,  Mary  J.,  Johnnie  and 
Oliver.  Mr.  Lamliert  has  an  estate  of  one 
half  section,  and  has  prospered  well  in  his  la- 
bors in  the  financial  world.  In  politics  he  is 
allied  with  the  Republican  party  and  is  an  active 
participant  in  the  campaigns.  'Sir.  Lambert 
and  his  famih^  are  all  members  of  the  Catholic 
church.  He  has  taken  great  pains  to  give  each 
one  of  his  children  a  good  education,  which  is  a 
commendable  thing,  especially  when  we  con- 
sider that  I\Ir.  Lambert  himself  was  denied  that 
privilege.  The  children  are  at  home  and  resid- 
ing near,  and  among  those  married  is  Sarah, 
whose  husband  is  John  Daniels.  Mr.  Daniels 
was  born  in  Texas,  on  October  7,  1869,  being 
the  son  of  William  and  Eliza  (Clemmons) 
Daniels.  Slv.  Daniels  has  one  sister,  Rettie, 
and  one  brother,  Thomas.  He  was  reared  on 
the  frontier  and  had  little  opportunity  to  gain 
an  education,  but  owing  to  keen  observation 
has  become  a  well  informed  man.  About  1899, 
he  came  to  the  vicinity  where  he  now  resides 
and  settled  on  his  land,  fourteen  miles  north 
from  Republic.  He  has  a  half  section.  The 
marriage  of  Mr.  Daniels  and  Miss  Sarah  Lam- 
bert was  solemnized  on  November  28.  1892,  and 
to  them  two  children  ha\-e  been  born,  Katie  and 
Mary. 


JOSEPH  DeSAUTEL  DeGASPER  re- 
sides nine  miles  north  from  Republic  and  has 
the  distinction  of  being  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers of  northern  Washington,  having  iDeen fifty 
years  in  these  parts.  He  was  born  in  Montreal, 
Canada,  on  March  22,  1824,  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Janette  (  DeChalan)  De  Gasper,  natives  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Canada,  where  also  they  remained  until  their 
death.  The  father  was  foreman  on  the  log 
and  lumber  drives  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  Nine 
children  were  born  in  this  family,  Joseph,  Felix, 
Narcis,  John,  Maxime,  Antoin,  Abraham,  Mar- 
gret,  and  Mary.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  French  language  but  never  attended  English 
school.  When  eleven  he  laid  aside  his  books  and 
entered  on  the  stern  realities  of  life,  his  first 
wages  being  fifty  cents  per  month.  For  this  re- 
muneration, he  worked  for  several  years,  then 
got  his  pay  doubled.  In  1843,  he  went  to  work 
for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  operating  both 
on  the  British  and  the  American  side.  In  1854 
Mr.  DeGasper  took  a  homestead  at  Pinkney 
City,  near  Colville,  the  place  now  owned  by 
L.  M.  Meyers.  He  sold  this  place  to  IMr. 
]\Ieyers  and  took  another.  Later  he  went  to 
Nespelim,  but  was  sent  out  of  that  country  by 
General  Howard,  who  was  in  charge  of  mili- 
tary affairs  then  and  was  separating  the  white 
people  from  the  Indians.  He  returned  to  Col- 
ville and  took  a  homestead  which  was  his  home 
for  eleven  years.  After  that  he  came  to  where 
Republic  now  stands  and  took  land  which  he 
farmed  with  his  son,  jMaxine.  In  1S99,  Mr.  De- 
Gasper  settled  where  he  now  lives,  nine  miles 
north  from  Republic,  having  a  good  farm  and 
raising  stock. 

In  1 85 1,  Mr.  De  Gasper  married  Miss  Julia 
LaFleur,  daughter  of  \Vaukene  and  Margret 
LaFleur.  Mrs.  DeGasper  has  two  brothers, 
Joseph  and  Michael.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  DeGas- 
per the  following  named  children  have  been 
born:  Maxine,  in  this  county;  John,  in  Stevens 
county;  Adolph,  in  Okanogan  county:  ]\Iay, 
also  in  that  county ;  Frank,  in  Stevens  county ; 
Rose,  wife  of  J.  A.  Rutherford,  in  Republic; 
Olive,  married  to  Thomas  Pehrson^  in  Repub- 
lic; and  Felix,  with  his  parents,  Mr,  DeGasper 
is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church  as  also  are 
the  other  members  of  his  family.  He  is  a 
strong  Republican  and  always  takes  a  keen  in- 
terest in  political  matters.  He  stands  well  in 
the  communitv  and  has  manv  friends. 


JOSEPH  SAMBY,  who  resides  about  five 
miles  south  from  Curlew,  is  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington, liaving  been  born  in  the  Kettle  river  val- 
ley January  i,  1865,  His  parents  were  Antoine 
and  Mar}'   (Assell  )    Samby,  both  natives  of 


Washington.  Our  subject's  paternal  grand- 
father was  chief  of  the  Kettle  river  Indians 
and  upon  his  death  the  chiefship  was  given  to 
Tenasket.  Our  subject's  father  died  in  1891, 
being  one  hundred  years  of  age.  During  the 
late  .years  of  his  life,  he  was  totally  blind.  For 
thirty  years,  this  venerable  man  and  his  wife, 
who  also  died  at  a  very  advanced  age,  lived 
where  our  subject  now  dwells.  Joseph  being 
youngest  of  the  family,  it  fell  to  his  lot  to  care 
for  his  parents  and  consequently  he  was  privi- 
leged to  gain  very  little  education.  While 
still  very  young,  he  began  laboring  and  has  been 
very  successful,  for  at  the  present  time  he  has 
nearly  four  hundred  acres  of  good  land  and  a 
nice  band  of  cattle.  Eighty  acres  of  the  estate 
is  devoted  to  timothy  and  forty  to  grain  while 
the  balance  is  used  for  pasture.  He  has  a  good 
barn  and  a  small  orchard,  Mr.  Samby  has 
always  been  a  keen  observer  and  has  supple- 
mented his  lack  of  educational  training  by  care- 
ful personal  research  and  he  is  to  be  commended 
for  the  success  he  has  made. 

In  1902,  occured  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Samby  to  Miss  Katie  Telehitza  and  to  them  two 
children  have  been  bom,  Susan  and  Alice. 

Fraternally.  Mr.  Samby  is  a  Republican, 
while  in  religious  persuasions,  he  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Catholic  church.  'Mr.  Samby  has 
]xen  a  very  fine  example  to  his  people  in  that 
he  has  taken  up  the  labor  of  the  agriculturist 
and  has  successfully  carried  it  forward.  He  is 
a  good  citizen  and  one  of  the  respected  men  of 
the  communitv. 


GILBERT  DESAUTEL  is  one  of  the 
younger  and  prosperous  stock  men  of  Ferry 
county,  whose  labors  and  walk  have  shown 
forth  real  ability  and  uprightness.  He  resides 
about  four  miles  south  from  Republic,  where 
he  handles  an  estate  of  four  hundred  acres, 
eighty  acres  of  which  belongs  to  himself  and 
the  balance  is  rented. 

Gilbert  Desautel  was  born  at  Hunter  creek, 
Stevens  county,  on  October  16,  1882,  being  the 
son  of  IMaxim  and  Louise  fPeone)  Desautel, 
natives  of  Washington,  After  a  brief  residence 
in  Stevens  county,  the  family  moved  to  Lincoln 
county,  \^"ashington  and  thence  returned  to 
their  original  home.  In  t88q,  they  came  to  the 
Curlew  valley,  where  the  father  still  resides. 
Our  subject  is  one  of  nine  children  named  as 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


459 


follows :  Ed,  a  sailor,  now  in  South  Africa ; 
Gilbert,  the  subject  of  this  article;  Joseph; 
William;  Nancy;  Maggie;  Dora;  Bail  and 
j\Iax.  Our  subject  received  his  schooling  in 
various  places  where  the}'  lived,  mostly  in  Ten- 
asket,  Okanogan  county.  After  the  days  of 
his  educational  training,  he  started  out  for  him- 
self, being  then  sixteen  years  of  age.  His  first 
work  was  handling  a  farm  on  shares  and  at  the 
time  the  reser\-ation  was  opened,  he  took  his 
allotment  of  eight}'  acres,  where  he  now  resides 
and  as  stated,  farms  in  addition  thereto,  half  a 
section.  His  land  is  largely  de\-oted  to  hay  and 
he  handles  about  three  hundred  tons  each  year. 
He  has  seventy-five  head  of  cattle  which  he 
owns  in  company  with  his  father,  and  the  farms 
are  well  improved  with  buildings,  fences  and  so 
forth.  The  cattle  are  wintered  on  the  Spokane 
reservation  and  they  market  most  of  their  hay. 
The  grandfather  of  our  subject  is  still  residing 
in  Washington  and  is  named  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.  Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  Cath- 
olic church  and  is  one  of  the  progressi\-e  and 
substantial  young  men  of  Ferry  county.  His 
future  is  bright  in  promise  and  his  industry 
and  ability  will  soon  place  him  among  the 
heaviest  property  owners  5f  this  section  of  the 
countrv. 


GEORGE  HERRON.  This  venerable 
gentleman,  a  native  of  Washington,  has,  during 
a  long  and  eventful  career,  been  closely  con- 
nected with  the  leading  history  making  ques- 
tions in  the  entire  northwest.  It  is  very  fitting 
therefore,  that  a  review  of  his  life  be  incor- 
porated in  the  volume  that  purports  to  give 
mention  of  the  leading  citizens  of  this  portion 
of  the  state. 

George  Herron  was  born  at  Squally,  near 
Olympia.  in  1831.  being  the  son  of  Frank  and 
Tosette  (Boucher)  Herron,  natives  of  Canada 
and  the  Colville  country,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  chief  factor  in  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  and  traveled  a  great  deal.  The 
mother  was  a  nieml)er  of  the  Colville  tribe  and 
died  in  the  Willamette  valley  in  1878.  The 
father  died  in  1832,  when  our  subject  was  one 
year  old.  He  was  an  only  child  and  upon  his 
father's  death,  went  with  his  mother  to  the  Wil- 
liamette  valley  and  lived  with  the  tribes  in  that 
section.  Mr.  Herron  was  raised  in  the  prim- 
itive style  of  the  native  Indians,  consequently 


had  very  little  opportunity  for  an  education. 
Being  endowed  with  considerable  talent,  how- 
ever, he  very  cleverly  picked  up  the  various 
languages  which  he  heard  and  soon  became  very 
proficient  in  all  the  dialects  of  the  Indians  of 
the  northwest,  as  well  as  in  English  and  French. 
When  very  young  he  started  independent  action 
and  for  seven  years  farmed  on  French  Prairie 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  one  of  the  well  known 
points  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  northwest. 
After  that,  Mr.  Herron  moved  back  to  Colville ' 
and  began  operating  a  pack  train  from  The 
Dalles  to  that  point,  continuing  the  same  for  five 
years.  Then  he  hired  to  the  United  States  as 
interpreter  and  for  twenty-five  years  was  in 
their  employ  for  seventy-five  dollars  per  month. 
For  three  years,  he  was  with  the  war  depart- 
ment and  following  this  long  service,  he  again 
farmed  in  Stevens  county,  residing  on  the  Col- 
umbia river.  In  about  1878  or  1879,  Mr. 
Herron  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  with  a 
number  of  Indian  chiefs,  Cheans,  Moses,  Ten- 
asket,  Sasaphapine,  and  Lott.  The  object  of 
this  journey  was  to  act  as  interpreter  for  these 
chiefs  while  they  consulted  with  the  government 
in  reference  to  the  treaty.  At  the  time  of  the 
war  with  Joseph,  Mr.  Herron  was  very  busy, 
riding  from  one  tribe  to  another  in  the  north- 
west, being  employed  by  the  government  in  the 
interest  of  peace  and  his  services  can  scarcely 
be  overestimated  in  their  efficiency  to  keep  the 
Indians  from  going  on  the  war  path.  He  was 
considered  one  of  the  best  interpreters  in  the 
entire  northwest.  On  one  occasion,  in  the 
earlier  part  of  Joseph's  war,  there  was  a  council 
of  Indians  with  the  government  officers  at  Spo- 
kane. Their  interpreter  was  entirely  unable  to 
officiate  and  Mr.  Herron  was  sent  for.  After 
the  consultation,  he  was  kept  with  the  officers 
and  soldiers  until  the  war  was  ended.  He  spent 
this  time  in  various  sections  of  the  country  and 
after  the  hostilities,  he  returned  to  Spokane 
Falls  and  his  family  was  the  only  one  there. 
A  sawmill  and  store  were  the  only  business 
establishments  then  at  the  falls.  In '1888,  Mr. 
Herron  removed  to  his  present  place,  about  five 
miles  north  of  Republic,  where  he  owns  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  one  hundred 
and  forty  of  which  raises  timothy  and  produces 
nearly  two  hundred  tons  annually.  He  has 
about  fifty  head  of  cattle,  besides  other  prop- 
erty. Mr  Herron  does  not  attend  to  his  farm 
personally  but  rents  it.     During  the  last  few 


460 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


years,  he  lias  had  the  great  misfortune  to  be 
stricken  with  bhndness  and  it  is  sincerely  hoped 
that  the  etYorts  now  being  set  forth,  will  result 
in  his  entire  I'ecovery. 

In  1863,  Mr.  Herron  married  an  Indian 
\\oman  and  to  this  union  were  born  five  child- 
ren :  John,  deceased ;  Alex,  on  the  Kettle  river ; 
Joseph,  married  to  Noah  LeFleur,  on  the  Col- 
umbia river ;  David,  in  the  Curlew  valley ;  and 
Josette,  deceased.  In  1876,  Mr.  Herron  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife  and  four 
years  later,  he  married  Martina,  an  Indian 
woman. 

In  political  matters,  Mr  Herron  is  a  stanch 
Republican  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  this  realm.  He  and  his  family  are 
adherents  of  the  Catholic  church. 

In  the  early  days,  Mr.  Herron  was  deputy 
sheriff  of  Ste\'ens  county  under  John  Hofstet- 
ter.  Owing  to  his  service  as  interpreter,  Mr. 
Herron  has  been  associated  with  some  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  northwest,  having  thus  a 
very  wide  acquaintance  and  is  a  well  known  and 
influential  man.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness 
and  has  always  been  considered  a  valuable  and 
estimable  citizen. 


ALEXANDER  RAY.AIOND,  who  is  a 
farmer  and  stock  man  residing  a1»ut  five  miles 
north  from  Republic,  was  born  in  St.  Paul, 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  on  February  3,  1858, 
being  the  son  of  August  and  Mary  (Serrant) 
Raymond,  natives  of  Canada  and  Washington, 
respectively.  The  parents  settled  in  Oregon  in 
the  very  early  days  and  there  remained  until 
their  death.  They  had  eight  children.  Marcel, 
Caroline,  Augusta,  Sallene,  Frank  Alexander, 
Rosa,  and  Mary  M. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  Oregon  and 
Canada  and  spent  some  time  in  the  latter  place, 
at  St.  Lorent.  where  he  studied  for  three  years. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  bgan  life  for  him- 
self, first  taking  up  mining  in  Idaho.  Then  he 
was  engaged  in  the  quartermaster's  department 
for  the  government  for  alx)ut  two  years.  After 
this,  lie  was  on  the  sur^-ey  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  for  one  and  one  half  years.  Next,  we 
find  him  logging  on  the  sound  and  for  four 
years,  he  was  in  charge  of  a  large  sawmill  on 
Gray's  Harbor.  It  was  in  1803,  that  Mr.  Rav- 
mond  came  to  his  present  location  and  took  a 
homestead.    His  wife  received  her  allotment  of 


eighty  acres  and  their  estate  of  two  hundreil 
and  forty  acres  is  well  improved  and  cultivated. 
They  have  good  buildings  and  in  addition  to 
doing  general  farming,  have  a  nice  band  of 
cattle. 

In  1899,  Mr.  Raymond  married  Miss  Emily 
daughter  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Lambert,  na- 
tives of  South  Dakota  and  Canada,  respectively. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lambert  have  spent  most  of  their 
lives  in  the  northwest  and  in  1888,  settled  in 
Curlew  valley,  where  they  now  reside.  They 
are  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  named  as 
follows,  Sarah.  Alphonse,  William.  Emily, 
Closes,  John,  Joseph,  Addie.  Mary  J.,  Oliver, 
Angeline,  and  Willie. 

In  political  matters,  Mr.  Raymond  is  an 
active  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  church  and  are  the  parents  of 
two  children.  Stephen  A.  and  Caroline  J. 


FRANK  O'BRIEN  resides  alx>ut  two  miles 
east  from  Republic  and  is,  without  doubt,  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  farmers  and  stock  men 
in  Ferry  county.  He  has  about  six  hundred 
acres  of  land,  all  under  fence,  supplied  with 
plenty  of  water,  comfortable  buildings,  a  good 
orchard  and  various  other  improvements.  ]\Ir. 
O'Brien  raises  over  one  hundred  tons  of  tim- 
othy annually,  two  thousand  bushels  of  grain 
and  handles  one  hundred  head  of  stock.  He 
made  settlement  in  this  place  in  1886  and  since 
that  time  has  continued  industriously  in  the  line 
of  farming  and  stock  raising,  with  the  gratify- 
ing results  stated  above. 

Frank  O'Brien  was  born  in  Colville.  in  1862 
the  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Finley)  O'Brien. 
The  father  died  in  the  Black  Hills  during  the 
gold  excitement.  He  was  killed  there  and 
those  at  home  never  got  the  full  particulars. 
Our  subject  was  an  only  child  and  had  no 
opportunity  to  gain  an  education,  being  raised 
on  the  frontier.  \Mien  twel\-e  years  of  age. 
he  began  to  work  for  himself,  thus  learning 
in  the  tender  days  of  childhood  the  adversities 
and  buffeting  ways  of  the  world.  For  five 
years,  he  labored  for  his  board  and  clothes,  then 
took  up  freighting,  which  he  followed  for  six 
years.  After  that,  he  took  a  farm  near  Kettle 
Falls  and  having  made  improvements,  during  a 
]ieriod  of  four  or  five  years,  sold  it  and  came 
to  his  present  location,  settling  where  we  now 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


461 


find  him.  Of  the  fine  estate  mentioned,  he  has 
over  two  hundred  acres  under  cultivation  and 
is  increasing-  this  acreage  annually.  Mr. 
O'Brien  is  a  first  class  farmer  and  a  successful 
stock  man  as  is  readily  seen  by  an  inspection 
of  his  farm  as  well  as  in  the  excellent  success 
that  has  attended  his  efforts.  The  farm  is  so 
situated  that  he  is  able  to  irrigate  almost  the 
entire  acreage,  which  in  time  will  make  it  ex- 
ceedingly valuable. 

In  1886,  Mr.  O'Brien  maried  Miss  Rose, 
daughter  of  Antoine  and  Jennie  (Finley) 
Sheratt,  the  father  a  native  of  Canada  and  the 
mother  of  Washington.  To  this  union,  six 
children  ha\-e  been  born,  Antoine,  Ida,  James, 
Robert,  Jennie,  and  Rosa. 

Politically,  Mr.  O'Brien  is  a  Republican  and 
for  two  years  was  government  policeman  in 
Ferry  county.  He  and  his  family  are  adherents 
of  the  Catholic  church. 


ANTHONY  GENDRON  lives  about  four 
miles  east  from  Republic  and  was  born  in  Col- 
ville.  Stevens  county,  Washington  on  December 
I,  1868.  His  parents  are  Alexander  and  Esther 
(Alorrow)  Gendron,  natives  of  Canada  and 
Washington,  respectively.  They  lived  in  Colville 
most  all  their  lives  and'  there  the  father  died  in 
1888.  The  mother  now  lives  at  Marcus.  They 
were  the  parents  of  twelve  children.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  Colville  and  at  the  early 
age  of  sixteen  started  in  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself.  He  followed  working  for  wages  in  a 
livery  barn  then  farmed,  continuing  the  same 
in  the  vicinity  of  Colville  until  1894.  In  that 
year,  he  came  to  the  Curlew  valley  and  took  up 
land.  Three  years  later,  he  went  to  Marcus, 
then  came  back  to  the  valley  and  did  carpenter 
work  which  trade  he  had  previously  learned. 

Mr.  Gendron  is  a  Republican,  while  in  relig- 
ious persuasion  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Cath- 
olic church. 


ALEXANDER  GENDRON  was  born  at 
Colville  on  September  15,  1864,  being  the  son 
of  Alexander  and  Eliza  E.  Gendron,  natives 
of  Canada  and  Washington,  respectively.  The 
father  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  and  settled  in  the  Colville  valley  in 
very  early  days.     He  died   in    1891,  but  the 


mother  still  lives  in  the  Colville  valley.  They 
were  the  parents  of  fourteen  children.  Our 
subject  was  raised  on  the  frontier  and  received 
very  little  education.  At  the  age  of  eighteen, 
he  commenced  work  for  himself  and  having 
worked  for  wages  for  some  time,  he  began 
freighting  from  Spokane  to  Colville  and  in 
1892,  came  to  the  Curlew  valley  and  located. 
Since  that  time,  he  has  given  his  attention  to 
stock  raising  and  farming  and  now  he  and  his 
wife  have  a  fine  estate  of  four  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  about  four  miles  east  from  Republic. 
Mr.  Gendron,  in  addition  to  stock  raising  and 
general  farming,  has  a  threshing  outfit  which 
he  operates  during  a  part  of  the  year.  He 
handles  about  one  hundred  acres  of  hay  and 
grain,  using  the  balance  of  the  estate  for  pas- 
ture. He  has  good  buildings,  a  fine  orchard, 
and  other  improvements. 

In  1887,  Mr.  Gendron  married  Miss  Mattie, 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Caroline  (Scherette) 
Dupuis,  natives  of  Canada  and  Washington, 
respectively.  They  lived  in  Colville  almost  all 
of  their  days  and  there  the  mother  died  many 
years  since.  The  father  now  lives  with  his 
daughter,  Mrs.  Gendron.  Mrs.  Gendron  was 
born  in  Colville  and  there  received  a  good  edu- 
cation from  the  public  schools.  She  is  one  of 
a  family  of  eight  children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gendron,  five  children  have  been  born,  Joseph, 
Alfred  A..  George.  IMelvina,  and  Albert  R.  i\Ir. 
and  Mrs.  Gendron  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
church. 


JOHN  W.  McCANN,  who  owns  the  Sec- 
ond Division  of  the  town  of  Republic,  is  one 
of  the  best  known  mining  men  of  Ferry  county, 
having  been  interested  in  this  industry,  both  as 
a  prospector  and  promoter  for  some  time.  He 
has  had  wide  experience  in  mining  in  various 
parts  of  the  world  and  is  a  skillful  and  energetic 
man. 

John  W.  McCann  was  bom  in  Meigs 
county,  Ohio  on  June  4,  1856,  being  the  son  of 
William  and  Rebecca  (Goff)  McCann,  natives 
of  Virginia.  He  settled  in  Meigs  county  in  the 
early  days  and  there  remained  until  the  father's 
death,  in  1861.  The  mother  lived  there  some- 
time after  that,  then  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
where  she  died  in  1876.  They  were  the  parents 
of  fifteen  children.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  in  the  Albany  high  school  and  later 


462 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


completed  the  same  in  the  academy.  From 
sixteen  to  twenty,  he  operated  his  mother's  farm 
then  his  mother  having  died,  he  journeyed  west 
to  the  Black  Hills  in  South  Dakota.  There  he 
followed  mining  in  various  capacities  until 
1885,  when  he  came  to  Spokane.  Later,  he 
went  to  Idaho  and  mined  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  In  1887,  we  find  him  in  the  Okanogon 
country  and  six  years  later,  he  sold  his  mining 
interests  there  and  went  to  the  Kootenai  dist- 
rict, in  Canada.  After  that,  we  find  him  operat- 
ing in  southern  Oregon  and  in  1894,  he  went  to 
the  Yukon,  making  about  five  thousand  dollars, 
placer  mining.  He  came  back  and  located  in 
the  Boundary  district  and  soon  began  operations 
in  what  is  now  Ferry  county.  He  located  some 
of  the  first  claims  staked  on  the  reservation, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  The  Butte, 
The  Boston,  The  Greater  New  York,  The 
Lucky  Two,  all  of  which  he  has  patented,  also 
the  Home  Claim,  The  Valley  Group,  and  var- 
ious others.  Mr.  McCann  devotes  his  entire 
attention  to  handling  his  property,  both  real 
estate  and  mining,  and  is  one  of  the  progressive 
and  leading  men  of  the  county.  On  August  4, 
1899,  Mr.  McCann  married  Margaret  Rekoske, 
and  to  this  union  one  child  has  been  born, 
Beatrice. 

Politically,  Mr.  McCann  is  inclined  to  be 
independent  and  lilieral.  In  fraternal  affiilia- 
tions  he  is  connected  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  the  Eastern  Star.  His  wife  belongs  to  the 
latter  order  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Luth- 
eran church. 


ARTHUR  C.  MARS  is  one  of  the  indus- 
trious and  capable  mining  men  in  Republic  who 
devotes  his  entire  time  to  this  industry.  He 
was  born  in  Marquette  county,  Michigan  on 
July  24,  1859,  being  the  son  of  John  B.  and 
Addie  (Willet)  Mars,  natives  of  Canada.  They 
settled  in  Michigan  in  the  fifties  and  lived  there 
until  1878,  then  came  to  ^Manitoba,  Canada, 
later  moving  to  the  Black  Hills.  This  last 
move  was  in  1878  and  in  that  country  they 
now  live,  being  the  parents  of  the  following- 
children,  A.  D.,  Jerry,  Lunis,  Emily,  Matilda, 
and  A.  C,  the  subject  of  this  article.  Arthur 
received  his  education  in  Michigan,  then  later 
entered  a  college  in  Canada,  after  which  he  took 
a  course  in  the  mining  institution  at  Rapid  City, 
South  Dakota,  and  has  Ijecome  an  expert  in 


mineralogy  and  assaying.  After  these  courses, 
he  gave  his  attention  to  mining  in  the  Black 
Hills  until  1896,  in  which  year  he  came  on  to 
Republic.  Since  then,  he  has  given  his  entire 
attention  to  mining,  having  located  a  good 
many  claims  and  is  now  an  owner  of  various 
properties.  Among  those  located  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Hidden  Fortune^  Orofino,  Ocean 
Wave,  Cabin  Lode,  and  others.  He  bought 
the  Mountain  View,  Hidden  Treasure,  Old 
Glory,  and  a  group  of  five  claims  in  addition. 
At  the  present  time  he  is  driving  a  tunnel  in 
the  Hidden  Fortune  and  has  reached  a  small 
vein  and  expects  to  get  a  large  ore  deposit. 

Mr.  Mars  is  a  Democrat  and  in  religious 
persuasion,  belongs  to  the  Catholic  church. 


L.  H.  MASON,  a  leading  man  of  Ferry 
county,  is  now  operating  a  large  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  in  Republic.  He  was 
Ijorn  in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  on  September  9, 
1 861,  and  had  very  scanty  privileges  for  school- 
ing as  most  of  his  younger  days  were  spent  in 
laboring  on  the  cotton  plantation.  Being  of 
an  inquiring  mind,  however,  he  has  made  care- 
ful personal  research,  becoming  well  informed 
in  the  leading  matters  of  the  day.  When  twenty- 
four  years  of  age,  he  came  west,  and  located 
at  Conconully,  Washington  in  1887.  He 
labored  at  different  employments  there  for 
wages.  After  a  decade,  he  embarked  in  the 
general  merchandise  business.  Following  a 
period  spent  in  that  business,  he  came  to  Repub- 
lic and  built  the  second  frame  structure  in  the 
town.  He  opened  a  general  merchandise  estab- 
lishment and  has  conducted  the  same  until  the 
present  time.  He  is  a  skillful  business  man  and 
wisely  selects  the  goods  that  are  needed  in  this 
section,  and  this  fact,  together  with  his  uniform 
and  deferential  treatment  of  all  customers,  has 
given  him  a  large  patronage.  His  frame 
structure  has  given  way  to  a  large  brick  build- 
ing, the  most  commodious  in  the  city,  which  is 
well  stocked  with  goods.  The  store  is  located 
at  the  corner  of  Clark  avenue  and  Eighth  street 
and  is  the  largest  of  the  kind  in  Ferry  county. 
^Ir.  Mason  carries  a  full  line  of  dry  goods, 
general  furnishings,  shoes,  clothing,  and  so 
forth.  His  energy  and  ability  have  done  much 
in  this  new  country  to  help  improve  it  since  he 
has  been  here.  Mr.  ^lason  is  also  interested 
in  mining  and  is  a  progressive  man  on  all  lines. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


463 


Fraternally,  he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  Ijeing  junior  warden  of  the  lodge. 

Mr.  Mason  married  Miss  Lelia  A.  Lindsey 
of  Spokane  on  October  7,  1897,  and  to  them 
two  children  have  been  born  whose  names. are 
Elnor  and  Lelia. 


MILLARD  F.  CROUNSE  was  born  on 
September  6,  1857  at  Auljurn,  New  York.  His 
father,  Jacob  Crounse  was  a  native  also  of 
Auburn  and  by  occupation,  a  contractor  and 
builder.  In  1861,  he  came  west,  spending  four 
years  in  Montana  after  which  he  returned  to 
New  ^'ork.  In  1874,  he  brought  his  family 
west  and  after  some  time  in  St.  Joseph,  came 
on  to  California,  stopping  at  various  places 
until  he  finally  reached  Portland,  Oregon  where 
he  dwelt  until  his  death,  in  1892.  Our  subject's 
mother  was  a  native  of  Connecticut.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Ann  Eliza  Gilbert.  To  them 
three  children  were  born,  William  H.  and  Mary 
B.,  both  deceased,  and  Millard  F.,  our  subject. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  in  his  native 
place  until  twelve  years  of  age,  then  went  to 
Texas,  where  he  was  engaged  on  a  stock  ranch 
for  a  good  many  years.  He  was  occupied  from 
Old  Alexico  to  ^Montana,  including  all  the  inter- 
vening territory  and  continued  for  fifteen  }-ears 
in  this  invigorating  employment.  One  year 
of  this  time,  however,  was  taken  as  a  vacation 
and  for  that  length  of  time  he  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  east.  In  1886,  Mr.  Crounse 
came  to  Spokane  and  opened  a  livery  stable 
with  a  partner,  the  firm  name  being  Crounse 
and  Abrams.  He  continued  this  business  for 
three  years  then  sold  out  and  went  to  Virginia 
City,  Okanogan  county.  At  that  place  he 
operated  a  hotel  for  seven  years,  then  came  to 
Republic,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the 
camp.  He  gave  his  attention  to  prospecting 
until  1898,  when  the  south  half  of  the  reser- 
vation was  opened  and  since  then,  he  has  been 
developing  his  claims.  He  has  some  very  fine 
placer  showings,  among  which  is  four  hundred 
and  eighty  acres  of  placer  ground  on  Gold 
creek.  He  also  has  numerous  other  claims  and 
considerable  timber  land  in  this  county. 

In  1889  ]\Ir.  Crounse  married  A'liss  Lucy 
IMcCarter  of  St.  Lawrence  county.  New  York 
and  to  them  one  child  has  been  born,  Ethel,  who 
is  now  aged  fourteen  years  and  is  attending  the 
Aquinas  academy,  in  Tacoma. 


IRVIN  BALLEW  resides  at  Danville,  be- 
ing one  of  the  well-known  citizens  of  this  flour- 
ishing village.  He  was  born  in  Carroll  county, 
Missouri,  on  April  14,  1S60,  the  son  of  C.  W. 
and  Mary  (Shipp)  Ballew,  natives  of  Missouri, 
and  of  Irish  ancestors.  They  are  still  residing 
in  Howard  county,  ^Missouri,  the  father  aged 
eighty-five  and  the  mother  seventy-five.  They 
are  retired  farmers  and  the  father  served  one 
year  in  the  Civil  war.  These  worthy  people 
were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  named  as 
follows:  Louisa  Amick,  Tohn  H.,  William  H., 
Florence  Davis,  C.  W.  Irvin,  R.  E.,  J.  S.,  J.  L., 
Virginia  B.,  Alamang  and  C.  E. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  Howard 
county,  Missouri,  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  twenty  years  of  age,  when  he  began 
farming  for  himself.  Two  years  later  he  came 
to  Denver,  Colorado,  and  there  was  engaged 
variously  for  nearly  two  years.  He  went  thence 
to  Texas,  where  he  remained  for  two  years, 
after  which  he  came  to  the  ^Vood  Ri\-er  country 
in  Idaho,  and  there  remained  three  years.  In 
1890  we  find  him  at  Fairhaven,  Washington, 
whence  he  journeyed  later  to  Ellensburg  and 
in  1892  came  on  to  Looniis,  Washington.  In 
1894  he  was  in  the  Cariboo  country  and  in 
1898  settled  at  Danville.  Mr.  Ballew  has  mined 
in  many  of  the  leading  camps  in  the  northwest 
and  is  now  interested  in  some  good  property  in 
the  Franklin  camp,  west  from  Danville.  In 
July,  1898,  Mr.  Ballew  married  Miss  Pearl 
Rogers  and  to  them  one  child  has  been  born, 
Gladys.  ?^Irs.  Ballew  has  one  sister,  Julia 
Stocker. 

Mr.  Ballew  is  active  in  politics  and  is  allied 
with  the  Democratic  party.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Eagles. 


FRANK  SUMMERS  was  born  in  Lassen 
county,  California,  on  April  23,  1873.  His 
father,  William  T.  Summers,  was  a  native  of 
Illinois  and  a  cooper  by  trade.  He  crossed  the 
plains  with  wagon  train  in  very  early  days  and 
met  with  much  hardship  from  the  Indians  and 
their  deprediations.  They  finally  settled  at 
Willow  creek  valley  and  there  followed  his 
trade  for  seven  years.  After  that  he  embarked 
in  the  hotel  business  at  Adin  and  the  original 
hotel  that  he  constructed  then  is  still  in  exist- 
ence, now  known  as  the  Exchange  house. 
Later,  he  sold  this  and  took  up  mining-  at  Hay- 


464 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


den  Hill.  Subsequent  to  that  he  opened  another 
hotel  which  he  is  still  operating  at  that  place. 
He  had  married  Miss  Virginia  Walker  and  to 
this  union  fourteen  children  have  been  born, 
eight  sons  and  six  daughters,  our  subject  being 
one  of  the  numlier.  During  his  early  days, 
Frank  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  state  and  assisted  his  father  in  the 
hotel  business  and  in  mining  until  eighteen 
vears  of  age  when  he  took  charge  of  the  livery 
business  that  his  father  operated  in  connection 
with  the  hotel.  After  some  time  at  that,  he 
drove  stage  from  Bieber  to  Susanville,  a  dis- 
tance of  eighty-five  miles,  for  three  years.  He 
did  teaming  then  for  some  time,  after  which  he 
opened  a  meat  market  in  the  town  of  Adin. 
Selling  that,  he  moved  to  Hayden  Hill  and  en- 
gaged in  the  Golden  Eagle  stamp  mills.  From 
there,  he  came  to  Loomis,  Okanogan  county, 
Washington.  Soon  he  journeyed  on  to  where 
Republic  now  stands.  This  was  in  the  spring 
of  1898  and  soon  thereafter,  he  secured  employ- 
ment with  Keck  &  Mason,  who  are  mentioned 
in  this  volume.  He  is  steadily  engaged  with 
Mr.  Keck,  who  conducts  the  business. 

On  June  21,  1895  Mr.  Summers  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Albertine  LaPoint.  Mrs. 
Summer's  father  G.  LaPoint  is  a  native  of 
:Montreal.  Canada,  and  a  millwright.  He  re- 
sides in  Republic  at  the  present  time.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Summers,  three  children  have  laeen 
born,  Verda,  Chester  F.,  and  Ransom  V. 

Mr.  Summers  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles 
and  one  of  the  progressive  men  of  Republic. 
He  is  interested  in  mining  claims  on  the  south 
half  of  the  reservation  as  well  as  in  other  places 
and  owns  property  besides  his  residence  in  Re- 
public. 


HALL  BROTHERS.  Daniel  R.  and 
Robert  J.  Hall  are  owners  and  operators  of  a 
fine  livery  business  in  Republic.  They  have  a 
large  barn,  fifty  by  one  hundred  feet,  with  room 
for  fifty  tons  of  loose  hay  and  over  fifty  head 
of  stock.  They  have  a  fine  assortment  of  rigs 
and  plent}'  of  first-class  horses,  and  do  a  thriv- 
ing business.  They  are  substantial  men  and 
have  done  their  share  in  building  up  Republic 
and  fostering  the  interests  of  the  new  county. 

Daniel  R.  Hall  was  born  in  Roler  \^alley. 
Pennsylvania,  on  March  6.  1874.  being  the  son 
of  Roi)ert  and  Isabelle  (Moore)  Hall,  natives 


of  Scotland  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively. 
The  father  came  to  this  country  when  quite 
young  and  Pennsylvania  was  the  home  of 
the  family  until  1886,  when  they  removed  to 
California. ,  The  father  died  in  1903.  while 
making  a  visit  to  his  son  in  Republic,  and  the 
mother  still  lives  in  California.  They  were  the 
parents  of  nine  children,  named  as  follows: 
Joshua,  Mary,  Wm.  J.,  better  known  as  Kelley, 
Sadie,  Robert  J.,  Rebecka,  Daniel,  Nannie  and 
Alice.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in 
\arious  places  where  the  family  lived,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  began  life  for  himself.  For 
a  while  he  was  engaged  on  a  stock  farm  and  in 
1889  came  to  where  Republic  now  stands. 
Later,  in  connection  with  his  brother,  Robert  J., 
he  opened  the  Pioneer  livery  stable  of  Republic 
and  has  continued  since,  doing  a  fine  business. 
In  addition  to  this  property,  he  owns  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres  of  good  land  near  town. 

Politically,  Mr.  Hall  is  an  active  Democrat. 
He  is  a  memljer  of  the  Eagles. 

The  marriage  of  Daniel  R.  Hall  and  Aliss 
Gertrude  Coffee  was  solemnized  on  January 
I,  1904. 

Robert  J.  Hall,  better  known  as  James  Hall, 
was  born  on  July  13,  1869,  in  a  rural  village  of 
Armstrong  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  attended 
the  common  schools  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
then  soon  after  went  to  California  and  engaged 
in  stock  farming.  From  there  he  came  to  Re- 
public with  his  brother,  mentioned  in  this  arti- 
cle, and  since  that  time  has  been  associated  with 
him  in  his  business  as  liveryman.  For  three 
years  he  was  interested  in  the  stage  line  that 
operated  between  Republic  and  Grand  Forks, 
and  since  then  has  been  one  of  the  firm  of  Hall 
Brothers,  liverymen.  Mr.  Hall  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  is  a  councilman  of  Repub- 
lic. Politically  he  is  a  solid  Democrat  and  works 
for  his  principles. 

Rol>ert  J.  Hall  married  Aliss  Nora  Page 
and  to  them  three  children  have  been  born : 
William  R..  aged  seven :  Dan  J.,  aged  five;  and 
Carrie  I.,  aged  three. 


JOHN  F.  MAY.  of  the  firm  of  Stewart  and 
May,  wholesale  and  retail  butchers,  is  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  Ferry  county.  In 
addition  to  attending  to  the  business  just  men- 
tioned,   Mr.   May  owns   and  oversees  a   very 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


465 


fine  stock  ranch  seven  miles  out  from  Republic, 
one  of  the  best  in  the  countrj'-.  He  also  handles 
a  dairy  and  does  an  ice  business. 

John  F.  May  was  born  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa, 
on  November  11,  1871.  His  father,  Thomas 
J.  Alay,  was  a  native  of  Illinois  and  followed 
carpentering.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  Cincin- 
nati, Iowa.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  Mary 
(Morrow)  May,  was  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina. To  lier  and  her  husband  six  children  were 
born,  George  W. ;  Edgar  B. ;  Minnie,  wife  of 
Mr.  McKeehan;  Ada,  wife  of  William  Bowie; 
Ida,  wife  of  C.  C.  McDonald;  and  John  F.,  our 
subject.  John  F.  was  the  youngest  of  the 
family  and  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Iowa.  When  fourteen  he  left  home 
and  was  employed  on  a  farm  in  Kansas  for  two 
years.  After  that,  he  followed  mining  for  five 
years,  then  went  to  work  in  a  general  merchan- 
dise store.  After  two  years  in  that  business, 
he  came  to  British  Columbia,  then  did  mining 
in  Washington  until  1896.  In  1896  Mr.  May 
went  to  Rossland  and  conducted  a  dairy  for 
two  years.  He  went  out  of  that  business  and 
in  February,  1898,  went  to  Republic  and  started 
in  the  same  business.  He  has  continued  in  it 
until  the  present  time,  being  engaged  in  the 
other  enterprises  mentioned  above. 

Mr.  May  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  town. 

On  July  14,  1898,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  May  and  Miss  Minnie  Skinner,  natives  of 
Missouri.  To  them  have  been  born  two  chil- 
dren, Bessie  A.,  aged  five,  and  Richard  T., 
aged  two  years. 


PETER  B.  NELSON  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Ferry  county,  being  now  lo- 
cated at  Danville,  which  was  formerly  known 
as  Nelson.  He  conducts  a  very  large  mercan- 
tile establishment,  carrying  a  stock  which  is 
well  assorted  and  very  complete,  consisting  of 
dry  goods,  groceries,  hardware,  drugs,  boots, 
shoes,  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Nelson  has  a  large 
two-story  block,  which  cost  about  five  thousand 
dollars,  besides  various  other  property.  He  also 
owns  a  large  interest  in  mining  and  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  a  good  holding  in  the 
]\Iolly  Prichard  and  the  Wellington  camp,  be- 
sides many  other  promising  properties.  Mr. 
Nelson  is  also  at  the  present  time  postmaster 
of  Danville. 

30 


Peter  B.  Nelson  was  born  in  Vejle,  Den- 
mark, on  [March  17,  1S73,  being  the  son  of 
Nels  P.  B.  and  Mary  (Nelson)  Nelson,  natives 
of  Denmark,  where  the  father  died  in  1875. 
The  mother  is  still  living  there  and  conducting 
a  large  hotel.  Our  subject  is  one  of  five  chil- 
dren, named  as  follows :  S.  B.,  Nels  B.,  Anna 
B.,  Petrina  E.,  and  Ingeborg.  The  oldest 
brother  of  our  subject's  father,  Jens  Bertelsen- 
Nelson,  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  in  the 
government  of  Denmark  for  25  years  and  a 
very  prominent  factor  in  the  left  wing  of  the 
house  until  his  death  in  1900.  In  his  native 
place  our  subject  received  his  education  from 
a  private  school,  and  at  the  early  age  of  seven- 
teen, launched  out  for  himself,  coming  to  the 
United  States.  He  came  direct  to  Spokane 
and  entered  the  employ  of  O.  B.  Nelson,  his 
uncle,  a  well-known  merchant  at  Spokane.  One 
year  later  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm, 
which  was  known  as  O.  B.  &  P.  B.  Nelson, 
their  leading  quarters  being  at  Nelson,  Wash- 
ington. In  1897  he  dissolved  partnership,  pur- 
chasing his  uncle's  interest  in  the  business  and 
conducting  the  same  alone.  In  1898  Mr.  Nel- 
son was  appointed  postmaster  of  Nelson,  and  in 
1900  resigned  and  went  to  Spokane  for  one 
year.  Afterward  he  returned  and  was  reap- 
pointed to  the  same  position,  which  he  still 
holds.  In  1898  I\Ir.  Nelson  took  an  extended 
trip  to  China  and  Japan,  spending  six  months 
in  the  journey. 

On  June  25,  1902,  Mr.  Nelson  married 
Miss  ]Mary  R.  Henderson,  whose  parents,  John 
B.  and  I\Iary  R.  Henderson,  were  natives  of 
Ireland  and  New  York,  respectively.  They 
now  reside  at  Grand  Forks  and  Mr.  Henderson 
is  engaged  with  a  large  English  syndicate  deal- 
ing in  lumber  at  Troullake  City,  B.  C.  Mrs. 
Nelson  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
Olive,  Arthur,  Eva,  Isabel,  Nellie,  John, 
Harold,  Mona  and  Herward. 

To  Mr.  and  I\Irs.  Nelson  one  child  has  been 
born,  Peter  B. 

In  political  matters  our  subject  is  very 
active  and  influential.  He  has  always  labored 
hard  for  the  advancement  of  the  country  and  is 
a  very  stirring  and  progressive  man. 

Fraternallv  he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  K.  of  P.,  The  Eagles.  Royal  Highlanders, 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  church  and  stanch 
supporters  of  that  faith. 


466 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


WILLIAM  ^[.  CLARK  is  certainly  to  be 
classed  as  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  Dan- 
ville. It  was  he  who  located  the  land  and  re- 
ceived the  patent  for  the  same  which  is  now 
occupied  by  the  town  of  Danville.  Excepting 
the  trading  post  which  was  established  there,  he 
■erected  the  first  building  in  the  town  and  was 
■a  veritable  leader  in  opening  up  this  place.  At 
the  time  J\Ir.  Clark  erected  the  first  structure  in 
Danville,  he  opened  a  good  general  store  and 
also  started  a  butcher  shop.  Since  those  days 
lie  has  been  continuously  engaged  in  the  prose- 
cution of  this  enterprise  and  is  now  the  recipient 
of  a  fine  patronage.  Mr.  Clark  is  considered 
one  of  the  leading  and  substantial  business  men 
of  Danville  and  his  efforts  in  building  up  the 
town  antl  opening  the  country  ha^•e  met  with  the 
■approval  of  all.  In  addition  to  his  mercantile 
interests  he  is  quite  heavily  interested  in  mining 
properties  in  various  sections,  especially  about 
Danville. 

\\'illiam  I\I.  Clark  was  born  in  Iowa  on  July 
9,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and  ^lary 
Clark,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania, 
respectively.  \Miile  our  subject  was  yet  an 
infant,  the  family  went  to  Nebraska  and  then 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Butte 
county,  California.  His  mother  died  and  he 
was  bound  out  to  a  man,  S.  K.  Thomas,  for 
se\en  years.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  term 
of  ser\ice,  Mr.  Clark  went  to  southern  Cali- 
fornia and  ]\Iexico  and  then  returned  to  Kan- 
sas, where  he  li\'ed  until  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  After  that  he  started  with  a  band  of 
horses  for  the  sound,  but  sold  out  and  went 
thence  to  California,  whence  he  came  to  Puget 
sound  and  then  to  Yakima.  In  this  latter  place 
he  remained  ten  years,  being  occupied  in  riding 
the  range.  He  also  bought  and  shipped  cattle 
to  Seattle  and  other  sound  points.  In  1892  Mr. 
Clark  located  in  Loomis,  Okanogan  county,  and 
went  into  the  stock  business.  Later  he  went  to 
the  Carribou  country  and  located  placer 
ground,  which  he  sold  in  1896.  Then  he  came 
to  where  Danville  now  stands  and.  as  stated, 
secured  a  patent  to  the  ground  and  established 
the  town  of  Danville. 

In  1892  Mr.  Clark  married  Miss  Bell 
Balien.  Her  parents,  J.  L.  and  Margaret 
(Gage)  Balien,  were  natives  of  Texas  and 
moved  to  Oregon  in  1854.  They  now  reside  in 
Danville.  They  are  the  parents  of  ten  children. 
Mr.   Clark  has  one  sister  and  three  brothers. 


Katherine,  George,  Nicholas  and  Charles.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clark  two  children  have  been 
born,  James  W.  and  Charles  S. 

In  political  matters  our  subject  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  and  pulled  strong  for  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the 
Eagles.  He  has  passed  through  the  chairs  of 
the  two  former  orders. 


HARRY  D.  :^IACK  is  proprietor  and 
operator  of  a  hotel  in  Curlew,  where  he  does  a 
thriving  business.  In  addition  to  this  he  owns 
and  operates  a  number  of  mining  properties, 
both  in  Ferry  county  and  British  Columbia, 
while  also  he  has  other  business  interests  in 
different  portions  of  the  state. 

Harry  D.  'Sla.ck  was  born  in  Brooklyn. 
Jackson  county,  Alichigan,  on  November  12. 
1863,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Jane  (Thomp- 
son) Mack,  natives  of  Scotland  and  Canada, 
respectively.  They  were  married  in  Canada, 
whence  they  came  direct  to  the  United  States, 
settling  in  Michigan,  where  they  remained  for 
the  rest  of  their  lives.  The  father  enlisted  in 
the  Civil  war  in  1864,  and  served  on  the  bridge 
or  carpenter  corps  to  the  end  of  the  struggle. 
He  died  November  16,  1868,  while  coming 
home  from  .war.  Our  subject  is  the  youngest 
of  the  family  and  his  brothers  and  sisters  are 
named  as  follows :  Elzina  Leonard,  William, 
Mary,  deceased,  Ida  and  Lyda,  twins,  the  for- 
mer married  J.  Smith  and  the  latter  -Mr. 
Ingalls.  Our  subject  received  his  first  school- 
ing in  Brooklyn,  IMichigan,  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  laid  aside  his  books  and  took  up  the 
stern  duties  of  life.  He  first  served  as  bellboy 
in  several  hotels  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  for  four 
years.  After  this  he  came  west  to  ^Miles  City, 
Montana,  with  an  engineer  corps  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific.  Later  he  became  timekeeper,  after 
which  he  opened  a  restaurant  in  Billings,  Mon- 
tana. In  1883  he  started  a  fruit  commission 
establishment  in  Bozeman.  Montana,  shipping 
the  first  train  load  of  fruit  in  that  state.  From 
there  he  went  to  Helena,  where  he  opened  a 
restaurant  and  in  18S4  came  to  Coeur  d'  Alene 
during  the  gold  excitement.  After  prospecting 
some  time,  he  went  to  Butte.  Montana,  and 
continued  again  in  the  restaurant  business. 
From  that  place  Mr.  ]\Tack  went  to  Redcliffe, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


467 


Califoniia,  where  he  was  in  business  for  a  time, 
then  tra\-eled  for  two  j-ears  selling  medicine. 
Following  this,  we  find  him  in  British  Columbia 
operating  a  hotel  in  Nelson,  whence  he  went  to 
Greenwood,  where  he  continued  in  the  same 
business  and  also  devoted  some  time  to  pros- 
pecting. He  did  business  in  Republic  in  1891, 
and  in  1892  opened  his  hotel  in  Curlew,  which 
he  operates  at  the  present  time. 

On  October  3,  1899,  Mr.  ]\Iack  married 
Miss  Caroline  Bolton,  a  native  of  Iowa,  who 
came  west  to  Oregon  in  1896,  and  to  Grand- 
forks,  British  Columbia,  in  1899. 

Politically  Mr.  Mack  is  a  Republican,  and 
always  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  campaigns, 
while  in  his  fraternal  relations  he  is  allied  with 
the  Eagles,  being  a  popular  and  capable  man. 


CHARLES  H.  LEWIS  is  the  owner  of 
a  good  hotel  business  in  Curlew,  Washington, 
being  a  pioneer  in  that  section.  He  was  born  in 
Lewiston,  Maine,  on  December  26,  1862,  the 
son  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  fKvles)  Lewis,  of 
old  Puritan  stock  in  Maine.  They  remained  in 
Lewiston  until  the  time  of  their  death.  Our 
subject  is  the  oldest  of  eight  children,  named  as 
follows:  Charles  H.,  ]\Iary,  Cora,  Lincoln, 
Amos,  Rosie,  Abbie,  and  A\'alter.  In  his  native 
place  our  subject  receiver!  schooling,  until  he 
was  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  work 
in  a  shoe  factory  in  Auljurn,  ]\Iaine.  For  two 
years  he  was  occupied  tluis,  then  clerked  in  a 
hotel  for  four  years.  In  1882  he  came  west  to 
Helena,  ^Montana,  and  there  did  teaming  and 
freighting  and  was  also  interested  in  the  restau- 
rant business  during  the  five  years  he  was  there. 
In  1887  he  came  on  to  Spokane,  working  as 
conductor  on  the  Idaho  division  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railroad.  Ten  years  later,  in  1897, 
he  c*ime  to  Stevens  county,  that  part  which  is 
now  Ferry  county,  locating  at  Curlew,  where 
he  was  occupied  as  salesman  in  a  small  store 
(iccupying  a  log'  cabin.  He  built  the  first  house 
that  was  erected  in  Curlew,  and  opened  a  hotel, 
which  has  been  operated  continuously  since.  In 
addition  to  this  property,  Mr.  Lewis  owns  a 
half  interest  in  the  waterworks  system  in  the 
town,  besides  other  property  and  Inrsiness  inter- 
ests in  the  county. 

On  February  8,  1893,  Mr.  Lewis  married 
Miss  Bertha  Nelson,  a  nati\-e  of  Iowa,  and  a 


pioneer  to  Spokane,  in  1886.  Her  parents  are 
natives  of  Norway,  to  whom  five  children  were 
bom,  Christina,  Delia,  Henry  and  Bertha. 

In  political  matters  j\lr.  Lewis  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  takes  an  interest  that  becomes 
everv  citizen  in  this  countrv.  He  is  a  member 
of  tlie  I.  O.  O.  F.,  also  of  the  Eagles. 


GEORGE  F.  BAIZLEY  is  game  warden 
of  Ferry  county,  and  an  active  and  conscien- 
tious officer.  He  was  born  in  San  Francisco, 
California,  October  20,  1859,  being  the  son  of 
S.  E.  and  Ellen  (Dailey)  Baizley,  natives  of 
Massachusetts.  In  1849  the  parents  came  by 
way  of  Cape  Horn  to  California,  where  the 
father  operated  in  the  navy  yard  for  years. 
They  were  in  San  Francisco  in  1868  at  the  time 
of  the  great  earthquake,  then  moved  to  Vallejo, 
where  the  mother  died  in -i  871.  Later  the 
father  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  worked 
in  the  ship  yards,  where  he  was  killed  in  1881. 
Mr.  Baizley  has  two  sisters  living,  Nellie  Yates 
and  Marion  Ricker.  There  were  seven  children 
in  his  father's  family,  but  all  the  rest  are  de- 
ceased, 

George  F.  was  educated  in  A'allejo,  Cali- 
fornia, and  when  fourteen  shipped  on  the 
Black  Hawk  merchantman  and  went  to  New 
York.  There  he  transferred  to  the  Champlain, 
coming  back  to  California,  but  was  wrecked  on 
Farloan  island,  near  Golden  Gate,  where  he  was 
rescued  by  the  schooner  Mendocino.  Return- 
ing home  he  remained  four  years  and  then  came 
to  AValla  Walla.  During  the  Nez  Perce  war 
he  did  excellent  service  as  messenger.  On  one 
occasion  he  came  from  where  Grangeville  now 
stands,  to  Lapwai.  and  found  the  bodies  of 
Lieutenant  Rams  and  seven  soldiers,  which  were 
later  brought  in  by  government  wagons.  He  had 
some  very  exciting  experiences  in  that  war. 
When  it  was  over,  he  settled  down  to  handling 
cattle  for  Lang  c&  Ryan.  In  1882  he  took  a 
herd  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  but  all  were 
lost  during  the  hard  w^inter.  He  came  across 
from  Crow's  Nest  Pass  and  swam  every  river 
from  Canada  to  Sandpoint,  whence  he  made  his 
way  to  Spokane^  and  again  entered  the  employ 
of  Lang  &  Ryan.  He  was  sent  to  Cheyenne, 
removed  thence  to  Crabcreek,  \\^ashington,  and 
later  was  at  Pendleton.  After  this,  we  find  him 
in   the  Coeur  d'   Alene  countrv,   then  on  the 


468 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


sound,  and  in  1890  in  Fairhaven,  whence  he 
went  to  Snohomish  in  1892.  He  was  in  busi- 
ness there  for  a  year,  then  came  to  Leavenworth, 
\\'ashington,  and  later  to  Lewiston,  wlience  he 
came  in  1897  to  RepubHc,  where  lie  now  lives, 
having  a  good  home  besides  other  property. 

In  1890  ]\Ir.  Baizley  maried  Aliss  Lucy 
Fryer,  whose  parents  crossed  the  plains  with 
the  Whitman  party  in  the  'forties.  The  father 
died  in  Oregon  in  1893,  and  the  mother  died 
at  Tacoma.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing children :  Katie,  Dora,  Fanny  and 
Lucy.  They  had  some  very  trying  times  with 
the  Indians  in  the  pioneer  days,  and  endured 
many  hardships. 

Air.  Baizley  is  an  active  Democrat  and 
always  labors  for  the  advancement  of  his  party. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles  and  a  man  of 
good  standing  in  the  community. 


ISAAC  La  FLEUR  is  a  native  of  North 
^^'ashington,  being  born  at  Colville  on  August 
25,  1865,  the  son  of  Mitchell  and  Mary  Le 
Fleur,  natives  of  lower  Canada  and  British 
Columbia,  respectively.  The  parents  w'ere 
married  in  Victoria  and  came  to  Colville  in 
1856,  where  they  remained  until  1891.  In  that 
year  they  mo\ed  to  the  vicinity  of  Curlew, 
where  the  father  died  in  1898.  The  mother 
still  lives  on  the  Spokane  reservation,  aged 
eighty.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  follow- 
ing children:  Telda,  deceased;  Matilda; 
Joseph;  Olive,  deceased;  Olive;  West,  de- 
ceased; John;  Maggie;  Isaac;  Edward,  de- 
ceased, and  Edward.  In  the  schools  of  Colville 
our  subject  was  educated,  that  place  having  bet- 
ter privileges  than  many  of  the  frontier  sections 
of  Washington.  When  fifteen  years  old  he  left 
his  books  and  began  work  for  himself.  He 
journeyed  to  Walla  Walla  and  was  there  for 
five  years  engaged  in  various  occupations.  Af- 
ter this  he  came  back  to  Colville,  then  went  to 
British  Columbia,  being  occupied  in  the  cow 
punching  Inisiness  there  one  year.  Again  he 
returned  to  Colville,  then  went  to  Nelson. 
After  that  he  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Curlew 
and  gave  his  attention  to  farming,  stock  rais- 
ing and  freighting  until  1901,  when  he  selected 
his  present  allotment,  four  miles  south  from 
Curlew,  which  consists  of  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres,  half  of  which  he  is  nnw  cultivat- 


ing, yir.  La  Fleur  raises  stock  and  hay  and  is 
prosperous. 

In  1889  Air.  LaFleur  married-Miss  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Lambert.  To 
this  union  two  children  were  born,  Marie  and 
Katie,  who  have  allotments  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  father's  estate  and  also  own  some  cattle. 

In  political  matters  Mn  LaFleur  is  a  Re- 
publican and  takes  a  lively  interest. 

On  Alarch  26,  1904,  Mr.  LaFleur  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  M.  E.  McKenzie  at  Republic, 
Washington.  Miss  McKenzie  was  born  and 
educated  in  eastern  Canada. 


AIAXWELL  H.  SHINN  is  a  well-known 
and  prominent  business  man  in  Republic,  where 
he  operates  a  commission  house.  He  is  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  Republic,  and  has  labored  as- 
sidiously  to  make  it  a  thriving  center. 

Maxwell  H.  Shinn  was  born  in  Quincy, 
Illinois,  on  November  18,  1852,  being  the  son 
of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Reeder)  Shinn,  na- 
tives of  West  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respect- 
ively. They  settled  in  Quincy  in  1830,  and 
came  to  Spokane  in  1880,  where  the  father 
opened  the  first  planing  mill  in  Spokane.  He 
did  business  there  for  four  years,  after  which 
he  consolidated  his  interests  with  the  Brickell 
company.  Later  he  sold  out  and  retired,  living 
in  Spokane  until  his  death,  in  1891,  when  his 
estate  was  appraised  at  ninety-two  thousand 
dollars.  The  mother  is  still  living  in  Spokane. 
The  father  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  legis- 
lature before  he  left  that  state,  and  was  a  very 
prominent  and  capable  business  man.  They 
were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  there  be- 
ing three  pairs  of  twins  in  this  number.  Those 
who  are  living  are  named  as  follows :  Maxwell 
H.,  our  subject;  Wilbur,  H.  J.  and  Pet. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  comrrfbn 
schools,  then  graduated  from  Quincy  college, 
in  1869.  and  afterwards  took  a  diploma  from 
the  Gem  City  business  college.  Immediately 
following  this  he  went  to  work  on  a  Alississippi 
steamboat  and  one  year  later  went  on  the  road 
for  a  Quincy  tobacco  house.  In  1873  he  was 
elected  manager  for  a  fruit  grower's  association 
and  remained  in  that  capacity  until  1882,  when 
he  came  west  to  Cheney.  He  collected  for 
Knapp,  Bm^ell  &  Company  of  Colfax,  for  four 
years,  after  which  he  went  to  Spokane  and  took 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


up  the  commission  business.  Later  he  took  as 
partner  E.  Lozier,  but  after  some  time  they 
sold  out.  Mr.  Shinn  operated  in  this  business 
in  Spokane  until  the  spring  of  1893,  when  he 
transferred  his  family  to  Kettle  Falls  and  con- 
tinued in  the  commission  business  until  May, 
1897,  when  he  came  to  Republic,  and  is  now  one 
of  the  prosperous  business  men  of  this  town. 

On  February  18,  1875,  Mr.  Shinn  married 
Miss  Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Alexander  and 
Mary  (Crocker)  Croson,  natives  of  Virginia, 
and  parents  of  seven  children.  To  our  sub- 
ject and  his  wife  five  children  have  been  born : 
Pearl,  deceased ;  Elsie,  wife  of  Frank  Rover,  in 
Grandforks;  Frank  P.,  going  to  business  col- 
lege in  Spokane;  Alford,  deceased,  being  the 
first  white  child  who  died  in  the  Republic  camp ; 
and  Fanchon,  the  baby. 

Mr.  Shinn  is  an  active,  influential  Repub- 
lican and  is  now  a  member  of  the  city  council. 
He  has  served  in  various  offices  as  deputy 
sheritf',  and  while  in  Illinois  was  deputy  sheriff, 
auditor,  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Shinn  is  a  warm 
friend  of  ex-Governor  Palmer  and  has  been 
associated  with  the  family  for  years.  Frater- 
naly  he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and 
the  M.  W.  A.,  of  which  he  is  an  organizer. 
Mrs.  Shinn  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church. 


QUINLAND  DIMOND.  This  venerable 
citizen  of  Ferry  county  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
this  section  and  has  had  a  vast  experience  in 
many  parts  of  the  United  States. 

He  was  born  on  Lake  Champlain,  New 
York,  on  October  13,  1829,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Sally  (Sleepes)  Dimond,  natives 
of  New  Hampshire.  They  settled  in  Franklin 
county,  New  York,  and  there  remained  until 
their  death,  the  father  passing  away  in  i860, 
and  the  mother  in  1864.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  twelve  children  and  our  subject  was  the 
youngest.  In  Vermont  and  New  York,  our 
subject  received  his  education,  and  until  twenty- 
one  remained  with  his  parents,  at  which  time 
he  started  out  for  himself.  He  first  worked  in 
a  gristmill,  then  went  to  Palmyra,  New  York, 
and  worked  in  a  distillery.  In  1852  he  came  via 
the  Isthmus  to  California  and  did  mining  for 
two  years.  He  made  considerable  money  at 
this  and  then  took  a  trip  to  New  York  and 
visited,  after  which  he  went  to  Sturgis.  Mich., 


and  operated  in  the  butcher  business  for  five 
years.  Following  this  Mr.  Dimond  raised 
broom  corn  and  manufactured  brooms  for 
some  time.  We  next  see  him  working  in  a 
broom  factory  in  Detroit,  and  in  1864,  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Montana,  and  there  mined 
for  three  years.  In  1870,  he  came  to  Walla 
Walla  and  freighted  for  some  time,  after  which 
he  located  a  farm  in  Pleasant  valley.  In  1896 
Mr.  Dimond  came  to  Ferry  county,  and  opened 
a  boarding  house,  his  wife  being  the  first  white 
woman  in  the  camp  at  Republic.  He  then 
opened  a  hotel  and  later  took  his  present  place 
as  a  mining  claim,  about  one  mile  north  from 
Republic.  He  does  farming  and  handles  cattle 
and  has  a  well-improved  estate. 

In  1878  Mr.  Dimond  married  Miss  Irene, 
daughter  of  William  and  Mary  J.  Torrance, 
natives  of  Oregon.  She  died  in  1880,  and  in 
1889,  June  5,  Mr.  Dimond  married  Mrs. 
IMary  Wiseman,  widow  of  Harold  Wiseman. 
Mrs.  Dimond  has  one  son  by  her  former  mar- 
riage, J.  A.,  now  living  at  home.  Mr.  Dimond 
is  a  stanch  Republican. 


JOSEPH  WINKER  is  a  well  known  busi- 
ness man  of  Republic,  where  he  is  engaged  in 
the  brewery  business.  The  plant  is  located  two 
and  one  half  miles  east  from  the  town.  He  was 
born  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  on  January  21, 
1864,  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Mary  (John- 
son) Winker,  natives  of  Germany  and  Sweden, 
respectively.  The  parents  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1855,  settling  in  St.  Paul,  where  the 
father  died  in  1871.  His  widow  is  still  living 
in  that  state.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children,  Joseph,  Mary,  Lawrence,  and  Ellen. 
Our  subject  was  favored  with  a  good  education 
in  St.  Paul,  studying  in  both  the  English  and 
the  German  languages.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two,  he  began  business  for  himself  and  at  once 
learned  brewing  and  followed  it  for  years.  He 
was  not  privileged,  however,  to  learn  it  from  his 
father  as  he  had  died  before  Joseph  was  old 
enough  to  begin  as  an  apprentice.  In  1888, 
Mr.  Winker  left  Minnesota  and  came  to  Mon- 
tana, where  he  followed  his  trade  until  1889. 
Owing  to  adverse  circumstances,  he  was  obliged 
to  close  out  his  business  and  in  1893,  went  to 
Butte,  where  he  remained  five  years.  In  1898, 
together  with  George  Falligan.  he  came  to  Re- 


470 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


public  and  soon  tliereafier  built  the  brewery 
which  he  is  now  operating.  It  is  a  good  large 
establishment  and  turns  out  twenty-tive  barrels 
a  day.  It  is  so  located  that  he  has  abundance  of 
spring  water  and  a  fine  power  to  run  the  ma- 
chinery. Mr.  Winker  has  a  partner.  Arnold 
Maschke.  and  he  gives  his  attention  to  operating 
a  saloon  in  Republic  while  Air.  Winker  super- 
vises the  brewery. 

In  April,  1898,  ]\Ir.  Winker  married  Aliss 
Louise  Collins,  whose  parents  were  born  in  Ken- 
tucky. She  also  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  was 
one  of  a  family  of  three  children. 

In  political  matters,  Mr.  Winker  is  liberal 
and  bound  by  no  party  affiliations.  Fraternally, 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  Eagles,  while 
his  wife  belongs  to  the  Rebekahs. 


MANni  DESAUTEL  is  one  of  the  earli- 
est settlers  in  the  territory  now  occupied  by 
Ferry  county,  and  since  those  days  of  pioneer- 
ing has  labored  constantly  here  in  the  good  work 
of  building  up  the  country  and  bringing  in  civ- 
ilization's benefits.  At  the  present  time  ^Mr. 
Deasutel  is  handling  an  estate  of  seven  hundred 
and  twenty  acres,  one  hundred  acres  producing 
timothy  and  grain  and  the  balance  used  for  pas- 
ture. 

He  was  born  in  Colville,  Washington,  on 
February  13,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Julia  (LeFleur)  Desautel,  natives  "of  Canada 
and  Washington,  respectively..  The  parents 
were  married  in  Colville  and'  lived  there  most 
all  their  lives.  For  fourteen  years,  however, 
they  were  at  Nespelem.  then  returned  to  Col- 
ville, and  in  1887  came  thence  to  Curlew,  where 
they  now  reside,  the  father  being  aged  seventy- 
nine  and  the  mother  sixty-five  years  of  age. 
They  were  the  parents  of  the  following  named 
children,  Maxim.  John,  Adolph.  Frank,  Felix, 
Matlida.  Rosa,  Olive.  Our  subject  was  raised 
on  the  frontier  and  consequently  had  no  oppor- 
tunity to  gain  an  education,  but  owing  to  his 
careful  observation  and  improvements  of  the 
opportunities  presented,  he  has  become  a  well- 
informed  man,  while  his  extensive  travels  and 
numerous  business  enterprises,  conducted  suc- 
cessfully, have  made  him  rich  in  valuable  ex- 
perience. At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  started 
out  in  life  for  himself,  his  first  work  being  farm- 
ing in   the  Big  Bend  countrv.      For   fourteen 


_\-ears  he  remained  there,  then  removed  to  Hun- 
ter creek,  in  Stevens  county,  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock  for  nine  years.  Then  he  sold  his 
property  and  settled  where  he  now  resides.  The 
country  was  new  and  there  were  no  settlers  near. 
He  had  to  haul  all  his  provisions  from  Mar- 
cus, a  distance  of  eighty  miles,  and  he  made 
two  trips  each  year.  He  did  considerable  hunt- 
ing and  the  wife  tanned  the  deer  skins  and 
make  buckskin  gloves,  shirts,  and  so  forth, 
which  they  sold  and  thus  made  a  Hving.  They 
soon  began  in  the  dairy  business  and  took  their 
butter  sixty  miles  to  market,  receiving  therefor 
sixty  cents  per  pound.  Mr.  Desautel  continued 
to  prosper  until  he  now  has  a  large  band  of 
stock,  the  excellent  estate  above  mentioned, 
which  is  well  improved  with  buildings  and  so 
forth,  besides  other  property. 

In  1874,  Mr.  Desautel  married  Miss  Louise, 
daughter  of  Bassl  and  Josette  (Finley)  Peone, 
natives  of  Colville  and  Montana,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  186^  and  the  mother  now 
lives  on  the  Spokane  reservation.  I^Irs.  De- 
sautel is  one  of  four  children,  William,  Lienor, 
Joseph  and  Louise.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Desautel, 
fourteen  children  have  been  born,  those  living 
being  named  as  follows :  Edward,  in  South 
Africa ;  Gilbert  and  Melvin  J.,  in  Ferry  county; 
William,  attending  the  government  school  at 
Fort  Spokane;  Nancy;  ^Maggie;  Dora;  Basil; 
Maxim,  and  Elinor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Desautel 
are  consistent  members  of  the  Catholic  church 
and  have  certainly  labored  in  a  commendable 
manner  since  residing  in  this  county  and  it  is 
gratifying  to  see  the  improvements  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  countrv. 


JUSTICE  A.  RUTHERFORD  has  a  fine 
quarter  section  of  land  near  Republic,  while  his 
family  has  considerable  more.  They  have  one 
hundred  acres  under  cultivation  and  raise  con- 
siderable hay. 

Justice  A.  Rutherford  was  born  in  New 
York  on  Alay  7,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Allan 
and  Jane  (Connell)  Rutherford,  natives  of  New 
York  and  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The  father  died 
when  our  subject  was  very  young.  The  mother 
accumulated  quite  a  nice  fortune  by  her  own 
efiforts.  They  were  the  parents  of  the  following 
named  children  :  Allan,  deceased  ;  Jane,  .\nnot, 
Allan,  Tames.  Hannah  and  Kate.     Tames  was  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


471 


representative  in  the  state  legislature  in  New 
Yurk  in  the  'fifties  and  died  about  1858.  He 
was  a  very  prominent  politician  in  the  state  and 
a  man  of  great  influence.  Our  subject  was  born 
in  New  York  City  on  Alay  7,  1852,  and  re- 
cei\'ed  a  fair  training-  in  the  city  schools.  x\t 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  beg-an  life  for  himself. 
His  first  venture  was  to  work  in  a  hotel  and  in 
1876  he  came  west  to  the  Black  Hills,  in  Da- 
kota, and  two  years  later  he  went  to  Leadville 
and  thence  to  Old  Mexico,  where  he  operated 
a  hotel.  In  1883  we  hnd  him  in  California, 
and  in  1891  conducting  a  hotel  in  Montana.  In 
1S96  he  was  at  Fort  Steal,  British  Columbia,  in 
the  hotel  business,  then  he  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country.  Afterwards  he  journeyed  to 
Seattle,  then  to  Alaska  in  1897.  One  year  later 
he  came  to  Republic,  and  since  that  time  has 
made  his  home  here. 

In  1879  Mr.  Rutherford  married  Miss 
Luella  Wilder  and  to  them  two  children  were 
born,  both  of  whom  are  deceased.  Airs.  Ruth- 
erford died  in  18S8.  In  1899  Mr.  Rutherford 
married  Airs.  Rosa  LeFleur,  daughter  of  Jo- 
seph Desautel.  By  her  first  husband,  Mrs.  Ruth- 
erford has  three  children,  Odell,  Alichael  and 
Myrtle. 

Politically,  Mr.  Rutherford  is  an  active  re- 
publican and  is  greatly  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  his  party.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Episcopal 
church. 


JOHN  STACK,  a  sterling  and  capable 
business  man  of  Republic,  is  also  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  that  town,  and  is  known  as  a  moving 
spirit  in  the  development  of  Ferry  county.  In 
1898  he  was  appointed  the  first  postmaster  of 
Republic  and  has  held  that  position  continuously 
since,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all  the  patrons 
of  the  office.  When  first  coming  to  Republic, 
Mr.  Stack  opened  a  merchandise  establishment, 
and  has  since  increased  his  business  until  he  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  and  retail  mer- 
chants in  the  county,  handling  a  very  complete 
stock  of  general  merchandise  and  supplies. 

John  Stack  was  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  on 
May  21,  1859,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary 
(Maroney)  Stack,  natives  of  county  Clair,  Ire- 
land, who  immigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
185 1.  They  landed  at  New  Orleans,  which 
was  their  home  for  five  years  previous  to  their 


moving  to  Dubuc^ue,  Iowa.  They  remained 
there  until  1865,  when  the  father  died,  leaving 
a  widow  and  three  children.  The  children  are 
named  as  follows:  Alary,  wife  of  Patsey 
Clark,  in  Spokane ;  Ellen,  wife  of  John  Bresna- 
han;  and  John,  the  subject  of  this  article.  In 
1866,  the  mother  moved  to  Alontana,  and  our 
subject  there  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  after  which  he  assisted  his  mother 
in  operating  a  boarding  house  for  many  years. 
They  moved  to  different  places  and  finally  in 
1887,  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and 
then  to  Rossland  in  1895,  opening  a  hotel, 
which  he  has  kept  since  first  commencing  with 
his  mother.  In  1897,  Air.  Stack  came  into  the 
camp  of  Republic  and  started  a  supply  store  in 
a  tent.  In  addition  to  a  thriving  mercantile 
business,  he  now  owns  and  operates  consider- 
able mining  property  in  the  reservation  country, 
and  some  real  estate  in  Republic.  Air.  Stack 
has  organized  the  Stack  Supply  Company  of 
which  he  is  president  and  manager. 

In  1894,  Air.  Stack  married  Aliss  Ella  Hur- 
ley, a  native  of  New  Albin,  Iowa,  whose  par- 
ents were  born  in  Ireland,  To  Air.  and  Airs. 
Stack,  three  children  have  been  born,  Alarie, 
Ella,  and  John. 

In  political  matters.  Air.  Stack  is  a  good  ac- 
tive Republican,  a;:d  has  held  various  offices, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  commissioner 
of  Shoshone  county,  Idaho,  and  school  director 
at  Burke,  Idaho,  and  others. 

Air.  Stack  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  of  the  Catholic  church.  He  is  a  man  of 
good  standing,  and  has  won  distinction  for  him- 
self in  the  business  world. 


HENRY  WAISAIAN  is  the  head  salesman 
for  the  Stack  Supply  Company,  of  Republic, 
which  position  he  has  held  for  some  time.  He 
is  a  keen,  substantial,  business  man,  and  is 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  men  in  Ferry 
county, 

Henry  W^aisman  was  born  in  Knoxville, 
Tennessee,  on  Alarch  17,  1S57.  being  the  son 
of  James  A,  and  Elizabeth  (Hollingsworth) 
Waisman,  natives  of  Virginia.  They  settled  in 
Knoxville  in  early  days,  and  remained  there 
until  the  time  of  their  death,  the  father 
passing  away  in  1870,  and  the  mother 
in    1872.     They  were    the    parents    of  three 


472 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


children,  \\'illiam,  Henry,  and  Elizabeth. 
Onr  subject  received  a  good  common- 
school  education  in  Knoxville.  and  at 
the  age  of  thirteen,  began  work  for  himself  in 
railroad  construction.  Four  years  later,  he 
came  to  Helena,  Montana,  and  in  1S77  went 
into  the  merchandise  business,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued for  three  years.  After  this,  he  was  vari- 
ously employed  with  large  companies  in  differ- 
ent capacities  until  1898,  when  he  came  to  Ferry 
county,  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Stack 
Supply  Company.  When  Ferry  county  was  or- 
ganized, he  was  elected  first  sheriff,  and  after  a 
successful  term  of  two  years,  again  associated 
himself  with  the  Stack  Supply  Company,  where 
we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Waisman 
has  some  propert  in  Republic,  besides  consid- 
erable mining  property  in  various  sections  of 
the  country. 

In  1884.  yir.  Waisman  married  Miss  Jen- 
nie, daughter  of  P.  and  Margaret  (Ouingley) 
Holland,  natives  of  Ireland,  who  came  to  Amer- 
ica and  located  in  Michigan  in  early  days.  They 
were  the  parents  of  seven  children.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Waisman,  three  children  have  been 
born,  Ethel,  IMabel,  and  Winnie.  Mr.  Wais- 
man is  a  Democrat,  and  very  active  in  his  party. 
He  has  held  various  offices  besides  that  of  sher- 
iff, and  has  always  been  a  popular  and  progres- 
sive man.  Mr.  Waisman  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  one  of  the  substantial 
pioneers  of  the  now  thriving  town  of  Republic. 


LESTER  SLY.  The  commercial  interests 
of  Republic  have  been  well  looked  after  during 
the  years  of  her  existence  and  among  the  lead- 
ing merchants  of  Ferry  county  today,  stands  the 
subject  of  this  article.  He  also  has  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  one  of  the  pioneer  merchants 
of  this  part  of  the  country. 

Lester  Sly  was  born  in  Belleplaine,  Scott 
county,  Minnesota,  on  April  26,  1869.  being 
the  son  of  J.  B.  and  Ann  E.  (Russell)  Sly.  na- 
tives of  Xew  York  and  Pennsylvania,  respect- 
ively. They  settled  in  Minnesota  in  185 1, 
where  the  father  died,  aged  sixty-four  years,  in 
1892.  The  mother  then  came  west  to  Wash- 
ington, where  she  now  resides  with  her  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  N.  R.  Robin.son.  She  is  the  mother 
of  six  children,  Lester,  Samuel  E..  Carolina  L., 
Josephine,  James  F.  and  Charles  E.     Our  sub- 


ject received  a  good  education  in  Belleplaine, 
and  when  fourteen  years  of  age  began  working 
for  himself.  He  was  at  home  at  intervals  until 
1886,  when  he  came  to  Spokane,  and  after  a 
short  time  spent  there  in  the  employ  of  Brooke 
and  Davies,  went  on  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  coun- 
try and  was  time  keeper  and  bookkeeper 
for   the   narrow   gauge   road,   constructed   by 

D.  C.  Corbin,  this  being  the  first  railroad 
in  that  country.  Later,  he  went  to  the 
Colville  valley  and  engaged  in  the  Young 
American  mine  at  Bossburg.  Later,  he  went  to 
Okanogan  county  and  in  1887  started  prospect- 
ing, which  he  followed  until  1895,  when  he  went 
to  Slocan,  British  Columbia,  and  engaged  as 
clerk  in  the  Slocan  Store  Company.  He  con- 
tinned  in  that  capacity  for  two  years,  when  he 
returned  to  Okanogan  county,  and  finally  set- 
tled in  the  Curlew  valley  in  1897.  having 
brought  with  him  a  large  load  of  general  mer- 
chandise. He  entered  into  partnership  with 
Charles  Hermann. at  Conconully.  They  were 
about  the  first  to  establish  themselves  as  mer- 
chants in  this  valley,  and  have  continued  in  the 
merchandise  business,  increasing  their  stock  un- 
til at  the  present  time  they  are  among  the  lead- 
ing merchants  of  north  Washington.  Mr.  Sly 
has  various  other  property,  such  as  a  town  resi- 
dence, and  mining  and  farming  interests.  He 
has  a  valuable  quarter  section  partly  in  the  city 
of  Republic. 

On  June  8,  1898,  Mr.  Sly  married  Hannah 

E.  Neilson,  a  native  of  Norway.  Her  father 
is  dead  and  her  mother  now  lives  at  Christiana, 
Norway.  Mrs.  Sly  is  one  of  four  children,  P. 
M.,  Siegel,  Elsa,  and  Hannah.  To  Mr,  and 
Mrs.  Sly  two  children  have  been  born,  Gordon, 
April  8.  1899,  and  Helen.  December  7,  1901. 
Mr.  Sly,  who  is  a  good  active  Republican,  was 
a  member  of  the  board  of  county  commission- 
ers, and  has  been  very  active  in  building  up  the 
town  and  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Ferry  Lodge  No.  iii,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the 
Eastern  Star,  the  I,  O.  O.  F.,  the  W.  W.,  and 
the  M.  W.  .\.  Mrs.  Sly  belongs  to  the  Eastern 
Star,  the  Rebekahs.  and  the  Methodist  church. 


\MLLIAM  C.  OTTO  has  the  distinction 
of  having  opened  the  first  general  merchandise 
store  in  the  now  thriving  town  of  Republic. 
Since  those  earlv  davs  he  has  been  an  active 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


473 


business  man  of  the  town,  and  is  today  of  excel- 
lent standing  in  the  community. 

William  C.  Otto  was  born  in  Ypsilanti, 
Michigan,  on  November  21,  1862,  being  the 
son  of  Casper  and  jNIary  Otto,  natives  of  Ger- 
many and  immigrants  to  America  in  the  fifties, 
when  they  settled  in  }ilichigan.  The  mother 
died  in  1863  and  the  father  in  1892.  They 
were  the  parents  of  four  children,  Fred.  Annie 
McClellan,  William  C.  and  Frank.  The  fa- 
ther was  a  prominent  farmer,  whose  family  had 
high  and  influential  connections.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  Ypsilanti.  Detroit,  and  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  receiving  excellent  training  and 
being  well  fortified  for  the  battles  of  life.  The 
first  four  years  after  he  stepped  forth  from  the 
parental  roof  were  spent  in  managing  a  hotel 
at  Grand  Forks,  Dakota.  In  1888.  he  came  to 
Washington  and  opened  a  store  at  Closes  Cross- 
ing, Douglas  county,  where  he  did  business  for 
two  years.  Later,  he  remo\-ed  to  Almira.  Lin- 
coln county,  and  in  1896  came  on  to  Republic. 
In  the  spring,  in  company  with  J.  C.  Keller,  as 
stated  above,  he  opened  the  first  general  mer- 
chandise store  here.  He  continued  in  this  con- 
nection until  1899  when  the  partnership  was 
dissolved.  ^Ir.  Otto  is  now  associated  in  the 
general  merchandise  business  with  Mr.  Lester 
Sly,  who  is  named  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
This  firm  has  continued  in  business  since  and 
now  handles  a  fine  patronage.  Their  store  is 
well  supplied  with  a  large  assortment  of  goods, 
and  they  are  the  leading  merchants  in  this  part 
of  the  countr}-.  Mr.  Otto  has  collected  prop- 
erty in  additiiin  to  his  merchandise  establish- 
ment, owning  city,  mining  and  farm  land. 

In  1885,  Mr.  Otto  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Stelzer,  and  a  na- 
tive of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  To  this  union,  one 
child,  Mabel  was  born,  who  is  now  being  edu- 
cated in  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  On  December 
29,  1887,  at  Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota,  Mr. 
Otto  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife. 
On  February  9,  1903,  in  Bayard,  Iowa,  Mr. 
Otto  married  ]\Irs.  Carrie  Hafner,  the  widow  of 
A\'alter  Hafner  and  daughter  of  J.  T.  and  Jane 
(Silcox)  Perkins,  natives  of  Massachusetts. 
The  parents  removed  from  the  Bay  State  to 
New  York  and  in  1886  to  Iowa,  where  they  now 
live  at  a  good  old  age.  They  both  have  connec- 
tions with  prominent  families  of  Revolutionary 
days.  ]Mrs.  Otto's  grandfather,  Timothy  Per- 
kins, enlisted  with  the  early  patriots  in  Febru- 


ary, 1776,  being  a  volunteer  from  Massachu- 
setts, Mr.  Otto  is  a  liberal  democrat,  and  has 
held  various  offices  since  residing  in  Republic, 
and  fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  the  K.  of  P.,  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the  Eagles. 
Mrs.  Otto  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs,  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  of  the  Roval  Neighbors. 


JOHN  E.  RITTER  is  now  treasurer  of 
Ferry  county.  He  was  first  appointed  in  1901 
to  fill  an  unexpired  term  in  this  office,  and  the 
following  year  was  elected  to  continue  in  the 
same  office.  Previous  to  this  he  had  been  treas- 
urer of  Republic,  and  had  also  served  a  term  as 
commissioner  in  that  county.  He  is  a  first 
class  officer  and  has  given  satisfaction. 

John  E.  Ritter  was  born  in  Illinois  on  No- 
vember 4,  1866,  being  the  son  of  J.  H.  and 
Alice  Ritter,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Illi- 
nois, respectively.  As  the  parents  of  our  sub- 
ject died  when  he  was  four  years  of  age,  he  was 
taken  to  the  home  of  J.  Bottorfif.  where  he  re- 
mained until  sixteen.  He  had  one  brother, 
Jerry  H..  w"ho  is  deceased,  and  two  sisters, 
Alice,  wife  of  John  Flynn,,  of  Ashland,  Illinois, 
and  Susie  M..  married  to  Kirt  White,  of 
Petersburg,  Illinois.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  Adams  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  began  to  learn 
telegraphy.  As  soon  as  proficient,  he  took  a 
position  on  the  Texas  Pacific  railroad  as  oper- 
ator, and  later  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  in  Missouri.  In  1889,  he  came 
to  Sprague,  Washington,  and  operated  there 
and  at  Cheney,  until  the  time  of  the  extension 
of  the  Washington  Central  railroad,  when  he 
took  a  position  at  Wilbur  in  1893,  remaining 
in  the  same  until  1898.  In  that  year.  Mr.  Rit- 
ter came  to  Ferry  county  and  associated  himself 
with  J.  C.  Keller  in  merchandising.  Soon  after 
he  was  located  as  stated  above,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  in  public  office.  ^Ir.  Ritter  has 
accumulated  some  excellent  property,  including 
lands  and  buildings  in  Republic,  mining  prop- 
erty, and  other  real  estate.  He  has  a  comfort- 
able residence,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of 
the  county. 

In  1896.  J\lr.  Ritter  married  Miss  Myrtle, 
daughter  of  H.  D.  and  Julia  Hall,  natives  of 
Connecticut  and  ^Missouri,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Ritter  was  born  in  Greenfield,  Missouri.     She 


474 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


has  one  brother,  Edward  C,  a  kmiber  merchant 
at  Aurora.  [Missouri.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ritter. 
two  children  have  been  born.  June  E.  and  J. 
Edward. 

Mr.  Ritter  has  ahvays  been  active  in  poh- 
tical  matters,  being  alhed  with  the  Democratic 
party.  FraternaUy,  he  is  atShated  with  Ferry 
Lodge  Xo.  Ill,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  Eastern 
Star,  and  the  W.  W.,  while  his  wife  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Eastern  Star. 

Mrs.  Ritter  is  an  accomplished  musician  and 
has  done  excellent  work  as  instructor  in  this 
art.  Their  home  is  a  center  of  refinement, 
where  Mrs.  Ritter  presides  with  gracious  hos- 
pitality. 


HOX.  TAMES  T.  JOHXSOX  is  a  leading 
attorney  of  Ferry  county,  and  has  manifested, 
during  his  residence  here,  a  marked  spirit  of 
uprightness  and  ability,  both  in  his  labors  in  a 
public  capacity  and  in  his  profession.  In  po- 
litical matters,  in  which  he  has  always  taken  an 
active  interest,  he  is  a  strong  Democrat.  In 
1900,  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature, 
running  against  James  P.  Harvey,  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  Republic  mine.  So  well  did 
!Mr.  Johnson  fulfil  the  expectations  of  his  con- 
stituents, that  in  1902,  he  was  re-elected.  Tun- 
ing against  J.  A.  Clay.  In  the  state  legislature, 
Mr.  Johnson  has  made  an  excellent  record,  and 
has  won  various  distinctions  for  himself,  being 
a  man  of  strong  individuality  and  keen  dis- 
crimination. 

James  T.  Johnson  w-as  born  in  Clearfield 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  July  24,  1867,  being 
the  son  of  ^^'illiam  Penn  and  Lydia  R.  (Bean) 
Johnson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Balti- 
more, ?ilaryland.  respectively.  The  mother 
died  when  our  subject  was  young,  but  the  fa- 
ther still  lives  in  Pennsylvania  where  he  former- 
ly was  occupied  as  a  millwright  and  in  the 
lumber  business.  He  is  now  living  in  retire- 
ment with  his  daughter.  Our  subject  has  one 
sister.  Frances  L..  wife  of  David  H.  W^atts,  in 
the  old  home  county.  During  his  boyhood  days 
Mr.  Johnson  settled  in  Clearfield  county,  then 
went  to  Louisiana,  later  to  Valparaiso.  Indiana, 
and  there  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  at  the 
Valparaiso  Educational  Institute,  and  also  took 
a  course  in  engineering.  Leaving  college  in 
1888.  he  went  to  Labula.  Clearfield  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and    took    up    school    teaching. 


Later,  he  spent  two  and  one-half  years  in  the 
law  oftice  of  Orvis  &  Snyder,  the  leading  law- 
yers of  central  Pennsylvania,  then  studied  one 
year  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
April,  1S91.  ]\Ir.  Johnson  opened  an  oftice  in 
Roanoke,  \'irginia,  and  gave  himself  to  the 
practice  of  law  there  until  Alarch,  1899,  when 
he  was  advised,  on  account  of  failing  health,  to 
seek  a  more  salubrious  climate.  He  located  in 
Republic  and  on  April  13,  1899,  opened  a  law 
oftice.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged 
j  in  following  his  profession,  dealing  with  mining 
I  enterprises  and  fulfilling  his  responsibilities  in 
public  capacities. 

^Ir.  Johnson  is  a  n:ember  of  Ferry  Lodge 

I  Xo.  Ill,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  Eastern  Star,  and 

the  I.  O.  O.  F.     In  religious  matters  he  was 

brought  up  a  Quaker,  but  is  not  now  a  member 

of  anv  denomination. 


THOMAS  F.  BARRETT,  who  is  at  pres- 
ent the  capable  and  genial  auditor  of  Ferry 
county,  was  born  in  Detroit,  ^lichigan,  on  Sep- 
tember 18,  1867,  the  son  of  Richard  and  Cath- 
erine (Cavanaugh)  Barrett,  natives  of  Ireland 
and  Canada,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
Canada  from  his  native  country  when  young, 
and  later  moved  with  his  family  to  Michigan, 
where  he  remained  for  six  years.  After  that, 
he  returned  to  Canada  and  died  in  1900.  The 
mother  died  in  1899.  Our  subject  has  one 
brother,  James,  in  Michigan.  Thomas  F.  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  in  Michigan  and 
Canada,  and  then  took  a  course  in  the  Bryant- 
Stratton  College.  After  graduating  in  1885.  he 
did  bookkeeping  in  Canada,  and  then  was  a 
traveling  salesman  for  five  years.  After  this, 
^Ir.  Barrett  went  to  Colorado  in  1892,  and  fol- 
lowed bookkeeping  for  si.x  years.  Subsequent 
to  that  he  went  on  a  visit  to  ?klichigan  and  Can- 
ada, and  in  1899,  came  to  Republic.  He  had 
relatives  in  this  section  who  were  engaged  in 
mining,  which  led  him  to  take  up  the  same  oc- 
cupation. He  took  a  farm  when  the  reserva- 
tion opened,  and  also  engaged  in  bookkeeping. 
In  politics  Mr.  Barrett  is  an  active  Demo- 
crat. In  the  campaign  in  1902.  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  auditor  against  A.  S.  Soule.  Republi- 
can, and  elected  by  a  large  majority.  He  has 
j  given  entire  satisfaction  in  this  office,  and  is  a 
man  well  esteemed.  Mr.  Barrett  is  a  member 
of  the  Catholic  church. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


475 


SHERE  H.  ^lANLEY,  ^I.  D.,  came  to 
Republic  in  1898,  and  he  is,  beyond  doubt,  the 
most  prominent  physician  in  Ferry  county.  He 
was  born  on  a  farm  near  Norwalk,  Ohio,  on 
]March  10,  1847,  ^"d  is  the  son  of  John  A.  and 
EHza  (La  Barre)  ]\Ianiey,  natives  of  Vermont 
and  New  York,  respectively.  The  parents  lived 
twenty-five  years  in  Ohio  and  fifteen  in  Kent 
county,  ^Michigan.  In  the  latter  place  the  fa- 
ther died  in  1869.  The  mother  is  still  living 
with  her  sons  in  Grand  Forks,  British  Colum- 
bia. She  has  reached  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-se\-en,  but  enjoys  good  health.  Dr. 
Manley  is  the  oldest  of  seven  children,  the 
others  being.  John,  deceased  :  John  A.,  formerly 
the  promoter  of  the  Kettle  Falls  railroad  in 
Ferry  county,  but  now  residing  in  Chicago ;  J. 
L. ;  W.  K.  C. ;  Eliza  A.,  deceased:  and  Lloyd 
A.,  who  is  a  banker  in  Grand  Forks. 

Dr.  IManley  received  a  liberal  English  edu- 
cation and  then  in  1870  matriculated  at  the 
Keokuk  ^ledical  College  in  Iowa,  from  which 
he  received  his  diploma  in  1873.  Since  that 
time  he  has  continuously  practiced  medicine  and 
has  taken  several  post-graduate  courses,  one 
being  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  Chicago,  from  which  institution  he 
holds  excellent  diplomas  dated  1893.  The 
doctor  has  devoted  the  undivided  and  assiduous 
etforts  of  many  years  to  the  study  and  practice 
of  his  profession  with  the  natural  result  that  he 
has  acquired  a  thorough  and  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  the  science.  He  has  not,  however,  al- 
lowed his  devotion  to  his  profession  to  cause 
him  to  neglect  his  duties  as  a  citizen  but  has  al- 
ways taken  an  enthusiastic  interest  in  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day.  His  ability  as  a  practitioner 
has  always  been  rewarded  with  a  lucrative  prac- 
tice and  he  has  left  indelible  proofs  of  his  labors 
for  good  in  every  community  where  he  has 
been.  In  1875,  ^e  was  chosen  mayor  of  Fre- 
mont, Michigan,  and  served  with  acceptability 
to  the  people  in  that  and  other  offices.  After 
coming  west,  the  doctor  was  soon  chosen  as  rep- 
resentative from  Whatcom  to  the  legislature, 
the  year  being  1884.  The  next  year  he  came 
east  of  the  Cascades  and  located  at  Colville. 
He  was  received  as  becomes  a  man  of  ability 
and  soon  was  chosen  coroner  of  the  county  of 
Stevens.  His  practice  grew  to  large  propor- 
tions, and  he  was  prominent  in  politics  and 
mining  circles  as  well.  His  greatest  service  to 
tlie  state  was  dnubtless  when  he  labored  in  the 


state  constitutional  convention  as  a  representa- 
ti\-e  from  Stevens  and  a  part  of  Spokane  coun- 
ties. This  convention  framed  the  constitution 
for  the  state  to  come. 

Since  coming  to  Republic,  he  has  been  a 
leading  spirit  in  the  de\'elopment  and  upbuild- 
ing of  this  section.  He  is  county  physician, 
coroner,  and  president  of  the  board  of  health 
of  Republic.  He  has  been  appointed  local  sur- 
geon for  the  Great  Northern,  and  is  United 
States  pension  examiner.  He  has  equipped  the 
]\Ianley  hospital  and  has  always  been  a  firm  be- 
liever in  Republic  and  her  mining  industries  and 
resources.  He  has  large  mining  and  other 
property  interests  and  is  handling  the  largest 
medical  practice  in  the  county. 

In  1887,  Dr.  Manley  married  Miss  Florence 
Gotel,  the  daughter  of  James  Gotel,  one  of  the 
founders  of  Saginaw,  ^Michigan,  and  a  promin- 
ent business  man  and  social  leader  there.  He 
died  many  years  since.  Mrs.  Manley's  mother 
was,  before  her  marriage,  Miss  Marie  Tibbitts. 
She  is  now  dwelling  in  Colorado  Springs,  aged 
eighty-six.  Mrs.  ^lanley  had  two  sisters,  'Mrs. 
Ida  Cooper,  of  Colorado  Springs,  and  Allie.  de- 
ceased. To  Dr.  Manley  and  his  wife  eight  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  four  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy. The  others,  three  charming  daughters 
and  a  bright  son,  are  named  as  follows,  Flor- 
ence Alene,  Ida  Cooper,  Bessie  Beryl,  and  John 
Everett. 

Dr.  Manley  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and  fra- 
ternally is  affiliated  with  the  Masons,  in  the 
Royal  Arch  degree,  and  the  K.  of  P.  He  also 
belongs  to  the  State  ^Medical  Society.  The 
family  attend  the  Episcopal  church. 


JOHN  A.  DODSON  is  one  of  the  younger 
business  men  of  Republic,  and  has  shown  him- 
self genial,  upright,  and  obliging,  and  is  of 
good  standing-  in  the  community.  He  was  born 
in  Sedg\vick  county,  Kansas,  on  March  6,  1876, 
being  the  son  of  Charles  F.  and  Elizabeth  (Fry) 
Dodson,  natives  of  the  Shenandoah  valley,  Vir- 
ginia, who  came  to  Kansas  in  early  days  and 
now  reside  in  Sedgwick  City.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  seven  children,  William,  Thomas  R., 
Edward  I.,  Ella  E.,  John  A.,  Cora,  and  Bertha 
^I.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
place,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  started  in  life 
for  himself.     After  working  two  vears  on  a 


476 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


farm,  he  went  to  Grand  Rapids,  Minnesota,  and 
there  learned  the  barber  business  in  the  employ 
of  his  brother  Thomas  R.  In  1896,  he  came  to 
British  Columbia,  and  worked  at  his  trade  for 
two  years,  then  he  came  down  to  Republic  and 
opened  an  establishment,  which  he  has  operated 
since  that  time.  Mr.  Dodson  owns  a  comfort- 
able residence,  his  shop,  and  other  town  prop- 
erty. He  does  a  good  business,  and  has  pros- 
pered since  coming  to  Republic. 

On  September  20,  1900,  Mr.  Dodson  mar- 
ried i\Iiss  Lulu  M.  D.,  daughter  of  George  and 
Sarah  (Prouty)  Staves,  natives  of  Iowa.  The 
father  has  lived  in  nearly  all  the  western  states, 
and  was  in  Stevens  county  in  the  'sixties,  re- 
turning again  to  the  east.  In  1890,  he  came  to 
Stevens  county  again,  and  is  now  living  just 
east  of  Colville.  Mrs.  Dodson  has  three  sisters, 
Grace  O.,  Lillian  E.,  and  Nora  F.  The  an- 
cestors of  our  subject  and  his  wife  are  promi- 
nent and  well-to-do  people.  Politically,  Mr. 
Dodson  is  liberal,  and  fraternally,  he  is  affiliated 
with  the  Eagles. 


WILLIAM  COMPTON  BROWN.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Minnesota, 
in  which  state  he  always  lived  until  coming  to 
the  Pacific  coast  in  1897.  The  city  of  Roches- 
ter, in  Olmsted  county,  is  the  place  of  his  birth, 
and  the  date  thereof  February  15,  1869,  at 
which  place  his  parents  have  resided  many 
years,  and  he  is  their  only  surviving  son.  His 
father,  who  also  bears  the  given  name  of  Will- 
iam, is  a  Canadian  by  birth,  of  Scotch  parent- 
age. Together  with  our  subject's  mother,  he 
is  spending  the  autumn  of  life  at  their  home  in 
Rochester,  Alinnesota. 

Our  subject  grew  up  to  early  manhood  in 
the  city  and  county  of  his  birth  and  received  his 
education  entirely  at  the  public  schools  thereof, 
with  the  exception  of  a  short  course  in  a  local 
business  college  and  part  of  one  year  spent  at 
school  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  eight- 
een he  began  the  study  of  law.  and  pursued  his 
studies  in  various  law  offices  in  his  native  city 
during  the  next  two  ensuing  years,  devoting, 
however,  the  greater  portion  of  his  time  during 
the  same  period  to  newspaper  reporting  and 
corresponding,  for  which  he  had  a  natural  lik- 
ing, and  at  times  was  undecided  whether  to  fit 
himself  for  the  profession  of  law  or  for  that 


of  journalism.  He  finally  made  his  choice  for 
the  former,  entered  the  law  college  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota  at  Minneapolis  and  grad- 
uated therefrom  in  I\Iay,  1891.  Lnmediately 
upon  receiving  his  degree  from  that  institution 
and  being  admitted  thereon  to  the  bar  of  the 
state,  he  went  to  Stephen,  in  Marshall  county, 
Minnesota,  and  opened  a  law  office  at  that  place 
in  June,  1891,  and  practiced  there  during  the 
subsequent  six  years.  Shortly  after  locating  at 
Stephen,  he  became  associated  in  business  at 
that  place  with  Greeley  E.  Carr.  which  law 
partnership,  under  the'  firm  name  of  Brown  & 
Carr,  continued  until  Mr.  Brown  departed  from 
the  state  in  1897,  and  the  firm  enjoyed  a  large 
and  lucrative  law  business  in  that  section 
throughout  the  term  of  its  existence.  Our  sub- 
ject was  elected  county  attorney  of  ]\Iarshall 
county  in  1 892  and  served  two  successive  terms, 
which  extended  up  to  the  end  of  the  year  1896. 
In  1897  he  came  west  on  a  pleasure  trip,  visit- 
ing extensively  through  the  southwestern  states 
and  territories  and  in  Old  Mexico,  and  traveled 
throughout  the  Pacific  coast  states.  His  obser- 
vations during  this  tour  induced  him  to  decide 
to  change  his  location  and  upon  his  return  to 
Minnesota  he  discontinued  his  business  relations 
there,  but  before  settling  in  a  new  field  the  great 
rush  of  1897-98  to  the  Klondike  came  on  and 
Mr.  Brown,  tecoming  imbued  with  its  spirit, 
went  north  with  the  tide  of  that  famous  stam- 
pede, going  in  by  the  Skagway  route,  and  the 
year  1898  was  spent  in  Dawson  and  the  sur- 
rounding region  and  at  other  Yukon  river 
points.  Fortune  failed,  however,  to  favor  him 
in  the  far  north,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  he 
decided  to  return  to  the  states.  While  at  St. 
Michael's  on  the  way  out  he  heard  reports  of 
new  placer  discoveries  being  made  up  the 
coast.  These  in  fact  were  the  initial  strikes 
around  Cape  Nome,  but  as  the  reports  were 
vague  and  indefinite,  and,  as  unreliable  rumors 
of  new  finds  were  rife  everywhere  in  that  coun- 
try, he  took  steamer  for  Puget  Sound  without 
realizing  what  he  was  passing  by.  After  re- 
turning from  Alaska  he  first  spent  a  few  months 
in  Seattle  with  a  view  of  esta1)lishing  himself 
there,  but  upon  the  passage  of  the  bill  by  the 
state  legislature  creating  the  new  county  of 
Ferry  he  decided  to  locate  in  Republic,  which 
place  had  been  made  the  county  seat  of  the  new 
county  of  Ferry,  and  was  then  enjoying  a  great 
hiom  and  looked  upon  as  having  excellent  pros- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


477 


pects  of  speedily  becoming  one  of  the  greatest 
mining  towns  on  the  Pacific  slope.  He  opened 
a  law  office  in  Republic  in  March,  1899,  and 
has  been  carrying  on  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion there  at  all  times  since. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  April,  1901,  at 
Spokane,  \Vashington,  to  Miss  Sidney,  only 
daughter  of  Andrew  F.  Burleigh,  the  well- 
known  lawyer  and  politician,  who  a  few  years 
ago  was  a  man  of  great  influence  in  the  affairs 
of  this  state,  and  was  receiver  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railway  during  that  road's  financial  diffi- 
culties in  the  middle  'nineties,  and  who  is  now 
practicing"  law  in  New  York  city. 

Mr.  Brown  cast  his  first  vote  in  1892.  and 
prior  to  1896  was  an  upholder  of  Democratic 
principles,  but  declined  to  follow  that  party 
upon  the  new  alignment  of  issues  brought  about 
by  the  free  silver  campaign  of  1896,  and  since 
that  time  has  affiliated  with  the  Republicans 
and  has  now  for  a  number  of  years  been  prom- 
inent in  the  councils  of  that  party.  In  1900 
he  was  nominated  by  that  party  for  the 
office  of  prosecuting  attorney  of  Ferry 
county  but  was  defeated  at  the  polls,  to- 
gether with  all  the  rest  of  the  Repub- 
lican county  ticket,  save  one  candidate  alone, 
the  county  being  at  that  time  overwhelmingly 
Democratic.  In  1902  the  same  party  again 
placed  him  in  nomination  for  the  same  position 
and  he  was  elected  to  the  office  by  a  good  ma- 
jority and  is  the  present  incumbent  thereof. 
His  election  in  1902  speaks  very  well  for  him 
as  the  county  was  still  at  that  time  strictly 
Democratic. 

Mr.  Brown  is  rated  as  a  careful  and  upright 
lawyer  of  first-class  ability,  and  is  a  good  and 
useful  citizen,  ever  ready  with  his  efforts  and 
his  talents  to  assist  and  further  any  and  all 
enterprises  for  the  public  benefit  and  advance- 
ment. He  is  a  leading  man  in  this  section  and 
looked  upon  as  a  young  person  for  whom  the 
future  holds  bright  prospects. 


N.  J.  H.  FORTMAN,  a  civil  engineer  of 
considerable  experience  throughout  the  nordi- 
west  who  has  shown  himself  very  capable  in  his 
profession,  is  now  surveyor  of  Ferry  county. 
He  also  does  mining  engineering. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  on  Januarv  14, 
183S.    His  parents,  J.  C.  H.  and  A".  E.  (Deve- 


lyj  Fortman,  were  natives  of  Holland,  who 
came  to  America  and  located  in  New  York 
state,  where  they  remained  the  rest  of  their 
lives.  The  father  was  professor  of  languages 
and  they  were  the  parents  of  three  children, 
Nathaniel,  deceased,  N.  J.  H.,  and  Anna  Kuy- 
per.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  state  of 
New  York,  and  when  sixteen  entered  the  naval 
college.  After  his  graduation  from  this  insti- 
tution, he  went  to  sea  for  practical  experience, 
and  followed  this  for  a  number  of  years,  visit- 
ing nearly  every  part  of  the  globe.  In  1856, 
he  was  shipwrecked  on  the  south  coast  of  the 
Island  of  Java.  During  the  last  two  years  he 
served  at  sea,  he  was  an  officer.  In  1859,  Mr. 
Fortman  came  to  California  and  took  up  min- 
ing, and  one  year  later  we  find  him  on  Puget 
Sound.  There  being  very  little  work  in  civil 
engineering,  he  turned  his  attention  to  farming, 
which  occupied  him  until  1873.  For  six  years 
after,  he  was  very  active  in  pursuing  the  higher 
intricacies  of  civil  engineering,  fitting  himself 
for  every  kind  of  work.  For  a  number  of  years, 
he  was  surveyor  at  Port  Townsend,  and  later 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Puget  Sound  Iron 
Company  as  their  leading  agent  and  engineer. 
In  due  course  of  time,  Mr.  Fortman  took  up  real 
estate  business  and  dealt  in  land  during  the 
boom  days  at  Port  Townsend.  He  came  to 
where  Republic  now  stands,  but  before  the 
town  was  started,  and  here  he  has  remained 
snice.  He  has  done  a  great  deal  of  excellent 
work  throughout  the  county  and  the  adjoining 
country.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Fortman  is  a 
Democrat,  and  his  party  named  him  for  sur- 
veyor, and  he  won  the  day  against  Thomas  M. 
Hammond.  In  former  years,  Mr.  Fortman  has 
been  quite  active  in  political  matters  and  has 
served  in  many  official  positions.  Fraternally, 
he  is  connected  with  the  Red  ]Men. 


WILLIAM  B.  WAKEFIELD,  who  is  now 
living  in  Republic,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Okanogan  county  as  well  as  of  Republic.  He 
was  born  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  on  April  9, 
1847,  being  the  son  of  W.  C.  and  Jeannette 
(Smith)  Wakefield,  natives  of  Connecticut. 
They  lived  in  Litchfield  until  the  mother's  death 
in  1S60.  Eight  years  later,  the  father  came  to 
San  Francisco  county,  California,  and  is  now 
living:    in    Contra    Costa  »countv.    California. 


478 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  George, 
]\Iariah,  W.  B.,  who  is  our  subject,  Ira,  Robert, 
Louise,  Anna,  Gertrude,  and  Orin.  During  the 
Civil  war  the  father  of  our  subject  enlisted  in 
the  Thirteenth  Connecticut  Infantry  under  Gen- 
eral Butler  and  served  nine  months.  After  this, 
he  re-enlisted  in  Company  D,  Second  Cavalry, 
and  served  until  the  end  of  the  war.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and 
when  thirteen  began  to  assume  life's  responsi- 
bilities for  himself,  his  first  employment  being 
in  a  scythe  manufacturing  house.  For  three 
years  he  continued  in  this,  then  came  to  Cali- 
fornia with  his  father,  and  engaged  in  a  gov- 
ernment sur\-eying  party,  which  occupied  him 
for  about  four  years.  After  this,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  railroad  eng-ineering,  having  charge 
of  construction  work  on  the  California  Southern 
railroad.  He  followed  the  same  occupation  in 
Oregon,  and  finally  came  to  Seattle,  where  he 
was  baggage  master  for  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  and 
later  was  store  keeper  in  the  construction  de- 
partment of  the  N.  P.,  his  headquarters  being 
at  Green  River,  Washington.  After  this  we  see 
him  in  North  Yakima  in  a  store,  whence  he 
went  to  Clallam  and  opened  a  merchandise  es- 
tablishment for  himself,  having  Mr.  Tiliman  as 
partner.  A  year  later  he  sold  his  business  to  his 
partner,  and  came  to  Okanogan  county,  opening 
a  store  in  1888.  He  was  located  at  ConconuUy 
and  did  a  good  business  until  1894,  when  his 
shop  burned  down.  Then  he  started  a  livery 
business  there  and  conducted  a  stage  and  was 
occupied  in  this  line  until  two  years  ago.  He 
was  appointed  city  marshal  March  i,  1904,  by 
Ma_yor  Stewart.  Mr.  Wakefield  is  a  good  | 
stanch  Republican  and  in  fraternal  matters  is  \ 
a  member  of  the  K.  of  P. 


CHARLES  P.  BENNETT  is  city  attorney 
for  Republic,  in  addition  to  which  he  has  a  gen- 
eral practice  in  law,  well  merited  by  the  ability  1 
which  he  has  manifested  in  this  realm  for  many  I 
years  past.    He  is  a  man  of  deep  erudition,  hav-  j 
ing  been  well  fortified  Ijy  careful  and  painstak-  j 
ing  study  in  both  literary  and  local  lines.     He  1 
was  born  in  Sterling.  Pennsylvania,  on  Septem- 
ber 18,  1862.  being  the  son  of  John  P.  and  Mar- 
garet   (Madden)    Bennett,  natives  of  Wayne, 
Pennsylvania.    The  father  enlisted  in  the  Sixty- 
seventh  Volunteer  Infantry  at  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  and  served  to  the  end  of  tlie  conflict. 


His  death  occurred  in  1867,  from  an  illness  con- 
tracted during  his  service.  His  widow  still  re- 
sides at  Stroudsburg,  Pennsylvania.  To  this 
worthy  couple,  five  children  were  born,  J. 
Frank,  William,  Eugene  S.,  B.  L.,  Charles  P., 
the  subject  of  this  article.  The  paternal 
great-grandsire  of  our  subject  was  one  of  the 
very  first  to  settle  in  that  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
emigrating  from  Connecticut  with  others  in 
1777.  The  common  school  furnished  the  early 
educational  training  of  our  subject,  after  which 
he  attended  the  collegiate  institute  at  Fort  Ed- 
wards, New  York.  After  this  he  matriculated 
at  Cornell  University  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  and 
graduated  in  1889,  receiving  degree  of  LL.  B. 
Then  he  went  to  New  York  cit}-  and  took  a 
thorough  course  in  the  science  of  law  under 
Blair  &  Rudol,  of  New  York  city. 

Mr.  Bennett  located  in  Tacoma  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  the  state  of  Washington  in 
1890,  after  which  he  opened  a  law  oftice  and 
commenced  practice.  He  held  a  good  practice 
in  that  city  until  i^Iarch,  1899,  when  he  came  to 
Republic  and  opened  an  ofiice.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  very  active  in  his  profession  and  has 
been  favored  with  a  large  clientage.  Air.  Ben- 
nett is  a  Democrat,  and  takes  a  keen  interest  in 
politics.  In  1902  his  name  appeared  on  the 
independent  ticket  as  city  attorney  for  Repub- 
lic, and  he  gained  the  day  by  a  large  majority. 
In  this  capacity,  we  find  him  at  the  present  time. 
Air.  Bennett  is  a  man  possessed  of  a  high  sense 
of  honor,  and  has  shown  himself  a  master  in  his 
profession.  Fraternally,  he  is  afiiliated  with  the 
K.  of  P.  and  the  Easles. 


FRED  RAGSDALE.  Three  miles  north- 
west from  Republic,  lies  the  homestead  of  the 
subject  of  this  article,  which  was  taken  shortly 
before  the  reser\-ation  was  thrown  open  for 
agricultural  purposes.  In  addition  to  operating 
his  farm,  Mr.  Ragsdale  is  conducting  a  black- 
smith shop  at  the  Trade  Dollar  mine,  where  he 
has  worked  for  two  years.  He  is  a  man  of  good 
standing.  He  labors  industriously  for  his 
neighbors  and  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of 
the  county. 

Fred  Ragsdale  was  born  in  Jackson  county. 
Oregon,  on  December  12,  1866,  being  the  son 
of  W.  P.  and  Mary  (Eccleston)  Ragsdale. 
nati\es  of  Kentucky.     The  ]iarents  crossed  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


479 


plains  in  ver}'  early  days  to  Oregon.  Later,  in 
1873.  they  came  to  Whitman  county,  where  the 
family  home  was  for  twenty  }-ears.  After  this 
they  renio\ed  to  Stevens  county  and  the  home  is 
now  in  Fruitland.  The  mother  died  in  1900. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living,  \Villard  A.,  Fred,  our 
subject,  and  Emma  Bernard.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Palouse  country,  and 
when  fifteen  started  out  in  life  for  himself.  He 
learned  the  printer's  trade  at  Walla  Walla,  and 
after  spending-  two  years  in  this  occupation, 
came  to  Colville  in  188 1.  He  operated  there 
until  1900,  when  he  removed  to  Republic,  tak- 
ing a  homestead  as  stated  above,  and  also  oper- 
ated a  blacksmith  shop.  The  trade  of  black- 
smithing  he  had  learned  in  younger  days. 

In  1888  Air.  Ragsdale  married  Aliss  Sarah 
N.,  daughter  of  Richard  A.  and  Esther  (Mor- 
mon) Prouty,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Alichigan, 
respectively.  They  settled  in  Iowa  as  pioneers, 
and  in  1877  went  to  Missouri,  whence  one  year 
later  the}-  journeyed  to  Kansas.  After  that 
we  find  him  in  Fort  Custer,  Montana,  then  in 
Stillwater,  the  same  state.  In  1880  they  came 
to  Coh-ille,  vv'kere  the  father  died  in  1903.  The 
mother  is  still  living  and  resides  four  miles  east 
of  Coh'ille  on  the  old  homestead.  They  were 
the  parents  of  nine  children  named  as  follows : 
Nancv  J.,  Charles  H.,  George  F.,  James  A., 
Rachel  A.,  Mary  M.,  Sarah  N.,  Annie  AL, 
and  Jessie  B.  Of  the  former  marriage  the  fa- 
ther had  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  living, 
James  W.  and  Cecelia  Fallon.  To  Mr.  and 
i\Irs.  Ragsdale  three  children  have  been  born, 
Otto  A.,  Edna  and  Leo.  Mr.  Ragsdale  is  an 
enterprising  citizen  and  is  always  keenly  inter- 
ested in  the  various  questions  of  the  day,  both 
in  political  matters  and  others  that  pertain  to 
the  welfare  and  upbuilding  of  Ferry  county. 


BEX  F.  KECK  is  a  well  known  business 
man  in  northern  \\'ashington,  having  business 
interests  as  well  as  valuable  residence  and  busi- 
ness property  in  both  Okanogan  and  Ferry 
counties.  He  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  brick  in  partnership  with  Mr. 
Harry  Bird,  the  firm  being  Keck&Bird.  He  and 
Mr.  Mason  started  the  first  lirick  kiln  in  Ferry 
county,  which  he  has  kept  in  operation  ever 
since,  and  is  now  turning  out  a  large  number  of 
first-class  brick.  This  has  assisted  materiallv  in 


the  substantial  upbuilding- of  Republic,  where  the 
industry  is  located,  and  Air.  Keck  is  to  be 
commended  as  the  pioner  manufacturer  of  Re- 
public. 

Ben  F.  Keck  was  born  near  Alechanics- 
burg,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
November  10,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Margaret  Keck,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  1877,  the  family  located  in  Iowa,  where  the 
father  died  aged  fifty-three  years.  The  mother 
is  still  living  in  Odebolt,  Iowa.  Our  subject 
was  next  to  the  youngest  of  si.x  children,  named 
as  follows,  Charles  E.,  Albert  L.,  Martin  L., 
Elmer  E.,  B.  F.  and  Harry  E.  His  father 
served  throughout  the  Civil  war  as  First  Lieu- 
tenant, being  a  volunteer  from  Pennsylvania. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  common  school 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  went 
to  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota.  That  was  in 
1882,  and  from  then  until  1889,  he  was  engaged 
in  freighting  and  various  other  business.  He 
then  went  to  Seattle  and  started  in  the  retail 
liqtior  business.  Two  years  later  he  came  to 
Okanogan  county,  establishing  himself  in  the 
same  line,  and  finally  changed  his  place  of  busi- 
ness to  Loomis.  It  was  in  February,  1889,  that 
Air.  Keck  came  to  Republic  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  L.  H.  Alason.  They  started  a 
brick  kiln,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Keck  has 
given  his  attention  to  its  successful  operation. 
He  owns  two  blocks  in  the  heart  of  Republic, 
besides  residence  property  and  various  interests 
in  other  parts  of  the  state. 

Politically,  he  is  an  active  Democrat,  has 
served  on  the  school  board,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  councilmen  of  Republic.  Air.  Keck  is  a 
member  of  the  Red  Alen  and  of  the  Spokane 
Eagles. 


GIDEON  J.  TOAIPKINS  is  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  Republic,  being  at  the 
head  of  a  blacksmith  business  and  a  large 
agricultural  house.  He  was  born  in  Kempt- 
ville,  Ontario,  on  February  20,  1859.  the  son 
of  Dennis  and  Ann  J.  (Carson)  Tompkins, 
natives  of  Canada.  The  parents  had  a  family 
of  thirteen  children,  and  remained  in  Canada 
until  the  time  of  their  death.  The  father  was 
a  general  contractor  and  farmer.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  his  native  place,  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen,  came  to  the  L^nited  States, 
and  located  in  Ogdensburg,  where  he  learned 


48o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  blacksmith  trade.  After  following  the 
same  for  three  years,  he  came  west  to  ISIinnea- 
polis,  Minnesota,  and  about  1879  came  on  to 
Montana,  where  he  engaged  as  horse  shoer  for 
a  stage  company,  operating  from  Boseman  to 
Miles  City,  a  distance  of  three  hundred  and 
thirty-five  miles,  until  1882  when  he  came  to 
Yellowstone  Park.  Later,  we  see  him  in  Minn- 
eapolis, and  in  1888  he  left  that  state  and  set- 
tled at  Pony,  Montana.  He  still  continued  at 
his  trade,  and  two  years  later  came  on  to  the 
coast.  In  1 89 1  we  find  him  on  the  Market 
street  cable  car  line  in  San  Francisco,  and  in 
1893  he  took  a  trip  to  the  World's  Fair.  From 
there  he  journeyed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and 
for  three  years  was  in  the  fruit  business  in  that 
state.  Next  we  see  him  mining  in  Colorado, 
after  which  he  came  on  to  Spokane,  and  in 
1898  settled  in  Republic.  He  at, once  opened  a 
blacksmith  shop  and  in  thirty  days  after  the 
reservation  opened,  he  had  ordered  a  carload 
of  machinery.  He  sold  the  first  mower,  the 
first  binder,  the  first  threshing  machine,  the 
first  wagon,  and  the  first  fanning"  mill  in  Ferry 
county.  From  that  time  until  the  present,  Mr. 
Tompkins  has  pressed  his  business  with  energy 
and  handled  it  with  wisdom,  and  during  the 
season  of  1903,  he  disposed  of  over  five  car- 
loads of  machinery. 

Politically,  he  is  a  strong  Republican,  and 
has  served  for  two  years  as  president  of  the 
McKinley  Club.  For  two  years,  Mr.  Tompkins 
was  councilman  of  Republic,  and  he  has  always 
been  a  prominent  and  influential  citizen. 

In  1890  Mr.  Tompkins  married  Marguerite 
Baker,  a  native  of  Dayton,  Washington.  Her 
parents  crossed  the  plains  in  1847.  Mr.  Tomp- 
kins is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Eastern  Star,  and  the  Rebekahs. 
His  wife  also  belongs  to  the  last  two  orders. 
He  is  W.  M.  of  the  first  order. 


JOHN  M.  BEWLEY  is  a  pioneer,  not  only 
of  Ferry  county  but  also  of  Stevens  county 
when  the  first  named  division  was  a  part  of 
Stevens  county.  He  is  well  and  favorably 
known  in  Republic,  where  he  makes  his  home 
at  the  present  time,  and  has  a  wide  acquaint- 
ance in  Oregon. 

John  M.  Bewley  was  Ijorn  in  Cass  county, 
Missouri,  on  Januarv  10,  184^.  the  son  of  John 


W.  and  Ivatherine  B.  (Ellis)  Bewley,  natives  of 
Indiana  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  In  1847 
he  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Oregon, 
locating  in  Oregon  City.  The  father  died 
soon  after  arriving,  and  our  subject's  brother, 
Crockett  \\'.,  was  killed  in  the  Whitman 
massacre.  His  sister  was  taken  prisoner  in  the 
same  conflict  but  was  rescued  three  weeks  later 
l)y  \-oIunteers.  After  this,  the  mother  settled 
in  Yamhill  county,  remaining  until  1864,  then 
removed  to  Salem,  where  she  died  in  1867. 
The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our  subject  are 
named  as  follows,  C.  W.,  Lorinda  E.,  James 
F.,  Linura  J.,  Maranda,  Theopolus  R.,  Henry, 
and  John.  Mr.  Bewley  had  an  uncle.  Rev. 
Anthony  Bewley,  who  was  hung  by  the  Rebels 
in  1864.  because  of  his  allegiance  to  the  Union. 
Our  subject  received  his  early  education  in 
Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  then  graduated  from 
\\'illamette  University  in  1866.  Following 
this  he  practiced  dentistry  for  ten  years.  De- 
siring more  freedom  in  life,  he  went  into  the 
stock  business,  and  later  took  up  buying  and 
selling  grain.  In  1883  he  came  to  Colville  and 
took  up  surveying,  which  he  had  studied  dur- 
ing the  earlier  part  of  his  life.  For  nine  years 
he  was  surveyor  of  Stevens  county.  In  1896 
he  located  where  Republic  now  is  and  located 
numerous  mining  claims.  Later,  he  patented 
the  ground  now  in  INIono  Addition  to  Republic, 
and  owns  a  great  portion  of  it.  He  also  has 
property  in  Spokane  and  other  places.  Mr. 
Bewley  has  been  surveyor  of  Ferry  county  for 
four  years,  and  has  also  been  justice  of  the 
peace  for  four  years. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Republican,  and  very 
active  in  the  campaigns.  In  1S70  Mr.  Bewley 
married  Miss  Maggie  E.  Dawson,  whose  pa- 
rents were  natives  of  Scotland  and  Kentucky, 
respectively  and  crossed  the  plains  in  1845 
to  McMinnville,  Oregon.  They  were  the  pa- 
rents of  ten  children.  Our  subject  and  his  wife 
have  four  children;  Frank  W.,  in  Republic: 
Claude,  in  Spokane;  Bernal,  in  Sanden,  British 
Columbia;  and  Maude,  married  to  Willianii 
Page  in  Republic. 


MICHAEL  R.  JONES  came  to  where  Re- 
public now  stands  in  1896.  and  since  that  time 
has  been  one  of  the  substantial  business  men  of 
the  place.  He  was  born  in  Dolwyddelan,  Car- 
narvonshire. North  Wales,  on  June  4.  1869,  be- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


481 


ing  the  son  of  Richard  and  Katherine  (Prich- 
ard)  Jones,  both  natives  of  \\'ales.  The  father 
thed  there  in  1884  and  the  mother  still  lives 
there,  aged  seventy.  They  were  the  parents  of 
these  children,  Ellen  M.,  Owen,  Margaret  M., 
Richard  and  John,  twins,  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Michael  R.  The  first  four  are  still 
in  A\'ales.  The  father  followed  farming.  Our 
subject  received  his  early  education  in  his  nati\e 
place,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  started  in  life 
for  himself.  He  handled  sheep  and  worked  in 
the  slate  quarries  until  1887.  In  the  following 
year  he  sold  his  interests  and  came  to  America. 
He  located  in  Cambria,  Wisconsin,  and  one 
year  later  came  to  Butte,  Montana.  After  a 
short  stay  in  the  "Silver  City,"  he  returned  to 
Wisconsin  making  it  his  home  for  seven  years, 
then  he  came  west  by  the  way  of  Milwaukee, 
Chicago,  St.  Louis,  and  the  Santa  Fe  route 
through  Alexico  and  Arizona  to  Sacramento, 
California.  A  short  time  thereafter,  we  see 
him  in  Portland,  Oregon,  whence  he  came  on 
to  Tacoma,  and  there  worked  at  his  trade.     In 

1 89 1,  he  went  to  Portland  and  worked  at  brick- 
laying for  a  year  and  then  came  to  Spokane  in 

1892.  For  one  year  he  was  engaged  in  the 
Echo  mill  in  the  metropolis  of  the  Inland  Em- 
pire, then  worked  for  G.  B.  Dennis  for  three 
years.  Afterward,  he  spent  a  summer  in  the 
copper  mills  at  Anaconda,  Montana.  He  jour- 
neyed thence  by  six  horse  team  and  wagon  via 
the  old  Mullan  road  to  Conconully,  Okanogan 
county,  where  he  spent  some  time  in  the  livery 
luisiness  with  H.  \V.  Thompson.  Later,  he 
sold  and  came  to  Toroda,  where  he  was  with 
Mr.  Thompson  in  the  mercantile  business.  .\s 
stated  before,  in  1896,  he  settled  where  Republic 
now  is,  and  for  five  years  there  engaged  with 
Lester  Sly,  a  merchant.  Later  he  took  up  a 
homestead  adjoining  Republic,  which  was  sold 
in  1900.  In  1903,  he  went  into  partnership 
with  H.  W.  Thompson  in  farming,  and  is  en- 
gaged thus  at  the  present  time. 

Politically,  he  is  an  active  Republican, 
while  in  fraternal  relations,  he  is  allied  with  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Eastern  Star 
and  the  Rebekahs. 


S.VML'EL  GRAY  is  the  genial  and  popular 
proprietor  of  the  hotel  in  Keller,  Ferry  county. 
In  addition  to  operating  this,  he  gives  his  at- 
tention to  mining.     He  was  born  in  Lafayette, 


Indiana,  on  July  17,  1840,  being  the  son  of 
David  R.  and  Sarah  (Tadford)  Gray,  natives 
of  Ohio.  They  were  early  settlers  of  Indiana 
and  there  remained  the  balance  of  their  lives. 
The  mother  died  in  1847  ^"^1  in  1851  the  fa- 
ther married  Elizabeth  Mires.  To  the  first  mar- 
riage, four  children  were  born,  William,  Sam- 
uel, John  L.  and  Ellen,  deceased.  By  the  last 
marriage  one  son  was  born.  In'very  early  davs 
our  subject  crossed  the  plains  with  his  grand- 
parents, wdio  located  in  the  Mohawk  valley, 
Oregon,  in  1853.  There  Samuel  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen assumed  the  responsibilities  of  life  for 
himself.  Two  years  after  we  find  him  in  Cor- 
N'allis  with  an  uncle,  J.  B.  Congle,  operating  a 
saddler's  store.  For  three  years  he  conducted 
that  business,  then  went  to  California  and  be- 
came a  cook  on  a  steamer  in  1859,  and  returned 
to  Portland.  The  next  year  he  went  to  Oro- 
fino,  Idaho,  and  mined  for  a  short  time.  After 
that  he  returned  to  Walla  Walla  and  wintered, 
and  in  1861  and  1863  went  to  the  Boise  Basin 
and  there  in  1863,  \vas  the  first  locator  of  valu- 
able mining  proi>erty.  He  took  a  claim  on 
Granite  creek  from  which  he  took  twenty  thou- 
sand dollars  in  three  months.  After  this  he 
went  to  Portland,  but  shortly  went  to  the  Grande 
Ronde  valley  of  Eastern  Oregon,  where  he 
opened  a  saddlery  store,  but  was  unsuccessful 
in  the  venture.  He  then  went  to  the  Willamette 
valley  and  started  in  the  same  business  with  the 
same  result.  Then  he  came  to  Lewiston  and 
operated  in  the  same  business  again.  Here  he 
made  a  brilliant  success.  He  continued  there 
until  1884,  then  sold  and  came  to  Couer  d'Alene 
and  opened  a  hotel.  For  two  years  he  was  oc- 
cupied at  this;  then  he  took  land  there  on  the 
reservation,  where  he  made  his  home  for  eight 
years.  Selling  the  property,  he  removed  to 
Marcus,  in  Ste\-ens  county,  and  later  to  Keller, 
where  we  now  find  him.  He  opened  a  hotel  in 
Keller  and  there  also  became  interested  in  a 
grocery  store.  In  addition  to  each,  as  stated 
before,  he  gives  his  attention  to  mining. 

In  1864  Mr.  Gray  married  Mary  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Elizateth  Howe,  natives  of 
Missouri.  Mr.  Howe  was  there  killed  by  a 
tree  falling  on  him.  after  which,  in  1863,  the 
mother  moved  to  Oregon.  She  died  in  1893, 
having  been  the  mother  of  four  children.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gray  three  children  have  been 
born,    William    P.,    at    Wilbur,    Washington : 


482 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Clare:  and  D.  R.,  associated  with  his  father  in 
business.  Mr.  Gray  is  one  of  the  stanchest  of 
substantial  Republicans  and  since  he  cast  his 
first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  he  has  voted 
for  every  Republican  candidate  for  president 
since.  He  remembers  well  when  James  K.  Polk 
was  elected  and  is  a  well-informed  and 
influential  man  in  political  lines.  Mr.  Gray  has 
never  seen  fit  to  hold  office  although  he  labors 
faithfully  for  the  good  of  men.  He  and  his 
wi  f e  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  are 
well  and  favorably  known  in  this  community. 
Mr.  Gray  has  amassed  two  or  three  fortunes 
and  has  lost  them,  but  is  again  a  ^•ery  prosper- 
ous citizen. 


HARRY  \V.  THOMPSON  is  well  known 
in  northern  Washington,  and  also  to  the  news- 
paper fraternity  throughout  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington. At  the  present  time  he  is  conducting 
a  hotel  in  Republic  and  a  farm  near  by.  He 
was  born  in  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota,  on 
June  I,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Augustus  and 
Sarah  (Bazley)  Thompson,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  England,  respectively.  The  parents 
settled  in  Minnesota  after  their  marriage,  where 
the  father  died  in  1892,  and  the  mother  still 
lives.  They  were  the  parents  of  fifteen  chil- 
dren, named  as  follows,  Mary.  Fannie,  Augus- 
tin,  William,  Sarah,  Harry  W..  Charles.  Fred, 
Lora.  Lillie,  Ellen,  George,  Vernie,  and  two 
others  who  died  in  infancy.  The  father  of 
our  subject  was  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  war, 
and  after  that  he  followed  farming  for  the 
remainder  of  his  life. 

Harry  W.  received  his  education  in  Henne- 
pin county  and  later  took  a  course  in  a  Minn- 
eapolis business  college.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  began  business  for  himself,  and  the 
first  year  operated  his  mother's  farm.  After 
that  he  came  to  Washington  and  located  in  Day- 
ton, where  he  was  engaged  in  a  printing  office 
for  two  years.  He  then  went  to  Okanogan 
county,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers  there,  and 
was  employed  as  compositor  on  the  first  paper 
published  in  the  county.  In  1890  Mr.  Thomp- 
son bought  out  the  Okanogan  Outlook  and 
operated  it  for  eight  years.  In  1892,  he  lost 
everything  by  fire,  but  rebuilt  and  went  forward 
with  the  business  until  1896,  when  his  entire 
projiertx'  was  washed  away  in  the  flood.  Again 
he  reluiilt  and  continued  the  business  for  two 


years  more,  when  he  discontinued  and  went 
into  the  hotel  business  for  one  year. 

Later  we  see  him  in  Toroda  in  the  merchan- 
dise business,  and  in  1898  he  settled  in  Republic 
and  he  opened  the  Thompson  hotel  which  he 
operated  nearly  two  years.  Then  he  took  a  home- 
stead adjoining  the  town,  which  he  still  owns. 
About  one  third  of  the  place  is  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  is  supplied  with  good  fences,  buildings 
and  other  improvements.  Later  Mr.  Thompson 
opened  the  Eureka  House,  and  then  took  charge 
of  the  Delaware  Hotel,  which  he  runs  now  as 
a  first-class  house. 

In  1883,  Mr.  Thompson  married  Miss  Jo- 
sephine Sly,  and  to  them  five  children  have 
been  born,  named  as  follows.  Pearl,  Lulu,  Per- 
ry, Raymond,  and  Richard. 

Politically,  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  Republican, 
and  recently  took  the  field  for  county  assessor, 
but  as  the  county  was  Democratic,  he  did  not 
win.  He  has  been  school  director  at  various 
times  and  has  held  other  offices.  Fraternally, 
he  is  affiliated  with  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Rebekahs. 
and  the  Fraternal  Army.  His  wife  and  daugh- 
ters belong  to  the  Rebekahs,  and  his  wife  to 
the  Eastern  Star. 


JOHN  W.  SEIBERT  is  one  of  the  vener- 
able residents  of  Ferry  county,  and  is  now  mak- 
ing his  home  on  the  Sans  Poil  river  about  fif- 
teen miles  south  of  Republic.  His  sons  located 
the  town  of  Westfork  which  bids  fair  to  become 
one  of  the  prosperous  villages  of  the  county. 
Mr.  Seibert  devotes  his  attention  to  mining  and 
farming  and  has  shown  himself  industrious  and 
reliable.  He  was  born  in  Berkeley  county.  Ver- 
mont on  June  12,  1825,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Mong)  Seibert,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Vermont,  respectively.  They  later 
settled  in  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  lived  there  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  Our  subject  was  one  of  nine 
children,  named  as  follows:  Aaron.  ]Moses,  J. 
W..  who  is  the  subject  of  this  article.  Mary, 
Samuel,  Michael,  Cyrus,  Benjamin,  and  Joseph. 
In  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  our  subject  was  edu- 
cated, receiving  a  good  common  school  train- 
ing, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-six.  began  life  for 
himself.  He  worked  on  a  farm  for  some  time, 
and  then  learned  the  miller's  trade  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  twenty  years.  In  1849,  Mr.  Seibert 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  and  mined  for 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


483 


a  while,  then  returned  home,  having  been  gone 
just  two  years  and  thirteen  days.  After  this, 
lie  farmed  in  Ohio  until  1873,  then  went  to  Mis- 
sijuri.  Later,  we  find  him  in  Huntsville.  Wash- 
ington. A  short  time  after  settlement  there,  he 
came  on  to  Okanogan  county,  which  was  his 
home  for  fifteen  years.  During  that  time,  Mr. 
Seibert  gave  his  attention  to  mining  almost  ex- 
clusively, then  moved  to  Ferry  county,  locating 
where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  He 
owns  the  Planton  mine,  which  has  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty  feet  of  tunnelling,  and  for  a  half 
interest  of  which  he  was  recently  offered  four 
thousand  dollars.  In  connection  with  his  sons 
he  also  owns  valuable  placer  mines,  and  is  also 
interested  in  the  townsite  of  Westfork  with 
them. 

In  1853,  Mr.  Seibert  married  Miss  Delia, 
daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Crofford) 
Ritchey,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  parents  lived  in 
Ohio  until  their  death  and  to  them  were  born 
seven  children,  Katherine,  Delia,  Charles,  Jane, 
Ellen,  Thomas  and  Matilda.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Seibert  seven  children  have  been  born :  Samuel, 
deceased ;  Joseph ;  Otho,  a  physician  in  Ohio ; 
lessie,  wife  of  J.  Inman  in  Whitman  county; 
"W^ashington ;  C."H.  ;  J.  B. ;  and  R.  D.  The  last 
three  named  are  still  at  home  with  their  parents. 

yir.  Seibert  is  a  good,  active  Republican, 
and  has  always  labored  for  the  upbuilding  of 
the  communities  where  he  has  dwelt.  He  has 
held  ^•arious  offices  and  has  always  shown  him- 
self a  patriotic  and  substantial  citizen. 


GEORGE  W.  RUNNELS,  who  resides  at 
Keller,  Washington  is  one  of  the  heavy  stock 
owners  of  this  part  of  the  county.  In  addition 
to  owning  stock,  he  pays  considerable  attention 
to  mining.  He  was  born  in  Edmundstown, 
Washington  county,  Maine,  on  October  9,  1835, 
being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Eliza  (Morong) 
Runnels,  natives  of  Maine.  The  parents  moved 
to  Washington  in  1878,  locating  in  Seattle, 
where  the  father  did  lumber  business.  He  died 
in  1894  and  his  widow  died  in  1901.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  place  until  ten  years  of  age :  then  he  com- 
menced a  seafaring  life.  He  learned  the  art  of 
cooking  and  working  in  that  capacity  and  went 
to  all  the  leading  ports   of  the   world.      For 


eleven  years  he  continued  in  that  business,  and 
in  1858  came  to  Puget  sound  by  way  of  Cape 
Horn,  sailing  in  the  bark  Oak  Hill.  In  i860 
he  came  to  what  is  now  Okanogan  county  and 
since  that  time  has  lived  in  the  central  part  of 
Washington  continuously.  He  has  been  oc- 
cupied as  stock  raiser,  store  keeper  and  pros- 
pector for  all  these  long  years.  He  located  the 
Mountain  Lion  in  Republic,  the  Last  Chance 
and  the  Flatiron,  besides  many  others.  In  1897 
Mr.  Runnels  located  at  Keller,  where  he  now 
lives,  and  since  that  time  has  opened  up  several 
fine  prospects.  Among  them  is  the  Copper 
King  and  the  Iconoclast.  The  latter  is  being 
developed  and  Mr.  Runnels  owns  about  one- 
third  of  it.  In  addition  to  these  properties,  he 
has  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  horses 
in  Okanogan  and  Ferry  counties. 

In  1 86 1,  b}'  the  Indian  ceremony,  Mr.  Run- 
nels married  Skocum  Analix.  In  1872  this 
marriage  was  confirmed  by  the  United  States 
laws  and  to  this  couple,  fifteen  children  have 
been  born,  ten  of  whom  are  living,  named  as 
follows  :  Elizabeth,  Mary,  Fred,  Clara,  Hiram, 
Louis,  Thomas,  Josephine  Katherine  and  Nellie. 
Louis  and  Thomas  are  being  educated  at  Carl- 
isle, Pennsylvania,  while  Mary  is  attending  one 
of  the  well-known  educational  institutions  of 
the  east.  Mr.  Runnels  is  a  Democrat,  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  the  afifairs  of  his  county. 

He  is  more  familiarly  known  as  "Tenas 
George"  and  the  full  account  of  his  life  would 
make  a  very  interesting  book.  It  is  of  import- 
ance to  note  that  over  thirty  years  ago  Mr. 
Runnels  discovered  the  lead  of  the  Iconoclast. 
He  took  samples  of  the  ore  to  Dr.  Day  in  Walla 
Walla,  who  pronounced  it  first  class  ore.  From 
that  time  until  the  reservation  opened,  he  kept 
watch  of  the  property  and  for  some  months 
prior  to  the  proclamation  of  opening  this  por- 
tion of  the  reservation,  Mr.  Runnels  was  ob- 
liged to  personally  stand  guard  over  the  prop- 
erty with  a  Winchester.  While  the  temptation 
was  great,  "Tenas  George"  was  too  well  known 
for  any  man  to  attempt  to  jump  that  claim  in 
the  face  of  his  Winchester.  He  is  respected 
both  among  the  Indians  and  his  own  people, 
having  shown  himself  governed  by  a  true  sense 
of  honor.  It  is  said  of  him  that  when  the  test 
came  as  to  whether  he  should  have  the  Icono- 
clast or  not,  he  shouldered  his  Winchester  and 
said  to  his  wife:  "If  I  lose  mv  life  in  defending 


484 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


that  claim,  bury  me  there."  He  is  a  careful 
reader  and  the  author  of  several  poems  and 
ballads  of  considerable  merit. 


HON.  LEW  P.  WILMOT  resides  about 
two  miles  east  from  Keller  and  is  engaged  in 
mining.  He  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  various  leading  mining  excitements  through 
the  west  since  the  days  of  Elk  City's  boom,  and 
is  well  known  as  an  adventurous  and  active  man 
in  these  villages. 

Lew  P.  Wilmot  was  born  in  Freeport,  Illi- 
nois, on  January  30,  1839,  being  the  son  of 
B.  R.  and  Virginia  (Hawkins)  Wilmot,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  respectively.  The 
father  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Freeport, 
being  tlie  first  postmaster  and  the  first  county 
commissioner  of  the  county.  He  moved  to 
Wisconsin  in  1841  and  located  in  Platteville. 
There  he  followed  his  trade  of  cabinetmaker, 
when  in  company  with  two  others,  they  built  a 
schooner,  intending  to  go  down  the  Mississippi 
and  then  by  water  to  California.  Upon  arriv- 
ing in  New  Orleans,  they  found  their  craft  was 
not  fit  for  the  rougher  \oyage  and  so  abandoned 
the  trip.    They  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  later 


Mr.  Wilmot  went  to  Kansas.  In  i860  we  find 
him  at  Pike's  Peak,  after  which  he  returned  to 
Missouri,  and  in  1865  he  came  on  to  Washing- 
ton. From  this  state  he  went  to  Idaho,  where 
he  died  in  1887. 

Our  subject  was  raised  on  the  frontier  and 
had  almost  no  opportunity  to  gain  an  education ; 
still  by  his  industry  and  careful  habits  of  in- 
c|uiry,  he  became  well  informed.  He  remained 
with  his  father  until  1862,  then  attended  the 
Elk  City  excitement,  and  mined  there  for  a 
good  many  3-ears.  In  1885  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington, located  on  the  Columbia  and  put  in  a 
ditch  to  convey  water  for  mining  purposes.  The 
ditch  was  fourteen  miles  long  and  on  one  flume 
he  used  over  eighty-two  thousand  feet  of  lum- 
ber. After  this, Mr.  Wilmot  went  to  work  for 
the  government  in  Okanogan  county  and  was 
thus  engaged  eight  years.  Then  he  moved  to 
his  present  place  just  east  of  Keller  and  has 
given  his  attention  to  mining  since. 

In  political  matters,  he  is  a  strong  Repub- 
lican and  is  one  of  the  commissioners  of  Ferry 
county.  In  1878  he  represented  his  section  of 
Idaho  in  the  legislature  and  in  1882  held  that 
responsible  position  the  second  time.  He  is  one 
of  the  worthy  pioneers  of  the  mirthwest  and 
stands  well  in  this  community. 


r 

\ 

^v 

GROUP  OF  OKANOGAN   INDIANS.  MEDICINE  WOMAN   OF  THE  OKANOGAN  TRIBE 


SALMON   OR  CONCONULLY   LAKE. 


TRAMWAY   FROM    PINNACLE    MINE, 
OKANOGAN    CO. 


PART  IV. 


HISTORY 


OF 


OKANOGAN  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


FIRST  EXPLORATION  AND  EARLY  HISTORY. 


David  Thompson  was  the  first  white  man 
to  descend  the  northern  portion  of  the  Colum- 
bia river.  He  was  connected  with  the  North- 
west P'ur  Company.  Thompson  arrived  at 
The  Dalles  in  July,  1811.  An  expedition  for 
the  exploration  of  the  northern  Columbia 
had  been  arranged  which  was  to  be  commanded 
by  David  Stuart.  The  appearance  of  Thomp- 
son delayed  this  expedition  eight  days,  but  it 
was  finally  settled  that  Stuart  should  proceed 
on  his  journey  northward,  and  July  23,  181 1, 
he,  with  four  clerks.  Pellet,  Ross,  Montigny 
and  McLennan,  four  boat  men,  Thompson  and 
his  crew  and  a  couple  of  Indians  set  forth  on 
their  hazardous  trip.  They  were  provided  with 
light  canoes  and  these  craft  carried  sails  as  well 
as  paddles.  Thus  was  organized  the  first  com- 
mercial enterprise  on  this  portion  of  the  waters 
of  the  Columbia  ri\er.  It  had  teen  decided  that 
Thompson  should  continue  on  northeasterly  to 
Montreal,  and  by  him  Mr.  McDougall,  in  com- 
mand of  the  post  at  The  Dalles,  sent  forward 
a  letter  to  John  Jacob  Astor. 

For  some  distance  up  tiie  river  Stuart  and 
Thompson  remained  in  company.  But  finally 
the  latter  cast  loose  from  the  convoy  of  canoes 
and  passed  on  ahead,  leaving  Stuart  and  his 


fellow  voyagers  to  proceed  more  leisurely  on 
the  route.  It  was  a  part  of  Stuart's  plan  to 
spy  out  a  location  for  a  new  fort  in  the  wilder- 
ness for  the  Northwest  Company.  As  the  party 
continued  the  ascent  of  the  magnificent  river 
they  reached  a  broad,  treeless  prairie  sur- 
rounded by  a  number  of  elevations  which, 
without  gaining  the  distinction  of  mountains, 
could  be  termed  with  propriety  exceedingly 
high  hills.  Tali,  rich  grass  was  in  abundant 
growth.  To  the  southeast  the  landscape  was 
open  and  expansive,  but  closed  in  on  the  north 
by  a  dense  forest  of  pine  and  fir.  It  was  fra- 
grant with  flowers  and  musical  with  the  clear 
bell-notes  of  bird  life.  And  down  from  the 
lakes  far  to  the  north  coursed  a  cool  stream 
which  the  natives  called  the  O-kan-a-kan,  or 
Okanogan  in  the  modern  acceptance  of  its  or- 
thography. At  this  point  it  joined  its  waters 
with  those  of  the  Columbia,  and  near  here 
is  now  located  the  town  of  Brewster.  On  the 
east  bank  of  the  Okanogan,  five  miles  above  its 
mouth,  Stuart  located  his  fort,  post  or  fac- 
tory, as  the  place  was  subsequently  recognized 
by  all  tliese  names. 

The  significance  and  derivation  of  the  word 
"Okanogan"  has  always  been  a  subject  of  dis- 


480 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


pute  and  uncertainty  with  Chinook  authorities. 
Father  E.  de  Rouge,  who  for  more  than  twenty- 
years  has  been  among  the  Indians  and  has  made 
a  special  study  of  their  nomenclature,  asserts 
that  the  proper  word  is  not  Okanogan  at  all, 
but  Okanakan.  He  advances  three  good  reasons 
for  this  i^osition:  First,  the  Indians  invariably 
use  the  "kan"  or  "kain"  sound;  second,  there  is 
no  letter  "g"  or  sound  answering  to  "g"  in  the 
Indian  dialect;  third,  in  the  formation  of  new 
Indian  words,  and  after  the  analogy  of  the 
Greek,  two  words  or  roots  are  used.  The  last 
two  letters  of  the  hrst  and  the  first  two  letters 
of  the  last  are  dropped  and  the  words  are  then 
amalgamated. 

In  Okanogan  the  first  three  syllables  are 
the  first  part  of  the  word  meaning  "nothing," 
and  the  last  is  the  remnant  of  "zasekan,"  mean- 
ing "head;"  from  which  the  true  significance 
of  Okanogan  or  ■  Okanokan  is  found  to  be 
"head-of-nothing."  p^ather  de  Rouge  is  unable 
to  account  for  the  application  of  the  word  to 
the  river  and  says  it  is  simply  a  custom  of  the 
Indians  to  attach  words  to  things  without  refer- 
ence to  the  fitness  thereof.  It  is  probable  that 
the  river  having  its  source  in  a  lake,  so  far  as 
the  knowledge  of  these  Indians  goes,  may  ex- 
plain the  origin  of  the  name. 

The  Okanogan  Outlook,  published  at  Con- 
conully,  has  another  explanation  of  the  mean- 
ing of  the  word.    It  says : 

"The  English  meaning  of  the  word  'Okani- 
kane,' — Okanogan,  as  it  is  now  spelled —  is 
'rendezvous,'  and  was  given  to  the  head  of  the 
Okanogan  river,  where  it  takes  its  source  in  the 
lake  of  the  same  name.  It  is  here  that  the  In- 
dians from  all  parts  of  the  Territory,  British 
Columbia  and  even  Alaska,  meet  for  the  annual 
'potlatch,'  even  to  this  day  (1888)  and  lay  in 
their  supply  of  fish  and  game.  The  word  'Soo- 
yos,'  which  has  been  corrupted  to  O  Sooyos, 
means  'narrows,'  and  here  are  the  grandest 
fishing  grounds  in  the  Pacific  Northwest. 
'Conconully,'  also  a  corrupt  Indian  name, 
means  'cloudy,"  but  was  applied  to  the  lower 


branch  of  the  Salmon  river.  The  proi)er  In- 
dian name  for  the  valley  where  Conconully  lies 
is  Sklow  Outiman,  which  means  'money  hole,' 
so  named  on  account  of  the  abundance  of  beaver 
to  be  caught  there  in  the  early  days,  and  beaver 
skins  were  money  to  the  Indians  then." 

Here,  then,  was  the  original  interior  fort  of 
the  company,  a  post  antedating  that  of  "Fort" 
Colville  by  some  fifteen  years.  As  Mr.  Bancroft 
says :  "It  was  the  stopping  place  of  the  over- 
land brigade,  and  in  due  time  became  the  chief 
station  for  the  deposit  of  furs  from  the  New 
Caledonian  district."  For  a  "factory"  of  this 
description  there  were  few  locations  more 
favorable  throughout  the  great  northwest. 
The  climate  was  unsurpassed  ;  Indians  friendly ; 
horses  in  abundance;  the  rivers  alive  with 
fish ;  the  adjacent  forest  abounding  in  many 
varieties  of  toothsome  game.  The  trend  of 
the  Okanogan  northward  pro\ided  access 
to  that  valuable  fur-producing  country;  to 
the  westward  a  natural  highway,  the  Columbia, 
lay  open  to  the  sea.  The  first  structure  erected 
by  Stuart  was  a  log  house  16x20  feet  in  size, 
built  from  driftwood  caught  in  the  bend  of  the 
river.  Then  he  reduced  his  force  by  sending 
Pellet  and  McLennan  back  to  Astoria,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia,  where  they  arrived 
safely  October  15,  181 1. 

Naturally  an  Indian  dearly  loves  a  trading 
post.  And  it  was  through  the  mediums  of  trad- 
ing posts  that  the  all-pervading  Hudson's  Bay 
and  Northwest  Companies  retained  their  strong 
controlling  hold  on  the  North  American  red 
men.  The  natives  in  the  vicinity  of  this  fort 
were  intelligent,  friendly  and  pleased  to  assist 
in  every  way  in  their  power  the  establishment 
of  the  post.  Having  erected  the  log  structure, 
Stuart,  having  great  confidence  in  the  Indians, 
decided  to  leave  the  station  in  charge  of  Ross, 
without  one  white  companion,  while  he  and 
Montigny  and  the  two  boatmen  pushed'  on 
northward.  This  daring  expedition  was  suc- 
cessfully accomplished ;  Ross  continued  his  soli- 
tary vigil  throughout  the  winter  of   1811-12. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


487 


Of  this  experience  ]\Ir.  Ross  says  in  his  "Ad- 
-c'CHtures:" 

"During  Mr.  Stuart's  absence  of  188  days 
I  liad  procured  1,550  beavers,  besides  other  pel- 
tries worMi  in  the  Canton  market  two  thousand 
two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  sterhng-,  and 
which  on  an  average  stood  the  concern  in  but 
five  and  one-half  pence  apiece,  valuing  the  mer- 
chandise at  sterling  cost,  or  in  round  numbers, 
thirty-five  pounds  sterling;  a  specimen  of  our 
trade  among  the  Indians." 

Thus,  as  concisely  as  possible  is  presented  a 
historical  record  of  the  earliest  exploration,  by 
white  men,  of  the  5.318  square  miles  now  con- 
tained within  the  modern  limits  of  Okanogan 
county.  Of  course  in  those  early  days  no  geo- 
graphical division  lines  were  known,  nor  for 
many  years  thereafter  was  any  attempt  made  to 
separate  territory  into  county  limitations.  Even- 
tually what  is  now  Okanogan  became,  together 
with  other  vast  territory  east  of  the  Cascades, 
Spokane,  and  subsequently  Stevens  county. 

In  the  religious  field  of  Okanogan  county 
the  original  pioneer  was  Reverend  Father  De 
Smet.  In  his  celebrated  letters  he  speaks  of 
having  gone  up  the  Okanogan  river,  and  even 
penetrating  to  Okanogan  lake,  in  British  Co- 
lumbia, and  returning.  This  was  as  early  as 
1839.  The  Colville  Mission  had  previously 
been  established  by  Father  De  Smet,  and  it 
was  from  this  point,  now  in  Stevens  county, 
that  he  and  other  Catholic  priests  came  west- 
ward. Gradually  the  Indians  of  the  Okanogan 
country  came  under  the  beneficent  influence  of 
these  religious  people,  and  many  of  them  joined 
the  church.  It  is  the  testimony  of  Father  de 
Rouge,  now  at  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  Mission, 
that  as  a  rule  these  Indians  were  good,  honest 
people,  and  that  any  old  settler  might  leave  his 
cabin  for  days  at  a  time  without  the  least  dan- 
ger of  loss  of  property. 

It  was  in  the  fall  of  1885  that  Father  de 
Rouge  arrived  at  the  Okanogan  river  where 
he  built  a  home  and  a  small  chapel.  The  ruins 
of  these  primitive  edifices  may  yet  be  seen.    At 


this  period  the  father  claims  that  the  Indians 
were  inveterate  gamblers,  but  that  within  one 
year  the  greater  majority  of  them  had  aban- 
doned the  practice.  Later,  in  1889,  a  log  chapel 
was  built  at  Omak,  at  the  head  of  the  lake  of 
that  name,  east  of  the  Okanogan  river,  in  the 
"South  Half"  of  the  Colville  Indian  reserva- 
tion. This  was  the  inception  of  St.  Mary's 
Mission,  which,  in  charge  of  Father  de  Rouge, 
has  become  one  of  the  educational  institutions 
for  the  use  of  Indians  in  the  state  of  Washing- 
ton. It  was  in  1889  that  the  father  returned 
from  France  with  some  money  collected  abroad, 
and  with  this  nucleus  he  placed  the  mission  in 
the  field. 

It  is  the  testimony  of  Father  de  Rouge  that 
the  site  of  St.  Mary's  Mission  had  already  been 
selected  by  Father  de  Grassi,  who  is  described 
as  a  true  missionary  who  did  much  for  the  peo- 
ple then  in  the  country,  whites  as  well  as  In- 
dians. Having  no  house  and  no  church  Father 
de  Grassi  was  accustomed  to  travel  from  Ya- 
kima to  Colville  with  a  pack  horse,  stopping  for 
short  periods  at  any  points  where  Indians  were 
gathered  for  the  purpose  of  imparting  instruc- 
tion to  them.  In  this  manner  Father  de  Grassi 
claimed  that  he  had  lived  on  an  outlay  of  not 
over  $20  per  annum.  He  was  loved  and  re- 
spected by  a  large  majority  of  the  nomadic 
tribes  of  Indians  then  in  the  country.  However, 
there  are  Indians  and  Indians;  good,  bad  and 
indifferent.  One  day  it  was  was  Father  de 
Grassi's  misfortune  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  a 
band  of  bad  ones ;  they  were  setting  the  father 
across  the  mouth  of  the  Okanagan  river  by 
means  of  a  canoe.  It  was  here  that  a  deliberate 
attempt  was  made  to  drown  the  missionary. 
The  canoe  was  intentionally  upset  and  only  by 
a  remarkable  display  of  energy  and  presence  of 
mind  on  his  part  was  his  life  spared  by  the 
treacherous  red  men. 

Father  de  Rouge  speaks  of  a  certain  class  of 
Indian  fanatics  near  the  mouth  of  the  Okano- 
gan, whose  peculiar  religion  was  termed  the 
"Dreams,"  and  whose  God  was  supposed  to  re- 


488 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


veal  them  everything.  Tliey  said  prayers  and 
practiced  a  number  of  pecuHar  ceremonies.  On 
the  arrival  of  Father  de  Rouge  among  this  sect 
he  was  immediately  ordered  away.  Paying  no 
attention  to  such  intimidation  he  continued  the 
construction  of  the  mission,  and  was  eventually 
rewarded  by  the  southern  wing  of  the  Okano- 
gan Indians  joining  the  church.  It  is  said  now 
by  Fatlier  de  Rouge  tliat  "were  it  not  for  the 
evil  influence  of  bad  \\'hite  men  and  the  horrible 
tvpe  of  whisky  they  would  still  be  a  good 
class  of  citizens." 

In  1893,  during  the  Feast  of  Corpus  Christi, 
Right  Reverend  Bishop  Younger  came  to  the 
St.  Mary's  Mission,  he  being  the  first  bishop  to 
visit  the  Okanogan  country.  Bishop  Younger 
encouraged  the  Indians  to  Iniild  a  school  house 
which  they  eventually  did  at  their  own  expense. 
Soon  this  edifice  was  found  to  be  too  small  to 
accommodate  the  increasing  number  of  pupils, 
and  another  and  larger  building  replaced  the 
structure.  At  present  the  school  has  two  de- 
partments, one  for  Indians  and  one  for  white 
children.  Aside  from  the  elementary  English 
branches  they  are  taught  Latin  and  Greek,  the 
higher  mathematics,  bookkeeping,  typewriting, 
drawing  and  music.  The  literary  and  musical 
exercises  of  these  students  during  the  Christ- 
mas holidays  are  said  to  equal  many  of  the  more 
pretentionus  schools  and  colleges  of  the  country. 
A  brass  band  of  eleven  pieces  is  one  of  the  latest 
acquisitions.  .Altogether  it  is  a  most  favorable 
place  for  chidren  to  secure  an  excellent  educa- 
tion, and  there  are  many  white  children  who  re- 
side in  localities  remote  from  school  houses  who 
avail  themselves  of  the  privileges  offered  by  St. 
Mary's  Mission.  For  the  present  four  teachers 
are  in  attendance  upon  the  boys  of  the  school, 
and  several  new  buildings  are  projected. 

No  reasonable  doubt  can  be  entertained  but 
that  the  influence  of  St.  Mary's  Mission  over 
the  Indians  has  been  beneficial.  A  circumstance 
illustrating  this  point  is  given.  Several  years 
ago  an  Indian  was  killed  by  a  white  man. 
Father  de  Rouge  was  one  hundred  and   fifty 


miles  away.  On  his  arrival  home  an  old  Indian 
came  to  the  mission  at  full  speed  and  said  to 
him : 

"You  are  just  in  time:  last  night  the  In- 
dians bad  a  big  meeting  and  determined  to  go 
and  kill  some  white  men.  But  some  one  came 
in  and  said  'the  father  is  home!'  " 

It  was  sufficient ;  the  Indians  dispersed  and 
plans  for  summary  vengeance  were  abandoned. 
At  one  period  a  few  years  ago  it  was  decided  to 
remove  Father  de  Rouge  to  another  missionary 
field.  To  this  the  Indians  vigorously  objected; 
circulated  a  number  of  petitions  and  so  seri- 
ously did  they  protest  against  such  a  course  that 
he  was  permitted  to  remain. 

In  the  spring  of  1903  there  was  living  in 
Aeneas  Valley,  which  adjoins  Bonaparte  Valley 
on  the  east,  an  ex-chief  of  the  Okanogans,  at 
the  age  of  eighty-eight  years.  He  has  since 
died.  Forty  years  ago  (1863)  Chief  Aeneas 
was  located  with  his  tribe  west  of  the  Okanogan 
river.  It  is  a  matter  of  historical  record  that 
this  Indian  patriarch  invariably  sustained 
friendly  relations  with  the  white  settlers  from 
the  earliest  days  of  the  county's  history.  That 
he  made  for  them  many  personal  sacrifices  is 
undoubted.  It  was  in  1863  that  the  initial 
movement  of  whites  into  the  Okanogan  country 
began.  Chief  Aeneas  found  it  impossible  to 
restrain  the  impetuosity  of  his  numerous  young 
warriors :  they  appeared  at  all  times  anxious  to 
engage  in  altercations  with  the  early  settlers. 
regarding  them  as  intruders.  In  consequence 
of  this  attitude  on  the  part  of  the  Indian 
"braves,"  Aeneas  severed  tribal  relations  and 
with  his  family  removed  to  the  location  above 
mentioned.  At  that  period  his  household  con- 
sisted of  a  wife,  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Here  Chief  Aeneas  resided  twenty-five 
years  before  neighbors  began  to  flock  around 
him.  At  one  period  he  laid  claim  to  the  entire 
valley  as  his  individual  ranch,  a  property  fifteen 
miles  long  by  eight  in  width.  During  a  portion 
of  this  time  Aeneas  owned  thousands  of  horses 
and  several  large  bands  of  cattle  which  he  con- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


489 


tiinied  to  pasture  on  the  ranges  of  his  immense 
"claim."  Aeneas  survived  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren, the  last  of  the  latter  having  heen  Ixu'ied 
twenty-one  years  ago.  His  wife  had  died  some 
time  before.  Single,  childless  and  solitary,  the 
okl  man  was  left  in  the  beautiful  valley  so  long 
his  home,  patiently  awaiting  the  call  of  the 
Cireat  Father  to  join  those  who  had  gone  be- 
fore. At  present  the  Aeneas  ranch  consists  of 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  upon  which 
are  many  improvements  and  considerable  per- 
sonal property,  for  Aeneas  was  always  indus- 
trious, a  characteristic  rather  unusual  among 
Indians,  and  each  year  he  harvested  several 
thousands  of  bushels  of  oats. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  upper 
Okanogan  country  was  Alexander  McCauley, 
who  located  on  the  ranch  he  now  occupies,  one 
mile  from  the  town  of  Oroville.  at  the  junction 
of  the  Okanogan  and  Similkameen  rivers.  Mr. 
McCauley  was  a  personal  friend  of  Chief 
I\Ioses,  and  on  a  number  of  occasions  it  chanced 
that  the  friendly  chief  extended  his  good  offices 
in  favor  of  the  white  men  who  were  beginning 
to  filter  in  to  the  then  wilderness  from  the 
haunts  of  civilization  far  to  the  eastward. 
Moses  was  at  the  head  of  what  were  called  the 
"non-treaty"  Indians,  and  he  had  laid  claim  to 
some  600,000  acres  of  land  to  be  set  apart  as 
a  reservation  in  consideration  of  services  ren- 
dered the  United  States  government  in  prevent- 
ing an  Indian  outbreak.  To  Mr.  McCauley 
Chief  Moses  furnished  guards  during  the  Nez 
Perce  war  when  it  became  necessary  for  him  to 
make  extended  trips  away  from  home.  ]\Iany 
of  the  white  men  then  in  the  Okanogan  country 
were  compelled  to  pay  tribute  to  Chief  Moses, 
but  Mr.  McCauley  was  invariably  exempt.  In 
1875  "Billy"  Granger,  James  Palmer  and 
Phelps  &  Wadleigh  came  to  the  country  with 
l)ands  of  cattle  to  pasture  them  on  the  extensive 
and  decidedly  nutritious  ranges. 

In  order  that  the  reader  may  obtain  a  com- 
prehensive view  of  the  attitude  of  Chief  Moses 
in  relation  to  these  reservation  lands,  it  is  ne- 


cessary to  trace  the  various  acts  of  congress 
concerning  them.  During  the  period  immedi- 
ately following  the  Yakima  war,  the  agency  of 
this  tribe  included  a  reservation  of  900,000 
acres  of  land,  peopled  by  3,600,  which,  aggre- 
gated, gave  to  every  man,  woman  and  child 
under  jurisdiction  of  the  agency  250  acres 
apiece.  Yet  of  all  this  vast  cjuantity  of  land, 
good,  bad  and  indifferent,  not  over  5,000  acres 
all  told  was  under  any  sort  of  cultivation.  Over 
the  remainder  of  this  extensive  territory  ranged 
large  herds  of  horses  and  cattle.  Nominal  con- 
trol of  eight  different  tribes  of  Indians  was  held 
b}'  the  Colville  agency.  These  included  the  so- 
called  Colville,  the  Okanogan,  Spokane,  Kalis- 
pell,  Sans  Foil,  Methow,  Nespelim  and  Lake 
Chelan  bands,  and  these  together  numbered 
about  3,000  persons.  Iii  the  main  they  were 
recognized  as  "non-treaty"  Indians ;  many  of 
them,  although  peacefully  disposed,  refusing  to 
acknowledge  any  authority  of  the  United  States 
government.  It  was  considered  necessary, 
however,  to  regulate  their  intercourse  with 
white  settlers  by  a  local  agent. 

The  first  reservation  set  apart  for  the  "non- 
treaty"  Indians  was  on  April  9,  1872.  This 
was  by  executive  order  and  included  the  Col- 
ville valley.  To  this  movement  in  their  behalf 
by  the  government  the  Indians  exhibited  a 
friendly  disposition.  But  there  was  another 
element  yet  to  be  reckoned  with;  about  sixty 
white  settlers  in  the  valley  from  whom  came  an 
immediate  and  emphatic  protest.  Nor  was  this 
protest  without  influence.  July  2,  President 
Grant  issued  an  order  confining  the  limits  of 
the  reservation  to  the  country  bounded  on  the 
east  and  south  by  the  Columbia  river:  on  the 
west  by  the  Okanogan,  and  on  the  north  by  the 
International  Boundary  between  the  United 
States  and  British  Columbia.  This  left  the 
western  portion  of  the  territory  now  within  the 
present  limits  of  Okanogan  county  outside  the 
Colville  reservation. 

Still  there  were  conflicting  interests,  and 
this  new  order  was  received  by  a  counter  pro- 


490 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


test  from  Indians  and  Indian  agents.  President 
Grant  adhered  to  the  order,  and  theoretically  it 
was  "enforced ;"  practically  it  was  a  nullity,  for 
what  were  termed  the  "Colville"  Indians  main- 
tained a  joint  occupancy  with  the  white  settlers, 
a  condition  which  brought  them  in  close  touch 
with  the  order  of  Jesuits  who  continued  in 
charge  of  their  spiritual  welfare  as  they  had 
done  since  1842. 

In  April,  1879,  another  grant  of  reserva- 
tion land  was  made  on  the  west  side  of  the  Oka- 
nogan river,  extending  to  the  Cascade  range. 
Practically  this  threw  into  an  Indian  reserva- 
tion all  lands  in  eastern  Washington  west  of 
the  Columbia  river  and  north  of  about  43  de- 
grees, 30  minutes,  an  area  of  about  4,000  square 
miles;  between  two  and  three  million  acres. 

At  this  juncture  the  "non-treaty"  Indians 
came  in  for  another  share  of  governmental  mu- 
nificence, to  which  reference  has  previously 
been  made.  A  tract  bounded  on  the  east  by  a 
line  running  south  from  where  the  last  reserva- 
tion crossed  the  Okanogan  to  the  mouth  of  that 
river;  thence  down  the  Columbia  to  the  junc- 
tion of  the  stream  which  is  an  outlet  for  Lake 
Chelan ;  following  the  meandering  of  that  lake 
on  the  west  shore  to  the  source  of  the  stream 
feeding  it;  thence  west  to  the  44th  degree  of 
longitude;  thence  north  to  the  southern  boun- 
dary of  the  reserve  of  1879,  was  allowed  these 
"non-treaty"  Indians  The  executive  order 
authorizing  this  grant  was  issued  March  6, 
1880.  This  tract  included  600,000  acres.  This 
gave  7,2^  acres  to  each  individual  included  in 
the  various  tribes,  there  being  about  14,300 
men,  women  and  children.  While  considerable 
of  this  land  was  of  poor  quality,  a  portion  of  it 
comprised  much  of  the  best  agricultural  and 
grazing  lands  in  the  Okanogan  country. 

Few  are  the  living  pioneers  of  the  state  of 
Washington  who  will  not  readily  recall  the 
familliar  name  of  "Okanogan"  Smith.  It  may 
be  said  that  he  attained  to  national  celebrity,  for 
his  fame  and  the  record  of  his  exploits  are  not 
confined  to  the  limits  of  W'ashingtcin.  Territor\' 


or  State.  Hiram  !•'.  Smith  was  born  in  Kenne- 
bec county.  Maine,  June  11,  1829.  Like  Lin- 
coln, Garfield  and  many  odier  eminent  men, 
young  Smith  was  educated  by  the  wayside  and 
the  blaze  of  a  pitch  pine  knot  in  the  wilderness. 
And  in  the  wilderness  he  passed  the  greater 
portion  of  his  eventful  life.  Versatile,  indeed, 
was  "Okanogan"  Smith,  who  passed  through 
all  the  vicissitudes  incident  to  pioneer  life.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  had  been  printer,  pub- 
lisher, politician,  butcher,  expressman,  mer- 
chant, legislator,  farmer  and  miner.  In  1837 
Smith  emigrated  to  Iowa;  to  Illinois  in  1841 ; 
to  Michigan  in  1845;  to  New  York  City  in 
1848 ;  to  California  in  1849  '•  to  the  Territory  of 
Washington  in  1858.  Thereafter  throughout 
his  life  he  resided  at  Osoyoos  Lake,  through 
which  runs  the  International  Boundary  line,  in 
northern  Okanogan  county.  But  the  count}' 
was  not  organized  at  the  time  he  deposited  his 
lares  and  penates  in  his  future  home.  Here 
established  a  famous  ranch  which  in  time  lie- 
came  noted  for  its  magnificent  fruit. 

Thirty-seven  years  ago  "Okanogan"  Smith 
discovered  mineral  in  what  is  now  the  Palmer 
Mountain  district,  and  made  a  number  of  lo- 
cations in  the  mountains  along  the  Similkameen 
river.  When  these  mines  were  included  in 
Chief  Moses'  reservation  Smith  claimed  heavy 
compensation  from  the  L'nited  States  govern- 
ment. As  he  refused  the  sum  offered,  $250,000, 
the  government  drew  the  lines  excluding  a  strip 
extending  fifteen  miles  southward  from  the 
boundary  and  running  across  the  whole  breadth 
of  the  reservation.  The  fact  that  this  strip  was 
open  to  mineral  entry  did  not  become  known  to 
the  then  thinly  settled  territory,  and  prospectors 
(lid  not  enter  it  until  the  reservation  was  thrown 
open  in  1886.  Then  it  was  that  mineral  discov- 
eries followed  each  other  in  rapid  succession, 
and  this  remote  tract,  saved  by  the  genius  and 
pertenacit}-  of  "Okanogan"  Smith,  was  found 
to  l)e  among  the  richest  in  the  L^nited  States. 
n<it  so  much  in  the  value  of  its  ores  as  in  the 
size  of  its  i)rc  hiidics,  thouoh  some  of  the  richest 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


491 


discoveries  in  the  state  have  been  made  there. 
Since  the  death  of  Smith  all  his  claims  along 
Similkameen  have  passed  into  new  hands. 

"Okanogan"  Smith  was  identified  with  the 
county  for  thirty  years,  indeed,  since  long-  be- 
fore there  was  such  a  county,  for  its  judicial 
existence  can  be  directly  traced  to  his  influence 
and  energetic  efforts.  As  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  legislature  of  1865-6  Mr.  Smith  in- 
troduced a  memorial  to  congress  praying  for 
the  protection  and  extension  of  oiu'  fishermen's 
interests  in  Alaskan  waters.  Investigation  into 
the  matter  by  Secretary  of  State  William  H. 
Seward  led  to  the  purchase  of  the  territory 
from  Russia,  which  result  Mr.  Seward  credited 
publicly  to  "Okanogan"  Smith.  In  the  same 
legislature  Smith  introduced  and  caused  to  pass 
the  Chinese  act  whereby  they  were  taxed  a  cer- 
tain amount  quarterly,  one-half  of  which  went 
to  Okonogan  county  and  was  used  in  building 
roads,  bridges  and  other  public  improvements. 

The  second  state  legislature  of  Washington 
convened  at  Olympia  in  the  winter  of  1891-2. 
To  this  assembly  "Okanogan"  Smith  was 
elected  and  ser\'ed  with  distinction  throughout 
the  term.  He  was  re-elected  a  member  of  the 
third  state  legislature,  but  died  at  Olympia  in 
1894. 

To  Alvin  R.  Thorp  belongs  the  distinction 
of  being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  northern 
Okanogan  county.  During  the  70's  Mr.  Thorp 
frequented  the  upper  country  engaged  in  va- 
rious pusuits,  including-  a  two  years'  clerkship 
in  a  general  merchandise  store  at  Rock  Creek. 
Part  of  the  time  he  was  packing  freight  from 
Marcus  to  "Okanogan"  Smith's  place,  Osoyoos 
Lake.  In  1878  Mr.  Thorp  located  on  his  ranch 
two  miles  north  of  the  present  town  of  Loomis, 
in  company  with  a  partner  named  Johnson, 
who  shortly  afterward  sold  out  to  John  Beall. 
At  this  time  there  were  no  other  settlers  in  this 
part  of  of  Okanogan  county,  and  ]\Ir.  Thorp 
has  distinctively  the  hon(ir  of  being  the  first 
settler  of  Loon-iis  and  its  extensive  suburbs. 
Shortly  after  his  advent  ^^'illis  Thorp  located 


on  the  Loomis  ranch  on  the  edge  of  the  present 
town.  The  first  few  years  following  the  period 
at  which  Mr.  Thorp  settled  at  his  permanent 
home,  he,  in  company  with  his  neigbors,  made 
semi-annual  trips  to  Walla  Walla  for  supplies, 
going  via  Crab  Creek  and  the  old  Mullan  road, 
employing  pack  trains,  the  round  trip  consum- 
ing the  greater  part  of  a  month. 

On  one  of  his  trips  to  Walla  Walla  Mr. 
Thorp  conceived  the  idea  of  bringing  home 
some  peanuts  and  experimenting  with  their 
growth  in  Okanogan  soil.  After  taking  great 
care  with  the  planting,  and  having  watched  for 
their  appearance  for  a  few  months,  he  discov- 
ered that  he  had  planted  roasted  peanuts.  P~ol- 
lowing  that,  however,  he  became  more  thor- 
oughly initiated  into  the  mysteries  of  peanut 
culture,  and  for  many  years  cultivated  a  small 
field  of  this  popular  bulb.  Following  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  the  set- 
tlers in  the  neighborhood  of  Loomis  made  jour- 
neys to  Sprague  f6r  their  supplies,  crossing  the 
Columbia  river  at  "Wild  Goose  Bill's"  ferry, 
in  canoes.  They  were  compelled  to  renio\-e  the 
wheels  from  their  wagons,  and  swim  their 
horses.  In  the  course  of  one  trip  there  were  no 
canoes  at  hand,  and  the  party  built  an  immense 
raft  of  cedar  driftwood,  at  Dancing  Bill  Bar. 
below  Foster  Creek,  with  which  they  safely 
made  the  crossing. 

Okanogan  county  was  named  after  the  lake 
in  British  Columbia,  directly  north  of  the 
county.  Prior  to  the  6o's  this  lake  was  known 
as  Kanogan.  an  Indian  word.  According  to  a 
story  related  by  the  late  "Okanogan"  Smith, 
the  change  in  the  word  was  effected  by  one 
O'Sullivan,  who  visited  the  country  in  the  early 
6o's  in  the  capacity  of  a  topographical  surveyor 
in  the  employment  of  the  British  government. 
He  made  investigations  in  various  parts  of  the 
northern  country,  and  for  several  months 
stopped  at  the  ranch  of  "Okanogan"  Smith. 
O'Sullivan  maintained  that  no  name  was  com- 
plete without  the  Irishman's  O,  and  he  deliber- 
ately proceeded  to  afiix  the  letter  to  Kanogan, 


49-' 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOX. 


and  the  name  has  been  thus  spelled  ever  since. 
Another  name  which  O'Sullivan  changed  to 
meet  his  peculiar  \ie\vs  was  that  of  Osoyoos 
lake,  headwaters  of  the  Okanogan  river,  which 
previous  to  the  time  of  the  erudite  O'Sullivan 
had  been  Soyoos  lake. 

By  the  Washington  Territorial  legislature 
of  1888.  one  year  previous  to  admission  of  the 
Territory  into  the  union,  Okanogan  county  was 
created  from  a  portion  of  Stevens  county.  Two 
years  before  this  period  mining  excitement  had 
risen  to  fever  heat,  a  number  of  lively  camps 
had  sprung  into  existence,  and  the  population 
was  unanimous  in  its  demand  for  the  formation 
of  a  new  county.  The  organic  act,  as  passed 
by  the  legislature  is  as  follows : 

An  Act  to  create  and  organize  the  Comity  of 
Okanogan. 

Be  it  enacted  by  tliis  Legislative  Assembly  of  the 
Territory  of  Washington: 

Section  i.  That  all  that  part  of  Stevens  county, 
beginning  at  the  intersection  of  the  49th  parallel  with 
the  range  line  between  ranges  31  and  32  east,  and  from 
thence  rimning  in  a  southerly  direction  on  said  range 
line  to  the  intersection  of  the  said  range  line  with  the 
Columbia  river,  and  thence  down  said  river  to  the  con- 
fluence of  Wenatchee  river  and  thence  up  the  said  river 
and  along  the  present  western  boundaries  of  Stevens 
county  to  the  49th  parallel  and  thence  on  the  said  par- 
allel to  the  place  of  first  beginning,  shall  be  and  consti- 
tute the  county  of  Okanogan. 

Sec.  2.  That  William  Granger,  Guy  Waring  and 
George  Hurley  are  hereby  appointed  a  board  of  county 
commissioners  with  power  to  appoint  all  necessary 
county  officers  to  perfect  the  organization  of  the  said 
county:  said  officers  to  serve  until  the  first  Monday  in 
l^Iarch,  1889.  or  until  their  successors  are  elected  and 
qualified,  and  also  with  the  power  to  locate  the  county 
seat  of  said  county  until  the  same  is  permanently  located 
by  an  election  ,is  hereinafter  provided.  That  said  com- 
missioners shall,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  said 
county,  meet  at  the  house  of  John  Perkins,  at  the  head 
of  Johnson  Creek,  in  said  county,  on  the  first  Tuesday 
in  March.  t888,  and  there  organize  the  said  county  and 
elect  the  oflicers  of  the  said  county  and  locate  tlie  county 
seat  temporarily  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

Sec.  3.  That  at  the  next  general  election  the  qual- 
ified voters  of  ,'aid  county  .shall  determine  the  location 
of  the  county  seat  for  said  county.  That  said  county 
seat  shall  be  located  at  a  place  receiviiig  the  highest 
number  of  votes  at  said  election.  That  the  said  elec- 
tion shall  be  held  in  every  way  and  under  the  same  pro- 
visions of   law   as   for  the   election   of  county   officers. 


That  the  sheriff,  auditor  and  proljate  judge  shall  con- 
stitute a  board  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  canvass  the 
votes  upon  said  question  of  location.  That  for  this  pur- 
pose they  shall  meet  upon  the  third  Tuesday  after  the 
election  at  10  o'clock  a.  m.,  at  the  office  of  the  county 
auditor  of  said  county,  and  proceed  to  canvass  said 
votes.  That  they  shall  thereafter  immediately  certify 
the  result  of  the  said  election  to  the  county  commis- 
sioners of  said  county,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  at  the  first 
regular  meeting  after  such  certificate  shall  be  filed  with 
the  clerk  of  the  said  board,  to  cause  the  county  seat  to 
be  removed  to  the  place  designated  in  the  said  certifi- 
cate, as  the  place  receiving  the  highest  number  of  votes 
at  said  election,  and  they  shall,  at  said  place,  provide 
officers  for  the  several  county  offices,  and  the  said  place 
receiving  the  highest  number  of  votes  shall  thereafter 
be  considered  for  all  purposes  as  the  county  seat  for 
said  county. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  justices  of  the  peace  and  con- 
stables who  are  elected  as  such,  in  the  precincts  in  the 
county  of  Stevens  included  in  the  territory  of  the  county 
of  Okanogan,  shall  be,  and  are  hereby  declared  justices 
of  the  peace  and  constables  of  the  said  county  of  Okan- 
ogan. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  county  of  Okanogan  is  hereby 
united  to  the  county  of  Stevens  for  legislative  pur- 
poses. 

Sec.  6.  All  special  laws  applicable  to  the  county  of 
Stevens,  shall  be  and  remain  equally  applicable  to  the 
county  of  Okanogan. 

Sec.  7.  The  county  of  Okanogan  shall  be  attached 
to  the  county  of  Spokane  for  judicial  purposes. 

Sec.  8.  That  all  the  taxes  levied  and  assessed  by 
the  board  of  county  commissioners  of  the  county  of 
Stevens  for  the  year  1887  upon  persons  or  property 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  said  count)-  of  Okanogan 
shall  be  collected  and  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the 
county  of  Stevens,  provided,  hozvcvcr,  that  the  said 
county  of  Stevens  shall  credit  said  county  of  Okanogan 
with  the  amount  of  money  collected  for  the  taxes  for 
said  year  from  the  persons  and  from  the  property  situ- 
ated within  the  boundaries  of  the  county  of  Okanogan 
in  the  adjustment  of  the  debt  of  the  said  county  of 
Stevens  between  said  county  and  the  county  (of) 
Okanogan,  and  the  surplus,  if,  any.  shall  be  paid  to 
the  county  of  Okanogan. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  county  commissioners  of  said 
county  immediately  upon  the  organization  thereof  shall 
take  steps  to  procure  a  transcript  of  all  records  of  the 
said  county  of  Stevens  appertaining  to  the  county  of 
Okanogan,  and  the  said  county  commissioners  shall  be 
authorized  to  hire  said  transcript  to  be  made  and  the 
person  so  employed  by  the  said  commissioners  shall 
have  access  to  the  records  of  Stevens  county  without 
cost,  for  the  purpose  of  transcribing  and  indexing  such 
portions  of  the  records  as  belong  to  the  county  of 
Okanogan,  and  such  records  shall  be  certified  as  correct 


i 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


493 


by  the  auditor  of  Stevens  county,  and  thereafter  shall  be 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  auditor  of  Okanogan  county  and 
shall  constitute  and  be  records  of  said  county  as  fully  as 
if  the  same  had  been  originally  made  therein,  and  the 
certificate  of  the  auditor  of  the  said  county  shall  be  ac- 
cepted in  any  court  of  law  or  in  any  legal  proceeding 
whatever  as  if  the  said  certificate  was  made  to  the  orig- 
inal record. 

Sec.  10.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  in  conflict  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  II.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force 
from  and  after  passage  and  approved  by  the  governor. 

Approved  February  2.  i888. 

In  accordance  witli  tlie  provisions  of  this 
act  the  ne\\l_v  appointed  coinmissioners  of  Oka- 
nogan count}-,  William  Granger,  Guy  Waring 
and  George  Hurley,  convened  at  the  ranch  of 
John  Perkins,  on  Johnson  creek,  wliere  they 
proceeded  to  complete  the  organization  of  Oka- 
nogan county.  This  was  on  March  6,  i888. 
Perkins"  ranch  was  aljout  four  miles  north  of 
the  flourishing-  town  of  Ruby,  between  Conco- 
nully  and  the  Okanogan  river.  Guy  Waring 
called  his  compatriots  together,  and  the  official 
oath  was  administered  to  the  trio  by  Notary 
Public  C.  H.  Ballard.  By  unaninious  vote  Guy 
Waring  was  elected  chairman  of  the  first  Ijoard 
i)f  commissioners  of  Okanogan  county.  C.  B. 
Bash  was  appointed  county  auditor. 

Before  proceeding-  to  the  appointn-ient  of 
other  county  officials  tiie  matter  of  the  tempo- 
rary location  of  the  county  seat  was  called  up. 
The  only  towns  of  any  prominence  at  that  pe- 
riod were  Ruby  and  Salmon  City  (the  latter 
being  renan-ied  Conconully  a  short  time  after- 
ward ) .  Both  Ruby  and  Salmon  City  were  con- 
testants for  county  seat  honors.  Two  liberally 
signed  petitions  were  presented  to  the  board, 
one  favoring  Salmon  City,  the  other  Ruby. 
The  citizens  of  Ruby  ofifered  to  provide  offices 
for  the  county  officials  free  of  cost  to  the  tax- 
payers should  their  town  be  named  as  the  capi- 
tal of  Okanogan  county.  On  the  other  hand 
Salmon  City  offered,  as  an  inducement  to  locate 
the  county  seat  at  that  place,  five  acres  of  land. 
Then  the  question  was  discussed  exhaustively, 
but  the  commissioners  not  being  able  to  reach 


an  agreement,  no  two  of  theni  being  particularly 
partial  to  either  one  of  the  proposed  locations, 
an  adjournment  was  hail  for  the  purpose  of 
viewing  the  prospective  sites,  which  w-as,  on  the 
whole,  a  most  sagacious  conclusion  at  which 
to  arrive. 

On  the  day  follow'ing  the  matter  was  again 
taken  up.  An  additional  petition  favoring  Ruby 
was  presented.  Her  citizens  had  not  remained 
inacti\-e  throughout  the  night.  A  letter  from 
D.  W.  Yeargin  expatiating  upon  the  advan- 
tages offered  by  Salmon  City  was  also  read. 
Quite  a  number  of  interested  citizens  from  both 
of  the  competing  towns  w-ere  present.  To  these 
Chairman  Waring  gave  every  opportunity  to 
present  their  respective  views.  Of  this  privi- 
lege Robert  Emery  and  Samuel  Lichtenstader 
availed  themsel\-es.  the  former  speaking  in 
favor  of  Salmon  City ;  the  latter  voicing  senti- 
ments friendly  to  Ruby.  The  room  was  then 
cleared,  and  the  commissioners,  going  into  ex- 
ecutive session,  proceeded  to  vote  upon  the 
question.  Messrs.  Hurley  and  Granger  cast 
their  ballots  in  favor  of  Ruby;  Mr.  Waring 
voted  for  Salmon  City.  Thus  Ruby  became  the 
original  capital  of  Okanogan  county.  On  the 
following  day  a  session  of  the  board  was  held 
in  that  tow'U ;  Perkin's  ranch  passed  on  to  a  his- 
torical niche  in  the  annals  of  the  county. 

Having  adjusted  the  county  seat  question, 
the  comi-nissioners  directed  their  attention  to  the 
completion  of  the  appointments  of  county  offi- 
cials to  serve  until  the  general  election.  Upon 
these  there  was  no  division  among  the  com- 
missioners :  their  votes  were  unanimous.  E.  C. 
Sherman  was  appointed  treasurer,  Philip  Per- 
kins, sherifif,  Frank  M.  Baum,  assessor.  J.  B. 
Price,  coroner,  A.  Malott,  county  school  super- 
intendent, and  C.  H.  Ballard,  probate  judge. 
The  office  of  surveyor  was  not  filled  at  this  time. 

At  the  first  meeting  in  the  new  county  seat, 
Ruby,  it  was  decided  that  for  the  time  being 
two  offices  were  all  that  would  be  required — 
one  for  the  auditor,  tw^enty  feet  square,  and  one 
for  the  sheriff.  iox20.     It  was  also  decided  to 


494 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


erect  a  county  jail,  "to  be  made  of  scantling, 
six  inches  wide,  and  two  inches  thick,  spiked 
together  with  spikes,  not  more  than  six  inches 
apart."  A  lease  was  taken  on  a  building  for 
county  ofifices  situated  on  lot  6,  l)lock  7,  on  Main 
street.  Ruby. 

At  the  general  election,  November  6,  1888, 
the  permanent  location  of  the  county  seat  was 
made.  The  popular  vote  showed  that  Concon- 
ully,  which  until  the  spring  of  this  year  had 
been  known  as  Salmon  City,  was  far  in  the 
lead  of  all  other  contestants.  The  vote  certi- 
fied to  by  the  canvassers  was :  Arlington,  i ; 
Salmon,  i;  Ruby,  157;  Conconully,  357. 
February  9,  1889,  the  county  records  were  re- 
moved from  Ruby  to  Conconully.  For  $25 
per  month  a  building  for  court  house  purposes 
on  lot  B,  block  36,  was  rented.  During  the 
winter  of  1889-90  a  jail  was  erected.  With 
the  expiration  of  the  lease  on  the  building  used 
for  court  house  purposes,  in  February,  1890, 
there  was  experienced  considerable  difficulty 
in  deciding  upon  another  suitable  for  the  serv- 
ice required  of  it.  A  number  of  propositions 
were  made  to  the  commissioners,  accompanied, 
also,  by  several  protests  and  counter  proposi- 
tions. It  was  finally  decided  to  rent  the  build- 
ing known  as  the  Lockwood  hotel,  together 
with  the  lot  upon  which  it  was  located,  for  the 
term  of  one  year,  at  a  stipulated  rental  of  $8 
per  mpnth  payable  in  county  warrants.  The 
lease  was  drawn.  Before  the  deal  was  closed, 
however,  in  anticipation  of  difficulty  in  obtain- 
ing possession  of  the  Lockwood  hotel,  the  com- 
missioners considered  seriously  the  proposition 
of  accepting  the  offer  of  H.  Beigle,  which  was 
for  the  sum  of  $1  to  lease  the  building  then 
occupied  by  the  county  officials  for  the  term  of 
two  years.  This  liberal  ofifer  was  supplemented 
by  another,  agreeing  to  furnish  the  building 
then  occupied  by  Mr.  Beigle  as  his  place  of 
business,  for  the  purpose  of  sessions  during 
the  terms  of  superior  court,  for  two  years.  Mr. 
Beigle  offering  to  vacate  the  premises  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  the  next  term  of  court. 


He,  also,  agreed  not  to  utilize  the  building  dur- 
ing the  term  of  two  years  for  the  saloon  busi- 
ness. All  this,  however,  came  to  naught,  for 
on  Monday,  December  8,  1890,  a  new  house 
was  secured  for  county  business,  the  records 
being  removed  into  Ballard  &  Carr's  building, 
for  which  a  monthly  rental  of  ten  dollars  was 
paid.  This  was  a  log  cabin  located  on  the 
ground  where  now  stands  the  Hotel  Elliott. 
May  31,  1 89 1,  another  removal  was  made  to 
lots  one  and  two,  block  H,  Conconully,  where 
the  official  home  of  the  county  has  since  re- 
mained. The  sum  of  $-2,495  "^^'^s  appropriated 
for  work  and  material  on  this  building  which 
thus  became  the  property  of  the  county.  Al- 
though no  publicity  was  given  to  the  matter 
at  the  time  the  result  has  been  eminently  satis- 
factory to  everybody,  and  proved  the  sagacity 
of  the  commissioners. 

At  the  session  of  the  first  state  legislature 
of  Washington,  during  the  winter  of  1889-90, 
two  bills  were  introduced  which  met  with  no 
little  opposition  from  the  citizens  of  Okanogan 
county.  One  of  them,  Senate  Bill  No.  106, 
was  fathered  by  Senator  Luce,  January  11, 
1890;  the  other,  House  Bill  No.  151,  was  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Hamilton.  The  former  bill 
required  a  mining  claim  to  be  surveyed  by  a 
deputy  United  States  mineral  surveyor  within 
three  months  from  the  date  of  location,  and 
further  provided  that  the  notice  of  such  claim 
should  be  immediately  recorded.  The  House 
Bill  of  Mr.  Hamilton  was  entitled  "An  Act  to 
secure  persons  and  animals  from  danger  aris- 
ing from  mining." 

Both  of  these  measures  were  deemed  inimi- 
cal to  the  best  interests  of  the  miners  of  the  en- 
tire state  as  well  as  Okanogan  county.  In  Con- 
conully notices  were  immediately  posted  calling 
for  a  mass  meeting  of  miners  and  citizens  in- 
terested to  be  held  at  Collins  hall,  Conconully, 
on  the  evening  of  March  19th.  At  this  meet- 
ing the  following  resolutions  were  passed  and 
the  subjoined  petition  forwarded  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  in  session  at  Olympia: 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


495 


We,  the  citizens  and  mine  owners  of  Okanogan 
county,  state  of  Washington,  on  this  19th  day  of  March, 
in  mass  meeting  assembled  do  ordain  and  resolve  as 
follows,  to  wit: 

Whereas,  We  believe  that  the  provisions  of  Senate 
bill  No.  106,  introduced  by  Senator  Luce  in  the  Senate 
January  11,  1890,  entitled  "An  Act  concerning  mines, 
and  declaring  an  emergency,"  and  House  bill  No.  151, 
iniroduced  by  Mr.  Hamilton  in  the  house  January  10, 
1890,  entitled  "An  Act  to  secure  persons  and  animals 
from  danger  arising  from  mining,"  are  inimical  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  state,  and  will  greatly  retard  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  mining  sections  therein, 
and, 

Whereas,  We  believe  that  a  great  majority  of  the 
prospectors  and  mine  owners  in  the  mining  portions  of 
said  state  can  not  comply  with  the  provisions  of  said 
act,  and, 

Whereas,  We  believe  it  to  be  a  great  injustice  to 
prospectors  and  miners  who  are  seeking  to  locate  the 
same,  and, 

Whereas,  We  believe  that  the  enactment  of  said 
laws  would  in  effect  greatly  retard,  if  not  wholly  stop, 
the  development  of  the  mining  portions  of  the  state,  so 
far  as  prospecting  for  mines  is  concerned,  and. 

Whereas,  The  existence  of  mines  is  only  known 
and  discovered  by  the  efforts  of  prospectors,  and  that 
their  interests  should  be  subserved  by  law,  and  that 
their  efforts  should  not  be  crippled  by  laws  unwhole- 
some   and   suicidal    to    their    interests,   and. 

Whereas^  We  believe  and  know  that  the  passage  of 
the  bills  referred  to  is  unwholesome  and  would  be 
suicidal  to  their  interests  and  to  the  interests  of  all  the 
people  residing  in  the  mining  districts.  And  now, 
therefore,  be  it  unanimously 

Resolved,  That  the  people  of  Okanogan  county  be 
requested  to  sign  petitions  directed  to  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  of  Washington  protesting  against  the  pass- 
age of  said  bills,  and  in  the  event  that  the  said  bills 
have  passed  and  have  not  yet  become  laws  by  virtue 
of  the  signature  of  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, then  and  in  that  event,  the  Governor  by  the  said 
petition  be  requested  to  veto  said  bills. 

E.  W.  LEE,  Cluiinnaii. 

F.  M.  BAUM,  Secretary  of  incetiiig. 

Following  is  the  form  of  the  petition  for- 
warded to  the  legislature : 

To    the   Honorable,    The    Legislature    of    Hie    Stale    of 

JVashington : 

We,  the  undersigned  resident  miners  and  mine 
owners  of  the  county  of  Okanogan,  do  respectfully  peti- 
tion your  Honorable  bodj'  to  not  pass  Senate  bill  No. 
106  introduced  by  Senator  Luce  in  Senate  January  11, 
iSqo,  entitled  "An  Act  concerning  mines  and  declaring 
an  emergency,"  and  House  bill   No.   151,   introduced  in 


the  house  by  Harry  Hamilton  January  10,  1890,  entitled 
"An  Act  to  secure  persons  and  animals  from  danger 
arising  from  mining,"  or  in  the  event  that  said  bills 
have  already  passed  and  not  yet  become  laws  by  virtue 
of  the  Governor's  signature,  we  respectfully  petition  the 
governor  to  veto  the  said  bills,  and  we  your  petitioners 
as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

Neither  of  these  objectional  bills  ever  be- 
came laws.  The  winter  of  1889-90  was  un- 
usually severe  and  stock  suffered  greatly.  Con- 
cerning this  "hard  winter"  the  Okanogan  Out- 
look, published  at  Conconully,  of  date  March 
22  says : 

"It  is  true  that  a  large  nutnber  of  stock 
have  perished  and  that  a  few  parties  have  lost 
almost  their  entire  bands.  But  the  fact  of  the 
matter  is  that  in  every  case  where  a  heavy  loss 
has  occurred  the  stock  has  been  what  is  termed 
'immigrant  stock.'  That  is,  stock  that  was 
driven  into  the  country  last  summer  and  fall 
and  had  not  become  accustomed  to  the  range. 
They  were  poor  and  in  no  condition  to  with- 
stand even  a  moderately  cold  winter.  Besides 
in  a  majority  of  these  instances  no  feed  had 
been  provided  and  no  preparation  made  for 
their  care  during  the  winter.  We  hope  the  ex- 
periences of  the  past  season  will  have  the  effect 
of  inducing  stock  men  to  take  the  precaution 
of  putting  up  a  quairtity  of  feed  every  year, 
and  if  it  is  not  needed  fdr  two  or  three  years 
let  it  accumulate  until  such  time  as  it  will  be 
needed.  Such  winters  as  the  last  have  occurred 
before  and  are  liable  to  occur  again.  That  is 
what  robs  the  profits  of  stock  raising  in  any 
country  and  must  be  guarded  against." 

Saturday,  December  27,  1890,  a  number  of 
delegates  from  the  surrounding  country  met 
at  Conconully  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a 
county  board  of  trade.  The  principal  object 
of  this  convention  was  to  devise  ways  and 
means  for  a  suitable  representation  at  the 
Chicago  World's  Fair.  At  that  period  it  was 
in  contemplation  to  hold  the  fair  in  1892,  but 
it  was  postponed  until  the  spring  of  1893. 
M.  G.  Barney  was  elected  president,  George 
Pfunder,  George  J.  Hurley,  W.  J.  Dorwin,  H. 


496 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Hamilton,  William  B.  Fisher,  I.  A.  Navarre, 
vice-presidents;  F.  M.  Bauni.  secretary,  Will- 
iam W.  Weeks,  treasurer.  :\Iessrs.  Barney. 
Baum,  Weeks,  Hurley  and  Yeargin  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  on  by-laws.  J.  C.  Love- 
joy,  J.  Neiderauer  and  George  Pfunder  were 
elected  delegates  to  the  state  meeting  of  county 
boards  at  Olympia,  January  u.  Governor 
Laughton  and  "Okanogan"  Smith  were  desig- 
nated to  co-operate  with  the  delegation  and 
elected  honorary  members.  The  delegates  were 
also  instructed  to  call  on  the  surveyor-general 
with  reference  to  surveying  agricultural  lands. 
The  charter  members  of  the  Okanogan  County 
Board  of  Trade  w-ere: 

J.  C.  Lovejoy.  D.  S.  Jones,  W.  J.  Dorwin, 
William  W.  Weeks,  Edward  Lathrop,  H.  C. 
Davis,  George  E.  Pfunder,  E.  C.  Sherman, 
R.  R.  Hargrove,  F.  M.  Baum,  J.  Neiderauer, 
C.  F.  Webb,  Maurice  Duvall,  S.  Lichtenstadter, 
Charles  Herrmann,  H.  Hamilton,  j\I.  G.  Bar- 
ney, F.  J.  Waterman,  George  J.  Hurley,  A.  H. 
Alford.  C.  F.  Hane,  J.  W.  Jewett,  T.  S.  Dick- 
son, F.  J.  Cummings,  S.  S.  Collins,  F.  M. 
Wright,  D.  W.  Yeargin,  Elmer  Lockwood,  R. 
H.  Redmond,  J.  C.  Robertson,  R.  D.  Seibert, 
Charles  Seibert. 

At  the  next  meeting,  Wednesday  e\ening, 
the  following  vice  presidents  were  elected : 
Okanogan  precinct,  H.  F.  Smith;  Toats  Coulee, 
George  H.  Noyes;  Salmon,  F.  J.  Waterman; 
Ruby,  W.  J.  Dorwin;  Loop  Loop,  J.  B.  Ton- 
kin; Johnson,  A.  J.  Squires;  Spring  Coulee, 
L.  C.  Malott;  Columbia.  D.  \V.  Yeargin; 
Upper  Methow,  F.  M.  Wright;  Lower 
Methow.  K.  K.  Parker;  Chelan,  I.  A.  Navarre; 
Entiat,  T.  J.  Cannon ;  Wenatchee,  C.  E.  S. 
Burch. 

It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  Okanogan 
County  Board  of  Trade  accomplished  much 
good.  Such  matters  as  the  securing  of  better 
mail  facilities  for  the  county,  the  clearing  of 
the  channel  of  the  Columbia  river  at  Rock 
Island  rapids,  the  transportation  question  and 
the  proposition  of   Seattle  to  assist  in  adver- 


tising mineral  resources  of  the  county  by  estal> 
lishing  a  mining  bureau  in  connection  w  ith  the 
Seattle  Chamber  of  Commerce  were  taken  up 
and  earnestly  discussed.  It  was  decided  by  the 
Okanogan  board  that  prompt  and  concerted 
action  in  connection  with  these  enterprises  was 
imperative  and  for  the  best  interests  of  the 
county.  Committees  were  appointed  and  in- 
structed to  carry  out  the  work  laid  down  by 
the  board.  All  took  hold  with  a  will,  and  al- 
though results  were  not,  in  each  case  all  that 
might  be  desired,  much  was  accomplished  that 
redounded  to  the  credit  and  benefit  of  the 
county  at  large. 

The  census  roll  of  1892  having  shown  a 
population  of  over  2,500,  on  August  16,  nt 
this  year,  the  county  was  classified  in  the  26th 
class.  Two  attempts  were  made  at  different 
periods  to  remove  the  capital  of  Okanogan 
from  Conconully  to  Chelan,  one  in  1894;  the 
last  in  1898.  At  these  periods  the  greater 
portion  of  the  present  Chelan  county,  was  in 
Okanogan  county,  and  therefore  the  town  of 
Chelan,  on  the  lake  of  that  name  was  eligible 
to  county  seat  honors,  and  with  sufficient  sup- 
port from  the  voters  i>:  the  territory  affected 
might  secure  it. 

October  2,  1894,  a  petition  signed  by  W.  S. 
Boyd,  et  al,  praying  for  the  removal  of  the 
county  seat  was  presented  to  the  Okanogan 
commissioners.  Following  is  the  text  of  the 
petition : 

"State  of  \Vashington,  County  of  Okanoga.i, 
ss :  To  the  honorable  Board  of  County  Com- 
missioners of  Okanogan  County,  State  of 
Washington : 

"Whereas  the  present  location  of  the  county 
seat  at  Conconully  is  so  far  removed  from  the 
center  of  population  and  so  nearly  inaccessible 
to  a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  said  county, 
and  believing  that  the  best  interests  of  the 
county  will  be  subserved  by  removing  the 
county  seat  to  a  more  central  location. 
the  undersigned,  electors  of  said  county, 
respectfully   petition   }-our   honoralile   body   to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


497 


order  and  advertise  an  election  to  be  held  at 
the  next  general  election,  to  submit  the  proposi- 
tion of  locating  said  county  seat  at  the  town 
of  Chelan  in  said  county  on  lot  numbered 
three  (3)  in  section  numbered  thirteen  (13), 
township  twenty-seven  (2^),  north  range 
twenty-two  (22),  E.  W.  M.,  and  as  in  duty 
bound  your  petitioners  will  ever  pray." 

Upon  completion  of  the  reading  of  this 
document  it  was  immediately  moved  by  Com- 
missioner Pogue  that  it  be  rejected.  The 
ground  upon  which  Commissioner  Pogue  based 
his  objection  was  insufficiency,  in  that  the 
petition  did  not  show  a  sufficient  number  of 
particulars  for,  the  removal  of  "any  town  or 
city,"  but  that  it  appeared  from  the  said  peti- 
tion and  other  competent  evidence,  that  the  lot 
to  which  it  was  prayed  that  the  county  seat  be 
removed  was  not  a  town  or  city.  Commis- 
sioner Pogue  desired  that  the  county  attorney 
prepare  a  form  of  order  denying  the  petition. 
It  will  be  observed  by  the  reader  that  the  peti- 
tion did  not  ask  for  the  removal  of  Conconully 
per  se,  as  suggested  by  Commissioner  Pogue, 
but  merely  its  official  charaterization  as  the 
capital  of  Okanogan  county. 

The  motion  of  Commissioner  Pogue  was 
seconded  by  Commissioner  Spader,  and  was 
unanimously  sustained,  Messrs.  Pogue,  Spader 
and  McGillivry  voting  in  the  affirmative.  Ex- 
ception to  the  action  was  at  once  filed  by  W.  A. 
Reneau,  Esq.,  representing  the  signers  of  the 
petition.  Concerning  the  proceedings  of  the 
Okanogan  county  commissioners  in  regard  to 
this  matter  the  record  reads  as  follows: 

"In  the  matter  of  the  petition  of  W.  S, 
Boyd  and  seven  hundred  others,  more  or  less, 
for  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  of  Okanogan 
county,  Wasington,  praying  the  board  of  coun- 
ty commissioners  of  said  county  to  submit  the 
proposition  of  locating  the  said  county  seat 
at  the  town  of  Chelan  in  said  county  on  lot 
numbered  3,  in  section  numbered  13.  township 
27  north,  range  22  E.,  W.  M. ;  now  on  this  2d 


day  of  October,  1894,  the  above  question  being 
under  consideration  by  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners, and  the  petitioners  appearing  by  Hon. 
W.  A.  Reneau,  and  the  commissioners  being 
advised  in  the  premises  by  their  counsel,  the 
county  attorney,  F.  W.  Hankey,  and  it  appear- 
ing to  the  board  from  the  petition  and  from 
authentic  plats  of  the  town  of  Chelan  and  lot 
No.  3,  section  13,  township  27  north,  range 
22  E.,  W.  M.,  that  the  said  lot  three  is  not  m 
the  town  of  Chelan,  and  is  no  part  of  any  town 
of  city  incorporated  or  unincorporated,  and  the 
board  having  found  by  unanimous  vote  that 
the  said  petition  should  be  rejected  upon  the 
grounds  that  it  does  not  appear  therefrom  that 
a  sufficient  number  of  qualified  voters  have 
prayed  for  a  submission  of  the  question  of  the 
removal  of  the  county  seat  to  any  city  or  town 
as  provided  by  law. 

"And  it  having  been  found  by  a  unanimous 
vote  that  the  petition  prays  for  the  submission 
of  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  to  a  parcel  of 
land  not  within  any  incorporated  or  unincor- 
porated town  or  city ;  the  counsel  for  petitioners 
having  been  heard  in  the  premises  and  the  ad- 
vice of  the  county  attorney  having  been  had; 
and  the  said  board  having  decided  by  a  unani- 
mous vote  that  the  said  petition  is  insufficient 
in  law  and  for  that  reason  was  rejected;  it  is 
therefore  ordered  that  the  same  be,  and  is  here- 
by denied  and  rejected." 

Thereafter  the  matter  of  county  seat  re- 
moval was  held  in  abeyance  four  years.  Dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1898  the  question  was  again 
sprung  upon  the  citizens  of  Okanogan  county. 
The  commissioners  were  presented  with  a  peti- 
tion signed  by  529  voters  asking  that  the  capital 
be  removed  to  Chelan  and  that  the  proposition 
for  such  removal  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of 
the  county,  the  question  to  be  decided  at  the 
succeeding  general  election.  To  the  commis- 
sioners the  petition  appeared  to  be  regular  in 
form.  It  contained  the  required  number  of 
signers,  and  the  same  was  granted,  the  propo- 


498 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


sition  being  ordered  to  be  submitted  to  the 
voters  at  the  general  election  to  be  held  in 
November,  1898. 

Meanwhile  the  question  of  a  division  of  the 
county  had  been  injected  into  the  discussion, 
and  this  fact,  of  course,  militated  against  the 
success  of  the  new  county  seat  "boomers."  It 
was  proposed  to  form  a  new  county,  partly 
from  the  territory  of  Okanogan,  to  be  called 
Chelan,  a  full  account  of  which  may  be  read 
in  the  history  of  Chelan  county.  On  the  day 
of  election  Conconully  won  at  the  polls  mainly 
through  the  apathy  of  voters  who  were  con- 
vinced that  a  division  of  the  county  was  im- 
minent. The  people  in  the  southern  portion  of 
the  county  were  on  the  eve  of  division  and  they 
did  not  support  the  proposition  for  removal  of 
the  county  seat.  The  vote  was,  for  removal 
253;  against  removal,  550,  divided  among  the 
precincts  as  follows : 

For.         Against. 

Okanogan    — ■  48 

Golden    i  10 

Similkameen    i  24 

Toats  Coulee  —  79 

Johnson  Creek   2  43 

Salmon   —  47 

Ruby     —  19 

Spring  Coulee  4  50 

Coiumbia     —  12 

Brewster    6  24 

Lower  Methow   S  19 

Silver    5  40 

Winthrop    10  45 

Squaw  Creek  10  3 

Chelan    89  i 

Lakeside    56  5 

Stchekin    6  — 

Wcnatchee    6  3 

Wtnatchee  Lake  27  38 

Meyers  Creek   i  19 

Toroda   i  21 

Enliat    23  — 

253  550 

In  July,  1899,  it  appeared  from  the  reports 
of  the  assessor  that  Okanogan  county  contained 
a  population  in  excess  of  4,000.  The  county 
was  raised  to  the  23d  class.  In  November  of 
this  year  the  question  of  county  di\'ision  was 


paramount.  News  was  received  that  Judge 
Neal,  holding  court  at  Davenport,  Lincoln 
county,  had  decided  that  a  new  county  to  be 
called  Chelan  could  be  formed.  To  this  propo- 
sition a  large  number  of  the  people  of  Okano- 
gan seriously  objected.  They  did  not  wish  to  be 
separated  from  the  Chelan  territory.  The  fol- 
lowing proceedings  of  the  county  commission- 
ers voice  the  sentiments  at  that  period  enter- 
tained by  a  large  number : 

"Whereas,  in  pursuance  of  the  act  relating 
to  the  creation  of  the  County  of  Chelan  from 
territory  now  principally  covered  by  Okanogan 
county.  His  Honor,  C.  H.  Neal,  Superior  Judge 
of  Okanogan  county ;  has  fixed  a  time  for  hear- 
ing thereof,  and  whereas  it  is  the  sense  of  a 
large  majority  of  the  people  of  this  county,  as 
we  believe,  that  such  division  as  contemplated 
by  said  act  would  be  a  detriment  and  unjust. 

"Be  it  resolved,  that  the  prosecuting  attor- 
ney be  requested  to  be  and  appear  at  said  hear- 
ing, and  at  such  other  hearings  as  may  in  fu- 
ture be  had,  and  for  and  on  behalf  of  Okanogan 
county  take  all  proper  and  lawful  means  to  pre- 
vent such  division  of  the  county  as  may  to 
him  seem  right  and  proper." 

For  a  time  the  commissioners  continued  to 
oppose  the  formation  of  the  new  county  of 
Chelan.  Attorney  H.  N.  Martin,  of  Davenport, 
Lincoln  county,  was  employed  by  them  as  spe- 
cial counsel  to  look  after  the  interests  of  Okan- 
ogan county.  An  enumerator  was  also  secured 
to  take  a  census  of  the  Methow  country,  as  it 
had  been  provided  by  the  proceedings  already 
had  in  the  matter  of  division  that  there  should 
be  at  least  4,000  inhabitants  left  in  Okanogan 
county  following  division.  Hence  the  Methow 
census.  But  January  17.  1900,  the  order  of 
the  commissioners  opposing  the  formation  of 
the  new  county  was  revoked  and  all  proceed- 
ings of  this  nature  were  dropped.  In  August 
of  this  year  a  settlement  between  the  counties 
of  Okanogan  and  Chelan  was  reachetl.  Chelan 
agreeing  to  pay  Okanogan  county  the  sum  of 
$77,000  in  county  warrants. 


CHIEF    JOSEPH. 


CHAPTER  II. 


PASSING    EVENTS,    1891-1903. 


In  the  early  part  of  January,  1891,  the  vicin- 
ities of  Conconully  and  Ruby  were  thrown  into 
wild  excitement  by  rumors  of  a  possible,  if  not 
probable,  uprising  of  the  Okanogan  Indians. 
The  attributed  incentive  for  this  was  for  the 
purpose  of  avenging  the  lynching  of  an  Indian 
boy,  named  Stephen,  by  a  party  of  white  men 
in  the  early  morning  hours  of  Thursday,  Janu- 
ary 8,  1891.  While  the  tragic  circumstances 
surrounding  the  affair  were  sufficient  to  create 
considerable  alarm  among  the  more  timid  of 
the  scanty  population  at  that  time  living  in  the 
county,  there  does  not  appear,  from  the  pres- 
ent historical  perspective,  to  have  been  any  im- 
minent danger  of  such  an  uprising  at  any 
period.  Three  lives,  however,  were  sacrificed, 
and  it  is  quite  probable  that  these  gruesome 
tragedies,  following  fast  upon  the  heels  of  each 
other,  inspired  the  citizens,  and  particularly 
the  women  of  the  communities  interested,  with 
the  wildest  alarms. 

Among  the  residents  near  Ruby  and  Con- 
conully in  1890-91  was  a  colony  known  as 
"Boston  men."  Early  in  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber, 1890,  a  "klootch"  on  the  Colville  Indian 
reservation  said  that  she  had  observed  that  a 
usually  sprightly  and  high-spirited  lad  about 
sixteen  years  of  age,  was  greatly  depressed  and 
mysterious  in  manner.  This  was  Stephen.  He 
appeared  sleepless,  unable  to  eat  and  generally 
downcast  and  melancholy.  It  was  only  after 
a  great  deal  of  persuasion,  according  to  the 
story  of  the  "klootch,"  accompanied  by  certain 
threats  naturally  appealing  to  the  superstition 
incident  to  Indian  character,  that  he  confessed 
that  he  lived  in  terror  of  his  life  as  he  had  killed 
a  "Boston  man,"  and  was  afraid  he  would  be 


caught  and  made  to  pay  the  penalty  of  his  crime. 
Stephen  said  that  he  was  with  a  friend  who  was 
attempting  to  grow  a  moustache.  Together 
they  had  met  a  freighter  who  had  ridiculed  his 
friend  and  told  him  that  he  would  soon  be  "All 
same  like  Boston  man."  His  friend  had  sworn 
vengeance  against  the  Boston  freighter,  declar- 
ing that  he  would  kill  him.  They  afterward 
came  upon  the  man  on  the  reservation  and,  on 
his  refusal  to  "potlatch"  them  some  tobacco 
his  friend  had  made  him  shoot  the  Boston 
man,  whose  name  was  S.  S.  Cole,  killing  him. 
They  had  then  "cached"  the  body  atout  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  away.  Since  then  remorse 
and  fear  had  preyed  upon  him  and  he  was 
forced  to  unbosom  himself. 

The  tenor  of  this  confession  finally  came 
to  the  ears  of  the  sheriff  of  Okanogan  county. 
He  dispatched  two  deputies  to  arrest  the  In- 
dians supposed  to  be  guilty  of  the  murder.  The 
latter  fled.  Then  ensued  a  long  pursuit  during 
which,  at  one  time,  one  of  the  Indians  lay  con- 
cealed beneath  a  pile  of  blankets  and  saddles 
upon  which  the  two  deputies  rested.  Finally 
the  two  deputies  separated,  but  one  of  them, 
Lee  Ives  continued  the  chase.  He  caught  the 
friend  of  Stephen  in  a  cabin  at  the  confluence  of 
Chiliwhist  Creek  and  the  Okanogan  river. 
While  Ives  was  atempting  to  arrest  the  Indian 
the  latter  shot  at  him  at  close  range.  Ives  re- 
turned the  fire  killing  his  man,  who  was  called 
Indian  John,  about  twenty  years  of  age.  It 
was  he,  who  according  to  young  Stephen's  con- 
fession, had  caused  him  to  kill  Cole. 

There  are  few  Indian  stories  devoid  of  some 
tincture  of  romance.  Captain  John,  the  father 
of  the  boy,   Stephen,  in  conversation  with  a 


500 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


resident  of  Ruby,  declared  that  the  boys  were 
innocent  of  tlie  murder  of  Cole.  He  said  that 
tlie  story  was  simply  a  wicked  machination  of 
the  "klootch,"  who  was  enamored  of  the  slain 
Indian ;  that  she  had  manufactured  the  alleged 
confession  of  Stephen  in  a  fit  of  jealous  anger. 

January  2,  Justice  of  the  Peace  Richard 
Price,  of  Ruby,  received  word  that  young  Ste- 
phen, the  Indian  boy  who  had  been  for  some 
time  wanted  for  the  assassination  of  S.  S.  Cole, 
was  at  Omak  Lake,  on  the  reservation,  and  that 
he  desired  to  give  himself  up.  In  the  chapel  of 
St.  Mary's  Mission  the  lad  was  found  sur- 
rounded by  forty  or  fifty  others,  and  a  pow-wow 
ensued.  It  was  finally  agreed  that  the  boy 
should  be  surrendered  and,  after  a  preliminary 
e.xamination,  released  on  bail.  Tuesday,  the 
5th,  Stephen  was  brought  to  Ruby,  and  turned 
over  to  the  sheriff,  who  carried  him  before  Jus- 
tice Fifield,  at  Conconully,  for  a  hearing.  The 
court  refused  bail  and  committed  Stephen  to  the 
county  jail.  A  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  im- 
mediately sworn  out  and  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  same  day  the  prisoner  was  examined  before 
United  States  Commissioner  George  J.  Hurley. 
IVI.  C.  Barney,  of  Conconully,  appeared  for  the 
defense.  The  court  ruled  that  the  prisoner  was 
entitled  to  bail  and  placed  the  amount  at  $1,000. 

Thursday  morning  following  twenty  horse- 
men swept  silently  yet  swiftly  through  the  town 
of  Ruby.  The  newly  fallen  snow  muffled  the 
sound  of  their  horses'  hoofs ;  the  slumber  of  the 
camp  was  not  disturbed  by  their  movements. 
Their  mission  was  an  errand  of  death.  This 
band  had  been  organized  in  the  vicinity  of 
Alma.  Arriving  at  Conconully  the  party  called 
on  the  jailor,  Thomas  Dickson,  and  compelled 
him  to  admit  them  into  the  steel  cage  where  the 
Indian  boy  was  confined.  He  was  taken  thence 
and  Dickson  locked  up  in  his  place.  The  close 
of  this  tragic  scene  was  at  the  foot  of  the  grade 
about  one-half  mile  from  Conconully.  The 
gibbet  was  a  large  tree  standing  by  Mr.  D.  J. 
McGillivery's  fence.  Here  the  lifeless  body  was 
left  swinging  in  the  frosty  air  of  early  morn ; 


the  executioners  quickly  disbanded.  The  victim 
of  this  lynching  was  only  an  Indian,  yet  he  was 
the  sole  one,  so  far,  to  suffer  the  death  penalty, 
either  legally  or  at  the  hands  of  vigilantes,  in 
in  Okanogan  county. 

Then  followed  the  "Indian  scare,"  a  feverish 
dream  which  was  subsequently  ridiculed  by  all 
persons  of  broader  judgment  and  less  excit- 
ability. In  the  east,  throughout  the  Dakotas,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  "Bad  Lands,"  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wounded  Knee,  Sioux  Indians 
had  been  ghost  dancing  and  participating  in 
the  superstition  of  the  "Messiah  craze."  Alarm 
had,  consequently,  extended  west ;  the  muttered 
threats  of  Okanogan  "braves"  were  taken  for 
much  more  than  they  were  worth ;  the  wings  of 
rumor  carried  many  direful  prognostications ; 
the  press  from  Spokane  to  the  International 
Boundary  swelled  the  fateful  chorus. 

The  day  following  the  hanging  of  Stephen, 
friends  came  in  after  the  body.  George  i\Ionk 
was  engaged  to  carry  it  to  the  Indian  reserva- 
tion. An  Indian  by  the  name  of  Smitkin  ac- 
companied him.  He  was,  doubtless,  the  most 
influential  "tyee"  among  the  Okanogans.  The 
simple  funeral  cortege  was  met  by  a  party  de- 
scribed as  "hostiles."  It  is  stated  with  little 
indication  of  probability  that  Smitkin  had  the 
task  of  his  life  to  prevent  the  killing  of  Monk. 
But  the  Indians  sullenly  admitted  that  Monk 
was  pretty  badly  scared.  He  passed  the  night, 
however,  in  safety,  and  in  the  morning  he  antl 
Smitkin  returned  to  the  Okanogan  river.  For 
two  days  the  obsequies  of  Stephen  were  accom- 
panied by  dancing.  Old  Loop  Loop  was  mas- 
ter of  ceremonies.  No  white  men  were  present ; 
their  movements,  whether  hostile  or  peaceful 
cannot  be  definitely  given ;  it  is  known  only  that 
for  two  days  and  nights  dancing  continuetl.  .\t 
the  termination  of  that  period  the  remains  of 
Stephen  were  buried  in  the  Catholic  cemetery 
at  Omak  Lake.  This  dancing  resulted  in  send- 
ing sixteen  of  the  bravest  of  the  Okanogan  trilje 
I  to  Dakota.  On  this  occasion  there  was  a  good 
"potlatch;"  thirty-two  of  the  best  Cayuses  to- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


501 


gether  with  ample  "chickamun,"  blankets  and 
other  valuable  commodities  were  provided  for 
their  expedition.  And  then  the  more  timorous 
spread  the  story  that  Messiah  had  already  ap- 
peared to  the  Indians  once  and  that  on  his  sec- 
ond appearance  they  would  not  again  dance, 
but  would  take  the  warpath,  drive  off  the 
"Bostons"  and  regain  their  lost  lands. 

The  territory  tributary  to  the  town  of  Ruby 
was  supposed  to  be  in  the  greatest  danger.  The 
city  council  held  a  special  session  at  which  it 
was  decided  that,  so  alarming  was  the  situa- 
tion, a  call  should  be  made  for  assistance.  The 
following  telegram  was  prepared  and  sent  to 
Acting  Governor  Charles  Laughton,  Mr.  Irwin 
Baldwin  serving  as  courier: 

"Owing  to  the  lynching  of  Indian  prisoner 
at  Conconully,  Indians  are  congregating  in 
very  threatening  manner.  Lives  of  settlers  and 
citizens  are  in  danger.  Send  troops  if  possible 
at  once.  Petition  by  mail.  George  J.  Hurley, 
Mayor;  W.  J.  Dorwin,  C.  F.  Webb.  H.  A. 
Huntley,  J.  W.  Jewett,  councilmen." 

Subsequently  a  detached  petition  signed  by 
a  large  number  of  responsible  citizens  of  Okan- 
ogan county  was  forwarded  to  Olympia,  read- 
ing as  follows : 

'■Ruby,  Okanogan  County,  Washington, 
January  10,  1891  : 
"To  His  Excellency,  Governor  Charles  Laugh- 
ton,  Olympia,  Washington: 

"Sir : — Events  are  transpiring  in  our  midst 
that  demand  prompt  action.  Therefore  we 
respectfully  petition  you  as  the  executive  of  this 
state  to  send  to  us  troops,  also  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion. This  we  ask  may  be  done  without  any 
delay.  You  know  our  defenseless  state.  At 
this  moment  there  are  fewer  men  and  more 
women  and  children  here  than  at  any  time  dur- 
ing our  history.  Our  reasons  of  this  pressing 
request  are  these : 

"A  short  time  since  a  white  man  by  name 
of  Cole  was  murdered  on  the  verge  of  the  reser- 
vation. Two  of  his  murderers  have  been  taken ; 
one  endeavored  to  kill  the  officer  when  being  ar- 


rested and  in  self  defense  the  officer  shot  him 
dead.  The  other  was  arrested  and  placed  in 
jail,  but  on  the  night  of  January  8,  persons  un- 
known to  us  did  by  force  take  the  prisoner  from 
jail  and  hang  him  until  dead. 

"The  people  who  did  this  are  wholly  un- 
known. It  is  unnecessary  to  say  we  do  not  ap- 
prove of  the  act ;  but  it  has  brought  down  on  us, 
who  are  innocent,  the  threatened  vengeance  of 
the  dead  Indian's  relatives  and  friends  and 
other  Indians,  who  have  been  in  the  late  dance 
on  the  reserve,  and  at  this  time  they  are  gather- 
ing in  force  near  Cumming's  ferry.  If  we  were 
supplied  with  arms  and  ammunition  and  our 
families  and  those  of  others  were  not  here  we 
would  not  ask  aid ;  but  aid  we  must  have. 

"Every  indication  is  that  there  will  soon  be 
dirty  work  here.  Settlers  on  the  Okanogan  are 
asking  for  reinforcements  tonight.  Old  Indian 
fighters  here  say  the  signs  are  serious.  Send  us 
aid  and  avert,  if  possible,  this  threatened  cat- 
astrophe to  these  settlements.  The  probable 
force  of  Indians  we  may  have  to  contend  with 
will  be  about  400  bucks.  The  number  now  col- 
lected i->  about  TOO  fighters." 

Yet  within  less  than  a  week  from  the  time 
this  appeal  was  forwarded  to  Acting  Governor 
Laughton  the  people  in  the  section  involved  had 
arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the  alleged  Indian 
demonstration  was  simply  a  "scare."  In  fact 
the  Okanogan  Outlook  admitted  as  much,  say- 
ing on  January  16,  1891  : 

"It  is  not  at  all  likely  that  there  will  be  any 
serious  trouble  with  the  Indians  at  this  season 
of  the  year,  and  we  do  not  apprehend  that  an 
outbreak  will  occur  at  this  time.  The  Indians 
have  been  sullen  and  apparently  "out  of  sorts" 
for  some  time  past,  and  no  doubt  have  contem- 
plated, or  at  least  have  had  some  idea  of  making 
the  whites  trouble,  but  we  do  not  believe  that 
they  intend  to  make  any  demonstration  until 
spring.  The  lynching  of  the  boy  Stephen  un- 
doubtedly greatly  excited  and  angered  them, 
and  for  a  time  under  their  excitement  there  is 
no  doubt  that  danger  of  immediate  action  upon 


502 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


their  part  existed,  and  we  do  not  believe  that 
tliey  have  wholly  abandoned  the  idea,  and  our 
citizens  should  be  on  their  guard  at  all  times  and 
not  relax  their  watchfulness." 

At  Olympia  the  affair  was  regarded  more 
seriously.  The  following  dispatch  was  received 
by  the  Sf'okcsDiaii-Rcz-icz^',  published  at  Spo- 
kane, and  printed  January  1 1 . 

Olympia,  Jan.  lO. — The  official  information  of  the 
Indian  trouble  in  Okanogan  county  was  contained  in  a 
dispatch  received  this  afternoon  by  Acting  Governor 
Laughton  from  the  sheriff  and  county  commissioners  of 
Okanogan  county.  Upon  receipt  of  the  report  Gov- 
ernor Laughton  summoned  Adjutant  General  O'Brien 
and  a  conference  was  held.  The  governor  thought  that, 
as  the  appeal  for  aid  had  come  from  such  a  high  source, 
something  should  be  done,  and  it  was  decided  to  ship 
200  stand  of  arms  and  ammunition  tomorrow. 

Governor  Laughton  then  notified  Brigadier  General 
Curry,  of  Spokane  Falls,  by  telegraph  that  the  arms 
would  be  sent,  and  told  him  to  see  that  they  were  deliv- 
ered to  the  chairman  of  the  Okanogan  county  commis- 
sioners and  receipted  for.  He  was  explicit  in  his  in- 
structions that  there  should  be  no  bloodshed  unless 
necessary,  but  peace  must  be  preserved  at  all  hazzards. 
Governor  Laughton  thought  that  the  disaffection  would 
be  over  in  a  few  days.  He  said  it  would  not  be  difficult 
to  put  down  an  uprising  among  the  Okanogans,  but  if 
they  were  determined  to  fight  they  would  send  out 
couriers  and  enlist  British  Columbia  Indians  in  their 
cause.    In  that  event  there  was  much  to  fear. 

Representative  Smith,  of  Okanogan,  received  a  tele- 
gram requesting  him  to  call  on  Governor  Laughton  and 
urge  him  to  send  arms.  He  did  so,  and  the  governor 
assured  him  that  steps  had  already  been  taken.  Speaking 
about  the  disaffection  Representative  Smith  said  to- 
night : 

"The  Indians  who  threaten  to  go  on  the  warpath 
are  the  Okanogons.  who  live  on  the  Colville  reservation, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan  river.  They  have 
always  been  peaceful,  took  no  stock  in  the  Messiah 
craze,  and  all  the  trouble  has  been  caused  by  the  lynch- 
ing of  the  murderer,  which  I  think  was  very  unwise. 
The  Indians  number  150.  If  Chief  Moses  and  Chief 
Joseph,  who  have  as  much  influence  among  them  as 
Sitting  Bull  had  among  the  Sioux,  join  them,  their 
numbers  would  be  increased  to  between  300  and  400, 
and  if  the  British  Columbia  Indians  take  their  part  they 
will  have  nearly  a  thousand.  I  doubt  very  much  whether 
Moses  or  Joseph  will  urge  them  to  go  on  the  warpath, 
as  they  had  no  end  of  troi'ble  in  their  day  and  were 
punished  by  the  government.  If  prompt  action  is  taken 
there  is  nothing  to  be  feared." 


General  A.  P.  Curry  and  staff'.  Lieutenant 
White,  Byron  Swingler,  Frank  Howard  and 
Mr.  Westren,  accompanied  by  Sheriff  Rush 
and  posse  who  met  the  general's  party  at  the 
Columbia  river,  arrived  in  Conconully  Satur- 
day evening,  January  17.  They  brought  180 
guns  and  3,000  rounds  of  ammunition  which 
were  turned  over  to  the  chairman  of  the  board  of 
county  commissioners.  General  Curry  and 
party  remained  in  Conconully  over  Sunday  and 
left  Monday  morning  for  the  reservation  to 
hold  a  pow-wow  with  the  Indians.  Indian 
Farmer  Thomas  had  been  instructed  to  call  the 
Indians  together  for  a  conference  with  the 
general  on  Tuesday,  and  a  large  number  of 
them  congregated  opposite  Cummings  for  that 
purpose. 

General  Curry  reported  that  the  Indians 
strenuously  denied  any  intention  of  going  on 
the  warpath,  and  the  following  is  his  report  to 
County  Commissioner  McGillivery : 

"Dear  Sir :  We  had  a  conference  today  on 
the  reservation  with  about  seventy  Indians, 
including  all  the  chiefs  in  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try. They  were  told  through  the  interpreter 
by  me,  that  the  bringing  of  guns  into  the  coun- 
try did  not  mean  war,  but  to  insure  peace.  That 
the  white  people  were  determined  to  defend 
their  homes  and  if  there  was  any  outbreak  on 
the  part  of  the  Indians,  there  would  be  a  war  of 
extermination :  that  the  citizens  and  state 
troops,  and  if  necessary  the  regular  army, 
would  make  short  work  of  them.  But  if  they 
behaved  themselves  and  controlled  their  young 
men,  the  whites  would  treat  them  kindly  and 
no  soldiers  would  be  brought  in.  That  they 
must  discontinue  their  dances  and  stop  carry- 
ing giins,  except  when  hunting,  and  do  all  in 
their  power  to  assist  in  ferreting  out  white  men 
or  Indians  who  sold  liquor  to  the  Indians. 

"To  all  the  above  a  sacred  pledge  was  ex- 
acted from  chiefs  and  all  young  bucks  present. 
They  promised  to  take  no  further  action  in  re- 
gard to  the  hanging  of  the   Indian    Stephen, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


503 


and  make  no  threats,  but  let  tlie  matter  entirely 
rest  for  the  action  of  the  courts.  I  am  entirely 
satisfied  from  the  earnest  way  in  which  this 
matter  was  discussed,  pledges  exacted,  earn- 
estness of  the  answers,  that  all  of  these  prom- 
ises will  be  carried  out  in  good  faith.  So  they 
well  understand  that  if  they  break  these  pledges 
to  me,  that  no  mercy  will  be  shown  to  them  and 
the  entire  tribe  will  be  held  responsible  for  the 
action  of  any  of  its  members.  I  have  pledged 
for  the  white  people  kind  treatment  to  the  In- 
dians, and  also  their  assistance  to  bring  to  jus- 
tice those  who  so  far  forgot  themselves  as  to 
sell  liquor  to  an  Indian,  and  I  earnestly  request 
that  the  citizens  of  Okanogan,  as  well  as  Doug- 
las county,  use  their  best  endeavors  to  carry 
out  these  promises. 

"Yours   respectfully, 

"A.  P.  CURRY. 
"Brig.  Gen.  Com'd..  N.  G.  W. 
"Per  J.  J.  White,  A.  A.  W." 

The  outcome  of  this  Okanogan  Indian  ex- 
citement is  summed  up  by  the  Outlook  as  fol- 
lows : 

"It  is  probably  a  fact  that,  as  usual,  the 
vigalantes  made  a  mistake  and  hanged  the 
wrong  man  when  they  stretched  the  boy  Ste- 
phen up  by  the  neck  a  few  weeks  ago.  It  has 
cropped  out  that  the  lynchers  supposed  that 
another  Indian  (not  Stephen)  had  been  ar- 
rested and  was  confined  in  jail,  and  working 
upon  that  hypothesis  enacted  that  dreadful 
tragedy.  There  is  now  but  little  doubt  that 
the  real  murderer  of  Cole  is  still  at  large  and 
the  fact  is  probably  as  well  known  to  the  lynch- 
ers as  any  one  else — a  fact  which  will  probably 
not  be  conducive  to  pleasant  dreams." 

The  failure  of  Okanogan  county  to  secure 
public  surveys  became  a  source  of  grevious 
complaint  in  1891.  For  this  failure  there  were 
many  reasons  assigned.  One  of  them  was  that 
the  many  petitions  forwarded  from  citizens  of 
the  county  were  not  drawn  in  accordance  with 
instructions  from  the  land  department.  An- 
other reason  advanced,  and  one  apparently  di- 


rectly opposed  to  the  facts,  attributed  the  delay 
to  the  "apathy  and  indifl:'erence"  of  settlers  in 
forwarding  any  petitions  whatever.  It  is  quite 
likely  that  the  former  reason  is  the  most  plau.s- 
ible.  Therefore  County  Auditor  Baum  took 
it  upon  himself  to  see  that  new  sets  of  affidavits 
and  petitions  were  prepared  conforming  strict- 
ly to  instructions  of  the  land  commissioner. 
This  action  was  in  compliance  with  the  fol- 
lowing letter  to  the  etlitor  of  the  Okanogan 
Outlook: 

Olympia.  Wash..  Feb.  26,  1891. 
"Dear  Sir :  I  am  adx'ised  by  our  congress- 
man, Hon.  John  L.  Wilson,  that  the  delay  in 
securing  a  survey  and  extension  of  the  stand- 
ard lines  in  Okanogan  county  is  caused  largely 
by  the  apathy  and  indifiference  of  settlers  in 
forwarding  their  petitions  for  such  survey.  If 
through  the  columns  of  your  paper  you  can 
present  the  matter  to  our  citizens  and  urge  the 
necessity  of  an  immediate  compliance  with  the 
rules  of  the  department  respecting  their  peti- 
tions, I  believe  that  by  combined  effort  we  can 
have  a  large  corps  of  United  States  surveyors 
in  Okanogan  county  during  the  coming  sum- 
mer. To  this  end,  pray  command  me  at  all 
times. 

"I   have  the   honor  to  be,   very   sincerely, 
your  obedient  servant, 

"Charles  E.  Laughton." 
The  matter  not  only  received  attention  in 
Okanogan  county,  but  the  people  of  Spokane 
became  interested.  There  were  many  Okano- 
gan property  owners  in  the  latter  city.  The 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Spokane  thre\\-  its 
influence  in  favor  of  early  surveys.  In  reply 
to  a  letter  from  John  R.  Reavis,  secretary  of 
the  Spokane  Chamber  of  Commerce,  asking 
for  information  as  to  the  status  of  public  sur- 
veys in  Okanogan  county,  the  surveyor  general. 
Thomas  H.  Cavanaugh,  replied  at  length.  He 
said  that  everything  possible  had  been  done  to 
extend  the  surveys  in  Okanogan  county  in  or- 
der to  meet  the  necessities  and  convenience  of 
the  settlers  of  that  countv.     He  added  that  the 


504 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


surveyor  general  \vas  invested  witli  neither 
power  nor  discretion,  simply  acting  as  a  trans- 
mitting medium  of  the  Interior  Department  at 
Washington,  D.  C.  Without  a  petition  from 
the  settlers  in  any  given  township,  such  as  in 
its  preparation  complied  with  the  instructions 
of  the  department,  no  surveys  whatever  could 
be  considered,  no  matter  what  might  be  the 
wishes  of  the  surveyor  general  or  the  needs  of 
the  settlers.  The  status  of  the  surveys  in 
Okanogan  county,  ^Ir.  Cavanaugh  said,  was 
this: 

The  districts  containing  the  settlements 
were  distant  and  not  connected  with  the  exist- 
ing public  surveys  already  completed.  Accord- 
ing to  the  instructions  of  the  department,  the 
township  desiring  to  be  surveyed  must  be  con- 
nected with  the  existing  public  surveys,  or  no 
application  for  a  survey  could  be  considered. 
Therefore  the  settlers  in  Okanogan  county  had 
been  advised  to  petition  the  land  office  there,  as 
required  by  law,  but  such  petitions  as  had 
been  received  were  not  drawn  in  accordance 
with  instructions. 

Apparently  Surveyor  General  Cavanaugh 
was  not  in  the  least  to  blame  in  this  matter. 
He  had  made  a  straightforward  statement, 
which,  however,  plainly  exposed  the  red  tape 
of  the  department  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
let  it  go  at  that.  He  could  do  nothing  further. 
Representative  John  L.  Wilson,  seems  to  have 
taken  the  same  view  of  the  matter.  He  appears 
to  have  investigated  the  matter  of  surveys  in 
the  state  of  Washington,  and  ascertained  why 
they  had  not  been  made.  A  special  to  the 
Spokcsman-Rcvic'd'.  of  Spokane,  dated  Febru- 
ary 26.  says: 

"He  (Wilson)  says  he  is  strongly  of  the 
opinion  that  the  peculiar  methods  of  Inspector 
Horbinson.  now  investigating  surveyor,  are  the 
cause.  From  an  examination  of  the  records 
here  it  looks  as  if  Cavanaugh  had  done  every- 
thing possible  to  secure  surveys.  He  has  made 
application  to  extend  the  base  and  standard  lines 
in  Okanogan  county,  and  was  refused  by  the 


commissioners  of  the  general  land  office.  It 
was  absolutely  necessary  that  these  lines  be  ex- 
tended before  the  township  lines  could  be  made. 
The  instructions  sent  to  Cavanaugh  by  the  land 
office  have  been  very  explicit,  and  he  has  had 
to  follow  them  in  spite  of  all  the  demands  of 
the  people." 

In  March,  1891,  the  people  of  Okanogan 
county  were  rejoicing  over  the  supposed  fact 
that  the  greatly  desired  surveys  would  soon  be 
made.  Only  those  interested  in  such  matters 
can  fully  appreciate  the  inconvenience  suffered 
by  settlers  by  the  injustice  perpetrated  by  the 
government  in  regard  to  this  important  branch 
of  the  Interior  Department.  No  settler  felt 
justified  in  making  improvements  on  land  which 
might  be  taken  from  him  on  the  completion  of 
a  survey.  Consequently  the  growth  of  Okano- 
gan county,  as  well  as  many  other  portions  of 
the  state  of  Washington,  was  greatly  retarded. 
The  Okanogan  Outlook  jubilantly  said : 

"The  settlers  of  the  Methow  and  Okanogan 
rivers  and  the  people  generally  throughout  the 
county  are  jubilant  over  the  prospect  of  hav- 
ing the  public  surveys  made  this  summer.  The 
surveys  of  the  standard  or  base  lines  have  al- 
ready been  ordered,  and  this  work  will  probably 
be  commenced  without  further  delay.  Settlers 
have  been  notified  to  make  application  for  sec- 
tion lines  and  subdivisions,  and  as  soon  as  this 
has  been  properly  attended  to  it  is  promised 
that  these  surveys  will  also  be  ordered  and 
made." 

But  again  were  the  people  doomed  to  disap- 
pointment; Surveying  projects  dragged  their 
slow  length  along  in  the  dusty  corridors  of  the 
Interior  Department  at  Washington.  Promises 
were  made  which  were  not  fulfilled  for  years. 
The  Okanogan  county  settlers  continued  to 
suffer.  Even  Surveyor  General  Cavanaugh 
was  fed  with  false  hopes.  In  a  letter  addressed 
to  County  Auditor  Baum,  dated  February  13, 
1892,  he  says: 

"I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  20th 
ultimo  with  seven  combined  petitions  and  affi- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


505 


da\-its  for  the  survey  of  townships  32,  N.  R.  24 
E,  which  are  placed  on  file  for  due  considera- 
tion. I  expect  to  award  contracts  for  surveys 
in  Okanogan  county  for  the  following  town- 
ships:  Townships  28  and  34  N.  R.  21  E., 
townships  28  and  ^^  N.  R.  22  E.,  townships  32 
and  36  N.  R.  24  E,  and  township  33  N.  Ranges 
25  and  26  E,  the  surveys  to  be  complete  the 
coming  summer." 

For  nearly  two  years  Mr.  Baum  had  been 
actively  engaged  in  trying  to  bring  about  the 
surveying  of  the  agricultural  portions  of  the 
county.  Consequently  this  letter  was  eminently 
satisfactory;  but  it  was  in  the  nature  of  an 
ignis  fatuus.  Nothing  was  accomplished  "the 
coming  summer,"  as  suggested  in  the  letter  of 
Mr.  Cavanaugh.  The  settlers  of  Okanogan 
county  were  doomed  to  bear  their  disappoint- 
ment as  best  they  could.  These  long  promised 
surveys  became  a  "hope  deferred  which  maketh 
the  heart  sick."  Agricultural  properties  were 
involved  in  exasperating  complexity.  And  the 
Interior  Department  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
slumbered  on.  But  at  last  the  hopes  of  the  set- 
tlers were  rewarded  with  fruition.  September 
30,  1893,  the  following  appeared  in  the  Out- 
look: 

"E.  D.  Hooker,  of  Spokane,  who  was 
awarded  the  contract  for  township  36,  range 
24,  came  in  Wednesday  with  a  crew  of  men  and 
established  a  camp  about  three  miles  north  of 
town.  This  is  the  township  which  embraces 
Lieut.  Governor  Laughton's  stock  ranch  and 
D.  E.  Wilson's  saw-mill  site.  It  is  situated 
north  and  west  of  Conconully,  the  southwest 
corner  being  about  a  mile  from  town.  There 
were  to  be  several  other  townships  surveyed  this 
fall,  but  there  seems  to  be  a  hitch  in  the  pro- 
ceedings somewhere  and  the  season  is  now  so 
far  advanced  that  contracts,  if  they  were  let, 
could  not  be  completed  this  fall." 

Indeed  there  was  a  "hitch  in  the  proceed- 
ings :"  several  of  them  had  occurred  since  agi- 
tation for  land  surveys  nearly  three  years  since. 
From  this  time  on  the  work  proceeded  in  a 


desultory  manner,  and  one  by  one  the  settlers  of 
Okanogan  county  came  into  their  own ;  arrived 
at  a  condition  in  which  an  energetic  govern- 
ment department  could  have  placed  them  years 
before,  and  saved  much  time  and  wasted  oppor- 
tunities. 

The  increase  of  the  taxable  property  in  the 
county,  as  shown  by  a  statement  published  in 
September,  1891,  was  considered  quite  encour- 
aging. The  value  of  all  the  property  in  the 
county,  assessed  for  the  year  1890,  was  only 
$460,000  against  $790,616 'for  1891,  an  in- 
crease of  nearly  72  per  cent.  This  was  nearer 
the  full  valuation  of  the  property  than  had  ever 
before  been  obtained.  The  tax  rolls  as  finally 
corrected  by  the  board  of  equalization,  gave  the 
following  values  of  property  throughout  Okan- 
ogan county:  For  Ruby  the  total  valuations 
were  $81,763;  for  Conconully,  $97,761.  Real 
estate  was  shown  to  be  as  follows : 

Farm  lands,  $56,937 ;  improvements  on 
farm  lands,  $4,470;  patented  mines,  $16,500; 
Northern  Pacific  railway  lands,  $11,112;  im- 
provements on  mines,  $1,000;  Ruby  real  estate, 
$42,069;  Conconully  real  estate.  $27,592;  Che- 
lan Falls  real  estate,  $72,075 ;  Loop  Loop  real 
estate,  $28,095.  This  gave  a  total  valuation 
for  the  real  estate  of  the  county  of  $258,850. 
The  number  and  value  of  all  stock  assessed  was 
as  follows:  3,647  horses,  valued  at  $125,323; 
5,740  cattle  valued  at  $111,740;  158  hogs. 
$831.     Total  valuation,  $237,894. 

The  value  of  improvements  on  lands  held 
under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  was  $113.- 
486.  The  value  of  all  other  personal  property 
was  $180,363.  There  were  201  men  who  were 
heads  of  families  and  entitled  to  an  exemption 
of  $300  each.  The  rolls  showed  43  Indians 
who  paid  taxes  on  a  valuation  of  $31,313. 
There  were  also  two  Chinamen  on  the  rolls. 
The  rolls  further  showed  that  162  people  paid 
taxes  on  an  assessed  valuation  of  $558,859. 
leaving  530  people  to  pay  taxes  on  $231,757. 

In  1892  the  pernicious  practice  of  "lot  and 
claim  jumping"  obtained  an  ascendancy  in  the 


5o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


county  that  evoked  violent  protest.  The  matter 
cuhiiinated  in  February  when  an  incUgTiation 
meeting  was  held  in  Loomis,  on  the  i6th,  and 
the  following  resolutions  adopted  : 

We,  the  miners,  prospectors  and  business  men  of 
Okanogan  county  in  mass  meeting  at  Loomis,  Washing- 
ton, do  ordain  and  resolve  as  follows: 

Where.as,  Certain  ill-disposed  persons  have  re- 
cently come  among  us,  and, 

Where.^s,  By  their  actions  since  they  came  have 
endeavored  to,  and  have  to  a  certain  degree,  caused  dis- 
sensions and  strife  to  arise  among  the  hitherto  peaceably 
disposed  people'  of  the  town  of  Loomis  and  vicinity, 
greatly  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  all  the  people  of 
Okanogan  county,  and  particularly  to  the  interests  of 
the  people  of  the  town  of  Loomis, 

Whereas,  Said  persons  have  by  artifice  and  fraud 
jumped  and  caused  to  be  jumped  certain  mining  claims 
upon  which  large  and  extensive  work  is  being  done 
and  have,  by  trickery  and  fraud  endeavored  to  jump  the 
townsite  of  Loomis  and  thereby  greatly  jeopardizing  the 
interests  of  innocent  purchasers  and  holders  of  prop- 
erty within  said  town,  and. 

Whereas,  We  believe  that  if  said  evil  disposed  per- 
sons are  allowed  and  permitted  to  continue'  in  their 
nefarious  designs,  great  and  irreparable  injury  will  re- 
sult to  the  business  interests  of  said  town,  and  many 
honest  miners  and  laborers  will  be  thrown  out  of  em- 
ployment.    Therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we  deprecate  said  action  upon  the 
part  of  said  evil  disposed  persons,     .''ind  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  we  utterly  condemn  and  look  with 
disfavor  upon  all  unlawful  endeavor  to  dispossess  the 
rightful  owners  of  any  mining  and  other  property  of  the 
citizens  of  said  county,  and  that  we  will  ever  lend  our 
aid  and  support  in  every  honest  and  lawful  endeavor  to 
suppress  said  lawlessness,  and  that  we  utterly  despise 
and  condemn  the  professional  jumpers  and  seekers  after 
blood-money  by  compelling  honest  holders  of  property 
to  buy  off  and  pay  said  jumpers  money  for  their  un- 
lawful holdings,  and  we  do  hereby  request  the  said  evil 
disposed  persons,  townsite  and  claim  jumpers,  for  mer- 
cenary purposes,  to  at  once  repair  the  wrong  they  have 
done  to  the  rightful  owners  of  the  Black  Bear  and  other 
mining  claims. 

In  addition  to  the.'^e  resolutions  the  prime 
movers  of  the  industry  of  "lot  jumping"  were 
requested  to  leave  the  country,  which  they  did. 
Their  friends  and  co-workers  were  given  to 
understand  that  any  continuance  of  the  troulile 
would  not  be  tolerated. 

June,  1894,  will  be  memorable  from  a  series 


of  disasters  by  floods.  The  Similkameen,  Col- 
umbia and  Fraser  rivers  reached  the  highest 
mark  known,  with  the  exception  of  Indian 
traditions,  which  the  settlers  of  this  county  had 
long  since  discovered  were  quite  unreliable. 
Fences,  hay,  dwellings  and  barns  in  the  Similk- 
ameen valley  were  floated  off.  Nearly  every 
stream  in  the  county  lost  bridges,  and  great 
damage  was  done  throughout  the  county.  The 
northern  portion  of  the  state  suffered  generally, 
and  railway  communication  was  paralyzed. 

The  month  of  May,  1894,  witnessed  the  or- 
ganization, at  Conconully,  of  a  "Taxpayers' 
League."  The  association  was  non-political, 
and  the  objects  to  be  attained  are  set  forth  «i 
the  following  petition  for  signatures : 

"We,  the  undersigned  taxpayers  of  Okano- 
gan county,  believe  the  present  stringent  times 
and  the  e.xisting  financial  condition  of  the 
county,  call  for  a  more  economical  administra- 
tion of  the  afifairs  and  finances  of  the  county, 
and  for  the  encouragement  of  economy  in  pub- 
lic expenses,  the  promotion  of  efficiency  and 
honesty  in  the  various  departments  of  the  coun- 
ty offices,  to  regulate  taxation  and  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  manner  of  keeping  the  county 
records,  and  to  enforce  the  operation  of  law 
and  seclire  better  legislation  on  many  matters, 
hereby  become  members  of  an  organization  to 
be  known  as  the  'Taxpayers'  League  of  Okan- 
ogan County,  Washington,'  the  object  of  which 
is  to  secure  the  benefits  above  enumerated." 

Peter  Coutts,  living  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Similkameen  river,  three  miles  north  of  Wyan- 
dotte' Mill,  was  ambushed  on  the  public  road 
Monday,  August  23,  1897.  and  shot  to  death 
by  an  unknown  assassin.  It  is  stated  that  in 
March,  1896,  Coutts  had  shot  and  killed  one 
George  Stringham,  in  the  course  of  a  quarrel 
over  a  piece  of  land,  although  there  appeared 
nothing  definite  at  the  inquest,  which  was  held 
at  Loomis,  to  connect  the  two  murders.  .\n 
examination  into  the  killing  of  Coutts  was  held 
before  Justice  of  the  Peace  William  Bnines. 
It  was  developed  at  the  inquest  that  the  Imllet 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


507 


struck  about  one  and  one-half  inches  below, 
and  to  the  right  of  the  right  nipple,  passing 
through  the  body  and  coming  out  below  the  left 
shoulder.  The  coroner's  jury  comprised  Joseph 
Linton,  James  Henderson,  Chauncey  Riggs, 
C.  H.  Brown,  John  Cutchine  and  A.  B.  Dins- 
more.  Peter  Coutts  was  born  in  Scotland, 
coming  to  America  in  1863.  In  1S80  he  re- 
moved to  Dakota  before  the  di\-ision  of  the 
Territory  and.  organization  into  states.  He  set- 
tled in  Okanogan  county  in  1892  and  was  fifty 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  left 
a  widow  and  six  children.  The  verdict  of  the 
jury  was  as  follows  : 

"We,  the  undersigned,  coroner's  jury,  find 
that  the  deceased,  Peter  Coutts,  came  to  his 
death  by  a  gunshot  wound  inflicted  by  a  g^m 
in  the  hands  of  a  person  unknown,  who  was 
concealed  in  the  cabin  of  the  late  George  String- 
ham,  at  about  5  :30  o'clock  a.  m.,  August  2^, 
1897." 

During  the  month  of  November,  1897, 
pneumonia  became  quite  prevalent  among  the 
Indians.  With  the  tribes  along  the  Okanogan 
river,  on  the  reservation,  its  ravages  were  par- 
ticularly severe.  Although  this  malignant  dis- 
ease is  not  unusual  among  them  it  commenced 
its  run  much  earlier  this  season.  At  all  periods 
of  the  year  the  Indian  carelessly  exposes  himself 
and,  as  a  rule,  does  not  receive  the  careful  at- 
tention absohitely  necessary  for  the  safety  of 
the  patient  in  such  serious  cases. 

July  6.  1898,  the  International  Mining  Con- 
gress convened  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  To 
this  important  convention  involving  questions 
of  the  deepest  moment  to  the  mining  interests 
of  the  country  the  delegation  from  Okanogan 
county  comprised  George  H.  Noyes,  of  Loom- 
is  :  Charles  H.  Ballard,  of  Conconully,  and  De- 
witt  C.  Britt,  of  Chelan. 

The  "blizzard"  of  1898  was  one  that  will 
not  soon  pass  from  the  remembrance  of  the 
citizens  of  Okanogan  county.  Sunday,  Trmn- 
ary  1 1 ,  snow  began  falling  accompanied  by  a 


heavy  wind  out  of  the  north.  This  continued 
three  days  and  nights,  with  hardly  a  moment's 
intermission.  For  any  length  of  time  it  was 
impossible  to  travel  in  any  direction.  Ther- 
mometers indicated  fifteen  degrees  below  zero. 
In  all  directions  mail  routes  were  blockaded 
causing  a  delay  of  three  days  in  the  reception  of 
mail  from  outside  points.  Throughout  the 
countv  the  storm  was  general.  The  Concon- 
ully stage  arrived  at  Loomis  in  a  badly  demor- 
alized condition;  horses  nearly  perished:  driver 
and  passengers  coated  with  ice.  A  similar 
condition  attended  the  arrival  of  the  Oroville 
stages  from  each  direction.  The  Virginia  City 
letter  mail  was  taken  to  Conconully  Monday  on 
horseback.  Tuesday  it  failed  entirely.  This 
storm,  it  was  claimed  by  the  older  resident, 
was  the  worst  since  the  winter  of  1892-3, 
and  its  severity  has  not  since  been  duplicated. 
On  the  latter  date  the  weather  conditions  were 
much  colder,  the  mercury  dropping  to  thirty- 
five  degrees  below  zero.  It  was  stated  in  Loom- 
is  that  for  the  period  of  two  days  and  nights  a 
majority  of  the  citizens  of  that  town  did  not 
go  to  bed,  but  passed  the  time  feeding  stoves 
with  fuel  and  trying  otherwise  to  make  them- 
selves comfortable. 

During  this  storm  of  1898  stock,  unless  un- 
der shelter,  suffered  intensely.  With  its  abate- 
ment snow  was  piled  high  in  many  places,  some 
of  the  drifts  being  ten  feet  in  height.  In  all 
directions  roads  were,  practically,  impassable. 
Between  Conconully  and  Loomis  snow  was 
drifted  sufficiently  solid  to  nearly  bear  the 
weight  of  a  horse.  Two  men  leaving  Loomis 
for  Oroville  succeeded  in  getting  but  half  way 
there  when  they  were  compelled  to  abandon  the 
trip  for  the  time  being.  On  the  road  between 
Loomis  and  Conconully,  after  the  storm,  a  stage 
driver  was  forced  to  leave  his  team  and  break 
out  a  mile  and  a  half  of  passage  way  through 
the  snow  over  a  grade  that  had  been  drifted  full. 
So  badly  filled  were  the  roads  south  of  Concon- 
ully that  the  mail  carrier  passed  three  hours  of 


5o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


one  night  wandering  over  the  immense  flat 
north  of  Scotch  Creek  searching  for  a  road,  all 
traces  of  which  were  nearly  obliterated. 

This  severe  winter  of  1897-8  was  followed 
in  the  spring  by  floods  of  unusual  proportions. 
In  May  and  June  the  rainfall  throughout  Okan- 
ogan county  was  most  copious.  A  steady  and 
heavy  downfall  for  forty-eight  hours  culmin- 
ated in  a  flood  exceeding  that  of  any  within  the 
memory  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  the  country. 
At  the  close  of  the  forty-eight  hours  mentioned 
the  rain  gauge  of  the  recorder  showed  that  3.3 
inches  had  descended  within  that  period.  All 
the  mountain  streams  were  high  above  their 
banks,  tearing  great  ruts  in  hill  and  plain.  The 
Sinlahekin  gained  a  greater  elevation  than  was 
ever  before  recorded.  From  the  nature  of  the 
country  through  which  this  and  similar  streams 
course  no  extensive  damage  was  done  to  prop- 
erty other  than  carrying  away  bridges.  At  the 
"Loomis  ranch"  the  stream  became  a  lake  and 
the  highest  water  mark  of  1894  was  exceeded. 
For  several  days  thereafter  all  roads  were  near- 
ly impassable  with  vehicles ;  mails  were  brought 
in  on  horseback.  Such  continuous  rainfall  ma- 
terially afifected  the  Similkameen  and  Okanogan 
rivers.  Salmon  river  was  exceedingly  high 
and  nearly  all  bridges  were  carried  down  the 
swollen  stream.  Scarcely  an  inhabitant  in  the 
various  towns  affected  by  the  flood  retired  to 
rest  for  several  nights,  remembrance  of  the 
flood  of  1894  arousing  fears  that  it  might  be 
duplicated. 

Friday,  February  10,  1899,  Mary  Smith  and 
Tenas  Martin,  Indians,  were  drowned  in  the 
Okanogan  river,  near  Osoyoos  Lake.  Mary 
was  the  first  wife  of  "Okanogan"  Smith,  from 
whom  he  had  separated ;  Martin  was  an  Indian 
boy.  Mary  Smith  had  continued  to  reside  on 
the  "Okanogan"  Smith  ranch  after  his  death  at 
Olympia,  and  it  appeared  that  she  held  in  her 
own  name  the  title  to  the  property.  Mary  and 
Martin  had  left  the  ranch  in  a  buggy  bound  for 
Oroville.  The  fatal  accident  was  not  witnessed 
bv  anv  one.  but  on  the  dav  following,  Satur- 


day, an  Indian  came  into  Oroville  and  inquired 
if  Mary  and  Martin  had  arrived  in  the  town. 
They  had  not  done  so  and  an  investigation  fol- 
lowed with  the  result  that  the  buggy  was  fished 
out  of  the  river.  No  trace  could  be  found  of 
the  Indians.  Thoughout  the  county  Mary 
Smith  was  well  known  and  was  a  familiar  fig- 
ure on  the  streets  of  many  of  the  small  towns 
in  the  northern  part  of  Okanogan  county. 

The  same  year  another  Indian  fatality  oc- 
curred in  the  vicinity.  Alexander  Pointer,  a 
half-breed  twenty-five  years  of  age  accident- 
ally shot  and  kiled  himself  Monday,  October 
2;^.  at  his  ranch  on  the  Okanogan  river.  He 
attempted  to  draw  a  revolver  from  his  pocket 
when  the  hammer  caught  and  the  weapon  was 
discharged.  The  ball  entered  his  right  hip 
coming  out  over  the  left  hip  at  his  back.  He 
lived  only  a  short  time. 

The  United  States  census  of  1900  gave 
Okanogan  county  a  population  of  4,689,  divided 
as  follows  among  the  fifteen  precincts  and  In- 
dian reservation : 

Brewster    259 

Columbia    109 

Golden    63 

Johnson  Creek  275 

Lower  Metho w     240 

Ulyer's  Creek   480 

Okanogan    1 74 

Salmon  River  272 

Silver    Methow    366 

Similkameen   95 

Spring  Coulee 219 

Squaw   Creek   59 

Toats  Coulee   808 

Toroda   Creek    148 

Winthrop     39? 

Colville  Indian   Reservation    (part  of)  ...  .  724 

Total    4.689 

The  result  of  this  census  raised  Okanogan 
to  a  county  of  the  22d  class.  Owing  to  the 
sparsely  settled  condition  of  Okanogan  coun- 
ty, (the  census  of  1900  showing  less  than  one 
inhabitant  to  the  square  mile),  and  the  moun- 
tainous condition  of  the  countrv,   for  several 


I 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


509 


years  past  it  has  been  the  rendezvous  of  a  num- 
ber of  desperate  characters.  There  is,  also,  an 
excellent  class  of  people,  industrious,  enter- 
prising citizens,  and  by  no  one  is  this  fact  de- 
plored more  deeply  than  by  them.  Many  mur- 
ders have  been  committed  in  the  county  and 
seldom  have  the  murderers  been  brought  to  jus- 
tice. Organized  bands  of  horse  and  cattle 
thieves  have  operated  in  the  county  in  the  past. 
Thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  cattle  have  been 
driven  off  and  disposed  of  without  conviction 
of  the  guilty  parties.  While  these  wholesale 
raids  have  been  carried  on  other  "rustlers" 
were  operating-  on  a  smaller  scale.  It  has  al- 
ways been  a  difficult  matter  to  secure  evidence 
sufficient  to  convict  the  guilty  parties  because 
of  fear  of  future  vengeance  from  members  of 
the  band  who  were  carrying  on  this  land  piracy. 
Since  1901  the  "war  for  the  range"  between  the 
cattle  and  sheep  men  has  given  the  county  au- 
thorities considerable  trouble.  Prior  to  1901 
the  ranges  of  Okanogan  county  were  occupied 
almost  exclusively  by  cattlemen.  Since  then, 
however,  about  50,000  sheep  have  been 
driven  onto  the  Okanogan  range.  The 
band  of  sheep  belonging  to  Frank  Clerf, 
which  runs  the  range  in  the  Okanogan 
valley  to  the  south  of  Oroville,  con- 
tains about  30,000.  The  first  act  of  violence 
intended  to  drive  Mr.  Clerf  and  his  band  of 
sheep  from  the  country  was  perpetrated  in  1901, 
shortly  after  his  arrival  in  the  country.  At  that 
time  seven  hundred  tons  of  his  hay  was  burned. 
Letters  were  received  by  many  of  the  ranchers 
significant  in  their  wording,  the  common  form 
being.  "Sell  no  hay  to  sheep  men."  Enclosed 
in  these  letters  would  be  matches.  Mr.  Clerf 
still  continues  to  occupy  the  range.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1903,  two  hundred  tons  more  of  his  hay 
was  burned,  although  the  property  was  guarded 
night  and  day. 

In  the  spring  of  1903  occurred  an  incident 
illustrating  the  determination  of  certain  parties 
to  rid  the  county  of  sheep.  C.  C.  Curtiss  had  a 
band  of  about   1,200  sheep  in  the  vicinity  of 


the  town  of  Alma,  on  the  Okanogan  river. 
These  were  visited  by  a  party  of  armed  men 
who  entered  the  corral  where  the  sheep  were, 
and  with  clubs,  axes,  guns  and  other  weapons 
killed  nine  hundred  of  the  animals.  Evidence 
sufficient  to  convict  any  of  the  perpertators  has 
never  been  secured. 

Following  is  the  report  of  the  Washington 
State  Fish  Commissioner,  issued  in  1902,  con- 
cerning the  Methow  Fish  Hatchery : 

"This  plant  was  erected  in  the  year  1899, 
and  has  a  capacity  of  about  3,000,000  fry.  It 
was  beautifully  located  on  government  land  at 
the  junction  of  Twisp  Creek  and  Methow  river, 
in  the  village  of  Twisp,  Okanogan  county.  For 
the  last  two  seasons  it  has  proved  a  very  suc- 
cessful plant.  Upon  my  first  visit  of  inspection 
of  the  plant  I  found  one  of  the  best  systems  of 
gravity  supply  in  the  state,  but  upon  investiga- 
tion discovered  that  the  state  had  no  right  or 
title  to  the  water  supply,  and  I  immediately 
went  to  work  to  perfect  the  state's  title  to  this 
important  feature  of  our  hatchery,  with  satis- 
factory results,  when  I  discovered  that  th.e  state 
land  to  perfect  that  state's  title  to  this  important 
feature  was  located,  from  sale,  and  that  Mrs. 
Phebe  E.  Zenor  had  filed  a  homestead  entry  on 
the  premises.  I  have  been  negotiating  the  en- 
tire year,  or  since  I  discovered  the  condition  of 
the  title,  with  Mrs.  Zenor,  for  some  kind  of  a 
settlement  that  would  be  satisfactory  to  the 
state,  but  my  labors  so  far  in  that  direction  have 
been  without  fruitful  results,  and  just  what 
will  be  the  outcome  of  the  matter  I  am  not  at 
this  time  prepared  to  state,  but  am  in  hopes 
that  a  settlement  may  be  perfected  whereby  the 
state  will  not  be  any  great  loser  from  this  enter- 
prise. The  amount  expended  for  maintenance 
for  the  year  from  November  i,  1901,  to  No- 
vember I,  1902,  was  $1,461.95.  The  output 
for  the  season  of  1902  was  $2,969,350." 

The  year  1902  witnessed  the  cultivation  of 
about  2,500  acres  of  land  in  Okanogan  county 
on  what  is  known  as  the  "North  Half"  of  the 
Indian  reservation.     At  the  nominal  yield  of 


5IO 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


furty  busliels  per  acre  east  Okanogan  would 
have  produced  one  hundred  bushels  of  grain. 
But  this  it  did  not  do  owing  to  the  fact  that 
fully  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  land  in  ques- 
tion was  devoted  to  hay  crops.  In  1900  no 
sock  was  permitted  to  graze  east  of  the  Okan- 
ogan river,  with  tlie  exception  of  such  as  be- 
longed to  Indians.  The  assessment  roll  of 
ic)02  carried  about  2,500  head  of  cattle,  5,000 
head  of  horses  and  20,000  sheep  in  this  local- 
ity, really  a  wonderful  increase  in  so  short  a 
period.  In  1898  the  population  of  eastern 
Okanogan  (between  Ferry  county  and  the 
Okanogan  river)  numbered  about  four  hvin- 
dred.  In  1902  the  local  census  reports  carried 
a  few  over  sixteen  hundred,  showing  an  in- 
crease of  over  four  hundred  per  cent,  within 
four  years.  The  amount  of  personal  property 
listed  exceeded  $250,000. 

With  the  exception  of  ore  shipments  and 
a  comparatively  small  number  of  exported  cat- 
tle Okanogan  industries  have  always  been  lim- 
ited to  the  local  markets.  Originally  it  was 
settled  as  an  exclusively  mining  country;  its 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  were  scattered 
around  among  a  heterogeneous  mixture  of  In- 
dian tribes  in  the 'form  of  "reservations;"  rail 
transportation  \vas  absolutely  nil ;  for  years  the 
apparent  disadvantages  to  settlers  seemed  in- 
surmountable. 

As  we  have  said  the  first  sparks  of  industry 
were  struck  from  the  mineral  beds  of  the  coun- 
try. Originally  mining  topics  comprised  the 
bulk  of  conversation  between  the  pioneers  of 
the  country.  The  first  towns  were  mining 
camps ;  Ruby,  Conconully,  Loomis,  Golden  and 
Oro;  these  names  significantly  indicated  that 
the  precious  metals  were  at  that  early  period 
uppermost  in  the  public  mind  and  constantly  in 
\iew  before  the  public  eye.  Rapid  strides  were 
made  in  the  country's  development.  It  was, 
indeed,  on  a  most  limited  scale  that  agriculture 
was  first  undertaken.  Mainly  it  consisted  in 
the  production  of  hay  and  vegetables  for  the 
hiime  market.     A   few  engaged  in   freighting 


supplies  or  growing  produce  for  the  subsistence 
of  miners.  Large  bands  of  cayuses  haunting 
the  ranges  were  considered  of  little  value.  Min- 
ing was  the  one  subject  of  general  interest. 

Small  wonder  is  it,  then,  that  the  memorable 
panic  of  1893  fell  with  severity  upon  the  indus- 
trial resources  of  Okanogan  county.  The  sharp 
decline  in  the  value  of  silver  presaged  a  finan- 
cial depression  that  drove  many  out  of  the 
various  districts  of  Okanogan  county;  and 
filled  with  deep  forbodings  the  hearts  of  those 
remaining  dependent  wholly  upon  outside  cap- 
ital for  sustenance.  Upon  the  limited  number 
of  agriculturists  then  in  the  county  the  distress 
incident  to  the  mining  industry  immediately  re- 
acted. Practically  business  in  the  entire  Okan- 
ogan region  was  suspended.  Dazed  by  the 
heavy  misfortunes  of  their  brothers  in  affliction 
— the  miners — those  devoted  to  agriculture 
considered  it  simply  misapplied  lalxjr  to  culti- 
vate crops  of  any  description.  Truly  these 
were  "the  times  that  tried  men's  souls"  in  Okan- 
ogan county.  "The  summer  soldier  and  the 
sunshine  patriot"  stole  eastward,  or  sought  the 
Pacific  coast  in  search  of  manual  employment 
— an  opportunity  to  exist. 

But,  happily,  some  were  made  of  sterner 
stuff.  And  there  were  underlying  causes  and 
effects  that,  eventually,  redounded  to  the  advan- 
tage of  the  farmer — the  squatter,  in  fact — 
upon  the  unsur\'eyed  lands  of  Okanogan 
county.  While  he  could  assume  no  rights  under 
the  homestead  laws,  neither  had  he  any  taxes 
to  pay.  His  land,  or  "squatter's  equity,"  as  it 
might  be  termed,  could  not  be  rnortgaged :  but 
he  could  graze  immense  herds  on  the  nutritious 
bunch  grass.  Gradually  he  discovereil  that 
these  cattle  had  gained  an  excellent  reputation 
in  eastern  points  and  he  could  market  them  on 
the  hoof.  The  Okanogan  farmer  began  to  view 
conditions  in  a  new  and  rather  more  favorable 
light.  Up  to  this  point  it  had  been  impossilile 
for  him  to  get  \-ery  deeply  into  debt  owing  to 
the  fact  that  he  lived  on  unsurveyed  lantl  as 
impossible  to  mortgage  as  it  was  to  homestead. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


He  had  been  compelled  to  practice  rigid  econ- 
omy. A  few  years  more  and  the  farmer  began 
to  forge  ahead.  The  future  assumed  a  rosier 
aspect.  The  land  having  been  surveyed  he 
could  now  enter  it  under  the  homestead  laws; 
he  took  new  bearings — took  stock  of  himself — 
and  cast  about  for  long  neglected  opportuni- 
ties. He  fenced  land,  erected  more  substantial 
buildings ;  cropped  more  acreage;  his  little  band 
of  cattle  gradually  yet  surely  increased  in  num- 
ber ;  he  disposed  of  more  beeves ;  he  directed  his 
attention  to  fruit. 

Coupled  with  all  these  improvements  in  his 
fortunes  there  came  a  revival  in  the  mining 
industry.  Again  money  flowed  into  the  coun- 
try for  investment ;  local  enterprises,  particu- 
larly those  of  Slate  Creek  and  Republic,  af- 
forded him  a  fairly  remunerative  market  for  his 
produce,  and  all  in  all  the  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  entered  a  new  and  more  favorable  era 
following  the  dark  clouds  that  had  swept  across 
the  financial  horizon  of  1893.  To-day  the 
Oganogan  farmer  is  thrifty,  careful  and  econ- 
omical. Debts  which  he  contracts  are,  as  a  rule, 
judiciously  entered  into  for  the  purpose  of  sub- 
stantial improvements;  he  has  sagaciously 
planned  to  meet  them  at  maturity. 

On  the  evening  of  Monday,  September  14, 
1903,  a  meeting  was  held  in  Conconully,  the  os- 
tensible purpose  of  which  was  to  bring  about 
an  amicable  understanding  between  the  cattle 
and  sheep  men  of  Okanogan  county;  to  draw 
lines  marking  the  territory  to  be  occupied  by 
tlieir  respective  interests  and  to  set  aside  a  strip 
of  land  such  as  would  enable  sheep  owners  to 
travel  with  their  flocks  between  summer  ranges 
and  winter  quarters.  This  meeting  was  thinly 
attended.  Several  prominent  cattle  men  were 
there,  but  unfortunately  sheep  men  were  not 
represented  at  all,  and  practically  the  convention 
was  without  result.  Still,  a  number  expressed 
themselves  as  being  in  sympathy  with  the  ob- 
ject of  the  meeting,  and  a  resolution  was  passed 
requesting  the  chairman,  Mr.  Wilder,  to  cor- 
respond  with    leading    representatives    of '  the 


sheep  industry  requesting  them  to  fix  a  date  on 
which  they  would  meet  with  the  cattle  men, 
for  the  purpose  of  a  full,  fair  and  candid  discus- 
sion of  the  subject.  But  so  far  there  has  been 
no  result. 

Until  October,  1903,  it  had  not  been  pos- 
sible to  deliver  goods  on  the  Okanogan  river 
abov^  Brewster  except  by  the  primitive  ox-team 
method.  Thus  a  vast  and  fertile  country  was, 
practically,  inaccessible.  Friday,  October  16, 
the  first  steamboat  to  navigate  the  upper  Okan- 
ogan river,  "The  Enterprise,"  made  its  initial 
trip.  For  the  merchants  of  the  upper  country 
the  boat  brought  up  a  cargo  of  twenty  tons  of 
freight.  Heretofore  steamers  had  navigated 
the  Okanogan  six  or  eight  weeks  only  during 
the  high  water  of  spring.  From  the  head  of 
navigation.  Riverside,  the  return  trip  of  "The 
Enterprise"  was  an  ovation.  This  boat  was 
built  at  Wenatchee  by  H.  S.  De  Puy  and  Will 
Lake,  of  Seattle.  She  was  financed  and  owned 
by  Captains  Frank  Reed  and  George  Ostenberg, 
residents  of  Alma,  and  was  constructed  ex- 
pressly for  the  Okanogan  trade  between  Brew- 
ster and  Riverside.  "The  Enterprise"  is  eighty- 
six  feet  long,  seventeen  foot  beam  and  three  and 
one-half  feet  in  depth  of  hold,  and  thoroughly 
equipped  for  freight  and  passenger  service. 
Messrs.  Reed  and  Ostenberg  own,  also,  the 
flourishing  mills  at  Alma,  on  the  Okanogan 
river.  They  built  the  boat  that  they  might  have 
access  to  the  grain  warehouses  on  the  Columbia 
river  and  lower  Okanogan  all  the  year  round. 
The  placing  in  commission  of  "The  Enterprise" 
means  a  saving  of  ten  cents  per  hundred  pounds 
on  freight  to  the  merchants  of  Conconully,  and 
as  much  as  twenty-five  to  thirty  cents  per  hun- 
dred pounds  to  those  of  Loomis  and  other  min- 
ing camps  and  towns. 

In  1903  Okanogan  county  had  a  population 
of  7,660,  according  to  the  annual  report  of  the 
state  board  of  statistics.  This  report  is  com- 
piled from  the  school  census  taken  by  the  difl^er- 
ent  school  clerks.  The  population  of  the 
county  according  to  the  United  States  census  of 


512 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1900  was  4,689.  This  signifies  a  gain  of  2,971 
within  three  years,  or  63.3  per  cent,  and  there 
were  nine  counties  only  in  the  state  which 
showed  a  larger  per  cent,  of  gain  than  Okan- 
ogan. 

As  shown  by  the  rolls  of  July,  1903,  the  as- 
sessment of  Okanogan  county  was  $26,788  less 
than  double  that  of  1900,  but  had  the  amount 
belonging  to  exempted  persons  and  not  assessed 
been  taken  into  account,  the  difference  would 
have  been  more  than  wiped  out.  Within  three 
years  the  county  increased  at  least  one  hundred 
per  cent  in  wealth.  The  steady  increase  in  the 
number  of  persons  taxed  in  the  interim  between 
1900  and  1903  indicates  that  this  was  not  the 
result  of  a  sudden  influx,  or  of  anything  ap- 
proaching the  nature  of  a  "boom."  In  1901  the 
number  was  304  larger  than  for  1900,  or  1,182  ; 
in  1902  there  were  1.399  persons  taxed,  and  in 
1903  the  number  had  grown  161  over  the  pre- 
ceding year.  In  making  comparisons  between 
1902  and  1903  we  find  that  the  valuation  in- 
creased from  $1,254,445  in  1902  to  $1,377,494 
for  1903,  and  that  there  w-as  the  sum  of  $187,- 
055  exempted  in  1902  against  $212,690  for 
1903.  In  1902  there  were  6,055  horses  valued 
at  $136,580;  in  1903,  6,942  horses  valued  at 
$149,689.  In  1902  there  were  12,812  head  of 
cattle  valued  at  $262,505,  and  in  1903  16,711 
head  valued  at  $341,787.  The  sheep  in  1902 
numbered  25,888  and  were  valued  at  $58,245; 
in  1903  there  were  28.770  worth  $64,733. 

A  glance  at  these  figures  will  show  that  the 


cattle  are  worth  more  than  the  combined  value 
of  all  other  farm  stock,  and  that  horses  are  a 
quite  distant  second,  but  worth  more  than  the 
hogs  and  sheep.  In  fact  the  horses  and  cattle 
of  Okanogan  county  make  up  more  than  one- 
third  of  the  taxable  wealth,  as  has  been  the  case 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  the  matter  of  towns 
and  improvements  there  has  been  but  slight 
change  w-ithin  the  year — from  a  total  of  $57,125 
in  1902  to  $61,390  in  1903.  Mines  have  added 
$10,000  to  the  valuation  between  1902  and 
1903 — $39,831  for  1902;  $50,628  for  1903. 
The  value  of  agricultural  acreage  shows  an  in- 
crease in  value  over  1902.  That  year  there 
were  35,740.4  acres  and  in  1903  there  was  an 
increase  to  49,566.3  acres ;  the  value  of  land  in 
1902  was  $141,342,  and  of  improvements 
thereon  $52,646.  In  1903  the  land  was  valued 
at  $192,093  and  improvements  at  $66,747.  This 
was  a  gain  of  $54,878  in  the  farms  of  Okano- 
gan county  during  the  tweh'e  months  between 
1902  and  1903. 

The  total  valuation  of  Okanogan  county  for 
the  year  1903,  as  equalized  by  the  county  board 
of  equalization  $1,226,194.  As  equalized  by 
the  state  board  it  was  $1,047,192.  Nearly  half 
of  this  amount  or  $464,131,  state  equalization. 
was  for  live  stock,  as  follows : 

Number.     Value. 
Horses,  mules  and  asses  ....  6,942        $138,840 

Cattle    16,41 1  262,576 

Sheep  28,770  57,540 

Hogs    1,725  5,175 


CHAPTER   m. 


MINES  AND  MINING. 


The  birthplace  of  mining-  industry  in  the 
state  of  Washington  is  Okanogan  county. 
So  long  ago  as  1859  we  hear  of  stampedes  to 
the  Similkameen  from  Fraser  river  and  the 
Cariboo  District  in  British  Columbia.  It  is 
certain  that  some  of  the  placer  washings  on  the 
Similkameen  at  that  period  was  done  south  of 
the  International  Boundary  and,  consequently, 
within  the  limits  of  the  present  Okanogan 
county. 

But,  practically,  mining  in  the  county  dates 
back  to  the  returning  tide  of  miners  from  Brit- 
ish Columbia  in  the  early  6o"s.  They  washed 
gold  from  the  gravel  bars  of  the  Peshastin  and 
Swauk  and  Ruby  Creeks.  So  far  as  records 
are  concerned  the  first  quartz  ledge  discovered 
was  the  Culver,  on  the  Peshastin,  in  Chelan 
county.  This  early  discovery  was  made  where 
now  stands  the  town  of  Blewett. 

It  was  not  until  the  opening  of  Chief 
Moses'  reservation  in  1886  that  development 
began  on  the  low  grade  silver  ores  of  Salmon 
river  and  on  the  gold  and  silver  ores  of  Palmer 
Mountain.  Coincidentally  prospectors  in- 
vaded the  Methow  country  and  other  districts. 
So  far  as  can  be  learned  "Okanogan"  Smith 
made  the  original  location  in  what  is  now 
Okanogan  county.  It  was  in  the  early  70's  that 
Smith  took  the  first  Okanogan  claim  in  the 
county  on  Mount  Ellemeham,  north  of  Loomis. 
He  named  his  discovery  the  "Julia,"  but  it  has 
since  been  relocated  as  the  "King  Solomon." 
These  early  discoveries  were,  however,  ac- 
companied by  disappointing  results.  Com- 
menting upon  this  succession  of  faihu-es  Mr. 
L.  K.  Hodges  says  : 


The  first  flock  of  investors  were  doomed  to  faiTure, 
mainly  through  their  own  fault.  They  were  without  ex- 
perience in  mining,  for  Washington  had  been  mainly 
populated  by  farmers,  merchants,  manufacturers  and 
professional  men  from  the  eastern  and  middle  western 
states,  while  British  Columbia  had  absorbed  a  similar 
population  from  the  British  Isles  and  Eastern  Canada. 
The  working  people  were  generally  drawn  from  the 
same  sources.  This  was  not  a  mining  population,  for  it 
knew  nothing  of  mining,  having  always  turned  its  mind 
into  other  channels.  There  was  a  sprinkling  of  old 
miners  and  prospectors  from  California,  Colorado  and 
other  mining  states,  but  the  formation  was  new  to  them. 
A  few  of  them  flung  aside  precedent  and  boldly  pro- 
claimed the  mineral  wealth  of  the  state  and  the  adjoin- 
ing British  Territory.  But  the  experts,  with  their  heads 
filled  with  California  and  Colorado  precedents,  scoffed 
at  them,  saying  that  the  ore  was  too  base  and  low  grade 
to  pay  for  treatment  and  that  the  formation  was  so 
broken  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  follow  any  ore 
body  from  the  croppings  to  any  considerable  depth. 
The  moneyed  men  in  the  cities  were  absorbed  in  real 
estate  speculation  and  readily  voiced  the  unfavorable 
opinions  of  the  experts,  being  anxious  that  outside  in- 
vestments should  go  into  their  own  schemes  and  not 
be  diverted  into  any  alluring  mining  ventures. 

Thus  the  first  men  to  make  known  the  mineral 
wealth  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  "caught  on"  in  only  a 
limited  degree.  They  induced  some  investments  among 
men  of  means  and  caused  quite  a  flurry  in  the  Salmon 
River,  Palmer  Mountain.  Cascade  and  Silver  Creek  dis- 
tricts. But  a  combination  of  circumstances  forbade  suc- 
cess at  that  time.  The  surface  free  gold  in  the  ledges 
on  Palmer  Mountain  led  to  the  belief  that  free  gold 
would  continue  indefinitely,  and  stamp  mills  were  built 
without  concentrators  and  managed  by  unskilled  mill- 
men.  Wild  speculation  was  practiced  in  some  instances 
and  there  was  not  lacking  evidences  of  fraud  in  others. 
The  result  was  failure.  As  ore  changed  from  free  mill- 
ing to  base,  a  larger  percentage  was  lost  in  the  tailings. 
Victims  of  fraud  loudly  denounced  the  mines  as  worth- 
less and  others  took  up  the  cry  and  repeated  it  far 
and  wide.  The  fall  in  the  price  of  silver  caused  a  sus- 
pension of  work  in  the  low-grade  silver  mines  of  Sal- 
mon river,  which  had  already  suffered  in  the  eyes  of 
investors   from   two  abortive   attempts  at   reduction   of 


514 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  ore.  Only  a  few  persons  held  their  faith  in  the 
Pacific  Northwest  as  a  mining  region  and  most  of  them 
were  bankrupted  by  the  panic  or  the  collapse  of  their 
mining  ventures.  Only  in  a  few  places  was  develop- 
ment continued,  notably  among  which  is  Monte  Cristo, 
For  a  few  years  mining  languished  with  every  other  in- 
dustry. 

Altiioiigli  no  thorough  geological  survey 
of  tlie  various  mining  districts  in  Okanogan 
cuuntv  has  ever  Ijeen  made,  considerable  has 
been  learned  from  a  number  of  individuals, 
each  of  whom  has  studied  a  particular  section 
as  opportunity  offered.  These  sources  of  in- 
formation have  established  that  the  Cascade 
Range,  and  their  eastern  foothills,  extending 
across  Okanogan  county,  are  mainly  composed 
of  granite,  syenite,  diorite,  and  kindred  rocks. 
Among  thein  occur  broad  belts  of  gneiss, 
schist,  slate,  shale,  and  sandstone  and  dikes  of 
porphyry  and  limestone.  In  most  instances 
mineral  ledges  occur  in  fissures  in  the  granite, 
syenite,  diorite  and  slate,  often  cutting  through 
several  of  these  rocks,  but  are  also  in  contact 
between  two  of  them,  or  between  one  of  the 
granite  rocks  and  a  dike  of  porphyry  or  lime- 
stone. Throughout  the  Okanogan  districts 
there  are  numerous  areas  in  which  eruptive 
rocks  have  burst  through  the  older  formation 
and  in  the  latter  have  caused  fissures,  which 
Tiave  either  been  filled  in  with  mineral  bearing 
Tock  or  have  been  impregnated  with  mineral 
along  the  walls  of  the  cavities  thus  created. 
A  heavy  capping  of  oxidized  iron,  or  magnetic 
iron,  often  of  great  width  and  thickness,  gen- 
erally indicates  the  presence  of  one  of  these 
ledges.  Throughout  this  section  the  ores  are 
almost  universally  base  and  of  low  grade,  al- 
though some  of  the  ledges  on  Palmer  Moun- 
tain carry  high-grade  silver  ore.  There  are 
other  isolated  cases  where  ores  are  sufficiently 
rich  to  be  classed  as  high  grade. 

Although  found  in  almost  every  combina- 
tion the  minerals  most  common  are  iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  arseno  pyrite,  chalcopyrite, 
pyrrhotite,  galena,  tetrahedrite,  or  gray  cop- 
per and  zinc  blende.     In  some  proportion  in- 


variably the  pyritic  ores  carry  gold,  with  a  few 
ounces  of  silver.  Quite  often  they  carry  so 
much  copper  that  this  element  becomes  the 
principal  value.  Where  the  ledges  are  small 
the  galena  is  usually  rich  in  silver.  On  the 
surface  free  gold  is  often  found  where  the  ore 
has  been  subject  to  the  decomposing  influence 
of  the  air,  continuing  in  decreasing  ratio  as  the 
ore  belts  are  followed  down.  Still,  with  in- 
creasing depth  gold  is  found  more  and  more  in 
iron  and  copper  sulphides. 

There  are  at  present  fourteen  mining  dis- 
tricts within  the  limits  of  Okanogan  county, 
viz. :  Meyers  Creek,  Toroda  or  Ballarat,  Pilos- 
es, Chapacca,  Similkameen,  Gold  Hill,  Galena, 
Salmon  River,  Ruby,  Methow,  Wanicutt, 
Similkameen,  Upper  Methow,  Twisp  and  Gret- 
chel.  Some  of  these  names  are  changed  oc- 
casionally, as  Palmer  Mountain  for  Wanicutt; 
Chesaw  for  Meyers  Creek  and  Squaw  Creek 
for  Methow,  but  the  expert  prospector,  famil- 
iar with  the  territory,  is  seldom  misled  by  such 
errors.  Undoubtedly  the  Wanicutt  district  is, 
at  present,  the  most  prominent  on  account  of 
recent  developments.  Yet  all,  in  their  day 
have  enjoyed  individual  "booms."  It  is  our 
purpose  to  present  a  non-technical  description 
of  the  most  noted  of  these  properties,  leaving 
the  thousands  of  abandoned  prospects  upon 
which  work  has  ceased  for  years  to  future  de- 
velopment and  future  historians. 

Palmer  Mountain,  in  the  Wanicutt  District, 
is  at  present  in  the  public  eye.  Quartz  mining 
in  the  state  of  Washington  dates  back  to  1885. 
At  that  period  the  storm  center  was  in  Stevens 
county  whose  territory  then  comprised  some 
1.500  square  miles,  extending  from  the  Idaho 
line  to  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  Range,  with 
British  Columbia  its  northern  boundary.  From 
the  present  Stevens  county  the  excitement 
moved  gradually  westward,  and  in  1886  gold 
bearing  ledges  were  struck  on  Palmer  Moun- 
tain the  richness  of  which  caused  a  stampede 
thither.  At  that  period  Loomis,  at  the  base  of 
Palmer  Mountain,  was  i;o  miles  from  a  rail- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


515 


way  by  the  nearest  traveled  route.  In  this  lo- 
caHty  the  Triune  and  Jessie  were  the  original 
locations  made.  But  these  were  quickly  fol- 
lowed by  the  Expert,  Jumbo,  Helena  Belle, 
Wisconsin  Central,  Dolly  and  a  number:  of 
others,  now  composing  a  part  of  the  Palmer 
Mountain  Gold  Mining  &  Tunnel  Company's 
holdings.  Although  there  have  been  many  fail- 
ures debited  to  the  most  enterprising  miners,  a 
most  striking  instance  of  unqualified  success  is 
that  of  this  company  in  running  a  tunnel  into 
Palmer  Mountain.  September  10,  1897,  the 
Palmer  Mountain  Prospector  said  : 

"Great  was  the  excitement  created  on  the 
streets  yesterday  when  Manager  John  Boyd 
came  down  from  the  Palmer  Mountain  tunnel 
and  displayed  quartz  containing  free  gold.  It 
is  a  good  lead,  assaying  $185.20  to  the  ton  in 
gold,  and  $2.50  in  silver.  It  was  assayed  by 
O.  S.  Stocker." 

Gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  are  the  pre- 
dominating minerals  in  the  Wanicutt  District. 
They  are  distributed  throughout  the  ranges  and 
spurs  that  cut  up  the  country  in  every  direc- 
tion. They  are  in  ledges,  many  of  which  crop 
conspicuously  and  for  many  feet  may  be  dis- 
tinctly traced.  The  formation  varies  with  vary- 
ing localities.  There  are  granite,  diorite,  por- 
phyry, slate,  green  stone,  schist  and  other  char- 
acters of  rock,  with  a  distinct  line  belt  on  the 
eastern  side  of  Aeneas  Mountain,  and  a  wedge- 
shaped  dike  of  the  same  formation  on  the  east- 
em  side  of  Palmer  Mountain.  In  this  locality 
there  are  a  number  of  properties  that  are  im- 
proving under  development ;  others  exhibit  fav- 
orable surface  showings.  It  has  been  claimed 
in  the  past  that  the  ledges  in  this  section  did  not 
"go  down."  But  the  exhibit  made  by  the 
Palmer  Mountain  tunnel  would  seem  to  dis- 
prove this  assertion  and  demonstrate  that  these 
ledges  are  fissure  veins  continuing  to  unknown 
depths. 

The  Palmer  Mountain  Gold  Mining  &  Tun- 
nel Company  was  organized  and  incorporated 
in  1895.     The  summit  of  the  mountain  has  an 


altitude  of  5,500  feet  and  the  base  is  1,200  feet 
above  sea  le\-el,  embracing  an  area  of  about 
twelve  miles  square.  The  formation  is  a  mass 
of  mineralized  diorite  upheaved  by  volcanic  ac- 
tion through  granite  formation.  On  all  sides 
it  is  surrounded  by  granite  except  on  the  north 
where  slate  and  limestone  abound.  There  are 
fifty-eight  claims  in  this  group  situated  on  the 
southern  slope  of  the  mountain.  A  double- 
compartment  tunnel  was  started  at  the  base  that 
would  connect  with  the  gold-bearing  ledges, 
and  it  has  been  driven  over  4,000  feet  into  the 
heart  of  the  mountain,  intersecting  twenty- 
eight  veins,  of  which  number  sixteen  out- 
cropped to  the  surface.  At  the  present  working 
a  vertical  depth  of  fourteen  hundred  feet  has 
been  attained,  and  it  is  the  intention  to  drive 
the  tunnel  four  thousand  feet  beyond  the  pres- 
ent breast,  which  will  cross-cut  the  Grand  Sum- 
mit ledge  at  a  vertical  depth  of  4,200  feet.  The 
aggregate  width  of  the  veins  cut  at  present  is 
200  feet.  In  1890  a  nugget  was  found  on 
Palmer  Mountain  that  produced  the  owners 
$1,000.  The  company  intends  to  install  an 
electrical  plant  at  an  early  day,  and  erect  reduc- 
tion works.  John  Boyd,  the  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  company  has  resided  in 
Loomis,  Washington,  since  1892. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Loomis  are  the  Hillsdale 
mine,  with  a  tunnel,  the  Putnam  group,  the  Se- 
curity, the  Copper  World  and  the  Perennial 
group,  all  good  properties.  North  of  Loomis 
are  the  Nighthawk  and  Six  Eagles  where  ex- 
tensive work  is  in  progress  and  with  profitable 
results. 

The  Pinnacle,  but  a  short  distance  from 
Loomis,  was  first  discovered  in  1888  by  two 
prospectors.  Free  gold  was  found  on  the  sur- 
face, high  up  on  the  west  slope  of  Palmer 
Mountain.  The  original  discoverers  took  out  a 
considerable  quantity  of  gold.  They  went  on 
the  outside  to  dispose  of  it  and,  for  reasons 
never  explained  they  did  not  return.  The 
property  was  left  in  charge  of  James  O'Connell, 
better  known  as  "Pinnacle  Jim."     In  time  he 


5i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


relocated  the  claims.  Several  years  ago  he 
bonded  the  mine  to  a  Canadian  investor.  That 
individual  did  considerable  work,  but  not  be- 
ing entirely  satisfied  asked  for  an  extension  of 
time.  O'Connell  refused,  as  it  had  come  to  his 
ears  that  a  rich  ore  shoot  had  been  struck  on  the 
Bunker  Hill  in  that  vicinity.  A  few  weeks 
after  the  expiration  of  the  bond  O'Connell  met 
with  a  tragic  end,  an  account  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  Loomis  and 
other  towns.  Then  relatives  sprang  up  on 
every  hand  and  the  property  was  hardly  free 
from  litigation  for  several  years.  General  J. 
B.  Metcalfe  purchased  the  property  at  adminis- 
trator's sale. 

The  mine  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Pin- 
nacle Gold  Mining  Company.  The  officers  are 
Judge  William  Hickman  Moore,  president; 
General  J.  B.  Metcalfe,  vice-president  and  man- 
ager; John  S.  Jurey,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
These  gentlemen  are  all  citizens  of  Seattle. 
Aside  from  the  Pinnacle  the  company  owns  the 
Bunker  Hill,  Nevada,  Bonanza  King,  Julia 
Fraction,  Telephone  and  Bullion  mines,  one- 
half  interest  in  the  Von  Moltke,  one-third  in  the 
Nellie  and  one-third  in  the  Onora,  comprising 
the  Pinnacle  group.  The  Pinnacle  is  exceed- 
ingly rich,  and  is  shipping  amalgam  in  fair 
quantities.  The  company  has  leased  the  Black 
Bear  five-stamp  mill,  at  Loomis,  and  is  now 
working  a  day  and  night  shift. 

Among  the  other  mines  and  groups  in  this 
district  are  the  Gladstone,  Kit  Carson,  Ivanhoe, 
Why  Not,  Frisco,  Surprise,  Daisy,  St.  Patrick, 
Black  Diamond,  Daisy  Ball,  King  Solomon, 
Roanoke,  Whiskey  Hill  Tunnel  group.  Sunny- 
side,  Yellow  Dust,  Phoenix,  Combination,  Ben- 
ton, Wabash,  Gray  Eagle,  Defiance,  Little  De- 
fiance, Jordan  No.  i,  Jordan  No.  2,  Betty  Pat- 
terson, Kalamazoo,  Young  .America,  Voltaire, 
Tenderfoot,  Gold  Thread.  Little  Dan,  Her- 
cules, .Atlas,  Red  Jacket,  Miller.  Redpath,  Em- 
pire, Jack,  Silent  Friend,  Raintow,  May 
Queen,  Bessie,  Butler,  Leviathan,  Cherokee, 
Emma,   Wall   Street,   Strictly  Business,   Long 


Tom,  Little  Mac,  and  many  other  properties 
and  prospects. 

The  Meyers  Creek  Mining  District  is  on 
the  "North  Half"  of  the  Colville  Indian  Reser- 
vation, in  Okanogan  county,  and  east  of  the 
Okanogan  river.  With  the  opening  of  the 
reservation  to  mineral  entry,  February  21, 
1896,  there  was  a  remarkable  stampede  to  this 
section  of  the  country.  Meyers  Creek  heads 
among  the  foothills  of  Mount  Bonaparte,  to  the 
south  of  Chesaw,  several  miles  distant.  It  has  a 
fall  of  ninety  feet  to  the  mile.  Mary  Ann 
Creek  flows  into  Meyers  Creek  at  Chesaw.  The 
former  has  its  source  in  the  mountains  a  few 
miles  north  of  Chesaw  and  drops  one  thousand 
feet  in  the  last  ten  miles  of  its  course.  These 
streams  are  never  failing,  affording  great  vol- 
umes of  water  which  has  been  rushing  down  in 
cascades  since  the  glaciers  from  the  north 
carved  out  their  channels  aeons  ago. 

In  1898  placer  gold  was  found  along  these 
streams  and  since  that  time  the  soil  has  been 
washed  in  a  primitive  manner.  Gold  is  found 
from  the  grass  roots  down  through  the  gravel 
as  deep  as  workings  have  extended,  yet  in  no 
instance  has  bed  rock  been  reached.  Mr.  K. 
Grant,  who  has  passed  two  years  placering  on 
Mary  Ann  Creek,  estimates  the  depth  of  the 
gravel  to  be  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  feet. 
To  the  depth  of  six  feet  the  auriferous  gravel 
has  been  washed  with  a  resulting  average  of 
?i.25  to  the  yard.  Mr.  Grant  has  prosecuted 
his  work  with  pick,  shovel  and  sluice  box.  And 
what  has  been  said  about  his  development  may 
be  claimed  for  all  placer  properties  lying  along 
these  streams. 

Previous  to  the  opening  of  the  reservation  a 
number  of  miners  had  surreptitiously  visited  the 
present  Meyers  Creek  Mining  District  and  its 
fame  had  become  known  abroad.  With  the 
opening  of  the  reservation  prospectors  and 
miners  began  to  explore  the  hills  and  mountains 
seeking  for  veins  and  lodes  of  precious  metals. 
Five  hundred  locations,  or  claims,  were  staked. 
Many  of  these  claims  ha\-e  since  passed  from 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


517 


the  hands  of  the  original  owners.  Corporations 
have  been  organized  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
velopment. It  is  undeniably  true  that  lack  of 
transportation  has  greatly  militated  against  the 
Meyers  Creek  District.  The  ores  require  treat- 
ment by  smelters.  Consequently  the  district  has 
been  greatly  handicapped  in  demonstrating  its 
values. 

The  first  property  in  the  Meyers  Creek  Dis- 
trict to  receive  attention  from  capitalists  was 
the  Crystal  Butte,  owned  by  the  Interstate  Min- 
ing &  Developing  Company.  Over  fifteen  hun- 
dred feet  of  work  is  completed  and  a  concen- 
trating plant  installed  at  a  cost  of  $100,000. 
The  Monterey  IMining  Company,  on  Copper 
Mountain,  owning  the  Buckhorn  group,  was 
the  next  corporation  to  commence  develop- 
ment. Over  eight  hundred  feet  of  work  has 
been  completed  by  this  organization.  A  body 
of  gold  and  copper  ore  has  been  struck.  Next 
in  point  of  sequence  came  the  Review  Gold 
Mining  Company.  It  is  the  owner  of  the  Re- 
\-iew  group  of  claims  on  which  more  than  one 
thousand  feet  of  work  has  been  done.  Hun- 
dreds of  tons  of  high  grade  ore  are  now  ready 
for  shipment. 

The  Yakima  Gold  Mining  Company,  own- 
ing the  Yakima  group,  adjoining  Chesaw,  was 
next  in  line  with  five  hundred  feet  of  develop- 
ment work.  The  Wyandotte  Mining  Company, 
owners  of  the  Oregon  group,  a  gold,  silver  and 
lead  property,  has  disclosed  a  fine  body  of  ore 
and  further  development  is  now  under  way. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  galena  properties  in  the  dis- 
trict, has  all  necessary  buildings  and  equip- 
ments for  extensive  development,  with  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  feet  of  shafts  and  sixty  feet 
of  drifts  and  open  cuts.  The  last  property  in 
the  camp  to  receive  attention  from  outside  cap- 
ital is  now  owned  by  the  Opal  Mining  Com- 
pany, consisting  of  the  Opal  group  of  eight 
claims,  lying  just  west  of  Chesaw.  There  are 
in  this  property  four  hundred  feet  of  tunnel  and 
open  cuts.  Mr.  J.  P.  Blaine  was  instrumental 
in  interesting  capital  for  its  development.    The 


ore  will  average  $30  to  the  ton,  and  a  portion 
of  the  ore  taken  out  ran  as  high  as  $500  per 
ton.  The  Opal  claim  runs  east  and  west  and 
the  first  tunnel  was  cut  at  right  angles.  The 
second  will  cut  the  vein  at  about  125  feet  below 
the  surface,  and  runs  south.  About  1,200  tons 
of  ore  are  now  on  the  dump.  These  claims  are 
a  composition  of  porphyry  and  trachite,  and  are 
identical  with  the  famous  Cripple  Creek  forma- 
tions in  Colorado.  On  a  five-acre  tract,  adjoin- 
ing their  claims,  the  company  will  in  the  spring 
erect  a  smelter,  and  negotiations  are  now  under 
way  for  the  machinery. 

Three  miles  northeast  of  Chesaw,  on  the 
east  side  of  Copper  Mountain,  is  the  Grant 
group  of  claims.  An  enormous  body  of  ore 
appears  on  the  surface  which  outcrops  at  the 
grass  roots.  The  assay  average  of  value  is  $40 
to  the  ton,  in  gold,  iron  and  copper,  the  latter 
predominating.  For  fifty  feet  a  shaft  has  been 
sunk  and  open  cuts  made  at  intervals  to  deter- 
mine the  value.  There  are  three  claims  in  this 
group.  Arrangements  are  pending  to  bond  this 
group  for  $40,000. 

Three  miles  west  of  Chesaw  are  seven 
claims  comprising  the  Keno  group.  A  ledge  of 
gold  and  copper  can  be  traced  4,000  feet.  The 
iron  cap  is  approximately  200  feet  in  width, 
averaging  values  in  copper  and  gold  of  $10  to 
$15,  the  gold  predominating.  Results  from 
259  feet  of  shaft  prove  satisfactory. 

The  DeLate  mine  is  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able properties  in  the  district,  and  is  owned  by 
the  Interstate  Mining  Company.  A  tunnel  has 
been  run  150  feet  and  a  number  of  shafts  cut- 
ting a  ledge  of  gold  and  lead  ore  for  a  distance 
of  four  feet.  Assays  on  the  ore  from  this  mine 
average  about  $45  per  ton,  carrying-  one  ounce 
of  gold  and  about  24  per  cent,  of  lead.  The 
main  tunnel  into  the  Interstate  group  is  in  over 
800  feet,  and  the  showings  are  goood.  Ore  is 
being  shipped  to  the  Everett  smelter.  The  home 
office  of  the  Interstate  Company  is  at  Colum- 
bus, Ohio.  The  property  is  in  charge  of  Mr. 
Henry  Thompson. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Seven  claims  comprise  the  Keno  group. 
They  lie  three  miles  west  of  Chesaw.  The  ore 
runs  gold  and  copper,  a  ledge  of  which  can  be 
traced  4,000  feet.  The  iron  cap  is  approx- 
imately 200  feet  in  width,  averaging  values  in 
copper  and  gold  of  from  $10  to  $15,  gold  pre- 
dominating. There  have  been  250  feet  of  shaft 
sunk. 

Meyers  Creek  Alining  District  emliraces 
about  one  hundred  square  miles.  The  groups 
of  claims  are  distributed  pretty  generally 
throughout  this  territory.  Some  of  them  have 
been  exploited  to  an  extent  sufficient  to  make 
the  public  fully  aware  of  the  extent  of  the  de- 
velopment, and  the  value  of  the  ore.  But  there 
is  still  another  phase  of  the  subject.  Owners 
of  the  majority  of  the  prospects  are  the  original 
discoverers.  From  year  to  year  they  have 
Ijeen  quietly  and  steadily  sinking  shafts,  run- 
ning tunnels  and  doing  surface  work.  As  bet- 
ter values  have  been  shown  the  prospector  has 
been  strengthened  in  his  resolution  to  cling  to 
his  property  until  the  arrival  of  a  railroad. 
Transportation  of  his  ores  means  to  him  a  for- 
tune. Thus  situated  in  the  Meyers  Mining  Dis- 
trict are  scores  of  such  determined  prospectors. 

Following  are  some  of  the  properties  in  the 
Meyers  Creek  District,  near  Chesaw,  not  be- 
fore mentioned : 

The  Bi-Metallic. — This  is  a  group  of  gold 
and  copper  claims  with  135  feet  of  shaft  and 
125  feet  of  cross-cut. 

The  Old  Germany. — A  gold  and  galena 
bearing  group  with  as  fine  showing  as  any 
propert)-  in  the  district.  This  property  has  230 
feet  of  tunnel  and  50  feet  of  shaft. 

The  Independent.— A  gold  and  sil\-er  prop- 
osition with  a  50-foot  shaft. 

The  Medallion.— A  mammoth  iron  cap, 
carrying  gold  and  copper.  It  has  25  feet  of 
shaft. 

The  Yankee  Doodle. — A  promising  group 
carrying  gold  and  copper.    Has  a  25-foot  shaft. 

The  Winchester. — A  gold  and  copper  prop- 
erty with  35  feet  of  shaft. 


The  Rose  Bud. — A  property  giving  good 
values  in  gold  with  40  feet  of  shaft. 

The  Pingston. — .\n  iron  cap  proposition 
carrying  values  in  gold.  Has  30  feet  of 
shaft. 

The  Blue  Diamond. — A  gold  and  silver 
property  giving  very  flattering  assays,  with  lOO 
feet  of  shaft. 

The  Brozies. — Also  a  gold  and  galena  jirop- 
erty  with  excellent  showings  and  30  feet  of 
shaft. 

The  Indiana. — Has  a  30-foot  shaft  all  in 
solid  gold  bearing  ore.  Assays  give  encour- 
aging values. 

Spectator. — A  goood  gold  and  silver  prop- 
erty favorably  located.    Has  50  feet  of  shaft. 

War  Eagle. — Tw-o  hundred  feet  of  shaft; 
shows  good  values  in  gold  and  silver. 

Lady  of  the  Lake. — One  of  the  most  prom- 
ising claims  in  the  district,  with  50  feet  of 
shaft. 

Wild  Strawberry. — A  gold  bearing  prop- 
erty with  22  feet  of  shaft. 

British  Lion. — A  group  of  claims  showing 
good  values  in  gold  and  silver.  Has  40  feet  of 
shaft. 

Poland  China. — One  of  the  well  established 
mines  of  Okanogan  county  with  over  400  feet 
of  shaft. 

Mary  Ann. — A  fine  tunneling  proposition, 
carrying  gold  and  silver.  Has  50  feet  of  shaft. 

Big  Hole. — Carries  gold  and  silver;  has  50 
feet  of  shaft. 

Mountain  Chief. — A  gold  and  silver 
property  with  100  feet  of  shaft. 

Montana. — Gold  bearing  property  :  30-foot 
shaft. 

Gettysburg. — Gold  and  silver;  80-foot 
shaft. 

Pekin  China. — Gold  and  silver;  30-foot 
shaft. 

Kerwin. — A  gold  property  with  150  feet  of 
tunnel. 

Bob  Hughes. — Gold  and  galena;  100  feet 
of  shaft  and  90  feet  of  tunnel. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


519 


^lellaoiirne. — Good  gold  prospect  with  85 
feet  of  shaft. 

Lookout. — Gold  bearing  property  with  230 
feet  of  tunnel. 

Ben  Harrison. — A  property  with  good 
showings  and  a  50-foot  shaft. 

Jim  Hill. — Gold  and  silver;  50-foot  shaft. 

Wisconsin. — A  property  of  great  promise 
with  gold  and  silver  showings  and  a  400-foot 
shaft. 

Lone  Pine. — Gold  and  silver;  500  feet  of 
work. 

Rainbow. — Has  100  feet  of  work  and  a 
large  tunnel  is  now  being  run. 

Among  the  best  properties  around  Bolster, 
in  the  Meyers  Creek  Mining  District,  are:  The 
Chicago  group,  consisting  of  the  Chicago, 
Dewey  and  Philadelphia;  the  Review  group, 
comprising  the  Review  and  Bird  claims,  which 
are  among  the  most  important  in  the  camp. 
They  were  located  by  Robert  Allison  and  John 
Mulholland,  and  sold  to  the  Review  Gold  Min- 
ing Company  for  $35,000.  In  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $40,000  has  been  expended  in  develop- 
ment ;  the  Buckhorn  group,  consisting  of  eleven 
claims  and  fractions,  is  situated  on  the  sum- 
mit of  Copper  Mountain,  at  the  head  of  Nickel- 
son  Creek;  the  Copper  Queen  and  Number 
Nine  claims  on  Copper  Mountain;  the  King 
Solomon  group,  one-half  mile  northeast  of  Bol- 
ster; the  Ramshorn  and  Cariboo  on  Copper 
Mountain ;  the  Smuggler  and  Joe  Dandy, 
claims;  the  Aztec,  Neutral,  Homestake  and 
Golden  Curry,  lying  north  of  the  Buckhorn ; 
the  East  Side  and  Morning  Star,  lying  north 
and  east  of  the  Buckhorn.  and  the  Kitchner 
group,  situated  north  of  Gold  Creek.  Con- 
siderable development  work  has  been  done  on 
all  of  these. 

Of  these  properties  the  de\-elopment  work 
noted  represents  but  a  fractional  part  of  the  im- 
provements. There  are  substantial  houses, 
cabins,  stables,  blacksmith  shops  clustered 
around  many  of  them.  Several  are  equipped 
wi'th  whims.    For  concentrating  the   ores   the 


Crystal  Butte  has  expensive  machinery,  shel- 
tered by  good  buildings,  representing  an  out- 
lay of  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

Seattle  capital  has  been  largely  employed 
in  the  development  of  the  Methow  Mining  Dis- 
trict. And  it  was  among  the  first  to  feel  the 
effect  of  the  revival  of  interest  in  mining  iu 
1896.  Having  suffered  from  ill-advised  ven- 
tures during  the  period  immediately  following 
the  frrst  discoveries,  it  appears  now  to  have  en- 
tered upon  a  period  of  prosperity.  The  mineral 
belt  through  which  discoveries  extend  and 
through  which  flows  the  IMethow  ri\-er, 
is  about  twenty-five  miles  long  and  three  miles 
wide,  extending  through  the  foothills  on  either 
side  of  the  river.  To  Mining  Engineer  S.  G. 
Dewsnap,  we  are  indebted  for  the  following 
description  of  its  characteristics : 

"The  country  rock  of  the  belt  is  secondary 
granite,  which  is  crossed  and  cut  by  dikes  of 
bird's  eye  porphyry,  feldsite  porphyry  and  dior- 
ite,  which  mostly  strike  northwest  and  dip 
southwest.  The  vein  formation  strikes  a  few 
degrees  from  east  and  west  and  dips  northerly, 
cross-cutting  the  dikes  at  an  angle  of  about 
thirty  degrees.  In  many  cases  the  dikes  are  not 
broken  by  the  veins  at  the  surface,  but  are 
found  to  ha\-e  been  broken  at  some  little  depth 
below.  The  croppings  of  the  quartz  veins  are 
mostly  blind,  that  is,  the  surface  of  the  rock 
formation  is  largely  covered  by  soil  underlaid 
by  glacial  cement,  which  makes  prospecting 
rather  difficult,  and  the  bed  rock  is  only  seen  at 
points  where  the  dike  contacts  have  left  ridges 
of  hogsbacks  not  covered  by  detritus.  Standing" 
on  the  foot-wall  and  looking  down  the  dip  of 
the  veins,  the  ore  is  found  in  well-defined  chutes 
dipping  to  the  left  hand  at  an  angle  of  60  to  66 
degrees  from  the  plane  of  the  vein.  South  of 
the  belt  proper,  in  Black  Canyon,  which  runs 
parrallel  with  Squaw  Creek,  are  some  veins  in 
which  the  oxidized  iron  is  magnetic,  not  hem- 
atite. On  the  north  side  of  this  belt  is  another 
of  soft  feldsite  porphyry  about  half  a  mile  wide, 
in  which  a  number  of  locations  have  been  made 


520 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTOX. 


on  quartz  veins,  none  of  which  have  been 
proved  by  development  work.  Beyond  this  is  a 
belt  of  syenite,  extending  north  on  the  divide 
between  McFarlane  and  Gold  Creeks,  in  which 
are  veins  carrying  a  little  galena,  mispickel  and 
stibnite,  and  much  richer  in  siher  than  the  ores 
of  the  south  belt,  some  tetrahedrite  carrying 
much  more  biith  of  silver  and  arsenic.  The 
quartz  in  the  three  main  \'eins,  which  form  the 
letter  N  and  have  been  traced  and  located  for 
nearly  six  miles  east  and  west,  seems  to  have 
followed  in  its  formation  a  seam  of  diorite  por- 
phyry, which  is  broken  and  replaced  by  quartz, 
sometimes  shoving  the  diorite  to  the  hanging 
wall,  sometimes  to  the  footwall.  The  ore  oc- 
curs in  chutes  following  the  line  of  breaks  in 
this  diorite  porphyry  seam. 

"The  characteristic  mineral  on  the  surface 
is  a  wax-like  compact  hematite,  filling  the  crev- 
ives  in  the  quartz,  probably  arising  from  the 
oxidation  of  the  different  sorts  of  pyrites  which 
are  found  at  greater  depth.  Free  metallic  gold 
is  very  rarely  found  in  the  quartz,  but  fine 
colors  of  free  gold  are  generally  found  in  the 
hematite  iron  of  the  surface  ore.  The  charac- 
teristics of  the  ore  in  depth,  unoxidized,  are  a 
pyrites,  compact,  hard,  crystalized,  containing  a 
little  gold,  a  grayer,  softer  pyrites,  carrying 
traces  of  zinc  and  arsenic  that  is  rich  in  gold ;  a 
further  pyrites  mineral  carrying  quite  a  little 
copper;  traces  of  arsenic  carrying  moderate 
values  in  gold ;  a  further  sulphuret  mineral  re- 
sembling tetrahedrite  of  complicated  composi- 
tion, carrying  considerable  silver  and  gold  with 
a  little  bismuth,  antimony,  arsenic  and  zinc." 

In  1887  Mr.  J.  IM.  Burns  made  the  first 
mineral  discovery  in  this  belt  on  Polepick 
Mountain,  near  Silver.  This  property  has  de- 
veloped into  the  Red  Shirt  mine.  The  ore  car- 
ries iron  and  copper  sulphurets  and  assays  alxiut 
$20  per  ton  in  gold  and  silver.  In  1896  the 
Red  Shirt  Mining  Company  erected  a  twenty- 
stamp  mill  and  began  reducing  ore  from  the 
dump. 

Mrs.  M.  Leiser,  in  1890,  made  the  succeed- 


ing discovery,  near  the  Red  Shirt.  This  prop- 
erty was  subsequently  purchased  by  J.  S. 
Crockett  who  extended  the  40-foot  tunnel  run 
by  the  original  owners,  opening  up  a  ledge  of 
quartz  and  crystalized  lime  carrying  good  val- 
ues in  gold  and  silver.  Following  this  came 
the  discovery  of  the  Black  Warrior.  This  was, 
also,  secured  by  Mr.  Crockett.  A  small  shaft 
showed  eight  feet  of  pyritic  ore  between  walls 
of  diorite.  Other  properties  in  the  neighbor- 
hood are  the  IMike  Malony,  Silver  Bow,  Brother 
Jack,  on  an  iron  cap  assaying  $20  per  ton,  and 
the  Panic.  On  the  same  and  parallel  ledges  are 
several  promising  prospects,  including  the 
Brooklyn,  Pride  of  the  Hill,  Capital  and  Love 
Ledge. 

Discoveries  southeastward  to  Squaw  Creek 
were  made  in  1892  by  J.  W".  Draa  and  Xels 
Johnson.  So  broad  a  belt  of  mineral  was  dis- 
closed that  this  point  became  a  center  of  inter- 
est. On  Johnson  Mountain  the  first  croppings 
were  found.  This  was  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Squaw,  and  ledges  have  been  traced  across  the 
Methow  nearly  to  its  mouth,  and  o\-er  the 
mountains  to  Gold  and  McFarlane  Creeks,  in 
one  direction,  and  to  Black  Canyon  in  another. 
The  Highland  Light  is  one  of  the  promising 
properties  in  this  section.  The  Friday  group 
of  five  claims  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  r^Iethow. 
Development  was  commenced  here  by  the  Fri- 
day Gold  Mining  Company.  The  ore  is  best 
where  the  ledge  is  narrowest.  It  is  mainly  iron 
pyrites,  chalcopyrite  and  mispickel,  with  rare 
bits  of  zinc  blende.  The  Diamond  Queen  group 
of  two  claims  is  on  the  west  of  the  Friday  ledge, 
on  a  steep  bluff  overlooking  the  river.  '  They 
were  owned  by  the  Diamond  Queen  Gold  Min- 
ing Company.  An  assay  from  croppings  of  the 
ore  chute  returned  $10.80  in  gold  and  sixty-one 
cents  in  silver.  Assays  from  the  upper  tunnel 
ran  from  $3.65  to  $32.70  in  gold.  On  the  same 
side  of  the  river  beyond  this  group  is  the  Emer- 
ald group  of  three  claims.  The  ledge  crops  five 
and  one-half  feet  wide  between  granite  walls. 
Surface  ore  assayed  $25   in  gold,   siher  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


521 


copper ;  samples  from  the  face  of  the  tunnel  at 
53  feet  assayed  $122  and  $157,  the  matter  out- 
side of  the  pay  streak  being  mineralized  to  the 
value  of  about  $10. 

The  Hidden  Treasure  adjoining  the  High- 
land Light  shows  up  well  for  a  large  amount  of 
de\elopment.  The  Okanogan  is  another  well 
developed  property,  located  on  Johnson  Moun- 
tain. The  ledge  shows  six  feet  nine  inches  be- 
tween the  walls,  and  assays  run  from  $20  to 
$28  in  gold.  The  original  location  on  John- 
son Mountain  is  the  Hunter,  which  has  shown 
up  fairly  Avell  on  development.  Values  aver- 
age from  $16  to  $20  in  gold  and  eight  to  twelve 
per  cent  copper.  The  Washington  group  of 
seven  claims  belonged  to  the  Methow  Mining 
Company.  Two  of  these  are  on  the  Hunter 
ledge,  which  is  shown  to  be  from  six  to  six  and 
one-half  feet  wide  in  an  open  cut  fifteen  feet 
long  and  ten  feet  deep  on  one  claim;  four  and 
one-half  feet  wide  in  a  twelve-foot  shaft  in  an- 
other. It  is  well  mineralized  with  copper  sul- 
phides on  the  surface.  Another  claim  is  on  a 
stringer  three  to  eighteen  inches  wide,  carrying 
high-grade  ore  with  free  gold  often  showing. 
Bill  Nye  is  the  name  of  the  last  claim  in  the 
group.  It  is,  doubtless,  an  extension  of  one  of 
the  main  ledges,  although  three  miles  west  of 
the  others,  showing  five  feet  of  similar  quartz. 
Fisher  Brothers,  of  Seattle,  made  an  excellent 
showing  on  the  Gray  Eagle  group  of  these 
claims,  all  on  the  Friday  ledge.  Development 
revealed  a  vein  from  four  to  eight  feet,  with  a 
diorite  dike,  shoving  it  first  to  one  wall,  then 
to  the  other.  The  Last  Chance  adjoins  the 
Gray  Eagle,  which  has  a  well  defined  ledge  three 
and  one-half  feet  wide  with  talc  gouge  on  the 
walls  which  are  diorite  and  bird's  eye  porphyry. 
Ore  sent  to  the  Everett  smelter  netted  $39  in 
gold  and  a  little  silver. 

On  the  Highland  Light  ledge  is  the  Stan- 
dard and  extension,  with  a  ledge  from  four  to 
four  and  one-half  feet  wide.  Average  samples 
of  this  ore  assayed  $38.60  in  gold  with  a  little 
silver.    The  Nip  and  Tuck  group  of  four  claims 


is  on  Treasure  Mountain.  The  pay  ore  assayed 
$23.50  in  gold;  $6  in  silver.  Two  miles  west 
of  Methow,  on  Gold  Point  Hill,  is  the  Larsen 
group  of  four  claims  on  two  ledges.  One  of 
them  showed  forty  inches  wide  in  a  double 
compartmertt  shaft,  forty-five  feet  deep,  ore 
from  which  assayed  from  $22  to  $78.  Good 
ore  bodies  have  shown  up  on  McFarlane  and 
Gold  Creeks,  west  of  Squaw  Creek.  The  Black 
Jack  shows  four  feet  of  quartz,  well  mineralized 
with  gold,  silver  and  copper  for  its  entire  width. 
The  Damfino  shows  forty  inches  of  similar  ore. 
i\mong  other  prospects  in  this  immediate  vi- 
cinity are  the  Parallel,  Catherine  and  Osiola. 

Discoveries  in  the  Spokane  mines  show  that 
the  same  mineral  belt  extends  through  the 
Methow  foothills  far  up  the  river.  The  Spokane 
is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Twisp  river ;  the  ledge  be- 
tween four  and  five  feet  wide,  between  walls 
of  porphyry,  running  northwest  and  southeast, 
nearly  perpendicular,  with  a  slight  pitch  to  the 
west.  Prospecting  was  begun  with  a  shaft  sunk 
forty  feet,  showing  ore  all  the  way  with  a  wid- 
ening ledge.  The  pay  streak  carries  about  $50 
in  gold  and  silver,  and  the  entire  ledge  carries 
good  values. 

But  for  the  ill  effects  of  early  experiments  in 
treating  ore  development  work  in  the  Methow 
District  would,  doubtless,  have  proceeded  much 
faster.  Prospectors  were  led  to  erroneous  con- 
clusions; slight  showings  of  free  gold  on  the 
surface  were  taken  to  signify  that  it  was  a  free 
gold  belt.  On  this  assumption  they  proceeded. 
On  Squaw  Creek  a  five-stamp  mill  with  one 
concentrator  was  erected,  and  two  arrastres  were 
built.  Through  the  stamp  mill  twelve  tons  of 
Paymaster  ore  were  run  that  barely  paid  ex- 
penses. However,  experiments  are  being  made 
with  a  view  to  the  adoption  of  the  cyanide  or 
some  other  leeching  process  and  some  such 
method  wnll,  undoubtedly,  be  adopted,  where 
the  percentage  of  copper  does  not  run  too  high. 
Mr.  L.  K.  Hodges  says  : 

"The  country  rock  of  the  district  is  ordi- 
narily so  hard  that  tunnelling  costs  $10  to  $12 


5^^ 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


per  foot  and  shafting  hx  contract  costs  $i6  per 
foot  clown  to  the  150-foot  level.  While  the  ore  is 
rich  enough  to  pay  a  good  profit  o\er  cost  of 
mining,  freight  and  treatment,  much  better  re- 
sults can  be  obtained  by  the  erection  of  a  re- 
duction plant  on  the  ground,  and  the  question' 
as  to  the  best  process  now  occupies  the  minds 
of  mining  men.  The  small  proportion  of  free 
gold  is  in  extremely  minute  particles;  ren- 
dering amalgamation  not  worth  while,  except 
in  connection  with  concentrators,  and  the  values 
are  mainly  in  sulphurets.  The  percentage  of 
copper  ranges  from  two  to  thirteen  per  cent, 
and  where  it  does  not  exceed  the  former  figure 
and  the  action  of  the  solution  is  not  hampered 
by  other  ingredients,  the  cyanide  process  may 
be  successful.  However,  experiment  will  set- 
tle this  question,  and  now  that  the  mining  men 
have  become  aroused  to  the  fact  that  the  prob- 
lem is  not  to  find,  the  gold  bearing  rock,  but  to 
extract  the  gold  after  they  have  found  it, 
ultimate  success  is  assured." 

In  the  Moses  Tilining  District  are  located 
the  Multnomah  Alining  Company's  properties, 
about  three  miles  from  the  Nespelim  Indian 
agency.  They  were  located  and  are  held  under 
the  mining  laws  of  the  state  of  Washington. 
They  comprise  the  following  claims  of  twenty 
acres  each :  Columbia.  Excelsior,  Niagara, 
Chalcocite.  Multnomah,  Hanover,  Butte,  Mich- 
igan and  Ramsey.  Aside  from  these  the  com- 
pany owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Nespelim  river,  together  with  the 
Nespelim  water  power  for  milling  and  power 
purposes.  These  holdings  aggregate  320  acres, 
besides  one  of  the  best  and  most  available  water 
powers  in  the  northwest. 

By  those  acquainted  witli  the  formation  of 
the  mineral  deposits  throughout  the  United 
States,  it  is  admitted  that  these  properties  show 
favorably.  The  formation  is  syenite  accom- 
panied by  very  little  granite,  with  several  dikes 
of  porphyry  and  porphoritic  quartz.  The  gen- 
eral trend  of  this  mineralized  zone  is  nea.rly 


north  and  south,  varying  in  its  course  to  north- 
east and  southwest.  The  claims  of  the  Alult- 
nomah  Company  were  located  during  the  sum- 
mer of  igoo  and  spring  of  1901.  While  de- 
velopment work  has  been  conducted  steadily  the 
large  extent  of  territory  held  by  the  company 
has  prevented  more  than  a  practical  exploita- 
tion of  the  surface  sufficient  to  show  the  value 
of  the  properties.  One  immense  mineralized 
zone  is  the  mountain  upon  which  are  located 
these  holdings,  and  when  they  cjncentrate  in 
the  veins  of  the  mines  they  are  found  not  only 
highly  mineralized,  but  of  surprising  extent 
and  size.  At  a  depth  of  ten  feet  these  ledges 
assayed  from  $6  to  $40  in  gold,  copper,  silver 
and  lead,  the  principal  value  being  gold  and 
copper.  The  Ramsey,  three  miles  distant  from 
the  Multnomah,  Hanover,  Niagara,  Chalcocite, 
Excelsior  and  Columbia,  makes  a  showing  of 
surface  assays  running  from  $10  to  S48.  In- 
creased mineralization  is  shown  as  depth  is 
gained. 

So  long  ago  as  1884  the  original  mineral 
discoveries  were  made  on  the  headwaters  of  the 
Twisp  river,  now  in  the  Twisp  Mineral  Dis- 
trict. But  general  prospecting  has  been  con- 
ducted in  this  section  not  over  eight  years.  And 
it  remained  for  recent  prospectors  to  define  the 
character  of  the  country's  mineral. 

As  in  other  sections  of  the  Cascades  the 
country  formation  is  granite  broken  by  numer- 
ous dikes  of  porphyry.  From  oxidation  the 
ledges  have  assumed  a  reddish  hue  which  makes 
them  easily  tracable,  and  they  carry  free  gold 
on  the  surface  in  most  instances,  changing  to 
sulphurets.  The  ore  is  sulphide  toward  the 
headwaters  of  the  Twisp,  and  on  Twisp  Pass 
rich  in  copper  and  showing  the  same  charac- 
teristics as  the  older  and  more  developed  sul- 
phide ore  belts.  E.  W.  Lockwood,  of  ^^'en- 
atchee,  H.  M.  Cooper  and  Edward  Shackle- 
ford  made  the  first  discoveries  in  this  district  in 
1884.  They  located  the  Washington,  but  be- 
ing dissatisfied,  abandoned  it  on  account  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


523 


remoteness  of  the  location.  Subsequently  tliey 
made  other  discoveries  on  the  lake  forming  the 
source  of  North  Creek,  but  located  no  claims. 

In  1892  John  Gillihan  penetrated  the  dis- 
trict and  located  the  Oregonian  group  of  eight 
claims.  His  partners  were  James  Gaston  and 
F.  S.  Sanford.  This  group  is  at  the  head  of 
North  Creek  near  the  glaciers  that  feed  that 
stream.  The  walls  are  usually  of  porphyry. 
One  ledge  carries  ore  which  assays  from  $60 
to  $600  in  gold.  Other  ledges  run  from  $11 
to  $1 14  in  gold.  R.  P.  Dolsen  and  P.  B.  Shon- 
afelt  made  the  next  location  which  was  the 
Derby.  This  mine  they  bonded  to  Frank  Ros- 
enhaupt,  of  Spokane,  for  $10,000.  The  ledge 
cropped  near  the  Oregonian  twelve  feet  wide 
and  in  a  sixty-foot  shaft  and  forty-foot  tunnel 
showed  quartz  carrying  $8  to  $10  in  gold 
throughout,  with  a  pay-streak  of  from  eight  to 
twenty  inches  on  the  hanging  wall,  carrying 
$100  and  upwards  in  gold.  Discoveries  ex- 
tending from  North  and  South  Creeks  were 
made  in  the  summer  of  1895,  and  also  up  the 
Twisp  to  the  summit  of  the  pass.  The  follow- 
ing year  development  work  was  inaugurated. 
Eight  parallel  ledges  were  found  on  Gilbert 
Mountain  on  which  thirty  locations  were  im- 
mediately made.  The  same  belt  has  been  traced 
across  North  Creek  to  Clark's  Mountain.  Two 
great  main  ledges  with  many  cross-ledges  are 
on  Goat  Park  Mountain. 

The  Mountain  Goat  is  the  pioneer  claim  on 
Gilbert  [Mountain.  It  was  the  property  of  P. 
Gilbert,  Nelson  Clark,  A.  Raub,  George  Witte, 
Henry  Plummer  and  Frank  Thompson.  It  has 
two  ledges  five  and  three  and  one-half  feet 
wide,  one  of  them  with  a  cropping  so  strong 
that  it  is  visible  a  mile  distant,  standing  twelve 
feet  high  in  a  perpendicular  cliff.  A  fifteen  foot 
tunnel  showed  three  feet  of  free  milling  ore  sim- 
ilar to  that  of  the  Derby.  Surface  assays  ran 
from  $95  to  $387  in  gold. 

The  Big  Eight  [Mining  &  [Milling  Company 
were  proprietors  of  the  Big  Eight  group,  on 
which  the  two  main  [Mountain  Goat  ledges  run 


through  three  claims  from  base  to  summit  of 
the  mountain.  Eight  parallel  ledges  continue 
through  the  entire  group.  Ore  from  the  Moun- 
tain Goat  ledges  assayed  from  %2y  to  $280. 
Nelson  Clark  and  R.  J.  Danson  owned  the 
Washington  in  this  belt,  which  has  a  five-foot 
ledge  showing  ore  fairly  well  mineralized. 
Seven  claims  comprised  the  Portland  group 
owned  by  the  Consolidated  Twisp  [Mining  & 
Milling  Company.  The  ore  carries  $13  free 
gold  throughout,  though  two  assays  made  of 
the  drillings  from  the  tunnel  ran  $1,500  to 
$1,900. 

Between  walls  of  granite  and  gneiss  three 
great  ledges  crop  out  on  Goat  Park  Mountain, 
on  the  side  of  a  deep  gulch  on  the  north  slope. 
They  have  been  traced  a  distance  of  12.000 
feet.  They  show  red  oxidized  quartz  carrying 
free  gold,  but  at  from  two  to  ten  feet  below  the 
surface  the  ore  runs  into  copper  and  iron  sul- 
phides. Surface  ore  assays  from  $5  to  $88  in 
gold  besides  good  copper  values.  The  Orient 
group  of  four  claims  on  these  ledges  was 
owned  by  the  Orient  Gold  Mining  &  Milling 
Company.  These  ledges  crop  two  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  apart,  one  thirty-three  and  the  other 
twenty  feet  wide.  They  carry  free  gold  and 
sulphides,  one  mill  test  going  $15  in  gold.  The 
Ben  Lumnion  Gold  Mining  &  Milling  Com- 
pany had  six  claims  in  1897  on  the  same  ledge, 
E.  W.  Lockwood,  F.  M.  Scheble  and  O.  D. 
Johnson  had  the  Cumberland  on  Bear  Creek,  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountain,  on  a  sixteen-foot 
ledge  of  copper  sulphide  ore.  The  Crown 
Prince  group  of  four  claims  was  owned  by  J. 
H.  Shepard.  and  George  and  Edward  Witte, 
C.  F.  Wilke  and  Henry  Ramm  had  the  [Mar- 
shal Ney,  on  a  four-foot  ledge  showing  free 
gold  with  black  sulphurets  and  iron  and  copper 
sulphides. 

Among  other  mines  and  prospects  are  the 
Lone  Star  and  Cathedral,  on  Clark's  Mountain, 
the  Daisy,  the  White  Bear,  the  Chamter  of 
Commerce,  the  Lulu,  the  Flossie,  Summit, 
Princess  and  Yellow  Jacket.    The  Three  Links 


524 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Gold  Mining  Company  owned  three  claims  on 
the  summit  of  Twisp  Pass  on  a  twenty-foot 
ledge  cropping  for  three  thousand  feet  between 
walls  of  porphyry  and  granite.  Surface  ore 
assayed  from  $4  to  $12  in  gold;  two  and  one- 
half  ounces  in  silver  and  four  per  cent,  copper. 
The  Gold  Bar  group  of  five  and  one-half  claims 
is  on  several  ledges  of  sulphide  ore  cropping 
about  twenty  feet  wide  down  the  mountain  side. 
Assavs  ran  all  the  way  from  a  trace  to  $600  in 
gold  with  some  copper,  the  average  value  being 
about  S40.  The  Hattie  group  of  three  claims 
on  Elmer  Mountain,  near  the  Derby,  was 
owned  by  the  Twisp  River  Mining  &  Milling 
Company.  These  claims  were  discovered  late 
in  1896.  Assays  have  ranged  close  to  $100 
per  ton. 

The  Salmon  River  Mineral  District  was 
once  the  scene  of  great  excitement  throughout 
Washington.  But  it  suffered  with  all  other 
Okanogan  county  districts,  an  eclipse,  owing  to 
its  remoteness  from  means  of  steam  transpor- 
tation. Following  the  opening  of  the  Moses 
reservation  the  first  mineral  discoveries  were 
made  in  the  spring  of  1886,  on  Ruby  Hill,  a 
steep  mountain  rising  to  the  height  of  3,800 
feet  above  the  town.  Ledges  of  quartz  carry- 
ing silver  and  a  small  quantity  of  gold  were 
found  in  the  country  rock  of  granite  and  gneiss. 
The  ledges  run  a  little  west  of  north  and  east  of 
south,  and  pitch  about  twenty-two  and  one- 
half  degrees  east.  They  are  on  the  summit  of 
the  hill  ranging  in  width  six  feet  and  upward. 
Suljjhurets  are  found  carrying  from  ten  to  one 
hundred  ounces  of  silver  with  rich  pockets  of 
nati\e  wire  and  ruby  silver,  running  much 
higher,  and  an  average  of  $3  in  gold. 

John  Clonan,  Thomas  Donan,  William 
Milligan  and  Thomas  Fuller  made  the  orig- 
inal discoveries.  They  struck  a  ledge  about 
eighteen  feet. wide  which  ran  uniformly  from 
wall  to  wall  $14  in  gold  and  silver.  Here  they 
located  the  Ruby.  It  proved  to  be  the  lowest- 
grade  mine  on  the  hill.  The  First  Thought, 
on  a  parallel  ledge,   further  east,  was  located 


by  Patrick  McGreel,  Richard  Bilderback  and 
John  Clydostey.  This  ledge  is  thirty  to  forty 
feet  wide  on  the  surface,  running  about  $28  in 
gold  and  silver  its  whole  width.  The  discov- 
ery of  the  Fourth  of  July,  showing  the  richest 
ledge  on  the  hill,  and  the  Arlington,  was  next 
in  order  in  point  of  discovery.  But  attention 
was  soon  diverted  from  these  properties  by  the 
discovery  of  the  Peacock  by  John  Pecar,  and 
the  Lenora  by  James  Robinson  and  James  Gil- 
more,  on  Peacock  Hill,  northeast  of  Ruby  Hill. 
This  mineral  belt  was  found  to  extend 
northward  beyond  Conconully  to  Mineral  Hill, 
an  extension  of  the  same  ridge.  It  closes  in 
Salmon  river  on  the  west,  and  is  two  miles 
northwest  of  Conconully.  In  the  lime  belt  the 
ore  is  all  high-grade,  carrying  black  sulphurets 
of  sil\-er.  The  discoverers  of  the  Ruby  sold  it 
to  Jonathan  Bourne,  Jr.,  of  Portland,  Oregon. 
Tliis  was  after  a  fifty-foot  shaft  had  been  sunk, 
a  one  hundred- foot  tunnel  driven  and  Si, 000 
taken  from  a  rich  pocket.  A  number  of  Port- 
land people  formed  a  large  company  and  in- 
vested heavily.  Mv.  Bourne  incorporated  the 
Ruby  and  First  Thought  separately,  organized 
the  Washington  Reduction  Company,  put  in  a 
concentfating  plant  to  treat  the  ores,  and  ac- 
quired a  number  of  other  claims.  In  1888  the 
Arlington  Company,  of  which  "Sir.  Bourne  was 
president,  purchased  the  Arlington  mine  for 
$45,000  cash.  This  company  then  began  the 
erection  of  a  leeching  plant,  but  after  an  ex- 
penditure of  $130,000  on  this  and  other  work 
it  was  discovered  that  no  w-ater  could  lie  ob- 
tained on  the  site  selected,  although  there  was 
an  abundance  on  the  creek  two  hundred  feet 
below,  ^^'ork  was  suspenden,  and  of  the  ore 
which  had  accumulated  the  best  was  concen- 
trated at  the  Washington  Reduction  Company's 
mill. 
!  The  First  Thought,  on  which  ]\Ir.  Bourne 
then  went  to  work,  averaged  from  six  to  ten 
ounces  of  silver  and  $3  in  gold,  although  there 
were  rich  streaks  and  pockets  running  up  to  one 
hundred  ounces.     In  the  meantime  the  \\'ash- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


525 


ington  Reduction  Company  had  erected  a  con- 
centrator at  Ruby  and  a  cable  bucket  tramway 
a  mile  long  from  the  First  Thought  mine. 
When  silver  dropped  to  seventy  cents  the  mill 
was  stopped,  having  prodviced  about  $40,000  in 
concentrates,  clear  of  freight  and  treatment 
charges.  The  Fourth  of  July  was  purchased  by 
a  syndicate.  This  is  the  richest  ledge  on  the 
hill,  with  a  pay  streak  four  feet  wide.  One 
shipment  of  20  tons  paid  $480  a  ton  gold  and 
silver.  The  Wooloo  Mooloo  was  one  of  the 
tirst  locations  on  Ruby  Hill,  made  by  Hugh 
jMcCool  and  others.  The  eight  foot  ledge  car- 
ries black  sulphurets,  the  first  two  assays  from 
which  running  3,000  to  5,000  ounces  of  silver. 
The  discovery  claim  on  Anaconda  Hill  was 
the  Anaconda.  It  was  located  by  Thomas  Hig- 
strun  on  a  twenty-foot  ledge  of  chloride  ore. 
John  Rudberg  purchased  it  for  $10,000  and  re- 
sold it  to  Hale  &  Smith,  Zenophon  Steeves  and 
J.  C.  Moreland,  of  Portland,  for  $15,500,  he 
retaining  one-eighth  interest. 

"Tenas  George"'  Runnels  and  J.  C.  Boone 
located  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  near  the  foot  of 
Conconully  Lake.  This  was  about  the  time 
the  first  discoveries  were  made  on  Ruby  Hill, 
and  on  the  day  the  Moses  Indian  reservation 
was  thrown  open.  They  bonded  it  to  O.  B. 
Peck  for  $40,000,  Ijut  the  bond  was  subse- 
quently forfeited.  On  the  west  side  of  Sal- 
mon river,  a  mile  above  Conconully,  is  the  Lone 
Star,  located  by  Henry  C.  Lawrence.  There  is 
a  ledge  twenty-four  feet  wide  of  galena  ore 
which  assays  one  hundred  ounces  of  silver.  A 
considerable  quantity  of  ore  was  taken  out  at  am 
expense  of  $40,000.  The  Tough  Nut  lies  di- 
rectly across  the  river  from  the  Lone  Star,  and 
is  joined  by  the  Homestake.  On  the  north 
the  Lone  Star  is  joined  by  the  John  Arthur. 

On  Mineral  Hill,  where  the  Bridgeport 
Alining  &  Milling  Company  bought  five  claims, 
there  has  been  considerable  development. 
Double  compartment  shafts  were  sunk  125  feet 
on  one  claim  and  130  feet  on  another.  A  tun- 
nel was  run  160  feet  on  the  hill  above  the  latter. 


A  pair  of  hoisting  engines,  boilers,  air  com- 
pressor, two  machine  drills  and  a  saw  mill 
were  erected,  the  whole  representing  an  ex- 
penditure of  over  $30,000.  A  ten  ton  shipment 
of  ore  ran  $300,  of  which  $20  was  in  gold  and 
the  balance  silver.  Adjoining  this  group  is  the 
Buckhom,  on  the  west.  On  Mineral  Hill  is  the 
La  Euna.  For  this  property  T.  L.  Nixon,  of 
Tacoma,  paid  $10,000.  The  Mohawk  is  an- 
other Mineral  Hill  proposition  for  which  H.  C. 
Lawrence  refused  $30,000.  There  is  a  three- 
foot  ledge  of  high-grade  ore  running  over  300 
ounces  of  silver.  John  Stech,  of  Seattle,  paid 
$4,000  for  the  Independence,  on  the  same  hill. 
The  Pointer  adjoins  the  Tough  Nut  on  the 
south. 

Two  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Conconully, 
Salmon  River  Mining  District,  which  are  at- 
tracting considerable  attention  at  present  and 
upon  which  developmeut  is  in  progress,  are  the 
Bridgeport  Mining  Company's  properties  on 
Mineral  Hill,  and  the  Salmon  River  Mining 
Company's  on  Peacock  Mountain.  These  loca- 
tions are  rich  in  silver,  lead  and  copper.  The 
former  company  is  composed  of  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  capitalists,  and  the  latter  of  Min- 
nesota men.  Both  of  these  properties  bear  every 
indication  of  becoming  dividend  paying  mines. 

About  the  time  of  the  first  discoveries  on 
Salmon  river  the  late  ex-Lieutenant  Governor 
Charles  E.  Laughton  organized  a  company  to 
build  a  concentrator  to  treat  ores  on  the  cus- 
toms plan.  In  the  canyon  between  the  Tough 
Nut  and  the  Lone  Star  mines  he  erected  a  build- 
ing and  put  in  a  plant  consisting  of  a  rock 
crusher,  a  set  of  rollers  to  pulverize  the  rock, 
drum  screens  to  size  the  material  and  wooden 
jigs.  Much  of  the  mineral  escaped  with  the 
tailings  and  the  latter  were  richer  than  the  con- 
centrates, less  than  half  the  value  being  saved 
Miners  refused  to  furnish  ore  when  the  assay 
values  did  not  show  up  and  after  a  two-weeCs' 
run  the  machinery  stopped  forever. 

The  Silver  Bluff,  a  group  of  ten  claims  is  in 
the  lime  belt,  which  was  the  property  of  _the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Silver  Bluff  ]\Iining  &  >Iilling  Company.  The 
Belcher  is  another  claim  on  the  same  belt. 

There  is  another  "Ruby  mine"  in  the  north- 
ern portion  of  Okanogan  county.  Of  this  prop- 
erty Mr.  :M.  H.  Joseph  says : 

"Situated  in  the  northern  part  of  Okanogan 
county  on  the  International  Boundary  line  di- 
viding the  state  of  Washington  and  British 
Columbia,  Jklount  Chapacca,  one  of  the  great 
eastern  spurs  of  the  Cascade  range,  with  forty 
lofty  peaks,  tower  over  their  neighbors  to  ele- 
vations of  7,760,  and  nearly  8,000  feet  above 
sea  level.  Wild  and  rugged  in  its  physical  fea- 
tures and  general  aspect,  it  presents  a  typical 
home  for  the  numerous  mineral  veins  which 
traverse  it. 

"At  the  eastern  base,  about  two  and  one- 
half  miles  northwest  of  Palmer  Lake  and  about 
four  miles  south  of  the  British  Columbia  line, 
is  the  Ruby  mine,  now  becoming  prominent  on 
account  of  the  rich  ore  it  is  producing.  It  was 
discovered  by  A.  AI.  and  George  Reist  and  is 
now  owned  by  the  Ruby  Mining  Company,  of 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  of  which  J.  M.  Hagerty,  its 
president,  is  the  leading  spirit.  The  mine  is  at 
present  managed  by  Monroe  Herman.  It  is 
opened  by  two  cross-cut  tunnels,  the  upper  one 
intersecting  the  vein  at  about  forty  feet  on  its 
dip.  Drifts  were  driven  northerly  and  south- 
erly with  good  results,  and  the  lower  tunnel  was 
then  started  to  tap  the  xe'm  at  about  forty  feet 
on  its  dip.  It  enters  the  mountain  360  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  Similkameen  valley  and 
cutting  the  foot-wall  214  feet  from  the  portal, 
intersects  the  vein  about  eighteen  feet  in  width. 
The  ore  contains  pyrargj-rite,  stephanite  and 
other  allied  sulphantimonites  of  silver  with 
traces  of  copper.  Pyrargyrite  (dark  ruby  sil- 
ver) occurs  in  patches,  and  native  silver,  ar- 
gentite,  (arsenicd  sulphide  of  silver)  are  pres- 
ent. The  ore  al.so  contains  from  $2.50  to  $3  in 
gold  i)er  ton,  a  little  lead  in  the  form  of  bright 
steel  galena,  and  small  quantities  of  zinc  blende. 
The  gangue  is  crystalline  quartz.  Some  of  the 
ore  will  assay  from  $200  to  $1,000,  but  taken  as 


it  comes  the  shipping  ore  is  assorted  to  run  over 
.'^100  per  ton.  Thirty  tons  shipped  to  the  Hall 
mines  smelter,  at  Nelson,  British  Columbia, 
after  deducting  the  treatment  charges,  gave  net 
returns  of  $2,742,  and  twenty  tons  shipped, 
from  which  returns  have  not  yet  been  received, 
will  average  200  ounces  of  silver  per  ton,  in 
addition  to  the  gold  value,  as  shown  by  assay 
of  sack  samples.  The  lower  grade  ore  separ- 
ated in  assorting  is  being  piled  on  the  dump, 
to  be  concentrated  at  the  Gold  Zone  mill,  about 
two  and  one-half  miles  distant,  which  the  com- 
pany has  leased  for  a  year  for  experimental 
purposes.  Although  the  ore  is  going  to  the 
smelter  at  present,  it  is  evidently  a  natural  con- 
centrating product. 

"There  is  considerable  talc  and  talcose  ma- 
terial in  the  vein  which,  while  carrying  good 
values,  will  not  pay  to  ship,  and  a  method  will 
be  adopted  for  its  treatment  at  the  mill  not  yet 
decided  on.  The  Ruby  mine  is  now  paying 
expenses,  Avith  very  little  stopping  required.  At 
present  the  ore  is  sent  down  the  hill  by  an 
aerial  tramway  to  a  small  bin  at  the  base  of  the 
mountain,  but  a  survey  of  the  mine  has  recently 
been  completed,  and  it  is  intended  at  an  early 
date  to  start  a  new  tunnel  for  the  vein  at  an 
elevation  of  only  one  hundred  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  valley,  which  will  give  an  addi- 
tional vertical  depth  to  the  mine  workings  of 
259  feet  and  admit  of  driving  northeasterly  and 
gaining  a  depth  of  2,000  to  2,500  feet  on  the 
vein.  The  vein  is  traceable  at  the  surface  fully 
1,500  feet.  New  buildings  have  been  lately 
erected  for  an  office,  a  boarding  house  and  a 
comfortable  bunk  house  for  the  men  employed, 
of  whom  there  are  sixteen  on  two  shifts.  An 
additional  force  will  be  required  upon  the  start- 
ing of  the  new  tunnel." 

Speaking  of  the  Okanogan  county  Mineral 
Districts  the  Mining  ]]'orld,  of  August  15, 
1903,  said: 

"In  the  region  of  the  Upper  Methow  river 
and  tributaries  work  proceeds  favorably,  and 
there  is  every  encouragement  here  for  capital 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


5^7 


to  come  in  and  open  up  the  many  veins  ex- 
posed. A  satisfactory  gold-copper  property  is 
known  as  the  Goat  Creek  development,  consist- 
ing of  one  shaft  on  the  vein  and  400  feet  drift 
work  with  a  few  raises.  Distant  three  miles  is 
the  American  Flag  mine,  a  large  low-grade 
proposition  averaging  $6  to  $10  in  gold  and 
silver,  and  shows  1,000  feet  development. 
Formerly  a  twenty-stamp  mill  was  operated 
successfully,  but  the  increasing  baseness  of  the 
ore  made  it  unprofitable,  and  a  cyanide  plant 
is  now  being  erected. 

"J-  JM-  Hagerty,  chief  owner  of  the  Ruby 
mine,  Okanogan  county,  has  secured  the  Golden 
Zone  concentrator  to  be  installed  at  once  on 
Ruby  property.  Sufficient  ore  from  the  two 
tunnels  on  the  Ruby  can  probably  be  taken  to 
keep  the  concentrator  going  steadily.  While 
the  upper  workings  are  supplying  funds,  a 
main  tunnel  at  the  base  of  the  mountain  will 
probably  be  started  several  hundred  feet  below 
the  other  tunnels.  When  that  tunnel  cuts  the 
ledge  the  Ruby  should  be  in  shape  to  supply  a 
larger  plant  than  the  Zone.  Previously  only 
high-grade  ore  has  been  handled,  and  there  is 
lying  on  the  dump  a  great  quantity  of  low- 
grade,  now  able  to  be  treated  profitably." 

Discovery  of  gold  in  the  Methow  valley  is 


said  to  have  actually  occurred  atout  eighteen 
years  ago.  Among  the  numerous  stories  con- 
cerning this  event  the  following  appears  the 
most  probable,  as  it  is  vouched  for  by  a  number 
of  responsible  parties:  A  government  expedi- 
tion was  traveling  through  the  Methow  coun- 
try. "Captain  Joe,"  an  old  Methow  Indian  was 
employed  to  guide  the  party  through  the  coun- 
try. They  were  camped  at  one  time  on  the 
headwaters  of  \\'ar  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the 
Methow.  One  morning,  while  hunting  horses, 
Joe  stumbled  across  a  big  gold  ledge  cropping 
out  of  the  mountain.  Breaking  of¥  a  piece  he 
put  it  in  his  pocket,  but  said  nothing  to  the  gov- 
ernment party  concerning  his  "find,"  until  the 
next  day,  wdien  he  exhibited  the  rock  to  Col. 
F.  S.  Sherwood,  now  of  Colville,  Stevens 
county,  who  was  one  of  the  party.  They  went 
back  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  ledge,  but 
could  not  find  it.  When  Col.  Sherwood  arrived 
in  Portland  he  showed  the  piece  of  ore  and  it 
produced  great  excitement.  Quite  a  number  of 
prospectors  at  once  started  out  to  hunt  for  the 
ledge,  but  to  this  day  all  efforts  in  this  direction 
have  proved  unavailing.  More  recent  discov- 
eries on  Squaw  Creek  have  reminded  many  of 
the  "find"  made  by  "Captain  Joe." 


CHAPTER    IV. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


With  the  single  exception  of  Yakima, 
Okanogan  is  the  largest  county  in  the  state  of 
Washington.  The  area  of  the  former  is  5,784, 
of  the  latter,  5,318,  a  difference  of  only  466 
square  miles.  Previous  to  the  setting  off  of 
Chelan,  to  the  southwest,  Okanogan  county 
contained  upwards  of  8,000  square  miles,   a 


territory  rivalling  in  size  many  of  the  most 
prominent  states  in  the  union.  The  present  lim- 
its of  the  county  are  comprised  within  the  Inter- 
national boundary  on  the  north ;  the  Columbia 
river  on  the  south ;  Ferry  county  on  the  east ; 
Whatcom  county  on  the  west,  and  the  recently 
organized  county  of  Chelan  on  the  southwest. 


528 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


The  Chelan-Okanogan  boundary  is  a  line 
from  the  extreme  northeastern  portion  of  Ska- 
git county,  nearly  due  southeast,  to  a  point  on 
the  Columbia  river  a  few  miles  below  Pateros, 
in  Okanogan  county. 

The  Okanogan  river,  heading  in  Osoyoos 
lake,  on  the  International  boundary,  trends 
southward,  forming  a  confluence  with  the  Co- 
lumbia at  Brewster,  and  dividing  the  county  of 
Okanogan  into  two  nearly  equal  portions,  the 
western  part  being  somewhat  the  larger.  The 
territory  throughout  is  traversed  by  innumer- 
able streams  and  indented  by  beautiful  lakes, 
many  of  the  latter  lying  at  high  altitudes  among 
the  basins  formed  by  depressions  in  mountain 
peaks.  Of  these  picturesque  bodies  of  water, 
Omak  lake  is  the  most  extensive,  lying  to  the 
east  of  the  Okanogan  river  among  the  Bunch 
Grass  hills  of  the  Indian  reservation.  Among 
the  mountains  of  the  far  northwest  heads  the 
Methow  river,  the  general  trend  of  which  is 
southeasterly,  joining  the  Columbia  at  Pateros. 
This  stream  flows  through  the  finest  agricul- 
tural lands  in  Washington,  leaving  the  rich 
Okanogan  mining  district  to  the  left  on  its 
course  to  join  the  Columbia. 

In  contour  the  entire  country  is  decidedly 
mountainous.  A  non-technical  classification  of 
the  land  of  Okanogan  county  would  be  mineral, 
timber,  grazing  and  agricultural ;  all  of  these 
sources  are  rapidly  increasing  ones,  and  of  vast 
wealth  in  the  aggregate.  Although  the  surface 
of  the  country  presents  a  rugged  mountainous 
aspect,  difficulties  usually  encountered  in  moun- 
tain traveling  are  not  particularly  unpleasant, 
there  being  low  passes  through  almost  all  sec- 
tions, making  the  problem  of  road  construction 
a  comparatively  easy  one.  While  the  country 
is  thus  broken  into  bold  and  frowning  foot- 
hills, a  great  many  productive  ranches  nestle 
along  the  bench  lands  and  in  the  \alleys  of  the 
streams.  The  problem  of  transportation  by 
rail  is  the  only  serious  one  remaining  tu  Ije 
solved  by  a  class  of  progressive  citizens  repre- 


senting mining,  lumbering,  stock-raising  and 
diversified  agricultural  industries. 

No  one  general  statement  can  satisfactorily 
cover  the  question  of  soil  elements  in  Okanogan 
county.  The  most  familiar  character  is  sandy. 
Under  favorable  cultivation  it  is  found  arable 
and  generously  productive.  The  climate  in- 
cludes a  variety  of  temperatures.  It  is  in  this 
matter  that  individual  taste  must  be  consulted. 
While  climatic  conditions  vary  with  the  great 
range  of  altitude,  extremes  during  either  sum- 
mer or  winter  are  not  considered  excessive. 
The  climate  of  Okanogan  county  cannot  be 
justly  called  dry,  in  the  sense  that  this  term  is 
applied  to  other  sections  of  the  country,  for 
summer  showers  are  of  frequent  occurrence, 
and  the  snowfall  is  about  normal  for  these  lati- 
tudes. However,  the  highest  degree  of  pro- 
ductiveness of  land  is  gained  by  irrigation.  Yet 
it  is  equally  true  that  productive  possibilities 
are  fairly  good  from  land  inaccessible  to  arti- 
ficial irrigation. 

A  graphic  description  of  Okanogan  county, 
thought  it  be  drawn  ever  so  vividly,  fails  to 
convey  to  a  reader  exactly  the  desired  impres- 
sion. There  is  no  sameness  of  scenery ;  every- 
where it  is  varied,  although  its  general  effect  is 
grand  and  imposing.  Perhaps  one  of  the  most 
favorable  stage  routes — and  at  present  there  is 
nothing  in  the  line  of  passenger  transportation 
save  stages  and  the  short  strip  of  summer  river 
travel  up  the  Okanogan  from  Brewster  to 
Riverside — is  from  Republic  through  Wau- 
conda,  Bodie,  Chesaw,  INIolson,  Oroville. 
Loomis,  and  southward  to  Conconully.  the 
capital  of  the  county.  This  route  may  be  varied 
by  including  in  the  itinerary.  Bolster  and  Kip- 
ling, of  which  descriptions  are  elsewhere  given. 
It  was  the  fortune  of  the  writer  to  make  the 
first  mentioned  succession  of  stages  in  the  mid- 
dle of  winter  previous  to  the  holidays  of  1903. 

It  is  only  a  few  miles  from  Republic,  the 
capital  of  Ferry  cmmty,  to  the  Okanogan  line, 
yet  the  "Summit"  between  Republic  and  Bodie 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


529 


is  not  crossed  within  a  distance  of  between  fif- 
teen and  eighteen  miles.  The  roads  were  found 
to  be  exceptionally  good,  the  air  invigorating 
and  the  grades,  as  a  rule,  easy,  although  to  gain 
this  possibility,  it  became  necessary  at  times  to 
pass  over  many  devious  and  winding  convolu- 
tions. It  is  well  to  recall  the  fact  that  in  the 
matter  of  road-building  the  commissioners  of 
the  northern  tier  of  counties  in  Washington 
expend  considerable  sums  of  money  and  that, 
too,  judiciously  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
a  large  majority  of  the  tax-payers.  Owing  to 
the  absence  of  rail  transportation  the  necessity 
for  this  will  be  readily  perceived. 

One  of  the  most  lovely  portions  of  the  drive 
between  Republic  and  Chesaw  passes  through 
Lost  Canyon,  a  sombre  mountain  gorge,  heav- 
ily timbered  with  stately  pines  and  firs,  a  few 
miles  southeast  of  Chesaw.  The  present  time 
of  stage  arrival  at  this  point  is  about  six  o'clock 
p.  m.,  and  one  has  then  been  on  the  road  from 
Republic  nearly  eleven  hours,  including  a  wait 
of  an  hour  at  Bodie  for  lunch.  Most  of  the 
Okanogan  traveling  is  by  easy  stages,  and  the 
drive  from  Chesaw  to  Oroville,  on  the  Okona- 
gan  river,  occupied  a  fair  portion  of  the  follow- 
ing day,  with  lunch  at  an  elegant,  large  hotel 
— an  innovation  in  the  wilderness — at  Molson. 
This  route  between  Chesaw  and  Oroville  is  not 
so  picturesque,  perhaps,  as  the  one  between  Re- 
public and  Chesaw,  from  a  scenic  view  point, 
yet  it  includes  sufficient  exhilarating  variety  to 
satisfy  the  most  ardent  admirer  of  Dame  Na- 
ture. On  this  route  Mt.  Bonaparte,  one  of  the 
highest  altitudes  in  Okanogan  county,  is  left  to 
the  south.  The  town  of  "Oro,"  as  the  name  is 
generally  abbreviated,  lies  at  the  base  and  to  the 
east  of  Mt.  Ellemeham,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Similkameen  and  Okanogan  rivers. 

Six  miles  west  of  Chesaw,  on  the  state  road 
to  Oro,  is  a  rugged  pile  known  as  the  "Hee 
Hee  Stone."  It  is  a  large  upright  boulder, 
somewhat  in  the  shape  of  the  human  body,  and 
is  the  object  of  worship  among  the  Indians. 
There  are  many  stories  concerning  this  stone, 


but  the  most  popular  among  them  appears  to  be 
the  following : 

Many  years  ago  there  were  two  rival  tribes 
of  Indians  in  this  part  of  the  country ;  one  on 
the  Okanogan  and  the  other  on  the  banks  of 
Meyers  creek.  These  two  tribes  were  continu- 
ally at  war  with  one  another,  like  the  Capulets 
and  Montagues,  and  during  the  course  of  a 
desperate  battle  the  chief  of  the  Okanogan 
tribe  was  captured.  The  handsome  daughter 
of  the  chief  of  the  Meyers  Creek  tribe  nursed 
him  through  a  dangerous  illness,  with  the  usual, 
but  romantic  result.  They  fell  in  love  with 
each  other  and  determined  to  elope.  The  chief 
of  the  Okanogans,  praying  to  the  Great  Spirit, 
had  a  vision  in  which  it  was  revealed  that  they 
would  escape  and  be  happy  providing  the  prin- 
cess did  not  look  back.  But,  woman-like,  after 
she  thought  they  were  safe  on  the  way,  she  did 
look  back,  and  laughed,  whereat  she  was  turned 
into  stone  for  her  disobedience. 

From  that  period,  the  legend  runs,  a  legend 
combining  the  elements  of  Lot's  wife  and  Ro- 
meo and  Juliet,  the  Indians  have  never  ceased 
to  worship  this  rock,  invariably  leaving  some- 
thing upon  it  as  they  pass  by.  At  present  it  is 
strewn  with  a  motley  array  of  old  clothes,  silk 
handkerchiefs,  leather  straps,  small  pieces  of 
money,  arrow  heads,  etc. 

There  is,  however,  still  another  version  of 
the  story  of  this  mythical  monument  in  the 
wilderness.  It  is  one,  too,  having  a  wild,  su- 
perstitious strain  quite  frequently  observed  in 
Indian  folk-lore.  This  version  was  related  by 
a  youthful  red  man  to  the  editor  of  the  Meyers 
Creek  Ncivs.  The  Indian  prefaced  his  story 
with  the  observation  that  there  were  many  tra- 
ditions concerning  the  Hee  Hee  Stone,  but  he 
could  contribute  but  one.     He  said : 

"That  story  of  an  Indian  chieftan  watching 
a  battle  l:)etween  Mt.  Chapacca  and  Mt.  Baldy 
while  he  was  standing  on  the  Hee  Hee  Stone, 
and  about  his  laughing  when  Mt.  Baldy  crushed 
in  the  sides  of  Mt.  Chapacca  is  all  nonsense. 
So  is  the  story  of  the  long  fight  between  two 


530 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOX. 


tribes  during  which  an  Indian  maiden  was  cap- 
tured fr(jni  the  Nez  Perces,  who,  on  looking 
toward  the  home  of  her  people,  to  the  east, 
against  the  commands  of  her  captors,  was 
turned  into  the  rock  which  is  now  the  Hee  Hee 
Stone.  Those  stories  are  only  repeated  among 
white  men  and  Chinamen.  I  will  give  you  the 
true  story : 

"The  Siwashes  (generic  term  for  all  In- 
dians) have  always  lived  here.  We  were  chas- 
ing deer  in  the  Okanogan  country  long  before 
your  Adam  was  introduced  to  his  Kloocth, 
(Eve)  and  were  happy  on  these  hills  and  in 
these  valleys  hundreds  of  years  before  any 
Chinamen  ever  lived.  Along  about  the  time 
Chief  Abraham  started  up  in  business  in  West- 
ern Asia  the  Indians  along  the  Okanogan  be- 
came afflicted  with  some  distemper,  not  unlike 
leprosy,  and  it  threatened  to  destroy  the  whole 
nation.  The  priest  of  the  Siwashes  talked 
everv  day  with  the  Great  Spirit  who  told  him  to 
tell  his  children  that  he  would  send  a  messenger 
to  talk  to  them,  and  that  on  a  certain  day  all 
the  people  should  gather  at  the  place  named  to 
receive  the  courier  of  the  skies.  The  place  des- 
ignated was  the  same  stone  which  is  so  rever- 
enced by  us.  On  the  day  appointed  the  Si- 
washes. for  hundreds  of  miles  were  gathered 
here,  all  arrayed  in  the  newest  buckskins,  and 
all,  of  course,  anxious  to  see  whether  or  not  the 
priest,  who  was,  also  the  medicine  man,  had 
told  the  truth  or  was  only  dreaming.  At  ten 
o'clock  in  the  morning  the  priest  pointed  to- 
ward Mt.  Bonaparte  and  thousands  of  eyes 
looked  in  tliat  direction.  Soon  an  object  ap- 
l)eared  in  tiie  southern  skies  which  assumed  the 
f'lrni  of  an  angel,  and  before  the  astonished 
Siwashes  could  fall  upon  their  faces  the 
liea\enly  visitor  had  alighted  on  the  Hee  Hee 
Stone. 

"She  was  radiantly  l^eautiful  and  immedi- 
ately began  to  talk  to  the  afflicted  people.  She 
told  them  that  their  cry  for  help  had  been  heard 
bv  the  Great  Spirit  and  that  she  had  come  to 
iielp  them.     She  invited  all  who  were  suffering 


from  the  epidemic  to  come  near  her  and  l)e 
healed.  Within  a  short  time  the  army  of  in- 
valids was  transformed  into  a  host  of  shouting 
Siwashes,  exulting  in  the  perfect  health  that 
had  been  given  them.  Their  benefactress  ex- 
plained to  them  that  siie  would  come  again 
sometime,  but  that  they  must  use  the  means 
that  she  would  provide  if  they  desired  to  retain 
their  good  health  which  she  had  given  them. 
She  then  distributed  camas  seed  among  them 
and  urged  that  they  be  planted  everywhere,  the 
roots  of  which  when  eaten  would  prevent  a  re- 
turn of  the  malady  from  which  they  had  suf- 
fered. She  bade  them  be  of  good  cheer,  to 
deal  justly  with  one  another,  and  that  some 
time  she  would  come  again. 

"While  the  shouts  that  greeted  this  an- 
nouncement were  echoing  over  these  hills,  she 
was  caught  up  in  the  air  and  floated  away  in 
the  southern  skies  whence  she  came,  and  e\'er 
since  she  has  been  known  to  the  Siwashes  as 
Queen  Camas,  the  divine  visitor  from  the  sky 
that  healed  our  people.  Now,  is  it  a  wonder, 
white  man,  that  the  pious  Siwashes  for  thou- 
sands of  years  have  drawn  nigh  this  rock  and 
have  left  upon  it  those  tokens  of  affection  that 
you  always  see  exhibited  there?  When  they 
are  left  there  the  act  and  gift  are  in  memory  of 
the  beautiful  Queen  Camas  who  came  and  saved 
our  people,  and  some  time  she  will  come  to  us 
again." 

Seven  o'clock  on  a  raw  December  morning 
may  be  considered  an  inauspicious  hour  at 
which  to  begin  a  twenty-mile  drive  to  Loomis. 
But  on  the  whole  it  was  exhilerating — and  the 
walking  was  good.  For  there  are  heavy  grades 
in  the  foot-hills  of  Mt.  EUameham,  which  must 
be  surmounted  pedestrianwise  or  endure  the 
pangs  of  witnessing  the  palpable  agonies  of  a 
pair  of  jack-rabbit  cayuses  struggling  with  the 
almost  impossible. 

The  driver,  who  has  been  delayed  somewhat 
overtime,  peremptorily  announces  that  those 
who  are  going  with  him  must  be  ready  to  de- 
part.    Trunks  and  other  impedimenta  are  left 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


531 


behind  to  follow  the  next  trip,  a  stinging  whip- 
lash cnrls  through  the  air,  and  the  '"stage,"  an 
uncovered  hack  of  limited  proportions,  dashes 
a  mile  down  grade  to  the  east  bank  of  the 
Similkameen  river.  Here  is  a  ferry;  the  stream 
swollen  bank  full  and  running  with  ice.  The 
hack-full  of  passengers  rolls  on  to  the  Ijoat; 
a  couple  of  miners  mounted  on  cayuses ;  an 
Indian  "buck"  clothed  in  fringed  leggins  and 
a  ^lackinaw  in  colors  of  brilliant  and  startling 
design ;  an  Indian  boy  whose  ears  are  tied  up  in 
a  blue,  polka-dot  handkerchief,  drift  on  to  the 
boat  in  the  rear  of  the  "stage."  An  old  man  of 
Homeric  visage — an  animated  Rembrandtain 
Charon — cjuietly  informs  us  that  we  must 
"help  work  the  craft  across  stream,"  with  the 
added  ominous  suggestion  that  we  "will  be  in 
luck  if  we  get  over  at  all  with  so  much  drift 
ice  in  the  river."  Following  this  admonition 
everyone,  including  the  Indian  boy,  and  exclud- 
ing the  Mackinawed  Siwash,  bears  a  hand,  and 
the  passage  of  the  Similkameen  is  made  in 
safety. 

Two  miles  beyond,  after  a  humming  ride 
along  the  frozen  bottom  lands  of  the  river, 
mountain  climbing  recommences.  The  scenery 
is  rugged,  sublime,  yet  constantly  varying  in 
contour  and  topographical  presentation.  We 
toil  laboriously  over  one  precipitous  height  to 
be  confronted  with  another  of  sharper  declivity. 
The  road,  a  passably  good  one,  winds  a  serpen- 
tine course  nearly  the  entire  distance  between 
Oroville  and  Loomis,  accentuated  with  abrupt 
curves  at  which  one  wonders  what  would  occur 
should  another  vehicle  be  encountered  in  these 
wild  and  awesome  passes.  In  the  foot-hills 
one  continually  hovers  between  sunrise  and 
sunset.  There  are  points  in  the  valleys,  gulches 
and  canyons  where  the  sun,  during  the  shortest 
days  of  winter,  never  rises.  A  cold  Wind 
sweeps  over  the  lower  levels,  as  though  pneu- 
matically sucked  through  the  canyons;  higher 
and  along  the  mountain  sides  the  atmosphere 
is  milder. 

Suddenlv   a   scene  unfolds  magnificant   in 


its  pastoral  beauty — twin  lakes  hung  high  in 
the  mountain  fastnesses,  one  on  either  side  of 
the  roadway.  They  are  small,  nearly  circular, 
the  larger  one  perhaps  half  a  mile  in  diameter, 
and  both  of  them  animated  by  the  presence  of 
hundreds  of  wild  ducks.  A  few  miles  further 
on  and  we  gain  the  charming  banks  of  Lake 
Wanicutt,  a  much  larger  body  of  water  from 
whose  margin  rise  huge,  rocky  mountains, 
nearly  sheer  and  vertical  from  the  broad  level 
of  this  sylvan  lake.  Here,  about  midway  the 
length  of  the  lake,  is  the  little  hamlet  of  Golden, 
with  a  telephone  office,  and  a  few  scattering 
picturesque  homes.  Leaving  Golden,  at  one 
period  a  town  of  no  little  importance  so  far  as 
commercial  activity  is  concerned,  but  now  re- 
tired from  active  competition  with  villages  once 
in  its  class,  the  smooth  roadway  follows  the 
north  bank  of  Spectacle  lake,  so  called  from  the 
resemblance  of  its  meandering  to  a  pair  of 
eye-glasses.  In  reality  these  are  two  small 
o\'al  lakes  connected  by  a  stream  of  water,  the 
whole  about  two  miles  in  length.  From  the 
western  end  of  Spectacle  lake  it  is  only  a  short 
dash  into  the  brisk  and  enterprising  camp  of 
"Loomis-On-The-Sinlahekin." 

And  now  we  are  in  the  heart  of  the  Palmer 
Mountain  mining  district,  perhaps  the  most 
famous  throughout  the  entire  length  and 
breadth  of  Okanogan  county.  Of  this  portion 
of  the  country  Mr.  L.  K.  Hodges  has  written 
in  his  exhaustive  work,  "Mining  in  the  Pacific 
Nortlm'cst." 

"Palmer  Mountain  is  a  great  broad  ridge, 
ten  miles  long  from  north  to  south  and  about 
six  miles  across,  with  numerous  small  peaks 
marked  by  cliffs  of  white  dolomite.  The  for- 
mation of  the  mountain  is  diorite  on  the  south- 
ern slope,  extending  as  far  as  the  summit,  and 
on  the  northern  portion  this  is  intersected  by 
dikes  of  black  slate  and  serpentine.  The  east- 
ern portion  consists  of  slate  capped  with  dolo- 
mite, which  forms  high  white  walls  noticeable 
through  all  the  country  around,  while  further 
east  are  large  dikes  of  wildly  contorted  dolo- 


532 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mite  extending  to  the  Okanogan  river.  The 
black  slate  is  only  here  and  there  overlaid  with 
dolomite,  where  the  latter  has  resisted  glacial 
action.  Minerals  have  been  found  in  all  these 
formations.  On  the  eastern  slope  are  veins  of 
silver-lead  ore  carrying  a  good  percentage  of 
gold  in  contacts  of  dolomite  and  black  slate. 
Through  the  black  slate  running  on  north  and 
south  lines  are  great  quartz  veins  carrying  gold, 
on  which  are  the  Triune,  Spokane  and  Wehe 
groups.  On  the  northern  part  of  the  mountain, 
in  the  black  slate,  are  large,  prominent  ledges 
carrying  high-grade  silver  ore,  as  well  as  a 
good  percentage  of  gold,  on  which  are  the  Ivan- 
hoe,  Empire  and  Bullfrog. 

"In  the  serpentine  and  black  slate  contacts 
which  extend  on  the  northwest  side  to  Mt.  El- 
lameham  and  on  the  west  overlook  Palmer 
lake  are  some  of  the  richest  gold-bearing  veins 
on  the  mountain,  among  which  are  the  Lead- 
ville  group  and  the  Bunker  Hill.  On  the  south 
end  in  the  diorite  are  gold-bearing  veins  carry- 
ing a  small  percentage  of  silver,  on  which  are 
the  Black  Bear,  War  Eagle,  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral, Grand  Summit  and  a  large  number  of 
others,  coursing  northwest  and  southeast.  Iron 
caps  are  found  in  the  diorite  identical  in  char- 
acter and  in  identical  formation  with  those 
across  the  International  Boundary,  and  they 
also  occur  of  large  size  in  diorite  walls  in  the 
syenitic  formation  to  the  west,  which  runs 
through  Aeneas  Mountain,  Douglas  Mountain, 
Gold  Hill  and  Mt.  Chapacca.  Palmer  Moun- 
tain shows  surface  disturbance  which  accounts 
for  the  breaking  over  of  some  of  the  ledges,  for 
as  depth  is  attained  it  is  found  that  they  are 
permanent  and  that  the  break-over  is  merely  a 
surface  disturbance.  This  is  proven  in  the 
Black  Bear,  where  the  greatest  depth  has  been' 
reached,  and  agrees  with  the  experience  at  the 
Cariboo  mine  at  Camp  McKinney,  B.  C,  which 
is  on  the  same  geological  formation  and  shows 
the  same  surface  displacement.  These  disturb- 
ances caused  many  prospectors  to  think  their 
ledges   near   the   surface  had   given   out,  and 


scared  away  some  timid  investors  who  were  in- 
experienced in  mining."' 

As  there  are  other  lines  of  travel  between 
Loomis  and  Oroville  let  us  examine  another  as 
seen  through  the  observant  eyes  of  Mr.  Frank 
M.  Dallam,  proprietor  of  the  Palmer  Mountain 
Prospector,  published  at  Loomis : 

"There  are  three  routes  to  the  village  on  the 
Similkameen  (Oroville),  two  over  Palmer 
Mountain  and  one  out  around  the  eastern  foot 
of  that  immense  elevation.  The  two  across  the 
mountain  are  like  a  ledge  divided  by  a  great 
"horse,"  as  they  start  together,  split  asunder  at 
Spectacle  lake,  and  again  join  at  Golden,  con- 
tinuing together  to  Oroville.  *  *  *  All 
along  the  road  across  Palmer  are  indications  of 
the  presence  at  some  time  in  the  past  of  the 
prospector.  Mounds  of  rocks,  dumps,  tun- 
nels and  shafts  are  scattered  through  the  hills. 
No  great  work  has  been  accomplished  on  any 
one  of  these  numerous  claims,  and  there  was, 
in  1897,  at  the  time  of  this  writing,  no  mine 
in  operation,  but  all  the  labor  required  to  make 
these  holes  and  get  out  that  dumpage  represents 
in  the  aggregate  a  vast  amount  of  hard  blows. 
The  land  is  not  altogether  given  up  to  mining, 
as  here  and  there  on  the  benches  and  draws 
where  springs  exist  are  scattered  ranches  upon 
which  good  crops  can  be  grown.  Upon  de- 
scending the  grade  into  the  depression  separat- 
ing the  main  mountain  from  the  Whiskey  Hill 
spur  the  road  passes  numerous  veins  of  quartz 
croppings.  Wehville  is  a  conspicuous  object  at 
the  foot  of  the  last  heavy  grade  (near  Oro- 
ville). The  'ville"  of  the  former  is  made  up 
of  two  cabins  and  an  innumerable  collection  of 
dumps  giving  the  land  the  appearance  of  being 
pitted  by  small-pox.  The  Wehe  brothers  oc- 
cupy this  site,  and  their  holdings  extend  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  eye.  Several  letlges  run 
through  the  country  they  possess,  and  large 
bumps  of  handsome  quartz  indicate  where  the 
drill  has  been  industriously  used.  There  are 
tunnels  and  shafts,  cuts  and  drifts  in  abund- 
ance, and  if  the  hard-working  crowd  do  not 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


533 


strike  it  it  will  not  Ije  on  account  of  lack  of 
perseverance.  A  short  distance  beyond,  and 
near  Wanicutt  lake,  a  charming  little  body  of 
water  a  couple  of  miles  long,  and  from  a  quar- 
ter to  half  a  mile  wide,  is  Golden.  Golden  is 
not  a  metropolis,  but  the  day  has  been  when  it 
was  a  pretty  swift  little  place.  There  are  in- 
dications of  a  shortage  of  population  just  now, 
but  when  the  surrounding  mines  are  once  again 
in  operation  the  town  will  again  hum.  The  site 
is  well  chosen.  It  is  a  pretty  location,  perfectly 
level  and  of  ample  dimensions  for  a  city.  A 
mile  away  the  cough  of  steam  and  the  thump  of 
the  stamps  of  the  Tribune  mill  indicates  that 
something  is  going  on  in  the  vicinity.  The 
stamp  mill  of  the  Spokane  mine,  now  silent 
and  deserted,  is  located  a  few  hundred  yards 
north  of  the  town.  A  couple  of  miles  further 
on  is  Blue  Lake,  a  mountain  pool  of  beautiful 
blue,  but  deceptive  in  appearance,  as  the  fluid  is 
about  as  palatable  as  soap  suds,  it  being  strong- 
ly inpregnated  with  alkali.  Down  a  long  grade 
the  road  winds  into  the  valley.  Another  stretch 
of  a  few  miles  and  the  road  crosses  the  Simil- 
kameen  river  at  a  ford,  and  the  town  of  Oro- 
ville  that  has  been  in  view  since  leaving  the  hill 
is  reached.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Similkameen  river,  only  a  short  distance 
from  where  that  river  mingles  its  waters  with 
those  of  the  Okanogan.  The  land  between  the 
two  rivers  is  perfectly  flat  and  only  ten  or 
twelve  feet  above  the  present  low  stage  of 
water." 

North  of  Conconully,  south  of  Loomis  and 
about  twenty  miles  west  of  the  Okanogan  is  the 
beautiful  Sinlahekin  valley,  one  of  the  fairest 
tracts  in  Okanogan  county.  Of  the  "Meeting 
of  the  Waters"  Tom  Moore  has  sung: 

"There  is  not  in  the  wide  world  a  valley  so  sweet, 
As  that  vale  in  whose  bosom  the  bright  waters  meet." 

Thrown  into  poetical  diction  this  descrip- 
tion aptly  applies  to  the  valley  of  the  Sinlahe- 
kin. Nature,  lavish  in  blending  the  topography 
of  Okanogan  into  scenic  beauiy,  presents  no 


fairer  landscape  east  of  the  Cascade  range. 
From  any  portion  of  the  town  of  Loomis  its 
beauties  may  be  contemplated,  and  were  its 
rare  features  skillfully  delineated  by  an  artist 
the  eye  could  scarcely  gaze  upon  a  lovelier  can- 
vased  picture.  Wedged  in  between  parallel 
ranges  of  corrugated  elevations,  this  valley  is 
charming  at  any  season  of  the  year.  Through 
its  lowest  level  a  pretty  stream  of  limpid  water 
ripples  its  oddly  sinuous  way,  to  be  joined  by 
a  jolly,  boisterous  brook,  really  the  larger  of 
the  two  streams,  that  leaps  and  tumbles  down 
its  rocky  bed  from  high  up  among  the  giant 
piles  that  form  Mt.  Chapacca.  Like  the  catar- 
act of  Lodore  it  bounds  and  leaps  in  the  initial 
stages  of  its  journey  to  the  Sinlahekin,  assum- 
ing a  more  decorous  and  milder  mood  just  be- 
fore it  mingles  with  the  staid  and  stately  cur- 
rent that  drains  the  vale  through  which  it  flows, 
only  a  short  distance  from  the  point  where  it 
loses  its  identity  in  the  bosom  of  the  lake.  The 
lustrous  tints  of  autumn  enhance  its  beauty ;  it 
is  attractive  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  even 
when  the  fingers  of  frost  have  clutched  its 
gurgling  throat  and  stifled  the  babble  of  its 
torrential  course.  From  certain  elevations  a 
view  of  the  Sinlahekin  valley  may  be  gained  for 
miles.  The  water  course  stands  out  boldly 
marked,  winding  its  crooked  way,  embowered 
in  brilliant  yellow  foliage,  streaked  here  and 
there  with  green,  brown  and  red,  as  though 
Nature  in  weaving  this  varigrated  ribbon  had 
mixed  with  the  woof  the  warp  of  the  rainbow. 
Quaint  homesteads  nestle  in  the  umbrageous 
foliage  surrounded  by  stretches  of  open  glebe 
and  pastures  green.  These  are  dotted  with  tran- 
quilly grazing  cattle.  From  either  side  steep, 
stony  mountains  rear  their  bald  or  timber-cov- 
ered pates,  high  above  the  plain,  with  gnarled 
and  knotty  pines,  cedars  and  firs  clinging  ten- 
aciously to  the  scanty,  arid  soil  which  contrib- 
utes to  their  sturdy,  storm-defying  life.  Oc- 
casionally a  more  ambitious  pinnacle  is  silvered 
with  scintillating  snow.  To  the  north  glitter 
the  undulating  waters  of  Palmer  Lake.    Of  this 


534 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


beautiful  section  of  the  country  Mr.  Dallam 
writes : 

"From  Loomis  the  way  extends  for  two 
miles  north  at  the  very  foot  of  Palmer  Moun- 
tain. On  one  side  the  beetling  crags  and  grassy 
slopes  of  the  mountain  hang  above  the  road  or 
stretch  far  up  into  the  zenith,  making  one's 
legs  fairly  ache  merely  to  imagine  the  exertion 
necessary  to  top  its  summit.  Its  face  is  as 
varied  as  the  disposition  of  a  wayward  beauty, 
and  the  constantly  changing  aspect  adds  fresh 
interest  at  every  turning.  Here  the  brown 
rocks  shoot  up  for  many  feet,  a  sheer  precipice, 
with  huge  fragments  poising  like  living  things 
as  if  preparing  for  a  mighty  spring  upon  the 
unwary  passer-by.  Here  a  brawny  pine,  cling- 
ing with  loving  fondness  to  a  barren  stone, 
waving  its  branches  in  apparent  glee  far  over 
the  heads  of  modest  neighbors,  leaving  the  ga- 
zer to  wonder  by  what  strange  freak  the  ger- 
minating seed  ever  fell  where  it  did,  and  creat- 
ing a  greater  wonder,  without  the  sign  of  soil 
in  sight,  that  it  ever  found  a  foothold  in  the 
roots  that  anchored  it  to  the  spot.  Again  wide 
slides  conspicuously  marked  the  face  of  the 
eminence,  commencing  far  up  the  side  at  the 
apex  of  a  triangle  and  spreading  widely  out  as 
it  reached  the  level,  including  stones  of  all  sizes, 
as  though  the  spirit  giants  of  the  hills  had  put 
their  e\il-doers  upon  the  chain-gang  and  given 
them  the  whole  mountain  to  clear  away. 

"The  elements  have  been  at  work,  and  the 
corroding  hand  of  time  has  made  its  imprint 
upon  the  sturdy  mount  as  it  tloes  upon  the  work 
of  short-lived  man.  Rain,  snow,  ice  and  heat 
have  crumbled  rocks  and  flung  down  trees  and 
tinted  the  ledges  varied  hues.  The  desecrating 
hand  of  man  has  not  been  idle.  Here  and  there 
along  the  broken,  undulating  and  indented  face 
of  the  clififs  stare  out  the  mouths  of  tunnels 
and  prospect  holes,  black,  threatening  eves  that 
mark  the  places  where  in  quest  of  gain  the  hard 
iron  has  punctured  the  massive  rock.  Further 
on  old  Palmer  reaches  out  one  claw  to  leave 
it  on  the  ice-cold  waters  of  the  lake,  and  hard 


was  the  task  to  divorce  the  rock  and  water  and 
make  a  place  upon  which  to  travel.  And  every 
spring  this  lake,  believing  not  in  general  utility, 
and  the  right  of  way  thereby,  swells  in  its  pride 
of  pristine  beauty  and  reaches  far  up  to  embrace 
the  unrequiting  rock  and  for  days  dashes  pretty 
wavelets  above  the  passageway. 

"The  lake  itself  is  a  dainty  gem ;  its  moun- 
tain setting  outlined  on  its  peaceful  b  isom.  In 
shape  it  is  like  the  moon  at  the  first  quarter, 
and  fills  a  space  of  several  miles  in  length  and 
from  a  hundred  yards  to  a  mile  in  width.  It  is 
like  liquid  crystal,  of  the  blue  that  in  a  woman's 
eye  touches  the  chord  of  love,  and  were  it  set 
down  somewhere  on  European  soil  the  aesthetic 
tourist,  with  a  weakness  for  rapture,  would  go 
into  ecstacy  over  its  attractive  beauties.  As  it 
is,  presumably,  'tis  but  a  pond  where  the  pil- 
grim prospector  quenches  his  burning  thirst — 
for  it  is  cold  the  summer  through — the  Indian 
pitches  his  wigwam,  and  the  rolliking  young- 
ster, with  a  rude  and  shapeless  twig  casts  out 
his  line  to  lure  the  finny  inhabitants  to  a  frying- 
pan. 

But  the  attraction  of  the  drive  is  not  con- 
fined to  the  ridge  of  stone  that  crawls  down  to 
bar  the  way  on  the  east.  On  the  other  hand 
spreads  out  the  valley  of  the  babbling  Sinlahe- 
kin,  narrow  but  fertile,  every  foot  of  which  is 
occupied  by  the  thrifty  settler,  or  is  set  apart 
by  benign  and  open-handed  government  for  the 
benefit  of  the  favored  redman.  The  stream  that 
is  fed  by  the  springs  and  snows  and  glaciers  far 
up  in  the  mountain  fastness,  is  cold  and  clear 
and  abounds  in  trout.  Its  banks  are  fringed 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  trees  and  underbrush 
bearing  a  light  green  foliage.  The  farms  that 
have  been  cleared  by  years  of  laborious  toil 
are  limited  in  extent,  but  exceedingly  fertile, 
and  where  the  providence  of  the  occupant  has 
planted  fruits  the  orchards  are  thrifty  and  l:)ear 
rich  and  abundant  harvests.  The  calm  and 
peace  and  apparent  comfort  that  surround  these 
houses,  humble  though  they  be  in  appearance, 
have  no  counterpart  in  the  wide,  wide  land,  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


535 


as  the  traveler  gazes  upon  the  scene  he  could 
wish  for  no  pleasanter  place  and  feels  that  he 
could  lay  aside  the  burdens  of  life  and,  forget- 
ting the  riot  and  display,  the  struggles,  the 
faults  and  failures,  the  deceit  and  hypocrisy 
and  the  shallowness  of  the  outside  world,  peace- 
fully dream  away  the  few  remaining  years  al- 
loted  to  him." 

The  Puritan  settlers  of  New  England  were 
called  upon  to  hew  and  mold  into  form  their 
homes  in  the  bleak  Atlantic  wilderness.  In  a 
far  more  salubrious  climate,  yet  surrounded 
by  similar  difficulties,  the  earlier  settlers  of 
Okanogan  county  were  destined  to  the  same  la- 
borious employment.  That  was  the  rule,  yet 
the  exceptions  were,  and  still  are.  many.  There 
are  garden  spots  scattered  here  and  there 
throughout  the  country  the  soil  of  which  is  pro- 
ductive beyond  the  most  sanguine  expectations. 
They  have  been  discovered  as  mines  have  been 
discovered;  their  development  has  awakened 
surprise. 

One  of  these  sections  is  Pogue  Flat,  named 
for  its  first  settler.  It  comprises  an  almost 
level  table  land  lying  adjacent  to,  and  parallel 
with  the  Okanogan  river.  From  north  to  south 
its  extreme  length  is  about  ten  miles ;  its  aver- 
age width  four  miles;  about  twenty-five  thou- 
sand acres  in  one  body  of  land.  For  many 
years  following  the  first  settlement  of  Okano- 
gan county  this  section  was  considered  abso- 
lutely worthless  for  agricultural  purposes. 
Prospective  settlers  were  not  shown  the  tract 
with  an  idea  of  locating  them  within  what  was 
thought  to  be  its  arid  limits.  On  the  contrary 
they  were  taken  to  claims  in  the  hills  where 
there  was  plenty  of  excellent  water  and  much 
timber,  and  about  one-third  as  much  arable 
land  to  the  acre.  But  early  in  1900  one  or  two 
small  "shacks"  made  their  appearance  on  the 
"flat,"  and  outside  the  comparatively  small 
tract  of  land  which  is  accessible  to  irrigation 
from  Salmon  Creek.  The  following  summer 
a  few  other  rude  habitations  were  added  and 
some  fencing  was  done.     In  1902  small  patches 


of  sod  were  broken  and,  as  more  of  an  experi- 
ment than  otherwise,  the  first  crop  was  sown 
on  Pogue  Flat.  Results  obtained  surprised 
everyone.  The  reputation  of  Pogue  Flat  as  an 
arable  and  productive  tract  of  land — a  tract 
long  considered  arid  and  sterile — was  thor- 
oughly established.  And  this  is  but  one  case  in 
many  where  land  once  deemed  worthless  in 
Okanogan  county  has  been  found  satisfactory 
in  every  respect.  Still  this  illustration  is  not 
particularly  exceptional ;  it  is  in  line  with  the 
agricultural  history  of  the  transmontane  coun- 
try. 

Agricultural  methods  in  this  section  do  not 
materially  differ  from  those  of  other  localities. 
"There  appears,"  says  David  Griffiths,  assist- 
ant in  charge  of  range  investigations,  as  pre- 
pared for  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  "to  be  no  established  time  for  seed- 
ing. Often  the  seed  is  scattered  on  the  snow. 
Sometimes  it  is  sown  in  the  fall  and  at  others 
in  the  spring,  apparently  with  equally  good  re- 
sults. Along  the  Okanogan  river  and  Cow 
Creek  many  fields  of  timothy  are  seen  which 
were  established  in  this  way.  Some  fields  yield 
as  much  as  two  and  one-half  tons  per  acre. 
Along  the  Okanogan  and  other  streams  in  north 
central  Washington  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
brush,  especially  willow,  alder  and  wild  rose. 
The  practice  is  to  cut  and  grub  these  out,  burn 
the  brush,  and  scatter  timothy  and  red-top  seed 
at  the  first  favorable  opportunity.  Of  course 
much  more  seed  is  required  when  the  land  is 
not  plowed  and  it  usually  takes  several  years 
to  secure  a  good  stand.  Along  Cow  Creek  some 
meadows  established  twenty  years  ago  on  sod 
are  in  a  reasonably  good  condition  to-day,  al- 
thoug-h  they  have  been  cut  for  hay  and  pastured 
during  the  winter  every  year." 

Quite  a  noticable  feature  in  the  Metlinw 
Valley,  and  one  that  is  coming  into  greater 
prominence  yearly,  is  dairying.  Throughout 
various  portions  of  this  beautiful  valley  the  in- 
dustry is  prosecuted  quite  successfully.  Up  to 
the  present  time  dairying  has  been  conducted 


536 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


on  a  small  scale,  yet  sufficiently  extensive  to 
afford  ample  proof  that,  under  more  favorable 
conditions,  it  will  be  well  adapted  to  this  local- 
ity. Still,  owing  to  the  present  limited  market 
for  dairy  products,  by  reason  of  a  woeful  lack 
of  rail  transportation,  extensive  operations 
along  this  line  are  not  warranted.  However, 
despfite  the  crude  and  inconvenient  methods  of 
transportation  shipments  of  butter  were  made 
from  the  Methow  Valley  to  the  coast  market 
during  the  winter  of  1902-03  which  netted  pro- 
ducers twenty-eight  cents  per  pound. 

Okanogan  County  Fruit  Inspector  N.  Stone 
has  furnished  the  following  statistics  showing 
the  amount  of  fruits  grown  in  the  years  1902 
and  1903.  The  late  spring  of  1903  prevented 
an  increased  acreage,  and  consequently  there  is 
a  slight  decrease  in  production  compared  with 
that  of  1902 : 

1902         190  J 

Apples    23,035        22,060 

Pears    3,416  3,438 

Peaches    16,740        15,680' 

Prunes  and  plums  8,947  8,455 

Cherries   2,623  2.564 

Apricots   1,332  1,276 

Grapes     1,028  1,045 

Berries  of  all  kinds   7,725  8,556 

The  number  of  acres  of  fruit  in  1901  was 
725  acres,  and  in  1903.  964  acres.  The  above 
calculation  is  for  standard  boxes  of  the  differ- 
ent kinds  of  fruits  as  they  are  packed  for  ship- 
ping. 

Of  all  the  beautiful  streams  that  contribute 
their  crystal  waters  to  the  seething,  whirling 
Columbia,  the  Methow  river,  debouching  at 
Pateros,  is  the  finest,  and  the  famous  Methow 
Valley  is  a  succession  of  charming  scenes.  The 
Methow's  source  is  the  summit  of  the  Cascades 
from  whence  it  emerges  a  tiny  creek,  unol> 
trusive  and  humble  as  Tennyson's  "Brook," 
destined  to  "flow  on  forever."  But  in  its 
course  it  assumes  more  importance,  receiving 
the  waters  of  Squaw,  Texas,  Gold,  Libby, 
Twisp  and  Lost  rivers ;  and  all  of  these  irrigate 
farms,  orchards  and  pastures  which  in  richness 


cannot  be  surpassed.  Here  the  nights  are 
warm ;  the  summer  season  long  and  the  delight- 
ful combination  of  wind  and  sunshine  contrib- 
ute to  bring  fruit  to  the  perfection  of  luscious- 
ness.  Cereals  and  vegetables  do  equally  well 
and  as  nutritious  bunch  grass  and  the  wild 
lupin  abound  on  every  hand  the  outlook  for 
remunerative  dairying  is  most  favorable. 

The  valley  of  the  Okanogan  river  embraces 
fully  one-third  of  the  county.  It  is  rich  in 
mineral  deposits;  rich  in  agricultural  possi- 
bilities and  present  fruition.  Its  scenic  beauties 
are  marvels  to  the  tourist;  there  is  scarcely  a 
single  view  point  from  whicli  an  attractive 
landscape  is  not  spread  before  the  eye.  Thus 
the  Okanogan  valley  appeals  at  once  to  the 
artist  and  the  utilitarian.  Throughout  its  en- 
tire length  Okanogan  valley  contains  an  area 
of  very  rich  soil,  aggregating  between  75.000 
and  100,000  acres.  While  transportation  fa- 
cilities are  insignificant,  the  various  mines  sup- 
ply a  market  and  at  remunerative  prices.  This 
transportation  question  is,  at  present,  problem- 
atical. A  number  of  surveys  have  been  made. 
Undoubtedly  competing  railway  systems  are 
watching  each  other.  The  new  Bellingham 
Bay  &  British  Columbia  railroad,  now  in  pro- 
cess of  construction,  will  probably  cross  the 
Okanogan  river  at  its  confluence  with  the  Col- 
umbia. At  present  steamers  from  Wenatchee 
ply  the  Columbia  to  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year;  going  as  far  up  the 
Okanogan  as  Riverside  during  the  summer. 
At  Brewster  (at  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan), 
and  Riverside,  stages  connect  on  routes  inter- 
lacing the  entire  county.  The  irrigation  prob- 
lem has  not  been  neglected.  The  government 
has  had  surveyors  in  the  field  engaged  upon  the 
project.  Their  latest  reports  indicate  that 
water  from  two  main  branches  of  Salmon  river, 
which  unite  below  Conconully,  will  be  directed 
into  Green  and  Brown  lakes  for  distribution 
through  thousands  of  acres  of  land  in  the  val- 
leys. It  is  claimed  that  this  project  is  assured; 
that  work  will  be  commenced  so  soon  as  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


537 


surveys  are  perfected.  The  Indians  on  the 
reservation  have  already  been  alloted  their  por- 
tions of  the  land;  the  remainder  has  only  to  be 
declared  open  by  congress  before  which  the  bill 
is  now  pending. 

To  the  east  and  west  of  Okanogan  valley 
are  mountain  ranges.  To  the  westw'ard,  across 
the  Methow,  the  Cascade  range,  from  the  most 
northern  height,  as  far  as  they  extend  south- 
ward, are  yielding  their  hoards  of  hidden 
wealth  to  the  miner  and  capitalist,  abounding 
as  they  do  in  minerals  of  almost  every  descrip- 
tion, though  mainly  in'  copper,  silver,  lead, 
gold,  coal  and  iron.  The  Cascades  are  most 
picturesque  and  inspiring.  Not  to  any  great 
extent,  comparatively,  have  these  mountains 
been  prospected,  and  with  the  exception  of  short 
intervals  the  whole  range  may  be  called  virgin 
territory  where  man  has  never  trod ;  the  widest 
areas  of  nature's  solitude;  the  haunt  of  big 
game.  What  they  conceal  in  mineral  wealth  is 
a  matter  of  speculation  ;  a  question  for  the  geo- 
logist and  experienced  prospector.  But  within 
hundreds  of  square  miles  the  geologist  and 
prospector  have  never  ventured.  Such  mineral 
wealth  as  may  be  there  lies  undeveloped  owing 
to  absence  of  transportation.  When  every 
county  in  Washington  is  gridironed  with  rail- 


roads as  is  the  case  in  many  of  the  middle  west- 
ern states,  these  mountain  fastnesses  may  be 
called  upon  to  yield  their  treasures  to  the  ex- 
chequer of  the  world.  But  in  the  adjacent  val- 
leys some  of  the  richest  mines  in  the  state  have 
been  revealed.  Gold  quartz  has  been  taken 
from  them  assaying  as  high  as  $43,000  per  ton. 
They  have  proved -a  revelation  to  mining  men, 
showing  interlines  of  gold  and  secretions  of 
nuggets  which  have  set  old,  seasoned  miners 
aghast  at  such  wonderful  deposits  of  values. 
Blocks  of  telluride  quartz  have  been  taken  from 
these  districts  a  description  of  whose  richness 
sounds  fabulous.  Ere  many  years  have  passed 
the  Cascades  will  be  yielding  their  wealth  to 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  people.  Old  time 
California  prospectors  are  not  at  all  backward 
in  making  this  sweeping  prophetic  declaration. 
Swiftly  moving  streams  from  the  tinkling 
brooklet  to  the  impetuous  mountain  torrent 
dash  down  the  canyons  in  impatient  haste  un- 
til they  gain  the  lower  levels,  becoming  there 
more  sluggish,  and  swelling  into  slowly  flow- 
ing rivers.  And  this  is  where  farsighted  and 
sagacious  farmers  have  located  many  of  the 
best  ranches  in  Washington.  Fruits,  vegetables 
and  cereals  adapted  to  the  temperate  zone  grow 
luxuriantly  in  this  favored  region. 


CHAPTER    V. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


Conconully,  the  county  seat  of  Okanogan 
county,  is  situated  on  Conconully  creek,  a 
branch  of  the  Salmon  river,  which  it  joins  a 
short  distance  south  of  the  town.  Conconully 
is  about  one  hundred  miles  north  of  We- 
natchee,  Chelan  county.  It  is  beautifully  lo- 
cated in  the  midst  of  one  of  the  most  fertile 
agricultural  and  richest  mining  districts  in  the 


county.  Millions  of  feet  of  timber  grow 
throughout  the  surotinding  hills,  sufficient  to 
supply  the  demands  of  many  generations  to 
come.  The  capital  of  Okanogan  county  lies 
at  the  foot  of  Conconully  lake,  a  fine  sheet  of 
water  concerning  which  there  are  many  Indian 
traditions,  mysterious  and  supernatural. 

One  of  them  is  as  follows  :    Previous  to  the 


538 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


spring  of  1888  the  town  was  known  as  Salmon 
City.  In  Marcli,  1888,  a  mass  meeting  was 
lield  for  the  purpose  of  rechristening  the  town, 
and  at  this  convention  it  was  decided  to  call  it 
"Conconully,"  an  euphonious  name  of  Indian 
lineage.  In  the  dialect  of  the  natives  the  word 
"Conconully"  means  "evil  spirit,"  and  the  na- 
tives had  applied  it  to  the  lake  near  this  town. 
It  was  asserted  by  them  that  lake  was  inhabited 
by  a  huge  and  ferocious  monster  which  was 
the  author  of  a  host  of  ills  and  a  variety  of 
material  and  spiritual  troubles.  Certain  white 
men  have  gone  so  far  as  to  corroborate  this 
story  by  the  assertion  that  they  have  seen  it  rear 
its  hideous  head  atove  the  placid  waters  of 
Conconully  lake,  and  shake  a  long,  heavy,  sea- 
green  mane  in  a  threatening  manner.  Still,  sea 
captains  and  others  have  witnessed  antics  of 
sea  serpents,  and  far  too  many  of  them  have 
seen  a  miscellaneous  variety  of  varied  hued 
snakes  ashore. 

Returning  to  the  practical  side  of  the  Con- 
c  mullly  lake  question,  it  has  been  seriously 
considered  by  the  United  States  government 
as  a  reservoir  site  in  which  to  conserve  the 
waters  of  the  creeks  and  mountain  streams 
during  the  early  spring  freshets  for  the  pur- 
pose of  irrigating  the  large  adjacent  territory 
which  tthe  government  contemplates  putting 
under  the  ditch  at  an  early  period.  However, 
for  agricultural  purposes  the  precipitation  is 
sufficient  to  meet  all  present  requirements.  The 
rainfall  in  1900  was  15.68  inches;  in  1901 
12.61  inches,  and  during  the  fiscal  year  past  it 
reached  19.60  inches.  During  these  years  the 
mean  temperature  was  46.66,  44.95  and  44.18 
respectively.  The  altitude  of  Conconully  is 
2.240  feeet  above  sea  level. 

The  tow'U  of  Conconully  came  into  exist- 
ence in  1886.  The  discovery  of  auriferous  de- 
posits in  that  part  of  Stevens,  whicli  a  short 
time  afterward  became  Okanogan  county,  in 
1866,  and  the  rush  of  prospectors  to  the  new 
district  contributed  to  the  establisliment  of 
many  new  towns  and  camps,  and  Conconully, 


or  Salmon  City,  was  the  first  one  of  them  in  the 
county.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  the  country 
was  known  far  and  wide  as  the  "  rich  Salmon 
River  district."'  In  the  spring  of  1886  came  the 
first  prospectors,  and  they  pitched  their  tents 
on  the  site  of  the  present  Conconully.  These 
were  George  Forester  and  a  man  named  Pierce, 
who  located  the  Homestake  and  Tough  Nut 
claims;  Billy  McDaniels.  who  staked  out  the 
Salmon  river  properties;  Jimmy  R'lbertson, 
Dick  Malone  and  George  Gubser,  who  located 
the  John  Arthur,  Washington  and  Daisy 
claims;  Charles  Holmes,  who  annexed  the 
Columbia;  "Tenas  George"  Runnels,  who  took 
up  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  and  Henry  Lawrence 
who  located  the  Lone  Star  and  Golden  Crown. 
Daniel  Boone  also  prospected  in  this  vicinity, 
but  did  not  successfully  locate  any  properties. 
Most  of  these  claims  were  located  in  May, 
1886.  During  the  summer  the  prospectors  lived 
in  tents  where  now  stands  Conconully,  passing 
a  large  portion  of  their  time  prospecting  in  the 
hills. 

In  October,  when  the  nights  grew  colder, 
they  erected  cabins  to  replace  the  tents  and 
went  into  winter  quarters.  The  following 
spring  more  people  came  to  the  camp,  and  a 
store  was  opened  by  a  man  named  Boardman. 
He  built  a  cabin  and  freighted  in  a  small  stock 
of  goods.  The  succeeding  fall  the  second  store 
was  established  by  the  Buckingham  toys.  In 
the  spring  of  1888  there  was  an  immense  rush 
to  the  new  camp.  The  town  quickly  gained 
a  population  of  500  people.  New  business  en- 
terprises made  their  appearance  and  cabins  dot- 
ted the  valleys  and  hillsides.  In  July,  1888,  the 
Okanogan  Outlook  was  established,  and  the 
camp  had  a  lively  newspaper  to  chronicle  its 
varied  passing  events.  After  repeated  unsuc- 
cessful efforts,  in  August,  1888.  the  citizens 
succeeded  in  securing  a  postoffice.  I.  W. 
Spence,  who  at  that  period  was  proprietor  of  a 
store,  became  postmaster. 

There  is  but  little  to  record  concerning  the 
town  of  Conconullv  during  the  following  two 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


539 


years.  It  continued  to  increase  in  population 
and  in  the  number  of  its  business  enterprises. 
Charles  Hermann,  who  came  here  in  1887,  is 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  community. 
The  excellent  business  facilities  then  offered  by 
the  place  attracted  his  attention,  as  well  as  the 
picturesque  and  healthful  location,  protected 
from  the  cold  winter  winds  by  the  surrounding 
hills  with  their  rich  grazing  and  agricultural 
lands.  Mr.  Hermann  began  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  a  small  way,  and  has  amassed  a  for- 
tune, including  store,  bank  stock,  cattle,  and 
mining  and  milling  interests. 

The  first  religious  services  held  in  Concon- 
ully  were  on  Sunday,  March  16,  1890,  at  the 
school  house.  They  were  conducted  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Fate.  At  the  close  of  the  meeting  a 
Sabbath  school  was  organized,  and  the  follow- 
ing officers  elected :  Superintendent,  F.  W. 
Moore;  assistant  superintendent,  William  Shu- 
felt  :  treasurer,  Miss  Jessie  Elliott ;  secretary, 
Charles  Hermann;  librarian,  Mrs.  Went- 
worth ;  chorist,  Mrs.  William  Shufelt.  Rev. 
A.  W.  Trine  is  at  present  pastor  of  the  Metho- 
dist church. 

The  building'  season  commencing  in  the 
spring  of  1891  was  unusually  active  in  Con- 
conully.  Two  steam  saw  mills  began  work 
with  a  large  number  of  orders  to  fill  for  lum- 
ber. A  number  of  residences  and  business 
houses  were  constructed  and  many  others  pro- 
jected to  be  erected  so  soon  as  lumber  could  be 
secured  from  the  mills.  Among  the  Conconully 
improvements  on  foot  in  April,  1891,  were  the 
following :  Tullock  &  McCaskle  completed  an 
18x30  one-story  building  on  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Galena  streets,  to  be  used  as  a  drug 
store.  This  building  was  well  arranged,  sub- 
stantial and  complete.  The  occupants  moved 
into  their  new  quarters  ]May  i.  L.  S.  Bald- 
win erected  a  residence  building  which  for  size 
and  beauty  of  design  surpassed,  at  that  period, 
anything  of  the  kind  in  Okanogan  county.  It 
was  a  two-story  edifice,  cottage  style,  contain- 
ing six  rooms,  three  closets  and  a  pantry.    The 


interior  of  the  building  was  finished  through- 
out with  the  best  materials  afforded  by  the 
country.  An  octagon-shaped  dome  and  a  dor- 
mer window  added  greatly  to  the  attractive- 
ness of  the  outside  elevations  of  the  building. 

The  same  spring  the  Hotel  Elliott  was  re- 
modeled and  rearranged  in  a  most  convenient 
manner.  The  main  building  was  extended  to 
comprise  40x70  feet.  When  completed  it  was 
the  largest  building  in  Conconully.  The  build- 
ing formerly  occupied  by  the  county  officers, 
owned  by  H.  Biegle,  was  fitted  up  for  a  billiard 
room,  being  "extended  back  twenty  feet  and 
connected  with  the  saloon  by  an  archway.  The 
lower  portion  was  occupied  by  billiard  tables; 
the  upper  story  was  fitted  up  for  card  roooms. 
S.  S.  Collins  and  C.  H.  Ballard  erected  a  34X 
50  foot  building  on  Maude  avenue,  between 
Silver  and  LaUna  streets,  which  was  rented  for 
business  purposes.  There  were  many  other 
smaller  and  less  pretentious  structures  erected 
this  spring  in  various  portions  of  the  town  site. 
We  have  dwelt  rather  particularly  upon  the 
subject  of  building  improvements  in  Concon- 
ully, and  for  this  reason  :  The  following  sum- 
mer, 1892,  the  most  of  them  were  swept  away 
by  a  terrrible  conflagration  that  practically 
'.viped  out  the  town  of  Conconully.  It  is  only 
by  written  description  that  an  idea  of  the  old- 
time  Conconully  may  be  gained,  for  with  the 
fire  went  up  in  its  flames  all  photographic  rep- 
resentations of  the  town  as  it  was.  And.  al- 
though from  its  ruins  sprang  up  a  new  village, 
a  succeeding  disastrous  flood  swept  down  the 
valley  of  Conconully  creek,  and  again  the  town 
was  laid  in  ruins.  From  these  serious  casual- 
ties the  town  has  not  yet  recovered.  The  "hard 
times"  of  1893  came  upon  the  residents  as  upon 
the  rest  of  the  country,  and  the  almost  utter 
cessation  of  the  mining  industry  which  followed 
worked  almost  irreparable  injury  to  the  largest 
and  prettiest  town  in  Okanogon  county. 

From  the  Okanogan  Outloook  of  June  12, 
1 891,  it  is  learned  that  a  meeting  was  held  in 
Collins'   hall,   Conconullv.  June     11,    the    an- 


540 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


nounced  purpose  of  wliich  was  to  organize  a 
militia  company.  It  was  not  largely  attended 
and  there  were  only  fourteeen  applicants  for 
enlistment.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  so- 
licit members.  By  reference  to  Chapter  II  of 
Okanogan  county,  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
threatened  Indian  trouble  growing  out  of  the 
Cole  murder  and  subsequent  lynching  of  young 
Stephen,  had  imbued  the  community  with  mili- 
tary ardor.  One  hundred  and  eighty  stand  of 
arms  and  3.000  rounds  of  ammunition  had  been 
supplied  by  the  state,  and  were  then  in  the 
hands  of  the  county  comm'issioners.  Under 
date  of  August  6,  1891,  the  following  General 
Order  No.  7  was  issued  from  general  head- 
quarters of  the  National  Guard  of  Washing- 
ton, at  Olympia: 

The  military  board  having  considered  the  applica- 
tion of  F.  M.  Baiini  and  his  associates  at  Conconully, 
Okanogan  county,  and  that  of  Henry  S.  Haslett  and  his 
associates,  at  Tekoa,  Whitman  coimty,  seeking  admission 
into  the  National  Guard  of  Washington  as  a  volunteer 
company,  and  recommending  that  said  petitions  be 
granted;  it  is  hereby  ordered  that  the  said  F.  M.  Baum 
and  his  associates  at  Conconully  and  the  said  Henry 
S.  Haslett  and  his  associates  at  Tekoa.  be  and  are  hereby 
admiteed  as  volunteer  companies  into  the  National 
Guard  of  Washington,  and  shall  be  attached  to  the  Sec- 
ond Infantry  regiment  and  designated  as  follows : 

Company  at  Conconully  as  I  Company,  and  the 
company  at  Tekoa  as  K  Company.  General  A.  P. 
Curry  will  inspect  and  muster  the  company  at  Con- 
conully; Lieutenant  J.  W.  Stearns,  A.  D.  C,  is  hereby 
ordered  to  inspect  and  muster  the  company  at  Tekoa ; 
reporting  their  proceedings  thereunder  at  the  earliest 
day  practicable. 

L.  S.  Baldwin  was  chosen  captain,  but  it 
does  not  appear  from  any  records  obtainable 
that  Company  I  was  ever  successful  in  con- 
tinuing for  long  an  organization.  The  company 
seems  to  have  drifted  along  into  the  shadows 
of  complete  oblivion. 

And  what  was  Conconully  before  the  fire? 
The  place  was  visited  in  June,  1892,  by  the 
prominent  mining  man,  J.  M.  Hagerty,  who 
wrote  as  follows : 

"Conconully  is  the  home  of  Lieutenant 
Governor  Laughton  and  is  one  of  the  pleasant- 


est  spots  in  the  mountains.  It  is  di^'erent  from 
most  mining  camps,  as  here  miners  and  pros- 
pectors have  determined  to  make  their  homes 
and  have  brought  the  gentle  and  refining  in- 
fluence of  women  and  home  to  the  camp,  which 
has  had  the  effect  of  doing  away  with  all  law- 
lessness. No  man  can  conceive  a  prettier  place. 
Here  the  valley  of  Salmon  creeek  widens  out 
nearly  a  mile  in  extent.  To  the  west  Mineral 
Hill  rises  gradually  until  the  peaks  are  lost  in 
the  clouds;  to  the  north  and  south  the  moun- 
tains rise  abruptly,  but  are  covered  with  tim- 
ber which  is  of  an  evergreen  verdure,  while  to 
the  east  lies  Conconully  lake,  a  beautiful  sheet 
of  water  1,500  feet  wide  and  three  miles  long, 
with  gently  sloping  banks  on  either  side." 

Between  the  hours  of  12  and  i  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  August  30,  1892,  the  fire 
started  which  all  but  wiped  the  town  of  Con- 
conully from  the  map.  The  cause  of  this  con- 
flagration will  never  be  definitely  known.  It 
originated  in  the  new  store  building  which  had 
recently  been  erected  by  Wheeler  Brothers,  of 
Bridgeport,  for  Robert  and  James  Hunter,  at 
the  north  end  of  Main  street.  Hunter  Brothers 
were  engaged  in  the  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness and  the  day  previous  to  the  fire  had  begun 
moving  into  their  new  home. 

The  cr}^  of  fire  quickly  aroused  the  sleep- 
ing inhabitants  and  soon  the  whole  town  was 
out  to  assist  in  fighting  the  flames.  Conconully 
was  without  fire  protection  of  any  description 
and  very  little  could  be  done  to  stay  the  pro- 
gress of  the  conflagration,  although  strong  and 
willing  hands  worked  to  tear  down  buildings 
and  check  the  course  of  the  devastation.  Nearly 
every  night  in  the  summer  time  a  cool  breeze 
springs  up  and  sweeps  down  the  canyon  in 
which  the  town  is  located,  from  the  north.  This 
night  there  was  a  stiff  wind  blowing,  and  from 
the  start  it  was  seen  that  the  town  was  doomed. 

From  Hunter  Brothers'  store  the  flames 
spread  across  the  street  to  the  large  two-story 
store  building  of  Moore.  Ish  &  Co..  and  this, 
the  finest  building  in  town,  was  soon  in  flames. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


541 


This  was  where  Charles  Hermann's  store  now 
stands.  In  1892  the  business  part  of  Con- 
conully  consisted  of  two  sohd  blocks  of  busi- 
ness houses,  extending  to  the  south  from  where 
the  fire  started.  When  morning  dawned  these 
two  blocks  were  in  ashes,  and  not  a  single  busi- 
ness house  remained  in  the  town.  Only  one 
buijding  outside  of  these  on  the  main  street  was 
burned.  This  was  Harry  Harris'  blacksmith 
shop  just  across  the  creek. 

The  loss  occasioned  by  this  fire  was  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $100,000.  Some  of  the  prin- 
cipal losers  were  Hunter  Brothers,  general 
store;  Moore,  Ish  &  Company,  general  store 
and  bank;  John  Proebstel,  feed  store;  Mrs. 
Shull,  hotel ;  Hiram  Beigle,  saloon ;  John 
Mors,  hotel;  George  Hardenberg,  hotel  build- 
ing; Mrs.  S.  W.  Elliott,  hotel  furniture;  Sam- 
uel Collins  &  Company,  saloon  and  hall ;  W.  B. 
Wakefield,  store;  Charles  Hermann,  store;  C. 
F.  Hane,  hardware  store;  Harry  Harris, 
blacksmith  shop;  H.  W.  Thompson,  Outlook 
printing  office;  Thomas  Dixon,  livery  stable. 
Several  residences  were  also  destroyed. 

The  following  morning,  every  store  having 
burned,  the  inhabitants  were  without  food  ex- 
cept such  as  remained  in  private  houses.  The 
neighboring  towns,  so  soon  as  they  learned  of 
the  great  disaster,  came  to  the  aid  of  the 
stricken  people.  Within  a  few  hours  the  town 
of  Ruby  had  collected  $600  and  Loomis  also 
raised  a  large  purse.  Food  and  supplies  were 
also  furnished,  and  in  a  short  time  every  one 
was  made  as  comfortable  as  possible. 

At  the  time  of  this  fire  Conconully  had  500 
or  600  inhabitants.  The  town  was  well  built 
and  the  stores  and  buildings  were  substantial 
ones.  Following  the  fire  the  town  was  par- 
tially rebuilt,  but  the  quality  of  the  structures 
was  not  nearly  so  good  as  was  that  of  those  laid 
waste  by  the  flames. 

The  disaster  of  August  30th  was  snon  fol- 
lowed by  a  depreciation  of  silver  and  conse- 
quent inactivity  in  mining  circles.  Without 
entering    upon    a    discussion    of   the    currency 


question  or  the  alleged  "Crime  of  1873,"  it  is 
useless  to  deny  that  the  depression  of  1893  fell 
heavily  upon  the  population  of  Okanogan 
county,  so  largely  dependent  on  the  mining  in- 
dustry. It  is  the  province  of  history  to  record 
facts,  and  all  the  facts  bear  out  our  assertion. 
The  camp  of  Conconully  had  sprung  into  ex- 
istence on  the  strength  of  rich  silver  mines  in 
its  vicinity;  its  early  history  is  that  of  a  lively 
town  and  the  center  of  great  business  activity. 
Says  the  Palmer  Mountain  Prospector:  "With 
the  depreciation  of  silver  the  camp  sustained  a 
backset;  a  fire  destroyed  much  of  the  business 
part  of  the  town  and  the  flood  cleaning  up  all 
the  fire  had  left,  the  place  never  recovered  from 
the  three-fold  shock." 

Forty-two  buildings  were  destroyed  by  the 
flood  of  May  27,  1894.  This  is  a  date  that  will 
never  be  forgotten  by  the  old  residents  of  the 
country  in  the  vicinity  of  Conconully.  On  that 
day  the  town  was  almost  completely  laid  waste. 
Every  one  who  witnessed  the  catastrophe  will 
vividly  remember  the  terrible  experience  of  a 
few  minutes  of  rushing  water  that  transformed 
a  spot  of  beauty  into  a  dreary  waste.  Floods 
perform  their  work  of  destruction  much  more 
rapidly  than  flames. 

The  small  stream  coursing  through  the 
town  in  a  southerly  direction  has  its  source 
high  up  in  the  midst  of  a  chain  of  mountains 
that  divides  the  Methow  from  the  Okanogan 
valley.  It  flows  with  rapid  current  down  a 
rocky,  narrow  canyon,  or  succession  of  can- 
yons most  of  the  way,  joining  the  Salmon  river 
south  of  town.  At  times  the  canyon  widens 
from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile.  In  these  spots 
are  cozy  homes  and  fruitful  orchards  and 
farms.  At  the  point  where  is  built  the  busi- 
ness portion  of  Conconully  is  a  valley,  probably 
a  mile  wide,  a  basin,  but  to  the  north  this  valley 
rapidly  closes  until  the  course  of  the  creek  is 
only  a  few  yards  in  width,  and  it  also  .narrows 
to  the  south.  To  the  east  is  a  long,  deep  lake, 
the  water  almost  level  with  the  land  to  the 
west,  while  a  hog-back  to  the  west  makes  the 


54^ 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


cciiitinuation  of  the  mountain  ranges.     In  this 
basin  is  located  Conconully. 

For  several  weeks  the  weather  had  been 
dry  and  pleasant.  May  26  it  began  raining 
heavily.  Between  the  rains  and  melting  snow 
the  creek  swelled  to  a  raging  torrent.  Below 
town  the  Hat  was  covered  with  a  foot  or  two 
of  water.  With  the  exception  of  the  Cheetham 
household  the  few  residing  in  that  locality  had 
wisely  sought  safer  and  dryer  quarters.  Sun- 
day, May  2^,  William  Shufeldt  was  on 
horseback  in  front  of  the  Hotel  Elliott.  He 
had  just  returned  from  the  Cheetham  resi- 
dence where  he  had  endeavored  to  induce  the 
family  to  remove  to  a  place  of  safety,  but  un- 
successfully. 

As  Mr.  Shufeldt  cast  his  eyes  up  the  creek 
he  witnessed  a  sight  calculated  to  appall  the 
stoutest  heart.  A  mountain  of  water  nearly 
seventy-five  feet  high  was  rushing  down  on  the 
devoted  town  of  Conconully.  It  was  an  ava- 
lanche of  water,  trees,  rocks  and  debris,  an 
overwhelming,  irresistible  mass  of  moving 
matter..  The  breast  of  this  oncoming  besom 
of  destruction  was  a  body  of  trees,  rocks  and 
underbrush.  Fragments  of  rocks,  weighing 
hundreds  of  pounds  were  borne  along  as  feath- 
ers on  the  wind.  Giant  forest  monarchs  were 
wrenched  up  by  the  roots,  or  snapped  off  like 
pipe  stems,  and  tossed  about  like  reeds.  End 
over  end  were  these  trees  whirling,  while  the 
mad  waters  curled  and  dashed  even  over  the 
very  top  of  this  huge  moving  dam. 

It  was  the  wild  whirl  of  waters  set  free  by 
the  cloud-burst  so  dreaded  in  mountain  coun- 
tries. Along  the  source  of  this  stream  a  sur- 
charged cloud  had  encountered  an  obstacle  and 
suddenly  dropped  down  this  deluge.  Wher- 
ever it  struck  the  mountain  sides  were  swept 
clean  of  soil  and  trees.  The  horrible  signifi- 
cance of  this  danger  was  immediately  realized 
by  Mr.  Shufeldt.  He  gave  the  alarm,  and  the 
cry  was  taken  up  by  the  people,  who  immedi- 
ately rushed  to  the  high  ground.  The  strong 
assisted  the  weak,  and  none  had  time  to  save 


more  than  was  upon  his  or  her  back.  The 
impediment  of  the  load  carried  by  the  water 
held  it  back  somewhat,  but  the  blow  was  swift 
enough.  As  the  canyon  widens  at  the  town- 
site  the  waters  spread  shallower.  But  even  at 
the  point  where  stood  the  business  portion  of 
the  town  the  wall  of  water  was  over  twelve 
feet  in  height.  In  a  few  brief  moments — not 
minutes — uni\'ersal  havoc  was  wrought.  The 
spot  was  changed  by  this  cataclysm  as  com- 
pletely as  though  rocked  into  ruins  by  an  earth- 
quake. Residences  went  down  with  the  sweep 
of  water  as  though  they  were  so  many  card 
houses.  For  several  feet  the  bed  of  the  creek 
was  washed  to  bedrock  as  if  swept  with  a 
broom.  Rocks,  trees,  gravel  and  sand  were 
spread  upon  the  flat  where  the  business  part  of 
the  town  had  stood.  And  this  flat  was  gashed 
and  torn  and  gullied ;  entire  trees  were  strewn 
in  fantastic  disorder  about  the  town,  or  where 
had  once  been  a  town.  The  course  of  the  creek 
was  changed.  It  now  ran  under  the  Hotel  El- 
liott. This  edifice  withstood  the  blow  but  was 
sadly  deformed.  To  the  height  of  the  second 
story  logs  and  rubbish  were  piled  against  the 
building.  The  store  of  Moore,  Ish  &  Company 
was  nearly  torn  to  pieces ;  the  stone  cellar  was 
carried  away;  the  heavy  iron  safe  has  never 
been  found.  The  side  of  Beigle's  saloon  was 
crushed  in.  The  large  mirror  behind  the  bar 
was  forced  up  against  the  ceiling.  Strange  to 
say,  although  the  room  was  full  of  rocks  and 
logs  this  glass  was  uninjured.  Frank  Baum's 
neat  little  residence  was  carried  off  bodily  and 
deposited  in  the  lake  several  hundred  yards  dis- 
tant. Houses  were  carried  a  long  ways  with- 
out suft'ering  material  damage. 

Below  Conconully  was  one  of  the  finest 
farms  and  orchards  in  the  county.  It  was 
buried  from  sight.  Today  it  is  only  a  barren 
stretch  of  sand  and  gravel.  Evidence  of  the 
force  of  the  torrent  was  to  be  seen  in  mammoth 
trees,  hundreds  of  which  came  down  with  the 
flood.  Many  narrow  escapes  were  reported, 
and  one  death.     Mrs.   Amelia  Keith,  an  old 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


543 


lady,  followed  the  family  to  the  gate,  but  dis- 
regarding protestations,  returned  to  the  house 
for  her  spectacles.  While  attempting  to  get 
back,  and  within  a  dozen  feet  of  safety,  the 
wild  waters  caught  her.  It  was  impossible  to 
go  to  her  rescue;  the  victim  was  dashed  to 
death  before  the  eyes  of  horrified  spectators. 
The  body  was  not  discovered  for  several  days, 
and  only  then  through  the  instincts  of  a  dog. 
Mr.  Sincock  awoke  to  find  himself  mixed  up 
in  a  sea  of  logs  and  water.  He  was  asleep 
in  a  cabin  below  town.  Carried  on  the  swirl- 
ing tide  a  long  distance  he  escaped  with  only 
•a  sprained  ankle.  Mr.  Spence  lived  far  up  the 
creek  and  had  ample  time  in  which  to  reach  a 
place  of  safety.  But  he  became  dazed.  In- 
stead of  running  to  a  bank  only  a  few  yards 
away  he  went  down  the  street  in  front  of  the 
oncoming  flood.  Caught  in  the  rush  of  waters 
he  was  carried  half  a  mile  and  left  in  Conco- 
nully  lake.  An  hour  afterward  he  was  rescued 
while  clinging  to  a  log. 

Fortunate  it  was  that  the  calamity  did  not 
fall  upon  the  community  during  the  night  time. 
Had  this  flood  enveloped  the  place  in  the  shad- 
ows of  darkness,  when  the  first  knowledge  of 
its  coming  would  have  been  the  blow  itself, 
almost  the  entire  population  would  have  been 
drowned;  the  Hepner  disaster  in  Oregon 
would  have  been  anticipated.  Nothing  was 
saved  where  the  flood  had  full  sway;  a  major- 
ity of  the  residents  escaped  with  their  clothes 
only.  Aid  from  the  surrounding  country  was 
extended  to  the  sufferers;  the  neighboring 
towns  responded  liberally.  In  this  calamity 
there  was  one  heroic  act  of  self-sacrificing 
valor  shared  by  two  persons.  On  seeing  the 
rapid  approach  of  the  flood  Mr.  Shufeldt  put 
spurs  to  his  horse  and  swiftly  rode  back  toward 
the  Cheetham  family  whom  he  had  so  recently 
urged  to  seek  a  place  of  safety.  The  animal 
he  rode  became  mired  and  Mr.  Shufeldt  pro- 
ceeded on  foot.  Gaining  the  house  in  a  few 
words    he   explained    the   impending   danger. 


This  time  the  family  acted  on  his  advice  and 
waded  through  the  mud  to  higher  ground.  In 
the  house  was  a  helpless  old  lady,  Mrs.  Davis. 
Cheetham  carried  her  to  the  door,  but  found 
himself  unable  to  proceed  further  with  his  bur- 
den. Mr.  Shufeldt  took  the  lady  on  his  back 
and  started  for  high  ground.  In  this  enter- 
prise he  was  assisted  by  Dr.  C.  P.  House,  and 
the  two  men  staggered  on  together.  The  mud 
and  water  were  deep.  The  nearly  exhausted 
men  reached  the  goal,  but  none  too  soon.  The 
flood  was  not  ten  feet  away  when  they  gained 
the  spot. 

The  property  loss  by  this  flood  was  esti- 
mated at  $95,690.  Such  a  visitation  may  never 
occur  again,  yet  so  vi\-id  is  its  memory  that 
those  who  passed  through  it  seldom  see  the 
clouds  cap  the  mountains  without  a  nervous 
sensation. 

In  May,  1899,  the  Commercial  Bank,  of 
Conconully,  was  organized  by  L.  L.  Work. 
The  officers  then  chosen  were  Charles  Her- 
mann, president ;  L.  L.  Work,  cashier.  Among 
the  original  stockholders  were  R.  L.  Rutter, 
and  Dr.  Thomas,  of  Spokane;  Dr.  Pogue,  of 
Clover,  and  Wellington  French,  of  Conco- 
nully. The  capital  stock  was  $25,000.  Mr. 
Work  is  now  president  and  William  Baines 
cashier.  It  is  the  only  state  bank  in  Okanogan 
county,  but  its  facilities  are  equal  to  those  of 
the  ordinary  city  bank.  It  makes  a  specialty 
of  farm  and  stock  loans;  buys  warrants  and 
makes  collections,  and  also  procures  desirable 
land  script  for  those  desiring  it.  It  has  also 
a  branch  bank  at  Twisp,  the  largest  town  in 
the  ]\Iethow  valley. 

The  morning  of  August  3,  1901,  a  violent 
thunder  storm  visited  Conconully  and  vicinity. 
A  number  of  trees  were  struck  by  lightning 
which  resulted  in  disastrous  forest  fires 
throughout  the  hills.  Thousands  of  cords  of 
wood  were  burned.  The  county  commission- 
ers appointed  watchers  of  the  abandoned  min- 
ing town  of  Ruby  to  sa\e  the  many  fine  build- 


544 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ings,  at  that  time  there,  from  destruction. 
Other  buildings  in  that  town  had  been  burned 
previously. 

Sunday,  June  7,  1903,  was  devoted  to  the 
dedication  of  the  first  church  building  in  Con- 
conuUy,  that  of  the  Methodists.  Rev.  T.  C. 
Iliff  delivered  the  dedication  address,  and  the 
services  were  characterized  by  great  zeal.  The 
initial  steps  in  the  construction  of  this  building 
were  taken  in  October,  1902,  when  plans  were 
received  from  the  church  extension  board  for 
an  edifice  to  cost  from  $1,200  to  $1,500.  It 
was  not  expected  that  the  contemplated  struct- 
ure could  be  built  for  that  sum,  but  $2,500 
was  considered  an  approximate  figure.  It  had 
been  planned  to  complete  the  building  before 
the  holidays,  but  it  was  found  impossible  to 
procure  the  lumber,  and  work  was  laid  over 
until  spring.  Eventually  the  church  cost,  with 
furnishings.  $3,650.  All  of  this  sum  was  pro- 
vided by  the  people  of  Conconully  and  vicinity. 
This  was  the  first  Protestant  church  erected  in 
Okanogan  county. 

During  the  summer  of  1903  Conconully 
enjoyed  quite  a  building  revival  which  would 
have  been  on  a  much  larger  scale  had  it  not 
been  for  the  fact  that  it  was  impossible  to  se- 
cure a  sufficient  quantity  of  lumber.  Among 
the  improvements  of  this  summer  was  the  new 
street  grade  across  the  creek  from  the  Hotel 
Elliott,  including  the  construction  of  a  bridge, 
the  building  of  a  new  livery  stable;  construc- 
tion of  a  new  edifice  on  the  corner  west  of 
Charles  Hermann's  store  by  Luke  and  Isaac 
Morris  for  a  saloon;  the  construction  of  an 
addition  to  the  jail ;  the  erection  of  a  saw  mill ; 
remodeling  of  the  Record  office;  an  addition 
to  the  residences  of  William  Baines  and  G.  A. 
Blackwell,  and  Dr.  Goggins'  residence  and 
office  building. 

The  fraternal  orders  of  Conconully  are  rep- 
resented by  the  Woodmen  of  the  World  and 
its  auxiliary.  Women  of  Woodcraft.  There 
is  a  fine  school  house  with  an  enrollment  of 


eighty  scholars.  The  population  is  three  hun- 
dred. 

The  townsite  of  Conconully  was  platted 
April  16,  1889,  by  James  Lockwood,  Joseph 
E.  Taylor  and  R.  R.  Hargrove,  who  served 
as  trustees  selected  by  residents  of  the  town. 
The  first  addition  to  the  town,  that  of  F.  M. 
Baum,  was  made  October  10,  1891.  The  Sal- 
mon Creek  addition  by  Hiram  Wellington  and 
W.  H.  McDonald,  was  made  June  5,  1892. 
The  Hepner  addition,  by  Andrew  J.  Decatur, 
was  made  July  3,  1893,  and  lot  38,  Salmon 
River  Mining  District,  was  platted  by  the  Con- 
conully Mining  Company,  by  D.  W.  Yeargii:,' 
president,  March  12,  1889. 

Being  the  county  seat  all  the  officials, 
with  the  exception  of  the  commissioners, 
have  their  homes  here.  E.  K.  Pendergast,  for- 
merly of  Waterville,  Douglas  county,  is  hold- 
ing his  first  term  as  prosecuting  attorney,  and 
his  ability  and  integrity  are  recognized 
throughout  a  large  section  of  eastern  Washing- 
ton, where  he  is  well  and  most  favorably 
known.  Sheriff  D.  W.  Tindall  and  his  effi- 
cient deputy,  J.  O.  Burdette,  are  also  serving 
their  first  terms,  but  they  are  doing  this  in  a 
manner  which  meets  with  the  approbation  of 
all  irrespective  of  party  lines.  J.  !M.  Pitman  is 
treasurer  and  Henry  Carr  auditor  of  Okano- 
gan county.  One  of  the  finest  ranches  in  the 
state  is  owned  by  Mr.  Pitman.  It  lies  along 
the  shores  of  Palmer  Lake,  near  Loomis.  The 
present  county  clerk  is  Eugene  Wehe.  Mr. 
Wehe  also  deals  largely  in  real  estate. 


The  pioneer  merchant  of  the  town  which 
bears  his  name  was  J.  A.  Loomis.  It  was  in 
1886  that  he  came  to  the  pretty  valley  of  the 
Sinlahekin,  at  the  base  of  Palmer  Mountain, 
and  purchased  an  interest  in  what  is  now 
known  as  Loomis  ranch,  west  of  the  town. 
The  authoratative  and  postal  name  is  Loomis, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


545 


although  the  name  Loomiston  has  crept  into 
certain  maps,  papers  and  pamphlets,  and  by 
some  old  residents  in  the  neighborhood  it  is 
still  recognized  as  Loomiston.  Legally  there 
is  no  townsite  of  Loomis.  The  land  has  never 
been  patented,  although  there  is  a  strong  claim- 
ant, and  the  matter  is  in  litigation  in  the  courts. 
In  the  early  70's  Loomis  was  the  winter  cattle 
station  of  the  Phelps  &  Wadleigh  Company. 
During  the  severe  winter  of  1879-80  they  suf- 
fered the  loss  of  their  entire  band  of  three 
thousand  cattle,  and  shortly  afterward  they 
disposed  of  the  ill-fated  station  to  Henry  Well- 
ington, an  old  time  prospector  and  stockman. 
In  1884  Mr.  Wellington  sold  the  Loomis  ranch 
to  Guy  Waring.  Two  years  later  Waring  and 
Loomis  became  partners  in  business.  It  was 
at  that  time  that  the  original  trading  post  was 
established,  and  the  point  derived  a  "local  hab- 
itation and  a  name."  Their  stock  in  trade, 
consisting  of  almost  every  variety  of  general 
merchandise,  was  freighted  in  from  Spokane, 
a  long,  expensive  and  inconvenient  haul,  cross- 
ing the  Columbia  at  "Wild  Goose  Bill's"  ferry. 
This  ferry  consisted  of  a  small  fleet  of  canoes 
for  the  transportation  of  goods  and  passen- 
gers ;  horses  and  cattle  were  compelled  to  swim 
the  stream. 

Thus,  in  1884  was  established  the  first  bus- 
iness enterprise  in  the  northern  part  of  Okan- 
ogan county.  There  were  few  white  men  in 
the  country  north  of  the  Columbia  river  at  this 
period.  Yet  notwithstanding  the  scarcity  of 
population  the  store  did  a  flourishing  business, 
the  few  customers  making  large  individual 
purchases,  thus  swelling  the  volume  of  trade 
to  profitable  proportions.  Until  the  mining 
e.xcitement  of  the  early  90's  the  business  was 
conducted  in  a  small  building  at  the  creek  on 
the  "Loomis  ranch."  Subsequently  the  stock 
of  goods  was  removed  to  a  larger  and  more 
substantial  structure  near  the  Northern  Hotel, 
and  there  the  business  was  continued  until 
1898,  at  which  period  the  firm  of  J.  A.  Loomis 
&  Company  was  dissolved.     The  unfortunate 


head  of  the  concern  and  chief  proprietor  be- 
came insane,  necessitating  his  confinement  in 
the  state  asylum  at  Medical  Lake,  Spokane 
county,  where  he  died  in  the  autumn  of  1899. 
Although  Mr.  Loomis  had  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  business  throughout  the  greater  por- 
tion of  his  career,  he  became  insolvent  in  1894. 
Thereafter  the  business  was  in  charge  of  J  O. 
Calhoun,  acting  as  agent  for  the  creditors. 

Previous  to  the  disastrous  winter  of  1879- 
80,  the  firm  of  Phelps  &  Wadleigh  ranged  their 
large  herd  of  cattle  in  the  Sinlahekin  valley  in 
the  basin  formed  by  Palmer,  Aeneas,  Chapacca 
and  Gold  mountains.  During  the  early  70's 
Hiram  F.  Smith,  well  known  throughout  the 
west  as  "Okanogan"  Smith,  with  his  partner, 
John  McDonald,  James  Palmer,  after  whom 
the  famous  Palmer  Mountain  was  named, 
George  Runnells,  better  known  as  "Tenas 
George,"  Henry  Wellington  and  several  other 
adventurous  spirits  came  up  this  beautiful  val- 
ley and  made  the  original  locations  on  the 
mountains  named.  Of  these  early  pioneers 
some  have  joined  the  great  majority;  others 
yet  remain  to  tell  of  the  early  days  and  the 
early  struggles  outside,  as  it  were,  the  pale  of 
civilization. 

But  long  before  this  period  of  which  we 
write,  and  soon  after  the  opening  of  the  civil 
war,  Alvin  R.  Thorp  came  overland  from  Mis- 
souri and  prospected  for  placer  leads  in  many 
sections  of  the  northwest.  Mr.  Thorp  now 
oAvns  one  of  the  best  cultivated  agricultural 
and  fruit  farms  in  the  valley  adjacent  to  Loo- 
mis. With  him  at  one  time  was  Mike  Byrnes, 
a  characteristic  prospector  of  the  old  school. 
Byrnes  was  somewhat  of  a  literary  turn  of 
mind  and  compiled  a  voluminous  diary  re- 
porting many  of  his  adventures.  In  1879  he 
made  a  trip  from  Victoria  up  the  Stickeen  and 
hundreds  of  miles  east  overland,  only  to  be  re- 
warded by  sickness  and  disappointed  hopes. 

Another  early  pioneer  in  Loomis  was  Jacob 
Xeiderauer.  known  more  familiarly  among  his 
friends  as  "Dutch  Jake,"  although  no  relative 


546 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOX. 


of  the  other  "Dutch  Jake,"  formerly  of  the 
Couer  d'Alenes,  now  of  Spokane.  Tacol>  Nei- 
derauer  discovered  the  O.  S.  (Oviantum  Suf- 
licit)  mine  and  located  his  homestead  at  the 
base  of  Mt.  Aeneas.  On  his  ranch  are  two 
small  lakes,  one  of  which  is  plentifully  s.ocked 
with  carp.  It  appears  that  "Okanogan"  Smith 
made  the  original  location  near  Mr.  Ellme-i 
ham.  He  named  it  the  "Julia,"  but  it  has  since 
been  re-located  as  the  "King  Solomon,"  and  is 
now  owned  by  people  residing  in  Spokane. 
The  first  stakes  on  Palmer  Mountain  were 
driven  by  Joseph  Hunter.  He  discovered  the 
Black  Bear  mine  in  1887.  One  year  subse- 
quently he  disposed  of  the  property  for  $12,000. 
The  five-stamp  mill  at  Loomis  is  named  the 
Black  Bear. 

A  typical  western  mining  town  is  Loonvs. 
Its  main  street  of  three  blocks  in  length  was 
laid  out  in  perhaps  the  worst  place  in  the  val- 
ley. It  rises  abruptly  north  and  south  'from  a 
deep  ravine  which  intersects  the  theoretical 
townsite.  This  ravine  has  been  partially  filled 
in  and  "Main"  street  graded.  In  1888  George 
H.  Noyes  arrived  from  Springfield,  Massachu- 
setts and  purchased  Guy  Waring"s  interest  in 
the  trading  post.  Through  the  efforts  of  Mr. 
Noyes  a  postofilice  was  established  at  Loon-,is 
and  he  became  the  first  postmaster,  holding 
the  office  until  the  incoming  of  President 
Cleveland's  administration  in  1893.  Guy 
Waring  returned  to  Boston  where,  after  a  res- 
idence of  a  few  years,  he  drifted  back  to  Oka- 
nogan county,  subsequently  locating  near  Win- 
throp,  in  the  Methow  country.  At  present  Mr. 
Noyes  is  located  at  Loomis  and  holds  the  office 
of  United  States  Commissioner. 

A  large  number  of  prospectors  and  mining 
operators  were  attracted  to  this  district  in  the 
early  90's  by  the  rich  mineral  discoveries,  es- 
pecially those  on  Palmer  mountain.  Samuel  I. 
Silverman  was  among  the  first  to  arrive,  com- 
ing from  Spokane,  where  he  was  recognized 
as  a  prominent  mining  promoter.  Mr.  Silver- 
man organized   the  Oro   Fino  Placer  Mining 


Company,  and  also  platted  what  he  termed 
the  townsite  of  "Loomistown."  J.  A.  Loomis 
and  a  Spokane  real  estate  firm.  Tilton,  Stocker 
&  Frye,  were  associated  with  Silverman.  They 
undertook  to  secure  a  title  to  the  projected 
townsite,  but  owing  to  internal  dissensions  the 
enterprise,  so  far  as  a  proper  title  was  con- 
cerned, failed. 

Loomis  improved  rapidly  during  189 1-2, 
affording  an  embarrassment  of  riches  in  the 
way  of  business;  there  being  three  general 
stores,  eight  saloons,  two  dance  halls,  and 
other  business  concerns.  Mining  development, 
though  in  many  instances  woefully  misman- 
aged, employed  hundreds  of  men  and  proved 
the  immense  value  of  the  ledges.  At  enormous 
expense  mining  machinery  was  rushed  into  the 
district.  Some  of  it  yet  lies  on  the  hillsides, 
never  having  been  erected;  silent  yet  eloquent 
testimony  to  the  disastrous  results  of  the  finan- 
cial depression  of  1893.  Mills  and  concentra- 
tors were  erected  before  the  over-sanguine  own- 
ers knew  what  treatment  was  required  for  the 
most  economical  extraction  and  conservation 
of  ore  values.  Then  came  1893 — after  that 
the  deluge.  Mines  employing  many  men  were 
closed  down  peremptorily.  The  district  re- 
mained dromant  up  to  the  fall  of  1898. 

During  the  summer  and  fall  of  1899  a  won- 
derful change  for  the  better  passed  over 
Loomis.  From  a  sleepy,  unprogressive  settle- 
ment there  sprang  into  life  a  bustling,  hustling 
mining  camp  where  the  sound  of  the  hammer 
was  heard  from  morning  until  nightfall ;  only 
the  scarcity  of  lumber  retarded  the  erection  of 
many  buildings  badly  needed,  and  which  would 
otherwise  have  been  added  to  the  town.  Every 
hotel  and  lodging  house  was  crowded  to  the 
point  of  discomfort.  It  was  a  daily  occur- 
rence to  meet  men  going  from  one  hotel  to 
another  in  search  of  a  bed.  The  underlying 
cause  of  this  new-born  prosperity  may  be  signi- 
fied in  two  words,  "mining  development." 
Conservative  mining  men  reinforced  by  ample 
capital,  injected  new  life  into  the  district  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


547 


opening  up  long  neglected  properties  in  a  man- 
ner calculated  to  insure  the  prosperity  of 
Loomis  for  a  long  time  to  come.  Many  of  the 
old  prospectors  who  had  staked  their  claims 
in  the  \-icinity  of  Loomis  did  not  abandon  their 
holdings  when  the  "boom"  collapsed  in  1893. 
They  had  remained  and  the  better  days  of  1899 
found  them  able  to  dispose  of  their  claims  at 
fair  prices  and  reap  the  reward  which  they  had 
felt  sure  was  to  come  . 

In  May,  1897.  Rev.  J.  T.  ?vlc Arthur,  of 
Waterville,  Douglas  county,  and  Rev.  C.  H. 
Phipps,  of  Spokane,  visited  Loomis  and  orga- 
nized the  First  Presbyterian  church.  The 
foundation  for  this  event  had  been  laid  by  Rev. 
J.  E.  Stewart,  now  resident  pastor,  and  a  num- 
ber of  other  communicants  of  that  denomina- 
tion. Services  are  held  in  the  school  house. 
The  trustees  elected  were  William  McDonald, 
O.  S.  Stocker  and  Dr.  S.  M.  Willard.  Occa- 
sional services  are  held  by  the  Methodists  in 
the  school  house.  The  Catholic  is  the  only 
church  society  in  Loomis  having  a  house  of 
worship.     Services  are  held  once  a  month. 

October  29,  1897,  the  Palmer  Mountain 
Prospector,  referring  to  educational  matters 
in  Loomis,  said : 

"There  are  between  fifty  and  sixty  scholars 
in  the  school  and  that  is  too  many  for  one 
teacher  to  handle  and  do  justice  to  herself  or 
to  the  children.  It  has  been  necessary  to  send 
for  additional  seats  to  accommodate  those  now 
in  the  room.  There  are  a  number  who  yet 
expect  to  attend.  There  is  no  place  to  put  them 
under  present  conditions.  It  is  deplorable  that 
the  finances  of  the  district  are  at  so  low  an  ebb 
that  another  department  cannot  be  opened  for 
a  portion  at  least  of  the  younger  scholars.  We 
have  a  progressive  school  board,  alive  to  the 
best  interests  of  our  educational  establishment, 
anxious  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  supply 
school  facilities  to  all  who  apply,  and  they  may 
yet  be  able  to  remedy  the  present  congestion."' 
A  recondescence  of  animated  prosperity 
was  in  evidence  in  Loomis  durinsf  the  autumn 


of  1897.  In  November  of  that  year  immense 
volumes  of  freight  were  pouring  into  the  town. 
These  large  invoices  of  merchandise  were  indi- 
cative of  growing  consumption  and  a  better 
demand  for  goods  than  had  been  experienced 
in  several  years.  At  the  steamer  landing, 
Riverside,  a  large  quantity  of  general  merchan- 
dise was  awaiting  transportation  to  Loomis, 
which  was  at  this  period  an  active  distribut- 
ing point.  Confidence  in  the  increasing  pros- 
perit)'  was  thus  voiced  by  the  Palmer  Moun- 
tain Prospector : 

Somehow  or  other  there  is  a  marked  improvement  in 
the  camp.  The  vivifying  ozone  coupled  with  encourag- 
ing prospects  of  renewed  activity  in  mining  circles  has 
touched  the  spot  like  a  bumper  of  champagne  and  there 
is  more  spring  to  the  footstep,  a  brighter  sparkle  in  the 
eye,  a  clearer  ring  to  the  voice  than  for  a  long  time. 
People  seem  in  a  better  humor,  there  is  a  pleased  smile 
hovering  about  every  countenance  and  a  touch  of  good 
fellowship  prevails.  There  are  open  discussions  of 
prospective  and  pending  deals,  and  vague  rumors  and 
hints  of  extensive  development  under  consideration,  a 
restoration  of  confidence  among  the  weak-kneed,  its 
solidification  among  the  always  hopeful,  and  a  general 
feeling  that  the  clouds  are  rolling  by.  Added  to  this  on 
every  hand  come  in  the  most  encouraging  reports  of 
improvement  in  the  character  of  quartz  encountered  on 
every  property  under  development.  It  is  the  first  ray 
of  the  coming  up  of  the  refulgent  sun  of  prosperity,  and 
it  is  light  that  gladdens  the  heart  and  injects  new  life 
into  the  veins  of  every  resident  of  the  county.  It  is  the 
first  real  rejuvenating  health  throb  of  the  pulsations 
that  are  to  pump  quickening  blood  into  Loomis,  and  the 
adjacent  mining  districts,  and  will  eventually  make  of 
this  the  center  of  the  greatest  mining  enterprises  and 
more  of  them  than  were  ever  set  on  foot  in  the  north- 
west. The  going  out  of  the  old  and  coming  in  of  the 
new  year  will  be  a  great  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  upper 
Okanogan,  or  no  faith  can  be  placed  in  the  signs  of  the 
times  which  just  now  point  that  way  very  distinctly. 


During  the  month  of  December,  1897, 
there  was  considerable  indignant  protest 
against  apparently  needless  delay  in  inlx)un(l 
freight  transportation.  It  was  asserted,  and 
with  excellent  proof,  that  from  six  to  eight 
weeks  were  required  in  which  to  ship  goods 
from  Spokane  and  Seattle  to  Loomis.  One 
humorouslv  inclined  individual  claimed  that  he 


548 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


was  "afraid  to  order  iron  castings  from  the 
outside  as  there  is  danger  of  their  being  spoiled 
by  decomposition  before  arrival."  This  became 
a  new  classification  of  "perishable  freight." 

The  same  month  a  Ladies'  Aid  Society  was 
organized.  Mrs.  F.  M.  Dallam  was  chosen 
president,  Mrs.  James  O'Herrin,  secretary, 
and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Willard,  treasurer.  Meetings 
were  held  at  the  residences  of  members.  The 
Christmas  of  1897  was  celebrated  by  elaborate 
exercises  at  the  school  house  under  the  auspices 
of  the  local  Sabbath  school.  They  included  a 
Christmas  tree  from  which  presents  were  gen- 
erously distributed,  music  and  literary  exer- 
cises. 

The  summer  of  1899  was  accentuated  by  a 
marked  improvement  in  property  values.  Build- 
ings sold  at  high  prices  which  only  a  short  time 
previous  had  been  considered  nearly  worthless. 
James  Henderson  refused  an  offer  of  $2,000 
for  a  building  on  Main  street  which  he  had 
recently  purchased  at  a  remarkably  low  figure 
from  John  Boyd.  The  same  day  an  ofifer  of 
$2,500  was  refused  for  a  building  on  Main 
street.  The  reader  should  take  into  considera- 
tion that  these  prices  included  the  buildings 
alone,  as  the  real  estate  was  unsalable,  not  hav- 
ing been  patented. 

March  i,  1899,  one  of  the  warehouses  of 
the  Loomis  &  Company's  store  building  was 
removed  to  Spectacle  Lake  by  S.  J.  Hall  and 
E.  W.  Pember.  The  edifice  having  been 
loaded  upon  two  wagons  was  transported  in- 
tact, the  motive  power  being  twelve  horses. 
This  building  was  a  portion  of  the  property 
recently  purchased  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Stewart  for 
his  farm  near  the  lake.  The  novel  transporta- 
tion of  this  structure  through  Main  street  at- 
tracted no  little  attention  and  comment. 

Saturday.  March  25.  1899,  there  was  en- 
acted in  the  streets  of  Loomis  a  tragdev  re- 
sulting in  the  death  of  James  O'Connell, 
otherwise  known  as  "Pinnacle  Jim."  He  was 
shot  to  death  by  John  O'Herrin  on  the  side- 
walk in  front  of  Woodard's  saloon.    The  bodv 


of  the  dead  man  was  removed  to  an  empty  store 
building  and  left  for  the  night.  0"  the  fol- 
lowing morning  the  body  was  examined  by  Dr. 
Willard  and  three  bullet  wounds  discovered. 
One  had  entered  the  right  breast  below  the  col- 
lar bone,  passing  through  the  body  and  com- 
ing out  near  the  spinal  column.  Another  had 
entered  the  left  shoulder,  ranged  downward 
and  was  removed  from  near  the  surface  by  Dr. 
Willard.  The  third  bullet  passed  through  the 
fleshy  part  of  the  left  forearm.  Near  the  scene 
of  the  killing  a  knife  w-as  found. 

At  the  examination  of  O'Herrin  which  took 
place  Monday  evening  following,  the  circum- 
stances of  the  shooting  were  detailed  and  the 
facts  appeared  to  fully  justify  O'Herrin.  He 
pleaded  self-defense  and  the  plea  was  appar- 
ently well  substantiated  by  witnesses.  The  de- 
fendant, testifying  in  his  own  behalf,  said  that 
he  had  known  O'Connell  about  eight  years 
and  had  frequently  loaned  him  money.  On 
Saturday,  the  day  of  the  shooting,  O'Herrin 
claimed  that  O'Connell  had  abused  him  and  had 
continued  the  abuse  in  Woodard's  saloon,  and 
invited  him  to  go  outside.  Defendant  had  done 
so  and  observing  O'Connell  reach  behind  his 
back  as  though  in  search  of  a  weapon,  he  had 
shot  in  self-defense.  This  version  of  the  affair 
was  corroborated  by  a  number  of  witnesses, 
and  the  court,  taking  the  matter  under  advise- 
ment until  Tuesday  morning,  discharged 
O'Herrin  from  custody. 

"Pinnacle  Jim"  was  one  of  the  best  known 
old-time  prospectors  in  the  Palmer  Mountain 
mining  district.  His  funeral  occurred  Monday 
afternoon,  March  2^,  and  the  body  was  fol- 
lowed to  the  grave  by  a  long  procession  of 
friends.  During  the  week  following  O'Con- 
nell's  death  Mr.  D.  G.  Chilson  received  a  letter 
from  a  Mrs.  O'Neal,  of  San  Francisco.  in()uir- 
ing  the  whereabouts  of  James  O'Connell  who, 
the  letter  stated,  was  Mrs.  O'Neal's  uncle.  The 
letter  was  dated  and  postmarked  two  cla\s  be- 
fore O'Conijell's  death.  From  the  contents  it 
appeared   that   nothing  had  been   heard    from 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


549 


O'Connell  since  1884,  and  that  his  presence 
was  desired  in  the  settlement  of  a  family  estate. 

Sunda}-,  October  6,  1899,  Oscar  McClure, 
a  young  man  about  sixteen  years  of  age,  was 
drowned  in  the  slough  near  Golden  Zone,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Loomis.  The  unfortunate  youth 
was  attempting  to  ride  a  log  when  it  rolled 
suddenly,  precipitating  him  into  the  water.  Al- 
though his  companion,  George  \V.  Loudon, 
made  strenous  efforts  to  rescue  him.  they  proved 
unavailing  there  being  no  boat  at  the  point 
where  the  disaster  occurred.  The  body  was 
buried  Ttiesday  near  the  scene  of  the  accident. 
The  lad's  parents  resided  at  Clover,  Washing- 
ton. 

In  October  a  petition  was  circulated  by 
Deputy  Sheriff  Murphy  among  the  business 
men  for  the  purpose  of  securing  means  to  erect 
a  city  jail.  Sufficient  money  was  subscribed 
to  erect  a  structure  14  x  14  feet  in  size. 

In  December,  1899,  a  gratifying  increase 
was  noticeable  in  the  business  of  the  Loomis 
postoffice.  During  the  months  of  September, 
October  and  November  $16,000  worth  of  post- 
al orders  were  issued  and  the  cancellation  of 
stamps  had  increased  $200  per  month  over  the 
report  for  the  preceding  quarter.  So  heavy 
was  the  incoming  mail  that  the  contractor  barely 
arrived  on  schedule  time. 

A  romantic  legend  is  connected  with  the 
death  of  "Humpy,"  an  aged  Indian  squaw, 
who  was  drowned  in  the  Sinlahekin  in  Decem- 
ber, not  for  from  Loomis.  The  name  "Humpy" 
was  bestowed  on  her  after  her  back  had  been 
seriously  injured  from  cruel  blows  at  the  hands 
of  a  jealous  Indian  lover  many  years  before  her 
death.  It  is  claimed  on  substantial  authority 
that  her  white  admirer  of  whom  the  red  lover 
was  jealous,  was  none  other  than  a  distin- 
guished "remittance  man,"  from  England,  who 
could,  if  so  disposed,  trace  his  genealogy  high 
in  the  British  aristocracy.  The  unfortunate 
woman  was  well  and  favorably  known  through- 
out the  northern  Okanogan  country.  She  was 
invariably  kind   to   her   people   who   mL-)urned 


deeply  at  the  time  of  her  accidental  drowning. 

Joseph  H.  McDonald,  one  of  the  pioneer 
prospectors  of  Okanogan  county,  who  came  to 
Loomis  soon  after  the  county  was  organized, 
died  at  midnight,  January  28,  1899.  Mr.  Mc- 
Donald had  been  closely  identified  with  all  the 
prominent  mining  camps  in  this  section  of  the 
country  during  the  "boom"  days,  first  at 
Ruby  and  ConconuUy  and,  toward  the  close  of 
his  life  he  had  divided  his  time  between  Loom- 
is and  Republic.  He  had  been  for  a  number  of 
years  well  acc[uainted  with  "Okanogan"  Smith, 
"Tenas  George,"  Henry  Well.ngton,  James 
Palmer  and  other  well-known  frontiersmen 
and  prospectors.  The  funeral  took  place  Mon- 
day, December  4,  and  a  large  concourse  of 
friends  and  fellow  citizens  followed  the  remains 
to  the  cemetery  where  the  last  sad  rites  were 
performed  by  J.  O.  Calhoun. 

Not  until  October,  1900,  was  Loomis  con- 
nected with  the  outside  world  by  long-distance 
telephone.  At  present  the  service  is  all  that 
could  be  desired. 

There  are  in  Loomis  four  secret  societies. 
A  camp  of  Woodmen  of  the  World  was  or- 
ganized July  21,  1900,  beginning  its  existence 
with  a  membership  of  twenty-seven.  In  1902 
the  first  Odd  Fellows  lodge  in  Okanogan  coun- 
ty was  instituted  here.  Puritan  Circle  Women 
of  Woodcraft  has  a  strong  membership  and  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition  financially  and  so- 
cially. During  the  autumn  of  1903  Aerie  No. 
522,  Fraternal  Order  of  Eagles,  was  organized 
and  at  present  has  a  good  working  member- 
ship. 

The  government  census  of  1900  gave 
Loomis  a  population  of  428.  The  altitude  is 
1,300  feet. 

CHES.A.W. 

In  the  northeastern  corner  of  Okanogan 
county,  in  the  Meyers  Creek  Mining  District, 
is  a  group  of  four  little  villages,  all  within  a 
few  miles  of  each  other,  and  chief  among  them 
is  Chesaw.     The  town  is  located  on  ^Meyers 


550 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Creek,  only  a  short  distance  south  (if  tlie  Inter- 
national Boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  British  Columbia.  The  surround- 
ing country  is  rich  in  mining  prospects,  and 
with  promised  transportation  facilities,  Che- 
saw,  as  the  center  of  the  Meyers  Creek  Mining 
District,  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal towns  in  Okanogan  county.  It  is  con- 
nected by  daily  stage  with  Republic,  in  Ferry 
county,  and  with  Oroville  and  points  west  by 
stage  three  times  a  week.  The  town  is  also 
connected  with  the  outside  world  by  the  Pa- 
cific States  telephone  lines. 

For  many  years  prior  to  the  opening  of  the 
"North  Half"  of  the  Colville  Indian  reserva- 
tion to  mineral  entry  in  1896,  there  lived  on  the 
site  of  the  present  town  of  Chesaw  a  Chinaman 
named  Chesaw,  with  an  Indian  wife.  Chesaw 
devoted  his  time  to  agricultural  pursuits  and 
living  in  a  cabin  on  Meyers  Creek.  His  hum- 
ble "bungaloo"  was  on  the  trail  through  the 
north  country  used  by  the  Indians  and  the  few 
early  settlers.  This  trail  passed  through  Oro- 
ville, on  the  Okanogan  river,  to  Chesaw's 
cabin,  and  to  the  east  through  Rock  Creek  and 
Midway,  on  the  Kettle  River  in  British  Colum- 
bia, thence  to  Marcus  in  Stevens  county.  The 
spot  where  now  stands  the  thriving  town  of 
Chesaw  was  known  in  those  early  days  as 
"Chesaw's  ford,"  of  Meyers  Creek,  and  when 
the  town  first  sprung  into  life  it  was  named 
Chesaw  in  honor  of  the  old  Chinese  settler. 
This  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  instance 
of  an  American  town  named  in  honor  of  a 
Chinaman. 

\\'hen  the  reser\-ation  was  thrown  open,  in 
February,  1896,  many  prospectors  flocked  to 
the  Chesaw  crossing  of  ]\Ieyers  Creek,  which 
was  known  to  he  rich  in  mineral,  .\mong  the 
prospectors  who  came  in  1S96  were  Dennis 
McCarthy,  Louis  Larson,  Robert  Allison,  John 
Mulhollen.  Philip  Pingston.  J.  W.  Shrowdy, 
J.  H.  Mur])hy,  Jerome  Ilenkins,  D.  W.  Ferrel, 
jnhn   .McEachcn,  Frank  Currv,   Tohn  McXeil, 


James  Long,  D.  L.  Webb,  Daniel  McLung, 
William  Fahsbender,  James  Lynch,  James 
Grant,  John  Grant  and  Frank  Eiholtz. 
The  best  strike  made  during  1896  was  the 
Reno,  located  by  Robert  Allison  and  J(jhn 
Mulhollen,  which  proved  to  be  very  rich  in 
gold.  When  the  town  was  platted  the 
townsite  was  located  on  this  mining  claim. 
These  prospectors  spent  the  winter  of  1896-7 
at  this  point,  a  few  erecting  log  cabins,  and  the 
majority  living  in  tents.  The  following  spring 
more  prospectors  came  into  "  the  land  of  gold." 
and  in  June  the  first  store  in  Chesaw  made  its 
appearance.  It  was  opened  by  U.  L.  McCurdy, 
who  brought  in  a  stock  of  goods  and  started  up 
for  business  in  a  tent  10  .x  20  feet  in  size.  A 
thriving  business  resulted  and  Mr.  McCurdy 
decided  to  make  the  business  permanent.  .\c- 
cordingly  in  the  fall  of  1897  he  erected  an 
18x36  log  cabin  for  a  store  building  and  in- 
creased his  stock  of  goods.  A  few  years  later 
the  business  increased  and  a  fine  frame  build- 
ing took  the  place  of  the  log  structure. 

In  the  spring  of  1898  more  people  came  to 
the  new  town  and  other  business  enterprises 
were  put  on  foot.  The  citizens  succeeded  in 
securing  a  post  ofiice  and  U.  L.  McCurdy.  the 
pioneer  merchant,  became  the  postmaster.  .\n 
assay  office,  which  is  always  one  of  the  first 
business  enterprises  in  a  new  camp,  was  started 
in  a  tent.  Joshua  Clary  opened  a  saloon  in  the 
new  town  the  same  spring.  These  were  the 
only  business  houses  established  in  1S98,  but 
many  cabins  were  erected  during  the  year  and 
a  lively  camp  sprung  into  e.xistence.  In  1899 
E.  E.  Stowell  established  the  second  general 
merchandise  store.  Price's  blacksmith  shop 
was  also  put  into  commission.  A  Sunday- 
school  was  commenced  thfs  year  and  has  ever 
since  been  continued.  There  is  no  church 
building  in  the  town. 

Chesaw-  was  platted  November  14.  1900.  by 
the  Jim  Hill  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pan_\-,    by    its    \-ice-president,    J.    C.    McCurdy. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


551 


June  2^,  1903,  Trenton's  addition  to  Chesaw 
was  platted  by  the  Yakima  Gold  Mining  & 
Milling  Company. 

Barker's  hotel  was  built  in  1900,  and  the 
year  following  Monson  Brothers  erected  an- 
other hotel.  Other  business  enterprises  fol- 
lowed later  and  Chesaw  is  now  the  metropolis 
of  eastern  Okanogan  county  with  a  population 
of  about  250. 

The  only  fire  that  ever  visited  Chesaw  was 
in  October,  1902,  when  the  Hotel  Barker  was 
destroyed.  The  loss  was  partly  covered  by  in- 
surance. Chesaw  has  a  good  public  school, 
about  fifty  scholars  being  enrolled.  There  are 
Odd  Fellows,  Eagles  and    Woodmen    of    the 


World  lodges,  and  a  miners'  union.  In  the 
vicinity  of  the  town  there  is  quite  a  good  acre- 
age of  agricultural  land  from  which  fine  crops 
are  being  gathered.  Most  of  this  land  has 
been  taken  under  the  homestead  law.  Its  qual- 
ity is  much  better  than  that  found  in  some 
other  parts  of  the  state.  At  present  the  prin- 
cipal crops  are  grasses,  wheat  and  oats.  They 
are  mostly  used  for  home  consumption  as  it 
has  been  found  that  transporting  them  to  the 
outside  market  has  been  unprofitable.  Stock- 
raising  is  another  industry  which  is  carried  on 
to  some  extent.  In  the  neighboring  hills  bunch 
grass  grows  in  abundance. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


CITIES  AND    TOWNS— CoNTiNui 


RIVERSIDE. 

Riverside  is  located  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  Okanogan  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Johnson 
creek,  eighteen  miles  east  of  the  county  seat 
and  forty-five  miles  above  Brewster.  Though 
only  a  few  years  old  the  town  has  a  population 
of  about  200  people,  and  is  gaining  rapidly. 
The  buildings  of  Riverside  are  all  new  and  sub- 
stantially constructed. 

Many  years  previous  to  the  settlement  of  the 
town  Uriah  Ward  located  on  the  land  now  oc- 
cupied by  the  present  town  site.  Subsequently 
John  Kendall  secured  a  patent  to  this  land,  but 
it  was  not  until  September  5,  1902,  that  the 
townsite,  comprising  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  w^as  platted  by  James  E.  Forde.  Forty 
acres  additional  were  recently  deeded  by  the 
Riverside  Townsite  Company. 


In  1898  F.  J.  Cummings,  colloquially 
known  as  "Pard"  Cummings,  established  a 
store  about  half  a  mile  above  the  present  town. 
Forde  &  Ellis  built  a  warehouse  near  this  store. 
Later  both  buildings  were  removed  to  the  pres- 
ent town  and  Forde  &  Ellis  opened  a  second 
store.  In  1900  the  postofifice  was  established 
and  Kate  Edwards  became  postmistress,  which 
position  she  still  holds.  There  are  at  present 
in  Riverside  two  stores,  two  warehouses,  two 
saloons,  one  hotel,  one  restaurant,  one  black- 
smith shop  and  two  lawyers.  At  this  point 
there  is  a  ferry  across  the  Okanogan  river. 
AIcLauthlin  rapids,  just  above  the  town,  make 
Riverside  the  terminal  of  navigation  up  the 
river  from  Brewster.  It  is  also  the  "hub"  and 
supply  point  for  the  north  half  of  Okanogan 
county,  and  the  outfitting  point  for  the  "South 
Half"  of  the  Colville  reservation.     The  amount 


55^ 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  freight  handled  fur  the  northern  part  of  the 
county  is  increasing  annually.  In  1902  the  total 
amounted  to  $1,250,000. 

So  early  as  1897  an  attempt  was  made  to 
establish  a  town  at  this  site  to  be  known  as 
Okanogan  City.  Quite  a  spirited  movement 
was  made  in  this  direction,  but  the  scheme  was 
abandoned  almost  at  its  inception.  June  18, 
1897,  the  Palmer  Mountain  Prospector  said  of 
this  progressive  town : 

"A  new  town  is  springing  up  in  the  county 
of  which  but  little  has  been  said  and  not  a 
great  deal  known  even  by  those  living  within 
a  radius  of  a  few  miles.  The  fledgling  that  is 
gradually  coming  into  existence  without  blare 
of  trumpets,  an  elaborate  blue  print  plat,  and 
a  gilt-edged  prospectus  that  promises  abundant 
riches  to  every  lot  hivestor,  is  to  be  known  upon 
the  maps  as  Okanogan  City,  and  is  located  at 
the  junction  of  Johnson  Creek  with  the  Okano- 
gan river,  the  highest  point  of  navigation 
reached  by  the  steamer  Ellensburg.  A  Seattle 
syndicate  is  back  of  the  enterprise,  and  is  fur- 
nishing the  capital  for  the  first  buildings  in  the 
place.  The  townsite  is  all  that  could  be  de- 
sired so  far  as  topography  is  concerned,  and 
well  chosen  as  a  central  point  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  county.  There  is  no  good  reason — with 
the  opening  up  of  surrounding  mines,  light 
craft  navigation  of  the  river  and  the  occupancy 
of  the  agricultural  lands  in  the  valley — why 
Okanogan  City  should  not  in  time  become  quite 
a  flourishing  place.  Carpenters  are  now  busy 
on  the  town  site  putting  up  the  first  structures 
that  are  to  be  the  nucleus  about  which  is  to 
spring  into  existence  the  future  metropolis. 
The  improvements  under  way  are  a  large,  two- 
stor}^  hotel,  which  is  to  be  complete  in  all  its 
appointments ;  a  building  in  w-hich  is  to  be  placed 
general  merchandise;  another  structure  where 
the  interior  of  man  may  be  irrigated  with  such 
fluids  as  may  suit  the  fancy,  and  a  livery  stable. 
This  combination  meets  the  wants  of  the  travel- 
ing public,  and  as  the  demand  grows  for  accom- 
modation the  saw  and  hammer  will  supply  the 


required  slielter.  Some  of  the  material  for  the 
edifices  in  hand  was  shipped  from  the  west 
coast,  but  most  of  the  lumber  and  trimmings 
were  procured  from  local  mill  men.  The  amount 
of  labor  required  and  the  number  of  mechanics 
necessary  to  do  it  has  the  effect  of  causing  a 
pretty  lively  stir  about  the  landing.  For  the 
good  of  the  country  as  a  whole,  and  as  a  recom- 
pense to  the  enterprising  projectors  behind  it, 
we  trust  Okanogan  City  will  flourish  and  grow- 
apace." 

At  Riverside  the  Okanogan  river  reached 
its  highest  point  in  years  in  June,  1903.  On 
Main  street  people  frequently  went  riding  in 
skififs,  and  there  was  a  sui^cient  stage  of  water 
to  enable  steamboats  to  land  at  the  rear  of  the 
Glenwood  Mercantile  Company's  store.  Still, 
in  the  face  of  all  this  threatened  disaster,  only 
one  building  was  vacated  in  the  town,  that  being 
the  Columbia  &  Okanogan  warehouse.  The 
town  is  the  principal  wool  shiping  point  in  the 
county,  shipments  from  this  point  running  up 
into  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  pounds  an- 
nually. 

Saturday,  August  15,  1903,  a  special  meet- 
ing was  held  for  the  purpose  of  voting  $1,500 
in  bonds  to  build  a  school  building.  The  vote 
resulted  37  to  8  in  favor  of  the  bonds.  The 
new  edifice  was  erected  and  is  considered  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  county,  and  the  course  of  in- 
struction is  under  a  competent  corps  of  teach- 
ers. The  clerk  of  the  school  district  is  J.  D. 
Williams. 

Riverside  is  ambitious.  Its  citizens  confi- 
dently expect  to  secure  the  location  of  the 
county  seat  within  its  limits  at  an  early  date. 
The  Great  Northern  Railway  Company  has  had 
a  sur\-ey  made  for  a  branch  line  from  We- 
natchee  along  the  Columbia  and  Okanogan  ri\- 
ers  to  tap  the  valley  of  the  latter  stream.  Gov- 
ernment engineers  have  run  a  survey  for  an 
irrigation  canal  which,  considered  as  a  definite 
underetaking,  will  irrigate  thousands  of  acres 
of  land  in  the  territory  tributary  to  River- 
side. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


553 


Oroville,  or  as  the  name  is  commonly  ab- 
breviated, "Oro,"  is  a  town  of  thirty  or  forty 
inhabitants  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Okanogan  and  Similkameen  rivers  in  northern 
Okanogan  county.  Surrounding  the  town  is  a 
rich  agricultural  country,  and  the  products  of 
the  many  farms  which  are  located  in  the  valleys 
and  on  the  hillsides,  find  a  ready  market  in  the 
town  of  Oroville.  Twenty-five  thousand  bush- 
els of  wheat  are  raised  annually  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity,  and  as  yet  only  a  small  per  cent, 
of  the  rich  land  is  cultivated. 

It  was  due  to  the  fertility  of  the  land  that 
the  section  of  the  country  around  Oroville  was 
one  of  the  earliest  settled  in  the  country.  In 
the  fall  of  1873  Alexander  McCauley,  who 
still  resides  here,  came  to  this  country  and  set- 
tled on  his  ranch  within  one  mile  of  the  present 
townsite.  He  was  the  only  white  man 
within  a  radius  of  many  miles.  Being  a  friend 
of  Chief  Moses,  who  then  claimed  jurisdiction 
over  the  whole  of  the  Okanogan  country,  Mr. 
McCauley  was  allowed  to  remain  in  peaceful 
possession  of  his  land.  A  couple  of  years  later 
a  few  stockmen  commenced  driving  their  herds 
here  in  the  summer.  In  the  course  of  time  other 
white  men  came  to  the  country  and  settled  on 
land. 

In  July,  1 89 1,  there  were  quite  a  number  of 
them  in  the  valley  and  Robert  Allison  brought 
over  a  stock  of  goods  from  the  then  flourishing 
mining  camp  of  Loomis,  and  established  a  store. 
A  postofifice  was  soon  secured  and  a  small  town 
began  to  make  its  appearance.  On  June  30  of 
the  following  year  the  town  was  platted  by 
the  Oro  Town  and  Improvement  Company. 
The  town  continued  to  grow  and  several  other 
business  enterprises  were  established. 

Thursday  night,  November  22,  1900,  Oro- 
ville was  visited  by  a  disastrous  fire,  the  gen- 
eral store  of  the  Oroville  Trading  Comany  be- 
ing completely  destroyed,  causing  a  loss  on 
stock  and  building  of  $15,000.     The  postoflice 


was  in  the  same  building-  and  the  contents  were 
destroyed.  Prospects  are  favorable  for  Oro- 
ville to  become  one  of  the  most  prosperous 
towns  in  the  county.  An  enterprise  that  is 
under  way  at  the  present  time  is  the  installation 
of  a  power  plant  at  the  Similkameen  falls,  a  few 
miles  above  the  town,  by  the  Similkameen  Falls 
Power  &  Development  Company,  to  be  used 
in  developing  the  company's  mines,  and  also 
to  furnish  electric  lights  for  Oroville  and  other 
towns  in  the  vicinity. 

Oroville  is  connected  with  Loomis  by  daily 
stage,  and  with  Chesaw  by  stage  three  times 
a  week.  The  altitude  of  the  townsite  is  only 
913  feet  above  sea  level,  one  of  the  lowest  points 
in  the  county.  Local  blacksmiths  have  been 
experimenting  with  a  pump  for  irrigating  pur- 
poses, and  lately  they  have  perfected  one  that 
will  irrigate  twenty  acres  by  carrying  a  stream 
from  any  source  by  means  of  two  18-inch  pipes. 


In  the  northeastern  corner  of  Okanogan 
county,  two  mileS'  northeast  of  Chesaw,  and 
within  sight  of  British  Columbia,  is  Bolster, 
once  the  almost  successful  rival  of  Chesaw, 
now  a  practically  deserted  village.  Being 
suituated  on  the  Colville  Indian  reservation, 
prospectors  and  settlers  were  barred  out  until 
1896.  When  the  reservation  was  thrown  open 
prospectors  came  to  this  district.  Those  who 
staked  claims  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Bol- 
ster were  James  McEachen,  John  McNeil,  P. 
H.  Pingston,  George  Tindall  and  John  Schaffer. 

Most  of  these  prospectors  and  others  who 
came  later  erected  their  cabins  on  the  spot 
where  the  town  was  afterward  located,  and  by 
the  spring  of  1898  there  was  quite  a  settlement. 
At  that  time  William  Hamilton,  who  is  now  in 
business  in  Chesaw,  took  a  small  stock  of  goods 
to  the  new  camp  and  opened  a  store.  He 
was  very  successful  in  this  enterprise  and 
for  a  year  his  was  the  only  business  house 
in  town.     With  the  opening  of  the  spring  of 


554 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1899  Bolster  enjoyed  a  "boom"  and  within  a 
few  months  the  new  town  had  grown  into  a 
very  enterprising  and  wide-awake  place,  threat- 
ening to  outshine  its  neighbor,  Chesaw.  J.  W. 
AIcBride  early  in  the  spring  bought  up  several 
mining  claims  and  platted  the  town.  A.  J. 
Nickle  established  the  second  store  the  same 
spring  and  later  in  the  summer  F.  S.  Evans 
opened  another  store.  Two  saloons  were 
opened  out,  owned  by  Brassfield  Brothers,  and 
by  Oliver  Mickle,  and  the  same  year  witnessed 
the  establishment  of  a  newspaper — the  Bolster 
Drill — to  herald  abroad  the  virtues  of  the  new- 
town. 

Early  in  1900  a  Mr.  McDonald,  of  Green- 
wood, British  Columbia,  erected  a  fine  hotel 
building  at  a  cost  of  $3,000  or  $4,000.  During 
these  lively  times  about  thirty  houses  had  been 
erected  in  Bolster  and  the  town  boasted  of  a 
population  of  two  or  three  hundred  souls.     In 

1900  the  "boom"  collapsed.  Chesaw  had  won 
out  in  its  fight  to  be  classed  as  the  principal 
town  in  the  Meyers  Creek  ]V:^ining  District.  In 
time  all  the  business  houses  closed  down  and 
most  of  the  business  men  removed  to  Chesaw. 

At  Bolster  there  is  now  a  postoffice,  a  few 
families  and  a  town  full  of  vacant  log  cabins — 
all  the  buildings  being  of  log  except  the  hotel. 
There  is  a  daily  mail  and  stage  to  Chesaw. 


Situated  at  an  elevation  of  3.460  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  less  than  a  mile  from  the 
International  Boundary  line,  and  on  the  stage 
route  between  Chesaw  and  Oroville,  eleven 
miles  from  the  former,  and  seventeen  from  the 
latter  town,  is  the  little  hamlet  of  Molson,  with 
a  population  at  the  present  day  of  twenty-seven. 

Molson  was  to  have  been  a  citv.  George 
B.  Mechem,  pronnitur.  c<incei\ed  the  idea.  He 
had  visited  the  country  and  found  here  a  very 
fertile  agricultural  district  which  he  saw  would 
immediately  be  settled  upon  with  the  o]iening  of 
the  "Xiirth  Half"  of  the  reservation  to  home- 


stead entry  in  1900.  Adjacent  to  the  proposed 
site  was  a  country  rich  in  mineral  deposits. 
Mr.  Mechem  decided  to  organize  a  company 
and  establish  a  town  which  was  to  become  a 
future  metropolis.  He  succeeded  in  interesting 
Montreal  capital  and  forming  the  Colville  Res- 
ervation Syndicate,  the  officers  of  which  were 
John  W.  Molson  (after  whom  the  new  town 
was  named)  president;  C.  B.  Greenshields, 
vice-president;  D.  E.  Cameron,  secretary  and 
treasurer;  and  George  B.  Mechem,  general 
manager.  In  the  summer  of  1900,  immediately 
after  the  opening  of  the  "North  Half,"  Mr. 
Mechem,  as  manager  of  the  company,  began  the 
construction  of  the  town,  and  within  a  few 
months  every  building  that  has  ever  been  put 
in  Molson  was  erected.  Fifty  thousand  dollars 
were  spent  by  Mr.  Mechem  in  erecting  these 
structures,  among  othere  a  hotel  building  which 
cost  $8,100,  and  which  would  be  a  credit  to  a 
town  of  several  thousand  inhabitants.  The 
expectations  of  the  promoters  were  being  real- 
ized. Mr.  Mechem  continued  to  expend  money 
lavishly  and  all  descriptions  of  business  enter- 
prises made  their  appearance.  Molson  soon 
had  a  population  of  three  hundred  people. 

The  Chesaw  Trading  Company  opened  a 
general  store  in  the  town.  A  postoffice  was 
established  September  17,  and  Mr.  C.  A.  Blatt, 
the  hotel  keeper,  was  made  postmaster.  Dr. 
J.  B.  Couch  started  a  drug  store.  E.  Peck,  an 
attorney,  located  in  the  town.  The  Molson 
Magnet,  with  A.  A.  Batterson  as  editor,  was 
launched  on  September  7.  Other  busines  enter- 
prises were  a  bakery,  meat  market,  two  lihck- 
smith  shops,  two  restaurants,  two  boarding 
houses,  four  saloons,  a  hotel,  livery  stable, 
townsite  and  assay  offices.  The  buildings 
which  were  erected  by  Mr.  Macb.e.n  were 
not  sufficient  to  take  care  of  the  rush  and  a 
large  part  of  the  population  made  their  homes 
a.nd  conducted  their  business  in  tents.  There 
is  generally  an  explosion  to  "boom"  towns, 
sooner  or  later,  and  the  crash  to  Molson  soon 
came.      In   less  than   a   vear.  or  in   Feliruarv, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1901,  friction  arose  between  ]\Ir.  I\Iechem  and 
tiie  company,  and  improvements  to  the  town 
were  stopped.  The  company  went  into  the 
hands  of  a  receiver  and  its  affairs  were  looked 
after  by  trustees.  It  is  reported  that  Mechem 
was  the  heaviest  loser  in  the  deal.  He,  how- 
ever, went  to  Texas  during  the  oil  excitement 
there,  made  a  large  fortune  and  is  now  a  broker 
on  Wall  street.  Residents  of  Molson  state  that 
Mr.  Mechem  intends  to  revisit  the  town  and 
carry  out  his  interrupted  plans  of  building  a 
city. 

The  hotel  at  Molson  is  still  conducted  by 
Mr.  Blatt  and  a  few  other  business  enterprises 
are  maintained  in  the  town.  The  Pacific  States 
Telephone  Company  has  a  station  here.  The 
Poland-China  mine  is  the  principal  property 
adjacent  to  the  town. 

LOOP    LOOP. 

"About  eight  miles  south  and  slightly  west 
of  Conconully  is  the  deserted  village  of  Loop 
Loop,  which  was  once  the  scene  of  more  mining 
activity  than  any  other  spot  in  Okanogan. 
]\Iillionaires  were  produced  there  in  minutes,  in 
comparison  to  the  slow  and  tedious  process  of 
the  trust  or  'combine.'  A  man  with  a  piece  of 
reck  and  an  assay  certificate  was  in  the  mining 
swim,  and  a  man  who  had  a  ten-foot  shaft  with 
good  showing  of  ore  could  talk  about  nothing 
smaller  than  millions  whenever  the  subject  of 
price  and  'values'  was  approached.  That  was 
fifteen  years  ago,  and  Loop  Loop,  which  lies 
only  a  couple  of  miles  over  the  hill  and  west 
of  the  Ruby  townsite,  was  a  flourishing  town 
because  it  was  'where  the  mines  were.'  As 
Loop  Loop  City  it  w'as  the  first  town  in  Okano- 
gan to  be  platted,  August  14,  1888,  by  W.  P. 
Keady  and  S.  F.  Chadwick.  It  had  a  merchan- 
dise store  or  two  and  a  full  complement  of  sa- 
loons and  eating  houses,  where  now  the  princi- 
pal thing  to  attract  the  eye  is  ruin.  Deprecia- 
tion in  silver  marked  the  immediate  downfall 
of  the  town.    The  ores  were  silver.    The  miners 


were  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  silver  min- 
ing was  impossible;  the  one  large  company 
operating  there  quit ;  the  miners  left  and  rapidly 
the  lights  were  extinguished  in  the  place. 

"From  1893,  when  the  sound  of  hammers 
and  drills  ceased,  until  a  couple  of  years  ago, 
scarcely  anything  was  done  to  break  the  silence 
that  had  followed  the  feverish  excitement  of  a 
few  years  previous.  The  worst  to  be  feared 
was  that  some  one  would  invade  the  town  and 
take  away  a  building  or  some  personal  belong- 
ing— some  by  purchase  and  some  with  a  lean- 
ing toward  kleptomania.  There  was  one  prop- 
erty mining  in  the  prosperous  days — the  First 
Thought.  From  Loop  Loop  a  gra\-it}-  tram 
had  been  constructed  to  a  reduction  plant  at 
Ruby,  for  conveyance  of  ores.  Even  this  plant 
did  not  escape  attack,  and  the  wire  cable  was 
cut  up  and  taken  away  while  the  tram  equip- 
ment at  the  ore  bins  had  been  torn  to  pieces 
for  the  bolts  that  it  contained.  Up  to  the  elec- 
tion of  1896  a  voting  precinct  had  been  located 
at  Loop  Loop,  but  at  a  meeting  of  the  commis- 
sioners, August  4,  1896,  the  precinct,  once  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  in  the  county,  was  aban- 
doned because  of  insufficient  population  and  the 
territory  annexed  to  Ruby  precinct.  For  the 
past  two  years,  however,  a  new  interest  has 
been  taken  in  mining  matters  in  the  Loop  Loop 
vicinity,  and  there  is  a  possibility  that  some  day 
it  will  become,  instead  of  the  golconda  of 
dreamland,  the  center  of  a  healthy  and  legiti- 
mate mining  industry." 

Thus  writes  the  editor  of  the  Okanoga>i 
Record,  of  date  August  14,  1903. 


The  records  of  Okanogan  county  show  no 
original  platting  of  the  town  of  Ruby.  They 
do  show,  however,  that  on  January  6,  1891, 
]\Iineral  Survey  No.  67  was  added  to  the  town 
of  Ruby  by  the  Ruby  Land  Comiaan}-,  through 
its  president,  W.  J.  Dorwin. 

There  are  quite  a  number  of  deserted  towns 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  Okanogan  county,  the  principal  cause  of 
which  was  the  sudden  depreciation  in  the  price 
of  silver.  Among  these  is  Ruby.  Their  his- 
tories live  only  in  the  memories  of  old  timers. 
Other  towns  now  classed  as  "deserted"  met 
their  doom  shortly  after  their  founding,  because 
the  mines  which  were  the  cause  of  their  up- 
building did  not  prove  to  be  so  rich  in  precious 
metals  as  had  been  expected.  Today  only  a 
handful  of  ruins  marks  the  spot  where  once 
flourished  the  most  important  town  in  Okano- 
gan county.  Ruby,  or  as  it  was  called  previous 
to  incorporation.  Ruby  City,  came  into  exist- 
ence in  the  late  8o's.  Rich  discoveries  of  silver 
ore  were  made  in  the  Okanogan  country ;  pros- 
pectors and  miners  flocked  thither  in  large  num- 
bers. Seven  miles  southeast  of  Conconully  was 
started  the  town  of  Ruby:  within  a  brief 
period  it  had  become  one  of  the  liveliest  and 
best  known  mining  camps  in  the  northwest. 
For  a  quarter  of  a  mile  on  each  side  of  a  single 
graded  street  it  was  built  up  solidly.  Nearly 
every  branch  of  trade  was  engaged  in  by  an 
exceedingly  busy  population.  With  the  forma- 
tion of  Okanogan  county,  in  March,  1888, 
Ruby  became  the  temporary  county  seat.  This 
honor  it  continued  to  hold  until  February  9, 
1899.  when  the  voters  decided  to  make  Con- 
conully the  capital  of  the  county,  at  the  Novem- 
ber election  of  that  year. 

A  large  force  of  men  was  employed  at  Ruby 
during  the  "good  old  times."  The  mines  were 
located  on  the  high  ridge  that  rises  abruptly 
from  the  town  on  the  south.  Those  who  were 
not  miners  found  employment  in  \arious  pur- 
suits, and  Ruby  gained  a  population  of  several 
hundred  people.  A  finely  equipped  and  e.x- 
pensive  concentrator  was  built  one-half  mile 
east  of  the  town,  and  a  wire  tram  constructed 
from  the  mill  to  the  mines,  quite  a  distance 
away.  The  citizens  of  Ruby  decided  to  incor- 
porate in  1890.  August  4  a  petition  was  pre- 
sented to  the  commissioners  asking  for  the 
privilege  to  vote  on  the  question.  It  was  pro- 
posed to  include  about   C>ii    acres   within   the 


incorporate  limits.  The  commissioners  granted 
the  petition  and  called  a  special  election  for 
August  19,  but  later  this  date  was  changed  to 
Saturday,  August  23.  W.  W.  Weeks  was 
named  inspector  of  the  election  and  T.  D. 
Fuller  and  E.  C.  Lathrop,  judges.  The  propo- 
sition for  incorporation  was  carried,  and  Ruby 
became  a  town  of  the  4th  class,  the  only  town 
in  Okanogan  county  that  has  attained  to  the 
dignity  of  incorporation.  Ofiicers  elected  to 
serve  the  first  year  were  George  J.  Hurley, 
mayor;  W.  J.  Dorwin,  J.  W.  Jewett,  C.  H. 
Lovejoy,  and  C.  F.  Webb,  councilnien ;  S. 
Lichtenstadter,  treasurer. 

The  price  of  silver  fell  in  the  fall  of  1892. 
To  continue  working  the  mines  would  be  un- 
profitable; they  were  closed  down.  People 
moved  away,  leaving  vacant  houses  un- 
protected; the  once  flourishing  town  was  de- 
populated. For  some  time  the  scores  of  dwell- 
ings and  business  houses  remained  solitary  and 
empty,  sad  reminders  of  a  town  that  had  seen 
better  days.  Then  came  vandals  who  stripped 
the  houses  of  all  that  could  be  carried  away. 
Buildings,  fences  and  sidewalks  fell  into  decay 
and  the  city  presented  a  decidelly  delapidated 
appearance.  About  four  years  ago  fire  de- 
stroyed three-fourths  of  what  remained  of 
Ruby.  A  few  buildings,  riddled  and  tottering, 
still  stand — monuments  to  mark  the  spot  where 
stood  the  town. 

Adjacent  to  the  old  town  are  a  number  of 
claims,  such  as  the  First  Thought.  Fourth  of 
July  and  the  Ruby,  and  it  is  not  without  the 
range  of  possibilities  that  some  day  a  new.  will 
make  its  appearance  on  the  site  of  the  old. 
Ruby. 

NIGHTHAWK. 

This  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  and  small 
town  located  <in  the  Similkameen  river,  about 
one  and  nne-half  miles  from  the  International 
Boundary  line,  twelve  anil  one-half  miles  due 
north   of  Loomis,   and   immediately  adjoining 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


557 


the  Nighthawk  mine,  to  whicli  the  town  owes 
its  existence. 

When  development  was  l>egun  on  the 
Nighthawk  mine  in  1899,  the  town  came  into 
being  and  a  general  store  was  opened  by  the 
Nighthawk  Mercantile  Company,  whose  mem- 
bers were  William  T.  and  Charles  T.  Peterson. 
A  postoffice  was  established  the  same  year  and 
Charles  T.  Peterson  became  postmaster.  In  the 
spring  of  1903  the  firm  sold  their  interests  to 
the  Charles  A.  Andrus  Company,  who  now 
conduct  the  store.  Other  business  enterprises 
now  on  foot  in  Nighthawk  are  a  saloon,  con- 
ducted by  M.  W.  Barry,  an  assay  office  by  the 
Nighthawk  Mining  Company,  under  the  su- 
pervision of  the  manager,  Myron  J.  Church, 
and  a  boarding  house.  A  telephone  system  is 
in  operation  connecting  the  office  of  the  Night- 
hawk  Mining  Company,  the  store,  the  Six 
Eagles  mine,  the  Golden  Zone  mill,  the  Ruby 
mine,  with  the  other  portions  of  the  state,  via 
Oroville. 

At  present  Nighthawk  has  a  population  of 
about  fifty  people  and  is  already  a  lively  and 
flourishing  town.  The  townsite,  consisting  of 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  beautiful  land 
adjoining  the  mine,  has  been  platted  by  the 
Nighthawk  Realty  Company,  of  which  Myron 
J.  Church  is  president,  William  T.  Peterson, 
vice-president,  and  Charles  T.  Peterson,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  It  is  an  ideal  spot  for  a 
town,  on  the  bank  of  a  river  that  is  shaded  by 
a  luxuriant  growth  of  pines,  birch  and  other 
trees,  in  a  delightful  climate,  at  an  elevation  of 
1. 1 84  feet  and  surrounded  by  a  country  admir- 
ably adapted  to  mining,  stock  raising,  agricul- 
ture and  fruit  growing.  The  Similkameen 
river,  which  is  from  280  to  300  feet  wide  at 
this  point,  is  fed  by  mountain  streams  and  the 
water  is  clear,  pure  and  cold  as  ice.  The  town 
itself  is  supplied  with  water  from  flowing 
springs  just  above  the  camp.  The  Vancouver, 
Victoria  &  Eastern  Railroad,  now  in  progress 
of  construction,  is  surveyed  right  through  the 
town  of  Nighthawk. 


At  the  junction  of  the  Okanogan  and  Co- 
lumbia rivers  is  located  the  thriving  town  of 
Brewster.  The  first  attempt  to  build  a  town 
in  this  vicinity  was  made  in  1892.  It  was 
named  Swansea,  and  was  about  two  and  one- 
half  miles  from  the  confluence  of  the  two 
rivers.  This  location  was  eligible  and  the 
town  would  have  been  successful  had  it  not 
been  for  the  fact  that  great  financial  depression 
ensued  during  the  years  1893-4. 

Swansea  was  a  great  attraction — on  paper. 
Charles  Ballard,  a  skillful  draughtsman  and 
engineer  produced  the  plat  of  the  proposed  city, 
which  was  recorded  in  1892.  Practically  noth- 
ing was  done  toward  building  up  the  town  of 
Swansea  with  the  exception  of  the  sale  of  a 
number  of  lots,  regardless  of  the  fact  that  the 
walls  of  nearly  all  the  real  estate  offices  in  the 
country  were  decorated  with  blue  prints  de- 
scriptive of  its  attractions.  Streets,  alleys  and 
parks  were  profusely  laid  out,  wharves  of  great 
capacity  for  rail  and  steamboat  traffic  covered 
the  water  front;  the  great  Columbia  was  dot- 
ted with  steamboats  hastening  to  unload  freight 
and  passengers  at  the  docks.  To  the  brain  that 
conceived  and  the  hand  that  executed  this  work 
too  much  praise  cannot  be  accorded.  Of 
course,  all  this  was  conducive  to  the  sale  of 
quite  a  large  amount  of  real  estate.  But  ow- 
ing to  disagreement  between  two  partners  in- 
terested in  the  project  the  enterprise  of  build- 
ing up  the  town  of  Swansea  was  abandoned. 

Yet  while  this  might  be  termed  a  pro- 
nounced failure  the  head  of  navigation  of  the 
Columbia  river  was  not  long  to  remain  without 
a  townsite.  Prior  to  1893  the  line  of  steam- 
boats that  navigated  the  northern  part  of  the 
Columbia  had  their  landing  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  river,  in  Douglas  county,  the  place  being 
known  as  Port  Columbia.  The  company  oper- 
ating the  steamboats  owned,  also,  the  ferries 
crossing  both  the  Columbia  and  Okanogan 
rivers,  and  the  object  of  having  the  landing  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


tlie  south  side  of  the  river  was  to  collect  toll 
from  both  ferries  from  parties  destined  to  the 
northern  country. 

July  lo,  1893,  the  town  of  Virginia  City, 
located  about  one-half  mile  south  of  the  present 
town  of  Brewster,  and  which  today  consists  of 
a  single  house  and  a  barn,  was  platted,  the  pro- 
pectors  of  this  enterprise  being  "Virginia  Bill" 
Co\-ington  and  Francis  Green.  "Virginia 
BIT"  was  a  Virginian,  and  quite  a  prominent 
character  in  that  country.  He  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  the  Okanogan  district,  having  gone 
there  in  the  early  6o's.  Virginia  City  at  once 
became  the  port  for  the  steamers  of  the  upper 
Columbia  and  a  small  settlement  came  into  ex- 
istence which  continued  to  flourish  until  1896. 
At  that  period  a  change  was  made  in  the  pro- 
prietorship of  the  steamboat  line,  and  the  in- 
coming management  decided  to  build  a  new 
town  and  change  the  place  of  landing.  Nego- 
tiations were  entered  into  with  John  Bruster, 
who  owned  a  homestead  about  half  a  mile 
above  Virginia  City,  with  the  result  that  one- 
half  of  the  land  was  deeded  to  the  steamboat 
company  and  the  town  of  Bnistcr  (later  spelled 
Brewster)  came  into  existence.  The  original 
townsite  was  platted  by  John  Bruster,  April 
10.  1896.  April  22,  1901,  the  first  addition  to 
the  town  was  platted  and  lots  thrown  on  the 
market  by  Mr.  Bruster.  To  Virginia  City  the 
platting  of  Bruster  was  the  death  knell.  Its  dis- 
appearance from  the  map  was  a  matter  of  but 
a  short  time.  Nearly  all  of  the  buildings  there 
werf  removed  bodily  to  the  new  town. 

March  25,  1898,  the  postoffice  of  Brewster 
was  established.  Although  the  name  of  the 
townsite  was  Bruster  the  postal  authorities  in- 
sisted on  naming  the  ofifice  Brewster,  and  this 
fact  necessitated  the  changing  of  the  original 
name  of  the  town.  At  this  period  there  were 
three  postoffices  within  one  mile  of  each  other 
in  this  locality,  Brewster,  Virginia  City  and 
Toqua,  the  latter  just  across  the  river  in  Doug- 
las county.     Mr.   D.   L.   Gillespie  was   made 


postmaster  of  Brewster,  which  position  he  still 
retains. 

Saturday,  August  8,  1903.  the  principal 
business  section  of  Brewster  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  It  is  stated  that  this  causualty  originated 
from  a  lighted  cigarette,  breaking  out  in  Mc- 
Kinley's  drug  store.  Despite  the  heroic  efforts 
of  the  citizens  and  the  use  of  innumerable  so- 
called  fire  extinguishers  the  flames  gained 
rapidly,  and  in  a  short  time  three-fourths  of  the 
town  was  wrapped  in  flames.  Following  is  a 
list  of  the  prominent  losers,  with  insurance : 

Tony  Anderson,  of  the  firm  of  Anderson 
&  Company,  loss,  $10,000  with  $5,000  insur- 
ance ;  Mrs.  Crout,  general  merchandise.  $4,000 
with  $800  insurance ;  Dr.  McKinley,  drug  store 
$3,000,  no  insurance;  Tumwater  saloon,  $2,- 
500,  no  insurance;  Wilson's  harness  shop, 
$1,500,  insurance  $500.  Aside  from  these  the 
following  were  losers  with  no  insurance  :  Lee's 
boiler  shop ;  Watson's  blacksmith  shop ;  Wat- 
son's dwelling;  Red  Men's  Hall;  Brewster  sa- 
loon; Ford's  barber  shop;  Nolan's  warehouse; 
Mrs.  Grout's  lunch  counter;  blacksmith  shop; 
three  ice  houses  and  several  other  small  build- 
ings. The  aggregate  loss  was  about  $40,000 
with  insurance  of  $6,300.  Not  over  one  hun- 
dred dollars'  worth  of  goods  or  furniture  was 
saved  from  the  various  buildings  in  the  burned 
district.  The  telephone  office  was  attacked  and 
connections  cut  off  for  a  few  hours,  but  this 
damage  was  soon  repaired  by  linemen.  Dur- 
ing the  battle  with  the  flames  several  persons 
were  seriously  injured  but  no  lives  were  lost. 
Among  those  injured  were  Milard  Stevens, 
badly  burned  about  the  shoulders  and  hands; 
A.  G.  Gallespie.  both  hands  burned ;  David 
Gallispie,  severe  cut  in  neck  by  glass ;  Dr.  Mc- 
Kinley, scalp  wound  from  falling  glass.  The 
only  business  houses  remaining  standing  were 
the  hotel,  Gallispie's  store  and  Bassett's  barn. 
So  rapidly  did  the  fire  gain  heacFSvay,  owing  to 
the  dry  materials  composing  the  houses,  that 
many  people  escaped  with  only  a  portion  of  their 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


559 


clothing.  From  the  surrounding  country  men 
came  quickly  to  the  aid  of  the  fire-lighters,  but 
they  were  unable  to  render  much  assistance. 
Twenty-two  buildings  were  destroyed,  the 
greater  portion  of  which  have  been  replaced. 

Brewster  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Columbia  river,  in  the  southern  portion  of 
Okajiogan  county,  and  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
navigation.  It  is  the  river  port  for  all  of  the 
freight  intended  for  the  upper  Okanogan  coun- 
try and  the  Methow  valley,  which  freight  is 
taken  thence  in  large  four,  six  and  eight-horse 
teams.  Practically  it  is  the  freighting  center 
of  a  fine  agricultural  district  and  mining  belt. 

Brewster  is  provided  with  an  excellent 
school,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Ross  is  pastor  of  a 
church  established  in  1900.  Its  fraternal  so- 
cieties comprise  the  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men  and  Woodmen  of  the  World. 


Within  the  confines  of  the  rich  Methow 
valley,  which  extends  along  the  southwestern 
part  of  Okanogan  county,  are  a  number  of 
small  towns,  and  chief  among  these  is  Twisp. 
While  it  is  one  of  the  newest  of  these  minature 
municipalities  Twisp  has  outstripped  all  of  its 
rivals  so  far  as  regards  size  and  importance, 
and  now  has  a  population  of  alxiut  125  people. 
Handsomely  located,  about  1,600  feet  above 
sea  level,  it  is  an  ideal  spot  in  which  to  live,  the 
climate  being  invigorating  and  healthful.  It 
is  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  as  one  of  the  im- 
portant towns  of  Okanogan  county. 

The  Methow  Valley  was  the  scene  of  a 
great  mining  excitement  in  1893-4,  but  the  up- 
per country  was  not  settled  to  any  considerable 
extent  until  1897.  H.  C.  Glover  homesteaded 
the  land  where  Twisp  now  stands  and  July 
30,  1897,  he  laid  out  and  platted  a  townsite 
which  he  called  Gloversville.  That  same  year 
O.  W.  Benson  established  a  small  store  in  the 
new  town.  A  postoffice  was  installed  shortly 
afterward  and  James  Colwell  became  the  first 


postmaster.  June  29,  1899,  Amanda  P.  Bur- 
gar  platted  the  townsite  of  Twisp  and  there- 
after the  town  was  recognized  by  that  name. 
In  1 90 1  Burgar's  First  Addition  to  Twisp  was 
platted,  but  the  town  did  not  increase  to  any 
appreciable  extent  for  some  years  after  its 
birth.  But  during  the  past  few  years  the 
growth  has  been  remarkable,  and  it  is  now 
ranked  as  one  of  the  leading  towns  of  the 
county. 

The  only  experience  Twisp  has  had  with 
fire  was  in  1901,  when  the  hotel  was  destroyed, 
entailing  a  loss  of  $1,500  with  no  insurance. 
During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1903  Twisp 
made  rapid  advances  in  the  opening  of  new- 
business  enterprises  and  the  erection  of  build- 
ings, as  a  result  of  the  increasing  development 
in  the  Methow  Valley.  In  the  space  of  one 
year  the  town  doubled  in  size.  Twisp  derives 
its  trade  principally  from  adjoining  agricult- 
ural districts,  but  there  are  a  number  of  min- 
ing properties  in  the  vicinity  which  greatly 
benefit  the  town.  Among  these  are  the  Spo- 
kane, Alder  Group  and  the  Humbolt.  Twisp 
is  connected  with  the  Pacific  States  long  dis- 
tance telephone  and  also  with  a  barb-wire  tele- 
phone to  the  country  districts.  There  is  a  daily 
stage  between  Twisp  and  Brewster.  There  is 
a  good  school  house  in  which  75  scholars  are 
enrolled.  A  Methodist  church  is  also  located 
here.  Fraternal  orders  are  represented  by  the 
Foresters  of  America  and  the  Woodmen  of  the 
World.  Following  are  the  business  enterprises 
in  the  town: 

Methow  Trading  Company,  Burke  Broth- 
ers, William  Magee  and  James  Colwell,  general 
stores;  Dr.  J.  B.  Couch,  drug  store;  George  M. 
Witte  and  Ferguson  Brothers,  butcher  shops; 
J.  A.  Risley  and  O.  M.  Yaw,  livery  barns ;  a 
hotel,  lx)arding  house,  two  restaurants,  a  black- 
smith shop.  Commercial  Bank,  E.  F.  Magee, 
cashier,  a  real  estate  office,  newspaper,  the 
Methoii'  Valley  Nczcs.  by  H.  E.  Marble,  a 
barber  shop  and  two  saloons.  A  state  fish 
hatchery   is   located   here  and   recently   a   fine 


560 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


opera  house  has  been  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
several  thousand  dollars. 

METHOW. 

Methow  postoffice  was  established  in  1894 
and  was  named  after  Methow  river.  E.  J. 
Davis  was  the  first  postmaster.  July  27,  1894, 
the  town  had  three  stores  and  a  restaurant. 
Mr.  Thomas  Madden,  a  sawmill  man  from 
Loop  Loop,  placed  a  boiler  and  mill  machinery 
between  Squaw  Creek  and  the  mouth  of  the 
Methow,  and  supplied  lumber  for  building  pur- 
poses to  the  residents  of  Alethow.  J.  Esmond 
was  the  pioneer  merchant  of  the  place.  Me- 
thow is  an  Indian  word  signifying  "sunflower 
seeds."  Originally  the  name  of  the  town  was 
Squaw  Creek.  In  June,  1894,  a  miners'  meet- 
ing was  held  in  a  store  and  a  townsite  laid  out 
which  was  afterward  surveyed  and  platted. 
At  this  meeting  the  name  Methow  was  selected 
for  the  new  burgh.  It  was  voted  that  the  road 
from  the  mouth  of  Squaw  Creek  to  the  mines 
be  finished  at  once  and  each  man  present  signed 
a  paper  pledging  three  day's  work  or  more. 
The  same  year  Clarence  Howland  established 
a  weekly  stage  line  from  Chelan  to  Methow. 
Of  the  new  town  Thomas  Madden  said,  in 
August,  1894: 

"There  are  between  250  and  300  men  in 
camp  and  every  one  of  them  is  at  work  doing 
something.  It  reminds  me  of  Leadville  when 
I  saw  it  first,  and  I  am  inclined  to  think  we 
have  a  camp  over  there  that  will  astonish  the 
natives  when  we  get  it  opened  up.  The  miners 
are  industriously  prospecting  and  developing 
their  claims,  and  there  is,  also,  quite  a  building 
boom  in  the  town  recently  laid  out  there  by  the 
miners.  There  are  four  general  stores  doing 
a  rushing  business  and  A.  F.  Nichols  of  Che- 
lan, has  about  completed  arra«gements  for  en- 
tering this  business.  There  are  two  hotels,  a 
restaurant,  saloon,  livery  stable,  meat  market, 
and  blacksmith  shop,  and  parties  are  on  the 
ground  ready  .to  enter  these  and  other  lines  of 


business  so  soon  as  they  can  get  material  to 
build  with.  We  have  our  mill  in  working  order 
now  and  are  turning  out  lumber  to  the  tune  of 
about  ten  thousand  feet  a  day." 

Following  the  "boom"  days  of  1894  ]\Iet- 
how  suffered  a  relapse.  Yet  it  was  but  one  of 
a  long  chain  of  once  flourishing  towns  which 
suffered  during  the  ye^rs  of  depression  begin- 
ning in  1893.  In  Methow  there  are  now  one 
general  store,  W.  A.  Bolinger  proprietor,  a 
good  school  and  hall  and  a  lodge  of  the  Wood- 
men of  the  World.  The  town  has  a  population 
of  about  thirty  souls. 

OTHER   TOWNS. 

J  Bodie  is  the  name  of  a  little  mining  camp 
on  the  Republic-Chesaw  stage  road,  twenty- 
five  miles  northwest  of  the  former  place.  B?- 
die  came  into  existence  shortly  after  the  open- 
ing of  the  "North  Half"  of  the  Colville  In- 
dian reservation  to  mineral  entry,  and  was  the 
result  of  the  discovery  and  subsequent  working 
of  the  Bodie  mine.  The  original  town  of  Bodie 
was  located  about  one  mile  south  of  the  mine, 
but  in  1903  a  new  town  was  started  up  at  the 
mine  and  it  promises  in  time  to  do  awa}-  with 
the  old  town  which,  however,  still  has  a  number 
of  business  houses.  A  new  $20,000  mill  for  the 
treatment  of  the  ores  of  the  Bodie  mine  has 
been  erected  there. 

Newman  is  a  postofifice  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Okanogan  river,  a  few  miles  above  To- 
nasket  postoffice. 

Nespelem  is  a  postofifice  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  county  on  the  "South  Half"  of  the 
reservation.  It  is  forty-five  miles  northwest 
of  Wilbur  and  sixty-five  miles  southeast  of 
Conconully. 

Alma  is  in  the  midst  of  a  50,000  acre  tract 
of  magnificent  horticultural  and  agricultural 
land,  the  largest  area  of  this  description  in  the 
county.  \^arious  ores  have  already  been  un- 
covered in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Alma,  and 
the  town  is  surrounded  by  a  large  area  of  pine 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


561 


timber.  The  topography  of  the  country  is  such 
that  a  distance  of  a  mile  only  may  make  a  dif- 
ference of  several  degrees  in  the  temperature. 
The  men  who  have  been  foremost  in  the  rapid 
development  of  Alma  and  vicinity  are  J.  W. 
O'Keefe,  W.  S.  Bennett,  W.  R.  Kahlow,  Jud- 
son  Murray,  Daniel  Davidson,  G.  K.  Chit- 
wood,  and  Eugene  Wehe.  Quite  a  remarkable 
character  in  Alma  is  W.  R.  Kahlow,  a  former 
friend  and  associate  of  President  James  J.  Hill, 
of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  Company,  and 
Alexander  Griggs,  during  their  days  on  the 
Mississippi  river.  Mr.  Griggs  became  the  orig- 
inal navigator  on  the  upper  Columbia  river, 
and  before  his  death  in  the  winter  of  1902-3, 
owned  seven  boats.  A  prominent  part  was 
assumed  by  Mr.  Kahlow  in  the  construction  of 
several  transcontinental  railroads.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1892,  the  large  general  merchandise  store 
of  F.  J.  Cummins,  of  Alma,  was  destroyed  by 
fire.  It  was  while  Mr.  Cummins  was  at  break- 
fast that  the  flames  broke  out,  and  before  he 
could  reach  the  store  they  had  gained  such 
headway  that  it  was  impossible  to  save  any- 
thing.    The  loss  exceeded  $5,000. 

Winthrop  is  a  little  town  at  the  upper  end 
of  the  Methow  valley  nine  miles  northwest  of 
Twisp.  It  is  located  at  the  junction  of  the 
north  and  south  forks  of  the  Methow  river, 
and  here  the  valley  widens  out  to  its  broadest. 
Its  elevation  is  about  2,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  The  townsite  was  patented  Janu- 
ary 4,  1 90 1,  by  the  Methow  Trading  Company, 
of  which  Guy  Waring  is  president.  At  Win- 
throp this  company  has  the  finest  store  in  the 
Methow  Valley.  Other  business  enterprises 
in  the  town  are  a  hotel,  feed  stable,  blacksmith 
shop  and  two  saloons.  Within  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  of  Winthrop  a  townsite  called  Heckendorn 
has  recently  been  platted  by  D.  E.  Hecken- 
dorn. 

Winthrop  was  settled  September  26.  1891, 
by  Guy  Waring,  who  opened  a  store  there,  at 
that  period  the  only  store  in  the  Methow  Val- 
ley.    The  town  was  named  by  the  then  terri- 

36 


torial  delegate  to  Congress,  John  L.  Wilson, 
who  can  not  now  remember  how  he  happened 
to  select  this  name.  The  postoffice  to  which 
this  name  was  given  was  one  and  one-half 
miles  below  Winthrop,  which  office  was  mo\ed 
to  the  store  of  Guy  Waring,  who  was  made 
postmaster.  March  i,  1893,  all  the  buildings 
in  Winthrop  except  a  shed  or  a  "root  cellar" 
were  destroyed  by  fire,  a  total  loss  with  no 
insurance.  Guy  Waring  was  then  obliged  to 
go  away  and  work  for  three  years,  and  the 
business  was  rebuilt  by  E.  F.  Johnson,  now 
secretary  of  the  Methow  Trading  Company, 
the  successor  of  the  original  business  enterprise 
at  Winthrop.  In  1894  the  great  flood  carried 
away  the  bridge  over  the  north  fork  at  Win- 
throp. In  1895  this  bridge  was  replaced  by 
Colonel  Hart  on  his  march  to  Slate  Creek.  The 
industry  of  Winthrop  consists  of  a  well- 
equipped  saw  mill  and  several  important  dairy- 
ing interests  near  by,  raising  cattle  and  supply- 
ing the  mines  with  goods. 

In  making  the  trip  from  Republic  to  Che- 
saw  one  passes  through  a  deserted  town  of  log 
buildings.  There  is  one  street  on  both  sides 
of  which  are  substantial  log  structures,  but  not 
not  a  living  soul  is  to  be  seen  in  the  town.  This 
is  a  few  miles  south  of  Bodie  and  it  is  the  re- 
mains of  what  was  once  the  flourishing  little 
mining  camp  of  Toroda.  To  this  point,  short- 
ly after  the  opening  of  the  reservation  there 
was  a  stampede  to  what  was  supposed  to  be 
an  exceedingly  rich  mining  district.  •  People 
flocked  in  and  all  kinds  of  business  enter- 
prises flourished.  The  mines  did  not  prove  to 
be  so  rich  as  anticipated  and  the  town  of  Toroda 
was  deserted. 

Tonasket  is  a  postoffice  on  the  Okanogan 
river  and  Tonasket  creek,  about  midway  be- 
tween Oroville  and  Riverside.  There  are  a 
number  of  business  enterprises  here  all  under 
the  control  of  W.  W.  Parry. 

Wauconda  is  a  postoffice  on  the  "North 
Half"  of  the  reservation,  near  the  Ferry  county 
line  and  the  Wauconda  mine.     Shortlv  after 


5^2 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


tlie  opening  of  the  reservation  to  mineral  entry 
a  rich  strike  was  made  here  with  the  result  of  a 
flourishing  camp.  But  the  excitement  dimin- 
ished and  so  did  Wauconda  in  equal  proportion. 
The  present  postoffice  is  located  about  four 
miles  from  the  mine,  where  was  formerly  situ- 
ated the  mining  camp.  It  is  on  the  Republic- 
Chesaw  stage  road,  and  it  is  also  connected  by 
stage  with  Loomis. 

Thirty  miles  northwest  of  Twisp  is  the  new 
town  of  Robinson,  situated  on  Robinson  creek. 
This  is  the  point  of  departure  for  the  famous 
Slate  Creek  mines,  just  over  the  divide  in 
^\'hatcom  county,  and  here  quite  a  lively  town 
has  sprung  into  existence.  The  Methow  Trad- 
ing Company  has  established  a  store  here,  and 
also  has  the  postoffice.  A  hotel  and  saloon  are 
conducted  by  Richardson  &  Kearns.  Robinson 
is  connected  by  stage  with  the  outside  world, 
the  trip  being  made  twice  a  week  in  summer 
and  weekly  during  the  winter  months. 

Malott  is  a  postoffice  on  the  Okanogan 
river,  twenty-three  miles  southeast  of  Conco- 
nully.  It  is  on  the  Brewster  and  Conconully 
stage  road,  and  is  the  transfer  office  for  mail 
for  many  of  the  postoffices  in  the  vicinity.  It 
has  a  daily  stage  with  Brewster,  Conconully  and 
Riverside. 

Fifteen  miles  due  north  of  Brewster  and  a 
short  distance  west  of  the  Okanogan  river,  is 
Olema  postoffice,  named  after  a  town  in  Cali- 
fornia. Sixteen  years  ago  S.  H.  Mason,  who 
still  resides  at  Olema,  and  is  the  postmaster, 
squatted  on  land  here,  and  later  when  surveys 
-were  completed  homesteaded  the  property. 
Other  settlers  came  in  later  and  in  1896  the 
postoffice  was  established,  Charles  C.  McFar- 
lane  being  made  postmaster.  After  he  had 
served  three  years  Mr.  Mason  was  appointed 
and  has  since  held  the  position.  Surrounding 
Olema  is  a  fine  grazing  country  and  also  a 
great  quantity  of  excellent  timber  land.  There 
are  at  present  eleven  families  in  this  vicinity, 
which  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  the 
country.     The  experience  of  each  one  of  these 


settlers  is  that  he  came  there  poor  and  is  now 
in  comfortable  circumstances. 

Ophir  is  a  postoffice  on  the  Okanogan  river, 
eleven  miles  above  Brewster.  It  has  a  daily 
mail,  being  on  the  Brewster  and  Conconully 
stage  route. 

Synarep  is  a  postoffice  on  Tunk  creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Okanogan  river,  which  flows 
into  it  about  four  miles  north  of  Riverside. 
The  valley  through  which  this  stream  courses  is 
about  twelve  miles  long  and  from  two  to  eight 
miles  wide.  This  valley  was  first  settled  in 
1900,  and  there  are  now  125  settlers.  The  soil 
is  very  productive  and  the  mountain  slopes  fur- 
nish an  excellent  range  for  cattle.  Synarep  is 
about  3,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  town  has  the  advantages  of  a  general  mer- 
chandise store. 

A  few  miles  northwest  of  Winthrop.  in  the 
Methow  Valley,  is  the  Mazama  postoffice,  sit- 
uated at  the  junction  of  Goat  Creek  and  the 
Methow  river.  Formerly  the  place  was  known 
as  Goat  Creek,  but  a  compound  word  being 
objected  to  by  the  Washington  postal  authori- 
ties, when  the  postoffice  was  established,  in 
1900.  the  place  was  named  Mazama — the 
Greek  word  for  "goat."  Mrs.  Minnie  Tingley 
was  the  first  postmistress.  Mazama  is  a  gold 
mining  camp,  the  principal  mines  being  the  T. 
&  B..  Oriental  and  Crown  Point.  In  1902  a 
mill  was  built  here  to  treat  the  ores  and  recently 
many  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  development 
work  has  been  done.  There  are  now  about 
thirty  permanent  settlers  in  the  camp. 

Wehesville  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  on 
the  Oroville  and  Loomis  stage  line,  nine  miles 
northeast  of  the  latter  place.  The  postoffice 
is  at  the  south  end  of  \\'annicut  Lake.  It  was 
established  in  1900  and  Major  F.  P.  Wehe  was 
made  postmaster. 

Golden  is  the  suggestive  name  of  a  former 

Okanogan   town   which    was    in    its    glory   in 

1892-4.      Here  were   two   mines,    the   Triune 

and  Spokane,  which  were  believed  to  be  rich  in 

i  gold  and   silver.      Golden   in    1892   boasted  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


563 


postoffice,  store,  restaurant,  saloon  and  other 
business  enterprises.  But  it  was  the  old,  old 
story.  Capital  was  lavishly  expended  in  the 
construction  of  two  mills  to  treat  the  ores  of  the 
Triune  and  Spokane,  and  people  flocked  in  and 
built  a  small  town.  It  was  discovered  that  the 
mills  could  not  properly  treat  the  ores  and  they 
were  closed  down.  The  people  moved  away 
and  Golden  became  a  memory. 

Kipling  is  a  town  of  about  twenty-five  in- 
habitants, situated  in  northeastern  Okanogan 
county,  a  few  miles  southwest  of  Chesaw.  Oc- 
tober 10,  1900,  the  townsite  was  surveyed  and 
on  the  same  day  the  Kipling  Mercantile  Com- 
pany was  established.  October  11,  1901,  Kip- 
ling was  granted  a  postofifice  and  Georgonna 
Warren  was  appointed  postmaster.  The  town 
is  surrounded  by  an  exceedingly  fertile  agri- 
cultural country. 

Knowlton  is  a  postoffice  a  short  distance  be- 
low Brewster,  on  the  Columbia  river.  The 
postoffice  was  established  July  21,  1902,  on  the 
ranch  of  Arthur  R.  Knowlton,  and  that  gentle- 
man was  made  postmaster.  A  school  house  is 
located  at  this  point. 

Omak  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  located  on 
Omak  lake,  on  the  Colville  Indian  reservation. 
The  office  was  established  in  January,  1903. 
Here  is  located  St.  Mary's  Mission,  mention  of 
which  has  been  made  in  a  previous  chapter.  On 
"Meeting  Days"  Omak  is  visited  by  whites  and 
Indians  for  miles  around,  who  gather  for  wor- 
ship. Father  E.  de  Rouge,  who  has  charge  of 
the  mission  states  that  on  these  meeting  days 
three  to  four  hundred  Indians  and  about  fifty 
white  people  gather  here. 

Silver  is  a  little  hamlet  situated  on  the 
Brewster-Twisp  road,  twenty-five  miles  above 
the  former  town  and  five  miles  below  the  latter. 
It  is  on  the  Methow  river,  about  three-quarters 
of  a  mile  from  where  Beaver  creek  joins  the 
river.  Silver  is  one  of  the  earliest  settled  com- 
munities in  the  county.  The  postoffice  was 
established  in  1890,  and  James  M.  Byrnes  was 
the  first  postmaster.     Previous  to  this  time  the 


people  who  resided  in  the  vicinity  clubbed  to- 
gether and  paid  a  man  to  carry  the  mail  to  and 
from  Ruby,  then  the  nearest  postoffice.  The 
site  upon  which  the  town  was  afterward  located 
was  taken  up  by  "Chichaman"  Stone.  This 
later  passed  into  the  hands  of  James  M.  Byrnes, 
who  imparted  the  first  impetus  to  the  new  town. 
He  owned  the  site  until  1902,  when  it  was  pur- 
chased by  E.  N.  Garrison,  of  Dundee,  Illinois. 
Since  1889  there  has  been  a  store  at  Silver, 
Mr.  Byrnes  opening  one  in  that  year.  In  1890 
he  disposed  of  his  business  interests  to  Robert 
Partell,  who  continued  the  enterprise  until  the 
fall  of  1892,  when  he,  in  turn,  sold  the  store 
to  Robert  Ehman.  The  latter  conducted  the 
business  until  a  short  time  before  his  death, 
which  occurred  August  3,  1897.  The  store 
went  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver  before  Mr. 
Ehman's  death,  and  was  conducted  by  E.  G. 
Payne  until  his  decease  in  September  of  the 
same  year.  F.  F.  Goodson  then  carried  on  the 
enterprise  a  few  months,  when  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  M.  R.  Kinlgside.  June  19,  1899, 
Burke  Brothers  purchased  the  store  and  have 
since  conducted  the  business.  In  1894  the  town 
of  Silver  did  not  escape  the  disasters  from 
floods  which  visited  so  many  towns  along  the 
Columbia  river  and  its  tributaries.  The 
Methow  rose  above  its  banks  and  all  but  wiped 
out  the  flourishing  little  town.  The  store  build- 
ing was  carried  away  by  the  seething  flood,  as 
was  also  a  large  dance  hall  and  saloon,  the 
property  of  R.  Greigor.  The  goods  in  the  store 
and  the  household  furniture  in  the  home  of  Mr. 
Byrnes  were  saved  only  by  the  persistent  efforts 
of  the  people  of  the  community.  Mr.  Ehman, 
who  was  the  proprietor  of  the  store,  erected  a 
new  building  on  the  bench,  about  twenty-five 
feet  higher  than  the  old  location,  and  the  town 
is  now  safe  from  the  fury  of  the  waters.  Silver 
today  is  a  town  of  only  fifteen  or  twenty  in- 
habitants, with  Burke  Brothers'  store  the  only 
business  enterprise.  About  forty  families  live 
in  the  immediate  vicinity.  There  is  a  school  at 
Silver  accommodating  about  twenty  scholars. 


CHAPTER  Vn. 


POLITICAL. 


The  political  history  of  Okanogan  county 
dates  back  to  the  Territorial  days  of  1888.  On 
the  organization  of  the  county  the  first  com- 
missioners appointed  by  the  governor,  as  pro- 
vided in  the  bill  forming  the  county,  were  Guy 
Waring,  William  Granger  and  George  J.  Hur- 
ley. The  other  county  officials  named  by  these 
commissioners  at  their  second  meeting,  March 
7,  1888,  were  C.  B.  Bash,  auditor;  E.  C.  Sher- 
man, treasurer;  Philip  Perkins,  sheriff;  Frank 
M.  Baum,  assessor;  J.  B.  Price,  coroner;  A. 
Malott,  county  school  superintendent  and  C. 
H.  Ballard,  probate  judge.  Guy  Waring  had 
been  chosen  chairman  of  the  board  of  county 
commissioners.  May  30  Mr.  Warring  re- 
signed the  chairmanship  and  that  office  re- 
mained vacant  until  June  19,  when  Hiram 
Beagle,  Sr.,  of  Conconully,  was  selected  by  the 
other  two  commissioners  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
and  George  J.  Hurley  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  board. 

At  the  general  election  of  November  6, 1888, 
the  following  county  officials  were  elected :  J. 
B.  Price,  coroner;  C.  H.  Ballard,  probate 
judge;  Richard  Malone,  assessor;  Robert  Alli- 
son, sheriff;  E.  C.  Sherman,  treasurer;  F.  M. 
Baum,  auditor,  and  William  A.  Dean,  county 
clerk.  During  the  following  year  Sheriff  Alli- 
son resigned  and  M.  A.  Rush  was  appointed 
in  his  place.  July  10,  1890.  The  county  com- 
missioners elected  were  E.  W.  Lee,  Charles 
Johnson  and  P.  C.  McDonald.  They  took  the 
oath  of  office  in  March,  1889.  On  the  removal 
of  Commissioner  Lee  the  office  was  declared 
vacant,  August  4.  1890,  and  D.  J.  McGillivery 
was  appointed  in  his  place  and  made  permanent 
chairman  of  the  board. 

By  virtue  of  Section  2  of  Chapter  4  of  the 


session  laws  of  1889-90,  the  offices  of  auditor 
and  county  clerk  were  combined,  as  were  also 
those  of  sheriff  and  assessor,  in  Okanogan 
county,  and  it  was  provided  in  the  measure  that 
at  the  next  general  election  only  one  person 
should  be  elected  to  fill  these  respective 
offices.  In  the  spring  of  1891  the  board  of 
commissioners  comprised  D.  J.  ]\IcGilli- 
very,  chairman,  J.  B.  Tonkin  and  F.  M. 
Wright. 

In  1889  followed  the  admission  of  Wash- 
ington into  the  union.  The  late  Charles  E. 
Laughton,  who  resided  one  mile  north  of  Con- 
conully, was  elected  the  first  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  the  state.  At  the  first  session  of  the 
W'ashington  state  senate  Okanogan  county  was 
represented  by  F.  H.  Luce,  Republican,  a  resi- 
dent of  Davenport,  the  senatorial  district  at 
that  period  comprising  Lincoln,  Okanogan, 
Adams  and  Franklin  counties.  Mr.  Luce 
served  through  the  session  of  1889-90.  The 
county  of  Okanogan  was  represented  in  the 
first  house  by  Harry  Hamilton. 

At  the  November  election  of  1 890  the  county 
cast  610  votes.  The  result  of  this  election  was 
a  division  of  the  county  officials  between  Re- 
publicans and  Democrats.  The  vote  on  re- 
moval of  the  state  capital  resulted  in  a  plurality 
of  88  votes  for  Ellensburgh.  Bonds  for  county 
purposes  were  defeated  by  a  majofity  of  70; 
bonds  for  road  purposes  were  successful  by  a 
majority  of  21.  On  the  county  ticket  no  nomi- 
nation appeared  for  the  office  of  attorney,  but 
a  scattering  vote  resulted :  M.  C.  Barney,  5 ; 
Judge  Chase,  i ;  James  Robertson,  i  :  W'.  Dor- 
win.  I  ;  O.  C.  Campbell,  2;  William  I'eickert.  2. 
Following  is  the  vote  on  otiier  ctuinty  and  state 
officers : 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


565 


For  Representative  in  Congress. 

John  L.  Wilson,  Republican,  342 ;  Thomas 
Carroll,    Democrat,   220.      ^^'ilson■s   majorit}', 
122. 
For  Representative  State  Legislature. 

Hiram    F.    Smith,    Democrat,    318;    J.  C. 
Lovejoy,  Republican,  274.     Smith's  majority, 
44. 
For  County  Clerk  and  Auditor. 

F.  M.  Baum,  Democrat,  418:  Lee  Coombs, 
Republican,  185.     Baum's  majority,  233. 
For  Sheriff  and  Assessor. 

M.  A.  Rush,  Republican,  364 ;  M.  C.  Duffy, 
Democrat,  236.    Rush's  majority,  128. 
For  Treasurer. 

E.  C.  Sherman.  Democrat,  314;  Thomas 
Ish,  Republican,  272.  Sherman's  majority,  42. 
For  County  Commissioner,  First  District: 

D.  J.  McGillivery,  Democrat,  288;  L.  C. 
Burton,  Republican,  284.  Majority  for  Mc- 
Gillivery, 4.  ■ 
For  County  Commissioner,  Second  District : 

J.  B.  Tonkin,  Republican,  361 ;  D.  J.  Thorn, 
Democrat,  189.    Majority  for  Tonkin,  172. 
For  County  Commissioner,  Third  District.         : 

F.  M.  Wright,  Republican,  338;  Lee  Ful- 
ton, Democrat,  211.  Majority  for  Wright, 
127. 

For  County  School   Superintendent: 

Mrs.    V.    M.    Grainger,    Democrat,    443; 
Henry  Carr,  Democrat,   2 ;   E.   D.   Finch,  Re- 
publican, 2;  F.  Hunt,  Republican,  i.    Plurality 
for  Mrs.  Grainger,  438. 
For  County  Surveyor : 

Layton  S.  Baldwin,  Republican,  433. 
For  County  Coroner: 

\\'illiam  Shufeldt,  304;  C.  F.  Webb,  279. 
Shufeldt's  majority,  25. 

In  the  legislature  of  1891-2  William  Luce 
was  a  '"hold  over"  senator,  representing  at  the 
time  only  Lincoln  and  Okanogan  counties, 
Adams  and  Franklin  having  been  thrown  into 
another  senatorial  district.  Okanogan  county 
was  represented  in  the  house  by  Hiram  (Oka- 
nogan) F.  Smith,  Democrat. 


The  November  election  of  1892  was  largely 
in  favor  of  the  Republican  ticket.  The  vote  for 
governor  showed  that  McGraw  had  carried  the 
county  for  governor  against  Snively  and 
Young;  Luce,  Republican,  for  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor against  Willison  and  Tiviss;  Price  for 
secretary  of  state  against  McReany  and  Wood ; 
Bowen  for  state  treasurer  against  Clothier  and 
Adams;  Grimes  for  state  auditor  against  Bass 
and  Rodolf ;  Jones  for  attorney  general  against 
Starr  and  Teats ;  Bean  for  state  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  against  Morgan  and 
Smith;  Forrest  for  commissioner  of  public 
lands  against  Lewis  and  Calhoun.  John  L. 
Wilson,  Republican,  carried  the  county  for 
member  of  congress.  The  Republican  presi- 
dential electors  chosen  by  a  vote  of  578  to  439 
for  ClcA-eland  and  148  for  Weaver,  were  Mc- 
Millan, Calhoun,  White  and  Navarre.  The 
total  vote  by  precincts  was  as  follows  : 

Salmon  (Conconully)  139;  Ruby,  108; 
Loop  Loop,  80;  Toats  Coulee  (Loomis),  245; 
Okanogan,  135;  Silver  (Upper  Methow),  46; 
Lower  Methow,  27 ;  Winthrop,  43  ;  Chelan,  95 ; 
Lakeside,  54;  Spring  Coulee,  51;  Johnson 
Creek,  47;  Stehekin  (head  of  Lake  Chelan), 
21;  Wenatchee,  16;  Entiat,  20;  Wenatchee 
Lake,  62;  Columbia,  36.    Total  1225. 

The  plurality  in  the  county  for  President 
Harrison  was  139,  and  for  Governor  McGraw, 
154.  The  Republicans  elected  R.  J.  Reeves, 
Republican,  joint  senator,  against  R.  A.  Hutch- 
inson, Democrat;  Wallace  Mount,  Republican, 
superior  judge,  against  N.  T.  Caton,  Demo- 
crat, and  Jackson  Brock,  Populist.  H.  F.  Smith, 
Democrat,  was  elected  against  Charles  E. 
Laughton,  Republican,  and  T.  A.  Wright,  Pop- 
uplist,  for  the  house  of  representatives.  The 
county  ticket  elected  was  as  follows :  Auditor, 
F.  M.  Baum;  attorney,  W.  A.  Bowser;  treas- 
urer, G.  W.  Elliott;  assessor.  H.  C.  Richard- 
son; sheriff,  M.  A.  Rush;  school  superinten- 
dent, J.  F.  Samson;  surveyor.  L.  S.  Baldwin; 
coroner.  N.  Read ;  county  commissioners,  D.  J. 
McGillivery,  J.  I.  Pogue  and  L.  H.  Spader. 


566 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


County  Auditor  F.  M.  Baum,  Democrat,  led 
his  ticket,  receiving  the  largest  \ote  thus  far 
cast  for  an  oflficial  of  Okanogan  county  where 
there  was  opposition. 

In  the  state  senate  of  1893  Lincoln  and 
Okanogan  counties  were  represented  by  R.  A. 
Hutchinson,  Democrat,  of  Mondovi,  Lincoln 
county.  Hiram  (Okanogan)  F.  Smith,  Dem- 
ocrat, represented  the  county  in  the  house.  Dur- 
ing the  World's  Fair,  in  Chicago,  1893,  the 
county  was  ably  represented  on  the  commission 
by  C.  H.  Ballard,  of  Ruby,  who  was  also  a 
member  of  the  executi\-e  committee  of  that 
body. 

The  county  commissioners  who  took  the 
oath  of  office  February  23,  1893,  were  D.  J. 
McGillivery,  chairman,  J.  I.  Pogue  and  L.  H. 
Spader.  November  22,  1894,  County  Auditor 
F.  M.  Baum  resigned,  his  resignation  to  take 
effect  January  7,  1895.    It  was  accepted  and  H. 

C.  Davis  was  appointed  by  the  commissioners 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  office,  from  Janu- 
ary 7  to  January  14,  1895.  On  the  latter  date 
the  Okanogan  county  commissioners  were  L. 

D.  Burton,  chairman,  H.  S.  Mason  and  George 
J.  Hurley. 

The  total  vote  of  Okanogan  county  at  the 
November  election  of  1894  was  1155,  about 
200  less  than  were  cast  in  1892.  But  few  people 
appeared  to  understand  the  constitutional 
amendment  act,  and  consequently  it  received 
but  slight  attention.  Out  of  the  total  vote  of 
1 155  only  163  balloted  on  the  question,  92  for 
the  amendment  and  71  against  it.  Following  is 
the  total  county  vote  by  precincts  : 

Okanogan,  92;  Toats  Coulee,  130;  Salmon, 
100;  Johnson  Creek,  57:  Ruby.  38;  Loop 
Loop,  16;  Spring  Coulee,  65;  Columbia,  23; 
Upper  Methow,  35 ;  Silver,  52 ;  Squaw  Creek, 
82;  Lower  Methow,  50;  Chelan.  81  ;  Lakeside, 
49:  Stehekin.  12:  Entiat,  26;  \\'enatchee,  19: 
Wenatchee  Lake,  228.    Total,  1155. 

With  the  exceptions  of  representative,  sher- 
iff, coroner  and  treasurer  the  entire  Republican 
ticket  in  the  countv  was  elected.    The  vote  gen- 


erally throughout  the  county  indicated  that  but 
little  attention  was  paid  to  party  lines,  and  that 
personal  and  local  interests  were  guiding  spirits 
of  a  majority  of  the  voters.  F"ollowing  is  the 
full  vote  for  each  candidate  on  the  ticket : 
For  Members  of  Congress : 

William  H.  Doolittle,  Republican.  492; 
Samuel  C.  Hyde,  Republican,  497 ;  B.  F.  Heus- 
ton,  Democrat,  262;  N.  T.  Caton,  Democrat, 
252 ;  W.  P.  C.  Adams,  Populist,  243 ;  J.  C.  \'an 
Patten,  Populist,  228.  Hyde  and  Doolittle 
elected. 
For  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court : 

Ralph  O.  Dunbar,  Republican,  486:  M.  J. 
Gordon,  Republican,  443 ;  Thomas  N.  Allen, 
Democrat,  258;  John  L.  Sharpstein,  Democrat, 
255;  J-  M.  Ready,  Populist,  210;  H.  L.  Forrest, 
Populist,  238.  Dunbar  and  Gordon  elected. 
For  Representative: 

George  H.  Woods,  Republican,  389;  Frank 
M.  Baum,  Democrat,  426;  J.  W.  Laden,  Popu- 
list, 261.    Baum  elected. 
For  County  Assessor : 

W.  J.  Dorwin,  Republican,  454;  J.  L.  Ful- 
ton, Democrat,  287;  Mat  Crowdus,  Populist, 
273.    Dorwin  elected. 
For  County  Attorney : 

J.  H.  Chase,  Republican,  506 ;  A.  K.  Gregg, 
Democrat,   275;   E.    B.    Stone,    Populist.   210. 
Chase  elected. 
For  County  Auditor: 

John  R.  Wallace,  Republican,  550;  M.  G. 
Stone,  Populist,  359. 
For  County  Clerk : 

Marian  L.   Freeman.   Republican.  449:  C. 
A.  Bernoudy,  Democrat,  239;  C.  H.  Cole.  Pop- 
ulist, 2^},.    Freeman  elected. 
For  County  Coroner : 

Nathan  Reed,  Republican,  342  :  C.  F.  \\'ebb, 
Democrat,  375 ;  A.  S.  Hayley.  Populist.  269. 
Webb  elected. 
For  Superintendent  of  Schools  : 

Joseph  E.  Leader,  Republican,  414:  Mrs. 
V.  M.  Grainger,  Democrat,  2,2'^ ;  T.  .\.  Wright, 
Populist,  249.    Leader  elected. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


567 


For  County  Sheriff: 

William  Clark,   Republican,  389;  William 
Nelson,  Democrat,  276;  H.  H.  Nickell,  Popu- 
list, 394.     Nickell  elected. 
For  County  Surveyor : 

C.    H.    Ballard,    Republican,    485;    Henry 
Carr,  Populist,  384. 
For  County  Treasurer : 

W.  H.  Watson,  Republican,  457;  John 
Bjork,  Populist-Democrat,  530.  Bjork  elected. 
For  Commissioner,  Second  District : 

George  J.  Hurley,  Republican,  50;  P.  H. 
Pinkston,  Democrat,  ^-j;  J.  W.  Carpenter,  Pop- 
ulist, 28.     Hurley  elected. 
For  Commissioner,  First  District : 

L.    D.    Burton,    Republican,    183;    G.    W. 
Htirdenburgh,  Democrat,  158. 
For  Commissioner,  Third  District : 

S.  H.  Mason,  Republican,  208;  C.  A.  Bis- 
bee.  Democrat,  172;  John  Schmidt,  Populist, 
186.     Mason  elected. 

The  pluralities  and  majorities  of  the  differ- 
ent officers  elected  are  as  follows :  Pluralities : 
DooHttle,  230;  Hyde,  235;  Gordon,  185;  Dun- 
bar, 288;  Baum,  37;  Dorwin,  167;  Chase,  231 ; 
Freeman,  176;  Webb,  33;  Leader,  86;  Nickell, 
5;  Hurley,  13;  Mason,  22.  Majorities:  Wal- 
lace, 191 ;  Ballard,  loi ;  Bjork,  -jt^  ;  Burton,  25. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  names  appearing 
on  the  poll  books  as  candidates  for  the  offices 
of  constable  and  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
va'-ious  precincts  of  the  county,  and  the  number 
of  votes  each  received  : 

OKANOGAN   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable : 

Edward  C.  Lathrop,  46;  Joseph  Coball,  11 ; 
James  Johnson,  4 ;  William  Grainger,  i ;  Pat- 
rick McDonald,  i  ;  S.  T.  Stanton,  i. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace  : 

James  Fraser,  40;  S.  T.  Stanton,  34:  F. 
Smith . 

TOATS  COULEE  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable : 

Al.  Riste,  70;  H.  C.  Moore,  45. 


For  Justice  of  the  Peace  : 

James  Laraway,  72 ;  O.  S.  Stocker,  48. 

SALMON  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

Charles  Millberger,  44 ;  W.  L.  Fite,  i ;  J.  J. 
Argue,  I ;  S.  S.  Howland,  i ;  T.  W.  Hankey,  1  ; 
Thomas  Roberts  i. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

W.  H.  Fifield,  60 ;  Frank  Barney,  i ;  W.  W. 
Wicks,  I ;  Charles  Hermann,  i ;  George  Gui:)- 
ser,  I. 

RUBY   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

Bert  Comstock,  24 ;  C.  B.  Comstock,  3 ;  J. 
W.  Jewett,  I. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace: 

W.  A.  Bolinger,  25;  Thomas  Long,  4;  J. 
W.  Jewett,  I. 

JOHNSON    CREEK   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

T.  M.  Benwy,  28;  H.  Didra,  i;  A.  Brew- 
ster, I. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

J.  D.  Williams,  25;  C.  H.  Fate,  8;  Patrick 
Miller,  i ;  A.  J.  Squires,  i ;  G.  Beeman,  i. 

LOOP  LOOP  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

George  Melvin,  14. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace: 

George  W.  Tonkin,  15. 

SPRING   COULEE   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

William  Brown,  43. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

Frank  Read,  34;  J.  Douglas,  19. 

COLUMBIA    PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

T.  B.  Junkin,  17;  Frederick  Deffield,  2. 


568 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

J.  S.  White,  i6;  J.  D.  Ives,  i ;  H.  A.  Rowell, 
I. 

WINTHROP   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable : 

H.   J.   Riser,    15;   H.  L.   Stone,  6;  J.  A. 
Hartle,  12. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

N.  Stone,  29 ;  O.  J.  Rollis,  6. 

SILVER  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

L.  McClure,  22;  Grant  Burke,  24;  P.  L. 
Filer,  i. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

James  Cohvell,  21 ;  Frank  Benson,  24;  John 
Coon,  I ;  T.  S.  Bamber,  i. 

SQUAW     CREEK    PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

A\'illiam  Lamott,   15;  Thomas  Deaver,  54. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace  : 

E.  J.  Davis,  28 ;  J.  W.  Draa,  44. 

LOWER  METHOW  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

C.  A.  Snow,  17;  John  Manegan,  18;  Indian 
Dan,  I  ;  Daniel  Gamble,  4. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

Daniel  Gamble,  28;  John  Manegan,  2;  A. 
Watson,  15;  H.  H.  McCarter,  i. 

LAKESIDE  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

R.  Gorrill,  12;  George  E.  Cottrell,  25;  L. 
E.  Bardon,  i ;  Benjamin  Smith,  i. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace: 

William  Henry,  30;  John  Carlyle,  16. 

CHELAN  PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

J.  W.  Budd,  59;  D.  H.  Lord,  i;  Daniel 
Vroman.  i. 


For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

E.  B.  Peaslee,  5 1 ;  F.  P.  Burkhart,  22 ;  A. 
Bolyard,  i. 

STEHEKIN   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

A.  M.  Pershall,  7;  William  Buzzard,  i. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace: 

J."  E.  Merrett.  6;  M.  E.  Field,  i ;  W.  Hor- 
ton,  I. 

ENTIAT    PRECINCT. 

For  Constable : 

Samuel   Molical,   9;   William   Hayden,   5; 
Jesse  Bonar,  5 ;  D.  Finch,  i ;  R.  Gaines,  2. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

William  Cannon,  14;  R.  Gaines,  6;  Henry 
Saunders,  i;  Augustus  Hogan,  i. 

WENATCHEE   PRECINCT. 

For  Constable: 

W.  M.  Spain,  13;  Joseph  Shotwell,  5. 
For  Justice  of  the  Peace : 

A.  S.  Burbank,  12;  W.  M.  Cross,  7. 

WENATCHEE    LAKE    PRECINCT. 

For  Constables : 

Republicans — Charles   O'Berg.    54;   J.   D. 
Whitney,  53.     Democrats — Jordan  Webb,  64; 
George  Hood,  55.     Populists — Ross  Simpson, 
42 ;  George  H.  Mulford,  36. 
For  Justices  of  the  Peace : 

Republicans — G.  N.  Watson,  80;  F.  S. 
Taylor,  79.  Populists — J.  T.  Boyle.  67; 
Thomas  O.  Laughlin,  39. 

In  December,  1895,  the  Okanogan  county 
commissioners  were  L.  D.  Burton,  chairman, 
L.  H.  Mason  and  George  J.  Hurley.  December 
27,  1895,  ]\Ir.  Hurley  removed  from  the  county 
and  the  vacancy  caused  by  his  resignation  as 
commissioner  was  filled.  January  7,  1896,  by 
the  appointment  of  Robert  Allison.  January 
1 1 ,  1 897,  the  commissioners  taking  office  were 
M.  D.  Griffin,  chairman,  R.  T.  Prewitt  and  T. 
J.  Cannon.     January  9,  1899,  the  commission- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


569 


ers  subscribing  to  the  oath  of  office  were  T.  J. 
Cannon,  chairman,  Alexander  Watson  and  Al- 
lan Palmer.  January  18,  1900,  T.  J.  Cannon 
resigned  and  Allan  Palmer  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  board.  April  4,  W.  A.  Ford  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  January  14,  1901, 
the  commissioners  were  Allan  Palmer,  chair- 
man, Robert  Prewitt  and  P.  H.  Pinkston. 
January  12,  1903,  the  commissioners  taking 
office  were  R.  T.  Prewitt,  chairman,  F.  W.  Ros- 
enfelt  and  A.  George  Wehe. 

The  presidential  election  of  November  3, 
1896,  in  Okanogan  county  was  a  victory  for 
the  Populists.  The  largest  vote  polled  for  Re- 
publican electors  was  285.  The  Democrats 
polled  42,  Prohibitionists  11,  Nationals  5  and 
Populists  912.  For  Governor  John  R.  Rogers 
carried  the  county  against  P.  C.  Sullivan,  Re- 
publican, by  a  vote  of  891  to  324.  For  repre- 
sentative in  congress  the  Populists  carried  the 
county  by  nearly  as  heavy  a  plurality.  James 
Hamilton  Lewis,  Populist,  received  910  votes, 
and  Wilbur  C.  Jones,  Populist,  received  886, 
as  against  317  for  S.  C.  Hyde  and  292  for  H. 
W.  Doolittle,  their  Republican  opponents. 

For  state  senator  F.  M.  Baum,  running  on 
the  Populist  ticket,  carried  the  county  against 
J.  H.  Chase,  Republican,  by  a  vote  of  897  to 

311- 

In  the  county  field  there  were  three  tickets. 
Republican,  People's  Party  and  Union  Silver, 
the  latter  representing  largely  the  Democratic 
vote.  Henry  Carr,  People's  Party,  was  elected 
representative  by  a  vote  of  553,  defeating  A.  S. 
Lindsay,  Republican,  268,  and  Frank  Reeves, 
Union  Silver,  421.  For  superior  judge  Okan- 
ogan county  gave  C.  H.  Neal,  People's  Party, 
710  votes,  and  his  Republican  opponent,  Wal- 
lace Mount,  511.  Two  People's  Party  candi- 
dates and  one  Union  Silver  candidate  were 
elected  county  commissioners,  the  vote  being: 
First  district — Allan  Palmer,  Republican,  441 ; 
M.  D.  Griffin,  Peoples'  Party,  529:  William 
Grainger,  Union  Silver,  244.  Second  district 
— S.  H.  Mason,  Republican.  474:  Robert  Pre- 


witt, Peoples'  Party,  702.  Third  district — 
Bernard  Devin,  Republican,  432 ;  T.  J.  Camer- 
on, Union  Silver,  545.  For  the  other  county 
officers  the  vote  was  as  follows : 

Sheriff— P.  H.  Farley,  Republican,  358;  D. 
W.  Reid,  Peoples'  Party,  477;  H.  H.  Nickell, 
Union  Silver,  399. 

County  Clerk — H.  C.  Davis,  Republican, 
524;  Charles  R.  Davidson,  Peoples'  Party,  515; 
J.  W.  Draa,  183. 

Auditor — J.  R.  Wallace,  Republican,  65 1 ; 
J.  W.  Bonar,  People's  Party,  560. 

Treasurer — G.  W.  Elliott,  Republican,  573  ; 
James  H.  Barkley,  Peoples'  Party,  412;  C.  C. 
King,  Union  Silver,  248. 

County  Attorney — Peter  McPherson,  Peo- 
ples' Party,  707;  B.  K.  K!napp,  Union  Silver, 

311- 

Assessor — H.  A.  Graham,  Republican,  267 ; 
John  Carlyle,  Peoples'  Party,  496 ;  W.  J.  Dor- 
win,  Union  Silver,  471. 

School  Superintendent — A.  S.  York,  Re- 
publican, 376;  Mrs.  V.  M.  Grainger,  Peoples' 
Party,  825. 

Surveyor — C.  H.  Ballard,  Republican,  463 ; 
L.  S.  Baldwin.  Union  Silver,  497. 

Coroner — A.  A.  Tozer,  Republican,  357; 
George  W.  Hoxsey,  Peoples'  Party,  798. 

The  election  of  1898  was  a  complete  rever- 
sal of  the  election  of  1896,  and  the  Republicans 
carried  the  county  by  good-sized  majorities, 
electing  every  county  officer.  At  this  election 
973  votes  were  cast.  For  representative  in  con- 
gress Wesley  L.  Jones,  Republican,  received 
470  votes,  Francis  W.  Cushman,  Republican, 
448,  James  Hamilton  Lewis,  Peoples'  Party, 
427,  and  William  C.  Jones,  Peoples'  Party,  380. 
For  state  representative  M.  E.  Field,  Republi- 
can, defeated  Henry  Carr,  Peoples'  Party,  by  a 
vote  of  541  to  377.  Two  county  commission- 
ers were  elected,  the  vote  being  as  follows: 
First  district — Allan  Palmer,  Republican,  550; 
M.  D.  Griffin,  Peoples'  Party,  334:  Second  dis- 
trict— Alexander  Watson,  Republican,  529; 
Robert  Prewitt,  Peoples'  Party,  362.     Follow- 


570 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ing  was  the  result  of  the  election  for  other 
county  ofificers : 

Sherifif — Thomas  Dickson,  Republican, 
507 ;  D.  W.  Reid,  Peoples'  Party,  406. 

County  Clerk — Walter  Cloud,  Republican, 
548;  William  M.  Emmerson,  Peoples'  Party, 
346. 

Auditor — Frederick  Ptiaeging,  Republican, 
513;  C.  C.  Campbell,  Peoples'  Party,  381. 

Treasurer — G.  W.  Elliott,  Republican,  558; 
Henry  Burke,  Peoples'  Party,  355. 

Prosecuting  Attorney — A.  W.  Barry,  Re- 
publican, 594;  Peter  McPherson,  Peoples' 
Party,  294. 

Assessor — J.  F.  Buttles,  Republican,  493; 
George  L.  Hedges.  Peoples'  Party,  410. 

School  Superintendent — J.  F.  Samson,  Re- 
publican, 572;  Mrs.  F.  C.  Wehmeyer,  Peoples' 
Party,  325. 

Surveyor — Charles  H.  Ballard,  Republican, 
543 :  William  Liptrap,  Peoples'  Party,  362. 

Coroner — George  A.  Shea,  Republican, 
522 :  Albert  S.  Hayley.  Peoples'  Party,  353. 

As  in  the  previous  presidential  election  the* 
free  silver  party,  which  was  labeled  the  "Peo- 
ples' Party"  in  1896,  was  again  successful  in 
1900,  as  the  Democratic  party.  Not  only  was 
it  successful  in  the  national  and  state  tickets, 
but  the  entire  county  Democratic  ticket  was 
elected. 

The  highest  vote  for  Republican  electors 
was  465,  the  Democrats  polling  714  votes  for 
their  presidential  ticket.  The  prohibitionists 
polled  10  votes  for  their  candidate  for  presi- 
dent, the  Socialist-Labor  party  3,  and  the  So- 
cial-Democratic party  17.  For  Governor  John 
R.  Rogers,  Democrat,  received  in  Okanogan 
county,  730  votes,  and  J.  M.  Frink,  Republican, 
412.  For  representatives  in  congress — F.  W. 
Cushman,  Republican,  448;  W.  L.  Jones,  Re- 
l)ublican,  459;  F.  C.  Robertson,  Democrat, 
692;  J.  T.  Ronald,  Democrat.  663.  For  state 
senator  the  county  gave  M.  E.  Hay,  Republi- 
can 480,  and  Gottleib  Garber.  Democrat,  660 
votes.      For    state    representative    Stephen    E. 


Barron,  Democrat,  defeated  J.  O.  Calhoun  Re- 
publican, by  a  vote  of  679  to  444.  For  su- 
perior judge  C.  H.  Neal,  Democrat,  polled  709 
votes  to  391  for  H.  A.  P.  Myers,  his  Repub- 
lican opponent.  Two  county  commissioners 
were  elected.  Alex.  Watson,  in  the  second 
district.  Republican,  was  defeated  by  Robert 
Prewitt,  Democrat,  by  a  vote  of  699  to  448.  In 
the  third  district  P.  H.  Pinkston,  Democrat,  de- 
feated James  P.  Blaine,  Republican,  by  a  vote 
of  666  to  468.  For  other  county  officers  the 
\ote  was  as  follows : 

Auditor — Frederick  Pflaeging,  Republican, 
521 ;  Henry  Carr,  Democrat,  620. 

Sheriff — Edward  B.  Flanders,  Republican, 
470;  H.  H.  Nickell,  Democrat,  690. 

County  Clerk — William  Baines,  Republi- 
can, 536;  Eugene  G.  Wehe,  595. 

Treasurer — George  A  .  Blackwell,  Republi- 
can, 452;  John  M.  Pitman,  Democrat,  694. 

County  Attorney — Tobias  Mitchell,  Repub- 
lican, 436;  V.  H.  Hopson,  Democrat,  695. 

Assessor — Terrence  Malony,  Republican, 
481 ;  F.  M.  Willmarth,  Democrat,  669. 

School  Superintendent — J.  F.  Samson.  Re- 
publican, 518;  Mrs.  S.  A.  Robinson,  Demo- 
crat, 614. 

Surveyor — Clayton  D.  Baldwin.  Republi- 
can, 511 ;  William  Liptrap,  Democrat,  617. 

Coroner — John  J.  Cheetham,  Republican. 
414;  Dr.  J.  E.  Goggins,  Democrat,  706. 

In  the  election  of  1902  the  Democrats  were 
in  the  lead  for  most  of  the  county  offices,  al- 
though the  two  commissioners  elected  were  Re- 
publicans who  were  successful  by  narrow  ma- 
jorities. For  representatives  in  congress 
Okanogan  county  cast  its  vote  as  follows :  Re- 
publicans— F.  W.  Cushman,  563 ;  Wesley  L. 
Jones,  597;  William  E.  Humphrey,  552.  Dem- 
ocrats— George  F.  Cotterill,  544;  O.  R.  Hol- 
comb,  552:  Frank  B.  Cole.  569.  For  state  sen- 
ator the  Democratic  candidate  carried  the 
county  by  a  small  plurality,  George  J.  Hurley, 
Republican,  receiving  550  votes  to  599  for  his 
Democratic  opponent.  J.  M.  F.  Cooper.     J.  I. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


571 


Pogue,  Republican,  defeated  J.  G.  Garrett, 
Democrat,  for  the  house  of  representatives,  by 
a  vote  of  623  to  581.  For  county  commis- 
sioner, first  district,  A.  George  Wehe,  Republi- 
can, received  582  votes  to  573  votes  cast  for  A. 
A.  Batterson,  Democrat,  and  in  the  third  dis- 
trict Fred  Rosenfelt,  RepubHcan,  defeated  H. 
H.  Mayhew,  Democrat,  by  a  vote  of  586  to  561. 
Other  county  candidates  received  the  following 
votes : 

Auditor — F.  S.  Beale,  Republican,  458; 
Henry  Carr,    Democrat,  72S. 

Sheriff — ^John  Kendall,  Republican,  530; 
G.  W.  Tindall,  Democrat,  667. 

County  Clerk — Thomas  J.  Murray,  Repub- 


lican, 342;  Eugene  F.  Wehe,  Democrat,  844. 

Treasurer — John  M.  Warnick,  Republican, 
447;  J.  M.  Pitman,  Democrat,  743. 

County  Attorney — Ernest  Peck,  Republi- 
can, 477;  E.  K.  Pendergast,  Democrat,  706. 

Assessor — Will  N.  Fulton,  Republican, 
527;  F.  M.  Wilmarth,  Democrat,  641. 

School  Superintendent — J.  Frank  Samson, 
Republican,  517;  W.  E.  Gamble,  Democrat, 
661. 

Surveyor — George  J.  Gardiner,  Republi- 
can, 634;  G.  H.  Wheeler,  Democrat,  530. 

Coroner — C.  R.  McKinley.  Republican, 
484;  Dr.  J.  E.  Goggins,  Democrat,  679. 


CHAPTER    Vm. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


The  earliest  superintendent's  reports  con- 
cerning school  matters  for  Okanogan  county 
available  are  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1893. 
Air.  J.  F.  Samson  was  superintendent  during 
that  year  and  in  his  report  to  the  state  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction  he  said : 

"While  the  report  is  in  many  respects  en- 
couraging, and  shows  a  trifling  increase  in 
the  percentage  of  enrollment,  it  shows  that  but 
little  over  one-half  of  the  children  of  school  age 
have  attended  school.  This  is  not  quite  as  bad 
as  it  looks,  as  many  of  the  children  not  attend- 
ing have  only  lately  moved  into  the  county, 
but  at  the  best  it  is  deplorable,  considering  the 
population  of  the  county,  each  school  district 
including  from  fifty  to  eighty  square  miles. 
Alany  of  the  children  live  so  far  from  the 
school  houses  that  they  can  not  attend  only  on 
pleasant  days.  This,  of  course,  makes  a  poor 
average  attendance. 


"To  recite  the  many  other  drawbacks  would 
be  to  repeat  the  experience  of  every  new  county. 
The  people  are  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the 
schools.  A  number  of  good  school  buildings 
have  been  built  during  the  last  year.  I  have 
found  the  district  clerks  willing  and  anxious  to 
do  their  duty,  but  not  every  clerk  is  a  business 
man.  I  believe  a  uniform  system  of  record 
books  would,  in  most  cases,  insure  correctness."' 

The  above  report  of  Superintendent  Sam- 
son was  accompanied  by  the  following  statis- 
tics: 

Children  of  school  age,  751;  enrolled  in 
schools,  401 ;  average  daily  attendance,  271 ; 
number  of  districts,  23 ;  number  of  teachers, 
25  ;  average  salaries  paid,  males  $61.50,  females 
$55.50.  The  estimated  value  of  all  school 
property  in  1893  was  $18,561.  The  number  of 
schools  maintained  was  21,  including  two 
graded    schools.      There    were    fifteen    school 


572 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


houses  in  the  county,  of  which  eight  were 
erected  during  the  year  1893.  The  total  seat- 
ing capacity  of  these  buildings  was  737.  In  his 
annual  report  for  1894  J\Ir.  Samson  says: 

"While  the  past  year  has  been  a  very  dis- 
couraging one,  generall}-,  on  account  of  finan- 
cial difficulties,  yet  the  showing  in  the  county 
this  year,  compared  with  last  is,  I  think,  a  very 
creditable  one.  The  number  of  days  taught  per 
child  is  greater  than  last  year.  There  has,  also, 
been  an  increase  of  eleven  per  cent,  in  the  per- 
centage of  enrollment  and  eight  per  cent,  in 
the  daily  average  attendance.  This  year  shows 
583  children  enrolled,  with  an  average  attend- 
ance of  four  hundred  and  three." 

Joseph  E.  Leader  was  the  county  superin- 
tendent of  schools  in  Okanogan  county  during 
the  year  1895.  In  a  memorandum  to  the 
county  commissioners  he  says  : 

"My  report  shows  a  slight  increase  in 
school  population,  enrollment  and  average  at- 
tendance and  a  considerable  falling  off  in  the 
lengths  of  terms.  This  latter  fact  is  to  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  depreciation  in  values  of 
properties  of  the  county,  the  financial  depres- 
sion and  conseqent  failure  in  payment  of  taxes. 
The  schools  in  most  cases  are  kept  open  as  long 
as  possible  on  the  apportionment  they  have  re- 
ceived. The  enrollment  is  603  and  the  average 
daily  attendance  418." 

During  the  year  1901  the  enrollment  of 
Okanogan  county  was  784  and  the  average 
daily  attendance  479.  In  1903  the  superinten- 
dent of  schools  for  Okanogan  county  was  Mr. 
S.  A.  Robinson.  From  his  report  is  gleaned  the 
fact  that  the  Loomis  and  Twisp  schools  were  the 
only  ones  in  the  county  which  maintained  more 
than  one  department.  The  total  enrollment  of 
children  of  school  age  was  1,412.  of  whom 
there  were  in  attendance  in  public  schools  1,190, 
with  an  average  daily  attendance  of  801.  The 
number  of  departments  maintained  during  the 
year  was  50  within  the  48  schools.  There  were 
56  teachers  employed,  including  17  males  and 


39  females.  The  number  of  pupils  in  the  first 
year's  course  were  289;  second,  136;  third, 
163;  fourth,  203;  fifth,  166;  sixth,  108;  sev- 
enth, 32;  eighth,  48;  ninth,  i.  There  were  41 
school  houses,  22  log  and  19  frame  buildings, 
with  a  total  seating  capacity  of  1,457.  The 
estimated  value  of  all  school  property  was 
$30,125,  comprising  forty-eight  districts  within 
the  county.  Twenty-four  schools  were  main- 
tained at  least  five  months  in  the  year,  and  there 
were  six  districts  unprovided  with  school  build- 
ings, and  nine  districts  having  a  bonded  indebt- 
edness. There  were  six  teachers  holding  state 
or  territorial  certificates,  or  diplomas;  one 
holding  a  diploma  from  the  state  normal 
school;  one  an  elementary  certificate  from  the 
state  normal,  but  none  holding  an  advanced 
course  normal  school  certificate.  Ten  teachers 
held  first  grade  certificates;  twelve  second 
grade,  and  sixteen  third  grade  certificates. 
The  financial  statement  of  Okanogan  county's 
school  affairs  for  the  year  1903  is  as  follows  : 

Balance   in   hands   of  the   county   treasurer   at 
the  beginning  of  the  year,  July  I,  1902,  to 

credit  of  school  districts $5,899.56 

Amount  apportioned  to  districts  by  state  funds  9,802.00 
Amount    apportioned    to    districts    by    county 

funds   4,461.87 

Amount  received  from  special  levy 2.709.84 

Amount  received  from  sale  of  bonds 2.631.01 

Amount  received  from  all  other  sources 502.42 

$26,006.70 

EXPENDITURES. 

Amount  paid  during  year  for  teachers'  wages. $12,121. 75 

Rents,  repairs,  fuels  and  incidentals 2.466.56 

Sites,  buildings,  furniture  1,853.49 

.Amount  paid  for  interest  on  bonds 717-34 

Amount  paid  for  interest  on  warrants 451-23 

.\mount  of  all  other  funds  paid  out  .^S2.5S 

?i7.99-'-95 

During  the  past  few  years  teachers'  insti- 
tutes have  been  held  quite  frequently  through- 
out the  county,  and  a  great  deal  of  interest  has 
been  maintained  in  these  organizations.  In  all 
departments  of  educational  matters  Okonogan 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


573 


county  takes  a  deep  interest,  and  her  citizens 
are  ever  ready  to  forward  in  every  way  possi- 
ble the  interests  of  their  children.  It  should 
not  be  overlooked  that  in  a  country  practically 
cut  off  from  steam  transportation  the  cost  of 
maintaining  schools  is  much  greater  and  the 


disadvantages  many  more  than  in  counties  sup- 
plied with  ample  transportation  facilities.  On 
the  whole  the  county  officials  deserve  great 
credit  for  the  progress  already  made  and  which 
may  be  considered  a  safe  guarantee  for  the 
future. 


STEPHEN   E.   BARRON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

OKANOGAN  COUNTY 


HON.  STEPHEN  E.  BARRON  needs  no 
introduction  to  the  people  of  Okanogan  county. 
In  1900  they  sent  him  to  the  state  legislature 
and  then  nominated  him  for  the  United  States 
congress,  but  before  election  he  withdrew,  pre- 
ferring to  give  his  entire  attention  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  O.  S.,  a  large  property,  which 
he  controls  and  manages.  A  more  extended 
mention  of  this  property  will  be  found  else- 
where in  this  volume. 

Stephen  E.  Barron  was  born  in  Hines- 
burgh,  Vermont,  on  October  2,  1850,  the  son 
of  Peter  and  Pauline  (Bissonette)  Barron.  The 
mother  died  when  this  son  was  about  six 
years  of  age,  later  he  went  to  New  York  city, 
where  he  worked  his  way  through  some  of  the 
good  educational  institutions  of  that  place. 
After  this  he  was  associated  with  James  Fisk 
as  a  salesman,  and  did  well.  Then  he  attended 
the  medical  department  of  the  Pennsylvania 
University,  and  took  his  diploma  as  a  Doctor 
of  Medicine  and  has  practiced  in  several  states. 
But  Mr.  Barron  was  more  enthused  over  mining 
and  at  once  began  to  study  the  science  care- 
fully. Not  content  with  that,  he  at  once  placed 
himself  so  that  he  could  be  associated  with  the 
industry  practically.  He  delved  in  this  line  in 
Nova  Scotia,  and  in  1869,  went  to  Australia. 
After  extended  research  there,  he  returned  to 
the  United  States  and  has  been  in  all  the  west- 
ern states  and  territories  and  Alaska  and  Mex- 
ico, following  mining  in  every  department. 
There  is  not  a  mine  of  great  note  in  the  world 
that  Mr.  Barron  has  not  either  studied  in  per- 
son on  the  ground  or  from  extended  reports  of 
them.     He  has  personally  visited    all    in    the 


United  States  and  many  in  other  countries.  He 
has  made  a  deep  study  of  geology,  mineralogy, 
metallurgy,  and  the  science  of  mining  in  all  its 
departments.  He  is  familiar  with  the  manner 
of  development  of  properties,  as  well  as  with 
the  management  of  a  mine,  and  has  thorough- 
ly familiarized  himself  with  all  that  a  man 
should  know  in  mining.  At  the  present 
Mr.  Barron  is  studying  as  heretofore  in  all 
lines,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  best  posted 
men  in  mining  in  the  United  States.  He  has  a 
fine  reputation  as  an  expert,  and  is  known  as 
well  as  a  man  of  stanch  integritv  and  relia- 
bility. 

In  1896,  Mr.  Barron  came  to  the  Okanogan 
country  and  at  once  became  interested  in  the 
mammoth  lead  now  owned  by  the  O.  S.  Mining 
Company.  He  traced  the  lead,  found  its  di- 
mensions, prospected  the  same  thoroughly  and 
then  interested  capital  in  it.  To  show  the  real- 
ity of  the  man  and  his  faith  in  the  Q.  S.,  while 
in  the  east,  Mr.  Barron  insured  his  life  in  one  of 
the  large  companies  in  favor  of  men  who  ad- 
vanced the  mone)'  for  the  development  of  the 
Q.  S.  in  case  of  his  death  or  failure  to  make  the 
property  a  great  mine.  That  is  will  soon  be  a 
great  shipper  is  evidenced  when  we  note  that 
the  lead  extends  for  about  seven  thousand  feet. 
and  is  from  one  hundred  to  three  hundred  feet 
wide.  Between  one  and  two  thousand  feet  of 
developed  work  has  been  done,  and  every 
foot  of  progress  shows  a  better  property.  J\Ia- 
chinery  has  been  installed  and  the  property  is 
one  of  the  great  ones  of  the  county.  It  is  lo- 
cated midway  between  Conconully  and  Loomis. 
Mr.  Barron  makes  his  home  nearbv,  where  he 


576 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


has  a  good  stock  ranch  well  watered,  to  which 
he  devotes  attention  together  witli  the  man- 
agement of  the  mine. 

Mr.  Barron  is  justly  ranked  with  the  lead- 
ing mining  promoters  of  the  state  and  his  work 
shows  for  itself  the  amount  accomplished,  while 
Okanogan  county  is  to  l)e  congratulated  that 
she  has  secured  as  a  resident  this  wide  awake 
mining  expert. 


JOHN  RAGEN  resides  six  miles  south  of 
Kipling,  where  he  follows  general  farming  and 
raising  stock.  He  has  a  good  estate,  and  is 
possessed  of  considerable  property.  One  of  the 
characteristics  that  impresses  one  who  knows 
Mr.  Ragen,  is  that  of  energy  and  adaptibility, 
which  combine  in  a  happy  degree  to  form  the 
western  character  so  well  known  as  the  "rust- 
ler." He  was  born  in  Kane  county,  Illinois, 
on  January  6,  1868,  the  son  of  Michael  Ragen, 
a  native  of  New  York,  wdio  married  Miss  Cath- 
erine Hopkins,  a  native  of  Castle  Bar,  Ireland. 
She  came  to  the  United  States  when  young  and 
taught  school  and  did  bookkeeping  work  until 
marriage.  She  died  in  1875.  The  father 
started  without  means  in  his  younger  days  and 
l>egan  raising  stock  in  Kane  county,  near  Chi- 
cago, continuing  the  same  wnth  good  success 
for  thirty  years.  He  died  on  January  2,  1900, 
in  his  sixty-eighth  year.  He  possessed  consid- 
erable property  in  Chicago  and  lost  heavily  at 
the  time  of  the  big  fire.  He  had  been  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  in  Kane  county  and  brought 
the  first  horse  team  there.  Our  subject  was  one 
of  four  children  born  to  this  worthy  pioneer 
couple,  the  other  three  being  Mrs.  Anna  M. 
Maurer,  Thomas,  deceased.  Michael  W.,  de- 
ceased; the  former  in  1874  and  the  latter  at 
Walla  Walla,  January  2,  1897.  The  early  life 
of  Mr.  Ragen  was  spent  in  Kane  county  gain- 
ing an  education  and  assisting  his  father  on 
the  stock  farm.  In  the  spring  of  1887,  he  went 
to  Salt  Lake  where  he  worked  in  the  mines  for 
a  time  then  came  on  to  Portland.  He  specu- 
lated in  real  estate  there  for  some  time  and 
made  plenty  of  money.  Later  we  see  him  in 
Olympia  and  after  that  he  opened  ticket  brok- 
erage offices  in  Spokane  and  along  the  line  of 
the  Great  Northern  to  Seattle.  After  a  suc- 
cessful time  at  this  he  went  to  North  Yakima, 
and  there  did  well,  buying  and  selling  state  and 
school  warrants.  Next  we  find  him  in  the  ticket 
brokerae-e  business  on  the  O.  R.  &  N.  and  in 


1899,  he  went  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  did  mining.  In  December,  1901,  Mr.  Ra- 
gen came  to  Okanogan  county  and  located  his 
present  place  and  since  that  time  has  given  his 
attention  to  raising  stock  and  to  general  farm- 
ing. He  now  owns  the  old  family  home  of  his 
parents  in  Kane  county,  Illinois. 

On  May  28,  1900,  Mr.  Ragen  married  Miss 
May,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Margaret  (Tar- 
diff)  Deschamp,  and  a  native  of  Portage.  Wis- 
consin. Mrs.  Ragen's  parents  were  natives  of 
Canada  and  are  now  dwelling  in  Lewiston, 
Idaho.  They  are  the  parents  of  five  children, 
named  as  follows :  William,  Mrs.  Ragen, 
Charles  E.,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pixley,  Emeda. 
Mrs.  Ragen  was  liberally  educated,  and  then 
located  a  hamestead  near  Nezperce,  Idaho,  upon 
which  she  later  proved  up.  She  was  also  sales- 
lady at  Nezperce  and  at  North  Yakima,  Wash- 
ington. 


JOSEPH  SKEFFINGTON,  who  resides 
about  one  mile  south  from  Molson,  combines 
the  life  of  the  miner  and  farmer,  as  so  many 
are  doing  in  this  favored  region.  Abundance 
of  fertile  land,  with  excellent  mineral  deposits 
adjoining,  make  it  a  Utopia  for  mineral  work 
by  the  ordinary  man.  He  has  traveled  much 
to  different  parts  of  the  world  but  is  now  con- 
tent to  remain  beneath  the  stars  and  stripes, 
enjoying  the  wholesome  pleasures  of  civiliza- 
tion. 

Joseph  Skefifington  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  on  October  16,  1855,  the  son  of  Mich- 
ael and  Mary  (Brinnan)  Skeffington,  natives 
of  Ireland.  They  were  the  parents  of  sixteen 
children,  eleven  boys  and  five  girls,  our  subject 
being  the  tenth  of  the  family.  They  removed 
to  Bureau  county,  Illinois,  in  1871,  and  four 
years  later  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  South  Da- 
kota, in  wagons.  The  next  year  they  returned 
to  Nebraska  and  Iowa,  and  later  our  subject 
came  to  Bear  Gulch,  Montana.  He  mined 
there  till  the  spring  of  1881,  then  went  to 
Drummond  and  engaged  in  business.  In  the 
spring  of  1883,  he  went  to  Portland  and  took 
ship  for  Juneau,  Alaska.  Landing  after  a  good 
journey,  he  prospected  from  there  to  Wrangle, 
and  then  returned  to  Puget  Sound.  In  the 
spring  of  1884,  we  find  Mr.  Skeffington  on 
Canyon  creek  in  Couer  d'Alene  country,  where 
he  located  the  Union  mining  claim,  which 
he  later  sold  to  Finch  &  Campbell.      He  re- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


577 


mained  there  until  1892,  then  went  to  the  Slo- 
can  region,  and  in  1895,  hearing  of  a  rich  strike 
at  Coolgardie,  Austraha,  he  went  thither.  The 
trip  was  dangerous  and  extremely  hard.  For 
one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  he  traveled  over 
the  burning  sand  afoot,  carrying  provisions  and 
buying  and  carrying  w-ater.  When  he  arrived 
at  the  gold  fields  the  people  were  dying,  and 
found  that  the  natives  lived  on  ants,  lizards  and 
snakes,  and  as  these  did  not  suit  his  appetite,  he 
came  back  to  good  old  America.  He  was  in  the 
Shasta  region,  then  on  the  Salmon  in  Idaho, 
later  at  Slocan,  and  in  1898  came  to  Toroda 
creek  and  did  mining.  On  the  day  the  reser- 
vation was  opened,  October  10,  1900,  Mr. 
Skeflington  located  his  present  place,  and  since 
then  has  devoted  himself  to  general  mining  and 
the  improvement  of  his  farm.  He  has  a  good 
house,  barn,  young  orchard,  fencing,  granary, 
and  so  forth.  Mr.  Skeffington  has  a  group  of 
good  claims  adjoining  the  Dreyfus,  which 
show  excellent  values  in  gold.  Fraternally  he 
is  associated  with  the  miners  Union  and  is  a 
man  of  broad  experience  and  good  address. 


EDWIN  P.  ROUNDS  resides  about  three 
miles  west  of  Molson,  on  Tamarack  slope.  He 
is  an  enterprising  man  who  settled  here  on 
October  10,  1900,  at  the  time  the  reservation 
opened.  He  has  remained  here  since  and  has 
given  himself  to  the  good  labor  of  improving 
his  farm  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
the  community.  His  place  is  well  supplied  with 
water,  fences,  good  outbuildings,  and  an  eight- 
room  residence.  In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Rounds 
owns  a  good  residence  in  Meyers  Falls,  Wash- 
ington, and  some  other  property. 

Edwin  P.  Rounds  was  born  in  Monona 
county,  Iowa,  on  October  3,  1868,  the  son  of 
Jacob  H.  and  Phoebe  (Quigley)  Rounds.  The 
father  was  born  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio, 
in  1823.  Our  subject's  paternal  grandfather 
owned  a  vessel  which  was  lost  at  sea,  with  the 
entire  crew  and  cargo.  The  Rounds  family  in 
this  country  is  traced  back  to  two  brothers, 
who  landed  on  Plymouth  Rock  from  the  May- 
flower, in  1620.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Illinois  in  1827,  and  is  now  making 
her  home  with  him.  To  this  worthy  couple, 
nine  children  have  been  born,  seven  of  whom 
are  living,  as    follows,    Dennis,    Andrew    J., 


Jacob  H.,  John,  Mrs.  Charity  Hutchinson, 
Mrs.  Catherine  Dunham,  and  Edwin  P.,  our 
subject.  The  family  moved  to  Osburn  county, 
Kansas,  in  1870,  then  to  Sherman  county,  Ne- 
braska, in  1878,  and  in  1886,  they  came  to  the 
Colville  valley,  where  the  father  took  a  home- 
stead near  Meyers  Falls.  On  July  26,  1892, 
Mr.  Rounds  married  Miss  Elizabeth  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Morris)  Weed,  na- 
tives of  New  York.  She  was  born  in  Lincoln, 
Nebraska,  and  came  with  her  parents  to  the 
Colville  valley  in  1888.  Her  father  was  a  har- 
ness maker  and  farmer,  and  is  now  living  on 
the  homestead  near  Meyers  Falls,  which  he 
took  when  he  came  here,  being  a  well-to-da 
citizen. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  \\''eed  have  eight  children : 
Charles,  James,  Harvey,  Mrs.  Rounds,  Cooper, 
Stephen,  Raymond,  and  Burnette.    On  account 

of  the  poor  health  of  his  wife,  and  also  his  fa- 
ther, our  subject  and  his  wife  together  with  his 
parents  made  an  extended  tour  of  the  south- 
western part  of  the  United  States,  and  Old 
Mexico,  by  wagon,  visiting  the  most  noted 
places  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and  con- 
tinuing on  the  road  for  several  years.  The 
wife  was  greatly  improved  in  health  but  the 
father  died  at  Adam,  California,  and  was  buried 
there  by  the  Masons.  Then  they  turned  home- 
ward, arriving  in  Meyers  Falls  in  1897.  As 
stated  above,  in  1900,  Mr.  Rounds  took  his 
present  place,  and  has  since  been  known  as  one 
of  the  progressive  and  good  substantial  citizens 
of  Okanogan  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rounds 
have  adopted  one  child,  Ethel. 


FRANK  A.  BLOCK  is  one  of  the  men  who 
have  taken  hold  with  their  hands  to  make  the 
reservation  country,  which  they  opened  in  the 
fall  of  1900,  to  blossom  as  the  rose,  and  become 
one  of  the  most  fruitful  sections  of  Washing- 
ton. His  labors  in  this  line  have  met  with  good 
success,  and  his  farm  place,  which  lies  three 
miles  southwest  from  Molson,  shows  evidence 
of  thrift,   industry,  and  prosperity. 

F"rank  A.  Block  was  born  in  Defiance  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  on  Augnist  27,  1864,  the  son  of 
George  H.  and  Mary  (Forest)  Block,  natives 
also  of  the  Buckeye  state.  The  father  served 
three  months  in  the  Civil  War,  being  then  dis- 
charged on  account  of  disability,  which  resulted 


578 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  his  death  in  1868.  The  mother's  father, 
Jonathan  Forest,  was  a  brother  of  General  Na- 
than B.  Forest.  Onr  subject  was  one  of  three 
children,  himself  the  oldest;  William  B.,  an 
electrician  in  Spokane;  Georgiana,  wife  of 
Charles  F.  Speith,  who  owns  the  farm  adjoin- 
ing our  subject's. 

Frank  A.  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  after  which  he  commenced  working  in 
a  store,  and  followed  this  occupation  until 
1890,  when  he  came  west  to  Nebraska.  On 
November  28,  1889,  he  married  Miss  Edith, 
daughter  of  David  and  Louisa  (Person) 
Thompson,  natives  of  Ohio.  Mrs.  Block  was 
born  in  Paulding  county,  Ohio,  on  February  6, 
1867.  Her  father  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  and 
died  August  10,  1893.  The  mother  had  pre- 
viously died  in  1877.  To  this  worthy  couple, 
eight  children  have  been  bom,  Mrs.  Anna 
Hanenkratt,  Stephen  S.,  Ezra  R.,  Ella,  Mrs. 
Block,  Charles  S.,  Amos  and  Clarence. 

In  February,  1890,  Mr.  Block  and  his  wife 
came  to  Stratton,  Nebraska,  and  there  farmed 
until  1894.  In  that  year  they  traveled  by 
wagon  to  Alberta,  Canada,  and  after  one  year 
returned,  locating  at  Phillipsburg,  Montana. 
Later  they  went  to  Idaho,  and  then  to  Ore- 
gon, and  finally  returned  to  Montana.  It  was 
in  the  spring  of  1900,  that  Mr.  Block  came 
to  Republic,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year,  he  lo- 
cated his  present  place.  The  farm  is  a  good 
one,  all  fenced,  and  about  one  half  in  cultiva- 
tion. He  has  a  house,  barn,  young  orchard, 
and  plenty  of  water,  and  also  owns  some  stock. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Block  have  three  children,  Forest 
H.,  born  April  12,  1891  ;  Floyd,  born  July  13, 
1892;  Gladis  E.,  born  April  2,  1901. 


HARRY  VAN  BRUNT,  who  resides  at 
Wauconda  postoffice  in  Okanogan  county,  is 
one  of  the  thrifty  and  well-to-do  young  men 
of  the  county.  He  is  certainly  making  a  very 
commendable  showing,  in  that  he  commenced 
four  years  ago  with  practically  no  property, 
and  now  has  a  good  holding,  being  one  of  tlie 
leading  stock  men  of  his  vicinity. 

Harry  Van  Brunt  was  born  on  November 
28,  1868,  in  Jasper  county,  Illinois,  the  son  of 
John  and  Nancy  G.  ( Britton )  Van  Brunt,  na- 
tives of  Indiana.  He  grew  up  in  Illinois,  and  in 
April,   1880,  started  across  the  plains  in  wag- 


ons, with  his  parents.  They  made  their  way 
direct  to  Spokane  county,  and  the  father  settled 
near  Cheney,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  there. 
The  mother  died  in  the  spring  of  1883,  ^^^^  her 
husband  is  still  living  on  the  old  homestead. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen,  our  subject  began  the 
conflict  of  life  for  himself,  making  his  initial 
entry  in  riding  after  stock  in  the  Palouse  and 
Big  Bend  countries.  Later,  he  came  to  Okano- 
gan county  and  was  teamster  at  the  Indian 
school.  On  October  16,  1895,  ^^^-  ^  '*"  Brunt 
married  Miss  Annie  Ingrim,  who  was  born  at 
Fort  Colville,  in  1877.  In  June,  1896,  Mr. 
Van  Brunt  made  settlement  on  his  present 
place,  which  consists  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  first  class  land.  He  has  a  fine  timothy 
meadow,  and  the  estate  is  well  improved  with 
house,  barn,  outbuildings,  and  fences,  and  has 
plenty  of  good  water.  Mr.  Van  Brunt  started 
with  a  very  few  head  of  cattle  that  he  was  en- 
abled to  pick  up,  and  now  has  a  large  band  of 
stock,  being  one  of  the  heaviest  stockholders  in 
this  part  of  the  country.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Van  Brunt,  three  children  ha\-e  been  born, 
Ralph  E.,  Grace  M.  and  Henry  R. 


JOHN  Y.  PHILLIPS  is  to  be  classed  as 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  this  northwest 
country  and  a  record  of  his  travels  and  ex- 
periences during  those  days  would  make  a  very 
interesting  volume.  It  is  with  pleasure,  there- 
fore, that  we  mention  the  salient  points  of  the 
same. 

John  Y.  Phillips  was  born  in  Boone  count)', 
Missouri,  on  May  30,  1839,  the  son  of  John  Y. 
and  Margaret  (Ward)  Phillips,  both  of  whom 
died  in  1847.  Our  subject's  uncle,  Hiram 
Phillips,  was  the  judge  of  Boone  county  and 
was  appointed  guardian  of  the  orphans  and  es- 
tate of  the  elder  Phillips,  deceased.  In  1853, 
John  Y.  came  with  his  brother,  Newton,  who 
had  previously  been  to  California,  across  the 
plains  with  a  band  of  cattle  to  California.  They 
were  ten  months  en  route.  Newton  Phillips  is 
now  a  wealthy  land  owner  of  Fresno.  Cali- 
fornia. In  1855,  our  subject  returned  to  Mis- 
souri, and  four  years  later  crossed  the  plains 
with  about  five  hundred  head  of  stock  cattle.  It 
was  in  1862,  that  he  came  to  Florence  and 
mined  there  and  in  adjacent  camps.  Afterward, 
he  passed  through  the  Lolo  trail  to  East  Ban- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


579 


nock,  then  was  at  Alder  Gulch,  where  he  did 
placer  mining.  In  1886,  he  went  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  was  one  of  forty-fi\-e  men  who 
chartered  the  steamer  Growler  and  went  to 
Sitka,  Alaska.  They  met  with  indifferent  suc- 
cess, as  regards  mining,  and  the  next  trip  the 
steamer  was  lost  with  all  on  board.  We  next 
see  him  in  Seattle,  whence  he  went  to  Mon- 
tana; then  he  came  to  the  Similkameen  ri\'er, 
just  above  Oroville,  in  1868,  where  he  did 
placer  mining,  clearing  about  twenty-five  dol- 
lars per  day.  The  next  summer,  he  was  with 
William  Hall  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pend  d'Ore- 
ille.  Mr.  Hall  afterwards  discovered  the  fam- 
ous Hall  mines  in  British  Columbia.  In  1871, 
Mr.  Phillips  went  to  the  Priest  river  mines,  in 
British  Columbia,  then  settled  on  a  ranch  in 
Mason  valley  and  took  up  stock  raising.  In 
1885,  he  moved  his  property  to  Toat's  coulee 
creek,  near  ]\Ir.  Thorp's  ranch,  where  he  owns 
a  ranch.  During  the  winter  of  1889-90  he 
lost  one  hundred  and  forty-three  head  of  cat- 
tle, and  the  next  spring  he  came  to  his  present 
place,  three  miles  east  of  Anglin,  being  the  first 
settler  on  Bonaparte  creek. 

Mr.  Phillips  married  an  Indian  woman  and 
has  two  children,  Charles,  and  Martha,  wife  of 
J.  C.  Patterson  of  this  county.  Mr.  Phillips  is 
a  good  substantial  citizen  and  has  been  very 
successful  in  handling  cattle,  having  some  fine 
thoroughbreds  now. 


THOMAS  S.  ANGLIN  is  a  general  mer- 
chant on  Bonaparte  creek,  in  Okanogan  coun- 
ty. He  is  a  genuine  pioneer  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  following.  He  was  born  on  May  10,  1857, 
in  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  the  son  of  Joshua 
T.  and  Elizabeth  (Little)  Anglin.  The  father 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  crossed  the  plains 
from  Iowa  to  California  with  ox  teams,  in 
1849,  taking  part  in  the  first  gold  excitement. 
Later  he  came  on  to  Douglas  county,  Oregon, 
and  took  up  a  general  merchandise  business  at 
Canyonville.  He  participated  in  the  Rogue 
River  Indian  war,  and  died  at  Shasta  county, 
California,  in  1891.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  came  with  her 
parents  in  an  ox  train  from  Illinois  to  Utah  in 
1855.  The  next  year  they  made  their  way  to 
Douglas  county,  Oregon,  and  she  died  in  Ste- 
vens county,  Washington,  in  1899,  aged  sixty- 


six.  To  this  worthy  couple,  five  children  were 
born,  as  follows:  Thomas  S.,  the  subject  of 
this  article;  Mrs.  Kate  McAlpin;  Elmer  E. ; 
Mrs.  Susan  Pierce;  and  Charles  A.  Thomas 
S.  was  but  two  years  old  when  the  family 
moved  to  Salem,  Oregon,  and  in  1868,  they 
moved  to  Amity.  Later  he  traveled  with  them 
to  Colusa  county,  California,  whence  in  1871 
they  went  to  Shasta  county.  He  was  well  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  in  the  various  places  where 
they  had  lived,  and  in  1880,  came  to  Whitman 
county,  Washington,  and  there  on  June  26, 
18S1,  he  married  Miss  Olive  Richardson,  who 
was  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  July  17, 
i860.  Her  father,  Andrew  J.  Richardson,  was 
born  in  Indiana,  and  married  Alary  J.  Gallaher. 
He  crossed  the  plains  in  1850,  and  settled  in 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  a  donation  claim.  His 
death  occurred  in  Athena,  in  that  state,  in  1880. 
The  mother  crossed  the  plains  in  1844  with  her 
parents,  and  died  in  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington, in  1897^  in  her  sixty-third  year.  To 
them  the  following  children  were  born,  Frank 
A..  [Mrs.  Ella  Gay,  Morgan  A.,  William  C, 
Ruth  Rooks,  Mrs.  Amy  C.  Daniels,  deceased: 
George  H.,  i\Irs.  Elva  V.  Daniels,  and  Mary 
E.,  deceased. 

Soon  after  his  marriage,  Mr.  Anglin  took  a 
homestead  near  Colton  in  Whitman  county, 
and  gave  his  attention  to  farming  until  1892, 
when  he  moved  into  Colton  and  took  up  the 
butcher  business.     Six  years  later  he  came  to 

I  Gift'ord,  Stevens  county,  and  engaged  in  gen- 
eral merchandising.    In  1899,  he  located  a  gen- 

I  eral  merchandise  store  at  Kettle  Falls,  which  he 
still  owns.  In  September,  1902,  he  came  to  their 
present  home  place,  and  located  forty  acres  of 
land.  He  immediately  erected  a  store  build- 
ing and  a  residence,  and  put  in  a  very  large 
stock  of  goods,  perhaps  the  largest  in  the  res- 
er\-ation  portion  of  Okanogan  county.  It  is 
complete  and  well  selected  for  the  needs  of  this 
section,  ai:d  he  has  gained  a  fine  patronage. 

On  October  29,  1902,  he  succeeded  in  get- 
ting a  post  office  established  at  his  place.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anglin,  five  children  have  been 
born,  named  as  follows:  Walter  E.,  in  Port 
Ludlow,  Washington;  Ethel  C,  wife  of  John 
Buckland,  near  x\nglin:  Grace  I.,  attending  the 
high  school  at  Walla  Walla :  Thomas  S. :  and 
Raymond,  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  ?ilrs.  Buck- 
land,  one  child.  Garnet  Irene,  has  been  born,  it 
being  the  first  grandchild  oi  our  subject.     Mr. 


58o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Anglin  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
and  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  having  filled  all  the  chairs,  and  of  the 
W.  W. 


CHARLES  S.  McFARLAXE  gives  his 
attention  largely  to  farming  and  stock  raising. 
He  is  established  about  one  half  mile  west  from 
Anglin  post  office  in  the  valley  of  Bonaparte, 
being  also  a  skillful  blacksmith.  He  has  erected 
a  shop  and  does  work  in  that  line  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  surrounding  country.  His 
place  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  valley  and  was 
located  on  October  lo.  1900.  He  took  up  the 
third  water  right  on  the  creek  and  has  a  valu- 
able estate.  He  has  already  dug  various 
ditches,  fenced  the  land,  put  a  large  portion  un- 
der cultivation,  erected  a  fine,  commodious  resi- 
dence, put  about  three  acres  in  orchard  be- 
sides various  other  improvements,  all  of  which 
indicate  the  industry  and  energy  of  Mr.  Mc- 
Farlane. 

Charles  S.  McFarlane  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber 7,  1862,  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  the  son  of 
John  W.  and  Lucinda  (Godfrey)  McFarlane. 
The  father  was  born  in  Alaine  and  during  the 
last  thirty  years  of  his  life,  followed  black- 
smithing.  His  wife  was  born  in  a  log  house  in 
Bachelor's  Grove  where  Chicago  is  now  sit- 
uated. It  was  afterwards  used  for  a  school 
house  and  later  was  torn  down  and  the_  wood 
made  into  canes  as  relics  of  the  first  house  in 
Chicago.  ]\Ir.  Solomon  Godfrey,  the  father  of 
Mr.  ]\IcFarlane's  mother  was  one  of  the  very 
first  settlers  in  that  vicinity.  In  1849,  he  went 
to  California.  His  wife,  the  mother  of  Mrs. 
McFarlane,  died  in  Spokane  in  1900,  aged 
seventy-four.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McFarlane  six 
children  were  born :  Charles  S.,  the  subject  of 
this  article;  Frank,  ISIrs.  Mary  Pixlee,  George, 
Harry  and  Airs.  Nellie  Waterhouse. 

Charles  S.  went  with  his  parents  to  Sioux 
City,  Iowa,  in  early  days  and.  in  1874,  went  to 
Pueblo,  and  then  to  Del  Monte,  California. 
There  his  father  was  master  mechanic  in  Sen- 
ator Bowen's  large  stamp  mills.  In  April, 
1885,  the  family  landed  in  Spokane  as  the  final 
incident  of  an  overland  trip  from  Colorado. 
Our  subject  then  entered  partnership  with  his 
father,  in  farming  and  stock  raising  and  soon 
came  to  Brewster  with  a  band  of  cattle.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster  at  Olema,  having  come 
there  in  the  spring  of  1891.    In  1898,  he  came 


to  the  vicinity  of  Wauconda  post  office  and  lo- 
cated a  mining  claim,  where  he  erected  a  road 
house  and  also  cut  bunch  grass  for  hay,  which 
found  a  ready  sale  in  Republic  at  forty  dollars 
per  ton.  Then  as  stated  above,  he  located  his 
present  ranch,  where  he  has  lived  since. 

In  April,  1893,  -^^r.  McFarlane  married 
Miss  Louise  Frees,  a  native  of  Denmark,  where 
her  mother  is  still  living.  The  father  was  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  and  died  there  sometime 
since.  Mrs.  McFarlane  came  with  her  brother 
to  the  United  States  in  1890  and  settled  in 
Okanogan  county.  To  this  marriage,  four 
children  have  been  born,  Frank  W.,  Frederick 
M.,  Toroda,  and  Edgar  A.  Toroda  was  born 
at  Toroda,  and  the  miners  being  very  anxious 
that  she  should  receive  the  name  of  the  camp, 
bought  her  a  verj'  fine  watch  with  that  name 
engraved  upon  it  and  she  is  now  known  as 
Toroda.  Mrs.  McFarlane's  mother  is  now 
living  at  Spokane,  aged  sixty-four. 


HIRAM  A.  HUNTLEY  is  one  of  the 
brave  men  who  hazarded  their  lives  to  save  the 
Union.  His  war  record  is  one  in  which  he  may 
take  pardonable  pride  and  will  be  mentioned 
later  in  this  article.  At  the  present  time  he  has 
a  good  standing  among  the  prosperous  farmers 
and  stock  raisers  of  Okanogan  county  and  re- 
sides five  miles  southwest  of  Anglin  post  office 
in  what  is  now  known  as  Chewelah  valley. 

Hiram  A.  Huntley  was  born  in  Machias, 
Maine,  on  August  5,  1848,  the  son  of  John  and 
Ellen  (Robinson)  Huntley.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Halifax  and  came  to  Maine  when  a 
young  man.  He  soon  went  to  sea,  later  became 
captain  and  followed  that  life  until  his  death, 
in  1872.  The  mother  was  born  in  Maine  and 
her  ancestors  were  all  seafaring  people.  Eight 
children  were  born  to  this  union,  two  of  whom, 
our  subject  and  Fanny  M.,  a  milliner  in  Boston, 
are  the  only  ones  now  living. 

Hiram  A.  grew  to  manhood  in  Maine  and 
there  received  his  education.  In  the  fall  of 
1863,  being  then  a  mere  lad,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  Thirty-first  Maine  Infantry  and 
was  soon  plunged  in  the  terrors  of  battle.  He 
participated!  in  the  struggles  at  Petersburg, 
Cold  Harbor,  Shenandoah,  Richmond,  and 
others.  He  was  under  General  Hancock  and 
although  he  was  in  the  most  severe  fights  of 
the  war,  he  was  never  wounded.    He  was  mus- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


581 


tered  out  at  Portland,  Maine,  at  the  end  of  the 
struggle  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
Sedgwick  Post,  No.  8,  of  Spokane.  Following 
his  martial  life,  Mr.  Huntley  took  up  the  livery 
business  in  his  native  place. 

On  April  19,  1869,  he  married  Miss  Laura, 
daughter  of  Christopher  and  Clarissa  (Had- 
ley)  Cole,  and  a  native  of  Maine.  Mr.  Cole 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Halifax,  and  followed 
lumbering  all  his  life,  until  he  retired  from 
business.  He  was  a  very  prominent  man  in 
the  state  and  is  now  living  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Hadley.  His  wife  was  born  in  Maine,  and 
died  in  1865.  Our  subject  came  to  California 
in  1875,  and  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  in 
San  Francisco.  Later  he  took  up  sawmilling 
in  Humboldt  county,  and  in  1881  came  to  Walla 
Walla.  He  went  thence  to  the  Wood  river 
mines  and  in  1884,  landed  in  Spokane.  Two 
years  later  he  went  to  British  Columbia  and  as- 
sisted in  the  discovery  of  the  mines  at  camp 
McKinley.  After  this,  he  located  at  Ruby  and 
did  mining  and  also  operated  a  hotel  there. 
Next,  we  see  him  at  Grand  Forks,  British  Col- 
umbia, in  the  general  merchandise  business. 
Four  years  later,  on  October  10,  1900,  he  lo- 
cated his  present  place,  which  is  a  good  estate. 
It  is  about  half  in  cultivation  and  is  supplied 
with  residence,  large  barn,  plenty  of  water  and 
a  good  orchard.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huntley, 
one  child,  Leone  C,  was  born.  March  28,  1884. 


fertile  and  supplied  with  natural  advantages, 
such  as  timber,  water  and  so  forth,  while  Mr. 
Stofferan  has  already  made  a  good  many  im- 
provements. He  does  general  farming  and 
stock  raising. 

Mr.  Stofferan  has  traveled  a  great  deal  in 
his  day,  has  been  in  twenty-two  states  of  the 
Union  and  has  followed  his  trade  in  nineteen 
of  them.  He  is  a  skilled  carpenter  and  does 
carpenter  work  in  addition  to  his  other  occu- 
pations. 

Mr.  Stofferan  helped  to  organize  the  Col- 
umbian Knights  and  is  a  member  of  that  order. 
He  also  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  having 
passed  the  degrees  of  that  order.  On  January 
26,  1897,  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stofferan,  one  child 
was  born,  Mary.  They  are  good  people  and 
have  manifested  a  commendable  industry  in 
their  efforts  to  develop  this  western  country. 


LOUIS  STOFFERAN  resides  about 
five  miles  southwest  of  Anglin  post  office.  He 
was  born  on  February  6.  1863,  in  Chicago, 
Illinois.  His  father,  Paul  S.,  was  a  native  of 
Germany  and  came  to   the   Laiited   States   in 

1852,  locating  in  Chicago  the  next  year,  where 
he  is  now  living  a  retired  life,  aged  seventy- 
two.  He  married  Miss  ]\Iary  Fleece,  also  a 
native  of  Germany,  who  came  to  Chicago  in 

1853,  and  died  in  1897.  Our  subject  received 
a  good  common-school  education.  In  1894  he 
married  Miss  Heelen  Stedman.  Her  parents, 
Nelson  and  Harrietta  (Reed)  Stedman,  were 
natives  of  New  York,  and  early  pioneers  to 
Ford  county,  Illinois,  where  they  both  died.  In 
1896  our  subject  came  west  with  his  wife  and 
located  in  Northwest  Territory,  Canada.  They 
traveled  to  various  places  in  British  Columbia, 
and  finally  on  January  7,  1902,  located  their 
present  estate.     The  land  is  all  under  fence,  is 


GEORGE  COOPER  is  owner  and  operat- 
or of  the  Hotel  Cooper  at  Riverside,  Washing- 
ton. The  house  is  a  two  story  structure  with 
twelve  sleeping  apartments  besides  other  rooms 
and  is  furnished  and  handled  in  a  very  tasty 
and  pleasant  manner.  Mr.  Cooper  enjoys  the 
patronage  of  the  traveling  public  and  is  es- 
teemed a  genial  and  affable  host. 

George  Cooper  was  born  on  December  3, 
1852,  in  Staffordshire,  England,  the  son  of 
Job  and  Harriet  (Deacon)  Cooper,  natives  of 
the  same  place.  The  father  was  a  coal  miner 
and  came  to  the  United  States  in  i860,  and 
enlisted  in  the  Civil  war.  He  fought  in  a  Penn-- 
sylvania  regiment  all  through  the  war  and  was- 
in  many  hard  battles.  After  the  war  he  did 
coal  mining  until  1880,  the  time  of  his  death.- 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  land 
and  began  working  in  the  coal  mines,  which  oc- 
cupation he  followed  until  1870,  when  he  came 
with  his  mother  and  three  brothers  to  the  Uni- 
ted States  and  joined  the  father  in  Allegheny 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  did  mining  there 
until  1879,  when  he  came  to  Leadville,  Colo- 
rado. He  returned  to  Pennsylvania  and  in 
1886  came  to  Tacoma,  Washington.  The  next 
spring  we  find  him  at  Salmon  City,  now  Con- 
conuUy,  where  he  did  prospecting  and  mining. 
He  resided  in  the  old  town  of  Ruby  and  later 
engaged  in  raising  stock  on  Scotch  creek,  where 
he  took  a  homestead,  which  is  a  valualjle  piece 
of  land  to-day.    The  place  is  well  improved  and 


582 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


produces  an  abundance  of  hay  and  so  forth. 
Later  Mr.  Cooper  sold  his  stock  and  in  April, 
1903.  bought  the  Riverside  Hotel,  which  he  is 
operating  as  stated  above.  In  1875  he  took  a 
trip  to  England  and  there  on  October  25.  the 
same  year,  married  IVliss  Sarah  Hallam.a  native 
of  Staffordshire.  Her  parents  are  deceased. 
Mr.  Cooper's  mother  is  living  with  her  son, 
John  Cooper,  at  Morriston,  Ohio,  being  in  her 
eightieth  year,  strong  and  active. 

Mr.  Cooper  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W. 
He  is  conservative  in  politics  and  is  a  man  of 
sound  principles  and  practical  ideas. 


WALTER  BOWN  resides  about  one  mile 
southeast  of  ConconuUy,  where  he  devotes  him- 
self to  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  born 
in  Sherbrooke,  Canada,  June  20,  1832,  being 
the  son  of  Henry  and  Jennette  (Wilcox) 
Bown,  natives  of  England  and  New  York,  re- 
spectively. When  two  years  of  age,  our  subject 
came  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  with  his  parents  and 
when  he  was  sixteen,  the  family  moved  to 
Peoria,  Illinois.  In  1857  he  went  to  Johnson 
county,  Kansas,  and  located  a  preemption  on  an 
Indian  reservation.  In  the  spring  of  i860  he 
went  to  Pike's  Peak  and  followed  mining  and 
freighting  until  the  fall  of  1863,  when  he  en- 
listed in  Company  B,  Third  Colorado  Infantry, 
which,  one  year  later,  was  attached  to  the  Sec- 
ond Colorado  Cavalry.  They  were  sent  to  Mis- 
souri and  participated  in  the  terrible  battles 
against  Price,  and  there  our  subject  received 
a  wound,  the  bullet  entering  his  face  and  com- 
ing out  at  his  neck,  which  though  very  serious 
kept  him  in  the  hospital  only  twenty  days.  He 
participated  in  a  great  many  battles  and  skir- 
mishes, the  terrible  fights  with  the  bushwhack- 
ers, being  the  most  dangerous  of  the  war.  In 
December,  1864,  'lis  regiment  was  returned  to 
Leavenworth  and  then  ordered  to  escort  the 
United  States  mail  from  Earned,  Kansas,  to 
Fort  Lyons,  Colorado,  a  distance  of  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  miles.  They  did  considerable 
fighting  with  the  Indians  but  carried  the  enter- 
prise through  successfuly  and  remained  on 
duty  until  1865.  Then  he  was  ordered  to  Fort 
Leavenworth,  where  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged, being  first  sergeant.  Mr,  Bown  ex- 
perienced much  of  the  hardship  of  a  soldier's 
life,  it  being  especially  rigorous  on  account  of 
his  being  on  the  border  and  in  constant  ser- 


vice. On  the  day  following  his  discharge  he 
reutrned  to  Peoria  county,  Illinois,  and  at  Lan- 
caster, in  that  state,  he  married  Miss  Emma 
Minnick.  In  1869  they  moved  to  Barton  coun- 
ty, Missouri.  Four  children  have  been  born 
to  them,  Kate  S.,  wife  of  Charles  A.  Philhour, 
a  passenger  engineer  on  the  Santa  Fe  railroad 
living  in  Lajunta.  Colorado;  William  W.,  a 
machinist  operating  an  engine  at  the  Stem 
Winder  mill  at  Fairview,  British  Columbia; 
Frances  Maud,  a  school  teacher,  living  at  home ; 
Edward  J.,  at  home,  now  handling  the  mail 
from  ConconuUy  to  Loomis. 

Mrs.  Bown  died  on  November  9,  1880,  in 
Barton  county,  Missouri.  In  1889  Air.  Bown 
came  with  his  people  to  Sprague,  Washington, 
and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  In 
1890,  he  brought  some  cows  to  ConconuUy 
and  operated  a  dairy  there  for  two  years.  He 
located  his  present  place  when  he  first  came 
here,  which  is  a  good  piece  of  land  and  well  im- 
proved. Mr.  Bown  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A. 
R.,  also  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  He  took  a  trip  to 
Illinois  in  1898  and  visited  his  home  lodge  from 
which  he  had  been  absent  for  thirty  years  and 
found  many  of  the  old  associates  still  in  har- 
ness. 


MATTHEW  D.  GRIFFIN,  who  resides 
three  miles  south  of  Tonasket,  on  the  Okano- 
gan river,  is  one  of  the  heavy  property  owners 
and  large  stock  men  of  the  county.  He  is  a 
man  of  knowledge  and  good  executive  ability, 
as  will  be  noticed  by  the  following: 

Matthew  D.  Griffin  w^as  born  in  Athens 
county,  Ohio,  on  March  21,  1851,  the  son  of 
Daniel  and  Rhoda  (Fleak)  Griffin,  both  na- 
tives of  Ohio.  The  father's  father  fought  in 
the  war  of  181 2.  The  parents  are  now  both 
deceased.  The  mother  passed  away  in  1902, 
aged  eighty-seven.  Our  subject  was  favored 
with  a  good  common-school  and  academic  edu- 
cation, completing  the  same  in  Tupper  Plains 
Academy  in  Meigs  county,  Ohio.  Following 
this  he  taught  school  in  West  Virginia  for  two 
terms,  then  studied  medicine  for  two  years  but 
never  practiced.  Returning  to  Ohio,  he  was 
married  in  1874,  in  Athens  county.  Miss 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Louisa  (Han- 
nis)  Burdette,  becoming  the  bride  at  that  time. 
She  was  a  native  of  Belmont  county  as  were 
also  her  parents.  Her  father  died  in  1901, 
aged  ninety-eight  and  her  mother  in  the  spring 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


583 


of  1903.  During  the  centennial  year  Mr.  Grif- 
fin went  to  West  Virginia  and  in  1883,  came 
west  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  railroad  in  the 
Northwest  Territory,  where  he  did  construc- 
tion work.  He  also  had  large  contracts  later, 
on  the  Northwestern  and  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  roads.  In  addition,  he  was  a  railroad  con- 
tractor on  dififerent  lines  through  Nebraska, 
Texas,  Kansas  and  so  forth,  also  on  the  Bear 
river  canal  in  Utah  and  the  New  York  canal  at 
Boise,  Idaho.  It  was  largely  an  irrigation  en- 
terprise. During  the  construction  of  the  Great 
Northern,  he  did  the  construction  for  the  shops 
at  Hillyard  and  other  heavy  work  along  the 
line. 

The  fall  of  1892,  Mr.  Griffin  settled  on  the 
homestead  ten  miles  below  Oroville,  where  he 
immediately  went  into  general  farming  and 
stock  raising.  In  1896  he  was  elected  county 
commissioner  on  the  Democratiq  ticket  and 
gave  good  service  for  two  years.  He  sold  the 
ranch,  then  bought  his  present  place,  which  is 
an  estate  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres, 
valuable  for  general  farming  and  hay  raising. 
He  has  a  fine  eleven-room  residence,  large  barn 
and  other  buildings,  with  plenty  of  water  to 
irrigate  the  entire  estate.  His  stock  consists  of 
cattle  and  horses,  mostly,  although  he  raises 
some  hogs.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Griffin,  have 
been  born  the  following  children :  Frank, 
married  to  Maude  Dougherty,  now  living  at 
Pentickton,  British  Columbia:  Nerea  B.,  de- 
ceased; Edward  R.,  married  to  Deborah  Sy- 
mons,  who  is  now  residing  with  our  subject, 
her  husband  having  died;  Arthur  J.,  at  home, 
and  Roscoe  C,  at  home. 

Mr.  Griflin  is  a  man  who  deserves  and  re- 
ceives the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know 
him,  being  a  man  of  good  principles  and  public 
spirit. 


MATHIAS  GARIGEN  landed  in  the  old 
town  of  Ruby  on  the  27th  day  of  May.  1886, 
with  a  saddle  cayuse  and  a  month's  supply  of 
provisions  as  his  total  capital.  Now  he  owns 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land  six 
miles  southeast  from  Conconully  and  a  large 
band  of  cattle,  which  make  him  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  well-to-do  men  of  Okanogan 
county.  His  place  is  cultivated  in  good  shape, 
has  a  beautiful  six-room  residence,  plenty  of 
barns  and  outbuildings  and  two  windmills  and 
pumps,    besides    various   other    improvements 


which  make  it  a  very  valuable  place.  Mr. 
Garigen  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  on 
Happy  Hill  and  is  now  the  oldest  one  living 
there. 

Mathias  Garigan  was  born  in  Darien,  Gen- 
esee county.  New  York,  on  April  30,  1861,  the 
son  of  Nicholas  and  Agnes  (Gager)  Garig<;n, 
both  natives  of  Germany  and  now  residing  on 
the  old  homestead  in  New  York,  wealthy  and 
retired.  The  father  is  seventy-three  years  of 
age  and  the  mother  sixty-four.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  with  his  parents  and  received 
a  common-school  education  and  also  learned  the 
carriage-making  and  blacksmith  trades.  He 
followed  his  trades  in  various  places  in  New 
York  until  1894,  when  he  came  to  the  end  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  track  then  walked  a  dis- 
tance of  two  hundred  and  twenty  miles  to  the 
Columbia  river,  where  he  built  a  raft  and  made 
his  way  down  that  stream  to  where  Revelstoke 
now  is.  There  were  no  settlers  along  the  route 
and  he  had  a  very  rough  and  hard  trip.  He 
packed  his  provisions  on  his  back  and  had  prac- 
tically no  bedding,  which  lack  caused  him  great 
hardship  and  suffering.  He  came  to  Spokane 
in  1885,  then  went  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines, 
after  which  he  returned  to  Spokane,  then  went 
to  Colville,  and  later  to  Granite  creek  mines  in 
British  Columbia.  In  the  fall  of  1886  he  cut 
wood  in  the  Cascades  for  the  Northern  Pacific, 
then  worked  in  a  sawmill.  May  27,  1887, 
markes  his  arrival  at  Ruby  and  in  1888,  he  took 
his  present  place  as  a  homestead.  He  went 
east  on  a  visit  to  his  parents  in  1892,  and  came 
back  the  following  spring.  On  January  9, 
1894,  Mr.  Garigen  married  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Webb,  whose  maiden  name  was  Swisher.  She 
has  one  daughter,  Theresa  Webb,  by  her  for- 
mer marriage.  Mr.  Garigen  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  O.  W.,  and  was  the  first  council 
commander  and  fills  that  position  at  this  time. 
Mr.  Garigen  is  the  second  of  a  family  of  twelve 
children,  nine  of  whom  are  living.  In  August, 
1901,  he  went  east  to  visit  his  parents  and  also 
was  at  the  Pan  American  Exposition.  He  saw 
the  lamented  President  ^McKinley  and  also  wit- 
nessed his  remains  after  death.  In  1902  Mrs. 
Garigen  and  her  daughter  went  east  to  visit 
her  relatives  and  friends  in  Wisconsin  and 
Pennsylvania.  She  also  used  the  occasion  to 
visit  Mr.  Garigen's  people  in  New  York.  Mr. 
Garigen's  place  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
estates  in  the  county  and  shows  real  thrift  and 
industrv  in  the  owner. 


584 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


BILL  JOYCE  is  one  of  those  sturdy  char- 
acters whose  exploits  and  explorations  are  not 
confined  to  any  one  state  and  \\'ho  have  covered 
the  entire  western  portion  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada  as  well  as  Alaska.  He  has  shown 
himself  a  real  leader  of  pioneers,  and  a  man  of 
the  front  ranks  of  frontiersmen  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  ha\e  granted  him  space  in  the 
history  of  Okanogan  county. 

Bill  Joyce  was  born  in  Johnson  county,  Vir- 
ginia, on  January  ii,  1837,  the  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Callin)  Joyce,  both  natives  of  John- 
son county,  Virginia.  The  father  was  a  well 
educated  man  and  followed  teaching  during  his 
Hfe.  He  died  in  Young  county,  Texas,  in 
1879.  His  ancestors  were  from  Scotland  while 
the  mother's  people  came  from  England.  When 
our  subject  was  eleven  years  of  age,  he  went 
with  the  balance  of  the  family  to  Illinois,  and 
when  seventeen  he  joined  the  Texas  Rangers, 
under  Captain  McAdams.  In  this  capacity  he 
did  much  fighting  with  the  Indians  and  had 
many  close  calls.  On  one  occasion  he  took  a 
belt  from  an  Indian  supposed  to  be  the  son  of 
Chief  Lone  Wolf,  which  has  attached  to  it 
seven  white  scalps.  He  was  offered  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  for  the  belt,  but  refused  it. 
Afterwards  it  was  stolen.  After  four  years 
with  the  rangers,  Mr.  Joyce  went  to  trapping 
wolf  and  bear  in  various  places  through  Texas 
and  in  this  pursuit  he  had  some  of  the  most 
thrilling  adventures  which  it  is  the  lot  of  one 
man  to  experience,  both  with  savage  beasts 
and  Indians.  He  followed  hunting  and  scout- 
ing until  1 87 1,  then  went  through  Mexico  and 
Arizona  to  Bradshaw  City,  where  he  pros- 
pected. Twice  he  was  wounded  by  the  Indians 
and  many  times  he  was  ambushed,  making  his 
escape  only  by  hard  running.  During  these 
times  he  saw  the  first  Colt's  revolver  that  was 
made.  After  many  experiences  in  Arizona,  he 
came  to  Salt  Lake.  On  the  plains  east  from 
there  and  in  Wyoming;,  Kansas,  Colorado,  and 
in  Montana  he  did  trapping  and  hunted  buffalo. 
He  was  also  in  Idaho.  In  1881  he  went  to  San 
Francisco  and  took  the  steamer  Idaho  to 
Juneau,  Alaska,  after  which  he  went  to  Sitka, 
then  over  the  range  to  the  head  waters  of  the 
Yukon,  where  he  did  trapping,  prospecting, 
and  mining.  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  tell  in 
detail  the  arduous  labors,  many  narrow  escapes 
from  death  in  storm  and  by  other  casualties 
that  Mr.  Joyce  experienced  in  this  northwest 
countrv.     He  made  several   fortunes  in  these 


endeavors  and  lost  the  same.  He  finally  decided 
to  leave  the  bleak  north,  and  so  in  1899,  he 

found  his  way  into  the  Okanogan  country  and 
bought  his  present  place,  which  lies  four  miles 
west  from  Riverside.  The  estate  consists  of 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land,  all  fenced 
and  fertile.  It  is  improved  by  a  good  residence, 
large  barn,  orchard,  and  so  forth. 

Mr.  Joyce  has  a  nice  band  of  cattle  and 
horses,  all  needed  farming  implements,  and  he 
is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  this  section 
now. 

On  March  23,  1900,  Mr.  Joyce  married 
Miss  Julia  Nolte,  who  was  born  in  Salem, 
Oregon,  and  reared  in  Western  Washington. 
Her  father,  Frederick  Nolte,  married  Miss 
Julia  Schultz,  who  died  on  December  13,  1894. 
He  died  on  March  6,  1893.  Both  were  natives 
of  Germany.  Mrs.  Joyce  has  two  brothers, 
George  and  Charles,  both  well  known  on  the 
Sound.  At  the  time  of  the  Klondike  excite- 
ment, Mrs.  Joyce  went  to  Alaska  as  a  nurse 
and  Mr.  Joyce  met  her  at  Dawson.  She  spent 
a  year  and  a  half  there  and  was  the  first  white 
woman  to  ascend  the  Stewart  river.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Joyce  have  well  earned  the  quiet  retire- 
ment and  good  competence  which  they  enjoy. 
They  are  highly  respected  people  and  among 
the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county. 


JOHN  D.  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Sulli- 
van county,  Missouri,  on  March  15,  1850,  the 
son  of  David  and  Mary  (Humphreys)  Will- 
iams, natives  of  Illinois.  The  father  served  in 
the  Mexican  war.  Seven  children  were  born 
in  the  family,  Effie,  George,  David,  John  D., 
who  is  our  subject.  ]\Iinnie  Corbell,  Marvin  and 
May.  The  parents  came  across  the  plains  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  in  1850,  and  later  settled  in 
Douglas  county,  that  state.  In  i860  they  re- 
moved to  The  Dalles,  and  thence  to  Lewiston, 
Idaho.  Our  subject  rode  the  range,  and  in 
1875  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  where  he  packed 
for  General  Crooks.  The  Sioux  were  hostile 
then  and  he  experienced  much  danger  in  this 
service.  In  1876  he  journeyed  to  western 
Oregon,  then  to  Asotin  county,  \\''ashington, 
and  there  farmed  and  raised  stock.  In  1899 
IMr.  Williams  came  to  this  county  and  engaged 
in  the  stock  business  and  more  or  less  since  that 
time  he  has  given  attention  to  that  business. 
He  built  the  first  business  house  in  Riverside 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


585 


and  now  is  operating  a  retail  liquor  store  there. 
He  carries  a  choice  stock  of  liquors  and  to- 
baccos. In  addition  to  his  property  mentioned, 
Mr.  Williams  has  other  business  property  in 
Riverside  and  has  been  prospered  in  his  enter- 
prises. He  also  has  a  large  interest  in  the  ferry 
at  Riverside. 

On  March  6,  1883,  Mr.  Williams  married 
Miss  Luvina,  daughter  of  David  and  Amanda 
Morrow,  early  pioneers  of  Asotin  county.  The 
father  is  deceased,  but  the  mother  resides  there 
now.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  eight  chil- 
dren ha\-e  been  born,  Vernon,  Effie,  Clementine. 
Jennie,  Thomas,  Roy,  Rosa  and  Marvin. 


WILLIAM  R.  KAHLOW  owns  a  fine  es- 
tate adjoining  the  town  of  Alma,  Okanogan 
county.  In  addition  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising,  he  operates  a  good  hotel  and  feed 
stable.  He  is  also  proprietor  of  a  ferry.  He 
is  one  of  the  well  known  and  substantial  men 
of  the  county  and  has  shown  a  commendable 
spirit  in  his  labors  for  building  up  the  country. 

William  R.  Kahlow  was  born  in  Prussia, 
Germany,  on  September  27,  1838,  the  son  of 
Frederick  and  Mary  (Richter)  Kahlow,  both 
natives  of  the  same  place  in  the  Fatherland. 
On  June  21,  1851,  they  came  to  Henderson, 
Sibley  county,  Minnesota,  being  among  the 
earliest  settlers  there.  The  father  and  mother 
were  the  same  age,  were  married  when  about 
twenty,  lived  together  happily  until  seventy- 
five  and  then  died  on  nearly  the  same  date. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
where  he  lived  in  his  youthful  days,  and  as  soon 
as  he  was  able,  he  began  working  on  the  rivers. 
In  1862,  he  volunteered  to  fight  the  Indians  and 
was  in  the  horrible  massacre  of  1862,  during 
the  battle  of  Birch  Coulee,  where  eighteen  were 
killed  and  forty-five  wounded  out  of  150  men, 
or  where  twenty-four  hundred  white  people 
were  killed,  as  history  gives  it.  He  received  a 
slight  wound.  For  some  time  after  the  slaugh- 
ter he  was  busy  assisting  in  burying  the  dead. 
In  1868  Mr.  Kahlow  came  to  San  Francisco, 
having  gone  via  New  York,  Graytown,  in 
Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rico,  thence  crossing  the 
Andes.  Later  he  was  in  Portland,  then  went  to 
Alsea,  Benton  county,  Oregon,  where  he  bought 
a  farm,  but  which  he  sold  later.  He  now  owns 
four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  valuable  land, 
all  under  cultivation,  near  Pasco,  in  Franklin 


county,  Washington.  In  addition  to  farming, 
he  was  engaged  on  the  construction  of  the  Ore- 
gon and  California  railway,  and  later  was  con- 
tracting on  the  western  part  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  under  the  superintendence  of  H.  H. 
McCartney  and  later  H.  W.  Fairweather.  After 
this  he  was  in  Pasco,  and  in  1890  he  came  to 
his  present  home  place,  where  he  bought  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  located  at  the  mouth 
of  Salmon  creek.  It  was  known  as  Salmon 
Jim's  ranch,  the  first  Indian  ranch  in  the  county. 
He  has  his  place  well  irrigated  and  raises  alfalfa 
and  other  hay,  besides  handling  stock.  His 
farm  is  well  improved  and  he  has  a  large  eleven 
room  residence,  which  he  utilizes  for  his  hotel 
building. 

In  October,  1864,  Mr.  Kahlow  married  Miss 
Lois,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Maria  (Dick- 
enson) Harvey,  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Kahlow 
was  born  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  four 
children  are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage :  Alma, 
wife  of  Captain  C.  Hanson,  of  Seattle;  William 
H.;  Bert,  deceased;  lone,  wife  of  Ansel  S. 
Griggs,  vice-president  of  the  Columbia  & 
Okanogan  Steamboat  Company  of  Wenatchee. 
Alma  was  the  first  postmistress  of  Okanogan 
county  and  from  her  the  town  of  Alma  is 
named. 


JOSEPH  I.  POGUE,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  Okanogan  county  and  has  done  a 
lion's  share  in  the  development  of  the  county 
and  bringing  its  resources  to  the  attention  of 
the  outside  world.  He  is  a  physician  of  ability 
and  handles  a  good,  large  practice  with  great 
success.  In  addition  to  this,  the  doctor  has  set 
in  operation  and  brought  to  a  state  of  perfection, 
a  fruit  and  stock  ranch.  It  lies  three  miles  north 
from  Alma,  on  what  is  known  as  Pogue's  flat. 
His  estate  is  large  and  well  laid  out  and  every 
detail  manifests  the  skill  and  good  taste  of  the 
doctor.  He  owns  an  interest  in  the  Conconully 
reservoir  and  has  plenty  of  water  to  irrigate 
his  whole  farm.  He  raises  all  the  different 
\-arieties  of  fruit  indigenous  to  this  latitude,  and 
has  a  large  band  of  stock,  besides  doing  con- 
siderable general  farming.  He  has  one  field  of 
one  hundred  acres  which  produces  three  crops 
of  alfalfa  annually. 

Joseph  I.  Pogue  was  born  in  Hillsborough, 
Highland  county  Ohio,  on  August  14,  1848,  the 
son  of  Robert  G.  and  Nancy  (Irwin)   Pogue. 


586 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


The  father  was  born  in  Stanton,  Virginia,  and 
the  mother  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  The  paternal 
ancestors  were  residents  of  this  country  for  over 
ICG  years  anil  formerly  came  from  Ireland. 
The  father  died  in  1876,  aged  78  years.  He 
had  one  son  who  was  a  captain  in  the  ^^lexican 
war.  Our  subject's  mother  now  resides  near 
his  place,  upon  a  valuable  estate  of  one  quarter 
section.  She  is  aged  ninety-two.  Dr.  Pogue 
has  one  brother,  John,  living  near  Alma.  At 
the  age  of  six  our  subject  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Oswego,  Illinois,  and  after  graduating 
from  the  high  school,  matriculated  in  the  North- 
M  estern  University,  of  Chicago,  whence  h-;  took 
his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1877.  He 
commenced  practice  in  Wiota,  Cass  county, 
Iowa,  and  continued  there  very  successfully 
for  ten  years.  In  the  fall  of  1886,  he  came  to 
Tacoma,  then  went  to  North  Yakima,  and  later 
in  the  vear  located  on  his  present  place  in  Okan- 
ogan county.  After  discovering  the  product- 
iveness of  the  soil  and  the  abundance  of  water, 
he  determined  to  make  this  a  permanent  abode. 
Since  that  time  he  has  given  himself  steadily 
to  the  practice  of  medicine  and  also  has  super- 
vised his  farm  and  other  property. 

On  October  16,  1S79,  at  Atlantic,  Iowa,  Dr. 
Pogue  married  Marion,  daughter  of  Dr.  iNIoses 
and  Elizabeth  (Telford)  Buckley,  both  natives 
of  Washington  county,  New  York,  and  born  in 
in  September,  1831,  and  on  April  27,  1834,  re- 
spectively. Mrs.  Pogue  was  born  in  the  same 
county  on  April  5,  1856.  Dr.  Buckley  was  a 
very  successful  physician  until  his  death  in 
1872.  His  widow  then  went  to  Los  Angeles, 
California,  where  she  now  resides.  Her  father 
Mr.  Telford,  was  born,  raised  and  died  in 
Washington  county.  New  York.  His  demise 
occurred  when  he  was  sixty  years  of  age. 

To  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Pogue  three  children  have 
been  born :  Grace  L.,  attending  high  school  at 
Santa  Ana,  California;  Ethel,  deceased;  and 
Leta,  N. 

In  reference  to  the  doctor's  estate,  we  also 
wish  to  mention  that  he  has  a  large  fruit  dry 
house,  and  elegant  residence,  plenty  of  outbuild- 
ings and  a  commodious  barn.  The  home  is  sup- 
plied with  telephone  connections  and  the  place 
is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  valuable  estates 
in  the  entire  Okanogan  country.  Dr.  Pogue  is 
a  progressive  man  and  public  minded.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  county  commissioner  of  Okano- 
gan county,  his  name  appearing  on  the  Repub- 


lican ticket.  In  1902  he  was  elected  representa- 
tive to  the  state  legislature.  He  has  always 
labored  assiduously  for  the  betterment  of  edu- 
cational facilities  of  the  county  and  is  also  very 
prominent  at  the  con\'entions,  always  putting 
forth  the  best  principles  and  men.  Fraternally, 
he  is  affiliated  with  the  W.  O.  W.,  while  he  and 
his  wife  are  very  active  in  church  work. 


MICHAEL  MALONEY  is  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  Okanogan  county  and  has  shown  his 
skill  and  wisdom  in  that  while  he  came  here 
with  limited  means,  he  has  gained  a  nice  prop- 
erty, both  in  landed  estate  and  in  stock.  His 
farm  lies  about  thirteen  miles  southeast  from 
Conconully,  in  Spring  canyon,  and  is  a  good 
piece  of  land.  It  is  improved  in  good  shape  and 
shows  that  the  proprietor  is  no  novice  in  hand- 
ling an  estate  and  in  raising  stock. 

Michael  Maloney  was  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  on  December  6,  1859,  the  son  of  Tim- 
othy and  Betsey  (Wylie)  Malone}-,  both  now 
deceased.  Michael  lived  on  a  farm  until  he  was 
sixteen  years  old.  He  then  tried  his  hand  at 
lumbering  on  the  Ottowa  river,  which  occupa- 
tion he  followed  four  years.  He  came  to  Dead- 
wood,  South  Dakota,  in  1879,  and  there  re- 
mained for  two  years  mining  and  prospecting. 
After  that,  he  went  to  Miles  City,  Montana, 
and  then  prospected  in  the  Yellowstone  valley, 
worked  on  the  Northern  Pacific,  later  went  to 
the  Gallatin  river,  Montana,  then  to  Anaconda, 
in  that  state.  It  was  in  1888  that  Mr.  Maloney 
came  to  Okanogan  county.  He  mined  a  little 
during  the  first  two  years  and  he  has  engaged 
in  prospecting  off  and  on  ever  since.  His 
brother.  Ted,  who  is  mentioned  elsewliere  in 
this  work,  was  here  for  one  year  previous  to  the 
date  our  subject  came.  Ted  had  bought  a  ranch 
in  Okanogan  county  previous  to  Michael's  ar- 
rival and  the  brothers  owned  the  place  jointly, 
Michael  later  buying  his  brother's  interest,  and 
here  he  has  devoted  himself  to  stock  raising 
since.  He  has  the  place  well  improved,  but 
spends  most  of  his  time  with  his  brother,  since 
he  has  not  yet  left  the  realms  of  the  jolly  bach- 
elor to  try  the  uncertain  seas  of  matrimony. 
The  farm  produces  an  abundance  of  hay  for 
the  stock  and  is  well  watered  for  irrigating 
purposes.  Mr.  Maloney's  farm  is  one  of  the 
choicest  ones  of  the  county  and  it  is  handled  in 
a  very  becoming  manner. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


587 


In  addition  to  his  property  mentioned,  he 
also  has  some  very  promising  mining  property 
which  bids  fair  to  soon  become  one  of  the  valu- 
able shippers  of  the  county. 


WILLARD  K.  MUNSON  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  of  enterprise  who  have  assisted 
materially  to  make  Okanogan  county  one  of 
the  leading  political  divisions  of  the  state  of 
Washington.  He  has  labored  here  with  great 
zeal  and  wisdom  for  a  decade  and  a  half  and  is 
now  one  of  the  prominent  stock  men  of  the 
county.  The  home  place  is  about  seven  miles 
north  of  Malott  postotifice,  in  Spring  coulee, 
and  is  one  of  the  choicest  ranches  of  the  entire 
county.  It  is  very  fine  bottom  land  and  has 
been  improved  with  skill. 

Willard  K.  Munson  was  born  in  Inyo 
county,  California,  on  February  4,  1872.  His 
father,  Stephen  ]\Iunson,  was  born  in  the  state 
of  Maine  and  came  around  Cape  Horn  in  tiie 
sixties.  He  settled  first  in  Sacramento  county 
and  there  married  Miss  Ursula  Day,  also  a  na- 
tive of  Maine.  She  had  come  west  by  the  same 
route  as  her  husband.  Soon  after  the  marriage 
they  removed  to  Inyo  county  and  in  1884  they 
came  by  wagon  to  Umatilla  county,  Oregon. 
Two  years  later,  another  move  was  made  to 
Ellensburg,  Washington,  and  in  1887,  they  set- 
tled on  the  place  where  our  subject  now  lives. 
The  father  remained  there  until  his  death  in 
1889, being  then  sixty  years  of  age.  The  mother 
died  in  1895,  ^t  the  home  place,  aged  fifty.  To 
this  worthy  couple  seven  children  were  born,  six 
of  whom  were  natives  of  California.  The 
other  one  was  born  in  Umatilla  county,  Ore- 
gon. They  are  named  as  follows :  Mrs.  Olive 
Hilton,  of  Creston,  Washington;  Mrs.  Anna 
Walters,  of  Dawson,  Alaska;  Willard  K..  who 
is  the  subject  of  this  article;  Mrs.  Cora  Gamble, 
of  Brewster ;  Byron  and  Myron,  twins,  the  for- 
mer dwelling  in  Silver,  this  county,  and  the 
latter  married  to  Jessie  Carlton  and  also  liv- 
ing in  this  count*' :  Lewis  G.,  living  with  our 
subject.  Willard  K.  engaged  in  the  ?iock 
business  soon  after  coming  to  this  county  and 
when  the  parents  died  he  proved  up  on  the 
place  for  the  heirs.  He  has  a  large  interest  in 
the  estate  and  has  a  fine  band  of  cattle,  besides 
various  other  properties.  The  farm  is  well 
fenced,  irrigated  and  improved,  having  a  five 


room  residence,  large  barn,  three  acres  of 
orchard,  and  various  other  accessories.  The  land 
is  devoted  largely  to  hay,  both  alfalfa  and  tim- 
othy. When  our  subject  first  came  to  this  coun- 
try, there  were  scarcely  any  residents  and  they 
had  great  difficulty  in  getting  from  place  to 
place.  Mail  had  to  be  transferred  from  Ellens- 
burg and  letters  cost  ten  cents  apiece  in  addition 
to  postage.  The  country  abounded  in  game  and 
that  was  a  great  blessing  to  pioneers.  Our  sub- 
ject states  that  he  has  frequently  seen  droves 
of  deer,  often  as  large  as  fifty  in  a  band.  He 
had  very  limited  means  when  locating  here  but 
is  now  a  prosperous  citizen. 

On  March  29,  1901,  Mr.  Munson  married 
Miss  Winetta  Thodes.  They  are  esteemed  and 
respected  people  and  have  manifested  progres- 
siveness  and  uprightness  in  their  walk. 


LEONARD  C.  MALOTT  lives  at  Malott, 
Washington,  and  is  known  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  Okanogan  covmty.  He  was 
born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on  October  11,  1843, 
the  son  of  William  and  Mary  Malott.  In  1865 
our  subject  removed  from  his  native  place  to 
California,  and  there  married  Miss  Mary  Ham- 
ilton. Later  they  went  to  Nevada,  then  re- 
turned to  California.  From  California  they 
journeyed  north  and  in  August,  1886,  lo- 
cated on  their  present  place.  Mr.  Ma- 
lott brought  the  first  family  to  this  vicinity,  the 
other  settlers  there  then  being  bachelors.  Since 
those  early  days  Mr.  Malott  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  general  farming  and  stock  raising  and 
has  achieved  a  good  success  and  has  been  fa- 
vored with  good  prosperity  on  account  of  his 
industry  and  wisdom  in  managing  the  resources 
of  the  country. 

When  he  first  came  here  Mr.  Malott  got 
his  mail  from  Okanogan  City,  a  small  office 
where  Waterville  now  stands.  All  supplies 
were  freighted  in  from  Spokane  or  Spragne 
and  roads  were  poor  and  infrequent.  But  he 
has  steadily  labored  on  and  has  seen  the  wilds 
transformed  to  fertile  farms  and  the  country 
settled  by  progressive  and  industrious  people 
who  are  making  Okanogan  one  of  the  leading 
counties  of  the  great  state  of  Washington. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Malott  three  children  have 
been  born,  Mrs.  Ida  Bennett,  William  G.  and 
Reuben  L. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


TED  MALONEY  has  dwelt  in  Okanogan 
county  since  1897,  when  he  bought  a  squatter's 
right  to  his  present  place,  wiiich  is  about  four- 
teen miles  from  Conconully  on  the  Brewster 
road.  He  immediately  filed  a  homestead  right 
on  the  land  and  went  to  work  to  improve  it. 
Since  that  time  he  has  continued  in  raising  stock 
and  doing  general  farming  constantly.  He  has 
a  fine  farm,  all  irrigated,  and  productive  land. 
It  is  fenced  and  provided  with  orchard,  house, 
barn,  outbuildings  and  various  other  improve- 
ments. Mr.  :Maloney  came  here  with  very 
limited  means  and  by  his  industry  and  wise 
management  of  the  resources  placed  in  his 
hands,  he  has  become  to  be  one  of  the  wealthy 
stockmen  of  the  county.  His  place  bears  evi- 
dence of  thrift  and  care  and  his  stock  is  well 
bred  and  valuable,  while  his  other  property 
holdings  are  cared  for  in  the  same  manner. 

Ted  Maloney  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  June  6,  1861,  the  son  of  Timothy  and  Betsey 
(W'ylie)  :\Ialoney.  .  The  children  in  the  family 
are  mentioned  as  follows.  ]\Irs.  :Margaret  King, 
Michael,  the  subject  of  this  article,  and  Sarah. 
In  1880  Mr.  Maloney  came  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  in  Deadwood,  South  Da- 
kota, where  he  did  prospecting  and  mining. 
Later,  he  was  in  Miles  City,  and  then  along  the 
line  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  in  the  Yellowstone 
and  Gallatin  valleys.  \Yt  next  see  him  in 
Anaconda,  where  he  was  employed  in  a  saw 
mill,  from  which  place  he  came  to  his  present  lo- 
cation and  secured  it  as  stated  before.  He  was 
the  first  settler  on  Salmon  creek  and  has  done 
much  to  open  the  country  and  induce  worthv 
labor  in  the  same  line. 

On  July  4,  1892,  Mr.  ?kIaloney  married 
Miss  Grenva  M..  daughter  of  W'i'lliam  and 
Mar}-  McClure.  To  them  have  been  born  two 
children,  Sarah  E.  and  Robert  W. 


JAMES  A.  KIPER  is  a  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  residing  about  twelve  miles  west  from 
\^'auconda  postoffice.  upon  an  estate  he  secured 
from  the  government  by  homestead  right,  since 
the  reservation  opened.  He  has  bent  his  ener- 
gies to  improve  and  open  up  the  farm,  which  is 
good  evidence  of  his  industry  and  thrift.  He 
has  a  good  residence,  barn,  outbuildings,  fences, 
cultivated  fields  and  so  forth,  while  also  he 
owns  a  good  band  of  horses  and  some  cattle. 

James  A.   Kiper  was  born  on  January   i. 


1870,  in  Mason  county,  Missouri,  the  son  of 
Jesse  and  Sarah  E.  (Kiper)  Kiper,  natives  of 
Kentucky.  The  father  died  in  1873.  The 
mother  was  of  the  same  name  but  no  relation 
to  her  husband.  After  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band, she  married  John  Swan,  and  in  1875, 
accompanied  him,  taking  her  eight  children 
across  the  plains  in  wagons  to  Oregon.  She  is 
now  living  in  Harpster,  Idaho.  At  the  tender 
age  of  nine,  our  subject  started  in  life  to  make 
his  own  way  and  soon  fell  in  with  W.  \V.  Wil- 
son, with  whom  he  went  to  Big  Hale,  Montana. 
There  he  was  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Wilson,  who 
was  a  large  stock  man,  and  for  seven  years  rode 
the  range.  After  this  he  came  to  Oregon,  then 
went  to  Asotin  county,  W^ashington,  whence  he 
made  his  way  to  Camas  Prairie,  Idaho,  and 
dealt  in  horses.  He  shipped  three  car  loads  to 
Idaho,  then  came  back  to  the  Palouse  country 
and  was  also  through  the  Big  Bend.  Later, 
we  find  him  in  Northport,  mining  and  prospect- 
ing where  he  had  interest  in  several  properties. 
Next  he  went  to  Meyers  Falls,  whence  he  went 
to  Republic  and  when  the  boom  started  assisted 
to  erect  his  first  building  and  also  did  carpenter 
work.  Following  this,  on  February,  1901,  he 
came  to  his  present  place,  located  and  made 
entry  on  the  land.  It  is  a  piece  of  land  well 
supplied  with  water  and  ]Mr.  Kiper  is  fast  mak- 
ing it  a  pleasant  and  valuable  home  place.  ]\Ir. 
Kiper  has  been  a  real  disciple  of  Nimrod 
in  various  sections  and  many  a  bear,  cougar, 
elk  and  so  forth  fell  before  his  trusty  rifle.  He 
has  traveled  extensively  but  never  has  found  a 
place  to  live  in  better  than  Okanogan  county. 
Mr.  Kiper  can  tell  some  interesting  stories 
about  breaking  the  western  cayuse,  being  him- 
self also  an  exjiert  in  that  order. 


PETER  S.  SNEVE.  The  United  States 
is  greatly  indebted  to  the  efforts  of  those  people 
who  come  to  her  borders  from  Scandanavia. 
Not  least  among  this  class  are  those  wlio  have 
devoted  their  energies  to  tilling  the  soil.  And 
no  class  of  citizens  show  more  loyalty  to  the 
L'nited  States  and  her  institutions  than  these 
people.  Among  them  it  is  right  that  we  should 
mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  at  the 
present  time  resides  five  miles  southwest  of 
]\Iolson,  where  he  has  a  good  farm  and  devotes 
himself  to  raising  the  fruits  of  the  field  and 
stock. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


589 


Peter  Sneve  was  born  in  Thronhjen,  Nor- 
way on  August  2,  1879,  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Rhoda  Sneve,  natives  and  prominent  and 
wealthy  people  of  that  country,  now  being  in 
their  sixty-fifth  and  fifty-sixth  years  respect- 
ively. Our  subject  is  one  of  seven  children, 
named  as  follows;  Steve,  of  Chicago,  Illinois; 
Peter  S.,  our  subject;  Ole,  living  with  Peter; 
Gertie,  died  in  Spokane  six  years  since;  Lena, 
living  with  the  subject  of  this  article;  Elizabeth 
and  ]\Iary  still  in  Norway. 

Peter  Sneve  was  educated  well  in  his  own 
country  and  there  became  successful  as  a  car- 
penter. In  1899,  he  and  his  sister,  Lena,  deter- 
mined to  try  their  fortunes  in  the  new  world  and 
accordingly  shipped  for  New  York.  They 
made  their  way  to  Chicago  and  after  some  time 
came  to  Nelson,  British  Columbia  and  later  to 
Greenwood,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade.  Mr. 
Sneve  also  did  mining  and  when  the  reservation 
opened  in  1900,  he  located  his  present  place. 
He  has  good  land  and  has  improved  it  in  first 
class  shape  as  his  house,  barns,  orchards,  and  so 
forth  testify.  Being  one  of  the  first  to  locate, 
he  secured  a  first  class  ranch.  In  addition  to 
improving  his  ranch,  Mr.  Sneve  has  devoted 
considerable  time  to  work  at  his  trade  and  min- 
ing in  various  localities.  He  came  to  this  coun- 
try wth  very  little  means  but  has  secured  a 
goodly  holding,  while  his  thrift  and  industry 
indicate  that  he  will  soon  be  one  of  the  wealthy 
men  of  this  section.  To  his  credit  it  may  be  said 
that  ]Mr,  Sneve  has  thoroughly  mastered  Eng- 
lish and  can  speak  and  write  it  with  ease. 


FRANK  M.  FULTON  has  for  nearly 
twenty  years  been  a  resident  of  Central  Wash- 
ington. Although  he  lived  in  the  Methow  val- 
ley previously  he  has  since  secured  his  present 
location  after  an  absence  of  several  years.  He 
is  a  young  man  of  intelligence  and  uprightness 
and  has  manifested  himself  a  good  substantial 
citizen. 

Frank  M.  Fulton  was  born  in  Wise  county, 
Texas,  on  November  17.  1874.  the  son  of  Frank 
F.  and  Arbella  (Clemens)  Fulton.  The  father 
is  deceased  and  the  mother  is  handling  a  large 
stock  business  in  Washington.  In  1883  the 
family  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Ellensburg, 
where  young  Frank  completed  the  education 
that  had  been  begun  in  the  common  schools  of 


Texas.  When  fourteen  he  came  to  the  Methow 
valley  with  his  brother,  Lee  Fulton,  and  for 
four  years  labored  with  him  in  opening  up  the 
ranch  and  raising  stock.  Then  our  subject  re- 
turned to  Ellensburg  and  took  up  farming.  For- 
tune favored  him  and  he  continued  there  in 
prosperous  labors  until  the  spring  of  1903,  in 
managing  his  mother's  estate,  when  they  sold 
out  their  entire  holdings  for  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars and  at  once  returned  to  the  Methow  valley 
and  located  about  three  miles  south  from  Twisp. 
Mr.  Fulton  is  expecting  to  devote  his  time  and 
capital  to  the  stock  business,  and,  judging  the 
future  from  the  past,  we  may  safely  predict  for 
him  a  very  prosperous  career. 

On  January  31,  1900,  in  Ellensburg,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Fulton  married  Miss  Myra  L. 
Dodge  and  one  child  has  been  born  to  them, 
Frances  L.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fulton  are  excellent 
people  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  Methow  val- 
ley are  to  be  congratulated  upon  securing  them 
for  permanent  citizens.  Mr.  Fulton  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A. 


JOHN  C.  LAWRENCE.  This  veteran  of 
many  battles  in  life's  path,  has  so  conducted 
himself  that  he  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  all  who  have  known  him  during  the  years  of 
his  life.    He  is  also  a  veteran  of  the  Ci\-il  War. 

John  C.  Lawrence  was  born  in  Fleming 
county,  Kentucky,  on  October  6,  1820,  the  son 
of  Isaac  and  Mary  (Collins)  Lawrence,  also  na- 
tives of  Kentucky.  The  father  fought  in  the 
War  of  1812  and  died  in  1850.  His  father, 
Isaac  Lawrence,  the  paternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  with  two  brothers,  \\'illiam  and 
Benjamin,  fought  in  the  War  of  181 2.  This 
■worthy  patriot  lived  to  be  one  hundred  and  ten 
years  of  age.  He  was  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The 
mother's  father,  John  Collins,  and  two  of  her 
brothers  fought  in  the'  War  of  181 2.  Her 
brothers  were  Captains  Elisha  and  Robert  Col- 
lins. She  lived  to  be  ninety-seven  years  of  age. 
John  Collins  went  with  his  parents  to  North 
Bend,  Ohio,  when  a  child,  where  his  father 
died,  after  which  he  returned  to  Kentucky  with 
his  mother.  Then  he  went  to  Rush  county, 
Indiana,  and  there,  on  August  20,  1846.  married 
Miss  Deborah,  daughter  of  James  and  Deborah 
Sloan.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Monroe  county, 
Iowa.    He  had  volunteered  to  fight  in  the  ]Mexi- 


590 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


can  War,  but  failed  to  get  to  the  front  on  ac- 
count of  the  company  not  being  raised.  On 
August  lo,  1862,  Mr.  Lawrence  enhsted  in 
Company  D,  Thirty-Fourth  Iowa  Infantry,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Vicksburg,  Ar- 
kansas Post,  besides  many  others,  and  numer- 
ous skirmishes.  On  many  occasions,  bullets 
passed  through  his  hat  and  clothes,  but  he  was 
never  wounded,  although  he  saw  much  blood 
shed  and  many  comrades  were  killed  on  the 
right  hand  and  on  the  left.  He  was  later  taken 
sick  and  after  languishing  some  time  in  the 
hospital  at  Chicago,  he  was  finally  discharged, 
on  account  of  disability.  He  has  received  a 
twelve  dollar  pension  for  fifteen  years  and  has 
been  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  for  a  long  time. 
A  good  portion  of  Mr.  Lawrence's  life  was 
spent  in  Monroe  and  Montgomery  counties. 
Iowa,  while  he  also  lived  five  years  at  Parsons, 
Kansas.  His  wife  died  in  Montgomery  county, 
Iowa,  March  6,  1891,  in  her  sixty-fifth  year. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  ^Missionary  Baptist 
church,  as  is  also  our  subject.  To  them  were 
born  eight  children:  William,  deceased;  Mrs. 
Mary  Deem,  of  Oklahoma ;  James  JM.,  of  Par- 
sons, Kansas;  Mrs.  Elnore  Minard,  of  Cload 
county,  Kansas;  John  W.,  of  Montgomery 
county,  Iowa;  Mrs.  Clarissa  Hollenbeck,  of 
Oklahoma;  and  Oscar  N.,  who  married  Sarah 
Harbaugh,  and  has  a  homestead  four  miles 
south  of  Chesaw;  and  Frederick  L.,  of  Spo- 
kane. Oscar  X.  came  to  the  reservation  in 
March,  1903,  and  located  his  present  home- 
stead, while  our  subject  came  with  that  young 
man's  wife  and  children,  to  the  valley  later. 
Mr.  Lawrence  located  a  homestead  adjoining 
that  of  his  son,  which  is  mostly  good  land.  It 
is  pleasant  to  know  that  Mr.  Lawrence  is  so 
situated  financially  that  he  is  enabled  to  live 
retired  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He 
has  twenty-eight  grandchildren  and  tweh'e 
great  grandchildren. 


EMIL  VENTZKE  is  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Okanogan  county  and  has  shown  a 
spirit  and  industry  in  his  lalwrs  here  for  over 
fifteen  years.  To  such  men  as  he.  who  came  to 
the  wild  country  and  took  hold  with  their 
hands  to  open  up  the  ranches  and  develop  the 
resources  of  the  country,  are  we  indebted  for 
the  prosperous  and  thriving  condition  of  this 


pi»rtion  of  Washington.  It  is  with  pleasure, 
therefore,  that  we  grant  to  Mr.  X'entzke  repre- 
sentation in  this  chronicle  of  Okanogan  count)-. 

Emil  Ventzke  was  born  in  Germany  on 
February  4,  1867,  the  son  of  Theodore  and 
Caroline  Ventzke.  The  former  is  deceased  and 
the  latter  is  still  living.  The  family  made  their 
way  from  New  York  to  Portage.  Wisconsin, 
and  there  made  permanent  settlement.  The  fa- 
ther worked  at  his  trade,  shoemaking,  and  our 
subject  received  his  education  in  Portage,  re- 
maining there  until  1886.  In  that  year  he  took 
a  long  trip  westward  and  finally  located  in 
Crook  county,  Oregon,  where  he  followed 
farming  and  stock  raising.  Eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-eight  was  the  year  when  Mr.  \'en- 
tzke  came  to  Okanogan  county  and  took  up 
land  where  he  now  resides,  six  miles  north  of 
Winthrop,  by  squatter's  right.  He  has  since 
secured  title  by  homestead  to  his  valuable  farm. 
It  is  well  fenced  and  improved  and  produces 
abundant  crops  annually.  Mr.  Ventzke  de- 
votes himself  to  handling  cattle  and  is  now  in- 
terested in  several  promising  mining  properties. 

Fraternally,  he  is  aftiliated  with  the  F.  O. 
A.,  being  also  a  member  of  the  order  of  jolly 
liachelors. 


GEORGE  E.  NICKELL  resides  about 
three  miles  southeast  from  the  town  of  Twisp 
and  owns  a  good  estate,  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  which  are  first-class  alfalfa  land. 
His  place  is  well  improved  with  buildings, 
fences,  ditches,  and  so  forth,  while  an  orchard 
of  two  hundred  well  selected  and  choice  trees 
adds  both  beauty  and  value  to  the  farm.  Mr. 
Nickell  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and 
raising  stock  and  has  been  well  prospered  in 
his. efforts. 

George  E.  Nickell  was  born  in  Cass  county, 
Missouri,  on  October  21,  1867,  the  son  of  Isaac 
and  Isabella  (Humphreys)  Nickell,  natives  of 
\^irginia,  now  deceased.  When  our  subject  was 
five  years  old  the  family  removed  to  Wise 
county.  Texas,  where  he  remained  until  1888, 
receiving  in  the  meantime  a  good  education 
from  the  public  schools.  In  the  year  last  men- 
tioned Mr.  Nickell  took  a  long  journey  from 
Texas  to  Washington  and  his  selection  in  this 
state  was  his  present  place  in  the  Methow  val- 
ley. Since  that  time  he  has  been  one  of  the 
steady  and  sucesssful  laborers  in  building  up 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


591 


the  country  and  making  his  farm  one  of  the 
choice  ones  of  the  valley.  In  political  matters 
and  local  affairs  he  has  always  manifested  a 
keen  interest  and  is  placed  with  the  progressive 
and  bright  minded. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Nickell  and  Miss  Sally 
Barnett  was  celebrated  in  Wise  county  in  1887. 
Her  parents,  Wilson  and  Plythe  (Crisp)  Bar- 
nett, are  prosperous  stock  raisers  in  Texas  at 
the  present  time.  To  our  subject  and  his  es- 
timable wife  have  been  born  six  children  named 
as  follows:  Newton,  Benjamin  H.,  Walter, 
Carl,  Kate  and  Mable.  Mr.  Nickell  stands  well 
in  the  community  and  is  a  man  of  reliability 
and  integrity. 


JOSEPH  HALL  is  a  venerable  and  highly 
esteemed  citizen  of  Okanogan  county.  He  re- 
sides three  miles  south  from  Loomis  where  he 
has  a  fine  estate,  all  under  irrigation  and  ditch- 
ing and  well  improved  with  fences,  residence, 
barns,  orchards  and  so  forth.  He  settled  here 
in  very  early  day  and  has  labored  assiduously 
since  in  the  work  of  opening  the  country. 

Joseph  Hall  was  born  in  February  1 1,  1837, 
in  Slate  county,  Kentucky,  the  son  of  ^Villiam 
and  Anna  (Welch)  Hall,  natives  of  Tennessee. 
The  father  died  in  Edgar  county,  Illinois,  in 
1844,  and  the  mother  had  passed  away  the  year 
previous.  Our  subject  had  gone  to  Illinois  with 
his  parents  when  young  and  after  their  death, 
resided  with  an  older  brother.  He  had  four 
brothers  and  two  sisters.  In  1857,  they  went 
to  Missouri  by  wagon  settling  near  Kansas  City. 
When  the  war  broke  out  some  of  Mr.  Hall's 
brothers  enlisted  to  fight  for  the  L'nion  and 
some  supported  the  Confederate  cause  and 
joined  their  ranks.  Owing  to  this  serious  state 
of  affairs,  Mr.  Hall  determined  to  join  neither 
side  and  so  bought  a  wagon  and  came  west. 
He  was  married  on  July  28,  1859.  at  Wyan- 
dotte, Kansas,  to  Sarah  J.  Wilkes,  a  native  of 
Illinois.  Her  father,  Francis  Wilkes,  was  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  while  her  mother.  Sarah 
J.  (Stanford)  Wilkes  was  born  in  Ohio.  Mr. 
Hall  was  accompanied  on  his  journey  to  Colo- 
rado by  his  wife  and  her  parent?.  They  mined 
in  that  country  until  1865.  then  joined  a  large 
train  of  about  one  hundred  wagons  and  came 
overland  to  the  vicinity  of  Pendleton,  Oregon. 
The  Indians  were  very  hostile  and  they  saw 
various  skirmishes  and  one  battle  between  them 


and  the  soldiers.  Mrs.  Hall  had  two  brothers 
where  they  settled  in  Oregon  and  one  that 
was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Cayuse  Indian  war.  In 
1 87 1  Mr.  Hall  located  land  near  Colfax,  Wash- 
ington, whence  also  his  wife's  parents  came  the 
following  year  and  made  their  home  with  them 
until  their  death.  The  mother  died  in  1874 
and  the  father  in  1878.  When  the  Palouse 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  was 
built,  Mr.  Hall  did  ten  miles  of  grading  and  re- 
ceived the  reward  of  having  the  best  piece  (jf 
grading  on  the  road.  In  1886  he  had  freighted 
and  in  1888  moved  his  family  to  his  present 
home.  In  the  winter  of  1889  and  1890,  Mr. 
Hall  lost  most  of  his  cattle  on  account  of  the 
hard  winter.  He  now  does  general  farming 
and  has  a  nice  band  of  stock.  On  May  31, 
1900,  Mrs.  Hall  was  called  across  the  river  of 
death,  having  been  the  mother  of  the  children 
named  below.  She  was  a  devoted  Christian 
woman  and  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
her.  The  children  mentioned  are  named  as 
follows:  Mrs.  Lenora  Fenn,  of  Seattle;  Jen- 
ettie,  wife  of  George  W.  Handlin,  of  Loomis: 
Joseph  A.  and  Josephine,  twins,  the  latter  be- 
ing the  wife  of  Sidney  Lansing,  of  Hilgard. 
Oregon;  Ida  L.,  wife  of  George  Bailey,  of 
British  Columbia.  Mr.  Hall  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  as  was  his  wife,  and  is 
a  man  whom  all  respect. 


LEE  IVES.  To  Mr.  Ives  belongs  the  dis- 
tinction of  locating  the  town  site  and  settling 
the  town  of  Pateros.  It  was.  in  1886  that  he 
first  settled  upon  the  land  now  occupied  by  this 
municipality  and  the  name  given  by  him  was 
Ives.  The  place  began  to  flourish  and  continued 
so  to  do  under  that  name  until  four  years  since, 
when  by  common  consent  it  was  changed  to 
Pateros.  Upon  settlement  here,  Mr.  Ives  built 
a  hotel  and  since  that  time  has  continued  in  the 
operation  of  the  same,  with  the  exception  of 
one  year.  He  now  has  a  fine  large  structure, 
well  appointed  and  conducted  in  a  first  class 
manner.  He  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  good 
host  and  a  favorite  with  the  traveling  public. 
Industry  and  dispatch,  characterize  the  place 
and  during  the  outing  season.  Mr.  Ives  is  fav- 
ored with  a  large  trade  from  tourists,  and  each 
year  shows  the  place  to  be  more  popular  and 
more  largely  patronized.      In  addition  to  the 


592 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


hotel,  he  is  operating  a  first  class  livery  and 
does  a  good  business  in  this  line  also.  He  has 
the  largest  and  best  rigs,  good  stock  and  is 
known  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness. 

Lee  Ives  was  born  on  October  30,  1853,  in 
Marshalltown,  Iowa,  the  son  of  Allan  and  Mary 
(Dieter)  Ives,  both  natives  of  Ohio.  Ten  years 
later  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Nebraska  and 
thence  to  Joel  county,  Kansas,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  education  in  the  common  schools.  In 
1875,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Portland  and 
lived  in  that  state  for  one  year.  Then  he  came 
to  Washington  and  lived  in  Columbia,  later 
at  Klickitat,  then  in  Yakima  and  in  Kittitas 
counties.  Finally  he  came  to  the  place  where 
he  now  resides,  in  1886.  Mr.  Ives  is  a  real 
pioneer  and  showed  a  commendable  ability  and 
sterling  worth  in  the  establishment  and  erec- 
tion, afterward,  of  the  to\vn  of  Ives,  which  has 
become  the  beautiful  and  thriving  little  village 
of  Pateros.  He  has  also  shown- himself  to  be 
a  public  minded  and  progressive  man  and  has 
always  labored  assiduously  for  the  growth  and 
upbuilding  of  this  country. 

On  November  19,  1874,  in  Joel  county, 
Kansas,  Mr.  Ives  married  Miss  Rene  M., 
daughter  of  Riley  and  Caroline  (Meyers)  Ful- 
ler, natives  of  Michigan.  Mr.  Ives  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  one  of  the  old 
pioneers,  well  known,  and  is  a  good,  substantial 
citizen. 


FRANCIS  M.  WRIGHT  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place  in  1888.  His  farm  lies  about  one 
mile  west  from  Twisp  and  is  improved  in  good 
shape.  He  is  a  man  of  industry  and  upright- 
ness and  has  labored  here  steadily  since  settling 
with  display  of  characteristics  that  obtain  in 
the  stanch  American  pioneer  and  citizen. 

Francis  M.  Wright  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  Mississippi,  twelve  miles  below  Vicks- 
burg,  on  May  19,  1842,  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Cunningham)  Wright,  natives  of 
West  Virginia.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith 
and  pioneer  to  Mississippi.  In  1888  he  removed 
his  family  to  Hannibal,  Missouri,  and  in  1853 
made  the  great  journey  to  the  Sacramento  val- 
ley, in  California.  Our  subject  remained  there, 
securing  his  education  from  the  schools  of  the 
vicinity,  until  1875.  After  school  days  he  was 
engaged  in  farming  until  the  date  mentioned, 
when  he  sought  the  southern  part  of  Nevada 


and  there  continued  the  basic  art  of  farming 
for  five  years.  After  that  he  came  to  Kittitas 
county,  Washington,  and  in  that  section  did 
farming  and  stock  raising  until  1888,  the  year 
in  which  settlement  was  made  on  his  present 
place.  He  secured  it  through  squatter's  right 
and  in  1896  filed  on  the  place  as  a  homestead. 
He  has  a  sixteen  acre  meadow  and  four  acres 
in  orchard.  The  balance  of  the  farm  is  de- 
voted to  grazing  and  general  farming. 

]\Ir.  Wright  has  his  two  children  with  him 
on  the  farm,  their  names  being  Frank  M.  and 
^Maggie  E.  Politically  he  has  always  been  a 
Republican  and  among  other  offices  has  held 
that  of  county  commissioner.  In  this  capacity 
he  rendered  valuable  service  and  was  well  pleas- 
ing to  his  constituency. 


JOHN  H.  McDonald,  a  carpenter  and 
wheelwright,  is  a  much  respected  citizen  of 
]\Iolson.  He  was  bom  on  April  14,  1840.  in 
Nova  Scotia,  the  son  of  John  B.  and  Barbara 
(Smith)  McDonald.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  was  a  captain  for  a  great  many  years. 
He  was  a  well-educated  man,  and  the  last 
fifteen  years  of  his  life  were  spent  as  a 
minister  at  Jordan  Ferry,  Nova  Scotia, 
where  he  died  eighteen  years  since,  aged 
seventy-eight.  The  mother's  ancestors  were 
seafaring  people.  She  is  now  living  in  Dor- 
chester, Massachusetts,  aged  ninety-six.  Our 
subject  is  the  fifth  of  eleven  children,  six  of 
whom  are  still  living.  When  a  lad  he  went  from 
home  to  South  Thomaston,  Maine,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  went  to  sea.  He  soon  rose 
from  cabin  boy  to  seaman  before  the  mast,  then 
from  second  to  first  mate,  and  finally  was  cap- 
tain of  his  own  vessel.  He  traveled  to  various 
parts  of  the  world,  and  has  circumnavigated 
the  globe  several  times.  When  the  Civil  War 
broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  navy 
and  in  this  capacity  did  various  services  in 
many  parts  of  the  world.  After  the  war  he 
spent  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  on  the  sea. 

In  July,  1868,  Mr.  ]\IcDonald  married  Miss 
Barbara,  daughter  of  George  and  Flora  (Cam- 
eron) McKenzie,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia.  Her 
father,  who  was  born  in  Scotland,  came  to  Nova 
Scotia  when  a  young  man  and  followed  farm- 
ing and  fishing,  being  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  communitv.     He  is  now  deceased, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


593 


as  is  also  the  mother,  who  was  born  in  Scot- 
land. The  grandfathers  of  our  subject  and  his 
wife  were  pensioners  of  the  Forty-Second 
Highlanders  Regiment,  commonly  known  as 
the  "Black  Watch.'"  Following  his  marriage, 
which  occurred  in  Boston,  Mr.  McDonald 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1892,  when  he  moved 
to  Butte,  Montana.  Later  he  traveled  to 
Greenwood,  British  Columbia,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1898  engaged  there  in  the  livery  business. 
Thence  he  came  to  Chesaw  and  took  up  the 
feed  and  livery  business,  and  finally  in  1900,  he 
came  to  Molson,  where  he  has  continued  in  the 
same  line.  He  is  in  partnership  with  his  two 
sons,  Daniel  and  John,  the  firm  being  known 
as  J.  H.  McDonald  &  Sons.  They  now  own 
two  houses  and  a  fine  livery  barn  in  Greenwood 
and  also  two  houses  and  a  blacksmith  shop  in 
Chesaw,  and  a  residence  and  stables  in  Mol- 
som.  The  sons  have  good  homesteads  and  all 
their  places  are  well  stocked. 

Eight  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McDonald  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  namely, 
Daniel  C,  who  married  Isabella  Dunlap  and 
lives  near  Molson ;  Flora  B.,  wife  of  Charles  P. 
Friend,  who  is  now  deceased,  leaving  her  two 
children,  Harold  P.  and  Mercedes,  with  her 
parents ;  Barbara  E.,  deceased ;  Mamie,  a  gradu- 
ate of  Boston  high  school ;  Arville,  a  graduate 
of  the  Butte  high  school  and  now  the  wife  of 
William  Mitchell;  Etta  B.,  wife  of  Samuel 
Breslaux,  and  also  a  graduate  of  the  Butte 
high  school ;  George,  killed  in  a  warehouse  ex- 
plosion in  Butte,  and  John  R.,  at  home. 

Mr.  McDonald  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  lodge  for  thirty-seven  years,  and  is 
also  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  being  the  first  one  elected  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  and  a  stanch  Re- 
publican. 


IRA  ARBOGAST  is  one  of  the  young  men 
of  industry  who  have  come  to  make  Okanogan 
county  their  home,  and  enjoy  the  resources 
of  this  rich  section.  He  resides  three  miles 
south  of  Kipling,  where  he  has  a  section  of 
school  land  and  is  doing  a  general  farming  and 
stock  raising. 

Ira  Arbogast  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Kan- 
sas, on  January  6,  1871,  the  son  of  Henry  H. 
and  Fannie  (Fanchild)  Arbogast,  natives  of 
Illinois,  who  are  now  wealthy  people,  residing 


near  Ritter  Springs,  Granite  county,  Oregon. 
The  father  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-Second  Illinois  Infantry,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  the  battles  of 
Chattanooga  and  Kenesaw  Mountain  and  many 
other  battles  and  skirmishes  in  the  Civil  War, 
being  under  General  Logan,  and  with  Sherman 
in  his  famous  march  to  the  sea.  He  was  se- 
verely wounded  in  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain and  languished  in  the  hospital  for  four 
months.  After  serving  four  years  with  great 
credit  to  himself  and  good  to  his  country,  he 
received  an  honorable  discharge,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Illinois,  then  came  to  Kansas, 
whence  in  1888  he  came  to  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon,  finally  settling  in  his  present  home 
To  Mr.  Abrogast  and  his  wife  were  born  these 
children,  Mrs.  Eva  Bincley,  Ira,  who  is  our 
subject,  Eva,  Asa,  Henry,  John,  Roy  and  Fan- 
nie. Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  where  he  lived,  then  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  the  west.  Being  the  eldest  son,  he 
helped  his  father  in  the  care  of  the  stock,  and 
soon  took  entire  charge  of  the  same,  thus  be- 
coming a  skilful  stockman. 

Mr.  Arbogast  married  Miss  Addie  Leppo, 
a  native  of  Kansas.  In  1883  she  came  with  her 
parents  to  Pendleton,  where  recently  they 
both  passed  away.  In  the  spring  of  1892 
Mr.  Arbogast  sold  his  possessions  in  Ore- 
gon and  came  to  his  present  location,  where 
he  at  once  began  improvements  on  the  school 
land  mentioned,  and  devoted  himself  to  stock 
raising.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arbogast  four  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  Everet,  Ernest,  Elmer 
and  Edna. 


ANDREW  W.  JOHNSTON.  'Like  many 
of  the  now  prosperous  settlers  of  Okanogan 
county,  Mr.  Johnston  came  here  with  very  lim- 
ited means  and  has  gained  his  present  holdings, 
which  place  him  as  one  of  the  prosperous  men 
of  the  county,  by  taking  advantage  of  the  re- 
sources of  the  country  and  in  a  careful  and 
thrifty  manner  attending  closely  to  business. 
He  resides  three  miles  south  of  Oroville,  and 
gives  his  attention  to  raising  stock. 

Andrew  W.  Johnston  was  torn  in  Oshawa, 
Ontario,  on  August  12,  1867,  the  son  of  James 
and  Charlotte  (Best)  Johnston.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  a  skillful  cabinet 
maker.     He  came  to  Canada  when  young  and 


594 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  tliat  country  and  in  the  United  States 
worked  at  his  trade  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Canada.  The  mother,  who 
is  still  living,  was  born  in  Modoc,  Canada.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  in  the  excellent 
schools  of  Ontario  and  also  became  proficient 
in  bookkeeping.  After  this  he  was  fireman 
on  the  Michigan  Central  railroad,  commencing 
in  1883.  When  he  had  secured  sufficient  skill  to 
pass  the  examination,  he  operated  an  engine  on 
a  tug  boat  on  Lake  Huron.  In  1887  he  went 
to  Seattle  and  thence  to  Victoria  and  finally  on 
to  the  Fraser  river  country,  where  at  New 
W^estminster  he  worked  for  the  Brunette  Mill- 
ing Company.  In  1889  Mr.  Johnston  came  to 
Ellensburg,  Washington,  and  there  bought  a 
cayuse,  which  he  rode  to  the  Okanogan  country. 
His  uncle,  Arthur  Best,  and  his  brother,  James 
A.,  lived  here  then.  This  was  the  first  horse- 
back ride  Mr.  Johnston  had  ever  taken,  but  it 
was  not  his  last.  He  arrived  on  Sunday  with 
his  cayuse,  which  was  about  all  he  possessed. 
This  was  in  1889,  and  stores  were  very  scarce 
in  the  Okanogan  country.  Being  pleased  with 
the  country,  he  bought  a  portion  of  his  present 
ranch  from  his  uncle  on  time.  He  at  once 
started  to  work  raising  stock  to  gain  the  money 
to  pay  for  his  ranch.  This  done,  he  bought  a 
quarter  section  more  and  has  improved  the  same 
in  first-class  manner.  The  soil  is  very  rich  and 
produces  abundance  of  hay.  Mr.  Johnston  has 
a  large  band  of  cattle.  On  November  28,  1902, 
Mr.  Johnston  married  Miss  Mary  Thompson, 
a  native  of  Ontario.  She  came  out  west  with 
her  brother,  Robert  Thompson,  in  1900.  He 
was  formerly  a  shipping  clerk  for  a  large  con- 
cern in  Detroit,  and  is  now  ranching  in  this 
country  and  also  gives  attention  to  organizing 
Sunday  schools.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnston  are 
highly  respected  people  who  deserve  credit  for 
their  faithful  labors. 


MAJOR  ANDREW  J.  SQUIRES  is  to  be 
mentioned  among  the  earliest  pioneer  settlers 
of  Okanogan  county,  where  for  nearly  twenty 
years  he  has  labored  with  faithfulness  and  suc- 
cess, conducting  himself  in  such  a  manner  that 
he  is  esteemed  by  all,  and  has  won  many  friends. 
His  home,  which  is  a  farm  located  eight 
miles  southwest  of  Tonasket  postoffice,  is  very 
valuable.  One  hundred  acres  of  the  estate  is  ex- 
ceptionally fertile  land,  and  produces  bounteous 


crops  of  hay  and  the  cereals,  besides  fruits 
and  vegetables.  Mr.  Squires  handles  stock  in 
addition  to  general  farming  and  is  a  prosperous 
man. 

Andrew  J.  Squires  was  born  in  Kingwood, 
Preston  county.  West  Virginia,  on  November  4, 
1828,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Faucett) 
Squires.  The  father  was  born  in  the  south, 
and  died  recently  in  Virginia,  aged  ninety-nine. 
The  mother  died  in  Virginia,  aged  ninety.  Our 
subject  grew  up  in  West  Virginia,  and  received 
a  liberal  education,  after  which  he  devoted  him- 
self to  school  teaching,  and  taught  five  or  six 
}'ears.  When  the  war  broke  out,  he  was  in  the 
middle  of  a  term  of  school,  but  closing  the 
school,  he  immediatel}'  enlisted  on  the  Union 
side  in  Company  D,  Third  Virginia  Infantr}', 
as  a  private.  This  was  in  the  spring  of  1861. 
He  immediately  received  promotion  to  orderly 
sergeant,  and  continued  to  ascend  until  he 
reached  a  captaincy,  then  his  regiment  was  con- 
solidated with  the  Second,  and  the  allied  forces 
were  afterward  known  as  the  Sixth  West  Vir- 
ginia Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry,  of  which  our 
subject  was  appointed  major.  He  was  in  num- 
erous skirmishes,  and  participated  in  the  battles 
of  MacDowell,  Cross  Keys,  and  the  Second 
Bull  Run.  He  was  taken  prisoner  on  one  occas- 
sion  at  New  Creek,  West  Virginia,  but  escaped 
in  a  few  hours.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  his 
second  enlistment  was  nearly  out,  so  he  was  de- 
tained to  fight  Indians.  They  traveled  through 
the  Indian  Territory  to  Wyoming,  and  in  the 
winter  of  '65-6  built  Fort  Caspar.  He  was  in 
charge  of  this  construction  and  also  was  com- 
cander  of  all  troops  from  Fort  Larmaie  to 
South  Pass.  In  March  1866,  Major  Squires 
was  ordered  back  to  West  Virginia  to  be  mus- 
tered out.  He  served  five  solid  years  in  the 
army,  but  has  never  applied  for  a  pension.  Aft- 
er the  war  he  went  to  Michigan,  and  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  business  in  Detroit.  Later  we 
see  him  in  Missoula,  Montana,  whence  he  went 
to  Mission  Creek  and  took  up  mining.  This  oc- 
cupied him  for  a  decade,  and  in  18S4.  he  left 
British  Columbia  and  looked  around  for  a 
location.  Finding  his  present  place  as  good  as 
any,  he  took  it  by  squatter's  rights  in  1886.  His 
nearest  neighbor  was  sixteen  miles,  and  he 
knows  thoroughly  what  the  life  of  the  real  pio- 
neer means.  Mr.  Squires  has  a  fine  band  of 
cattle  and  other  stock.  Politically,  he  has  al- 
ways been  a  Republican.  It  is  of  interest  to 
note  that  Major  Squires  was  born  upon  the  day 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


595 


that  Andrew  Jackson  was  elected  president  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  that  reason  was 
named  after  that  celebrity. 


KARL  RUDOLPH  MULLER.  Among 
the  more  recent  settlers  of  Okanogan  county, 
we  have  the  pleasure  of  mentioning  the  subject 
of  this  article,  who  is  one  of  the  progressive 
and  substantial  citizens.  He  is  dwelling  about 
three  miles  northwest  from  Tonasket  postoffice, 
where  he  owns  a  quarter  section  of  land,  and  is 
giving  his  attention  to  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing. 

He  was  born  July  20,  1877,  in  Erie  county, 
Ohio,  the  son  of  Karl  and  Amelia  Muller,  na- 
tives of  Switzerland.  He  was  well  educated 
in  the  public  schools  in  Ohio  and  Kansas,  and 
remained  with  his  father  until  twenty-one.  His 
minority  \%'as  spent  on  a  farm  where  he  met  with 
the  invigorating  exercise  incident  to  rural  life. 
Soon  after  he  became  of  age  he  worked  out  for 
some  time  and  procured  a  team  and  wagon  for 
himself,  after  which  he  followed  farming  a 
short  time  in  Morris  county,  Kansas.  Then  he 
made  a  journey  to  the  Alberta  country,  Can- 
ada, and  returned  to  Kansas.  He  sold  his  prop- 
erty in  February,  1901,  and  came  to  join 
his  brother  in  Okanogan  county.  He  at  once 
selected  his  present  homestead  and  since  that 
time  the  two  brothers  have  been  laboring  to- 
gether in  partnership,  in  general  farming  and 
stock  raising.  The  parents  are  still  living  in 
Kansas.  These  young  men  have  made  for 
themselves  a  good  reputation  in  this  western 
country,  and  judging  from  the  past,  we  pre- 
sage for  them  a  bright  and  prosperous  future. 


WALTER  W.  CLOUD,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent business  men  of  Okanogan  county,  was 
born  in  Michigan  City,  Indiana,  on  August  25, 
1873.  He  is  the  son  of  Stephen  C.  and  Jennie 
(Wells)  Cloud,  who  now  reside  on  a  farm  near 
Loomis.     He  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters. 

Walter  W.  was  educated  in  Michigan  City, 
graduating  from  the  high  school  there  in  1803. 
He  followed  bookkeeping  in  his  native  city  for 
three  years,  then  came  to  Loomis  for  his  health. 
He  sought  out  door  exercise  for  one  year,  then 
engaged   with   the  Loomiston  Trading  Com- 


pan}',  which  is  now  known  as  the  Washington 
Commercial  Company  (Incorporated).  His 
first-class  ability,  keen  discrimination,  and  en- 
ergy have  placed  him  where  he  stands  at  the 
present  time,  joint  owner  with  the  company  and 
bookkeeper  in  charge  of  the  Loomis  branch. 
His  excellent  standing  throughout  the  com- 
munity is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  he  was 
elected  county  clerk  in  1898.  He  did  not 
qualify  for  the  office,  however,  preferring  to 
remain  with  the  company. 

On  November  30,  1899,  ^^-  Cloud  married 
Miss  Lina  May  Hunt,  a  native  of  East  Dover, 
\^ermont.  Mrs.  Cloud  was  educated  for  a 
teacher  and  spent  eight  years  in  the  work  Ijefore 
marriage.  She  had  come  west  for  a  visit  and 
was  teaching  at  Oroville,  Washington,  at  the 
time  of  her  marriage. 

Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cloud  are  devoted  mem- 
bers of  the  church.  Mr.  Cloud  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


FRANK  H.  CLERF.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  mention  this  enterprising  and  success- 
ful young  stock  grower,  since  he  has  wrought 
with  a  display  of  sagacity  and  thrift  that  have 
brought  him  a  magnificent  success,  and  also 
since  his  conduct  has  been  such  as  to  command 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 
He  is  the  largest  wool  grower  in  Okanogan 
county,  and  is  now  handling  twenty-five  thous- 
and sheep.  His  headquarters  are  located  fifteen 
miles  northeast  of  Loomis,  where  he  owns 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land  and 
rents  much  more.  The  land  is  all  devoted  to 
raising  hay  for  his  sheep. 

Frank  H.  Clerf  was  born  near  Pawnee  City, 
Nebraska,  on  April  5,  1878,  the  son  of  John  P. 
and  ]\Iary  (Mullen)  Clerf,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. The  father  came  to  the  United  States 
when  a  boy,  and  located  in  Nebraska.  Later 
they  came  west,  and  in  1885  located  in 
Kittitas  county,  Washington.  Our  subject 
is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren and  received  his  education  from  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  the  business  col- 
lege at  Tacoma.  The  father  is  one  of  the 
wealthy  land  owners  and  prosperous  stock 
raisers  of  Kittitas  county.  As  soon  as  our  sub- 
ject came  to  manhood  he  engaged  in  the  stock 
business    himself.      He    shipped    about    eight 


596 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


thousand  sheep  to  Montana,  and  after  handling 
them  there  for  some  time,  he  sold  out  and  lo- 
cated his  present  place.  He  then  bought  sheep 
in  different  localities  and  brought  them  to 
Okanogan  county,  and  since  that  time  has  de- 
voted himself  to  the  wool  growing  industry. 
Much  to  his  credit,  it  may  be  stated  that  he  has 
manifested  excellent  wisdom  and  intelligence 
in  this  line,  so  much  so  that  success  could  but 
attend  his  affairs. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Clerf  is  affiliated  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F..  being  the  first  one  initiated  in  the 
Okanogan  lodge.  Number  i86;  and  with  the 
W.  W. 

On  February  15,  1902,  Mr.  Clerf  married 
Miss  Mary  McDonald,  of  Spokane,  where  the 
nuptials  were  celebrated.  Mr.  Clerf  is  a  strong 
Republican,  of  the  kind  that  is  able  to  give  a 
reason  for  the  hope  that  is  in  him.  He  has 
overcome  the  obstacles  in  the  path  of  the 
wool  grower  and  is  esteemed  and  respected  by 
all  who  know  him. 


SAMUEL  J.  SINCOCK  has  shown  him- 
self to  be  one  of  the  most  energetic  and  stirring 
mining  men  of  Okanogan  county.  Of  late 
years  he  has  retired  more  from  this  line  of  work 
and  is  devoting  himself  to  farming.  His  estate 
is  located  ten  miles  southeast  from  Loomis,  in 
Horse  Springs  coulee,  where  he  has  a  quarter 
section  of  excellent  land,  which  is  producing 
abundant  crops  of  the  cereals  and  vegetables. 
He  also  raises  hay  and  some  stock. 

Samuel  J.  Sincock  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Cornwall.  England,  on  November  30.  1850, 
the  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Hasking) 
Sincock,  also  natives  of  Cornwall  county.  Our 
subject  gained  his  education  between  working 
hours  and  sleeping,  and  as  early  as  seven  years 
of  age  began  to  earn  his  own  living.  At  twelve 
he  began  working  in  the  mines,  the  first  day 
being  twenty-eight  hundred  feet  under  ground. 
When  nineteen  Mr.  Sincock  was  foreman  of 
the  timbering  department,  and  in  June,  1871, 
he  came  from  his  native  land  to  the  United 
States.  He  was  soon  in  the  Lake  Superior 
copper  region,  where  he  operated  as  shift  boss 
in  some  of  the  leading  mines. 

On  Augttst  15,  1874.  in  Michigan.  Mr.  Sin- 
cock married  Miss  Mar)'  Higgins,  also  a  native 
of  Cornwall  county.  England.  Three  years 
later  he  went  to  the  Cariboo  countrv,  British 


Columbia,  whither  his  father  had  preceded  him, 
and  for  fourteen  years  he  labored  there  in  pros- 
pecting and  placer  mining.  The  family  joined 
him  there  after  a  year  and  he  made  money 
rapidly,  but  afterward  lost  heavily.  Some  of 
the  time  he  operated  a  dog  train,  and  this  ar- 
duous labor  in  the  winter  was  attended  with 
great  hardship  and  suffering.  Many  nights  he 
slept  on  snow  fifteen  feet  deep.  In  1891  Mr. 
Sincock  went  to  Seattle  and  visited  a  sister 
whom  he  had  not  seen  for  twenty  years.  He 
soon  took  a  contract  for  mining  work  from  the 
Index  Company,  on  Index  Mountain.  In  the 
spring  of  1892  the  Baltimore  Mining  Company, 
of  Seattle,  sent  him  to  the  west  slope  of  Palmer 
Mountain,  where  he  took  charge  of  their  prop- 
erty. Then  later  he  went  to  prospecting  for 
himself,  and  finally  took  charge  of  the  Wehe 
consolidated  mines.  About  this  time  he  located 
his  present  farm,  and  soon  retired  to  it. 

Mr.  Sincock  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  has  passed  all  the  chairs.  He  was  delegate 
to  the  convention  at  Ellensburg  which  sent 
state  delegates  to  nominate  ^IcKinley.  He  has 
also  served  as  county  delegate  several  times. 

To  Mr.  and  Airs.  Sincock  six  children  have 
been  bom,  William  J.,  of  Calumet,  Michigan; 
Mary  J.,  a  graduate  of  the  state  university  in 
Michigan,  who  is  now  teaching;  Annie  A.,  a 
college  graduate,  teaching  in  Michigan ;  Samuel 
H..  of  Calumet,  Michigan;  Albert  C.  and  Her- 
bert S.,  both  attending  school  in  Michigan. 
Mrs.  Sincock  is  in  Calumet  now.  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  the  children  educational  ad- 
vantages. 


ROBERT  A.  GARRETT  is  one  of  the 
industrious  and  well  to  do  agriculturists  and 
stock  men  of  Okanogan  county.  His  estate  is 
situated  three  miles  south  from  Loomis,  and 
was  taken  by  him  under  the  homestead  act.  It 
is  well  improved  and  laid  under  tribute  to  pro- 
duce bountiful  crops  of  hay  and  other  fruits  of 
the  field.  Mr.  Garrett  has  his  place  well  irri- 
gated, which  makes  it  exceptionally  valuable. 
He  also  raises  considerable  stock,  as  cattle, 
horses  and  hogs. 

Robert  A.  Garrett  was  bom  August  11, 
1859,  in  Buncombe  county.  North  Carolina,  the 
son  of  John  and  Julia  (Wells)  Garrett,  natives 
of  South  and  North  Carolina,  respectively.  The 
father  served  through  the  Civil  War  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  is  still  living  in  North  Caro- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


597 


lina,  aged  eighty-five.  The  mother  died  in 
1898,  aged  seventy.  Our  subject  is  the  fourth 
of  a  family  of  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are 
now  in  the  east.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  place,  receiving  his  education  from  the 
public  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
went  to  the  mines  in  Colorado,  where  he 
wrought  for  three  years.  Following  this  he  re- 
turned home  for  a  visit,  and  in  1883  he  came  to 
Dayton,  \Vashington,  and  engaged  in  saw- 
milling.  He  then  wrought  in  Walla  Walla  and 
Ellensburg,  finally  locating  in  the  Columbia 
valley,  below  Portland,  and  bought  a  sawmill, 
which  he  operated  until  the  spring  of  1891.  In 
the  fall  of  that  year  Mr.  Garrett  came  to  his 
present  place,  and  here  he  has  lived  since.  For 
four  years  he  owned  and  operated  the  stage 
from  Oroville  to  Loomis,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  several  other  enterprises  besides  farming. 

In  1887,  while  at  Dayton,  Mr.  Garrett  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  E.  Brown,  who  was  born  near 
Salem,  Oregon.  Her  parents,  who  crossed  the 
plains  while  they  were  young,  were  married  in 
the  Williamette  valley,  and  later  removed  to 
Dayton,  where  they  died.  To  our  subject  and 
his  wife  four  children  have  been  born,  as  fol- 
lows, Elva,  Raleigh.  Bertie  and  Geneva.  Mr. 
Garrett  is  a  man  well  liked,  and  is  known  as 
one  of  the  thrifty,  upright  and  reliable  men  of 
the  county. 


HENRY  WELLINGTON,  deceased.  On 
June  4,  1903,  at  the  residence  of  William  H. 
McDaniel,  near  Loomis,  the  subject  of  this 
obituary  passed  through  the  closing  scenes  of  a 
most  active  and  useful  career.  Widely  known 
as  a  man  of  principle  and  uprightness  and  as 
one  of  the  estimable  pioneers  of  the  northwest, 
Mr.  Wellington  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle 
of  friends  and  when  the  time  came  to  commit 
his  remains  to  their  last  resting  place,  it  was 
amidst  the  largest  concourse  that  ever  gathered 
in  northern  Okanogan  county. 

Henry  Wellington  was  born  in  Peru,  Berk- 
shire county,  Massachusetts,  on  May  13,  1820. 
His  father,  Elisha  W.,  was  a  sturdy  New  Eng- 
lander  and  raised  five  boys  and  two  girls.  Our 
subject  studied  in  the  public  schools  and  com- 
pleted his  training  in  the  Westfield  state  nor- 
mal school.  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence  and 
research  and  was  accredited,  as  he  deserved,  a 
place  among  the  leaders.    In  his  yonger  days  he 


was  present  at  the  dedication  of  the  Bunker  Hill 
monument,  and  heard  the  great  orator,  Web- 
ster, in  one  of  his  great  speeches  at  that  occa- 
sion. He  was  also  present  at  the  inauguration 
of  William  Henry  Harrison.  In  1849  ^^• 
Wellington  sailed  from  New  York  to  Cali- 
fornia and  from  the  time  that  they  first  struck 
the  Gulf  stream  the  vessel  was  beset  with  storms 
and  finaly  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Chile. 
Sixty  days  were  spent  in  passing  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  where  they  picked  up  the  surviv- 
ors of  a  wrecked  ship.  One  year  from  the  time 
he  left  New  York  he  landed  in  California  and 
there  did  mining.  Later  he  was  in  the  Eraser 
river  country,  after  which  he  traveled  to  Flor- 
ence, Idaho.  With  a  party  of  prospectors  he 
started  over  the  Walla  Walla  trail,  for  Portland 
and  suffered  on  that  occasion.  In  his  efforts  to 
assist  his  comrades  Mr.  Wellington  frosted  his 
feet,  which  later  resulted  in  the  amputation  of 
one  of  them.  After  this  he  came  to  Colville, 
where  he  was  in  business  and  also  served  as 
county  commissioner  and  deputy  collector  of 
customs.  In  the  early  eighties  he  came  to  Okan- 
ogan and  engaged  in  the  cattle  business,  buying 
the  Phelps  and  Wadley  station,  now  known  as 
the  Loomis  ranch.  He  sold  this  to  Mr.  War- 
ring, who  lived  on  the  Okanogan  river,  where 
he  made  his  home  until  a  few  years  previous  to 
his  death.  During  this  year  he  resided  with 
W.  H.  McDaniels,  at  Loomis.  Mr.  Wellington 
had  nearly  lost  his  eyesight  from  the  effect  of 
cataract  and  had  spent  much  money  in  the  en- 
deavor to  be  free  from  it.  Although  Mr.  Well- 
ington accumulated  considerable  wealth  at  times 
he  was  in  moderate  circumstances  at  the  time  of 
his  demise.  Of  him  one  has  said,  "An  old 
school  gentleman,  combative  when  necessary, 
but  thoughtful  and  loving  with  his  friends.  His 
picturesque  physique  and  genial  personality  will 
be  missed  in  Okanogan  countv." 


ROBERT  R.  HARGROVE  is  well  known 
in  the  Okanogan  country  as  one  of  the  most  in- 
dustrious, energetic  and  skillful  mining  men 
of  the  district.  He  has  not  only  expended  a 
small  fortune  in  the  development  of  mining 
properties  in  this  section  but  has  also  individu- 
ally driven  hundreds  of  feet  of  tunnelling  and 
packed  tools,  blankets  and  food  through  the 
fastnesses  of  the  mountains  as  occasions  re- 
quired. 


598 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Robert  R.  Hargrove  was  born  in  Horse- 
head,  New  York,  on  June  13,  185 1,  the  son  of 
Ehnus  and  Susan  A.  (Wilson)  Hargrove,  na- 
tives of  Yates  county,  New  York.  He  was  one 
of  nine  children,  named  as  follows.  Benjamin 
F.,  William  H.,  Robert  R.,  John  A.,  James  L., 
Thomas  E.,  deceased,  Herman  H.,  Mrs.  Annie 
E.  Kenyon,  deceased,  jMrs.  Martha  E.  Howard. 
In  1856  the  family  removed  to  Bremer  county, 
Iowa,  and  in  1880  settled  near  Parker,  South 
Dakota,  where  the  father  died  in  1894,  aged 
eighty-four.  The  mother  passed  away  in  1901, 
in  her  eightieth  year.  Our  subject  had  very 
little  opportunity  to  gain  an  education,  but 
through  careful  study  and  personal  research  has 
made  himself  a  well  informed  man.  At  the 
early  age  of  twelve  he  began  the  duties  of  life 
for  himself  and  has  steadily  maintained  this 
ever  since.  While  his  parents  were  living  he 
was  frequently  found  at  their  home  on  visits. 

In  1873  h^  \yent  to  Lemars,  Iowa,  where  he 
was  engaged  with  R.  C.  Waples  until  1877  in 
running  a  coal,  lumber  and  wood  yard.  He  also 
shipped  live  stock  to  Chicago,  handling  many 
cattle,  hogs  and  horses.  Then  he  journeyed 
to  Colfax.  \\'ashington,  where  in  company  with 
Mr.  Waples  he  started  a  general  merchandise 
establishment  and  also  a  branch  store  at  Pa- 
louse,  yir.  Hargrave  sold  out  and  went  east, 
then  returned  to  Colfax  and  operated  the  Bald- 
win hotel  until  1879,  when  he  opened  a  saloon  in 
Spokane,  it  being  one  of  the  first  there.  During 
the  early  eighties  he  was  the  only  one  paying 
cash  for  county  warrants.  He  continued  busi- 
ness and  prospered,  handling  as  high  as  four 
saloons  and  two  restaurants  at  one  time.  He 
made  money  rapidly  and  spent  it  freely  and 
had  men  prospecting  in  various  sections  of  the 
country.  In  1888  he  sold  out  his  business  in 
Spokane  and  came  to  Okanogan  county  and 
since  that  time  has  allied  himself  assiduously 
with  the  mining  industry  of  this  section.  He 
had  a  good  residence  in  Conconully,  but  it  was 
destroyed  by  the  flood,  then  he  removed  to 
Loomis,  and  in  April,  1903.  bought  his  present 
residence,  one  mile  north  of  Conconully.  which 
was  formerly  owned  by  ex-Governor  Laughton 
and  is  a  large  nine  room  house,  pleasantly  lo- 
cated. 

Mr.  Hargrove  has  spent  in  all  over  fifteen 
thousand  dollars  cash  in  developing  mining 
properties  here  and  is  largely  interested  in  two 
groups   near     Conconully     and     others     near 


Loomis.  He  has  done  about  eighteen  hundred 
feet  of  tunnelling,  much  of  it  by  his  own  hands, 
and  one  of  his  properties  is  now  a  producer. 

On  June  24,  1882,  in  Spokane,  Mr.  Har- 
grove married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Belieu,  a  native  of 
Roseburg,  Oregon.  Her  father  was  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  and  crossed  the  plains  in  1849. 
He  settled  in  the  W'illamette  valley  and  there 
married  Miss  Margaret  Gage,  who  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  parents  when  young.  She  was 
a  relative  of  ex-Secretary  Gage.  They  are  now 
living  at  Danville,  Washington,  he  in  his  sev- 
enty-eighth and  she  in  her  seventy-second  year. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hargrove  four  children  have 
been  born,  Mabel,  deceased;  Robert  C.  born 
October  21,  1884;  Etna,  deceased;  William, 
born  August  i,  1893. 


WALTER  E.  LEWIS  is  recognized  by  all 
as  a  capable  man,  who  has  always  shown  sa- 
gacity and  uprightness  in  his  work  in  Okanogan 
county.  He  is  deserving  of  and  receives  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all,  and  has  many  friends 
in  every  quarter.  At  the  present  time  Air. 
Lewis  is  operating  a  dairy  on  his  farm,  about 
three  miles  north  from  Loomis.  It  is  a  good 
place  and  well  improved.  Plenty  of  pure 
water  is  at  hand,  and  the  orchard,  in  which  are 
all  varieties  of  fruit  known  to  this  section,  is 
well  irrigated,  while  other  improvements,  as 
comfortable  residence,  barns,  out  buildings, 
fences  and  so  forth  are  evidences  of  his  thrift. 
Mr.  Lewis  is  a  skillful  butter  maker  and  is 
handling  a  first-class  trade  at  the  present  time. 
He  owns  a  fine  band  of  stock  and  is  interested 
in  mining,  having  some  properties  that  are 
showing  up  well. 

Walter  E.  Lewis  was  born  in  Michigan,  on 
August  15,  1856,  the  son  of  Edward  C.  and 
Mary  A.  (Stone)  Lewis,  born  in  Gloucester- 
shire, England,  in  1835,  and  in  Delaware 
county.  New  York,  in  1835,  respectively.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  Mr.' Lewis  came  from  Michi- 
gan to  Nebraska,  whence  in  1880  he  journeyed 
to  Laramie  City,  Wyoming.  There,  on  Febru- 
ary 16,  1881.  he  married  Miss  Dorotha  J., 
daughter  of  John  and  Narcissus  Hixson,  both 
of  whom  died  in  Wyoming.  Mrs.  Lewis  is  a 
native  of  Dekalb  county,  Missouri.  Mr.  Lewis 
has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Addie  E.  Smith,  dwelling 
near  Loomis,  and  his  parents  both  reside  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


599 


Palmer  lake,  in  this  county.  While  in  Wy- 
oming he  followed  farming  and  stock  raising 
until  1885,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Kittitas 
county,  Washington,  and  engaged  in  the  dairy 
business  there  until  1893,  when  he  came  to 
Okanogan  county,  locating  on  his  present  place 
as  a  homestead.  In  addition  to  doing  a  dairy 
business  and  general  farming,  Mr.  Lewis  also 
raises  some  stock. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Mrs.  Lewis  is  a 
member  of  the  Rebekahs,  and  they  are  both 
greatly  interested  in  educational  progress,  al- 
ways casting  their  influence  for  better  facili- 
ties in  that  line.  Their  son,  William  C,  now 
aged  eighteen,  was  awarded  a  free  scholarship 
in  the  Agricultural  College  at  Pullman  by  the 
county  commissioners  of  Okanogan  county. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  both  Mr.  Lewis 
and  his  wife  came  from  their  eastern  home  all 
the  way  to  their  present  abode  in  the  west  by 
teams.  They  are  pleasant  and  good  people,  and 
it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  have  been  enabled 
to  grant  this  epitome  in  the  history  of  this  sec- 
tion. 


JOHN  W.  CARPENTER,  deceased.  The 
esteemed  subject  of  this  memoir  was  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  to  that  part  of  Okanogan 
county  where  his  widow  now  lives,  about  nine 
miles  northeast  from  Malott,  in  Spring  coulee. 
He  was  a  man  who  labored  hard  for  the  ad- 
vancement and  development  of  the  country  and 
was  respected  by  all.  His  death  occurred  on 
November  8,  1895,  at  the  old  homestead,  and 
his  remains  were  laid  to  rest  in  a  fitting  manner. 
He  was  one  whose  life  had  been  spent  in  in- 
dustry and  labor  for  the  benefit  of  all. 

John  W.  Carpenter  was  born  in  Concord, 
Vermont,  on  April  20,  1852.  His  ancestors 
were  traced  back  to  the  very  first  English  set- 
tlers on  American  soil  and  were  prominent 
people.  Mr.  Carpenter  crossed  the  plains  in 
early  days  and  settled  in  western  Oregon.  He 
was  married  on  June  i,  1870,  in  Polk  county, 
Oregon,  to  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Nathaniel 
and  Sarah  Newbill.  She  was  born  in  Petis 
county,  Missouri,  on  March  10,  1849,  ^"d 
crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  1851. 
They  settled  in  Yamhill  county,  Oregon.  Our 
subject  lived  in  different  places  in  Oregon,  for 
some  time  and  then  settled  near  Wilbur,  in  Lin- 


coln county,  Washington,  where  he  remained  a 
few  years.  In  1888  he  came  from  there  to 
Okanogan  county  and  took  as  a  homestead  the 
place  where  the  widow  now  resides.  It  was 
raw  land  and  the  country  was  wild.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Carpenter  had  a  hard  time  to  make  a 
start,  but  by  faithful  and  hard  labor,  they  suc- 
ceeded and  had  a  good  home  built  up  and  prop- 
erty around  when  he  passed  away. 

To  this  worthy  couple  five  children  were 
born :  James  L.,  married  and  living  on  a 
ranch  near  Riverside;  Benjamin  F.,  on  the 
home  place;  Nathaniel  E.,  married  to  Annie 
Robertson,  and  on  the  home  place  also ;  Charles 
T.,  married  to  Mary  Ruffenach,  and  living 
near  the  home  place;  William  W.,  on  the  home 
farm.  Mrs.  Carpenter  has  a  good  large  resi- 
dence of  twelve  rooms,  besides  bath  and  closets, 
which  is  one  of  the  largest  residences  in  the 
entire  county.  She  owns  the  homestead  and 
has  it  well  improved  and  producing  a  good  in- 
come. She  also  has  a  large  band  of  cattle  and 
deserves  great  credit  for  the  fortitude  and  wis- 
dom she  has  manifested  in  the  management  of 
afifairs  since  the  death  of  her  husband.  Mrs. 
Carpenter  belongs  to  the  Methodist  church  and 
the  children  have  been  reared  in  that  faith. 
They  are  all  good  substantial  people  and  have 
done  much  for  the  improvement  of  the  county. 


GEORGE  W.  MOORE  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Conconully,  where  he  op- 
erates a  first-class  meat  market.  He  is  also 
occupied  with  stock  raising  and  general  farm- 
ing, having  a  farm  nearby  which  is  principally 
devoted  to  raising  hay.  His  cattle  number 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  head,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  successful  and  prosperous  men  of  the 
entire  county. 

George  W.  Moore  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county,  Ohio,  his  home  being  at  the  extreme 
southern  end  of  Ohio.  The  date  of  this  event 
was  September  6,  1855,  and  his  parents  were 
Firman,  who  was  born  and  reared  in  Cincinnati, 
and  Mary  J.  (Lane)  Moore,  who  was  also 
a  native  of  Ohio.  The  father  had  three  brothers 
killed  in  the  Civil  War,  and  he  tried  to  enlist, 
but  was  rejected  on  account  of  being  a  cripple. 
He  died  in  1899,  aged  seventy-eight.  The 
mother  is  residing  on  the  old  home  place.  She 
is  a  cousin  of  General  James  Lane,  a  prominent 


6oo 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


man  in  the  border  warfare  of  Kansas.  Our 
subject  grew  to  manhood  on  the  homestead  and 
received  his  education  from  the  common 
schools.  In  the  spring  of  1878  he  went  to 
Kansas  and  operated  a  drill  in  prospecting  for 
coal.  He  was  in  thirteen  different  counties  and 
also  took  a  trip  into  the  Indian  Territory.  Later 
he  returned  to  Ohio,  where  he  was  married  on 
December  23,  1881.  Miss  Belle  S.  Shipton  be- 
came his  bride  at  this  time.  She  was  a  native 
of  Lawrence  county  and  her  parents,  James 
and  Ruth  E.  Shipton,  were  prominent  people 
there.  The  mother  died  six  years  since,  but 
the  father  still  lives,  having  always  been  a  min- 
ister in  the  Methodist  church.  Mrs.  Moore  is  an 
accomplished  musician  and  has  taught  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music.  She  had  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  James  A.,  Frank  T.  and 
Mrs.  Frances  Moore,  the  wife  of  Mr.  Moore's 
brother.  Mr.  Moore  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  John  L.,  James  H.,  Mary  J.,  Will- 
iam F.,  Frank  J.,  Samuel  S..  Mattie  E.  and 
Charles  A. 

In  1884  Mr.  Moore  came  to  the  northwest- 
ern part  of  Whitman  county  and  farmed,  then 
in  1890  came  to  this  county  and  did  a  dairy 
business,  supplying  Conconully  and  Ruby. 
Later  he  engaged  in  the  butcher  business,  but 
was  burned  out  in  the  big  fire.  After  this  he 
was  washed  out.  having  rebuilt,  the  flood  com- 
ing from  a  cloud  burst.  He  rebuilt  again  and 
is  now  doing  a  good  business. 

On  August  17.  1890,  I\Ir.  Moore  was  called 
upon  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife,  who  left 
two  children,  James  F.  and  Jessie  M.  Mr. 
Moore  married  a  second  time.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  as 
also  was  the  first  wife. 


ALAX  MACAULAY  is, one  of  the  first 
settlers  who  still  live  in  Okanogan  county.  His 
farm  adjoins  the  townsite  of  Oroville  on  the 
east,  and  lies  in  the  forks  of  the  Similkameen 
and  Okanogan  rivers.  Mr.  Macaulay  has  a 
fine  herd  of  cattle  and  has  recently  sold  a  large 
number.  For  years  he  has  given  his  time  and 
attention  to  raising  stock,  and  is  now  retiring 
somewhat  from  the  activities  of  this  life,  hav- 
ing been  prospered  in  his  labors. 

Alax  Macaulay  was  born  in  Stonoway, 
Scotland,  in  1840,  the  son  of  .Angus  and  Ava 


oMacaulay,  natives  of  Caledonia.  His  early 
days  were  spent  in  acquiring  an  education,  and 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  shipped  as  cabin  boy, 
on  a  sea  going  vessel.  He  worked  his  way  up 
from  this  position,  and  later  was  in  the  English 
navy.  He  served  in  the  war  with  Russia  and 
participated  in  many  battles  on  the  sea  and  one 
on  the  land.  He  was  in  various  fights,  and  had 
his  clothes  riddled  with  bullets,  but  never  re- 
ceived a  wound.  After  his  discharge  he  re- 
turned to  Scotland  and  then  bade  farewell  to 
his  native  place,  sailing  for  Quebec.  He  came 
on  to  Montreal,  and  spent  the  summer  of  1858 
on  the  steamboats  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  In 
1862,  we  find  him  in  Chicago,  whence  he  jour- 
neyed to  Michigan.  He  returned  to  Chicago 
and  afterward  went  to  Canada.  He  traveled 
in  various  parts  of  the  country,  then  came  to  the 
Red  river  of  the  North,  whence  he  journeyed 
on  horseback  across  the  Rockies  to  the  Koot- 
enai country,  and  then  on  up  to  Fort  Colville, 
arriving  there  in  the  fall  of  1869.  In  the  fol- 
lowing spring  he  prospected  in  British  Colum- 
bia, then  went  to  Victoria,  and  afterwards 
took  a  trip  with  John  Grant  up  the  Priest  river. 
This  journey  was  attended  with  great  hard- 
ships, on  account  of  the  shallow  water,  caused 
by  beaver  dams.  Later  he  returned  to  Victoria. 
Mr.  Grant  was  afterward  mayor  of  that  city. 
Mr.  Macaulay  then  joined  a  surveying  party 
on  the  Thompson  river,  and  also  visited  other 
places  in  the  Northwest  Territory.  He  became 
acquainted  with  most  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company's  patents  of  this  section,  then  made  a 
trip  to  San  Juan  Island.  Finally  he  met  Mr. 
Utz,  with  whom  he  came  to  this  section  in 
1873.  Since  then  Mr.  Macaulay  has  never 
been  farther  away  than  Spokane  or  Wenatchee. 
The  other  people  living  south  of  the  British 
Columbia  line,  in  the  Okanogan  valley  then 
were  Okanogan  Smith,  John  LTtz,  and  Bob 
Clinton.  Mr.  Macaulay  was  at  Fort  Colville 
after  this  and  became  well  acquainted  with 
James  Monaghan,  Hugh  McCoole  and  Chief 
Moses.  At  the  time  that  Generals  Sherman 
and  Miles  and  Chief  Justice  Gray  went  from 
Colville  to  Victoria,  he  accompanied  them  from 
the  Fort  to  the  Okanogan  ri\-er  and  became 
well  acquainted  with  these  noted  personages. 
Mr.  Macaulay  began  raising  cattle  on  a  small 
scale  and  also  took  charge  of  Phelps  and  Wad- 
ley's  stock  and  has  since  collected  a  fine  herd 
for  himself.     Mr.  Macaulav  has  a  brother  and 


A  LAX  MACAU  LAY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


60 1 


sister  living  in  Scotland,  i\ngus  and  Christine 
and  one  brother  at  Killamey,  Manitoba,  Ken- 
nis  Macaulay.  Mr.  Macaulay  is  a  true  Scotch- 
man, possessed  of  the  stability  and  determina- 
tion of  his  race,  which  have  enabled  him  to 
gain  his  gratifying  success. 


JOHN  HANCOCK  has  spent  the  major 
portion  of  his  life  under  the  occidental  stars, 
having  been  brought  hither  when  he  was  four 
years  of  age.  He  is  now  one  of  the  respected 
and  influential  residents  of  the  Methow  valley 
and  has  made  a  good  success  in  general  farming 
and  raising  stock. 

John  Hancock  was  born  in  Van  Buren  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  on  September  6,  1848,  the  son  of 
Charles  and  Elizabeth  J.  (Saunders)  Hancock. 
In  1852  the  family  took  the  weary  trip  across 
the  plains  and  in  due  time  landed  at  the  mouth 
of  Sandy  river  in  the  Willamette  valley,  only  to 
be  met  by  the  monster  death,  who  snatched  from 
the  little  group  the  father  and  support.  The 
widowed  mother  made  her  way  to  Oregon  City 
and  there  later  married  Samuel  Waldron.  They 
settled  on  a  farm  about  six  miles  south  from 
Oregon  City.  Young  Hancock  remained  with 
his  parents  until  sixteen,  gaining  his  educational 
training  from  the  early  schools  of  that  vicinity. 
Then  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  First  Oregon 
Infantry,  and  was  stationed  with  his  company 
at  Fort  Colville  until  the  discharge  of  the  Vol- 
unteers in  1865.  A  short  visit  to  the  Willa- 
mette valley  and  then  Mr.  Hancock  sought  gold 
at  Auburn  until  1873,  when  he  went  to  hand- 
ling a  quartz  mill  in  Gem  City,  Union  county, 
Oregon.  Two  years  later,  we  find  him  in  Seat- 
tle whence  he  went,  after  one  winter's  stay,  to 
Walla  Walla  and  operated  a  saw  mill  engine. 
Later  he  accepted  a  position  as  engineer  on  the 
Walla  Walla  &  Columbia  railroad  and  drove 
the  first  engine  that  pulled  freight  into  Walla 
Walla.  One  year  in  that  capacity  and  he  took 
charge  of  the  shops  at  Whitman.  Next  we  find 
him  near  Rock  Lake  in  Whitman  county  where 
he  farmed  and  raised  stock  for  about  eight 
years.  In  1896,  Mr.  Hancock  bought  the  place 
Avhere  he  now  resides,  about  seven  miles  south- 
east from  Twisp  on  Fraser  creek.  He  has  a 
good  farm  and  raises  considerable  hay  and 
handles  one  hundred  head  of  stock  each  year. 
The  farm  is  well  improved,  with  orchard,  build- 


ings, fences,  and  so  forth,  while  in  his  labors  he 
has  been  abundantly  prospered. 

At  Gem  City,  Mr.  Hancock  married  Miss 
Julia  Elliott,  in  1872.  Her  parents  are  both 
dead.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hancock ;  Clarence,  the  first  child  born  in 
Gem  City;  Arthur,  married  and  living  in  this 
valley;  John,  Ella,  Ivy  and  Myrtle,  twins. 
Little  Myrtle,  the  pride  of  the  home  was  called 
hence  by  death  on  Thanksgiving  day,  1903. 


CHARLES  WILLIAM  ALMQUIST 
came  to  the  regions  where  he  now  lives  with  no 
means,  but  by  industry  and  wise  management 
has  become  one  of  the  wealthy  citizens  of  north- 
western Okanogan  county.  His  present  home 
is  one  mile  north  from  Molson,  where  he  has 
some  fine  land,  well  watered  and  nearly  all  un- 
der cultivation.  It  is  all  fenced  and  provided 
with  commodious  outbuildings  and  a  fine  nine- 
room  residence. 

Charles  W.  Almquist  was  born  in  Porter 
county,  Indiana,  on  January  18,  1876,  the  son 
of  Charles  and  Hattie  M.  (Johnson)  Almquist, 
natives  of  Sweden.  They  came  to  the  United 
States  when  young,  settled  in  Indiana,  and  were 
married  at  Kankakee  in  that  state.  To  them 
were  born  five  children.  Mrs.  Luella  Stark- 
weather; Charles  W.,  the  subject  of  this  article; 
Mrs.  Fannie  Lucas;  Mrs.  Belle  Clover;  and 
Arthur.  Charles  W.  came  to  Minnesota  with 
his  parents  at  the  age  of  twelve,  and  in  1883 
the  family  came  to  Rosalia,  Washington,  there 
being  but  few  settlers  in  that  section  then.  The 
parents  are  living  there  now,  and  are  well  to  do 
people. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  received 
in  the  various  places  where  he  dwelt  during  his 
minority.  In  1892  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Sidley  in  British  Columbia,  where  he  took  a 
homestead  of  a  half  section.  It  is  valuable  land, 
well  fenced,  and  adapted  for  hay  and  grain  and 
there  is  a  good  supply  of  irrigating  water.  Mr. 
Almquist  erected  a  large  barn  sixty  by  eighty 
feet,  and  a  fourteen  room  house,  and  has  made 
other  valuable  improvements  such  as  outbuild- 
ings and  so  forth.  On  October  10.  1900.  Mr. 
Almquist  located  his  present  home,  which  is 
near  the  reservation,  taking  out  citizen  papers 
September  20,  1900.  The  land  was  unsurveyed 
at  the  time,  and  he  took  up  a  squatter's  right. 


6o2 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


On  June  2,  1897,  Air.  Almquist  married 
Miss  Cora  M.,  daughter  of  Manning  and  Alice 
F.  Cudworth,  natives  of  the  state  of  Iowa. 
They  came  to  the  sound  country  about  thirty- 
seven  years  ago,  and  in  1895  settled  near  Sid- 
ley,  where  they  now  reside.  Mrs.  Almquist 
was  born  in  Whatcom,  Washington.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Almquist, 
Charles  \\'.,  aged  five,  and  Olive,  aged  four. 
In  addition  to  general  farming  and  stock  raising 
Mr.  Almquist  owns  an  interest  in  two  steam 
threshers,  two  engines  and  a  sawmill. 


HERBERT  G.  CHAMPNEYS  is  one  of 
the  leading  stockmen  of  Okanogan  county.  He 
raises  cattle  extensively,  and  also  has  two  fine 
farms,  one  on  the  bottoms  along  the  Similka- 
meen  especially  adapted  to  hay,  and  one  seven 
miles  north  of  Loomis,  where  he  resides  at  the 
present  time. 

Herbert  G.  Champneys  was  born  in  western 
Turville,  Buckinghamshire,  England,  on  Feb- 
ruary 2.  1864,  the  son  of  John  and  Anna 
(Walker)  Champneys,  natives  of  England. 
The  father,  whose  fathers  were  Church  of  Eng- 
land ministers,  died  at  the  age  of  sixty-five. 
The  mother  is  still  living  in  Wolverhampton, 
England,  aged  fifty-eight.  Our  subject  received 
a  good  education  from  the  public  and  special 
schools,  and  in  due  time  began  life  as  a  sales- 
man and  bookkeeper.  He  wrought  in  various 
places,  his  last  occupation  being  in  London. 
He  worked  for  Baerlin  &  Company  of  Man- 
chester, and  also  in  the  civil  service  stores  in 
London.  It  was  in  1886,  that  he  started  from 
London  to  Sprague,  having  a  through  ticket. 
His  brother,  Weldon  Y.  met  him.  and  they 
came  direct  to  Okanogan  county,  crossing  the 
ferry  where  Wild  Goose  Bill  lives.  That  en- 
terprising pioneer  had  just  completed  a  row 
boat,  and  our  subject  and  his  brother  were  the 
first  passengers  to  cross.  The  horses  had  to 
swim.  Few  stores  were  in  the  Okanogan 
country  then.  Mr.  Champneys  located  a  pre- 
emption adjoining  his  present  ranch.  He  now 
has  an  estate  of  two  hundred  acres  largely 
seeded  to  timothy  and  clover.  He  made  the 
pre-emption  his  home  until  1900,  when  he  took 
his  present  place  as  a  homestead. 

On  September  15,  1887,  Mr.  Champneys 
married  Miss  Zora,  daughter  of  Alfred  C.  and 
Marv'  S.  Cowherd.     To  them  has  been  born 


one  child,  Julian  Drake,  his  birthday  being 
May  22,  1900.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cowherd  came 
from  Jackson,  Michigan,  to  the  Ivanhoe  mines 
in  Okanogan  county  in  1890,  which  Mr.  Cow- 
herd had  located  in  1886,  and  which  is  said  to 
be  one  of  the  largest  in  the  county.  The  prop- 
erty is  located  on  Palmer  mountain,  and  con- 
sists of  four  patented  claims.  Before  the  con- 
centrator was  built  on  that  property,  they  re- 
sided there,  but  now  dwell  upon  a  homestead 
adjoining  that  of  our  subject.  During  the 
panic,  the  mine  was  closed,  and  at  Mrs. 
Champneys'  suggestion,  they  started  the  con- 
centrator and  ran  through  a  number  of  tons  of 
ore  lying  on  the  dump.  Mrs.  Cowherd  was. 
equal  to  the  emergency  and  handled  the  en- 
gine while  Mr.  Cowherd  attended  to  the  rest 
of  the  mill,  and  the  result  was  that  the  job 
was  completed  in  good  shape,  and  the  returns 
from  the  ore  tided  them  over  the  panic  times. 
On  July  31,  1903,  Mrs.  Champneys'  sister. 
Miss  Grace  L.  Cowherd,  in  company  with  Miss 
Tora  Torguson,  began  the  trip  from  their  place 
to  the  top  of  Mount  Chapaca.  They  carried 
their  blankets,  provisions,  and  a  rifle,  and 
wended  their  way  up  the  rugged  heights  until 
they  finally  planted  the  stars  and  stripes  on  the 
very  summit  of  this  mountain.  It  is  supposed 
that  these  ladies  were  the  first  white  ladies  to 
step  foot  on  the  top  of  Mount  Chapaca.  They 
completed  the  trip  in  safety,  and  no  small 
credit  is  due  them  for  their  undertaking.  Mr. 
Champneys  has  manifested  ability,  and  shown 
a  real  pioneer  spirit.  He  has  assiduously  la- 
bored here  for  the  last  eighteen  years,  and  is 
deserving  of  the  esteem  and  respect  which  he 
receives  in  generous  measure. 


WILLIAM  LEWTS.  Among  the  progres- 
sive and  wide  awake  miners  of  Okanoagn 
couny  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  and 
who  has  made  a  showing  in  the  mining  in- 
dustry, which  places  him  as  a  real  leader  in  this 
important  field  of  operation.  He  came  to 
[-oomis  in  1891  and  immediately  took  up  min- 
ing. After  considerable  prospecting  he  struck 
a  lead  on  Whickey  Hill  and  located  twerrty- 
three  claims.  Later  on  he  incorporated,  the 
company  being  known  as  the  Whickey  Hill 
Mining  and  Milling  Company,  and  Mr.  Lewis 
is  superintendent.    They  have  done  about  eight- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


603 


een  thousand  dollars  worth  of  development 
work,  which  shows  a  very  excellent  property. 
It  is  a  gold  property  and  bids  fair  to  become 
one  of  the  wealthy  producers  of  the  county. 

William  Lewis  was  bom  in  Howard  county, 
Missouri,  on  March  16,  1834,  the  son  of  Field- 
ing Lewis,  a  native  of  Tennessee  and  an  early 
pioneer  of  Missouri,  who  then  went  to  Ten- 
nessee and  married  Miss  Laurinda  Moore.  His 
father.  Fielding  Lewis,  our  subject's  grand- 
father, participated  in  the  War  of  1812,  and 
two  uncles  fought  in  the  Revolution.  On  April 
29,  1852,  our  subject  started  with  his  parents 
across  the  plains  with  ox  teams.  They  had  a 
small  train  of  ten  wagons  and  were  headed  for 
Linn  county,  Oregon.  Their  journey  was 
pleasant  and  without  especial  incident  until  they 
arrived  at  the  Snake,  where  the  mother,  on 
August  20,  was  carried  away  by  death.  In 
September,  a  brother  of  our  subject  died  at 
Birch  creek.  In  the  same  month  another  mem- 
ber of  the  family,  John  M.,  died  at  Cascade 
Falls,  and  in  October  at  Vancouver,  his  sister, 
Ellen,  died.  In  less  than  two  months  four  of 
the  famih'  were  swept  away  by  the  disease 
known  as  black  tongue.  Mr.  Lewis  left  his 
stock  at  The  Dalles  and  went  on  and  brought 
a  pack  train  to  Linn  county  and  during  the 
winter  his  stock  died.  Our  subject  and  his 
father  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Second  Oregon 
Volunteers,  under  Captain  John  Keeney,  to 
fight  the  Indians  in  1855.  They  also  partici- 
pated in  the  Rogue  River  War  and  were  in  the 
battle  of  Big  Meadows.  William  received  a 
slight  flesh  wound  and  had  his  clothing  pierced 
with  bullets.  During  the  service  in  the  field 
there  were  many  months  when  he  endured  great 
hardship,  having  his  feet  frozen.  Being  hon- 
orably discharged  they  returned  to  the  home 
place  near  Albany  and  there  the  father  died  in 
1864,  being  in  his  sixty-fourth  year.  He  was 
justice  of  the  peace  and  a  prominent  citizen. 

Our  subject  has  three  brothers,  James  P., 
David  and  George  W.,  and  one  sister,  Mrs. 
Sarah  A.  Layton.  Mr.  Lewis  went  to  the  mines 
in  the  Siskiyou  mountains,  in  California,  and 
wrought  for  three  years,  then  he  returned  to 
Orgeon.  On  June  6,  1859,  he  married  Miss 
Ruth,  daughter  of  John  and  Mahala  McCal- 
lister.  Mrs.  Lewis  was  born  on  September  20, 
1842,  in  Knox  county,  Illinois,  and  came  with 
her  parents  across  the  plains  in  1853  to  Linn 
county.    The  father  was  a  bugler  in  the  Black 


Hawk  War  and  died  in  Linn  county,  in  his 
eightieth  year.  The  mother  died  a  few  years 
later.  In  1869  Mr.  Lewis  came  to  Puget  Sound 
and  a  few  years  later,  settled  in  Yakima  where 
he  did  a  hotel  business  for  two  years.  In  1872, 
he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Yakima  county  and 
made  such  a  record  that  he  was  enabled  to  say 
that  he  never  received  a  warrant  for  a  man 
without  arresting  him  and  never  let  a  prisoner 
escape.  His  name  appeared  on  the  Republican 
ticket  and  he  has  frequently  been  offered  the 
nomination  since,  but  h^s  refused.  In  1885,  he 
bought  a  large  tract  of  land  twenty-one  miles 
northwest  from  Yakima  and  engaged  in  the 
stock  business.  Later,  he  sold  all  but  eighty 
acres,  which  he  now  owns.  As  stated  above,  in 
1891,  he  came  to  Okanogan  county  and  has 
since  devoted  himself  to  mining.  Mr.  Lewis  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lewis,  the  following  children  have  been 
born:  Mrs.  Sampson  Hull,  deceased;  Mrs. 
Sarah  Chman,  of  Ellensburg:  William  H.  ;Mrs. 
Nervina  Coleman,  of  Dayton,  Oregon;  Mrs. 
Lillie  Cannon,  of  Centralia,  Washington;  Mrs. 
Grace  Burgett,  of  Loomis,  Washington ;  Simon 
P.,  of  Yakima;  and  James  V.,  deceased. 


CHARLES  a:  BLATT  is  operating  the 
Tenasket  hotel  at  Molson,  which  is  unquestion- 
ably the  largest  and  finest  equipped  house  in 
the  county  of  Okanogan.  It  was  built  under  his 
supervision  and  he  is  conducting  it  to-day  in 
first  class  shape.  Mr.  Blatt  is  an  experienced 
host  and  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the  care  of 
guests,  for  whom  he  provides  the  best  of  every- 
thing, makes  his  place  a.  popular  resort  for 
traveling  people.  It  is  a  house  of  thirty-three 
rooms,  well  arranged,  tastefully  kept,  and  pro- 
vided with  all  modern  conveniences. 

Charles  A.  Blatt  was  born  in  Wood  county, 
Ohio,  October  28,  i860,  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Sarah  A.  (Strock)  Blatt,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Ohio,  respectively.  They  are  now 
living  in  Mahoney  county,  Ohio,  the  father  in 
his  seventy-sixth  year  and  the  mother  in  her 
seventieth.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  our  subject  and  William  G.,  engaged  with 
the  Pingree  shoe  manufacturers  of  Detroit, 
Michigan. 

Charles  A.  attended  school  until  the  age  of 
twelve,  then  engaged  as  salesman  in  a  mercan- 


6o4 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


tile  shop  until  1880,  when  he  went  to  Clinton, 
Missouri.  The  following  year  he  made  his  ini- 
tial venture  in  the  hotel  business,  continuing  in 
the  same  for  several  years.  In  1889,  he  went  to 
Kansas  City  and  was  traveling  salesman  for  a 
wholesale  jewelry  house  for  five  years.  At  the 
end  of  that  period  he  went  to  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  and  again  took  up  the  hotel  business. 
After  this  Mr.  Blatt  filled  the  position  of  a  first 
class  host  in  Cripple  Creek,  Colorado,  and  later 
in  Denver.  It  was  in  June,  1900,  that  he  came 
to  the  reservation  and  decided  to  locate  at  Mol- 
son.  The  plans  of  the  Tenasket  house  were 
drawn  under  his  supervision  and  the  same  was 
erected  and  is  now  operated  by  him.  He  also 
handles  a  first  class  bar,  well  stocked. 

On  August  20,  1900,  at  Greenwood,  British 
Columbia.  ^Ir.  Blatt  married  Margaret  Milan,  a 
native  of  Indiana.  One  child,  Charles  F.  M.. 
was  born  to  them  December  20,  1901. 

Mr.  Blatt  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles,  and  is 
one  of  the  genial  and  affable  men  of  this  place. 
The  traveling  people  say  of  Mr.  Blatt  that  his 
hotel  is  one  of  the  most  comfortable  and  well- 
kept  in  the  northwest. 


HENRY  P.  DECENT,  is  owner  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  steam  laundry  at  Loomis.  Wash- 
ington. He  also  owns  about  eighty-five  acres 
of  land  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  town, 
which  is  fenced  and  well  improved.  He  oper- 
ates a  first  class  laundry  and  does  a  very  large 
business. 

Henry  P.  Decent  was  born  on  February  20, 
1865,  in  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Delephine  (Savage)  Decent,  natives 
of  Canada.  The  father  was  a  shoemaker  and 
\he  mother  wrought  in  the  tailor's  art.  Thev 
were  both  of  French  extraction,  were  married 
in  Canada  and  came  to  Michigan  in  early  days. 
He  returned  to  Canada  and  afterwards  came 
again  to  Michigan  and  now  lives  in  Thompson 
that  state,  aged  seventy  and  sixty-five,  re- 
spectively. They  are  both  highly  educated  and 
respected  people.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  early  developed  a  talent 
for  machinery,  and  was  soon  head  sawyer  in  a 
large  mill.  On  May  22,  1895,  Mr.  Decent 
married  Miss  Carrie  H.,  daughter  of  Myron 
and  Esther  (Bartholomew)  Laraway.  Mrs. 
Decent  was  born  at  Reading  on  July  22,  1869. 


and  the  father  was  born  in  Hillsdale  county, 
Michigan.  He  and  his  father  James  Laraway, 
fought  in  the  same  company  during  the  Civil 
war.  His  father  was  a  college  professor  and 
died  in  the  hospital. 

Mrs.  Decent's  mother  was  born  in  Hills- 
dale county,  Michigan,  graduated  from  college 
and  taught  school  for  several  years.  Her  fa- 
ther, Amos  Bartholomew,  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  the  Michigan  forests.  He  cleared 
land,  made  bread  from  corn  beaten  in  the  mor- 
tar, and  gathered  his  sweets  from  the  maple 
groves.  He  finally  became  very  wealthy  and 
lived  to  be  about  ninety  years  of  age.  Mrs.  De- 
cent was  a  graduate  from  the  high  schools  but 
on  account  of  ill  health,  she  and  her  husband 
came  west  in  1898,  to  Great  Falls,  ^lontana. 
Mr.  Decent  handled  a  sawmill  there,  and  her 
health  was  improved  by  the  mountain  air.  In 
1900  they  came  to  Loomis  and  operated  a 
boarding  house  for  the  Puritan  mines.  Later 
they  started  their  present  business.  Mrs.  De- 
cent early  developed  a  great  love  for  machin- 
ery and  became  an  expert  engineer,  being  the 
only  lady  engineer  in  ISIichigan.  She  is  equally 
skillful  with  her  husband  in  handling  an  en- 
gine now  and  they  are  doing  a  fine  business  at 
the  laundry.  Mr.  Decent  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  W.  W.  He  and  his  wife  be- 
long to  the  Women  of  Woodcraft  and  the 
Maccabees  and  she  is  clerk  of  the  former  order. 


WARREN  W.  ALDERMAN  is  one  of  the 
well  known  and  energetic  men  of  Okanogan 
county,  and  is  successfully  handling  several  en- 
terprises at  the  present  time.  He  was  born  in 
Story  county,  Iowa,  on  ^larch  27,  1867,  the  son 
of  Hezekiah  and  Rhoda  (Smith)  Alderman, 
natives  of  Ohio.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a 
farm,  and  received  his  education  from  the  com- 
mon schools.  In  1882  he  went  to  A'alley  county, 
Nebraska,  and  rode  the  range,  after  which  he 
drove  stage  to  Kearney  Junction.  Subsequent 
to  this  he  followed  foot  racing  and  earned  con- 
siderable money  in  this  line.  He  never  was 
beaten  but  once,  and  that  was  by  the  noted  "Hy 
Pachen,"  but  afterwards  he  beat  him,  and  the 
two  traveled  together  for  several  years.  The 
race  was  one  hundred  A^ards,  and  he  was  known 
in  his  best  days  as  one  of  the  fastest  runners  on 
record. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


605 


On  November  9,  1887,  in  Box  Butte  county, 
Nebraska,  Mr.  Alderman  married  Miss  Jessie 
P.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Clementine  A. 
(Keller)  McKinney.  In  1888  they  came  to 
Easton  in  the  Cascade  mountains,  and  later 
went  to  Portland.  Afterwards  they  visited 
Spokane,  and  in  1890,  located  in  Okanogan 
county.  Loomis  then  contained  only  two  houses 
and  was  known  by  the  unique  name  of  Rag- 
town.  In  December,  1891,  he  located  his  ranch 
on  the  south  end  of  Palmer  lake.  He  has  one 
hundred  and  seventy-two  acres  all  fenced,  cul- 
tivated, and  improved  with  barn,  orchard,  and 
so  forth.  It  is  all  bottom  land  and  very  valu- 
able. Mr.  Alderman  devoted  his  attention  to 
general  farming  and  stock  raising  until  recently, 
when  he  sold  his  cattle,  moved  to  Nighthawk, 
and  erected  a  commodious  livery  and  feed  stable 
which  he  is  now  operating  with  a  good  pat- 
ronage. He  also  has  a  good  residence  in 
Nighthawk. 

On  October  19,  1899,  Mrs.  Alderman  was 
called  to  pass  the  river  of  death,  leaving  her 
husband  and  four  children,  Emmet  H.,  Neil  T., 
Dovie  C,  and  Irvin  A.  On  October  9,  1902, 
Mr.  Alderman  was  married  to  Miss  Jennie  Z., 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Hattie  (Mullen) 
Adair.  Mrs.  .\lderman"s  parents  came  from  the 
east  in  1899  and  are  now  living  in  Okanogan 
county.  Our  subject  held  the  position  of  deputy 
treasurer  and  also  deputy  sheriff.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  W.  of  W.,  having 
filled  the  chairs  in  the  latter  order. 


JOHN  M.  WENTWORTH,  who  is  pro- 
prietor of  the  Wentworth  hotel  in  Loomis, 
one  of  the  leading  hostelries  of  Okanogan 
county,  was  born  in  November,  1859,  and  is  a 
prominent  and  influential  mining  man  of  the 
northwest.  He  came  to  this  section  when  it 
was  very  new  and  has  labored  assiduously  in 
mining  most  of  the  time  since  and  a  number  of 
large  and  valuable  properties  well  developed 
are  evidence  of  his  industry  and  wisdom. 

Levant  Wentworth  was  born  on  July  18, 
183 1,  and  his  father,  Uriah  Wentworth,  served 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  Levant  Wentworth 
was  reared  in  Illinois,  went  to  Nebraska  and 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  Second  Nebraska  Cav- 
alry, on  November  17,  1862,  for  nine  months, 
but  served  one  year  and  two  days.  He  was  in 
General  Sully's  command,  holding  the  Indians 


in  check.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of 
White  Stone  Lake  and  after  his  discharge  re- 
turned to  Dakota  county,  Nebraska.  In  1886, 
he  went  to  Denver,  in  1887  came  to  Walla 
Walla,  thence  to  Spokane  county,  and  in  1888 
came  on  to  Okanogan  county  where  he  en- 
gaged in  mining  and  prospecting.  He  and  his 
wife  are  now  living  in  Loomis.  Mr.  Went- 
worth states  that  he  has  made  and  lost  a  great 
deal  of  money  but  five  dollars  which  was  the 
first  money  that  he  ever  earned  and  which  was 
lost  gave  him  more  pain  than  all  the  rest  to- 
gether. He  owns  the  Iron  Mask,  a  valuable 
copper  property,  and  has  it  well  developed; 
also  he  has  other  mining  interests. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wentworth  were  born 
five  children;  George  E.,  a  noted  horseman; 
John  M.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Mrs.  Clara 
Wilson;  Herbert;  and  William.  Our  subject 
remained  with  his  parents  until  they  reached 
Okanogan  but  had  done  mining  work  in  vari- 
ous parts  before  that.  In  1878  he  took  ore 
out  of  the  gulch  where  the  Bunker  Hill  and 
Sullivan  is  in  Idaho  but  made  no  location.  He 
was  in  various  sections  of  the  northwest  en- 
gaged in  different  occupations,  mining  prin- 
cipally, and  in  the  fall  of  1888  began  mining  in 
Okanogan  county.  He  was  foreman  and  gen- 
eral manager  in  the  Rush  mining  company,  and 
on  one  occasion  fell  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  feet  in  the  shaft.  He  owns  one  half  inter- 
est in  the  Copper  World,  a  valuable  property 
with  about  three  thousand  dollars  worth  of 
development  done.  The  ledge  is  one  hundred 
feet  wide  and  shows  excellent  values.  He  also 
has  an  interest  in  the  Georgia  and  Hercules, 
which  are  showing  fine,  as  well  as  in  The  Lone 
Pine  and  the  Tuff  Nut.  In  1896  Mr.  Wentworth 
bought  his  present  hotel,  a  good  property, 
which  he  has  been  operating  successfully  since. 
It  has  twenty  sleeping  apartments  besides  other 
rooms  and  is  a  popular  place  with  the  traveling 
public.  In  1886  Mr.  Wentworth  married  Miss 
Mary  Domer,  a  native  of  Indiana. 


W.  L.  DAVIS  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Okanogan  county.  He  owns  a  beautiful  ranch 
on  the  Okanogan  river  about  fifteen  miles  north 
from  its  mouth.  The  estate  is  located  at  the 
foot  of  Rattle  Snake  Point  and  has  been  hand- 
somely improved  by  Mr.  Davis.  On  August 
5,  1888,  Mr.  Davis'  took  a  squatter's  right  to 


6o6 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


his  present  place,  paying  therefor  twelve  dol- 
lars. Since  that  time,  he  has  given  his  entire 
attention  to  general  farming  and  to  the  im- 
provement of  his  property  and  has  found  the 
climate  and  soil  thoroughly  adapted  to  the 
production  of  all  kinds  of  grain,  alfalfa,  vege- 
tables and  so  forth.  He  can  successfully  grow 
all  kinds  of  fruits,  except  tropical.  He  has 
made  a  great  success  in  producing  various  kinds 
of  nuts,  especially  walnuts. 

Mr.  Davis  remarks  that  this  locality  he  be- 
lieves to  be  one  of  the  healthiest  on  the  Pacific 
coast  and  he  is  thoroughly  satisfied  with  the 
country.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  progres- 
siveness  and  has  done  a  work  in  this  country 
worthy  of  great  credit  in  horticulture.  He  and 
his  wife  are  highly  respected  people  and  have 
many  friends. 


ALVIN  R.  THORP  is  doubtless  the  old- 
est settler  in  Okanogan  county.  He  passed 
through  this  country  as  early  as  1869  but  did 
hot  locate  permanently  here  until  some  time 
afterwards.  He  has  one  of  the  best  farms  in 
the  county,  two  and  one  half  miles  north  of 
Loomis  on  Toats  Coulee  creek.  His  land  is 
supplied  with  plenty  of  irrigating  water  and  he 
is  holding  the  oldest  irrigation  right  on  the 
creek.  He  can  raise  any  of  the  products  of 
this  latitude  and  has  an  abundance  of  grapes, 
peaches,  apples  and  general  farm  produce.  Mr. 
Thorp  has  cut  as  high  as  four  crops  of  alfalfa 
in  one  year  on  one  piece  of  land,  and  he  usually 
han'ests  three.  He  has  been  very  enterprising, 
experimenting  with  \-arious  productions,  and 
has  made  a  good  success  in  raising  peanuts. 
It  is  stated,  however,  that  Mr.  Thorp  first 
planted  roasted  ones,  but  failed  to  have  very 
good  success  with  that  variety. 

Alvin  R.  Thorp  was  born  in  Howard 
county,  Missouri,  on  December  22,  1832.  the 
son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Still)  Thorp. 
The  father  was  born  in  Madison  county.  Ken- 
tucky, and  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  to 
Missouri.  He  died  in  Platte  county  of  that 
state  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  ten  years  since. 
The  mother  was  a  native  of  Missouri  and  died 
in  Platte  county.  Her  grandfather,  Joseph 
Still,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  and  she  was  an 
orphan.  He  also  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Missouri.  The 
early  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  Virginians. 
Our  subject  is  the  oldest  of  thirteen  children. 


ten  of  whom  are  living,  scattered  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  States.  He  grew  up  on  a 
farm  and  received  his  education  from  the  sub- 
scription schools  of  the  time.  On  May  6, 
1852,  he  left  his  old  home  and  started  across 
the  plains  with  his  uncle,  Joseph  F.  Still,  to 
California.  He  drove  an  ox  team  all  the  way 
and  finally  arrived  in  Placer  county  on  Au- 
gust 27,  where  he  spent  some  time  in  freight- 
ing. 

Joseph  F.  Still,  the  uncle,  was  a  true  pio- 
neer and  a  man  of  excellent  qualities.  He 
wrought  faithfully  for  the  opening  and  up- 
building of  California  and  remained  there  un- 
til his  death,  in  1900,  being  then  eighty  years 
of  age.  Learning  of  his  sickness,  our  subject 
hastened  to  his  bedside  and  fortunately  arrived 
there  about  three  weeks  before  his  death.  Mr. 
Thorp  followed  mining  in  the  San  Jose  valley, 
California,  and  in  1858  came  to  the  Fraser 
river,  in  British  Columbia.  It  was  with  great 
credit  to  himself  that  he  made  his  way  through 
the  then  deep  wilderness  and  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  prospecting  and  mining.  He  remained 
there  enduring  all  the  hardships  and  privations 
known  to  the  pioneer  and  miner.  In  1869,  he 
came  to  Rock  creek  and  quit  mining  and  since 
that  time  says  he  has  never  turned  the  dirt  in 
search  of  gold.  He  operated  a  pack  train  there 
for  a  couple  of  years  and  then  took  a  trip  to 
Omaca,  near  the  Alaska  boundary  line.  This 
journey  was  attended  with  extreme  suffering, 
for  they  were  blocked  in  the  ice  and  caught  in 
snow  storms.  As  they  fell  short  of  provisions 
it  was  a  struggle  between  life  and  death,  and 
a  question  whether  they  would  ever  get  out  of 
the  wilderness  alive.  After  this  he  came  to 
Marcus.  At  that  time  there  were  very  few 
people  in  this  whole  northwestern  part  of  the 
Inland  Empire.  He  soon  turned  his  attention 
to  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  located  his 
present  place,  where  he  has  labored  assiduously 
since.  He  packed  his  supplies  from  Walla 
Walla  and  later  from  Sprague  and  went  to 
Fort  Colville  to  get  his  mail.  He  has  watched 
the  coming  of  pioneers  one  after  another,  un- 
til finally  the  country  has  become  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  well  settled  sections  of  the 
northwest. 

Mr.  Thorp  married  Julia,  a  native  woman, 
and  they  have  one  child,  Charles  M.  Thorp, 
who  married  Nellie  Runnels.  Her  father, 
George  Runnels,  was  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers of  this  country.     Mr.  Thorp  has  about 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


607 


seventy-five  head  of  cattle,  and  some  tine 
horses,  and  is  one  of  the  well  to  do  men  of 
Okanogan  county.  In  all  the  many  years 
which  he  has  resided  here,  Mr.  Thorp  has  al- 
ways shown  himself  a  man  possessed  of  un- 
swerving integrity,  and  has  displayed  sagacity 
and  industry  in  his  labors. 


FRANK  GROGAN  is  one  of  the  leading 
mining  men  now  operating  in  the  Okanogan 
country,  and  his  success  in  this  country  pro- 
claims him  a  man  of  ability  and  energy.  He 
possesses  the  sterling  characteristics  of  those 
born  in  the  Emerald  Isle,  and  much  of  his  suc- 
cess is  due  to  the  good  Irish  blood  that  flows 
in  his  veins. 

Frank  Grogan  was  born  in  Roscommon 
county,  Ireland,  on  June  21,  1858,  the  son  of 
Patrick  and  Louisa  (Dingman)  Grogan,  both 
natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  was  a  mer- 
chant, and  descends  from  the  famous  Corne- 
lius Grogan,  of  Wicklow.  The  mother  de- 
scends from  the  Kilronan  family,  prominent 
people  in  her  native  country.  Both  are  now 
deceased.  Our  subject  is  first  cousin  to  Gen- 
eral Michael  Cochran,  commander  of  the  Six- 
ty-ninth New  York,  in  the  Irish  brigade  dur- 
ing the  Rebellion.  He  fought  in  both  battles 
of  Bull  Run.  Our  subject  left  home  in  1871, 
and  after  spending  a  few  days  in  Dublin  and 
Liverpool,  came  by  the  steamer  Adrian  to  Bos- 
ton, having  a  rough  passage  of  nine  days.  The 
first  place  he  visited  after  touching  land  was 
Bunker  Hill  monument.  Later  he  attended 
the  Holy  Cross  College  at  ^Vorcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  then  entered  the  liquor  business. 
Following  this,  he  did  newspaper  work  in  New 
York,  and  in  1887  went  to  Butte  and  Shasta 
counties,  California,  and  took  up  mining.  He 
was  very  successful  until  1891,  in  which  year 
he  came  to  Okanogan  county.  Here  he  has 
done  mining  and  prospecting  since.  He  dis- 
covered the  Worcester  and  McKinley  mines 
on  Mount  Chapaca,  and  organized  a  company 
in '1899,  known  as  The  Chapaca  Gold  and  Sil- 
ver Mining  and  Milling  Company,  which  now 
owns  twelve  claims.  Our  subject  is  a  large 
stockholder,  and  general  manager  of  the  con- 
cern. They  opened  many  thousand  dollars 
worth  of  development  work,  and  are  now  driv- 
ing a  three  thousand  foot  tunnel,  which  shows 
excellent  values.     Mr.  Grogan  also  promoted 


The  Prospective  Development  Company,  which 
owns  a  group  of  claims  on  Chapaca  mountain. 
He  is  manager  of  this  company  and  also  of  the 
Pinnacle  Gold  Mining  Company,  which  owns 
property  on  Palmer  mountain.  General  J.  B. 
Metcalf,  Judge  W.  H.  Moone,  E.  Cosgrove, 
Mrs.  Alice  O'Neal,  and  J.  S.  Jurey  are  the  prin- 
cipal owners  of  this  property.  Mr.  Grogan 
has  several  other  mining  properties  which  also 
show  well.  He  has  a  fine  ranch  about  eleven 
miles  north  from  Loomis,  where  he  makes  his 
home  at  the  present  time.  It  is  weli  improved 
with  buildings,  orchards,  fences,  and  so  forth, 
and  lies  on  the  bank  of  the  Similkameen  river. 
Mr.  Grogan  has  been  a  delegate  to  every  coun- 
ty convention  since  coming  here,  and  is  prom- 
inent in  the  political  realm.  On  May,  1900,  at 
Seattle,  Mr.  Grogan  married  Miss  Matilda, 
youngest  daughter  of  Judge  George  and  Kath- 
erine  (Ford)  Lawless,  natives  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island.  Mr.  Grogan  is  deserving  of 
much  credit  for  the  manner  in  which  he  has 
pushed  forward  the  mining  industry  in  Okan- 
ogan county.  He  has  been  enabled  to  interest 
much  capital,  while  his  tireless  energy  and 
great  ability  in  handling  enterprises  have 
brought  about  excellent  results. 


JOHN  BEALL  is  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers of  Okanogan  county,  and  has  done  the 
work  of  the  real  pioneer  all  his  life,  having 
lived  in  the  remote  regions  of  Illinois  and  Mis- 
souri before  coming  to  the  far  west.  He  is 
dwelling  now  on  his  estate  of  learly  two  hun- 
dred acres,  which  lies  about  three  miles  north 
from  Loomis,  and  there  he  does  general  farm- 
ing and  raises  stock.  He  has  a  fine  farm,  with 
about  one  hundred  and  thirty  acres  in  timothy, 
and  a  good  orchard,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
county,  which  produces  as  fine  fruit  as  can  be 
found  on  the  coast. 

John  Beall  was  born  in  Alabama,  on  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1837,  the  son  of  Lloyd  and  Eliza- 
beth Beall,  natives  of  Tennessee.  The  father 
was  a  pioneer  across  the  plains  in  1849,  and 
died  in  California.  The  mother  died  in  the 
east.  Our  subject  lived  in  Illinois  and  Mis- 
souri during  his  earlier  years,  and  there  stud- 
ied in  the  public  schools.  In  1857,  he  came 
across  the  plains  with  a  companion,  having  a 
pleasant  time  hunting  all  the  way.  When  they 
came  into  the  country  of  hostile  Indians,  they 


6o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


would  join  some  large  train.  After  some  time 
in  California,  they  went  through  Nevada  and 
Arizona,  to  Mexico,  thence  through  New  }*Iex- 
ico  on  back  to  the  central  states.  In  July,  1861, 
he  landed  in  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  having  come 
overland  with  a  pack  train.  He  at  once  went 
to  packing  supplies  from  The  Dalles  and  Uma- 
tilla Landing  to  all  the  leading  mining  camps 
in  Idaho  and  Oregon,  and  continued  at  that 
business  until  1871.  In  186 1  he  was  in  Lewis- 
ton,  and  there  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  his 
cousin,  Tom  Beall,  the  noted  pioneer  of  that 
place.  In  1871  Mr.  Beall  went  to  the  regions 
of  Fraser  river  and  Cariboo,  and  then  pene- 
trated the  wilderness  about  three  hundred  miles 
north  from  that  place  prospecting.  Return- 
ing, he  bought  cattle  and  settled  on  the  Simil- 
kameen  river  in  British  Columbia,  where  he 
remained  for  several  years  until  he  bought  his 
present  place.  At  that  time  few  white  people 
were  in  the  large  territory  now  occupied  by 
Okanogan  county,  and  the  mail  was  gotten  at 
Ft.  Colville.  Supplies  came  from  Walla  Walla, 
and  it  was  with  great  labor  that  they  were 
brought  in. 

Mr.  Beall  married  Miss  Catherine,  a 
daughter  of  George  Runnells,  an  old  pioneer 
of  this  section,  and  to  them  three  children  have 
been  born,  John,  Louise,  and  Ellen. 


JOHN  M.  PITMAN,  one  of  the  best 
known  men  in  Okanogan  county,  is  now  serv- 
ing his  second  term  as  county  treasurer,  having 
been  elected  both  times  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  the  second  majority  being  much  the 
larger.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  in- 
tegrity and  is  the  center  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends. 

John  M.  Pitman  was  born  in  Jackson 
county,  Alissouri,  on  September  17,  1849,  the 
son  of  Azariah  J.  and  Louisa  (Savage)  Pit- 
man, both  natives  of  Missouri.  The  father 
took  a  freighting  trip  to  Santa  Fe,  New  Mex- 
ico, in  1849.  'I'l'J  ''■'i*^  some  hard  times  with 
hostile  Indians.  Upon  his  return,  Dr.  Savage, 
his  wife's  father,  was  ready  to  start  across  the 
plains,  so  he  prepared  for  the  trip  and  they  set 
out  in  the  spring  of  1850.  The  mother  was 
said  to  be  dying  of  the  consumption  when  they 
started,  and  the  phyician  said  she  would  never 
cross  the  plains.     She  did,  and  is  now  in  her 


seventy-fourth  year,  living  a  retired  life  with 
her  husband  in  Salem,  Oregon.  He  is  seventy- 
seven,  well  preserved,  and  hearty  for  one  of 
his  age.  Our  subject  is  the  oldest  of  ten  child- 
ren and  the  only  son.  Three  of  the  sisters  are 
deceased.  He  was  educated  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  where  his  parents  located,  being  turned 
from  their  intention  of  going  to  California.  He 
completed  his- training  in  the  McMinville  Col- 
lege. In  1 86 1,  when  the  family  were  living  in 
the  Willamette  bottoms  there  came  a  flood  and 
the  steamboat  took  them  from  the  roof  of  their 
house.  They  lost  all  their  property.  Later 
they  removed  to  Klicktitat  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  there  remained  until  1901,  when  the 
parents  removed  to  Salem,  where  they  now  re- 
side. Our  subject  went  into  business  in  Klicki- 
tat county,  but  failed  and  went  bankrupt.  Fol- 
lowing this,  in  the  fall  of  1887,  he  came  to 
Okanogan  county  and  went  to  mining.  In  1892 
he  went  back  to  Klickitat  county  and  paid  all 
his  debts,  although  they  were  all  outlawed. 
He  has  been  universally  known  since  as  "Hon- 
est John,"  on  account  of  this  excellent  action. 
In  1876  Mr.  Pitman  married  Miss  Emma 
T.  Gubser,  in  Washington  county,  Oregon. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  Switzerland  and 
came  to  Iowa,  whence  in  the  fifties  they  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  where  both  died.  ]\Irs. 
Pitman  was  the  youngest  of  twelve  children. 
Three  children  were  born  to  this  union,  two  of 
whom  died  from  the  effects  of  scarlet  fever 
when  infants,  and  the  other,  Emma  Lorena,  is 
living  with  our  subject  now.  Mrs.  Pitman 
died  in  May.  1886.  In  October,  1890,  Mr. 
Pitman  married  Mrs.  Emily  E.  Borst,  who 
was  born  while  her  parents  were  crossing  the 
Atlantic  from  England  to  the  United  States. 
Her  father,  j\Ir.  Kellard,  was  a  major  in  the 
English  army.  Mrs.  Pitman  made  two  trips 
across  the  ocean  with  her  parents  and  finally 
came  west  from  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota,  to 
this  county.  Mr.  Pitman  entered  a  homestead 
five  miles  north  from  Loomis,  and  has  devoted 
considerable  attention  to  its  improvement,  hav- 
ing now  a  tine  property.  In  addition  to  this 
he  has  mining  property  in  this  state  and  also 
in  British  Columbia.  Mr.  Pitman  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  W.  W.  His  parents 
are  devout  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  He 
and  his  first  wife  belonged  to  the  Presbyterian 
church,  while  Mrs.  Pitman  now  belongs  to  the 
Methodist  church.     They  are  highly  respected 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


609 


people  and  have  won  for  themselves  the  es- 
teem and  confidence  of  all  who  may  have  the 
pleasure  of  their  acquaintance. 


WILSON  M.  TAYLOR.  A  seventeen 
years"  residence  in  the  territory  now  occupied 
by  Okanogan  county  entitles  the  subject  of  this 
article  to  be  classed  as  one  of  the  pioneers. 
During  this  period  of  time  he  has  been  engaged 
in  steady  labor  in  various  lines  of  industry,  all 
tending  to  upbuild  and  develop  the  country 
and  make  himself  one  of  the  well  to  do  citi- 
zens. His  residence  is  four  and  one  half  miles 
west  of  Riverside,  where  he  has  three  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  of  land.  Two  hundred  acres 
of  this  are  fine  meadow,  raising  timothy  and 
red  top  hay.  The  balance  contains  about  one 
and  one-half  million  feet  of  saw  timber. 

Wilson  j\l.  Taylor  was  born  in  Taylorville, 
Fayette  county,  Iowa,  on  June  14,  1852.  His 
father,  Dr.  Silas  Taylor,  married  Miss  Mary 
Carnehan,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  who  died 
in  Michigan  in  1889.  The  doctor  was  a 
native  of  the  State  of  New  York,  born 
in  1796,  and  the  youngest  of  a  large  fam- 
ily. His  father,  John  M.,  and  two  broth- 
ers, fought  in  the  Revolution.  The  doctor 
commenced  practice  in  Grand  Rapids,  Michi- 
gan, then  came  west  to  Iowa  and  located  on 
land  where  Taylorsville  now  stands.  In  1855 
he  went  to  Fillmore  county,  Minnesota.  In 
1 86 1  he  went  to  New  Ulm,  Minnesota,  and 
was  there  during  the  awful  massacre  of  Au- 
gust, 1862.  For  seven  days  they  fought  off  the 
murderous  Sioux  and  finally  help  came.  In 
the  fall  of  that  j-ear  Doctor  Taylor  went  to 
Fillmore  county  and  there  died  in  October. 
Four  children  were  born  to  this  worthy  couple, 
William  H.,  Mrs.  Louisa  Willman,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Win- 
chel.  In  1877  our  subject  left  home  and  went 
to  Omaha  and  engaged  in  the  Union  Pacific 
shops.  He  soon  became  an  engineer  and  drove 
an  engine  in  that  region  for  several  years.  In 
1882  he  came  to  Portland  and  engaged  on  the 
California  railroad.  It  was  in  the  fall  of  1886 
that  he  came  to  Okanogan  and  located  on  a 
ranch  in  Spring  coulee.  Later  he  sold  this. 
Having  become  an  expert  sawyer,  in  younger 
years  he  went  into  the  sawmill  business.  At 
this  time  he  sold  the  ranch  in  Spring  coulee  and 


in  1900  took  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
where  his  place  now  is,  and  also  bought  as 
much  more.  The  farm  is  well  improved,  has 
good  buildings,  fine  orchard,  and  is  one  of  the 
valuable  estates  of  the  country. 

In  February,  1874,  Mr.  Taylor  married 
Miss  Irene  M.  Burdine,  who  was  born  in  Fay- 
ette county,  Indiana,  in  1857.  She  died  on 
May  22,  1877,  leaving  one  child,  Mabel  A. 
Their  wedding  occurred  in  Fillmore  county, 
Minnesota. 


EMERY  P.  WHEELER  is  a  well  known 
and  prominent  mining  man  of  Okanogan  coun- 
ty. His  residence  is  on  Mineral  Hill,  near 
Conconully,  and  in  addition  to  various  mining 
properties  which  will  be  more  fully  mentioned 
hereafter,  he  owns  a  quarter  section  of  land, 
well  improved,  in  tliis  county. 

Emery  P.  Wheeler  was  born  in  Whiting- 
ham,  Vermont,  on  January  10,  1848,  the  sou  of 
Ephraim  and  Hannah  (Davidson)  Wheeler, 
both  natives  of  Whitingham,  Vermont.  The 
mother  died  in  1884,  aged  seventy-eight,  but 
the  father  is  living  in  his  native  place,  aged 
eighty-seven.  Our  subject  received  a  good 
commercial  education  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  1874;  then  he  came  via  New 
York  and  Panama  to  San  Francisco,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  a  mercantile  business,  first  as 
salesman,  then  embarked  for  himself  at  Bakers- 
field,  in  the  same  state.  In  1884  he  came  to 
Spokane  and  did  business  for  two  years,  then 
began  prospecting  in  British  Columbia,  Idaho, 
Montana,  and  Washington.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  to  make  location  on  Mineral  Hill  and  was 
the  organizer  of  the  Mineral  Hill  Mining  com- 
pany, which  owns  sixteen  claims  on  the  hill, 
covering  the  main  ledge  which  goes  through 
the  apex  of  the  mountain.  They  did  about  two 
thousand  feet  of  prospect  work  before  deciding 
upon  their  permanent  development  work  and 
now  have  one  thousand  feet  done  on  their  main 
tunnel.  Their  ledge  has  large  assays  in  gold, 
silver  and  copper,  silver  predominating.  Mr. 
Wheeler  is  manager  and  Dr.  Jacob  ]\Iay,  of 
Connecticut,  and  several  other  eastern  men  are 
interested  in  the  property.  They  are  pushing 
development  work  rapidly  and  it  is  supposed 
the  mine  will  soon  be  a  shipper.  Mr.  Wheeler 
is  also  interested  in  copper  properties  with 
Spokane  capitalists. 


6io 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH   WASHINGTON. 


In  1873,  at  North  Adams,  ^Massachusetts, 
where  Mr.  Wheeler  was  doing  some  business 
at  the  time,  he  married  Miss  Jennie  L.  Wheeler. 
While  of  the  same  name  he  and  his  wife  are 
not  related  by  blood.  Her  parents,  Zachariah 
and  Caroline  Wheeler,  are  both  natives  of  \'er- 
mont.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wheeler  three  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  Maude  L.,  Bertha  M.  and 
Arthur  E.  Mr.  Wheeler  is  one  of  the  respon- 
sible mining  men  of  the  country  and  is  well  and 
favorablv  known. 


FRANK  J.  CUMMINGS,  better  known  as 
"Pard,"  is  a  leading  merchant  at  Riverside, 
Okanogan  county.  lie  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber 13,  1852,  in  Aristook  county,  Maine, 
where  he  passed  his  boyhood  days.  When  still 
a  lad  he  left  home  and'  began  life  in  the  west. 
He  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Cali- 
fornia, then  went  to  Montana  in  1873,  after 
which  he  traveled  to  various  sections  of  the 
west  and  northwest.  He  followed  the  stage 
business  in  ^Montana  for  five  years,  then  came 
to  Yakima  in  the  same  line  of  business.  In 
1896  he  first  located  in  Okanogan  county  and 
the  following  year  brought  his  family  here. 
He  is  now  conducting  a  business  establishment 
near  Riverside,  at  a  place  called  Alma,  and  is 
one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  citizens  of 
the  community. 


JOHN  I.  HONE  is  a  leading  farmer  and 
merchant  of  the  reservation  portion  of  Okano- 
gan county.  The  postoffice  of  Bonaparte  is  in 
his  store  and  his  farm  lies  a  little  southwest 
therefrom. 

John  I.  Hone  was  born  on  December  4, 
1859.  in  Allegany  county,  [Maryland,  the  son 
of  John  P.  Hone,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  prominent  educator  of  his  day.  He  died 
in  Delaware,  Ohio,  some  time  since.  He  had 
married  Mary  E.  Browning,  a  native  of  Mary- 
land, among  \Ahose  ancestors  was  the  noted 
hunter,  Maseeh  Browning,  and  the  poet, 
Robert  Browning.  She  died  in  Spokane,  hav- 
ing been  the  mother  of  eight  cliildren,  Charles 
F.;  Mrs.  Mary  Gannon,  [Mrs.  IMartha  J.  Wil- 
son, Anna  C,  our  subject,  Mrs.  Josephine 
Long,  Dennis  and  Rosa,  .\fter  receiving  his 
educational  training  our  subject,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  went  to  work  on  the  construction  of 


railroads.  On  January  9,  1S81,  he  married 
Miss  Agnes  C.  Riley,  whose  father,  Michael 
Riley,  was  one  of  the  first  to  cross  the  plains  in 
1849.  Later  he  went  to  Australia,  then  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco,  where  he  died.  In 
the  fall  of  1881  the  wife  of  Mr.  Hone  died  at 
Atlanta,  Iowa,  whither  they  had  moved.  He 
returned  to  Ohio  soon  after  this  sad  event, 
then  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1883  came 
to  Spokane,  where  he  engaged  in  the  livery 
business  on  Main  avenue.  He  was  also  inter- 
ested in  the  lumber  business  at  Chattaroy  and 
did  some  freighting  to  Okanogan  county.  In 
1891  Mr.  Hone  went  to  Corning,  Ohio,  where 
on  November  11  of  that  year  he  married  Miss 
Alice,  daughter  of  Morgan  and  [Mary  (Haugh- 
ran)  Curran,  natives  of  Ohio.  Mrs.  Hone  was 
born  in  Perry  county,  Ohio,  on  February  28, 
1861,  and  her  father  was  a  discoverer  of  the 
famous  oil  wells  and  was  a  prominent  machin- 
ist, being  in  business  yet.  Her  mother  is  also 
still  living.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve 
children,  those  of  whom  are  living  are 
named  as  follows,  Mrs.  Hone,  Peter,  Charles, 
George,  Edward  and  Rose.  After  his  mar- 
riage, Mr.  Hone  returned  to  Spokane  and  took 
up  the  livery  business  and  also  operated  a  farm 
on  Peone  prairie.  In  the  spring  of  1900  he 
moved  to  Brewster  and  as  soon  as  the  reser- 
vation opened,  took  his  present  farm,  which 
lies  one  mile  southwest  of  Bonaparte.  He  also 
opened  his  store  and  has  done  first-class  busi- 
ness in  general  merchandise  since.  Mrs.  Hone 
is  postmistress  and  operates  the  store  largely, 
while  Mr.  Hone  devotes  himself  to  the  farm. 
In  addition  to  this  property  they  own  a  fine 
farm  on  Peone  prairie  and  a  nine  room  dwell- 
ing on  Nora  avenue,  in  Spokane.  Mr.  Hone 
freights  a  good  deal  of  his  merchandise  from 
various  places  and  is  a  very  active,  industrious 
man.  Six  children  ha^•e  been  born  to  them, 
named  as  follows,  [Mark  F.,  Mary  A.,  Frances 
H.,  Nora  E.,  deceased,  Rose  G.  and  Margaret 
J.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hone  are  both  members  of 
the  Catholic  church  and  are  good  people. 


PRINCE  A.  LANCASTER  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  of  the  reservation  portion  of 
Okanogan  county.  The  real  thrift,  industry 
and  progressiveness  which  have  characterized 
his  labors  since  coming  here,  mark  him  a  real 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


6i] 


pioneer,  and  the  fact  that  he  has  a  ranch  al- 
most entirely  under  cultivation  in  less  than 
three  years,  shows  what  he  has  accomplished. 

Prince  A.  Lancaster  was  born  in  Schuyler 
county,  Missouri,  on  June  i6,  1872.  His 
father,  William  S.  Lancaster,  was  born  in 
Liverpool,  England,  and  came  to  Iowa  when 
fourteen.  In  1852  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
California  and  followed  mining  and  freighted 
in  California,  Oregon.  \\'ashington  and  Idaho. 
He  brought  the  tirst  steamboat  machinery 
from  the  Columbia  river  to  the  Pend  d'Oreille 
lake  and  was  in  partnership  with  ex-Gover- 
nor Miles  C.  Moore.  In  1862  he  went  to 
Montana,  thence  to  Fort  Benton  and  down  the 
IMissouri  and  spent  the  winter  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  After  this  he  went  to  Pennsylvania 
and  married  Miss  Mary  ]McGee.  They  trav- 
eled west  to  Iowa  and  thence  to  Missouri  and 
afterward  to  the  Black  Hills  in  South  Dakota, 
and  in  1888  they  crossed  the  country  to  Rath- 
drum,  Idaho,  where  the  father  remained  until 
his  death,  on  August  23,  1903,  being  then  sev- 
enty-two years  old.  The  mother  is  li\-ing 
there  on  the  homestead  now.  Our  subject  is 
the  fifth  one  of  a  family  of  ten  children  and  ac- 
companied his  parents  in  their  various  jour- 
neys after  his  birth,  until  1892,  when  he  started 
out  for  himself.  He  went  to  the  Coeur  d' 
Alene  country  and  mined  in  Murray.  Wallace 
and  Burke,  and  later  visited  the  various  camps 
in  British  Columbia.  At  the  time  the  reserva- 
tion opened  he  located  his  present  place,  ten 
miles  southwest  from  Chesaw,  and  at  noon  of 
that  day  started  on  hofseback  to  Waterville,  at 
which  place  he  arrived  at  seven  o'clock  the 
next  morning.  As  stated,  his  place  is  prac- 
tically all  under  cultivation,  well  fenced  and 
supplied  with  water,  a  large  forty  by  fifty  foot 
barn  and  a  comfortable  residence. 

JNIr.  Lancaster  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and 
the  grand  lodge,  having  passed  all  the  degrees. 
He  also  belongs  to  the  miner's  union  and  is  a 
popular  and  substantial  young  man. 


GEORGE  W.  LOUDON  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  successful  stockmen  of  Okano- 
gan count)-  and  has  wrought  here  with  display 
of  wisdom  and  industry  since  1891,  having 
now  several  thousand  sheep  besides  two  valu- 
able ranches.     One  of  two  hundred  acres  lies 


near  Oroville  and  is  utilized  mostly  for 
meadow  purposes.  The  other  one,  of  two 
hundred  and  twenty  acres,  lies  on  the  Simil- 
kameen  and  is  also  utilized  for  hay.  He  ex- 
pects to  improve  this  in  excellent  shape  and 
make  it  his  permanent  home.  In  addition  to 
this  property  mentioned  Mr.  Loudon  owns  a 
residence  in  Loomis,  where  he  is  at  the  present 
time. 

George  W.  Loudon  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  on  August  12,  1855,  the 
son  of  Oberlin  and  Eliza  (Pavitt)  Loudon. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Lincolnshire,  Eng- 
land, came  with  her  parents  to  the  United 
States  when  young  and  died  in  1861.  The 
father  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Cumberland 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  December  6,  1830, 
the  sixth  of  a  family  of  seventeen  children. 
He  was  educated  for  the  ministry  and  later 
retired  from  that  and  took  up  the  machinist 
business.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, James  Loudon,  was  also  born  in  Carlisle, 
the  date  being  2vlarch  9,  1799.  He  was  a  pub- 
lisher and  book  binder  and  died  at  the  age  of 
eighty-four.  The  great  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  Archibald  Loudon,  was  born  in  Penn- 
syvania  in  1854,  served  as  colonel  in  the  Revo- 
lution and  was  appointed  by  President  Wash- 
ington the  first  postmaster  of  Carlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  died  aged  eighty-six.  Archibald 
Loudon,  the  great-great-grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  born  while  his  parents  were  cross- 
ing the  ocean  from  Scotland  to  the  American 
colonies,  the  event  taking  place  when  their  ship 
was  in  the  gulf  stream. 

Our  subject  has  one  sister,  IMrs.  Mary  L. 
Hollingsworth.  He  grew  up  in  Philadelphia 
and  there  was  Avell  educated.  On  account  of 
his  father  working  at  the  machinist  trade  he 
learned  the  same  and  wrought  in  the  shops  in 
Philadelphia,  Pittsburg  and  Altoona.  In  1875 
he  came  to  Carson,  Nevada,  whither  his  father 
had  come,  and  there  was  tool  sharpener  for 
some  time,  then  took  charge  of  the  large  water 
works  there,  after  which  service  he  went  to  Bo- 
die,  California.  In  1883  he  came  to  Seattle  and 
two  years  later  was  in  Ellensburg,  where  he 
did  farming  and  stock  raising.  In  the  fall  of 
1 89 1  he  came  to  his  present  farm  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Oroville  and  located  land.  He  had  a 
large  band  of  cattle  and  the  winter  of  1892-3 
nearly  wiped  them  out.  He  sold  out  his  cattle 
in  TOGO    and    iiought    sheep,    which    stock    he 


HISTORY    OF    KORTH    WASHINGTON. 


handles  now.     He  raises  the  ]\Ierino  and  De- 
laine breeds  and  is  doing  well. 

On  April  3.  1876,  Air.  Loudon  married 
Miss  Maria,  daughter  of  Hugh  and  Jane 
Montgomery,  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  The 
father  died  in  Ellensburg,  aged  eighty-eight. 
The  mother  passed  away  in  San  Francisco  in 
her  sixty-seventh  year.  Mrs.  Loudon  was  born 
in  Ireland  and  has  three  brothers,  Dr.  John 
Alontgomery,  a  prominent  physician,  Charles, 
a  wealthy  hotel  man,  and  George,  a  capitalist, 
all  in  San  Francisco.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lou- 
don there  have  been  born  the  following  chil- 
dren :  Elizabeth,  wife  of  F.  Richter,  of  Kere- 
meos,  British  Columbia;  Ada,  wife  of  C.  Rich- 
ter, in  Hedley,  British  Columbia;  George  F. ; 
May  I.;  Charles  M. ;  Paul  F. ;  Francis  R. ; 
Ruth  and  Llovd.  Mr.  Loudon  is  a  member 
of  the  \V.  W. ' 


DANIEL  G.  CHILSON.  Surely  the  re- 
liable prospector  is  a  man  deserving  credit 
from  every  American  citizen,  since  the  vast 
quantities  of  wealth  of  this  country  have  been 
brought  to  life  through  his  efforts.  Following 
this  unique  and  strong  character  always  goes 
the  mining  engineer  and  expert,  whose  forces 
assist  to  bring  into  circulation  these  vast 
amounts  discovered  by  the  prospector.  The 
mining  expert  is  also  a  great  benefactor.  When 
we  find  both  these  ciualities  combined  in  one 
man,  who  is  promoted  by  an  energy  that  never 
tires  and  directed  by  keen  wisdom  and  consu- 
mmate skill  which  leads  to  success  after  success, 
we  certainly  have  men  deserving  of  especial 
mention  in  the  history  of  the  country.  Such 
a  one  is  the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr.  Chil- 
son  is  not  a  school  made  man,  although  he  is 
a  student.  He  is  a  thorougli  worker  ai)d  un- 
derstands the  science  of  geology,  metallurgy, 
mineralogy,  chemistry,  assaying  and  so  forth, 
as  far  as  they  are  real  and  not  theoretical.  He 
is  decidedly  a  practical  man  in  all  these  lines, 
and  in  financial  lines  as  well.  The  magnificent 
success  that  he  has  achieved,  stamps  him  a  man 
of  great  caliber  and  broad  views. 

Daniel  G.  Chilson  was  born  in  Burleson 
county,  Texas,  October  9,  1849,  the  son  of 
Judge  S.  L.  and  Sophie  M.  (Jenkins)  Chilson. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  married  in 
Missouri  and  moved  to  Texas,  where  he  oper- 


ated the  Chilson  hotel  in  Caldwell.  The  family 
later  moved  to  Bandera  county,  where  the  fa- 
ther was  elected  county  judge.  He  served  the 
confederate  cause  through  the  Civil  War,  after 
which  he  came  to  California  and  where  he  has 
remained  since.  Our  subject  was  liberally  edu- 
cated and  early  developed  a  propensity  for  in- 
dependent, personal  investigation,  the  prose- 
cution of  which  has  given  him  his  success  in 
life  largely.  In  1868  he  was  favored  with  a 
companionship  with  Colonel  K.  S.  \\'oolsey,  in 
extended  hunting  tours  through  Arizona,  and 
during  this  time  he  became  an  expert  shot.  In 
1 87 1  he  was  in  California  and  roved  about  over 
the  state.  In  1873  '^^  went  to  Arizona  and  dis- 
covered some  lead  mines  at  Castle  Dame.  He 
was  soon  shipping  ore  to  San  Francisco  and 
continued  the  same  until  he  came  out  a  few 
hundred  dollars  in  debt.  Being  a  man  of  en- 
ergv"  he  was  not  daunted  and  this  failure 
simply  whetted  his  appetite  for  further  mining 
ventures.  Gaining  the  assistance  of  James  M. 
Narney,  a  wealthy  wholesale  merchant  at 
Yuma,  }oung  Chilson  was  soon  in  the  field 
again  and  discovered  the  Silver  Nuggett,  from 
which  he  cleaned  up  eighty-two  thousand  dol- 
lars in  a  very  short  time.  Major  W.  W.  Le- 
land,  of  New  York,  was  the  man  that  intro- 
duced him  to  the  New  York  capitalists  with 
whom  he  was  enabled  to  stock  the  mine,  in 
which  deal  he  made  two  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars more.  His  next  discovery  was  the  Mineral 
Creek  mines,  where  he  located  a  mill  at  the 
expense  of  ninety  thousand  dollars  and  lost  the 
whole  thing,  through  hostile  Indians.  Other 
reverses  in  mining  speculations  took  all  of 
what  he  had  left,  except  a  twenty-five  thous- 
and dollar  farm  in  Los  Angeles  county.  Fol- 
lowing this  Mr.  Chilson  was  in  various  deals, 
both  gaining  and  losing  money,  always  cling- 
ing to  the  mining  ventures.  It  may  be  said  of 
him  that  what  he  made  in  mining  he  would 
always  use  to  further  develop  some  property. 
In  1876  he  cohimenced  assaying  and  in  every 
department  in  the  science  he  made  thorough  in- 
vestigations, until  he  is  now  a  most  skillful  ex- 
pert. In  1876  Mr.  Chilson  took  charge  of  the 
Young  America  mine,  near  Bossburg,  and  one 
year  later  located  in  Loomis.  Since  coming 
here  he  has  put  through  several  good  deals,  be- 
sides attending  to  a  general  assaying  business. 
Mr.  Chilson  is  entire  owner  of  the  Paymaster 
grciuiJ  of  mines,  located  about  fifteen  miles  west 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


613 


of  Loomis,  on  Toat  Coulee  creek,  and  indica- 
tions show  tliat  there  is  a  fortune  waiting  for 
him  in  this  property.  In  1S88  he  located  his 
present  farm,  which  joins  the  town  of  Loomis, 
and  is  a  very  valuable  property.  He  has  a 
good  residence,  commodious  office  and  labora- 
tory near  by,  a  thousand  bearing  trees  and 
raises  cattle. 

On  January  13,  1891,  Mr.  Chilson  married 
Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  J. 
(Wilkes)  Hall,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.  To  them  one  child,  Daniel  G.,  Jr., 
has  been  born.  Mrs.  Chilson  is  a  well  edu- 
cated lady  and  has  become  thoroughly  inter- 
ested in  mining  assays,  as  is  her  husband,  and 
has  rendered  Mr.  Chilson  most  valuable  as- 
sistance. Too  much  credit  can  scarcely  be 
given  to  this  remarkable  lady  for  the  self  denial 
and  excellent  spirit  manifested  in  her  husband's 
business,  which  at  times  is  exceedingly  trying 
and  arduous,  and  especially  so  in  the  hours 
Avhen  the  clouds  iiang  low.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chil- 
son have  hosts  of  friends  and  are  well  re- 
spected in  the  community. 


CHARLES  GRANT  resides  six  miles 
north  from  Pateros  and  gets  his  mail  at 
Methow.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
the  Methow  valley  and  has  been  constantly  en- 
gaged in  the  good  labor  of  improvement  and 
development  since  the  time  of  his  migration 
to  this  point.  When  he  first  came  here  the 
supplies  had  to  be  drawn  from  Sprague  and 
Spokane  and  the  mail  was  obtained  at  Water- 
ville.  He  was  one  of  twelve  settlers  of  the 
lower  ]\Iethow  valley,  at  that  time.  Eighteen 
hundred  eighty-eight  was  the  year  in  which  he 
took  his  present  land  by  squatter's  right,  to 
which  he  has  since  obtained  title  through  the 
homestead  right.  The  land  is  well  fenced  and 
supplied  with  other  improvements,  including 
buildings,  orchards  and  so  forth.  His  ranch 
is  subirrigated  by  seven  living  springs  and  he 
raises  three  crops  of  alfalfa  without  irrigation._ 
Mr.  Grant  raises  from  seventy-five  to  one  hun- 
dred head  of  cattle  each  year  and  produces  all 
the  hay  and  forage  necessary  f(^r  the  same  on 
his  own  ranch.  He  has  also  plenty  of  horses 
and  raises  a  great  many  hogs. 

Charles  Grant  was  born  in  Grantown,  INIur- 
rayshire,  Scotland,  on  October  3,  1861.  the  son 


of  Charles  and  Jane  (Ross)  Grant,  natives  of 
Scotland,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  Our  subject  spent  the  first  twenty  years 
of  his  life  in  his  native  land,  being  trained  by 
his  father  in  the  good  work  of  the  husband- 
man. In  educational  lines  he  received  his  train- 
ing in  the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  departed  from  his  home  and  soon  landed  in 
Ontario,  Canada,  where  he  farmed  for  four 
years.  He  next  went  to  Grant  county,  Oregon, 
remaining  there  and  near  Day  ville  until  1888, 
in  which  year  he  came  to  the  Methow,  as 
noted  above. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Grant  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  O.  W.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing  in 
the  community  and  has  never  yet  seen  fit  to 
forsake  the  joys  of  the  celibatarian  for  a  voy- 
age on  the  matrimonial  sea. 


EDWARD  S.  OVERACKER,  who  re- 
sides eight  miles  south  of  Kipling,  is  one  of  the 
leading  stock  men  and  farmers  of  this  section. 
He  has  manifested  a  true  pioneer  spirit,  in  that 
he  wended  his  way  to  this  country  and  has 
opeiied  up  a  good  farm,  while  he  possesses 
other  property  in  the  older  settled  sections. 

Edward  S.  Overacker  was  born  in  Jones 
county,  Iowa,  on  October  10,  1866.  His  fa- 
ther, William  Overacker,  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  served  in  the  Civil  War,  being  discharged 
on  account  of  disability.  He  married  Miss 
Lydia  Kramer,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  to 
them  were  born  tweh-e  children.  Those 
living  are  named  as  follows,  Mrs.  Adelia 
Denney,  Mrs.  Phoebe  Wilson,  Mrs.  Emma 
Brigham,  and  our  subject.  When  our  sub- 
ject was  six  years  of  age  the  family  came 
to  Red  Willow  county,  Nebraska,  and  in 
1877  they  journeyed  thence  by  ox  team  to  the 
vicinity  of  Genesee,  Idaho,  putting  up  the  first 
store  in  that  section.  The  father  took  a  home- 
stead. It  was  seven  miles  distant  from  the 
nearest  neighbor,  and  there  he  devoted  his  la- 
bors until  his  death,  in  1884.  The  mother  re- 
mained there  three  years  longer,  then  passed 
a\\ay. 

On  June  21,  1890,  Mr.  Overacker  married 
Miss  ]\Iay  Arant,  a  native  of  Coos  county, 
Oregon.  Her  parents,  Samuel  F.  and  Martha, 
came  to  Oregon  in  a  very  early  day  and  later 
maved  to  Idaho.     Not  liking  the  country  they 


6i4 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


returned  to  Mansfield,  Oregon,  where  they  now 
live.  In  1897  Mr.  Overacker  was  called  to 
mourn  the  death  of  his  beloved  wife,  who  had 
borne  to  him  two  children.  Louisa,  born  on 
June  6,  1894,  and  now  living  with  her  father; 
Laura,  born  on  January  28,  1896,  who  died 
January  18,  1900.  When  the  reservation 
opened  Mr.  Overacker  was  ready  to  come 
hither  and  located  his  present  place,  to  the  im- 
provement and  cultivation  of  which  he  has 
since  devoted  himself.  He  has  a  good 
orchard,  plenty  of  water  and  his  land  is 
of  the  best  in  this  vicinity.-  Fraternally  Mr. 
Overacker  is  affiliated  with  the  W.  W.,  while  in 
religious  persuasion  he  belongs  to  the  United 
Brethren  denomination,  of  which  church  also 
his  wife  was  a  member.  Mr.  Overacker  is 
esteemed  as  one  of  the  good  citizens  of  the 
country  and  has  shown  himself  thrifty  and  in- 
dustrious. 


SAM  PATTERSON  is  an  energetic  and 
sagacious  stockman  and  farmer  of  Okanogan 
county,  residing  about  three  miles  north  from 
Twisp,  where  he  owns  a  valuable  estate,  all 
under  ditch  and  especially  adapted  for  alfalfa 
raising.  Substantial  improvements  adorn  the 
farm  and  ]\Ir.  Patterson  is  constantly  adding 
to  them  and  is  making  his  place  one  of  the  best 
farms  in  the  county.  He  feeds  about  fifty  head 
of  cattle  each  winter,  has  a  nice  orchard  and  is 
a  prosperous  citizen. 

Sam  Patterson  is  a  native  of  the  Evergreen 
state,  being  born  at  Walla  Walla,  on  June  25, 
1864,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Vine  (Garshie) 
Patterson,  who  are  now  retired  from  active 
life  and  are  dwelling  in  Illinois.  In  the  schools 
of  Walla  Walla  :\Ir.  Patterson  received  his 
educational  training  and  remained  there  and  in 
the  adjoining  county  until  1889,  when  he 
sought  a  place  in  Okanogan  county,  six  miles 
west  of  where  he  now  lives.  Seven  years  were 
spent  in  opening  up  and  developing  that  farm, 
then  Mr.  Patterson  Ix)ught  his  present  place 
and  has  resided  there  since.  He  produces  many 
tons  of  alfalfa  annually  and  has  become  skill- 
ful in  handling  that  excellent  crop.  ]Mr.  Pat- 
terson takes  an  interest  in  the  upbuilding  of  the 
county,  and  especially  in  the  betterment  of  the 
educational  facilities  and  has  been  director  of 
his  district  for  six  successive  years. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  W.  O. 


W.  and  the  F.  O.  A.  Mr.  Patterson  is  also 
interested  in  the  Bartley  Irrigation  Company, 
being  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  same. 
Their  ditch  is  now  built.  In  1891,  in  Methow 
valley,  Mr.  Patterson  married  Miss  Elsie 
Hartle,  daughter  of  John  and  Merrilda  (Clem- 
ens) Hartle.  The  father  is  a  farmer  in  the 
]\Iethow  valley,  while  the  mother  died  when 
Mrs.  Patterson  was  a  child.  Six  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson,  Albert 
Merrelda,  J.  Arthur,  Joseph  L..  Anna  V.  and 
Earl  F. 


PETER  L.  FILER,  who  is  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  the  Alethow  valley,  is  to- 
day one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  valley  and 
also  one  of  its  prosperous  farmers  and  stock- 
men. 

Peter  L.  Filer  was  born  in  Dallas  county, 
Texas,  on  April  9,  1862,  the  son  of  Jacob  and 
Martha  (Bacies)  Filer,  farmers  in  that  county. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  education  from  the 
common  schools,  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  he  was  grown  to  manhood.  Then 
came  a  period  of  ranching  for  himself,  and  in 
1885  he  erected  a  cotton  gin,  which  he  operated 
successfully  at  Mesquite,  Texas,  for  some  time. 
After  that  we  see  j\'Ir.  Filer  on  the  road  for  an 
agricultural  implement  house,  and  in  1887  he 
came  to  W'ashington.  For  a  short  time  he  re- 
mained in  Kittitas  county  and  then  sought  out 
his  present  place,  about  five  miles  east  from 
Twisp.  He  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
well  unproved,  and  largely  sown  to  alfalfa. 
In  addition  to  this  IMr.  Filer  has  another  quar- 
ter section  in  the  valley,  which  also  is  alfalfa 
land  and  which  is  well  improved.  He  has  com- 
fortable buildings  on  both  places  and  a  well 
assorted  orchard  for  home  use.  Mr.  Filer  also 
raises  stock  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of 
this  section.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Okano- 
gan Record  at  Conconully,  and  a  man  who 
takes  great  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity. 

In  Wise  couty,  Texas,  in  1881,  Mr.  Filer 
married  to  Miss  Emma  F.,  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin and  Amanda  (Sweet)  Cole,  farmers  of 
Dallas  county.  One  child,  Ernest  E.,  was  born 
to  this  union.  In  1885,  at  Mesquite,  Texas, 
Mr.  Filer  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his 
wife.  On  July  3,  1896.  Mr.  Filer  married  Miss 
Bertha,  daughter  of  M.  G.  and  Eliza  (Nickell) 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


615 


Stone,  who  now  dwell  on  Bear  creek,  in 
Okanogan  county.  To  this  marriage  there  have 
been  born  the  following  children,  Ora  Belle, 
Imogene  and  an  infant  girl  unnamed.  Mr. 
Filer  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W.  and  the 
Order  of  Washington  and  for  eight  successive 
years  he  has  been  clerk  of  his  school  district. 
Mr.  Filer  was  the  first  mail  carrier  from 
Ruby  to  Silver,  over  the  Loop  Loop  trail.  This 
was  in  the  winter  of  1889.  After  that  he  con- 
tracted to  carry  the  daily  mail  from  Brewster 
to  Winthrop.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  prin- 
ciples and  has  won  for  himself  hosts  of  friends. 


WILLIAM  F.  RUARK  is  one  of  the  en- 
terprising and  successful  mining  men  and  far- 
mers of  Okanogan  county,  and  is  at  present 
residing  in  Pateros,  where  he  also  owns  prop- 
erty. He  was  born  in  Platte  county,  Missouri, 
on  November  10.  1854,  the  son  of  Franklin 
and  Martha  M.  (Wells)  Ruark.  The  father 
died  when  this  son  was  two  years  old  and  the 
mother  later  married  John  B.  Simmons  and  is 
now  living  in  Heppner,  Oregon.  The  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  furnished  the  edu- 
cational training  that  our  subject  was  favored 
with,  and  when  he  had  reached  man's  estate 
he  migrated  to  Modoc  county,  in  northern  Cali- 
fornia, and  there  engaged  in  blacksmithing,  a 
trade  he  had  learned  in  his  younger  days. 
Later  he  went  to  Boise  and  there  beat  his  anvil 
to  the  tune  of  honest  industry  for  seven  years. 
After  this  he  located  in  Heppner,  Oregon,  and 
there  wrought  at  the  forge  for  twelve  years. 
After  this  he  came  on  to  Okanogan  county  and 
took  up  stock  raising.  In  1900  he  removed 
from  the  ranch  to  Pateros  and  has  resided  there 
since.  Adjoining  the  town  Mr.  Ruark  has  a 
fruit  ranch  of  forty-nine  acres,  which  is  well 
set  to  the  various  kinds  of  fruit  that  do  well  in 
this  latitude.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned 
peaches,  appl^,  prunes,  plums,  grapes  and  so 
forth.  A  portion  of  the  land  is  producing  good 
alfalfa,  being  under  a  ditch.  Mr.  Ruark's  son 
is  now  attending  to  the  farm  and  resides  there. 
Mr.  Ruark  is  superintendent  of  the  Black 
Eagle  mines  and  half  owner.  He  is  also  inter- 
ested in  other  property  and  is  prosperous.  Po- 
litically Mr.  Ruark  has  always  been  a  Demo- 
crat and  is  active  in  this  realm.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  has  served  as  justice 
of  the  peace. 


At  Boise,  Idaho,  on  July  4,  1879,  Mr. 
Ruark  married  Miss  Mary  A.,  daughter  of 
Francis  M.  and  Hannah  (Bacon)  Wilmarth. 
One  son,  Egbert  A.,  has  been  born  to  them,  the 
date  of  his  nativity  being  August  30,  1880. 
This  young  man  married  Miss  Annie  Thurlow, 
and  they  have  one  little  girl,  Thema  A. 


JOHN  C.  GARRETT  is  one  of  the  in- 
dustrious and  prosperous  farmers  of  the 
Methow  valley,  and  resides  seven  miles  west 
from  Twisp.  He  was  born  in  Hickman 
county,  Tennessee,  on  November  10,  1839,  the 
son  of  James  B.  and  Charity  (Kimmons)  Gar- 
rett, natives  of  Tennessee.  They  both  died  in 
Arkansas.  Our  subject  remained  in  Tennessee 
until  eighteen,  getting  his  educational  training 
there,  and  gaining  vigor  by  the  excellent  exer- 
cise of  an  agricultural  life.  At  the  age  last 
mentioned  he  went  to  Washington  county,  Ar- 
kansas, and  thence  in  1879,  to  Modoc  county, 
California,  where  he  farmed  until  1882.  Then 
I\Ir.  Garrett  came  to  Harney  county,  Oregon, 
and  there  raised  cattle,  horses  and  mules  until 
1900.  In  that  year  he  came  to  the  Methow  val- 
ley and  bought  his  present  place,  which  he  is 
improving  in  a  very  fine  manner.  He 
is  still  handling  horses  and  mules  and  is  skilled 
in  these  lines.  Mr.  Garrett  has  an  estate  of  one 
half  section  and  is  making  it  a  fine  farm.  He 
formerly  was  in  the  merchandise  business  in 
Arkansas,  but  takes  more  pleasure  in  stock 
raising. 

On  June  i,  1861,  Mr.  Garrett  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Third  Arkansas  Infantry,  in  the 
confederate  army,  and  fought  in  the  battles  of 
Wilson  Creek,  Elk  Horn  and  Corinth,  besides 
many  others.  In  1863  he  was  transferred  to 
the  cavalry,  under  General  J.  M.  Fagan,  where 
he  served  until  June  5,  1865,  when  he  surren- 
dered with  his  regiment  at  Jacksonport,  Ar- 
kansas. After  the  first  year  in  the  infantry 
]\Ir.  Garrett  was  lieutenant,  and  in  the  cavalry 
he  was  captain  of  his  company,  which  was 
called  the  Paw  Paw  Rangers.  After  the  war 
Mr.  Garrett  took  up  Democratic  politics  and 
has  adhered  to  that  line  since  that  time.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  first  Democratic  central 
committee  of  Harney  county  and  has  held  va- 
rious responsible  offices  in  the  places  where  he 
has  resided.     In  1902  Mr.  Garrett  ran  for  the 


6i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


legislature  against  Dr.  J.  I.  Pogue  and  was  de- 
feated by  only  forty-two  votes.  Dr.  Pogue 
was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  county 
and  our  subject  had  been  here  Ijut  a  short  time. 
This  shows  the  popularity  he  has  acquired  in 
this  short  time. 

In  1895.  while  in  Washington  county,  Ar- 
kansas, Mr.  Garrett  married  Miss  Nancy  E., 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  (Sharp) 
Dodson,  natives  of  Tennessee.  The  father  was 
a  prominent  Baptist  preacher  for  fifty  years. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Garrett  the  following  named 
children  have  been  born :  Edna,  wife  of  Si- 
mon Lewis,  of  Burns.  Oregon ;  Julia,  wife  of 
Judge  T.  J.  Shields,  of  Harney  county,  Ore- 
gon :  Emma,  wife  of  R.  J.  Williams,  county 
commissioner  of  Harney  county;  Lizzie,  wife 
of  P.  M.  Cheney,  of  Harney  county;  Stella, 
wife  of  R.  N.  Miller,  of  Twisp;  Arlu,  wife  of 
A.  G.  Vanderpool,  in  Harney  county;  R.  C., 
married  to  Lora  Rader,  and  living  in  Twisp; 
Joseph  T.,  single  and  operating  a  harness  and 
saddle  shop  in  Burns,  Oregon ;  and  two  others, 
who  died  in  infancy,  one  son  and  one  daughter. 


JAMES  M.  HOLT  has  accomplished  a 
work  in  Okanogan  county  which  speaks  for 
itself.  He  is  residing  in  the  town  of  Pateros 
where  he  owns  about  eighty-five  acres  of  land, 
forty-five  of  which  are  under  a  fine  ditch,  his 
own  private  property.  Over  twenty  acres  of 
this  irrigated  land  is  set  out  to  fruit,  mostly 
peaches,  and  at  the  present  time  is  bearing  well. 
Mr.  Holt's  place  is  one  of  the  finest  fruit 
ranches  in  the  Columbia  valley  and  is  especially 
adapted  to  this  industry.  The  farm  is  laid  out 
in  a  very  skillful  manner  and  everything  about 
indicates  the  ability  and  good  taste  of  the 
owner.     It  is  a  very  valuable  piece  of  property. 

James  M.  Holt  was  born  in  Jones  county, 
Iowa,  on  March  2.  1863,  the  son  of  William 
and  Isabelle  (Nickels)  Holt,  natives  of  Indi- 
ana and  Maine,  respectively,  and  now  deceased. 
In  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state  James 
M.  was  well  educated,  and  when  he  had 
reached  ihe  ag'.  of  twenty,  departed  from  his 
home  to  try  his  fortune  for  himself  in  the  world 
at  large.  He  located  at  Deadwood.  South  Da- 
kota, where  eleven  years  were  spent  in  farming. 
After  this  he  was  an  incorporator  of  the  Covina 
^^^-\ter  Company  and  spent  three  years  in  this 


enterprise.  It  was  in  1900  that  ]\Ir.  Holt  lo- 
cated in  Okanogan  county,  four  and  one-half 
miles  northwest  of  Pateros.  Soon  after  he  sold 
his  place  and  secured  the  farm  where  he  now 
resides. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Holt  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  O.  W.  and  is  a  popular  and  substantial 
citizen.  On  April  25,  1887,  at  Deadwood, 
Mr.  Holt  married  Miss  Mary  A.,  daughter  of 
William  and  Margaret  (Donaldson)  Burns, 
natives  of  Ireland  and  England,  respectively. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holt  eight  children  have 
been  born,  named  as  follows:  William  M., 
May  B.,  Edward  V.,  Harry  A.,  Hester  A., 
Margaret,  John  and  Leonard. 


GEORGE  R.  HURLBERT  resides  about 
ele\'en  miles  southwest  from  Loomis,  in  Horse 
Springs  coulee,  where  he  owns  a  good  ranch 
and  does  stock  raising  and  general  farming. 
He  is  one  of  the  industrious  and  progressive 
men  of  the  count}'  and  in  addition  to  this  prop- 
erty, owns  several  other  farms  which  he  rents, 
besides  a  residence  and  other  property  in 
Loomis. 

George  R.  Hurlbert  was  born  on  January 
18,  1 87 1,  in  Page  county,  Iowa,  the  son  of 
William  S.  and  Mary  J.  (Dixon)  Hurlbert. 
The  father  served  in  the  Civil  War  for  four 
years  and  participated  in  several  of  the  fierc- 
est battles  ever  fought  on  American  soil. 
When  an  infant  our  subject  went  with  his 
parents  to  IMissouri,  whence  they  came  in  1874, 
with  ox  teams,  across  the  plains  to  Linn  county, 
Oregon.  In  1877,  they  journeyed  on  through 
to  Colfax,  Washington,  being  one  of  the  first 
families  to  settle  in  that  vicinity.  In  1883, 
they  came  to  Wilbur  and  located  about  twelve 
miles  northwest  of  that  place,  being  among  the 
first  there,  where  the  parents  now  reside.  At 
the  early  age  of  thirteen,  our  subject,  to  use  his 
own  expression,  began  "rustling"  for  himself. 
He  was  an  active  and  persistent  boy.  and  soon 
found  himself  engaged  in  the  acquisition  of 
wealth.  He  wrought  in  the  Couer  d'Alene 
country,  then  rode  the  range  in  central  \\'ash- 
ington  and  British  Columbia,  passing  through 
the  Okanogan  country,  in  1889.  Later  he 
settled  in  this  section  and  took  the  land  where 
he  now  makes  his  home,  as  a  homestead,  since 
which  time  he  has  given  himself  Iarg"ely  to  gen- 
eral farming. 


GEORGE  R.  HURLBERT. 


FRED  VENTZKE. 


JAMES   P.   BLAINE. 


E.  K.   PENDERGAST. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


617 


On  December  31,  1896,  at  Wilbur,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Hurlbert  married  Miss  Bessie  M. 
whose  father,  S.  A.  Hicks,  now  lives  near 
Wilbur.  To  this  union  one  child  has  been 
born.  Grant  H.  Mr.  Hurlbert  is  a  member  of 
the  W.  W.  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Women  of  Woodcraft.  They  are  enter- 
prising people,  who  receive  the  respect  and  es- 
teem of  all  and  have  wrought  with  faithful- 
ness since  coming  to  this  countrv. 


FRED  F.  VENTZKE  is  well  known  as 
a  business  man  of  Okanogan  county,  whose 
energies  and  keen  wisdom  have  been  largely 
toward  developing  mineral  resources  so  abund- 
ant here.  His  postoffice  address  is  Winthrop 
and  his  home  is  on  a  homestead  on  the  north 
fork  of  the  Methow.  In  addition  to  giving  his 
attention  to  his  homestead,  he  is  occupied  as 
surveyor  and  United  States  land  commissioner. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  latter  position  by 
Judge  Hanford  of  the  United  States  court.  At 
the  present  time  he  is  making  extensive  mineral 
surveys  at  Slate  creek,  Whatcom  county,  and 
is  heavily  interested  in  mining  properties  there 
and  elsewhere. 

Fred  F.  Ventzke  was  born  in  Portage, 
Wisconsin,  July  15,  1870,  the  son  of  Theodore 
and  Caroline  Ventzke.  He  was  well  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  then  completed  his 
training  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  taking 
his  degree  in  civil  engineering.  He  followed 
this  profession  on  the  railroad  in  various 
places  for  several  years,  finally  coming  to 
Washington  in  1896.  in  the  employ  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  Later  he  returned  to  Mon- 
tana and  operated  on  the  Geor  survey  of  that 
state  and  Idaho.  Completing  his  work,  he  re- 
turned to  Washington  in  the  fall  of  1898,  lo- 
cating in  Okanogan  county  and  taking  his 
homestead  as  stated  above.  He  has  his  place 
well  improved  and  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens 
of  the  countv.  Fraternallv,  he  is  connected 
with  the  K.  P.,  F.  O.  A., 'and  the  M.  W.  A. 
Mr.  \'entzke  is  deputy  county  surveyor  of  Ok- 
anogan county  and  justice  of  the  peace  for 
Winthrop  precinct.  He  is  a  young  man  who 
has  won  the  seteem  and  confidence  of  the  entire 
community  and  has  gained  for  himself  a  good 
property  holding  as  well  as  a  first-class  stand- 


MAJOR  JAMES  P.  BLAINE  is  better 
known  as  "Apache  Jim"  in  Crowford's  poems. 
He  figured  quite  extensively  in  the  trouble 
with  the  Indians  in  the  southwestern  part  of 
the  United  States.  Mr.  Blaine  is  at  present 
doing  a  fine  business  in  assaying  at  Chesaw, 
\\^ashington,  where  he  has  been  engaged  for 
some  time  and  where  he  is  well  known  through 
out  this  section,  not  only  as  a  first  class  assayer 
but  also  as  an  expert  and  skillful  mining  man. 

James  P.  Blaine  was  born  in  Franklin  coun- 
ty, New  York,  on  January  18,  1853,  the  son  of 
Robert  E.  and  Agnes  (Harvey)  Blaine,  natives 
of  Frankhn  county  also.  The  father  was  of 
Scotch  descent,  and  his  father,  the  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  located  the  old  homestead  in 
New  York,  where  his  son,  Robert  E.,  resided 
until  his  death,  and  where  the  brother,  of  our 
subject,  Alexander  D.,  now  resides.  The  fa- 
ther died  in  1887,  aged  seventy-six.  The 
grandfather  fought  in  the  Revolution.  The 
mother  died  six  years  ago  in  her  eighty-ninth 
year.  Her  father,  John  Harvey,  was  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  her  grandfather  fought  for  Amer- 
ican Independence  in  the  Revolution. 

James  P.  is  one  of  six  children  named  as 
follows :  Alexander  W.,  John  H.,  George, 
deceased,  Mrs.  Agnes  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Jeanette 
Kent  and  our  subject.  He  left  home  at  the 
age  of  thirteen,  and  lived  with  his  brother, 
Alexander,  of  Marshall,  Michigan.  He  was 
fairly  well  educated,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
went  to  Hillsborough,  New  Mexico  and  took 
up  mining  and  assaying,  having  become  skilled 
in  that  art  during  his  days  of  study.  He  was 
superintendent  of  the  Chloride  Mining  and  Re- 
duction Company  and  led  the  party  who  made 
the  locations  for  this  company.  He  was  quite 
successful  in  his  work,  then  lost  all.  Later  he 
made  more  money  and  on  November  20,  1886, 
at  Chloride,  he  married  Miss  Jennie  C.  Hart, 
who  was  born  in  Doylestown,  Pennsylvania, 
August  24,  1854.  Her  parents  were  Nathaniel 
and  S.  (Coz)  Hart,  natives  of  New  Jersey. 
The  father  was  a  civil  engineer  and  held  a 
first  lieutenancy  in  the  Civil  War.  in  which  he 
was  killed.  In  1895.  Mr.  Blaine  started  from 
Chloride  with  his  wife  and  five  children  in  a 
wagon,  determined  to  make  bis  way  to  the 
north  country.  He  had  an  assaying  outfit  with 
him  and  did  work  from  New  Mexico  to  Lake 
Chelan,  taking  two  years  to  make  the  trip. 
He  resided  at  Lake  Chelan  for  a  year  doing 
assaying,  and  in  the  spring  of  1898,  came  to 


6i8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Chesaw.  Two  years  later  he  brought  his  fam- 
ily here  to  reside.  The  first  assaying  done  in 
this  section  of  the  country  was  by  Mr.  Blaine, 
on  April  lo,  1898.  He  now  owns  a  good  resi- 
dence, office,  and  other  town  property,  and  is 
doing  a  good  business.  He  is  superintendent 
of  the  Opan  Gold  JMining  Company  and  owns 
a  large  share  of  the  stock.  The  company  has 
fine  property,  and  has  done  about  ten 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  development  work, 
which  shows  a  large  ledge  of  good  gold  value. 
They  have  a  large  amount  of  ore  on  the  dump 
and  will  soon  begin  shipping.  I\Ir.  Blaine  also 
owns  an  interest  in  the  Ben  Harrison  Mining 
Company,  besides  other  mining  property. 

Fraternally,  he  is  associated  with  the 
Eagles.  He  is  an  active  Republican  in  politics 
and  was  county  commissioner  in  New  Mexico, 
and  justice  of  the  peace  at  Lakeside.  He  has 
always  labored  for  better  educational  facili- 
ties and  is  a  progressive  man.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Blaine  have  been  born  these  children, 
Georp-ia  E..  Agnes  T-.  Albert  C.  Anna  H.  and 
Mabel  M. 

In  the  Apache  wars  in  the  southwest,  Mr. 
Blaine  enlisted  as  Captain  in  the  Third  New 
Mexico  regiment.  He  was  soon  promoted  as 
major  of  the  regiment.  They  chased  the  In- 
dians and  fought  all  through  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  Nevada  and  Old  JMexico.  Previous 
to  this  enlistment  he  was  a  scout  under  Gen- 
eral Buell,  and  was  associated  with  the  noted 
scout  poet.  Captain  Jack  Crawford,  and  here 
is  where  he  received  his  soubriquet.  "Apache 
Jim,"  and  was  known  as  a  very  successful  and 
daring  man.  One  day  while  sitting  on  a  ledge 
with  Mr.  Crawford  and  others  in  the  Black 
range  discussing  the  proposition  of  sinking  a 
shaft,  Mr.  Blaine  jumped  to  his  feet  and  as- 
suming a  dramatic  posture  cried,  "to  sink  or 
not  to  sink,  that  is  the  question,"  which  so  im- 
pressed Mr.  Crawford  that  he  composed  a 
poem  known  as  "The  Prospector's  Soliloquy." 
In  this  he  refers  to  Mr.  Blaine  as  a  warm  per- 
sonal friend  and  the  one  largely  responsible 
for  the  production.  Mr.  Blaine  is  a  man  of 
practical  experience  and  has  shown  himself 
to  be  progressive  and  public  minded. 


HON.  EDMOND  K.  PENDER G AST 
was  born  on  ]\Iarch  19.  1864,  at  Salisbury, 
Massachusetts,  then  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Hutchinson,  ^linnesota,  when  two  vears  old. 


where  he  grew  to  manhood.  During  the  sum- 
mers he  wrought  at  manual  labor  and  the  bal- 
ance of  each  year  was  spent  in  gaining  a  good 
education.  After  graduating  from  the  Hutch- 
inson high  school  he  taught  school  and  worked 
on  a  farm  eighteen  months  for  the  purpose  of 
gaining  means  to  secure  a  legal  education.  He 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1889,  and  that  year 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Michigan  by  the 
supreme  court.  He  has  since  been  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Washington.  In  September,  1889, 
Mr.  Pendergast  located  in  Spokane,  Washing- 
ton, and  since  then  he  has  actively  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1890,  he  settled  in 
Waterville  and  there  resided  until  1902.  While 
in  Douglas  county,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
olfice  of  prosecuting  attorney  and  twice  subse- 
quently was  elected  to  the  same  position.  On 
one  occasion  his  opponent  was  the  Hon.  M.  B. 
Malloy,  the  present  register  of  the  United 
States  land  office  in  Waterville  and  now  the 
Republican  nominee  for  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Chelan,  Douglas,  Ferry,  and  Okano- 
gan counties.  In  1899,  ]Mr.  Pendergast  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  from  Douglas  coun- 
ty, having  defeated  the  Hon.  W.  F.  Haynes 
for  that  office.  He  has  also  been  mayor  of 
Waterville,  defeating  Hon.  P.  E.  Berry  in  the 
race. 

On  November  4,  1890,  Judge  Hanford  ap- 
pointed our  subject  commissioner  of  the  United 
States  circuit  court,  for  the  district  of  ^\'ash- 
ington,  and  he  held  the  position  for  four  years. 
He  also  served  as  city  attorney  for  Waterville 
for  nearly  four  years.  On  November  4,  1898, 
Governor  Rogers  appointed  Mr.  Pendergast 
lieutenant  colonel  of  the  National  Guards  and 
assigned  him  to  the  position  of  judge  advocate- 
of  the  first  brigade  of  the  state. 

At  the  request  of  a  number  of  influential 
citizens  in  Okanogan  county,  ]\Ir.  Pendergast 
located  at  Conconully  in  the  fall  of  1902  and 
accepted  the  nomination  for  prosecuting  attor- 
ney on. the  Democratic  ticket.  He  was  prompt- 
ly elected  to  the  position  he  now  holds,  his  op- 
ponent being  Ernest  Peck,  of  the  Okanogan 
county  bar,  an  able  and  popular  lawyer. 

Edmond  K.  Pendergast  is  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Hon.  William  Wirt  Pendergast,  for 
many  years  assistant  and  afterwards  state  su- 
perintendent of  public  instruction  in  the  state 
of  ^linnesota  and  principal  of  the  school  of 
agriculture  of  that  state.     The  mother  of  our 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


619 


subject  was  Abbie  L.  Pendergast.  Edmond  K. 
Pendergast  married  Miss  Ida  D.  Knemeyer  in 
1893  and  they  have  one  son,  Wirt  Wendell, 
born  March  2,  1895. 


EDWARD  F.  WHITE.  The  men  who 
make  history  are  the  men  who  do  things,  and 
in  this  worthy  class  it  is  proper  to  mention 
the  subject  of  this  article,  who  has  led  an  ac- 
tive life  in  various  places  and  is  now  one  of  the 
industrious  and  substantial  citizens  of  Okano- 
gan county.  He  resides  at  Molson,  and  does  a 
general  blacksmithing  business,  while  also  he 
has  a  homestead  near  by  which  is  being  im- 
proved and  cultivated. 

Edward  F.  White  was  born  in  Lawrence, 
St.  Lawrence  county.  New  York,  on  January 
7,  1862,  the  son,  of  Edward  and  Mary 
(Hurley)  White,  natives  of  Ireland,  and  now 
deceased.  The  father  came  here  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two,  and  died  when  seventy-eight.  Our 
subject  was  well  educated,  especially  along 
commercial  lines,  and  also  learned  the  black- 
smith trade  before  reaching  his  majority.  Then 
he  went  to  Michigan  and  in  1883  came  to  the 
state  of  Washington,  locating  at  Vancouver, 
where  he  followed  his  trade.  He  assisted  to 
install  the  machinery  in  one  of  the  large  mills 
there  and  later  we  find  him  at  Xorthport,  erect- 
ing the  smelter.  Sometime  previous  to  this  he 
was  in  the  Carriboo  and  Eraser  river  district, 
and  in  fact  has  been  in  almost  all  of  the  promi- 
nent mines  in  British  Columbia  and  Washing- 
ton. INIr.  White  Tias  traveled  from  coast  to 
coast  in  the  L'.  S.  tweh-e  times.  He  is  a  man 
of  broad  experience  and  was  one  of  the  first 
pioneers  in  Grand  Forks,  where  he  followed 
blacksmithing  and  undertaking,  and,  as  ]\Ir. 
White  remarks,  his  sign  of  undertaking  and 
blacksmithing.  was  rather  out  of  the  ordinary. 
On  April,  1900,  Mr.  White  came  to  Molson 
and  established  a  shop,  and  also  locaterl  a 
homestead  one-half  mile  east  of  the  town.  His 
farm  is  rich  bunch  grass  land,  and  is  improved 
with  a  house,  outbuildings,  fences  and  so  forth. 
He  has  plenty  of  spring  water,  and  also  a  fine 
lake  near  by.  His  ranch  is  known  as  the  Black- 
smith Snowball  Ranch.  He  handles,  in  addi- 
tion to  this  other  enterprises,  a  band  of  cattle. 
Mr.  White  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.     He  is  an  active  Republi- 


can, and  was  deputy  sheriff  for  Clarke  county, 
Washington,  for  one  term. 

Mr.  White  is  interested  in  mines  in  this 
state  and  in  British  Columbia.  He  and  George 
Beaver  discovered,  about  seven  miles  west  of 
Molson,  and  after  investigation,  located  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  coal  land.  He  pre- 
dicts it  is  of  a  good  quality  and  although  the 
vein  is  but  eight  inches  across  at  the  top,  it 
widens  very  rapidly  and  indications  are  that 
there  is  a  good  deposit  of  coal  on  this  land. 
Mr.  White  has  made  his  present  holdings  en- 
tirely by  his  own  efforts,  and  although  he  has 
met  with  many  reverses  during  his  life  he  is 
now  a  man  of  prosperity  and  means. 


JOHN  SCHAFER  is  one  of  the  men 
who  promptly  stepped  forward  to  fight  back 
the  hordes  of  Rebels  when  the  Union  was  in 
danger  of  being  rent  asunder  by  treasonable 
men.  He  fought  long  and  well.  Tor  which  he 
deserves  much  credit.  He  is  now  a  substantial 
citizen  of  Okanogan  county,  and  resides  one 
mile  southwest  from  Kipling  postoffice. 

John  Schafer  v.-as  born  on  November  3, 
1840,  near  Fulda,  Germany,  the  son  of  Con- 
rad and  Katherine  Schafer.  There  were  nine 
children  in  the  family  and  part  of  the  family 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1856  and  the  bal- 
ance in  1857.  Settlement  was  made  in  Mus- 
catine, Iowa,  and  the  parents  have  died  long 
since.  Mr.  Schafer  received  a  good  educa- 
tional training  in  the  fatherland  and  was  en- 
gaged for  \'arious  employers  in  this  country 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  when  he  en- 
listed in  Company  A,  Second  Iowa  Cavalry, 
under  General  Pope.  He  fought  at  New 
Madrid,  Island  Number  10,  Fort  Pillow,  Shi- 
loh  and  Corinth.  He  was  in  almost  constant 
service  in  various  other  battles  and  skirmishes, 
serving  under  Grant  and  Sheridan,  and  being 
severly  wounded  at  the  battle  of  luka.  He 
was  also  at  the  second  battle  of  Corinth.  He 
fought  and  skirmished  against  Price,  Chal- 
mers, Fitzhugh  Lee,  Forest  and  others,  some- 
times being  in  almost  constant  service  day  and 
night.  At  the  battle  of  Tripalo,  Mississippi,  he 
received  a  shot  in  his  head  and  one  in  his  right 
side  and  is  carrying  the  bullet  in  his  side  yet. 
For  two  months  he  was  in  the  hospital  in  Mem- 
phis, Tennessee,  where  he  nearly  lost  his  life. 


620 


HISTORY    OF    XORTH    WASHINGTOX. 


On  many  occasions  Mr.  Schafer  was  sur- 
rounded and  in  great  peril  from  the  enemy, 
but  as  he  was  a  bold  fighter,  he  always  managed 
to  escape.  The  scenes  of  blood  and  carnage  be- 
came familiar  to  him  and  he  endured  all  the 
great  hardships  of  the  soldier's  life.  At  the 
end  of  his  term  of  service  he  reenlisted  and  al- 
together was  in  active  service  four  years.  At 
the  present  time  he  is  receiving  a  pension  of 
seventeen  dollars  per  month.  In  1866  Mr. 
Schafer  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to 
Salt  Lake,  then  followed  prospecting  in  Ari- 
zona and  various  other  places.  He  did  mining 
there  for  seven  years,  then  went  to  Stekeen, 
Alaska,  in  i<S74.  after  which  he  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  in  western  Oregon. 
In  1880  he  went  to  Ains  worth,  Wash- 
ington, and  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness. In  all  of  his  ventures  he  was  successful. 
After  this  he  was  in  Florence,  Elk  City,  Oro- 
fino,  and  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  did  business  in 
Moscow  and  was  doing  well  until  1893,  when 
the  panic  came,  which  involved  him.  and  he 
lost  his  entire  holdings.  Upon  the  opening  of 
the  north  half  of  the  reservation,  on  February 
20,  1 896, 'he  came  hither  and  has  remained  here 
since.  When  settlement  was  allowed  he  took 
his  present  claim  by  soldier's  homestead  and 
has  received  a  patent  for  the  same.  Mr. 
Schafer  has  a  wife  and  one  child,  Pauline.  The 
latter  died  on  August  26.  1903,  being  a  little 
past  twelve  years  of  age. 


FRANK  L.  STANSBURY  resides  on  his 
•estate,  which  adjoins  Oroville  on  the  east.  He 
settled  here  in  1892.  when  the  town  of  Oro- 
ville was  not  yet  started.  Mr.  Stansbury 
bought  the  right  of  a  squatter  to  the  land  he 
now  owns  and  filed  a  homestead.  He  at  once 
began  raising  stock  and  has  been  very  success- 
ful in  that  enterprise  since. 

Frank  L.  Stansbury  was  born  June  22, 
1 86 1,  in  Franklin  county.  Indiana,  the  son  of 
Thomas  M.  and  Samantha  (Hollowell)  Stans- 
bury. also  natives  of  Franklin  county,  and  now 
living  on  the  old  homestead  diere.  To  them 
were  born  seven  children  as  follows :  Edward  : 
Frank  L.,  our  subject:  Mrs.  Estella  Mortes- 
head:  Pearl  .A.,  deceased:  Peter:  Joseph  R. : 
and  Herbert  A.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
his  native  place,  and  grew  to  manhood  on  the 


farm  with  his  parents.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  visited  Kansas,  Oklahoma,  Nebraska 
and  ^Missouri.  He  then  returned  to  Mason 
county.  Illinois,  and  bought  a  farm.  There  he 
remained  until  the  fall  of  1890,  when  he  came 
west  to  Centralia,  Washington.  He  spent 
some  time  in  that  vicinity,  but  decided  that  the 
Okanogan  country  would  suit  him  better  and 
consequently  came  hither  as  stated  above. 
After  taking  a  homestead  and  engaging  in 
stock  business,  he  built  a  large  hotel  in  Oro- 
ville in  the  spring  of  1893.  Later  he  sold  this 
and  gave  his  whole  attention  to  raising  stock. 
He  has  exceptionally  good  hay  land  and  his 
farm  is  well  improved. 

Mr.  Stansbury  married  IMiss  Elizabeth  M. 
Yeardsley,  in  Mason  county,  Illinois.  Her 
parents  were  Royal  and  M.  Josie  Yeardsley, 
the  former  deceased  and  the  latter  living  in 
Oroville.  To  J^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Stansbury  four 
children  have  been  born:  Earl  T.,  Leslie,  El- 
mer, and  Daisy  E.  \\nien  Mr.  Stansbury  first 
came  here,  there  were  but  few  settlers  in  this 
vicinity.  He  has  shown  a  real  pioneer  spirit 
and  commendable  industry,  and  has  achieved 
great  success  while  he  is  to  be  credited  for  his 
efforts  in  upbuilding  the  country. 


JAMES  O.  BURDETT  is  deputy  sheriff 
in  Okanogan  county  and  resides  at  Conconully. 
He  owns  a  fine  large  estate  in  the  Okanogan 
valley,  at  the  mouth  of  Loop  Loop  creek.  It 
is  well  improved  and  returns  fine  dividends  in 
crops  and  stock. 

James  O.  Burdett  was  born  in  ?iIason  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  on  July  3.  1868.  the  son  of  Joshua 
and  Louisa  (Hannes)  Burdett.  natives  of  Ohio. 
The  father  died  in  West  Virginia  in  May.  1901, 
aged  ninety-three,  and  the  mother  died  in  ]\Ia- 
rion,  Ohio,  in  November,  1902,  aged  seventy- 
one.  Our  subject  has  one  brother.  William  S.. 
of  Marion  county.  Ohio.  When  James  O.  was 
six  years  old.  the  family  went  to  \\'est  Vir- 
ginia, and  he  remained  there  with  his  parents 
until  1885,  in  which  year  he  traveled  to  Buffalo 
Gap,  South  Dakota.  He  did  railroad  work  there 
two  years  and  then  went  to  Cheyenne.  Wyom- 
ing, after  which  he  went  to  New  IMexico  and 
was  foreman  in  the  construction  department  of 
the  Denver  and  Fort  ^^^orth  railroad.  .-Xfter 
this  Mr.  Burdett  returned  to  Ohio  and  was  sec- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


62  L 


ond  master  on  a  river  boat  until  December, 
1890,  when  he  went  to  Bear  river,  Utah,  and 
was  foreman  in  the  construction  of  a  large 
canal.  Later,  he  was  in  the  same  capacity  on 
different  canals  in  the  vicinity  of  Boise,  Idaho. 
Next  we  see  him  handling  men  on  the  grades 
of  the  Great  Northern  at  Bonners  Ferry.  He 
also  operated  for  that  company  at  Hillyard, 
there  being  no  houses  at  that  point  then. 
Through  the  Big  Bend  country  he  also  contrac- 
ted on  the  same  railroad.  After  this  he  freight- 
ed from  Coulee  City  to  the  Cascades  and  in 
1892  brought  fruit  into  Conconully.  He 
bought  a  ranch  near  Oroville  but  soon  sold  it 
and  bought  his  present  place  of  over  three  hun- 
dred acres.  ^Ir.  Burdett  was  deputy  sheriff 
under  Fl.  H.  Xickell,  and  has  also  served  in 
other  official  capacities  in  the  county. 

On  November  7,  1895,  ]\Ir.  Burdetf  mar- 
ried Miss  Zone,  daughter  of  James  and  ]\Iar- 
garet  Mason,  who  are  now  wealthy  citizens  of 
Tavlor  cuuntv,  Iowa. 


WILLIA^I  E.  GRANT,  of  the  firm  of 
Martin  and  Grant,  is  a  prominent  and  success- 
ful attorney  at  Loomis,  Washington.  His 
partner,  Mr.  Martin,  is  established  at  Daven- 
port and  they  do  a  large  business  throughout 
central  and  northern  Washington.  In  addition 
to  a  general  law  business,  the  firm  own  a  num- 
ber of  valuable  mining  properties  and  are  caus- 
ing them  to  be  developed  in  first  class  shape. 

William  E.  Grant  was  born  in  Uniontown, 
Kansas,  on  November  25,  1865.  His  father. 
Dr.  John  E.  Grant,  a  native  of  Iowa,  was  a 
graduate  of  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  of 
.Cincinnati.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was 
regiment  surgeon  under  General  Lane,  but 
afterwards  was  post  surgeon.  After  that  strug- 
gle, he  bought  the  land  where  Uniontown  now 
stands.  He  married  Miss  Louisa  Mounce,  a 
native  of  Kentucky.  The  wedding  occurred 
at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas,  whither  Mr.  Grant's  fa- 
ther had  come,  being  driven  from  Kentucky  on 
account  of  his  strong  Union  principles.  To  this 
union  four  children  have  been  born ;  our  sub- 
ject, the  eldest;  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Hardman.  de- 
ceased :  Mrs.  Bessie  Taylor,  of  Grand  Junction, 
Colorado;  and  Andrew,  an  attorney  at  Har- 
rington, Washington.  In  1867,  Dr.  Grant  went 
to   Baxter   Springs,   Kansas,   and   three   years 


later  to  Joplin,  Missouri.  In  1877  he  came  to 
Galena,  Kansas,  and  bought  an  estate  where 
he  made  his  home  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
that  event  being  caused  by  a  runaway  team  in 
his  sixty-first  year.  He  was  a  very  prominent 
physician  and  beloved  by  all.  His  widow  is 
living  with  a  granddaughter  at  Grand  Junc- 
tion, Colorado.  After  completing  his  primary 
education,  our  subject  graduated  from  the  Bap- 
tist college,  at  Bolivar,  Missouri,  then  studied 
medicine  one  year  with  his  father ;  but  not 
finding  that  to  his  taste,  in  1888  came  to  Mon- 
tana and  engaged  in  mining.  Later  he  came  to 
Spokane,  taught  at  Sprague  and  various  other 
places,  then  for  a  time  was  the  editor  of  the 
Ritcz'illc  Mail,  the  Sprague  Mail,  and  the  Liti- 
coln  Mirror.  During  this  period  he  gave  his 
attention  to  studying  law  under  the  direction  of 
Judge  N.  T.  Caton  and  H.  N.  Martin.  In  1900 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  immediately 
formed  a  partnership  with  H.  N.  Martin,  of 
Davenport.  Being  desirous  of  continuing  his 
mining  operations  he  established  himself  at 
Loomis  as  before  stated. 

On  ]\Iarch  10,  1902,  Mr.  Grant  married 
Susie  Fruit,  a  native  of  Walla  Walla.  Her 
father,  Guy  Fruit,  was  born  on  the  old  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company's  ranch  near  Walla  Walla, 
and  is  now  in  the  shipping  business  at  Kalispel, 
Montana.  He  married  Josephine  Johnson,  also 
a  native  of  Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Grant  is  past 
master  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  a  member  of  the  W. 
W.,  and  the  Rebekahs,  and  vice-president  of 
the  F.  O.  E. 

The  acumen  and  keen  discrimination  pos- 
sessed by  Mr.  Grant  as  well  as  the  excellent 
fortification  in  legal  training  that  he  has  se- 
cured for  himself  by  painstaking  and  careful 
research,  amply  fit  him  for  the  position  which 
he  occupies  and  he  is  enabled  in  a  most  suc- 
cessful manner  to  handle  the  rapidly  increasing 
patronage  which  he  has  drawn  to  himself.  He 
is  one  of  the  strong  lawyers  in  central  Wash- 
ington and  has  the  confidence  of  all  who  know 
him. 


AUGUST  J.  PIPER  is  a  well  to  do  stock- 
man, who  dwells  two  miles  southeast  from 
Conconully.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing  in 
the  community  and  has  shown  remarkable  in- 
dustry and  sagacity  in  his  labors  since  coming 
to  this  country. 


622 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


August  J.  Piper  was  born  in  Brandenberg, 
Germany,  on  February  7,  1856,  the  son  of 
Samuel  and  Dora  Piper,  natives  of  the  same 
place.  Thirteen  years  were  spent  in  study  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  country  and  on 
the  farm,  then  in  1869,  our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States.  His  brother  was  with  him  and 
settlement  was  made  in  Jefferson,  Wisconsin. 
In  the  centennial  year,  he  came  to  Wyoming 
and  there  engaged  in  prospecting  and  mining. 
In  various  mines  in  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Cali- 
fornia, Idaho,  Oregon,  New  Mexico,  Old  Mex- 
ico, and  Washington,  Mr.  Piper  wrought  for 
several  years.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  in 
the  ^^''ood  Ri-^-er  excitement  and  also  partici- 
pated in  the  various  mining  enterprises  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia.  It  was  1889,  that  Mr.  Piper 
came  to  Okanogan  county,  and  for  the  first 
year  he  was  engaged  in  prospecting,  then  he 
selected  his  present  place  and  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  stock  raising.  There  were  but  few  set- 
tlers here  in  those  days  and  everything  bore  the 
air  of  primitiveness  and  the  pioneers  were  the 
possessors  of  the  country.  Mr.  Piper  being  a 
man  of  industry  was  soon  at  work  in  opening 
liis  farm  and  improving  the  same.  He  also 
secured  some  cattle  and  since  those  days  has 
continued  in  the  lines  then  started.  He  has  now 
a  fine  band  of  cattle,  a  farm  of  value  and  is  one 
of  the  men  of  means  in  this  county.  Mr.  Piper 
has  erected  a  fine  six  room  dwelling,  has  a  large 
■barn,  eighty  by  eighty,  plenty  of  outbuildings, 
ajid  other  improvements.  Scotch  creek  flows 
through  the  place  and  supplies  plenty  of  water 
for  all  uses.  Mr.  Piper  came  here  with  limited 
means  and  has  acquired  his  holdings  by  virtue 
of  his  industrj'  and  wisdom.  As  yet,  Mr.  Piper 
has  not  seen  fit  to  embark  on  the  seas  of  matri- 
mony but  is  still  one  of  the  substantial  bache- 
lors. 


JONATHAN  CHARLES  RINEHART 
resides  about  ten  miles  northeast  from  Oro- 
ville.  where  the  family  estate  of  four  hundred 
and  eighty  acres  lies.  He  was  born  on  Febru- 
ary 23,  1855,  in  Steuben  county,  Indiana,  the 
son  of  Christopher  and  Lydia  Ann  (Taylor) 
Rinehart,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  There  were 
three  other  children  in  the  family.  Benjamin, 
Mrs.  Lucinda  Foster,  and  Caleb.  Our  sub- 
ject's grandmother,  Taylor,  lived  to  be  nearly 
ninety  years  of  age.     She  was  the  mother  of 


eleven  children,  had  ninety-nine  grandchildren, 
sixty  great-grandchildren,  forty  great-great- 
grandchildren, and  twenty  great-great-great- 
grandchildren. In  1864,  our  subject  came 
with  his  parents  to  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  The 
next  year  they  moved  to  southwestern  Miss- 
ouri and  in  1869,  crossed  the  plains  with 
wagons  to  Oregon  City.  In  1871,  they  came 
to  Umatilla  county  and  in  June,  1878,  the 
father  died  near  Weston,  aged  sixty-six. 
The  mother  afterwards  married  Mr.  Johnson 
and  is  now  living  near  Hardwick,  Oregon. 
In  1876,  our  subject  came  to  the  Eraser  river 
and  being  an  expert  rider  followed  breaking 
horses.  In  1878,  he  returned  to  Oregon  and 
fought  througli  the  Bannock  war.  In  one 
battle,  where  he  participated,  five  men  were 
killed.  The  next  year  he  went  to  Butte,  Mon- 
tana. He  had  a  good  race  horse  and  being  a 
sprinter  himself,  traveled  through  various 
towns  of  that  country,  racing.  He  was  also 
engaged  in  hunting  and  was  known  as  "An- 
telope Charley."  From  there  he  came  to 
Okanogan,  in  1884,  prospecting.  He  discov- 
ered the  placer  diggings  on  Granite  creek  and 
tijok  out  considerable  gold.  In  1886.  he  re- 
turned to  the  Flat  Head  valley,  ^lontana  and 
did  packing.  He  visited  his  mother  in  1887, 
then  took  up  sheep  raising  in  Oregon  but  lost 
heavily  during  the  hard  winter  of  1889-90. 
He  located  where  he  now  lives  in  1895.  and 
now  has  a  good  band  of  cattle  and  horses  and 
a  large  number  of  hogs.  Mr.  Rinehart  mar- 
ried an  Indian  woman  and  they  have  two  chil- 
dren,  George  and  Isabel. 


JOHN  KENDALL  is  well  known  in  Okan- 
ogan county,  being  now  one  of  the  prominent 
business  men  and  townsite  owners  at  River- 
side, Washington,  He  owns  a  large  livery  and 
feed  stable  which  he  is  operating  in  a  success- 
ful manner,  besides  various  other  property  as 
will  be  mentioned  later  on. 

John  Kendall  was  born  on  February  iS, 
1857,  in  Hendricks  county,  Indiana,  the  son  of 
Alford  and  Nancy  (Savis)  Kendall,  natives 
of  Kentucky-  and  Indiana,  respectively.  They 
were  married  in  Indiana  and  had  two  children, 
our  subject  and  ]\Irs.  Ella  Saylor.  John  K. 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  went 
with  his  parents  to  Missouri.    Later  the  family 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


623 


moved  to  Labette  county,  Kansas,  and  settled  in 
Parsons,  where  the  father  owned  a  farm  ad- 
joining the  townsite.  This  was  in  1868,  before 
the  town  was  started.  Later  the  parents  re- 
turned to  Missouri  where  the  father  died  in  St. 
Clair  county  and  the  mother  in  Jasper  county. 
In  1880,  our  subject  removed  from  Parsons  to 
Walla  Walla.  Afterward,  he  moved  to  Waits- 
burg  then  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Spokane,  and 
in  1892,  he  rented  land  on  the  Nez  Perces  res- 
ervation in  Idaho.  On  November  6,  1894,  he 
married  Miss  Olive  Thomas,  whose  parents  live 
near  Riverside,  Washington.  In  the  spring  of 
1S95,  they  came  to  their  present  home  and  took 
up  a  homestead  of  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
two  acres  on  the  west  branch  of  the  Okanogan 
river.  Forty  acres  of  this  estate  were  sold  for 
the  townsite  of  Riverside,  and  upon  it  that 
thriving  municipality  is  located  at  the  present 
time.  ]\Ir.  Kendall  owns  an  interest  in  the 
townsite  and  the  balance  of  the  land  adjoins  the 
same.  The  farm  is  fenced  and  all  under  culti- 
vation, being  supplied  with  irrigating  water 
from  Johnson  creek.  He  raises  abundance  of 
cereals  and  had  forty-five  acres  sowed  to  alfalfa, 
which  produces  three  crops  annually.  He  has 
six  acres  in  orchard,  which  bears  plenty,  of 
peaches,  apricots,  prunes,  pears,  apples,  and  so 
forth.  A  good  residence  makes  the  place  beau- 
tiful and  valuable,  while  outbuildings  and  other 
improvements  are  in  evidence. 

Mr.  Kendall  built  the  hotel  at  Riverside, 
■\\'hich  he  operated  for  four  years  then  sold. 
He  is  also  interested  in  the  ferry.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kendall  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church 
and  are  known  as  progressive  and  upright  peo- 
ple. They  have  adopted  two  children,  George 
C.  and  Relta  ]\Iarie. 


LAWSON  A.  LOUNDAGIN  is  with 
his  brother.  James  O.,  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Loundagin  Broth- 
ers. They  carry  a  well  assorted  stock  of 
general  merchandise  and  do  a  good  business, 
being  men  of  progressive  ideas  and  good  busi- 
ness qualifications  and  methods.  They  have 
by  their  affability  and  genial  ways  together 
with  careful  attention  to  the  wants  of  custo- 
mers, gained  for  themselves  a  fine  patronage 
and   their   trade   is   constantly   increasing. 

Lawson  A.  Loundagin  was  born  in  Waits- 


burg,  Washington,  on  June  30,  1878,  and  his 
brother  was  born  there  on  August  8,  1870. 
Their  father,  George  W.,  was  born  in  Tenn- 
essee in  1832,  whence  he  went  to  Benton  coun- 
ty, Arkansas,  and  married  ]\Iiss  Rhoda  J. 
Steward,  born  in  Indiana  in  1840.  In  the  spring 
of  1861  they  joined  Captain  Hastings'  train 
and  came  across  the  plains  to  Walla  Walla. 
They  had  one  son  at  time  of  starting,  William 
J.,  and  another  was  born  on  the  road.  They 
landed  in  November,  1861,  and  the  following- 
spring,  Mr.  Loundagin  took  land  near  where 
Waitsburg  is  now  situated  and  there  he  owns 
today  about  eight  hundred  acres.  He  and  his 
wife  live  retired  in  the  town  of  Waitsburg. 
They  are  both  devout  members  of  the  Christ- 
ian church  and  have  been  the  parents  of  four- 
teen children,  William  J.,  Robert  W'.,  Mrs. 
Eva  I.  Hoover,  Isaac  A.,  deceased,  John  B., 
Mrs.  Mollie  Meinberg,  Olive,  deceased,  Mrs. 
Minnie  M.  Hester,  James  O.,  George  A.,  Mrs. 
Jennie  R.  Riggs,  Cora  B.,  Lawson  A.,  and 
Mrs.  Myrtle  M.  Nopp.  Our  subject  assisted 
his  father  on  the  farm  and  received  a  good 
education  from  the  common  and  high  schools, 
being  through  with  this  before  he  reached  his 
majority.  Then  he  entered  the  flour  mills  and 
became  an  expert  miller.  After  some  time  at 
this  he  came  north  and  on  September  13,  1900, 
he  arrived  in  Chesaw  and  here  has  been  en- 
gaged since,  ijis  brother,  James  O.,  gradu- 
ated from  the  high  school  and  the  Waitsburg 
academy,  after  which  he  went  to  Chicago  and 
studied  law.  Later  he  completed  an  assaying 
course  in  the  Pullman  college  and  after  that 
followed  mining  in  eastern  Oregon.  In  1898 
he  came  thence  to  the  reservation  and  took 
charge  of  the  Yakima  mining  properties. 
This  continued  until  1900,  when  he  and  his 
brother,  our  subject,  entered  into  partnership 
and  bought  the  store  of  Stowell  &  Campbell, 
which  they  have  operated  since.  They  carry 
a  stock  of  general  merchandise,  such  as  gents' 
furnishings,  dry  goods,  drugs,  groceries 
and  general  supplies.  They  also  own  a 
half  interest  in  the  Myers  Creek  Pub- 
lishing Company  and  our  subject  is  edi- 
tor in  charge  of  the  ]\Iyers  Creek  News, 
a  bright  sheet  of  weekly  appearance  and 
which  ever  keeps  at  heart  the  interests  of  the 
section  and  brings  forth  its  resources  and  ad- 
vantages. Fraternally,  'Mv.  Loundagin  is  affili- 
ated with  the  Eagles  and  the  R.  N.  A. 


624 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


On  December  i8,  1901,  Mr.  Loundagin 
married  Miss  Caroline  ^I.,  daughter  of  Henry 
J.  and  Mary  E.  (Bruce)  Abbey.  The  father 
is  deceased  and  the  mother  is  hving  in  Waits- 
burg.  The  mother  was  born  near  Waitsburg 
as  was  also  her  daughter,  "Sirs.  Loundagin. 
Mr.  Loundagin  and  his  charming  wife  are 
highly  respected  young  people  of  Chesaw  and 
have  shown  themsehes  to  be  possessed  of  in- 
telligence and  a  progressive  spirit  while  their 
labors  and  kindness  have  won  for  them  hosts 
of  friends  and  a  generous  prosperity. 


ELISHA  P.  CHILSOX.  To  such  a  man 
as  Mr.  Chilson  no  words  that  we  could  utter  by 
way  of  outlining  his  ability  and  worth  could  be 
so  acceptable  as  a  re\iew  of  the  work  he  has 
done.  He  is  a  mechanical  engineer  and  mining 
expert.  He  is  also  a  man  who  can  do  things 
and  it  will  be  interesting  to  note  what  he  has 
done. 

Elisha  P.  Chilson  was  born  on  ]\Iay  20, 
1852,  in  Knox,  Missouri,  the  son  of  Andrew 
and  Nancy  Chilson.  natives  of  New  Hampshire 
and  Lebanon,  Kentucky,  respectively,  and  now 
deceased.  The  father  was  of  Scotch  ances- 
try and  dealt  in  mules  in  ]\Iissouri,  Ohio,  and 
Louisiana.  Our  subject  is  the  second  youngest 
of  a  family  of  eight  children.  His  mother  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  Aledical  Col- 
lege and  practiced  until  her  death.  She  was  a 
prominent  physician  and  surgeon.  The  family 
removed  to  ^lissouri  when  our  subject  was 
small  and  there  he  was  educated,  being  a  school- 
mate of  ex-senator  Turner  of  Spokane.  His 
early  life  indicated  his  powers  of  investigation 
and  studiousness  and  he  acquired  a  good  train- 
ing. During  the  struggle  of  the  Civil  War,  he 
was  in  Missouri  but  went,  in  1868,  to  Texas, 
thence  with  a  herd  of  cattle,  he  went  to  Utah. 
Later,  we  find  him  in  Eureka,  Nevada  where 
he  assisted  to  put  in  a  furnace  for  a  large 
smelter.  After  this,  he  was  employed  in  a  ma- 
chine shop  in  San  Francisco,  then  operated  for 
White  and  Allen,  placing  stamp  mills  in  differ- 
ent portions  of  California,  New  -Mexico,  and 
Arizona.  He  was  an  expert  at  this  business 
and  remained  with  this  firm  seven  years.     In 

1879,  we  find  him  in  the  Black  Hills  where  he 
did  mining  and  milling.     There  on  March  2, 

1880,  Mr.  Chilson  married    Miss    Marv    B., 


daughter  of  John  W.  and  Julia  Foster.  The 
father  was  a  skillful  broom  manufacturer  and 
invented  one  of  the  leading  broom  making  ma- 
chines. He  lost  his  eyesight  during  the  Civil 
War  and  received  a  pension  until  his  death. 
His  wife  is  now  living  at  Crook  City,  Montana. 
]\Ir.  Chilson  remained  in  the  Black  Hills  un- 
til 1890,  during  which  time  he  erected  and  oper- 
ated several  of  the  largest  mills  in  that  section. 
He  also  brought  in  a  large  plant  at  the  gold 
fields  in  Newcastle, Wyoming.  Thence  he  went 
to  Los  Angeles,  California,  where  he  erected 
the  Blackhawk  mill  and  the  Temanskel  tin  re- 
duction works,  after  which  he  was  engineer 
two  and  one  half  years,  in  placing  in  the  sugar 
plant  at  Chino,  California.  Following  this  he 
was  in  the  state  of  Sonoro,  ^Mexico,  and  erected 
a  two  hundred  and  fifty  ton  smelter  for  George 
Roberts  of  New  York,  and  Jesse  Grant,  son 
of  ex-president  Grant.  His  next  work  was  a 
ten  stamp  concentrator  in  Arizona,  for  John 
Macken.  Then  he  put  in  a  one  hundred  ton 
plant  for  L.  A.  Davis,  of  Chicago,  near  Pres- 
cott,  Arizona,  which  is  the  most  complete  mill 
in  that  state.  After  this,  Mr.  Chilson  returned 
to  California  and  operated  for  the  California 
Construction  Company,  putting  in  tunnels  and 
electric  power.  He  was  mechanical  engineer 
and  superintendent  of  the  company  and  made  a 
record  in  the  tunneling  work  at  Bakersfield, 
California,  which  latter  is  the  largest  tunnel  in 
the  state,  being  a  solid  granite  structure,  two 
and  one  half  miles  long.  In  April,  1901,  ^Mr. 
Chilson  severed  his  connection  with  the  com- 
panies of  California,  much  to  their  dislike,  and 
came  to  the  Okanogan  country.  Here  he  has 
done  experting  of  mines  and  mining  engineer- 
ing. He  has  full  charge  of  the  Similkameen 
electric  power  and  development  company  at 
Similkameen  falls,  where  his  residence  is  at  the 
present  time. 

Fraternally,  ]\Ir.  Chilson  belongs  to  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  the  Encampment,  and  the  K.  of  P.. 
having  held  the  prominent  chairs  in  these  or- 
ders. Politically,  he  is  an  active  Democrat. 
In  Dakota,  he  was  appointed  by  the  governor 
as  commissioner  of  Falls  River  county  and 
assisted  to  organize  that  county.  He  was 
elected  for  two  terms  after  that  then  refused  the 
third.  He  was  also  assessor  for  two  terms  and 
this  was  in  a  county  that  was  two  thirds  Repub- 
lican. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chilson,  three  children 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


625 


Iiave  been  born,  Belle  M.  and  Elizabeth  A., 
born  in  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  and 
George  J.,  born  in  Calilornia.  His  oldest 
daughter  is  foreman  in  a  printing  office  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  is  also  a  graduate  of  the  high 
school.  The  other  two  children  are  attending 
school  at  Chino,  California,  where  Mrs.  Chil- 
son  lives  at  the  present  timci  They  own  a 
beautiful  residence  there  and  she  remains  for 
the  purpose  of  educating  the  children.  Mr. 
Chilson  has  a  large  interest  in  the  Lake  View 
mine  and  also  in  other  properties  and  is  known 
as  one  of  the  leading  mining  experts  and  engin- 
eers of  the  northwest. 


JA^IES  E.  FORDE,  who  is  president  of 
The  Washington  Commercial  Company  has 
e\-idently  achieved  one  of  the  brightest  suc- 
cesses in  commercial  lines  in  central  and  north 
Washington  to  be  credited  to  any  man  doing 
business  in  this  section.  It  is" not  a  matter  of 
"luck"  as  some  would  say,  but  the  result  of 
bright  business  talent.  The  consummate  wis- 
dom, tireless  energy,  marked  executive  ability, 
coupled  with  unswerving  integrity  and  sound 
principles,  all  of  which  are  possessed  in  a  large 
degree  by  Mr.  Forde,  have  combined  to  bring 
about  the  gratifying  success  which  he  enjoys. 

James  E.  Forde  was  born  near  Toronto, 
Canada,  on  May- 4,  1865,  the  son  of  John  and 
Annie  (Elliot)  Forde,  natives  of  Ireland.  The 
father  was  an  officer  in  the  British  army  for 
seven  years  and  participated  in  many  battles 
of  the  Crimean  war,  being  wounded  several 
times.  He  was  known  among  his  associates 
as  General  Forde.  The  parents  came  to  On- 
tario where  they  died,  leaving  five  children: 
Ida.;  James  E.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch; 
John  P.,  one  of  the  stock  holders  of  The  Wash- 
ington Commercial  Company;  [Mrs.  Isabella 
A.  Lucas:  and  Harry,  also  a  stockholder  in 
this  commercial  company  and  residing  at  River- 
side. Following  the  death  of  his  parents, 
James  E.  assisted  to  support  the  younger  chil- 
dren until  they  became  able  to  care  for  them- 
selves. He  received  a  good  business  education 
and  came  to  the  United  States  when  eighteen 
and  located  at  \Mieatland.  North  Dakota.  For 
a  time  he  worked  on  a  farm.  Then  he  sold 
goods,  and  in  this  capacity  he  met  Mr.  John 
Boyd,  manager  of  the  Palmer  mountain  tunnel 


company,  with  whom  he  came  to  Loomis,  in 
1892.  Mr.  Forde  worked  for  ^Ir.  Boyd  in  the 
latter's  store  until  he  disposed  of  it  and  took 
charge  of  the  tunneling  company.  At  that  time 
Mr.  Forde  entered  into  partnership  with 
George  H.  Ellis  and  they  did  a  general  mer- 
chandise business  in  Loomis.  After  this  a  branch 
store  was  started  at  Oroville,  and  then  one 
at  Republic,  Riverside,  and  Conconully,  in  all 
which  places  they  were  successful.  However, 
the  store  in  Republic  was  burned  and  they 
abandoned  that  field.  Lately  they  have  incor- 
porated with  headquarters  at  Loomis,  and  Mr. 
Forde  is  president,  C.  E.  Blackwell  of  River- 
side is  secretary,  J.  T.  Samson,  treasurer,  and 
George  H.  Ellis,  of  Wenatchee  is  vice-president 
Each  store  is  the  largest  in  its  respective  town 
and  they  are  all  well  supplied  with  a  choice  and 
complete  stock  of  general  merchandise,  and  are 
all  doing  a  splendid  business.  Mr.  Forde  is 
also  interested  in  the  Ellis-Forde  Company, 
with  headquarters  at  Wenatchee.  Mr.  Ellis 
is  president  and  manager  of  the  large  establish- 
ment at  Wenachee  as  well  as  of  the  other  stores 
in  Chelan  county.  At  Wenatchee  and  Chelan, 
they  have  the  largest  stores  in  the  town.  Our 
subject  also  owns  two  large  ranches  in  the 
vicinity  of  Loomis  and  a  beautiful  residence 
in  Loomis,  as  fine  as  there  is  in  the  county.  He 
and  Mr.  Ellis  also  own  the  townsite  at  River- 
side. Politically,  he  is  a  stanch  Republican 
and  is  ready  to  work  for  his  principles.  Fra- 
ternally he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Mr.  Forde  started  in  life  with  no  finances,  his 
entire  capital  being  two  strong  hands  and 
plenty  of  pluck.  The  marked  success  that  has 
attended  him  evidences  the  manner  of  man, 
and  is  an  encomium  to  his  ability  than  which 
no  words  could  be  spoken  better.  He  is  a 
progressive,  public  minded  man,  always  ready 
to  assist  in  any  enterprise  that  is  for  the  good 
of  the  county. 


JOHN  McDON.\LD  resides  about  five 
miles  east  from  Oroville  on  an  estate  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres.  He  is  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  the  Okanogan  region  and  is 
well  known  throughout  the  entire  section.  At 
the  present  time,  Mr.  McDonald  devotes  him- 
self to  general  farming,  raising  stock,  and  min- 
ing. He  has  met  with  good  success  in  his  en- 
deavors and  has  accumulated  a  good  property. 


626 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


John  McDonald  was  borni  in  Glengarry 
count}-,  Canada,  on  August  24,  1843,  the  son  of 
John  and  Jennie  (McArthur)  JNIcDonald,  na- 
tives of  Scotland  and  Canada,  respectively.The 
father  was  a  shoemaker  and  came  to  Canada 
when  a  child.  He  died  in  1S76,  aged  sixty. 
The  mother  is  still  living  at  the  old  homestead, 
aged  eighty-three.  :\lr.  McDonald  contem- 
plates a  trip  in  the  very  near  future  to  visit  his 
aged  mother.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Glengarry  county,  and  there  re- 
mained until  1 87 1,  when  he  came  to  Wisconsin. 
Four  years  later  he  went  thence  to  Nevada  and 
California  and  mined  in  different  camps.  In 
1877,  we  find  ]\Ir.  McDonald  in  the  Fraser  river 
region  and  soon  he  was  washing  the  gravel  on 
the  north  fork  of  the  Thompson  ri\er  near 
Kamloops.  He  was  forced  to  endure  much 
hardship  and  trying  times  in  these  mining  ven- 
tures and  in  1879,  he  came  down  to  the  Okan- 
ogan country.  Few  white  men  were  in  the 
country  and  "Okanogan  Smith,"  Al  Thorps, 
Billy  Granger,  and  our  subject  were  the  full 
quota  for  a  time.  I'hey  mined  and  sought 
game  for  food  and  packed  other  supplies  from 
Walla  Walla  on  cayuses.  Those  days  of  canoe 
ferrys,  swimming  horses,  and  so  forth  were 
trying  times  and  a  glimpse  at  them  shows  some 
of  the  hardships  of  frontier  life.  Mr.  McDon- 
ald came  into  the  country  with  one  horse,  but 
now,  owing  to  his  wisely  bestowed  labors  and 
thrift,  he  is  possessed  of  a  goodly  holding  of 
property.  His  farm  is  well  improved  and  pro- 
duces abundance  of  general  crops  with  much 
alfalfa  and  timothy  for  stock. 

In  1 88 1,  Mr.  McDonald  married  an  Indian 
maiden,  named  Jennie,  and  they  have  pleasant- 
ly threaded  the  pilgrim  way  together  since  and 
are  now  prosperous  and  substantial  citizens. 

^Ir.  jMcDonald  was  one  of  the  locators  of 
the  Six  Eagles  mines  and  is  now  one  of  the 
stockholders  of  this  promising  property. 


RICHARD  \\'AGLAY  resides  about  two 
and  one-half  miles  southeast  from  Twisp  and 
is  engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing. He  is  one  of  the  ]iioneers  of  the  Methow 
region  and  has  devoted  many  years  to  honest 
toil  and  endeavor  to  open  this  country  to  the 
ingress  of  civilization.  Like  the  early  ones 
who  l)lazed  the  trail  to  the  fastnesses  of  the 


various  regions  of  the  west,  ]Mr.  W'aglay  has 
been  called  on  to  endure  ^reat  hardships  and 
do  much  arduous  labor,  while  deprivations, 
that  great  stimulus  of  pioneer  activity,  have 
been  met  with  the  fortitude  and  patience  that 
has  won  and  is  sure  to  lead  one  to  boundless 
success. 

Richard  Waglay  was  born  in  Red  River 
county,  Texas,  on  September  2-],  1861,  the 
son  of  Abraham  A.  and  Priscilla  C.  (j\Iont- 
gomery)  \Vaglay,  farmers  and  pioneers  of  the 
great  state  of  Texas.  For  seventeen  years,  our 
subject  remained  with  his  parents,  gaining, 
meanwhile,  the  training  to  be  had  from  the 
public  schools.  Then  he  stepped  forth  from 
the  parental  roof  to  do  for  himself  in  the  wide 
world.  For  seven  years  he  was  engaged 
in  farming  in  the  vicinity  of  his  nativity. 
After  that  he  journeyed  to  Washington  and 
located  first  in  the  Kittitas  valley.  Two  years 
later,  he  found  his  way  to  the  Methow'  country 
and  located  his  present  place,  to  the  improve- 
ment of  which,  with  general  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock,  he  has  devoted  himself  assiduously 
since.  He  took  land  by  squatter's  right  and 
filed  in  1S96.  One  half  of  the  farm  is  well 
adapted  to  raising  alfalfa  and  the  improve- 
ments show  the  skill  and  wisdom  of  the  owner. 
He  handles  about  fifty  head  of  cattle  each  year 
and  is   successful   in   this   important  industry. 

Mr.  Waglay  is  a  member  of  the  Order  of 
Washington.  The  seductive  charms  of  matri- 
monial life  have  never  allured  Mr.  Waglay 
from  the  enjoyable  retirement  of  celibacy,  and 
the  blissful  voyage  on  those  seas  is  still  his  to 
participate  in. 


CHAUNCEY  R.  ^IcLEAN  is  Ux-ated  at 
Heckendorn,  one  mile  south  from  \\'inthrop, 
where  he  does  a  general  merchandise  business, 
handling  a  full  supply  of  all  kinds  of  goods 
needed  on  the  farm  and  in  the  mining  districts 
adjacent.  He  also  does  a  commission  business 
in  fruits  and  vegetables  for  the  mines,  thereby 
furnishing  a  good  market  for  the  adjacent 
farmers. 

C.  R.  INIcLean  was  born  in  Decorah.  Iowa, 
on  October  g,  1864.  the  son  of  Joseph  A.  and 
Ruth  (Lyons)  McLean,  natives  of  Canada 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  mother  was  a 
sister  of  J.  A.  Lyons,  several  times  auditor  of 
the  state  of  L'lwa.     In  1872  Chauncey  R.  came 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


witli  his  parents  to  Walla  Walla  countv.  where 
they  followed  horse  raising  for  twelve  years. 
Then     went     to     Dixon     county,     Nehraska 
where  they  still  reside.     Our  subject  traveled 
around  for  some  time  and  in  1890  located  on 
Lake   Fend   d'Oreille   in   northern    Idaho  and 
engaged  in  the  lime  business  for  a  couple  of 
years.      In    1894,   he  came   to   the  Okanogan 
country  and  operated  a  pack  train  across  the 
summit    from    Methow    to    the    Slate    Creek 
district.       He    packed    the    first    stamp    mill 
into    Slate    creek.      He    operated    this    busi- 
ness for  four  years.     For  three  years  he  carried 
the  United   States  mail  of  the  valley  and  in 
1902  opened  his  present  business.     He  is  doing 
well  and  handling  general  supplies,  in  addition 
to  merchandise,  such  as  farming  implements,  ' 
building  material,  and  so  forth.     He  is  oper-  ; 
ating  a  freighting  outfit  up  and  down  the  valley  j 
and  also  still  handles  the  pack  train  across  the  ! 
summit  to  the  Slate  Creek  mines.     Mr.   Mc-  ! 
Lean  is  interested  in  various  mining  properties 
in  this  section,  some  of  which  are  very  prom-  I 
ising.      He  has   the  Goat  Trail   on   Robinson 
creek,  where  a  large  amount  of  development 
work  has  been  done  showing  good  ^■alues  and 
a  large  amount  of  ore. 

In  Cedar  county,  Nebraska,  in  1890,  ]\Ir. 
McLean  married  Miss  Sarah  Smith.  Her 
father  is  deceased  and  her  mother  is  now  mar- 
ried to  Mr.  Hall  and  is  dwelling  at  Athol, 
Idaho.  To  I\Ir.  and  Mrs.  McLean  six  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  named  as  follows :  James 
E.,  William  H.,  Ruth,  Chauncy  R.,  Alice  and 
Florence.  :\Ir.  McLean  is  a  very  energetic 
business  man  and  has  shown  a  marked  adapta- 
bility in  the  various  enterprises  which  he  has 
carried  forward  successfully.  Much  credit 
is  due  him  for  his  worthy  efforts  in  opening  \ 
the  country  and  inducing  others  to  take  hold  in  : 
the  good  work.  1 


The  family  crossed  the  plains  in  1853  with  ox 
teams  and  located  in  Benton  county,  Oregon, 
where  our  subject  grew  to  manhood.  He  was 
there  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  con- 
tinued assisting  his  father  on  the  farm  until 
his  majority.  The  parents  remained  on  the  old 
homestead  until  their  death.  After  his  ma- 
jority. Mr.  Rizeor  went  from  Oregon  to  Idaho, 
and  settled  near  Eagle  Rock,  where  two  years 
were  spent  in  prospecting  and  trapping.  From 
that  place,  Mr.  Rizeor  went  to  Juneau,  Alaska, 
and  there  prospected  for  one  year.  Later  he 
went  to  Ashcroft,  British  Columbia,  where  he 
prospected  and  did  trapping  until  1889,  when 
he  came  to  Okanogan  county.  He  located  a 
squatter's  right  on  the  land  he  now  owns  and 
afterward  took  it  as  a  homestead.  He  does 
general  farming  and  raises  good  fruit  and 
melons,  having  a  lake  from  which  he  irrigates 
a  portion  of  his  land.  ]\Ir.  Rizeor  is  also  great- 
ly interested  in  mining.  Fie  owns  stock  in  vari- 
ous good  mines  in  eastern  Oregon  and  also  has 
properties  in  different  localities.  He  owns  a 
portion  of  the  Ninety-nine  on  Slate  creek  and 
other  properties  in  this  county. 

Mr.  Rizeor  has  given  names  to  several 
creeks  in  this  count)-,  among  which  is  Cub 
creek,  which  flows  into  the  north  branch  of  the 
]Methow  river.  The  incident  that  named  the 
creek  was  the  slaying  of  two  cubs  by  ]\Ir.  Riz- 
e:r  when  out  hunting. 

;\Ir.  Rizeor  is  still  leaving  untried  the  seas 
of  matrimony  and  does  not  as  yet  depart  from 
the  quieter  joys  of  the  bachelor's  life. 


HENRY  J.  RIZEOR  has  resided  in  Okan- 
ogan county  for  nearly  fifteen  years  and  has  al- 
ways labored  for  the  development  of  the  county 
and  is  now  possessed  of  a  comfortable  property. 
His  farm  lies  three  miles  northwest  from  Win- 
throp,  and  is  improved  in  good  shape.  He 
raises  diversified  crops  and  handles  some  stock. 

Henry  J.  Rizeor  was  born  in  Piatt  county, 
Illinois,  on  January  16,  1849,  the  son  of 
Thomas    H.'and    Matilda    (Wright)    Rizeor. 


JA^IES  B.  COUCHE,  M.  D.  Without 
doubt  there  is  no  class  of  professional  men  who 
have  a  closer  contact  with  the  issues  of  life  and 
death,  than  the  physicians.  Therefore  it  is 
that  public  sentiment  demands  that  they  be  men 
of  integrity  and  worth  and  of  characteristics 
which  inspire  and  are  capable  of  retaining  the 
confidence  of  the  people.  There  is  no  question 
that  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  wisely  taken 
up  the  profession  of  medicine,  as  he  has  al- 
ready gained  prominence  and  practice,  which 
speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  his  ability  and 
skill.  Dr.  Couche  is  a  self  made  man  and  may 
take  a  pardonable  pride  in  his  achievements. 

James  B.  Couche  was  born  in  Liverpool, 
England,  on  May  22,  1870,  the  son  of  James 


628 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


T.  and  Ellen  (Julyan)  Couche,  natives  also 
of  that  country.  James  B.  was  well  educated 
in  his  native  place^  where  he  also  took  a  prep- 
aratory course  in  medicine.  In  1891,  he  came 
to  Canada  and  located  in  Vancouver,  finding 
his  total  assets  of  cash  at  that  interesting  crisis 
to  be  five  dollars.  He  was  determined  to  suc- 
ceed and  so  went  to  work  with  a  will.  How- 
ever, he  soon  found  the  climate  did  not  agree 
with  him  and  so  he  went  to  Toronto,  Canada. 
Later  he  was  at  Cape  Breton,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  there  held  the  position  of  corresponding 
clerk  for  the  Dominion  Coal  company  for  three 
years.  During  this  time  he  matriculated  at  the 
Delhousie  University  and  then  went  to  Toronto 
and  entered 'the  ^Medical  University  at  that  place. 
In  1899  he  graduated  from  Toronto  University 
with  honor  and  at  once  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Crow's  Nest,  British  Columbia. 
He  was  physician  for  the  Crow's  Nest  Coal 
Co.  there  and  later  came  to  Wilbur,  W^ashing- 
ton,  where  he  remained  a  short  time.  Then 
he  went  to  Mexico  as  physician  for  a  railroad 
that  was  not  completed.  On  account  of  the 
failure  of  the  company  he  returned  to  the 
United  States  and  located  in  Okanogan  county. 
He  was  at  Molson  until  1900,  when  he  came 
to  Twisp  and  opened  an  office  here.  He  has 
since  continued  here  with  most  excellent  suc- 
cess and  now  has  a  practice  extending  over 
sixty  miles  up  and  down  the  valley.  He  also 
owns  'and  operates  a  drug  store  in  Twisp  and 
has  a  good  patronage.  Dr.  Couche  has  won 
for  himself  a  practice  that  bespeaks  both  ability 
and  energy,  while  his  standing  with  the  people 
is  of  the  very  best.  He  owns  various  mining 
property  and  also  has  a  homestead  adjoining 
the  town  of  Twisp. 

Dr.  Couche  is  a  member  of  the  ]\I.  ^\^  A., 
the  W.  O.  W.,  and  the  F.  O.  A.  He  is  also 
superintendent   of  the   Union    Sunday  school. 

At  Twisp,  on  .April  10,  1901,  Dr.  Couche 
married  Miss  Ella  Ehman.  They  have  a  pleas- 
ant home  and  are  among  the  leading  people  of 
the  vallev. 


HORACE  L.  STONE  is  one  of  the  early 
settlers  in  the  Methow  and  owns  a  good  estate 
near  Silver.  He  came  here  in  1887  and  located 
while  the  country  was  very  new.  He  selected 
a  farm  at  first  but  later  sold'  that  and  has  bought 
and  sold  several  pieces  of  land  during  his  resi- 


dence here.  Some  of  the  time  he  was  engaged 
in  renting  land  and  during  the  entire  sixteen 
years  here  he  has  ever  shown  himself  a  true 
pioneer  and  his  wisdom  and  energy  have  been 
well  rewarded  in  securing  various  good  hold- 
ings. His  present  farm  is  about  half  alfalfa 
land  and  is  improved  with  comfortable  build- 
ings and  an  orchard.  Mr.  Stone  has  recently 
rented  his  land  here  for  the  purpose  of  going  to 
\Vallowa  county,  Oregon,  where  he  is  heavily 
interested  in  land  and  stock.  'Mr.  Stone  will 
spend  some  time  in  the  Wallowa  country  but 
retains  his  home  here  in  the  Jilethow  valley  and 
is  identified  with  the  section. 

Horace  L.  Stone  was  born  in  Parker  coun- 
ty, Texas,  on  September  15,  1867,  the  son  of 
NaDoleon  and  Mary  (Conley)  Stone.  The 
mother  is  deceased  but  the  father  is  still  living. 
The  first  sixteen  years  of  our  subject's  life  were 
spent  in  his  native  place  and  there  he  secured 
his  education  from  the  common  schools.  Then 
came  a  journey  with  his  parents  to  the  Kittitas 
valley  where  two  years  were  spent,  whence,  as 
stated  above,  in  1887,  Mr.  Stone  came  to  his 
present  place. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Stone  and  IMiss  Leola 
Davis  occurred  at  Winthrop.  Mrs.  Stone's 
parents,  Jewitt  and  Mary  Ann  Davis,  reside  in 
the  Wallowa  country.  To  Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Stone 
three  children  have  been  born,  Jasper,  ^Nlary. 
and  Perrv. 


WILLIAM  Z.  COOPER,  who  resides  one 
mile  south  from  Pateros,  is  engaged  in  the  cul- 
ture of  fruit.  He  is  one  of  the  most  skillful 
and  extensive  orchardists  in  Okanogan  county. 
His  place  is  known  as  the  Boulder  Park  Or- 
chard and- consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  grazing  land. 
The  balance  is  very  profitable  for  orchard  pro- 
ductions and  consists  of  fifteen  acres.  He  has 
eight  acres  set  out  to  peaches  which  produce 
from  four  to  five  thousand  boxes  annually. 
In  addition  to  this,  he  has  a  very  fine  a])ple  and 
pear  orchard,  just  coming  into  bearing,  which 
produces  about  four  hundred  boxes  annually 
and  will  soon  produce  much  more.  He  also 
has  a  fine  prune  and  berry  orchard  and,  as 
stated,  a  good  large  vineyard,  which  produced 
last  year  a  shipment  of  over  one  hundred  and 
fifty  boxes  of  first-class  grapes.     All  these  ex- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


629 


tensive  bearing  trees  indicate  the  thrift  and 
skill  possessed  by  Mr.  Cooper  and  he  not  only 
has  made  a  fine  success  of  his  work  here  but  has 
stimulated  others  to  commendable  efforts  in 
these  lines. 

William  Z.  Coper  was  born  in  Scotland 
county,  Missouri,  March  8,  i860,  the  son  of 
Joseph  D.  and  Sarah  (Worth)  Cooper.  nati\-es 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  reared  in  Worth 
county,  his  native  state  and  received  a  good 
common  school  education.  Eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-nine  was  the  year  in  which  Mr. 
Cooper  came  to  Washington.  He  first  settled 
in  Waterville,  Douglas  county,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  restaurant  business.  This  con- 
tinued until  1897,  when  he  located  his  present 
place,  which  is  just  opposite  the  Methow 
rapids.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  him- 
self as  stated  above  and  has  manifested  a  com- 
mendable ability  in  his  efforts. 

Politically,  Mr.  Cooper  has  always  been 
a  good,  stanch  Democrat.  He  has  been  school 
director  for  five  years  and  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  also  the  W.  O.  W. 

At  Waterville,  Mr.  Cooper  married  Miss 
Martha  M.,  daughter  of  William  and  Nancy 
(Todd)  Burgess,  natives  of  JMissouri,  and  now 
engaged  in  farming  in  the  Big  Bend  country. 
To  this  union  three  children  have  been  born, 
Frank  H.,  Jesse  L.  and  Edith  E.  In  addition 
to  his  other  interests,  Mr.  Cooper  owns  some 
fine  mining  property  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  county.  The  most  valuable  claims  are 
the  Sunday  Morn  and  the  Sunday  Eve,  which 
have  about  fifteen  hundred  dollars  worth  of 
development  work  done  upon  them.  They  show 
very  fine  values  and  it  is  expected  that  in  due 
time  they  will  become  shipping  mines. 


ROBERT  T.  PREWITT  came  to  Okano- 
gan county  in  the  early  days  and  commenced 
the  good  work  of  opening  a  farm  for  cultiva- 
tion and  stock  raising,  and  since  that  time  has 
steadily  followed  these  occupations,  achieving 
a  very  gratifying  success  in  his  labors.  He  was 
born  in  Linn  county,  Maine,  on  May  18,  1857, 
the  son  of  Joseph  and  Caroline  (Harris)  Pre- 
witt.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  is  still  liv- 
ing, but  the  mother  is  deceased. 

Robert  T.  received  a  good  educatinn  in  the 
common  schools  and  remained  with  his  parents 


until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he 
went  to  Texas  and  embarked  in  the  stock  busi- 
ness, following  the  same  for  twelve  years. 
From  that  place  he  came  to  Ellensburg,  in 
1886.  One  year  later  he  located  at  his  pres- 
ent place,  which  lies  two  miles  north  of  Twisp. 
The  farm  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  good  soil,  which  is  under  irrigation 
ditch.  He  raises  diversified  crops  and  handles 
a  nice  band  of  cattle.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr. 
Prewitt  has  a  good  orchard  and  other  improve- 
ments, which  make  the  place  valuable  and  com- 
fortable. 

Mr.  Prewitt  did  not  bring  his  family  hither 
until  1900,  having  fitted  the  farm  and  home 
place  for  them  in  the  meantime.  Politically 
he  is  a  good  active  Democrat,  and  has  twice 
been  elected  to  the  office  of  county  commis- 
sioner, in  which  position  he  has  shown  marked 
wisdom  and  good  judgment,  and  he  is  ever 
laboring  for  the  interest  of  the  people  as  for 
his  own.  In  Wise  county,  Texas,  in  1881,  Mr. 
Prewitt  married  Miss  Alvina,  daughter  of  Jor- 
dan and  Sobrina  Eads.  who  are  now  handling 
stock  in  the  Indian  Territory.  To  '^h.  and 
Mrs.  Prewitt  the  following  named  children 
have  been  born,  but  none  of  them  are  living: 
Laura,  Cora,  Bertie,  Maud,  Robert,  Thomas, 
Arthur,  Edith,  and  an  infant  unnamed. 


ANDREW  J.  BRACKETT.  Okanogan 
county  is  preeminently  a  mining  section. 
While  of  course  various  other  industries  are 
carried  on  and  make  large  wealth  for  the  coun- 
ty, still  mining  is  considered  the  leading  in- 
dustry. She  has  had  to  labor  against  all  the 
various  obstacles  in  the  way  of  a  new  county, 
such  as  lack  of  transportation,  wild  cat  schemes, 
and  so  forth.  Nevertheless,  progress,  and  ex- 
cellent progress,  has  been  made  in  the  mining 
industry  and  it  has  become  patent  to  the  world 
that  Okanogan  county  has  some  of  the  finest 
mineral  deposits  in  the  northwest.  The  up- 
building and  bringing  forward  of  the  county 
has  developed  upon  progressive  and  capable 
men,  not  least  among  whom  we  would  mention 
the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr.  Brackett  is  a 
thorough  mining  man,  while  also  he  has  had 
experience  in  various  other  lines  of  industry. 
He  is  giving  his  entire  attention  to  mining  and 
real   estate  at  the  present  time,  being  located 


630 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


at  Twisp.  He  is  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Methow  X^alley  Real  Estate  company  and  with 
S.  F.  Morgan  owns  the  Spokane  and  Twisp 
group  of  mines  adjoining  the  Twisp.  These 
gentlemen  bought  this  property  in  1900,  from 
John  Gilliham,  tlie  locator.  They  organized  a 
company  and  proceeded  at  once  with  extensive 
development  work.  About  twenty  thousand 
dollars  have  been  expended  in  this  line  and  the 
property  is  ready  for  shipping  ore.  only  wait- 
ing for  shipping  facilities.  It  is  a  gold  and 
silver  property  and  has  excellent  values  with 
a  large  bed  of  ore. 

Andrew  J  .  Brackett  was  born  in  Rochester, 
New  York,  on  June  30,  1851.  The  father, 
Andrew  J.  Brackett.  was  an  importer  of  earth- 
enware and  married  Aliss  Sarah  W.  Garfield. 
a  descendant  of  the  Whiting  family  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame.  Our  subject  is  the  only  living 
member  of  the  family,  his  parents,  two  sisters 
and  one  brother  having  all  died.  Andrew  J. 
remained  in  Rochester,  where  he  received  a 
good  academic  education  and  then  learned  the 
machinist's  trade.  From  1875  ^"""t''  ^880  he 
had  charge  of  the  D.  R.  Barton  edge  tool 
factory.  After  this  he  spent  a  decade  in  the 
manufacture  of  malt  at  Rochester,  and  in  1890 
he  went  to  Valley  City,  Dakota,  and  took 
charge  of  one  of  the  best  wheat  farms  in  that 
section.  In  1883  we  find  him  in  Alinneapolis, 
Minnesota,  connected  with  the  Northwestern 
Telephone  company  and  there  he  remained  un- 
til 1900,  the  year  'if  his  advent  in  Okanogan 
county. 

At  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1874,  Mr. 
Brackett  married  Miss  Sarah  L.  Barton,  who 
died  in  1883.  One  child  was  born  to  them 
which  also  died.  In  1890,  at  Sodas,  New 
York,  ;Mr.  Barton  married  Miss  Ada  B.  Will- 
iams. Mr.  Brackett  is  considered  one  of  the 
leading  mining  men  of  the  county  and  his  ex- 
cellent work,  done  on  the  Twisp  claims,  shows 
what  he  has  accomplished  in  this  line.  He  has 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who  know  him 
and  he  is   richly  deserving  of  the  same. 


JOHN  McEACHEN,  who  resides  at 
Bolster,  is  one  of  the  mining  men  who  have 
showed  by  their  labors  their  faith  in  the  bound- 
less mineral  resources  of  this  country  and  have 
brought  forth  substantial  evidence  of  the  rich 


deposits  in  the  mountains  adjacent.  He 
j  is  now  developing  some  properties  which  he 
located  sometime  since,  and  has  uncovered 
showings  which  convince  one  that  he  has  some 
good  ledges.  He  came  to  Meyers  creek  in  the 
spring  of  1897,  and  at  once  devoted  himself 
to  prospecting.  His  first  location  was  at  his 
present  home,  which  was  the  beginning  of  the 
town  of  Bolster.  Here  he  has  resided  since. 
Mr.  McEachen  has  also  some  other  valuable 
claims  showing  good  values  in  gold  and  copper. 
The  Constitution  and  the  Yamhill  are  well 
developed,  and  have  a  thirty  foot  ledge.  The 
Keystone  has  twelve  hundred  dollars  of  devel- 
opment and  promises  well  in  gold. 

John  I^IcEachen  was  born  in  Bath,  Maine, 
on  April  12,  1855,  the  son  of  John  and  Flora 
(McDonald)  IMcEachen.  The  father  was  born 
in  Maine,  and  died  durmg  service  in  the  Re- 
bellion. The  mother,  who  is  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, is  now  living  in  Portland  with  her  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Mary  T.  Ducett,  and  is  eighty-five 
years  of  age.  Mr.  Ducett  was  captain  on  a 
steamboat,  but  is  now  farming  near  Portland. 
Our  subject  was  with  his  parents  when  they 
went  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  after  his 
father's  death  worked  in  a  wholesale  grocery, 
and  so  assisted  to  support  the  rest  of  the  family. 
His  older  brother,  Norman,  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Brandy  Station,  and  our  subject  was 
the  mainstay  of  his  widowed  and  sorrowing 
mother  in  those  years  of  trial.  In  1877,  Mr. 
McEachen  came  via  New  York  and  Panama 
to  San  Francisco,  then  went  to  Phoenix,  Ari- 
zona, and  later  settled  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  cigar  business.  After 
this  he  was  clerk  in  a  hotel  in  The  Dalles,  then 
came  to  Spragtie  in  1881.  After  being  in 
business  there  for  some  time  he  returned  to 
Portland,  then  went  to  Couer  d'Alene  at  the 
time  of  the  excitement  there  in  1883-4.  Later  he 
went  to  Butte,  ^ilontana.  after  which  he  was 
conductor  on  a  construction  train  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific  in  the  Cascades.  From  that  ^Ir.  Mc- 
Eachen went  to  Portland,  and  later  located  a 
quarter  section  in  Washington  county  twenty- 
six  miles  northwest  from  the  city.  It  is  a 
good  farm,  well  improved  and  ^■aluable. 

On  April  24,  1893,  ]\Ir.  ]\IcEachen  mar- 
ried Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  William  and 
Hannah  Kutch.  and  a  native  of  Yamhill 
county.  The  parents  crossed  the  plains  in  the 
earlv  fifties,  and  are  now  living  on  the  old  do- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


631 


nation  claim  in  that  county.  On  December  28, 
1896,  Mrs.  McEaclien  died  leaving  no  children. 
The  bereaved  husband  then  sold  his  stock,  rent- 
ed his  farm,  and  came  to  Okanogan  county  to 
mine,  where  he  has  remained  since. 


ANTOINE  MARSHALL  has  had  a  life 
of  stirring-  adventure,  and,  like  many  of  the  self 
made  men,  has  had  to  face  every  kind  of  ad- 
versity and  endure  great  hardships  while  he 
wrought  with  unabating  zeal  to  gain  a  worthy 
success. 

Antoine  Marshall  was  born  in  St.  George, 
on  the  western  islands  of  Portugal,  on  Septem- 
ber 2,  1846,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Pauline 
Marshall,  natives  of  that  country.  When  ten 
years  old  he  embarked  with  his  uncle,  Frank 
Develer,  for  Boston.  He  visited  various  At- 
lantic towns,  then  went  as  sailor  boy  on  a  whal- 
ing vessel  and  assisted  in  those  young  days  in 
capturing  a  whale.  Returing  to  New  Bedford 
he  again  shipped  on  a  whaler,  so  enticing  had 
been  the  work.  He  visited  the  coasts  of  Brazil, 
New  Zealand,  Africa  and  various  other  places, 
and  finally  was  left  at  a  hospital  on  Tasmania, 
near  Australia,  on  account  of  brain  fever.  He 
had  been  out  twenty-six  months  -^'hen  this  oc- 
curred. As  soon  as  he  recovered  sufficiently 
he  shipped  on  board  of  an  English  vessel, 
where  he  remained  eighteen  months,  then 
transferred  to  a  trading  vessel,  upon  which  he 
became  second  mate.  Later  he  shipped  on  a 
trader  to  California  and  in  due  time  landed  in 
San  Francisco.  This  was  in  1870  and  he  soon 
found  his  way  to  Battle  Mountain,  Nevada, 
where  he  did  mining  and  also  operated  a  quartz 
mill  at  Jefferson  Canyon  for  three  years.  Then 
he  did  mining  near  Virginia  City  and  became 
expert  as  an  amalgamator.  He  operated  all 
through  the  various  mining  camps  of  the  state 
and  then,  in  1892,  came  to  the  Okanogan 
mines.  When  the  Triune  mill  was  built  Mr. 
Marshall  was  installed  as  manager.  Before 
this  he  had  operated  a  quartz  mill  at  Camp  Mc- 
Kinney.  Mr.  ^Marshall  has  had  extened  ex- 
perience in  every  department  of  mining  and 
milling  and  in  the  latter  capacitv  is  very  skill- 
ful. 

In  1897  Mr.  Marshall  purchased  the  right 
of  a  squatter  to  his  present  place,  five  miles 
west  from  Oroville.    Here  he  has  done  general 


farming  and  stock  raising.  Mr.  Marshall  has 
accomplished  a  great  deal  by  his  own  labor  on 
the  farm,  as  the  extensive  improvements  tes- 
tify. He  is  handling  some  stock  and  raises 
fifty  tons  of  hay  annually. 

Although  Mr.  Marshall  has  operated  in  al- 
most every  kind  of  pioneer  labors,  and  has 
sailed  the  high  seas  for  years,  he  has  yet  to  em- 
bark on  the  sea  of  matrimony  for  the  first  time, 
being  still  a  member  of  the  order  of  jolly  bach- 
elors. 


KARL  ADOLPH  MULLER  is  one  of  the 
3-ounger  men  who  have  been  assiduously  la- 
boring for  the  development  of  the  resources  of 
Okanogan  county.  He  resides  on  a  farm  about 
three  miles  northwest  of  Tonasket,  in  Horse 
Springs  coulee,  where  he  has  a  good  quarter 
section  which  is  devoted  to  general  farming. 

Our  subject  was  born  on  April  13,  1871,  in 
Zurich,  Switzerland,  the  son  of  Karl  and  Ame- 
lia Muller,  natives  of  that  little  republic.  The 
father,  who  was  a  skillful  cheese  maker, 
brought  his  family  into  the  United  States,  in 
1874,  settling  in  Lawrence,  Ohio.  They  were 
the  parents  of  eleven  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living  in  the  United  States.  Our  subject  gained 
his  education  from  the  public  and  high  schools 
of  Kansas,  to  which  latter  state  they  went  in 
1 88 1.  In  1884  he  began  to  clerk  in  one  of  the 
neighboring  stores.  After  this  he  was  occu- 
pied in  a  creamery,  then  went  to  Kansas  City 
and  worked  in  a  foundry.  Following  this  ven- 
ture, we  find  him  in  New  Mexico,  whence  he 
returned  to  Kansas,  then  journeyed  to  Mis- 
souri in  1876.  He  went  to  the  Eraser  river 
country  in  British  Columbia,  and  rode  the 
range  for  a  cattle  company  there.  He  was  fore- 
man after  that  for  nearly  three  years,  then  took 
the  gold  fever  and  started  to  Alaska.  This  was 
in  March,  1899.  He  went  to  Skagway,  and 
equipping  himself  with  a  boat  on  the  Cliilcoot 
river,  prospected,  but  met  with  no  success.  He 
returned  to  Douglas  Island  and  went  to  work  in 
the  Treadwell  mills,  after  which  he  came  to 
Skagway  and  was  occupied  in  a  planing  mill. 
He  soon  decided  that  he  had  enough  of  the  win- 
ter country,  and  came  back  to  Seattle,  whence 
he  went  to  Skykomish  and  prospected.  From 
there  he  came  to  Wenatchee.  whence  in  Decem- 
ber of  the  same  year,  1899.  he  journeyed  to 
Loomis.     In  the  following  March  he  took  his 


63-' 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


present  homestead  and  has  since  g-iven  his  at- 
tention to  its  development  and  cuUivation.  He 
is  now  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Karl 
Rudolph  IMuller,  who  is  named  in  another  por- 
tion of  this  work.  Mr.  IMuller  has  also  given 
some  attention  to  mining  since  coming  here, 
and  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  man  of  industry 
and  reliabilitv. 


GEORGE  W.  TINDALL  is  a  native  of  the 
Occident  and  beneath  these  stars  he  has  wrought 
all  his  days.  At  present,  Mr.  Tindall  is  the 
efficient  and  capable  sheriff  of  Okanogan  coun- 
ty, having  been  chosen  by  the  people  to  this 
position  in  the  fall  of  1902.  His  name  ap- 
peared on  the  Democratic  ticket  and  he  has 
shown  commendable  skill  and  wisdom  in  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  incumbent  upon  him  in 
this  relation  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
incorporate  a  review  of  the  salient  points  in  his 
career  in  this  volume,  which  purports  to  give 
mention  to  the  leading  citizens  of  Okanogan 
county. 

George  W.  Tindall  was  born  in  Linn  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  on  February  7,  1861,  the  son  of 
Charles  M.  Tindall.  a  native  of  Illinois.  The 
father  married  Miss  Ruth  A.  Moore,  a  native 
of  Wisconsin,  and  in  the  spring  of  1850,  with 
his  young  wife,  came  across  the  plains  and 
mountains  with  ox  teams  to  the  Willamette 
valley.  They  settled  on  a  donation  claim  on 
the  north  fork  of  the  Santiam  river  and  there 
remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1883.  he  being  then  fifty-three  years  of  age. 
The  mother  still  lives  on  the  old  homestead. 
They  raised  a  family  of  fourteen  children,  ten 
boys  and  four  girls,  our  subject  being  the  sixth 
one  of  the  family.  Six  boys  and  three  girls  are 
still  living.  George  W.  grew  up  amid  the 
scenes  of  the  west,  remaining  on  the  farm  until 
he  had  arrived  at  manhood's  estate.  His  edu- 
cation was  gained  from  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  place. 

On  September  2.  1886.  Mr.  Tindall  married 
Miss  Frances  Sutcliffe,  the  wedding  occurring 
in  Marion  county,  Oregon.  Mrs.  TindalFs 
father,  Adam  Sutcliffe.  was  of  English  extrac- 
tion and  a  great  traveler.  He  died  in  Walla 
Walla  being  over  ninety  years  of  age.  Soon 
after  his  marriage.  Mr.  Tindall  brought  his 
familv  over  the  mountains  bv  wagon  to  Pen- 


dleton, then  remo\ed  to  the  vicinity  of  Pull- 
man, where  he  farmed  for  ten  years.  In  1896, 
he  came  to  Spokane  and  engaged  in  mining. 
Two  years  later  we  find  him  in  the  Okanogan 
country  and  settlement  was  made  on  Meyers 
creek,  where  he  is  heavily  interested  in  some 
paying  properties.  They  have  considerable 
development  work  done  on  the  claims  and  it 
bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  shippers  at  no  distant 
day.  Mr.  Tindall  served  as  deputy  under  sheriff' 
H.  H.  Nickell  and  as  stated  above  at  the  last 
election  he  was  chosen  as  sheriff  of  the  county. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tindall  five  children  have 
been  born:  John,  deceased;  Ivan,  deceased; 
Frederick,  born  May  7,  1896;  Ruth,  born  May 
15,  1899;  Sidney  R.,  born  December  25,  1901. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tindall  are  highly  respected  peo- 
ple and  stand  well  in  the  community.  He  is  a 
man  of  sound  principles  and  has  hosts  of  warm 
friends. 


LEVI  D.  BURTON  is  a  veteran  of  the 
Civil  War,  being  one  of  the  very  first  to  step 
forward  and  offer  his  services  for  the  good  of 
his  country.  He  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Sec- 
ond Indiana  Cavalry,  in  September,  1861,  and 
served  in  the  first  Cavalry  Division  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  fighting  in  the  battles  of 
Pittsburg  Landing,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
and  others,  besides  doing  some  skirmishing. 
He  was  in  the  fiercest  of  the  fights,  and  many 
times  his  clothes  were  pierced  by  bullets.  Al- 
though he  witnessed  the  death  of  many  soldiers 
at  his  side,  he  received  no  wound  except  a  slight 
cut  on  the  head  from  the  saber  of  a  rebel  sur- 
geon. He  was  captured  once  by  General  Mor- 
gan, and  detained  seven  days.  Mr.  Burton  en- 
dured all  the  hardships  and  deprivations  in- 
cident to  a  soldier's  life,  and  showed  himself 
a  man  of  the  true  blue,  faithful  in  every  service 
and  reliable  at  all  times.  He  went  in  as  a  pri- 
vate, and  came  out  a  non-commissioned  cap- 
tain. For  the  excellent  service  he  rendered  his 
country  he  is  now  receiving  a  stipend  from  the 
government. 

Levi  D.  Burton  was  born  on  April  25. 
1836,  in  Preble  county.  Ohio,  the  son  of  Elijah 
and  Leanna  (Williams)  Burton,  natives  of 
Virginia  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  He  was 
educated  and  reared  in  A\'ayne  county.  Indiana, 
and  after  his  honorable  discharge  from  the 
armv  returned  home.     Soon  after  he  was  mar- 


LEVI   D.  BURTON 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


633 


ried,  Ijut  his  wife  took  consumption  and  died 
while  )oung.  Mr.  Burton  then  Hved  a  roving 
hfe,  and  \-isited  various  parts  of  the  United 
States  and  Mexico.  In  1873  l''^  ^^''is  in  CaH- 
fornia  and  then  went  to  Glendale,  Montana, 
where  he  made  considerable  money  but  spent 
it  freely.  Securing  a  blind  horse  and  a  cart  he 
began  a  journey  to  Yakima,  a  distance  of  eight 
hundred  miles.  Having  decided  that  this  was 
not  the  country  he  desired,  he  drove  the  same 
faithful  beast  to  Okanogan  county,  in  1887. 
He  immediately  located  a  fine  stock  ranch  near 
where  Loomis  now  stands,  and  from  that  time 
until  1903,  gave  his  time  to  improving  his 
ranch  and  raising  stock.  He  then  sold  his 
ranch  and  stock  and  removed  to  Loomis  where 
he  has  a  comfortable  home  and  is  passing  the 
golden  age  of  his  life  in  well  earned  retirement, 
supplied  with  a  good  competence  and  amid  a 
large  circle  of  friends.  Mr.  Burton  is  known 
as  one  of  the  thrifty  and  substantial  men  of 
his  county.  He  was  elected  county  commis- 
sioner in  1894  and  served  acceptably  for  two 
years. 


WELDON  V.  CHAMPNEYS  is  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  Okanogan  country,  and  his 
labors  have  materially  assisted  to  build  up  the 
county.  He  has  achieved  success  in  two  indus- 
tries since  coming  to  this  county,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  substantial  property  owners  and 
prominent  men  of  his  community. 

Weldon  V.  Champneys  was  born  in  Hemp- 
stead, England,  on  June  28.  1850,  the  son  of 
John  and  Ann  (Walker)  Champneys,  natives 
of  England.  The  father's  fathers  had  been 
Church  of  England  clergymen  for  several  gen- 
erations back,  and  held  a  large  estate.  John 
Champneys  managed  this  estate  during  his  life 
until  his  death  which  occurred  in  his  sixty- 
fifth  year,  at  the  home  place.  Hampstead  was 
near  London  when  Weldon  V.  was  born,  but 
is  now  a  part  of  that  metropolis.  Mr.  Champ- 
neys' mother  is  now  living  in  Wolverhampton, 
England,  aged  eighty-eight.  He  has  three  sis- 
ters in  England,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Anna 
Gray,  and  one  brother,  Herbert  G.,  in  Loomis. 
Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his  native 
land,  and  during  his  youthful  days  learned  the 
trade  of  the  blacksmith.  In  1880,  he  bade  fare- 
well to  his  native  land  and  loved  ones  there, 
and  came  to  the  United  States,  where  he  has 


wrought  with  great  energy  and  faithfulness 
since.  He  did  blacksmithing  in  New  York  for 
a  time,  and  then  came  to  Colorado,  where  he 
wrought  at  Pueblo  and  Husteds.  In  1882  ?ilr. 
Champneys  came  to  Walla  Walla,  and  there  as 
well  as  in  other  places  in  the  northwest,  he 
wrought  at  his  trade.  In  the  fall  of  1884,  Mr. 
Champneys  came  to  the  Similkameen  country, 
and  located  his  present  place  of  one  half  sec- 
tion, two  hundred  acres  of  which  are  good  bot- 
tom land.  At  the  time  of  his  location  here 
there  were  but  thirteen  white  men  and  two 
white  women  in  this  county.  All  the  supplies 
had  to  be  brought  from  Sprague,  and  as  there 
was  no  ferry  on  the  Columbia  other  than  the 
Indians'  canoes,  the  undertaking  was  attended 
with  great  labor  and  hardships.  Mr.  Champ- 
neys took  up  blacksmithing  and  also  mined 
some,  besides  improving  his  estate.  He  has 
continued  in  these  occupations  since,  attending 
principally  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock 
at  the  present  time.  His  labors  have  all  been 
attended  with  success,  as  wisdom  and  thrift 
merit,  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  and 
wealthy  men  of  this  county.  Mr.  Champneys 
stands  well  in  the  community  and  is  a  substan- 
tial citizen  of  his  county  and  state. 


CHARLES  L.  JONES.  On  the  east 
side  of  Palmer  lake,  in  the  region  known  as  the 
Cove,  dwells  the  gentleman  of  whom  we  now 
have  the  pleasure  to  speak.  He  has  a  valuable 
estate,  well  supplied  with  irrigating  water  and 
excellent  improvements.  His  residence  is  lo- 
cated on  the  bank  of  the  lake,  in  full  view  of 
that  beautiful  body  of  water,  which  with  the 
rugged  mountains  in  the  distance,  makes  an 
ideal  landscape.  Mr.  Jomes  is  known  as  a  man 
of  integrity  and  sound  principles.  He  is  among 
the  prosperous  agriculturists  and  devotes  his 
attention  to  general  farming  and  stock  raising. 

Charles  L.  Jones  was  born  on  September 
25,  1863,  in  Story  county,  Iowa,  the  son  of 
John  and  Melvina  (Harseman)  Jones,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  came  west  in 
1888  and  located  at  Colville,  in  1890,  where  he 
now  lives.  The  mother  died  in  1887.  Our 
subject  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  thirteen 
children.  He  grew  up  on  a  farm  in  Iowa,  and 
received  his  education  from  the  public  schools 
of  that  enterprising  state.     In  1885,  he  went  to 


634 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Valley,  Nebraska,  and  engaged  in  farming,  and 
later  journeyed  on  to  Leadville,  Colarado. 
After  visiting  various  sections  of  that  state  he 
returned  to  Iowa,  and  there  saw  his  mother  for 
the  last  time,  as  she  died  the  next  year.  In 
1888  he  came  to  the  Cascade  mountains,  then 
went  to  Walla  Walla,  after  which  he  returned 
to  Colorado,  and  in  1889,  came  to  Spokane. 
Later  we  see  him  in  the  Sound  country  and  in 
1 89 1,  he  came  to  Okanogan  county  and  located 
his  present  place  in  1895. 

On  November  29,  1892,  Mr.  Jones  married 
Mrs.  Elma  Clink,  a  native  of  Illinois.  By  her 
former  marriage,  she  has  one  daughter,  Mrs. 
Hope  Clink.  To  j\lr.  and  Mrs.  Jones,  two  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  Constance  T-  and  Zora. 


A.  GEORGE  WEHE  is  one  of  the  leading 
young  men  of  Okanogan  county  and  has  a  first- 
class  standing  among  the  best  people  of  this 
section.  At  the  present  time  he  is  county  com- 
missioner, having  been  elected  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket  in  the  fall  of  1902.  He  was  one  of 
the  three  Republicans  who  were  chosen  for 
county  offices  at  that  time.  His  stability,  integ- 
rity and  keen  business  sagacity  have  enabled- 
him  to  render  excellent  service  to  the  county 
in  this  capacity  and  he  is  a  man  of  prominence. 

A.  George  Wehe  was  born  in  Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin,  on  March  11,  1876,  the  son  of  Au- 
gust M.  and  Maria  S.  (Schwassmann)  Wehe. 
The  father  was  sergeant  in  the  Forty-eighth 
Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry  and  was  later 
transferred  to  the  Fifty-first,  being  promoted 
to  captain,  shortly  before  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  was  mustered  out  in  1865.  His  father,  the 
paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  par- 
ticipant in  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  and  also 
fought  in  the  war  of  181 2.  August  M.  Wehe 
born  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  March  17, 
1845,  'S  still  living  in  Milwaukee  and  is  occu- 
pied as  a  mining  expert  and  promoter.  He  is 
interested  in  several  mines  in  this  countv  and  is 
president  of  the  Wehe  Consolidated  Mining 
and  Milling  Company  and  director  in  the 
Nighthawk  and  the  Favorite.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Germany  on  ]\Iay  9, 
1847.  ^"d  came  to  the  United  States  at  the  age 
of  eight,  with  her  parents.  Settlement  was 
made  in  Milwaukee  and  there  she  is  living  now. 
Three  children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  our 


subject,  Adela-M.,  a  graduate  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Conservatory  of  Music,  and  now  instructor 
in  that  art,  and  Waldermar  C,  now  studying 
in  the  Columbia  Law  School  in  New  York. 
Our  subject  was  graduated  from  the  high 
school  in  Milwaukee  and  in  1896  came  to  this 
county.  He  was  with  a  government  surveying 
party.  After  three  years  here  he  went  east 
and  took  a  two  years'  course  in  the  Laiiversity 
of  Wisconsin,  taking  up  civil  engineering. 
Since  his  return  here  he  has  been  active  in  this 
work  and  is  now  studying  metallurgy.  It  is  his 
intention  to  go  to  San  Francisco  this  winter 
and  there  further  pursue  this  interesting 
branch.  In  1901  Mr.  Wehe  took  charge  of 
the  Nighthaw'k  as  manager,  and  laid  out  the 
plans  upon  which  the  development  work  is  be- 
ing done  at  this  time.  He  also  did  much  other 
surveying,  and  was  manager  of  the  Favorite. 
He  is  interested  in  these  properties  but  has  re- 
signed his  position. 

On  September  23,  1902,  Mr.  Wehe  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  I.,  daughter  of  John  and 
Sarah  (McFadden)  Regan.  The  father  is  de- 
ceased but  the  mother  is  still  living  in  Mil- 
waukee, whither  Mr.  Wehe  went  to  claim  his 
bride.  Mr.  Wehe  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  He  is  a  marked  student  and  has  shown 
excellent  industry  and  ability  and  the  future 
promises  bright  things  for  him. 


WILLIAM  C.  WILSON  was  born  on 
August  30,  1847,  the  son  of  David  L.  and 
Elizabeth  (Lundley)  Wilson,  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. The  father  came  to  Pike  county,  Indi- 
ana, in  1 82 1  and  there  farmed  seventy  years, 
dying  there  in  1891,  aged  ninety-eight.  The 
mother  died  in  Indiana.  The  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  born  in  Germany 
and  came  when  young  to  the  colonies  and 
fought  through  the  Revolution.  He  died  at 
the  advanced  age  of  one  hundred  and  four 
years.  One  son  of  this  venerable  man  is  now 
living  in  Humansville.  Pike  county,  Missouri, 
aged  one  hundred  and  five  years.  His  name 
is  I.  C.  Wilson  and  he  served  through  the  Mex- 
ican war.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Jacob, 
whose  husband  was  sergeant  in  the  Forty-sec- 
ond Indiana  during  the  Civil  War  and  was 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Chattanooga :  Abraham, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


635 


who  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Vicksburg;  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Stone;  Mrs.  Nancy  Gillmore;  John; 
Mrs.  Amelia  Penner.  All  those  living  are 
dwelling  in  Pike  county,  Indiana,  except  our 
subject. 

William  C.  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  in  the  spring  of  1870  went  to 
Vicksburg  Landing,  Mississippi,  and  engaged 
in  raising  cotton  in  the  bottoms  of  the  Sun- 
flower river.  A  break  in  the  levee  caused  a 
flood  to  destroy  his  entire  crop,  consequently 
he  retired  to  Missouri  and  took  up  selling  agri- 
cultural implements.  Later  he  engaged  under 
Captain  Eads  and  assisted  in  the  construction 
of  the  great  St.  Louis  bridge.  Following  this 
Mr.  Wilson  had  charge  of  track  laying  for  the 
M.  K.  &  T.,  and  put  down  the  steel  from  Ven- 
atta  to  Colvert  station,  a  distance  of  nearly 
six  hundred  miles.  In  the  spring  of  1872  Mr. 
Wilson  was  engaged  as  foreman  of  a  crew  in 
the  construction  of  the  Panama  canal  with 
Captain  Eads.  and  the  next  year  went  through 
South  America.  Returning  to  Gah-eston  we 
find  him  engaged  again  in  railroading  and  in 
various  places  he  had  charge  of  track  laying 
until  1880,  when  he  finished  from  San  Antonio 
to  El  Paso.  Here  the  Indians  were  hostile  and 
the  workmen  had  to  operate  under  a  guard  of 
soldiers.  In  the  spring  of  1884  Mr.  Wilson 
came  to  San  Francisco,  and  later  was  foreman 
for  David  Husher  on  a  large  ranch.  In  the  fall 
of  1886  we  see  our  subject  in  Ellensburg,  Wash- 
ington, where  again  he  took  up  track  laying 
and  operated  on  the  Northern  Pacific  for  Hale 
&  Smith,  being  present  at  the  driving  of  the 
golden  spike  on  the  western  side  of  the  Cas- 
cades. This  occurred  in  May,  1887.  In  July, 
he  was  in  the  Siskiyou  mountains  laying  track 
for  Hale  &  Smith  again  on  the  Southern  Pa- 
cific. There  he  constructed  the  road  from 
Albany  to  Ontario,  Oregon.  Later  we  see  ]\Ir. 
Wilson  in  Waterville,  where  he  did  farming 
until  the  spring  of  1894,  when  he  located  land 
south  of  the  Columbia  river,  opposite  Brewster. 
After  improving  with  a  fine  orchard  and  so 
forth  he  sold  the  ranch  in  the  fall  of  1902  and 
located  in  Brewster,  where  he  erected  a  fine 
residence  and  opened  a  harness  shop.  On  Au- 
gust 8,  1903,  Mr.  Wilson  suffered  by  fire  to  the 
extent  of  his  entire  holdings,  such  as  buildings 
and  stock,  but  he  immediately  rebuilt  and 
stocked  his  store.  Mr.  Wilson  also  owns  sev- 
eral business  buildings  in  Brewster,  which  he 


rents.  He  has  a  good,  large  stock  of  harness, 
saddles  and  so  forth,  and  in  addition  to  doing 
new  work  handles  a  good  repair  trade.  He 
is  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  business 
men  of  the  county. 

At  Ellensburg,  on  February  26,  1888,  Mr. 
Wilson  married  Miss  Leona,  a  native  of  the 
Willamette  valley,  Oregon.  Her  father,  John 
Hanna,  married  Miss  Mary  A.  McDonald,  and 
settled  in  the  valley  in  very  early  days.  He  met 
his  death  in  a  railroad  accident  at  The  Dalles  in 
1883.  The  mother  crossed  the  plains  when  a 
child  with  her  parents  with  ox  teams  and  is 
now  dwelling  in  Ellensburg.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  six  children  have  been  born,  Madge  M., 
George  D.,  Hester  J.,  Ouintin  A.,  Hallie  B., 
and  Leona. 


DANIEL  S.  GAMBLE,  who  is  propri- 
etor of  the  Hotel  Gamble  at  Brewster,  is  one 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  Okanogan 
county  and  is  well  known  in  this  portion  of 
Washington.  He  is  proprietor  of  one  of  the 
finest  hotels  in  this  part  of  the  state  and  has  la- 
bored steadily  and  with  telling  results  in  build- 
ing up  Brewster  and  the  surrounding  country. 
In  1898  Mr.  Gamble  was  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  at  Brewster,  beginning  business  in  a 
small  house,  which  was  enlarged  from  time  to 
time  until  he  now  has  an  elegant  three  story 
structure  eighty  feet  deep,  with  a  frontage  of 
seventy-six  feet.  It  has  forty  sleeping  apart- 
ments, in  addition  to  a  spacious  dining  room, 
sample  room,  office,  kitchen  and  so  forth.  The 
rooms  are  large  and  light  and  the  building  is 
handled  in  a  first-class  manner.  Mr.  Gamble 
has  supplied  his  hotel  with  a  private  water 
system  that  gives  an  abundance  of  water  to 
all  parts  of  the  house.  As  a  host  he  is  affable 
and  genial  and  a  favorite  with  the  tra\eling 
public. 

Daniel  S.  Gamble  was  born  in  Colchester 
county.  Nova  Scotia,  on  February  16,  1867,  the 
son  of  Robert  and  Deborah  (Reed)  Gamble, 
natives  of  the  same  place,  and  where  they  still 
live,  aged  seventy-four  and  sixty-eight  respec- 
tively. They  were  the  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren :  Mrs.  Malinda  Muhe.  deceased ;  Daniel 
S.,  our  subject ;  John,  deceased ;  Martha,  de- 
ceased; Joseph;  Charles;  Chesley  R.  All  of 
those  living  are  in  Nova  Scotia,  except  our 
subject.      From    the    common    schools   of    his 


636 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


home  place  Mr.  Gamble  received  his  education 
and  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  builder 
during-  his  youth.  In  1885-  he  came  to  Lan- 
sing, Michigan,  whence  one  year  later  he  went 
to  Oakland,  California,  and  labored  in  the 
bridge  construction  department  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  for  five  years.  In  the  spring  of 
1890  he  accepted  a  position  with  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Bridge  Company,  and  later  came  to  this 
state.  Here  he  did  contracting  and  building. 
He  put  in  the  Ferry  at  \'irginia  City  and 
Chelan  Falls  and  operated  the  Virginia  City 
ferry,  just  below  Bridgeport.  He  also  bought 
and  sold  horses.  In  1898.  as  stated  above,  Mr. 
Gamble  entered  the  hotel  business  and  has  made 
good  success  of  it  since  that  time. 

On  February  15,  1896.  Mr.  Gamble  mar- 
ried Aliss  Cora  May,  daughter  of  Stephen  C. 
and  Ursula  IMunson,  natives  of  j\Iaine  and  pio- 
neers to  California  in  the  early  fifties.  In  1885 
the  family  came  to  Okanogan  county,  where 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Munson  both  died.  Mrs.  Gam- 
ble was  born  in  California  on  October  7,  1877, 
and  has  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Joseph  Hilton  and 
Mrs.  Annie  L.  Walton.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gamble,  Martha 
U.,  aged  four  and  Cyril  H.,  aged  two.  Mr. 
Gamble  was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  where 
Brewster  now  is  and  has  ever  been  active  in 
building  up  the  town  and  for  the  general  wel- 
fare of  the  county. 


JULIUS  A.  LOO:\IIS,  from  whom  the 
town  of  Loomis,  Washington,  received  its 
name,  was  born  in  St.  Albans,  Vermont,  in 
May,  1852.  The  next  year  his  father,  Calvin 
D.  Loomis,  removed  to  Springfield,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
cigars,  W.  H.  Wright  being  foreman.  Later 
he  sold  to  Mr.  Wright  and  the  business  is  still 
conducted  as  W.  H.  Wright  &  Company.  Mr. 
Loomis  was  a  large  land  holder  and  a  promoter 
of  enterprises  and  died  in  the  prime  of  life, 
mourned  by  many. 

Our  subject  was  liberally  educated  in  the 
ordinary  schools  and  in  the  Williston  Seminary 
at  Easthampton.  Then  he  accepted  a  position 
in  the  banking  house  of  Hon.  P.  S.  Bailey. 
Mr.  Bailey  used  frequently  to  remark  that 
young  Loomis  was  the  best  assistant  he  eve;- 
had.     Following  this  service  Mr.  Loomis  spent 


several  years  in  Germany,  studying.  Upon 
his  return  he  accepted  a  position  as  clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  paymaster  in  the  United  States 
armory,  after  which  he  again  associated  him- 
self with  the  Hampden  bank  and  remained  until 
1880.  Then  he  launched  forth  into  the  west, 
locating  at  Hartford,  North  Dakota.  The 
next  year  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Fargo.  There 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  N.  K.  Hubbard 
and  they  started  the  Goose  River  Bank  at  May- 
ville,  North  Dakota.  This  was  very  success- 
ful and  after  three  years  Mr.  Loomis  sold  his 
interest  to  his  partner  and  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  took  a  seat  on  the  board  of  trade. 
Tiring  of  city  life  he  came  to  Okanogan 
county  on  the  recommendation  of  friends. 
This  was  in  1886.  Mr.  Loomis  immediately 
bought  an  interest  in  the  farm  of  Guy  \\'aring 
and  established  a  trading  post,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Waring  &  Loomis.  Later  Mr.  War- 
ing removed  to  Spokane  and  left  I\Ir.  Loomis 
in  charge  of  the  business.  In  May,  1888,  Mr. 
Waring  sold  his  interest  to  G.  H.  Noyes  and 
the  firm  was  known  as  J.  A.  Loomis  &  Com- 
pany. They  did  a  fine  business  and  prospered 
from  the  start.  Larger  buildings  were  needed 
to  accommodate  their  goods  and  trade  and  this 
continued  until  the  fall  of  1894,  when  the  en- 
tire business  was  closed  up. 

While  in  Chicago  Mr.  Loomis  married  and 
left  his  young  wife  in  that  city  until  he  should 
get  established  in  the  west.  What  was  his  hor- 
hor  in  the  winter  of  1887  to  receive  a  telegram 
three  months  old,  that  told  of  the  mortal  ill- 
ness of  his  wife.  The  untimely  death  so  preyed 
upon  him  that  he  never  recovered  his  wonted 
cheerfulness. 

After  a  long  and  painful  illness,  in  1898, 
near  Spokane,  he  died,  leaving  one  child, 
Evera,  who  is  living  with  relatives  in  St.  .\1- 
bans,  Vermont. 


WELLINGTON  FRENCH  is  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  in  Okanogan  county  that 
still  remains  within  its  borders.  He  has  always 
shown  the  good  spirit  of  the  pioneer,  and  his 
industry  and  sagacity  have  accumulated  for 
him  such  a  holding  of  stock,  land  and  personal 
]M-operty  that  he  is  rightly  numbered  as  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  men  of  this  section. 

W'cllington  French  was  born  in  the  ]-)ro\- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


^Z7 


ince  of  Quebec,  on  Februar)'  28,  1856,  the  son 
of  Robert  and  Harriet  (Coman)  French,  na- 
tives of  Ireland  and  Canada,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  Canada  when  a  boy  and  farmed 
there  until  his  death.  He  was  a  prominent 
man  of  his  section  and  held  various  important 
county  offices.  The  mother  is  still  living  in 
Quebec.  Our  subject  is  the  oldest  of  a  family 
of  ten  children,  named  as  follows,  Welling- 
ton, Charles  W.,  John  H.,  Thomas  R.,  James, 
J\Irs.  Mary  Young,  INIrs.  Isabella  Ross,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Cyr,  Mrs.  Cora  Morrison  and  Mrs. 
Helen  Johnston.  Wellington  was  educated  in  his 
nati\-e  country  and  in  1878  stepped  forth  from 
the  parental  roof  to  meet  the  responsibilities  for 
himself.  He  traveled  to  various  places  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  being  on  the  Fraser  river,  where 
he  did  placer  mining.  In  1885  he  came  to  the 
Okanogan  country  and  as  soon  as  the  land  was 
opened  settled  on  his  present  place,  four  miles 
southeast  from  Conconully.  He  selected  his 
present  ranch,  one  of  the  best  in  the  entire 
county.  It  consists  of  two  hundred  acres,  well 
watered  and  supplied  with  plenty  of  first-class 
improvements  and  produces  large  returns  in 
the  cereals  and  hay.  In  addition  to  this  Mr. 
French  owns  a  ranch  of  bunch  grass  land 
which  is  the  same  size  as  the  home  place  and  is 
well  improved.  He  brought  some  cattle  with 
him  from  British  Columbia  and  now  has  a 
large  band.  His  entire  holding  is  to  be  cred- 
ited to  his  earnest  and  wise  endeavors. 

On  November  11,  1889,  Mr.  French  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Malcom  and 
I\Iary  ]\IcCaskill.  The  father  is  deceased.  The 
mother  lives  at  Quebec,  and  is  of  Scotch  an- 
cestry,-. ]\Irs.  h'rench  was  reared  in  the  same 
neighborhood  as  her  husl)and.  They  now  have 
three  children,  Eva  C.  Katie  H.,  and  Robert 
M. 


FREDERICK  P.  ^^'EHE.  more  famil- 
iarly known  known  as  Major  Wehe,  is  one  of 
the  well  known  and  substantial  men  of  Okano- 
gan county.  He  was  Major  of  a  regiment  of 
cadets  and  has  since  borne  the  title.  Mr.  Wehe 
is  occupied  in  mining  .and  owns  an  excellent 
property  all  by  himself.  He  has.  in  addition, 
stock  in  the  Wehe  consolidated  and  in  the 
Nighthawk  company,  besides  various  other 
stocks  and  prospects. 

Frederick  P.  Wehe  was  born  on  February 


2,  1836,  in  Prussia,  Germany,  the  son  of  John 
P.  and  Elnore  (DeBellor)  Wehe,  natives  of 
Prussia.  The  father  was  born  in  1795,  and 
was  drum  major  in  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  in 
1815.  He  also  was  a  collector  of  revenue  and 
a  prominent  man  in  his  country.  The  mother 
was  of  French  extraction,  her  father  being 
General  DeBellor.  They  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1839  and  the  following  year  located 
in  IMilwaukee.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  our  sub- 
ject went  to  New  York  on  board  a  vessel  as 
cabin  boy  and  worked  his  \vay  around  Cape 
Horn  and  to  San  Francisco  to  see  his  brother. 
Failing  to  find  him  he  came  back  in  the  same 
capacity,  then  went  to  steamboating  on  the 
lakes.  He  rose  to  the  office  of  steward,  which 
he  held  for  six  years,  on  the  Propeller  and 
Mayflower.  He  enlisted  at  the  first  call  for 
three  months,  in  the  Ci\'il  War,  enrolling  at 
St.  Louis.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
camps  Jackson  and  Booneville.  On  September 
16,  1861,  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  A,  Second 
Missouri  Cavalry,  for  three  years.  During 
these  years  he  was  in  almost  constant  action 
in  Missouri  and  Arkansas,  fighting  bushwhack- 
ers and  guerillas.  He  participated  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Little  Rock  and  received  two  wounds. 
Mr.  Wehe  was  appointed  quartermaster  and 
senior  vice  commander  of  the  Philip  Sheridan 
Post  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  in  Milwaukee,  and  is  now 
a  memljer  of  the  Robert  Chevas  post.  After 
the  war  Mr.  Wehe  gave  his  attention  to  the 
boot  and  shoe  business  in  Milwaukee  until 
1879,  in  which  year  he  went  to  Leadville  and 
engaged  in  mining.  Later  he  did  collecting 
until  1 891,  when  he  came  west  to  his  present 
place,  arriving  here  in  June.  Three  brothers 
had  preceded  him  and  are  named  as  follows, 
Albert  C,  Frederick  P.,  and  August  M.  From 
the  four  the  postoffice  received  the  name  of 
\\'e]ie\-ille. 

On  November  i,  1865,  Mr.  Wehe  married 
Mrs.  Julia  Bonniwell  in  Milwaukee.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  as  follows, 
Albert  F..  Eugene  F.,  John  E.,  and  :Mabel 
Chapman. 


LEWIS  .A.  KAUFMAN  is  a  good  repre- 
sentative of  one  who  has  taken  hold  with  his 
bare  hands  in  Okanogan  county  and  made 
himself  one  of  the  wealthy  citizens,  without  the 
aid  of  capital  or  outside  assistance.     He  is  now 


638 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of  the  country 
and  has  shown  remarkable  tenacity  of  purpose 
as  well  as  wisdom  and  thrift  in  his  efforts. 

Lewis  A.  Kaufman  was  born  in  Wayne 
county,  Ohio,  on  February  24,  1862,  the  son 
of  Austin  and  Jane  (^JMcClurej  Kaufman.  The 
father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  from 
youth  followed  the  stock  business.  He  dealt  in 
and  raised  cattle  and  drove  them  from  Ohio  to 
Pennsylvania  and  other  points  of  the  east  be- 
fore railroad  traffic.  He  now  resides  in  Wayne 
county,  Iowa,  a  retired  and  wealthy  citizen. 
His  wife  died  in  1872.  Our  subject  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  Hilbert,  Mrs.  Adella 
Noggles,  ;\Irs.  Olive  Miller,  Reno,  and 
Mrs.  Cora  Myers.  Lewis  A.  was  reared  on  a 
stock  farm  in  his  native  place  and  received  a 
good  education,  not  only  in  the  public  schools, 
but  in  a  practical  training  under  the  guidance 
of  a  wise  father.  He  remained  with  his  father 
until  sixteen,  then  went  on  a  trip  of  investiga- 
tion in  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  Later,  he  settled 
in  Decatur  county,  Kansas,  and  took  up  wool 
growing.  His  brother,  Hilbert,  was  his  part- 
ner in  this  venture.  Later,  he  sold  to  the  brother 
and  in  1 888  came  to  Garfield  county,  Washing- 
ton. Two  years  later  he  located  his  present 
place,  four  miles  east  from  ConconuUy,  in 
Scotch  coulee,  and  has  devoted  himself  to 
stock  raising  and  general  farming  since.  The 
place  is  well  improved  and  bears  abundance  of 
hay  and  other  products.  Mr.  Kaufman  makes 
a  specialty  of  buying  steers  and  fitting  them 
for  the  market.  He  has  al»ut  two  hundred 
ready  to  turn  off  this  fall. 

On  October  15,  1885,  Mr.  Kaufman  mar- 
ried Miss  Nettie,  daughter  of  John  R .  and 
Ellen  (Alendenhall)  Sims,  nati\-es  of  Illinois. 
The  father  is  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War  and  is 
now  aged  seventy-six.  With  his  wife,  who  is 
aged  sixty-six,  he  lives  a  retired  life  in  Hill 
City,  Kansas.  On  June  14,  1901,  Mrs.  Kauf- 
man was  called  away  by  death,  leaving  five 
children,  Clarence  \'..  Laurence  C,  Edna  E., 
Crystal,  and  Clyde  A.  In  the  fall  of  1902 
Mr.  Kaufman  went  to  visit  his  father  in  the 
east,  and  then  journeyed  to  Jennings,  Kansas, 
where  he  married  Miss  Louie  D.  Barnett,  the 
date  of  the  nuptials  being  November  19,  1902. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  Erie  county,  Ohio, 
and  now  live  in  Okanogan  county,  having  come 
hither  in  June,   1903. 

Mr.   Kaufman  served  as  deputy  sheriff'  of 


Okanogan  county  for  some  time  and  always 
takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  aft'airs  of  the 
county. 


NELS  BERTELSEN  NELSON.  Like 
many  of  our  most  substantial  and  worthy  citi- 
zens Mr.  Nelson  came  to  us  from  across  the 
waters.  He  was  born  in  Veile,  Denmark,  on 
January  3,  1876.  the  son  of  Nels  B.  and  Anna 
M.  (Jorgensen)  Bertelsen,  natives  of  Den- 
mark. The  father  is  dead  and  the  mother  is 
living  there,  aged  seventy-one.  To  this  worthy 
couple  five  children  have  been  born.  Rufus  B., 
the  state  veterinarian  at  the  Washington  agri- 
cultural college  at  Pullman ;  Anna  B. ;  Peter 
B. ;  the  first  settler  in  the  town  of  Nelson, 
Washington,  which  was  named  after  him,  and 
now  he  conducts  a  large  general  store  there; 
Petrina  B. ;  and  our  subject. 

Nels  B.  grew  up  in  the  old  country  and  in 
due  time  graduated  from  the  high  school,  then 
learned  the  photographer's  art.  He  followed 
this  for  eight  years  in  Denmark,  and  also 
served  his  term  in  the  regular  army.  It  was 
1889  that  he  determined  to  come  to  the  L'nited 
States,  and  accordingly  journeyed  direct  to 
where  his  brother  was  at  Nelson.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  the  store  and  also  as  custom  broker 
and  postmaster.  In  December,  1901,  he  went 
to  Curlew,  erected  a  store  building  twenty- 
four  by  fifty-six  and  opened  up  a  general  mer- 
chandise business.  In  July,  1903,  he  opened 
a  branch  store  in  Molson  and  later  after 
disposing  of  these  enterprises  he  entered  as 
partner  into  the  firm  of  Anderson  Brothers  at 
Brewster  and  is  manager  of  the  Brewster 
store.  Mr.  Nelson  has  a  good  patronage  and 
has  shown  himself  to  be  a  first-class  business 
man.  He  is  a  popular  and  energetic  and  has 
a  good  future  before  him  in  the  commercial 
world. 

On  Septeml^er  2,  1900,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage nf  ]\Ir.  Nelson  and  Miss  Johanne  Peter- 
sen. Their  engagement  had  been  consummated 
while  they  were  in  the  old  country  and  Miss 
Petersen  came  to  the  LTnited  States  just  pre- 
vious to  their  marriage.  Her  parents  are 
Johan  and  Christine  (Honore)  Petersen.  The 
father  is  deceased  and  the  mother  is  still  living 
in  the  old  country.  To  Mr.  and  "Sirs.  Nelson 
two  children  have  been  born,  Erna  B.  on  July 
3.    1902,  and  Harriot  B.  on  April   10,   1904. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


639 


Mr.  Nelson  is  well  connected  in  Fraternal  or- 
ders, and  is  one  of  the  rising"  young  men  of 
Okanogan  county. 


HARVEY  H.  NICKELL  is  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  who  made  permanent  settle- 
ment in  Okanogan  county,  and  the  labors  these 
worthy  people  did  to  open  the  country  and 
make  it  a  place  for  the  abode  of  civilization 
cannot  be  too  highl)'  commended.  To  such  as 
these  do  we  owe  the  opening  of  our  frontier 
and  the  extension  of  the  realm  of  the  stars  and 
stripes. 

Harvey  H.  Nickell  was  born  in  Callaway 
county,  Missouri,  on  December  zj,  1857,  the 
son  of  Isaac  and  Isabel  (^Humphries)  Nickell, 
natives  of  West  Virgina.  The  father  died  in 
Wise  county,  Texas,  on  February  5,  1901,  aged 
seventy-eight,  while  the  mother  died  in  the 
Methow  valley,  on  No\-ember  13,  1894,  aged 
sixty-five.  The  father  had  served  in  the  state 
militia  during  the  war.  They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.  Sneathen, 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Jackson,  James  W.,  IMrs.  Lyd- 
dia  S.  Goodwin,  John  A.,  Mrs.  Sarah  F.  Jack- 
son, Harvey  H.,  Mrs.  Eliza  C.  Stone,  Isaac  A., 
George  E.,  Robert  F.,  and  two  who  died  in  in- 
fancy. Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  in  1872,  went  with  his  parents 
to  Wise  county,  Texas.  There,  on  February 
8,  1877,  Mr.  Nickell  married  Miss  Alcenia  C. 
Ray,  a  native  of  Texas.  Her  father,  William 
Ray,  was  a  pioneer  in  Texas.  Mr.  Nickell 
farmed  in  Texas  until  1884,  when  he  came  to 
Pendleton,  Oregon,  and  thence  to  Kittitas 
county,  Washington.  In  1887  he  came  with 
others  to  the  Methow  ^'alley  and  located  a 
claim.  No  wagon  roads  were  in  the  \'alley 
then  and  all  household  goods  had  to  be  brought 
in  on  pack  animals.  His  wife  and  four  chil- 
dren came  in  here  on  horseback,  landing  there 
on  July  4,  1888.  They  labored  on  together 
until  December  16,  1890,  when  death  claimed 
the  faithful  wife.  She  had  been  the  mother  of 
the  following  named  children :  John  W. ,  a 
pilot  on  the  Columbia;  Clara  B.,  deceased,  be- 
ing buried  in  Texas;  Ethel;  David  F.,  in  the 
Commercial  Bank  at  Conconully;  Efifie:  and 
Mary  Ellen,  who  was  the  first  white  child  born 
in  the  Methow  valley  now  living.  Mr.  Nickell 
gave  himself  to  improving  his  place  and  to  rais- 


ing stock.  He  has  a  good  farm  in  the  Methow 
and  now  lives  in  Conconully.  Our  subject, 
N.  Stone,  JNI.  Thurlow  and  C.  Kendall  landed 
the  first  wagon  and  mower  in  the  Methow  val- 
ley on  August  8,  1888,  they  having  been 
brought  over  the  mountains.  In  1894  Mr. 
Nickell  was  chosen  sheriff  of  Okanogan  county 
on  the  People's  ticket.  In  1900  he  was  chosen 
to  the  same  position  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
and  in  all  this  public  service  he  showed  marked 
efficiency  and  faithfulness.  In  December,  1902, 
he  secured  the  mail  contract  from  Brewster  to 
Conconully  and  is  now  operating  the  daily  stage 
each  way,  handling  passengers  and  express. 

On  January  19,  1897,  Mr.  Nickell  married 
Miss  Rosa  E.,  daughter  of  Jerry  M.  and  Rosa 
(Sterling)  Wilson.  The  parents  came  from 
Illinois,  where  Mrs.  Nickell  was  born,  to  the 
Methow  valley  in  1891,  where  they  now  reside. 
The  father  is  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War.  To 
this  marriage  two  children  have  been  born, 
Frances  I.  and  Thelma.  Mr.  Nickell  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  W.,  while  he  and  his  wife  lx>th 
belong  to  the  Women  of  Woodcraft. 

During  the  early  days,  it  is  of  interest  that 
the  settlers  had  to  gain  their  meat  from  the 
wild  game  to  be  had.  Mr.  Nickell  states  that 
on  one  occasion  he  and  his  brother  counted  one 
thousand  deer  in  one  drove,  which  great  plenty 
of  game  gave  them  abiuidance  of  meat. 


JOHN  E.  WALTER  is  one  of  the  newer 
arrivals  from  the  east  in  the  reservation  coun- 
try and  is  now  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Hain- 
ilton  in  the  Chesaw  Trading  company,  which 
does  a  general  merchandising  business.  They 
own  their  building  and  have  a  large  well  as- 
sorted stock  of  goods  which  finds  ready  pur- 
chasers  from   the  surrounding  countiy. 

John  W.  Walter  was  born  in  Miami  county, 
Indiana,  on  January  13,  1876,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam R.  and  Mary  E.  (Barker)  Walter,  nati\-es 
of  Germany  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  the  United  States  when  a  boy, 
settling  in  Danville,  Illinois,  whence  he  went  to 
]\Iiami  county,  Indiana,  and  there  married.  Our 
subject  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters,  William,  Mrs.  Alary  Droneberg,  Mrs. 
Laura  Ryan,  Mrs.  Ida  Hamilton,  and  Omer 
T.  John  E.  received  a  good  education  from 
the  common  schools  and  then  learned  the  car- 


640 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


penter  trade  and  did  contracting  and  building 
for  several  years.  This  was  in  the  city  of  Peru, 
Indiana,  and  then  he  started  in  the  grocery  and 
meat  market  business,  which  was  followed  for 
some  time. 

On  July  II,  1900,  Mr.  Walter  married 
Miss  Grace  O.  Evans,  a  native  of  Miami 
county.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Peru  and 
Mrs.  Walter's  parents  are  George  S.  and  Jose- 
phine (Tillet)  Evans.  The  father  was  a  prom- 
inent citizen  of  Peru,  fought  through  the  Civil 
War,  and  died  in  1886.  The  mother  is  also  de- 
ceased. Immediately  after  his  marriage  Mr. 
Walter  settled  on  his  farm  in  Indiana  and  there 
remained  until  1902,  when  he  sold  his  prop- 
erty and  came  west,  visiting  Rossland,  British 
Columbia,  and  other  points.  He  was  so  well 
impressed  with  the  country  that  he  sought  out 
a  location  and  brought  his  family  out  in  the 
spring  of  1903.  He  located  at  Chesaw  and 
bought  the  interest  in  the  mercantile  business 
mentioned  al»ve.  Mr.  Walter  is  a  good  busi- 
ness man  and  has  showed  himself  possessed  of 
integrity  and  sound  principles.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the,  Benevolent 
Order  of  Colonials.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter,  Paul  S.  and 
Ruth  A.  Mr.  Walter  is  aho  interested  in  dif- 
ferent mining  ventures  and  properties  in  this 
section  in  addition  to  his  mercantile  business. 


WILLIAAI  T.  PETERSON  is  one  of  the 
prominent  mining  men  in  the  Okanogan  dis- 
tricts. At  the  present  time  he  is  postmaster  at 
Nighthawk  and  is  also  managing  a  large  realty 
concern,  known  as  the  Nighthawk  Real  Estate 
Company.  Mr.  Peterson  has  manifested 
niendable  zeal  and  energy  in  the  good  work  of 
developing  this  country  and  much  credit  for  the 
vast  improvements  in  the  mining  interests  here 
are  due  to  his  faithful  labors. 

William  T.  Peterson  was  born  in  Ray- 
mond, Wisconsin,  on  June  i,  1873.  the  son  of 
Jens  J.  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Wilson)  Peterson, 
natives  of  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  and  Ray- 
mond, Wisconsin,  respectively.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1839.  being  the  first  girl  born  in 
Raymond.  The  father  was  born  on  August 
12.  1 83 1,  and  learned  the  moulder's  trade  in 
his  youth.  In  1858  he  came  to  New  Orleans 
and  later  went  via  St.  Louis  to  Ravmond,  Wis- 


consin. At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he 
enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twenty-second  Wis- 
consin Infantry  as  private,  and  after  a  long 
and  honorable  service  was  discharged  as  second 
lieutenant.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Chickamauga,  Resaca,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  and 
various  others.  In  the  last  one  mentioned  he 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  head,  which  nearly 
cost  him  his  eyesight.  In  falling  he  injured  his 
hip  which  leaves  him  with  a  lameness  to  this 
day.  He  was  active  in  many  skirmishes  and 
accompanied  Sherman  on  the  famous  march  to 
the  sea.  On  one  occasion  he  was  captured  by 
the  enemy  and  languished  a  time  in  Libby 
prison.  At  the  present  Mr.  Peterson  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  in  jMilwaukee,  where  he 
resides  with  his  wife. 

The  subject  of  this  article  has  one  brother, 
Charles  T.,  who  is  specifically  mentioned  in 
another  portion  of  this  work,  and  two  sisters, 
Mable  E.  and  Emma  J.,  both  trained  nurses, 
the  former  in  Milwaukee  and  the  latter  in 
Redding,  California.  Our  subject  was  -edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  went  to  sailing  on  the  lakes,  and  soon 
thereafter  was  on  the  high  seas.  During  this 
time  he  cruised  around  the  world  and  visited 
many  of  the  noted  ports  of  all  countries.  He 
enlisted  in  the  navy  and  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Spanish  war  was  on  the  New  Orleans.  He  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  battles  at  Santiago,  with  the 
exception  of  one,  and  his  was  the  first  war  ship 
to  get  to  Porto  Rico  and  San  Juan.  After  the 
jubilee  demonstration  at  Philadelphia  Mr. 
Peterson  was  honorably  discharged  at  the 
yards  in  New  York.  He  went  at  once  to  visit 
his  parents  in  Milwaukee.  During  Mr.  Peter- 
son's service  he  was  first  under  the  command  of 
Admiral  Schley  and  then  under  .Vdmiral  Samp- 
son. 

In  1900  Mr.  Peterson  came  to  Okanogan 
county  and  prospected.  During  this  time  he 
located  twenty  of  the  claims  now  owned  by  the 
Nighthawk  company  and  it  was  through  his 
efforts  largely  that  the  IMilwaukee  &  Palmer 
Mountain  Gold  &  Copper  Mining  Company 
was  incorporated.  This  company  is  now  ab- 
sorbed 1>y  the  Nighthawk.  which  owns  fifty- 
five  claims  and  some  fractions.  The  Night- 
hawk  company  was  organized  in  July.  1901, 
James  S.  Church  being  president,  Peter  J.  Som- 
ers,  vice-president,  H.  D.  James,  secretary- 
treasurer    and    general    manager.     Myron  J. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


641 


Church  is  resident  manager.  It  is  said  that  the 
property  has  the  best  showing  of  any  in  this 
section  and  it  certainly  is  one  of  the  vahiable 
mines  of  the  northwest.  It  has  a  large  ledge, 
which  shows  great  values  in  gold,  copper,  lead 
and  silver.  Mr.  Peterson  is  one  of  the  heavy 
stockholders  and  has  done  much  to  assist  in 
placing  the  company  in  its  present  prosperous 
position.  In  February,  190^,  Mr.  Peterson 
started  a  store  in  Nighthawk,  got  a  postoffice 
established  and  also  was  a  leading  spirit  in  the 
organization  of  the  realty  company  with  which 
he  is  now  operating.  Later  he  sold  the  store, 
but  still  is  postmaster  and  does  a  real  estate 
business.  Mr.  Peterson  is  one  of  the  promin- 
ent men  of  the  county,  and  his  stirring  energy, 
good  practical  judgment  and  wisdom  in  busi- 
ness ha\e  resulted  in  great  good  to  the  com- 
munity as  well  as  in  enhancing  his  own  ex- 
chequer. 


MANFORD  G.  STONE  resides  about  two 
miles  south  from  Winthrop,  and  is  known  as 
one  of  the  leading  farmers  and  stock  men  of  the 
Methow  valley.  He  is  a  man  of  ability  and 
sound  principles,  and  enjoys  the  esteem  and 
respect  of  all  who  know  him. 

Manford  G.  Stone  w-as  born  in  Coles 
county,  Illinois,  on  October  19,  1857,  the  son 
of  Napoleon  and  Mary  A.  (Connelly)  Stone. 
The  mother  is  deceased,  but  the  father  is  living 
in  the  Methow  valley.  In  1859  our  subject 
was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Wise  county, 
Texas,  where  he  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  fol- 
lowed farming  until  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
In  that  county  he  received  his  education  from 
the  common  schools,  and  in  1882  came  to 
Pendleton.  One  year  was  spent  there,  then  he 
came  on  to  Ellensburg,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1889.  In  that  year  he  came  to  the  Okano- 
gan country,  and  after  due  search  and  explora- 
tion took  his  present  place  under  squatter's 
right.  When  it  was  surveyed  he  entered  the 
land  as  a  homestead  and  has  since  proved  up. 
He  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  all  under 
ditch,  fenced  and  handled  in  first-class  shape. 
Mr.  Stone  feeds  quite  a  number  of  cattle  each 
year,  and  also  raises  hay  for  the  market.  He 
has  a  four  acre  orchard,  well  selected  and  va- 
rious other  improvements  on  the  farm.  The 
whole  premises  :panifest  the  thrift  and  good 
taste  of  the  owner,  and  Mr.  Stone  is  esteemed 


as  one  of  the  leading  and  prosperous  men  of 
the  \-alley. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  M.  W> 
A.,  while  in  religious  persuasion  ]\Ir.  Stone: 
belongs  to  the  Christian  church. 

In  Wise  county,  Texas,  in  1878,  Mr.  Stone 
married  Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Isa- 
bella (Humphreys)  Nickell,  and  to  this  union 
seven  children  have  been  born,  as  follows : 
Bertie,  married  to  P.  L.  Filer,  living  on  Beaver 
Creek;  Barton;  Isabella;  ]\Iinnie;  Eva;  Fi'ank 
and  Laura. 


HENRY  A.  WILLIA.MS  has  resided  on 
his  present  place,  which  lies  about  seven  miles 
east  from  Twisp,  since  the  spring  of  1893. 
He  has  one  quarter  section  of  land,  which  is 
utlized  for  grazing  and  the  production  of  al- 
falfa. The  farm  is  all  fenced  and  improved 
with  house,  barns,  orchard,  and  so  forth.  In 
addition  to  general  farming  Mr.  Williams 
handles  cattle  and  raises  about  fifty  each  year. 
He  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  industrious 
men  of  the  valley  and  has  labored  with  dis- 
play of  wisdom  and  energy. 

Henry  A.  Williams  was  born  in  Peoria 
county,  Illinois,  on  April  9,  1868,  the  son  of 
George  and  Mary  (Wakefield)  Williams,  na- 
tives of  Tennessee  and  Illinois,  respectively.  In 
1869  the  family  removed  to  Jasper  county, 
^Missouri,  where  our  subject  was  educated  and 
remained  until  he  was  nineteen.  At  that  age 
he  left  home  and  migrated  to  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  worked  at  his  trade  of  butch- 
ering for  five  years.  He  had  acquired  skill  in 
this  business  in  Missouri.  Then  came  a  year 
in  Sandpoint,  Idaho,  at  the  same  business,  and 
in  1892  Mr.  Williams  came  to  the  Methow 
valley.  The  following  spring  he  located  his 
present  place,  as  stated  aljove,  and  since  then 
he  has  given  himself  to  its  improvement  and 
the  related  industries  of  stock  raising  and 
farming.  Mr.  Williams  has  some  well  bred 
stock  and  among  them  is  one  registered  Dur- 
ham bull.  Bringing  in  good  stock  to  the  valley 
has  done  much  to  impro^■e  the  grade  of  animals 
all  through  the  section  and  Mr.  Williams  is 
to  be  accredited  much  for  this  meritorious 
work. 

At  Sandpoint,  Idaho,  on  August  20,  1892, 
Mr.  Williams  married  ]\Iiss  Annie  Court- 
way,  whose'  parents  are  fruit  raisers  in  Chelan 


642 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  are  among  the 
highly  respected  people  and  are  good,  sub- 
stantial citizens. 


WILLIAM  F.  PROEBSTEL  resides  four 
miles  from  Alma,  in  Okanogan  county,  wher. 
he  has  a  quarter  section  of  fertile  land  which 
is  supplied  with  a  good  residence,  large  barn, 
five  acres  of  orchard,  and  various  other  in> 
provements.  He  has  water  for  irrigation  and 
raises  a  good  deal  of  alfalfa  and  other  hay  be- 
sides handling  some  stock. 

^Villiam  F.  Proebstel  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber 29,  1855,  in  Clarke  county,  Washington, 
the  son  of  Valentine  and  Malinda  (Matury) 
Proebstel,  natives  of  \'irginia.  The  father  was 
born  in  181 5  and  served  for  four  years  in  the 
regular  army  of  Germany.  It  was  1840  that 
he  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in 
Clay  county,  Missouri,  being  there  tnarried. 
In  those  early  days  he  crossed  the  plains  with 
ox  teams,  taking  his  family  with  him  and  they 
all  landed  in  good  time  in  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  took  land  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  1882.  The  following  children  were 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Proebstel :  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth Christ,  deceased ;  John  W. :  Wendell ;  Al- 
bert; Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fletcher;  William  F.,  and 
Mrs.  Kate  Welsh. 

Mr.  Proebstel  was  a  staunch  pioneer  and 
fought  in  the  Indian  war  of  1855.  In  1876 
our  subject  went  to  Lake  county,  California, 
and  in  1882  he  came  thence  to  Lincoln  county, 
Washington,  with  two  of  his  brothers.  They 
all  located  near  Wilbur,  being  the  first  people 
in  what  is  now  known  as  the  California  settle- 
ment. Mr.  Proebstel  remained  there  until 
1892  when  he  came  to  his  present  home  place 
which  was  taken  as  a  homestead.  Here  he 
has  devoted  himself  with  industry  since  and 
the  result  is  that  he  is  now  one  of  the  prosper- 
ous men  of  the  country.  He  has  never  thought 
fit  to  turn  from  the  quieter  joys  of  the  celiba- 
tarian and  so  is  classed  as  one  of  the  bachelors 
of  the  county.  Mr.  Proebstel's  mother,  now 
aged  ninety-one,  is  living  with  him  and  his 
brother,  John  W.,  is  also  making  his  home  with 
him. 

John  W.  Proebstel  was  born  on  October  2. 
1843,  in  Clay  county,  Missouri,  and  when  his 


parents  crossed  the  plains  he  rode  horseback 
and  drove  cattle  from  the  Missouri  river  to 
\^ancouver.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  started 
out  in  life  for  himself,  and  in  1863  we  find  him 
in  the  Boise  mines,  whence  he  went  later  to 
Baker  City  and  other  eastern  Oregon  points.  He 
again  went  to  Idaho  and  has  visited  nearly  every 
mining  camp  in  the  northern  part  of  that  state. 
In  1877  he  was  engaged  as  government  team- 
ster in  the  Indian  war  and  was  with  General 
Howard.  After  this  he  located  in  Umatilla 
county,  then  went  to  Vancouver,  and  in  1887 
came  to  ConconuUy  and  opened  a  general  mer- 
chandise store.  After  this  he  went  to  British 
Columbia,  then  to  Colville,  and  later  resided 
in  Kettle  Falls,  whence  in  1892  he  came  to  re- 
side with  his  brother.  On  September  24,  1885, 
John  W.  Proebstel  married  Miss  Ella  Hyson, 
a  native  of  King  county,  Washington,  and  to 
them  two  children  have  been  born,  Elizabeth 
and  Emory  J. 


EARL  F.  JOHNSON  is  the  genial  and 
capable  manager  of  the  Methow  Trading  Com- 
pany at  Twisp.  The  concern  is  one  of  the 
large  mercantile  establishments  of  Okanogan 
county  and  the  success  that  it  has  made  is  evi- 
dence of  the  ability  of  Mr.  Johnson  ,  who  is  at 
its  head  at  the  present  time.  They  carry  a 
large  and  well  assorted  stock  of  general  mer- 
chandise, suitable  for  the  trade  in  this  section, 
and  goods  from  there  find  their  way  to  all  parts 
of  the  country.  Mr.  Johnson  stands  excep- 
tionally well  in  the  community  and  is  known 
as  a  man  of  uprightness  and  ability.  He  is 
generally  conservative  but  is  possessed  of  that 
energy  and  spirit  which  leaves  nothing  undone 
which  would  bring  success  in  his  line  of  en- 
deavor. 

Earl  F.  Johnson  was  born  in  Cass  county, 
^Michigan,  on  April  29,  1861,  the  son  of  Wel- 
come and  Susan  (Hatch)  Johnson.  For  sev- 
enteen years  he  remained  \\ith  his  parents,  toil- 
ing on  the  farm  and  attending  the  public 
schools,  in  which  he  was  a  bright  student.  At 
the  age  last  mentioned  he  went  to  Crawford 
county,  Kansas,  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  six 
years.  After  this  he  went  to  California  and 
engaged  in  a  planing  mill,  which  he  operated 
for  five  years.  It  was  in  1889  that  Mr.  John- 
son first  came  to  Washington,  settlement  being 
made  at  Pasco.     For  two  vears  he  remained 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


643 


there  in  the  employ  of  the  Northern  Pacific, 
then  in  189 1  he  came  to  Okanogan  county  and 
for  five  years  was  in  charge  of  the  pioneer  store 
at  Winthrop.  After  that,  in  about  1896,  he 
took  charge  of  the  Methow  Trading  Company's 
store  at  Twisp  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
closely  engaged  with  this  large  establishment. 

Fraternallv  Mr.  Johnson  is  connected  with 
the  F.  O.  E.  and  the  K.  P. 

At  Spokane,  in  1890,  Mr.  Johnson  married 
Miss  Effie  Sloan,  and  to  them  one  child  was 
born.  Vera.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  are  well 
and  favorably  known  and  have  hosts  of  friends 
from  every  quarter. 


At  Davenport,  Washington,  in  1887  Mr. 
Wittc  married  Miss  Elsie  Williams,  a  native 
of  Utah.  To  them  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing named  children.  Hazel,  Frank,  Anna,  Myr- 
tle and  Harold.  Mr.  Witte  always  takes  the 
interest  in  political  matters  and  general  affairs 
that  becomes  the  progressive  citizen,  and  he  is 
ever  found  on  the  side  of  improvement  and  ad- 
vancement. 


GEORGE  W.  WTTTE  resides  one  mile 
north  from  Twisp,  and  owns  there  a  fine  farm 
which  is  devoted  to  fruit  raising  and  the  pro- 
duction of  hay  for  a  large  band  of  cattle  which 
he  raises.  In  addition  to  these  industries  Mr. 
Witte  is  conducting  a  butcher  shop  in  Twisp 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  business  men  of 
the  place  who  have  made  the  town  thriving  and 
one  of  the  progressive  towns  of  the  county. 

George  ^^^  \\'itte  was  born  in  Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin,  on  January  5,  i860,  the  son  of 
George  W.  and  Henrietta  (Wolfe)  \\'itte.  who 
dwell  in  Wisconsin  at  the  present  time.  When 
our  subject  was  fourteen  he  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Michigan  and  there  made  his  home  for 
ten  years.  Then  they  returned  to  Milwaukee 
and  George  came  to  Washington,  settleme.it 
being  made  in  Lincoln  county.  For  fifteen 
years  he  raised  wheat  there  and  also  raised  and 
handled  stock.  Then  he  came  to  the  Methow 
valley,  locating  on  his  present  place.  He 
bought  the  farm  and  has  since  put  on  much  im- 
provement. It  is  all  good  land,  well  fenced, 
and  produces  abundantly  of  the  usual  crops, 
Mr.  Witte  also  raises  horses  in  addition  to 
other  stock  and  is  skillful  in  this  business.  The 
attention  demanded  by  his  large  orchard,  his 
stock  business  his  general  farming  and  hay 
raising,  together  with  that  given  to  his  busi- 
ness in  Twisp  keeps  Mr.  Witte  very  busy,  and 
he  is  known  as  one  of  the  busiest  men  in  the 
valley.  In  all  lines  his  excellent  ability  has  man- 
aged matters  to  a  successful  consummation  and 
his  untiring  care  of  details  in  every  department 
insures  the  prosperity  and  success  that  is  now 
attending  his  eft'orts. 


GEORGE  W.  VANDERPOOL  resides 
six  miles  north  from  Winthrop  and  is  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  born 
in  Benton  county,  Oregon,  on  October  8,  1861, 
the  son  of  Campbell  and  Louisa  J.  (Patterson) 
V'anderpool.  The  father  is  retired  in  Oregon, 
but  the  mother  is  deceased.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
place  and  reared  on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of 
twent}'  he  went  to  Latah  county,  locating  four 
miles  northwest  from  Moscow,  where  he 
proved  up  on  a  preemption.  This  was  his 
home  until  1895  when  he  came  to  Okanogan 
county  and  took  a  homestead  five  miles  north 
from  Winthrop.  He  owns  this  place  at  the 
present  time,  but  is  now  living  on  the  farm  of 
Emil  Ventzke,  as  a  tenant. 

Mr.  Vanderpool  devotes  his  energy  largely 
to  stock  raising,  and  also  does  general  farming, 
He  has  about  fifty  head  of  fine  cattle  and  is  one 
of  the  progressive  and  substantial  men  of  the 
community.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
and  stands  well  in  the  county. 

On  July  4,  1884,  Mr.  Vanderpool  married 
Miss  Martha,  daughter  of  Francis  and  Sarah 
(Beasley)  Rowland.  The  father  is  deceased, 
but  Mrs.  Rowland  is  still  living.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Vanderpool  seven  children  have  been 
born,  named  as  follows :  Marion  Rowland, 
Louisa  G.,  Grover  Cleveland,  George  W.,  Jes- 
sie, W^illiam  C.  and  Frederick. 


WILLIAM  HAMILTON  is  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  Chesaw,  and  has  manifested 
good  business  ability  in  his  endeavors  here.  He 
is  now  half  owner  of  the  Chesaw  Trading 
Company,  which  is  one  of  the  leading  mercan- 
tile establishments  of  the  northern  part  of 
Okanogan  county.  John  E.  Malter  is  asso- 
ciated  with   our   subject   in  this  busi-icv-s  and 


644 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


they  handle  a  goud  trade.  The  store  is  in  a 
two-story  stone  structure  twenty-six  hy  seventy 
feet,  with  an  addition,  and  is  well  stocked 
with  a  choice  variety  of  goods  adapted  to  this 
region.  They  carry  dry  goods,  boots  and 
shoes,  men"s  furnishnigs,  drugs,  groceries  and 
hardware. 

William  Hamilton  was  born  in  Syracuse, 
New  York,  on  August  5,  1857,  the  son  of 
George  H.  and  ]\Iartha  (Copeland)  Hamilton, 
who  came  to  Minnesota,  Olmstead  county, 
when  this  son  was  a  child.  The  father  served 
in  the  Civil  War.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a 
farm  and  received  his  education  in  Minnesota, 
and  when  twenty-one  went  to  Lincoln  county 
in  the  same  state  and  there  took  a  homestead, 
which  was  his  home  until  1885,  when  he  came 
to  Washington.  He  located  first  in  Spokane, 
thence  he  journeyed  on  to  Hunters,  in  Stevens 
county,  and  located  there.  He  was  postmaster 
and  d'id  a  general  business.  Few  settlers  were 
in  that  section  in  those  early  days  and  he  knew 
the  life  of  the  pioneer.  Mr.  Hamilton  oper- 
ated a  ranch  there  and  also  bought  and  sold 
cattle.  It  was  1898  that  Mr.  Hamilton  came 
to  Meyers  creek  and  first  operated  a  store  at 
Bolster,  which  was  the  first  mercantile  estab- 
lishment in  that  town.  In  1900  he  came  to 
Chesaw  and  bought  the  interest  mentioned 
above,  and  since  that  time  has  been  devoting 
his  time  and  energies  to  the  building  up  of  the 
business.  In  addition  to  the  property  men- 
tioned, Mr.  Hamilton  has  other  town  property 
in  Chesaw,  and  is  also  interested  in  mining 
propositions  in  this  vicinity. 

Fraternallv  Mr.  Hamilton  is  connected 
with  the  Eagles,  the  M.  W.  A.,  the  Miners' 
Union  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

In  1897  Mr.  Hamilton  married  Mrs.  Sarah 
Eastman,  and  to  them  three  children  have  been 
born,  William  B.,  Robert  V.,  and  Mabel. 


HENRY  THOMPSON.  The  most  suc- 
cessful and  skillful  mining  men  who  operate 
and  who  have  operated  in  the  United  States  are 
always  men  who  have  supplemented  the  infor- 
mation gained  from  books  by  thorough,  close 
and  actual  contact  with  minerals  and  mineral 
deposits,  and  are  acquainted  with  the  processes 
of  mining  from  the  prospector's  trips  until  the 
metals  are  prepared   for  commercial  distribu- 


tion. Such  a  man  is  Henry  Thompson,  and  it 
is  with  pleasure  that  we  grant  space  for  a  re- 
view of  the  salient  points  of  his  career. 

Henry  Thompson  was  born  on  August  17, 
1867,  in  Douglas  county,  Minnesota,  the  son 
of  Thomas  and  Caroline  Thompson,  natives  of 
Norway.  They  came  from  that  country  to  the 
United  States  in  1864,  settling  in  Douglas 
county.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren, our  subject,  Charles  and  Mrs.  Carrie 
Rood.  Henry  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm.  He 
early  developed  a  love  for  mining  and  minerals 
and  devoted  considerable  attention  to  reading 
such  periodicals  and  books  as  he  could  secure 
on  the  subject.  In  1885  he  came  to  Seattle, 
Washington,  and  wrought  at  the  trade  of  mill- 
wright until  1S89,  wdien  he  crossed  the  Cas- 
cades to  the  Swauk  district,  where  he  mined. 
In  the  fall  of  1892  Mr.  Thompson  married 
]\Iiss  Laura  Harrison,  and  to  them  was  bom 
one  child.  Lauren,  on  September  11,  1893.  and 
two  days  thereafter  Mrs.  Thompson  died.  The 
next  }-ear  ]\Ir.  Thompson  came  to  Loomis  and 
did  mining  until  the  reservation  opened  in  the 
fall  of  1896,  when  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Chesaw.  He  was  one  of  the  first  men  who 
came  to  this  locality  and  at  once  began  to  pros- 
pect and  make  locations.  He  made  several  fine 
locations,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
Bi-Metallic  group,  which  he  still  owns.  He  has 
done  about  eight  thousand  dollars  worth  of  de- 
velopment work  on  this  property,  which  is  dis- 
tinctly a  gold  and  copper  proposition  and  has  a 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  foot  ledge.  He  is 
also  interested  in  several  other  propositions  and 
is  superintendent  of  the  Interstate  Mining 
Company  properties.  From  the  beginning  Mr. 
Thompson  was  occupied  with  practical  work 
in  the  mines  and  made  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion from  books  and  from  every  source  where 
he  could  obtain  knowledge  upon  the  subject. 
The  result  is  that  for  twelve  or  fifteen  years  of 
this  experience  and  study  he  has  come  to  be  a 
thorough  mining  man,  practical  in  every  re- 
spect. In  addition  to  the  duties  mentioned 
above,  he  devotes  considerable  time  to  expert- 
ing  mines  and  to  reporting  on  them.  He  has 
done  considerable  of  this  expert  work  and  has 
been  found  skillful  in  it. 

Mr.  Thompson  married  Miss  Ida  E.  Giles- 
pie,  and  one  child  has  been  born  to  them,  on 
August  6,   1901.  Henry  Thompson.  Jr.     Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


645 


Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  ]\I., 
and  also  of  the  Eagles.  He  is  known  as  one  of 
the  substantial  and  reliable  men  of  Okanogan 
county. 


JAMES  A.  JOHNSTON  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing and  wealth}'  stockmen  of  Okanogan  coun- 
ty. He  came  here  on  foot  and  was  discouraged 
with  the  country,  but  preferring  to  earn  some 
monej-  and  get  out  of  the  country  on  horseback 
rather  than  afoot,  he  engaged  to  work  for  a 
while,  and  became  so  well  satisfied  with  the 
country  and  its  resources  that  he  went  into 
business  for  himself.  His  present  property 
has  not  been  gained  by  luck  or  chance,  but  is 
the  fruit  of  wisdom  and  industry,  which  are 
happily  blended  in  Mr.  Johnston's  character. 
He  resides  three  miles  southwest  of  Oroville 
on  the  homestead  and  has  nearly  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  deeded  land,  all  of  which  is 
very  valuable.  He  has  a  large  band  of  cattle 
and'  raises  three  hundred  tons  of  hay  annually. 
Mr.  Johnston  settled  first  in  a  little  log  cabin, 
but  now  has  one  of  the  finest  houses  in  the 
county,  a  beautiful  seven-room  structure  of 
modern  architectural  design,  finished  in  hard 
wood  and  suplied  with  all  the  modern  conve- 
niences. The  other  improvements  are  in  keep- 
ing with  his  elegant  residence,  and  he  has  a 
valuable  and  beautiful  country  home. 

James  A.  Johnston  was  born  near  Aladoc, 
Hastings  county,  Canada,  on  August  29,  i860, 
the  son  of  James  and  Charlotte  (Best)  John- 
ston. The  father  was  born  in  Ireland,  came 
to  New  York  and  later  to  Canada,  in  all  of 
which  places  he  followed  his  trade  of  cabinet 
making.  Six  children  were  born  to  them,  Ed- 
ward, Mrs.  Esther  B.  \\'ard.  James  A..  Mrs. 
Mary  J.  Brooks,  Mrs.  Sarah  McKay  and  An- 
drew. Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  reached  his  majority,  receiving  a  good 
education.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  went 
to  Black  River,  Michigan,  where  he  took 
charge  of  the  Alger  lumber  mills  for  three  }-ears. 
Then  he  clerked  in  a  store  at  Renover,  Penn- 
sylvania, after  which  he  went  to  Gloucester, 
Massachusetts,  embarking"  in  mackerel  fishing. 
He  fished  along  the  coast,  and  then  went  to 
Michigan.  He  soon  left  there  and  came  to 
Victoria  where  he  engaged  in  logging  on  the 
Eraser  river.  In  company  with  Mr.  Thomas 
Allen  he  walked  about  two  hundred  miles  to 


Oroville  to  ^■isit  his  uncle,  and  as  stated  above 
reached  the  place  with  no  means.  This  was  in 
December,  1885,  when  mail  had  to  be  brought 
from  Colville.  Since  then  he  has  been  known 
as  one  of  the  industrious  and  capable  raisers 
of  stock  in  the  county.  Part  of  the  estate  of 
Mr.  Johnston  borders  on  Blue  Lake,  and  is 
known  as  the  Blue  Lake  stock  ranch.  On  June 
5.  1900.  Mr.  Johnston  married  Miss  Jennie  Ban- 
der with  whom  he  attended  school  in  his  earh' 
days.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Detroit,  Mich- 
igan. Her  parents,  Philip  H.  and  Elizabeth 
(Cooper)  Bauder,  were  natives  of  Canada,  and 
had  four  children,  John,  Mrs.  Johnston,  Mrs. 
Hattie  Young,  and  Mrs.  Ida  M.  Gray.  Mrs. 
Johnston  came  from  Ontario,  Canada,  to  visit 
a  lady  friend  and  there  was  engaged  in  dress- 
making until  her  marriage.  On  February  18. 
1902,  Arthur  W.  was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Johnston.  Mr.  Johnston  is  deserving  of  much 
credit  for  the  faithfulness  and  ability  of  his 
labors  in  this  county.  Not  only  has  he  ac- 
quired a  competence  for  himself,  but  he  has 
also  stimulated  others  in  the  good  work  of  im- 
proving the  country.  He  and  his  wife  are 
highly  respected  and  esteemed  by  all. 


MEINRAD  LAUBER  is  one  of  the  capi- 
talists of  Okanogan  county  who  believes  in  liv- 
ing where  he  made  his  money  and  investing  it 
in  home  enterprises,  and  this  is  the  one  true 
policy  that  develops  the  rich  and  resourceful 
west.  Mr.  Lauber  is  rightly  numbered  among 
the  leading  pioneers  of  Okanogan  county,  both 
because  he  is  among  the  very  first  who  came 
Jiere  and  remained,  coming  to  Okanogan  coun- 
ty in  1886,  and  because  he  is  laboring  with 
faithfulness  and  has  been  crowned  with  grati- 
fying success.  An  account  of  his  life  could  but 
prove  interesting  to  the  readers  of  this  volume 
and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  append  the  same. 

Meinrad  Lauber  was  born  in  Baden.  Ger- 
many, on  January  23,  1855,  the  son  of  Marten 
and  Ruofr  (Durr)  Lauber,  natives  of  the  same 
place.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  before  he  had  reached  his 
majority  had  become  master  of  the  blacksmith 
trade.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  entered  the 
regular  army  and  served  for  three  years.  After 
this  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  1882,  then 
traveled  in  different  European   countries.     In 


646 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  year  last  nieiuioned  lie  bade  farewell  to  his 
loved  ones  and  the  old  home  scenes  and  came 
to  Antwerp,  where  he  took  steamer  for  New- 
York.  The  voyage  was  stormy  and  occupied 
seventeen  days.  He  came  on  to  Cincinnati, 
expecting  to  meet  his  brother  Leopold,  but  was 
disappointed.  So  he  found  himself  in  a 
strange  city  with  neither  money  nor  friends, 
and  unable  to  speak  a  word  of  English.  But 
young  Lauber  was  not  to  be  daunted,  and  he 
soon  made  it  known  that  he  was  a  master  me- 
chanic, which  gave  him  a  position  in  the  foun- 
dry. He  labored  there  one  year,  then  went  to 
San  Francisco,  California.  Soon  he  took 
steamer  to  Victoria,  and  there  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Canadian  Pacific.  He  followed  his 
trade  there  and  also  in  other  places,  after 
which  he  did  placer  mining  on  the  head  waters 
of  the  Similkameen,  being  favored  with  success. 
In  1886  he  came  to  the  region  now  occupied 
by  Okanogan  county  and  bought  the  right  of 
a  squatter  to  his  present  place.  It  w-as  excel- 
lent land,  and  he  has  added  to  it  until  he  now' 
has  over  two  hundred  acres,  and  raises  nearly 
two  hundred  tons  of  timothy  and  red  top.  He 
was  the  first  one  to  file  in  the  Loomis  district 
when  the  land  was  surveyed.  He  believes  that 
he  settled  the  farthest  down  the  Okanogan 
river  of  any  one  at  that  time.  He  has  since 
devoted  himself  steadily  to  raising  cattle  and 
improving  his  ranch.  During  the  earlier  days 
he  mined  some  of  the  time  on  Rock  creek. 
About  two  years  since  Air.  Lauber  sold  his  cat- 
tle and  retired  from  active  service,  investing 
heavily  in  the  stock  of  the  Commercial  Bank  of 
Conconully,  also  in  the  Conconully  Record,  one 
of  the  leading  newspapers  of  the  section.  He 
also  has  stock  in  the  Q.  S.  mines,  and  carries 
a  five  thousand  dollar  policy  in  the  New-  York 
Life  Insurance  Company.  Mr.  Lauber  is  an 
active  Republican  and  manifests  the  interest 
becoming  a  good  citizen  in  the  questions  of  the 
day.  He  is  an  upright,  honorable  man,  and  de- 
serves great  credit  for  the  way  in  which  he  has 
laliored  to  develo])  and  enhance  the  interests  of 
the  country. 


JAMES  AI.  McKLXXEY  is  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  Okanogan  county,  he  and  his  wife 
and  family  having  settled  where  they  now  re- 
side, five  miles  northwest  of  Tonasket,  about 
iSc;o.     Since  then  he  has  given  his  entire  atten- 


tion to  stock  raising  and  farming.  He  has  a 
good  ranch,  supplied  with  irrigation  water, 
which  produces  bounteous  crops  of  timothy, 
alfalfa  and  red  top,  besides  other  produce. 

James  M.  McKinney  was  born  on  August 
6.  1834,  about  a  mile  from  the  Tippecanoe  bat- 
tle grounds.  His  parents  were  William  and 
Ann  (Walter)  McKinney,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  family  re- 
moved to  Henry  county,  Iowa,  when  our  sub- 
ject was  a  child,  and  in  1844  they  started 
across  the  plains,  but  stopped  in  ^Missouri  until 
the  following  spring,  when  they  joined  a  large 
ox  train  and  made  a  trip  to  Washington  coun- 
ty, Oregon.  They  had  no  trouble  except  that 
their  stock  was  stampeded  by  the  Indians. 
They  were  among  the  first  permanent  settlers 
in  that  vicinity,  and  took  a  donation  claim. 
For  many  years  the  parents  labored  there,  and 
the  father  died  about  fifteen  years  since,  aged 
eighty-five.  The  mother  lived  for  a  decade 
afterwards  and  was  ninety-two  when  she 
passed  away.  They  were  the  parents  of  six 
children:  Charles  died  in  June,  1902;  Mrs. 
Isabel  Hinshaw;  Mrs.  Rachel  Cornelius; 
James  M.,  our  subject;  \Villiam  and  Jasper  N. 

Our  subject  was  born  and  grew  up  on  the 
frontier,  consequently  had  very  little  opportu- 
nity to  gain  an  education,  but  he  has  stored  his 
mind  by  general  reading,  so  is  a  well-informed 
man.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
twenty-six  years  of  age,  and  during  that  time 
fought  in  the  Rogue  River  war.  in  Captain 
Sheftield's  company.  In  1860  Mr.  ]iIcKinney 
went  to  Walla  Walla  and  engaged  in  stock 
raising  until  1874,  when  he  went  to  \\'allowa 
valley  and  continued  in  the  same  business. 
During  the  Bannock  war  of  1878  he  did  con- 
siderable riding  express  to  Walla  Walla.  In 
1880  Mr.  AIcKinney  located  in  Whitman  coun- 
ty, about  fifteen  miles  "from  Sprague,  and  ten 
years  later  came  to  his  present  place,  which  has 
been  his  home  since.  He  is  numbered  among 
the  prosperous  and  successful  stock  raisers  and 
farmers  of  the  county  and  is  a  progressive  and 
broad-minded  citizen. 

In  Whitman  county  on  January  6,  1887. 
Mr.  McKinney  married  Mrs.  Susan  A.  Mc- 
Nall.  She  was  born  in  AIcLean  county.  Illi- 
nois, on  May  11.  1832,  and  came  to  the  coast 
in  1850,  crossing  the  plains  with  an  ox  train. 
in  company  w'ith  a  family  by  the  name  of  Ham- 
ilton, who  settled  at  the  Cascades.      Mr.  Mc- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


647 


Kinney  was  a  strong  Democrat  until  recently 
when  he  imbibed  socialistic  ideas  and  is  now  a 
thorough  student  of  these  principles. 


JOHN  M.  CUTCHIE  is  one  of  the  deserv- 
ing pioneers  whose  labors  have  been  bestowed 
in  a  wise  manner  in  the  Okanogan  country  for 
some  twenty  or  more  years  with  the  happy  re- 
sult that  he  now  possesses  considerable  prop- 
erty as  evidence  of  his  thrift  and  industry.  He 
was  born  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  on  April  i, 
1848,  the  son  of  Maxum  and  Matilda  Cutchie, 
natives  of  Montreal,  Canada,  and  Detroit, 
respectively.  The  father  came  to  Detroit  when 
a  small  boy,  being  one  of  the  first  residents  of 
that  now  great  city.  With  his  wife  he  is  now 
dwelling  in  Port  Huron,  Michigan,  aged 
eighty-six.  In  addition  to  our  subject,  two 
other  children,  George  and  Nora,  were  born 
to  this  worthy  couple,  who  both  live  in  Port 
Huron.  When  our  subject  was  eleven,  the 
family  remo\-ed  from  Detroit  to  Port 
Huron,  and  there  he  completed  his  education 
which  was  begun  in  Detroit.  In  1876  he  came 
thence  to  Reno,  Nevada,  and  then  on  to  San 
Francisco.  The  following  February  he  came 
by  steamer  to  Portland,  and  later  did  logging 
on  the  Columbia.  After  this  he  was  in  Lewis- 
ton,  and  in  1S78  came  to  Spokane.  He  iol- 
lo\\ed  packing  along  the  line  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  and  after  a  time  in  Seattle  went  to  the 
Fraser  river  region.  He  mined  there,  and  also 
on  the  Thompson  river  near  Kam  Loops.  It 
was  in  1885  that  he  came  to  the  Okanogan 
country,  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  improvement  and  development 
of  the  resources  of  the  country.  In  1892  3.1r. 
Cutchie  settled  where  we  find  him  at  the  present 
time,  about  thirteen  miles  north  from  Loomis, 
on  the  Similkameen;  It  is  an  estate  of  two 
hundred  acres  and  well  improved.  The  land 
is  on  the  bottom  and  raises  the  best  of  alfalfa, 
timothy  and  all  productions  idigenous  to  this 
latitude.  In  addition  to  general  farming,  Mr. 
Cutchie  also  raises  and  handles  stock. 

On  July  23,  1890,  Mr.  Cutchie  maried  Miss 
Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Bridget 
(Dailey)  Teuton,  natives  respectively  of  En- 
gland and  Ireland.  Both  parents  died  when 
Mrs.  Cutchie  was  small,  and  in  1888  she  came 
to    the    Okanogan    country    to    visit    an    only 


brother,  Joseph  L.  Being  well  pleased  with 
the  country  she  remained,  and  later  was  mar- 
ried. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cutchie  one  child, 
Claude  Lenton  Cutchie,  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber II,  1892. 

In  early  days  Mr.  Cutchie  had  to  freight 
his  supplies  from  Sprague,  and  it  was  hard 
work,  as  all  the  old  pioneers  found  it,  to  haul 
loads  without  roads,  and  ferry  them  across  the 
Columbia  in  canoes,  swimming  the  horses.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Cutchie  are  highly  respected  citizens 
and  have  many  friends  in  the  surrounding 
country. 


JOSEPH  LENTON,  one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  Okanogan  county,  now  resides  three 
miles  northwest  from  -Nighthawk,  where  he 
has  an  excellent  stock  ranch  of  three  hundred 
and  thirty  acres.  The  place  is  well  supplied 
with  water,  is  improved  with  good  fences, 
buildings,  orchards  and  so  forth,  and  is  one  of 
the  valuable  farms  of  the  county.  Mr.  Lenton 
is  thrifty,  industrious  and  energetic  and  has 
displayed  excellent  wisdom  in  all  his  enter- 
prises. 

Joseph  Lenton  was  born  in  Lynn,  St.  Clair 
county,  Michigan,  on  September  30,  1850,  the 
son  of  Daniel  and  Bridget  (Dailey)  Lenton, 
natives  of  England  and  Ireland,  respectively. 
He  was  left  an  orphan  at  a  very  early  age  and 
consequently  had  to  meet  the  adversities  of 
life  when  a  very  young  boy.  He  worked  his 
way  along  gaining  a  good  education  and  grew 
to  manhood  in  his  native  place.  In  the  spring 
of  1877  Mr.  Lenton  went  to  California  and 
after  working  a  while  in  a  dairy  in  Sierra 
county,  he  went  to  the  mines  and  in  Nevada 
county,  continuing  there  for  three  years.  He 
held  the  position  of  foreman  some  time  and 
later  returned  to  Michigan,  renewing  old  ac- 
quaintances in  his  native  place.  He  again  went 
to  California,  and  then  to  Yakima  in  1880. 
Later  we  find  him  in  Spokane  on  construction 
work  and  in  charge  of  Mr.  Small's  lumber 
yard  at  Ellisport.  Later  he  was  in  the  employ 
of  A.  M.  Cannon,  and  in  June,  1883,  came  to 
Okanogan.  The  following  spring  he  located 
his  present  place,  there  being  but  few  settlers 
in  the  county  at  that  time.  The  north  boun- 
dary line  of  the  United  States  is  his  north  line. 
Since  then  Mr.  Lenton  has  devoted  himself  to 
handling  cattle  and  doing  general  farming. 


648 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


On  June  17,  1890,  Mr.  Lenton  married 
Miss  May,  daughter  of  Levi  and  Eliza  J. 
(Bradley)  Ernes.  She  was  a  native  of  Port 
Dover,  Canada,  and  her  parents  both  died  in 
that  country.  To  them  have  been  born  three 
children,  Hazel  S.  M.,  J.  Austin  and  Ella  L. 

]Mr.  Lenton  is  active  in  political  matters 
and  has  been  road  supervisor  and  is  now  jus- 
tice of  the  peace.  He  always  takes  an  interest 
in  educational  progress  and  has  labored  faith- 
fully for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country  since 
his  residence  here.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  and  had  to  pack  all  his  supplies  from 
Walla  \\'alla  and  Sprague,  while  the  mail  was 
gotten  at  Fort  Colville. 


HARRY  A.  HARRIS.  Among  the  ear- 
liest pioneers  to  Okanogan  county  and  the  most 
industrious  and  substantial  ones,  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  gentleman  whose  name 
initiates  this  paragraph.  At  the  present  time 
he  is  operating  a  first-class  blacksmith  shop  in 
ConconuUy  and  is  the  recipient  of  a  fine  patron- 
age. He  is  a  skillful  and  rapid  workman  and 
has  won  his  present  success  by  virtue  of  real 
merit.  He  has  a  well  located  and  beautiful 
home  and  other  property. 

Harry  A.  Harris  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, on  June  13,  1839,  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Eliza  (Boutwell)  Harris.  The  father  was 
born  in  England  and  came  to  the  United  States 
wdien  young:  the  mother  came  of  English  an- 
cestrage,  but  was  born  in  Vermont.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools  while  growing  up  at  Barry,  Ver- 
mont. In  1855  he  went  to  Wabash  county, 
Minnesota,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers,  and 
in  1863  went  to  Vermont  and  worked  at  his 
trade  in  various  towns  of  that  state,  also  in 
some  of  the  factories  and  machine  shops.  La- 
ter he  was  in  Minnesota,  then  journeyed  to 
Massachusetts,  after  which  he  came  again  to 
Minnesota,  settling  where  the  town  of  Windom 
now  stands.  He  had  wrought  at  his  trade  in 
all  the  sections  he  visited  and  opened  a  shop  as 
soon  as  he  settled  in  Windom.  While  there 
he  married  Miss  Alice  J.  Holmes,  and  one 
child  was  born  to  them.  Fate  decreed  that 
misfortune  should  be  his  lot  for  a  time  and  his 
wife  and  child  were  the  first  to  be  buried  in  the 
Windom  cemeterv.     Immediatelv  came  the  ter- 


rible grasshopper  panic  and  Mr.  Harris  lost 
everything.  He  left  Windom  for  Sun  Falls. 
Dakota,  with  no  family  and  no  property.  In 
1877  he  came  to  Seattle,  Washington,  then  to 
Almota  on  the  Snake  river,  and  in  1881  was 
found  in  Walla  Walla,  whence  in  1887  he  came 
to  ConconuUy.  In  all  these  places  he  was  in- 
dustriousl)-  engaged  at  his  trade.  He  opened 
the  first  shop  in  ConconuUy  and  did  about  all 
the  business  between  Chelan  and  British  Col- 
umbia. During  the  big  fire  he  lost  his  shop 
and  everything  else,  and  again  at  the  time  of 
the  flood  everything  was  swept  away.  But 
Phcenix  like  he  rose  from  every  misfortune  and 
now  is  prosperous.  Mr.  Harris  was  married 
the  second  time  in  Sun  Falls,  Dakota,  and  has 
two  daughters,  Alice  D.,  and  Vada,  wife  of 
William  Chatham,  near  Cnnconullv. 


WILLIAM  H.  McDANIEL.  who  resides 
about  one  mile  north  from  Loomis,  is  one  of 
the  leading  stockmen  of  Okanogan  county, 
having  labored  in  that  industry  here  for  nearly 
twenty  years,  while  also  following  other  occu- 
pations. He  is  a  man  of  stability  and  is  known 
as  one  of  the  upright  and  sagacious  citizens 
whose  labors  ha\-e  wrought  much  towards 
opening  and  improving  the  country. 

William  H.  McDaniel  was  born  in  Sher- 
brook.  Nova  Scotia,  on  November  8,  1856,  the 
son  of  John  and  Mary  (Bent)  McDaniel,  na- 
tives of  Nova  Scotia.  The  father  was  a  sea 
captain  and  followed  a  seafaring  life  all  his 
days.  \\'illiam  H.  was  the  fifth  of  a  family 
of  nine  children,  and  remained  in  his  native 
place  until  the  spring  of  1871.  During  these 
years  he  studied  in  the  public  schools  and 
wrought  at  various  occupations.  In  the  spring 
of  the  year  last  mentioned,  he  came  to  Wiscon- 
sin and  went  thence  to  the  Red  Ri\er  of  the 
North,  but  later  returned  to  Wisconsin.  In 
1875  l''^  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  by 
steamboat  to  Portland.  Soon,  however,  he  re- 
turned to  the  Golden  Gate  and  for  four  years 
drove  horse  street  cars  in  the  metropolis  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  It  was  about  1880  that  Mr.  Mc- 
Daniel went  to  Arizona.  New  ^lexico.  Old 
Mexico  and  the  adjacent  regions  doing  pros- 
pecting and  mining.  The  Indians  were  hostile 
and  he  endured  all  the  hardships  that  the  hardy 
pioneer  prospector  is  subject  to.    He  was  in  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


649 


leading  camps  of  the  regions  mentioned,  then 
came  to  Victoria,  on  his  way  to  Alaska.  Aban- 
doning the  trip  at  that  point,  he  came  to  the  ci  >al 
fields  near  Seattle,  and  the  following  year  went 
to  tiie  north  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river, 
via  Rathdrum  and  the  Evolution  trail.  In 
May  he  turned  from  there  to  the  Okanogan 
country  and  packed  his  goods  on  a  cayuse. 
He  soon  was  in  charge  of  the  stock  of  Henry 
Wellington,  in  which  capacity  he  continued  for 
some  years.  During  the  nine  years  in  which 
he  cared  for  these  cattle  he  wa^  also  freighting 
from  Sprague  to  Spokane,  and  as  there  were 
no  roads  and  no  ferrys  it  was  a  long  and  tedi- 
ous work.  The  Indian  canoes  were  brought 
into  requisition  to  carry  their  goods  across  the 
Columbia.  In  1884  Mr.  McDaniel  located  his 
present  ranch  and  from  the  first  began  to  gain 
stock  for  himself.  Now  he  has  several  hun- 
dred acres  of  good  land  and  does  a  general 
farming  business  besides  raising  stock  and  also 
handling  a  dairy  which  supplies  Loomis.  Mr. 
McDaniel  also  sells  many  beef  cattle  each  year. 
On  January  30,  1896,  Mr.  McDaniel  mar- 
ried Miss  Harriet  R.,  daughter  of  C.  H.  and 
Emily  J.  Baldwin,  who  live  on  a  ranch  adjoin- 
ing ]\Ir.  McDaniel's.  Mrs.  McDaniel  was  born 
in  Randolph  county,  Indiana.  Mr.  McDaniel 
is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W. 


PETER  REILLY  is  a  pioneer  of  Okano- 
gan county  and  resides  about  three  miles  north 
from  Malott  postoffice,  on  the  Okanogan  river. 
He  was  born  in  county  Cavan,  Ireland,  on  June 
22,  1850,  where  he  remained  for  the  first 
twenty-two  years  of  his  life.  He  received 
there  his  educational  training,  and  in  1872 
came  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  at  New 
York,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  tobacco 
business  for  three  years.  In  1876  he  came  to 
California  and  took  up  placer  mining  on  Sut- 
ter creek,  and  also  operated  in  other  portions 
of  the  state.  It  was  in  1878  that  Mr.  Reilly 
landed  in  Portland,  and  later  made  his  way  to 
Fort  Vancouver,  Washington,  and  in  1879 
came  to  Yakima^  where  he  engaged  in  ranch- 
ing and  horse  raising.  He  remained  there  un- 
til 1887,  then  came  and  located  his  present 
place  in  the  Okanogan  valley.  The  country 
was  very  wild  at  that  time  and  but  few  settlers 
yere  in  the  entire  county.  All  supplies  had  to  be 


freighted  in  from  the  outside  and  mail  was  car- 
ried from  \\'aterville  and  other  points.  Mr. 
Reilly  secured  a  very  valuable  ranch  of  fertile, 
le\'el  land,  which  is  now  one  of  the  choice  ones 
of  the  county.  He  has  it  well  irrigated  and 
raises  alfalfa,  cutting  as  high  as  three  crops 
per  year  from  the  land.  He  has  improved  the 
place  steadily  since  locating  and  now  has  one 
of  the  beautiful  estates  of  the  valley.  Besides 
a  good  orchard  and  various  other  improve- 
ments, which  are  in  evidence,  we  may  mention 
a  very  large  number  of  shade  trees,  which 
beautify  and  add  value  to  the  place  very  mater- 
ially. The  surroundings  are  very  pleasant  and 
Mr.  Reilly  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  ex- 
cellent choice  he  made  and  the  skillful  manner 
in  which  he  improved  it. 

Mr.  Reilly  states  that  in  the  earlier  days  of 
the  county's  existence  the  Indians  were  at  times 
very  hostile.  On  one  occasion  they  took  him 
and  beat  him  over  the  head  until  he  became  un- 
conscious and  would  have  killed  him  had  not 
some  other  Indians  interfered.  Once  they  sur- 
rounded his  house  and  fired  several  shots  into 
it  and  then  broke  in  and  stole  a  suit  of  clothes 
and  a  watch.  Mr.  Reilly  had  anticipated  the  at- 
tack and  was  secreted  near  by.  The  following 
day  these  Indians  attacked  a  freighter,  named 
Cole,  a  man  of  family,  while  in  his  camp  and 
killed  him  and  stole  his  goods.  This  was  three 
miles  from  Mr.  Reilly's  house.  A  posse  was 
soon  raised  which  pursued  and  punished  the 
Indians.  This  was  known  as  the  "Cole  mur- 
der." Game  was  plentiful  in  those  days  and 
Mr.  Reilly  states  that  wdienever  he  needed 
fresh  meat  he  could  secure  a  deer  in  a  very 
short  time.  In  addition  to  his  farm  Mr.  Reilly 
owns  a  large  band  of  cattle  as  well  as  horses. 
He  lost  heavily  during  the  winter  of  1889-90. 
on  account  of  the  storms  and  excessive  cold. 
Mr.  Reilly  is  a  good,  substantial  man  and  still 
one  of  the  jolly  bachelors  of  the  county. 


CHARLES  R.  McKINLEY,  M.  D. 
There  is  something  in  the  human  breast  that 
always  finds  expression  in  words  of  approval 
and  commendation  when  one  is  brought  face 
to  face  with  a  person  who  has  entered  the 
struggle  of  life  young  and  has,  unaided,  made 
his  way  to  a  good  standing  in  one  of  the  lead- 
ing  professions.      Dr.    ]\IcKinley   is   certainly 


6so 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


deserving  of  much  encomium  for  the  manly 
way  in  which  he  has  met  the  obstacles  and 
hardships  that  beset  the  path  of  the  aspiring 
youth  who  would  gain  the  upper  rounds  of  the 
ladder  by  his  own  efforts.  Left  fatherless  at 
a  tender  age  he  was  industrious  in  gaining  a 
good  literary  education  from  the  high  school 
and  state  normal  at  Centerville  and  Ypsilanti, 
Michigan.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  received 
his  diploma  from  the  state  normal  and  in  Au- 
gust, 1893,  he  arrived  in  Spokane,  Washing- 
ton, with  ten  dollars  in  cash.  He  soon  secured 
the  position  of  assistant  principal  in  the 
Sprague  high  school  where  he  taught  with  ex- 
cellent success.  In  the  fall  of  1895  he  entered 
the  medical  department  of  the  Oregon  Uni- 
versity at  Portland  and  studied  for  three  years. 
Then  he  commenced  practice  at  Reardan. 
Washington,  whence  he  shortly  went  to  Edwall 
and  there  operated  a  drug  store  and  gained  a 
fine  practice.  In  1900  he  returned  to  the  medi- 
cal college  and  received  in  the  following  spring 
his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  After  an- 
other year's  practice  in  Edwall  he  repaired  to 
Brewster,  opened  a  drug  store  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine.  Unbounded  success 
has  rewarded  the  wise  efforts  of  Dr.  McKinley 
and  he  stands  at  the  head  of  a  thriving  practice 
today.  In  addition  to  his  drug  store  at  Brew- 
ster he  has  one  at  Bridgeport,  Washington. 
He  carries  a  large  and  well  assorted  stock  and 
is  doing  a  fine  business.  Dr.  McKinley  is  also 
a  registered  pharmacist  of  the  state  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Charles  R.  ^IcKinley  was  born  in  the  south 
of  Michigan  on  August  7,  1873,  the  son  of 
Archie  and  Jennie  D.  (Thoms)  McKinley, 
also  natives  of  the  same  state.  The  father 
died  when  our  subject  was  but  a  small  child, 
and  the  mother  now  resides  at  Ypsilanti,  Mich- 
igan. Dr.  McKinley  has  one  brother,  Archie 
G.,  of  New  York  state. 

The  marriage  of  Dr.  McKinley  and  Miss 
Eunice  Hinkley  was  celebrated  on  October  25, 
1900.  Mrs.  McKinley's  father,  Joseph  Hink- 
ley, is  deceased,  while  her  mother.  Eunice  (Col- 
burn)  Hinkley,  is  living  at  Edwall  with  two 
daughters,  Stella  and  Nita.  Dr.  McKinley  is 
a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  the  Red  Men. '  In 
1898  he  was  elected  coroner  of  Lincoln  county 
and  served  in  that  capacity  for  two  vears. 

A  thorough  knowledge  of  the  profession. 
manifestation  of  upright  principles  and  integ- 


rity, together  with  conscientious  attention  to 
every  detail  of  business,  has  given  Dr.  McKin- 
ley a  standing  with  the  people  and  a  lucrative 
practice,  which  he  justly  deserves.  Not  con- 
tent with  simply  having  his  degree  from  the 
medical  college,  he  has  given  good  attention  to 
close  and  careful  reading  in  every  department 
of  the  profession  which  keeps  him  abreast  with 
the  advancing  times  and  in  possesion  of  the 
rapidly  accumulating  knowledge  that  has 
placed'  the  medical  profession  at  the  head  of  the 
scientific  world  today. 


THOMAS  M.  MURRAY,  who  is  now 
numl^ered  with  the  leading  and  progressive 
citizens  of  Okanogan  county  is  a  man  of  great 
experience  in  the  ways  of  the  world,  having 
traveled  much  and  wrought  at  various  occupa- 
tions in  many  places.  He  is  at  present  living 
on  the  homestead  which  he  took  in  1887,  about 
one  mile  up  the  river  from  where  Malott  stands. 
The  farm  is  a  good  one  and  is  skillfully  hand- 
led to  general  crops  and  fruit.  Mr.  Murray 
also  raises  some  stock  and  is  known  as  one  of 
the  prosperous  men  of  the  valley.  He  has 
shown  real  wisdom  and  enterprise  in  the  fruit 
business,  having  an  orchard  of  over  three 
thousand  bearing  trees  of  every  variety  that 
does  well  in  this  latitude.  He  ships  to  various 
points  and  produces  some  of  the  finest  fruit  to 
be  seen  in  this  part  of  the  state. 

Thomas  W.  Murray  was  born  in  Ireland 
on  December  20,  1836,  the  son  of  Michael  and 
Anna  (Alaloy)  Murray,  both  natives  also  of 
that  country.  The  parents  were  descended 
from  the  true  Celtic  stock  and  were  able  to 
talk  the  mother  tongue.  They  came  to  Canada, 
settling  near  Ottawa  and  there  reared  their 
children,  who  are  named  as  follows :  John, 
Garrett,  Bridget,  Maggie,  Mary,  and  our  sub- 
ject. Thomas  M.  On  October  4.  1862.  Air. 
Murray  was  married  to  Miss  Xora  Ring,  a 
native  of  Canada.  Her  parents,  Edmund  and 
Ellen  (Roche)  Ring,  are  both  deceased.  In 
1866  Mr.  Murray  came  to  Chicago  and  then 
journeyed  to  Kansas.  Later  J:e  returned  to 
Canada  and  then  brought  his  family  on  to  Chi- 
cago. After  this  he  removed  to  Duluth,  Min- 
nesota, and  worked  on  railroad  bridge  work. 
Soon  after  we  find  him  farming  the  prairies 
of  Minnesota,  but  when  the  grasshoppers  ate 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


651 


his  crops  he  removed  to  tlie  vicinity  of  Council 
Bluffs,  Iowa,  where  he  had  his  property  washed 
out  by  a  flood.  Then  he  fitted  up  a  team  and 
came  overland  to  Denver,  Colorado.  After 
mining  some  time  there  he  did  construction 
work  on  the  South  Park  railroad,  and  after 
its  completion  received  a  free  pass  to  the  Ore- 
gon Short  Line  and  stopped  at  American  Falls. 
Later  he  came  on  to  Boise  and  in  1883  he  made 
his  way  to  Umatilla  county,  Oregon.  He  left 
Boise  in  January,  and  on  account  of  the  deep 
snow  stopped  over  in  Weiser,  where  his  young- 
est child  was  born.  He  located  a  preemption 
on  Camas  prairie,  but  later  sold  it  on  account 
of  not  liking  the  country.  He  journeyed  on 
until  he  reached  Okanogan  county  in  February, 
1887.  and  in  the  following  April  located  his 
present  place.  He  was  well  pleased  with  both 
the  country  and  the  climate  and  since  those 
early  days  Air.  Murray  has  constantly  devoted 
himself  to  the  improvement  and  culture  of  his 
estate.  The  farm  is  located  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Okanogan  and  is  a  beautiful  and  valu- 
able place.  In  addition  to  the  enterprises  al- 
ready mentioned  Mr.  Murray  raises  consider- 
able stock  and  is  a  prosperous  man. 

To  Air.  and  Airs.  Alurray  ten  children  have 
been  born,  named  as  follows :  Alichael  E.,  at 
Priest  River,  Idaho;  Clement  J.,  a  mining  ex- 
pert: Ambrose  R.,  a  miner;  Sarsefield,  a 
miner ;  Ellen  ;  Alary ;  Thomas  J. ;  Angela ; 
Teresa :  and  Alaggie. 


GEORGE  H.  XOYES  was  bom  in 
Springfield.  Alassachusetts,  on  Alarch  31,  1851. 
His  great  grandfathers  on  both  sides  were  pa- 
triots in  the  Revolution,  and  the  family  was 
always  identified  with  the  American  cause. 
Both  of  his  grandfathers  were  in  the  war  of 
1 81 2.  The  father  removed  from  Stonington. 
Connecticut  to  Springfield  in  1830,  and  was  well 
known  as  a  conductor  on  the  Western  Railroad. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  place  and  commenced  business  as 
a  newsboy.  On  account  of  the  great  demand 
for  papers  during  those  war  times  he  did  a 
large  business,  selling  as  high  as  five  hundred 
papers  a  day.  He  sold  the  Republican  at  the 
corner  of  the  Chestnut  street  crossing  with  the 
railroad  and  later  was  employed  on  the  mailing 
department    of   that   paper.      During   his    last 


year  of  high  school  he  and  A.  B.  Harris  as- 
sociated themselves  in  partnership  and  opened 
a  job  printing  office.  Later  he  worked  in  the 
Republican  job  oflice  and  learned  the  business 
thoroughly.  In  1871  Air.  Noyes  entered  part- 
nership with  C.  W.  Atwood  in  the  job  printing 
business  and  continued  for  ten  years.  Then  he 
sold  to  his  partner  and  accepted  the  position  of 
superintendent  of  the  printing  department  of 
the  Springfield  Printing  Company  and  three 
years  later  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health. 
Three  years  were  spent  in  recruiting,  and  in 
April,  1888,  in  company  with  the  late  J.  A. 
Loomis,  Air.  Noyes  migrated  to  Okanogan 
county  and  located  a  general  merchandise  store 
at  Loomis,  which  town  they  established.  The 
business  increased  from  seven  hundred  and 
seventy-seven  dollars  in  Alay,  1888,  to  over 
seventy  thousand  in  the  year  ending  Alarch, 
1892.  L'pon  their  location  here  it  cost 
twelve  and  one-half  cents  to  get  letters  from 
Spokane  to  Conconully  and  from  that  place  to 
Loomis  was  as  much  more  until  Air.  Noyes 
succeeded  in  getting  a  postoffice  established, 
with  himself  as  postmaster.  On  October  i, 
1894,  Air.  Noyes  sold  his  interest  to  Air. 
Loomis  and  since  then  he  has  been  acting  as 
justice  of  the  peace  and  notary  public,  and  also 
was  recently  appointed  United  States  land 
commissioner.  He  has  always  been  identified 
with  political  matters  here  and  has  been  five 
times  chosen  chairman  of  the  Republican  coun- 
ty convention.  Roads  were  built  here  by  sub- 
scription, and  Air.  Noyes  has  always  been  a 
liberal  donator  to  this  good  purpose  as  well  as 
laboring  for  good  educational  facilities.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  AI.,  and  in  1880 
became  a  K.  T. 

Mr.  Noyes  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
and  has  always  maintained  a  high  standing 
among  the  people.  He  has  many  friends  and 
is  a  good  substantial  citizen. 


HIRAAI  A.  WILDER,  who  resides  eleven 
miles  north  from  Conconully  at  the  Northland 
gold  and  copper  mines,  is  deputy  sheriff  of 
Okanogan  county.  He  was  born  on  December 
9,  1867,  in  Rice  county,  Alinnesota,  the  son  of 
Hiram  K.  and  Jerusia  AI.  (Ripley)  Wilder,  na- 
tives of  New  York  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The 
the  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 


6.;2 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  Minnesota  and  dwelt  on  the  frontier  when 
he  had  to  go  one  hundred  miles  to  market.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Minnesota 
Volunteers  in  March,  1862,  as  a  private,  and 
was  promoted  to  captain  of  his  company 
before  his  discharge.  He  served  in  the 
south,  and  later  under  General  Sibley  in 
subduing  the  Sioux  Indians  in  Minnesota. 
The  mother  is  a  descendant  of  the  Cush- 
mans,  who  landed  at  Plymouth  Rock  in  1620. 
Her  grandfather  was  general  Joseph  Rip- 
ley, a  patriot  in  the  Revolution.  In  May 
1870,  the  parents  crossed  the  plains  with  ox 
teams  to  California  and  thence  to  Albany,  Ore- 
gon. In  1872,  they  came  to  Walla  Walla,  our 
subject  walking  and  driving  a  band  of  cattle 
all  the  way.  Settlement  was  made  where  Mil- 
ton now  stands,  and  they  own  a  large  property 
in  that  state.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  our  sub- 
ject began  his  career  as  cowboy,  and  in  1S78 
fought  all  through  the  Bannock  Indian  war. 
On  one  occasion  he  was  with  one  hundred  and 
fifty  cowboys  who  held  at  bay  five  hundred 
Indians,  nineteen  of  the  cowboys  being  killed 
and  our  subject  receiving  two  bullet  wounds 
in  the  calf  of  the  leg.  In  1880  he  went  to 
Healdsburg  College,  California,  and  worked 
his  way  through,  graduating  in  1885.  He  was 
class  orator  at  the  commencement  and  com- 
pleted his  course  with  honor.  Returning  to 
Pendleton,  Mr.  Wilder  was  the  principal  of  the 
Pendleton  academy  and  commercial  college 
for  two  years,  then  taught  in  the  Milton  acad- 
emy. Later  he  farmed  in  the  Cold  Springs 
district  and  failed  on  account  of  the  drouth. 
In  1889  we  find  him  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business  in  Spokane  where  he  did  well  until  the 
panic,  then  lost  heavily.  After  this  he  went  to 
Davenport,  and  in  a  wrestling  match  lost  his 
right  eye.  About  the  time  that  he  came  to 
Spokane,  Mr.  Wilder  was  a  lecturer  for  the  Re- 
ligious Liberty  Association  of  Washington,  D. 
C.  and  spoke  every  night.  l)esides  three  times 
on  Sunday,  from  ^lay  until  December,  arguing 
that  church  and  state  should  be  separate.  In 
1 89 1  Mr.  Wilder  came  to  the  Okanogan  coun- 
try and  took  charge  of  the  Peacock  mines  for 
some  Spokane  people.  One  year  later  he  called 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Populists,  organized  a 
party,  and  stumped  the  county.  In  1894,  Mr. 
\\'ilder  visited  his  people  in  Oregon,  and  took 
charge  of  the  Elk  City  placer  on  the  John  Day, 
and  also  of  other  mining  work  in  that  section. 


He  is  now  the  largest  stockholder  in  the  North- 
land Gold  and  Copper  Mining  Company,  the 
other  shareholders  living  in  Walla  Walla.  Mr. 
F.  S.  Dement  is  president,  J.  C.  Hockett,  vice- 
president,  and  C.  'Si.  Rader.  secretary  and 
treasurer.  They  have  over  one  thousand  feet 
of  shaft  and  tunneling,  and  the  property  will 
soon  be  a  divided  payer.  }ilr.  Wilder  has  been 
deputy  assessor  twice,  in  addition  to  holdmg 
other  offices.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.. 
and  the  Eagles. 

On  June  14,  1893.  ;\Ir.  Wilder  married 
Miss  Mary  B.,  daughter  of  Layton  S.  and 
Helen  (Snyder)  Baldwin,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  captain  all  through  the 
Civil  War,  and  is  now  deputy  mining  sur\-eyor 
of  Idaho,  Oregon,  and  Washington,  and  lives 
at  Boise.  The  mother  is  a  descendant  of  old 
Puritan  stock,  and  came  with  her  husband 
across  the  plains  twenty-five  years  ago.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wilder  have  three  children.  Helen 
E.,  born  in  July,  1898:  Jermaine  E..  born  July 
17,  1900;  and  Dorothy  L.,  born  September  28, 
1902.  Mr.  Wilder  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and 
has  been  chairman  of  the  county  central  com- 
mittee several  times.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  state  Democratic  convention  held  at 
Spokane  in  1900.  He  is  a  prominent  man  of 
good  standing  in  the  county. 


LYMAN  W.  WILLARD,  M.  D.  This 
popular  physician  of  Loomis  needs  no  introtluc- 
tion  to  the  people  of  Okanogan  county.  His 
excellent  success  in  the  important  profession 
of  medicine  is  the  best  encomium  that  could  be 
granted  by  any  man.  In  addition  to  handling 
a  large  practice,  the  doctor  is  owner  and  opera- 
tor of  a  first-class  drug  store  on  the  main  street 
of  Loomis,  where  he  enjoys  a  fine  patronage. 

Lyman  W.  Willard  was  born  in  Oswego. 
New  York  on  December  8,  1842.  His  father. 
Dr.  Rowland  Willard,  was  born  at  Fort  Ann. 
New  York,  in  1794,  being  a  man  of  established 
ability  and  having  a  most  interesting  career. 
It  is  quite  in  place  to  note  some  of  the  salient 
points  of  the  same.  Dr.  R.  Willard  was  a  de- 
scendant of  the  noted  Simon  Willard,  who 
came  from  England  to  the  colonies  in  the  se\-- 
enteenth  century.  He  grew  up  on  a  farm, 
without  education,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  was  unable  to  write  his  name.     Then  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


653 


commenced  to  study.  He  went  west  about  this 
time  and  located  at  St.  Charles,  Missouri,  and 
there  rented  a  dwelling  to  a  physician  with 
whom  he  became  interested  in  the  study  of 
medicine.  In  due  time  he  entered  the  Jefferson 
Aledical  College  at  Philadelphia  and  took  his 
degree  in  1829.  He  rode  a  mule  the  entire  dis- 
tance from  that  state  to  Chihuahua,  Mexico, 
and  there  established  a  practice.  For  eight 
years  he  did  a  magnificent  business  in  his  pro- 
fession. On  account  of  a  revolution  and  the 
Americans  being  ordered  from  the  country,  he 
departed  with  his  equipment  and  gold.  It  was 
a  considerable  sum,  packed  on  five  mules.  He 
started  north  and  located  at  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  owned  an  estate  and  had  an 
extensive  practice.  He  built  a  Baptist  college 
and  endowed  it.  Owing  to  his  strong  aboli- 
tionist principles  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
and  practiced  medicine.  There  he  started  the 
first  wholesale  drug  store  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  Failing  health  caused  him 
to  sell  this  property  and  he  went  to  Indiana, 
where  he  bought  a  section  of  land  from  three 
Indians  and  started  the  town  of  Oswego.  He 
built  grist  mills  and  saw  mills  and  operated  a 
large  farm,  besides  practicing  medicine.  His 
house  was  a  station  on  the  underground  rail- 
way and  many  thrilling  adventures  occurred. 
\\'hen  the  railroad  came  through  his  section 
the  town  of  Warsaw  was  established  and  ow- 
ing to  the  treachery  of  his  partner  the  doctor 
was  caused  the  loss  of  about  fifty  thousand  dol- 
lars. He  then  removed  to  Warsaw  and  started 
life  again  without  means.  He  practiced  there 
until  i860,  then  went  to  New  Jersey  and  finally 
returned  to  Haddonfield.  New  Jersey,  having 
become  a  wealthy  man.  The  last  twenty  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in  retirement,  and  he  died 
in  1884  aged  ninety.  In  1832,  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  the  doctor  had  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Borland,  a  native  of  Orange  county,  New- 
York.  She  is  still  living  at  the  old  home  place 
in  Haddonfield  in  her  ninetieth  year.  Since 
sixteen  years  of  age  she  has  been  a  devoted 
Christian,  and  in  addition  to  much  labor  in  the 
cause,  she  has  been  a  correspondent  of  se\-eral 
religious  journals  in  the  United  States  and 
England. 

Our  subject  has  two  brothers,  Dr.  Nelson 
L.,  who  practiced  dentistry  in  London  fifteen 
years  and  is  now  following  his  profession  in 
Washington,   D.   C. ;  Rowland,   a  druggist  in 


Haddonfield,  New  Jersey.  Our  subject  began  his 
education  at  Warsaw,  Indiana,  and  continued 
until  he  had  graduated  in  the  Trenton  normal 
school  in  New  Jersey.  Then  came  three  years 
of  careful  study  of  medicine  under  a  preceptor, 
and  in  1866  he  entered  the  medical  college  at 
Philadelphia,  whence  he  graduated  four  years 
later.  Eight  years  were  spent  in  practice  in 
the  oil  region  in  Pennsylvania,  then  he  re- 
moved to  Silver  Cliff,  Colorado,  and  followed 
his  profession,  after  which  he  came  to  Sara- 
toga Springs,  New  York  and  practiced  medi- 
cine. In  1884  he  located  in  Spokane  and  one 
year  later  went  to  Goklendale,  Washington 
where  he  practiced  until  1889.  ^t  that  time 
he  was  appointed  surgeon  for  the  Washington 
Central  railroad  after  which  he  started  a  drug 
business  at  Coulee  City.  Later  he  came  to 
Ruby  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business  there 
until  the  mines  shut  down,  and  in  1884  he 
located  in  Loomis  and  at  once  opened  a  drug 
store  and  began  practice.  He  has  been  very 
successful,  both  in  his  practice  and  in  his  drug 
business  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
the  county.  Dr.  Willard  has  a  lovely  resi- 
dence, besides  other  property.  Owing  to  the 
failure  of  his  eye  sight  he  has  given  up  some 
of  his  practice  but  is  still  very  active. 

On  October  14,  1885,  Dr.  Willard  married 
IMiss  Elizabeth  Canfield.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  while  fra- 
ternally he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  the  W.  W. 

Since  the  above  was  written.  Dr.  Willard 
has  passed  away.  His  death  occurred  on  Sep- 
tember 28,  1903,  at  Loomis,  and  he  was  sin- 
cerely mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  He 
was  buried  under  the  auspices  of  the  W.  W., 
Loomis  Camp,  No.  591,  and  this  order  is  erect- 
ing a  monument  to  his  memory. 


HENRY  DOHENY  is  a  prosperous  stock- 
man whose  residence  is  on  his  estate  of  two 
hundred  acres,  five  miles  east  from  Conconully. 
He  has  shown  himself  a  man  of  excellent  re- 
sources and  possessed  of  good  executive  ability, 
in  that  he  has  made  his  present  gratifying  hold- 
ings by  his  own  labors  and  wise  management 
since  coming  to  this  section,  inasmuch  as  he 
had  no  capital  at  the  start. 

Henrv  Dohenv  was  born  in  Siblev  county. 


654 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Minnesota,  on  July  14,  1868,  the  sun  of  Pat- 
rick and  Mary  (Carey)  Uoheny,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  The  father  served  three  years 
in  the  Civil  War  under  General  Sibley,  being- 
engaged  most  of  the  time  in  quelling  the  mur- 
derous Sioux  in  Minnesota  and  on  the  bor- 
ders. He  and  his  wife  are  now  living  retired 
in   Sibley  county,    Minnesota.  His   uncles, 

Thomas  and  Walter,  were  the  first  settlers  in 
the  Minnesota  valley.  Our  subject  grew  up  on 
a  Minnesota  farm  and  gained  his  educational 
training  from  the  public  schools  and  also  per- 
fected himself  in  the  carpenter  trade.  In  the 
spring  of  1889,  he  came  to  ConconuUy,  and 
took  up  prospecting.  This  was  continued  un- 
til 1895,  when  he  purchased  a  band  of  cattle  and 
since  that  time  has  devoted  his  time  and  ener- 
gies to  raising  cattle.  He  makes  a  specialty  of 
handling  beef  cattle  and  has  a  nice  band  now. 
He  bought  the  improvements  of  a  squatter  on 
his  present  place  and  has  increased  to  two  hun- 
dred acres.  The  farm  is  all  fenced  and  well 
cultivated  and  has  impro\'ements  as  house,  good 
barn,  outbuildings,  orchard,  and  other  acces- 
sories belonging  to  a  first  class  general  and 
stock  farm. 

Mr.  Doheny  married  Miss  Julia  Monahan, 
a  native  of  Sibley  county,  on  November  20, 
1895.  Her  father,  John  Monahan,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania  and  is  now  deceased.  The 
mother,  Ann  (Wier)  Monahan,  is  now  living 
in  Sibley  county.  She  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. Mr.  Doheny  went  east  to  claim  his 
bride  and  since  her  marriage,  Mrs.  Doheny  has 
made  one  visit  east  to  see  her  mother.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Doheny  had  four  children;  Homer  J., 
born  October  29,  1896;  Willfred  A.,  born  May 
5,  1898;  Edmund  R.,  born  November  19.  i'900 ; 
Henry,  born  July  14,  1902,  now  deceased.  Mr. 
Doheny  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  is, active 
in  political  matters.  He  was  deputy  sheriff  un- 
der Mr.  Nickell  here  and  is  one  of  the  reliable 
and  well  esteemed  men  of  the  countv. 


LLOYD  BEALL  came  to  Okanogan 
county  in  1886  and  located  a  farm  where  he 
now  lives,  ten  miles  southwest  of  Loomis.  His 
place  is  situated  in  Horse  Springs  coulee  and 
he  was  the  first  settler  there.  In  those  early 
days  he  packed  his  supplies  from  Sprague,  hav- 
ing to  swim  the  animals  across  the  Columbia. 


He  has  labored  well  since  and  is  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  stock  men  of  the  county. 

Lloyd  Beall  was  born  in  St.  Joseph,  Miss- 
ouri, on  October  3.  1841.  the  son  of  Lloyd  and 
Elizabeth  (Keyes)  Beall,  natives  of  Tennessee 
and  Alabama,  respectively.  The  father  was 
born  in  1803  and  came  to  Missouri  in  1830 
then  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1849.  He  then  engaged  in  stock 
raising  until  1873,  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
preceded  his  family  to  the  coast  with  the  ex- 
pectation that  when  he  had  secured  a  place 
his  family  would  follow  him  but  soon  after  his 
departure,  his  wife  sickened  and  died.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  in  the  log  cabin 
school  house  and  in  August.  1861.  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Tenth  Kansas  Infantry.  He  was 
in  the  frontier  army  and  first  smelt  gunpowder 
in  a  battle  between  Lane's  forces  and  Price's 
army  at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas.  From  that  time 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was  in  almost 
constant  fighting  and  skirmishing.  They 
fought  the  James  boys  and  their  posse  was 
constantly  in  action  with  the  bushwhackers. 
He  fought  his  final  battle  under  General 
Blount  at  Prairie  Grove,  Arkansas.  He  was 
mustered  out  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  in  1864, 
and  at  once  re-enlisted.  In  this  capacity,  his 
last  battle  was  at  the  Little  Blue  river,  against 
Price.  Mr.  Beall  endured  great  hardship  as 
a  soldier,  being  frequently  far  from  the  base 
of  supplies  and  being  forced  to  sleep  in  the 
mud  with  scant  supplies  and  often  times  with- 
out food.  His  clothes  were  frequently  pierced 
with  bullets  and  at  one  time  he  was  knocked 
down  by  a  cannon  ball,  but  was  ne\er 
wounded.  Many  fell  at  his  side.  He  was 
called  to  be  especially  among  the  dead  and  the 
dying  but  he  was  preserved  through  it  all. 
Afterwards,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
government  as  teamster  and  drove  a  six  mule 
outfit  to  Fort  Union  thence  to  New  Mexico. 
After  that,  he  went  via  Denver  and  Salt  Lake 
City  to  California  to  visit  his  father,  whom 
he  had  not  seen  for  eight  years.  He  arrived 
there  on  August  8,  1867  and  from  that  time 
until  1880,  he  did  stock  raising  then  he  met 
with  reverses  and  came  to  Walla  Walla  and 
went  to  work  for  Tom  Page.  Here  he  worked 
for  a  dollar  a  day,  putting  in  sixteen  hours. 
Later  he  was  foreman  and  did  railroading  on 
the  Northern  Pacific.  Then  he  came  to  Okano- 
gan county,  where  his  brother  was  and  in  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


655 


spring  of  1882,  returned  to  railroading  then 
started  a  butcher  shop  in  Wardner,  the  first 
in  that  place.  As  stated  above,  it  was  in  1886, 
when  he  located  in  Okanogan  county.  He  has 
now  a  fine  estate,  supplied  with  valuable  im- 
provements and  irrigating  water.  Mr.  Beall 
has  never  seen  fit  to  launch  his  craft  on  the 
matrimonial  sea  but  is  quite  content  with  the 
more  passive  joys  of  the  jolly  bachelor. 


ADELBERT  G.  EDWARDS  is  to  be 
classed  as  one  of  the  intelligent  and  progressive 
mining  men  in  the  vicinity  of  Molson.  He  was 
born  on  August  2^,  1850,  in  Dallas  county, 
Alabama,  the  son  of  Cyril  R.  and  Susan  (Rey- 
nolds) Edwards.  The  father  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chancel- 
Iors\ille,  being  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Four- 
teenth Alabama  Cavalry.  He  had  participated 
in  many  battles  of  the  war  and  met  his  death 
in  active  service.  Under  President  Buchanan 
he  had  been  consul  to  Brazil  and  was  a  promi- 
nent citizen.  His  wife  was  born  in  the  state 
of  New  York  and  is  now  living  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  in  her  eighty-first  year.  Our 
subject's  grandfather,  Jonathan  Edwards,  was 
in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  under  General 
Jackson.  He  lived  to  be  ninety-nine  years  and 
nine  months  of  age.  Our  subject's  great-grand- 
father, also  Jonathan  Edwards,  was  one  of  the 
two  first  senators  from  Kentucky,  when  it  was 
admitted  into  the  union.  The  ancestors  came 
to  the  colonies  in  1648,  from  Monmouthshire, 
South  Wales.  Our  subject  remained  in  Ala- 
bama until  he  was  eight  years  of  age  and  then 
went  with  his  mother  to  Providence,  Rhode  Is- 
land, where  he  grew  up  and  received  his  edu- 
cation. He  also  learned  the  machinist's  trade 
during  his  youth.  In  1872,  he  went  to  Texas 
and  became  a  cowboy.  Fourteen  years  later 
we  find  him  in  the  San  Juan  country  in  Colo- 
rado, mining.  He  also  followed  that  occupa- 
tion in  New  ^lexico  and  Arizona  and  located 
some  of  the  famous  mines  in  that  country.  He 
had  many  fights  with  the  Apaches  and  endured 
much  hardship  incident  to  mining  and  pros- 
pecting in  those  dry  and  hot  countries.  On  one 
occasion  he  was  without  water  for  three  days, 
in  intense  heat.  In  1875,  Mr.  Edwards  came 
to  Butte,  Montana,  thence  to  Rossland  and  later 
to  Greenwood  and  other  places  in  British  Col- 


umbia. In  the  fall  of  1895,  he  came  to  the  res- 
ervation country  and  has  followed  mining  and 
prospecting  here  since.  He  recently  located  a 
homestead  of  good  bunch  grass  land,  well  wat- 
ered and  expects  to  make  his  home  upon  it. 
Mr.  Edwards  owns  the  Runny  Mede  group  of 
mines  near  his  homestead  and  has  done  about 
one  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  development 
work  upon  them.  He  has  a  well  defined  ledge 
which  assays  twenty-two  dollars  in  gold.  Mr. 
Edwards  also  has  charge  of  the  Poland-China 
mines  near  his  home.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
miners'  union  of  Greenwood  and  is  a  progres- 
sive and  public  spirited  man. 


FRANK  M.  WILLMARTH  is  the 
assessor  of  Okanogan  county.  During  1900, 
he  served  some  as  deputy  in  this  office  and  in 
the  fall  of  the  same  year  was  elected  to  this 
ol^ce,  his  name  appearing  on  the  Democratic 
ticket.  So  efficiently  did  he  discharge  his 
duties,  that  in  1902,  he  was  elected  by  a  large 
majority.  His  home  is  at  Twisp  where  he 
owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  adjoining 
the  town  but  his  duties  call  him  to  ConconuUy 
a  good  deal  of  the  time. 

Frank  M.  Willmarth  was  born  in  Boise, 
Idaho,  on  March  i,  1871,  the  son  of  Frank  M. 
Willmarth.  The  father  was  born  in  Bullock 
county,  Kentucky  and  removed  to  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa  where  he  married  Miss  Hannah 
Bacon.  They  crossed  the  plains  in  1864  to 
Dillon,  Montana,  and  five  years  later  moved  to 
Caldwell,  Idaho  where  they  engaged  in  stock 
raising.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Boise, 
where  our  subject  was  born.  In  1881  they 
sold  their  property  there  and  went  to  the 
Wood  river  district,  settling  at  Galena.  There 
they  operated  the  Alturas  hotel  until  1889, 
after  which  they  moved  to  Heppner,  Oregon. 
They  returned  to  Galena  and  there  on  August 
3,  1890,  the  father  died  suddenly  from  heart 
disease.  The  widow  returned  to  Heppner  and 
there  died  on  March  5,  1891,  aged  fifty-five. 
The  father  was  fifty-two  at  the  time  of  his 
demise.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren:  John  H.,  now  at  Twisp,  Washington; 
Mary  A.  Ruark,  at  Pateros,  Washington;  and 
our  subject.  Frank  M.  received  his  first  edu- 
cational training  in  the  old  Baptist  church  at 
Boise,  under  Professor  E.  Richards  and  com- 


6;6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


pleted  the  same  in  the  high  school  at  Boise. 
He  was  with  his  parents  until  their  death,  then 
engaged  in  mining  in  the  Wood  river  country. 
After  this,  he  did  business  in  Heppner  and  in 
1894,  came  to  the  Alethow  country  and  en- 
gaged in  stock  raising.  In  1897,  he  sold  out 
his  stock  and  went  to  mining  in  the  Slate  creek 
district  where  he  is  largely  interested  at  the 
present  time. 

On  July  4.  1899,  Mr.  Willmarth  married 
Miss  Nellie,  daughter  of  Frances  M.  Fulton 
and  a  native  of  Wise  county,  Texas.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  and  came 
across  the  plains  with  a  supply  train  in  1859  to 
California,  where  he  engaged  in  mining.  Af- 
terwards, he  was  in  the  Boise  Basin  and  there 
mined  and  raised  stock  until  1872  in  which 
year  he  journeyed  to  Texas  with  his  family, 
having  married  Miss  Bell  Clemens,  a  native  of 
Missouri,  in  1865.  In  1884,  they  came  from 
Texas  by  wagon  and  settled  in  Kittitas  county, 
Washington.  There  j\Ir.  Fulton  was  a  promi- 
nent stock  raiser,  handling  Shorthorns  and 
thoroughbreds  until  July  15,  1896,  the  date  of 
his  death,  he  being  then  sixty-seven  years  of 
age.  Mrs.  Fulton  still  resides  on  the  old  home- 
stead. Mrs.  Willmarth  has  the  fallowing 
brothers  and  sisters,  Mrs.  Rufus  Cooke,  Mrs. 
Mode  Cooke,  Estelle,  Jacqueline,  J.  L.,  Francis 
M.  and  William  R.,  all  living  in  Kittitas 
county. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willmarth,  two  children 
have  been  born,  Gladis  M.  and  Harold  F. 
Mrs.  Willmarth  is  a  graduate  of  the  state  nor- 
mal school  at  Ellensburg  and  spent  consider- 
able time  in  teaching  while  attending  the  nor- 
mal and  also  since.  She  was  born  on  Decem- 
ber 23,  1876.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willmarth  are 
highly  respected  people  and  have  done  well 
since  coming  to  this  country. 


HENRY  B.  STATON.  Among  the  pros- 
perous and  industrious  farmers  of  the  Methow 
valley,  it  is  fitting  for  us  to  mention  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  this 
article.  He  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  man  of 
skill  and  wisdom  in  his  labors  in  this  county. 
He  dwells  about  five  miles  north  from  Twisp 
and  devotes  his  attention  largely  to  general 
farming. 

Henrv  B.  Staton  was  born  in  Carroll  coun- 


ty, Missouri,  November  11.  1853.  the  son  of 
John  W.  and  Mary  E.  (Cunduff)  Staton. 
The  father  is  deceased.  The  mother  still  lives 
in  Missouri.  Our  subject  remained  with  his 
parents  on  the  farm  in  Missouri  until  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age,  having  gained  there 
his  education  from  the  common  schools,  then 
went  with  the  family  to  California.  For  eight 
years  he  followed  farming  and  teaming  in  Cali- 
fornia, then  came  to  Yakima  county  in  1878, 
wliere  he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising. 
For  nine  years  he  continued  there  and  then 
came  to  the  Methow  valley,  taking  a  squatter's 
right  three  miles  south  from  where  he  is  now 
located.  He  sold  his  property  and  located  his 
present  place  as  a  homestead  in  1895  and  since 
that  time  he  has  remained  here.  The  land  is 
all  fertile  and  tillable  and  is  one  of  the  valuable 
farms  of  the  valley.  Mr.  Staton  has  fenced 
the  place,  erected  a  house,  barn  and  outbuild- 
ings, planted  an  orchard  and  has  made  many 
other  improvements.  He  owns  two  residences 
in  Twisp,  which  he  leases.  In  1894,  in  the 
Methow  valley,  Mr.  Staton  married  Mrs. 
Mattie  Powers  and  to  them  two  children  have 
been  born,  Lorenia  and  Annie  L. 


ANTON  ANDERSEN  is  one  of  the 
pioneer  merchants  of  Okanogan  county  and 
was  the  first  to  establish  a  store  in  the  vicinity 
of  Brewster.  The  business  was  located  at  Vir- 
ginia City,  which  town  adjoined  the  site  now 
occupied  by  Brewster.  And  when  Brewster 
was  launched  as  a  new  born  city,  all  the  Vir- 
ginia City  people  moved  to  it.  Mr.  Andersen 
came  with  his  entire  stock  and  has  now  one  of 
the  largest  stores  of  the  county,  carrying  a 
good  assortment  of  all  kinds  of  goods  needed 
in  this  section,  as  groceries,  gents'  furnishings, 
dry  goods,  hardware,  boots  and  shoes,  and  so 
forth.  His  brother,  C.  Andersen,  is  in  part- 
nership with  him  and  they  operate  a  large 
grocery  in  Spokane  in  addition  to  the  business 
in  Brewster.  The  Spokane  store  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  city  and  is  known  as  the  Pure 
Food  grocery. 

Anton  Andersen  was  born  in  Ribe,  Den- 
mark, on  September  26,  1858,  the  son  of  An- 
ders C.  and  Anna  Andersen,  both  natives  of 
Denmark.  There  were  five  children  in  the 
family:    Christen,    in    Spokane;    Mrs.    Maren 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


657 


Jepsen,  near  Spokane;  Martin,  of  Portland; 
Andrea,  in  Brewster.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  land  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  enlisted 
in  the  regular  army,  serving  until  1881.  Then 
he  and  his  sister,  Andrea,  came  to  the  United 
States,  settling  in  Avoca,  Iowa.  Soon  there- 
after, they  went  to  Nebraska  and  in  the  spring 
of  1888,  they  came  to  Spokane.  Our  subject 
engaged  as  salesman  in  a  grocery  store  and  two 
years  later  started  a  store  for  himself.  This 
was  just  subsequent  to  the  big  fire  in  Spokane. 
He  operated  the  establishment  successfully  for 
two  years  then  sold  out  and  engaged  with  his 
brother,  Christen,  in  the  g-eneral  mercnandise 
business  in  Virginia  City.  Since  the  brother's 
family  lived  in  Spokane,  the  firm  bought  out 
O.  B.  Nelson  of  that  city,  and,  as  stated,  they 
handle  a  large  grocery  store  in  Spokane  now. 
]Mr.  Andersen  has  interests  in  various  mining 
properties  in  addition  to  their  merchandise 
business  and  they  are  both  prosperous  men. 

Fraternally,  our  subject  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Imperial  lodge  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in 
Spokane  and  also  belongs  to  the  Redmen  and 
the  W.  W.  He  is  a  man  of  good  business 
ability  and  has  manifested  both  integrity  and 
uprightness  in  all  his  dealings.  The  result 
is  that  he  enjoys  a  good  patronage  and  has 
hosts  of  warm  friends. 

Since  the  above  was  written  the  firm  has 
established  a  general  merchandise  business  in 
Hillyard,  Washington,  and  our  subject  is  giv- 
ing his  personal  attention  to  the  management  of 
the  enterprise. 


JAMES  L.  COLWELL  is  the  present 
capable  and  genial  incumbent  of  the  postoffice 
in  Twisp.  He  received  his  appointment  from 
President  McKinley  and  has  since  conducted 
the  office  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner  to  all 
the  patrons.  Mr.  Colwell  owns  the  building 
where  the  ofiice  is  at  present  and  in  addition 
to  attending  to  the  duties  of  that  department 
handles  a  confectionery  and  school  supply 
store.  He  also  has  a  fine  residence  in  town 
and  a  good  farm  a  few  miles  out. 

James  L.  Colwell  was  born  in  The  Dalles. 
Oregon,  on  February  3,  1856,  the  son  of 
Lafayette  and  Elizabeth  (Hansel)  Colwell,  na- 
tives of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  respectively.  The 
father  crossed  the  plains  with  oxen  in  the  rush 


of  forty-nine  and  settled  in  Oregon.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  Indian  wars  of  the  fifties  and 
remained  in  the  Web-Foot  State  until  his- 
death,  which  was  caused  by  a  bear,  which  he 
wounded.  The  bear  caused  injuries  which  re- 
sulted in  his  death  in  1863.  The  mother  is 
still  living  in  Gilliam  county,  Oregon.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  at  The  Dalles 
and  remained  there  until  he  was  nineteen.  He 
learned  the  saddler's  and  blacksmith's  trades 
and  established  himself  in  Lone  Rock,  Oregon, 
where  he  conducted  a  harness  shop  and  later 
a  blacksmith  shop.  He  also  handled  a  band  of 
sheep.  In  1889  Mr.  Colwell  located  at 
Wenatchee  and  opened  a  blacksmith  shop,  it 
being  the  second  building  in  the  town.  For  a 
year  and  more  he  continued  at  the  shop  and 
then  sold  and  entered  a  mercantile  establish- 
ment. In  due  time,  Mr.  Colwell  located  in 
Okanogan  county,  taking  a  homestead  three 
miles  west  from  Twisp.  He  brought  in  forty- 
nine  head  of  range  horses  but  had  the  mis- 
fortune to  lose  forty-two  of  them  the  first 
winter.  After  three  years  had  been  spent  on 
the  ranch,  Mr.  Colwell  opened  a  shop  in  Twisp 
and  continued  blacksmithing  for  three  years 
when  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  it  on  ac- 
count of  rheumatism.  Then  he  received  the 
appointment  to  the  postmastership  of  Twisp 
and  in  this  capacity  he  has  continued  since. 
Mr.  Colwell  is  also  interested  in  several  mining 
propositions  and  has  some  promising  property. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W.  and  the 
F.  O.  A.  and  has  held  several  of  the  important 
ofiices  in  these  orders. 

When  twenty-one,  Mr.  Colwell  married 
Miss  Carrie  Barton,  at  Lone  Rock,  Oregon,  the 
date  being  March  i,  1877.  On  March  14, 
1880,  she  died  and  Mr.  Colwell  continued 
single  until  1885,  when  he  married  Miss  Jennie 
M.  Ingram,  at  Lone  Rock.  To  this  union, 
two  children  have  been  born,  Cecile  L.  and 
Harley  H.  Mrs.  ColwelFs  father  is  John  In- 
gram. Her  mother  died  when  this  daughter 
was  young.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colwell  are  well 
esteemed  and  respected  people  and  have  many 
warm  friends. 


ASHBEL  LIBBY  lives  at  the  mouth  of 
Libby  creek,  on  the  Methow,  twelve  miles  south 
from  Twisp  and  his  postoffice  is  Libby.  He 
is  one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of  the  Methow 


6s8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


valley  and  also  does  general  farming.  He  is  a 
man  of  ability  and  uprightness  ever  manifest- 
ing knowledge  and  good  business  judgment, 
which  have  won  for  him  a  fine  holding  in  prop- 
trtv  interests. 

'Ashtel  Libby  was  born  in  Cumberland 
county.  Alaine.  on  April  28,  1853.  the  son  of 
James  E..  and  Lucinda  (Hilton)  Libby,  both 
natives  of  IMaine,  where  they  lived  until  their 
death.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents 
until  seventeen,  receiving  a  good  education 
from  the  common  schools  during  those  years. 
Then  he  went  to  San  Francisco  and  engaged 
m  teaming  and  driving  a  stage.  This  continued 
for  several  years,  when  he  came  to  Silver  City, 
Idaho,  and  operated  what  was  known  as  the 
Sheep  Ranch  stage  ofifice.  After  this  he  did 
ranching  at  Jordan  valley,  Malheur  county, 
Oregon,  for  three  years.  Thence  in  1888,  he 
came  to  the  Methow  and  took  up  Libby  creek 
ranch  where  he  is  located  at  the  present  time. 
He  has  one  hundred  and  si.xty  acres  of  fine  al- 
falfa land  all  fenced  and  under  irrigation. 
Many  other  impro\-ements  may  be  mentioned 
together  with  good  buildings,  fine  orchards,  and 
other  accessories.  Mr.  Libby  feeds  about  one 
hundred  head  of  cattle  every  winter  and  is  a 
very  skillful  stock  breeder.  He  is  school  di- 
rector of  his  district,  number  twenty,  and  has 
been  most  of  the  time  for  the  past  twelve  vears. 
At  Silver  City.  Idaho,  in  1883,  Mr.  Libby 
married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Lewis  R.  and 
Mary  (Beal)  Barrett,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectivel}'.  They  both  died  in 
Missouri.  To  our  subject  and  his  wife,  four 
children  have  been  born,  Ralph  and  Rae,  twins, 
Chester,  and  James. 


CONBURSE  J.  OGDEX  has  labored  quite 
extensively  in  bringing  about  the  improvement 
and  upbuilding  of  Okanogan  county.  He  has 
devoted  himself  largely  to  general  farming  and 
stock  raising  since  coming  here,  and  it  is  to 
these  related  industries  that  he  is  tending  his 
energies  at  the  present  time.  He  resides  one 
mile  south  from  the  Methow,  where  he  has  also 
started  a  fine  orchard  and  expects  in  the  near 
future  to  be  one  of  the  large  ship])ers  of  fruit 
from  Okanogan  county. 

Conburse  J.  Ogden  was  torn  in  Fulton 
county,  Illinois,  on  June  20.  1861.  the  son  of 


Joseph  and  Samantha  (Babbitt)  Ogden,  natives 
of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  miller  and  a  farmer.  When  our  subject 
was  four  years  of  age,  he  came  with  his  parents 
to  Carthage,  Missouri,  and  there  remained  un- 
til he  grew  to  manhood.  He  was  well  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  learned  the  trade  of 
the  miller,  in  addition  to  doing  farm  work.  In 
1887,  he  came  west  to  Ellensburg  and  there  took 
up  the  hotel  business.  He  operated  the 
Ellensburg  and  then  the  Horton,  until  1890. 
In  that  year  he  removed  to  Centralia,  Wash- 
ington and  opened  a  restaurant,  attending  to 
that  business  for  one  year.  The  year  1891  marks 
the  date  in  which  he  came  to  Okanogan  county 
and  Ruby  was  the  place  of  his  first  settlement. 
He  was  variously  engaged  there  for  three  years, 
when  he  remo\ed  to  the  ]^Iethow  valley,  one 
mile  east  from  Twisp.  At  that  place  he  took  a 
homestead  and  improved  it  in  a  very  becoming 
manner.  After  securing  title  to  the  land,  he 
sold  it  in  1898  and  then  went  to  the  Republic 
country  and  did  road  making  and  contracting 
for  some  time.  In  1901.  Mr.  Ogden  settled  on 
his  present  piece  of  land  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  cultivation  and  to  stock  raising. 
At  Ellensburg,  Washington,  in  November, 
1889,  Mr.  Ogden  married  ]Miss  Elvira,  daugh- 
ter of  Emille  and  Malinda  Galliac,  and  to  this 
union  six  children  have  teen  born.  Carl,  Her- 
bert, Mabel,  ]\Ielba.  Irene,  and  Blanche, 


JOSHUA  M,  RISLEY  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing property  holdei"s  in  Okanogan  county  and 
he  has  demonstrated  that  he  is  possessed  of  com- 
mendable ability  and  keen  business  judgment 
during  his  residence  here,  in  that  he  has  handled 
successfully  the  various  enterprises  with  which 
he  has  been  connected.  He  has  a  teautiful 
residence  in  the  eastern  portion  of  Twisp  and 
also  owns  a  large  portion  of  the  townsite.  be- 
sides a  quarter  section  of  land  adjoining  the 

I  town  on  the  south.  It  is  well  irrigated  and  pro- 
duces abuntlance  of  alfalfa  and  other  crops, 
?klr,  Risley  also  has  valuable  mining  property, 
among    which    may    te    mentioned    the    Gold 

I  Standard  and  the  Bonanza  Chief  mines,  both  of 
which  only  await  transportation  to  be  paying 
shippers,     IMr.   Risley  devotes  himself  to  the 

'  management  of  his  properties  and  also  to  doing 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


659 


a  general  real  estate  and  mining  lausiness.  He 
has  a  good  office  in  Twisp  and  transacts  an- 
nually a  large  business. 

Joshua  AI.  Risley  was  born  in  Clay  county, 
Illinois,  on  January  5,  1857,  the  son  of  Nat  C. 
W.  and  Rebecca  E.  (Smiley)  Risley,  both  still 
living.  When  Joshua  JM.  was  ten  he  went  with 
his  father  to  Nebraska  and  thence  to  Marion 
county,  Kansas,  where  he  worked  on  the  farm 
until  he  was  eighteen.  During  these  youthful 
years,  he  had  been  favored  with  a  common- 
school  training  and  at  the  budding  age  men- 
tioned left  the  parental  roof  for  the  wide  west. 
He  landed  in  Oregon  in  due  time  and  was  soon 
carpentering.  Three  years  after  that  he  was  in 
Pullman,  Washington,  and  there  for  three  years 
he  did  contracting  and  carpentering.  Later  he 
went  to  Viola,  Idaho,  and  started  a  planing  mill 
and  sash  factory.  Next  Mr.  Risley  came  to 
Douglas  county,  and  for  two  years  did  stock 
raising.  In  August,  1888,  he  came  to  Okano- 
ogan  count}'  and  located  a  sriuatter's  right  on 
land  which  he  sold  later  for  five  thousand  dol- 
lars. This  sale  was  five  years  since,  and  he  sold 
only  the  right.  Then  he  came  to  the  present 
location  of  Twisp  and  bought  the  townsite  of 
Gloverville,  which  is  now  the  thriving  town  of 
Twisp.  Since  then,  Mr.  Risley  has  been  prom- 
inently connected  with  the  upbuilding  and 
growth  of  this  town  and  is  one  of  the  progres- 
sive and  public  minded  men  of  the  place.  Mr. 
Risley  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  justice  of 
the  peace.    He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  O.  A. 

On  April  8,  1879,  Mr.  Risley  married  Miss 
Hattie  L.,  daughter  of  David  Lowry,  and  to 
them  three  children  have  been  born,  Maud  and 
\'ictorine,  both  deceased;  Loleta,  a  bright  girl 
in  school.  Mr.  Risley  and  his  wife  deserve  the 
esteem  and  confidence  bestowed  by  the  people, 
as  they  are  worthy  people  whose  labors  in  social 
and  business  life  have  been  faithful  and  wise. 


HON.  M.  A.  SMALLEY  is  without  doubt 
one  of  the  most  prominent  men  of  Okanogan 
county.  His  acquaintance  is  extensive  and  he 
has  made  for  himself,  since  coming  to  the  west, 
a  host  of  warm  friends,  who  with  the  general 
public  appreciate  his  intellect  and  his  energetic 
and  skillful  eft'orts  to  build  up  and  develop  the 
mining  resources  of  northwest  Washington. 

M.  A.  Smalley  was  born  on  October  4, 
1 8  so,  on  a  farm  in  Ashland  count  v.  Ohio,  the 


son  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Smalley, 
natives  of  the  same  state.  In  1853.  the  family 
went  to  Wyandot  county,  Ohio,  and  there  our 
subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a 
common-school  education.  At  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen he  taught  school,  and  two  years  later 
went  overland  to  Kansas,  and  there  hunted  buf- 
falo'during  the  winter  of  1870-71,  after  which 
he  taught  school  in  Labette  county,  where  the 
terrible  Bender  massacre  occurred.  In  18/2 
he  returned  to  Ohio  and  completed  his  educa- 
tion in  the  Northwestern  Normal  School  at 
Ada.  following  which  he  gave  his  attention  to 
teaching  and  farming.  His  marriage  to  Hattie 
M.  Benson,  of  Cardington,  Ohio,  occurred  in 
1877.  After  this  he  established  himself  in  the 
real  estate  business  at  Carey,  Ohio.  Although 
he  was  a  thorough  Democrat  in  politics,  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Carey,  which  was  a  strong  Re- 
publican town.  He  was  re-elected,  and  later 
resigned  on  being  chosen  to  the  state  legislature 
in  1885.  Two  years  later  he  again  represented 
his  district  in  the  legislature.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  Democratic  executive  committee  of 
Wyandot  county,  Ohio,  for  seven  years,  and 
in  1894  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  state  cen- 
tral committee,  to  which  he  succeeded  himself 
in  1895.  Iri  February,  1896.  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Cleveland,  LTnited  States  marshal 
for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio,  he  being  the 
last  marshal  appointed  by  Mr.  Cleveland.  He 
served  as  marshal  four  months  over  his  term, 
retiring  July  i,  1900.  During  this  time  he  was 
interested  in  the  production  of  oil  in  North- 
western Ohio.  In  1890  Mr.  Smalley 
was  local  manager  of  the  Lenore  city 
company.  which  built  Lenore  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Tennessee  and  Little 
Tennessee  rivers  on  the  Lenore  plantation  in 
Tennessee.  In  1893,  while  in  charge  of  the 
office  of  the  Missouri  Railroad  and  Navigation 
Company,  he  was  appointed  receiver  of  the 
Findley,  Fort  Wayne  and  Western  railroad, 
extending  from  Findlay,  Ohio,  to  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana.  He  was  manager  of  this  road  as  re- 
ceiver for  two  years,  but  was  not  discharged  by 
the  court  until  1900.  In  that  year  he  made  a 
visit  to  this  part  of  Washington  to  inspect  the 
mineral  and  other  resources.  He  purchased 
a  group  of  claims  known  as  the  Oregon  prop- 
erty, which  is  situated  near  the  famous  "Hee 
Hee  Stone,"  six  miles  west  from  Chesaw.  Mr. 
Smalley  and  associates  organized  a  company 


66o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


kiiown  as  the  Wyandot  Mining  Company,  and 
began  to  develop  the  property  purchased.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  promising  properties  in  the 
county  and  will  soon  be  shipping.  Mr.  Smalley 
has  made  careful  examination  of  the  resources 
of  this  country  and  believes  that  Chesaw  is  the 
center  of  one  of  the  finest  mineral  districts  in 
the  northwest,  and  his  efforts  have  been  and  are 
directed  toward  the  development  of  the  Okan- 
ogan country  and  bringing  the  same  to  the  no- 
tice of  capitalists.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Smalley  is 
affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  f',  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
M..  the  Eagles  and  the  Elks.  ^Mr.  Smalley  has 
had  charge  of  the  Wyandot  mining  company's 
interests  since  coming  here,  and  has  been  so 
well  pleased  with  this  section  that  he  remo\ed 
liis  family  here  in  1892,  and  intends  making 
Okanogan  county  his  permanent  home. 


CHARLES  T.  PETERSON  is  a  prom- 
inent real  estate  raan  and  mining  promoter  of 
Okanogan  county,  and  has  done  commendable 
work  in  these  lines  since  coming  to  this  section. 
He  is  now  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Night- 
hawk  Realty  Company  of  Nighthawk,  and  is 
an  active  and  energetic  man  in  this  capacity. 
]\Ir.  Peterson  is  a  man  of  good  business  ad- 
dress, and  has  shown  a  sagacity  and  pertenacity 
of  effort  here  that  stamp  him  as  a  winner  of 
success. 

Charles  T.  Peterson  was  born  in  Raymond. 
Wisconsin,  on  Septeml>er  26,  1869,  the  son  of 
Jens  J.  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Wilson)  Peterson, 
who  are  more  specifically  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  volume.  His  educational  training  was 
received  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
place,  and  in  the  Metropolitan  Business  Col- 
lege of  Chicago.  Followine  this,  Mr.  Peterson 
embarked  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Mil- 
waukee, and  met  with  a  brilliant  success.  It 
was  in  i960  that  he  came  to  this  county,  and 
here  he  has  busied  himself  in  handling  real  es- 
tate and  in  different  capacities  in  mining.  He 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Ixonia 
Mining  Companv  of  the  Cascades,  and  also  of 
the  M.  P.,  Mt.  G.  &  C.  M.  Co.  He  was  also  the 
locater  of  .some  of  the  claims  now  held  by  the 
Nighthawk  company,  and  assisted  to  incorpor- 
ate tliat  property.  He  is  also  interested  in  the 
Fa\nrite  and  other  claims  and  companies.  Mr. 
Peterson  has  always  evinced  a  great  interest  in 
the  development  of  the  properties  he  is  associa- 


ted in,  as  well  as  in  the  general  development  of 
this  district,  bringing  to  bear  his  great  wealth 
of  energy,  and  keen  business  judgment.  He 
is  the  centre  of  a  large  circle  of  admiring 
friends,  and  has  always  shown  affabilitv  and 
true  manliness. 


MRS.  JENNIE  BOTTO.MLEY  resides 
four  miles  south  of  Oroville,  and  no  compilation 
of  the  character  of  this  work  would  be  complete 
without  a  mention  of  her.  An  account  of  the 
life  struggles  of  ^Irs.  Bottomley  is  a  sufficient 
encomjum,  without  any  other  words.  She  was 
born  under  the  British  flag  at  Gibraltar  in 
Alarch,  1842,  the  daughter  of  William  and 
Margaret  (Newcomb)  Devlin,  natives  of  Arma 
and  King  counties,  Ireland,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  soldier  under  the  British  flag  for 
twenty-one  years,  and  was  stationed  in  various 
places.  When  our  subject  was  four  years  old, 
the  father  was  transferred  from  Gibraltar  to 
St.  Lucy.  From  St.  Lucy  he  went  to  several 
West  Indies  islands  to  take  on  troops  and  then 
sailed  from  Jamaica  in  a  seventy-four-gun  ship 
to  Halifax,  and  from  there  to  New  Brunswick, 
she  accompanying  him.  She  was  the  fourth  in 
a  family  of  nine  children,  and  the  parents  lived 
at  New  Brunswick  until  their  death.  Follow- 
in  that,  Mrs.  Bottomley  went  to  Boston,  join- 
ing her  sister  there,  and  arrived  a  few  days  be- 
fore the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln.  In 
due  time  she  engaged  in  tailoring  for  Freeland, 
Beard  &  Company,  and  worked  eight  years  for 
them.  In  1873  she  went  to  New  York.  She 
traveled  thence  by  steamer  via  the  Isthmus  to 
San  Francisco,  where  she  engaged  in  dress 
making.  In  that  state,  in  November,  1876, 
Mrs.  Bottomley  married  Robert  Bottomley,  a 
native  of  Scotland,  now  about  seventv  years  of 
age.  He  spent  his  early  life  at  sea  and  traveled 
to  almost  every  portion  of  the  globe.  After 
their  marriage  they  lived  in  several  places  in 
California,  generally  engaged  in  farming,  un- 
til the  spring  of  1884,  when  with  a  large  Cali- 
fornia wagon  and  six  horses,  they  journeyed 
from  Oaksdale,  California,  to  Okanogan  coun- 
ty. On  account  of  the  high  water,  bad  roads, 
and  so  forth,  they  consumed  six  months  in  the 
trip.  j\lr.  Bottomley  took  sick  and  was  delirous 
and  ]\Irs.  Bottomley  had  to  drive  across  one 
range  of  the  Blue  Mountains.  At  the  Colum- 
bia  they   ]wid   the   Indians   twenty   dollars  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


661 


swim  their  horses  and  transfer  their  goods 
across  the  river.  They  got  to  the  Okanogan 
river  in  the  fall  of  1884,  ^'id  Mrs.  Bottomley 
was  one  of  the  first  white  women  from  the  Col- 
umbia to  the  British  Columbia  line.  Some  of 
the  stockmen  opposed  the  settlement  of  families 
and  they  being  withoiit  means  and  the  country 
very  new,  the  greatest  hardships  were  endured. 
They  struggled  along, 'Mrs.  Bottomley  doing 
washing  and  nursing  as  occasion  required,  un- 
til 1888,  when  her  husband  left  her.  She  had 
four  children,  the  eldest  ten  years  of  age.  Mrs. 
Bottomley  was  delicate  and  slight  and  with 
those  to  support,  and  no  means,  and  on  the 
frontier,  she  was  confronted  with  a  very  dis- 
couraging outlook.  It  was  with  difficulty  that 
she  kept  the  wolf  from  the  door,  and  many 
times  was  she  forced  to  leave  her  children  while 
she  walked  miles  to  her  work  to  earn  a  living. 
She  took  the  iiomestead  where  she  now  resides, 
four  miles  south  of  Oroville  and  bought  her 
first  cow,  paying  for  the  same  by  washing. 
She  and  her  children  now  own  over  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  head  of  cattle,  and  are  among  the 
prosperous  people  of  the  county.  This  has  all 
been  gained  by  their  own  industry  and  thrift 
and  they  are  well  worthy  to  enjoy  the  fruits 
of  their  labors.  The  children  are  Charles  M. 
and  William  A.,  both  born  in  Santa  Clara 
county,  California,  and  now  own  two  ranches 
on  Funk  creek;  Margaret  J.,  born  in  Fresno 
county,  California ;  Mary  J.,  born  in  this  county 
in  1885,  being  the  first  white  girl  born  in  the 
Okanogan  valley,  south  of  the  British  Colum- 
bia line.  She  died  at  the  age  of  four  years. 
Mrs.  Bottomley  has  her  farm  all  fenced,  a  good 
orchard,  comfortable  house,  barns,  and  so 
forth,  and  handles  the  land  to  general  crops. 
She  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  her  and  is  an  industrious  and  upright 
woman.  She  and  her  children  are  members  of 
the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Bottomley  was  not 
a  member  of  anv  church. 


ELLIOTT  \y.  BEIDLER  was  born  in 
Warren,  Pennsylvania  on  April  i,  1877,  the 
son  of  Theodore  F.  and  Mattie  S.  (Scoogin) 
Beidler.  The  father  was  born  in  Chester  Val- 
ley, Pennsylvania,  in  1843.  He  and  his 
brother,  Jacob  A.  Beidler,  who  is  now  United 
States  congressman  from  Ohio,  went  to  Cleve- 


land, Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  coal  business. 
They  now  o\\n  several  large  coal  mines  and 
are  extensive  coal  dealers.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Nicholasville,  Kentucky,  and  is  still 
living.  Four  children  were  born  to  this  worthy 
couple:  Howard  T.,  cashier  of  the  National 
Screw  and  Tack  Company;  Theodore  F.,  Jr., 
sales  agent  of  a  large  coal  company:  Elliott 
W.,  our  subject;  and  Lillie  M.,  wife  of  Sey- 
mour M.  Potter,  a  sales  agent  of  a  large  steel 
and  iron  firm,  of  Cleveland. 

Upon  the  completion  of  his  education,  our 
subject  took  charge  of  the  Webster  Gas  and 
Coal  Company  of  Webster,  Pennsylvania,  and 
later  was  superintendent  of  the  Goshen  Coal 
Company  of  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio.  In 
April,  1899  he  came  to  Boise,  Idaho  and  after 
mining  for  six  months  on  the  Boise  river  came 
on  to  the  Okanogan  country  and  engaged  with 
the  Palmer  Mountain  Gold  Mining  &  Tunnel 
Company,  and  is  at  present  superintendent  of 
this  company's  mine  and  also  of  the  Security 
mine. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  the  W.  W.  at  Loomis. 


JAMES  M.  JUDD  of  the  firm  of  Judd  & 
Son,  liverymen  at  Loomis,  is  one  of  the  well 
known  pioneer  residents  of  Okanogan  county 
and  a  man  who  has  shown  himself  possessed 
both  of  good  business  qualifications  and  a  gen- 
ial uprightness  which  have  won  for  him  ex- 
cellent holdings  and  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

James  M.  Judd  was  born  in  Indiana  on 
August  10,  1849,  the  son  of  William  and 
Sarah  (Climer)  Judd,  natives  of  Ohio  and  now 
deceased,  having  completed  the  time  of  their 
lives  in  Nebraska.  At  the  age  of  three  years 
our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  Jones 
county,  Iowa,  whence  they  moved  to  Floyd 
county  in  the  same  state  where  he  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  his  education.  On  July 
15,  1873,  Mr.  Judd  married  Miss  Alma  Shel- 
don, a  native  of  Madison  county,  Wisconsin. 
Shortly  after  the  nuptials  had  been  celebrated, 
they  journeyed  to  Dakota  county,  Nebraska, 
thence  to  ■  Wayne  county  and  later  to  Holt 
county  in  the  same  state.  In  1881  they  came 
to  the'  Black  Hills  in  South  Dakota,  i\Ir.  Judd 
having  freighted  in  there  in  1877.  He  first 
engaged    in    prospecting    then    freighted    and 


662 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


finally  took  a  ranch  and  raised  stock,  being 
successful  in  this  line.  He  drove  from  eastern 
Iowa  to  Nebraska,  thence  to  the  Black  Hills 
and  in  iS86  crossed  the  mountains  to  Si>okane 
and  finally  on  to  Loomis.  in  1889.  Although 
the  trip  was  made  in  later  years  he  had  as 
many  adventures  as  many  of  the  old  pioneers 
who  crossed  the  plains  before  railroad  times. 
At  first  he  established  himself  in  a  general  mer- 
chandise business  in  Loomis,  remaining  until 
the  spring  of  1891,  when  he  built  a  livery 
stable,  where  he  has  since  continued  doing  a 
fine  business.  The  stable  is  well  equipped  with 
comfortable  and  stylish  rigs,  has  plenty  of  first 
class  animals,  and  the  proprietors  leave  nothing 
undone  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  guests 
They  do  a  general  livery,  feed  and  sale  busi- 
ness and  are  prosperous.  The  son  owns  one- 
half  interest  in  the  business.  After  building 
the  stable  Mr.  Judd  operated  it  for  some  time, 
then  leased  it  and  engaged  in  the  saw  mill 
business.  Later  he  returned  to  the  livery  busi- 
ness and  has  given  his  attention  to  it  largely 
since.  Mr.  Judd  owns  one-third  interest  in 
the  security  mines  but  sold  to  a  company,  re- 
serving a  good  block  of  stock.  Their  property 
lies  about  one  mile  north  of  Loomis  on  the  west 
slope  of  Palmer  mountain  and  shows  up  well 
in  gold.  They  have  a  large  amount  of  develop- 
ment work  done.  Mr.  Judd  owns  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  Loomis  and  about  six  acres  of  land. 
He  has  a  private  water  system,  which  supplies 
both  residence  and  barn  besides  other  resi- 
dences of  Loomis.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judd  five  chil- 
dren have  been  born :  Lillian  M..  wife  of  James 
O'Heren ;  Eugene  J.,  married  to  Katie  Elmore ; 
William  L. :  Albert ;  and  Forester. 


JOHN  SPECKMAN,  who  dwells  on  the 
bank  of  Fish  lake,  in  Okanogan  county,  is 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  county  and 
is  one  of  its  substantial  citizens  now.  He  came 
with  the  intention  of  making  a  home  and  has 
adhered  closely  to  this  line  since,  with  the 
gratifying  result  that  he  has  now  a  well  im- 
proved farm  on  the  lake,  a  comfortable  resi- 
dence and  sufficient  outbuildings  and  so  forth 
to  accommodate  his  crops  and  stock. 

John  Speckman  was  born  in  Erie,  Pennsyl- 
vania  in   July,    1850,   the  son  of   Robert   and 


Emma  (Toal)  Speckman.  The  maternal  grand- 
father was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolution  and 
fought  bravely  for  the  American  cause.  At 
the  age  of  nine,  our  subject  went  from  home  to 
sea  and  was  forecastle  boy  on  the  merchant 
marine.  He  learned  the  seaman's  art  and  was 
soon  before  the  mast  a  full  sailor.  During  these 
years  he  visited  various  portions  of  the  globe 
and  had  many  thrilling  experiences.  When 
nineteen  he  quit  the  sea  and  went  to  steam- 
boating  on  the  Mississippi.  Later  he  rail- 
roaded and  then  went  west.  In  June,  1886, 
Mr.  Speckman  landed  in  Loomis  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  located  his  present  place.  Since 
that  time  he  has  continued  here,  and  remarks 
that  for  all  these  years,  he  has  not  traveled 
over  twenty  miles  from  the  farm.  He  raises 
hay  and  cattle  principally  and  is  a  man  of 
good  substantial  qualities. 


E.  L.  PAYNE,  better  known  as  "Uncle 
Ned  Payne"  is  one  of  the  widely  known  men 
all  through  the  northwest.  He  has  had  ex- 
periences, which  if  told  in  detail,  would  make 
a  thrilling  volume  of  interest  and  instruction, 
for  he  has  been  associated  with  some  of  the 
leading  ventures  in  various  sections  on  the 
Pacific  coast  in  early  days  and  has  always  held 
a  prominent  part  in  his  line. 

E.  L.  Payne  was  born  in  Bartholomew 
county,  Indiana,  on  January  3,  1839,  the  son 
of  Thornton  and  Mary  (Lee)  Payne,  natives 
of  Virginia.  The  mother  was  related  to  Gen- 
eral Robert  E.  Lee.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place  and  with  an  older 
brother  came  early  across  the  plains  to  Cali- 
fornia. On  May  13,  1852.  they  ferried  across 
the  muddy  Missouri  and  set  their  faces  "west- 
ward, ho."  Lentil  August  9.  of  the  same  year, 
when  they  pulled  up  their  tired  horses  at  Hang- 
town,  California,  they  had  sped  forward.  E.  L. 
handling  the  lines  of  a  four  horse  team.  Al- 
though but  thirteen,  he  was  the  best  driver  in 
the  train.  He  soon  went  to  teaming  and  in 
1858  was  at  Portland,  Oregon.  He  was 
straightway  installed  as  driver  on  the  stage 
from  Portland  to  Salem  and  when,  the  next 
year,  the  California  Stage  Company  secured 
the  contract  of  carrying  the  mail  from  Sacra- 
mento to  Portland,  he  was  one  of  the  drivers. 
On  September  14  of  that  year,  he  started  with 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


663 


the  first  tlirough  mail  from  Portland  to  Sacra- 
mento. The  trip  was  made  in  seven  days  in 
summer  and  twelve  in  winter.  For  about  twen- 
ty years,  Mr.  Payne  handled  the  reins  on  that 
line  and  then  was  wagon  master  for  the  gov- 
ernment when  General  Wheaton  chastised 
Captain  Jack  and  his  renegade  Modocs  at  the 
lava  beds  in  southern  Oregon.  They  then 
marched  to  Walla  Walla  and  Mr.  Payne  drove 
stage  from  Walla  Wall  to  Wallula  until  the 
Baker  railroad  was  completed.  Then  he  went 
to  Boise  and  drove  stage  and  on  one  occasion 
here  he  drove  six  horses  hauling  a  coach  with 
twelve  passengers,  the  United  States  mail  and 
Wells  Fargo  express, twelve  miles  in  forty-seven 
minutes,  the  fastest  record  then  for  six  horses. 
He  was  considered  the  most  skillful  stage 
driver  on  the  coast  and  for  thirty  years,  day  or 
night,  storm  or  pleasant,  he  handled  the  ribbons 
and  met  and  overcame  all  dangers  incident  to 
the  business,  as  hostile  Indians,  road  agents, 
and  so  forth.  In  May,  1892  Mr.  Payne  came 
to  Okanogan  county  and  mined  and  did  busi- 
ness at  Ruby.  On  January  i,  1899  he  located 
in  Conconu'lly  and  now  has  a  fine  business 
building,  with  good  billiard  hall  and  bar.  He 
is  well  known  and  popular  and  conducts  the 
most  orderly  resort  in  the  county. 

In  1868  Mr.  Payne  married  Miss  Maggie 
Payne,  who  died  in  1874,  leaving  two  children, 
Harry  L.  and  Ruby,  both  in  Oregon. 


JOHN  P.  THEIN  is  one  of  the  well  known 
mining  men  of  Okanogan  county,  and  is  now 
devoting  his  attention  mostly  to  stock  raising 
and  farming.  He  has  a  fine  estate  of  nearly 
one  half  section  at  the  foot  of  Palmer  lake,  nine 
miles  north  from  Loomis.  He  has  excellent 
land,  and  is  successful  in  his  labors.  He  is  a 
man  of  energy  and  executive  ability,  and  has 
shown  himself  to  be  dominated  by  sound  prin- 
ciples in  his  walk. 

John  P.  Thein  was  born  in  Buffalo,  Minne- 
sota, on  June  ^7.  1870,  the  son  of  John  B.  and 
Lena  Thein,  natives  of  Luxemburg,  Germany. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1868,  lo- 
cating in  Wisconsin,  whither  they  soon  traveled 
to  Buffalo.  Minnesota,  where  thej'  now  reside, 
being  retired  from  active  business.  The  father 
was  a  carpenter.  Our  subject  grew  up  amid 
the  invigorating  scenes  of  a  Minnesota  farm, 


and  gained  his  educational  training  from  the 
public  schools  of  the  place.  In  the  spring  of 
1 89 1,  he  started  out  for  himself,  and  came  west 
to  British  Columbia.  The  next  year  found  him 
at  Golden,  in  this  county,  engaged  in  mining. 
Later  he  went  to  Boise,  Rocky  Bar,  and  Neal, 
in  Idaho,  where  he  mined  until  1896.  Then 
he  returned  to  Okanogan  county,  and  in  1897 
went  via  Seattle,  Skagway,  and  the  Yukon  to 
the  Klondike  country.  He  was  successful  in 
placer  mining,  and  in  the  summer  of  1899 
came  back  to  Seattle  whence  he  went  on  a  visit 
to  Buffalo,  Minnesota,  renewing  the  acquaint- 
ances of  his  youth,  and  enjoying  the  friendship 
of  his  people.  He  returned  to  Okanogan 
county  in  due  time,  and  again  took  up  mining. 
In  the  spring  of  1901,  Mr.  Thein  bought  his 
present  place,  and  since  that  time  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  cultivation  and  to  raising  stock. 
As  a  specimen  of  the  bounteous  crops  he  raises, 
we  may  note  that  on  one-fourth  of  an  acre 
he  raised  six  thousand  six  hundred  pounds  of 
potatoes. 

On  July  4,  1901,  Mr.  Thein  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  M.,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Nancy 
V.  (Moyston)  Forsyth,  natives  of  Pierceton, 
Indiana.  They  were  both  prominent  educators 
of  that  section.  The  father  died  in  1893,  aged 
seventy-nine,  while  the  mother  died  in  1890, 
in  her  sixty-third  year.  Mrs.  Thein  has  one 
brother,  Gelenco,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Huldah 
Smith.  Mrs.  Thein  was  well  educated  in  the 
high  schools  of  her  native  place,  and  is  an  ac- 
complished lady.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Eastern  Star,  while  Mr.  Thein  belongs  to  the 
W.  W.  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Thein  have  many  friends,  and  enjoy  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  all  who  have  the  pleasure  of 
their  acquaintance. 


CHANDLER  BASSETT.  Although  Air. 
Bassett  has  not  resided  in  Okanogan  county  so 
long  as  many  of  the  pioneers,  nevertheless  the 
tireless  energy  he  has  manifested  and  the  keen 
interest  in  its  welfare  and  upbuilding  make 
him  thoroughly  allied  with  its  interests,  and  as 
such  he  deserves  representation  in  any  work 
that  recognizes  so  many  of  the  leading  citizens. 
At  present  he  is  doing  a  large  livery  business, 
in  which  his  skill  in  catering  to  the  public  de- 
mands has  given  him  a  fine  patronage.  He  also 
deals  extensively  in  fiour.  feed,  lumber,  shingles 


664 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  so  forth,  and  is  proprietor  of  tlie  Brewster 
meat  market.  He  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  the  county. 

Chandler  Bassett  was  born  on  February  14, 
1849,  in  Oxford  county,  Maine,  the  son  of  John 
W.  and  Harriett  (Knight)  Bassett,  both  na- 
tives of  Maine.  They  were  pioneers  to  Minne- 
sota, and  in  1862,  while  visiting  in  Maine,  the 
father  died.  The  mother  returned  to  her  west- 
ern home  and  before  a  year  had  expired  she  had 
also  passed  the  river  of  death.  Our  subject  was 
then  but  thirteen  years  of  age  and  had  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Minne- 
apolis. Having  a  friend  who  was  captain  and 
quartermaster  in  the  Seventh  Minnesota  who 
desired  his  company  he  went  with  him.  His 
expedition  was  under  command  of  General  Sib- 
ley who  was  chastising  the  Indians  for  the  ter- 
rible Minnesota  massacre.  The  general  cap- 
tured a  large  portion  of  the  Indians  and  res- 
cued many  white  prisoners  and  our  subject 
was  present  when  thirty-nine  Indians  were 
hanged  for  the  murders.  In  1863,  Mr.  Bassett 
went  to  work  for  the  government  as  teamster 
and  was  soon  promoted  to  the  post  of  wagon 
master  and  traveled  through  Dakota  and  Min- 
nesota and  adjacent  country  until  the  fall  of 
1876,  having  in  the  meantime  made  one  trip  to 
Tennessee.  He  was  wagon  master  for  General 
Custer  in  his  expedition  to  the  Black  Hills  in 
1874  and  was  present  in  many  of  the  hot  en- 
gagements with  the  savages  and  experienced 
dangerous  times,  although  he  did  no  fighting 
himself.  During  the  time  of  his  service  with 
the  government  he  was  married,  in  about  1874. 
Miss  Alice  A.  Goodwin  became  his  bride  on 
this  occasion.  She  was  born  in  Minnesota  in 
1859,  and  their  wedding  occurred  at  James- 
town, North  Dakota,  where  Mr.  Bassett  lo- 
cated, after  severing  his  connection  with  the 
government.  He  remained  there  until  1890, 
and  then  was  appointed  chief  farmer  for  the 
Sioux  Indians  at  Fort  Totten.  Three  years 
later  he  went  to  Palo  Pinto  county,  Texas,  and 
took  charge  of  the  Texas  and  Pacific  coal  com- 
pany's lands  for  two  years.  In  1896  we  find 
him  in  Hinsdale,  Illinois,  and  the  following 
year  he  went  to  Jamestown.  North  Dakota.  In 
1889  he  was  in  W'enatchee  as  agent  for  the 
Okanogan  Steamboat  company  and  in  1900  he 
came  to  Brewster  and  engaged  in  his  present 
position.  Mrs.  Bassett  died  at  W'enatchee  on 
March  6,  1900,  leaving  two  children.  Rose  E., 


wife  of  B.  A.  Griggs,  manager  of  the  Columbia 
&  Okanogan  Steamlxiat  Company,  and  John  E., 
who  married  Miss  Jessie  Renift',  who  now  re- 
sides in  Brewster.  Mr.  Bassett  is  a  member  of 
the  Episcopalian  church,  as  was  also  his  wife. 


FRANK  J.  DONNELLY  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1874,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Har- 
riett (Mason)  Donnelly,  also  natives  of  New 
York.  He  was  educated  and  reared  in  his  na- 
tive state  and  when  arrived  at  manhood's  es- 
tate, took  up  mercantile  business.  He  went 
into  business  for  himself  and  operated  a  tea, 
coffee,  and  spice  store,  for  some  years,  meeting 
with  excellent  success.  In  1900,  he  sold  out  his 
entire  interests  and  came  to  Washington  to 
engage  in  mining,  having  become  greatly  inter- 
ested in  this  industry  in  the  years  previous  to 
that  time.  He  at  first  located  in  Spokane,  then 
later  at  Davenport.  Finally,  in  1902,  he  came 
on  to  Loomis  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  the 
representative  of  some  wealthy  New  York  part- 
ies who  own  property  on  Chapaca  mountain. 
Mr.  Donelly  is  looking  after  their  interests  and 
expects  soon  to  inaugurate  extensive  develop- 
ment work.  He  is  a  young  man  of  good  ability 
and  bright  prospects  and  Okanogan  county  is 
to  be  congratulated  on  securing  him  as  a  per- 
manent citizen.  In  addition  to  attending  to 
the  properties  above  mentioned,  Mr.  Donnelly 
does  considerable  mining  on  his  own  account. 
He  also  deals  in  mining  properties. 


EUGENE  F.  WEHE  is  clerk  of  Okanogan 
county,  and  in  that  capacity  has  shown  the 
merit  and  stability  that  characterize  him  in  all 
his  ways.  In  1900,  he  was  chosen  to  this  ofiice, 
his  name  appearing  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
and  the  majority  being  fifty-nine.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  that  term,  he  was  again  nominated, 
and  out  of  eleven  hundred  and  eighty-six  votes 
he  received  enough  so  that  his  majority  was 
five  hundred  and  two.  No  expression  from  the 
peojile  could  better  tell  the  esteem  in  which  ^Ir. 
Wehe  is  held. 

Eugene  F.  Wehe  was  born  in  ^Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin,  on  April  14,  1868.  the  son  of  Fred- 
erick P.  and  Julia  (Bonniwell)  Wehe,  natives 
of  Germany  and  Wisconsin  respectively.  The 
father  was  brought  from  Prussia  to  this  country 


FRANK  J.   DONNELLY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


66  q 


by  his  parents  when  he  was  three  years  of  age. 
His  father  was  a  weighmaster  in  Germany  and 
settled  in  Milwaukee  in  early  days.  When 
Frederick  P.  grew  to  manhood,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Second  Missouri  Cavalry  and  served  with 
credit  for  the  union.  Our  subject  was  well  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools,  and  the  business 
college  in  Kansas  City  and  then  took  a  position 
as  a  news  agent  on  the  railroad.  Later  he  was 
brakeman  and  then  baggage  master.  On  ac- 
count of  failing  health,  he  retired  from  these 
labors  and  came  west  with  his  father  in  the 
spring  of  1892,  locating  in  Okanog-an  county, 
where  Wehesville  is  now  situated.  Our  subject 
took  land  which  he  has  improved  in  a  becoming 
manner.  His  farm  is  located  near  Alma  post- 
office  and  has  a  good  residence,  barn,  outbuild- 
ings, fences,  orchard,  and  so  forth,  and  is  a 
valuable  piece  of  property.  Mr.  Wehe  handles 
some  cattle  and  has  the  advantage  of  sufficient 
water  to  irrigate  alfalfa.  Fraternally  he  is  affil- 
iated with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  W.  W.,  and  the 
Eagles.  In  political  matters,  he  has  ever  held 
with  the  Democratic  party  and  is  a  true  blue 
defender  of  their  principles.  Mr.  Wehe  now 
resides  in  Conconully  where  he  has  a  tasty 
residence  and  other  property. 

At  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  on  March  4, 
1896,  Mr.  Wehe  married  Miss  Adaline  Ber- 
ber, who  was  born  in  Wausau,  Wisconsin,  on 
March  10,  1873.  Mr.  Wehe  made  the  journey 
to  Milwaukee  to  claim  his  bride,  who  is  an  ac- 
complished lady  and  the  center  of  a  large  cir- 
cle of  admiring  friends.  They  have  one  adopted 
child,  Millard  D. 


DAVID  L.  GILLESPIE  has  shown  him- 
self possessed  of  excellent  business  ability  by 
his  achievements  at  Brewster,  in  Okanogan 
county,  and  formerly  at  other  places.  With  his 
brother  he  has  established  a  store  in  Brewster 
and  secured  a  postoffice,  having  been  postmas- 
ter since  the  establishment  of  the  office.  He  is 
handling  in  connection  with  Mr.  Savage,  his 
partner,  a  cigar  and  confectionery  store,  and 
also  the  Brewster  Herald,  a  weekly  newspaper 
of  republican  politics  and  known  as  one  of  the 
bright  and  newsy  sheets  of  central  Washing- 
ton. 

David  L.  Gillespie  was  born  in  Raleigh, 
Missouri,  on  April  11,  1866,  the  son  of  David 


L.  and  Catherine  (Glardon)  Gillespie,  natives 
of  Ohio.  The  father  served  as  wagon  master 
through  the  Civil  war,  enduring  much  hardship 
for  the  Union  cause.  While  still  in  the  Union 
service  he  died  from  the  effects  of  scarlet  fever, 
while  at  Fort  Scott.  Kansas.  Mrs.  Gillespie 
was  the  daughter  of  French  parents  who  fled 
from  France  during  the  war  and  settled  in 
Ohio.  She  is  now  living  at  the  farm  home  of 
our  subject,  opposite  Lake  Chelan,  in  Douglas 
county,  aged  sixty-five.  Mr.  Gillespie  has  two 
brothers,  Albert  C,  a  merchant  at  Brewster, 
and  William  D.,  who  enlisted  in  the  Idaho  Vol- 
unteers and  was  killed  in  the  first  engagement 
at  Manila.  He  was  married  just  previous  to 
going  to  the  Philippine  Islands  and  his  remains 
were  brought  to  Spokane,  where  they  now  rest. 

Our  subject  came  with  his  mother  to  Kan- 
sas and  there  received  a  good,  common  school 
education,  remaining  there  until  1884,  when 
they  moved  to  Douglas  county,  Washington, 
near  where  Waterville  now  stands.  But  two 
or  three  families  were  in  that  section  and  they 
had  all  the  trials  of  the  pioneers  in  making  set- 
tlements and  developing  the  country.  Mr. 
Gillespie  has  a  fine  farm,  being  one  of  the  first 
taken  in  that  country,  which  is  well  improved 
and  skillfully  handled. 

In  December,  1891,  Mr.  Gillespie  married 
Miss  Esther  E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy 
(McAllister)  Fletcher,  who  now  dwell  in 
'Douglas  county.  Mr.  Fletcher  crossed  the 
plains  in  early  day  with  ox  teams  and  settle! 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  where  he  was  married 
his  wife  being  a  native  of  Oregon.  Our  sub- 
ject was  deputy  sheriff  of  Douglas  county 
under  his  brother.  Albert,  and  in  1891  removed 
to  Chelan  Falls,  where  he  operated  a  ferry  and 
did  a  livery  business,  also  being  postmaster 
there.  Four  years  later  he  took  up  general 
merchandising  and  bought  wheat.  In  the 
spring  of  1897,  as  stated  above,  he  and  his 
brother  opened  a  general  merchandise  estab- 
ment  at  Brewster,  being  the  first  store  there. 
In  1898  he  received  his  appointment  as  post- 
master, and  in  1900  opened  his  present  busi- 
ness and  the  next  year  started  the  Brewster 
Herald.  Mr.  Gillespie  has  secured  the  appoint- 
ment of  Brewster  as  the  distributing  office  of 
the  county  and  is  wide  awake  for  the  interests 
of  his  county  and  party.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Red  Men  and  has  held  all  the  chairs  of  that 
order,  having  also  been  representative  for  five 


666 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


years  past.     He  is  now  an  officer  of  the  great 
council. 

To  Air.  and  Mrs.  Gillespie  five  children 
have  been  born,  Harry  A.,  Alerle  E.,  Claudia 
D..  Alildred  E.,  and  Loris.  Our  subject  is  the 
youngest  of  his  father's  family  and  has  gained 
his  present  gratifying  success  entirely  through 
his  own  efforts. 


FRANK  M.  DALLAM  is  one  of  the  well- 
known  newspaper  men  of  the  northwest.  He 
is  now  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Palmer 
Mountain  Prospector^  which  champions  the  in- 
terests of  advancement  and  progress  in  this 
vast  storehouse  of  resources. 

Frank  M.  Dallam  was  born  in  Potosi,  Mis- 
souri, on  April  9,  1849.  the  son  of  Francis  A. 
and  Anna  M.  (McKee)  Dallam,  natives  re- 
spectively, of  Kentucky  and  New  York.  Fran- 
cis A.  Dallam  was  a  professional  journalist  and 
publisher  and  a  prominent  man  in  his  time.  He 
was  the  founder  of  the  Quincy  Republican,  of 
Quincy,  Illinois,  and  also  prominently  connected 
with  journalism  in  Illinois.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  Rebellion,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D, 
Tenth  Illinois  Infantry  as  captain  and  later  was 
promoted  as  major  of  his  regiment.  On  ac- 
count of  failure  of  health  he  was  forced  to  re- 
sign and  then  returned  to  the  publishing  busi- 
ness until  his  death  at  Warsaw.  Illinois,  in 
1868.  His  widow  is  still  living  in  Minneapolis, 
aged  seventy-five.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  in  the  printing  office 
and  at  the  age  of  nine  began  practical  work  and 
has  since  been  associated  in  the  business  in  every 
department.  In  1868,  he  conducted  the  IV ar- 
sa'a'  Bulletin.  In  1875,  he  was  in  California 
and  soon  started  the  Hayivards  Journal,  which 
paper  he  handled  until  1882.  In  the  fall  of  that 
year  he  came  to  Spokane  and  the  next  spring 
started  the  Revieza.  It  was  launched  as  a  week- 
ly and  in  the  fall  of  1884,  was  put  forth  as  a 
daily.  The  Rez'iezv  has  since  l:>een  consoli- 
dated and  is  now  known  as  the  Spokcsman-Re- 
z'iciiK  one  of  the  most  powerful  organs  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Dallam  handled  this  pa- 
per until  the  summer  of  1888,  when  he  sold  the 
property  and  on  January  first,  following, 
bought  the  Davenport  Times.  That  year  he 
was  elected  to  the  constitutional  convention 
from  Lincoln  county  and  in  the  fall  of   1890 


was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  receiver 
of  the  land  office  at  Waterville.  After  four 
years  of  service  he  was  elected  county  auditor. 
This  was  of  Douglas  county  and  upon  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  he  was  nominated  again, 
but  was  defeated.  In  the  spring  of  1897  Mr. 
Dallam  came  to  Loomis  and  established  the 
Palmer  Mountain  Prospector.  In  July,  1898, 
he  was  called  to  the  Davenport  Times,  where 
he  remained  for  two  years.  Then  he  returned 
to  the  Palmer  Mountain  Prospector,  which  he 
has  since  handled.  The  sheet  is  a  clean  cut 
expounder  of  Republican  principles,  and  a 
cliampion  of  the  interests  of  this  section  in  such 
a  thorough  manner  that  it  has  found  friends  on 
every  hand. 

On  September  24.  1874.  Mr.  Dallam  mar- 
ried Miss  Alice  Luzadder,  who  was  born  in 
Carthage,  Illinois,  in  July,  1853.  To  them  have 
been  born  four  children:  Alice  A.,  wife  of 
George  H.  Ellis,  a  merchant  at  Wenatchee; 
Frank  M.,  Jr. ;  Kate  B.,  a  graduate  of  the  Spo- 
kane high  school;  and  Lawrence. 


LAFAYETTE  DRURY  is  one  of  the 
later  comers  to  Okanogan  county.  His  resi- 
dence is  three  miles  southeast  from  Conconully, 
where  he  has  a  quarter  section  of  very  fertile 
and  valuable  land.  The  place  is  devoted  largely 
to  general  farming,  but  has  a  fine  orchard  and 
berry  garden,  and  Mr.  Drury  gives  special  at- 
tention to  fruit  raising  and  is  making  a  good 
success  of  it. 

Lafayette  Drury  was  born  in  Putnam 
county,  Missouri,  on  April  3,  1859,  the  son  of 
Isaiah  and  Margaret  J.  (Leach)  Drury,  na- 
tives of  Indiana  and  Virginia,  respectively,  and 
now  deceased.  When  our  subject  was  three 
years  of  age,  the  family  came  to  Marshall 
county,  Iowa,  and  in  that  state  he  remained 
until  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty.  The  other 
children  of  the  family  are  named  as  follows: 
Samuel,  Mrs.  Mahala  J.  Daugherty,  Jesse  R., 
Albert,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Kline,  William.  Clara, 
and  James  A.  Our  subject  was  well  educated 
in  the  various  places  where  he  lived  in  his 
youth.  In  1879  he  went  to  Cloud  county,  Kan- 
sas, after  which  he  returned  to  Sac  county, 
Iowa,  and  in  the  fall  of  1884  went  to  Sheridan 
county,  Nebraska,  and  located  a  homestead. 
He  rode  the  range  and  also  improved  his  home- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


667 


stead,  and  was  there  during  the  Sioux  Indian 
uprising  at  the  Pine  Ridge  agency  near  by,  in 
1 89 1.  In  1895  he  went  to  Wilson  county, 
Kansas,  and  there  raised  stock  and  did  farming 
until  the  time  of  his  journey  to  Okanogan 
county.  He  landed  here  on  January  2,  1901. 
Mr.  Drury  bought  his  present  place,  three  miles 
southeast  from  Conconully,  where  he  resides 
and  does  a  thriving  business  in  handling  and 
raising  fruit.  He  has  a  good  place,  well  im- 
proved and  one  of  the  choice  estates  of  the 
county. 

On  May  i,  1895,  ^Ir.  Drury  married  Miss 
Ruth  I.,  daughter  of  Albert  and  Sarah  E. 
(Jay)  Elmore,  natives  of  Muskingiun  county, 
Ohio  and  Morgan  county,  Indiana,  respec- 
tively. Mrs.  Drury  was  born  in  Morgan 
county,  Indiana,  on  August  18,  1876.  She  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Mrs.  Mary 
B.  Clouinger,  Harvey  T.,  Ernest  E.,  George 
A.,  and  Mrs.  Kate  Judd.  To  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs. 
Drurv  three  children  have  been  born,  Ruth  L., 
Ralph  A.,  and  W.  Parnell. 


ERVIN  F.  BRIGHAM,  Dece.^sed.  It  is 
\ery  fitting  that  a  memorial  of  the  esteemed 
gentleman  whose  name  appears  above  should 
be  granted  space  in  the  history  of  this  county. 
He  was  born  on  April  17,  1853,  near  Spring- 
field, Michigan,  being  the  son  of  Curtis  and 
Esther  (]\Ietcalf)  Brigham,  natives  of  IMinne- 
sota.  He  came  with  his  parents  via  New  York 
and  Panama  to  California  when  three  years  of 
age.  They  lived  in  San  Jose  valley,  where  he 
recei\-ed  a  fine  education  and  grew  to  manhood. 
He  came  to  Moscow,  Idaho,  in  1881  and  there 
taught  school  for  a  number  of  years.  In  con- 
nection  with   his   school   teaching,   he   took   a 


homestead  and  did  farming  and  stock  raising, 
at  which  he  prospered  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  on  June  3,  1893.  He  was  a  good  man 
and  was  mourned  by  many  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  Mr.  Brigham  had  four  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Alfred  C. ;  John  W.,  state  senator  from 
Idaho;  Mrs.  Ella  C.  Berryman ;  Eddie;  and 
Burnice,  of  North  Idaho.  On  October  5, 
1879,  Mr.  Brigham  married  ]\Iiss  Emma  Over- 
acker,  who  was  born  in  Jones  county,  Iowa,  on 
July  22,  1859.  Her  parents,  William  and 
Lydia  (Kramer)  Overacker,  were  early  pio- 
neers of  the  vicinity  of  Genesee  and  there  re- 
mained until  their  demise.  Mrs.  Brigham  came 
to  California  in  1878,  to  where  her  uncle, 
Howard  Overacker,  was  living.  He  has  been 
there  since  1849  ^"^^  is  still  living  in  the  San 
Jose  valley.  After  a  visit  there  she  came  to 
Genesee  and  joined  her  parents  in  1879.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brigham  have  been  born  five 
children:  William  C,  dwelling  in  Kipling; 
Frank  H.,  deceased ;  Harrison  B. ;  Fleda  and 
Gladis,  deceased.  When  the  reservation  was 
opened,  Mrs.  Brigham  came  with  her  brother, 
mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  to  this  sec- 
tion and  located  her  present  home  place.  She 
lived  on  the  land  until  the  following  spring. 
The  farm  is  well  located,  being  fertile  land  and 
well  improved.  It  has  a  good  residence,  large 
barn,  and  eleven  acres  are  devoted  to  orchard. 
Since  the  death  of  her  husband,  Mrs.  Brigham 
has  managed  the  affairs  and  has  shown  herself 
to  be  a  skillful  business  woman.  In  addition  to 
her  other  property,  she  owns  the  old  home  farm 
in  Latah  county,  and  property  near  the  uni- 
versity at  Moscow,  Idaho,  and  is  considered  one 
of  the  wealthy  residents  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Brigham  was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Breth- 
ren church  and  his  widow  is  an  adherent  of  the 
same. 


WINTER  SCENE  ON    LAKE  CHELAN. 


WAGON   BRIDGE  AND   DAM  ACROSS  THE  CHELAN    RIVER. 


PART  V. 


HISTORY  OF  CHELAN  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


EARLY  HISTORY  AND  PASSING  EVENTS. 


To  write  a  history  of  Chelan  county  from 
the  time  it  was  organized  from  portions  of  Kit- 
titas and  Okanogan  counties  would  be  a  com- 
paratively easy  task.  At  present  it  is  the  new- 
est county  commonwealth  in  the  state,  but  it 
has  traditionary  and  authentic  histories  dating 
nearly  as  far  back  as  any  other  distinct  section 
in  Washington. 

The  name  of  the  county  is  derived  from 
the  famous  lake  in  its  northern  part.  The 
word  "Chelan"  is,  doubtless,  a  contraction  of 
Chelanic,  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  Indians,  but 
the  meaning  of  the  term  Chelan  is  still  wrapped 
in  ambiguity.  Many  years  ago  the  fur  traders 
following  up,  or  down,  the  great  natural  high- 
way of  the  state  of  Washington,  the  Columbia 
river,  frequented  these  parts,  hovered  awhile 
and  traded  with  the  Indians  at  times,  and  then 
plunged  again  ^nto  the  wilderness  stretching 
away  to  the  northward,  far  up  through  the 
Okanogan  country,  and  even  into  British  Col- 
umbia. Then  came  the  prospectors,  those  zeal- 
ous and  tireless  searchers  after  mineralized 
rock  or  the  more  accessible  placer  mine.  The 
Indians  found  their  winding  trails  along  the 
Columbia  excellent  paths  to  the  ocean.  These 
trails  would  be  far  from  satisfactory  to  the 
members  of  a  "good  roads  commission."  They 
were  not  even  on  a  level.   Onlv  a  skilled  woods- 


man could  trace  them.  Rock  bluffs  rise  abrupt- 
ly and  frequently  along  the  Columbia,  sheer 
from  the  water's  edge,  from  one  to  five  hun- 
dred feet  in  places.  These  must  be  conquered 
and  oft  times  this  could  only  be  accomplished 
by  a  winding  tortuous  trail,  so  steep  that  even 
the  cure-footed  cayuse  could  hardly  master  it. 
Among  the  earliest  to  come  to  this  country 
were  Chinese.  Placer  mining  was  the  object 
of  their  most  sanguine  hopes.  Up  and  down 
the  Columbia  and  its  numerous  tributaries  they 
wandered  and  panned  and  rocked  a  satisfying, 
if  not  an  enormous  volume  of  auriferous  de- 
posits from  the  various  bars  and  creeks.  A 
majority  of  these  Celestials  came  from  Califor- 
nia, following  the  trails  of  Indians,  fur  dealers 
and  miners.  And  thus  it  chanced  that  all  along 
the  banks  of  this  big,  roaring,  treacherous 
stream,  wherever  wash  soil  could  be  found,  on 
which  water  could  be  obtained,  or  to  which  it 
could  be  carried,  one  finds  today  the  abandoned 
prospect  holes  of  the  original  Chinese  placer 
miner.  It  developed  a  fruitful  field;  for  many 
years  it  was  worked  industriously;  frequently 
with  astonishing  profit.  Opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Chelan  river,  where  it  debouches  into 
the  Columbia,  from  the  west,  are  the  ruins  of 
a  Chinese  village  in  what  is  now  Douglas  coun- 
tv.     The  remains  of  this  early  settlement  may 


670 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


be  seen  from  Chelan  Falls,  across  the  river, 
half  a  mile  away.  It  was  built  mainly  of  cedar 
boards  split  from  the  log,  like  shakes,  pegged 
against  upright  posts,  and  roofed  with  logs  and 
brush.  At  present  nothing  but  the  shells  of 
these  huts  remain.  In  this  early  settlement 
there  was  a  store.  It  was  the  first  business  en- 
terprise in  the  country;  the  proprietor  was  a 
Chinese  merchant.  To  the  Chinese  workers 
along  the  river  he  supplied  goods,  and  he  made 
considerable  money.  A  pack  train  of  forty 
horses  he  owned  with  which  he  brought  in  his 
miscellaneous  assortment  of  English,  Ameri- 
can and  Chinese  merchandise.  It  is  stated  that 
no  stranger  ever  appeared  at  this  store  who  was 
not  made  welcome  by  the  old  Chinese  mer- 
chant. 

A  tragedy  tinged  with  romance  is  connect- 
ed with  this  oriental  settlement.  On  one  side 
of  the  site  there  was  a  garden,  now  overgrown 
with  mustard  plants  and  weeds.  It  was  en- 
closed by  a  low  picket  fence  and  a  gate  led  in- 
ward. It  was  a  token  of  advanced  civilization. 
The  proprietor  of  this  little  kitchen  garden  was 
a  moon-eyed  youth  with  a  voice  like  a  muffled 
bell.  He  was  in  love  with  a  dusky  maiden  who 
lived  across  the  Columbia,  on  the  banks  of 
Lake  Chelan.  But  this  Celestial  had  made  a 
peculiar  vow  never  to  declare  his  love.  And 
this  vow  had  been  registered  before  the  great 
joss  of  the  little  Chinese  community.  Hence 
he  was  moody  and  grew  "queer,"  unsocial,  mel- 
ancholy and  distrait.  While  others  flocked  to 
the  gaming  house  he  remained  solitary  and 
alone  in  his  garden.  Until  quite  late  in  the  even- 
ing he  would  sit  there  and  brood  over  his  un- 
spoken love,  when, 

"Night  hung  her  sal)le  curtain  out,  and 
pinned  it  with  a  star." 

So  he  sighed  and  dreamed  away  his  life. 
Everyone  sympathized  with  him  in  accordance 
with  the  old.  old  adage.  "All  the  world  loves 
a  lover."  But  his  friends  could  do  him  no 
farther  good.  One  morning  he  was  found  dead 
in  the  little  kitchen  garden.   No  one  knew  when 


or  how  death  had  come  to  him.  Some  of  his 
comrades  spoke  of  a  broken  heart,  and  then 
they  buried  him  in  the  little  patch  he  had  so 
assiduously  attended.  When  the  village  was 
deserted  no  vandal  hand  disturbed  the  garden. 

Nearly  fifteen  years  ago  this  settlement  was 
abandoned.  The  finances  of  the  old  Chinese 
merchant  were  running  low,  for  he  had  "grub- 
staked" too  many  of  his  countrymen  in  their 
search  for  gold.  In  a  big  mine  up  on  the  Okan- 
ogan river  he  had  an  interest,  and  there  he 
moved,  taking  his  lares  and  penates,  his  goods, 
his  horses  and  even  the  number  of  his  store 
with  him.  One  by  one  others  followed  him, 
and  wandered  away,  up  or  down  the  trail.  The 
"diggings"  are  deserted;  the  village  is  a  ruin; 
the  cabins  the  abode  of  snakes  and  rodents. 
\Vith  the  progress  of  civilization  in  the  Colum- 
bia Valley  these  old  placer  marks  will  disap- 
pear; the  cabins  will  be  torn  down  and  real 
prosperity  will  sweep  grandly  over  the  scene. 

All  this  was  in  1875.  It  was,  practically, 
an  Indian  war  against  the  Chinese  that  drove 
them  away,  but  at  the  time  this  was  not  gen- 
erally known.  Along  the  IMethow  river  the 
savages  began  attacking  the  Chinese  of  whom 
they  killed  several.  The  news  rapidly  circu- 
lated among  their  comrades.  When  the  Siwa- 
shes  came  to  the  settlement  intent  on  its  demol- 
ishment,  they  found  nobody  save  a  few  strag- 
glers. There  were  several  sharp  skirmishes  in 
which  some  were  killed  on  both  sides.  A  cor- 
respondent of  the  S pokes)nan-Reviezv  says : 

"When  the  Indians  reached  a  point  on  the 
Columbia  a  few  miles  below  where  Chelan 
Falls  now  stands  they  discovered  a  number  of 
Chinamen  at  work  on  the  benches  three  hun- 
dred feet  abo\e.  The  savages  advanced  cau- 
tiously and  surroundetl  the  Celestials  on  three 
sides,  leaving  only  the  steep  blufifs  unguarded. 
Then  began  an  uneven  fight.  The  Chineman 
were  unprotected  and  unable  to  escape,  and 
they  proved  an  easy  prey  to  their  savage  an- 
tagonists. How  many  were  massacred  was 
never  known,  but  it  is  positive  that  not  one  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


671 


left  to  tell  the  tale.  It  was  an  awful  fight,  that 
sent  terror  into  the  hearts  of  the  other  Chinese 
along  the  river.  After  that  there  was  little 
placer  mining  done  for  months,  then  one  by 
one  the  Celestials  returned,  but  never  could  one 
of  them  be  induced  to  go  on  the  bench  where 
the  massacre  occurred  and  open  up  the  dig- 
gings again.  Toda}-  they  are  in  exactly  the 
same  condition  as  that  in  which  they  were  when 
the  workers  were  slaughtered  by  the  Indians. 

"Now  the  placer  fields  of  the  past  are  own- 
ed by  settlers,  and  are  fast  becoming  beautiful 
fruit  orchards.  Occasionally  a  townsite  springs 
up  and  some  envious  fellows,  anxious  to  secure 
control,  file,  or  attempt  to  file,  placer  claims  on 
the  land,  but  such  work  is  considered  as  dis- 
reputable among  the  settlers  as  claim- jumping 
and  the  intruders  usually  receive  a  cold  recep- 
tion." 

The  oldest  settled  portion  of  Chelan  county 
is  Mission  Valley.  Authentic  reports  of  white 
men  visiting  this  portion  of  the  Columbia 
valley  date  back  to  about  1863.  But  it  is  well 
known  that  the  nomadic  trappers  connected 
with  the  Astoria  enterprise  explored  the  Wena- 
tchee  river  long  before  that  period.  These  men, 
however,  were  adventurers,  not  settlers.  They 
brought  nothing  into  the  country;  they  carried 
nothing  out  save  their  bundle  of  peltries.  But 
in  1863  Father  Respari,  a  Catholic  missionary, 
visited  the  Indians  of  the  locality  in  an  en- 
deavor to  Christianize  them.  For  twenty  years 
he  labored  and  was  succeeded  by  Father  Gras- 
si,  mention  of  whom  has  been  made  in  the  "His- 
tory of  Okanogan  County." 

Father  Grassi  built  a  log  church  on  the 
banks  of  the  Wenatchee  river.  He  made  his 
home  with  one  Peter  Benoit,  a  sort  of  Archon- 
ic  chief,  who  early  becoming  a  Christian,  large- 
ly influenced  the  Indians  of  his  tribe  to  em- 
brace the  same  doctrine.  The  name  of  "Mis- 
sion" was  given  to  the  log  church.  By  this 
name  it  was  recognized  until  a  town  was  estab- 
lished one  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  westward, 
and  then  the  church  became  "Old  Mission"  and 


the  town  "New  Mission."  Here  the  first  steps 
toward  irrigation  were  taken.  Father  Grassi 
turned  a  small  stream  of  water  flowing  to  the 
river  from  the  mountain,  over  a  small  garden 
patch  and  planted  a  few  seeds  which  he  had 
brought  with  him  into  the  country.  The  soil 
yielded  bountifully.  To  the  Indians  he  taught 
the  elementary  principles  of  agriculture.  In 
the  temporal  as  well  as  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  Indians  Father  Grassi  interested  himself. 
Within  a  brief  time  the  log  church  was  found 
too  small  to  accommodate  the  congregation  and 
a  larger  one  was  erected  one  and  one-half  miles 
to  the  eastward.  For  five  years  he  held  stated 
services  here,  and  then  the  natives  were  left 
without  a  regular  pastor,  being  supplied  at  in- 
tervals from  other  missions.  It  is  undoubted  that 
Father  Grassi's  influence  upon  the  Indians 
made  for  their  best  good.  They  became  peace- 
ful, law-abiding  and  sent  their  children  to 
school. 

Then  came  the  white  settlers  into  the  valley. 
The  productive  gardens  of  the  Indians  .taught 
them  what  irrigation  could  accomplish  in  this 
country.  Among  the  first  to  settle  in  Mission 
Valley  was  Mr.  D.  S.  Farrar.  At  that  period 
he  was  the  only  one  in  the  valley  who  had  hay 
to  sell,  and  the  Indians  called  him  "Hayman." 
He  came  here  in  1883  carrying  a  pack  upon 
his  back,  and  homesteaded  a  ranch.  Other  early 
settlers  in  the  valley  were  Captain  A.  S.  Bur- 
bank,  Mr.  J.  Frank  Woodring,  Joel  Treadwell, 
Squire  Stewart,  James  H.  Chase,  J.  L.  Weyth- 
man  and  R.  A.  Brown. 

T\\-enty-seven  years  ago  Colonel  Merriam 
was  sent  to  Lake  Chelan  with  a  body  of  troops. 
His  object  was  to  locate  there  a  military  post. 
Following  the  building  of  a  saw  mill  prepara- 
tions were  continued  for  the  establishment  of 
the  post,  which  might  have  been  one  of  the  fin- 
est and  most  picturesque  in  the  United  States, 
but  the  project  was  abandoned  and  the  troops 
moved  away. 

The  name  Lake  Chelan  is  derived  from  a 
tribe  of  Indians  at  that  period  under  command 


672 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  Chelan  Jim,  an  athletic,  belligerent  yuung 
chief,  who  stood  six  foot  two  inches  in  his 
moccasins.  He  divided  chieftanship  with  W'a- 
pato  John,  the  leader  of  the  more  civilized  ele- 
ment of  the  tribe  which  occupied  the  productive 
district  on  the  northeastern  side  of  the  lake. 
To  the  trappers  in  the  employment  of  the  fur 
companies  Lake  Chelan  had  been  known  for 
more  than  half  a  century.  But  the  precipitous 
character  of  its  shores;  the  stern,  inhospitable 
nature  of  its  mountain  setting,  long  stood  as  a 
barrier  against  exploration.  Following  the  de- 
parture of  Colonel  Merriam's  troops  it  became 
known  to  the  world  that  Lake  Chelan  was  the 
most  magnificent  body  of  fresh  water  within 
the  limits  of  the  state  of  Washington.  The 
first  white  settlers  along  the  lake  were  William 
Sanders  and  Henry  Dunike.  Sanders  had  serv- 
ed as  a  guide  to  the  engineering  parties  under 
Major  Roger  and  Engineer  Stevens.  In  1886 
he  left  "Wild  Goose"  Bill's  ferry,  on  the  Col- 
umbia, in  a  skiff.  He  came  across  Dumke  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Nespelem.  The  latter  was  a 
cheerful  optimist,  born  and  bred  to  western  life 
in  its  severest  phases.  He  was,  at  this  time, 
living  in  a  tent  and  engaged  spasmodically  in 
placer  mining  by  means  of  which  he  had  accu- 
mulated a  bunch  of  dust  which  he  estimated  to 
be  worth  $7,  but  which  weighed  out  only  $1.50. 
Sanders  and  Dumke  pooled  their  issues  for  a 
trip  of  exploration  through  the  Cascade  moun- 
tains. All  in  all  Sanders  had  $2.50,  and  with 
this  he  purchased  some  flour  and  bacon.  Then 
they  traded  the  skiff  off  for  a  cayuse  upon 
whose  patient  back  they  packed  their  small  be- 
longings and  started  up  the  Methow  in  search 
of  a  trail  through  the  mountains.  Thus  they 
arrived  at  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan.  Then 
came  two  weeks  of  perilous  climbing  over 
rough  ridges  and  across  deep  canyons.  They 
cut  their  way  through  underbrush ;  they  lived 
chiefly  upon  game  and  fish ;  they  came  out  upon 
a  precipitous  mountain ;  they  gazed  upon  the 
lake  sparkling  in  the  summer  sunshine  far  be- 
low   them.      .\nd    here    misfortune    overtook 


them.  In  making  a  perilous  descent  to  the 
water's  edge  their  cayuse  fell  over  a  precipice 
and  was  killed.  Their  stock  of  flour  was  scat- 
tered to  the  four  winds  of  heaven.  Unknown 
to  Sanders  and  Dumke  was  the  character  of 
these  shores  and  they  started  down  the  lake 
only  to  be  checked  before  they  had  proceeded  a 
mile  by  a  bold  headland  rising  sheer  from  the 
deep  waters.  They  returned  to  a  near-by  stream 
and  here  they  found  a  large  cedar  log,  and  with 
an  axe  they  fashioned  a  rude  canoe.  This 
stream  is  now  known  as  Canoe  Creek,  while 
the  brook  where  the  cayuse  was  killed  bears  the 
name  of  that  unfortunate  animal,  Prince. 

During  this  trying  period  Sanders  and 
Dumke  lived  upon  such  fish  as  they  W'ere  able 
to  take  with  hook  and  line.  Full  of  hardships 
and  adventure  was  the  voyage  down  the  lake. 
So  closely  as  possible  they  hugged  the  shore, 
frequently  swamped  and  chilled  to  the  bone  by 
the  icy  waters.  Reaching  the  mouth  of  the 
lake,  hungry  and  ragged,  they  were  fed  by 
Indians.  Subsequently  these  two  men  "squat- 
ted" upon  homesteads.  Settlers  drifted  into 
the  vicinity.  Dumke,  as  full  of  schemes  as 
was  ever  Colonel  Sellers,  declared  his  intention 
of  erecting  a  saw  mill.  The  settlers  only  smil- 
ed at  him,  but  it  was  a  smile  of  sympathy  for 
his  proverbial  impecuniosity.  But  Dumke  went 
westward  and  when  he  returned  he  had  the 
saw  mill.  He  had  interested  a  Portland  firm 
in  the  enterprise;  they  had  "staked"  him  to  a 
portable  mill  and  loaned  him  money  with  which 
to  set  it  up.  Choosing  a  site  at  Crane's  Falls 
he  loaded  the  mill  on  a  scow  and  went  sailing 
up  the  lake.  About  that  period  a  Mr.  Woodin 
had  gone  in  with  his  mill,  and  there  was  great 
rivelry  for  the  honor  of  sawing  the  initial  stick 
of  timber  in  the  Chelan  country.  Woodin  won ; 
the  first  slab,  appropriately  inscribed,  was  for- 
warded to  Dumke  up  the  lake. 

The  latter  had  a  run  of  hard  luck  with  his 
mill.  Tradition  tells  the  story  of  his  failure, 
or,  rather,  several  stories.  One  of  the  most 
plausible  is  that  when  the  water  was  turned  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


673 


to  the  wheel  the  mill  ran  backward ;  others  say- 
that  the  penstock  was  knocked  to  pieces.  But 
no  lumber  was  ever  cut  and  the  Portland  firm 
took  back  the  machinery. 

Another,  among  the  earliest  settlers  on  this 
beautiful  lake,  was  I.  A.  Navarre.  In  April, 
1888,  Messrs.  Johnson,  Hardenberg  and  Smith 
from  Nebraska,  with  their  families,  came  upon 
the  east  bank  of  the  Columbia,  just  across  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Chelan  river.  There  was  no 
ferry.  The  men  of  the  party  went  down  to 
Badger  Mountain,  near  Waterville,  leaving 
their  families  in  camp,  and  there  they  cut  tim- 
ber for  a  raft.  Hauling  it  to  camp  it  was  put 
together  and  the  party  landed  safely  on  the 
Chelan  shore,  selected  homesteads  and  settled 
by  the  lake.  L.  H.  Woodin,  of  Minneapolis, 
in  July,  1888,  procured  a  skiff  at  Chelan  and 
made  a  trip  of  exploration  to  the  head  of  the 
lake.  The  tributary  timber  was  the  object  of 
his  close  examination.  Returning  he  looked 
over  the  immense  water  power  and  the  adja- 
cent agricultural  lands.  Mr.  Woodin  decided 
that  here  were  natural  resources  of  which  he, 
and  others,  might  profitably  avail  themselves. 
From  Ellensburg,  the  nearest  railway  station, 
he  brought  in  his  saw  mill,  the  successful  com- 
petitor of  Mr.  Dumke's,  farther  up  the  lake. 

Until  about  1886  the  region  of  Lake  Che- 
lan was  thinly  settled.  The  history  of  Wash- 
ington shows  that  settlement  has  closely  fol- 
lowed the  lines  of  transportation,  and  the  Che- 
lan country  was  considerably  north  of  such 
transportation;  the  greater  portion  of  Okano- 
gan county  was  enbraced  in  Indian  reservation. 
When  the  United  States  government,  in 
1 88 1,  established  a  post  called  Camp  Chelan,  it 
built  a  road  from  the  eastward  which  has  since 
been  used.  Judge  I.  A.  Navarre  came,  with  his 
family,  across  the  mountains  from  North  Yaki- 
ma, settling  a  few  miles  up  the  south  shore  of 
the  lake,  at  Rose  Beach.  Judge  Navarre  was 
in  search  of  an  ideal  cattle  ranch,  not  townsites. 
So  rapidly  did  incoming  settlers  crowd  in  that 
the  ranch  was  crowded  out,  giving  way  to  the 
43 


first  orchard  and  farm.  H.  N.  Merritt  is  an- 
other Chelan  pioneer,  settling  there  in  1888,  at 
a  point  now  known  as  Merritt's  Harbor,  about 
twenty  miles  up  the  lake  on  the  south  shore. 
Here  Mr.  Merritt  erected  a  comfortable  cabin„ 
hung  the  latch-key  outside  and  entertained, 
many  a  tired  and  hungry  hunter  or  prospector.. 
The  Entiat  Valley  has  a  history  that  is  not 
without  great  interest.  Elder  T.  J.  Cannon 
and  his  estimable  wife  were  the  pioneers  of 
this  district.  Their  daughter,  Dema,  is  the  old- 
est white  child  born  in  this  beautiful  valley. 
For  many  years  Elder  Cannon,  besides  work- 
ing industriously  with  his  hands,  faithfully 
preached  the  gospel  in  the  neighborhood. 

Where  the  Wenatchee  river  flows  into  the 
Columbia  has  been  the  council  ground  in  ages 
past  for  the  war  chiefs  of  the  Chelans,  Okano- 
gans,  Umatillas,  Columbias,  Spokanes,  Yaki- 
mas,  Walla  Wallas,  Malheurs  and  even  tribes 
from  so  far  east  as  the  Bannocks  and  Nez 
Perces.  The  heads  of  these  nations,  or  tribes, 
assembled  here  in  solemn  council  with  Chief 
IMoses,  and  his  remote  ancestors,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Columbia,  a  natural  or  common  meeting 
ground. 

During  the  troubles  of  1877  and  1878  with 
Chief  Joseph  we  learn  that  five  hundred  In- 
dians, decked  in  war-paint,  congregated  here 
and  were  about  to  join  in  an  outbreak,  but 
were  held  in  check  by  the  wily  Moses  and  his 
personal  followers,  who  were  friendly  to  the 
whites  at  that  time. 

To  the  Wenatchee  Valley,  about  1872,  came 
Norwegian  named  Tolefson,  and  for  twenty  * 
years  he  made  his  home  there,  living  the  life 
of  a  hermit.  His  past  life  had  been  a  tragedy. 
Shortly  before  his  arrival  in  this  district  Tolef- 
son was  a  prosperous  fisherman  at  Bomsdal, 
Norway.  ,  He  owned  a  fleet  of  small  fishing 
boats  and  was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the 
wealthiest  citizens  of  that  little  fishing  hamlet. 
Within  one  week  all  of  his  family  died  and 
Tolefson  was  arrested  on  a  charge  of  poisoning 
them.    He  was  released,  but  was  soon  to  be  re- 


674 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


arrested.  One  day  he  set  out  in  a  small  fish- 
ing boat  to  escape  from  his  native  land.  Event- 
ually he  reached  America.  For  years  he  raised 
grapes  and  manufactured  wine  in  the  VVe- 
natchee  Valley. 

In  1892,  twenty  years  after  Tolfson's  ar- 
rival in  this  country,  his  mother-in-law  con- 
fessed that  she  had  administered  the  fatal  poi- 
son, and  that  she  had  intended  to  give  Tolef- 
son  the  largest  portion  of  it.  The  modern  Bor- 
gia was  arrested  and  advertisements  inserted 
to  apprise  Tolefson  of  the  fact  that  his  inno- 
cence was  established.  Circulars  were  sent  to 
the  police  department  throughout  this  coun- 
try. The  police  of  Seattle  learned  of  Tolef- 
son's  whereabouts  and  notified  a  friend  of  his 
-who  lived  near  Ballard.  This  friend,  Erickson, 
by  name,  at  once  notified  Tolefson,  and  that 
gentleman  immediately  left  for  his  old  home  in 
Norway. 

One  of  the  early  settlers  in  what  is  now 
Chelan  county  was  Franklin  Freer,  who  took 
up  his  abode  on  the  land  fronting  the  Columbia 
river,  near  Wenatchee,  in  1873.  Freer  married 
an  Indian  woman  and  lived  here  until  1877, 
when  he  died. 

The  first  white  settler  in  Wenatchee  Valley 
is  said  to  have  been  an  Indian  trader  named 
WcBride.  Where  the  thriving  town  of  We- 
natchee now  stands  he  conducted  an  Indian 
trading  post.  In  1876  he  was  followed  by 
Samuel  C.  Miller,  who  became  the  first  perma- 
nent settler  in  the  valley.  Mr.  Miller  was  fol- 
lowed in  turn  by  Jacob  H.  Miller,  E.  D.  Hin- 
man,  H.  S.  Simmons,  Philip  Miller,  George 
Blair,  Conrad  Rose  and  many  others.  .Agricul- 
tural pursuits  were  engaged  in  by  a  majority 
of  these  pioneers,  who  utilized  for  irrigation 
purposes  the  uncertain  supply  of  water  from 
the  hillsides. 

N.  A.  Brown  and  Thomas  Owen  walked 
from  Vancouver,  Washington,  with  their  blan- 
kets and  frying  pan  on  their  backs,  including, 
also,  an  army  musket  and  a  few  steel  traps 
in  the  summer  of  1884,  arriving  at  Miller  & 


Freer's  trading  post,  September  2,  of  the  same 
}-ear.  They  remained  in  the  cabin  that  winter 
with  Alex  Brender,  on  Brender  Creek,  above 
Mission,  where  they  homesteaded  a  piece  of 
land  two  and  one-half  miles  below  the  present 
town  of  ^Mission,  which  bears  the  name  of 
Brown's  Flat,  (Monitor  Postoffice.)  The 
following  spring  Brown  returned  to  Vancouver 
where  he  was  married.  He  came  back  the 
same  year,  1885,  James  L.  Weythman  return- 
ing with  him,  who  located  a  homestead  of  160 
acres  adjoining  Brown's  place.  They  had 
many  experiences  of  an  eventful  nature,  as  they 
were  compelled  to  haul  all  their  provisions 
from  Ellensburg.  a  distance  of  sixty-seven 
miles.  On  these  journeys  they  were  obliged  to 
cross  the  icy  waters  of  the  \\"enatchee  river 
four  times  on  the  round  trip.  On  one  occa- 
sion they  upset  their  wagon  in  the  water  while 
returning  from  Ellensburg,  depositing  their 
load  of  freight  in  the  river.  A  brood  sow  which 
they  had  in  a  box  floated  down  the  current  a 
mile  or  more,  when  it  landed  against  a  pile  of 
driftwood  and  was  rescued. 

In  July,  1 89 1,  the  many  rumors  of  proba- 
l)le  railway  extension  to  Wenatchee  concen- 
trated into  some  semblance  of  fact.  The  Great 
Northern  Company  officially  announced  that 
the  road  would  follow  up  the  Wenatchee  Val- 
ley, crossing  the  Cascades  at  Stevens  Pass. 
Its  map  was  recorded  in  the  local  land  office 
at  Waterville;  all  doubts  were  dispelled;  real 
estate  advanced.  During  the  construction  of 
this  road,  in  October,  1892,  a  terrible  accident 
occurred,  Monday  morning,  October  24,  at 
8  130  o'clock,  the  track  had  reached  and  crossed 
the  second  bridge  over  the  Wenatchee  river, 
thirteen  miles  from  the  town.  Tlie  end  of  the 
train  and  the  track-layers  had  just  cleared  the 
bridge.  This  left  three  cars  loaded  with  steel 
rails  on  the  center  of  the  bridge.  There  was  a 
sharp,  sudden  detonation,  and  the  Ijridge 
gave  way.  Three  of  the  cars  of  rails,  together 
with  the  W'Orkmen  who  were  manipulating 
them,  crashed  downward  fiftv  feet  to  the  bed 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


675 


of  the  river.  A  coupling  broke  on  the  west 
side,  leaving  two  cars  on  that  end  of  the  bridge. 
On  the  east  side  a  fourth  car  tipped  its  load  of 
steel  down  into  the  awful  chasm  on  to  the  un- 
fortunate meii  who  had  gone  down  with  the 
'  three  other  cars.  This  fourth  car,  also,  broke 
loose  and  hung  suspended  over  the  yawning 
gulf.  Immediately  the  work  of  recovering  the 
bodies  of  the  victims  of  this  terrible  accident 
began.  Of  the  fourteen  who  made  the  awful 
plunge,  only  six  were  alive.  Seven  were  taken 
out  dead;  one  body  was  not  discovered  until 
the  following  day.  The  ninth  unfortunate  died 
following  the  amputation  of  his  leg.  Their 
names  were:  John  Johnson,  James  Wright, 
Daniel  Wakux,  Nelson  Nelson,  Joseph  Brady, 
A.  Olson,  J.  J.  Campbell,  J.  Linville,  and  John 
Leonard,  conductor.  The  wounded  were:  J. 
Robertson,  skull  injured  and  chest  torn  open 
by  a  steel  rail;  George  Nelson,  deep  gash  in 
the  abdomen;  Charles  Anderson,  serious  bruis- 
es about  the  body,  and  right  arm  broken ; 
Robert  Anderson,  internally  injured  and  head 
badly  cut;  A.  Maxwell,  struck  in  the  eye  by 
a  fish-plate  and  both  shoulders  dislocated;  C. 
James,  caught  under  a  falling  tie  and  badly 
bruised  about  the  body;  Henry  Payne,  scalp 
cut  open  from  above  the  right  eye  to  the  back 
of  the  head.  A  coroner's  jury  returned  a  ver- 
dict to  the  effect  that  this  fatal  accident  was 
caused  by  improper  construction  of  the  bridge. 

The  fall  of  1872  was  accentuated  by  an 
earthquake,  causing  a  cliff  from  a  mountain, 
about  twenty  miles  up  the  river  from  Wenat- 
chee  to  slide  into  the  Columbia.  This  ob- 
struction caused  the  river  to  "back  up," 
acting  in  the  nature  of  a  coffer-dam,  and  the 
great  Columbia  ran  dry  for  several  hours,  the 
entire  bed  being  exposed.  The  time  at  which 
this  remarkable  phenomenon  occurred  was 
eleven  o'clock  at  night.  At  daylight,  the  fol- 
lowing morning,  the  ri\-er  bed  was  still  destitute 
of  water.  When  the  stream  broke  loose  it  came 
rushing  down  in  a  column  fifteen  feet  high. 

Early  in  1893  efforts  were  made  to  create 


a  sub-commonwealth  to  be  known  as  Wenat- 
chee  county,  comprising  territory  south  of 
Lake  Chelan,  with  southern  boundaries  nearly 
identical  with  those  of  the  present  county.  But 
the  legislature  of  1892-3  adjourned  without 
action  in  this  direction.  At  this  unexpected 
outcome  many  citizens  were,  naturally,  sorely 
disappointed.  Still,  there  was  subsequent  con- 
solation in  the  fact  that  eventually  victory  came 
out  of  defeat,  and  efforts  then  put  forth  in 
behalf  of  the  project  were  not  barren  of  result. 

Messrs.  Chase  and  Gunn,  who  had  been  in 
charge  of  the  project  at  Olympia  for  six  weeks, 
returned  to  Wenatchee.  Their  efforts  to  ob- 
tain home  government  awakened  sympathy, 
and  the  cause  was  not  permitted  to  languish. 
The  efforts  of  Representative  George  W.  Kline 
were  ably  seconded  by  a  number  of  friends, 
both  in  and  out  of  the  legislative  body,  and  the 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  and  Entiat  countries  be- 
came as  well  known  and  understood  as  any 
other  portion  of  the  state. 

In  June,  1894,  a  conservative  estimate 
placed  the  height  of  the  Columbia  river  at  fifty- 
four  feet  above  low-water  mark.  The  main 
street  in  Lakeside  was  under  water,  and  the 
waves  surged  up  as  high  as  the  porch  of  the 
Lakeview  House.  At  Knapp's  ferry  a  newly 
painted  house  belonging  to  Captain  Griggs,  of 
Virginia  City,  was  carried  away  together  with 
its  contents.  Tons  of  rock  were  piled  upon  the 
bridge  across  the  Chelan  river.  Nearly  every 
farm  along  the  Columbia  river  bottom  was 
flooded,  the  water  being  higher  than  ever  be- 
fore known.  People  living  on  the  banks  saw, 
aside  from  vast  quantities  of  driftwood,  dwell- 
ing houses,  churches,  sawmills,  outbuild- 
ings, etc.,  going  down  on  the  breast  of  this 
stupenduous  flood.  J.  H.  Hintermister,  Dr. 
A.  S.  Hayley,  A.  W.  LaChapelle  and  Louis  E. 
Dart  were  among  those  whose  places  were  over- 
flowed, their  crops  ruined,  their  fruit  trees,  out- 
buildings, and  in  some  cases  their  residences 
carried  away.  The  town  of  Chelan  escaped 
without  material  damage,  but  a  large  portion 


6/6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  Chelan  Falls  was  under  water.  It  was  a 
period  of  sore  trail  and  incalculable  damage 
throughout  the  county. 

This  flood  was  caused  by  a  \ery  heavy 
snowfall  the  previous  winter,  the  heaviest  ever 
witnessed  in  the  Cascade  range.  The  spring 
was  decidedly  cool  with  no  warm  weather  un- 
til yiay  1,  when  the  weather  suddenly  turn- 
ed warm.  All  streams  between  the  Pacific  coast 
and  the  Rockies  were  swollen  out  of  their 
banks.  At  Wenatchee  the  Columbia  river 
reached  73  feet  above  low-water  mark,  rising 
six  inches  above  the  Great  Northern  depot  plat- 
form. At  many  points  between  W'enatcliee 
and  Columbia  Siding,  Douglas  county,  a  few 
miles  east  of  Rock  Island,  the  railroad  track 
was  washed  away.  This  caused  the  entire 
track  between  Wenatchee  and  Columbia  Siding 
to  be  re-located  above  high  water  mark. 

According  to  a  decision  handed  down  by 
Judge  Hanford,  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
court,  in  May,  1897,  three  square  miles  of  cul- 
tivated lands  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Chelan, 
then  occupied  by  white  families,  reverted  back 
to  Indians.  The  action  was  brought  in  the 
name  of  the  United  States  against  A.  W.  La- 
Chapelle,  but  with  this  were  consolidated  seven 
other  suits.  The  decision  of  Judge  Hanford 
applied  to  all  of  them.  The  white  claimants, 
or  defendants  were  A.  W.  LaChapelle,  C.  H. 
Abecrombie,  Charles  A.  Barron,  Enos  B. 
Peaslee,  John  Francis  Williams,  S.  P.  Rich- 
ardson and  E.  Larrabee.  In  explanation  of 
this  rather  hard  decision  the  Spokcsmaii-Rc- 
Z'iczv  said : 

"The  Columbia  Indian  reservation  embraced 
the  land  at  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan,  and  where 
the  Chelan  river  flows  into  the  Columbia.  The 
government  made  a  treaty  with  certain  Indians 
who  ceded  this  land  to  the  government  with 
the  exception  tliat  it  was  agreed  that  Indian 
occupants  not  desiring  to  move  to  the  Colville 
reservation  might  each  obtain  a  square  mile 
where  they  then  resided.  Before  the  land  was 
allotted  to  the  Indians  the  reservation  was  sur- 


veyed and  opened  b}-  executive  order  of  Presi- 
dent Cleveland.  The  allotments  of  the  Indians 
had  not  been  made,  but  as  they  held  land  of 
great  \alue  it  was  soon  applied  for  by  the 
whites,  and  their  filings  were  allowed  by  the 
register  and  receiver  at  Waterville.  A  pri)- 
tracted  fight  resulted  between  the  Indians  and 
the  whites. 

"Long  Jim,  as  hereditary  chief,  occupied  a 
beautiful  home  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  Chelan. 
Chelan  Bob  and  Cultus  Jim  occupied  land  near 
where  the  Chelan  river  flows  into  the  Colum- 
bia. On  this  tract  is  a  spring  which  furnishes 
water  for  irrigation.  At  the  time  this  was 
thought  to  be  an  available  townsite.  It  was 
claimed  that  LaChapelle  drove  Chelan  Bob  and 
Cultus  Jim  away,  appropriated  their  crops  to 
his  own  use,  and  made  complaint  that  the 
Indians  were  dangerous  characters.  Finally  a 
company  of  troops  were  sent  out  under  the 
direction  of  Indian  Agent  Hal  Cole,  who  was 
ordered  to  remove  the  Indians  to  the  reserva- 
tion. They  were  incarcerated  in  the  agency 
jail,  but  were  finally  released  and  a  contest  in 
the  land  office  ensued.  The  register  and  re- 
ceiver decided  in  favor  of  the  white  settlers, 
but  Secretary  Noble,  in  1893  decided  in  favor 
of  the  Indians.  Secretary  Hoke  Smith,  in 
1894,  allotted  the  land  embarced  in  the  home- 
steads of  LaChapelle  and  the  other  white  claim- 
ants to  the  Indians,  directing  the  agent  to 
oust  the  white  settlers  and  put  the  Indians  in 
possession.  LaChapelle  sued  out  an  injunc- 
tion against  Captain  Babb,  acting  Indian  Agent 
preventing  him  from  removing  him  until  after 
trial.  Judge  Hanford  permanently  restrained 
the  agent  from  interfering  with  the  white  set- 
tlers, reserving  to  the  Indians,  or  the  govern- 
ment, the  right  to  bring  an  action  of  ejectment 
for  possession. 

"The  case  just  decided  was  an  action  of 
ejectment  brolight  by  the  government  against 
the  white  claimants.  The  case  occupied  two 
days  in  trying,  the  government  being  represent- 
ed by  Assistant  United  States  Attorney  F.  C. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


677 


Robertson,  and  the  defendants  by  Blake  &  Post 
and  Mr.  Dawes,  of  Seattle.  R.  W.  Starr,  who 
was  then  register  of  the  land  office  at  Water- 
ville,  conducted  the  case  before  the  land  office 
on  behalf  of  the  Indians.  The  court  sustained 
the  contention  of  the  government  that  the 
white  settlers  having  sought  to  file  on  lands  in 
possession  of  Indians  against  their  will,  and 
protest,  were  trespassers,  and  acquired  no 
rights. 

"The  matter  has  been  in  constant  litigation 
since  1890.  In  the  meantime  the  white  claim- 
ants have  made  improvements  of  considerable 
value.  Two  of  the  Indians,  Long  Jim  and  Che- 
lan Bob,  were  born  on  the  land  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  them,  and  the  wife  of  Cultus  Jim 
w^as  born  there.  They  testified  that  their  fa- 
thers' fathers  had  land  there  for  generations. 
The  testimony  was  that  the  whites  came  in 
1890.  Prior  to  that  time  the  rights  of  the 
Indians  had  been  respected  by  the  whites  in 
that  locality  for  half  a  century,  the  Indians  re- 
fusing tempting  offers  to  buy  them  off." 

A  most  peculiar  phenomenon  w-as  witnessed 
on  Lake  Chelan  about  nineteen  miles  above  the 
mouth,  in  September,  1899.  A  singular  up- 
heaval of  the  glassy  surface  of  the  lake  to  a  j 
height,  apparently,  of  from  six  to  ten  feet,  was 
witnessed  by  H.  A.  Graham,  while  at  the  place 
belonging  to  E.  F.  Christie.  This  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  tidal  w^ave  inshore.  It  was  fully 
six  feet  high  and  drove  the  little  steamer,  Kit- 
ten, moored  there,  uppn  the  rocks.  The  re- 
ceeding  of  the  waves  caused  the  vessel  to  cap- 
size and  sink.  For  fully  two  hours  succeeding 
waves  continued  to  lash  the  shore,  but  finally 
the  lake  became  quiescent.  There  was.  at  the 
time,  not  a  capful!  of  wind  from  any  direction. 
T.  R.  Gibson  said  that  at  Mountain  Park,  four 
miles  east,  the  wave  from  this  upheaval  was  not 
over  a  foot  in  height,  and  was  twenty  minutes 
reaching  the  shore  of  the  lake  from  the  center 
of  disturbance.  Officers  of  the  steamer  Dexter, 
which  assisted  in  raising  the  sunken  Kitten, 
reported  that  the  wave  was  quite  noticeable  at 


Moore's  Point,  and  at  the  extreme  head  of 
the  lake.  Judge  Navarre,  who  came  down 
from  ten  miles  up  Twenty-five  Mile  Creek,  said 
that  prospectors  in  that  vicinity  declared  that 
the  creek,  one  of  the  largest  tributaries  of  the 
lake,  went  dry  for  the  space  of  three  hours, 
afterward  resuming  its  natural  flow.  It  was  a 
phenomenon  that  has  not  since  been  repeated 
and  is  attributed  to  a  volcanic  upheaval. 

In  1899  another,  and  more  successful  step 
was  taken  toward  the  organization  of  Chelan 
county  as  it  exists  today.  Following  is  the  or- 
ganic act: 

"An  act  to  create  the  County  of  Chelan 
subject  to  the  requirements  of  the  State  Con- 
stitution and  statutes  in  respect  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  new  counties : 

"Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the 
State  of  Washington : 

"Section  i.  All  those  portions  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  described  as  fol- 
lows, towit :  Beginning  at  the  point  of  inter- 
section of  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of 
the  Columbia  river  with  the  fifth  standard  par- 
allel north,  thence  running  west  along  said 
fifth  standard  parallel  north  to  the  point  where 
said  fifth  standard  north  intersects  the  summit 
of  the  main  divide  between  the  waters  flowing 
northerly  and  easterly  into  the  Wenatchee  and 
Columbia  rivers,  and  the  waters  flowing  south- 
erly and  westerly  into  the  Yakima  river,  thence 
in  a  general  northwesterly  direction  along  the 
summit  of  said  main  divide  between  the  waters 
flo\\'ing  northerly  and  easterly  into  the  We- 
natchee and  Columbii*  rivers  and  the  waters 
flowing  southerly  and  westerly  into  the  Yakima 
river,  following  the  course  of  the  center  of  the 
summit  of  the  w'atershed  dividing  the  said  re- 
spective waters,  to  the  center  of  the  sum- 
mit of  the  Cascade  mountains :  at  the  east- 
ern boundary  line  of  King  county:  thence 
north  along  the  east  boundary  of  King, 
Snohomish  and  Skagit  counties  to  the  point 
along  the  said  east  boundary  of  Skagit  county, 
where  said  boundarv  is  intersected  bv  the  water 


678 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


shed  between  the  waters  flowing  northerly  and 
easterly  into  the  Methow  river  and  the  waters 
flowing  southerly  and  westerly  into  Lake  Che- 
lan ;  thence  in  a  general  southeasterly  direction 
along  the  summit  of  the  main  divide  between 
the  waters  flowing  northerly  and  easterly  into 
the  Methow  river  and  the  waters  flowing  west- 
erly and  southerly  into  Lake  Chelan  and  its 
tributaries;  following  the  course  of  the  center 
of  the  summit  of  the  watershed  dividing  said 
respecti\e  waters,  to  the  point  where  the 
seventh  standard  parallel  north  intersects  said 
center  of  the  summit  of  said  watershed ;  thence 
east  along  the  said  seventh  standard  parallel 
north  to  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  middle  | 
of  the  main  channel  of  the  Columbia  river  wih 
said  seventh  standard  parallel  north;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the 
Columbia  river  to  the  point  of  beginning,  shall 
be,  and  is  hereby  created  and  established  as  the 
County  of  Chelan ;  Provided,  hozcevcr,  That 
said  Chelan  county  is  hereby  created  as  afore- 
said, subject  to  the  requirements  of  the  consti- 
tution of  the  state  of  Washington,  in  respect  to 
the  establishment  of  new  counties,  and  subject 
to  an  ascertainment  of  the  fact  of  such  compli- 
ance, as  hereinafter  provided,  and  that  the  crea- 
tion of  said  Chelan  county  hereby  shall  not  be- 
come operative  to  establish  said  county  until 
such  compliance  shall  have  been  so  had  and 
the  fact  of  such  compliance  so  ascertained. 

"Sec.  2.  At  any  time  within  three  months 
after  this  act  shall  take  efifect,  any  qualified 
voter  living  in  any  portion  of  Kittitas  or  Ogan- 
ogan  county  embraced  with  (in)  the  boundar- 
ies of  Chelan  county,  as  hereinbefore  defined, 
may  present  to  the  governor  of  the  state  a 
petition  addressed  to  said  governor,  stating,  in 
substance,  that  the  signers  of  such  petition  are 
a  majority  of  the  voters  living  in  the  portions 
of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties  embarced 
within  the  boundaries  of  Chelan  county  as  de- 
fined within  this  act,  and  praying  that  in  case 
it  shall  be  found  that  the  constitutional  provi- 
sions relating  to  the  creation  of  new  counties 


have  been  complied  with  that  the  county  of 
Chelan  shall  be  deemed  fully  established :  Pro- 
vided, That  said  petition  shall  be  accompanied 
by  a  good  and  sufficient  bond  to  said  superior 
judge  to  be  approved  by  him  in  the  sum  of 
$3,000  to  cover  costs  of  proceedings  under  this 
act  in  case  the  said  county  shall  not  be  estab- 
lished. 

"Sec.  3.  The  governor  shall  fortliwith 
transmit  said  petition  to  the  judge  of  the  super- 
ior court  of  Okanogan  county  and  the  said 
judge  shall,  within  thirty  days  thereafter,  ex- 
amine said  petition  and  ascertain  whether  said 
petition  bears  the  signature  of  persons  living 
within  the  territory  of  Chelan  county  and  en- 
titled to  vote  therein,  in  number  equal  to  a 
majority  of  the  votes  cast  by  voters  living 
within  said  territory  at  the  last  preceding 
election  as  nearly  as  the  numbers  of  such  voters 
voting  at  such  preceding  election  can  be  ascer- 
tained; if  the  judge  finds  the  petition 
sufficiently  signed  then  the  said  judge  shall 
ascertain  to  his  satisfaction  upon  evidence 
received  in  open  court,  that  the  strik- 
ing therefrom  of  the  territory  proposed  to 
be  set  over  into  Chelan  county,  will  not  reduce 
the  remaining  population  of  said  Kittitas  or 
Okanogan  counties,  or  either  of  them  respec- 
tively, to  a  population  of  less  than  four  thous- 
and, and  that  such  territory  so  proposed  to  be 
set  over  contained  a  population  of  two  tTious- 
and  or  more.  Provided,  hozi-ever,  That  the 
judge  may  in  his  discretion  appoint  an  elector, 
or  electors,  who  shall  be  a  freeholder  residing 
within  the  territory  of  Chelan  county  to  take 
a  special  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the 
counties  of  Okanogan  and  Kittitas,  or  any 
part  thereof,  which  he  may  desire,  so  that  it 
will  show  separately  the  number  of  the  popu- 
lation living  in  such  portion  thereof  within  the 
boundaries  of  Chelan  county  and  living  in  the 
rest  of  said  counties  of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan. 
It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  person  or  persons  so 
appointed  to  qualify  by  filing  with  such  court 
an   oath   that  he  will   take   such   enumeration 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


679 


truly  and  impartially,  and  thereupon  he,  or 
they,  shall  take  such  enumeration  and  return 
the  same  verified  by  his  affidavit,  to  the  effect 
that  he  believes  the  same  to  be  a  true  and  cor- 
rect enumeration  of  such  county,  or  as  the  case 
may  be.  of  the  portions  of  such  county  as  to 
which  the  same  relates,  in  such  court,  and  to  file 
the  same  in  such  court  within  one  month  after 
such  enumeration  has  been  completed. 

"Sec.  4.  If  it  shall  be  shown  to  the  satis- 
faction of  such  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Okanogan  county  that  there  are  two  thousand 
or  more  inhabitants  within  the  boundaries  here- 
in set  forth  for  the  county  of  Chelan,  and  that 
there  shall  remain  four  thousand  or  more  in- 
habitants in  the  remaining  portions  of  Kittitas 
and  Okanogan  counties,  respectively,  thereup- 
on he  shall  make  a  decree  setting  forth  the  fact 
that  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  Washington  have  been  complied  with. 
Upon  the  filing  of  such  decree  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  clerk  of  such  court  to  make  and 
transmit  to  the  board  of  county  commissioners 
of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties,  respective- 
ly, a  certified  copy  thereof,  and  also  a  certified 
copy  thereof  to  the  governor  of  the  state,  and 
to  the  secretary  of  state. 

"Sec.  5.  Immediately  upon  receipt  of  said 
certified  copy  of  the  decree  of  the  superior  court 
of  Okanogan  county  the  governor  shall  make  a 
proclamation  declaring  the  county  of  Chelan 
fully  established. 

"Sec.  6.  The  county  of  Chelan  shall  assume 
and  pay  to  the  counties  of  Kittitas  and  Okan- 
ogan, respectively,  its  proportion  of  the  bonded 
and  warrant  indebtedness  of  each  of  said  coun- 
ties, respectively,  in  the  proportions  that  the 
assessed  valuation  of  that  part  of  Chelan  coun- 
ty lying  within  the  present  boundaries  of  Kit- 
titas and  Okanogan  counties  respectively  bears 
to  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  whole  of  Kitti- 
tas and  Okanogan  counties  respectively.  The 
adjustment  of  said  indebtedness  shall  be  based 
upon  the  assessment  for  the  year  1893;  Pro- 


vided, That  ill  the  accounting  between  the  said 
counties  neither  county  shall  be  charged  with 
any  debt  or  liability  incurred  in  the  purchase  of 
any  county  property  or  the  purchase  of  any 
county  building  which  shall  fall  within  and  be 
retained  by  the  other  county. 

"Sec.  7.  The  county  seat  of  said  Chelan 
county  is  hereby  located  at  the  town  of  We- 
natchee,  and  shall  there  remain  until  the  same 
shall  be  removed  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  law. 

"Sec.  8.  Until  otherwise  classified  said 
county  of  Chelan  is  hereby  designated  as  be- 
longing to  the  twenty-sixth  class. 

"Sec.  9.  Dennis  Strong,  of  Mission,  Wash- 
ington, Spencer  Boyd,  of  Chelan,  Washington, 
and  G.  W.  Hoxsey,  of  Leavenworth,  Wash- 
ington, shall  be  the  first  board  of  county 
commissioners  of  Chelan  county,  who  shall 
meet  at  the  county  seat  of  said  Chelan  county, 
within  thirty  days  from  the  date  of  the  gover- 
nor's said  proclamation,  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided, and  shall  qualify  as  such  county  com- 
missioners by  filing  their  oath  of  office  with  the 
judge  of  the  superior  court,  who  shall  ap- 
prove their  bond  in  the  manner  provided  by 
law;  Provided,  hozvevcr.  That  if  any  of  the 
above  named  commissioners  shall  fail  to  quali- 
fy within  the  time  specified,  then  the  governor 
shall  appoint  a  bona  Me  resident  and  qualified 
elector  of  said  Chelan  county  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

"Sec.  10.  Such  commissioners  shall  di- 
vide their  county  into  precincts,  townships  and 
districts  as  provided  for  by  the  laws  then  ex- 
isting, making  only  such  changes  as  are  ren- 
dered necessary  by  the  altered  condition  of  the 
boundaries  occasioned  by  the  segregation  from 
the  original  counties. 

"Sec.  II.  In  all  townships,  precincts,  school 
and  road  districts  which  retain  their  old  boun- 
daries the  officers  thereof  shall  retain  their 
respective  offices  in  and  for  such  new  county 
until  their  respective  terms  of  office  expire,  or 
until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified, 


68o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  shall  give  bonds  to  Chelan  connty  of  the 
same  amount  and  in  the  same  manner  as  had 
previously  been  given  to  the  original  county. 

"Sec.  12.  Except  as  provided  in  the  pre- 
ceding section  such  commissioners  shall  be 
authorized  and  required  to  appoint  all  of  the 
county  officers  of  the  county  organized  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  of  which  they  are 
commissioners,  and  the  officers  thus  appointed 
shall  commence  to  hold  their  office  immediately 
upon  their  appointment  and  qualification  ac- 
cording to  law,  and  shall  hold  their  offices  until 
the  second  Monday  of  January,  1901,  or  until 
their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified. 

Sec.  13.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law 
said  Chelan  county  shall  be,  and  hereby  is, 
attached  to  the  district  composed  of  Okanogan 
Douglas,  Lincoln,  Ferry  and  Adams  counties, 
'for  juducial  purposes. 

"Sec.  14.  The  board  of  county  commis- 
sioners at  a  regular  meeting  held  within  one 
year  from  the  time  when  they  shall  qualify  as 
commissioners  of  the  said  county  of  Chelan,  by 
an  order  duly  entered  in  the  minutes  of  their 
proceedings,  shall  divide  Chelan  county  into 
three  commissioners'  districts  in  the  manner 
provided  by  law,  and  designate  the  boundaries 
thereof,  and  at  the  next  general  election  in  said 
county  there  shall  be  elected  three  commission- 
ers, one  from  each  of  said  districts ;  the  commis- 
sioner for  district  number  one  to  be  elected  for 
four  years  and  the  commissioners  for  districts 
number  two  and  three  for  two  years. 

"Sec.  15.  For  the  purpose  of  representa- 
tion in  the  legislature  until  otherwise  provided 
by  law,  the  county  of  Chelan  shall  be  included 
in  the  first  senatorial  district,  and  shall  con- 
stitute the  51st  legislative  district. 

"Sec.  16.  Until  the  county  of  Chelan  is  or- 
ganized by  the  appointment  and  qualification 
of  its  officers,  the  jurisdiction  of  the  present 
officers  of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties  re- 
spectively, shall  remain  in  full  force  and  efifect 
in  those  portions  of  the  territory  constituting 
the  said  county  of  Chelan,   lying  within  the 


boundaries  of  said  Kittitas  and  Okanogan 
counties  respectively. 

"Sec.  17.  Within  si.xty  days  after  the 
governor's  proclamation,  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided, the  county  auditors  of  Kittitas  and 
Okanogan  counties,  respectively,  shall  tran- 
scribe from  the  records  of  said  counties,  re- 
spectively, all  records  and  all  papers  and  docu- 
ments on  file  in  anywise  affecting  the  title  of 
any  real  estate  or  property,  real  or  personal, 
situated  within  the  county  of  Chelan,  and  the 
county  commissioners  of  Chelan  county  shall 
provide  at  the  expense  of  the  county,  proper 
and  suitable  record  books  to  which  such  rec- 
ords shall  be  transcribed  by  the  auditors  of 
Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties,  in  legible 
writing,  and  said  record  books  and  papers  shall 
be  delivered  to  the  auditor  of  Chelan  county 
and  said  records  and  documents  so  transcribed 
shall  be  accepted  and  received  as  evidence  in  all 
courts  and  places  as  if  the  same  had  been  orig- 
inally recorded  or  filed  in  the  office  of  the  audi- 
tor of  Chelan  county. 

"Sec.  18.  All  actions  and  proceedings 
which  shall  be  pending  in  the  superior  courts 
of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties  at  the  time 
of  the  governor's  proclamation  hereinbefore 
referred  to,  affecting  the  title  or  possession  of 
real  estate  in  Chelan  county,  or  in  which  one 
or  all  parties  are  residents  of  Chelan  county, 
shall  be  transferred  to  the  superior  court  of 
Chelan  county,  and  all  further  proceedings 
had  therein  shall  be  in  Chelan  county  the  same 
as  if  originally  commenced  in  that  county.  All 
other  actions  or  proceedings,  civil  or  criminal, 
now  pending  in  the  superior  courts  of  Kittitas 
and  Okanogan  counties,  shall  be  prosecuted  to 
termination  thereof  in  the  superior  courts  of 
Ivittitas  and  Okanogan  counties,  respectively. 

"Sec.  19.  All  pleadings,  process,  docu- 
ments and  files  in  the  offices  of  the  county 
clerks  of  Kittitas  and  Okonogan  counties  af- 
fecting pending  suits  and  proceedings  to  be 
transferred  as  provided  in  the  preceding  sec- 
tion of  this  act,  shall  be  transferred,  and  all 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


68 1 


records  therein  transcibed  by  the  county  clerks 
of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties,  respective- 
ly, and  transmitted  to  the  county  clerk  of  Che- 
lan county,  after  said  clerk  shall  have  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  said  office. 

"Sec.  20.  All  records,  papers  and  docu- 
ments of  record  on  file  in  the  offices  of  the 
county  clerks  of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  coun- 
ties, respectively,  in  anywise  affecting  the  title 
or  possession  of  real  estate  in  Chelan  county, 
shall  be  transcribed  and  transferred  to  the 
county  clerk  of  Chelan  county  by  the  county 
clerks  of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan  counties,  re- 
spectively, and  said  records  and  documents 
when  so  transcribed  and  transferred  shall  be 
received  as  evidence  in  all  courts  and  places 
as  if  originally  recorded  and  filed,  as  the  case 
may  be,  in  the  county  of  Chelan. 

"Sec.  21.  All  records  so  transcribed  shall 
be  certified  by  the  officer  transcribing  the  same 
under  the  seal  of  his  office  in  the  manner  fol- 
lowing, to  wit :  Each  book  of  transcribed  rec- 
ords shall  be  certified  to  be  a  correct  transcript 
of  the  records  of  Kittitas  or  Okanogan  county, 
as  the  case  may  be,  contained  therein,  describ- 
ing in  the  certificate  the  office  in  Kittitas  or 
Okanogan  county  from  which  the  same  were 
transcribed,  and  each  officer  so  transcribing 
shall  finally  certify  to  the  completeness  of  all 
records  so  transcribed  by  him. 

"Sec.  22.  The  county  of  Chelan  shall  pay 
to  the  counties  of  Kittitas  and  Okanogan,  re- 
spectively, for  the  transcribing  of  all  records, 
at  the  rate  of  ten  cents  for  each  one  hundred 
words,  including  in  the  computation  the  certifi- 
cate thereto. 

"Passed  the  House  February_  27,  1899. 
Passed  the  Senate  March  8,  1899.  Approved 
March  13,  1899." 

This  bill  was  introduced  by  Representative 
M.  E.  Field,  of  Stehekin,  upon  request.  Three 
men  who  were  especially  prominent  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  new  county  were  Arthur  Gunn 
and  Frank  Reeves,  of  Wenatchee.  and  Repre- 
sentative Frank  Baum,  then  a  member  of  the 


legislature  from  Okanogan  county.  Arthur 
Gunn  and  Frank  Reeves  were  on  the  ground  at 
Olympia  all  the  time  the  measure  was  pending, 
and  did  yeoman  service  in  furthering  the  inter- 
ests of  the  bill. 

By  the  bill  introduced  in  the  house  the  new 
county  was  to  be  named  "Wenatchee,"  and  this 
bill  passed  the  house  in  this  shape.  However, 
when  it  came  before  the  senate  Senator  Baum, 
of  Okanogan  county,  amended  the  bill  to  read 
"Chelan  county,"  and  this  passed  the  senate 
and  was  concurred  in  by  the  house. 

In  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
state  constitution,  a  petition  requesting  the  for- 
mation of  a  new  county  addressed  to  the  legis- 
lature was,  with  the  exception  of  three  persons, 
signed  by  every  legal  voter  in  the  territory  of 
the  proposed  new  county. 

According  to  the  bill  creating  Chelan 
county  it  was  necessary  that  there  should  be 
left  in  Okanogan  county  at  least  four  thousand 
people,  and  that  here  should  be  at  least  two 
thousand  in  the  new  county.  In  May,  1899, 
a  census  was  taken  by  the  assessors  of  Okano- 
gan county  with  the  following  result : 

Johnson  Creek,  north 930 

Johnson  Creek,  south   432 

Reservation,   whites    325 

Reservation,  Indians 415 

Methow   Country    737 

2.839 

Chelan    Country    776 

Entiat  Country    165 

Wenatchee  &  Leavenworth   380 


1. 32 1 
Total  population  of  Okanogan  county  4.160 

This  would  leave  only  2,839  people  in 
Okanogan  county  in  case  of  division.  But  in 
August,  1899,  Judge  Neal.  holding  court  at 
Conconully,     Okanogan     county,     ordered     a 


682 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


special  census  of  the  Methow  country  taken. 
From  this  it  appears  that  the  result  was  satis- 
factory, and  some  different  from  former  esti- 
mates, as  in  November,  1899,  we  find  Judge 
Xeal  at  Davenport,  Lincoln  county,  entering  a 
decree  to  the  effect  that  the  requirements  of  the 
state  constitution  and  the  act  creating  Chelan 
county  had  been  complied  with. 

Thursday,  December  7,  1899,  Governor 
Rogers  issued  his  proclamation  setting  off  and 
establishing  Chelan  county.  A  dispatch  from 
Olympia  stated  that  H.  N.  Martin,  of  Daven- 
port, attorney  for  the  people  in  the  upper  por- 
tion of  Okanogan  county,  would  contest  the 
formation  of  the  new  county  and  try  to  bring 
the  matter  before  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state.  The  grounds  upon  which  this  action 
was  based  were  that  the  provision  in  the  bill 
naming  the  county  commissioners  was  uncon- 
stitutional, in  that  it  took  from  the  gove;fnor 
his  prerogative  of  those  appointments.  Noth- 
ing, however,  appears  to  have  resulted  from 
this  attempt  to  defeat  the  creation  of  Chelan 
county. 

June  6,  1900,  Dennis  Strong,  of  Mission, 
and  Spencer  Boyd,  of  Chelan,  two  of  the  com- 
missioners named  in  the  act  creating  the 
ocunty,  met  in  the  office  of  the  Bell  hotel.  G. 
W.  Hoxey,  the  other  commissioner,  was  ab- 
sent. The  two  commissioners  present  pro- 
ceeded to  organize,  and  Mr.  Strong  was  elected 
chairman.  J.  E.  Porter  was  selected  to  act  as 
temporary  clerk  of  the  board.  At  this  meeting 
James  H.  Chase  was  named  as  prosecuting  at- 
torney. Little  business  was  transacted  at  this 
preliminary  meeting,  and  it  soon  adjourned. 
January  22  the  two  commissioners  met  in  the 
J.  W.  Ferguson  building,  Wenatchee,  and  ap- 
pointed the  following  county  ofticials:  H.  A. 
Graham,  Chelan,  treasurer;  F.  F.  Keller, 
Stehekin,  sheriff:  L.  V.  Wells.  Wenatchee, 
county  clerk  and  e.x-officio  clerk  of  court ;  C. 
J.  Trow,  Chelan,  auditor;  .\le.xander  Pitcher, 
assessor;  John  D.  .\tkinson,  superintendent  of 
schools;  Dr.  A.  A.  Tozer,  Leavenworth,  cor- 


oner. James  H.  Chase  had  been  previously 
appointed  prosecuting  attorney  at  the  meeting 
held  in  the  office  of  the  Bell  hotel. 

Wednesday,  February  14,  news  was  re- 
ceived that  the  Wenatchee  Development  Com- 
pany had  held  a  meeting  the  day  previous  and 
decided  to  donate  a  brick  hotel  building  in 
Wenatchee  to  the  new  county  for  a  court  house, 
a  structure  costing  over  $15,000.  The  fol- 
lowing completes  the  record  of  this  act  of  pub- 
lic spirited  generosity : 

"Seattle,  Wash.,  February  14,  1900. 
"Arthur  Gunn,  Wenatchee: 

"At  a  stockholders'  meeting  of  the 
Wenatchee  Development  Company,  held  at 
Seattle  February  13,  1900,  it  was  voted  to 
convey  to  Chelan  county  lots  15,  16,  17  and  18, 
block  29,  Great  Northern  plat  of  Wenatchee, 
and  the  brick  hotel  building  thereon,  for  pur- 
pose of  court  house,  subject  to  reversion  to 
company  in  case  of  removal  of  county  seat 
from  Wenatchee.  or  in  case  the  property  shall 
cease  to  be  usd  at  any  time  for  county  court 
house. 

"Thom.\s  Burke,  President.  " 

This  handsome  offer  was  accepted  with  due 
appreciation,  and  the  deed  made  over  Febru- 
ary 19,  1900. 

February  2^  the  commissioners  made 
Conrad  Rose,  of  Shell  Rock  farm,  near  Wen- 
atchee, a  member  of  the  board  of  commissioners, 
to  fill  the  place  of  Mr.  Hoxsey,  who  had  failed 
to  qualify.  Chelan  made  final  settlement  with 
Okanogan  county,  August  7,  1900,  and  issued 
to  the  latter  county  seven  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-seven $100,  si.x  per  cent,  warrants,  or 
$77,000.  In  the  settlement  with  Kittitas  county, 
from  which  all  that  portion  of  Chelan  county 
south  of  the  \Venatchee  river  was  taken,  Che- 
lan county  assumed  $29,000  of  its  bonded  in- 
debtedness bearing  interest  at  six  per  cent. 

Prior  to  the  completion  of  the  wonderful 
Cascade  tunnel  the  Great  Northern  Railway 
Company  utilized  a  "switch  back"   in  getting 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


683 


its  trains  over  these  mountains.  The  building 
of  this  tunnel  was  an  extraordinary  engineer- 
ing feat.  The  eastern  terminal  of  this  cavern, 
two  and  one-half  miles  long,  is  Cascade  Tun- 
nel, in  Chelan  county,  while  the  western  is 
Wellington,  in  King  county.  The  altitude  of 
Cascade  Tunnel  is  3,375  feet,  the  altitude  of 
Wellington  being  3,125  feet,  making  a  differ- 
ence of  250  feet  in  the  elevation  of  the  two  en- 
trances. 

Work  on  the  approaches  to  the  tunnel  be- 
gan in  January,  1897,  but  it  was  late  in  the 
summer  of  that  year  before  the  workmen  got 
fairly  under  cover,  and  had  the  compressor 
plants  for  running  the  drill  machinery  in- 
stalled. Eight  hundred  men  were  employed  in 
and  about  the  tunnel,  work  going  forward 
from  each  end  simultaneously.  The  greater 
portion  of  the  excavation  was  accomplished  by 
machinery.  Thirty-two  rock  drills,  driven  by 
compressed  air,  were  employed  to  bore  large 
and  deep  holes  in  the  rock  at  the  end  of  the 
workings.  Charges  of  dynamite  were  then 
inserted  and  fired,  the  blocks  of  granite  crumb- 
led to  pieces,  loaded  on  electric  cars  and  con- 
veyed out  each  end  of  the  tunnel.  Outside  the 
tunnel  the  rock  was  delivered  to  a  large  crusher 
with  a  capacity  of  forty  tons  per  hour,  which 
converted  it  into  fragments.  These  were 
mixed  with  sand  and  Portland  cement,  taken 
back  into  the  tunnel  by  the  electric  railway  and 
used  to  line  the  interior  of  the  tunnel  with  an 
imperishable  wall  of  concrete  four  feet  in  thick- 
ness. The  tunnel  is  twenty-three  feet  high  by 
sixteen  feet  wide.  Huge  exhaust  fans,  driven 
by  electricity,  and  a  system  of  pipes  kept  the  air 
of  this  tunnel  always  pure  and  sweet  during  the 
construction  of  this  gigantic  enterprise.  They 
have  since  been  taken  out. 

Tuesday,  May  2^,  1902,  the  steamer  Ca- 
mano,  '  Captain  Barrett  commanding,  was 
wrecked  near  Entiat  Landing,  the  mate,  A. 
Doval,  drowned,  and  the  crew,  consisting  of 
twelve  men,  narrowly  escaping  with  their  lives. 
The  Camano  had  made  the  landing  for  the  pur- 


pose of  taking  on  wood.  Having  done  so  she 
backed  out  into  the  river,  made  the  turn  and 
headed  down  the  Columbia.  As  her  bow  struck 
the  current  she  began  to  twist,  and  finally 
rolled  completely  over  in  twenty-five  feet  of 
water.  No  satisfactory  explanation  of  this  ac- 
cident has  ever  been  given.  The  boat  backed 
out  under  the  slow  bell,  and  at  the  time  the 
engines  were  not  working,  the  custom  being 
to  permit  the  current  to  swing  the  boat  around. 
WHien  broadside  with  the  current  the  Camano 
listed  and  it  is  supposed  the  cargo  shifted,  as 
she  rolled  over  and  remained  in  that  position 
for  some  time.  Later  she  righted  and  finally 
drifted  on  her  side,  landing  on  the  rocks  at  the 
head  of  Entiat  rapids,  nearly  a  mile  below 
where  the  accident  occurred.  The  story  of 
Chief  Engineer  Schuenman  is  as  follows : 

"The  boat  went  over  without  any  warning. 
I  was  standing  in  the  engine  room  when  it 
sank,  and  started  for  the  door,  finally  swim- 
ming out,  and  I  clung  to  the  side  of  the  hull 
till  the  boat  came  bottom  up,  when  I  managed 
to  crawl  onto  her.  I  looked  around  and  saw 
three  or  four  of  the  boys  hanging  onto  the 
boat.  After  all  that  were  in  sight  were  safe  on 
the  overturned  boat  I  saw  the  life  raft  go  by 
and  made  a  jump  and  swam  to  it,  where  I  was 
joined  by  three  others." 

P.  Stoffel,  the  cook,  said : 

"When  the  boat  went  over  I  was  caught 
under  the  railing,  and  went  clear  under  the 
craft  before  I  succeeded  in  releasing  myself. 
I  immediately  dove  to  clear  the  wreck,  and  was 
coming  to  the  surface,  struck  an  obstruction, 
and  thinking  I  was  still  under  the  boat  I  dove 
again,  although  nearly  suffocated.  I  came  up 
a  few  feet  further  on  and  saw  that  I  had  struck 
the  life-boat  on  coming  up  the  first  time.  I  was 
assisted  on  to  the  raft  by  the  chief  engineer,  and 
was  taken  off  by  a  skiff  some  distance  down  the 
river." 

William  O'Donnell  also  had  a  narrow  es- 
cape, being  pulled  through  a  window  that  was 
so  small  he  could  barely  get  through.     Great 


684 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHIXGTOX. 


presence  of  mind  and  personal  bravery  were 
shown  by  Captain  Barrett,  he  saving  the  hves 
of  two  men  himself.  Mate  Doval,  who  was 
lost,  was  never  seen  after  the  capsizing  of  the 
steamer.  It  is  supposed  that  he  was  injured 
in  some  waj'  and  was  unable  to  help  himself  to 
a  place  of  safety.  Some  of  the  survivors  were 
picked  up  by  the  ferr\-men  at  that  point,  who 
witnessed  the  accident  and  hastened  to  the  res- 
cue, succeeding  in  saving  all  those  on  the  life- 
raft  and  those  who  were  clinging  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  capsized  craft. 

Wednesday,  September  4,  1902,  the 
steamer  North  Star,  owned  by  Wenatchee  par- 
ties, was  sunk  just  above  the  Entiat  rapids, 
near  where  the  Camano  was  wrecked.  She 
struck  a  rock  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  op- 
posite the  rapids.  There  was  a  rush  for  life- 
belts, the  boats  were  launched  and  all  escaped 
in  safety.  Some  of  the  more  impatient  pas- 
sengers gained  the  shore  by  swimming.  A 
participant  in  this  wreck  relates  his  experi- 
ence : 

"The  boat  was  climbing  up  what  is  known 
as  the  'race  track,'  and  going  into  the  eddy 
too  far,  caught  the  current  broadside  and  rush- 
ing across  the  narrow  channel,  struck  a  huge 
rock  amidship  and  stove  a  large  hole  in  the 
hull.  The  boat  hung  on  the  rock,  but  filled  rap- 
idly. The  captain  instructed  all  hands  to  get 
life  belts  and  ordered  the  small  boat  launched. 
One  load  of  passengers  were  landed  and  before 
the  boat  could  return  the  steamer  careened  and 
those  still  remaining  thought  that  she  was  go- 
ing over,  and  they  all  jumped  off  into  the  rag- 
ing torrent,  where  the  waves  were  running  five 
or  six  feet  high.  There  were  twelve  or  fifteen 
persons  who  jumped  into  the  ri\er.  One  lady 
did  not  get  away  in  the  first  boat  and  she 
jumped  into  the  water  with  the  rest  of  them. 
A  skiff  then  put  off  from  shore  and  began  to 
pick  up  those  who  were  struggling  in  the 
water.  Four  men  reached  slvMe  without  as- 
sistance, the  rest,  including  tlie  Indv.  clung  to 


the  side  of  the  skill  and  were  picked  up  by  the 
steamer  Echo,  more  than  a  mile  below." 

December  5,  1902,  W.  R.  Wanzer,  a  civil 
engineer,  residing  in  Seattle,  and  two  helpers, 
H.  Cooley  and  Matthew  Martin,  both  of 
Blewett,  met  with  a  tragic  death.  They  were 
engaged  in  surveying  the  site  of  a  new  power 
plant  for  the  Wenatchee  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Company.  \\'hile  in  a  boat  they  were 
swept  over  the  falls  of  the  Wenatchee  river  in 
Tumwater  canyon. 

Tuesday,  January  20,  1903.  a  serious  wreck 
occurred  on  the  Great  Northern  railway.  fi\e 
miles  west  of  Chiwaukum.  Twelve  people 
people  were  killed  and  as  many  more  seriously 
injured,  aside  from  the  destruction  of  thous- 
ands of  dollars'  worth  of  property.  This  ter- 
rible accident  was  the  result  of  a  tail-end  col- 
lision between  an  extra  freight  and  a  rotary 
snow  plow,  at  a  sharp  curve  in  what  is  known 
as  Happy  Hollow. 

Through  the  coolness  and  daring  of  an  ex- 
fireman  named  Abbott,  what  might  have  been  a 
horrible  catastrophe  in  the  Cascade  tunnel. 
Thursday,  February  5,  1903.  was  prevented. 
When  nearly  through  the  tunnel  Number  4 
the  east  bound  overland  train  became  stalled, 
remaining  in  that  condition  for  over  an  hour. 
From  beathing  the  deadly  gas  that  had  accu- 
mulated the  entire  train  crew  and  many  of  the 
passengers  were  partially  asphyxiated,  ^^'ill- 
iam  Doyle,  fireman,  had  his  left  leg  badly 
burned  from  falling  against  the  fire  box  of  the 
engine,  through  the  effects  of  the  deadly  gas. 
With  the  assistance  of  fellow  passengers  R.  O. 
Sturgeon  saved  the  conductor  of  the  train,  who 
was  found  on  the  ground,  overcmiie  Iw  the 
fumes  and  carried  into  the  smoker.  Mr.  Stur- 
geon said : 

"When  almost  through  the  tunnel  the 
helper  broke  from  the  train  and  the  crew  while 
trying  to  make  her  fast  were  overcome  by 
gases.  The  air  tube  was  broken  and,  of  course 
that  set  the  brakes,  and  until  the  air  could  be 


GLACIERS    AND    GLACIER    PEAK. 
THIRD  HIGHEST  PEAK  IN  WASHINGTON.      THE  LIGHT  COLORED  PORTION  IS  SOLID  ICE. 


RAINBOW   FALLS   NEAR  THE  STEHEKIN   RIVER  CHELAN   FALLS  OF  CHELAN   RiVEI 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


685 


cut  out  our  engine  could  neither  go  ahead  nor 
back  up.  I  was  in  the  smoker  at  the  time  and 
did  not  become  alarmed  until  the  brakeman 
opened  the  door  of  our  car  and  fell  on  the  floor 
in  a  dead  faint.  Being  a  fireman  myself,  I  knew 
something  was  wrong  and  lighting  the  brake- 
man's  lantern  started  out  and  found  the  con- 
ductor and  helped  him  into  our  car.  Ex-fire- 
man  Abbott,  a  passenger,  went  to  the  assistance 


of  the  engineer  and  fireman  and  succeeded  in 
cutting  the  air  and  backing  the  train  out  of  the 
tunnel,  but  as  soon  as  we  had  stopped  the  train 
at  the  station  he  fell  from  his  seat  exhausted. 
We  worked  over  the  men  for  about. two  hours 
and  succeeded  in  reviving  them,  and  then  with 
the  assistance  of  another  engine  securely 
chained,  we  came  through  the  tunnel  and  on 
our  way  east." 


CHAPTER   II. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


At  the  time  of  present  writing,  Chelan, 
with  an  area  of  3,070  square  miles,  is  the  lat- 
est organized  county  in  the  state  of  Washing- 
ton. That  portion  of  its  territory  north  of  the 
Wenatchee  river  was  taken  from  Okanogan 
county ;  the  part  south  of  that  river  from  Kitti- 
tas county.  The  census  of  1900  gave  Chelan 
county  a  population  of  3,931.  The  school  cen- 
sus of  1903  shows  an  increase  of  ninety-two 
per  cent.,  or  a  total  population  of  7,547- 

There  is  no  other  county  within  the  limits 
of  the  state  possessing  the  scenic  attrations  of 
Chelan ;  it  has  already  attained  a  national  celeb- 
rity. Properly  the  county  may  be  divided  into 
two  distinct  sections,  the  Lake  and  Wenatchee 
Valley  countries.  The  latter  is  almost  entirely 
devoted  to  irrig^ation,  the  results  of  which 
have  caused  the  country  to  be  aptly  chritened 
"the  land  of  the  big,  red  apple."  Twenty  years 
ago  the  whole  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Wenatchee  country  was  thought  to  be  a  waste 
covered  with  only  sage  brush  and  scant  forage 
adapted  to  an  exceedingly  dry  climate.  As 
these  grasses  contained  but  little  moisture  they 
were  hardly  fit  for  pasturage;  a  poor  substi- 


tute for  the  succulent  grasses  upon  which  cat- 
tle thrive.  Water  could  be  found  only  in  the 
valleys  along  the  mountain  streams,  but  these 
were  so  much  lower  than  the  average  grade  of 
the  land  it  was  thought  it  would  never  avail 
much  more  than  to  afford  water  for  cattle, 
horses  or  bands  of  sheep,  which  were  then  per- 
mitted to  roam  at  large  in  search  of  food.  But 
along  the  streams  where  this  water  could  touch 
the  sandy  soil  a  surprising  degree  of  fertility 
was  noticed ;  grasses  grew  rank  and  luxurious ; 
the  idea  of  irrigation  was  formulated  in  the 
minds  of  men,  an  idea  that  has  expanded  into 
the  full  fruition  of  the  most  sanguine  hopes; 
an  idea  that  has  reclaimed  hundreds  of  thous- 
ands of  acres  of  arid  waste. 

From  the  inception  of  irrigation,  first  ex- 
ploited by  private  enterprises,  the  Wenatchee 
country  has  made  rapid  progress.  When  the 
wonder  of  creating  fertility  of  soil  by  artificial 
application  of  water  had  been  amply  demons- 
trated, a  rush  was  made  to  secure  land  that 
could  not,  at  one  time,  be  given  away.  There 
was  a  sudden  rise  in  values.  Where  lands 
came  under  the  beneficient  influence  of  ditches 


686 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


prices  ran  from  ^50  to  $100  per  acre.  Great 
orchards  laden  with  an  runount  of  fruit  that 
seems  almost  impossible  for  slender  limbs  to 
bear  without  breaking,  and  fields  of  grain, 
watered  from  ditches,  that  yield  from  40  to  70 
bushels  to  the  acre  sufficiently  attest  the  many 
advantages  obtained  from  such  a  water  supply. 

Throughout  the  whole  of  Chelan  county 
there  are  never  any  extremes  of  temperature; 
cyclones,  blizzards  and  severe  storms  of  any 
description  are  unknown.  A  change  of  ten  de- 
grees of  temperature  in  24  hours  is  considered 
a  rare  occurrence.  By  the  soft  winds  from  the 
Pacific  ocean  the  climate  is  tempered,  and  while 
the  days  are  sometimes  warm  in  the  summer 
the  atmosphere  is  dry,  and  the  heat  never  op- 
pressive with  the  baleful  humidity  so  common 
in  eastern  states.  Once  in  the  shade,  even  the 
slightest  defense  from  the  sun.  and  one  is  al- 
ways cool  in  this  climate,  which  is  far  from 
being  the  case  in  many  other  localities.  Nights 
are  invariably  cool  and  refreshing.  The  aver- 
age temperature  for  the  winter  months  is  26 
to  28  degrees  above  zero,  with  light  snows 
along  the  river  and  lake  front.  Few  days 
there  are  in  winter  when  the  temperature  does 
not  rise  above  freezing  point,  and  it  rarely 
falls  so  \6\v  as  zero.  The  annual  rainfall  is 
from  12  to  15  inches,  this  precipitation  being 
mainly  during  the  spring  and  fall  months. 

There  is  an  extensive  mineral  belt  over  fifty 
miles  wide  crossing  Lake  Chelan.  Within  this 
zone  are  represented  nearly  all  the  precious 
and  commercial  minerals,  with  some  of  the 
largest  deposits  of  gold-copper  ores  found  in 
the  northwest.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
leaf-silver  ores  of  the  Horseshoe  Basin  camp, 
on  the  headwaters  of  the  Stehekin  river.  The 
ledges  are  strong  and  well  defined,  bearing  all 
the  characteristics  of  true  fissures,  many  of 
them  extending  for  miles  through  the  country. 
Particularly  is  this  true  of  the  gold-copper 
leads,  whose  values  run  far  above  the  average 
of  this  class  of  ores. 

It  may  be  truthfully  said   that  the  scenic 


beauties  of  this  county  center  in  Lake  Chelan. 
Enthusiasts  have  amplified  this  assertion  to  in- 
clude the  United  States.  And  it  is  not  for  us, 
who  have  fallen  under  the  spell  of  this  subtle 
enchantment  to  gainsay  them.  The  lake  re- 
gion is  at  once  grand,  impressive  and  awe-com- 
pelling. Lake  Chelan  is  situated  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  Chelan  county.  It  is,  by  United 
States  government  measurement  sixty-eight 
miles  long,  and  from  one  to  three  miles  in 
width,  lying  parallel  with  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  the  county,  which  trends  northwest  by 
southeast.  It  is  one  of  the  deepest  lakes  in  the 
United  States,  which  is  practically  the  same  as 
saying  in  the  world.  Soundings  give  a  depth 
of  1642  feet.  In  "Six  Thousand  ^liles 
Through  Wonderland,"  Mr.  O.  D.  Wheeler 
writes : 

"Lake  Tahoe  has  heretofore  ranked  as  the 
deepest  lake  in  the  United  States,  averaging 
from  1 ,200  to  1 ,400  feet,  with  a  greatest  depth 
of  1,645  f^^t.  Of  European  lakes  there  are  but 
two  deeper  than  Tahoe,  viz :  Lago  Maggiore 
and  Lago  di  Como,  in  Italy.  It  will  thus  be 
seen  that  Chelan  is  one  of  the  few  deepest 
lakes  in  the  world,  and  further  soundings  may 
serve  to  place  it  at  the  head  of  the  list  in  our 
own  country,  at  least." 

Concerning  the  depth  of  this  lake  W.  G. 
Steel,  of  the  L'nited  States  Geological  Survey, 
writes : 

"To  the  Editor  of  the  Spokesman-Review : 
You  will  remember  that  in  1886  I  broke  the 
record  for  deep  water  on  the  American  conti- 
nent by  sounding  Crater  Lake  in  southern 
Oregon,  for  the  government.  You  will  remem- 
ber, also,  of  having  invited  me  to  vist  Lake 
Chelan  a  year  or  so  later.  I  was  very  sorry  in- 
deed not  to  be  able  to  do  so,  but  am  now  exam- 
ining the  ^\'ashington  forest  reserve  for  the 
government,  and  in  that  capacitj-  attempted  to 
sound  the  lake  last  Saturday.  A  steel  line  was 
sent  me  2,560  feet  long,  all  of  which  was  let 
out  in  die  middle  of  the  lake,  without  finding 
bottom.      Have   just   ordered   more   wire  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


687 


everything  necessary  to  do  the  work  thor- 
oughly, and  shall  find  that  bottom  under  any 
circumstances.  This  makes  Chelan  the  third 
deepest  body  of  water  in  the  world,  outside  of 
the  ocean,  the  record  standing:  Lake  Baikal, 
in  Siberia,  4,000  feet;  the  Caspian  Sea,  3,000 
feet;  Lake  Chelan,  2,560,  plus — which  means, 
we  are  after  second  place  and  have  good  hopes 
of  beating  the  Caspian  Sea.  Before  Saturday 
last  Crater  Lake  held  the  third  place. 

.      "W.  G.  Steel. 

"U.  S.  Geological  Survey." 

Two  years  later  it  was  discovered  by  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  that  there  had 
been  a  kink  in  the  steel  line  used  by  Mr.  Steel, 
and  the  actual  depth  of  the  lake  was  ascertained 
to  be  something  over  1,600  feet,  thus  placing 
Lake  Chelan  well  up  in  among  the  deepest  lakes 
in  the  world. 

The  water  of  Lake  Chelan  is  of  wonderful 
clarity  and  purity.  Submerged  boulders  off 
shore  may  be  easily  seen  at  a  depth  of  between 
30  and  40  feet,  but  generally  the  immense 
depth  of  water  imparts  to  the  surface  of  the 
lake  an  inky  blackness.  Of  the  water's  purity 
it  may  be  truthfully  affirmed  that  whenever  it 
is  dipped,  near  shore  or  far  from  land,  it  con- 
tains no  trace  of  vegetable  or  organic  matter. 
Precipitous  and  adamantine  are  the  shores, 
with  here  and  there  a  low  point  jutting  out, 
strewn  with  boulders  or  covered  with  coarse 
granite  sand.  The  prevailing  formation  is 
granite,  with  occasionally  a  limestone  contact. 
On  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Columbia  river 
basalt  is  common  enough,  but  along  the  lake 
not  the  smallest  quantity  is  to  be  found.  At  fre- 
quent intervals  a  torrent  comes  leaping  over  the 
cliffs,  to  be  dissolved  in  a  shimmering  mass  of 
spray  and  foam  before  it  strikes  the  blue-black 
waters  of  the  lake. 

Whether  clothed  in  summer  verdure,  cling- 
ing vines  and  lovely  blossoms,  or  when  winter's 
snow  comes  scurrying  through  the  air.  Lake 
Chelan  is  stil  incomparably  beautiful.  To  many 
the  scenery  of  winter  will  more  attractively  ap- 


peal ;  when  its  surrounding  foot-hills  and  buttes 
are  draped  in  spotless  white;  the  mountain 
crags  of  the  lower  Cascades  clad  in  evergreen 
forests,  overspread  with  winter's  lace  work, 
Truly  it  is  an  enchanted  region,  winter  or  sum- 
mer. No  Pacific  coast  tourist  should  fail  to 
visit  Chelan,  for  it  is  to  Washington  what  the 
Yosemite  Valley  is  to  California.  Steamers 
ply  its  entire  length,  passing,  en  route,  a  won- 
derful natural  panorama.  Owing  to  its  pic- 
turesque and  magnificent  mountain  environ- 
ment, combined  with  rare  climatic  conditions, 
as  well  as  the  many  side  attractions  of  hunting, 
fishing,  boating,  mining,  recreation,  etc..  Lake 
Chelan  is  yearly  becoming  more  famous  as  riv- 
aling the  most  celebrated  scenic  attractions  or 
more  prominent  health  and  pleasure  resorts, 
either  in  the  new  or  old  world.  It  is  the  testi- 
mony of  the  inhabitants  of  the  lake  district  that 
each  year  witnesses  a  doubling  of  the  annual 
tourist  travel.  It  is  not  a  matter  of  surprise 
that  upon  such  a  magnificent  sheet  of  water, 
amid  a  settling  of  such  wonderful  natural  at- 
tractions that  there  are  places  more  ideally 
perfect  than  others  for  the  purpose  of  resorts. 
Amid  a  multitude  of  pleasure,  health  and 
wealth  seekers  different  localities  will  naturally 
appeal  to  different  temperaments.  People 
have  seized  upon  this  fact,  with  the  result  that 
the  shores  of  Lake  Chelan  boast  of  a  number  of 
tourists'  resorts.  Prominent  among  these  are 
jMoore's  and  Stehekin,  with  innumerable  camp- 
ing localities  between. 

A  disciple  of  the  gentle  Isaac  Walton  will 
not  find  himself  an  incongruity  along  the 
shores  of  Lake  Chelan.  He  is  the  right  man  in 
the  right  place.  The  sport  is  ample.  There  are 
in  the  state  of  Washington  numerous  streams 
where  trout-fishing  is  par  excellence.  But,  as 
with  many  other  things,  it  is  on  Lake  Chelan 
that  the  art  of  enticing  several  varieties  of 
trout  from  the  ultramarine  depths  attains  its 
highest  embodiment.  There  are  two  principal 
species  of  trout,  the  rainbow,  or  common  lake 
trout,   and    the    "Dolly   Varden,"    colloquially 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


known  as  "bull  trout."  During  the  spring  and 
fall  months  they  take  a  troll  as  bait  better  than 
at  other  times.  It  is  not  an  unusual  thing  for 
parties  to  report  a  killing  of  from  50  to  100 
pounds,  the  result  of  three  or  four  hours  fish- 
ing. In  the  streams  flowing  into  the  lake,  not- 
ably First  Creek,  Twenty-five  Mile,  Railroad 
and  Fish  creeks,  are  thousands  of  brook,  or 
mountain  trout,  measuring  from  three  to  ten 
inches  in  length.  There  is  excellent  fishing  also 
in  the  headwaters  of  the  Stehekin,  Bridge 
Creek  and  the  Agnes.  The  last  Washington 
legislature,  (1902-3)  made  an  appropriation 
for  a  fish  hatchery,  which  is  now  being  erected 
at  Stehekin,  for  the  purpose  of  restocking  the 
lake  with  its  present  varieties  and,  also,  adding 
to  the  list  the  great  lake  trout  and  Lake  Super- 
ior white  fish.  There  is  still  another  fish  in  the 
lake  known  as  the  cusk,  a  deep  water  fish,  sel- 
dom or  never  seen  alive,  and  which  requires 
deep  sea  fishing  to  secure.  It  is  a  claimed  that 
the  cusk  is  quite  destructive  to  trout.  Several 
years  ago  a  party  of  campers  on  Railroad 
Creek  discovered  a  dead  cusk  floating  among 
some  driftwood.  The  specimen  was  about  two 
feet  in  length,  and  had  partially  swallowed  a 
large  bull  trout.  Being  unable  to  complete  the 
deglutition  or  eject  its  prey  from  its  mouth, 
the  cusk  had  succumbed  to  death. 

The  pen  of  the  most  clever  word  painter 
fails  utterly  to  even  approach  justice  in  an  at- 
tempted description  of  the  manifold  beauties 
of  Lake  Chelan.  The  nearest  approach  to  a 
graphic  delineation  of  its  attractions  is  from 
the  lips  of  an  enthusiastic  tourist,  fresh  from 
the  scene.  To  be  appreciated  the  lake  must  be 
visited,  must  be  traversed,  taken  into  commun- 
ion of  spirit,  a  heart-to-heart  investigation  of 
line  of  nature's  most  picturesque  features.  Let 
tlie  reader  sail  with  us  upon  the  waters  of  this 
mountain  gem. 

We  come  full  upon  the  lake  at  its  south- 
eastern extremity,  its  foot  situated  at  the  base 
and  under  the  shadows  of  the  lofty  Cascades 
in  eastern  Washington.    It  lies  just  beyond  the 


Big  Bend  country,  separated  from  that  land 
of  mammoth  wheat  crops  by  the  Columbia 
river.  Through  the  Chelan  river  the  lake  drains 
into  the  Columbia,  the  Chelan  being  about  three 
miles  in  length.  Over  a  rocky  bed  the  river 
flows  in  its  first  reaches,  thence  plunging 
into  a  canyon  where  it  breaks  into  an  avalanche 
of  cascades,  falls  and  rapids.  Viewed  from 
the  road  above  or  from  the  water's  edge  the 
sight  is  beautiful.  Emerging  from  tHe  mouth 
of  the  canyon  the  stream  plunges  onward  down 
to  the  bottom  lands  bordering  the  Columbia, 
leaping  huge  boulders  and  forming  what  is 
known  as  Chelan  Falls.  Water  power  ex- 
perts will  realize  the  value  of  this  stream  when 
told  that  in  the  course  of  three  miles  the  fall  is 
over  376  feet. 

From  the  foot  of  the  lake  we  obtain  a  view 
extending  northwest  twelve  miles.  This  is  not 
the  end  of  the  lake,  although  appearances 
would  indicate  it.  Here  where  the  view  is  ob- 
structed, it  bends  to  the  south,  and  it  is  this 
sharp  turn  that  obstructs  our  view.  Perhaps 
this  first  inspection  of  the  lake  is  disappointing. 
The  crags,  the  mountain  crests,  the  mighty 
domes  and  bluffs  we  came  to  see  are  not  here, 
but  farther  up  the  lake.  Let  us  take  a  boat — the 
winter  boat,  perchance  the  famous  "Flyer." 
The  craft  creeps  out  upon  the  ultramarine  blue, 
a  shade  seen  on  waters  only  of  stupendous 
depths,  and  now  the  mountains  and  hills  rise  in 
low  terraces,  gentle,  rounded,  a  scene  which 
may  be  described  as  pretty,  but  not  yet  sublime. 
This  is  only  the  preliminary  of  the  witchery — 
the  transformation  scene  comes  later. 

The  Flyer  having  made  the  first  turn  in  the 
lake  we  are  brought  face  to  face  with  banks  in- 
creasing in  height,  imposing,  precipitous  flanks. 
Do  you  see  that  mountain  side  on  the  left,  cleft 
as  sheer  and  straight  as  a  knife  would  cut 
through  a  mammoth  cheese?  There,  aeons 
ago,  was  a  mighty  avalanche,  a  slide  that  de- 
posited the  whole  face  of  a  gigantic  mountain 
in  the  waters  of  the  lake.  Another  turn  to  the 
left  and  a  more  magnificent  view  presents  itself. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


689 


a  reincarnation  of  power,  grandeur,  sublimity, 
a  realm  that  might  appropriately  be  dedicated 
to  a  mountain  god — a  scene  rivalling  Goethe's 
"Night  on  the  Brocken."  But  just  ahead  of 
us  are  the  "Narrows."  Here  the  mountains 
lean  toward  each  other,  as  though  in  whispered 
consultation — plotting  some  catclysm  of  na- 
ture with  which  to  overwhelm  the  adventurous 
tourist.  And  now  the  snowy  peaks  rise  in  the 
distance.  These  old  hills  fall  back  a  bit  at 
Twenty -five  Mile  Creek,  exposing  a  large,  cir- 
cular opening  of  bench  land,  a  point  of  ex- 
quisite beauty.  A  sheltering  nook,  as  its  name 
implies,  is  Safety  Harbor,  on  the  other  shore, 
to  the  right.  It  lies  just  around  a  monstrous 
blufif,  a  crescent-shaped  enclosure  winding 
gentl)'  back  into  the  !Methow  ranges.  We  have 
won  our  way  to  Twenty-five  Mile,  and  yet  the 
scenic  beauties  are  not  all  that  fancy  painted. 
No  awe-compelling  mountain  heights  have 
claimed  rapt  attention,  particularl}'  on  the  east- 
ern side  of  the  lake.  But  perhaps  the  western 
exposure  has  grown  in  stature,  and,  mayhap, 
at  times  there  has  stolen  over  us  a  scene  of  im- 
pending confirmation  of  our  most  ardent  hopes. 
The  oncoming  enchantment  is  not  sudden — the 
spell  is  gradual.  The  gap  in  the  range,  the 
open  savannahs,  the  slimly  wooded  terraces, 
with  the  houses  of  the  ranch  people  glinting 
along  the  shore  or  nestling  in  the  vistas  of  wild 
woodland,  have  all  served  their  turn  in  check- 
ing the  awe,  or  at  least  the  effect  of  it,  of  the 
now  overpowering  mountain  wall. 

Shakespeare  has  written,  "Everything 
must  suffer  a  sea  change."  But  we  are  now  to 
pass  through  a  combination  of  sea  and  land 
changes  of  whose  wonders  none  can  write  with 
satisfying  result.  The  transformation  takes 
place  at  the  "Narrows."  Here  fret  and  chafe 
the  waters  of  the  lake  that  erstwhile  had  been 
placid  as  the  face  a  sleeping  infant  in  a  crib. 
Hurtling  down  from  the  Alpine  snows  and  the 
srags  far  ahead  sweeps  the  wind.  And  the 
mountains!  They  loom  now  in  colossal  gran- 
deur.    To  the  right,  to  the  left,  the  same  gi- 


gantic forms  stand  forth  from  frames  of  mam- 
moth proportion — frames  formed  by  the  wide 
horizon  alone.     The  poet  has  sung: 

"It's  up  among  the  Rockies  where  the  clouds. 
are  hanging  low, 

And  the  mountains  stand  like  pictures,  like- 
pictures  in  a  row." 

But  no  such  pictures  as  these  were  ever  pre- 
sented by  the  Rockies.  No  such  stupendous 
heights,  gigantic  domes,  cavernous  precipices 
carved  and  fluted  with  ravines  and  canyons. 
We  begin  to  feel  like  pigmies — Lilliputians  on 
the  Brobdingnagian  palm  of  mighty  nature. 
"Than  Chelan  there  is  no  more  beautiful 
sheet  of  water  in  the  world."  This  is  what 
has  been  said  of  it  and  reiterated.  We  are 
speeding  onward  to  the  head  of  the  lake.  Be- 
hind the  vista  at  our  wake  is  more  pituresque 
than  it  was  when  we  faced  it  lower  down  the 
lake.  But  ahead  of  us!  Mountains  rise  seem- 
ingly out  of  the  inky  bosom  of  the  waters  and 
pierce  the  skies;  where  the  wind  fails  to  stir 
the  lake  huge  reflections  of  mountains  vastness 
plunge  downward  into  the  depths  which  have 
become  gigantic  mirrors,  doubling  the  sublim- 
ity of  all  the  surrounding  scenery.  It  is  and  is 
not  duplication.  These  reflections  are  as  power- 
ful and  real  as  are  the  timbered  mountains 
themselves.  Tinkling  cascades  boil  and  tim- 
ble  down  the  hig-hts,  mainly  on  the  western 
shore.  Would  you  see  them  at  the  acme  of 
their  beauty?  Come  in  the  spring  time  when 
the  condensing  snow  swells  these  gentle 
streamlets  into  mountain  torrents.  When  the 
soft,  musical  tinkle  rises  into  the  hoarse  roar 
of  a  mighty  flood. 

Bare  and  brown  is  Round  Mountain,  a 
withered  bluff  rising  several  hundred  feet  from 
an  imposing  precipice.  No  soil  can  be  de- 
tected on  its  repellant  face,  and  it  uplifts  by  a 
series  of  terraces,  a  formation  peculiar  to  this 
entire  country.  Under  the  wails  of  this  moun- 
tain skirts  the  Flyer,  and  under  the  Flyer  at 
this  point  hangs  a  wall  of  water,  the  deepest 


690 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  the  lake.  The  Flyer  has  borne  us  into  a 
Avilderness  of  everlasting  hills.  Like  the  oppos- 
ing hosts  of  armies,  on  the  verge  of  combat, 
3et  forever  petrified,  they  stand  arrayed  against 
a  background  of  loftier  heights.  And  how 
vastly  different  the  configuration  of  these  an- 
tagonistic mountains!  Of  the  eastern  range 
the  masses  nearest  to  us  are  not  so  ravaged  by 
'Canyons.  A  feature  of  this  side  is  the  dome- 
like structure  of  many  of  precipital  walls  ris- 
ing from  the  water's  edge.  These  overhanging 
clififs  are  not  only  in  their  entirety  dome- 
shaped,  but  their  faces  are  pinched  and 
weather-beaten  into  a  multitude  of  lesser 
domes.  Some  of  the  flutings  or  grooves  are 
hundreds  of  feet  long.  What  cut  them  so 
sheer  and  clearly?  Mountain  streams  that  in 
spring  and  summer  bound  down  these  natural 
viaducts  to  the  sombre  lake  below.  Black  Cap 
is  now  in  view,  a  towering  rounded  rock,  faced 
into  a  bald  bluflf  and  boldly  confronting  the 
lake.  It  long  holds  our  attention.  Mark  now 
the  pronounced  difference  between  the  eastern 
and  western  shores.  Of  loftier  height  is  the 
western,  of  greater  variety  of  form,  more  ex- 
uberant foliage,  deeper  canyons  and  more  im- 
posing gorges.  Into  all  descriptions  of  monu- 
mental forms  Father  Time  has  carved  the  sum- 
mits thousands  of  feet  above  us.  Pyramidal 
crags,  sharp,  incisive  peaks,  oblong  heads,  bat- 
tlemented  walls,  turreted  clififs,  imagination 
can  supply  almost  any  mediaeval  or  feudal  pic- 
ture desired  from  the  configurations,  and  they 
all  shoot  toward  the  zenith,  whichever  way 
3'ou  look. 

From  scenery  so  bewildering  and  overpow- 
ering it  is  a  relief  to  turn  and  contemplate  the 
more  quiet  aspect  of  the  lake.  We  are  now 
nearing  the  head  of  these  wonderful  waters 
into  which  flows  the  little  Stehekin  river.  The 
north  wind  has  sent  white  caps  scurrying 
southward,  and  there  is  a  perceptible  roll  to  the 
Flyer.  Here  is  a  paradox.  Over  the  port  rail 
of  the  steamer  the  water  is  deep  green,  glinted 
by  slanting  rays  of  the  declining  sun.    On  the 


starboard  quarter  it  is  the  glorious  blue  which 
we  have  noticed  since  leaving  the  foot  of  the 
lake.  And  in  the  wake  the  churning  wheel 
throws  foam  and  spray,  revealing  millions  of 
dancing  crystals,  and  all  of  varying  hues.  Far 
to  the  left  is  a  scene  not  to  be  witnessed  from 
the  deck  of  the  Flyer.  With  the  aid  of  a  small 
rowboat  we  gain  a  mighty  cliff  named  "The 
Painted  Rocks."  Here  nature  and  rude  art 
combine.  High  up  on  the  face  of  this  clifT,  yet 
fifty  feet  below  the  summit  is  a  series  of  gro- 
tesque designs,  done  in  artificial  pigments  by 
Indians.  The  pictures  represent,  crudely,  yet 
plainly  enough,  men  and  horses.  No  one  has 
yet  come  forward  with  an  explanation  satis- 
factory to  us  as  to  how  these  savages  scaled  the 
precipitous  height  to  paint  the  pictures.  The 
proof  that  they  did  so  is  before  us.  This  is 
another  addition  to  the  wonders  of  the  world. 
It  is  something  that  could  appropriately  be  in- 
corporated in  Wendell  Phillips'  celebrated  lec- 
ture on  the  "Lost  Arts." 

And  now,  Chelan,  farewell.  The  shadows 
creep  along  the  shores,  the  giant  pictures  in 
\our  depths  fade  with  the  declining  sun 
Night  wears  on  apace  and  all  nature  seems 
bathed  in  a  supernatural  light.  The  uT^^r. 
climbs  over  a  mountain  crag  and  hangs  Tke 
a  brazen  shield  in  the  evening  sky.  Lc'.  us 
leave  the  boat  and  repair  to  a  comfor<-able 
hotel,  there  to  disillusion  ourselves,  to  exor- 
cise the  spell  that  long  hath  bound  us  and  free 
ourselves  from  an  enthusiasm  which  only  a 
night's  rest  can  overcome. 

The  elevation  of  Lake  Chelan  is  gi\-en  by  the 
L^nited  States  Geological  Survey  as  1,079  ^^^^ 
above  sea  level.  The  distance  from  Wenat- 
chee,  via  the  Columbia  river,  is  40  miles;  the 
climate  is  mild ;  the  trout  fishing  superb.  Lying 
west  of  the  Columbia  three  miles  it  is  the  larg- 
est body  of  fresh  water  within  the  limits  of  the 
state  of  Washington.  It  is  fed  by  glaciers  and 
is  navigable  for  the  largest  vessels,  much  larger 
craft  than  the  commercial  enterprise  of  the  sur- 
rounding country  will  warrant.     Althongh  it 


VIEW' ON   LAKE  CHELAN. 


LAKE  CHELAN.     VIEW  FROM   MOORE'S   POINT. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


691 


is  only  three  miles  from  the  Columbia  river, 
its  elevation  is  nearly  four  hundred  feet  above 
that  stream.  Rarely  does  the  mercury  drop 
below  zero  in  the  vicinity  of  the  lake.  What  is 
known  as  the  foot  of  the  lake  is  about  midway 
between  Seattle  and  Spokane;  the  lands  sur- 
rounding it  are  open  to  the  successful  cultiva- 
tion of  almost  every  description  of  agricultural 
products.  The  prevailing  winds  are  from  the 
west  in  summer ;  from  the  east  during  the  win- 
ter months.  The  mountains  are  more  or  less 
timbered,  heavily  in  some  localities,  the  quality 
being  excellent  sawmill  timber.  The  nearest 
railroad  facilities  are  at  Wenatchee,  from  which 
point  connection  is  made  by  steamers  on  the 
Columbia.  Of  game  there  is  an  abundance  in 
the  vicinity  at  all  seasons  of  the  year;  grouse, 
prairie  chickens,  ducks,  geese  and  swans  are 
plentiful,  and  the  neighboring  mountains  are 
the  natural  haunts  of  the  bear,  cougar,  deer, 
goat  and  various  other  animals  falling  within 
the  classification  of  "big  game."  Six  steamers 
and  several  gasoline  launches  ply  the  lake  at 
present.  Among  them  are  the  Stehekin  (mail 
steamer),  Flyer,  Dexter,  Swan,  Lady  of  the 
Lake,  Rustler,  Mountaineer  and  Vixen.  For 
fifteen  miles  along  the  lower  end  of  the  lake 
the  valley  and  foot-hills  afford  a  comparatively 
large  area  of  arable  land,  productive  of  fine 
fruits,  cereals,  grasses  and  all  varieties  of  vege- 
tables. 

Prominent  among  the  scenic  attractions  of 
Lake  Chelan  is  a  coulee  heading  from  a  point 
a  short  distance  above  Judge  Navarre's,  extend- 
ing several  miles  in  a  southerly  direction 
through  the  mountain  spur  to  the  breaks  of  the 
Columbia  river,  which  trends  to  the  westward 
south  of  Chelan  Falls.  Comparatively  little 
higher  than  the  lake  level  is  the  bed  of  the 
coulee.  For  quite  a  distance  the  side  walls  are 
perpendicular,  rock  precipices,  hundreds  of 
feet  high.  Dotting  the  narrow  valley  are  cool, 
grassy  meadows,  interspersed  with  clumps,  or 
"openings,"  of  evergreen  trees.  The  valley 
widens  on  the  southern  outlet  and  here  the  scen- 


ery is  magnificent.  This  is  Park  Canyon,  and 
it  extends  from  a  point  on  the  lake  nearly  three 
miles  from  the  mouth  to  the  Columbia  river. 
Nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  width,  it  is  a  nat- 
ural roadway  with  walls  ranging  from  500  to 
800  feet  in  height,  rugged  and  rough  in  places, 
with  their  granite  ribs  exposed  in  bold  and 
regTjlar  flutings,  like  giants'  ribs  and  again  in 
places  covered  with  an  excellent  quality  of  soil, 
rich  bunch  grass  and  wild  shrubbery.  Huge 
pines  are  scattered  over  the  surface  of  Park 
Canyon;  standing  out  from  a  luxuriant  carpet 
of  bunch  grass.  Evidences  of  seismic  disturb- 
ance are  scattered  around  in  the  shape  of  large 
boulders  which  have  been  jarred  from  the 
mountain  side.  In  sharp  contrast  to  this  awful 
reminder  the  place,  through  the  glorious  sum- 
mer months,  is  a  veritable  flower  garden, 
changing  in  its  variety  of  bloom  as  the  seasons 
pass. 

Fifteen  miles  up  the  lake  from  the  town  of 
Chelan  is  Mountain  Park,  a  strip  two  or  three 
miles  wide  and  densely  wooded,  paralleling  the 
south  shore,  and  gently  sloping  from  the  base 
of  the  mountain  to  the  water's  edge.  The 
picturesque  home  of  Thomas  R.  Gibson  is  lo- 
cated near  the  center  of  this  gem  in  the  wilder- 
ness. He  pre-empted  the  property  in  the  early 
90's,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Chelan  Val- 
ley. The  lake  is  narrower  at  this  point  than 
elsewhere.  Passing  steamers  are  always  in 
sight  and  the  most  of  them  make  a  landing  at 
this  place.  Here,  against  the  side  of  the  moun- 
tain is  a  large,  almost  perpendicular,  fan-shaped 
gash,  the  result  of  the  mountain  slide  previous- 
ly mentioned.  It  is  named  "Mineral  Slide," 
and  is  visible  for  miles. 

On  the  north  shore  of  the  lake,  fifty  miles 
from  Chelan,  and  six  or  eight  miles  from  the 
head  of  the  lake,  is  Moore's  Point.  In  1889- 
90  it  was  taken  up  by  Colonel  J.  Robert  Moore, 
a  New  York  veteran  who  had  served  with  dis- 
tinction through  the  Civil  War.  In  his  judg- 
ment this  spot  was  ne  plus  ultra,  far  and  away 
ahead  of  all  other  localities  on  the  lake  in  which 


692 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


to  build  a  tourists'  resort  and  a  liome.  The 
experience  of  years  has  not  caused  the  colonel 
to  regret  liis  choice.  A  stream  rises  away  back 
among  the  lofty  mountains  called  Fish  Creek. 
At  times  it  swells  into  a  mad  torrent  aggravated 
by  the  melting  snows  of  spring.  Whipped  by 
the  line  of  the  zealous  angler  this  runlet  yields 
many  a  fat  basket  of  delicious  trout.  South- 
west, four  miles  diagonally  across  the  lake  is 
Railroad  Creek  bar,  where  there  is  a  grade  of 
the  C.  T.  &  S.  Company's  contemplated  rail- 
road for  the  purpose  of  conveying  ore  from  the 
Holden  mine  to  the  lake.  In  the  early  90's  a 
distinguished  guest  visited  Colonel  Moore's 
hotel,  no  less  a  personage  than  Miss  Clara  Bar- 
ton, of  Red  Cross  fame,  and  since  then  the  place 
has  been  honored  by  many  persons  highly  dis- 
tinguished in  official  and  social  life. 

Of  the  "Painted  Rocks,"  in  a  small  cove 
where  the  clififs  come  sheer  into  the  deep  waters 
of  the  lake,  one  can  say  little  authoritatively.  All 
is  conjecture.  Here  the  smooth  face  of  the  cUfi 
is  covered  with  Indian  sign-writing;  startling 
hieroglyphics  done  in  red,  brown  and  blue 
paint,  and  rudely  representing  men  and  horses, 
figures  of  war-parties  with  bows  and  spears, 
and  wild  goats  and  other  animals  resembling 
buffalo.  These  designs  are  far  above  the  reach 
of  man  in  a  boat,  even  at  the  highest  stage  of 
water.  Since  they  could  have  been  painted  only 
from  a  canoe  we  drop  into  conjecture,  and  offer 
the  not  altogether  plausible  explanation  that 
this  is  the  work  of  a  race  that  roamed  the  land 
Ijefore  the  Chelan  river  had  cut  so  deep  a  gorge 
between  the  lake  and  the  Columbia.  There  are 
some,  however,  who  believe  they  are  not  older 
than  fifty  or  sixty  years,  reaching  this  conclu- 
sion by  the  rapidity  with  which  the  colors  are 
fading. 

Field's  Hotel  is  at  the  head  of  Chelan,  one 
of  the  most  popular  resorts  in  the  state.  The 
building  is  three  stories  high,  entirely  sur- 
rounded by  a  broad  porch,  elegantly  furnished 
and  the  service  embracing  all  the  market 
affords.     Hon.  M.  E.  Field,  Chelan  county's 


popular  representative,  is  proprietor  of  the  ho- 
tel. Here  is  the  point  of  departure  for  the 
world-famed  Horseshoe  Basin,  Cascade  Pass, 
Bridge  Creek  and  other  notable  mines.  The 
surrounding  scenery  is  picturesque  and  attrac- 
tive. At  the  present  writing  Julian  E.  Itter, 
the  noted  artist,  has  passed  several  months  in 
the  vicinity  of  upper  Lake  Chelan  painting  a 
panorama  of  the  scenery  of  Horseshoe  Basin 
for  the  St.  Louis  Louisiana  Purchase  Exp(jsi- 
tion.  When  completed  the  picture  will  be 
twenty  feet  in  height  and  two  hundred  feet 
long. 

The  evidence  of  ice  action  in  Okanogan  and 
Chelan  counties  is  most  pronounced.  To  lae 
convinced  that  the  ice  age  has  retreated  none 
too  soon  one  has  but  to  note  the  fresh  appear- 
ance of  terminal  moraines,  kettle  holes  and  ter- 
races, together  with  the  occurrence  of  glaciers 
by  the  score  on  the  western  ranges.  Not  by  a 
general  ice-sheet  was  the  glaciation  of  this  re- 
gion effected.  It  was  accomplished  by  local 
and  somewhat  restricted  action.  Let  us  look 
for  no  ice-sheet  margin;  each  individual  gla- 
cier will  halt  or  deploy  upon  the  plain  in  a  man- 
ner depending  on  the  size  of  the  area  of  its  ac- 
cumulation. Down  the  valleys  of  the  Chelan, 
Methow  and  Okanogan  these  glaciers  swept 
respectively.  It  is  believed  that  on  account  of 
the  narrowness  of  its  valley  and  the  height  of 
its  mountains  the  Chelan  glacier  was  the 
first  to  reach  the  Columbia  river.  In  an  article 
on  "Glacial  Phenomena"  Rev.  \\'.  L.  Dawson, 
in  the  American  Geologist,  says: 

"In  doing  so,  it  forced  out  the  waters  of  the 
pre-glacial  Lake  Chelan,  which  must  have  ex- 
isted at  a  level  some  four  hundred  feet  below  the 
present  one,  as  a  lateral  reservoir  of  the  Col- 
umbia river.  Upon  reaching  the  Columbia,  in- 
stead of  at  once  and  effectually  damming  up 
the  stream,  in  the  struggle  which  ensued  the 
glacier  was  held  in  check  and  its  foot  dissolved 
by  the  impetuous  river.  Besides  this  it  had  a 
lateral  means  of  discharge  through  Knapp's 
and    Navarre's    coulees.      These    lateral    ice 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


693 


streams  also  emerged  upon  the  Columbia  river, 
but  at  a  lower  point,  where  the  valley  is  wider, 
and  today  great  benches  and  banks  of  morainic 
and  half-sorted  material  may  be  found  dis- 
tributed for  several  miles  on  the  Douglas  coun- 
ty side  of  the  river.  *  *  *  Examples  of 
the  third  class  of  coulees  are  the  most  numer- 
ous. The  fact  has  already  been  referred  to  that 
the  Chelan  glacier  found  channels  of  discharge 
through  a  barrier  range  to  the  southward  by 
means  of  Knapp's  and  Navarre's  coulees.  The 
latter  of  these  is  the  larger  and  in  some  respects 
more  remarkable,  but  the  former  has  been 
carefully  studied  and  will  be  described  briefly. 
An  observer  standing  on  the  north  side  of  Lake 
Chelan  across  from  the  north  end  of  Knapp's 
coulee  sees  a  low  divide  cutting  deeply  through 
an  east  and  west  range  of  foot-hills,  which 
rise  from  1,800  to  2,500  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  lake ;  cutting  deeply,  I  say,  yet  not  down  to 
the  lake  level,  for  it  ends  substantially  in  a  con- 
fusion of  irregular  terraces  some  200  feet  above 
the  lake.  Passing  through  the  four  or  five 
miles'  length  of  this  coulee,  we  find  that  the  cen- 
tral portion  is  level  for  quite  a  distance,  and  is 
bounded  by  abrupt  mountain  walls,  while  the 
slope  in  either  direction  toward  the  ends  of 
the  valley  is  only  four  or  five  per  cent.  It  is  an 
ice-hewn  valley,  a  discharge-pipe  of  the  Chelan 
glacier.  Originally  consisting  of  two  opposite 
valleys  heading  at  near  the  same  point  on  the 
divide,  it  was  selected  by  the  ice  as  presenting 
the  easiest  avenue  of  escape  across  the  rampart, 
i.  e.,  the  lowest  point,  and  was  subsequently 
deeply  excavated  by  the  long-continued  and 
gradually  concentrated  ice-flow.  Today  its 
superficial  features  of  kettle-holes  and  morainic 
banks  have  not  been  obliterated  nor  even  no- 
ticeable modified  bp  subsequent  drainage.  *  * 
"The  Chelan  glacier,  when  it  encountered 
the  Columbia  river,  Ijegan  to  deposit  a  moraine 
across  the  mouth  of  its  \-alley.  This  deposi- 
tion was  kept  up  at  least  until  the  Columbia 
valley  was  occupied  by  the  southward  flowing, 
west  fork  of  the  Okanogan  glacier.     As  the  ice 


began  to  retreat  it  is  possible  to  suppose  that 
both  the  Chelan  and  Methow  glaciers  began  to 
withdraw  at  first,  while  the  Okanogan  glacier 
still  filled  the  Columbia  gorge,  and  that  the  ice 
of  the  latter  bulged  into  and  followed  the  path 
of  the  retiring  glaciers.  This  apparently  out- 
of-the-way  explanation  is  called  for  because  of 
the  remarkable  presence  of  certain  boulders  in 
the  Chelan  and  Methow  valleys.  Distributed 
all  along  the  western  bank  of  the  Columbia 
river,  and  at  certain  points  in  the  lower  Methow 
and  Chelan  valleys,  there  occur  large,  rounded 
masses  of  basalt  boulders,  brought  by  the  ice. 
I  saw  two  on  the  Methow  at  least  five  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  Another  near 
Lake  Chelan  weighing  hundreds  of  tons  lies 
half  buried  in  the  hillside  about  fifty  feet  above 
the  water  on  the  north  shore  of  the  lake,  and 
also  five  miles  from  the  Columbia.  The  pos- 
sible parent  beds  of  these  traveled  blocks  can  be 
found  only  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Columbia 
or  in  the  region  east  of  the  Okanogan  river, 
that  swept  by  the  eastern  flank  of  the  Okano- 
gan glacier.  A  notable  aggregation  of  these 
boulders  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Columbia  valley 
a  little  below  the  entrance  of  the  Methow.  The 
appearance  of  the  great  boulder-field  there 
found  is  difficult  to  account  for.     *     *     * 

"But  to  recur  to  the  subject  of  terraces;  we 
notice  that  in  the  Chelan  Valley  there  must 
have  been  a  time  after  a  partial  recession  of  the 
ice,  while  yet  the  ice  occupied  the  Columbia 
gorge,  when  the  pent-up  waters  filled  the  lower 
end  of  the  valley.  This  feature  is  indicated  at 
various  levels,  but  especially  at  the  225  foot- 
level,  where  the  material  of  lateral  moraines 
was  worked  over  and  spread  out  in  benches, 
which  are  now  capped  by  a  fertile  soil. 

"One  of  the  latest  phases  in  the  retreat  of 
the  lake  waters  is  to  be  read  in  the  Wapato  dis- 
trict. This  is  a  comparatively  level  section  of 
land  which  occupies  the  angle  of  a  bend  in  the 
lake,  where  it  emerges  from  the  north  and  south 
narrows  to  open  into  the  eastward-stretching 
terminal  sheet.    At  the  knee  of  this  bend  a  val- 


694 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ley  opens  westward.  Down  this  valley  a  gla- 
cier flowed.  Moreover,  it  did  not  tarry  until 
its  foot  rested  against  the  angle  of  the  Wapato 
section,  thus  forcing  the  lake  waters  to  cross 
between  it  and  the  highland  opposite.  The 
broad  and  shallow  channel  thus  formed  is  now 
completely  evacuated  by  the  lake  waters,  and  is 
occupied  through  its  five  or  six  miles  extent 
only  by  occasional  alkali  sinks.  Lake  Chelan 
is  held  in  place  by  a  dam  of  gracial  debris.  The 
terminal  moraine  of  the  Chelan  glacier  chokes 
up  the  lower  valley  and  holds  the  lake  back  at 
a  level  of  325  feet  above  that  of  the  Columbia 
river  which  sweeps  its  base.  Instead  of  exca- 
vating a  channel  through  the  heaped  up  mate- 
rials of  the  moraine  and  so  reducing  the  lake 
to  its  pre-glacial  level,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Che- 
lan has  found  another  route — a  precipitous 
channel  through  the  granite.  This  course  is, 
•  perhaps,  determined,  as  Mr.  Russell  suggests, 
by  the  fracture-line  between  two  immense  fal- 
len rock-masses,  which  were  at  some  time  split 
off  from  the  northeast  corner  of  Chelan  butte. 
At  the  time  of  the  Kokshut  Mountain  disaster 
water  coming  from  some  point  in  the  river  burst 
forth  from  under  the  moraine,  and  has  since 
persisted  as  a  series  of  springs — making  a  verit- 
able garden  spot  at  La  Chapelle's  landing, 
where  was  only  barren  sand  before.  If  it  be 
true  that  the  Chelan  river,  instead  of  cutting 
through  the  granite,  has  merely  followed  a 
break  in  the  rock,  then  no  reliable  estimate  of 
its  age  can  be  formed  on  this  basis.  Better 
results,  however,  may  be  expected  from  work 
at  the  head  of  the  lake,  for  the  Stehekin  river, 
which  occupies  the  continuation  of  the  valley  to 
the  west,  has  been  filling  in  the  head  of  the  lake 
for  a  considerable  time  and  has  shortened  its 
length  by  several  miles. 

"Little,  however,  has  been  done  to  explore 
the  ice-fields  which  occupy  the  rugged  region 
to  the  north  and  west  of  Lake  Chelan,  and  the 
Methow  river.  Prospectors  report  them  as  be- 
ing numerous  throughout  that  country.  From 
the  summit  of  a  high  mountain  west  of  Chelan, 


Wright's  Peak,  itself  bearing  a  small  glacier, 
I  have  looked  off  upon  a  region  where  they 
might  be  counted  by  the  score.  Some  of  the 
central  mountains  seem  to  be  completely  cov- 
ered with  ice  and  snow,  except  for  the  aiguilles 
which  pierce  through.  Although  moist  condi- 
tions still  prevail,  it  is  probable  that  we  are  wit- 
nessing a  period  of  slow  retreat." 

Another  of  Washington's  wonders  is  the 
Wenatchee  valley.  It  is  situated  in  the  geo- 
graphical center  of  the  state.  The  foot-hills  of 
the  Cascade  range  are  hugged  by  its  western 
limits;  the  eastern  portion  of  the  valley  is 
bi-sected  by  the  Columbia.  Roars  and  rushes 
the  Wenatchee  river,  piercing  the  giant  clefts 
of  snow-capped  mountains,  until,  gathering 
volume  from  its  tributaries,  it  bursts  through 
the  famous  Tumwater  gorge,  ten  miles  in 
length,  and  enters  the  low-lying  valley.  Wind- 
ing to  and  fro  from  west  to  east  it  intersects  the 
valley,  joining  forces  with  the  Columbia  just 
above  the  prosperous  and  eligible  town  of  We- 
natchee. Some  thirty  miles  in  length  is  this 
valley,  varying  in  w^idth  from  one  to  five  miles. 
Ranges  of  hills  are  to  the  north  and  south  aver- 
aging 2,000  feet  in  height.  The  north  range 
is  a  divide  between  the  fruit  belts  of  the  We- 
natchee Valley  and  the  Big  Bend  Country. 
This  section  was  named  in  honor  of  the  old 
Chief  Wenatchee,  long  since  passed  over  to  the 
happy  hunting  ground.  He  left  a  sun-scorched, 
barren  waste,  relieved  only  by  the  foaming  wat- 
ers that  bear  his  name.  Could  he  return  he 
would  gaze  upon  luxuriant  orchards,  produc- 
tive ranches,  comfortable  homes  and  all  the  in- 
dices of  modern  civilization,  its  luxuries,  its 
culture  and  its  intelligence.  Before  him  would 
be  spread  successive  acres  of  peerless  fruit 
trees,  interspersed  by  fields  of  clover  or  alfalfa, 
vividly,  brightly  green.  In  the  language  of  the 
Seattle  Coiinnojnc'ealth: 

"Did  the  old  ruler  of  this  now  flourishing 
domain  seek  to  investigate  more  minutely  the 
why  and  wherefore  of  these  marvels  he  would 
observe,  trickling  rows  of  growing  fruit  trees, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


695 


and  percolating  the  green  masses  of  the  mead- 
ows tiny  streamlets  of  life-giving  fluid,  and  en- 
lightenment would  follow.  For  it  is  water, 
guided  from  its  natural  channels  in  the  higher 
ground  by  the  hand  of  man  that  has  wrought 
this  wonderous  change;  it  is  irrigation,  the 
wizard  of  the  west,  that  has  forced  the  arid 
desert  to  supply  mankind  with  the  choicest  gifts 
at  nature's  disposal.  By  its  means  thousands 
of  acres  of  tillable  soil  are  'flourishing  like  a 
green  bay  tree."  " 

Between  the  years  1890  to  1892  an  at- 
tempt was  made  to  form  an  irrigation  district 
under  what  was  known  as  the  "Wright  Law." 
This  measure  authorized  the  formation  of  irri- 
gation districts  and  taxation  of  all  property 
within  the  limits  of  the  districts  to  pay  for  the 
work  of  construction  and  maintenance.  C.  B. 
Reed,  of  Rock  Island,  was  a  prominent  factor 
in  this  project,  and  acquired  the  name  of  "Irri- 
gation Reed."  Until  the  district  was  formed 
he  continued  to  earnestly  agitate  the  matter. 
A  test  of  the  Wright  law  having  been  made  in 
the  courts  it  was  decided  to  be  unconstitutional 
and  the  enterprise  was  abandoned.  Several 
thousands  of  dollars  had  been  expended  in  the 
survey,  and  this  preliminary  survey  is,  practic- 
ally, the  same  upon  which  is  run  the  eminently 
successful  "High  Line  Ditch,"  Later  Mr.  Reed 
formed  the  Lake  Irrigation  Company,  for  the 
purpose  of  irrigating  his  own  and  a  few  neigh- 
boring farms.  This  proved  a  successful  under- 
taking and  Mr.  Reed  has  profited  greatly 
thereby. 

Throughout  the  Wenatchee  Valley  the 
problem  of  irrigation  is  being  rapidly  worked 
to  a  successful  conclusion.  Much  has  been  said 
and  written  about  the  Wenatchee  Canal,  com- 
pleted in  October,  1903.  Its  waters  will  be 
poured  lavishly  over  every  acre  of  dry  land  in 
the  now  famous  valley,  thus  realizing  the  fond- 
est hopes  of  early  settlers  who  have  never 
abandoned  faith  in  the  ultimate  completion  of 
the  "High  Line  Ditch."  Of  this  enterprise  the 
Coast  Magazine  of  October,  1902,  said : 


"This  canal  is  about  thirty  miles  in  length. 
The  intake  will  be  located  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Wenatchee  river,  opposite  Peshastin  Creek. 
The  waterway  will  continue  along  the  north 
side  of  the  Wenatchee  until  it  reaches  a  point 
one  and  one-half  miles  above  the  mouth  of  that 
stream,  where  it  crosses  the  river  in  a  wooden 
stave  pipe,  forty-two  inches  in  diameter  and  one 
and  one-half  miles  long.  It  waters  2,000  acres 
on  the  north  side,  but  after  crossing  the  Wenat- 
chee river  supplies  water  to  over  5,000  acres  of 
most  fertile  land.  This  achievement  is  the  con- 
sumation  of  years  of  labor.  About  twenty 
years  ago  Philip  Miller,  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers in  this  locality,  built  the  first  irrigation 
ditch  of  any  size.  He  took  the  waters  out  of 
the  Ouiltocchien  Creek,  about  two  miles  west  of 
Wenatchee.  The  remaining  waters  of  the 
Quiltocchien  and  those  of  the  Stemilt  were  then 
taken  up  by  the  farmers  who  saw  the  great  ad- 
vantage gained  by  irrigation.  With  these 
operations  the  limit  of  cheap  irrigation  was 
reached. 

In  1896  Arthur  Gunn  and  J.  A.  Shotwell 
built  a  small  irrigation  ditch,  taking  water  out 
of  the  Wenatchee  river  eight  miles  west  of  the 
town.  Convinced  that  the  results  obtained 
would  sustain  the  undertaking  a  company  was 
formed  called  the  Wenatchee  Waterpower 
Company,  and  this  organization  continued  the 
canal  to  reach  the  fertile  acres  along  the  Colum- 
bia, in,  and  surrounding  Wenatchee.  Three 
miles  from  this  town  they  built  a  bridge  across 
the  Wenatchee  and  conveyed  the  waters  to  the 
south  side  of  the  river.  This  canal  cost  $45,000 
and  supplied  water  to  about  one  thousand  acres. 
Land  which  had  been  worth  from  $10  to  $50 
an  acre  prior  to  the  completion  at  once  reached 
the  value  of  from  $200  to  $500  an  acre.  In 
1893  a  preliminary  survey  was  made  by  C.  F. 
B.  Haskell,  locating  engineer  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  Company,  for  the  location 
of  a  practical  line  for  the  building  of  a  higher 
ditch,  but  nothing  was  done  toward  its  con- 
struction so  high  was  the  estimated  cost.     In 


696. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


1896  some  farmers  and  others,  among  whom 
were  J.  A.  Shotwell,  A.  Gunn,  A.  L.  Burbank, 
H.  S.  Shotwell,  Taylor  Hughes,  Mr.  Benjamin 
Chapman,  J.  B.  Holmes  and  others,  organized 
the  North  Wenatchee  Canal  Company,  and  be- 
gan construction  work  which  was  contemplated 
to  cover  about  one  thousand  acres  on  Warner's 
Flat,  opposite  and  below  the  town  of  Mission. 
Under  the  direction  of  Harvey  Shotwell,  now 
of  the  city  engineering  department  of  Seattle, 
$10,000  worth  of  construction  work  was  done, 
but  the  canal  still  remained  uncompleted.  In 
the  meantime,  until  1901,  the  project  was  kept 
alive  and  the  right  of  way  retained  for  the  canal 
through  the  efforts  of  Arthur  Gunn,  of  Wenat- 
chee. 

"In  1 90 1  L.  McLean  succeeded  in  interest- 
ing W.  T.  Clark,  of  North  Yakima,  who  had 
just  finished  building  the  Selah-Moxie  canal  in 
the  Yakima  Valley.  Upon  visiting  the  locality 
and  looking  over  the  situation  he  at  once  saw 
the  utility  of  the  undertaking  and  set  about  or- 
ganizing the  Wenatchee  Canal  Company.  He 
received  the  hearty  support  of  the  Wenatchee 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  a  committee  com- 
posed of  L.  McLean,  F.  M.  Sheble,  L.  V. 
Wells,  M.  Horan,  Z.  A.  Lanham  and  Arthur 
Gunn  was  appointed.  These  gentlemen  saw 
each  of  the  land  owners  along  whose  land  the 
ditch  would  pass,  and  secured  contracts  from 
them  to  take  water  from  the  new  company  and 
pay  upon  the  completion  of  the  ditch  the  sums 
of  from  $50  to  $60  per  acre  for  the  privilege. 
This  secured  money  for  the  cost  of  construction. 
In  June,  1902,  active  operations  were  begun 
and  have  progressed  constantly  since.  The 
work  was  completed  in  October,  1903. 

"The  greatest  cost  of  irrigation  ditch  build- 
ing has  been  reached  in  this  instance,  but  not- 
withstanding that  fact,  through  the  enterprise 
and  activity  of  the  residents  and  those  interested 
it  has  been  undertaken  and  now  is  an  assured 
fact.  During  the  preliminary  negotiation,  in 
order  to  secure  the  building  of  this  ditch,  the 
Wenatchee    Development    Company,    Thomas 


Burke,  president,  and  T.  N.  Haller,  vice-presi- 
dent, offered  to  give  the  Wenatchee  Canal 
Company  one-half  their  land  holdings  in  the 
Wenatchee  Valley.  Later,  in  order  to  secure 
completion  of  the  canal,  they,  in  addition,  gave 
a  bonus  of  $6,000  cash,  to  be  delivered  when  the 
work  was  completed.  In  fact  the  W'enatchee 
Development  Company  has  stood  in  the  breach 
and  from  the  first,  seeing  the  great  advantage 
to  be  gained,  has  been  a  staunch  and  strong 
supporter  of  the  enterprise. 

"The  new  ditch  is  known  as  the  'High  Line 
Ditch';  the  former  as  the  'Low  Line.'  'The 
High  Line  Ditch'  will  put  7,000  acres  of  land 
under  water  in  addition  to  the  territory  now 
covered  by  the  'Low  Line.'  " 

In  the  heart  of  the  Cascade  ^Mountains,  in 
Chelan  county,  lies  Lake  Wenatchee.  Seven 
miles  long  is  this  lovely  body  of  water  which 
is  fed  by  the  Little  Wenatchee  and  \Miite 
rivers,  and  drained  by  the  Wenatchee  river 
proper.  Snow-capped  peaks  and  wooded  slopes 
surround  its  crystal  waters  and  inlets  stocked 
with  an  abundance  of  gamy  trout.  Through- 
out the  entire  northwest  there  is  no  more  fav- 
orable spot  for  a  summer  outing.  From  the 
town  of  Wenatchee  it  is  reached  by  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  to  Nason  Creek,  thence  by 
wagon,  a  distance  of  seven  miles  to  the  lake. 
For  pleasure  seekers  and  hunters  the  Hotel 
Bates  affords  ample  accommodations  and  ex- 
cellent service. 

Of  the  beautiful  Wenatchee  Valley  the 
Washington  State  Bureau  of  Statistics,  x\gTi- 
culture  and  Immigration  makes  mention  as 
follows : 

"In  the  Wenatchee  we  find  a  district  com- 
paratively small  in  size,  and  yet  of  such  beauty 
and  productiveness  that  it  might  be  called  the 
Washington  'Vale  of  Cashmere.'  The  Wenat- 
chee river  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same  name  in 
the  heart  of  stupenduous  mountains  snow- 
capped the  year  round.  It  descends  in  a  streak 
of  foam  into  a  narrow  canyon,  whence  it  is- 
sues clear  and  sparkling  upon  a  smiling  valley. 


WANATCHEE   FRUIT   EXHIBIT  AT  THE  SPOKANE    FRUIT   FAIR   IN    1902. 


PAINTED   ROCKS   NEAR  THE  HEAD  OF  LAKE  CHELAN. 


THEY  CAME  FROM  LAKE 
CHELAN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


697 


thirty  miles  long  and  from  one  to  five  miles 
wide.  The  soil,  air,  water,  and  an  indefinable 
something — call  it  the  genii  of  the  place,  which 
imparts  the  last  touches  of  perfection — seem  to 
have  marked  the  Wenatchee  for  the  natural 
home  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  If  one  region 
more  than  another  can  be  called  the  'jewel,'  that 
title  must  probably  be  accorded  to  Wenatchee. 
A  great  variety  of  fruits  is  produced  here. 

"Though  the  Wenatchee  does  not  at  all 
approach  the  Yakima  in  aggregate  production, 
yet  in  proportion  to  area  it  surpasses  its  big  sis- 
ter. When  we  consider  the  comparatively  small 
area  of  this  region  and  its  population  of  only 
3,500,  with  the  further  fact  that  in  addition  to 
the  fruit  great  quantities  of  hay  are  produced, 
we  can  form  some  conception  of  the  great  pro- 
ductiveness of  the  Wenatchee  ^Valley." 

Of  Tumwater  Canyon  the  Wenatchee  Ad- 
vance of  December,  1902,  says : 

"Tumwater  Canyon  is  one  of  the  wildest 
and  most  picturesque  spots  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  Through  a  narrow  canyon  rush  the 
waters  of  the  Wenatchee,  with  majestic  moun- 
tains towering  thousands  of  feet  on  either 
side.  In  a  few  places  the  river  is  quiet  for  a 
hundred  yards  or  so,  and  any  one  may  cross 
with  comparative  safety,  but  if  he  should  be 
drawn  over  the  falls  death  is  sure  to  overtake 
him." 

On  the  Wenatchee  river,  four  miles  distant 
from  the  town,  is  Paradise  Valley.  There  is 
no  prettier  picture  to  be  found  anywhere  when 
the  orchards  are  loaded  with  fruit  and  the  al- 
falfa fields  arrayed  in  their  rich  green  habili- 
ments. 

Of  the  Wenatchee  Fish  Hatchery  the  1902 
report  of  the  State  Fish  Commission  says: 

"The  hatchery  is  situated  in  the  northwest 
quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  16, 
township  25.  north,  range  17  east,  on  the  We- 
natchee river,  and  tributary  to  the  Columbia 
river,  and  about  one  and  one-third  miles  from 
Chiwaukum.  a  Great  Northern  railway  station. 
The  state  has  erected  a  fine  hatcherv  building 


and  residence,  but  until  recently  no  steps  had 
ever  been  taken  to  secure  any  title  to  the  land, 
but  I  am  now  in  negotiation  with  the  state  land 
commissioner  for  a  long-term  lease  of  the  prem- 
ises. This  plant  was  erected  during  the  summer 
of  1899.  Owing  to  the  location  of  this  hatch- 
ery the  cost  of  maintenance  is  greater  than  at 
any  other  hatchery  of  the  same  capacity.  The 
extreme  cold  winters,  heavy  snows,  difficulty  in 
controlling  the  river  and  the  isolation  of  the 
plant  makes  it  an  expensive  one  to  operate. 
However,  good  work  has  been  done  and  this 
season  the  hatchery  will  be  filled.  The  cost  of 
maintaining  this  hatchery  from  November  i, 
1901,  to  November  i,  1902,  was  $3,825.80. 
This  was  more  than  any  one  of  the  other  nine- 
teen hatcheries  in  the  state.  Output  for  season 
of  1902,  7,934,560,  the  largest  output  in  the 
Columbia  river  district  and  next  to  the  largest 
in  the  state." 

Although  not  widely  advertised,  one  of  the 
most  important  portions  of  Chelan  county  is  the 
Entiat  Valley,  so  named  from  the  stream  that 
rises  far  back  in  the  heart  of  the  Cascades 
among  the  giant  glaciers  from  which  outflow 
two  other  streams,  the  Agnes  and  Railroad 
Creek.  Fifty  or  sixty  miles  long  is  the  Entiat 
\^alley,  extending  northwest  and  southeast,  the 
river  flowing  into  the  Columbia  from  the  west 
about  twenty  miles  north  of  Wenatchee.  Won- 
derfully fertile  is  this  valley,  though  narrow, 
and  it  is  well  settled  on  each  bank  of  the  river 
for  a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles.  Fruits, 
vegetables,  cereals,  stock,  lumber,  mining,  etc., 
are  the  varied  resources  of  this  productive 
valley.  To  Seattle  and  other  points  many 
car-loads  of  fruit  are  annually  shipped  from  this 
section.  Each  succeeding  year  the  area  of  or- 
chard culture  is  rapidly  extended.  The  prin- 
cipal stock-feed  raised  is  alfalfa,  and  under 
irrigation  conditions  the  weight  of  this  crop  is 
almost  incredible.  The  incalculable  value  of 
systematic  irrigation  is  well  illustrated  in  this 
vicinity.  It  is,  practically,  useless  to  attempt  to 
make  any  description  of  crop  without  water. 


698 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


With  the  valuable  auxiliary  aid  of  this  life- 
giving  fluid  all  is  smooth  and  successful.  The 
principal  supply  reservoir  for  the  purpose  of 
irrigation  here  is  the  Entiat  river.  It  is  rapid 
from  its  source  until  it  gains  the  Columbia,  af- 
fording sufficient  fall  to  make  the  supply  easily 
utilized,  and  on  each  side  of  the  valley,  some- 
times many  feet  up  the  mountain  side,  may  be 
seen  the  water  ditches  and  flumes  bearing  limpid 
streams  of  pure,  cold  water  throughout  the  nu- 
merous farms.  Thus  is  made  possible  the  cul- 
tivation of  almost  everything  known  to  semi- 
tropical  husbandry.  At  the  mouth  of  Entiat 
river  the  elevation  is  about  700  feet  above  sea 
level.  An  industry  beginning  to  figure  prom- 
inently in  the  economy  of  the  Entiat  Valley  is 
bee  culture.  At  present  quite  a  large  number 
of  residents  have  stands  of  bee  hives,  and  the 
output  of  honey  is  first-class  in  every  respect. 
Although  better  results  are  obtained  as  more 
clover  is  sown,  bees  are  doing  well  at  present. 

There  are  numerous  points  for  fruit  ship- 
ment in  Chelan  county  along  the  Columbia 
river,  yet  it  nearly  all  passes  through  Wenat- 
chee.  From  the  latter  point  the  fruit  shipments 
by  express  from  June  i  to  October  i,  1903, 
were  122,350  packages,  aggregating  2.798,576 
pounds.  The  amount  shipped  by  freight  from 
Wenatchee  during  the  same  period  was  121,- 
020  packages  or  3,345,000  pounds,  a  grand  to- 
tal of  232  cars,  and  6,142,576  pounds. 

Wright's  Peak  is  not  visible  from  the  head 
of  Lake  Chelan,  as  it  is  situated  some  distance 
south  by  west.  In  all  its  majesty  and  gran- 
deur it  may  be  seen  after  several  hours  of  ar- 
duous climbing  over  the  first  divide  of  the  Ste- 
hekin  river.  The  Chchm  Leader  says  concern- 
ing this  peak : 

"Rev.  and  Mrs.  W.  L.  Dawson,  the  former 
pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  church  of 
Chelan,  in  1895,  visited  the  peak  and  named  it. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dawson  started  out  one  morn- 
ing bright  and  early,  well  supplied  with  food, 
a  pair  of  blankets,  hob-nailed  shoes,  alpen 
stocks,  etc.,  and  managed  after  a  day  of  ardu- 


ous toil  and  difficulty  to  reach  an  altitude  of 
10,000  feet,  and  they  describe  the  view  of 
mountain  scenery  witnessed  from  that  point  to 
be  sublime  beyond  all  description.  Castle  Rock 
could  be  plainly  seen,  and  from  as  accurate  cal- 
cualtion  as  it  was  possible  to  make  the  yet  un- 
named mountain  on  which  they  were,  which 
ran  up  rock  spires  still  500  feet  higher  than 
they  were  able  to  ascend,  was  at  least  that  much 
higher  than  Castle  Rock.  Having  determined 
it  to  be  the  very  highest  peak  in  the  vicinity, 
they  proceeded  to  christen  it  'Wright's  Peak,' 
in  honor  of  that  eminent  scholar  and  scientist, 
G.  F.  Wright,  professor  of  glaciology  in  Ober- 
lin  college,  and  author  of  'The  Ice  Age  in 
North  America.'  They  noticed  another  moun- 
tain whose  top  seemed  shattered  into  great 
rock  splinters,  pointing  starward.  like  giant 
fingers,  and  to  this  they  gave  the  name  of 
'Splinter  Peak.'  " 

"Cascades  rival  the  mighty  Alps."  This 
sentence  is  from  an  interview  given  by  Julian 
E.  Itter,  the  eminent  artist,  to  the  Everett 
Daily  Herald.    The  Herald  contiues : 

"Mr.  Itter,  who  is  an  artist  of  note,  has 
been  assigned  by  the  St.  Louis  Fair  commis- 
sion to  the  work  of  transferring  to  canvas 
some  of  Washington's  choicest  scenery,  which 
will  be  placed  on  exhibition  in  the  Washington 
building  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition.  In  open- 
ing his  interview  Mr.  Itter  pronounced  the 
Chelan  country  the  Switzerland  of  America, 
and  says  that  'words  fail  to  describe  the  gran- 
deur of  the  scenery  to  be  found  there.  There 
are  miles  and  miles  of  cloud  piercing,  snow- 
capped peaks;  wide,  snow  white  glaciers' 
stretch  away  from  you  until  they  seem  to 
melt  into  the  blue  of  the  sky,  veritable  crystal 
pavement  leading,  it  would  seem,  into  the  very 
gate  of  heaven;  there  are  towering  cliffs  of 
castellated  rocks,  yawning  chasms,  peaceful 
lakes,  wild  torrents  leaping  a  thousand  feet, 
great  forests  and  rich  river  valleys.  No  coun- 
try in  the  world  equals  it. 

"  'Standing  on  one  peak  you  look  upon  an 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


699 


ocean  of  mountains  stretching  north  andi  south 
and  east  and  west.  You  see  Mount  Baker  and 
Mount  Ranier  in  all  their  grandeur,  Glacier 
Peak  and  a  hundred  other  mountains  loom  be- 
fore you;  you  look  north  into  Canada  and 
south  into  Oregon;  Puget  Sound  is  unrolled 
before  you  like  a  map,  while  beyond  it  you  see 
the  silvery  Olympics.  There  is  no  reason,'  con- 
tinues Mr.  Itter  'why  Washington  should  not 
become  the  scenic  resort  of  not  only  America, 
but  also  the  world.  This  state  surpasses  the 
Yosemite ;  it  excels  Switzerland ;  the  world  has 
only  to  learn  these  facts  and  tourists  will  flock 
to  the  state.'  " 

On  the  rim  of  Horseshoe  Basin,  on  the 
headwaters  of  Stehekin  river,  above  Lake 
Chelan,  the  highest  pinnacle  is  Mount  Sahale. 
Mounts  Baker,  Ranier,  (or  Tacoma),  Glacier 
Peak  and  several  hundred  ,  snow-crowned 
heights  may  be  seen  from  this  point,  as  well  as 
the  shimmering  waters  of  Puget  Sound.  The 
valley  of  the  Columbia  and  the  Big  Bend  coun- 
try to  the  east  areialso  spread  before  the  gaze. 
Horseshoe  Basin  is  a  vast  conservatory  of 
waterfalls.  Here  there  are  twenty-one  of  them 
averaging  about  1,000  feet  in  height.  In  a 
single  stream  these  waters  unite,  flowing 
through  a  narrow  cleft  in  the  rocks.  A  giant 
boulder  has  fallen  into  the  deft,  and  this,  di- 
viding the  stream  into  nearly  equal  parts,  forms 
Twin  Falls. 

Up  the  sombre-valley  of  the  Stehekin  river, 
four  miles,  we  come  to  Rainbow  Falls,  on  Boul- 
der creek.  Nowhere  in  the  northwest  is  there 
a  more  picturesque  waterfall.  Down  through 
the  valley  comes  rushing  the  Stehekin  like  a 
mill-race — nay,  not  so  torpid  as  a  mill-race 
— bank-full  in  places,  and  at  others  backing 
up  into  sloughs  and  high  water  channels.  Half 
a  mile  from  the  Stehekin  are  Rainbow  Falls, 
and  the  roar  of  the  waters  accentuate  their  im- 
mediate presence  long  before  they  burst  upon 
our  sight.  Gaining  them  we  stand  in  a  cloud 
of  ascending  mist.  Slightly  disappointing  is 
the  first  view.     Hidden  away  behind  a  slight  ' 


bend  in  the  canyon  is  the  main  fall,  and  then 
you  observe  a  sharp  plunge  of  twenty  feet,  a 
wild,  tumultous  cascade,  with  a  total  fall  of 
about  forty  feet,  and  then  the;  view  is  shut  out 
by  another  rocky  wall.  Up  the  slippery  bank 
we  clamber,  coming  out  upon  a  mighty  snow 
bank  like  a  glacier.  It  hangs  over  a  deep,  dauk 
pool  of  coal  black  water.  A  small  river  is  above 
us  which  leaps  suddenly  and  desperately  over 
a  precipice,  as  if  intent  on  suicide.  Here  it 
makes  an  unbroken  plunge  of  250  feet.  Sound 
and  mist ;  reverbrating  sound  and  soaking  mist, 
are  in  the  air,  and  up  out  of  the  dark  canyon 
comes  a  mighty  wind  whispering  and  search- 
ing, penetrating  one's  bones  with  an  icy  chill. 
Before  it  is  driven  the  spray,  sheer  and  cut- 
ting, right  into  our  faces.  It  is  like  a  blizzard 
driving  before  it  sharp,  icy  pellets.  And  yet 
the  sun  shines  brightly  on  the  cliffs,  and  on  the 
gathering  mist  as  it  trickles  down  into  the 
seams  and  crevices  may  be  traced  the  colors  of 
the  rainbow — colors  unfading,  while  the  sun 
contributes  to  the  mise  en  scene. 

"Racing  Rainbow"  is  the  name  given  by 
the  Indians  to  this  beautiful  fall,  and  the  me- 
taphor is  not  inapt.  At  their  fairest|and  most 
maiestic  stage  are  these  falls  in  the  spring  and 
early  summer.  To  the  volume  of  a  mountain 
brooki dwarf  these  streams  in  midsummer,  and 
the  great  fall  of  250  feet  is  broken  in  two. 
From  Field's  hotel  the  distance  to  the  Rain- 
bow Falls  is  four  miles,  over  a  fair  carriage 
road.  Up  the  valley  from  Stehekin  to  Horse- 
shoe Basin  the  road  passes  within  a  few  rods 
of  it. 

Goat  Mountain,  about  half  way  up  Lake 
Chelan,  is  a  stupendous  wall,  extending  twelve 
miles,  with  scarcely  a  crack  into  which  one 
might  thrust  a  boat-prow,  or  up  which  the  most 
agile  cougar  could  wriggle  his  sinuous  body. 
Here  the  wild  goats  stand  on  juts  of  rock  and 
watch  pigmy  man  plying  his  oar  far  below. 
And  yet  fortunate  shots  have  reached  a  goat 
from  the  waters  of  the  lake,  and  the  victim 
has  come  hurtling  down  to  reward  the  hunter. 


70O 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Of  the  wild  country  lying  back  from  Lake 
Chelan  but  little,  comparatively,  is  known. 
Foaming  torrents  tear  through  the  deeper  can- 
yons, baffling  the  curious  encroachment  of  man. 
Undisturbed  roam  the  red  deer  and  here  the 
cougar  makes  his  lair  in  safety;  here  the 
shaggy  bear  has  yet  to  be  startled  by  the  rifle's 
crack,  and  from  these  cliffs  and  crags  the 
mountain  goat  has  yet  to  be  dri\en  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Ximrod.  It  is  stated  authentically 
that  with  the  first  advent'of  settlers  in  this  vi- 
cinity one  could  row  in  Lake  Chelan  through- 
out the  day  without  losing  sight  of  these  bands 
of  wild  goats. 

Between  Chelan  and  Pateros,  and  about 
eight  miles  from  the  former  town,  the  road 
passes  a  natural  ice  cave,  in  which  ice  is  to  be 
found  any  month  in  the  year.  After  climbing 
the  mountain  side  about  500  feet  above  the 
Columbia  river,  which  now  looks  like  a  narrow 
ribbon,  one  loses  sight  of  the  river  as  he  passes 
into  a  lofty  canyon,  where  the  disintegrating 
forces  of  time  have  so  rent  and  thrown  the 
splintered  granite  rocks  that  the  sides  of  the 
canyon  are  lined  and  floored  with  talus.  But 
very  few  boulders  are  found  here.  The  road 
then  winds  its  devious  way  among  the  giant 
fragments  of  the  mountain  top,  while  firs  and 
pines  struggle  for  a  footing.  A  mile  or  so  of 
this  and  the  canyon  widens  a  little  and  occa- 
sionally a  fertile  spot  appears.  On  the  left, 
about'  seventy-five  feet  below  the  road,  a  small 
lake  of  gem-like  emerald  green  invites  one's 
admiration  and  excites  surprise.  A  sparkling 
spring  bubbles  at  about  three  feet  above  the 
south  side  of  the  lake,  but  the  lake  itself  is  so 
impregnated  with  copper,  arsenic,  etc.,  that  it 
is  undrinkable.  Beyond  the  lake  the  ravine 
widens  with  a  high,  steep  and  barren  cliff  on 
the  right  which  is  flanked  almost  to  its  summit 
with  a  solid  pile  of  talus — large,  sharp,  rugged 
and  irregular,  at  the  base  of  which  are  a  few 
struggling  firs  and  pines. 

About  five  hundred  feet  from  this  road  and 
a  few  feet  above  it  some  kindly  pilgrim  has 


painted  an  obscure  cross  upon  one  of  these 
rocks,  which  marks  the  entrance  to  the  ice  cave. 
Otherwise  a  stranger  would  find  some  difficulty 
in  locating  it,  there  being  no  road,  track  or  un- 
usual appearance  to  guide  one.  No  water  is 
visible,  no  sound  of  water  is  audible,  but  there 
is  a  perceptibly  cold  breeze  coming  from  its 
depths  and  the  crannies,  which  are  at  the  bot- 
tom, are  full  of  wonderfully  clear  and  solid  ice, 
which  appears  to  maintain  a  certain  height  on 
the  floor  and  renews  itself  as  it  is  taken  away. 
It  still  remains  a  problem  whence  come  the 
water  and  the  cold  winds. 

The  present  Chelan  county  is  bounded  on 
the  north,  or  rather  on  the  northeast  by  a  line 
running,  on  survey,  from  the  southeast  corner 
of  Whatcom  county  to  a  point  a  few  miles  be- 
low Pateros,  on  the  Columbia  river;  on  the 
east  by  the  Columbia ;  on  the  south  by  Kittitas 
county,  and  on  the  west  by  Skagit,  Snohomish, 
and  a  small  portion  of  King  counties.  Its 
geological  formation  will  be  be  found  generally 
described  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  "Alines 
and  Mining."  The  superficial  area  of  Chelan 
county  is  3,070  square  miles.  The  county 
seat  is  Wenatchee. 

Six  miles  above  Rock  Island,  on  the  road 
to  Wenatchee,  and  near  the  line  of  the  Great 
Northern  railroad,'  are  two  enormous  heaps  of 
basaltic  rock,  in  the  exact  form  of  Indian  te- 
pees. From  a  distance  they  appear  tattered 
and  discolored  from  long  usage.  Those  fa- 
miliar with  Indian  habitations  can  almost  im- 
agine the  appearance  of  smoke  through  the 
ragged  opening  near  the  top.  On  nearer  ap- 
proach they  are  found  to  be;  about  fifty  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  high.  During  the  last  trouble  with  Chief 
Moses'  tribe  a  desperate  battle  took  place  there 
and  here  young  Chief  Moses,  son  of  the  fa- 
mous warrior,  was  killed  by  a  detachment  of 
General  Howard's  men.  The  soldiers  desig- 
nated these  huge  rocks  "Twin  Tepees."  but 
they  are  now  termed  locally  "The  Two  Dead 
Indians." 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


701 


Ten  miles  northwest  from  Wenatchee  is  the 
beautiful  Mission  Valley.  On  the  north  it  is 
bounded  by  the  Wenatchee  river;  on  the  east, 
south  and  west  by  lofty  mountains.  The  Mis- 
sion canyon  averages  sixty  rods  in  width  and 
is  three  and  one-half  miles  long.  Through  this 
canyon  tlows  Mission  creek.  All  varieties  of 
fruit  and  vegetables  grow  here  in  lavish  pro- 
fusion. From  the  winds  and  cold  it  is  shel- 
tered by  vertical  mountains,  rising  from  2,000 
to  6,000  feet.  The  scenery  is  magnificent. 
Above  Mission  river  this  canyon  widens  into  a 
beautiful  level  valley,  containing  about  3,600 
acres.  Brender's  canyon,  which  opens  into 
Mission  Valley,  is  another  handsome  place. 
There  is  something  entrancing  about  this  Mis- 
sion, whether  it  is  the  air,  the  river,  the  moun- 
tain scenery,  or  all  combined. 

in  August,  1903,  L.  M.  Hull,  as  secretary, 
sent  in  a  report  from  the  Chelan  County  Hor- 
ticultural and  Floricultural  Association,  to  the 
United  States  Promological  society.  It  was  at 
the  request  of  Charles  H.  Ross,  who  is  chair- 
man of  the  Washington  committee  of  that  as- 
sociation, and  the  report  was  made  to  him.  The 
points  covered  are  answers  to  interrogatories 
from  Mr.  Ross: 

"This  fruit  section,  consisting  of  territory 
mostly  found  in  Shelan  county,  is  commonly 
known  as  the  'Wenatchee  Fruit  Belt,'  from 
the  fact  that  the  country  immediately  sur- 
rounding the  town  of  \Venatchee  has  for  sev- 
eral years  past  shipped  considerable  quantities 
of  its  product  east  and  west,  over  the  Great 
Northern  Railway.  Also  for  the  seasons  1901 
and  1902  Wenatchee  successfully  competed  for 
premiums  at  Washington  State  and  Spokane 
Inter-State  fairs.  There  are,  however,  other 
sections  equally  good  for  fruit  raising,  viz : 
Mission,  Entiat,  Chelan,  Malaga,  and  Orondo, 
the  latter  country  being  situated  about  twenty 
miles  up  the  Columbia  river,  in  Douglas 
county. 

"To  illustrate  the  importance  of  this  sec- 
tion as  a  fruit  producer,  permit  me  to  say  that 


^Venatchee  growers,  within  a  few  minutes 
dv'we  of  the  town  of  Wenatchee,  won  seventeen 
medals  at  the  Buffalo  Pan-American  Exposi- 
tion, this  being  more  than  one-third  of  the 
number  won  by  the  state,  which  was  forty-two. 
These  figures,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  the 
state  of  Washington  won  the  gold  medal  for 
the  best  sustained  display  of  fruits  speak  for 
themselves.  The  conditions  governing  the 
production  of  fruits  in  this  district,  briefly 
stated,  are  somewhat  as  follows :  Altitude 
immediately  on  the  Columbia  river  at 
this  point,  six  hundred  feet,  with  gentle  slope 
to  the  foot-hills  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  a 
distance  of  from  three  to  four  miles.  The  cli- 
mate is  such  that  all  the  semi-tropical  fruits 
are  grown  with  remarkable  success.  On  the 
uplands  back  from  the  valley  are  also  success- 
fully grown  fruits  of  many  kinds,  making  a 
long  season  for  certain  varieties.  For  instance, 
strawberries  are  on  the  Wenatchee  markets 
from  May  until  the  latter  part  of  July.  All 
the  fruit  sections  of  this  district  are  irrigated 
excepting  a  few  farms  in  Douglas  county,  and 
the  Lake  Chelan  country." 

Late  in  February,  1900,  the  Chelan  county 
Horticultural  Society  was  organized.  This 
was  at  the  time  when  the  creation  of  the  county 
had  become  an  assured  thing  by  an  act  of  leg- 
islature then  in  session.  The  first  official  act  of 
the  association  was  to  elect  a  county  fruit  in- 
spector, which  election  was  promptly  ratified 
by  the  county  commissioners,  in  accordance 
with  the  state  law.  The  inspection  of  nursery 
stock,  however,  was  not  the  only  thing  that  the 
fruit  growers  had  in  view  when  they  decided 
to  organize.  Section  i.  Article  3,  of  the  con- 
stitution reads  as  follows : 

"The  object  of  this  association  shall  be  to 
guard  against  the  introduction  of  fruit  insect 
pests  into  the  county,  the  destruction  of  such 
pests  as  already  may  be  here,  and  the  promo- 
tion of  any  enterprise  that  may  redound  to  the 
benefit  of  the  horticultural  and  floricultural  in- 
dustry of  the  country." 


702 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


This  provides  for  a  wide  field  of  operations, 
and  clearly  sets  forth  the  aims  and  purposes  of 
the  society.  During  the  four  years  of  its  ex- 
istence the  association  has  sought  in  various 
ways  to  disseminate  information  of  benefit  to 
fruit  growers.  It  has  annually  arranged  for, 
and  borne  the  local  expenses  of  farmers'  insti- 
tutes, the  lecturers  being  furnished  by  the  state 
agricultural  college.     These  meetings  have  al- 


ways been  of  much  interest  and  value.  It  goes 
without  saying  that  a  Wenatchee  hve-acre  fruit 
ranch  will  make  as  much  work  and  more  in- 
come than  a  hundred  and  sixty-acre  grain 
farm.  It  is  quite  probable  that  so  marked  a 
feature  will  become  the  small  holdings  of  We- 
natchee flat  proper  that  in  the  future  it  will  be 
known  as  the  city  of  small  farms. 


CHAPTER   m. 


MINES  AND  MINING. 


Within  the  confines  of  the  present  county 
of  Chelan  is  located  the  first  quartz  mine  ever 
opened  in  the  state  of  Washington  so  far  as 
the  records  show.  It  is  the  testimony  of  Mr. 
McKee,  an  old  prospector  and  miner,  that  he 
prospected  the  Chelan  district  as  early  as  1875, 
making  a  trip  up  Lake  Chelan  long  before  there 
was  a  white  man  in  the  country.  Since  that 
period  mining  has  been  followed  in  a  desult- 
tory  manner,  and  it  was  not  until  July  20, 
1896,  that  the  great  strike  of  the  Holden  mine 
was  made  by  J.  H.  Holden,  a  Colorado  mining 
man.  This  mine  is  situated  ten  miles  up  Rail- 
road creek,  which  flows  into  Lake  Chelan. 

While  this  is  not  the  only  mine  in  the  Lake 
Chelan  country  it  is  believed  to  be  well  within 
the  facts  to  state  that  it  is  at  present  the  best 
developed  property  on  the  lake.  By  the 
Chelan  Leader  the  Holden  mine  is  claimed  "ac- 
cording to  the  showing  and  assays  to  be  the 
most  monumental  ore  body  existing  in  the  en- 
tire Pacific  northwest,  without  exception." 

This  valuable  property  consists  of  three  full 
claims,  extending  diagonally  across  the  face 
of  a  steep  mountain  side.  The  showing  pre- 
sented so  early  as  July.   1901.  was  amazing. 


The  editor  of  the  Leader  asserts :  '"So  vast  was 
it  that  he  naturally  hesitated  to  attempt  to  tell 
its  dimensions,  lest  his  reputation  for  truth  and 
veracity  should  be  seriously  injured."  For  a 
distance  of  three  thousand  feet  the  ledge  is  ex- 
posed on  the  surface,  and  from  the  highest  to 
the  lowest  exposure  the  depth  is  fully  seven 
hundred  feet.  At  the  date  last  mentioned  Tun- 
nel No.  I,  near  the  highest  point,  had  cross-cut 
some  eighty  feet  all  in  ore.  Near  the  lowest 
outcrop  a  cross-cut  tunnel  has  been  run  hun- 
dred and  twenty-eight  feet,  all  in  ore.  without 
finding  the  hanging  wall  and  with  surface  indi- 
cations that  at  least  seventy-tive  feet  more 
would  have  to  be  made  to  gain  the  other  wall. 
An  average  assay  gave  $18.75  through  a  dis- 
tance of  ninetv  feet  in  this  tunnel  (No.  2).  A 
conservative  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  ore  in 
sight,  placing  the  depth  at  400,  and  the  length 
on  surface  at  3,000  feet,  and  width  at  100  feet, 
rating  the  value  per  ton  at  $12.  gave  a  result  of 
$120,000,000. 

Since  that  period  a  tunnel  over  500  feet  in 
length,  500  feet  lower  down,  has  been  run,  and 
recently  struck  the  ledge  after  first  cutting  a 
twelve-foot  stringer  that  had  been  encountered 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


703 


above.  The  tunnel  is  now  run  all  in  ore  of  rich 
quality.  Eight  hundred  feet  is  the  present  to- 
tal depth  of  the  ledge.  While  clearing  away 
for  an  ore  dump  near  tunnel  No.  2  workmen 
uncovered  a  vein  of  galena,  the  extent  of  which 
is  unknown.  But  it  is  believed  it  will  furnish 
all  the  ore  of  this  quality  necessary  for  smelt- 
ing purposes.  The  highest  assays  taken  from 
all  points  on  the  ledge  give  the  value  of  $52, 
and  the  lowest  $5.90.  This  property  is  owned 
by  the  Holden  Gold  &  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  which  J.  H.  Holden,  the  discoverer, 
is  president.  The  Chelan  Transportation  & 
Smelting  Company,  which  has  a  contract  with 
the  Holden  company  to  transport  and  smelt  its 
ore  for  a  term  of  years,  has  let  contracts  which 
will  probably  insure  the  completion  of  a  twelve- 
mile  railroad  from  the  lake  to  the  mine.  Of 
this  remarkable  mine  the  Chelan  Leader,  of 
date  November  21,  1901,  said: 

"The  total  length  of  the  property  is  4,500 
feet,  and  the  ore  body  is  known  to  extend  at 
least  500  feet  above  the  floor  of  cross-cut  tun- 
nel No.  2.  The  known  width  of  the  ore  body 
thus  far  is  119  feet — and  is  probably  75  feet 
more,  or  nearly  200  feet  in  width.  But  let  us 
take  the  length  of  exposed  ore,  3,000  feet; 
place  its  width — to  be  within  bounds — at  100 
feet,  and  the  known  height  of  the  ore  at  400 
feet,  which  gives  a  total  of  120,000,000  cubic 
feet  of  ore.  It  takes  10  cubic  feet  of  solid  ore, 
or  12  (some  say  13)  feet  of  loose  ore  to  make 
a  ton.  At  12  cubic  feet  to  the  ton  it  ecjuals  10,- 
000,000  tons  of  ore,  which  at  $18  per  ton,  the 
lowest  average  of  all  the  assays,  gives  the  stu- 
pendous value  to  the  ore  now  in  sight  and  easily 
demonstrable  of  $180,000,000.  Or  to  let  it 
down  still  lower,  place  the  average  value  of  the 
ore  at  $12  per  ton,  and  it  still  shows  the  value 
of  the  ore  in  sight  to  equal  the  enormous  sum 
of  $120,000,000.  Where  can  anything  ap- 
proaching this  mine  in  magnitude  and  wealth 
be  found  ?  Certainly  not  elsewhere  in  the  state 
of  Washington. 

"Taking  into  account  the  fact  that  the  Hol- 


den mine  is  a  true  fissure  vein ;  that  the  hang- 
ing wall  has  not  yet  been  reached;  that  there 
is  more  ore  in  sight  than  can  be  exhausted  for 
a  generation  or  two  to  come,  without  going  a 
foot  lower,  or  increasing  a  foot  in  width ;  and 
that  almost,  invariably,  large  copper  ledges  go 
down  for  thousands  of  feet — well,  the  possibili- 
ties of  this  wonderful  proposition  are  simply 
staggering. 

"Tunnel  No.  3  has  been  started  below  the 
largest  cross-cut  tunnel  and  is  expected  to  tap 
the  ledge  some  400  feet  deeper.  When  the 
ledge  is  reached  by  that  tunnel  it  will  be  con- 
nected by  a  shaft  with  the  upper  workings,  and 
the  whole  mine  can  be  worked  downward  on 
the  gravity  principle.  On  the  12th  day  of  No- 
vember, 1900,  the  Holden  group  passed  under 
the  control  of  the  Drummers  Development 
Company,  of  Spokane,  under  a  seven  years' 
lease  from  the  Holden  Gold  &  Copper  Mining 
Company.  This  company  will  push  the  work 
of  getting  the  ore  ready  for  shipment  which,  as 
has  been  shown,  is  a  comparatively  easy  propo- 
sition. At  the  time  of  the  execution  of  the  lease 
another  company,  composed  principally  of  the 
stockholders  of  the  Development  company,  but 
separate  and  distinct  from  it,  was  organized 
under  the  name  of  the  Chelan  Transportation 
&  Smelting  company,  to  take  care  of  the  trans- 
portation and  smelting  end  o-f  the  proposition. 
The  Holden  ore  is  what  is  known  as  self-flux- 
ing smelting  ore.  The  latter  company  entered 
into  contract  with  the  former  to  transport 
and  smelt  the  ore  at  minimum  price 
per  ton,  and  to  have  a  smelter  in  operation  at 
the  expiration  of  the  first  two  years.  The  of- 
ficers of  the  company  are :  Fred  R.  Thompson, 
of  Seattle,  president;  G.  A.  Gordon,  of  San 
Francisco,  vice-president;  Thomas  Malony,  of 
Olympia,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  R.  D.  John- 
son, of  Spokane,  general  manager. 

The  Entiat  Valley  bids  fair  to  be  noted  at 
no  distant  day  for  its  mining  industries  alto- 
together,  aside  from  its  rich  agricultural  re- 
sources.    Extensive  ledges  of  copper  and  gold 


704 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


are  known  to  exist  far  up  toward  the  head  of 
tlie  Entiat  river.  They  are  gold-bearing  min- 
erals as  well  as  galena,  and  they  present  a 
virgin  field,  having  hardly  been  prospected 
to  an  extent.  The  most  prominent  and 
best  developed  mines  in  the  Entiat  valley  are 
near  the  lower  end  and  easily  accessible.  They 
were  discovered  during  the  years  1902-3  by 
]\Ir.  and  Mrs.  E.  J.  Crum.  They  were  farmers 
who  had  settled  a  short  distance  up  a  spring 
branch,  flowing  into  the  Entiat  river.  At  pres- 
ent Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crum  are  located  on  a  pro- 
ductive ranch.  From  the  town  of  Entiat  to 
the  mines  the  distance  is  about  ten  miles  by  a 
roundabout  road,  although  an  air-line  route 
would  fall  within  two  or  three  miles.  The  pre- 
cipitiousness  of  the  mountain  renders  such  a 
road  impossible.  These  mines  are  known  as 
the  Rex  and  Ethel.  The  ledge  extending  in 
a  northeasterly  and  southwesterly  direction  is 
about  six  feet  wide  between  well  defined  gran- 
ite walls,  faced  with  talc.  The  ledge  matter  is 
decomposed  quartz,  carrying  free  gold,  easily 
panned  and  exceedingly  rich.  In  close  con- 
tact to  the  walls  .are  particularly  rich  streaks, 
while  the  middle  strata  runs  much  lower  in 
values.  Still,  with  proper  appliances  for  treat- 
ment it  is  all  "pay  ore,"  the  latter  assaying  $10 
per  ton.  Some  picked  samples  have  shown 
assays  running  over  $1,700  per  ton.  The  pres- 
ent development  consists,  aside  from  a  number 
of  open  cuts,  of  an  80-foot  tunnel,  run  in  on  the 
ledge,  and  an  upraise  to  the  surface  of  between 
70  and  80  feet,  all  heavily  timbered,  which  is 
necessitated  by  the  loose,  crumbling  nature  of 
the  ledge.  For  about  300  feet  the  ledge  is 
easily  traced  on  the  surface. 

Only  a  few  rods  away  from  the  tunnel  and 
higher  up  on  the  mountain  is  another  open  cut 
on  another  vein  in  five  or  six  feet.  At  the  grass 
roots  the  vein  pans  coarser  gold  than  the  first 
ledge  mentioned,  some  of  the  particles  being 
half  as  large  as  a  pin  head.  One  pan  test 
yielded  nearly  a  teaspoonful  of  yellow  metal. 
At    the    point    of    development    the    altitude 


of  these  claims  is  about  2,000  feet  aljove 
sea  level.  At  the  ranch,  one  mile  below,  a 
two-stamp  mill  has  been  installed,  with  an  ex- 
cellent wagon  road  leading  to  it.  At  this  mill 
the  ores  are  crushed,  the  values  being  saved  by 
a  sluice  box  and  rififles,  similar  in  all  respects 
to  placer  mining.  It  is  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Crum  that  he  saves,  in  this  crude  manner,  an 
average  value  of  $40  per  ton.  Mrs.Crum  is 
herself  an  enthusiastic  and  successful  prospec- 
tor. About  one  and  one-half  miles  above  the 
Rex  mine  she  recently  located  the  North  Star 
claim,  at  an  elevation  of  2,200  feet,  with  three 
feet  of  hard  quartz,  well  mineralized  l^etween 
granite  walls. 

Of  the  Horseshoe  Basin  Mines  the  Chelan 
Leader,  of  date  August  14,  1903,  says: 

"T.  S.  Burgoyne  is  president  of  the  Horse- 
shoe Basin  Mining  &  Development  Company, 
W'hich  owns  the  Black  Warrior  on  one  ledge 
and  three  claims  on  another  and  parallel  ledge, 
known  as  the  Davenport  Nos.  i,  2,  and  3.  The 
Black  Warrior  was  located  about  1891  by 
Messrs.  Pershall  and  Kingman,  who  also  dis- 
covered and  located  the  Davenport  later.  They 
are  east  and  west  ledges,  the  Black  Warrior 
lying  at  an  altitude  of  6,000  feet,  and  the 
Davenport  (outcropping  and  surface  develop- 
ment) at  between  8,000  and  9,000  feet.  The 
Black  Warrior  varies  in  width  from  20  to  30 
feet,  with  a  pay  streak  of  two  to  eight  feet,  car- 
rying galena  and  chalcopyrites,  with  silver 
values.  A  ton  of  the  Davenport  ore  shipped 
to  the  smelter  gave  a  return  of  $74  in  lead, 
copper,  silver  and  gold.  Assays  on  the  latter 
have  given  as  high  as  $28  in  gold,  $91  in  silver 
and  $35  in  lead. 

"To  develop  the  Davenport  two  companies, 
the  one  under  consideration  and  the  Cascade 
Gold  &  Copper  Mining  Company,  are  running 
a  joint  tunnel,  and  a  force  of  men  and  ample 
supplies  were  taken  in  last  fall,  and  work  was 
continued  during  the  whole  winter  for  the  first 
time  in  the  history  of  Horseshoe  Basin.  The 
snowfall  was  over  50  feet  and  sometimes  it 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


705 


took  the  men  days  of  tunnelling  through  snow 
to  find  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  after  a  night 
or  a  day  or  so  lay-off.  They  have  built  comfort- 
able cabins  this  year  and  electric  drills  are  be- 
ing installed  and  jMr.  Burgoyne  thought  they 
would  be  in  operation  within  ten  days.  The 
tunnel  is  now  75  feet  in,  but  the  work  will  pro- 
gress much  faster  with  the  electric  drills.  They 
have  300  feet  more  to  go  to  strike  the  ledge,  at 
a  depth  of  700  feet,  which  will  probably  be  ac- 
complished by  January  i,  1904." 

The  Baker  Mountain  Mining  Company,  in 
which  Judge  O.  P.  Mason,  of  Seattle,  is  inter- 
ested, owns  properties  located  on  the  head- 
waters of  Thunder  creek.  Associated  with 
Judge  Mason  are  Fred  Mears  and  R.  S.  Mears, 
of  Minneapolis ;  R.  B.  Mears,  of  Topeka,  Kan- 
sas; J.  M.  Allen,  Minneapolis;  Professor  Ed- 
ward M.  Shepard,  Springfield,  Missouri, 
state  geologist,  and  who  is  also  connected  with 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  and 
Henry  S.  Volman,  of  Milbank,  South  Dakota, 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  G?-ant  County  Re- 
view. Judge  jMason  reports  these  properties 
as  being  in  a  very  prosperous  condition.  A 
300-foot  tunnel  is  in  process  of  construction, 
which  will  cross-cut  one  of  the  ledg'es  on  the 
company's  property.  It  is  the  intention  of  these 
parties  to  install  a  55-ton  Vulcan  smelter.  The 
company's  property  is  about  30  miles  from 
Stehekin,  just  across  the  Park  creek  divide 
from  Horseshoe  Basin.  Judge  J^Iason  is  presi- 
dent of  the  company. 

Speaking  of  the  Emerald  Park  mines  the 
Chelan  Leader,  of  November  6,  1903,  says: 

"The  Copper  Queen  group  of  eight  claims 
is  situated  above  and  back  of  Dumke's  lake,  at 
an  altitude  of  6,000  feet  above  sea  level,  and 
about  five  miles  from  Lake  Chelan,  at  Railroad 
creek  bar.  The  width  of  the  ledge  is  si.x  feet. 
The  point  of  discovery  is  against  a  steep  cliff. 
A  tunnel  was  begun  100  feet  lower,  in  which 
the  ore  was  struck  almost  at  once.  Besides  sev- 
eral open  cuts  this  tunnel  lias  been  run  in  25 


feet.  The  ore  is  pyrites  of  copper  and  gold  and 
assays  show  an  average  to  the  ton  of  $102.70. 
This  is  the  average  of  the  whole  six  feet  of  the 
ledge. 

"These  claims  were  first  discovered  about 
four  years  ago  and  the  company  has  been  peg- 
ging away  at  development  work  since,  until 
now  they  have  what  promises  to  be  a  valuable 
mine.  It  is  a  tramway  proposition,  by  which 
the  ore  can  be  landed  cheaply  and  expeditiously 
upon  the  lake  shore.  Aside  from  the  mineral 
value  of  the  claims  they  are  situated  in  the 
midst  of  the  finest  scenery  in  the  lake  country. 
Mr.  A.  L.  Cool,  one  of  the  owners,  was  for- 
tunate in  securing  a  homestead  claim  on  the 
shore  of  Dumke's  lake — which  is  about  1,000 
feet  higher  than  Lake  Chelan — before  the  for- 
est reser\'e  law  went  into  effect." 

Seventeen  claims  are  owned  by  the  Cascade 
Consolidated  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  lo- 
cated at  Doubtful  lake,  on  the  headwaters  of 
the  Stehekin  river,  in  Cascade  Pass,  on  the 
present  Great  Northern  survey,  and  25  miles 
west  of  Stehekin.  Concerning  this  property 
Mr.   Rowse  said : 

"The  company  is  capitalized  at  $850,000, 
and  we  have  a  group  of  very  rich  claims  up 
there  at  Doubtful  lake.  Over  $20,000  has  been 
expended  in  development  work  and  several 
tunnels  are  in  over  200  feet.  A  saw  mill  is 
now  being  built,  which  we  expect  to  finish  this 
winter,  and  then  we  shall  be  in  a  position  to 
erect  many  good  frame  buildings.  Four  of 
the  claims  have  been  put  in  shape  for  shipping 
ore.  All  the  claims  are  so  located  on  a  moun- 
tain side  so  that  one  tunnel  can  pass  through 
all  the  ledges,  opening  them  up  at  a  depth  of 
from  300  to  3,000  feet.  This  tunnel  will  so 
drain  the  mines  that  there  will  be  no  expense 
for  pumping  plants.  There  is  plenty  of  timber 
and  water  to  be  had.  The  veins  in  these  mines 
are  true  fissure  and  are  from  four  to  fifty  feet 
in  width,  giving  values  in  gold,  silver,  copper 
and   lead.      Returns    from   the   United    States 


7o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Survey  office  at  Seattle,  A.  McCollough,  B.  A., 
M.  E.,  Tacoma  and  others,  give  $22.60, 
$88.36,  $75.08.  $110  and  $57.56  per  ton. 

"We  will  install  compressor  drills  and  a 
concentrator  this  coming  spring,  and  just  as 
soon  as  possible  we  will  also  put  in  a  smelter 
plant,  ^\'e  are  working  continually  on  the 
mines  and  expect  to  make  still  greater  showing 
by  spring." 

The  officers  of  this  company  are  George  L. 
Rowse.  president,  Seattle:  Charles  M.  Baxter, 
vice-president.  Castle  Rock,  Washington;  W. 
A.  C.  Rowse.  secretary  and  treasurer.  Kelso, 
\\'ashington.  The  headquarters  of  the  company 
are  located  in  Seattle. 

The  Doubtful  Lake  camp,  which  lies  to  the 
westward  of  Horseshoe  Basin,  and  nearer  Cas- 
cade Pass,  was  discovered  by  the  Ro.wses, 
George  and  John,  partners,  but  not  relatives,  in 
1886.  This  was  three  years  before  the  dis- 
covery of  mining  opportunities  in  Horseshoe 
Basin.  Their  principal  location  was  the  Ouien 
Salje. 

Eighteen  miles  up  Railroad  creek  from 
Lake  Chelan  is  an  extensive  molybdenite  mine, 
the  only  development  of  the  kind  in  the  state 
of  Washington,  if  not  in  the  United  States.  It 
is  the  property  of  the  Crown  Point  Mineral 
company,  with  headquarters  at  Seattle.  Tis 
mine  is  unique  in  mining  experiences  in  the 
Pacific  northwest,  or  on  the  continent  for  that 
matter,  there  being  only  six  places  in  the  world 
where  molybdenite  is  mined  in  paying  quan- 
tities— Sweden  ,  Norway  ,  Bohemia,  Saxony 
New  South  Wales  and  in  Chelan  county — and 
nowhere  in  the  five  former  places  are  so  large 
pieces,  or  "kidneys"  found  as  in  the  latter 
place.  The  metal  is  among  the  rarest  known 
to  geologists:  Few  people  have  ever  heard  of 
it,  and  still  fewer  have  any  idea  of  its  uses  or 
value. 

Molybdenite  is  a  rare  and  precious  metal, 
which  occurs  in  granite,  gneiss,  mica  schist  and 
granular  limestone.  It  is  found  in  thin,  foli- 
ated, hexagonal  plates  or  masses ;  is  very  flex- 


ible, feels  greasy  and  will  leave  a  trace  on  pa- 
per like  soft  graphite,  which  mineral  it  resem- 
bles, but  is  much  more  flexible,  and  its  color  is 
a  bluish  gray.  In  chemistry  alone  over  three 
thousand  tons  are  used  annually.  The  moly- 
bdic  acid  sold  by  wholesale  druggists  at  thirty- 
fi\-e  cents  per  ounce  and  molybdenum  powder, 
quoted  at  $2.62  per  kilogram,  or  $2,380  per 
ton,  are  extracted  from  molylxlenite.  This 
metal  is  in  great  demand  in  the  manufacture 
of  armor  plate,  crucible  vessels,  self-hardening 
tool  steel,  in  coating  large  cartridges  used  in 
rapid-firing  guns  on  battleships,  also  in  gun 
metal,  in  the  manufacture  of  jewelry,  or  as  a 
lubricant,  and  heat  has  no  efifect  on  it  whatever. 

The  company  has  two  veins  of  molybdenite 
and  the  white  quartz  in  which  it  is  found  also 
carries  free  gold.  On  the  same  claims,  not  far 
from  the  molybdenite  mine  is  a  thirty-foot 
ledge,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper  of  a 
gross  value  of  $103.32  per  ton.  Considerable 
of  this  molybdemte  has  already  been  shipped 
to  the  United  States  gun  works,  located  near 
Philadelphia.  Pennsylvania.  One  shipment  of 
between  900  and  i.ooo  poimds  was  made  late 
last  fall,  which  realized  $4.50  per  pound.  'Mv. 
Rubin,  who  has  charge  of  the  development 
work  of  this  property,  has  succeeded  in  secur- 
ing a  piece  about  eight  inches  square,  which  is 
to  be  shipped  to  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair. 

The  country  rock  of  the  Lake  Chelan  dis- 
trict is  granite,  amid  which  lie  great  dikes  of 
porphyry.  The  ledges  are  usually  in  the  con- 
tact between  these  two  rocks  in  the  Meadow 
creek  dietrict,  their  course  being  slightly 
south  of  west  and  north  of  east.  In  1891  the 
first  prospecting  was  done  from  row  boats  on 
the  lake,  whence  the  croppings  of  mineral  were 
could  be  descried  along  the  mountains  on  each 
side.  The  heights  were  scaled  the  following 
year  and  more  thoroughly  explored.  The  Blue 
Jay.  on  the  east  bank  of  Meadow  creek,  one 
thousand  feet  above  the  east  bank  of  the  lake, 
was  discovered  by  Captain  Charles  Johnson, 
of  Lakeside.    It  is  now  being  developed  by  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Chelan  Gold  Mining  Company.  The  red  iron 
cappings  of  the  ledge  rise  in  a  series  of  big 
swells  on  both  sides  of  and  alx)ve  a  slide,  in 
which  the  crumbled,  iron-stained  rock  slopes 
for  200  feet  down  to  the  west  bench.  It  is  a 
clearly  defined  ledge  of  iron  and  copper  py- 
rites from  30  to  45  feet  wide  between  walls  of 
porphyry  and  granite,  the  line  of  cleavage  be- 
ing marked  by  seams  of  quartz.  Eight  feet  of 
the  ledge  is  white  quartz,  and  ten  feet  diorite, 
exactly  like  that  of  other  sulphide  districts. 
Assays  of  surface  ore  showed  that  it  carried 
$8  in  gold,  twelve  per  cent,  copper,  and  a  little 
silver.  The  Blue  Jay  has  been  traced  eastward 
W'here  it  widens  to  sixty  feet  on  the  two  Gem 
claims,  owned  by  Captain  Johnson,  and  on  the 
Blue  Jay  extension,  owned  by  O.  Graham,  of 
Anacortes,  where  a  30-fooot  open  cut  and  tun- 
nel showed  it  to  be  well  mineralized,  with  a  pay 
streak  carrying  $10  to  $19  in  gold  and  half  of 
that  in  silver.  Further  extension  eastward 
traces  the  ledge  through  the  Winnipeg,  owned 
by  A.  Crumrine,  the  two  Iron  Cross  claims  of 
Messrs.  Turner  and  Bull,  and  onward  to  the 
summit.  Five  distinct  ledges  parallel  with  the 
Blue  Jay  have  been  traced,  some  of  them  to  the 
summit  of  the  Methow  range. 

The  Stehekin  district,  with  a  story  of  a  lost 
mine,  dating  back  to  1880,  has  a  mining  his- 
tory commencing  in  the  year  1885.  Along  the 
summit  of  the  range  it  extends  northward 
from  Cascade  Pass,  including  the  entire  water 
shed  of  the  Stehekin  river.  On  Doubtful  lake, 
north  of  the  pass,  discoveries  began  and  these 
extended  to  Horseshoe  Basin  and  along  each 
side  of  the  Stehekin  canyon,  up  Park  and 
Bridge  creeks,  flowing  from  the  right,  and 
thence  up  Agnes  and  Company  creeks  to  the 
left.  The  high  grade  ore  from  these  proper- 
ties would  pay  a  handsome  profit  on  shipment 
to  the  smelter.  Of  two  kinds  is  the  ore — one 
carrying  galena,  gray  copper  and  sulphides  in 
which  silver  is  the  principal  value,  althsugh 
there  is  a  large  admixture  of  gold ;  the  other 
cirrying  iron  and  copper  sulphides  under  the 


familiar  iron  cap,  which  is  a  sure  sign  of  min- 
eral deposit  throughout  the  Cascades,  or  in  the 
Gold  Range. 

Down  by  the  glaciers  of  Horseshoe  Basin 
galena  ledges  ha\e  been  traced  twelve  miles 
eastward  to  the  head  of  Bridge  creek,  twenty- 
three  and  one-half  miles  by  trail  from  Stehekin. 
They  are  found  parallel,  or  associated  with  the 
ledges  of  pyritic  ore  in  a  formation  of  granite 
and  porphyry.  Of  the  Tiger  group  of  claims 
owned  by  H.  O.  Hollenbeck,  Van  Smith.  Pro- 
fessor Piper,  George  Young,  H.  Willis  Carr 
and  others,  three  claims  are  on  a  ledge  fifty 
feet  wide,  running  northeast  and  southwest, 
near  the  head  of  the  north  fork.  Three  pay 
streaks  are  shown  by  the  croppings,  24,  18  and 
6  inches  wide,  two  of  them  carrying  galena, 
steel  galena,  gray  copper  and  sulphurets,  as 
shown  in  a  20- foot  open  cut,  while  a  12-foot 
shaft  shows  the  third  to  change  from  large  ga- 
lena crystals  to  sulphides.  Assays  range  from 
103  to  176  ounces  of  silver,  and  uniformly 
show  about  $24  in  gold.  Three  other  claims 
are  on  a  parallel  ledge  five  feet  wide,  in  which 
a  twenty  foot  tunnel  shows  a  14-inch  streak 
of  white  iron  assaying  $6  gold  and  $8  silver, 
besides  copper. 

Of  the  \\'enatchee  District  ]Mr.  L.  K.  Hod- 
ges says : 

The  city  of  Wenatchee  is  known  chiefly  as  the 
outfitting  point  for  the  districts  in  Okanogan  county 
north  of  it,  being  the  connecting  point  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad  and  the  Columbia  river  steamer  line, 
but  it  also  has  the  making  of  a  mining  camp  at  its  back 
door,  within  three  miles  of  it  by  wagon  road.  The  ore 
is  low  grade  bearing  gold  and  a  small  proportion  of 
silver,  but  it  is  in  such  large  deposits  that,  if  worked 
on  a  considerable  scale  with  modern  methods  and  skill- 
ful management,  it  would  pay  handsome  dividends. 
The  deposit  is  a  great  dike  of  porphyry  in  which  are 
numerous  veins  of  quartz,  and  extends  over  three  miles 
in  an  almost  due  north  and  south  course  from  Squil- 
chuck  creek  to  Canyon  No.  2,  directly  back  of  the  town 
among  the  foothills.  The  principal  work  in  this  district 
has  b»en  done  on  the  Golden  King  group  of  three 
claims,  located  by  M.  J.  Carkeek,  of  Seattle,  and  is 
owned  by  the  Golden  King  JNIining  Company,  of  Se- 
attle. 

The  dike  is  a  veritable  landmark  in  the  Squilchuck 


7o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


canyon,  standing  out  on  the  north  side,  one  mile  from 
the  Cohimbia,  from  too  to  150  feet  wide  between  walls 
of  bastard  granite  rising  in  a  great  cluster  of  pinnacles 
and  spires  of  bright  red,  yellow  and  brown  to  a  height 
of  150  feet  above  the  road  and  growing  taller  toward 
the  crest  of  the  hill  until  it  reaches  an  elevation  of  500 
feet.  The  whole  dike  is  more  or  less  mineralized,  the 
porphyry  carrying  about  $2  gold  besides  silver,  but  the 
best  value  is  in  the  quartz  stringers,  which  range  in 
width  from  six  inches  to  seven  feet,  and  have  given 
assays  ranging  from  $4  to  $16.  The  dike  is  so  thor- 
oughly mineralized  from  the  very  surface  that  it  could 
be  mined  very  cheaply,  in  fact  it  could  be  quarried  out, 
and  with  a  large  stamp  mill  reduced  profitably. 

The  Peshastin  and  Negro  creeks  districts 
Mr.  Hodges  describes  as  follows: 

About  midway  between  the  two  transcontinental 
railroads  which  traverse  the  state  of  Washington  from 
east  to  west  lies  the  district  where  the  first  stamp  mill 
in  the  state  was  erected.  Taking  the  Northern  Pacific 
train  from  Seattle  Cle-eluni,  122  miles,  one  can  ride  or 
drive  to  Biewett,  the  center  of  the  district,  a  distance 
of  thirty-two  miles  over  a  good  road,  or  taking  the 
Great  Northern  train  to  Leavenworth,  150  miles,  one 
can  go  over  a  good  road  fourteen  miles  to  the  mouth  of 
Ingalls  creek,  and  thence  by  trail  five  miles  to  the  camp 
farthest  up  Negro  creek  or  four  miles  to  Biewett.  A 
road  four  miles  long  would  close  the  only  gap  in  the 
road  between  the  two  railroads. 

The  mineral  belt  through  which  Peshastin  creek 
flows  northward  into  the  Wenatchee  river,  receiving 
Ingalls  and  Negro  creeks  as  tributaries  from  the  west, 
and  Ruby  creek  from  the  east,  has  a  totally  different 
geological  formation  from  the  country  north  and  south 
of  it.  To  the  north,  from  a  line  cutting  across  the  Chi- 
wah  river  some  distance  above  its  mouth  is  a  sandstone 
formation  which  terminates  on  the  northwest  about 
the  mouth  of  Icicle  creek,  a  granite  formation  lying 
north  of  it  up  the  Chiwah  river  to  Red  Hill.  About 
seven  miles  up  the  Peshastin  this  sandstone  gives  way 
to  a  series  of  strata  of  metamorphic  rocks,  including 
serpentine,  syenite,  diorite,  magnesian  limestone,  talc, 
porphyry,  porphyritic  quartzite  and  granite.  In  the 
dikes  of  porphyritic  quartzite  occur  ledges  of  nickel, 
silver  and  copper  ore  and  some  gold  with  gouges  of  talc, 
the  dikes  having  a  general  trend  from  northwest  to 
southeast,  but  bending  generally  more  to  an  east  and 
west  line.  On  the  one  side  this  belt  terminates  two 
miles  southeast  of  Biewett,  and  to  the  west  it  gradually 
widens  toward,  the  base  of  }iIount  Stuart,  which  peak 
it  includes.  It  extends  into  the  Swauk  district,  where 
it  forms  a  basin  and  swings  to  the  northwest. 

Mineral  was  first  discovered  in  this  district  about 
i860  by  a  party  of  miners  returning  from  Fraser  river, 
but  they  only  worked  the  placers  and  gradually  drifted 
away.    One  of  them,  a  negro,  took  out  $1,100  in  a  season. 


from  the  bars  at  the  mouth  of  Negro  creek,  giving  that 
stream  its  name.  It  was  not  until  1874  that  t'le  first 
quartz  ledge  was  discovered.  In  that  year  John  Shafer 
located  the  Culver  on  a  ledge  of  free  milling  ore  near 
the  summit  of  the  mountain  dividing  the  Negro  creek 
canyon  on  the  one  side  from  the  Culver  draw  on  the 
other,  but  was  a  short  time  behind  Samuel  Culver,  who 
located  the  Polepick  on  a  parallel  ledge.  Culver  then 
took  the  Humming  Bird  on  another  ledge,  James  Lock- 
wood  staked  out  the  Bobtail  adjoining  it,  and  John 
Olden  and  Peter  Wilder  took  the  Fraction ;  John  Olden 
and  Samuel  Culver  the  Little  Culver.  All  these  claims 
except  the  Polepick  and  Little  Culver  were  shortly  after- 
ward bought  by  James  Lockwood  and  his  son,  E.  W. 
Lockwood,  and  H.  ^I.  Cooper,  who  erected  a  six-stamp 
mill  with  one  Frue  Vanner,  which  they  operated  by 
water  power.  The  mill  reduced  eight  tons  of  ore  in 
twenty-four  hours,  and  the  cleanup  from  the  first  nine 
days'  run  was  $2,100.  The  company  also  had  an  arrastre 
with  a  capacity  of  one  thousand  pounds  a  day,  of  which 
the  product  averaged  $70  a  day.  After  running  the 
mine  and  mil  for  eight  years  this  company  sold  it  to 
Thomas  Johnson,  who  shut  down  after  a  short  run. 
Then  arose  the  dispute  as  to  the  ownership  of  the  prop- 
erty which  culminated  in  the  killing  of  William  Dona- 
hue by  Thomas  Johnson  in  1896,  but  this  did  not  pre- 
vent the  sale  in  1891  to  the  Culver  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany. This  company  erected  a  ten-stamp  mill  with  four 
Woodbury  concentrators  and  stretched  a  bucket  cable 
tramway  from  the  mill  to  the  Culver  mine,  one-fifth 
mile.  Some  ore  was  shipped  before  the  completion  of 
the  mill,  one  lot  returning  $800  a  ton. 

In  1892  the  Culver  Company  sold  out  to  the  Biew- 
ett Gold  Mining  Company,  composed  of  Seattle  capi- 
talists, and  this  company  set  to  work  to  thoroughly  de- 
velop the  mine  and  mill  its  ores. 

On  the  Culver  group  are  three  parallel  ledges  be- 
tween walls  of  serpentine  and  porphyry,  that  of  the 
Culver  itself  being  from  two  to  ten  feet  wide,  with  oc- 
casional bunches  of  ore  sixteen  feet  wide.  The  body 
of  the  ore  is  a  reddish  gray  quartz  and  there  occasion- 
ally occurs  on  the  walls  a  transparent  green  talc  with 
white  crystals,  through  which,  as  in  a  magnifying  glass, 
the  flakes  of  free  gold  can  be  plainly  seen.  The  Hum- 
ming Bird  and  Bobtail  ledge  is  two  to  four  feet  wide, 
and  contains  a  blue  quartz  carrying  a  larger  percentage 
of  sulphurets  than  the  Culver.  The  Fraction  ledge  is 
about  the  same  size  and  character  and  runs  higher  in 
iron  sulphurets.  As  depth  is  attained  the  free  gold  runs 
out  and  the  ore  becomes  base.  The  value  runs  all  the 
way  from  $8  to  $20  in  free  gold  with  occasional  pockets 
as  high  as  $700,  and  it  carries  a  trace  of  silver.  The 
group  has  been  developed  by  a  number  of  tunnels  ag- 
gregating several  thousand  feet,  the  longest  of  which  is 
600  feet  attaining  a  depth  of  300  feet  on  the  Humming 
Bird. 

'ihe  company  erected  a  twenty-stamp  mill  at  the 
mouth   of   Culver   draw,   near   the   old   Lockwood   mill. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


709 


allowing  space  for  twenty  more  stamps,  and  had  four 
Woodbury  concentrators,  the  wnole  plant  having  boiler 
capacity  for  forty  stamps.  The  bucket  tramway  was 
moved  to  the  new  site  and  the  mill  equipped  with  every 
labor-saving  appliance,  including  self-feeders  to  the 
stamps.  A  steam  saw-mill  was  erected  three  miles  up 
the  creek  with  a  capacity  of  10,000  feet  a  day,  and  sawed 
lumber  for  the  mill  buildings,  the  mine  and  repairs  to 
the  road  and  bridges  over  which  the  machinery  was 
hauled  from  Cle-elum.  The  development  of  the  mine 
and  operation  of  the  mill  were  continued  together  by 
the  company  until  1894,  when  the  system  of  leasing 
sections  of  the  mines  to  small  associations  of  miners 
was  inaugurated,  and  has  been  continued  with  good 
results  ever  since,  it  being  found  that  when  miners  have 
a  direct  interest  in  the  product  they  sort  the  ore  more 
carefully  than  when  working  for  wages.  During  1896 
the  mill  reduced  2,469  tons  of  Culver  ore,  from  which 
the  extraction  averaged  $12.62  a  ton,  and  473  tons  of 
customs.  The  product  of  the  Blewett  company  in  bul- 
lion was  about  $60,000  for  the  year  1896. 

It  having  been  found  that  with  the  most  careful 
milling  the  arsenic  in  the  ore  floured  the  quicksilver  on 
the  plates  and  thus  prevented  it  from  catching  the  gold ; 
also  that  much  of  the  fine  copper  sulphides  escaped  in 
the  slime  in  the  shape  of  foam,  the  tailings  have  been 
reserved  in  dams,  with  a  view  to  further  treatment  by 
some  improved  process.  This  was  established  in  the 
summer  of  1896  and  is  a  small  cyanide  plant  erected 
under  the  direction  of  A.  J.  JNIorse  for  Rosenberg  & 
Company,  one  of  the  parties  of  lessees.  It  has  a  capacity 
of  ten  tons  a  day  and  throughout  the  winter  has  been 
treating  the  tailings,  of  which  600  tons,  containing  from 
$3  to  $30  in  gold  per  ton,  had  accumulated  and  had  ex- 
tracted from  70  to  75  per  cent  of  the  value.  This  plant 
has  demonstrated  the  presence  in  the  ores  of  substances 
which  prevent  close  saving  of  their  values  and  some 
modern  process  such  as  the  cyanide  will  be  finallj-  adopt- 
ed by  the  Blewett  company. 

In  1878  the  Culver  ledge  was  traced  over  the  ridge 
to  Negro  creek  and  the  Olympia  group  of  five  claims 
was  located  on  it,  its  width  averaging  about  four  feet. 
These  claims  were  sold  to  the  Cascade  Mining  Company, 
which  ran  a  tunnel  southward  on  a  stringer  to  the  right 
of  the  ledge  on  one  claim  and  struck  two  bodies  of  ore, 
which  it  followed  to  the  wall.  On  another  claim  it  ran 
a  sixty-foot  cross-cut  tunnel  in  the  direction  of  the  ledge, 
but  did  not  tap  it,  and  ran  a  tunnel  about  fifty  feet  on  the 
ledge  near  the  summit,  but  it  has  since  caved  in.  A 
two-stamp  Huntington  mill  was  hauled  from  The  Dalles, 
on  the  Columbia,  by  team  and  over  the  mountain  by 
block  and  tackle.  It  was  erected  without  concentrators, 
and  was  run  by  water  power  in  the  expectation  of  sav- 
ing the  free  gold.  It  was  run  for  a  couple  of  months  in 
1880  and  reduced  about  fifty  tons  of  ore,  but  the  assay 
value  of  from  $10  to  $70  a  ton  was  chiefly  in  sulphides 
and  very  fine  gold,  so  that  only  about  $4.50  a  ton  was 
saved  and  the  small  percentage  of  copper  was  also  lost. 


A  year  or  two  later,  owing  to  the  death  of  Marshall 
Blinn,  the  organizer  of  the  company,  the  mill  stopped 
and  has  never  resumed.  For  a  time  the  property  was 
under  bond  to  Edward  Blewett,  who  ran  a  tunnel  200 
feet  in  an  endeavor  to  trace  the  ledge  into  the  Culver, 
of  which  it  has  the  characteristics  and  the  same  value 
in  free  gold,  and  several  open  cuts  have  been  made, 
showing  ore  in  a  number  of  places.  The  Culver  ledge 
spreads  out  toward  the  summit,  and  is  divided  by  horses 
of  syenite,  which  rock  forms  the  hanging  wall,  and  then 
disappears.' 

Much  of  the  gold  in  early  days  was  lost  by  the  mill- 
ing of  ore  in  arrastres,  three  of  which  were  built  and 
one  of  which  is  now  in  operation  at  intervals.  When 
it  is  remembered  that  the  fine  copper  sulphides  which 
go  off  in  foam  cannot  be  saved  even  by  cyanide  and  that 
only  pan  amalgamation  is  effective  with  them,  one  can 
imagine  how  much  value  is  lost  by  such  a  rude  mill  as 
an  arrastre.  In  the  spring  of  1896  the  Blewett  company 
sold  the  ten-stamp  mill  to  Thomas  Johnson,  who  had 
been  milling  the  Polepick  ore  in  it,  with  the  addition  of 
canvas  tables.  This  mine  has  a  quartz  ledge  varying 
from  eighteen  to  thirty-six  inches,  and  occasionally 
widening  to  five  feet.  Assays  range  from  $10  to  $132 
in  free  gold,  and  average  about  $27.  Development  be- 
gan with  a  cross-cut  tunnel  237  feet  from  which  an 
upraise  was  made  147  feet,  in  ore  all  the  way.  A  drift 
has  been  run  100  feet  west  from  the  upraise  at  the 
100-foot  level,  on  which  sloping  is  being  done,  and  an- 
other upraise  has  been  started.  Adjoining  this  claim 
on  another  ledge  three  feet  wide  is  Polepick  No.  2, 
owned  by  Dexter,  Shoudy  &  Company,  on  which  a 
tunnel  has  been  run  eighty  feet,  showing  ore  which 
assays  $28. 

On  the  Culver  draw  is  the  Phoenix,  on  which  D.  T. 
Cross  and  John  F.  Dore,  of  Seattle,  and  the  late  William 
Donahue  tapped  a  five-foot  ledge  of  brown  quartz  at  a 
depth  of  100  feet  by  cross-cutting  125  feet.  They  have 
run  three  levels  100  feet  long  at  intervals  of  twenty  feet 
and  have  stoped  the  ore  from  the  highest  level  to  the 
surface,  having  taken  out  in  all  1,000  tons,  which  was 
milled  at  the  Blewett  mill  and  returned  about  $20  gold 
on  the  average.  Some  of  this  ore  was  reduced  in  1895 
in  a  small  mill  with  four  2S0-pound  stamps  and  a  side- 
jigger  concentrator,  which  was  erected  by  the  Califor- 
nia Milling  &  Mining  Company,  but  the  cost  of  opera- 
tion was  out  of  proportion  to  the  possible  product  and  it 
was  shut  down.  The  Peshastin  is  on  a  three-foot  ledge, 
also  on  the  Culver  draw,  on  which  William  Donahue, 
Dore  and  Cross  ran  a  tunnel  and  shipped  some  ore  some 
years  ago.  In  1894  they  bonded  the  claim  to  George  W. 
Martin,  of  Minneapolis,  who  also  leased  the  Blewett 
mill  and  built  a  chute  down  the  hill  to  it.  He  ran 
through  about  100  tons,  but  it  was  so  poorly  sorted  that 
it  did  not  pay  for  milling  and  the  company  canceled  the 
lease.  He  then  gave  up  and  Dexter,  Shoudy  &  Company 
bought  the  mine.  They  ran  a  tunnel  through  the  Frac- 
tion tunnel  into  the  west  end  of  the  claim  and  took  out 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


about  eighty  tons  of  ore,  which  yielded  about  $21  a  ton 
in  free  gold  and  eight  tons  of  concentrates  worth  $100 
a  ton. 

On  what  was  supposed  to  be  the  Culver  ledge  J.  L. 
Warner  and  his  associates  have  the  Lightning,  with  the 
White  Elephant  and  Pine  Tree  on  parallel  ledges. 
They  have  simply  kept  up  assessment  work,  driving  a 
thirty-foot  tunnel  on  the  Pine  Tree. 

A  short  distance  above  the  Culver  draw,  on  the  west 
side  of  the  canyon,  Dexter,  Shoudy  &  Company  are 
working  the  Black  Jack  on  a  ledge  of  blue  quartz  two 
to  five  feet  wide.  The  same  parties  own  the  Eureka, 
on  the  other  side  of  the  canyon,  on  a  three-foot  ledge, 
which  assays  $16.64  gold,  and  on  which  a  tunnel  has 
been  driven  forty  feet.  The  owners  bought  the  arrastre 
built  by  John  Shafer  sixteen  years  ago,  and  are  milling 
the  ore  in  it.  The  Polepick,  Peshastin,  Black  Jack  and 
the  Johnson  mill  have  been  bonded  to  parties  in  the 
east  who  contemplate  working  them  together.  On  the 
Marion,  Charles  Donahue  has  three  veins,  one  of  which 
is  eight  feet  wide  and  carries  $6  in  free  milling  and  ?9 
concentrating  ore.  On  the  Gem  is  a  five-foot  ledge  of 
concentrating  ore  which  assays  $8  to  $16  gold  and  7S 
cents  to  54  ounces  of  silver.  Between  the  Peshastin  and 
the  Gem  is  the  Manistee,  owned  by  William  Donahue's 
heirs.  Dore  and  Cross.  .\  tunnel  has  been  driven  140  feet 
on  a  broken  horse  on  the  surface,  and  the  ledge  has  not 
been  found  in  place. 

Among  the  other  mines  in  the  Peshastin 
district  are  the  Caledonia  group  of  four  claims, 
on  three  parallel  ledges;  the  Sunset  near  the 
Tip  Top,  at  the  head  of  the  basin,  owned  by 
Oliver  Cloud  and  John  Gilmore;  the  War 
Eagle  group,  about  a  mile  up  Negro  creek; 
the  New  York  group,  on  the  divide  between 
Negro  and  Ingalls  creeks ;  the  Eagle  and  Iowa, 
across  the  creek  from  the  Cascade  Mining  Com- " 
pany's  group;  the  Daisy  Dean,  farther  up  the 
creek,  owned  by  the  Donahue  estate;  the  Ra- 
nier  group  of  thirteen  claims,  with  two  mill 
sites  still  farther  up  the  creek ;  the  Montana ; 
the  Red  Butte  Nos.  i  and  2 ;  the  Union  and 
Dominion  on  Bear  creek ;  the  P.  P.  Nickel,  and 
on  the  north  side  is  the  Ontario. 

On  the  soutli  side  of  the  creek  is  the  Me- 
ridian, and  next  in  order  is  the  North  Pole 
group  of  ten  claims ;  the  Ivanhoe  No.  5 ;  the 
Cinnabar  King,  and  on  the  first  dike  which  cuts 
across  the  Peshastin  is  another  string  of 
claims.  On  the  right  bank  are  the  Monarch 
Nos.'  I  and  2,  and  five  miles  above  the  mouth 


of    Ingalls    creek,    is   the    state   group    of    six 
claims. 

Of  the  Leavenworth  district  Mr.  Hodges 
says: 

The  last  few  years  have  proved  the  presence  of  a 
great  mineral  zone  in  the  mountains  on  each  side  of  the 
Chiwah  Canyon,  as  in  other  parts  of  the  Cascade  range, 
and  development  is  proceeding  with  such  vigor  that  a 
year  or  two  more  should  suffice  to  make  the  district  a 
regular  producer.  The  Leavenworth  District  is  easily 
accessible  from  Seattle.  Leaving  that  city  on  the  Great 
Northern  train,  one  goes  to  Leavenworth,  151  miles,  and 
then  goes  northward  by  a  good  road  to  Shugart's  ranch, 
fourteen  miles,  and  by  trail  to  either  the  Phelps  basin  or 
the  Chiwah  basin,  thirty-eight  miles  in  each  case.  These 
basins  are  one  at  each  side  of  a  high  ridge  ten  miles 
long,  known  as  Red  Hill  to  distinguish  it  from  Red 
Mountain  in  the  Trail  Creek  district.  The  first  dis- 
covery of  mineral  on  this  mountain  was  made  in  1893 
by  George  N.  Watson,  who  found  in  a  low  saddle  on  the 
summit,  between  porphyry  and  granite  walls,  a  ledge 
of  iron  pyrites  four  feet  wide,  runing  a  litle  east  of 
south  -and  west  of  north,  with  a  slight  eastward  dip. 
He  located  the  Emerald,  and  this  ledge  has  since  been 
traced  on  the  surface  through  a  string  of  claims  for 
about  five  miles.  On  a  parallel  ledge  he  and  Dr.  L.  L. 
Porter,  of  Roslyn,  have  the  Esmeralda,  which  a  shaft 
forty-two  feet  deep  and  drifts  twenty-six  and  twelve 
feet  have  shown  to  widen  from  eighteen  inches  on  the 
surface  to  five  feet.  The  ore  is  arsenical  iron  and 
copper  sulphides  and  assays  $14  gold,  33  per  cent  copper 
and  a  small  amount  of  silver. 

The  largest  property  on  the  mountain  is  the  Red 
Cap  and  Bryan  groups  of  twenty  claims,  owned  by  the 
Una  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  of  Seattle,  covering 
over  500  acres  from  the  Phelps  Basin  southward  and 
from  the  summit  down  to  Phelps  creek,  with  a  tunnel 
site  on  the  Chiwah  side,  two  of  the  claims  being  placers 
in  the  flat  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chiwah  and  Phelps 
creek.  The  majority  of  claims  are  on  the  main  ledge, 
or  system  of  ledges,  while  five  run  continuously  for 
7,500  feet  along  the  main  cross  ledge,  which  has  a 
course  south  of  west  and  north  of  east,  breaking  through 
granite,  gneiss  and  syenite  and  dipping  slightly  to  the 
northwest  into  the  mountain.  It  shows  well  mineralized 
chutes  of  ore  on  the  surface,  carrying  chalcopyrite, 
pyrites  of  iron,  copper  and  some  maganese.  The  lowest 
assay  from  the  surface  was  $3.73  gold  and  the  highest 
$72  gold,  but  copper  will  also  form  a  large  part  of  the 
value.  The  main  ledge  has  ore  bodies  showing  in  num- 
erous places,  heavily  charged  with  arsenical  and  sul- 
phide ores,  assaying  from  $3  to  $180  gold.  The  average 
value  of  the  ore  through  the  mountain  is  $50  gold  and 
silver,  on  the  basis  of  a  number  of  assays.  *  *  *  The 
Bryan  group  lies  on  the  south  edge  of  the  company's 
holdings,  and  has  a  ledge  showing  3'/.  feet  of  solid 
ore,  heavily  charged  with  copper  sulphurets  and  native 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


711 


copper  in  bunches.  Another  ledge  farther  up  the  moun- 
tain shows  twenty-five  feet  of  talc  carrying  sulphides, 
and  will  be  tapped  at  a  great  depth  by  the  cross-cut 
tunnel,  and  yet  another,  which  cuts  the  red  cliffs  forming 
the  rim  of  the  basin,  has  been  defined  to  a  width  of 
seven  feet,  with  only  the  hanging  wall  found. 

The  company  which  has  been  most  active  in  de- 
velopment until  the  advent  of  the  Una  was  the  Red  Hill 
Mining  Company,  which  owns  ten  claims  on  the  two 
main  ledges  running  across  Phelps  creek  south  of  the 
Una  property.  On  the  Black  Bear  a  tunnel  has  been 
run  sixteen  feet,  showing  a  twelve-foot  ledge  carrying 
copper  and  iron  sulphides,  which  assayed  $2.51  to  $29 
gold  and  silver;  on  the  White  Swan  ledge,  traced  for 
some  distance  to  a  width  of  eight  feet,  a  forty-foot  tun- 
nel showed  arsenical  iron  assaying  $12  to  $18  gold,  sil- 
ver and  copper.  The  Red  Mountain  ^Mining  Company 
also  owns  ten  claims  on  the  two  main  ledges,  but  has 
not  as  yet  done  any  development. 

Until  lately  but  little  development  has  been  done  on 
Red  Hill,  but  the  movement  which  has  begun  may  be 
expected  to  spur  owners  on  to  show  what  there  is  be- 
neath the  surface.  Near  the  mouth  of  Maple  creek 
Charles  Allen  has  the  Champion  group  of  five  claims, 
where  there  were  evidences  of  the  presence  of  white  men 
as  early  as  the  year  1866.     One  ledge  cropped  eight  to 


ten  feet  wide,  showing  sulphurets,  and  former  owners 
had  run  a  cross-cut  310  feet  to  tap  it  and  then  aban- 
doned it  for  lack  of  funds.  The  other  ledge  shows 
pyritic  ore  and  is  well  defined  to  a  width  of  fifteen  feet 
between  walls  of  syenite  and  porphyry  runing  southeast 
and  northwest,  assaying  $4  to  $7  in  gold  on  the  surface, 
and  has  an  east  and  west  spur  on  the  summit.  A  cross- 
cut has  been  run  about  300  feet  to  tap  it  at  a  depth  of 
250  feet. 

On  the  Fall  Creek  canyon,  half  a  mile  from  the 
Chiwah,  is  the  Big  Elephant  group  of  six  claims  on  a 
large  ledge  of  hematite  ore,  defined  by  a  twelve-foot  open 
cut,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper  which  assays  on 
the  surface  $3  to  $9  gold  and  $3.75  silver. 

At  the  mouth  of  Deep  creek  the  Deep  Creek  Min- 
ing Company  has  a  group  of  thirteen  placer  claims  and 
a  hydraulic  giant.  The  dirt  carried  about  twenty-six 
cents  a  yard  and  about  ninety  per  cent  of  the  value  is 
saved  in  the  sluice  boxes  with  silver  plates,  though  the 
gold  in  the  Chiwah  bar  is  generally  so  fine  that  it  can 
only  be  saved  by  great  care  and  skill. 

On  the  Rock  Creek  canyon,  half  a  mile  from  the 
Chiwah,  is  the  P.  I.  group  of  two  claims.  The  surface 
showing  in  a  gneiss  blow-out  of  oxidized  iron,  carrying 
gold  and  silver,  and  one  streak  of  ore  assayed  444  ounces 
of  silver.     A  cross-cut  tunnel  is  in  sixty-seven  feet. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


WENATCHEE. 

Wenatchee,  named  after  the  famous  Indian 
chief,  is  669  feet  above  sea  level,  in  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Cascade  mountains,  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Columbia,  a  short  distance  south 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Wenatchee  river,  and  on 
the  main  line  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway. 
Its  location  on  this  road  is  about  midway  be- 
tween Spokane  and  Seattle. 

There  are  a  number  of  varying  definitions 
ascribed  to  the  word  "Wenatchee."  To  the  Ya- 
kima Indian  it  signifies  "boiling  waters,"  and 
this  name  was,  doubtless  given  to  the  town  by 
the  natives  because  of  the  unusual  commotion 


caused  by  the  Wenatchee  flowing  into  the  Col- 
umbia river  a  short  distance  above  the  town. 
According  to  the  patois  of  other  tribes  "We- 
natchee" means  "good  place."  But  there  is 
another  romantic  derivation  of  the  name  ac- 
cording to  certain  authorities,  who  have  made 
a  comprehensive  study  of  Indian  traditions.  By 
them  it  is  said  that  the  word  "Wenatchee"  is 
derived  from  the  romance  of  the  "blood  daugh- 
ter of  the  widowed  moon."  Beautiful  and  pos- 
sessed of  all  the  graces  that  contribute  to  make 
maidens  adorable  was  the  young  princess.  At 
first  she  was  admired  and  subsequently  pas- 
sionately loved  by  the  sun.  But  the  moon,  ac- 
cording to  this  fanciful  legend,  deemed  the  sun 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


much  too  old  to  woo  the  fair  princess,  not  yet 
arrived  at  the  age  when  she  knew  her  own 
heart,  and  had  fixed  her  wish  upon  the  mar- 
riage of  her  daughter  with  a  younger,  if  less 
dazzling,  yet  handsome  chief  of  the  sky.  But 
the  wayward  maiden  loved  the  majestic  sun. 
For  a  long  period  Mother  jMoon  remained 
awake  at  night,  keeping  vigil  over  the  move- 
ments of  her  daughter,  lest  the  mighty  sun 
should  bear  her  away.  Already  the  sun  had 
woven  for  her  a  bridal  robe  of  threads  spun 
from  the  rainbow,  and  one  day  while  the  moon 
slumbered  the  princess  arrayed  herself  in  this 
beautiful,  luminous  garment,  and  went  down 
to  the  sea,  to  wed  with  the  sun.  Shortly  after 
her  departure  the  moon  awoke  and  hastened 
in  pursuit  of  the  fugitive  lovers.  On  the  moon's 
approach  the  maiden  shrieked  and  fled  to  the 
mountains  upon  a  bar  of  silvery  lightning, 
hurled  by  her  rejected  princely  lover  from  his 
place  in  the  sky.  In  the  dark  despair  of  her 
terror  the  princess  flung  her  gorgeous  mantle 
over  the  mountain  top  and  concealed  herself  in 
the  heart  of  the  cliffs,  where  from  that  evil  day 
until  the  present  she  has  dwelt  in  seclusion,  be- 
wailing her  sad  fate.  It  is  the  Indian's  belief 
that  her  melancholy,  yet  musical  voice  floats 
out  upon  the  wind  whenever  the  night  is  still. 
The  robe  still  hangs  where  it  was  cast  by  the 
affrighted  maiden,  from  the  mountain  top  and 
over  its  sides,  in  the  form  of  a  river,  and  yet 
possessing  all  the  hues  of  the  rahibow,  when 
the  sun  comes  down  throug"h  gorge  and  glen 
to  caress  its  rippling  folds.  And  it  is  called 
Wa-Nat-Chee,  or  "Robe  of  the  Rainbow." 
Thus  we  have  three  distinct  definitions  of  the 
word  "Wenatchee,"  to  select  from :  "Boiling 
Waters,"  "Good  Place"  and  "Robe  of  the 
"Rainbow." 

There  are  few  cities  of  importance  in  the 
state  of  Washington  in  which  Indians  during 
the  early  days  of  exploration  and  settlement 
did  not  congregate  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
councils  of  war,  or  participating  in  seasons  of 
sport.     Spokane,  Walla  Walla  and  Wenatchee 


are  three  places  in  eastern  Washington  for 
which  many  tribes  have  a  profound  venera- 
tion. It  is  only  a  few  years  since  they  con- 
sented to  release  their  claims  to  Spokane, 
abandon  their  tribal  relations  to  take  up  their 
abode  with  Chief  Moses.  For  the  various 
tribes  of  the  northwest  Wenatchee  has  ever 
been  a  favorite  spot.  There  is  scarcely  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Colville,  Snake,  or  Columbia  River, 
Palouse,  Coeur  d'Alene.  or  Spokane  tribes 
that  has  not  a  lingering  veneration  for  the 
place,  and  their  stolid  hearts  grow  tender  at 
the  mention  of  Wenatchee.  For  ages  they  con- 
A-ened  here  in  annual  council,  to  engage  in  wor- 
ship or  sport,  to  prepare  their  catch  of  fish  for 
the  winter,  or  to  make  their  sanguinary  ar- 
rangements for  war.  Here  the  swart  brave 
wooed  and  won  the  dusky  maiden  just  as  suc- 
ceeding generations  are  doing  today.  Than  the 
Indian  there  is  no  race  with  keener  powers  of 
observation  or  discernment.  Of  distances  and 
directions  he  possesses  an  instinctive  knowl- 
edge. Their  trails  which  only  a  short  time 
since  were  still  visible,  with  the  approach  of 
civilization  were  adapted  by  government  supply 
trains,  stockmen  and  later  by  wagon  and  rail- 
roads. 

The  first  "business  house"  in  Wenatchee 
was  established,  possibly  so  early  as  1867.  In 
that  year  two  men  whose  names  were  Ingra- 
ham  and  McBride  opened  a  trading  post  at 
what  is  now  Rock  Island,  and  carried  on  a 
thriving  trade  with  the  Indians.  Sometime 
afterward  these  men  moved  their  post  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Wenatchee  river,  where  the  first 
town  of  Wenatchee  afterward  made  its  appear- 
ance. Ingraham  &  McBride's  chief  stock  in 
trade  was  whiskey,  which  they  sold  to  the  In- 
dians. In  1872  these  men,  in  order  to  evade 
the  law  which  they  had  broken  by  selling  liquor 
to  Indians,  were  obliged  to  leave  in  some  haste, 
and  their  business  was  purchased  that  year  by 
Samuel  Miller  and  the  Freer  Brothers. 

The  original  building  in  the  Wenatchee 
Valley  was  a  log  structure  built  in  1872  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


713 


Samuel  Miller,  just  north  of  the  present  town 
of  Wenatchee.  It  was  used  for  years  by  Mr. 
Miller  as  a  trading  post,  and  in  later  years  was 
the  postoffice  building.  It  was  an  ancient  land- 
mark familiar  to  the  old  timers — miners  and 
prospectors — who  worked  all  through  this 
country  in  the  early  days,  and  many  events  con- 
nected with  the  history  of  the  Wenatchee  Val- 
ley have  their  foundation  in  the  old  "Sam  Mil- 
ler" trading  post.  In  1888  a  Mr.  McPherson 
established  a  store  on  the  bank  of  the  Columbia 
river,  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  above  the 
present  site  of  Wenatchee.  That  same  summer 
another  little  store  came  in  and  was  located  in 
a  tent.  The  goods  for  these  stores  were 
freighted  over  the  mountains  from  Ellensburg 
by  wagons.  The  roads  were  in  a  terrible  con- 
dition and  several  days  were  required  in  which 
to  make  the  trip.  Here  was  established  a  post- 
office  and  Samuel  Miller  was  made  postmaster. 
At  that  period  mail  arrived  in  Wenatchee  only 
twice  a  week,  being  carried  by  stage  over  the 
mountains  between  Wenatchee  and  Ellensburg. 
During  the  winter  of  1888  and  1889  Mr.  Mc- 
Pherson moved  his  store  back  farther  into  the 
valley  to  what  was  later  known  as  the  "North 
End."  The  postoffice  was  removed  from  Mr. 
Miller's;  a  hotel  was  built  and  within  a  short 
time  there  was  quite  a  little  village  in  the 
"North  End." 

Originally  the  town  of  Wenatchee  was  lo- 
cated about  one  mile  north  of  its  present  site. 
It  was  named  in  1888  by  its  founder,  Don  Car- 
los Corbett,  from  the  old  Indian  chief,  Wenat- 
chee. A  number  of  wide-awake  western  men, 
fully  alive  to  the  possibilities  of  the  surround- 
ing country,  organized  in  1891,  the  Wenatchee 
Development  Company.  They  made  a  number 
of  purchases  during  the  survey  of  the  Seattle, 
Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railway,  now  the  Seat- 
tle division  of  the  Northern  Pacific.  In  1892, 
following  the  completion  of  the  Great  Northern 
Railway,  the  \\"enatchee  Development  Com- 
pany, closely  in  touch  with  James  J.  Hill's  road, 
surveyed  and  platted  the  present   site  of  the 


town  of  Wenatchee.  By  a  system  of  lot  trading 
with  the  settlers  of  the  "North  End"  buildings 
and  residents  were  soon  located  on  the  new 
site. 

Probably  the  first  mercantile  house  worthy 
of  the  name  was  established  in  Wenatchee  by 
W.  H.  Merriam.  There  had  been  Indian  trad- 
ing posts  in  the  neighborhood  previous  to  this, 
but  nothing  approaching  the  dignity  of  a  mod- 
ern "store."  Mrs.  Arzilla  Tripp  was  the  first 
woman  to  make  her  permanent  home  in  Wenat- 
chee. With  her  husband  she  came  here  early  in 
1883.  May  20,  1 89 1,  \\'enatchee  had  gained  a 
population  of  108  people. 

In  Wenatchee  the  first  fraternal  bonds  were 
welded  Saturday  evening,  October  10,  1891, 
when  a  council  of  the  Junior  Order  United 
American  Mechanics  was  instituted.  It  num- 
bered among  its  charter  members  some  of  the 
staunchest  business  men  and  more  prosperous 
ranchers  in  Wenatchee  and  vicinity,  and  the 
council  was  christened  "Wenatchee  No.  12." 
Deputy  State  Councilor  Boyle  conducted  the 
work  of  institution.  He  was  assisted  by  Henry 
Sharp  and  other  members  of  the  ordef  residing 
at  Ellensburg.  Following  were  the  officers 
elected :  M.  Horan,  Charles  B.  Reed  and  Jacob 
Miller,  trustees;  Mr.  Horan,  Jr.,  P.  C. ;  James 
L.  Weythman,  C. ;  Jacob  Miller,  V.  C. ;  W.  E. 
Stevens,  R.  S. ;  J.  W.  Bolenbaugh,  treasurer; 

D.  A.  Curry,  Com. ;  George  W.  Brown,  I.  S. ; 

E.  E.  Clemmens,  F.  E. ;  D.  W.  Perry,  O.  S. 
January  7,  1892,  the  population  of  Wenat- 
chee had  jumped  to  three  hundred.  Tuesday 
evening.  March  8,  in  response  to  a  general  de- 
mand of  public  sentiment  an  anti-Chinese  meet- 
ing assembled  in  Wenatchee,  at  which  the  at- 
tendance was  large  and  the  personnel  represen- 
tative citizens  both  in  and  out  of  town.  Frank 
Reeves  called  the  assembly  together  and  suc- 
cinctly stated  the  object  of  the  meeting.  Hon- 
orable Michael  Horan  was  elected  chairman 
and  George  Kline  served  as  sercetary.  A  ris- 
ing vote  on  the  question  to  exclude  Mongolians 
from  the  town  exhibited  marked  unanimitv,  but 


714 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


one  man  declining  to  Cfjnie  to  his  feet,  and  even 
he  refused  to  vote  in  the  negative.  The  ques- 
tion concerning  the  modus  operandi  of  exclu- 
sion was  then  discussed  at  length.  Methods 
employed  in  Pierce  county  were  outlined  and 
recommended  by  the  chairman  of  the  meeting. 
Ways  and  means  were  described  graphically  by 
L.  E.  Kusel  as  in  force  in  California  towns, 
particularly  in  Eureka.  Seemingly  alone  in  his 
views  was  Mr.  N.  N.  Brown,  who  spoke  at 
length  against  the  wisdom  of  an  exclusion  act. 
It  was  quite  evident  that  there  existed  no  de- 
sire for  mob  violence,  while  the  wish  to  deport 
the  Celestials  was  nearly  unanimous.  It  was 
moved  by  W.  J.  Bowen  that  a  committee  of  six 
be  elected  to  see  that  no  Chinamen  were  per- 
mitted to  locate  within  the  limits  of  Wenatchee. 
This  motion  was  amended  by  C.  F.  B.  Haskell 
to  confining  the  power  of  such  a  committee  to 
"honorable,  legal  and  lawful  means."  and  with 
this  amendment  the  motion  prevailed.  Follow- 
ing are  the  names  of  the  committee  elected: 
Michael  Horan,  chairman;  W.  E.  Stevens; 
W.  J.  Bowen;  J.  A.  Moorehead;  George  W. 
Kline;  and  L.  E.  Kusel.  When  it  was  sug- 
gested that  it  might  be  found  a  difficult  matter 
to  exclude  Chinese  by  "honorable,  legal  and 
lawful  means,"  it  was  omniously  met  by  the 
frank  statement  that  if  these  failed  another 
mass-meeting  could  easily  be  assembled  and  the 
committee  authorized  to  adopt  other  methods. 

May  I,  1892,  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank 
was  thrown  open  for  business.  This  was  We- 
natchee's  initial  banking  institution.  Arthur 
Gunn  was  cashier.  Sunday  morning.  May  8, 
Rev.  Thomas  M.  Gunn,  D.  D.,  superintendent 
of  missions  for  the  state  of  Washington  of  the 
Presbyterian  Board  of  Home  Missions,  organ- 
ized the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Wenat- 
chee with  the  following  named  gentlemen  as 
officers:  Elder,  Arthur  Gunn;  trustees.  S.  T. 
Sterling,  F.  E.  'Madigan  and  George  Cooper; 
Clerk,  S.  T.  Sterling. 

In  May,  1892,  the  present  townsite  of  We- 
natchee was  thrown  on  the  market.     The  We- 


natchee De\-elopment  Company,  which  owned 
a  large  portion  of  the  property  in  the  vicinity, 
and  which  was  in  close  touch  with  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  officials,  platted  the  town 
and  ordered  the  change.  Within  five  days 
$100,000  worth  of  property  was  sold  in  the  new 
townsite.  The  company  exchanged  lots  in  the 
new  townsite  for  old  town  lots  and  moved  the 
buildings  to  the  new  site  free  of  charge.  Some 
antagonism  to  the  work  of  this  company  was 
manifested  by  a  few  of  the  citizens,  but  nearly 
all  decided  to  make  the  change,  and  early  in 
June,  most  of  the  opposition  disappearing,  the 
transfer  of  buildings  was  made.  The  JP'cnat- 
chec  Advance  of  June  2,  said  : 

"A  number  of  businesses  are  making  the 
change  of  location  today,  and  a  majority  of  the 
others  will  follow  immediately.  Tlie  bank  is 
coming,  two  livery  stables  are  now  under  course 
of  construction,  grocery  and  general  merchan- 
dise stores  will  be  here  early  in  the  week,  res- 
taurants will  follow  up,  butcher  shops  are  now 
on  the  road  and  soon  the  "whole  works"  will  be 
located  in  the  town  of  Wenatchee  on  the  pic- 
turesque banks  of  the  majestic  Columbia,  con- 
ducting business  on  a  substantial  basis." 

It  was  not  until  the  latter  part  of  June  that 
the  postoffice  was  removed.  But  not  all  the 
people  moved  from  the  old  town  into  the  new. 
Some  still  lingered  amid  familiar  scenes  and 
associations  which  had  combined  to  form  for 
them  a  home.  The  Great  Northern  Railway 
Company  constructed  a  passenger  and  freight 
depot  on  the  new  site,  which  was  far  superior 
to  the  old  one  in  the  matter  of  drainage  facili- 
ties, besides  being  more  centrally  located  among 
the  adjacent  farming  lands. 

Friday  morning,  May  27,  i8gj,  ^^'enatchee 
was  visited  by  a  fire  which  occasioned  a  loss  of 
about  $10,000.  It  was  only  by  great  efifort  on 
the  part  of  the  citizens  that  the  flames  were 
confined  to  the  livery  stable  of  O'Connors  & 
Company.  Twenty-two  horses  perished  in  the 
building. 

At     Graphic     Hall,     \\'enatchee,     Sunday 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


715 


morning,  July  31,  an  enthusiastic  meeting  was 
held,  the  object  of  which  was  the  organization 
of  a  Presbyterian  Sunday  School.  Mr.  G.  W. 
Bartholomew  was  selected  as  chairman  and  the 
question  of  organization  was  informally  dis- 
cussed. It  was  decided  as  a  finality  that  the 
time  was  opportune  for  such  a  commendable 
enterprise,  upon  which  the  chairman  declared 
the  election  of  officers  in  order.  j\Ir.  Arthur 
Gunn  was  unanimously  named  as  superintend- 
ent :  G.  W.  Bartholomew,  assistant ;  Mrs. 
Groves,  secretary ;  Miss  Zimmerman,  treasurer, 
and  Miss  Carrie  Sanders,  organist. 

For  some  time  pre\-ious  to  August,  1892, 
there  had  prevailed  a  sentiment  in  Wenatchee 
favorable  to  incorporation.  In  that  month  a 
petition  was  presented  to  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners of  Kittitas  county  asking  that  Wenat- 
chee be  incorporated  in  a  town  of  the  fourth 
class.     The  signers  of  this  petition  were : 

W.  H.  Willis,  Arthur  Gunn,  W.  H.  Mer- 
riam,  C.  T.  Howard,  J.  S.  Gray,  J.  W.  Arthur, 
R.  J.  Mackison,  W.  B.  Ready,  J.  H.  Temple- 
ton,  W.  H.  :Middleton,  M.  Mackison,  Eugene 
Enloe.  J.  R.  Holcrift,  George  H.  Allen,  E.  W. 
Harlow,  D.  Bishop,  C.  Sundstedt,  Gust  Pear- 
son, J.  A.  Thompson,  Kirk  Whited,  Eugene  A. 
Fisk,  Conrad  Platzoder,  G.  W.  Bartholomew, 
I.  W.  Reeves,  C.  R.  Weber,  J.  Doyle,  J.  Mc- 
Arthur,  Fred  W.  Olds,  C.  H.  Florida,  Benie 
Carlos,  C.  L.  O'Connell,  Paul  Allen,  John 
White,  S.  W.  Cox,  George  L.  Rice.  M.  B.  Mer- 
cer, James  Stevens,  J.  W.  Birchfield,  J.  A.  Ear- 
tin,  J.  B.  Sessier,  W.  P.  Taylor,  P.  A.  Wood 
&  Company,  Posey  S.  Wilson,  J.  H.  Martin,  S. 
W.  Wright,  George  Guilland,  C.  A.  Braun, 
John  Pike,  T.  F.  Crawford,  John  O'Brien, 
Eugene  Walker,  R.  H.  Hammond,  J.  Berg- 
man, S.  W.  Phillips,  J.  H.  C.  Scarlock,  Oride 
Cote,  G.  Roolicau,  W.  Y.  Wolf,  F.  Lape,  F. 
Brockhoff,  S.  F.  Peterson,  W.  A.  Sanders,  W. 
R.  Prowell,  S.  T.  Sterling,  W.  W.  Booth,  D.  C. 
Griffin,  J.  F.  Miller,  G.  W.  Hoxsey,  J.  A.  Man- 
ning, R.  Bennett,  James  Reed,  Nels  Johnson, 
A.  Bedford,  Richard  O'Connell,  E.  B.  Chap- 


man, M.  Callaghan,  N.  N.  Brown,  Henry  C. 
Long,  James  Riley,  F.  E.  Madigan,  J.  B.  Jo- 
hanasen,  H.  R.  Schildknecht,  S.  Palo,  Eli 
Lewis. 

This  petition  was  granted  by  the  commis- 
sioners of  Kittitas  county,  and  they  named 
Friday,  December  23,  as  the  date  for  a  special 
election  to  vote  on  the  propopsition.  The  very 
important  question  of  incorporation  was  deter- 
mined by  the  decisive  vote  of  107  for,  to  7 
against  out  of  a  total  of  122  votes  cast.  The 
Wenatchee  Advance  said:  "The  victory  was 
a  most  signal  one  and  is  unimpeachable  evi- 
dence that  our  people  are  now  alert  to  their 
best  interests  and  intend  to  work  for  the  up- 
building of  the  best  town  in  Central  Washing- 
ton. The  day  was  stormy,  and  there  being  but 
one  ticket  in  the  field  a  comparatively  light  vote 
was  cast,  but  everything  considered  it  is  a  most 
creditable  showing.  The  election  was  held  un- 
der the  general  election  laws  of  the  state,  (Aus- 
tralian system),  which  accounts  for  the  dis- 
crepancy in  the  vote,  the  returns  appearing  on 
their  face  that  only  114  ballots  were  dropped 
into  the  official  box,  whereas  there  were  122, 
eight  votes  being  cast  either  in  blank,  or  in 
such  an  incongruous  manner  of  marking  that 
the  judges  were  unable  to  determine  the  inten- 
tion of  the  electors.  Following  is  the  vote  in 
detail:  For  incorporation,  107;  against  incor- 
poration, 7;  for  Mayor,  Posey  Wilson,  95;  for 
councilmen,  R.  J.  Mackison,  100;  T.  J.  Groves, 
93 :  W.  A.  Sanders,  99;  AI.  B.  Mercer,  81 ;  M. 
Horan,  80 ;  scattering,  5 ;  for  treasurer,  Arthur 
Gunn,  100." 

Wednesday  evening,  January  18,  1893,  the 
council  met  for  its  initial  session,  and  the  wheels 
of  the  new  municipal  government  were  put  in 
motion. 

On  the  whole  the  year  1892  was  a  most 
eventful  one  for  the  city  of  Wenatchee.  Its 
progress  was  marked  and  flattering.  Among 
the  other  enterprises  of  this  progressive  year  was 
the  organization  of  a  board  of  trade.  A  meet- 
ing of  representative  business  men  was  held  Sat- 


7i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


urday  evening.  September  17,  1892,  when  the 
organization  was  completed  with  the  following 
members:  M.  Horan,  Eugene  Enloe,  G.  W. 
Bartholomew,  T.  J.  Groves,  Charles  Jasper, 
R.  R.  Morrison,  W.  R.  Prowell,  Thomas  Mann, 
W.  H.  Willis,  Charles  :Metcalfe,  Peter  Garvey, 
H.  W.  Patterson,  J.  H.  C.  Scurlock,  W.  H. 
Bowen,  William  Kleinburg,  J.  A.  Martin,  W. 
H.  Merriam,  W.  P.  Watson,  Arthur  Gunn,  M. 
J.  Carkeek,  Frank  Reeves  and  F.  M.  Scheble. 
The  officers  chosen  were :  Arthur  Gunn,  presi- 
dent; Charles  Metcalfe,  vice-president;  F.  IM. 
Scheble,  treasurer  and  W.  J.  Brown,  secretary. 

Monday,  October  17,  1892,  was  hailed  by 
the  citizens  of  Wenatchee  as  a  historic  and  red 
letter  day.  With  the  going  down  of  the  sun  the 
young  city  had  rail  and  telegraph  communica- 
tion with  the  world  around  her.  The  commit- 
tee whose  duty  it  was  to  prepare  for  this  in- 
teresting event  issued  handbills  calling  upon 
the  public-spirited  citizens,  at  2  :30  o'clock  p. 
m..  to  give  a  royal  welcome  to  the  steel  rails  and 
steaming  locomotive.  At  that  hour  the  road 
had  reached  a  point  about  opposite  the  Watson 
Hotel,  and  to  the  music  of  an  excellent  band  the 
assembled  people  watched  the  work  of  track 
building  as  it  progressed  toward  Orondo  ave- 
nue. Here  a  speakers'  stand  had  been  erected 
and  the  audience  was  entertained  by  fitting  and 
eloquent  remarks  by  Judge  Carroll  B.  Graves,  of 
Ellensburg,  Frank  Reeves  and  L.  H.  Bowman. 
These  speakers  were  introduced  by  W.  R. 
\\'ebber,  as  master  of  ceremonies.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  speaking  three  times  three  cheers 
were  given  for  the  Great  Northern  Railway 
and  its  energetic  projector.  President  James  J. 
Hill.  So  soon  as  the  train  had  passed  Orondo 
Crossing  the  silver  spike  was  driven.  This  high 
honor  was  conferred  upon  Samuel  and  Philip 
Miller,  two  of  the  oldest  inhabitants  of  Wenat- 
chee Valley,  while  the  privilege  of  setting  the 
spike  in  its  place  fell  to  that  worthy  citizen, 
W.  A,  Sanders.  With  this  farewell  ceremony 
the  exercises  were  brought  to  a  close. 

Beyond  a   doubt  the  year    1892   was   the 


li\eliest  ever  witnessed  in  Wenatchee's  his- 
tory. Railroad  building,  of  course,  was  re- 
sponsible for  a  large  share  of  this  unusual  en- 
terprise and  progression.  Not  only  in  business 
was  the  town  wide  awake,  but  it  was  so,  also, 
in  a  social  way.  The  usual  crowd  of  "hoboes" 
and  "bad  rnen,"  who  invariably  assemble  at 
points  where  railroad  construction  is  progres- 
sing were  present,  and  they  did  all  in  their 
power  to  make  Wenatchee  a  "tough  town," 
A  perusal  of  the  columns  of  the  Weyiatchce 
Advance  during  the  greater  part  of  this  year 
cannot  help  but  lead  one  to  this  conclusion. 
Depredations  committed  by  the  ofifscourings  of 
the  earth  ranged  from  petty  thefts  to  murder 
and  riots.  Not  one  or  two  crimes  a  week  would 
be  heralded,  but  often  ten  or  twelve.  For  some 
tirne  no  reputable  citizen  was  safe  in  the  town. 
The  authorities  were  powerless  to  rid  the  place 
of  the  hoboes,  or  to  check  their  heinous  deeds. 
Thirteen  dance  halls  in  one  block,  numerous 
saloons  and  other  resorts  flourished.  It  was 
only  after  the  construction  work  on  the  rail- 
road was  completed  in  the  vicinity  of  Wenat- 
chee that  this  element  left  the  town  and  drifted 
on  to  new  fields. 

During  the  winter  of  1892-93  Wenatchee 
was  visited  by  one  case  of  small-pox.  The  dis- 
ease originated  in  the  construction  camps  of 
the  railroad  then  building  into  town.  For  a 
time  it  was  confined  to  this  camp,  but  later 
reached  the  town,  a  portion  of  which  was 
placed  under  quarantine.  Men,  and  in  many 
cases,  women,  forsook  the  town  with  an  alac- 
rity born  of  intensified  earnestness,  and  in  num- 
bers that  were  really  alarming.  Business  in- 
terests sufifered  greatly  from  the  "scare,"  but 
quickly  recovered  when  it  was  found  that  there 
were  to  be  no  other  cases.  Twenty-one  men 
were  in  strict  quarantine. 

Tuesday,  December  5,  1S93,  there  was  held 
in  Wenatchee  a  municipal  election,  at  which  the 
following  officers  were  elected  :  Councilmen — 
F,  M,  Scheble.  T,  J.  Groves;  treasurer,  W.  H. 
Willis :  clerk,  W.  R,  Prowell ;  marshal,  J.  W. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


717 


Ferguson;  city  attorney,  Thomas  Mullen; 
health  officer.  Dr.  E.  W.  Stevens. 

The  "hard  times"  of  1893  spent  consider- 
able of  its  force  on  the  business  of  Wenatchee 
as  well  as  in  all  other  towns  in  the  country. 
The  people,  also,  missed  the  monthly  pay-rolls 
which  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company 
had  furnished  the  previous  year  during  the  era 
of  construction  work  in  this  immediate  vicinity. 
While  banks  all  over  the  country  were  closing 
their  doors  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank  with- 
sood  the  financial  storm.  It  was  the  only  one 
within  a  large  territory  in  Central  Washing- 
ton that  weathered  there  "hard  times." 

Early  Saturday  morning,  12  :30,  September 
2,  1893,  the  sound  of  pistol  shots  and  the  cry 
of  "fire!"  aroused  the  citizens  of  Wenatchee 
from  slumber.  The  entire  available  popula- 
tion soon  turned  out  and  began  the  work  of 
fighting  the  flames  in  a  systematic  and  effectual 
manner  that  would  do  credit  to  experienced 
firemen.  In  the  rear  of  Sunstedt  &  Pearson's 
building  the  fire  originated,  the  structure  hav- 
ing been  recently  vacated  by  the  Minnesota 
Mercantile  Company.  But  the  direct  cause  of 
the  fire  was  not  known.  It  was  discovered  by 
two  or  three  parties  at  its  first  inception.  The 
wind  was  in  the  east,  and  within  a  remarkably 
short  time  several  shacks  and  small  buildings 
in  the  rear  of  F.  B.  Loney's  real  estate  office 
and  the  Mann  building  were  ablaze,  including 
the  small  frame  house  occupied  by  John  Doyle. 
The  Wenatchee  Advance  says : 

"By  this  time  the  whole  row  of  buildings 
facing  Wenatchee  avenue  were  blazing  and  be- 
yond help.  All  efforts  were  then  directed  to 
adjacent  buildings.  The  Seattle  Beer  Hall  was 
saved  only  by  cool,  prompt  and  effective  labor. 
Blankets  were  spread  over  the  wood-shed  in  the 
rear  of  the  building  and  kept  wet  until  water 
that  was  standing  in  barrels  was  exhausted,  and 
then  shouts  of  "water!"  went  up  from  a  hun- 
dred throats.  Soon,  and  with  commendable 
promptness  the  water  wagons  of  David  Mor- 
gan and  W.  A.  Sanders  came  trundling  along. 


and  stopped  near  the  bank  to  be  met  by  citizens 
with  buckets.  A  pile  of  lumber  and  wood  near 
the  bank  building  caught  fire,  and  but  for  the 
well-directed  energies  of  several  cool-headed 
citizens  the  flames  would  have  run  up  the  wall 
under  the  water  gutters,  and  also,  caught  in  the 
windows,  destroying  that  magnificent  brick 
building.  Several  men  were  stationed  on  the 
roof  and  others  at  windows,  throwing  water 
upon  the  walls  and  window  casings. 

The  millinery  store  of  Mrs.  Rose  Reeves 
was  saved  by  tearing  down  the  outbuildings 
back  of  the  bank,  which  prevented  the  flames 
from  spreading  farther  in  that  direction.  At 
one  time  the  wind  hauled  to  the  east  and  it  re- 
quired prompt  and  heroic  work  to  save  the 
buildings  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street.  The 
fire  was  now  confined  to  the  west  side  of  Wenat- 
chee avenue,  and  by  two  o'clock,  A.  M.,  the  en- 
tire wooden  row  was  in  smoking  ruins.  Fol- 
lowing are  the  losses: 

F.  B.  Loney,  $600;  Sunstedt  &  Pearson, 
$1,000;  Lee  &  Mann,  $1,200;  M.  Callaghan, 
$2,500;  Edward  Benson,  $400;  W.  H.  Alex- 
ander, $400;  R.  V.  Wells,  $25.  All  of  these 
were  total  losses,  there  being  no  insurance.  The 
Columbia  Valley  Bank  was  damaged  to  the 
amount  of  $150,  fully  covered  by  insurance. 

January  2y,  1894,  the  following  various 
branches  of  business  were  represented  in  We- 
natchee; one  bank,  two  general  merchandise 
stores,  one  grocery  store,  one  paint  and  wall 
paper  store,  two  confectioneries,  three  hotels, 
one  restaurant,  one  bakery,  two  butcher  shops, 
one  livery  stable,  one  lumber  yard,  one  tin 
shop,  one  lime,  cement  and  brick  yard,  two 
blacksmith  shops,  four  saloons,  one  millinery 
establishment,  one  newspaper  and  one  whole- 
sale liquor  house. 

In  the  fall  of  1894  there  was  completed  a 
handsome  brick  school  house,  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $10,000.  During  the  following  few  years 
there  was  very  little  history  making  in  Wenat- 
chee. The  young  city  held  its  own,  taking  no 
backward  step,  although  but  little  of  importance 


7i8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


occurred.  But  in  1898-99  the  revival  of  pros- 
perity and  "good  times"  took  place,  here  as 
elsewhere,  and  Wenatchee  began  to  assume  an 
important  part  in  the  general  progression  of 
the  state. 

January  22,  1898.  the  initial  movement  was 
made  toward  the  establishment  of  a  public  lib- 
rary and  reading  room.  The  ladies  of  the  W. 
C.  T.  U.  secured  control  of  the  ircnatchcc  Ad- 
vance for  the  issue  of  January  22.  and  pub- 
lished the  entire  paper  for  that  week.  In  this 
manner  the  sum  of  §80  was  raised  and  before 
the  close  of  the  year  a  library  had  been  pro- 
cured in  addition  to  a  first-class  reading  room. 
September  2,  1898,  the  Wenatchee  Fire  Depart- 
ment was  organized.  Its  original  membership 
comprised  seventeen  active  citizens.  The  first 
officers  were:  L.  O.  Hall,  chief;  George  J. 
Evans,  first  assistant  chief;  Charles  Kinney, 
second  assistant  chief;  Dr.  Gilchrist,  drill- 
master;  William  ]\I.  Cumins,  secretary;  Percy 
Scheble,  treasurer.  The  United  States  govern- 
ment census  of  1900  gave  Wenatchee  a  popu- 
lation of  four  hundred  and  fifty-one. 

The  steamer  Wenatchee,  better  known  as 
the  "Irish  World,"  was  destroyed  by  fire  at 
her  dock  early  Saturday  morning,  July  13, 
1 90 1.  The  origin  of  this  disaster  remains  un- 
known. The  steamer  was  built  in  1899  and 
was  owned  by  Baily  &  O'Connor.  The  insur- 
ance of  $3,500  only  partially  covered  the  loss. 

Between  Tuesday.  September  '  3,  and  Fri- 
day, September  6,  1901,  the  first  county  fair 
was  held  in  the  city  of  Wenatchee,  and  in  every 
particular  it  was  an  unqualified  success. 

October  10  of  this  year  five  miles  west  of 
Wenatchee.  there  occurred  a  frightful  wreck 
between  two  freight  trains,  both  running  extra 
on  the  Great  Northern  railway.  It  resulted  in 
the  death  of  Samuel  Stallcup,  a  fireman,  and. 
H.  H.  Hixson,  a  brakeman,  and  serious  injury 

to  E.  P.  Carson,  brakeman,  Fieldingy 

engineer,  and  James  Barr,  engineer.  Near  the 
same  place  on  the  Great  Northern  occurred 
another  wreck,  March  7,   1902,  caused  by  a 


rear-end  collision.  The  stationary  train  had 
been  stopped  by  a  landslide  and  huge  rock  on 
the  track.  Lee  Ferryman,  a  brakeman.  was 
killed,  being  scalded  to  death. 

A  remarkable  growth  was  enjoyed  by  We- 
natchee during  the  year  1902.  In  a  special  edi- 
tion of  the  IP'cnatcIicc  Advance,  issued  January 
3.  1903,  it  is  estimated  that  the  total  cost  of  resi- 
dences and  business  houses  erected  in  1902  was 
$320,000.  Some  of  the  principal  business 
houses  built  that  year,  and  their  cost,  are  as 
follows: 

Wenatchee  Hardware  C^impany,  brick,  one 
story  and  basement,  50x100,  $5,500;  Scheble 
&  Lane,  two  story  brick,  48x80,  $6,500; 
Orondo  Shipping  Company,  frame  mill,  ware- 
house and  machinery,  $22,000 :  Seattle  Brewing 
«&  Malting  Company,  cold  storage,  $4,500;  O. 
B.  Fuller,  one-story  brick,  38x100,  $5,500;  D. 
A.  Beal,  two-story  brick,  25x120,  $4,600; 
John  Durieux,  two-story  brick,  25x80,  $5,600; 
L.  O.  Bardin,  two-story  brick,  50x75,  $9,500; 
Mrs.  Parsons,  Columbia  hotel,  $2,500;  J.  M. 
Duft'y,  Olympia  building,  $2,200;  W.  M.  Cross, 
Olympia  cafe,  $800 ;  Captain  Alexander  Griggs, 
two  frame  buildings,  $1,500;  Morse  &  Wheeler, 
feed  store  and  barn,  $1,500;  Eagle  Livery,  ad- 
dition to  barn,  $850;  S.  D.  Cox,  store  building, 
$850;  J.  W.  Allison,  "Owl  Club."  $1,500;  Fritz 
&  Padoshek,  frame  addition.  $600;  total, 
$75,000. 

During  this  progressive  year  three  new- 
steamers  were  built  in  the  Wenatchee  ship- 
yard; the  North  Star,  at  a  cost  of  $7,000;  the 
Gerome,  $9,000,  and  the  Chelan,  $15,000.  mak- 
ing a  total  outlay  of  $31,000  in  shipbuilding  for 
the  year.  Fifty  thousand  dollars  would  be  a 
low  estimate  for  improvements  in  the  valley  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  Wenatchee. 

The  fruit  shipments  by  express  from 
Wenatchee,  for  the  year  ending  November  31, 
1902,  were  as  follows  :  Total  number  of  boxes, 
162,743:  total  weight.  4.615.467  pounds,  or 
an  amount  equal  to  132  car-loads.  The  in- 
crease over  tlie  shipmants  of  a  year  before  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


719 


about  85  per  cent.  The  shipments  by  freight 
for  the  same  period  aggregated  105.000  boxes; 
running  the  total  up  to  267,743  boxes,  or  225 
car-loads.  Much  of  this  fruit  was  from  or- 
chards only  in  partial  bearing. 

The  steady  increase  in  bank  business  and 
balances  redounded  to  the  acknowledged  pros- 
perity of  Wenatchee.  In  January,'  1903.  Guy 
C.  Browne,  cashier  of  the  Columbia  Valley 
Bank,  said:  "The  growth  of  our  business  has 
been  very  rapid.  The  volume  of  business  al- 
most doubled  in  1902.  More  people  are  begins 
ning  to  see  the  advantage  of  sending  money  by 
bank  draft,  and  our  draft  business  during  1902 
increased  100  per  cent.  Bank  deposits  to  a 
large  extent  reflect  the  prosperity  of  a  com- 
munity. Our  increase  in  deposits  we  think  very 
flattering  to  both  Wenatchee  and  the  Columbia 
Valley  bank.  Take  our  deposits  on  December 
30,  a  time  when  they  are  never  as  high  as  at 
other  periods  in  the  year,  for  the  last  five  years, 
and  the  increase  is  wonderful.  They  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

December  30,  1898   $33-750.45 

December  30,  1899 41.862.54 

December  30,  1900 59'5i8-93 

December  30,  1901 104,710.48 

December  30,  1902 167,484.89 

The  Wenatchee  Commercial  Club,  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  business  organizations  in 
the  northwest,  was  organized  Monday  evening, 
April  20,  1903.  The  original  officers  were  as 
follows:  John  A.  Gellatly,  president;  A.  Z. 
Wells,  vice-president;  Arthur  Gunn,  treasurer; 
H.  C.  Littlefield,  secretary;  trustees,  C.  E. 
Stohl,  N.  N.  Brown,  C.  A.  Harlin,  L.  V.  Wells, 
and  Ira  D.  Edwards. 

November  25,  1903,  the  population  of 
Wenatchee  had  increased  to  1,690,  Thursday, 
November  19,  a  special  census  was  completed 
by  \Y.  A.  Sanders.     Wenatchee  then  became  a 


city  of  the  third  class,  ha\-ing  150  in  excess  of 
the  required  number  of  inhabitants,  1,500.  The 
year  1903  witnessed  a  remarkable  growth  of 
population  as  well  as  many  substantial  im- 
pro\-ements.  During  this  year  over  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  buildings  were  erected  within 
the  city  limits,  the  total  cost  of  which  amounted 
to  fully  $200,000.  Some  of  the  principal  items 
of  this  amount  were  the  Wenatchee  Milling 
Company's  grist  mill  and  warehouse,  $20,000; 
Wenatchee  Box  Factory,  building  and  ware- 
house, $6,000;  high  school  building,  $8,000; 
Baptist  church  building,  $3,300;  Electric  Light 
and  Power  Company's  buildings  and  ma- 
chinery, $18,000;  Griggs  block,  under  construc- 
tion, $13,000;  Olympia  Cold  Storage  and  We- 
natchee Bottling  works,  building,  $9,000;  and 
15,400  lineal  feet  (nearly  three  miles)  of  side- 
walk, $7,700. 

Outside  of  the  town  proper  and  within  a 
radius  of  two  miles  of  Wenatchee,  over  fifty 
residences,  in  addition  to  barns,  were  erected  at 
a  total  cost  of  not  less  than  $75,000.  The  great 
Wenatchee  (High  Line)  canal  was,  also,  com- 
pleted during  this  year  at  a  cost  of  $250,000. 
The  Home  Water  Company  expended  about 
$15,000  on  the  water  proposition,  and  the 
expenditure  of  the  Farmers'  Telephone  Com- 
pany will  amount  to  at  least  $10,000.  These 
improvements,  added  to  those  within  the  city 
limits  will  bring  the  total  to  fully  half  a  million 
dollars  for  the  town  of  Wenatchee  and  its 
immediate  vicinity.  The  JJ'ciiafclicc  Advance 
said,  early  in  January,  1904  : 

"Among  the  many  enterprises  of  Wenatchee 
in  which  large  capital  is  invested  the  Columbia 
&  Okanogan  Steamboat  Line  stands  prominent. 

"There  are  seven  boats  in  its -fleet  of  steam- 
ers plying  the  Columbia  river  north  to  Brew- 
ster, Bridgeport  and  Riverside  on  the  Okano- 
gan river.  The  steamers,  the  date  of  their 
building  and  the  cost  of  their  consti-uction 
follows : 


720 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Name.                       Built.  Cost. 

\V.  H.  Pringle 1901  $35,000 

Selkirk    1899  15,000 

Chelan    1900  18,000 

Alexander  Griggs  .  .  .  1903  10,000 

North  Star   1902  9,000 

Gerome    1902  6,000 

Echo    1897  1,500 

Total $94,500 

"To  the  above  must  be  added  the  cost  of 
dockage,  wharf-boats,  etc.,  in  Wenatchee  and 
at  up-river  points,  and  a  reasonable  estimate 
places  such  cost  at  $13,000.  Thus  we  have  a 
total  investment  of  $107,500.  As  stated  in  the 
Advance  a  few  weeks  back,  the  three  largest 
boats,  W.  H.  Pringle,  Chelan  and  Selkirk,  are 
to  be  elaborately  fitted  up  for  the  season  of 
1904,  and  the  work  connected  with  these  pro- 
posed improvements  will  involve  the  expendi- 
ture of  several  thousand  dollars.  *  *  *  The 
season  just  closed  has  witnessed  a  large  volume 
of  up-river  steamer  business,  and  there  is  an 
absoute  certainty  that  during  the  year  1904 
business  will  be  largely  increased." 

Concerning  the  eligible  location  of  We- 
natchee the  Seattle  Commom<.'calth  in  its  issue 
of  November  8,  1902,  said: 

"In  addition  to  being  the  center  of  Wash- 
ington's fairest  and  richest  valley,  yet  in  its 
infancy,  the  town  of  Wenatchee  has  been  bene- 
fited ever  since  its  inception  by  its  advantageous 
situation.  Its  advantages  are  many  and  have 
been  materially  heightened  and  multiplied  since 
the  construction  through  the  valley  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway,  and  these  advantages  must 
have  the  effect  in  the  near  future  of  placing  We- 
natchee in  the  forefront  of  the  state's  inland 
cities.  Primarily  must  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion its  geographical  position,  and  in  this  re- 
spect the  town  is  superior  to  any  center  in  the 
state  of  Washington. 

"Tributary  to  it  is  the  entire  territory  of 
Chelan  and  Okanogan  counties,  and  the  eastern 


half  of  Douglas  county.  This  is  not  due  to 
railroad  facilities,  but  to  its  natural  position, 
and  Wenatchee  is  by  nature  destined  for  all 
time  to  be  the  distributing  point  of  this  terri- 
tory. It  is  a  mercantile,  as  well  as  a  fruit 
center.  Conveniently  situated  on  the  Columbia, 
navigable  for  170  miles  to  the  northward,  all 
the  up-river  settlements,  including  much  of  the 
Big  Bend  wheat  belt,  some  thirty  small  towns 
in  all,  are  also  tributary  to  Wenatchee. 

"Another  factor  which  has  contributed  to 
the  town's  growth  in  the  past,  and  which  must 
undoubtedly  do  so  in  the  future,  is  its  close 
identification  with  the  interests  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  Company." 

The  original  townsite  of  Wenatchee  was 
platted  August  28,  1888,  by  Don  Carlos  Cor- 
bett.  The  next  year  the  following  additions 
to  the  old  town  were  platted:  Haley's,  Bur- 
rell's,  Murray  &  Company's  and  Haley's  sec- 
ond addition.  In  1890  Prowell's  addition  was 
platted;  in  1891  Stahl  &  Tidmarsh's  First, 
Bolenbaugh's  First  and  Haley's  Third  were 
added,  and  in  1892  Stevens'  First.  These  ad- 
ditions were  all  to  the  old  town. 

The  Great  Northern  plat  of  Wenatchee  was 
filed  May  4,  1892,  by  the  Wenatchee  Develop- 
ment Company,  and  an  amended  plat  was  filed 
by  them  August  5,  1892.  The  same  year  the 
First  addition,  Engineers',  was  platted.  In  1893 
came  the  Central  addition;  in  1899  Suburban 
Home,  Second  Suburban  Home  and  ]\Ianufac- 
turers'  addition;  in  1900  Warehouse  addition 
and  Smith  Park;  in  1901  Garden  Home  addi- 
tion and  Nob  Hill;  in  1902  Home  Lands, 
Fairview  and  Keefer's  addition,  and  in  1903 
Grand  \"iew  addition. 


As  a  townsite  Chelan  came  into  existence 
under  a  serious  handicap.  Previous  to  1886 
all  the  tract  of  land  north  of  the  Chelan,  to  the 
Methow  river,  had  been  an  Indian  reservation, 
and  was  open  to  "homestead  entry  only,"  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


721 


proclamation  of  President  Cleveland,  after  per- 
mitting such  Indians  as  were  parties  to  certain 
treaties,  and  who  so  desired,  to  take  allotments. 
It  was  then  in  Okonogan  county.  Probate 
Judge  Ballard,  assisted  by  United  States  Sur- 
veyor Henry  Carr,  in  July,  1889,  laid  out  the 
government  townsite  of  Chelan,  the  plat  of 
which  was  hied  in  the  land  office  at  Yakima. 
But  for  some  reason  which  has  never  been  satis- 
factorily explained  this  plat  was  received  and 
filed  by  the  register  of  the  land  office  as  a  pre- 
emption, despite  the  fact  that  nothing  but  a 
homestead  could  be  taken  upon  the  newly 
opened  tract. 

Thus,  at  its  inception,  and  after  some  300 
or  400  shacks  had  been  erected  by  those  claim- 
ing lots,  it  was  discovered  that  no  title  could 
be  obtained.  All  this  confusion  operated  as  a 
temporary  back-set.  However,  the  defect  was 
finally  and  completely  remedied  by  former 
United  States  Senator  (then  Congressman) 
John  L.  Wilson,  who  secured  the  passage  by 
congress  of  a  bill  granting  valid  title  to  these 
early  settlers  in  the  town  of  Chelan.  This  was  in 
1892,  and  the  bill  forever  settled  the  question 
of  the  titles  of  the  Chelan  townsite.  Following 
is  the  report  of  the  house  committee  on  public 
lands  on  the  bill  to  grant  certain  land  to  the 
town  of  Chelan,  in  Okanogan  county,  Wash- 
ington : 

The  land  in  question  was  required  for  townsite  pur- 
poses under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  as  such 
was  located  by  C.  H.  Ballard,  probate  judge,  in  trust 
and  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  town  of  Chelan.  Pend- 
ing this  a  treaty  was  made  releasing  the  Indian  title,  as 
the  legislation  concerning  that  precluded  location  of 
land  embraced  in  the  treaty  under  all  but  the  homestead 
laws.  Inasmuch  as  a  townsite  cannot  be  located  under 
homestead  law  and  homestead  cannot  be  located  on  land 
selected  as  a  townsite,  no  title  can  be  given  to  lands 
without  an  enabling  act  of  congress.  The  committee 
finds  no  adverse  claims,  and  therefore  report  the  bill  to 
the  house  with  the  recommendation  that  it  pass. 

A  special  from  Washington.  D.  C,  dated 
February  29,  1892,  said  : 

"Representative  Wilson  today  asked  unani- 


mous consent,  and  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill 
granting  a  patent  for  a  quarter  section  of 
Okanogan  county  upon  which  the  town  of 
Chelan  is  situated.  The  patent  goes  to  the 
probate  judge  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  town  under  the  townsite  laws. 
The  townsite  was  taken  under  the  pre-emption 
laws;  later  it  was  discovered  that  in  the  segre- 
gation of  Okanogan  county  from  the  Colville 
Indian  reservation  it  had  been  provided  that 
the  lands  could  be  acquired  only  under  the 
homestead  laws.  As  a  large  number  of  people 
had  taken  and  impro\'ed  lots  on  the  townsite 
this  worked  a  great  hardship.  Appeal  was 
made  to  representative  Wilson,  who  promptly 
introduced  the  measure." 

Having  passed  both  houses  this  bill  was  ap- 
proved March  24.  Later  C.  H.  Ballard,  trus- 
tee of  the  Chelan  townsite,  came  to  Chelan  and 
attended  to  the  business  of  giving  patents  to 
residents.  Today  the  title  is  as  good  as  the 
United  States  government  can  make  it,  and  ' 
since  that  period  the  town  has  grown  steadily 
and  satisfactorily. 

In  the  spring  of  1888  the  white  settlers 
along  the  shore  of  Lake  Chelan  comprised  W. 
L.  Sanders,  Henry  Dumke,  I.  A.  Navarre  and 
family,  Frank  Mowrey,  R.  H.  Lord,  Augustus 
W.  Cooper,  William  Feickert,  L.  H.  and  Albert 
Spader  and  J.  W.  Horton.  In  1887  Judge  I. 
A.  Navarre,  W.  L.  Sanders  and  Henry  Dumke 
settled  on  the  lake  and  they  were  the  original 
pioneers  of  the  country.  The  first  white  child 
born  on  the  lake  shore  was  little  Joe,  the  son  of 
Judge  Navarre.  Among  the  first  settlers  north 
of  the  Chelan  river  were  Messrs.  L.  H.  Woodin 
and  Julius  A.  Larrabee,  with  their  families,  the 
latter  from  Ripon,  Wisconsin.  Each  of  these 
men  took  a  tract  of  land  east  of  the  new  town- 
site.  Thomas  R.  Gibson  erected  the  first  resi- 
dence house  within  the  limits  of  the  town  of 
Chelan,  but  this  was  almost  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  residences  built  by  W.  F.  Allinder  and 
Reuben  Underwood.  A  store  conducted  by  C. 
E.  Whaley  in   1890  was  the  original  business 


722 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


enterprise  in  Chelan.  Mr.  W'haley  first  visited 
the  phice  early  in  1890,  coming  across  the  Big 
Bend  country  afoot,  from  Waterville.  Shortly 
afterward  he  opened  up  business  with  a  small 
stock  of  goods.  Chelan  secured  a  postoffice 
in  the  spring  of  1890,  and  I\Ir.  Brinton  Love- 
lace was  apointed  postmaster.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  H.  A.  Graham,  and  he.  in  turn,  by 
C.  E.  W'haley.  The  present  postmaster  is  J.  A. 
Larrabee. 

Among  the  sturdy,  enterprising  pioneers  of 
Chelan  who  have  figiu-ed  prominently  in  its 
stirring  and  eventful  history  are  L.  H.  Woodin, 
Julius  A.  Larrabee,  C.  E.  Whaley,  Thomas  R. 
Gibson.  \\'.  F.  Allinder,  Reuben  Underwood, 
Brinton  Lovelace,  H.  A.  Graham.  A.  F.  Nich- 
ols, Dr.  J.  L.  Jacobs,  D.  A.  Woman,  Carpenter 
&  Murdock,  A.  L.  Johnson,  Mr.  Converse. 
Joshua  A.  Baker,  C.  C.  Campbell,  Dewitt  C. 
Britt,  J.  D.  Berrier,  Leslie  Barden,  Dr.  Albert 
S.  Hayley,  and  Daniel  J.  Switzer. 

In  May,  1890,  there  were  three  hundred 
buildings  on  the  townsite  of  Chelan,  many  of 
them  having  been  erected  for  the  purpose  of 
holding  lots.  At  that  period  County  Commis- 
sioner Charles  Johnson  was  president  of  the 
Chelan  board  of  trade,  an  organization  that  has 
accomplished  much  in  the  way  of  advertising 
the  resources  of  the  district  and  attracting  the 
attention  of  home  seekers  and  investors.  There 
were  in  Chelan  at  this  time  three  general  mer- 
chandise stores,  one  hardware  store,  one  drug 
store,  two  saloons,  and  a  blacksmith  shop. 
November  19,  1891,  the  Chelan  Leader  said: 

"Over  two  years  ago  the  present  site  of  the 
town  was  platted  and  it  has  had  a  steady 
growth  ever  since.  A  new  town  only  a  mile  up 
the  south  shore  has  been  laid  out  within  a  year 
and  named  Lake  Park,  where  the  steamers  land, 
and  it  is  a  l)eautiful  situation.  The  two  places 
together  have  five  stores,  three  hotels,  one  saw- 
mill, one  market,  one  or  two  real  estate  offices, 
a  good  livery  stable,  two  church  organizations 
and  a  live  Sunday  School," 

In  January,  1893,  a  petition  signed  by  C.  C. 


Campbell  and  %:^  others,  praying  for  the  incor- 
poration of  Chelan,  was  presented  to  the  com- 
missioners of  Okanogan  county.  The  com- 
missioners' report  denying  the  petition  is  as 
follows : 

"In  this  matter  it  appearing  to  the  county 
commissioners  that  the  said  petition  has  not 
been  signed  by  sixty  qualified  electors  of  the 
county,  residents  within  the  limits  of  such  pro- 
posed corporation,  as  is  required  by  law.  it  is 
ordered  that  said  petition  be  rejected  and  re- 
turned." 

In  the  fall  of  1893  Chelan's  financial  insti- 
tution, the  First  Chelan  Bank,  was  established 
by  Messrs.  Converse  &  Baker,  two  gentlemen 
from  Blue  Earth,  Minnesota.  In  July,  1893, 
the  other  business  enterprises  of  Chelan  had  in- 
creased to  five  general  stores,  a  bakery,  black- 
smith shop,  printing  office,  the  Chelan  Leader, 
a  livery  stable,  a  market  and  a  saloon. 

As  with  so  many  other  towns  favorably  lo- 
cated Chelan  has  had  the  county  seat  bee  in  her 
bonnet.  In  the  summer  and  fall  of  1894  Che- 
lan was  a  candidate  for  the  capital  of  Okano- 
gan county.  A  petition  signed  by  705  quali- 
fied voters  of  that  county  was  presented  to  the 
commissioners  asking  that  a  special  election  be 
called  for  the  purpose  of  voting  on  the  proposi- 
tion to  remove  the  county  seat  from  ConconuUy 
to  Chelan. 

Judges  W.  A.  Reneau,  of  Waterville,  C. 
C.  Campbell  and  Deputy  Sheriff  Farley,  of 
Chelan,  appeared  before  the  regular  October 
meeting  of  the  board  at  ConconuUy,  and  pre- 
sented the  petition.  Arguments  were  made  in 
favor  of  granting  the  same  by  Judge  Reneau, 
and  against  it  by  one.  Hankey.  who  had  Iwen 
employed  as  county  attorney.  The  board  de- 
cided to  call  the  election,  but  later  reconsidered 
this  action  and  issued  an  order  against  granting 
the  petition. 

In  May,  1898.  the  question  of  county  seat 
removal  was  again  sprung.  On  the  28th  in- 
stant a  meeting  was  held  at  Exhibition  Hall, 
Chelan,  over  which  presided  Judge  C.  C.  Camp- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


7^Z 


bell.  Mr.  Ellery  R.  Fosdick  served  as  secre- 
tary. Chairman  Campbell  stated  that  the  ob- 
ject of  the  meeting  was  to  take  initiatory  steps 
looking  to  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  from 
its  present  location  to  the  Chelan  Valley;  that 
the  law  required  a  petition  signed  by  at  least 
one-third  of  the  voters  at  the  last  election,  ask- 
ing that  the  question  of  removal  be  submitted 
to  the  people  at  the  next  succeeding  general 
election,  stating  definitely  the  proposed  new  lo- 
cation and  other  material  facts,  and  presented 
to  the  county  commissioners  at  their  first  regu- 
lar meeting.  Judge  Campbell  also  read  the  law, 
showing  conclusively  that  with  the  present 
population,  county  division,  which  some  pre- 
ferred, was  out  of  the  question  and  would  be 
for  an  indefinite  time  to  come.  Calling  for  a 
general  expression  from  the  assembly  a  general 
discussion  followed  participated  in  by  Messrs. 
C.  Robinson,  Joseph  Darnell,  C.  C.  Campbell, 
C.  E.  Whaley,  DeWitt  C.  Britt.  Charles  Colver, 
Bernard  Devin,  Benjamin  F.  Smith,  J.  F.  Will- 
iams, Fred  Pflasging.  H.  R.  Kingman,  A.  H. 
Murdock,  P.  H.Varley,  H.  A.  Graham,  J.  F. 
Baker,  James  Pumpelly,  F.  W.  Easley,  Ellery 
R.  Fosdick,  Augustus  W.  Cooper,  R.  H.  Lord, 
William  M.  Emerson,  T.  A.  Wright  and  others. 

Messrs.  Cooper,  Lord  and  Emerson  volun- 
teered their  services  in  circulating  the  petition 
free  of  charge,  and  it  was  voted  unanimously 
to  undertake  the  removal  of  the  county  seat 
to  the  Chelan  Valley.  The  chair  appointed  A. 
H.  Murdock,  Ellery  R.  Fosdick  and  H.  R. 
Kingman  a  committee  to  draft  a  subscription 
paper  for  the  purpose  of  -raising  funds  for  im- 
mediate expenses.  The  chairman  also  stated 
that  Judge  William  Henry  had  offered  to  do- 
nate a  site  for  court  house  purposes,  and  that 
Mr.  M.  M.  Kingman  had  offered  two  acres  in 
his  residence  tract  on  the  south  side  of  the  Che- 
lan river.  The  offer  of  Mr.  Kingman  was  ac- 
cepted. Everyone  being  invited  to  subscribe  to 
the  expense  fund  a  handsome  sum  was  collected 
and  the  meeting  adjourned. 

.\nd  yet  this  last  attempt  was  destined  to 


come  to  naught.  The  petition  was  subsequently 
signed  by  529  voters.  If  the  reader  wil  turn  to 
the  "First  Exploration  and  Early  History  of 
Okanogan  County,"  in  Part  Four  of  this  work, 
he  will  see  that,  while  the  county  commissioners 
granted  this  petition,  and  an  election  was  held, 
the  question  of  a  division  of  the  county  had  been 
injected  into  the  discussion,  and  this  fact  mili- 
tated against  the  new  county  seat  "boomers." 
The  question  of  removal  was  defeated  by  a 
vote  of  550  against,  to  253  for  removal. 

Chelan  decided  to  incorporate  in  May,  1902, 
At  an  election  the  citizens  voted  almost  to  a 
man  in  favor  of  the  proposition,  there  being 
only  seven  votes  against  it.  Much  thought  was 
bestowed  upon  the  question  and  it  was  dis- 
cussed from  various  view  points.  The  new  city 
council  comprised  the  following  members : 
Elmer  Boyd,  H.  B.  Higgins,  A.  H.  iNIurdock, 
G.  L.  Richardson,  and  C.  E.  Whaley.  Amos 
Edmunds  was  elected  mayor,  and  J.  A.  Van 
Slyke,  treasurer.  The  total  number  of  votes 
cast  was  sixty-three. 

Amos  Edmunds,  the  first  mayor  of  Chelan, 
formerly  resided  at  La  Harpe,  Illinois,  where 
he  had  large  property  interests.  L'''ntil  coming 
to  Chelan  he  had  resided  on  a  farm  all  his  life, 
and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  largest 
breeders  of  blooded  cattle  in  the  United  States. 
In  1900  he  came  west  on  a  visit  to  his  brother- 
in-law,  C.  C.  Campbell,  of  Chelan,  by  whom 
he  was  induced  to  build  the  Hotel  Chelan. 
Elmer  Boyd,  the  youngest  member  of  the  coun- 
cil, completed  a  course  in  mining  and  assaying 
at  the  state  agricultural  college,  at  Pullman, 
Washington,  and  at  the  time  of  his  election  to 
the  city  council  was  engaged  in  the  assaying 
business.  He  is  a  son  of  ex-county  commis- 
sioner Boyd. 

H.  B.  Higgins  was  a  contractor  and  builder, 
having  a  business  block  on  Jackson  avenue  in 
association  with  his  brother.  A.  H.  Murdock 
had  been  engaged  in  the  hardware  business  in 
Chelan  for  ten  years,  and  aside  from  his  town 
property   was    heavily   interested    in    valuable 


724 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mining  property  in  the  Chelan  district.  G.  L. 
Richardson  was  the  senior  member  of  the 
Richardson  Drug  Company,  which  had  been  in 
business  in  Chelan  for  about  a  year.  C.  E. 
Whaley  was  in  the  general  mercantile  business 
in  Chelan  for  about  twelve  years,  during  live 
years  of  which  time  he  was  postmaster.  His 
was  the  first  store  in  Chelan.  J.  A.  Van  Slyke, 
the  treasurer-elect,  was  a  son-in-law  of  J.  F. 
Baker,  president  of  the  First  Chelan  Bank. 

In  August,  1903,  twenty-four  of  Chelan's 
most  enterprising  business  men  assembled  at 
the  Chelan  Hotel,  on  the  i8th  instant,  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  a  Commercial  Club.  On 
the  31st  the  organization  was  perfected  and 
named  the  Chelan  Commercial  Club,  with  the 
following  officers:  M.  M.  Foote,  president;  J. 
H.  Holden,  vice-president;  Frederick  H.  Fu- 
rey,  secretary;  Barnett  Stillwell,  treasurer;  M. 
j\I.  Foster,  Amos  Edmunds,  Dr.  A.  I.  Mitchell, 
J.  A.  Van  Slyke  and  E.  Weber,  board  of  direc- 
tors. The  charter  members  of  this  organiza- 
tion were  A.  P.  Kelso,  Emil  Weber,  Rush  J. 
White,  W.  D.  Richards,  Amos  Edmunds,  J.  A. 
Van  Slyke,  Barnett  Stillwell,  W.  H.  Gum- 
ming, E.  E.  Weber,  J.  H.  Holden,  M.  E.  Lies, 
M.  Garton,  Charles  A.  Shindler,  Frederick 
Pflasging,  F.  H.  Furey,  Judge  C.  C.  Camp- 
bell, M.  M.  Foote,  John  Isenhart,  A.  I.  Mit- 
chell, O.  W.  Brownfield,  C.  S.  Ridout,  George 
M.  Jacobs,  Thomas  R.  Gibson,  Captain  John 
B.  Lucas. 

The  condition  of  Chelan  January  i,  1904, 
is  thus  described  by  the  Leader  of  that  date : 

The  year  just  closed  has  been  one  of  notable  pros- 
perity for  Lake  Chelan.  During  the  year  many  thous- 
ands of  dollars  have  been  expended  developing  the 
mines,  a  number  of  which  are  practically  ready  to  mine 
and  ship  ore  so  soon  as  a  smelter  is  built  to  handle 
them.  The  Railroad  Creek,  twelve-mile,  mining,  narrow 
gauge  railway  has  been  made  very  nearly  ready  for  the 
rails,  and  the  Holden  mine  alone  has  contracted  to  de- 
liver to  a  smelter  syndicate  500,000  tons  of  copper  and 
gold-bearing  ore. 

Large  building  operations  have  been  carried  on  at 
the  foot  of  the  lake,  including  handsome  brick  blocks, 
frame  business  houses,  brick  and  frame  residences,  one 


new  church,  an  annex  to  another,  etc.  A  retaining  dam 
has  been  built  in  the  Chelan  river  to  improve  lake  navi- 
gation and  to  regulate  that  great  and  important  reser- 
voir. Another  bridge  has  been  erected  across  that 
stream.  The  Chelan  Water  Power  Company  has  in- 
stalled and  put  in  operation  an  electric  lighting  plant  for 
Lakeside  and  Chelan  that  any  place  might  be  proud  of; 
has  excavated  and  built  a  brick  and  cement  reservoir 
and  has  laid  over  five  miles  of  water  mains,  for  a  water 
system  for  the  community  that  would  be  hard  to  equal 
anywhere  in  eastern  Washington  outside  of  Spokane, 
and  has  installed  a  pumping  plant  at  their  power  works, 
expecting  to  fill  the  reservoir,  flood  their  mains  and  begin 
active  business  with  the  opening  day  of  the  new  year. 
Although  several  new  mercantile  firms  have  come  in, 
business  has  been  more  tlian  usually  prosperous ;  an  un- 
usually large  holiday  trade  is  reported,  and  there  have 
been  no  failures  in  business. 

The  Auditorium  Association  has  been  reorganized 
and  put  on  a  business  basis,  and  has  begun  in  earnest 
to  lift  its  indebtedness  incurred  in  building  that  elegant 
structure,  and  to  finish  it  in  a  comfortable  and  credit- 
able style.  There  has  been  comparatively  little  sickness 
during  the  year  in  proportion  to  the  population,  which 
latter  has  been  greatly  augmented  by  a  good,  well-to-do 
class  of  people,  and  we  have  been  remarkably  free  from 
contagious  diseases.  The  tourist  travel  to  the  lake  has 
far  exceeded  that  of  any  previous  year,  taxing  to  their 
upmost  capacity  all  the  hotels  and  resorts.  The  public 
park  has  been  plowed  and  fenced  and  will  be  planted  to 
trees  ne.xt  spring.  A  fine,  costly,  well-equipped  sanita- 
rium is  one  of  the  acquisitions  of  the  year.  Taken  alto- 
gether the  Lake  Chelan  community  has  made  a  decided 
advance  over  any  previous  year  in  its  history. 

The  Congregational  Church  was  the  first 
one  to  occupy  the  field  in  Chelan.  It  was  estab- 
lished in  1890,  but  was  never  very  strong,  sus- 
pending services  a  few  years  later.  Shortly 
after  the  establishment  of  the  Congregational 
Church  the  Methodists  also  organized,  and  this 
proved  an  important  moral  and  religious  force 
in  the  community.  In  November,  1896,  the 
Methodists  began  the  erection  of  a  house  of 
worship,  28.X40  feet,  with  a  seating  capacity 
of  250.  In  Augiist,  1897,  it  was  completed 
and  occupied.  Its  total  cost,  including  furni- 
ture, was  $1,425.  In  1897  the  Episcopal 
Church  was  organized,  the  result  of  ministra- 
tions at  various  times  by  Bishop  L.  H.  Wells, 
of  Spokane,  ably  supplemented  by  the  labors  of 
Rev.  B.  C.  Roberts.  St.  Andrews  Episcopal 
Church  is  one  of  the  notable  sights  of  Chelan. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


725 


being  built  entirely  of  logs.  The  interior  is 
unique,  finished  in  the  rough,  giving  the  whole 
a  rustic  appearance  that  is  both  pleasing  and 
impresesive.  It  is  seated  with  long  benches, 
with  backs,  and  the  pulpit  chairs  are  made  of 
pole  wood,  while  the  pulpit  stands  are  con- 
structed of  large  logs,  cut  about  four  feet  in 
length,  and  standing  on  end.  A  pole  fence  also 
surrounds  the  church.  The  plans  were  ordered 
by  Bishop  L.  H.  Wells,  and  K.  K.  Cutter,  of 
Spokane,  was  the  architect  of  this  place  of 
worship  which  was  built  during  the  fall  and 
winter  of  1898.  Rev.  Henry  J.  Gurr  is  pastor. 
The  first  Episcopalian  church  service  was  held 
June  28,  1891,  in  the  old  school  house,  Chelan, 
by  Rev.  Charles  B.  Crawford.  He  came  to 
Chelan  from  All  Saints'  Cathedral,  Spokane. 
At  this  first  service  he  baptized  Archie  Chelan 
Feichert  and  Elmer  Glenwood  Porter.  From 
the  fall  of  1896  until  the  spring  of  1898  Rev. 
Brian  C.  Roberts  was  minister  in  charge.  He 
came  over  from  Waterville  to  care  for  the  work 
here  and  at  Chelan  Falls.  The  first  ofiicers 
were  A.  H.  Murdoch,  warden;  Mrs.  C.  E. 
Whaley,  secretary;  and  Mrs.  S.  P.  Richard- 
son, treasurer.  Through  the  faithful  services 
and  unflagging  interest  of  Mrs.  C.  E.  Whaley, 
the  Sunday  school  was  well  started.  Mrs.  I.  A. 
Navarre  was  church  organist.  Under  the  lead 
of  Mr.  A.  H.  Murdock,  the  men  co-operated  in 
getting  out  logs  and  laying  the  stone  founda- 
tion for  the  present  church.  Rev.  Mr.  Roberts 
was  called  to  be  canon  at  the  Cathedral,  in 
Spokane,  and  rector  of  St.  Stephen's  school. 

The  Chelan  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
was  organized  with  twelve  members  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1 89 1,  and  Rev.  Hay  worth  was  sent 
there  as  pastor  in  connection  with  several  other 
appointments.  Mr.  Hayworth  served  the  peo- 
ple for  eighteen  months.  Having  no  church 
building  services  were  held  in  the  school  house. 
The  succeeding  pastor  was  Rev.  M.  R.  Brown, 
and  during  his  ministrations  the  organization 
became  assured  of  permanency.  Rev.  B.  E. 
Koontz  followed  Mr.  Brown,  and  during  his 


pastorate  the  church  more  than  doubled  in 
membership,  and  was  able  to  build  the  beauti- 
ful little  chapel  it  now  occupies,  and  with  no 
debt  for  future  pastors  to  meet.  Rev.  R.  D. 
Osterhout  next  became  pastor,  remaining  with 
the  church  for  about  eight  months,  when  he 
was  removed  to  other  fields.  Although  but  a 
short  time  in  charge  of  the  church  Mr.  Oster- 
hout did  a  noble  work.  Rev.,  J.  T.  Hoyle  was 
the  succeeding  pastor  and  during  his  pastorate 
of  eighteen  months  the  church  continued  to  do 
good  work  wherever  opportunity  offered. 
Among  the  pioneer  members  of  this  church  may 
be  mentioned  Spencer  Boyd  and  wife,  D.  J. 
Switzer  and  wife,  H.  A.  Graham  and  wife,  W. 
S.  McPherron  and  wife,  J.  F.  Baker  and  wife, 
Mrs.  Joseph  Darnell  and  Mrs.  Rosa  Jacobs. 
The  first  sermon  preached  in  Chelan  by  a  Meth- 
odist minister  was  delivered  by  Elder  White, 
recently  located  at  Waterville. 

An  ideal  townsite  has  Chelan,  and  it  is  sys- 
tematically laid  out  on  a  plateau  elevated  some 
four  hundred  feet  above  the  Columbia  river, 
and  located  on  the  north  side  of  the  Chelan 
river,  where  it  flows  from  the  lake.  The  fol- 
lowing additions  have  been  made  to  the  original 
townsite  of  Chelan:  South  Chelan,  July  i, 
1892,  by  Benjamin  F.  Smith;  Kingman's  First 
addition  to  Chelan,  June  25,  1898;  Lake  View 
addition,  April  i,  1891,  by  Lewis  H.  Woodin; 
Kingman's  Second  addition,  April  22,  1901; 
Foote  &^  Starr's  addition,  October  3,  1901 ; 
West  Qielan,  March  28,  1902,  by  M.  M.  King- 
man; Gibson's  addition  to  Chelan,  March  28, 
1902,  by  Thomas  R.  Gibson. 


Lakeside,  a  town  of  three  hundred  popula- 
tion, is  situated  on  the  south  shore  of  Lake 
Chelan,  about  a  mile  above  Chelan  river,  the 
lake's  outlet.  Lakeside  and  Chelan  are,  prac- 
tically, one  town.  Although  the  business  sec- 
tions of  the  two  towns  are  fully  a  mile  apart, 
the  intervening  space  is  occupied  by  residences 


726 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


owned  by  citizens  of  tlie  two  villages,  and  it  is 
highly  probable  that  in  the  future  these  two 
bustling  municipalities  will  become  one — and 
that  a  city  of  considerable  commercial  import- 
ance. 

While  Lakeside  is  the  smaller  of  the  two 
towns  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  in  some  respects 
it  has  the  advantage  of  its  sister  town.  It  is 
built,  chiefly,  along  the  water's  edge,  sheltered 
from  the  cool  blasts  of  winter  and  fanned  by 
lulling  breezes  during  the  heated  term  of  sum- 
mer, making  it  a  most  desirable  resident  sec- 
tion. Another  thing;  its  immediate  contact 
with  the  lake  commerce  (deep  water  does  not 
extend  to  the  town  of  Chelan),  is  the  cause  of 
it  being  a  lively  business  point. 

The  history  of  Lakeside  begins  with  the 
year  1888.  In  the  early  spring  Captain  Charles 
Johnson,  Benjamin  F.  Smith  and  Tunis  Har- 
denburg,  accompanied  by  their  families,  came 
to  the  new  country  and  settled  on  the  present 
site  of  Lakeside.  The  first  building  erected 
was  a  little  cabin  which  was  put  up  in  May, 
1888,  by  Tunis  Hardenburg.  The  original 
business  enterprise  was  a  sawmill  which  went 
into  commission  in  the  fall  of  that  year.  This 
was  built  by  L.  H.  Woodin,  who  arrived  on  the 
lake  from  Minneapolis  in  July.  Procuring  a 
skiff  Mr.  Woodin  went  to  the  head  of  Lake 
Chelan,  examined  the  timber  tributary,  came 
back,  looked  over  the  great  water  power 
and  agricultural  lands,  and  decided  to  put  in  a 
saw  mill.  He  then  went  to  Ellensburg,  the 
nearest  railroad  station  at  that  period,  ordered 
a  saw  mill  and  returned  home  early  in  Sep- 
tember. The  same  fall  the  new  mill  was  in  op- 
eration. The  same  autumn  Mr.  Woodin  and 
his  partner,  A.  F.  Nichols,  under  the  firm  name 
of  the  Chelan  Lumber  Company,  built  an  un- 
pretentious hotel  and  store  building  and  were 
the  pioneer  merchants  of  the  town.  The  fol- 
lowing spring  Mr.  Larrabee  and  family  came 
to  the  new  town  and  assumed  charge  of  the 
hotel,  but  shortly  afterward  Messrs.  Woodin 
&  Nichols  moved  to  the  Chelan  side  of  the  river 


and  discontinued  their  business  interests  in 
Lake  Park,  as  the  town  of  Lakeside  was  then 
recognized. 

In  November  or  December.  1888.  the  sec- 
ond store  was  established  in  the  young  town  by 
Tunis  Hardenburg.  There  were,  at  that  time, 
only  about  a  dozen  people  residing  in  the  com- 
munity, but  ]^Ir.  Hardenburg.  recognizing  the 
future  possibilities  of  the  place,  did  not  hesi- 
tate to  engage  in  business.  His  store  was  con- 
ducted in  a  modest  log  cabin  and  the  business 
proved  a  successful  venture.  Mr.  Hardenburg 
sold  his  store  to  Louis  F.  Helmond  and  in  1891 
returned  with  his  family  to  Illinois,  but  came 
back  a  year  or  two  later  and  re-established  a 
grocery  store.  He  continued  in  business  alone 
until  1896,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
his  brother,  George  W.  Hardenburg.  formerly 
of  Conconully. 

The  year  1889  witnessed  the  arrival  of 
other  settlers  and  the  community  continued  to 
grow.  During  this  year  Joseph  Darnell  came 
frrom  the  little  town  of  Almira,  Lincoln 
county,  and  engaged  in  the  hotel  business,  and 
has  since  remained  here.  June  12,  1891,  the 
townsite  of  Lake  Park  was  platted  from  the 
homesteads  of  Captain  Charles  Johnson  and 
Tunis  Hardenburg.  each  gentleman  furnishing 
forty  acres.  Following  the  platting  of  the 
townsite  the  place  continued  to  grow,  but  it 
was  not  until  two  years  later — in  the  fall  of 
1893 — that  the  citizens  succeeded  in  getting  a 
postoffice  located  there.  Tunis  Hardenburg 
was  the  first  postmaster  and  the  town  was 
thereafter  known  as  Lakeside.  The  change 
in  name  was  made  necessary  owing  to  the  fact 
that  there  was  another  postoffice  in  the  state 
called  Lake  Park.  At  Lakeside  are  located  the 
docks  for  the  steamers  that  navigate  Lake  Che- 
lan, and  a  history  of  the  steamers  which  have 
navigated  the  lake  may  not  be  out  of  place 
here.  The  first  steamer  to  navigate  these  mag- 
nificent waters  was  the  BclIc  of  Chelan,  built 
in  the  winter  of  1888-9,  ^y  Goggins  &  Follett. 
For  two  years  the  BcUc  w-as  the  only  boat  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


727 


the  lake.  R.  J.  VVatkins  was  chief  engineer  and 
Charles  Trow  captain.  The  next  boat  to  ply 
the  waters  of  Chelan  was  the  Omaha,  which 
was  put  into  commission  by  Thomas  R.  Gib- 
son. Mr.  Gibson  arrived  at  the  lake  in  April, 
1 889.  He  returned  to  Fremont,  Nebraska, 
for  a  load  of  his  goods,  and  brought  back  with 
him,  for  the  Omaha  company,  the  staunch  little 
steamer  Omaha,  which  had  been  built  in  Wau- 
kegan,  Illinois,  for  Lake  Chelan.  Mr.  Gibson 
brought  this  boat  across  the  mountains  from 
Ellensburg  to  Wenatchee,  and  thence  by  wagon 
to  the  lake.  This  was  quite  an  undertaking, 
the  hull  being  of  oak,  and  the  boat  measuring 
over  all  34x83/  feet.  The  Oina/ia  was  not 
launched  until  the  following  spring,  when 
Howard  A.  Graham  came  out  from  Nebraska 
to  take  charge  of  her  for  the  company.. 

In  1 89 1  Messrs.  Gibson  and  Johnson  put 
into  commission  the  launch  Clipper,  which  had 
formerly  been  utilized  as  a  ferry  boat  on  the 
Columbia  river.  The  Clipper  continued  to  nav- 
igate the  lake  for  one  year.  The  next  boats  put 
on  the  lake  were  the  Queen  and  Dragon.  The 
year  following  her  launching  the  Queen  was 
wrecked,  the  only  boat  that  ever  met  this  fate 
on  Lake  Chelan.  The  Queen  was  a  mail 
steamer  and  made  two  trips  a  week  between 
Chelan  and  Stehekin.  She  had  gone  to  the  head 
of  the  lake  without  unusual  incidents,  and  was 
well  down  on  her  return  trip.  She  had  no  pas- 
sengers, and  her  crew  consisted  of  Superintend- 
ent C.  T.  Trow,  of  the  Navigation  Company, 
Captain  Fred  R.  Burch,  and  Engineer  R.  J. 
Watkins.  Her  freight  was  principally  cord 
wood.  Considerable  wind  was'  encountered, 
causing  the  boat  to  roll  and  pitch,  and  when 
about  four  miles  from  Safety  Harbor,  Super- 
intendent Trow,  who  was  at  the  wheel,  felt  the 
boat  suddenly  lurch  to  one  side.  As  she  did  not 
immediately  right  herself  he  rushed  down  to 
the  main  deck  to  ascertain  the  cause.  He  found 
that  the  cargo  of  cordwood  had  shifted  and  that 
the  water  was  pouring  over  the  side  into  the 
hold.     It  was  only  a  matter  of  a  few  minutes — 


perhaps  seconds — until  the  steamer  would  fill 
and  go  to  the  bottom  and  there  were  "no  small 
boats  or  life  preservers  on  board.  Captain 
Burch  had  been  hemmed  in  by  falling  wood 
'and  precious  moments  were  consumed  while 
brave  men  effected  his  release.  Then  Super- 
intendent Trow,  with  rare  presence  of  mind, 
managed  to  regain  the  pilot  house  and  turned 
the  steamer's  head  toward  the  south  shore, 
which  was  barely  gained  when  the  boat  sunk 
in  sixteen  feet  of  water.  The  crew  did  not 
have  time  to  rescue  even  the  mail  sack,  their 
food  or  bedding,  and  they  were  obliged  to  pass 
the  night  on  the  rocks  without  shelter.  The 
upper  works  of  the  steamer  went  bj'  the  board 
at  once,  and  floated  away.  Later  the  Dragon 
was  signalled  and  the  crew  reached  home. 

In  1893  the  largest  boat  at  that  date  ever 
ever  launched  on  the  lake,  the  Stcheki)i,  was 
built  by  Captain  Johnson,  who  a  short  time  af- 
terward associated  with  him  Captain  Watkins. 
The  Stehekin  was  a  very  popular  boat  in  its  day 
and  only  recently  went  out  of  commission  on 
account  of  old  age.  The  next  boat  put  on  was 
the  Szvan.  In  1900  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  the 
finest  and  largest  steamer  which  has  yet  plied 
the  waters  of  Lake  Chelan,  was  built.  The  fol- 
lowing year  the  Flyer,  another  large  boat,  was 
put  into  commission.  The  last  to  be  con- 
structed was  the  Chccliachko  (the  new  arri- 
val) which  made  its  maiden  trip  up  the  lake  in 
1903. 

The  fleet  of  boats  now  navigating  the  lake 
IS  owned  by  the  Lake  Chelan  Navigation  Com- 
pany, of  which  Captain  E.  E.  Shotwell  is  man- 
ager, and  with  which  M.  S.  Berry  and  Benja- 
min F.  Smith  are  also  connected.  At  present 
the  fleet  consists  of  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  the 
Flyer,  the  Szvan,  and  the  Chechahko.  Besides 
these,  and  owned  by  Captain  A.  J.  Dexter,  is 
the  freighting  catamaran.  Dexter,  and  quite  a 
fleet  of  launches. 

At  Lakeside  are  two  school  buildings,  in 
which  are  employed  two  teachers.  One  hun- 
dred scholars  are  enrolled.     The  town  has  an 


728 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


auditorium  affording  a  spacious  and  well  fur- 
nished town  hall.  There  is  one  church  society, 
the  Congregationalist,  which  has  a  handsome 
stone  edifice,  costing  $2,500,  for  a  place  of 
place  of  worship.    This  was  erected  in  1903. 

Charles  Johnson's  addition  to  Lake  Park 
(Lakeside)  was  platted  in  June  12,  1891 ;  a 
second  addition  to  Lakeside  was  platted  by  Mr. 
Johnson  May  i,  1901. 

CHELAN    F.\LLS. 

On  the  west  bank  of  the  Columbia,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Chelan  river,  is  located  the 
town  of  Chelan  Falls.  The  river  is  the  outlet 
of  Lake  Chelan  and  Chelan  Falls  is  about  four 
and  one-half  miles  from  the  town  of  Chelan. 
It  lies  at  the  foot  of  one  of  the  most  valuable 
water  powers  in  the  United  States,  having  a 
.fall  in  three  miles  of  376  feet.  It  has  an  80- 
barrel  flour  mill,  built  about  four  years  ago, 
and  owned  by  the  Chelan  Falls  Milling  & 
Power  Company.  The  capable  manager  for 
this  company  is  O.  F.  Dickson.  Chelan  Falls 
has  one  general  merchandise  store,  of  which 
W.  F.  Cobb  is  proprietor  and  postmaster.  The 
Chelan  Falls  Brewing  Company,  formerly 
Charles  A.  Schlindler  &  Company,  has  a  ca- 
pacious brewing  plant,  located  here.  The 
town  has  a  fine  townsite  and  adjoining  it  are 
500  acres  that  can  be  irrigated  for  not  over 
$8,000;  the  Chelan  Falls  Cable  Ferry  is  the 
main  highway .  between  the  Big  Bend  wheat 
fields  and  the  Lake  Chelan  section.  It  is  under 
the  management  of  George  Bedtelyon.  All 
Columbia  river  steamers  land  here.  At  Dick- 
son's Landing,  just  across  the  Columbia,  are 
five  large  wheat  warehouses  that  handled  about 
350,000  bushels  of  wheat  during  1903.  They 
are  the  Columbia  Grain  Company,  .\.  H.  Mc- 
Arthur  in  charge;  the  Seattle  Grain  Company, 
J.  B.  Fosdick,  manager;  Orondo  Shipping 
Company,  F.  O.  Renn,  manager:  Chelan  Falls 
M.  &  P.  Company.  F.  O.  Renn.  buyer,  and 
Fletcher's   Warehouse,   managed   by   Fletcher 


Brothers.  Marshall  &  Armour  also  have  a  pri- 
vate warehouse  in  Chelan  Falls.  The  elevation 
above  sea  level  of  Chelan  Falls  is  700  feet. 

The  town  came  into  existence  in  1891.  The 
site  was  homesteaded  by  Joseph  Snow,  for- 
merly state  senator  from  Douglas  county,  at 
present  surveyor  of  Spokane  county.  The  town- 
site  was  platted  by  Sarali  J.  Snow,  Febru- 
ary 10,  1 89 1.  L.  McLean  was  the  man  who 
conceived  the  idea  of  building  a  future  metrop- 
olis at  this  point,  and  it  was  through  his  efforts 
that  the  town  was  started.  The  immense  water 
power  provided  by  the  Chelan  river  and  the 
prospect  of  an  early  completion  of  a  railroad 
to  this  point  led  Mr.  McLean  to  believe  that 
one  of  the  leading  cities  of  eastern  Washing- 
ton could  be  located  at  this  point.  He  secured 
control  of  the  townsite  and  formed  a  company 
to  handle  the  property  and  impart  an  impetus 
to  the  enterprise.  Within  a  short  time  $40,000 
or  $50,000  worth  of  town  property  was  dis- 
posed of.  Mr.  McLean  and  his  associates  did 
not  pocket  this  money,  but  expended  the  entire 
amount  in  improvements.  Among  other  things 
which  he  accomplished  was  the  building  of  an 
expensive  wagon  road  from  the  town  of  Chelan. 
Many  buildings  were  erected  by  the  company, 
and  preparations  were  made  for  utilizing  the 
water  power  for  manufactories.  The  original 
business  enterprise  in  the  new  town  was  a 
newspaper.  This  was  installed  by  DeWitt  C. 
Britt,  in  the  summer  of  1891,  under  a  contract 
with  the  McLean  company  to  conduct  it  a  year. 
The  newspaper  was  immediately  followed  by 
a  general  merchandise  store,  by  the  Chelan 
Falls  Mercantile  Company,  of  which  J.  B.  Fos- 
dick, L.  McLean  and  others  were  the  mem- 
bers. Another  store  was  soon  established  by 
Mr.  Davis,  formerly  of  Coulee  City,  and  for  a 
time  affairs  were  quite  lively  in  the  new  town. 

Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  lumber  and  the 
poor  condition  of  the  roads  Chelan  Falls  was 
somewhat  retarded  in  the  early  summer  of 
1 89 1  so  far  concerns  buildings.  The  Leader 
said : 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


729 


For  various  pressing  reasons,  among  them  being  a 
scarcity  of  lumber,  a  lack  of  good  roads  and  a  way  to 
cross  the  river,  Chelan  Falls  has  been  retarded  some- 
what in  its  progress  and  development  during  the  fore- 
part of  the  summer,  but  now  tliat  the  barriers  mentioned 
and  others  have  been  removed  it  is  surprising  to  note 
the  rapidity  with  which  the  town  is  striding  toward  her 
rightful  position  as  the  metropolis  of  central  Washing- 
ton. Already  she  has  a  number  of  residences,  the  best 
newspaper  in  the  Columbia  Valley,  between  Portland 
and  the  British  line,  and  the  finest  hotel  between  Spo- 
kane and  Seattle,  two  and  one-half  stories  high,  41x44 
feet  besides  a  large  kitchen  addition  and  a  bar  annex 
now  rapidly  approaching  completion.  *  *  *  One  year  ago 
last  May  (1890)  a  peach  orchard  was  set  out  where  the 
prosperous  town  of  Chelan  Falls  is  now  located,  and 
many  of  the  trees  have  attained  a  growth  of  four  or  five 
feet  in  height,  with  profuse,  spreading  branches,  and  all 
without  irrigation.  It  seems  too  bad  that  they  should 
be  trampled  down  and  destroyed,  but  the  time  has  come 
when  this  ground  has  become  too  valuable  for  peach 
orchard  purposes,  and  is  in  demand  for  hotel  sites, 
business  houses,  residences  and  manufactories,  and  the 
orchard  must  go. 

The  building  of  a  city  at  this  point  did  not 
materiahze,  however.  The  railroad  did  not 
come  and  the  enterprises  which  were  to  be  es- 
tablished by  the  power  from  the  Chelan  river 
failed  on  account  of  a  lack  of  financial  support 
and  other  reasons.  Mr.  Britt  removed  his  pa- 
per to  Chelan  in  the  summer  of  1892,  Mr.  Mc- 
Lean removed  from  town  about  the  same  period 
and  the  "boom"  was  ofif.  While  Chelan  Falls 
did  not  grow  to  what  was  expected  of  it,  it  still 
remains  a  good  little  town  of  about  one  hun- 
dred inhabitants,  with  several  enterprises,  and 
beyond  question  will  some  day  become  one  of 
the  principal  points  of  the  county. 

The  high  water  of  the  autumn  of  1894  cre- 
ated havoc  among  the  business  houses  of  Che- 
lan Falls,  one  store  building  collapsing  and  an- 
other being  swung  around  into  the  iniddle  of 
the  street,  a  third  undermined  and  two  others 
flooded.  The  blacksmith  shop  was  carried 
away  bodily.  The  Chelan  river,  for  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  above  its  mouth,  changed  its  course, 
cutting  a  new  channel.  The  flood  failed  to 
reach  the  hotel. 


LE.WEN  WORTH. 

On  the  line  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad, 
twenty-three  miles  west  of  Wenatchee,  sur- 
rounded on  every  side  by  the  towering  peaks 
of  the  lofty  Cascades,  is  located  the  picturesque 
little  city  of  Leavenworth.  The  situation  is 
pre-eminently  beautiful.  Immediately  to  the 
west  of  the  town  rise  the  colossal  Cascades, 
with  marked  abruptness,  the  towering  peaks 
of  which  are  covered  the  year  round  with  a  blan- 
ket of  snow.  Arising  more  gently  to  the  north 
and  south  are  spurs  of  the  great  mountain 
range.  To  the  east  extends  the  valley  through 
which  flows  the  Wenatchee  river. 

But  it  is  not  alone  the  picturesqueness  of 
the  location  that  has  caused  a  thriving  little 
city  to  be  built  here  .  Adjacent  to  the  town  is 
excellent  agricultural  land — limited  in  area, 
'tis  true — but  land  which  time  has  proven  can 
produce  as  abundantly  as  anywhere  in  the  state. 
Timothy  and  alfalfa  are  raised  in  abundance, 
and  it  has  been  shown  that  fruit  raised  in  this 
part  of  the  valley  is  on  a  par  with  that  raised 
in  other  portions  of  the  country  around  We- 
natchee. Water  in  abundance  issues  from 
springs  high  up  in  the  Cascade  mountains,  and 
the  people  of  Leavenworth  point  with  pride 
and  justly  so,  to  the  pure,  sparkling  liquid  that 
is  piped  down  for  use  in  the  city.  There  is  an 
abundance  of  timber  on  the  mountains,  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  that  will  provide  fuel  for 
many  years  to  come  and  furnish  the  raw  ma- 
terial for  saw  mills  for  twenty  or  thirty  years. 
Leavenworth  is  the  shipping  point  and  supply 
station  for  the  Blewett  mining  district,  there 
being  an  excellent  wagon  road  between  this 
place  and  the  town  of  Blewett.  Another  and 
perhaps  the  most  important  fa,ctor  in  the 
growth  of  the  town  in  the  past  is  that  Leaven- 
worth is  the  division  point  of  the  Great  North- 
ern railway. 

The  history  of  the  town  of  Leavenworth 
dates  from  the  spring  of  1892.    At  that  period 


72,0 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  graders  on  the  Great  Northern  roadway 
reached  this  point  and  a  httle  town  of  log  struc- 
tures made  its  appearance,  about  a  mile  up  the 
river  from  the  present  site  of  Leavenworth,  and 
was  named  Icicle.  In  March  of  that  year,  a 
few  business  houses  having  been  started,  a 
postoffice  was  established.  The  mail  was 
brought  twice  a  week  by  a  special  carrier,  paid 
by  the  government.  Early  in  June  we  find  that 
the  business  houses  of  Icicle  were  one  general 
store,  two  restaurants,  a  blacksmith  shop  and 
three  saloons.  In  October  the  railroad  reached 
this  point,  and  it  becoming  known  that  the 
company  had  decided  to  make  a  division  point 
here,  a  full-fledged  "boom"  was  in  progress. 
The  Okanogan  Investment  Company,  of  which 
Captain  Leavenworth,  of  Olympia,  J.  P. 
Graves.  Alonzo  M.  Murphy  and  S.  T.  Arthur, 
all  of  Spokane,  were  the  members,  platted  the 
townsite  where  Leavenworth  now  stands.  The 
new  town  was  named  Leavenworth,  in  honor 
of  the  president  of  the  Okanogan  Investment 
Company. 

Previous  to  the  platting  of  the  town  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Company  secured  a 
strip  of  land  one  mile  long,  extending  four 
hundred  feet,  on  each  side  of  the  track,  and  im- 
mediately built  side-tracks  and  made  the  place 
their  division  point.  Preparations  were  also 
begun  for  the  erection  of  a  depot,  round  house 
and  coal  bunkers.  At  this  period  the  townsite 
was  covered  with  trees,  but  within  a  few 
months  the  land  was  cleared  and  a  number  of 
business  and  residence  houses  were  built.  The 
growth  of  Leavenworth  was  rapid  during  the 
winter  of  1892-3.  All  of  the  business  houses 
at  Icicle  were  removed  to  the  new  site  and 
many  outsiders  came  to  engage  in  business. 
People  who  had  formerly  been  in  business  in 
^^'^enatchee  cast  their  lot  in  the  new  town ; 
among  them  were  Messrs.  Wilcox.  Richardson. 
Cox,  Gillis.  Rarey.  White,  Taylor.  Bowman. 
Bradley.  Wadell.  Hoy  and  Kelly.  By  the  f^rst 
of  February,  1893,  a  population  of  seven  hun- 
dred was  claimed.     There  were  some  forty  or 


fifty  business  houses  in  the  new  town,  dealing 
in  dry  goods,  groceries,  boots  and  shoes,  drugs, 
etc.  There  were  many  restaurants,  hotels,  sa- 
loons and  all  of  these  enterprises  did  a  thriv- 
ing business.  Woods  Brothers  erected  a  saw 
mill  and  gave  employment  to  about  seventy-five 
men.  Their  pay-roll  and  that  of  the  railroad 
company  furnished  plenty  of  cash  to  support 
all  of  the  business  houses. 

The  first  addition  to  Leavenworth  was  plat- 
ted April  I.  1893,  by  the  Leavenworth  Real 
Estate  and  Improvement  Company.  Other  ad- 
ditions to  the  town  have  been  since  platted,  as 
follows:  Second  addition.  March  27.  1896, 
by  Michael  Callaghan ;  Ralston  addition,  May 
9.  1898,  by  Mary  Ralston. 

The  first  fire  in  Leavenworth's  history  oc- 
curred in  November,  1894.  A  frame  building 
on  the  "Big  Rock"  corner,  occupied  jointly  by 
William  James,  with  a  barber  shop,  and  T.  C. 
Owens,  jeweler,  was  burned.  The  loss  was 
small  and  there  was  no  insurance.  Thanks- 
giving day,  1896,  Leavenworth  was  visited  by 
a  very  disastrous  conflagration,  and  it  almost 
effected  the  annihilation  of  the  town  and  some 
of  its  people.  Seven  buildings  were  con- 
sumed, all  occupied,  and  there  was  not  one  dol- 
lar of  insurance  on  buildings  or  contents.  The 
fated  structures  were  located  in  the  same  block 
in  which  the  fire  of  1894  ocurred.  John 
Bjork"s  Overland  Hotel.  Bisbee  &  Donohoe's 
saloon.  Posey's  barber  shop.  Severton's  sa- 
loon. Mrs.  H.  A.  Anderson's  restaurant.  J.  M. 
Duffy's  saloon  and  a  dwelling  occupied  by  Mr. 
Belvel  were  burned  out.  John  Bjork  was  one 
of  the  heaviest  losers  by  the  fire,  which  origi- 
nated in  his  hotel,  and  he  saved  nothing  and 
carried  no  insurance.  His  loss  alone  was  nearly 
$10,000  on  building  and  furniture.  None  of 
the  property  destroyed  was  insured.  With  one 
exception,  however,  all  managed  to  rebuild 
and  resume  business.  The  total  loss  by  this 
fire  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  $25.- 
000  to  $30,000. 

Sunday  afternoon,  December  28,  1902.  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


72>^ 


town  was  again  visited  by  fire.  The  sufferers  by 
this  disaster  were  G.  C.  Merriam,  dealer  in 
general  merchandise,  whose  loss  on  stock  and 
building  was  over  $20,000,  with  no  insurance. 
The  loss  of  Mrs.  Beamish,  milliner,  was 
small.  J.  \V.  Poag,  who  conducted  a  restau- 
rant and  confectionery,  lost  on  stock  and  fix- 
tures $600  with  no  insurance.  Dr.  Hoxsey's 
loss  on  library  and  instruments  was  about  $300 
with  no  insurence.  G.  C.  Christensen  owned 
the  building  in  which  was  the  millinery  store 
and  carried  no  insurence. 

The  improvements  for  1903  in  Leaven- 
worth are  as  follows :  In  the  early  spring  the 
Lamb-Davis  Lumber  Company  incorporated 
with  a  paid-up  capital  of  $250,000,  their  prin- 
cipal place  of  business  being  here.  They  pur- 
chased all  of  the  vacant  lots  of  the  original 
townsite  company;  bought  about  thirty  acres 
of  land  of  Miss  Mary  Ralston,  bought  the 
William  Douglas  homestead,  and  forty  acres 
of  John  Holden  for  a  mill  site,  and  proceeded 
to  erect  a  saw  mill  of  150,000  feet  capacity. 
They  built  a  large  boarding  house  to  accommo- 
date their  employees,  and  placed  it  in  charge  of 
Mrs.  George  Hood,  also  a  fine  hospital,  under 
superintendency  of  Dr.  William  McCoy.  They 
purchased  the  city  water  works  of  Barron  & 
Spencer  and  constructed  a  flume  two  miles  up 
.the  Wenatchee  river.  The  water  works  are  in- 
corporated, as  is  also  the  electric  light  plant. 
The  Lamb-Davis  Lumber  Company  incorpor- 
ated the  Tumwater  Savings  Bank,  with  a 
paid-up  capital  of  $25,000.  and  are  now  con- 
dusting  a  general  banking  business.  The 
Leavenworth  ^Mercantile  Company  erected  a 
brick  store  building  35x100  feet  in  size,  which 
is  handsomely  finished  and  stocked.  Adams 
&  Burke  erected  a  brick  building  30x70  feet, 
put  in  billiard  and  pool  tables  and  a  fine  bar. 
Carl  Christensen  ran  up  a  two-story  frame 
building  22x50  feet,  the  lower  story  of  which 
is  occupied  by  the  postoflice  and  jewelry  store 
of  F.  S.  Taylor  &  Company,  and  the  confec- 
tionerv  store  of  Miss  Anna  Tholin.  There  have. 


during  this  year,  been  about  fifty  buildings 
erected,  costing  from  three  or  four  to  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  each. 

Sunday,  January  24,  1904,  fire  destroyed 
six  buildings  in  Leavenworth,  and,  fanned  by 
a  strong  gale,  for  a  time  threatened  the  entire 
town.  The  total  loss  was  $25,000,  with  in- 
surance of  $14,000.  £«  masse  the  town  turned 
out  to  fight  the  flames  and  only  by  vigorous 
work  was  the  fire  prevented  from  destroying 
a  wider  territory.  The  Great  Northern  Rail- 
way employees  were  called  upon  to  save  the 
depot  property.  The  snow,  which  was  two  feet 
deep  on  the  roofs  of  buildings  proved  an  ef- 
ficient ally  in  fighting  this  fire.  Flames  broke 
out  about  5  o'clock  a,  m.,  in  the  ball  room 
owned  by  Adams  &  Burke,  which  was  a 
wooden  structure.  The  strong  wind  sent  the 
flames  rapidly  to  the  store  owned  by  Plish  & 
Bliss,  one  of  the  leading  firms  in  the  town. 
This  was  well  fitted  up,  carrying  all  kinds  of 
dry  goods  and  groceries.  The  fire  next  at- 
tacked the  new  meat  market,  conducted  by  L. 
W.  Bloom,  which  had  been  opened  for  busi- 
ness about  three  weeks.  Mr.  Bloom  saved 
nearly  all  of  his  fixtures.  He  did  not  own  the 
building.  The  Overland  Hotel  was  the  next 
building  burned,  owned  by  John  Bjork,  and 
leased  to  J.  W.  Elliott.  The  American  House, 
a  restaurant  and  lodging  house  combined,  was 
next  destroyed.  This  was  an  old  wooden 
structure  owned  by  Capell  Brothers.  The  sa- 
loon owned  by  Walker  &  Company,  a  new 
building,  recently  completed,  and  valued  at  $2,- 
000,  was  the  last  to  burn.  The  meat  market 
was  a  total  loss,  but  Mr.  Bloom  carried  $300 
insurance.  Adams  &  Burke's  hall  was  also 
a  total  loss,  there  being  $600  insurance.  Plish 
&  Bliss  were  the  heaviest  losers,  their  building 
being  a  total  loss,  and  most  of  the  stock  de- 
stroyed. An  entire  carload  of  goods,  just  re- 
ceived, and  stored  in  the  basement  of  the  Amer- 
ican Hotel,  was  a  total  loss.  Plish  &  Bliss 
carried  about  $3,000  insurance.  The  origin 
of  this  fire  is  not  known.     Several  firms  whose 


72>- 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


places  of  business  were  not  reached  by  the 
flames  lost  heavily  at  the  hands  of  thieves  after 
their  stock  had  been  removed  to  the  street. 
With  characteristic  western  spirit  the  work  of 
rebuilding  was  begun  early,  and  at  this  writing 
is  being  rapidly  pushed. 

At  present  Leavenworth  is  a  town  of  about 
500  population.  The  fraternal  organizations 
are  the  Foresters  of  America,  Independent 
Order  of  Good  Templars,  Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen,  and  Degree  of  Honor.  The 
Locomotive  Firemen  have  also  an  organiza- 
tion. The  churches  represented  are  the  Con- 
gregational and  Catholic. 


Located  on  the  Wenatchee  river,  eleven 
miles  northwest  of  Wenatchee,  on  the  line  of 
the  Great  Northern  railroad,  is  the  little  town 
of  Mission,  containing  a  population  of  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty.  The  village  is  situated 
in  what  is  known  as  Mission  Valley,  one  of 
the  choicest  fruit  producing  sections  in  the 
world.  Not  only  is  this  vicinity  noted  for  fruit 
raising,  but  diversified  farming  is  carried  on 
extensively,  and  jMission  is  the  shipping  point 
for  all  these  products. 

So  early  as  1863  Father  Respari,  a  Catholic 
missionary,  came  to  this  vicinity,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  civilizing  the  Indians.  For  twenty  years 
he  labored  among  them  and  was  then  suc- 
ceeded by  Father  Grassi.  The  latter  built  a  log 
church  on  the  bank  of  the  river  one-fourth  of 
a  mile  from  the  present  town  of  Mission.  It 
w^as  not  until  1880  or  1881  that  the  first  per- 
manent settler  came  to  the  country  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Mission.  At  that  period  A.  B.  Bren- 
der  came  to  the  country  and  squatted  on  a 
ranch  four  miles  from  the  present  town.  He 
was  followed  the  succeeding  year  by  William 
Burzwart,  and  shortly  after  that  came  Casper 
Bowers,  both  of  whom  selected  land  close  to 
the  ranch  of  Mr.  Brender.  In  the  spring  of 
1888  quite  a  settlement  of  ranchers  had  come 


to  the  vicinity,  and  George  Kline  brought  in  a 
small  stock  of  goods  and  opened  a  modest  lit- 
tle store,  the  first  business  house  in  Mission. 
These  settlers  succeeded  in  getting  a  postofifice 
established  and  Mr.  Kline  was  appointed  post- 
master. The  following  year  O.  J.  Steward 
came  to  ]\Iission  and  with  him  came  a  large 
stock  of  general  merchandise,  and  he,  also, 
opened  up  for  business.  Mr.  Kline  retired  and 
Mr.  Steward  became  postmaster.  Until  1891 
the  latter's  was  the  only  business  house  in  Mis- 
sion. Then  Ira  Freer  opened  up  the  second 
store.  He  continued  in  business  two  years  and 
then  sold  out  to  John  Kuelbs. 

When  it  became  known  that  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  was  to  pass  through  Mis- 
sion a  townsite  was  platted  by  John  F.  Wood- 
ring  and  I.  W.  Sherman.  This  took  place  July 
27,  1892.  Since  then  additions  have  been  plat- 
ted as  follows :  Woodring's  plat,  September 
19,  1892,  by  John  F.  Woodring;  Steward's 
plat,  April  3,  1893.  by  Oliver  J.  Steward; 
Prowell's  plat,  September  30,  1901,  by  W.  W. 
Curtiss:  Nob  Hill  plat.  April  9,  1902,  by  Wal- 
ter M.  Olive;  Capital  Hill  plat,  June,  1902,  by 
Dennis  Strong;  West  Mission,  July  9,  1902,  by 
M.  O.  Tibbets;  First  addition,  March  3,  1903, 
by  C.  D.  Halferty  and  others. 

The  building  of  the  railroad  in  the  fall  of 
1892  did  not  have  the  effect  of  creating  a 
"boom"  in  Mission  such  as  has  been  experi- 
enced in  many  other  towns,  in  fact  it  was  not 
until  several  years  later  that  the  railroad  com- 
pany accorded  Mission  a  depot.  July  30,  1900, 
the  company  placed  an  agent  and  operator  in 
the  town. 

Of  the  first  church  in  Mission  the  We- 
natchee Advance,  of  date  August  5.  1893.  says : 

"Last  Sunday,  July  30,  was  a  day  long  to 
be  remembered  by  the  people  of  Mission.  Some 
months  ago  a  congregation  was  organized  by 
Dr.  Gunn,  the  synodical  missionary  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  Soon  after  the  organiza- 
tion was  made  articles  of  incorporation  were 
registered  and  steps  taken  for  the  erection  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


733 


a  church  edifice.  The  work  was  entered  upon 
with  such  earnestness  and  hearty  cheer  that 
the  result  is  the  erection  of  a  very  neat  and 
commodious  church,  which  was  taken  posses- 
sion of  Sunday,  and  dedicated." 

Following  are  the  business  enterprises  of 
Mission  in  January,  1904:  Walter  M.  Olive, 
hardware  store,  carrying  over  $6,000  worth  of 
stock ;  Ira  Freer,  general  merchandise,  carrying 
over  $16,000  worth  of  stock;  N.  Wilcox,  gen- 
eral merchandise,  $3,000  stock;  M.  M.  Sto- 
well  carries  about  $5,000  worth  of  dry  goods 
and  groceries;  T.  Spiller  &  Company,  general 
merchandise;  John  Shurle,  blacksmith;  two 
restaurants  conducted  by  Mr.  McCormick  and 
Mr.  Weymouth ;  meat  market  by  John  Kuelbs ; 
Dr.  Thomas  Musgrove,  resident  physician, 
proprietor  of  a  first-class  drug  store;  Walter 
Torrence,  barber;  excellent  hotel,  conducted 
by  Mr.  Weymouth,  and  owned  by  Mrs.  Blagg. 
It  is  known  as  the  Eastern  Washington. 

Perhaps  the  best  evidence  of  Mission's 
growth  and  prosperity  is  witnessed  in  her 
schools.  Four  years  ago  the  school  comprised 
one  room,  in  which  were  gathered  twenty- 
seven  pupils,  with  three  or  four  months'  term. 
Today  there  is  a  handsome  building  supplied 
with  modern  improvements,  costing  over  $6,- 
000.  The  schools  are  in  charge  of  J.  L.  Camp- 
bell, ably  assisted  by  C.  A.  Thomas,  Miss  Myr- 
tle Earl  and  Miss  Myrtle  Benson.  One  hun- 
dred and  forty  pupils  are  enrolled.  In  the  high 
school  there  is  a  graded  course  comprising  the 
ninth,  tenth  and  eleventh  grades.  A  practical 
and  energetic  school  board,  consisting  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Musgrove,  E.  E.  Stowell  and  Louis 
Titchenal,  has  the  interests  of  this  institution 
at  heart,  with  but  one  object  in  view,  to  give 
jNIission  the  best  possible  educational  advant- 
ages. 

Five  years  ago  Mission  was  an  unimport- 
ant flag  station,  with  no  agent.  Walter  M. 
Olive  acted  as  express  agent.  Better  railroad 
accommodation  was  demanded,  owing  to  the 
wonderful  growth  of  the  valley.     A  depot  was 


erected  and  an  agent  installed.  Today  to  one 
unacquainted  with  the  volume  of  business  done 
at  Mission  the  following  figures  will  appear  in- 
credible :  The  receipts  for  freight  received  at 
the  station  from  July,  1902,  to  July,  1903,  were 
$15,992.47;  the  sum  paid  for  freight  exported 
amounted  to  $3,085.50;  express,  $4,500; 
tickets  sold,  $5,194.15 ;  making  a  total  of  $28,- 
•/■J2.12.  The  increase  of  business  in  1903  over 
1902  was  nearly  $10,000.  During  the  past  year 
the  railroad  company  has  made  extensive  im- 
provements, making  Mission  not  only  a  very 
comfortable  station,  but  convenient  as  well. 
Two  agents  are  employed  to  look  after  the  in- 
terests of  the  railway  company. 

Three  well  stocked  lumber  yards  provide 
everything  necessary  for  building  purposes. 
Mr.  Hartley  carries  a  full  stock,  as  does  Wal- 
ter M.  Olive.  Mr.  Halferty  came  to  Mission 
over  a  year  ago  and  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
timber  at  the  "Camar."  He  installed  a  first- 
class  mill  and  cut  his  lumber  at  the  forest,  haul- 
ing the  marketable  lumber  to  Mission,  where  he 
has  a  large  yard. 

The  fraternal  societies  are  represented  by 
the  G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  94;  Relief  Corps,  No. 
57;  Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  McChesney 
Tent  No.  85 ;  Ladies  of  the  Maccabees,  Mission 
Valley  Hive  No.  43;  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Mission 
Lodge  No.  43 ;  Degree  of  Honor,  No.  60, 
Eden  Lodge;  M.  W.  A.,  Mission  Camp  No. 
5856;  R.  N.  A.,  Cascade  Camp  No.  2479;  I- 
O.  O.  F.,  Mission  Lodge  No.  208. 

CASCADE   TUNNEL. 

For  several  years  there  was  a  town  in  what 
is  now  Chelan  county,  known  by  the  various 
names  of  Cascade  Tunnel,  Tunnel  City  and 
Tunnel.  It  came  into  existence  in  the  autumn 
of  1897,  and  was  located  at  the  eastern  en- 
trance of  the  famous  Great  Northern  tunnel 
through  the  Cascade  range.  Work  was  begun 
on  this  tunnel  in  1897,  and  for  over  three  years 
several  hundred  laborers  were  employed  in  the 


734 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


enterprise  of  piercing  this  lofty  range  of  moun- 
tains. It  was  but  a  natural  sequence  that  a 
town  should  not  be  long  in  making  its  appear- 
ance. Several  merchants  from  Leavenworth 
moved  their  stocks  to  this  point,  others  came 
in,  and  there  was  soon  here  a  flourishing 
"camp."  In  the  fall  of  1897  a  postoffice  was 
established. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  town  were  com- 
posed of  people  from  every  part  of  the  world 
and  of  every  class;  "all  sorts  and  conditions 
of  men."  Cascade  Tunnel  was  not  what  would 
aptly  be  termed  a  "Sunday  school  town."  In 
fact  Cascade  Tunnel  at  one  period  secured  a 
world-wide  reputation  as  "the  wickedest  place 
in  the  world,"  owing  to  an  article  published  in 
the  Xezi.'  York  World,  and  extensively  copied. 
In  June,  1900,  Air.  Frank  Reeves,  then  of  Cas- 
cade Tunnel,  refuted  the  charge  as  follows : 

"Aly  attention  has  been  called  to  a  publi- 
cation of  some  weeks  ago  by  the  At-:..'  York 
World  of  an  article  on  Cascade  Tunnel  under 
the  sensational  caption,  'The  Wickedest  Place 
in  the  World."  I  understand  that  this  article  has 
been  copied  and  embellished  in  a  number  of 
foreign  journals,  including  the  London 
Graphic.  I  see  nothing  in  the  article  calling 
for  special  comment  more  loudly  than  the  man- 
ifest stupidity  of  the  writer,  who  stands  con- 
victed of  being  a  novice  in  his  profession  by 
his  own  writing,  and  of  wilfully  disseminat- 
ing falsehoods  without  provocation,  reason  or 
justification. 

"Let  it  be  understood  in  the  beginning  that 
I  am  not  sponsor  for  the  good  behavior  of  Cas- 
cade Tunnel,  nor  do  I  endeavor  to  place  it  in 
the  immaculate  category.  But  Cascade  Tun- 
nel is  in  Chelan  county,  and  bad  though  it  may 
be,  I  do  not  acquiesce  in  its  unwarranted  slan- 
der, and  have  taken  it  upon  myself  to  refute 
some  of  the  World's  correspondent's  nefarious 
assertions,  because  no  one  else  seems  to  have 
considered  the  matter  of  sufificient  importance 
to  do  so.  Some  of  the  statements  made  in  the 
article  are,  in  the  abstract,  practically  true,  but 


in  comparison  they  are  falsely  ludicrous  as  a 
grease  spot  is  insignificant  when  placed  in 
comparison  with  Romeo.  Cascade  Tunnel  is, 
indeed,  a  wicked  place,  because  conditions  are 
favorable  to  the  exposure  of  the  rough  side  of 
life — and  men  and  women  are  the  same  the 
world  over — some  are  good,  some  are  bad, 
others  indifferent,  none  is  absolutely  spotless, 
and  none  is  entirely  devoid  of  good.  But  how 
silly  the  assertion  that  Cascade  Tunnel  is  the 
wickedest  place  on  earth!  Let  me  say  that  an 
intelligent  person  starting  out  on  an  honest 
tour  of  investigation  can  go  into  any  of  the 
leading  cities  of  the  nation  and  there  find  vice 
that  will  shock  the  modesty  of  the  most  de- 
praved individual  who  ever  made  a  track  in 
Cascade  Tunnel. 

"During  the  construction  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway  Wenatchee  and  Icicle  were 
to  Cascade  Tunnel  as  a  literal  hell  is  to  a  small 
edition  of  purgatory,  and  even  today  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  state  of  Washington  is  so  much 
tougher  than  Cascade  Tunnel  that  the  tough- 
est of  the  Cascade  toughs  are  but  mere  infants 
when  they  get  down  on  a  tough  street  in  Se- 
attle, a  city  of  churches,  refinement  and  edu- 
cation, full  of  blue-coated  policemen  and  guar- 
dians of  public  morals.  How,  then,  does  the 
arrestion  of  'the  wickedest  place  in  the  world' 
sound  as  applied  to  Cascade  Tunnel,  where 
but  one  deputy  sheriff  is  required  to  conserve 
the  peace,  and  where  five  hundred  laborers  are 
employed?  Any  place,  town.  city,  county  or 
nation  is  what  the  people  make  it,  and  while 
Cascade  Tunnel  has  not  that  evidence  of  per- 
manency t'^at  attracts  the  substantial  class,  it 
must  not  pass  for  truth  that  none  but  rene- 
gades are  located  there.  A  number  of  the  best 
families  of  the  state  reside  there,  and  they  have 
a  school  district  organized  where  their  children 
are  being  educated  with  the  same  degree  of 
skill  and  diligence  employed  in  other  civilized 
communities.  There  are  both  men  and  women 
living  in  Cascade  Tunnel  capable  of  ornament- 
ing and  dignifying  society  of  the  best   class. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


735 


and  for  the  most  part  the  laborers  there  are  in- 
dustrious, manly,  courageous  fellows  who  at- 
tend strictly  to  their  own  business.  There  are, 
of  course,  many  exceptions,  but  the  rule  is  as 
stated. 

"I  have  been  on  the  frontier  in  Washing- 
ton and  Idaho  for  the  last  ten  years  and  have 
never  yet  been  in  a  mining  or  railroad  camp 
that  has  been  handled  as  well  and  at  as  little 
expense  as  Cascade  Tumiel,  nor  where  actual 
lawlessness  was  less  prevalent." 

Saturday,  June  23,  1900,  every  building 
in  the  business  portion  of  Tunnel  City  was 
swept  by  fire,  and  but  few  goods  were  saved 
from  the  saloons  and  stores.  There  was  no  in- 
surance and  the  loss  was  total.  All  of  the  build- 
ings were  frame  structures,  and  the  flames 
spread  rapidly  in  all  directions.  C.  O.  Dono- 
son  lest  between  $6,000  and  $7,000,  with  no  in- 
surance, and  Charles  Scherinewski,  proprietor 
of  a  restaurant,  lost  in  addition  to  his  building 
and  business,  cash  to  the  amount  of  $800.  Rob- 
ert Dye  was  asleep  in  his  barber  shop  and  was 
awakened  by  the  roar  of  flames.  He  escaped 
with  his  life,  a  Winchester  rifle  and  a  fish-pole, 
leaving  behind  his  vest  containing  $400  in 
greenbacks.  Frank  Dorn,  proprietor  of  two 
merchandise  stores,  saved  some  of  his  stock, 
but  his  loss  was  between  $3,000  and  $4,000. 

With  the  completion  of  the  Cascade  Tunnel 
the  town  rapidly  deteriorated.  The  reason  for 
its  existence  had  passed  into  history. 


Twenty  miles  north  of  Wenatchee,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Entiat  and  Columbia  rivers, 
is  the  town  of  Entiat.  The  Entiat  valley  was 
settled  in  the  early  90's.  Elder  T.  J.  Cannon 
was  among  the  first  pioneers  in  the  valley,  and 
he  was  the  first  to  erect  a  saw  mill,  utilizing 
the  water-power  furnished  by  the  Entiat  river, 
near  its  mouth.  Many  settlers  were  in  the  val- 
ley ]3revious  to  the  establishment  of  the  town 
of  Entiat.  and  before  a  postoffice  was  secured. 


The  principal  industries  in  this  vicinity  are 
lumbering  and  mining.  There  is  a  sawmill 
and  stamp  mill  at  Entiat.  The  town  is  con- 
nected by  long  distance  telephone  and  receives 
a  daily  mail  by  boats  that  ply  the  Columbia 
river.  Presbyterian  and  Campbellite  churches 
are  maintained,  and  there  is  a  good  public 
school. 

BLEWETT. 

This  is  a  mining  camp  situated  about  eight- 
een miles  south  of  Leavenworth,  with  which 
place  it  is  connected  by  a  stage  road  built  in 
1898.  Blewett  has  a  population  of  about  forty 
people,  nearly  all  of  whom  are  engaged  in  min- 
ing. 

So  far  as  the  records  show  the  first  quartz 
ledge  to  be  discovered  in  the  state  of  Washing- 
ton was  the  Culver,  on  Peshastin  creek,  where 
stands  the  town  of  Blewett.  This  was  located 
in  the  early  6o's,  when  the  tide  of  miners  were 
returning  from  the  Cariboo  district  in  British 
Columbia.  Since  that  period  the  mines  in  the 
vicinity  have  been  worked  and  several  milloins 
in  gold  taken  out.  The  settlement  of  Blewett  is 
die  oldest  in  Chelan  county. 

OTHER  PLACES. 

Five  miles  east  of  Leavenworth,  on  the 
Great  Northern  railroad,  is  Peshastin  postofifice 
and  flag  station.  Here  are  one  store  and  two 
saw  mills.  Peshastin  budded  in  1892,  when 
the  railroad  reached  this  point,  and  during  that 
summer  boasted  of  two  grocery  stores,  one  dry 
goods  store,  five  saloons,  four  restaurants,  two 
bakeries,  two  hotels,  two  feed  stables,  one  black- 
smith shop  and  a  saw  mill.  With  the  location 
of  the  railroad  division  at  Leavenworth  and  the 
subsequent  growth  of  that  town  Peshastin,  as 
a  business  center,  became  a  thing  of  tlie  past. 

Chiwaukum  is  a  postoffice  on  the 
Great  Northern  railroad,  thirty-three  miles 
northwest  of  Wenatchee.    It  is  in  a  mining  and 


736 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


lumbering  district  and  here  are  located  a  saw 
mill,  store  and  hotel.  One  of  the  largest  state 
fish  hatcheries  in  Washington  is  at  this  place. 

Monitor  is  a  flag-station  and  recently  es- 
tablished postoffice  on  the  Great  Northern  rail- 
way, eight  miles  northwest  of  Wenatchee.  It 
is  in  the  center  of  a  fine  fruit  and  farming  coun- 
try.   There  is  one  store  at  jMonitor. 

Malaga  is  a  flag-station  and  postoffice, 
seven  miles  southeast  of  Wenatchee,  on  the 
Great  Northern  railroad.  May  19,  1903,  a 
townsite  was  platted  here  by  Kirk  Whited,  of 
Wenatchee. 

Merritt,  forty-two  miles  northwest  of  We- 
natchee, and  eleven  miles  west  of  Chiwaukum, 
near  the  mouth  of  Cascade  Tunnel,  is  a  post- 
office  and  flag-station  on  the  Great  Northern 
railway. 

At  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan,  where  the 
Stehekin  river  joins  the  lake,  is  Stehekin  post- 


office.  It  was  established  in  1892  and  M.  E. 
Field,  Chelan  county's  representative  in  the 
Washington  legislature,  was  made  postmaster, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  There  is  no  settle- 
ment at  Stehekin,  the  only  business  enterprise 
at  this  point  being  Field's  Hotel.  During  the 
summer  several  hundred  tourists  visit  Stehe- 
kin, to  pass  their  vacation.  Steamers  make 
daily  trips  from  Lakeside  during  the  summer 
and  twice  a  week  throughout  the  winter  months. 

Another  summer  resort  and  postoffice  near 
the  head  of  the  lake  is  Moore's,  about  eight 
miles  below  Stehekin,  and  on  the  north  shore 
of  the  lake.  Moore  postoffice  was  established 
in  1892,  and  Colonel  J.  Robert  Aloore,  pro- 
prietor of  the  hotel  located  here,  has  since  held 
the  position  of  postmaster.  Moore's,  like  Ste- 
hekin, is  a  popular  summer  resort. 

Lucerne  is  a  postoffice  on  the  south  shore  of 
Lake  Chelan,  a  short  distance  below  Moore's. 


CHAPTER    V. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


August  6,  1884,  the  commissioners  of  Kit- 
titas county  formed  a  school  district,  which  is 
described  in  their  proceedings  as  "lying  along 
the  Wenatchee  river."  In  this  district,  with 
indefinite  bounds,  was  soon  after  established  a 
school,  which  was  the  beginning  of  the  educa- 
tional history  of  Chelan  county,  the  southern 
portion  of  which  was  subsequently  set  off  from 
Kittitas  county.  Data  concerning  this  initial 
school  is  meager,  but  of  the  opening  of  the  first 
school  in  the  Lake  Chelan  district,  which  oc- 
curred a  few  years  later,  a  more  extended  ac- 
count is  obtainable. 

The   Lake   Chelan   country   was   then   in- 


cluded in  Okanogan  county.  In  1889  a  school 
district  was  formed  here,  being  District  No.  5. 
The  first  school  meeting  in  the  new  district  was 
held  July  31,  of  that  year,  and  Captain 
Charles  Johnson,  B.  Lovelace  and  C.  Robin- 
son were  elected  a  toard  of  directors,  and  L.  H. 
Woodin,  clerk.  Mrs.  Charles  Johnson  was  em- 
ployed as  teacher,  but  taught  only  about  two 
weeks.  The  teachers  succeeding  Mrs.  John- 
son were  Miss  Etta  Burch,  Miss  Ida  Malott, 
Frank  Samson,  Miss  Lizzie  Cavanaugh  and 
R.  H.  Porter.  For  several  years  there  was  but 
one  department  in  the  school,  and  the  first  ses- 
sion was  held  in  the  building  adjacent  to  Woo- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Ii7 


din  &  Nichols's  store;  later  Gymnasium  Hall 
was  converted  into  a  school  room.  In  1892  a 
new  school  building  was  erected  in  Chelan  at 
a  cost  of  $2,500.  It  contained  two  large  reci- 
tation rooms,  aside  from  a  spacious  vestibule 
and  cloak  room  below,  and  a  commodious  au- 
ditorium above.  When  the  new  school  house 
was  occupied  a  primary  department  was  added. 
At  the  organization  of  Chelan  county,  in 
January,  1900,  John  D.  Atkinson,  now  Wash- 
ington's state  auditor,  was  made  county  super- 
intendent of  schools  and  at  once  entered  upon 
his  duties.  In  the  county  election  of  1900 
John  E.  Porter  was  chosen  superintendent  of 
schools  and  has  since  held  that  position.  The 
wonderful  increase  in  Chelan  county's  popula- 
tion during  the  past  few  years  has  brought 
about  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  number  of 
public  schools.  From  the  county  superintend- 
ent's report  at  the  close  of  the  school  year  for 
1903  we  learn  that  there  are  in  the  county 
2,130  children  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
twenty-one  years.  There  are  1,783  enrolled  in 
the  public  schools  and  an  average  daily  attend- 
ance of  1,110.  The  average  number  of  months 
school  was  taught  during  the  year  was  5.8. 
There  are  thirty-eight  school  districts  in  the 
county  and  fifty-nine  teachers  were  employed  to 
conduct  the  schools  during  the  year.  The  aver- 
age monthly  salary  paid  male  teachers  was  $55 
and  $44.23  to  female  teachers.  There  are  in 
the  county  thirty-six  school  houses,  of  which 
two  are  log  structures,  thirty-three  frame  and 
one  brick  building.  The  total  seating  capacity 
of  these  school  houses  is  1,584,  and  the  total 
value  of  all  school  property  in  the  county  is 

$43-377- 

During  the  year  1903,  three  hundred  and 
fifty-one  scholars  were  enrolled  in  the  first 
year's  course  of  study,  236  in  the  second,  249 
in  the  third,  282  in  the  fourth,  212  in  the  fifth, 
177  in  the  sixth,  114  in  the  seventh,  114  in  the 
eighth,  35  in  the  ninth,  and  13  in  the  tenth. 
Forty-one  pupils  graduated  from  the  common 
school  course  during  the  year.     One  teacher  in 


Chelan  county  held  a  state  certificate,  four 
held  certificates  from  the  elementary  course  o£ 
a  state  normal  school,  two  from  the  advanced- 
course  of  study  at  a  state  normal  school,  twelve 
held  first  grade  county  certificates,  twenty 
second-grade  and  eight  third-grade.  In  Chelan 
county  are  six  graded  schools — at  Wenatchee, 
Chelan,  Leavenworth,  Mission,  Lakeside  and 
"Wenatchee  North  End."  There  are  four 
high  schools  in  the  county — a  three-years' 
course  at  Wenatchee  and  two  years'  courses  at 
Leavenworth,  Chelan  and  Mission.  There  is 
a  teachers'  association  in  the  county  which 
meets  four  times  a  year,  and  also  a  summer 
training  school. 

Concerning  the  growth  of  the  public  schools 
during  the  past  few  years  County  Superin- 
tendent John  E.  Porter,  writing  in  January, 
1904,  said: 

"The  growth  and  improvement  of  our 
schools  is  keeping  pace  with  the  increase  in 
population.  Four  years  ago  four  teachers 
taught  all  the  children  in  the  valley  around 
Wenatchee.  Now  eighteen  teachers  are  re- 
quired to  do  the  work.  Tn  this  time  the  Wenat- 
chee school  has  grown  from  three  teachers  to 
thirteen.  Three  years  ago  there  were  hardly 
enough  pupils  at  North  End  for  one  teacher. 
Now  three  rooms  are  very  much  crowded,  and 
a  two-room  school  has  sprung  up  just  across 
the  Wenatchee  river. 

"There  has  been  great  growth  in  the 
schools  in  other  parts  of  the  county  as  well. 
Mission  has  increased  from  one  to  four  teach- 
ers; Leavenworth  from  two  to  four;  Chelan 
from  three  to  five  and  Lakeside  from  one  to 
two.  New  buildings  have  been  constructed 
during  the  year  at  Wenatchee,  ]\Iission,  Pine 
Flat,  the  Highland  district,  near  Chelan,  and 
Birch  Flat.  Wenatchee  and  Birch  Flat  have 
each  put  in  modern  heating  plants,  thus  aban- 
doning the  old  stoves.  This  is  an  improvement 
greatly  to  be  commended.  The  heater  is 
cheaper  to  operate  than  stoves,  makes  the  heat 
more  even,  and  furnishes  good  ventilation. 


738 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


"As  the  schools  grow,  more  attention  is 
given  to  high  schools.  There  are  about  sixty 
pupils  in  the  Wenatchee  high  school.  Three 
years'  work  is  done,  requiring  the  services  of 
three  teachers.  Doubtless  the  fourth  year's 
work  will  be  added  next  year,  placing  the 
Wenatchee  high  school  on  a  par  with  any  in 
the  state,  and  enabling  pupils  to  prepare  them- 
selves fully  for  admission  to  the  freshman  class 


at  the  university.  Mission,  Chelan  and  Leav- 
enworth each  has  a  two-year  high  school,  and 
each  is  doing  good  work.  Teachers'  salaries 
have  increased  and  the  standard  required  for 
certificates  has  been  raised.  These  are  moves 
in  the  right  direction.  We  want  well  qualified 
teachers,  and  are  willing  to  pay  them  good 
wages." 


CHAPTER    VI. 


POLITICAL. 


The  county  commissioners  named  in  the 
bill  creating  Chelan  county  were  Dennis  Strong 
of  Mission,  Spencer  Boyd,  of  Chelan,  and  G. 
Hoxsey.  Mr.  Hoxsey  declining  to  qualify  for 
the  office,  the  other  two  commissioners  apjioint- 
ed,  as  county  officials,  H.  A.  Graham,  Chelan, 
treasurer ;  F.  F.  Keller,  Stehekin,  sheriff ;  L.  V. 
Wells,  Wenatchee,  clerk  of  court ;  C.  J.  Trow, 
Chelan,  auditor;  Alexander  Pitcher,  assessor; 
John  D.  Atkinson,  superintendent  of  schools; 
Dr.  A.  A.  Tozer,  Leavenworth,  coroner,  and 
James  H.  Chase,  prosecuting  attorney. 

The  first  county  convention  in  the  new  po- 
litical division  of  the  state  was  held  by  the  Re- 
publican party  at  Leavenworth,  Saturday,  Au- 
gust II,  1900.  J.  D.  Atkinson  was  named  as 
chairman  and  A.  A.  Anderson,  secretary.  Au- 
gust 25,  the  Democratic  county  convention  was 
held  at  Wenatchee.  This  assembly  developed 
a  strong  sentiment  in  favor  of  fusion  with  the 
members  of  the  People's  Party,  and  fusion  was 
finally  effected.     C.   C.   Campbell,  of  Chelan, 


presided  as  chairman  and  John  Godfrey,  of 
Wenatchee,  was  named  as  secretary.  A  full 
ticket  was  nominated.  At  the  general  election 
of  that  year,  held  November  6,  the  Republican 
presidential  electors  received  in  Chelan  county 
566,  the  Democratic  electors  574,  votes.  The 
vote  for  other  officers  was  as  follows: 

Congress. — Cushman.  Republican,  559; 
Jones,  Republican,  563;  Robertson,  Democrat, 
564;  Ronald,  Democrat,  576. 

Supreme  Judge. — Mount,  Republican,  573; 
Dunbar.  Republican,  364:  Million,  Democrat, 
556;  Winsor,  Democrat,  554. 

Governor. — J.  M.  Frink,  Republican,  485 ; 
John  R.  Rogers,  Democrat,  652. 

State  Senator. — M.  E.  Hay,  Republican, 
572;  Garber,  Democrat.  567. 

Superior  Judge. — Myers.  Republican,  545  ; 
Xeal,  Democrat.  592. 

Representative. — A.  L.  Andrews,  of  Tun- 
nel, Republican.  635 ;  O.  A.  Hoag,  of  Lake- 
side, Democrat,  529. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


739 


Commissioner  First  District. — Alexander 
Pitcher,  of  Wenatchee,  Republican,  521;  Con- 
rad Rose,  of  Wenatchee,  Democrat,  622. 

Commissioner  Second  District. — Dennis 
Strong,  of  Mission,  Republican,  597;  J.  T. 
Boyle,  of  Leavenworth,  Democrat,  551. 

Commissioner  Third  District. — Spencer 
Boyd,  of  Chelan,  Republican,  589;  Charles 
Colver,  of  Chelan,  Democrat,  552. 

Auditor.— C.  J.  Trow,  of  Wenatchee,  Re- 
publican, 644 ;  H.  Patterson,  of  Mission,  Demo- 
crat, 500. 

Clerk. — A.  S.  Lindsay,  of  Wenatchee,  617; 
John  Godfrey,  of  \\'enatchee,  546. 

Treasurer. — H.  A.  Graham,  of  Wenatchee, 
Republican,  587 :  T.  J.  Cannon,  of  Entiat, 
Democrat.  560. 

Sheriff.— F.  F.  Keller,  of  Wenatchee,  Re- 
publican, 619;  Henry  Middleton,  of  Chiwau- 
kum.  Democrat,  540. 

County  Attorney.— S.  D.  Griffith,  of  We- 
natchee, Republican,  530;  Frank  Reeves,  of 
Wenatchee,  Democrat,  548;  Kirk  Whited,  of 
Wenatchee,  83.  ^ 

School  Superintendent. —  J.  E.  Porter,  of 
Wenatchee,  Republican.  610:  C.  Will  Shaffer, 
of  \\'enatchee,  Democrat.  559. 

Assessor. — ^George  N.  Watson,  of  Leaven- 
worth, Republican,  561  :  D.  C.  Wilson,  of  En- 
tiat, Democrat,  590. 

Surveyor. — \\\  R.  Prowell,  Republican,  of 
Wenatchee,  604:  William  Gibson,  of  Chelan, 
Democrat.  543. 

Coroner. — J-  E.  Shore,  of  Leavenworth, 
Republican,  569;  G.  W.  Ho.xsey,  of  Leaven- 
worth, Democrat,  582. 

Thursday,  August  28,  1902,  the  Chelan 
Republican  county  convention  was  held  at  the 
town- of  Chelan,  Walter  M.  Olive,  chairman, 
of  JNIission  :  W.  H.  Otis,  of  Peshastin,  secretary. 
This  was  followed  by  the  Democratic  county 
convention  which  assembled,  also,  at  Chelan, 
September  13,  of  which  C.  C.  Campbell  was 
chairman  and  J.  B.  Shepherd,  of  Mission,  sec- 
retary. The  vote  at  the  general  election  was  as 
follows : 


Representatives  to  Congress. — F.  W.  Cush- 
man,  Republican,  703;  W.  L.  Jones,  Repub- 
lican, 713;  W.  E.  Humphrey,  Republican,  699; 
George  F.  Cotterill,  Democrat,  482;  O.  R. 
Holcomb,  Democrat,  453;  Frank  B.  Cole, 
Democrat,  456;  J.  C.  Martin,  sociahst  labor, 
5 ;  William  H.  McCormick,  socialist  labor,  5 ; 
H.  P.  Jorgenson,  socialist  labor,  6;  J.  H.  C. 
Scurlock,  socialist,  26;  D.  Burgess,  socialist, 
31;  G.  W.  Scott,  sociahst,  31;  A,  H.  Sher- 
wood, Prohibition,  10;  W.  J.  McKean,  Prohi- 
bition, 10;  O.  L.  Fowler,  Prohibition,  11. 
Cushman's  plurality,  221 ;  Jones'  260;  Humph- 
rey's, 243, 

Judges  Supreme  Court. — Hiram  E.  Had- 
ley.  Republican,  710;  J.  B.  Reavis,  Democrat, 
459:  William  J.  Hoag,  socialist  labor,  6; 
Thomas  Neill,  socialist,  25.  Plurality  for 
Hadley,  251. 

State  Representative. — M.  E.  Field,  Repub- 
lican, 690;  J.  B.  Adams,  Democrat,  537.  Ma- 
jority for  Field,  153. 

Sheriff.- — F.  F.  Keller,  Republican,  652; 
Thomas  Parrish,  Democrat,  576.  Majority 
for  Keller,  76. 

Clerk. — C.  Christensen,  Republican,  yT,y; 
O.  B.  Fuller,  Democrat,  494.  Majority  for 
Christensen,  243. 

Auditor — C.  J.  Trow,  Republican,  809; 
John  Godfrey,  Democrat,  401.  Majority  for 
Trow,  408. 

Treasurer. — H.  A.  Graham,  Republican, 
766:  J.  B.  Shepherd,  Democrat,  453.  Major- 
ity for  Graham,  313. 

Prosecuting  Attorney. — George  P.  Mor- 
gan. Republican,  567;  Frank  Ree\-es,  Demo- 
crat, 661.     Majority  for  Reeves,  94. 

Assessor. — C.  E.  Buttles,  Republican,  683; 
D.  C.  Wilson,  Democrat,  536.  ]\Iajiirity  for 
Buttles,  147. 

Superintendent  of  Schools. — John  E.  Por- 
ter, Republican,  705 ;  G.  R.  Fentem,  Democrat, 
500.     Majoritv  for  Porter,  205. 

Surveyor. — W.  R.  Prowell,  Republican, 
789 ;  E.  M.  Fry,  Democrat,  409.  Majority  for 
Prowell.  -,80. 


740 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Coroner. — C.  Gilchrist,  Republican,  708; 
G.  W.  Hoxsey,  Democrat,  499.  Alajority  for 
Gilchrist,  209.  Dr.  Gilchrist  declined  to  qual- 
ify for  the  office  of  coroner,  and  his  political 
opponent,  G.  W.  Hoxsey,  was  appointed  cor- 
oner of  Chelan  county,  which  position  he  still 
holds. 


Commissioner  Second  District. — Edward 
Hinman,  Republican,  665  ;  G.  W.  Grant,  Demo- 
cat,  535-     Majority  for  Hinman,  130. 

Commissioner  Third  District. — Spencer 
Boyd,  Republican,  631;  M.  M.  Foote,  Demo- 
crat, 559.     Majority  for  Boyd,  72. 


LAUCHLIN     MACLEAN. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

CHELAN  COUNTY 


LAUCHLIN  Maclean,  who  is  now 
agent  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  land 
department  in  Chelan  and  Douglas  counties, 
with  headquarters  at  Wenatchee,  is  one  of  the 
strong  men  of  the  county  and  has  labored  with 
telling  wisdom  and  enterprise  in  bringing  to  the 
front  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Chelan 
county  for  many  years  back.  He  is  a  man  of 
tireless  energy,  keen  discrimination,  has  had 
wide  experience  and  is  a  strong  and  successful 
business  operator. 

Lauchlin  MacLean  was  Ix)rn  in  Tyne  valley. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  July  24,  1856,  the 
son  of  Donald  and  Sarah  (Ellis)  MacLean,  na- 
tives of  Scotland  and  Prince  Edward  Island, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  prominent  and 
influential  citizen,  and  a  large  and  prosperous 
fanner.  He  was  a  leader  in  political  matters 
and  held  office.  His  death  occurred  in  1896. 
The  mother  died  the  same  year,  each  aged  sev- 
enty-four. Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools  and  when  fifteen  was  water  boy 
on  the  railroad  construction.  Later  he  learned 
the  stone  cutter's  trade  and  again  wrought  on 
the  railroad.  He  was  section  foreman  for  a 
time  and  then  came  west  with  a  party  of  en- 
gineers. Later  we  see  him  brakeman  on  the 
LTnion  Pacific,  and  after  that  conductor  for  two 
years.  Mr.  MacLean  continued  his  railroad- 
ing by  entering  the  employ  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  and  operated  the  first  train  into 
North  Yakima  and  Ellensburg.  After  this  he 
turned  his  attention  to  accident  insurance  and 
was  soon  manager  for  the  northwest  for  his 
company,  with  headquarters  at  Seattle.  In  1888 
he  resigned  this  position  to  go  into  the  real  es- 
tate business  in  North  Yakima,  the  firm  being 


MacLean,  Reed  &  Company.  They  handled  the 
Northern  Pacific  lands  there  and  in  a  short  time 
went  for  larger  fields  in  Spokane.  While  there 
he  operated  all  through  the  Big  Bend  country 
and  handled  Coulee  City  and  Wilbur  town- 
sites.  He  purchased  the  land  and  laid  out 
Chelan  Falls  and  remained  there  until  1900. 
Then  Mr.  MacLean  opened  an  office  in  Wen- 
atchee and  at  once  was  requested  to  take  charge 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  lands.  He  promoted 
the  high  line  ditch,  which  is  now  completed  and 
in  operation.  Also  Mr.  MacLeLan  is  presi- 
dent and  general  manager  of  the  Spokane  Canal 
Company  which  is  constructing  a  large  irrigat- 
ing canal  at  Otis,  Washington,  and  one  in 
Teton  county,  Montana.  Both  of  these  will 
doubtless  be  in  successful  operation  for  the  sea- 
son of  1904.  Mr.  MacLean  has  a  large  stock 
ranch  of  two  thousand  acres,  in  Douglas  county 
and  much  other  property.  He  has  four  brothers, 
W'illiam,  James  E.,  Hugh,  and  Dan,  and  seven 
sisters,  Emily  McArthur,  Mary  A.  McNevin, 
Rachel  Horn,  Maggie  E.  Ritchie,  Sarah  J. 
Horn,  Mina  Williams,  and  Minerva  Adams. 

On  January  15,  1888,  Mr.  MacLean  mar- 
ried IMrs.  Laura  G.  Hines,  the  nuptials  occur- 
ring at  Portland,  Oregon.  Her  father.  Nathan- 
iel M.  Stone,  married  Aliss  Greeley,  a  cousin  of 
Horace  Greeley.  She  died  in  California,  in 
K883.  Mr.  Stone  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
came  to  California  in  1849,  returned  east  and 
for  years  was  a  prominent  merchant  in  Quincy, 
Illinois.  Later  he  was  a  noted  horseman  in 
Iowa  and  in  1888  he  came  to  Washington.  He 
remained  with  our  subject  until  his  death  at 
Chelan  Falls,  in  1899.  INIrs.  ^MacLean  was  born 
in  \^icksburg,  Mississippi  and  has  two  brothers. 


742 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Nathaniel  R..  and  William.  By  her  former 
marriage,  Mrs.  MacLean  has  one  daughter. 
Mabel,  now  being  educated  at  Holland.  Michi- 
gan. Mr.  MacLean  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M..  of  the  R.  A.  M..  of  the  Elks,  of  the 
K.  P.,  and  of  the  Eagles.  He  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  O.  E.  S.  He  is  a  strong  Repub- 
lican and  is  active  in  the  county  and  state  con- 
ventions. Mr.  MacLean  has  won  a  first-class 
success  and  has  done  much  and  is  doing  a 
worthy  labor  in  the  advancement  and  upbuild- 
ing of  Chelan  county  and  other  sections. 


WILLIAM  K.  McKEXZIE  dwells  about 
sixteen  miles  up  the  Entiat  river  froin  the  Col- 
umbia on  a  homestead  which  he  secured  in 
1894.  He  has  just  completed  a  large  barn  and 
is  now  building  a  new  house.  Other  improve- 
ments of  a  substantial  character  and  value  are 
in  evidence  about  the  place  and  ^Slr.  ]McKenzie 
is  a  thrifty  and  industrious  farmer. 

William  K.  INIcKenzie  was  born  in  Forfar, 
Scotland,  in  1843,  the  son  of  James  and  ■Martha 
Ann  (Esplin)  McKenzie,  both  natives  of 
Scotland.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  David.  Mary,  Margaret, 
Sarah,  Hannah,  Christina,  Anna,  and  Jemima, 
all  married  and  dwelling  in  the  native  land. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Scotland 
and  early  developed  a  very  fine  talent  as  a 
marksman  and  many  are  the  trophies  that  he 
has  won  in  some  of  the  most  trying  contests  of 
the  world.  He  was  the  crack  shot  of  the  For- 
farshire Volunteers  and  was  three  times  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Queen's  company.  This  sixty  is 
selected  from  over  two  thousand  of  the  best 
shots  of  the  country  and  they  are  allowed  to 
compete  for  the  prize  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds  sterling.  Mr.  McKenzie  joined  the 
army  when  he  arrived  at  manhood's  estate  and 
for  twenty-five  years  followed  military  life. 
The  famous  Chinese  cup  which  was  presented 
to  his  regiment  was  gained  by  him  at  the  Wine- 
bleton  contest.  This  was  no  small  honor  and 
Mr.  McKenzie  has  shown  in  various  other  con- 
tests his  great  skill  as  a  marksman.  His  home 
at  the  present  time  contains  a  fine  collection  of 
firearms  as  one  will  find  in  the  state.  He  has 
guns  of  all  descriptions  and  some  of  the  finest 
that  are  made  in  the  world.  After  leaving  the 
army,  our  subject  came  to  the  United  States, 


some  sixteen  years  since,  and  made  settlement 
in  Seattle.  His  wife  followed  with  the  family 
about  six  years  later.  In  his  early  days,  Mr. 
McKenzie  had  learned  the  stone  mason's  trade 
and  he  immediately  began  working  at  the  same, 
which  he  followed  until  1894,  the  year  in  which 
he  selected  his  present  homestead  in  the  Entiat 
valley. 

In  1872.  Mr.  McKenzie  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  and  Helen 
(Cockburn)  Shear,  both  natives  of  Scotland, 
as  also  is  Mrs.  McKenzie. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKenzie,  the  following 
children  were  born  :  David ;  James ;  Willie ; 
Nicholas ;  Annie,  wife  of  John  Dunlap,  in  Ross- 
land,  British  Columbia ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
John  W.  Boner,  at  Entiat;  and  Helen,  attend- 
ing school.  In  church  afiiliations,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  McKenzie  belong  to  the  old  Scotch  Pres- 
byterian denomination  and  uphold  their  faith 
by  a  devout  and  practical  life. 


JUDSON  L.  JACOBS,  who  is  one  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Chelan,  was  born  in 
Rockport,  Massachusetts  on  January  10.  1^53, 
the  son  of  Timothy  and  Dora  (Hodskins) 
Jacobs,  the  former  a  native  of  Wells.  Maine, 
and  the  later  of  Rockport.  Massachusetts. 
They  died  in  1883  and  1873.  respectively.  Our 
subject  has  one  brother.  Joseph,  living  in  Clin- 
ton, Massachusetts  and  four  deceased,  B,  F., 
Albert  H.,  F.  Augustus,  and  Moses  H.  J.  L. 
graduated  from  the  Rockport  high  school  in  due 
time  and  then  entered  the  Boston  dental  college 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1876.  He  pur- 
sued his  profession  in  Boston  some  years  then, 
owing  to  ill  health,  came  to  ^Minnesota.  For  ten 
years  he  was  in  active  practice  there  then  went 
to  Minneapolis  where  he  remained  for  three 
years.  Following  that.  Dr.  Jacobs  came  to 
Chelan  where  he  continued  the  practice  of 
dentistry.  In  the  meantime  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  mines  of  Chelan  county  and  located 
the  Bonnar  group  on  Meadow  creek,  three 
fourths  of  a  mile  from  Lake  Chelan.  The 
group  consists  of  foifr  claims  and  the  develop- 
ment shows  ore  that  goes  thirty-three  dollars 
in  gold  and  eighteen  per  cent,  in  copper.  In  due 
time  this  group  will  doubtless  be  one  of  the 
heavy  producers  of  Chelan  county. 

At   Minneapolis,   on   April   27,    1877,   Dr. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


743 


Jacobs  married  ]Miss'  Rosa  E.,  daughter  of 
Jobe  J.  and  Missouria  Piatt  and  a  native  of 
Ritchtield,  Minnesota.  Mrs.  Piatt  was  one  of  the 
first  white  girls  that  came  to  AlinneapoHs  in  very 
early  days  and  there  was  married.  She  is  still 
residing  in  that  state,  although  her  husband  is 
deceased.  To  Mr.  and  I\lrs.  Jacobs  one  child, 
Ida  E.,  has  been  born. 

Dr.  Jacobs  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  AI.  and  the  W.  W.  Politically  he  is  a  good 
strong  Republican  and  has  held  various  offices 
since  coming  to  Chelan  county.  The  doctor  is 
a  man  of  energy  and  progression  and  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  upbuilding  of  Chelan 
since  coming  here.  He  owns  real  estate  be- 
tween the  lake  and  the  Columbia  river,  besides 
various  other  property. 


JOHN  W^-VPATO  is  certainly  to  be 
classed  as  one  of  the  most  progressive  men  of 
the  Lake  Chelan  country.  For  about  four 
score  years  he  has  resided  in  this  vicinity  and 
has  always  been  an  active  and  energetic  man, 
laboring  for  the  welfare  of  his  people  and  for 
their  advancement.  He  was  chief  of  the  Entiat 
Indians  and  held  his  position  by  reason  of  real 
merit.  In  his  earlier  days,  he  desired  to  be- 
come more  acquainted  with  the  civilization  the 
whites  were  bringing  in,  and  therefore  went 
to  the  Willamette  valley  and  became  well 
skilled  in  farming  and  other  important  in- 
dustries. During  those  years  he  was  called 
Jack  almost  universally.  Returning  to  the 
Columbia  river  in  the  vicinity  of  Chelan  county, 
he  established  a  horse  and  cattle  ranch.  He 
there  married  Madeline,  a  woman  of  his  tribe. 
To  this  union  the  following  children  were  born  : 
Charles,  Sylvester,  Peter,  Mary,  Mary  Ann, 
and  Louis.  The  last  one  was  drowned  in  the 
Columbia  river.  In  addition  to  stock  raising. 
Mr.  Wapato  gave  considerable  attention  to 
mining  on  the  Columbia  river  and  when  the 
Chinese  settled  there  and  began  mining,  he 
operated  a  pack  train  from  Walla  Walla, 
bringing  all  their  supplies  for  them.  Later,  he 
turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  was  the 
first  Indian  who  planted  crops  and  the  first  one 
to  raise  potatoes  here.  The  Chinook  word  for 
potato  is  Wapato  on  account  of  which  the  chief 
received  his  name.  John  Wapato.  In  addition 
to  the  interests  already  named.  Mr.  Wapato 


started  a  trading  post  on  the  Columbia  river 
twelve  miles  from  Lake  Chelan.  He  bought 
furs  from  the  Indians,  trading  them  stock  and 
so  forth,  then  sold  his  furs  to  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company.  When  the  terrible  earthquakes 
occurred  in  those  days  which  threw  the  moun- 
tain in  the  Columbia  river  in  this  vicinity, 
Mr.  Wapato  was  a  witness  to  the  upheavel.  It 
raised  the  river  over  fifty  feet  before  the  ob- 
struction was  cut  out.  When  Chief  Moses 
arranged  with  the  government  for  the  reserva- 
tion on  Lake  Chelan.  Mr.  Wapato  moved  on  to 
the  reservation  from  his  former  place  on  ac- 
count of  the  superior  range  for  cattle  and  other 
advantages.  He  was  allotted  a  section  of  land 
and  at  once  began  the  cultivation  of  the  same, 
packing  the  seed  from  Walla  Walla.  During 
the  various  uprisings  of  the  Indians  through- 
out the  northwest  in  the  past  four  score  years, 
this  worthy  man  has  never  taken  any  part, 
always  raising  his  voice  for  peace.  He  is  a 
devoted  member  of  the  Catholic  church  and  a 
highly  esteemed  man.  It  is  evident  from  the 
foregoing  that  John  Wapato  has  performed 
a  noble  life  work  and  has  shown  ability  and 
executive  force  equaled  by  few. 


CAPTAIN  ELLSWORTH  E.  SHOT- 
WELL,  of  Lakeside,  Chelan  county,  after  a 
long  and  successful  business  career  in  some  of 
the  most  important  centers  of  the  United  States, 
has  cast  his  lot  among  the  people  of  this  beauti- 
ful lake  country,  of  which  he  is  a  most  pro- 
gressive and  influential  citizen.  He  is  manager 
of  the  Lake  Chelan  Navigation  Company. 
Captain  Shotwell  was  born  in  San  Francisco, 
February  5,  i860.  His  father,  Joseph  AI..  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  came  to  San  Francisco 
in  1 85 1,  as  owner  and  master  of  the  ship  Sam- 
uel Churchman.  He  sold  this  vessel  and  re- 
mained in  San  Francisco  until  his  death,  in 
1898,  engaged  in  mining,  and  also  as  manager 
for  Allsop  &  Company,  the  Panama  Mail 
Steamship  Line,  and  he  was  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  Comstock  mines  in  the  earlv  days. 
During  many  years  he  was  manager  of  the 
Alerchant's  Exchange,  and  was  one  of  San 
Francisco's  influential  pioneer  citizens.  The 
mother  of  our  subject,  Minnie  (Perrier)  Shot- 
well,  was  a  native  of  Australia,  who  came  to 
California  when  a  child,  with  her  parents. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Our  subject  remained  in  California  nearly 
all  his  life,  and  was  engaged  in  mining  stock 
speculation  in  San  Francisco  during  the  most 
exciting  periods  of  that  business,  and  was  well 
known  "on  the  street"  in  connection  with  the 
"Comstock"  in  its  palmy  days.  He  began  his 
business  career  while  still  a  youth,  was  educated 
in  private  schools  in  San  Francisco  and  pre- 
pared for  college,  but  chose  a  business  career 
instead.  He  followed  deep  water  sailing  and 
worked  on  coast  steamers,  and  was  identified, 
for  a  few  years,  with  business  on  the  San 
Joaquin  river.  At  the  time  of  the  initial  Yukon 
excitement  our  subject  went  to  Alaska,  re- 
turned to  California,  and  in  1901-2  went  to 
Nome.  He  came  to  Chelan  county  as  a  tourist, 
accompanied  by  his  family,  and  was  so  im- 
pressed with  the  natural  beauty  of  the  scenery, 
the  climate  and  business  prospects,  that  he 
decided  to  make  this  locality  his  future  home. 
He  purchased  the  steamer  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
expended  several  thousand  dollars  in  refitting 
the  boat,  and  subsequently  built  the  fast  dis- 
patch steamer  which  easily  makes  the  round 
trip  in  a  day,  and  promoted  various  other 
marine  enterprises. 

Capt.  Shotwell  has  two  sisters,  Grace,  wife 
of  Edward  T.  Osborn,  residing  in  California, 
for  many  years  assistant  treasurer  of  the  Pacific 
Mail  Steamship  Company,  and  Marion,  wife 
of  H.  Tourgee.  In  September,  1900,  in  San 
Francisco,  our  subject  uas  married  to  Mary 
Warring,  a  native  of  Maine.  They  have  no 
children. 


COLIN  GILCHRIST,  M.  D.  Upon  no 
class  of  men  do  greater  responsibilities  rest, 
regarding  the  issues  of  life,  than  upon  the 
physicians  of  our  land.  Therefore  it  is  that 
the  popular  spirit  demands  that  they  be  men  of 
high  moral  character,  recognized  ability  and 
unswerving  integrity.  As  no  exception  to  this 
high  ideal,  which  is  justly  required,  stands  the 
gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 
Dr.  Gilchrist  lias  won  for  himself  in  the  Colum- 
bia valley  a  reputation  which  can  only  be  gained 
as  the  result  of  merit  and  wisdom.  He  is  well 
known  throughout  Douglas  and  Chelan  coun- 
ties, and  stands  at  the  present  time  at  the  head 
of  a  constantly  increasing  practice."  being  lo- 
cated in  the  town  of  Wenatchee.  His  reputa- 
tion extends  over  both  counties  mentioned  and 


his  time  is  so  occupied  in  attending  to  the  calls 
of  the  sick  that  he  is  unable  to  attend  to  the 
duties  of  coroner  of  Chelan  county,  to  which  his 
fellows  called  him.  He  did  serve  for  several 
terms  in  that  capacity  when  living  in  \\'aterville 
but  pressing  calls  now  demand  his  entire  time. 
He  has  a  good  ofiice  and  a  cosy  home  in 
Wenatchee,  and  also  owns  a  choice  trace  of 
fruit  land  of  ten  acres  on  the  border  of  the 
city,  where  he  expects  in  the  near  future  to 
erect  a  commodious  hospital,  which  will  be  a 
great  addition  to  Wenatchee.  A  details  ac- 
count of  his  career  will  be  very  acceptable  to 
the  citizens  of  these  counties,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  append  the  same. 

Colin  Gilchrist  was  born  in  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, on  February  5,  1861,  the  son  of  James 
and  Marion  (Campbell)  Gilchrist,  natives  of 
Scotland  and  married  in  Canada.  The  father 
dwelt  in  Canada  forty-five  years  and  was  known 
as  one  of  the  stanch  men  of  his  section.  His 
death  occurred  on  December  16,  1902.  The 
mother  still  desides  on  the  old  homestead  where 
she  has  already  spent  fortj'-six  years.  Our 
suhejct  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  participated 
in  the  inxigorating  exercise  there  to  be  found 
until  twenty-one.  He  had  in  the  meantime  re- 
ceived a  thorough  educational  training  from 
the  grammar  and  high  schools  of  Ontario, 
which  are  famed  o^-er  the  world  as  the  best  in 
the  domain  of  the  English  language.  Then  he 
spent  several  years  teaching  in  iNIichigan.  sav- 
ing his  means  to  gain  a  medical  education.  In 
1S85  Mr.  Gilchrist  entered  the  College  of 
Medicine  in  Detroit  and  three  years  later  re- 
ceived his  diploma  iwth  honor.  Five  years  after 
graduation,  he  spent  three  months  in  an  addi- 
tional course  in  Detroit,  and  in  1903  he  took 
a  second  post-graduate  course,  this  time  in 
Chicago.  He  soon  came  from  the  scenes  of  his 
study  and  triumph  to  the  far  west,  selecting 
\\'aterville  as  the  place  of  his  first  practice. 
He  at  once  began  his  life  work  and  from  the 
outset  was  favored  with  a  practice  which  only 
skill  and  erudition  can  win.  In  addition  to  this 
work,  he  opened  a  drug  store  and  dispensed 
medicines  during  his  practice.  In  1897  Dr. 
Gilchrist  came  to  Wenatchee,  and  since  that 
time  has  continued  here  and  in  the  adjoining 
territory  in  active  practice.  The  doctor  se- 
cured a  quarter  section  of  land  by  the  pre- 
emption right  while  in  Douglas  county  but  later 
sold  the  property. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


745 


At  present  he  is  county  physician  of  Chelan 
county,  chairman  of  the  board  of  health,  and 
school  director. 

On  April  7.  1889,  Dr.  Gilchrist  married 
Miss  Mary  C.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary 
V.  (Chenoweth)  Aberly,  natives  of  Germany 
and  West  Virginia,  respectively.  Mrs.  Gil- 
christ was  born  in  Lagrande,  Oregon  and  there 
received  her  education.  Her  father  died  in 
1875.  The  mother  married  Charles  Preston  of 
Lagrande,  where  he  is  now  a  boot  and  shoe 
merchant.  She  came  from  an  old  and  promi- 
nent Virginia  family  and  crossed  the  plains 
with  her  parents  when  young.  Mrs.  Gilchrist 
has  two  half  sisters,  Charlotte  and  Myrtle.  To 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Gilchrist  two  children  have  been 
born:  Marion  V.,  and  Hazel  B.,  who  died  when 
fifteen  months  old.  The  doctor  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Rebekahs,  while  he  is  affiliated 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  the  Brotherhood  of  Amer- 
ican Yeomen,  the  W.  W..  the  M.  W.  A.,  the 
Royal  Neighbors,  and  the  Eagles.  They  are 
both  exemplary  citizens  and  in  their  church 
relations  are  identified  with  the  Episcopalians. 

Dr.  Gilchrist  has  one  brother,  \\'illiam,  and 
three  sisters,  ■Mary,  Sarah,  and  Maggie,  all  in 
Canada.    William  is  on  the  old  homestead. 


MORRISON  M.  KINGMAN,  president  of 
the  Chelan  Water  Power  Company,  and  a  pro- 
gressive, influential  citizen  of  his  community, 
resides  at  Chelan,  Chelan  county.  He  was  born 
at  Spirit  Lake,  Iowa,  June  26,  1859,  the  son 
of  Rosalvo  and  Agnes  J.  (McMillan)  King- 
man, both  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  died  in 
1892.  The  mother,  who  passed  away  in  1900, 
was  descended  from  a  prominent  family,  her 
grandfather.  Major  MclNIillan.  of  the  Ohio 
State  Militia,  having  been  a  prominent  Mason 
and  influential  citizen  of  his  day. 

Our  subject  was  reared  principally  in  Minn- 
esota, whence  the  family  moved  from  Iowa, 
owing  to  the  Sioux  Indian  \\'ar  of  1862.  When 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  left  Minnesota,  going 
thence  to  the  Black  Hills,  where  he  mined  until 
1883,  and  then  went  to  Alaska  and  prospected 
in  the  vicinity  of  Pyramid  Harbor.  Subse- 
quently he  lived  in  Wyoming,  Colorado  and 
Montana,  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  afterward 
came  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  thence  to 
Davenport,  the  same  state,  where  he  engaged 


in  contracting  and  building.  Having  located 
some  mining  claims  in  Horse  Shoe  Basin,  he 
removed  to  Lake  county,  Oregon,  where  he 
conducted  a  saw  mill  in  the  vicinity  of  Silver 
Lake.  It  was  in  1889  that  Mr.  Kingman  came 
to  Chelan  county,  since  which  period  he  has 
prospected  industriously  every  season.  Asso- 
ciated with  A.  M.  Pershall,  he  located  the  first 
mining  claims  in  the  basin.  They  sold  the 
Blue  Devil  and  Black  Warrior  claims  in  1890, 
silver  and  lead  propositions.  They  have  since 
disposed  of  the  Davenport.  Our  subject  owns 
only  one  claim  there  at  present,  the  New  Era, 
in  partnership  with  J.  F.  Samson.  In  1892  he 
purchased  a  saw  mill  which  he  conducted 
eighteen  months  and  disposed  of  the  property 
to  his  brother,  Herbert.  Our  subject  organized 
the  Chelan  Water  Power  Company  in  October, 
1902,  having  a  franchise  in  Chelan  and  Lake- 
side, furnishing  power,  light  and  water.  He 
laid  out  and  platted  West  Chelan  in  the  spring 
of  1902,  and  owns  a  home  in  the  same  addition, 
which  offers  a  fine  view  of  the  lake.  Mr.  King- 
man has  one  brother  living,  Herbert,  a  sketch 
of  whom  appears  elsewhere. 

In  November,  1891,  at  Waterville,  Wash- 
ington, our  subject  was  married  to  Ellen  Utter- 
back,  a  native  of  Iowa.  Her  father,  William 
E.,  was  born  in  Indiana  and  resides  in  Iowa. 
Her  mother,  Caroline  (McPherson)  Utter- 
back,  was  born  in  Tennessee,  but  at  present 
resides  in  Iowa.  'Mrs.  Kingman  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters :  William  and  Mell- 
ville,  farmers  in  Iowa ;  Allie,  wife  of  John 
Davis,  of  Weeping  Water,  Nebraska;  Jvlay, 
wife  of  Lloyd  N,  Pershall,  elsewhere  men- 
tioned; and  Ida,  wife  of  Fred  Goodfellow,  a 
farmer  residing  near  Ashland,  Nebraska.  She 
is  the  mother  of  three  children,  Alice  Marie. 
Forrest  R.,  and  William  Kenneth.  Mr.  King- 
man is  a  member  of  Chelan  Lodge  No.  97, 
K.  of  P.,  and  politically,  a  Democrat.  His 
wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church. 


CHARLES  COLVER  resides  five  miles 
northwest  of  Chelan  upon  a  farm,  which  he  se- 
cured by  the  homestead  right.  For  a  decade 
and  more  he  has  been  one  of  the  successful 
agriculturists,  fruit  growers  and  stockmen  of 
Chelan  county.  He  has  one  quarter  section 
of  land  which  is  yearly  laid  under  tribute  to 


746 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


crops,  and  each  year  he  also  markets  cattle, 
hogs,  fruits  and  so  forth.  Charles  Colver  was 
born  in  Iowa  on  December  i.  1867,  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Mary  ( Roland )  Colver.  natives  of 
Ohio  and  Indiana,  respectively.  They  are  now 
living  retired  at  Missouri  \'alley,  Iowa.  The 
father  descends  from  an  old  \"i'rginia  family  of 
prominence.  The  mother's  mother  was  a  Miss 
Arnold  who  came  from  a  well  known  Ken- 
tucky family  and  had  twelve  brothers,  most  of 
whom  were  in  the  War  of  1812;  also  she  had 
several  brothers  and  uncles  who  were  in  a  fierce 
battle  with  Indians  and  in  other  conflicts.  One 
of  the  uncles  was  unfortunate  enough  to  be 
tomahawked,  scalped  and  killed.  This  aged 
lady  died  in  1901  near  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa. 

Charles  was  educated  in  the  graded  and 
high  schools  of  Missouri  Valley  but  on  account 
of  ill  health  was  forced  to  retire  from  the  school 
room  before  graduation.  At  that  time  he  spent 
eighteen  months  in  California,  then  returned 
home  and  remained  with  his  father  until  he  was 
twenty-five.  In  the  spring  of  1893  he  came  to 
Lake  Chelan  and  being 'So  impressed  with  the 
beauty  of  the  country  and  the  excellent  re- 
sources of  the  same  at  once  settled  as  stated 
above.  I\Ir.  Colver  is  a  man  quick  to  discern 
and  take  advantage  of  opportunities  and  he  has 
demonstrated  what  can  be  done  in  this  county 
by  one  who  will  take  hold  with  energy  and 
intelligence.  He  expects  in  the  very  near 
future  to  increase  his  holdings  in  stock  and  will 
be  then  able  to  turn  off  a  large  amount  of  cattle 
and  hogs  each  year. 

Mr.  Colver  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters  John,  James,  Joseph,  George,  Letty 
Noe,  Ella  Watson,  Lydia  Dempsy  and  Ada 
Brammon. 

On  February  25,  1891.  at  ^Missouri  Valley, 
Mr.  Colver  married  Miss  Anna  Jones  who  died 
on  April  9,  1892,  in  the  same  city.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1898  Mr.  Colver  contracted  a  second  mar- 
riage. The  nuptials  were  celebrated  at  Chico, 
California,  and  Martha  J.  Foreman  became  his 
bride.  Her  father,  Joseph  Foreman,  married 
a  Miss  Rogers,  both  descendants  of  very  promi- 
nent and  wealthy  Virginia  planters.  Mr.  Fore- 
man died  in  Iowa,  in  1885,  where  also  his  wife 
passed  away  at  about  the  same  time.  Mrs. 
Colver  has  three  brothers.  William,  George  and 
Ira.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colver  two  children 
have  been  born,  Joseph  H.  and  an  infant,  de- 
ceased.    He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  is  past 


C.  C.  and  was  also  delegate  to  the  last  grand 
lodge  at  Seattle.  ;Mr.  Colver  is  a  strong  Demo- 
crat and  has  been  active  in  the  county  con- 
ventions. In  1901  he  was  a  candidate  for  coun- 
ty commissioner,  but  was  beaten  by  thirty-seven 
votes.  At  the  present  time  he  is  a  member  of 
the  county  central  committee.  [Mr.  Colver  has 
some  of  the  best  property  in  this  part  of  the 
county  while'  socially  he  and  his  wife  are  the 
center  of  a  host  of  admiring  friends. 


JOHN  B.  BJORK  comes  from  the  land 
that  furnished  the  discoverers  of  America,  and 
who  planted  their  banners  here  long  before 
Christopher  Columbus  was  born.  The  bold 
seamen  of  the  northlands  have  shown  the  in- 
herent stability  and  progressiveness  of  the 
Swedish  and  Norwegian  people.  As  one  of 
their  descendants,  our  subject  is  now  a  leading 
and  upright  citizen  of  Leavenworth,  where  he 
has  dwelt  for  more  than  a  decade.  He  was 
born  in  Sweden  on  July  18.  1856,  the  son  of 
Olie  and  ]\Iary  (Johnson)  Bjork,  both  natives 
of  the  same  country.  They  died  in  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  the  father  in  1894,  and  the  mother 
the  following  year.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  his  native  land  and  came  to  America  in 
1882.  After  some  travel  he  settled  in  St.  Paul 
and  took  up  railroad  contracting  on  the  Great 
Northern  and  the  M.  &  St.  P.  In  1892  he 
came  to  Montana  in  the  same  line  of  business 
and  later  settled  in  Icicle,  now  Leavenworth, 
where  he  opened  a  restaurant.  To  the  super- 
vision of  this  business  he  gave  his  attention, 
together  with  operating  a  store  for  a  time  and 
then  built  a  hotel.  This  was  burned  in  1896, 
and  he  immediately  built  the  Overland,  a  house 
popular  with  the  traveling  public,  which  ^Ir. 
Bjork  operated  successfully  until  1903,  when 
he  leased  it.  He  now  owns  a  farm  four  miles 
from  Leavenworth  on  Eagle  creek.  The  farm 
is  supplied  with  good  substantial  improvements 
among  which  is  a  fine  orchard. 

At  St.  Paul.  Minnesota,  in  1887.  Mr.  Bjork 
married  Miss  Martha,  daughter  of  Andrus  and 
Annie  Anderson,  natives  of  Norway. 

Mr.  Bjork  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Carl.  Olif  G..  Christina,  CanMine. 
Mary.  Anna  and  Louisa. 

In  fraternal  affairs  Mr.  Bjork  is  asso- 
ciated  with    the   Foresters   and   the    Fraternal 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Army  of  America.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  tlie  Congregational  church  in 
Leavenwortli.  He  assisted  materially  to 
erect  the  church  building,  which  was  the  first 
structure  of  worship  in  the  town.  Mr. 
Bjork  is  a  strong  Democrat  and  was  treasurer 
of  Okanogan  county  in  1894.  He  is  now 
justice  of  the  peace,  being  an  efficient  ot¥icer. 
In  1898  he  went  to  Alaska  and  after  spending 
nineteen  months  of  arduous  labor  and  much 
hardship,  he  returned,  bringing  nine  hundred 
dollars  in  gold. 


FRANK  REEVES.  The  people  of  Che- 
lan county  and  central  Washington  need  no  in- 
troduction to  Frank  Reeves.  Chelan  county 
itself  owes  its  existence  to  his  efforts,  aided  by 
Arthur  Gunn.  Mr.  Reeves  has  demonstrated 
himself  a  man  of  ability,  energy  and  integrity. 
These  qualities  dominated  by  a  powerful  will 
have  rightly  placed  him  as  leader  and  the 
county  owes  him  a  debt  of  gratitude  which  it 
is  evident  they  recognize,  for  while  Mr.  Reeves 
is  a  strong  Democrat,  he  has  promptly  been 
placed  in  the  responsible  otSce  of  prosecuting 
attorney  twice,  the  people  laying  aside  politics, 
since  they  are  largely  Republican,  when  his 
name  is  before  them.  They  chose  the  man  and 
they  were  not  mistaken  in  their  choice. 

Frank  Reeves  was  born  in  Watseka,  Illi- 
nois, on  August  13,  1866,  the  son  of  Isaac  W. 
and   Susan   C.    ( German )    Reeves,   natives   of 
Indiana  and  now  residing  on  a  fruit  ranch  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wenatchee.    The  Reeves  family 
came  from  England  to  Virginia  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  and  have  been  prominent  since. 
The  father  served  in  the  Twenty-fifth  Illinois 
Infantry,  Company  F,  for  three  years  and  three 
months.     He  participated  in  thirty-nine  hard 
battles,  among  which  are  Chickamauga,  Mis- 
'        sionary  Ridge.  Stone  River  and  so  forth.     The 
i        mother's  father  also  served  in  the  Civil  War. 
j        Our  subject  was  principally  in  Kansas  during 
j        his  minority.     He  was  well  educated  through 
i        the  graded  and  high  schools  at  St.  John  and 
I        then  read  law  in  the  office  of  T.  F.  Halverson, 
:        prosecuting  attorney  of  Stafford  county.     He 
I        completed  his   course  before  twenty-one,   and 
;        then  took  up  newspaper  work.     He  did  repor- 
!        torial  and  editorial  work  in  Kansas,  Colorado, 
j        and  Washington,  also  on  the  Review  in  Spo- 
kane, and  mined  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille  in  addi- 


tion thereto.  Later  he  taught  school  in  Post- 
falls  for  one  year.  Then  he  founded  the  first 
Democratic  paper  in  Ellensburg  and  in  1891 
came  to  Wenatchee.  He  founded  the  Advance, 
sold  it  in  the  spring  of  1893,  started  the  Times 
in  Leavenworth  and  in  1896  sold  that.  In 
1899,  Mr.  Reeves,  aided  by  Arthur  Gunn,  went 
to  Olympia  to  secure  the  segregation  of  Che- 
lan county  and  success  crowned  the  wise  efforts 
put  forth.  Early  in  1900,  Mr.  Reeves  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  practice  of  law  before  the  supreme 
court  and  at  the  first  election  in  the  county,  he 
was  chosen  prosecuting  attorney  and  in  1902 
his  own  successor.  Mr.  Reeves  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Fred,  and  Rose  Fuller. 

On  August  31,  1888,  Mr.  Reeves  married 
Miss  Belle  Culp,  at  Genesee,  Kansas.  She  was 
born  in  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  where  also  her  par- 
ents were  born.  One  child,  Zelma,  now  eleven, 
was  born  to  this  union  and  she  is  the  first  white 
child  bom  in  Wenatchee.  I\Ir.  Reeves  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Elks.  Mr. 
Reeves  has  various  holdings,  as  a  fruit  ranch, 
town  property  and  mining  interests.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  Columbia  valley  and 
is  the  center  of  a  large  circle  of  admiring 
friends. 


JESSE  D.  BONAR,  who  resides  at  Entiat, 
Washington,  is  manager  of  the  Entiat  Im- 
provement Company,  which  owns  about  seven 
hundred  acres  of  land  under  irrigation  ditch. 
He  is  cropping  the  entire  estate  to  alfalfa  and 
the  enterprise  is  one  of  the  large  movements  in 
Chelan  county. 

Jesse  D.  Bonar  was  born  in  Winnebago 
county.  Iowa,  on  November  8,  1865,  the  son 
of  Jesse  and  Jemima  (Ragan)  Bonar,  natives 
of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The  mother 
died  some  time  since  and  the  father  is  still 
living  in  Iowa,  aged  eighty-four.  Our  subject 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  David, 
James,  Daniel  and  Welsey,  all  in  Iowa ;  Mrs. 
Nellie  Howe,  Mrs.  Hester  Luke,  Mrs.  Mary 
M.  Mathena,  Mrs.  Eliza  Rosser,  ^Mrs.  Myrtie 
Tipperary. 

Jesse  D.  Bonar  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  in  Iowa  and  remained  there  until 
1888,  in  which'  year  he  journeyed  to  Puget 
Sound.  He  spent  six  years  in  farming  and 
lumbering  there,  then  came  to  Entiat  and  en- 
in   logging  until    1895,   when   he  took 


748 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


charge  of  the  Entiat  Improvement  Company, 
being  now  manager  of  the  same.  Mr.  Bonar 
has  shown  rare  executive  abihty  and  skill  in 
managing  this  concern  and  is  making  it  a  pay- 
ing enterprise. 

On  January  21,  1895.  '"  '^^e  Entiat  valley, 
Mr.  Bonar  married  Miss  Minnie  ]\I.  Gray,  and 
to  them  one  child  has  been  born,  Ellen  Gert- 
rude. Mr.  Bonar  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  a  stanch  and  active  Democrat.  Mrs. 
Bonar  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church. 


ANDREW  S.  BURBANK.  In  the  seven- 
teenth century  three  brothers  of  the  Burbank 
family  came  to  the  colonies  and  located  in  Con- 
necticut. From  that  time  to  the  present  the 
family  has  been  identified  with  the  American 
cause  and  were  real  Americans  before  there  was 
any  United  States.  Seventy-seven  of  the  dif- 
ferent branches  of  the  Burbank  family  were  en- 
rolled in  the  Revolution  and  they  all  fought 
with  the  spirit  and  patriotism  born  of  true  prin- 
ciple and  fearlessness  in  standing  for  the  right. 
Various  ones  held  official  positions.  Among 
these  patriots  was  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject who  fought  all  through  the  struggle  for 
independence  and  then  also  in  the  War  of  1812. 
Also  various  members  of  the  family  were  in 
all  the  Colonial  and  Indian  struggles.  Out  of 
the  seventy-seven  in  the  Revolution,  seventy- 
two  had  Bible  Christian  names,  thus  indicating 
their  Puritanic  origin.  Our  subject  served  all 
through  the  Civil  War  after  his  enlistment  in 
1863.  being  in  the  Seventh  Vermont  Infantry. 
Company  F.  His  only  brother,  Charles  H., 
captain  of  Company  C.  Third  Vermont  In- 
fantry, was  killed  in  the  battle  of  the  W^ilder- 
ness. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  our  subject, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Bath,  New  Hamp- 
shire, on  November  24,  1848,  the  son  of  David 
and  Olive  (Smith)  Burbank,  natives  of  New 
Hampshire  and  \"ermont,  respectively.  The 
father  died  in  Groton,  \'ermont.  in  1863.  The 
mother  died  in  Barnett,  \'ermont.  in  1898.  Our 
subject  was  reared  mostly  in  \'ermont,  the  fam- 
ily moving  thither  when  he  was  four  years  old. 
The  father  was  a  miller  and  our  subject  assist- 
ed him  until  the  time  of  his  enlistment  in  the 
Civil  War.  After  the  war  Andrew  returned  to 
Groton  and  completed  a  course  in  the  academy. 


In  1867  he  came  west  to  Montana  and  there 
mined,  freighted  and  prospected.  In  1883  he 
came  to  Washington  and  soon  thereafter  we 
see  him  near  Ellensburg,  where  he  took  a 
homestead  and  wrought  for  eight  years.  From 
there  ]\Ir.  Burbank  came  to  Wenatchee  and 
selected  his  present  place  on  the  Wenatchee 
river,  three  miles  from  Mission.  He  com- 
menced in  the  fruit  industry  and  since  then  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  it  with  the  gratifying  re- 
sult that  today  Mr.  Burbank  has  an  orchard 
which  would  do  credit  to  the  most  skilled  man- 
nipulator  in  this  excellent  industry.  He  sold 
last  year  over  three  thousand  dollars  worth  of 
apples  from  eight  acres.  He  has  over  thirty- 
five  acres  in  fruit  and  it  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
the  entire  state,  and  where  can  the  state  of 
Washington  be  beaten  for  fruit?  The  farm  is 
improved  with  fine  large  residence,  barns,  fruit 
houses  and  so  forth  and  is  one  of  the  choicest 
places  in  this  section.  Mr.  Burbank  has  two 
sisters.  Flora  Fairchild,  and  Helen  Buchanan. 
On  February  21,  1882.  Mr.  Burbank  mar- 
ried Miss  Ellen  Gray,  and  six  children  have  been 
born  to  them.  Carrie,  wife  of  Joseph  Fetters, 
of  Ellensburg;  Charles.  Edna,  Alice.  George 
D.  and  Olive.  Mrs.  Burbank  was  married  in 
Boise,  Idaho,  and  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Frank.  Lewis,  Orilla.  She  was  born  in 
Maine,  being  the  daughter  of  Eben  and  Phcebe 
(Harris)  Gray,  natives  of  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick.  Canada.  Mr.  Burbank  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  is  often  in  the  county  and  state  con- 
ventions. He  stands  exceptionally  well  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  expert  orchardists 
in  the  valley. 


CONRAD  ROSE,  recognized  as  one  of  the 
energetic,  influential  business  men  of  Wenat- 
chee. Chelan  county,  is  president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Wenatchee  Produce  Company. 
Though  still  a  young  man.  his  residence  in  the 
state  embraces  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  his  business  acquaintance  is  wide. 

He  was  born  in  St.  Clair  county.  Illinois. 
February  6.  1862.  his  father.  Conrad  Rose,  be- 
ing a  native  of  Germany,  and  at  present  a  resi- 
dent of  Trenton.  Missouri.  Arriving  in  the 
United  States  in  i860,  a  few  months  prior 
to  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War,  he  settled  in 
Illinois,  where  he  prosecuted  the  business  of  a 
merchant  tailor.    The  mother.  Elizabeth  (Pike) 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


749 


Rose,  a  native  of  Illinois,  died  in  1871.  At  the 
age  of  four  years  young  Rose  was  taken  by  his 
parents  to  Iowa,  and  it  was  in  this  state  that  he 
received  a  practical  business  education,  ably 
supplemented  by  subsequent  experience  in  a 
general  store  which  he  entered  at  the  age  of 
fourteen. 

Following  a  residence  of  eight  years  in  Mis- 
souri, Conrad  Rose  came  to  Washington,  and 
settled  in  Sprague,  Lincoln  county,  in  1883. 
He  was  at  that  time  twenty  years  old.  He  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
Company  for  two  years  as  fireman,  and  three 
years  as  engineer.  In  1888  he  located  at  We- 
natchee,  where  he  purchased  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  land,  converting  the  same  into  a 
most  eligible  and  productive  ranch.  Four 
years  subsequently  he  sold  this  to  the  Wenat- 
chee  Development  Company,  and  purchased 
forty  acres  one  mile  southwest  of  Wenatchee, 
improving  the  same  to  a  high  degree  of  produc- 
tiveness. Mr.  Rose  formed  a  partnership  in 
1898  with  Leroy  Wright,  and  the  two  engaged 
in  the  present  business.  On  Jaauary  i,  1903, 
they  formed  a  company  under  the  name  of  the 
Wenatchee  Produce  Company,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers :  Conrad  Rose,  president  and 
general  manager;  Leroy  Wright,  vice-presi- 
dent; C.  S.  Crider,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  principal  line  of  business  is  shipping  fruit 
and  various  kinds  of  farm  produce.  The  com- 
pany also  deals  in  cereals,  salt,  seeds,  bee  sup- 
plies, hay  and  grain. 

With  the  steady  and  flattering  growth  of 
Wenatchee  Mr.  Rose  has  been  closely  identified 
since  his  location  in  the  vicinity.  On  the  or- 
ganization of  the  new  county  he  was  appointed 
commissioner,  later  elected  to  the  same  office 
and  re-elected  at  the  last  election.  He  is,  also, 
a  member  of  the  school  board.  Although  Mr. 
Rose  elects  to  reside  on  his  beautiful  ranch  he 
owns  considerable  residence  and  business  prop- 
erty in  Wenatchee.  His  home  residence  is  a 
substantial  two-story  house,  surrounded  by  an 
attractive  lawn,  with  dark  green  alfalfa  fields 
within  the  range  of  vision,  and  a  fine  orchard 
adding  to  the  homelike  scene. 

At  Sprague,  Washington,  our  subject  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  H.  Milner,  December  8, 
1885.  She  was  born  in  England,  where  her  fa- 
ther, Thomas  Milner,  at  present  resides.  A 
half  brother  of  Mrs.  Rose  is  at  present  in  Cali- 
fornia, an   engineer  on  the   Southern   Pacific 


railroad.  Her  sister,  Martha,  is  the  wife  of 
William  Landingham,  of  Wilbur,  Washing- 
ton. Two  half  sisters  of  Mrs.  Rose  are  in  Eng- 
land, Margaret  and  Ellen,  and  three  half  broth- 
ers, John,  Joseph  and  William.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Rose  have  been  born  two  sons,  Philip,  of 
Redlands,  California,  and  George,  now  a  mer- 
chant tailor  at  Everett,  Washington.  They 
have  four  half  brothers,  Edward,  Ashley,  Ben- 
jamin and  John,  merchant  tailors,  Trenton, 
Missouri,  and  two  half  sisters,  Mary,  wife  of 
Harry  Jolly,  and  Fanny,  a  school  girl,  now  liv- 
ing at  Trenton,  Missouri. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Rose  is  a  member  of  River- 
side Lodge,  No.  112,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Wenat- 
chee Chapter,  R.  A.  M.,  No.  479,  B.  P.  O.  E., 
Everett,  Washington,  and  M.  W.  A.,  Wenat- 
chee. Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  not  a 
partisan. 

Mr.  Rose  has  the  following  named  children, 
Mary,  Moss,  Maud,  Thomas  C,  George,  Philip, 
and  Edward. 


ERNEST  F.  SPRAGUE  is  handling  at 
the  present  time,  a  furniture  and  undertaking 
establishment,  which  is  one  of  the  prominent 
business  houses  of  the  town  of  Wenatchee  and 
has  been  since  1901.  Mr.  Sprague  is  one  of 
the  substantial  citizens  of  the  town,  is  a  man  of 
uprightness  and  integrity  and  has  always  so 
conducted  himself  as  to  win  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  all.  He  was  born  in  Sauk  county, 
Wisconsin,  December  5,  1855,  the  son  of  Amos 
P.  and  Susan  (Reed)  Sprague,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  is  descended  from  a  prom- 
inent New  England  family  which  has  always 
played  a  conspicuous  part  in  governmental  af- 
fairs. His  cousin  was  governor  of  Rhode  Isl- 
and and  others  held  leading  positions.  He  died 
in  1877  while  in  Virginia.  The  mother  now 
lives  with  her  son  at  Grand  Forks,  North  Da- 
kota, and  the  Reeds  were  prominent  people  in 
New  England.  Thomas  B.  Reed  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  family.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  district  schools  until  twelve  and  then  com- 
pleted his  training  in  a  business  college. 
When  twelve  he  took  a  man's  place  on  the  home 
farm  until  twenty-five.  Then  he  came  west  and 
learned  painting  and  finishing  and  followed  the 
same  for  many  years  during  summer  months. 
In  the  winters,  he  did  nursing.  In  1897,  Mr. 
Sprague  came  to  Puyallup  and  opened  a  fur- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


niture  and  undertaking  business.  Later  he 
went  to  :\Iontana  and  then  returned  to  Puyal- 
lup,  whence  in  1901  he  came  to  Wenatchee  and 
continued  the  business  he  had  foHowed  on  the 
coast,  and  in  which  we  find  him  engaged  at  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Sprague  handles  a  good 
stock  of  furniture  and  is  also  a  licensed  state 
embalmer. 

Mr.  Sprague  has  three  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter: Amos  D.  and  Frank,  Baptist  ministers; 
Edwin;  and  Clara  M..  wife  of  Fred  Poppy, 
of  Sauk  county.  Wisconsin. 

In  [March.  1884,  Mr.  Sprague  married  Miss 
Nellie  Starks.  at  Reedsburg.  Wisconsin.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  New  Hampshire  and 
her  father  was  a  general  in  the  Mexican  War. 
Later  he  was  warden  of  the  state  penitentiary 
of  Wisconsin  for  many  years.  His  son.  Cap- 
tain John  Starks.  died  from  a  wound  received 
in  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  In  1887  ]\Irs.  Sprague 
died.  Two  children  had  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Sprague,  both  dying  in  infancy.  In  1889 
Mr.  Sprague  married  Bertha  Carr,  of  Reeds- 
burg. Wisconsin,  whose  parents,  Alonzo  and 
]\Iary  (Dearholt)  Carr,  were  natives  of  Ohio. 
The"  father  now  lives  in  Wisconsin.  The 
mother  died  in  1884.  The  children  of  this 
household  are  named  as  follows,  Ernest  R., 
Preston  A.,  Clara  JNI.,  and  Ruth  T.  Mr. 
Sprague  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the 
Yeomen.  In  political  faith  he  is  with  the  Re- 
publicans, and  takes  an  active  part  but  never 
aspires  to  personal  preferment  for  political  po- 
sitions. 


ROBERT  I.  SKILES  has,  in  a  compara- 
tively short  period,  built  up  a  most  lucrative  and 
successful  business  in  real  estate,  loans  and  in- 
surance at  \\'enatchee,  Chelan  county.  He  was 
born  in  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania,  Decem- 
ber 14,  1852. 

John  W.  Skiles.  his  father,  had  a  remark- 
able war  record,  and  his  regiment,  the  Twenty- 
third  Ohio  Infantry,  containad  more  illustrious 
men  than  any  nther  engaged  in  the  Civil  War. 
Among  them  may  be  included  President  Hayes, 
President  McKinley,  Colonel  Stanley  Mat- 
thews, later  Judge  of  the  federal  supreme  court, 
several  lieutenant  governors  of  Ohio,  and  a 
number  of  men  who  have  since  become  prom- 
inent in  railroad  circles.  Captain  Skiles  had  the 
honor  of  succeeding  Major  R.  B.  Hayes,  the 


promotion  being  accorded  to  him  for  bravery 
on  the  field  of  battle.  He  lost  an  arm  at  the 
battle  of  South  Mountain.  From  1890  until 
1893  he  had  charge  of  government  timber  in 
Oregon  and  Washington. 

Cornelia  (Irons)  Skiles,  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Her  father 
was  an  editor  and  conducted  a  number  of  news- 
papers in  that  state  and  was  prominent  in  Ma- 
sonic circles.  Over  his  remains  the  fraternity 
erected  an  imposing  monument.  Politically  he 
was  an  old-line  Democrat,  later  a  RepubHcan. 
He  died  in  1856  at  Uniontown,  Pennsylvania. 

Robert  I.  Skiles,  our  subject,  was  reared  in 
Ohio,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Delaware 
College.  He  came  to  Nebraska,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  stock  business,  feeding  from  four 
to  six  hundred  head  of  cattle.  In  1885-6  he 
went  to  Denver,  Colorado,  and  into  the  real 
estate  business,  which  vocation  he  has  since 
followed  successfully.  Between  1890  and  1901 
he  was  in  San  Diego  and  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  the  latter  year  came  to  Wenat- 
chee, Washington.  He  handles  fruit  ranches, 
city  property  and  the  most  extensive  loan  busi-  , 
ness  in  the  city.  He  has  four  brothers  living, 
John  W,  Jr.,  Charles  E.,  Harry  I..  Ernest  C.  - 
His  two  sisters  are  Cora  Sabin  and  Jennie  By- 
ron. 

At  San  Diego,  California,  our  subject  was 
married  to  Ella  Routson,  March  19,  1892.    She  , 
was  a  native  of  Nebraska,  and  died  November  i 
17.  1898,  aged  twenty-four  years.     Her  father 
is  John  G.  Routson,  and  is  at  present  an  orange 
grower  in  Southern  California.     She  left  onei 
child,  Robert,  now  residing  with  his  grandpar- 
ents.     ]\Irs.   Skiles  had  one  brother  and  two 
sisters,  Edward,  and  Edna  and  Grace,  the  two 
latter  living  with  their  parents  at  San  Diego, 
California. 


REUBEN  A.  BRO\\-N,  engaged  in  diver- 
sified farming  near  ^lonitor  (Brown's  Flat), 
Chelan  county,  was  born  at  New  Albany.  Indi- 
ana. May  3,  1861.  He  is  a  brother  of  Noah; 
N.  and  George  \\'.  Brown,  sketches  of  whom, 
together  with  the  ancestry  of  the  family,  appear 
in  another  portion  of  this  work.  They  reside 
at  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 
New  .\ll)any.  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  liegan 
working   on    a    farm.      Later   he   removed   to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Washington,  and,  leaving  his  parents  at  Van- 
couver, came  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains 
and  engaged  in  driving  stock  through  Oregon, 
Washington  and  Idaho.  In  1884  he  settled  at 
his  present  location,  and  filed  on  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land  on  the  Wenatchee  river, 
eight  miles  from  \\'enatchee.  He  was  the  first 
white  settler  in  the  vicinity.  With  no  capital  he 
commenced  stockraising,  and  was  successful 
for  many  years.  The  winters  were  mild  and 
his  stock  throve  finely.  One  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  of  his  property  is  at  present  under 
cuIti\-ation,  sixty  acres  in  wheat  and  fifteen 
acres  in  alfalfa.  An  orchard  of  fifteen  acres  is 
just  begining  to  be  productive.  He  has  win- 
tered as  many  as  forty-six  head  of  cattle,  raises 
many  hogs  and  has  a  band  of  sheep.  Aside 
from  the  two  brothers  mentioned,  Air.  Brown 
has  one  sister,  Julia  Rowe,  residing  with  her 
husband  at  Dewey,  Oregon. 

Our  subject  was  married,  April  8,  1885,  at 
\'ancouver,  \\'ashington.  His  bride  was  Aliss 
Lucy  R.  Cole,  a  native  of  Minnesota.  Her 
father,  William  Cole,  still  living  at  Vancouver, 
came  to  Washington  in  1882.  He  is  a  farmer. 
Her  mother  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  Urena 
(Ulvin)  Cole.  Her  parents  were  natives  of 
Norway. 

Air.  and  Airs.  Brown  have  nine  children 
living,  Samuel,  Noble,  Ora,  Alaud,  Lutie,  Alel- 
vina,  Abagail,  Grace  and  Robert.  Air.  Brown 
is  a  member  of  the  Alaccabees,  and  a  Repub- 
lican. 

For  many  years  Air.  Brown  has  irrigated 
twenty-two  acres  of  his  land  by  means  of  a 
wheel  in  the  river.  At  present  all  of  his  land 
is  supplied  with  water  from  the  new  Jones  & 
Shotwell  ditch,  greatly  increasing  its  value. 
He  has  recently  offered  fifteen  thousand  dollars 
for  his  property. 


ELLSWORTH  D.  SCHEBLE,  post- 
master of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  and  an 
influential,  progressive  citizen,  is  a  native  of 
Richland  county,  Wisconsin,  born  November 
29,  i860.  His  father,  Albert  C.  Scheble,  a 
native  of  Switzerland,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1832.  His  mother,  Rebecca  (Knapp) 
Scheble,  was  born  in  New  York. 

Our  subject  lived  in  Wisconsin  and  at- 
tended school  there  until   he  was  twentv-two 


years  of  age,  graduating  at  the  high  school 
of  Spring  Green.  Following  this  period,  he 
engaged  in  railroad  work,  and  was  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  people  at  Tacoma,  Olympia 
and  Gray's  Harbor,  in  the  clerical  department 
and  as  camp  foreman.  Three  years  later  he 
came  to  Wenatchee,  Washington,  in  the  spring 
of  1892,  and  here  for  seven  years  he  worked 
for  his  brother,  Frank,  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness. In  1902  he  was  appointed  postmaster, 
succeeding  his  brother,  who  had  served  in  that 
position  over  three  years.  Alention  of  the  sub- 
ject's brothers  and  sisters  is  given  elsewhere  in 
the  sketch  of  Frank  Scheble. 

Air.  Scheble,  our  subject,  owns  considerable 
property  in  Wenatchee,  and  an  interest  in  the 
W.  T.  Rarey  Company.  He  is  a  member  of 
Wenatchee  Lodge,  No.  157,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the 
Rebekahs.  He  is  a  Republican,  actively  in- 
terested in  the  success  of  his  party,  and  for 
two  years  was  chairman  of  the  Republican 
county  central  committee. 


THOAIAS  W.  AIUSGROVE,  AI.  D.,  an 
eminently  successful  and  highly  esteemed  physi- 
cian and  surgeon  of  Alission,  Chelan  county, 
was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  Canada,  Novem- 
ber 4,  1841.  His  father,  Abraham  G.  AIus- 
grove,  was  a  Canadian  farmer,  his  father  an 
Englishman,  his  mother  a  native  of  Germany. 
He  died  in  the  seventy-seventh  year  of  his  age, 
m  1890.  The  mother  of  our  subject.  Alary 
(Balmain)  Alusgrove,  of  Canadian-Scotch  an- 
cestry, still  lives  in  Canada,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
seven  years. 

Thomas  W.  Alusgrove,  until  1889,  made 
his  home  in  Canada,  and  received  an  excellent 
classical  and  professional  education.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  high  and  normal  schools, 
taught  school  seven  years,  and  then  matricu- 
lated in  the  medical  department  of  the  Ann 
Arbor,  Alichigan,  University,  probably  the  best 
medical  preparatory  department  in  the  United 
States.  His  medical  studies  were  completed 
at  Harvard  College,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  honors  in  1871.  Returning  to 
Canada  he  continued  his  practice  for  eight 
years  at  Salisbury  and  Wickham,  New  Bruns- 
wick, going  thence  to  New  York,  where  he 
took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.  New  York  City.    He 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


located  at  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  but  ow- 
ing to  ill  health — asthma— he  came  to  the  P\iget 
Sound  country,  where  he  has  remained  ever 
since.  He  practiced  twelve  years  in  Tacoma, 
Puyallup  and  Fairhaven.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Pierce  County,  Washington,  Medical  So- 
ciety, was  for  two  years  health  officer  of  Puyal- 
lup, and  w-as  secretary  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Medical  Society  four  years.  He  was,  also, 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  New  Brunswick 
militia  one  year,  and  director  of  the  Union  Bap- 
tist Seminary,  New  Brunswick,  located  at  St. 
Martins.  He  has  three  brothers,  George  N., 
A.  Coburn  and  L.  Carlton,  and  three  sisters, 
Eleanor  A.  Thorn,  ]\Iaggie  Killam  and  Henri- 
etta. 

Mr.  Musgrove  has  been  married  three 
times,  in  1865  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Redstone,  who 
died  in  February,  1878;  in  1879  ^o  -^^'ss  Kate 
A.  Taylor,  who  died  in  1884,  and  in  1886  to 
Miss  Matilda  S.  Olive,  now  with  him.  He  is 
the  father  of  seven  daughters,  Ettie  E.  Short, 
Estella  A.  Bart,  Adrianna  McNaughton,  Nellie 
J.,  single,  M.  Isabel,  Hilda  M.  and  Helen  S. 
Mr.  Musgrove  was  married  to  Miss  Olive  at 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  January  3,  1886. 
She  is  a  daughter  of  Isaac  J.  Olive,  who  died 
September  23,  1900.  Her  mother,  Harriet 
Olive,  is  still  living  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven 
years.  She  has  two  brothers,  Herbert  J.,  men- 
tioned elsewhere,  and  George  L.,  a  "deep  sea" 
sailor,  and  one  sister,  Anna  T.,  lives  with  her. 


GEORGE  H.  GRAY,  one  of  the  progres- 
sive and  influential  business  men  of  the  Entiat 
country,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Gray  & 
Son,  resides  at  Entiat,  Chelan  county.  He  was 
born  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  November  6, 
1834,  the  son  of  Horatio  and  Eliza  (Maddin) 
Gray,  both  natives  of  Maine.  Horatio,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  descendant  of  an  old  New- 
England  family,  divided  his  time  between  farm- 
ng  and  lumbering.  The  father  of  Eliza  Gray 
was  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  serving  seven  years. 

George  H.  Gray  was  reared  in  Alaine  until 
the  age  of  twenty,  when  he  went  to  New 
Brunswick.  Canada,  where  he  remained  fifteen 
years,  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  conduct- 
ing a  saw  mill  ten  years.  Following  one  year 
in  the  fish  Imsiness.  at  Warren,  Rhode  Island, 
he  went  to  Anoka.  Minnesota,  where  he  was  in 


the  lumber  business  three  years,  going  thence 
to  Pierce  City,  Idaho,  where  he  engaged  for 
one  year  in  mining,  and  was  five  years  in  the 
lumber  industry.  In  1884  he  went  to  Puget 
Sound,  remained  one  season,  and  then  came  to 
Spokane  and  opened  a  fish  market.  He  then 
located  in  Chelan  county,  twelve  years  ago,  and 
for  several  years  following  engaged  in  logging. 
Twelve  years  since  he  purchased  a  mill  and  is 
now  cutting  twenty  thousand  feet  of  lumber 
daily.  He  owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
on  the  Entiat  river  where  he  cultivates  one  hun- 
dred acres,  raising  hay,  principally.  The  firm 
owns  about  four  thousand  acres  of  timber  land 
on  the  Entiat  and  also  a  fine  mill  site. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, Canada,  to  Cassella  Baker,  daughter  of 
Prince  and  Sarah  (Waldron)  Baker.  Mrs. 
Gray  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gray  have  nine  children  living,  Horatio, 
Charles  E.,  Captain  Isaac  B.,  George  W.,  Min- 
nie, w'ife  of  J.  D.  Bonar,  foreman  for  the  En- 
tiat Improvement  Company;  Eliza,  widow  of 
Charles  Bonnington,  and  now  postmistress  at 
Entiat ;  Harriet,  attending  school  at  Tacoma ; 
Orofino.  with  her  brother-in-law,  at  Bonner; 
and  Ida,  residing  at  home. 

Politically  Mr.  Gray  is  a  Republican,  but 
never  neglects  business  for  politics. 


CHARLES  NORTHUP  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  of  Chelan  county,  who  are  achiev- 
ing by  dint  of  industry  and  wise  management  a 
fine  success  in  general  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing. His  estate  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres, 
lies  about  six  miles  up  Chumstick  creek  from 
Leavenworth  and  is  a  valuable  place.  He  has 
begun  improvements  in  various  lines  and  will 
make  his  place  one  of  the  valuable  ones  of  this 
section. 

Charles  Northup  was  born  in  Marion 
county.  Iowa,  on  June  2,  1873.  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Emily  (Gunter)  Northup,  both  na- 
tives of  Ireland.  The  first  fourteen  years  of  the 
life  of  our  subject  were  spent  in  his  native  place, 
where  he  gained  a  good  education  and  assisted 
his  father  in  farming.  In  1887  the  family  came 
to  Roseburg.  Oregon,  and  after  one  year  jour- 
neyed to  the  Chumstick  valley.  The  father  took 
a  quarter  section  and  purchased  three  quarters 
more  and  is  now  living  here,  one  of  the  leading 
and  substantial  men  of  this  part  of  the  county. 


MRS.  GEORGE  H.  GRAY. 


GEORGE  H.  GRAY. 


CHARLES  NORTHUP. 


GEORGE  E.  COTTRELL. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


753 


The  experiences  of  'Mr.  Northup  in  the 
early  days  of  the  settlement  in  the  Chumstick 
valley  are  interesting.  The  winters  were  long 
and  he  and  his  neighbors  could  get  to  market 
only  about  six  or  seven  months  during  the  year. 
The  nearest  trading  point  was  Ellensburg, 
about  seventy-five  miles  distant.  Wild  game 
was  abundant,  including  deer,  bear,  and  goats. 
I\Ir.  Northup  was  a  pretty  fair  rifle  shot  and 
used  to  keep  his  folks  in  wild  meat  most  of  the 
time.  The  first  few  years  of  his  life  in  this 
vicinity  were  spent  in  trapping.  The  animals 
which  he  trapped  for  fur  were  beaver,  otter, 
lynx,  wolverine,  martin,  fisher,  wildcat,  and 
mink.  A  room  in  Mr.  Northup's  house,  in 
which  he  takes  a  special  pride,  is  one  decorated 
with  fifteen  pairs  of  fine  deer  horns. 

Our  subject  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  Malon,  Ivan,  John,  Zola,  wife  of  ]\Iax 
Stromburg,  living  on  the  Chumstick ;  Lela,  at- 
tending school  at  Vancouver.  Our  subject  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  is  a  good, 
solid  Republican.  Thus  far  in  his  career,  he 
has  traveled  as  a  bachelor,  not  assuming  the 
responsibilities  of  matrimonial  life. 


GEORGE  E.  COTTRELL,  of  Lakeside, 
Chelan  county,  was  born  in  Erie  county  Penn- 
sylvania, July  14,  1S60.  Professionally  he  is  a 
designer  and  boatbuilder,  and  conducts  a  suc- 
cessful business  in  this  line  in  the  lake  country. 
His  parents,  David  H.  and  ]\Iary  J.  (Hare) 
Cottrell,  are  also  natives  of  the  Keystone  state. 
The  father  is  a  descendant  of  Eber  Cottrell, 
who  came  to  America  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  David  H.  Cottrell,  who  is  an  archi- 
tect, now  lives  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  is  descemled  from  Alich- 
ael  Hare,  who  came  from  Waterford,  Ireland, 
about  1680,  and  settled  on  Lake  Champlain, 
later  removing  to  Waterford,  Pennnsylvania, 
Avhere  he  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixteen  years.  He  was  the  earliest 
pioneer  in  that  section,  and  a  monument  is 
erected  in  his  memory  at  that  place.  The  mother 
of  :\Iary  J.  Cottrell  still  resides  in  Waterford 
township  at  the  age  of  eighty-six  years,  an  ac- 
tive, energetic  old  lady.  Her  daughter,  the 
mother  of  our  subject,  lives  with  her. 

George  E.  Cottrell  remained  in  Pennsyl- 
vania until  seventeen  years  of  age,  graduating 
from  the  high  school  of  L^nion  Citv.   Two  vears 


he  followed  the  lakes  as  a  sailor,  and  then  en- 
listed in  the  regular  army,  at  Harrisburg,  Au- 
gust 19,  1879.  At  first  he  was  stationed  at 
David's  Island,  New  York  harbor,  thence  go- 
ing to  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  and  in  May, 
1S80,  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Assinniboine, 
Montana.  In  August,  1884,  he  returned  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  there  employed  in  a 
flouring  mill,  going  thence  to  Denver,  Colorado, 
remaining  but  three  months,  and  then  coming 
to  Spokane,  where  he  worked  in  the  Echo  mills 
until  the  great  fire.  Following  this  disaster  he 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building,  and  in 
1 89 1  secured  the  contract  for  building  a  hotel 
at  Chelan  Falls,  the  edifice  being  owned  bv  L. 
MacLean,  a  sketch  of  whom  appears  elsewhere. 
In  1 892  :Mr.  Cottrell  built  the  Chelan  school 
house,  and  the  same  year  he  brought  his  family 
to  Lakeside  where  they  have  since  remained. 
He  built  the  North  Star  and  Alex  Griggs,  Co- 
lumbia river  boats,  and  a  number  of  other  craft, 
having  been  identified,  more  or  less,  with  the 
building  of  the  entire  lake  fleet,  besides  many 
launches,  canoes,  row  and  sail  boats,  also  the 
auditorium  and  school  house.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  auditorium  company. 

Mr.  Cottrell  has  one  brother,  Clarence  H., 
and  one  sister,  Martha,  widow  of  N.  L.  Braun. 
The  latter  for  many  years  was  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer  in  the  regular  army,  and  con- 
tracted a  fever  at  j\Ianila  from  which  he  died 
at  the  Presidio,  San  Francisco,  in  1899. 

December  16,  1886,  our  subject  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Lydia  Anderson,  a  native  of 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  The  ceremony  was  per- 
formed at  Jamestown,  New  York.  She  died 
September  2  7^.  1894.  His  second  marriage 
took  place  at  Dayton,  Washington,  June  11, 
1896,  the  bride  being  Kate  Fite,  a  native  of 
Illinois.  Her  parents  were  born  in  the  same 
state,  and  at  present  reside  at  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington. ;\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Cottrell  have  three  chil- 
dren, George  M.,  Preston  F.  and  Milton.  Po- 
litically our  subject  is  a  Democrat,  is  active  in 
campaigns  as  business  will  permit,  and  has  on 
several  occasions  been  delegate  to  county  con- 
ventions. 


FRANK  S.  TAYLOR,  postmaster  of 
Leavenworth,  Chelan  county,  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana, March  20,  1853.  His  parents  were  both 
natives  of  New  York,  his  grandfather,    Tohn 


754 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


having  been  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  His 
great-grandfather,  on  his  father's  side,  was  a 
Revohitionary  patriot.  Silas  S.  Taylor,  his 
father,  was  for  many  years  a  leading  physician. 
His  father  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  but  was 
also  a  devout  and  consistent  Methodist  Epis- 
copalian clergyman.  Silas  S.  Taylor  died  in 
Fayette  county,  Iowa,  in  February,  1866.  His 
wife,  the  mother  of  our  subject,  Esther  (Came) 
Taylor,  passed  away  in  Iowa  in  1 870. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  Indiana,  at- 
tending the  public  schools  until  the  age  of 
thirteen  years.  He  then  removed  to  Iowa, 
where  he  lived  until  the  age  of  twenty-eight. 
learning  during  this  time  the  jeweler's  trade. 
Failure  of  his  health  compelled  him  to  seek 
outdoor  employment,  and  for  the  nine  years 
subsequent  he  followed  railroad  business. 
Again  becoming  identified  with  the  jewelry 
trade,  he  opened  a  store  at  Glasgow,  Montana . 
where  he  remained  five  years,  going  thence  to 
Leavenworth,  Chelan  county,  in  1893,  where 
he  now  conducts  a  jewelry  and  watchmaking 
establishment.  December  30,  1902,  he  was 
appointed  postmaster. 

Mr.  Taylor  has  three  brothers  and  one  half- 
sister,  Edward  J.,  Charles  L.  and  Arthur  W., 
residents  of  Iowa,  and  Mary,  wife  of  Byron 
McClure,  of  Michigan. 

December  27,  1892,  Air.  Taylor  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Emma  Denwayes,  a  native  of  St. 
John.  New!  Brunswick.  The  ceremony  was 
performed  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  Mr. 
Taylor  has  two  children  by  his  first  wife,  their 
names  are  Clinton  L.  and  Minnie  M. 

Mr.  Taylor  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Foresters,  and  at  present 
is  district  deputy,  high  chief  ranger  and  senior 
woodward  of  the  high  court.  He  is  also  chief 
ranger  of  Court  Icicle.  Xo.  3553.  of  Leaven- 
worth, Washington. 

Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  has  been 
delegate  to  numerous  county  conventions,  and 
at  present  is  precinct  committeeman.  In  his 
party  affiliations  he  is  an  ardent  and  enthusi- 
astic worker. 


JAMES  RE  A  resides  one  mile  southeast  of 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  where  he  is  engaged 
successfully  in  fruit  growing.  He  is  a  native 
Oregonian,  having  been  born  at  .\uburn.  Baker 
county,  June  15,  1865.     His  father,  James  M. 


Rea,  crossed  the  plains  in  1849  to  California, 
and  in  1862  went  to  Baker  City,  Oregon,  where 
he  engaged  in  mining  on  Griffin's  Gulch.  He 
remained  in  this  vicinity  until  his  death.  April 
4,  1901.  The  mother.  Mary  M.  (Ridgewayj 
Rea,  is  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
and  at  present  resides  at  Baker  City. 

With  the  exception  of  four  years  passed  in 
Idaho,  our  subject  lived  in  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  where  he  teamed,  attended  public 
school  and  high  school,  conducted  a  stage  line 
from  Baker  City  to  Baizley,  the  Elkhorn  mines 
and  other  points,  until  the  fall  of  1892,  when 
he  came  to  Wenatchee.  Here  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  teaming  and  in  1900  purchased  his 
present  home.  He  had  taken  up  eighty  acres 
of  land,  which,  in  1894,  he  sold,  owing  to  a 
mineral  contest,  gold  having  been  found  in  this 
locality. 

Our  subject  has  three  brothers  and  two 
sisters  living,  Frank,  George  and  Edward,  at 
Baker  City,  or  its  immediate  vicinity.  Jennie, 
wife  of  William  Crouter,  a  Baker  county  min- 
ing man,  and  Josephine,  single,  a  student  and 
teacher  of  music,  Kansas  City,  Missouri. 

At  Baker  City,  Oregon,  December  iS.  1898, 
Mr.  Rea  was  married  to  Dora  Wheeler,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  and  Alethia  Wheeler,  mentioned  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  They  have  two 
children,  Evelyn  and  Willie. 

Politically  independent  is  Mr.  Rea.  and  at 
present  he  holds  the  office  of  road  supervisor. 


DAVID  TREAD\^'ELL,  farmer  and  fruit- 
raiser,  residing  near  Mission.  Chelan  county, 
was  born  in  Chambers  county,  Alabama,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1 85 1.  His  father,  Henry  R.  Tread- 
well,  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  and  served  in  the 
confederate  army  during  the  Civil  War.  His 
grandfather  was  in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans, 
where  he  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  British  and 
recaptured  by  his  own  forces  the  next  day. 
Henry  R.  Treadwell  died  at  Port  Angels. 
W'ashington.  in  Alarch,  1901.  The  mother  of 
our  subject,  jNIary  (Richards)  Treadwell,  was 
also  born  in  Georgia,  dying  in  Klickitat  county, 
Washington,  in  1893. 

Our  subject  was  raised  in  Alabama  until  he 
was  twenty-three  years  of  age,  working  on 
farms  and  attending  district  schools.  His 
father  owned  two  sections  of  land  and  twelve 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


755 


slaves,  cultivating  cotton  and  corn.  Going  to 
Texas  in  search  of  a  location,  young  Treadwell 
traveled  four  months,  and  finally  returned  to 
Alabama,  and  in  1S74  went  to  another  county, 
remaining  two  years,  thence  to  Shackleford 
county  for  three  years,  and  then  to  Klickitat 
county,  Washington,  making  a  five  years'  stay. 
In  1887  our  subject  and  his  family  came  to 
Mission,  Chelan  county,  where  he  purchased 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  from  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  paying 
for  it  ten  dollars  an  acre.  This  property  was 
contested  in  the  land  office,  but  Air.  Treadwell 
finally  won  out. 

At  present  he  cultivates  one  hundred  acres, 
fifty  acres  of  which  is  irrigated.  He  has 
twenty-five  acres  in  orchard,  five  acres  bearing 
fruit.  He  devotes  considerable  attention  to 
other  diversified  farming.  He  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Henry  and  Josephine  Dough- 
erty. To  Miss  Emma  Leverett  he  was  united 
in  marriage,  August  26,  1873.  ^'''^  ^^'^^s  a 
native  of  Alabama ;  her  father,  John  Leverett, 
of  Georgia.  He  died  in  1898.  The  mother, 
Mary  (Hester)  Leverett,  died  when  Mrs. 
Treadwell  was  six  years  old.  She  has  two 
brothers  li%'ing,  John  D.  and  Gideon.  Thomas, 
a  half  brother,  died  while  serving  in  the  confed- 
erate army.  She  has,  also,  two  sisters,  Sarah 
Dunson  and  Mattie  Smith.  Mr.  Treadwell  is 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church :  his  wife  of  the 
Missionary  Baptist  church.  They  have  five 
children,  Joel,  Ida,  Ada,  Rosil  and  Mamie.  Ida 
is  a  most  successful  school  teacher  in  Mission, 
and  Ada  is  teaching  school  in  Monroe,  Wash- 
ington. 


CHARLES  E.  BUTTLES,  assessor  of 
Chelan  county,  resides  at  Wenatchee.  He  was 
born  at  the  Old  Bent's  Fort,  Colorado,  De- 
cember 28,  1864.  His  parents,  John  F.  and 
Sarah  A.  (Blinn)  Buttles,  are  Ohioans,  and 
now  reside  at  Wenatchee.  The  ancestors  of 
John  F.  Buttles  were  Revolutionary  patriots, 
and  some  of  them  participated  in  the  War  of 
181 2.  They  were  of  Scotch  descent,  three 
brothers  of  the  family  having  come  to  this 
country  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The  father 
of  our  subject,  reared  in  Ohio,  went  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1852,  where  he  lived  six  years. 
He  then  returned  to  Ohio  where  he  married, 
after  which  he  came  west  to  Colorado  and  en- 


gaged in  mining.  He  was  engaged  in  se\-eral 
Indian  outbreaks,  including  the  Roval  River 
war.  Once  while  crossing  the  plains,  accom- 
panied by  his  wife,  they  were  attacked  by  In- 
dians, and  the  mother  of  our  subject  fought  side 
by  side  with  her  husband. 

Charles  E.  Buttles  was  reared  in  Colorado, 
went  to  Utah  in  1882  and  to  Oregon  in  1886. 
His  education  was  secured  in  Denver,  and  he 
was  graduated  from  the  academy  of  Grant's 
Pass.  In  1 89 1  he  came  to  Palouse  City,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  was  employed  in  a  sash  and 
door  factory.  For  a  year  subseciuently  he  con- 
ducted a  cigar  store,  which  business  he  disposed 
of  in  the  fall  of  1892.  and,  accompanied  by  his 
family,  removed  to  Mullan,  Idaho,  where  he 
and  his  father  worked  in  the  Morning  mine. 
In  the  spring  of  1893  they  all  came  to  Leaven- 
worth, \\'ashington,  and  began  mining,  at  first 
prospecting  for  coal,  which  pro\-ed  unsuccess- 
ful. Abandoning  this  project,  they  turned  their 
attention  to  gold  quartz  mining,  on  Nigger 
creek.  Their  prospect  is  thought  to  be  val- 
uable. In  1896  our  subject  entered  the  em- 
ployment of  George  S.  Merriam,  a  general 
merchant,  in  Leavenworth,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  January  i,  1902,  when  he  came  to 
Wenatchee.  He  was  employed  by  Baker  & 
Bethel  until  March  i,  1903,  when  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  position  of  county  assessor,  to 
which  office  he  had  been  elected,  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket,  in  November,  1902.  'Sir.  But- 
tles has  one  brother.  Jay  F.,  now  acting  as 
deputy  assessor. 

September  i,  1892,  our  subject  was  married 
to  Anna  Inman.  The  ceremony  was  per- 
formed at  Moscow,  Idaho.  Fraternally  Mr. 
Buttles  is  a  member  of  Wenatchee  Aerie,  No. 
204,  F.  O.  Eagles,  of  which  organization  he  is 
chaplain,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of  Leavenworth, 
and  the  I.  O.  Foresters. 


JOSEPH  L.  SHELTON,  a  substantial 
and  highly  respected  farmer  on  Mission  creek, 
Chelan  county,  is  a  genuine  westerner,  having 
been  born  in  Boulder  county,  Colorado,  Jan- 
uary II,  1867.  His  father,  Joseph  M.,  was  a 
native  of  Virginia,  descendant  of  an  old  and 
prominent  family.  He  served  for  years  in  the 
confederate  service,  and  was  taken  prisoner  a 
number  of  times.     He  died  at  Lowell,  Washing- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ton.  in  1894.  The  mother,  Missouri  C.  (Jones) 
Shelton,  was  born  in  ^Missouri,  her  parents  be- 
ing \'irginians.  She  passed  away  at  Everett, 
Washington,  in  November,   1902. 

Joseph  L.  Shehon  remained  in  Colorado 
until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  coming  to 
Ellensburg,  Washington,  in  1881.  Here,  with 
his  parents,  he  raised  stock,  there  being  at  that 
early  period  but  few  settlers  in  his  vicinity.  His 
father  engaged  in  the  horse  raising  business  in 
company  with  T.  C.  Helm,  and  our  subject 
rode  the  range  for  them.  For  eighteen  months 
he  lived  on  Bellingham  Bay,  going  thence  to 
North  Westminster,  British  Columbia,  where 
he  followed  teaming.  He  followed  the  same 
pursuit  in  the  Eraser  river  country,  and  for  two 
years  at  Everett,  Washington.  He  then  traded 
some  Ellensburg  property  for  ninety  acres  of 
land  on  the  Columbia  river,  eight  miles  below 
Wenatchee,  and  in  190J  disposed  of  the  same 
and  purchased  eighty  acres  on  Mission  creek, 
Chelan  county.  Forty-five  acres  of  tliis  is  tilla- 
ble, and  he  has  four  acres  set  out  in  a  promising 
orchard. 

Our  subject  has  three  sisters  living:  Delcie, 
wife  of  Lon  Jones,  of  Puget  Sound ;  Minnie, 
wife  of  T.  G.  Collins,  for  six  years  chief  of 
police  of  Everett,  now  a  builder  and  contractor ; 
and  Pearl,  who  is  still  single,  a  cashier  and  book- 
keeper, of  Everett.  In  February,  1890,  at  Al- 
bany, Oregon,  Mr.  Shelton  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Ida  M.  Howard,  a  native  of  Linn 
county,  Oregon.  Her  parents  were  early  pio- 
neers of  that  state,  and  her  father  is  now  in 
Alaska,  where  he  has  been  for  several  years. 
They  have  two  children.  Hazel,  ten  yars  of  age, 
and  Bertha,  eight  years  old.  Mr.  Shelton  is  a 
member  of  the  Odd  Fellows.  Politically  his 
affiliations  are  with  the  Democratic  party,  al- 
though he  is  not  an  active  campaign  worker, 
and  is  inclined  to  be  independent  on  party 
issues.  He  is  a  highly  respected  and  influential 
citizen. 


HARRY  W.  WENTWORTH,  M.  D.  For 
years  the  magnificent  and  health  giving  climate 
of  Chelan  has  been  known  to  the  dwellers  of 
that  favored  region,  but  it  remained  for  Dr. 
Wentworth  to  open  up  for  the  benefit  of  those 
seeking  health  a  sanitarium  here.  In  the  spring 
of  1900  the  doctor  came  hither  to  enjoy  an 
outing  amid  the  beauty  that  nature   strewed 


with  so  lavish  a  hand  when  she  set  this  gem  of 
the  Cascades.  No  sooner  had  he  discovered  the 
rare  opportunity  here  proffered  than  he  at  once 
set  about  establishing  here  a  sanitarium,  which 
is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  favorite  places 
for  rest  and  recuperation  in  the  northwest. 
Away  from  the  noise  and  commotion  of  the 
rushing,  restless  world,  enveloped  in  the  purest 
air  that  nature  distils,  surrounded  by  all  the 
beauty  her  art  can  furnish,  supplied  with  all  the 
resources  and  delicacies  of  forest,  stream  and 
field,  within  easy  access  of  the  marts  of  the 
world,  its  location  is  unsurpassed.  The  initial 
building  is  one  of  eighteen  large  airy  rooms, 
surrounded  with  pleasant  verandas  and  sup- 
plied with  all  the  later  appliances  known  to  the 
medical  science.  A  complete  set  of  surgical 
appliances,  first-class  electrical  and  N-ray  ap- 
paratus, besides  all  accessories  to  make  the  in- 
j  stitution  both  a  perfect  pleasure,  rest  and  health 
resort  are  some  of  the  equipment  that  Dr. 
Wentworth  has  supplied.  The  institution  indi- 
cates the  man  and  it  will  be  no  surprise  to  our 
readers  when  we  note  the  extensive  research 
and  training  that  have  fitted  Dr.  Wentworth  for 
the  responsible  position  he  is  now  holding. 
After  a  liberal  education  in  the  classics  and  arts, 
he  entered  the  Harvard  Medical  College,  after 
which  he  attended  the  Jeft'erson  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated.  Fol- 
lowing this.  Dr.  Wentworth  took  post-graduate 
courses  in  Philadelphia,  New  York  and  Boston, 
and  consumed  six  years  in  this  important  and 
interesting  research.  Two  years  were  then 
spent  in  practice  at  Chelsea,  Massachusetts, 
after  which  he  again  spent  some  time  in  post- 
graduate work  in  one  of  the  leading  medical 
institutions  of  the  land.  Dr.  Wentworth  is  a 
specialist  in  ear,  nose  and  throat  diseases  and 
ailments  of  a  nervous  character.  He  is  also 
especially  skilled  in  gynecology  as  well  as  in 
diseases  of  children.  The  vast  fund  of  tech- 
nical erudition  the  doctor  has  gained,  besides 
being  naturally  endowed  with  marked  capabili- 
ties in  addition  to  expertness  and  skill,  makes 
him  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  successful 
men  of  the  medical  fraternity  in  the  northwest. 
A  detailed  account  of  his  early  life  will  be  inter- 
esting in  this  connection. 

Harry  W.  Wentworth  was  horn  in  Boston 
on  October  1 1,  1869,  the  son  of  Henry  N.  and  . 
Margaret  (Hill)  Wentworth,  natives  of  Maine. 
Sir  William  Wentworth  landed  in  IMassachu- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


757 


setts  in  1828  and  from  him  comes  the  family  of 
our  subject.  One  of  the  family  was  governor 
in  New  Hampshire  for  twenty-five  years,  and 
the  noted  man  of  finances,  "Long  John"  Went- 
worth,  of  Chicago,  was  another  member  of  this 
prominent  and  leading  family.  The  parents 
now  live  at  Chelsea,  Masachusetts.  I\Irs.  Went- 
worth,  who  was  Miss  Hill,  comes  from  one  of 
the  oldest  American  families  and  to  them  were 
given  great  tracts  of  land  on  the  St,  Croix  river. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  Boston  and  there  re- 
ceived his  literary  education.  He  has  two 
brothers.  Royal  S.  and  Frank  \X.,  and  two  sis- 
ters, Ida  M.  and  Alice. 

At  Seattle,  on  March  30,  1901,  Dr.  Went- 
worth  married  Miss  Lois,  daughter  of  Orson 
and  Rosamond  (Duncan)  Simmons,  natives  of 
Wisconsin  and  Montreal,  respectively.  The 
father  comes  from  a  prominent  New  York 
family  related  to  the  Burrs,  from  whence 
sprang  the  famous  Aaron  Burr.  The  Simmons 
are  a  leading  family  in  Wisconsin.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Simmons  are  now  residing  in  Seattle. 
Mrs.  Wentworth  was  born  in  Kenosha,  Wis- 
consin, on  July  20,  1884.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wentworth,  Mary  M., 
on  June  24,  1903.  Dr.  Wentworth  is  promi- 
nent in  fraternal  affiliations,  being  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  R.  A.  M.,  the  K.  T.,  the 
K.  of  P.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Dr.  Wentworth 
has  recently  purchased  an  additional  thirty 
acres  on  Lake  Chelan  and  will  build  a  larger 
sanitarium. 


LEWIS  DETWILER,  the  earliest  pioneer 
settler  on  the  Entiat  river,  Chelan  county,  is 
a  prosperous  farmer  residing  near  the  town  of 
Entiat.  He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  August 
26.  1850,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Catherine 
(Yeakley)  Detwiler.  both  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  Dutch  ancestry.  They  are  descend- 
ants of  four  prominent  and  distinguished  gen- 
erations. 

Passing  his  boyhood's  days  in  the  Keystone 
state  our  subject,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years, 
removed  to  Wisconsin,  where  for  three  years 
he  was  engaged  in  farm  work.  Thence  he 
went  to  Kansas,  remained  two  years,  returned 
to  his  native  state,  and  two  years  subsequently 
went  to  Wyoming,  where  he  rode  the  range  and 
engaged  in  teaming.  In  1880  he  went  to  Mon- 
tana, and  three  years  from  that  period  he  went 


to  Douglas  county,  Washington,  filing  on 
one  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land.  This  was 
across  the  river  from  Entiat,  and  discovering 
that  the  survey  was  defective,  he  moved  across, 
in  1898,  and  purchased  and  conducted  a  ferry, 
three  miles  below  Entiat,  which  he  still  owns. 
Our  subject  has  one  brother,  John,  who  lives 
at  Seattle. 

During  the  earlier  years  of  his  residence  in 
the  Entiat  country  Mr.  Detwiler  had  several 
narrow  escapes  from  Indians,  who  were  quite 
hostile  at  that  time.  On  one  occasion  the  red- 
skins rushed  in  on  him,  bound  him  and  carried 
him  to  Wenatchee,  delivering  him  up  to  the 
authorities.  The  Indians  at  that  period  stren- 
uously objected  to  the  settlement  of  white  men 
among  them,  but  ]\Ir.  Detwiler  defied  the 
tribes,  and  retained  his  property  in  spite  of  their 
vigorous  objections. 


BRUCE  A.  GRIGGS,  manager  of  the  C. 
&  O.  Steamboat  Company.  Wenatchee,  Chelan 
county,  was  born  at  Grand  Forks,  North  Da- 
kota. March  30,  1874.  His  father,  Alexander 
Griggs,  was  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  of  Scotch 
ancestry.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  began 
a  steamboat  career  on  the  Mississippi  river,  and 
was  engaged  in  this  line  of  business  for  many 
years.  In  1891  he  came  to  Wenatchee  and  built 
the  boats,  JV.  H.  Pringle,  Selkirk,  and  Gerome, 
and  purchased  others.  These  boats  he  ran  up 
to  the  period  of  his  death,  January  25,  1903. 
The  mother,  Hattie  T.  (Strong)  Griggs,  is  a 
native  of  Connecticut,  and  now  resides  at  We- 
natchee. Alexander  Griggs,  the  father,  was 
for  a  time  in  partnership  with  James  J.  Hill,  in 
the  east,  the  firm  name  being  Hill  «&  Griggs. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 
North  Dakota,  graduating  from  the  high  school 
and  the  North  Dakota  University,  at  Grand 
Forks.  Since  coming  to  W^enatchee  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  steamboat  business  exclu- 
sively, and  has  held  master's  and  pilot's  papers 
since  1898.  He  has  three  brothers,  Clifford 
C,  James  J.  H.,  and  Ansel,  and  three  sisters, 
Lois  A.  Pringle,  Mary  J.,  and  Esther  M.  Sea- 
man. 

At  Hinsdale,  Illinois,  January  16,  1896, 
our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  to  Rose  E. 
Bassett,  a  native  of  North  Dakota.  Her  fa- 
ther is  a  merchant  of  Brewster,  Washington. 


758 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Her  mother,  Alice  (Goodrich)  Bassett,  is  dead. 
Mrs.  Griggs  has  one  brother,  John  E.,  living 
at  Brewster.  Her  child,  Alexander,  is  aged  five 
years.  Both  herself  and  husband  are  members 
of  the  Episcopal  Church.  ^Irs.  Griggs  is  a 
highly  accomplished  lady,  having  been  educated 
at  the  University  of  North  Dakota,  and  is  a 
cultured  performer  on  a  number  of  musical  in- 
struments. 

Mr.  Griggs'  political  affiliations  are  confined 
to  neither  one  of  the  dominant  parties,  he  being 
an  Independent.  He  is  a  member  of  Valley 
Lodge,  No.  ii6,  K.  P.,  and  the  Commercial 
Club. 


CLAUS  E.  HANSEN  is  a  pioneer  steam- 
boat man,  having  spent  the  greater  portion  of 
his  life  since  reaching  his  majority  upon  the 
water.  He  was  born  April  17,  1858,  in  Den- 
mark, the  son  of  Claus  and  Mary  (Husted) 
Hansen,  natives  of  Denmark.  Both  parents 
died  in  1871,  the  mother's  death  occurring  six 
months  previous  to  the  father's. 

Our  subject  received  his  education  at  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  place. 
In  1874  he  bade  farewell  to  his  old  home,  and 
up  to  the  present  time  has",  with  the  exception 
of  short  intervals,  been  a  sailor.  He  sailed  out 
of  New  York  for  two  years,  served  in  the  Uni- 
ted States  Navy  the  next  three  years,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Mare  Island.  Cali- 
fornia, in  May,  1881.  He  then  came  to  Walla 
Walla  on  a  visit,  but  soon  tired  of  the  land,  and 
the  old  longing  for  his  life  upon  the  water  took 
possession  of  him,  so  he  accepted  a  position  on 
the  steamboat  again,  and  continued  in  the  same, 
until  the  year  1S98,  having  served  in  almost 
every  capacity  on  the  boat,  and  has  held  ;Mas- 
ters  papers  since  1888.  During  these  years 
just  mentioned,  he  was  captain  of  the  first 
steamboat  plying  on  the  upper  Columbia  from 
Pasco  to  the  Okanogan  river.  The  third  sea- 
son he  was  master,  and  the  following  winter 
was  master  of  the  Great  Northern  Transfer 
boat.  He  took  the  Oregon  up  into  Sawyer's 
Lake  in  1896.  being  the  first  and  only  steam- 
boat to  make  a  trip  that  far.  He  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  one 
year  on  the  Yukon,  and  since  1901  has  been 
steadily  engaged  in  the  employ  of  the  govern- 
ment on  the  rivers,  harbors,  and  so  forth.  His 
home  is  located  on  the  Okanogan  river,  near 


Alma,  where  he  owns  a  ranch.  He  has  one 
brother  living  whose  home  is  in  Kansas. 

On  January  2,  1895,  ^^r.  Hansen  married 
Alma  L.,  daughter  of  William  R.  and  Louise 
(Haney)  Kahlon.  natives  of  Germany  and 
Nova  Scotia,  respectively,  and  now  living  at 
Alma.  Mrs.  Hansen  has  one  sister.  lone,  wife 
of  S.  Griggs,  of  Wenatchee. 

Mr.  Hansen  is  a  Republican  and  also  a 
member  of  the  K.  P. 


JOHN  B.  WAPATO  dwells  on  an  allot- 
ment of  six  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  eight  miles 
up  the  lake  from  Chelan.  He  is  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Hyacinth,  members  of  the  Entiat 
tribe,  and  was  born  in  Wenatchee  on  July  i, 
1 88 1.  When  of  the  proper  age.  John  B.  was 
sent  to  the  Carlisle  school,  Pennsylvania,  and 
there  received  his  education.  Since  his  return, 
he  has  given  himself  to  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the 
Chelan  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cath- 
olic church.  Politically  he  is  a  good  strong 
Republican. 


SA^IUEL  E.  MORICAL  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois on  October  7,  1866.  His  father,  William 
Morical,  was  born  in  West  \^irginia,  on  j\Iay 
17,  1819,  and  is  now  living  in  Alinnesota.  His 
mother.  Harriett  ]\Iorical.  died  when  Samuel 
was  three  years  of  age.  The  grandparents  were 
natives  of  Virginia.  Our  subject  has  two 
brothers,  IMartin  S.  and  William  H.,  and  two 
sisters,  Jennie,  wife  of  G.  W.  Gillen.  of  ilinne- 
sota,  and  Emma,  wife  of  George  Spencer, 
dwelling  on  the  Entiat.  Our  subject  was  taken 
from  Illinois  to  Indiana  when  three  years  of  age 
and  remained  in  the  latter  state  until  ten,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  secured  three  months'  school- 
ing, all  that  he  ever  received.  However,  he  has 
been  diligent  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge  dur- 
ing the  years  since  and  by  personal  research  has 
become  a  well  informed  man.  From  Indiana, 
he  went  to  Minnesota  and  there  dwelt  eleven 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  period,  he  came  di- 
rect to  the  Entiat  valley  and  for  two  years  was 
occupied  in  sawmilling.  Then  he  homesteaded 
one  hundred  and  sixtv  acres,  where  he  now 
dwells.  He  has  improved  the  place  in  a  good 
manner,  having  an  excellent  orchard,   fences. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


759 


cultivated  fields,  and  so  forth,  besides  buildings. 
In  1902,  Mr.  Morical  erected  a  fine  residence 
and  the  same  was  burned  with  all  its  contents  a 
year  later.  He  expects  in  the  near  future  to 
build  another  dwelling. 

On  August  13,  1S92.  in  the  Entiat  valley, 
Mr.  Morical  married  Miss  Alice  Cannon  and  to 
this  union  two  children  have  been  born,  Noel, 
aged  three,  and  Ruth,  an  infant. 

Mr.  an-d  Mrs.  Morical  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church  and  stand  well  in  the  commun- 
ity. In  political  matters,  he  is  entirely  inde- 
pendent and  always  takes  an  active  interest  in 
this  field  as  well  as  in  local  affairs. 


CAPTAIN  RICHARD  W.  RIDDLE, 
master  mariner  and  shipbuilder,  and  eminent 
in  his  profession,  resides  at  Lakeside,  Chelan 
county.  He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
January  2^.  1840,  the  son  of  Hiram  and  Betsy 
C.  (Whittier)  Riddle,  both  natives  of  the  Gran- 
ite state.  The  paternal  great-grandfather  of 
our  subject  came  from  Scotland,  was  a  captain 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  with  Wash- 
ington at  Valley  Forge,  crossing  the  Delaware 
with  him.  He  was  a  man  of  large  stature, 
weighing  two  hundred  and  eighty  pounds,  and 
of  Herculean  strength.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject was  a  farmer,  dying  in  1881  at  North- 
'  field,  Minnesota.  The  mother  was  a  relative 
of  John  Greenleaf  Whittier,  the  poet.  Her  fa- 
ther although  a  farmer,  was  a  college  graduate. 
When  Richard  W.  was  fifteen  years  of  age 
his  family  removed  to  ^Minnesota,  and  there  he 
remained  until  1888,  learning  the  ship  car- 
penter's trade  at  Minneapolis.  He  also  fol- 
lowed steamboating,  and  in  that  year  he  went 
to  Puget  Sound,  where  he  built  steamers,  in- 
cluding the  tug  Mascot,  the  steamer  Enigma, 
on  Lake  Washington,  afterward  taken  onto  the 
sound,  and  of  which  he  was  part  owner  and 
captain  eight  years.  He  bought  the  Edith  E., 
and  built  the  Abe  Perkins,  on  Lake  ^^'ashing- 
ton,  but  in  1900  he  sold  out  his  holdings  in  the 
Puget  Sound  country,  and  came  to  Chelan 
county.  Here  he  built  the  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
Flyer  and  Che  Chahco,  now  in  possession  of 
Captain  Shotwell.  Our  subject  is  interested 
in  mining  claims  up  the  lake,  and  owns  a  home 
on  the  lakeshore.  He  has  one  brother,  James 
A.,  now  of  Northfield,  Minnesota,  and  one  sis- 


ter, Mary  E.,  wife  of  William  A.  Smith,  and 
postmistress  of  Spencerbrook,  Minnesota,  which 
position  she  has  held  twenty  years. 

December  4,  1861,  ac  Farmington,  Minne- 
sota, our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Rachel  A.  Brocks,  a  native  of  Ohio,  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Rachel  (Hellings)  Brooks,  both 
born  in  Pennsylvania.  Her  father  was  an  early 
Ohio  pioneer  and  of  the  English  Brooks  fam- 
ily, colonial  settlers.  The  ancestors  of  her 
mother  were  from  Ireland.  Mrs.  Riddle  is  a 
graduate  of  the  Toledo,  Ohio  high  school.  Mr. 
and  Mr=  Riddle  have  two  children,  Hiram  A., 
of  Lakeside,  who  holds  masters'  and  engineers 
papers,  and  is  engineer  in  charge  of  the  fleet  on 
Lake  Chelan;  and  Myrta  B.,  wife  of  Stephen 
F.  Ward,  a  marine  engineer  at  Seattle. 

Mr.  Riddle  is  a  member  of  Golden  Link 
Lodge.  No.  150,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Seattle,  of 
which  he  is  past  grand ;  and  Seattle  Lodge,  No. 
51,  K.  P.  Politically  his  affiliations  are  with 
the  Republican  party,  although  he  is  not  an  ac- 
tive campaigner 


LYMAN  R.  COLT,  residing  three  miles 
west  of  Lakeside,  Chelan  county,  was  born  in 
Orange,  New  Jersey,  January  5,  1868.  His 
father,  Morgan  G.,  a  native  of  Paterson,  New 
Jersey,  is  of  a  family  of  early  New  England 
settlers.  His  father,  the  grandfather  of  Lyman 
R.,  was,  practically,  the  founder  of  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  put  in  the  dam  and  built  many 
miles  of  raceway,  and  organized  the  society  for 
the  establishment  of  useful  manufactories. 
This  is  chartered  by  the  state,  giving  them  ab- 
solute control  of  the  Passaic  river  watershed. 
He  died  in  1863,  leaving  a  large  estate  to  his 
heirs.  The  father  of  our  subject  died  in  1894. 
The  mother,  Mary  (Borrowe)  Colt,  was  bom 
in  New  York  city,  descendant  of  an  old  Eng- 
lish family.  Her  mother  was  a  Beekman,  of 
the  old  Knickerbocker  stock. 

Lyman  R.  Colt  was  graduated  from  Col- 
umbia College,  class  of  189 1.  He  came  to  Lake 
Chelan  in  1899,  following  a  trip  to  Alaska. 
Pleased  with  the  attractiveness  of  this  section 
of  W^ashington,  he  purchased  thirty  acres  of 
land,  and  leased  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
school  land,  built  a  log  bungalow,  with  nine 
rooms,  and  also  a  large  barn.  Mr.  Colt  is  an 
enthusiastic  admirer  of  the  countrv,  and  has 


760 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


explored  it  for  many  miles  in  the  vicinity  ot 
the  lake.  It  is  his  e.xpressed  intention  to  make 
of  his  place  a  model  home.  He  owns  a  splen- 
did, registered,  brown  Swiss  bull  and  cow,  and 
proposes  to  breed  blooded  stock.  It  is  appar- 
ent that  our  subject's  love  for  animals  is  inher- 
ited from  his  grandfather.  The  latter  was  one 
of  the  tirst  American  importers  of  Alderney 
cattle,  and  he  was  presented,  by  Daniel  Webs- 
ter, with  two  sacred  India  cows.  He  was 
awarded  many  prizes  for  stock  exhibits  and  did 
much  in  his  lifetime  to  improve  the  stock  of 
the  country. 

Our  subject  has  one  brother,  iMorgan,  an 
architect,  of  New  York  City,  and  two  sisters, 
Jane  and  Sarah,  residents  of  New  York.  His 
mother  died  in  18S8.  Fraternally  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Delta  Psi  Fraternity,  of  Columbia 
College. 


ADOLPH  SCHRADER  was  born  in  Ger- 
many on  April  9,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Adolph 
and  Dorothea  (Norman)  Schrader.  natives  of 
Germany  and  Copenhagen,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  prominent  physician  in  his  coun- 
try and  there  remained  until  his  death.  Our 
subject  had  four  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Charles,  deceased;  Otto,  living  in  Spokane; 
Herman,  in  Australia;  William,  a  deep  sea 
sailor;  Adelaide,  wife  of  W.  Him,  in  Germany; 
and  Louise,  wife  of  John  P.  Bruhn,  also  in 
Germany.  Our  subject  received  a  classical  edu- 
cation from  some  of  the  best  institutions  in 
Germany,  and  graduated  in  medicine,  after 
which  he  took  a  complete  civil  engineering 
course  in  the  polytechnic  school  at  Wurtem- 
berg.  Preferring  the  latter  profesion  to  any 
other,  he  gave  himself  to  it,  and  was  more  or 
less  during  his  entire  life,  engaged  in  civil  en- 
gineering. Before  he  left  Germany  he  served 
in  the  Franco-Prussian  war,  and  in  1877  came 
from  the  fatherland  to  Dakota.  There  he  took 
land  and  remained  for  nearly  two  years,  when 
he  journeyed  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington. 
When  Asotin  county  was  formed,  he  was  ap- 
pointed surveyor  and  was  elected  to  the  same 
position  three  times  thereafter.  Following 
this  long  term  of  service,  he  went  to  the  coast, 
prospecting  from  Idaho  to  the  sound  and  finally 
returned  to  the  Chelan  country.  He  made  his 
headquarters  at  Chelan  and  has  remained  here 
since,  engaged  in  prospecting  and  mining.    Mr. 


Schrader  has  some  very  valuable  property  on 
the  reservation  which  is  showing  fine  in  copper. 
In  political  matters,  our  subject  is  allied 
with  the  Republican  party  and  in  religious  per- 
suasion is  classed  with  the  Lutherans.  He  also 
belongs  to  the  order  of  jolly  bachelors,  having 
never  seen  fit  to  sever  his  relations  from  that 
connection. 


FRED  PFLAEGING  has  been  promin- 
ently connected  with  the  Chelan  country  for 
more  than  a  decade  and  in  various,  ofticial  ca- 
pacitites  as  well  as  in  important  private  enter- 
prises, has  rendered  services  that  have  resulted 
in  great  good  to  this  section.  Long  before 
Chelan  county  was  organized  he  was  a  leader 
in  the  Chelan  country.  During  all  his  years  of 
residence  here  he  has  been  known  as  one  of  the 
substantial  and  prominent  business  men  whose 
excellent  success  in  various  lines  testify  both  to 
his  skill  and  ability. 

Fred  Pflaeging  was  born  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  October  8,  1862,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Katherine  (Schmidt)  Pi^aeging,  na- 
tives of  Germany.  They  came  to  the  Unitec 
States  in  the  fifties,  settled  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
later  removed  to  Kentucky  and  in  1885  the 
mother  died  in  Omaha,  Nebraska.  The  father 
followed  m.erchandising  in  these  various  places 
and  now  dwells  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
In  the  primary  and  high  school  at  Omaha,  at 
Tabor  college,  Tabor,  Iowa,  and  in  the  Wyman 
Business  College  of  Omaha  our  subject  re- 
ceived his  educational  training.  He  then  en- 
tered the  empoly  of  the  Willow  Springs  Dis- 
tilling Company  as  errand  boy,  and  later  was 
advanced  to  the  position  of  book-keeper,  which 
he  held  for  fifteen  years.  In  1891  he  came  to 
Lake  Chelan  as  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Washington  Land  and  Investment  Company, 
whose  operations  are  part  of  the  Chelan  county 
histor}-.  He  had  charge  of  the  books  of  this 
company  until  1895,  when  they  went  out  of 
business.  During  this  time  he  filed  on  a  home- 
stead and  set  out  an  orchard  of  three  thousand 
trees,  which  property  he  sold  in  1892.  In 
1896  our  subject  operated  the  largest  hotel  in 
Tacoma,  then  retired  to  the  ranch  until  1898. 
He  was  elected  auditor  of  Okanogan  county, 
having  run  on  the  Republican  ticket.  He  dis- 
charged the  trying  duties  of  this  office  in  a  very 
becoming  manner.    At  this,  particular  time  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


761 


office  was  a  very  difficult  one  to  fill  on  account 
of  the  fact  that  many  important  questions  had 
to  be  settled.  In  various  instances  there  was 
much  high  feeling  on  both  sides  of  the  matter. 
He  was  nominated  the  second  time  for  the  of- 
fice, and  although  he  ran  two  hundred  ahead 
of  his  ticket  he  was  defeated  by  thirty-five 
votes.  Then  Mr.  Pflaeging  returned  to  Che- 
lan and  opened  a  laundry  business,  which  he  is 
continuing  at  the  present  time.  He  owns  a 
handsome  and  cosy  home,  with  four  and  one- 
half  acres  of  land,  just  west  of  Chelan,  and  is  a 
prosperous  business  man.  Mr.  Pflaeging  has 
one  brother.  \V.  T.,  and  one  sister,  Louise  Daly 
and  one  half  brother,  Michael  li. 

On  November  27,  1892,  in  Tacoma,  Mr. 
Pflaeging  married  Rliss  Cora  H.,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  T.  and  Phillis  A.  (Tenkell)  Hull, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Ohio,  respectively. 
The  father  died  on  March  17.  1887,  aged 
eighty-two,  the  mother,  who  is  eighty  years 
of  age,  is  dwelling  with  our  subject  and  is  hale 
and  hearty  at  this  advanced  age.  Mrs.  Pflaeg- 
ing has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Rosell,  Clarence,  George,  David.  Lamott, 
Mary  ]\Iillard  and  Lucretta  Smith.  To  j\lr. 
and  Mrs.  Pflaeging  two  children  have  been 
born,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Pflaeging  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  K.  P.  and  is  past  C.  C.  of  that  lodge. 
He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  been  a  prom- 
inent figure  in  county  and  state  conventions. 
Mrs.  Pflaeging  was  well  educated  and  quali- 
fied herself  for  the  post  of  teaching.  Our  sub- 
ject and  his  estimable  wife  are  both  well  re- 
spected people  and  are  among  the  leading  citi- 
zens of  Chelan  countv. 


WILLIAM  B.  MOORE  settled  in  Chelan 
some  two  years  since  and  has  devoted  himself 
to  prospecting  and  mining,  being  one  of  the 
leading  men  in  this  line  in  the  lake  district.  He 
was  born  in  Cecil  county,  Maryland,  on  Janu- 
ary 31,  1845,  the  son  of  Walter  and  Eliza  A. 
(White)  Moore,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  was  a  prominent  physician,  being  sur- 
geon of  the  B.  &  O  railroad.  On  account  of 
his  abolitionist  principles  he  was  forced  to  flee 
from  West  Virginia,  and  the  railroad  company 
sent  a  train  and  rescued  his  family.  He  was  a 
strong  Republican  and  died  in  1900.  The 
mother  died  in  Smithfield,  Ohio,  in  1874.     Her 


ancestors  had  dwelt  in  Pennsylvania  for  many 
generations.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Vir- 
ginia until  he  was  sixteen  and  then  went  with 
the  family  to  Ohio,  where  he  enlisted  in  the 
Seventeenth  Ohio  Infantry,  serving  from  Sep- 
tember, 1 861,  to  July,  1865.  He  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Perrysville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge. 
Siege  of  Atlanta,  and  was  with  Sherman  to  the 
sea.  Following  the  war  he  engaged  as  sutler 
for  the  Twenty-fourth  United  States  Infantry 
at  Vicksburg  and  Galveston,  until  the  spring 
of  1868.  Then  he  sold  out  and  invested  in  cat- 
tle, taking  them  to  Idaho.  Disposing  of  them, 
he  went  to  Colorado  and  mined.  Since  then 
he  has  devoted  himself  to  mining  and  has  op- 
erated in  Arizona,  Nevada,  and  in  1882,  with  a 
party  of  ten,  went  to  Alaska  and  located  the 
first  claim  on  the  Forty  Mile  creek.  During 
the  summer  he  went  down  the  river  and  took 
steamer  to  San  Francisco.  Later  he  came  to 
Stevens  county,  of  this  state,  and  in  1901,  came 
thence  to  Chelan,  where  he  has  been  residing 
since.  Mr.  Moore  has  one  brother,  James  W., 
mining  superintendent  in'Leadville. 

On  December  25,  1877,  Mr.  Moore  married 
Miss  Mary  G.,  daughter  of  William  and  Pau- 
line (Roland)  Phillips,  natives  of  England 
and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  crossed 
the  plains  to  California  in  1849,  later  located 
at  Salem,  Oregon,  as  a  tinsmith  and  finally 
went  into  the  hardware  business  there.  In 
i860  he  went  to  Walla  Walla  and  engaged  in 
business  and  when  he  died  in  1873,  he  left  a 
fortune  of  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  The 
mother  is  now  dwelling  in  Douglas  county. 
Mrs.  Moore  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Charles,  Frank,  Ned ,  Esther,  Alice 
Goldman.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  one  child 
has  been  born,  A'irginia,  aged  twelve.  Mr. 
I\Ioore  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  in  Chelan. 
He  and  his  wife  are  estimable  people  and  he 
is  to  be  credited  with  excellent  eft'ort  in  devel- 
oping and  improving  the  country. 


LEVI  W'.  MITCHELL.  The  Entiat  val- 
ley has  been  settled  by  a  class  of  industrious 
people,  who  have  changed  the  contour  of  the 
country  from  a  wilderness  to  a  place  which 
blossoms  as  the  rose.  Among  the  young  men 
who  are  laboring  here  we  may  mention  the  sub- 


762 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ject  of  this  article,  wiio  settled  sixteen  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Entiat  river,  in  1900. 
He  took  a  homestead  at  that  time  and  also  pur- 
chased later  two  hundred  acres  from  the  rail- 
road company,  giving  him  a  tine  large  estate. 
He  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  also 
to  mining.  He  is  beginning  to  improve  the 
place  in  first  class  shape 

Levi  W.  Mitchell  was  born  in  Buchanan 
county,  Iowa,  in  January,  1S67,  the  son  of  Con- 
rad and  Susan  (Laps)  Mitchell,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Canada,  respectively.  The 
father  died  in  Iowa.  The  children  of  the  fam- 
ily are  named  as  follows  :  Andrew ;  George 
H. ;  Abraham  J\I. ;  Charles ;  Lizzie,  wife  of  L. 
Free;  Phoebe,  wife  of  J.  Abbott;  Mary,  wife 
of  John  Gage;  Annie,  wife  of  P.  Babcock; 
Rosa,  wife  of  D.  Dilahan ;  Emma,  wife  of  A. 
W'ilkie;  Nettie,  and  two  who  are  deceased.  Our 
subject  spent  the  earlier  days  of  his  youth  in 
Iowa,  where  he  gained  his  education,  then  came 
on  west  to  Nebraska.  He  traveled  through 
various  portions  of  that  state  and  those  states 
lying  adjacent,  gaining  considerable  more  of 
an  advanced  education  in  Nebraska.  From 
Ewing,  in  that  state,  he  traveled  to  Pendleton, 
Oregon,  with  team,  and  thence  to  Red  Bluff, 
California,  and  finally  from  that  place  in  1900 
tn  the  Entiat  valley.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  identified  with  the  improvement  and  prog- 
ress of  this  section. 

Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  Republican  and  a  strong 
church  worker.  He  is  still  identified  with  the 
realm  of  the  bachelor  and  is  considered  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  vallev. 


FRED  REE\'ES.  This  popular  and  well 
known  young  business  man  of  Wenatchee  is 
deserving  of  especial  mention  in  any  work  that 
purports  to  outline  the  careers  of  the  leading 
men  of  central  Washington,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  grant  to  him  representation. 
He  was  born  in  Elsworth,  Kansas,  on  Septem- 
ber 8.  1874.  the  son  of  Isaac  W.  and  Susan  C. 
(German)  Reeves,  who  are  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  volume.  Our  subject  began  his 
educational  training  in  his  native  place  and 
then  with  his  parents  came  to  Idaho,  when  lie 
was  fourteen.  They  settled  at  Chloride,  on  the 
Pend  d'Oreille,  where  they  mined.  Later  they 
came  to  Spokane  and  while  the  balance  of  the 
family  soon  went  to  Wenatchee,  he  remained 


in  Spokane,  working  at  various  occupations 
and  for  a  time  kept  books  for  the  Standard  Oil 
Company.  In  1893  ^^r.  Reeves  resigned  his 
position  there  and  took  an  interest  with  his 
brother,  who  was  in  the  printing  business  in 
Leavenworth.  Our  subject  was  variously  in- 
terested for  some  time  and  in  1899  bought  one- 
half  interest  in  the  Advance,  a  paper  formerly 
owned  by  his  brother.  Later  '\lr.  Reeves 
bought  out  his  partner,  A.  H.  Bosworth,  and 
conducted  the  business  alone  until  June,  1902, 
when  he  sold  the  entire  plant  to  A.  S.  Lindsay. 
Since  then  ]Mr.  Reeves  has  devoted  himself  en- 
tirely to  the  study  of  law,  which  has  always 
been  his  desire.  Formerly  he  gave  much  time 
to  reading  in  this  line,  and  in  fact  has  always 
been  storing  his  mind  with  legal  lore.  One 
year  since  he  was  admitted  to  practice  before 
the  courts  of  the  state  and  the  future  is  bright 
with  great  promise  of  a  splendid  career  for  Air. 
Reeves  in  the  legal  profession.  He  has  al- 
ready manifested  an  aljility  and  native  acumen, 
which,  coupled  with  a  first-class  fund  of  infor- 
mation, place  him  abreast  with  the  profession, 
where  he  stands  exceedingly  well.  In  1900 
Mr.  Reeves  was  a  candidate  for  presidential 
elector  on  the  democratic  ticket.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  secretary  of  the  county  central 
committtee  and  also  held  the  same  position  in 
the  chamber  of  commerce  until  the  Commercial 
Club  was  organized,  which  merged  all  in  itself 
in  1903.  Mr.  Reeves  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
P.,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  M.  W.  A. 


EDWARD  D.  NORTHUP,  who  now  re- 
sides on  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  Chum- 
stick  valley,  was  the  first  man  to  blaze  a  trail 
into  this  section,  fifteen  years  ago.  He  took 
a  homestead  and  also  bought  one-half  section 
of  land  from  the  railroad  company,  and  to  the 
cultivation  of  this  property  he  has  devoted 
himself  almost  entirely  for  six  years.  How- 
ever, Mr.  Northup.  seeing  the  demand  for  lum- 
ber, erected  a  small  sawmill  and  operated  the 
same  for  several  years.  He  also  conducted  a 
lumber  yard  in  Leavenworth  for  about  five 
years  in  addition  to  his  farming.  His  estate  is 
well  located  and  produces  abundant  crops  an- 
nually. He  is  known  as  one  of  the  most  relia- 
ble and  substantial  men  of  the  section,  and  is 
highly  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 

Edward   D.   Northup   was  born   in   Jasper 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


7^2, 


county,  Iowa,  April  2,  1856,  the  son  of  Malon 
H.  and  Anna  (Wilcox)  Northup,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  The  father  served  throughout 
the  war,  enlisting  twice,  being  most  of  the  time 
in  the  Fortieth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  died  in  1890 
from  disease  contracted  in  the  war.  The 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  an  infant, 
and  he  was  taken  by  R.  B.  Wilkinson,  of  Ken- 
tucky, with  whom  he  lived  the  succeeding  six- 
teen years.  During  this  time  he  did  general 
farming,  was  in  a  sawmill  and  there  gained  his 
education.  Mr.  Northup  remarks'  that  the 
teacher  who  instructed  him  in  Kentucky  was 
a  very  thorough  man,  both  in  books  and  in 
thrashing,  but  notwithstanding  this  latter,  he 
would  rather  shake  hands  with  him  than  any 
man  he  knows.  During  the  budding  years  of 
early  manhood,  Mr.  Northup  began  traveling 
and  until  188S  he  continued  his  journeys  to 
almost  every  portion  of  the  globe,  both  by  land 
and  by  water.  Seven  times  he  crossed  the  plains 
and  finally,  in  1888,  he  came  to  Chumstick  val- 
ley, and  as  stated  above,  blazed  the  way  to  his 
place  eight  and  one-half  miles  above  Leaven- 
worth. He  soon  brought  in  his  family  and  his 
daughter,  Lelia,  was  the  first  child  born  in  this 
valley. 

On  August  29,  1875,  in  Lucas  county, 
Iowa,  j\Ir.  Northup  married  Miss  Rachel  E. 
Gunter,  a  native  of  Iowa.  To  this  union  the 
following  children  have  been  born,  Zola,  Lelia, 
Charles,  i\Ialon,  John,  Ivan  and  two  deceased. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Northup  belong  to  the  Congre- 
gational church  and  are  devout  supporters  of 
the  faith.  Mr.  Northup  has  labored  very  ex- 
tensively to  help  beautify  the  country  and  gave 
fifty  dollars  to  assist  in  building  the  first  school 
house  in  the  valley.  It  was  constructed  before 
there  was  one  in  Leavenworth.  He  is  a  strong 
Republican  and  has  held  various  offices,  as 
school  director  and  road  supervisor. 


CHARLES  E.  STOHL.  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful business  men  of  the  younger  generation 
in  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  is  pre-eminently 
a  self-made  man.  From  a  small  beginning  he 
has  built  up,  within  the  past  three  years,  a  most 
lucrative  enterprise  in  the  carriage  and  wagon- 
building  line. 

Our  subject  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  his  pa- 
rents, Carl  J.  and  Sophia  (Anderson)  Stohl. 
The  father  was  a  carriage  builder  and  for  many 


years  conducted  an  extensive  factory,  employ- 
ing as  high  as  fifty  workmen.  Both  the  parents 
were  natives  of  Sweden,  where  they  continued 
to  reside  during  their  lives. 

Charles  E.  Stohl  was  graduated  from  the 
high  school  of  Skeninge,  Sweden,  and  at  the 
age  of  fifteen  years  came  to  New  York  city. 
Here  for  eighteen  months  he  worked  in  a 
spring  factory,  and  industriously  supplemented 
the  education  secured  in  Sweden  by  attend- 
ance on  night  school  in  New  York.  Coming 
west  he  worked  on  various  farms  in  Missouri 
and  Iowa,  and  in  1894  he  engaged  in  carriage 
work,  continuing  the  same  for  six  years.  He 
then  sold  out  and  began  the  manufacture  of 
plows  on  his  own  account.  Although  he  had 
made  the  business  an  unqualified  success,  ow- 
ing to  ill  health  was  compelled  to  discontinue  it, 
and  in  February,  1901,  he  came  to  Wenatchee. 
Here  he  purchased  a  small  blacksmith  shop, 
gradually  increasing  the  size  of  the  building 
until  now  he  has  an  establishment  25x100  feet 
in  size,  employes  six  men  in  the  carriage  de- 
partment and  carries  a  pay-roll  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars  per  week.  The  horse-shoeing  de- 
partment is  in  another  building,  40x25.  He 
now  has  the  largest  institution  of  the  kind  in 
Chelan  county,  manufacturing  carriages  and 
wagons  costing  as  high  as  five  hundred  dollars 
apiece. 

Mr.  Stohl  has  one  brother  and  four  sisters; 
Richard  Stohl  is  a  graduate  of  a  farriers'  col- 
lege, Stockholm,  Sweden.  His  sisters  are 
Annie,  Hilda,  Minnie,  and  Amelia. 

At  Red  Oak,  Iowa,  July  25,  1888,  our  sub- 
ject was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Daisy  Rob- 
erts, daughter  of  William  R.  Roberts,  who  was 
a  lieutenant  in  the  federal  army  during  the 
Civil  War.  Her  mother  was  Louisa  Roberts. 
Mrs.  Stohl  has  two  sisters,  Ellen,  wife  of  Rob- 
ert Wycoff,  of  Red  Oak,  Iowa,  and  Berde,  mar- 
ried to  F.  W.  Swanson,  a  merchant  of  Stanton, 
Iowa. 

Our  subject  is  a  member  of  Riverside 
Lodge  No.  112,  A.  F.  &  A.  :\I.,  of  the  Royal 
Arch  Masons,  of  Wenatchee,  and  of  Laramie 
Lodge  No.  152,  K.  of  P.,  Red  Oak.  Iowa.  At 
present  he  is  an  influential  member  of  the  We- 
natchee city  council  and  an  active  member  of 
the  Wenatchee  Commercial  Club.  The  family 
reside  in  a  neat  one-story  cottage,  surrounded 
by  seven  lots,  corner  of  A  and  Palouse  streets, 
Wenatchee. 


764 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


IMr.  Stohl  has  recently  incorporated  his 
business  under  the  firm  name  of  The  Stohl- 
Ross  Company,  and  the  concern  is  taking  up 
jobbing-  and  extensive  manufacture  of  all  kinds 
of  vehicles.  They  are  meeting  with  a  good 
success. 


ELIAS  MESSERLY  is  one  of  the  leading 
and  influential  citizens  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan 
county,  and  one  of  the  first  men  to  cross  the 
Cascades  and  locate  in  the  beautiful  Kittitas 
valley. 

His  native  state  is  Ohio,  and  he  was  born 
December  24,  1S42.  in  Fairfield  county.  His 
parents  were  Nicholas  and  Elizabeth  (Swit- 
zer)  Alesserly.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Ohio  and  of  Swiss  ancestry.  He  died  in  1874. 
The  mother  was  a  native  of  Switzerland,  mar- 
ried in  Ohio,  and  at  present  lives  in  Greenville, 
that  state,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven  years. 
The  Buckeye  state  was  the  scene  of  our  sub- 
ject's early  exploits,  and  here  he  was  reared 
and  educated.  His  father  was  proprietor  of  a 
marble  yard.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
war  our  subject  and  his  brother  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Seventeenth  Ohio  Infantry,  the 
brother  as  flag-bearer.  Later  he  carried  a  gun, 
and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 
Our  subject  was  engaged  in  a  number  of  warm 
skirmishes,  but  participated  in  no  regular  bat- 
tles. At  the  expiration  of  three  months'  serv- 
ice he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  confectionery  business.  In  the 
spring  of  1865  he  came  to  Helena,  jMontana, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  engaged  in  mining, 
prospecting  and  carrying  the  mails.  He  made 
considerable  money,  and  spent  it  freely.  Go- 
ing "broke"  the  firsf  winter,  he  gathered  a  lot 
of  back  number  newspapers  and  mounting  his 
pony,  sold  them  the  first  day  for  sixty  dol- 
lars. He  managed  to  lay  by  sufficient  money  to 
engage  in  the  dairy  business  in  Helena,  at  which 
point  he  sold  milk  for  one  dollar  a  gallon.  Two 
years  later  he  filed  on  a  claim  in  Kittitas  valley, 
and  waited  seventeen  years  for  a  railroad  to 
make  its  appearance.  During  this  time  he  con- 
tinued to  raise  stock  nine  miles  north-east  of 
Ellensburg.  In  1873  he  located  at  Wenatchee. 
engaging  in  mining,  near  Rock  Island,  with 
Philip  Miller,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  They  took  a  claim  and  our  subject 
mined   and   trapped   while   his   partner   "held 


down"  the  ranch.  Mr.  Messerly  finally  sold 
out  to  Miller  and  went  to  Seattle,  but  returned 
soon  afterwards. 

On  November  24.  1876,  at  Ellensburg, 
Washington,  our  subject  was  married  to 
Sarah  E.  Houser,  a  nati\-e  of  Pennsvlvania. 
Her  parents,  Tillman  and  Louise  (Wir'khizer) 
Houser,  are  Pennsylvanians.  Ijeing  descended 
from  old  Dutch  families.  The  wife  has  three 
brothers,  Harrison,  Clarence  and  Alvy,  and 
two  sisters,  Amelia,  wife  of  Chester  Churchill, 
and  Pernina,  married  to  William  German.  The 
latter  was  the  first  white  girl  born  in  the  Kitti- 
tas Valley. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Messerly  have  been  born 
two  children.  Alpheus.  a  partner  in  the  W'e- 
natchee  Home  Nursery,  (Incorporated),  and 
Italia  R.,  a  school  girl.  This  nurserv  is  the 
property  of  Mr.  Messerly,  Alpheus  and  Ed- 
ward Dennis. 

Our  subject  is  one  of  the  most  extensive 
fruit  raisers  in  the  valley,  and  the  most  suc- 
cessful. He  has  captured  many  prizes  at  Buf- 
falo. Spokane  and  elsewhere  for  beautiful  dis- 
plays of  fruits.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member 
of  the  \V.  O.  T.  W.  Mrs.  Messerly  is  a  very 
accomplished  lady,  and  her  daughter,  Italia, 
is  a  beautiful  girl  of  eighteen  years  of  age. 


JOHN  E.  PORTER  is  one  of  the  leading 
young  men  of  Chelan  county,  and  the  import- 
ant position  as  superintendent  of  the  schools 
of  the  county  is  entrusted  to  him  by  the  peo- 
ple, and  the  fact  that  he  is  now  serving  his  sec- 
ond term,  being  elected  with  a  larger  majority 
this  time  than  formerly,  speaks  strongly  of  his 
capabilities  and  the  appreciation  of  his  eflf':irts 
on  the  part  of  a  discriminating  constituency. 
He  was  born  in  Port  Ludlow,  Washington. 
The  date  of  his  birth  was  May  5,  1870,  and  his 
parents  were  Dana  H.  and  Sarah  R.  (Buzby) 
Porter.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Maine  and 
descended  from  the  famous  family  of  Porters 
of  New  England.  He  came  to  the  Golden 
state  overland  in  1858,  and  one  year  later 
found  his  way  to  Puget  Sound.  He  devoted 
himself  to  spar  building  and  was  employed  in 
this  and  in  the  inspection  of  spars  in  various 
ports  until  his  death  at  Oak  Harbor,  in  1879. 
The  mother  is  a  native  of  Illinois,  came  to 
Puget  Sound  with  her  parents  when  nine,  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


765 


married  at  Oak  Harbor  and  now  resides  in  Se- 
attle. Her  parents  were  early  pioneers  of  Illi- 
nois, the  father  being  native  of  New  Jersey, 
and  the  mother  born  in  New  York.  The  father 
died  in  Seattle  in  1893  and  the  mother  is  still 
living  in  that  city.  Our  subject  was  reared  on 
Whidby  Island  and  lived  in  the  family  of  his 
grandfather  Buzby  after  his  father's  death. 
Later  he  attended  the  high  school  in  Seattle 
and  then  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science 
from  the  state  university  at  the  same  city,  in 
1894.  Following  this  Mr.  Porter  taught  at 
Bay  View  and  other  points  on  the  sound  until 
1897.  Then  he  returned  to  the  university  for 
a  post  graduate  course  and  took  a  normal  di- 
ploma. He  taught  again  on  the  sound  and  in 
1899  he  came  to  W'enatchee  and  taught  in  the 
town  schools  as  principal.  In  1900  he  was 
chosen  to  superintend  the  schools  of  th-e  county, 
and  in  1902  he  was  called  again  to  the  same  po- 
sition. 

Mr.  Porter  has  shown  excellent  ability  in 
his  line  of  endeavor  and  his  thorough  training 
and  resourceful  mind  amply  fit  him  for  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  the  position.  He  owns  a  good 
residence  and  orchard  adjoining  the  town  and 
also  other  property.  Mr.  Porter  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  been  delegate  to  the 
grand  lodge.  He  has  one  sister,  Alice,  teach- 
ing in  Georgetown,  Washington. 


PHILIP  BELLINGER,  local  manager  of 
the  Wenatchee  Produce  Company,  resides  at 
Mission,  Chelan  county.  He  is  a  young,  ener- 
getic citizen,  public  spirited  and  popular  with 
all.  He  was  born  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Michigan, 
November  17,  1867,  the  son  of  Horace  and 
Ella  (McDowell)  IBellinger.  The  father  is  a 
native  of  Ohio.  The  Bellingers  came  to  the 
United  States  at  the  period  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  from  Germany.  Horace  Bellinger 
enlisted  in  a  three-months'  regiment,  at  the 
opening  of  the  Civil  war,  but  re-enlisted  and 
served  three  years  in  the  Fifth  United  States 
Cavalry.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Get- 
tysburg, and  was  with  General  Phil  Sheridan 
at  the  time  of  the  famous  ride  to  Winchester. 
He  now  lives  at  Elmira,  Michigan,  with  the 
mother  of  our  subject. 

The  earlier  years  of  the  latter  were  passed 
at  Mt.  Pleasant,  and  later  he  removed  to  El- 


mira. At  both  places  he  attended  graded 
schools,  and  acquired  a  good,  practical  edu- 
cation. On  gaining  his  majority  he  entered 
the  employment  of  the  Duluth,  South  Shore  & 
Atlantic  Railway  Company,  as  operator  and 
agent.  He  reamined  with  this  company  until 
1899,  and  then  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, and  was  with  the  Eastern  division  of  the 
Great  Northern  railway.  Air.  Bellinger,  aside 
from  his  other  railway  experiences,  was  in 
charge  of  the  station  at  Mission  for  two  years 
and  six  months,  and  on  March  10,  1903,  he  as- 
sumed charge  of  the  local  office  of  the  We- 
natchee Produce  Company. 

He  has  three  brothers.  Nelson,  Percival  and 
Clifton,  the  two  latter  school  boys,  residing 
with  their  parents  in  Michigan.  To  Miss  Cor- 
delia A.  Freer,  a  native  of  Richland  county, 
Ohio,  Mr.  Bellinger  was  united  in  marriage  at 
Mission,  Washington,  April  21,  1901.  Men-, 
tion  of  her  father,  Ira  Freer,  appears  elsewhere 
in  this  work.  They  have  one  boy,  Ira  R.,  born 
September  30,  1902. 

The  political  views  of  Air.  Bellinger  are  in 
line  with  the  Republican  party. 


W.  EDWARD  HINMAN,  a  leading  pub- 
lic-spirited and  progressive  citizen  of  Mission, 
Chelan  county,  was  born  in  Whiteside  county, 
Illinois,  December  10,  1859.  His  father,  Henry 
V.  Hinman,  is  a  native  of  Kinderhook,  New 
York,  descendant  of  a  family  prominent  in  that 
state  for  many  generations.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Sixty-fourth  Illinois  Infantry,  served 
four  years  in  the  Civil  war,  and  was  wounded 
in  battle.  At  present  he  is  register  of  the  land 
office  at  North  Yakima.  The  mother,  Jane  L. 
(Brakey)  Hinman,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
her  father  of  Irish  ancestry,  her  mother  a  New 
Englander.     She  resides  at  North  Yakima. 

Until  he  was  eight  years  of  age,  our  sub- 
ject lived  in  Illinois,  then  in  Missouri,  for  five 
vears,  and  from  there  he  went  to  Kansas,  where 
he  resided  until  he  gained  his  majority,  attend- 
ing district  schools  and  working  on  a  farm. 
He  then  traveled  in  Colorado  and  California, 
engaged  in  mining,  and  thence  to  Puget  Sound, 
where  he  found  employment  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. In  1884  he  came  to  Alission,  Washing- 
ton, and  filed  on  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  land.    With  but  a  small  capital  he  prosecuted 


766 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


his  work  on  the  property,  and  finally  proved  up 
and  settled  permanently,  and,  as  it  eventually 
proved  profitably.  This  was  in  1891.  He  re- 
tains forty  acres  of  the  original  claim,  which 
is  devoted  to  fruit,  garden  and  alfalfa.  He  has  a 
six-room,  story  and  a  half  house,  and  winters 
forty  head  of  cattle.  He  has  one  brother  and 
five  sisters,  Charles  H.,  Laura  Cash,  Mamie 
Clark,  Sadie  Dix,  Agnes  and  Pearl. 

At  jNIission,  January  i,  1893,  Mr.  Hinman 
was  married  to  Miss  Alice  Burns,  a  native  of 
Crawfordsville,  Indiana.  Her  father,  Paul 
Burns,  was  also  an  Indianian.  She  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Henry,  Hugh,  and 
Anna.  Two  children,  Carl,  aged  four  years, 
and  Paul,  aged  two,  have  come  to  brighten  her 
home. 

Mr.  Hinman  is  a  reliable  Republican,  one 
of  the  commissioners  of  Chelan  county,  and  at 
all  times  manifests  a  lively  interest  in  local 
politics.  He  is  frequently  elected  a  delegate  to 
county  conventions,  and  has  represented  his 
party  in  Washington  Republican  State  conven- 
tions. Mrs.  Hinman  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
bvterian  church. 


WINFIELD  S.  GEHR,  president  and 
manager  of  the  Orondo  Shipping  Company 
and  Wenatchee  Infilling  Company,  is  a  well- 
known,  popular  and  influential  citizen  of  Wen- 
atchee. Chelan  county.  He  is  a  son  of  the 
"Keystone"  state,  having  been  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania September  9.  1861.  His  parents,  Fos- 
ter and  Bathsheba  (Line)  Gehr,  were  natives 
of  that  state.  The  father  was  of  Dutch  ances- 
try; the  mother  comes  of  old  Quaker  stock,  a 
family  which  came  to  America  with  William 
Penn.  Foster  Gehr  was  for  many  years  en- 
gaged successfully  in  the  oil  business.  He  died 
in  1887.  The  mother  at  present  lives  at  Lines- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  named  in  honor  of  her 
father,  who  owned  the  townsite  and  vast  quan- 
tities of  land  in  that  vicinity,  operated  flour  and 
saw  mills  and  was  largely  identified  with  the 
growth  and  development  of  that  section  of  the 
state. 

At  Linesville,  the  place  of  his  nativity,  our 
subject  attended  graded  schools,  and  subse- 
quently was  a  student  in  Allegheny  College, 
Meadsville.  and  three  years  in  Buchtel  College, 
Akron,   Ohio.      Owing   to   the   illness   of   his 


father  he  returned  home  before  graduating. 
Following  a  year  passed  in  the  oil  regions,  he 
went  to  Iowa  where  he  entered  a  law  office, 
read  law  and  had  charge  of  abstract  books. 
From  1879  until  1881  he  was  in  Spirit  Lake, 
Iowa ;  the  two  years  after  in  Flandreau,  South 
Dakota,  in  a  bank,  and  was  then  engaged  in  the 
agricultural  implement  business  until  1888. 
That  year  he  came  to  Orondo,  Douglas  county, 
Washington,  was  for  a  while  in  the  general 
merchandise  business,  and  later  bought  wheat. 
In  1893,  in  company  with  J.  F.  Hunt,  Henry 
Lawshe  and  H.  H.  Cheatham  he  organized  the 
Orondo  Shipping  Company,  with  headquarters 
at  Orondo  and  Tacoma,  buying  and  shipping 
grain.  They  now  control  warehouses  at 
Bridgeport,  Central  Ferry,  Chelan  Falls,  Brays 
Landing,  Orondo  and  Wenatchee.  They  have 
flour  mills  at  Chelan  rails  and  Wenatchee.  At 
present  the  company  comprises  our  subject, 
president  and  general  manager;  W.  W.  Ran- 
dall, London,  England,  and  A.  W.  Tilmarsh, 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Tacoma.  Washington. 
The  business  is  being  extended  throughout  the 
state. 

On  September  9,  1899,  ^^'''-  Gehr  was  mar- 
ried at  Snohomish,  Washington,  to  Jane  Aus- 
tin. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Gehr  is  a  member  of  Ever- 
ett, Washington,  Lodge  No.  479,  B.  P.  O.  E. 
Although  in  line  with  the  principles  of  the  Re- 
publican party  he  is  not  an  active  politician. 
He  is  secreteary  and  treasurer  of  the  Chelan 
Falls  Power  Company. 


IGNATIUS  A.  NAVARRE,  of  Lakeside, 
Chelan  county,  eminent  in  the  profession  of 
ci\-il  engineering  and  prominently  identified 
with  the  interests  of  the  county,  was  born  in 
Monroe,  Michigan,  December  25,  1846.  His 
father,  Joseph  G.  Navarre,  was  the  son  of  Col- 
onel Francis  Navarre,  justice  of  the  old  North- 
west territory,  when  it  was  under  the  French 
regime,  and  later  American  rule.  During  the 
War  of  1812  he  commanded  a  regiment  in 
which  were  enrolled  thirty-seven  Xavarres,  de- 
scendants of  the  "white-plumed  Henry  of  Na- 
varre." He  participated  in  numerous  battles, 
among  which  was  that  of  the  Thames,  where 
Tecumseh  was  killed,  and  General  Winchester 
was  his  guest  the  day  he  surrendered  to  Pr"c- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


767 


tor.  He  was  grandson  of  the  first  Navarre  to 
settle  in  America,  who  was  deputized  as  ad- 
ministrator by  the  French  government.  Our 
subject's  father,  Joseph  G.  Navarre,  was  a 
practicing  attorne}',  having  been  educated  in 
Kentucky  and  practiced  in  Detroit,  Michigan. 
He  died  in  1861.  The  mother,  Ehzabeth 
(Martin)  Navarre,  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  illustrious  ancestors.  She  died  when 
our  subject  was  eighteen  months  old. 

Until  the  age  of  fourteen  Ignatius  A.  was 
reared  in  Monroe  county,  Michigan,  where  he 
attended  public  schools  and  was  graduated 
with  honors  from  St.  Francis  College,  Loretto, 
Cambria  county,  Pennsylvania.  During  the 
last  year  of  the  Civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the 
engineer  corps,  and  after  an  honorable  dis- 
charge he  became  a  government  surve}'or,  in 
which  vocation  he  remained  for  many  years. 
In  1868,  while  engaged  in  fortification  work  at 
Portland,  Maine,  he  began  the  study  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  supreme  court  bar  in 
1873.  I"  that  year  he  went  to  Olympia,  Wash- 
ington, worked  at  go\-ernmental  surveys,  went 
to  Seattle  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Mc- 
Naught  &  Leary,  with  whom  he  remained  two 
years.  Subsequently  he  was  employed  two 
3'ears  in  British  Columbia,  in  engineering  work 
for  the  Dominion  government.  He  then  prac- 
ticed law  at  Yakima,  Washington,  and  was 
probate  judge  of  Yakima  county  when  it  em- 
braced Kittitas  county.  From  1883  until 
1885  he  was  engaged  on  contract  surveying 
work  for  the  government,  on  land  that  is  now 
divided  between  Douglas,  Chelan  and  Okano- 
gan counties. 

In  1886  he  filed  on  land  on  the  beautiful 
Lake  Chelan  and  there  he  has  since  resided. 
He  served  as  one  of  the  presidential  electors 
during  the  Harrison  campaign,  the  only  one 
sent  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.  He  is  a 
stanch  Republican,  and  has  served  as  United 
States  Commissioner.  Mr.  Navarre  has 
served  in  various  governmental  positions,  was 
employed  by  the  state  to  select  lands  and  to  lay 
irrigating  plans  under  the  Corey  law.  At  pres- 
ent he  controls  about  four  hundred  acres  of 
land.  He  has  two  brothers,  Charles  F.  and 
Alexander  T.,  and  one  sister,  Mary  F.  Mackin, 
of  Pittsburg.  At  San  Francisco,  November 
9.  1879.  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  E. 
Cooper,  born  at  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
Her  father,  James  O.  Cooper,  was  a  native  of 


England,  and  an  old  sea  captain.  He  was  also 
agent  of  marines  and  fisheries  for  the  Domin- 
ion Government  at  Victoria.  He  died  at  San 
Francisco,  California,  in  1898.  The  mother, 
Charlotte  O.  Cooper,  was  a  native  of  England. 
JNIrs.  Navarre  has  four  brothers,  Charles  V., 
George,  Augustus  and  Vinter  F.,  and  two  sis- 
ters, Jennie  Hamfin  and  Fanny  Cooper. 

Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Navarre,  Grace  M.  and  Joseph  R.,  both 
living  at  home.  Joseph  R.  was  the  first  white 
child  born  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Chelan. 


SCOTT  W.  PHILLIPS,  fruit  inspector 
and  farmer,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War  and  dis- 
tinguished for  past  military  services,  resides  near 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  county.  December  4,  1846, 
he  was  born  in  Cambria  county,  Pennsylvania, 
the  son  of  Samuel  and  Louise  (Wisinger)  Phil- 
lips, both  natives  of  the  Keystone  state. 
Throughout  his  life  the  father  followed  the 
avocation  of  a  farmer,  dying  in  Bedford  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  in  1891.  The  mother,  of 
Dutch  ancestry,  died  when  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  thirteen  years  of  age. 

The  latter  received  his  early  education  and 
training  in  Bedford  county,  and  at  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  war,  patriotically  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  Fifty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Veteran 
Volunteers,  Captain  Sol  Netzeker;  Colonel 
Richard  White.  He  participated  in  the  battles 
of  Drury's  BlufY,  Chapin's  Farm,  Cold  Har- 
bor, Five  Forks,  Burksville  Junction  and  Pe- 
tersburg, and  was  at  the  surrender  of  General 
Lee  at  Appomattox  Court  House.  He  was 
slightly  wounded  at  Five  Forks,  and  contracted 
rheumatism  which  crippled  his  health  for  life. 
Following  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
carpenter,  and  later  removed  to  Colorado  and 
Oregon,  living  for  the  succeeding  twelve  years 
in  Portland  and  Oregon  City.  At  that  period 
he  was  engaged  in  contracting  for  extensive 
buildings,  and  erected  the  fifty-five  thousand 
dollar  court  house  at  Oregon  City.  Subse- 
quently he  was  identified  with  the  building  of 
many  fine  residences  and  business  blocks,  and 
as  foreman  or  contractor  put  up  the  second 
brick  edifice  in  Seattle,  Washington,  in  which 
city  he  resided  six  years.  In  1888  he  removed 
to   Waterville,    Douglas   county,    ^^'ashington, 


768 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


where  for  four  years  he  was  engaged  in  a  furni- 
ture and  hardware  store.  Tlience  lie  went  to 
Wenatchee,  where  he  was  in  the  feed  business. 
This  he  sold  and  took  up  fruit  shipping,  and 
ran  the  same  during  the  building  of  the  railroad 
at  that  place.  In  1894  he  disposed  of  this  busi- 
ness to  Conrad  Rose,  the  latter  organizing  the 
enterprise  as  the  Wenatchee  Produce  Company. 
He  owns  twenty-five  acres  of  fine  orchard.  At 
the  period  of  the  organization  of  the  county  he 
was  appointed  fruit  inspector  which  position 
he  still  holds.  Mr.  Phillips  has  two  brothers 
and  two  sisters ;  William,  of  Bedford  county, 
Pennsylvania ;  Samuel,  in  the  railroad  business. 
New  Orleans;  Catherine,  wife  of  William 
Richert,  of  Pennsylvania;  and  Mary,  wife  of 
James  Pierce,  of  Oakland,  California. 

December  25,  1868,  our  subject  was  mar- 
ried to  Anna  Vest,  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
The  ceremony  occurred  at  Springfield,  Mis- 
souri. Her  father,  Jonathan  Vest,  descended 
from  one  of  the  most  distinguished  families,  of 
which  United  States  Senator  Vest  was  a  mem- 
ber, died  when  Airs.  Phillips  was  quite  young. 
To  them  have  been  born  two  children.  Myrtle 
and  Olive.  ]\Ir.  Phillips  is  a  member  of  George 
M.  :McCook  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Wenatchee.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ALBERT  P.  CLAYTON  is  one  of  the  live 
Inisiness  men  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  of 
influential  personality  and  an  important  factor 
in  all  public  and  municipal  enterprises.  He 
was  born  in  Rome,  Richland  county,  Ohio,  June 
14,  1846,  the  son  of  Lambert  D.  and  Evelina 
(Booth)  Clayton.  He  is  a  second  cousin  of 
Powell  Clayton,  United  States  Minister  to 
Mexico  and  one  of  the  prominent  Republican 
statesmen  of  Arkansas.  Lambert  D.  Clayton 
was  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  of  English  an- 
cestry. He  died  in  Spring  Green,  Wisconsin, 
in  1864.  The  mother  was  born  in  Holmes 
county,  Ohio,  and  passed  away  at  Chillicothe, 
Missouri,  in  1901. 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  \Visconsin, 
whither  his  family  moved,  and  until  he  was 
eight  years  of  age  he  attended  the  public 
schools  in  his  neighborhood.  From  his  father 
he  learned  the  trade  of  a  harness  maker.  He 
was  a  patriotic  youth,  and  in  1862  enlisted  in 
the  Sixth  Wisconsin  Light  Artillery,  otherwise 


known  as  the  Buena  Vista  Battery,  in  which  he 
served  until  the  close  of  the  Civil  war,  being 
mustered  out  July  18,  1865.  He  participated 
in  thirteen  regular  engagements,  was  taken 
prisoner  twice,  and  escaped  each  time. 

For  many  years  following  the  war  he  was 
engaged  in  railway  service;  In  1865  he  was 
with  the  Milwaukee  &  Mississippi  Railway 
Company,  remaining  two  years  and  ten  months 
as  fireman  and  five  years  as  engineer.  He  was 
then  employed  as  conductor  of  freight  and 
passenger  trains,  until  1889,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Prairie  du  Chien,  I.  & 
D.  division.  Resigning  in  that  year  he  came  to 
Washington  and  located,  February  12,  1889,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ellensburg.  The  following  year 
he  was  freight  conductor  on  the  Cascade  di- 
vision of  the  Northern  Pacific,  and  on  May  i, 
1890,  he  accepted  the  position  of  superintendent 
of  construction  on  the  Gray's  Harbor  &  South 
Bend  railroad.  In  September,  1894.  he  was  a 
passenger  engineer  on  the  Pacific  division  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  between  Tacoma 
and  Portland.  On  September  9,  1894,  he  drove 
a  spike,  the  farthest  west  in  the  United  States, 
at  Ocosta,  the  terminus  of  the  road. 

In  December,  1900,  Mr.  Clayton  came  to 
Wenatchee,  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate,  in- 
surance and  loan  business.  One  year  from  that 
time  he  built  large  safe  deposit  vaults,  burglar 
proof,  with  twenty-four  inch  walls,  and  eighty- 
six  steel  boxes.  He  employs  night  watchmen, 
and  the  enterprise  has  become  quite  popular  in 
Wenatchee.  Mr.  Clayton  carries  about  seventy- 
five  per  cent  of  the  fire  insurance  in  Wenatchee. 
His  home  is  a  beautiful  seven-room  cottage, 
surrounded  by  five  lots,  in  Nob  Hill  addition. 
He  also  owns  the  business  building  and  lot  ad- 
joining O.  D.  Johnson's.  It  was  Mr.  Clayton 
who  brought  the  Entiat  mining  district  into 
prominence,  forming  a  company  for  its  develop- 
ment. He  has  one  brother,  Alahlon,  a  mining 
man  of  Valdez,  Alaska,  and  one  sister,  Rachel, 
wife  of  William  Brown,  a  boiler-maker,  of 
Chillicothe,  Missouri. 

Our  subject's  first  wife  was  Miss  Lizzie 
Gault.  to  whom  he  was  married  at  Ithaca.  Wis- 
consin, December  24.  1866.  She  died  July  7. 
1869,  leaving  one  child.  On  October  15,  1873, 
at  Boscobel,  Wisconsin,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Josephine  M.  Scheble,  of  Ashley,  Ohio. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Albert  and  Rebecca 
(Knapp)    Scheble,    the    former    a    native    of 


ALBERT  P.   CLAYTON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


769 


Switzerland,  the  latter  of  New  York.  They 
both  live  at  Centralia,  Wisconsin.  Four  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clayton, 
Howard  J.,  Ida  M.,  Dora  B.  and  Alta  M. 

Our  subject  is  a  member  of  Palestine  Lodge 
No.  1 14,  A.  F.  &  A.  yi..  Lone  Rock,  Wisconsin, 
Wenatchee  Chapter  No.  22,  R.  A.  M.,  is  Past 
Department  Commander  of  \\'iscon5in.  G.  A. 
R.,  a  member  of  the  National  Encampment,  and 
Past  Master  Workman  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
Although  not  an  active  partisan  he  is  a  Repul> 
lican  and  takes  a  lively  interest  in  the  political 
issues  of  the  day.  From  1878  until  1885  he 
was  a  supernumerary  in  the  secret  service  of  the 
Chicago,  AlilwaukeetS:  St.  Paul  railroad. 


FRANKLIN  A.  LOSEKAMP,  the  lead- 
ing merchant  and  influential  business  man  of 
Leavenworth,  Chelan  county,  was  born  at  Day- 
ton, Ohio,  November  20.  1859.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Hessen,  Germany.  The  father, 
Jacob  Losekamp,  came  to  the  United  States 
when  thirteen  years  of  age,  but  earned  his  title 
to  citizenship  right  royally  by  serving  in  the 
Mexican  and  Civil  wars.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  merchant  in  Dayton.  Ohio,  and  at  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  dying  in  April,  1902,  at  Los 
Angeles,  California.  The  mother,  Catherine 
(Breidenbach)  Losekamp,  now  lives  with  her 
son  at  Leavenworth. 

Franklin  A.,  our  subject  was  reared  princi- 
pally in  Missouri  and  Kansas,  receiving  the  ad- 
vantages of  only  a  limited  education,  but  by  ap- 
plication in  the  days  of  early  manhood,  he  se- 
cured a  good  business  training.  He  went  to  the 
Black  Hills  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  where  for 
five  years  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits. About  the  time  of  the  completion  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  he  went  to  Spokane 
and  opened  a  mercantile  establishment,  in  a 
tent,  succeeding  the  great  fire.  He  came  to 
Leavenworth  in  1891,  one  year  ahead  of  the 
railroad,  where  he  established  a  pioneer  store, 
was  postmaster,  the  ofiice  at  that  period  being 
named  "Icicle."  Our  subject  has  four  brothers 
living,  Augustus,  George  and  Lyman,  of  Los 
Angeles,  California,  and  John  D.,  a  merchant 
at  Billings,  Montana.  He  also  has  three  sisters, 
Annie,  Florence  and  Catherine. 

March  3,  1888,  ]\Ir.  Losekamp  was  united 
in  marriage,  at  Chicago,  to  Effie  C.  Head,  born 


in  Carlinville,  Ilinois,  April  17,  1868.  On 
August  21,  1902,  he  was  called  upon  to  mourn 
the  loss  of  his  estimable  wife,  who  was  called 
from  earth  at  the  age  of  thirty-four  years. 
Mrs.  Losekamp  was  a  member  of  Lorraine 
Chapter  No.  6,  Seattle,  Washington,  O.  E.  S., 
and  had  taken  a  great  interest  in  this  order. 
Her  father,  William  R.  Head,  is  an  English- 
man, born  in  Rye,  Sussex,  England,  and  is  at 
present  a  retired  capitalist  residing  in  Chicago. 
Her  mother,  Martha  (Neely)  Head,  is  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  being  born  in  Franklin,  Ken- 
tucky, April  22,  1838.  She  was  of  French  an- 
cestry. One  sister  of  the  latter  was  the  wife  of 
General  John  M.  Palmer,  ex-governor  of  Illi- 
nois. Another  sister  was  the  wife  of  E.  A. 
Sluck,  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming.  Mrs.  Lose- 
kamp had  three  brothers,  James,  a  real  estate 
dealer  of  Portland,  Oregon;  Richard  W.,  of 
Chicago;  and  Paul  D.,  also  of  Chicago,  and 
connected  with  a  lake  steamship  line.  Her 
three  sisters  are  Millie,  wife  of  Alexander  [Mc- 
Gregor, of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming:  Sarah,  wife 
of  Charles  Heydenburg,  of  Chicago;  and 
Norah  E.  Head,  residing  with  her  parents  at 
Chicago,  Illinois. 

Our  subject  stands  high  in  Masonic  circles, 
being  a  member  of  Riverside  Lodge  No.  112, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Wenatchee;  Oriental  Con- 
sistory No.  2,  Spokane;  EI-Katif  Temple,  No- 
bles of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  Spokane ;  and  Ever- 
ett Lodge  No.  479,  B.  P.  O.  E.,  Everett,  Wash- 
ington. His  political  affiliations  are  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  he  has  been  a  delegate 
to  the  state  conventions,  and  is  as  active  in  po- 
litical campaigns  as  business  will  warrant.  He 
is  a  public  spirited,  progressive  man,  and  popu- 
lar among  a  wide  circle  of  acquaintances. 


SYLVESTER  C.  McCREADY,  of  We- 
natchee, Chelan  county,  is  engaged  in  the  drug 
business,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising,  pro- 
gressive and  popular  citizens  of  the  city.  He 
was  born  at  Fort  Madison,  Lee  county,  Iowa, 
May  17,  1869.  William  McCready,  his  father, 
was  an  Indianian,  of  Scotch  descent,  his  ances- 
tors having  been  pioneers  of  the  Hoosier  state. 
For  many  years  his  father  was  clerk  of  Lee 
county,  Iowa,  and  was  a  prominent  and  influen- 
tial citizen.  William  AlcCready,  who  was  a 
farmer,  died  in  1884.    The  mother  of  our  sub- 


770 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ject,  Melvina  (^lontgomery)  McCready,  was 
a  native  of  Kentucky.  She  passed  from  earth 
November  5,  1898. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  years  our  subject 
was  graduated  from  the  Fort  Madison  high 
school,  and  removed  to  Pottawattamie  county, 
Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness. In  1897  he  disposed  of  his  property  and 
came  to  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington, 
finding  employment  in  a  wholesale  fruit  and 
produce  house.  Two  months  later  he  enlisted 
in  Company  I,  First  Washington  Infantry,  and 
on  October  19,  189S,  left  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, for  the  Philippines.  He  landed  at  Ma- 
nila December  2,  1898,  and  immediately  went 
to  the  front.  He  participated  in  twenty-five 
battles  and  skirmishes,  including  Paco,  Santa- 
Ann,  San  Pedro,  IMacarte,  Pasig-Marong, 
Ti-Ti,  Clamba  and  Taquig.  His  company  was 
under  fire  continually  until  September  5,  1899, 
following  which  they  returned  home  and  were 
mustered  out  November  i,  1899.  Mr.  Mc- 
Cready was  ill  four  months,  but  was  in  active 
service  the  remainder  of  the  time.  Returning 
to  Iowa  he  obtained  employment  in  a  drug  store 
and  eight  months  subsequently  repaired  to  the 
University  of  Iowa  where  he  concluded  a  thor- 
ough course  in  pharmacy.  Going  thence  to 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  he  worked  in  a  drug  store 
until  December  18,  1901,  when  he  came  to  We- 
natchee  and  opened  a  drug  store  on  Wenatchee 
avenue.  Mr.  McCready  has  four  brothers; 
John  C,  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  Charles,  of  Mace- 
donia, Iowa ;  George  D.,  a  grain  dealer  in  Wal- 
ker, Missouri;  and  Fred  P.,  a  farmer  of  Van 
Buren  county,  Iowa.  He  has,  also,  three  sis- 
ters ;  Juliet  A.,  wife  of  John  A.  Stewart,  super- 
intendent of  schools  at  Fort  Madison,  Lee 
county,  Iowa ;  Mary,  wife  of  Walter  S.  Greeg, 
of  Haverlock,  Nebraska;  and  I\Iinnie,  wife  of 
JNIilo  Hnbley.  of  Iowa. 

The  fraternal  relations  of  Mr.  McCready 
are  with  the  Riverside  Lodge  No.  112,  A.  F.  & 
A.  i\I. ;  Wenatchee  Lodge  No.  157,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  Rebekahs,  Wenatchee.  Politically  he  is 
a  Democrat. 


C.  VICTOR  MARTIN,  judge  of  the  Supe- 
rior court  in  Chelan  county,  resides  at  Wenat- 
chee. He  was  born  in  Iowa  ISIarch  15,  1852. 
His  father,  Israel  N.  Martin,  although  born  in 
Illinois,   was  of   New   England   ancestry,   his 


great-grandparents  having  come  from  Eng- 
land in  the  Mayflower  when  children.  Israel 
N.  Alartin  was  a  United  Brethren  preacher. 
The  mother  of  our  subject,  Louise  (Potter) 
Martin,  was  descended  from  an  old  colonial 
family  of  the  state  of  New  York.  Both  parents 
of  C.  \'ictor  Martin  are  deceased. 

Until  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age  our 
subject  resided  in  Iowa.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  graded  schools,  the  University  of 
Iowa,  Iowa  City,  and  Indianola  College.  At 
the  age  of  se\enteen  he  began  the  study  of  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Dakota  in  1883. 
Here  he  continued  in  his  profession  ten  years, 
removing  thence  to  Kansas,  and  then  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  practiced  in  Alameda  and  San 
Benito  counties  three  years.  He  then  located 
in  Seattle,  where  he  remained  two  years,  not 
practicing  to  any  extent  on  account  of  ill  health. 
Our  subject  came  to  Wenatchee  in  1898,  con- 
tinued the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Superior  court  by  Gov- 
ernor McBride  ]\Iarch  12,  1903.  Judge  Martin 
is  president  of  the  Northwest  Pacific  Live  Stock 
Company,  and  the  principal  stockholder.  In 
the  vicinity  of  Wenatchee  the  company  owns 
fifteen  hundred  acres  of  land,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  head  of  cattle  and  twenty  head  of  horses. 
They  purpose  to  breed  thoroughbred  stock. 

Judge  ]\Iartin  has  one  brother  and  two  sis- 
ters, Elihue  v.,  in  the  real  estate  business,  Wen- 
atchee; Nellie,  widow  of  Rev.  "SI.  E.  Noble; 
and  Mabel,  wife  of  William  Seagle,  of  Elber- 
ton,  Washington.  Alarch  28,  1899,  at  Wenat- 
chee, Judge  Martin  was  married  to  Angie  L. 
Abbe,  a  native  of  California.  Her  father,  An- 
drew Abbe,  born  in  the  state  of  New  York,  was 
of  an  old  American  family,  his  ancestors  having 
come  to  America  in  1640.  The  mother,  Mary 
(Berry)  Abbe,  was  a  native  of  Iowa.  Both 
parents  died  in  California,  the  father  on  June 
19,  1883,  and  the  mother  on  October  11,  1884. 
Mrs.  Martin  has  four  brothers,  Frank  B., 
George  E.,  Fred  M.,  and  Charles  H. ;  also  four 
sisters,  Olive  B.,  wife  of  Alfred  L.  Waters; 
Susie  M.,  wife  of  O.  A.  Ames;  Eleanor  F., 
wife  of  Edward  A.  Pierce;  and  Clara  E.,  who 
is  unmarried.  The  sisters  are  all  residents  of 
San  Juan,  California. 

Judge  Martin  is  a  member  of  Pioneer 
Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  South  Dakota ;  of  San 
Benito  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  San  Juan,  Califor- 
nia; of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  of  Brotherhood  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


771 


American  Yeomen,  Wenatchee.  Politically  he 
is  a  Republican,  and  influential  in  the  interests 
of  that  party. 


IRVIN  R.  GEDDES,  of  the  firm  of  Geddes 
&  Page,  who  operate  a  first-class  livery  and 
transfer  business  in  the  town  of  Chelan,  is  well 
known  as  a  thorough  and  capable  business  man, 
who,  by  dint  of  hard  labor  and  careful  manage- 
ment has  secured  an  excellent  competence  of 
this  world's  goods. 

Irvin  R.  Geddes  was  born  in  Polk  county, 
Iowa,  on  November  7,  1853,  the  son  of  Samuel 
S.  and  Elizabeth  (Nagle)  Geddes,  natives  of 
Ohio  and  Iowa,  respectively,  and  now  dwelling 
in  Ida  county,  Iowa,  where  they  own  a  fine  and 
valuable  estate.  The  parents  both  come  from 
old  and  well  known  American  families  which 
were  always  identified  with  the  cause  of  free- 
dom and  the  upbuilding  of  this  nation.  The 
father  has  held  various  official  positions,  but  is 
now  retired  from  active  life.  The  mother's 
father  was  closely  connected  with  the  lozva 
State  Register,  the  old  Republican  paper  of  Des 
Moines,  for  many  years.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  liberally  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  in  Ames  College  at 
Ames,  Iowa.  He  remained  with  his  father 
until  twenty-five  years  of  age  then  went  to  Iowa 
county,  farmed  and  opened  a  livery  business. 
Five  years  later  he  removed  thence  to  Utah 
where  he  followed  various  occupations  for  sev- 
eral years,  then  came  a  trip  overland  with 
horses  to  Spokane,  after  which  he  went  to  Ed- 
wall,  Washington,  bought  land  and  farmed  for 
six  years.  Like  many  others  he  was  overtaken 
by  hard  times,  so  sold  his  stock  and  located  in 
the  livery  business  at  Waterville.  For  four 
years  he  did  well,  securing  in  the  meantime  a 
section  of  land  in  addition  to  the  homestead. 
He  still  owns  this  farm  land  and  rents  it.  In 
1900  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  livery  in  Water- 
ville and  together  with  Mr.  Page  established 
their  present  business.  In  addition  to  doing  a 
general  livery  business,  for  which  they  were 
thoroughly  equipped  with  good  stock,  fine  rigs 
and  so  forth,  they  handle  the  stage  and  entire 
transfer  business  from  the  landing  to  the  town 
of  Chelan.  They  are  prosperous  and  progres- 
sive men  and  stand  well  in  the  community. 
Mr.  Geddes  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
George,  Arthur,  Lettie  and  Cordelia. 


At  the  bride's  residence  in  Ida  county,  Iowa, 
Mr.  Geddes  married  Miss  Ada  Harrison,  whose 
parents  were  natives  of  Ireland.  Mrs.  Geddes 
has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Thomas, 
Matthew,  David,  Lizzie  Nightsee  and  Mary 
Arthur.  Three  children,  Mamie,  Hazel  and 
Saylor  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geddes. 
Mrs.  Geddes  was  highly  educated  and  for  a 
number  of  years  was  a  very  successful  teacher. 
She  is  a  communicant  of  the  Congregational 
church.  Mr.  Geddes  is  a  Republican  and  a  man 
of  excellent  judginent  and  wisdom. 


PETER  WHEELER,  stock-raiser  and  di- 
versified farmer,  living  six  miles  from  Wenat- 
chee, Chelan  county,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
February  16,  1834.  His  father,  Rollin,  de- 
ceased, was  born  in  Vermont,  and  his  grand- 
father, Peter,  was  massacred  by  the  Indians  in 
the  Wyoming  Valley  prior  to  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  His  name,  Peter,  is  still  legible  on 
an  old  monument  erected  on  the  battlefield  to 
commemorate  the  heroism  of  those  who  there 
fought  and  died.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
Alethia  (Bull)  Wheeler,  was  a  native  of  Penn- 
s}-lvania,  of  Dutch  ancestry.  She  died  when 
our  subject  was  two  years  old. 

In  1843  the  father  and  step-mother  of  our 
subject  removed  to  Illinois,  and  here  he  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools.  At  the  opening 
of  the  Civil  war  he  attempted  to  enlist,  but  was 
unable  to  pass  the  medical  examination.  Three 
years  he  passed  in  Iowa.  Going  thence  to  Ne- 
braska he  pre-empted  land  in  Platte  county, 
which  at  that  period  was  very  thinly  settled. 
In  1883  he  went  to  Idaho,  remaining  one  year, 
and  thence  to  Washington,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  railroad  construction.  In  18S5  he 
came  to  what  is  known  as  Wheeler  Hill,  six 
miles  from  Wenatchee,  and  settled  on  a  home- 
stead, his  son  Clarence,  doing  the  same.  To 
this  property  he  has  since  added  railroad  land, 
and  now  owns,  with  his  son,  about  four  thous- 
and acres.  They  cultivate  one  hundred  acres, 
have  fifteen  acres  in  orchard,  put  up  one  hun- 
dred to  one  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  alfalfa 
annually,  and  last  season  sold  two  thousand 
boxes  of  apples.  Their  timothy  hay  yields  four 
tons  to  the  acre.  Much  of  this  property  is  fine 
grazing  land,  although  about  a  section  is  bro- 
ken, and  more  is  tillable.    He  winters  one  hun- 


77^ 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


dred  head  or  more  of  cattle.  ]\Ir.  Wheeler  has 
two  half  brothers  living  in  Iowa,  Edward  and 
Rollin. 

Air.  Wheeler  was  married  in  Carroll  county, 
Illinois,  to  Medora  Morse,  a  native  of  New 
York.  Her  parents  were  Allen  and  Clara 
(  Smith)  Alorse.  Mrs.  \\'heeler  died  in  Decem- 
ber. 1902.  \Mien  not  on  the  farm,  our  subject 
resides  in  a  comfortable  house,  surrounded  by 
twenty  acres  of  land,  on  the  river  one  mile  from 
the  postoffice.  He  has  four  sons,  Allen,  mining 
in  tl^  Black  Hills;  Clarence;  Peter,  city  mar- 
shal of  Wenatchee;  and  Charles,  residing  on 
the  Wheeler  Hill  property.  His  four  daugh- 
ters are  Delia,  wife  of  William  Sally,  of  Ore- 
gon; Clara,  wife  of  Frank  Chase,  of  Seattle; 
Dora,  wife  of  James  Rea,  farmer  and  road  su- 
pervisor near  Wenatchee;  and  Julia,  wife  of 
Phil  Leonard,  mentioned  elsewhere.  The  relig- 
ious affiliations  of  Mr.  Wheeler  are  with  the 
Seventh  Day  Adventists.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican. 


JAMES  W.  FERGUSON,  ex-mayor  of 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  and  one  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  that  city,  is  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, born  in  Erie  county  August  6,  1846. 
His  parents,  James  and  Eliza  (Boone)  Fergu- 
son, were  Pennsylvanians,  the  father  having 
come  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The  latter  died  in 
1846  when  our  subject  was  but  three  months 
old.  The  mother  passed  away  in  1883  at  the 
age  of  sixty-five.  Following  her  decease  young 
Ferguson  went  to  Wisconsin  to  live  with  his 
uncle,  and  here  he  attended  district  scliool  win- 
ters and  worked  through  the  summer  months 
on  a  farm.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Fourteeenth  Wisconsin  Infantry, 
serving  with  distinction  four  years,  and  partici- 
pating in  all  the  important  engagements  in  the 
west. 

Upon  being  nuistered  out  of  the  service  he 
learned  the  tinsmith's  trade,  w-as  appointed 
postmaster  in  1870,  and  served  until  1882,  in 
the  town  of  Neillsville.  Wisconsin.  In  1884 
he  removed  to  Larimore,  North  Dakota,  and 
until  1889  engaged  in  farming.  That  year  he 
went  to  Tacoma,  working  at  his  trade,  and  in 
1891  removed  to  Montana,  opened  a  tinshop, 
and  later  came  to  Wenatchee,  settling  first  in 
the  old  town.  In  1892  he  purchased  lots  in  the 
new  town,  corner  of  Wenatchee  and  Palouse 


streets,  where  he  erected  a  business  block  to 
which  he  has  recently  added,  affording  him  a 
frontage  of  fifty  feet.  The  substantial  con- 
struction and  ornate  cornice  work  of  this  build- 
ing makes  it  one  of  the  most  attractive  edifices 
in  the  city. 

At  Neillsville,  Wisconsin,  September  i, 
1870,  he  was  married  to  Amelia  Palmer,  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio.  Her  father,  Malichi  Palmer,  a 
Pennsylvanian,  died  in  1861,  aged  forty-seven 
years.  Her  mother,  Betsy  (Hubbard)  Palmer, 
born  in  Ohio,  passed  from  earth  one  week  fol- 
low-ing  her  husband's  decease.  Mrs.  Ferguson 
has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  George,  Rob- 
ert and  Nathaniel,  and  Sarah  Hart  and  Alary 
A.,  single  and  living  at  W^enatchee.  She  has 
two  children,  Clara  Jack,  and  James  E.  Fergu- 
son, in  partnership  with  his  father  in  Wenat- 
chee. The  latter  was  married  at  \\''enatchee 
October  7,  1902,  to  Louise  S.  Hallenbeck,  born 
at  Geneva,  New  York,  where  her  parents  now 
reside.  Her  father,  De  Witt  W.  Hallenbeck, 
is  a  prominent  merchant  of  New  York  city,  and 
treasurer  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  that 
city. 

In  local  enterprises  our  subject  has  always 
taken  an  active  part,  has  served  one  term  as 
mayor  and  four  as  city  marshal.  The  first 
county  commissioners  met  in  the  rear  of  his 
store  and  organized  Chelan  county.  He  is  a 
Alason,  Odd  Fellow  and  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R. 

» » » 

THOMAS  PATTISON,  vice-president  of 
the  Richards  Lumber  Company,  of  Lakeside, 
Washington,  came  to  Chelan  Falls,  Chelan 
county,  in  1890,  with  a  capital  of  only  seventy- 
five  cents.  He  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the 
wealthy,  popular  and  influential  citizens  of 
Lakeside.  He  was  born  at  Detroit,  Michigan, 
January  13,  1872,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary 
(Seabury)  Pattison.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  came  to  this  country  while  still  a  young 
man,  and  located  in  the  state  of  New  York, 
later  removing  to  Alichigan,  where  he  engaged 
in  farming.  He  died  August  20,  1889.  The 
mother,  also  a  native  of  Ireland,  where  she 
married,  passed  away  at  Davison,  Michigan. 
August  12,  1891. 

Our  subject,  Thomas  Pattison,  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Lapeer  high  school  in  Michigan, 
and  the  following  two  years   worked  on  his 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


77Z 


father's  farm.  He  came  to  Chelan  county  May 
5,  1889,  where  he  found  employment  in  various 
lines,  cooking  on  boats  and  in  mining  camps 
for  eight  years.  He  filed  on  a  homestead  Sep- 
tember 30,  1890,  near  Chelan  Falls,  on  which 
he  now  has  a  fine  bearing  orchard  of  eighteen 
acres,  besides  wheat  and  hay  land,  all  of  which 
is  well  watered  by  a  spring.  December  i,  1902, 
he  engaged  in  his  present  business,  the  company 
being  organized  with  W.  D.  Richards  as  presi- 
dent and  general  manager;  our  subject  vice- 
president  and  assistant  manager;  George  E. 
Richardson,  treasurer.  The  company  is  incor- 
porated with  a  capital  of  $50,000,  and  our  sub- 
ject owns  one-fifth  of  the  stock.  He  is  now 
giving  his  entire  attention  to  the  mill,  having  a 
competent  man  in  charge  of  his  farm.  He  cul- 
tivates winter  apples  principally,  finding  his 
market  in  Seattle.  Mr.  Pattison  has  four 
brothers,  John,  of  Lapeer;  William,  Joseph  and 
Henry,  all  residents  of  Michigan.  His  six 
sisters  are  Lizzie,  wife  of  John  Carlyle;  Re- 
becca, wife  of  Frank  Scooneas,  of  Detroit; 
Alice,  wife  of  Roy  Griffin ;  Mattie,  wife  of 
George  Gaylord ;  Anna,  wife  of  Joseph  Hill, 
and  Mary,  wife  of  James  Leech. 

He  is  a  member  of  Chelan  Lodge  No.  169, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  which  he  is  secretary.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican.  He  owns  a  half  block 
in  South  Chelan,  considerable  residence  prop- 
erty in  Lakeside  and  a  handsome  cottage  and 
two  lots  in  Chelan. 


ARTHUR  GUNN  ranks  with  the  leading 
men  in  the  Columbia  valley,  in  Washington, 
and  his  worthy  labors  in  Wenatchee  proclaim 
that  he  is  holding  the  position  by  reason  of  real 
worth.  It  was  Mr.  Gunn  who  labored  with 
Mr.  Reeves  in  the  excellent  undertaking  of 
making  Chelan  county.  The  measure  was 
started  in  1892,  but  failed  to  be  carried  through 
on  account  of  lack  of  local  strength.  Mr.  Gunn 
never  let  it  escape  from  his  thoughts  and  when 
the  right  time  came  he  and  Mr.  Reeves  put 
their  shoulders  to  the  wheel  and  were  richly 
rewarded  by  the  formation  of  Chelan  county. 
This  will  be'  more  fully  treated  in  the  historical 
portion  of  the  work. 

Arthur  Gunn  was  born  in  Maysville,  Ken- 
tucky, on  March  21,  1866.  the  son  of  Thomas 
M.  and  Catherine  (Waggoner)  Gunn,  natives 
of  Kentucky.     The  father's  ancestors  came  to 


American  shores  about  four  hundred  years 
since  and  are  from  the  sturdy  Scotch  race.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Dickinson  college  and 
later  received  the  title  of  D.  D.  He  was  presid- 
ing elder  for  thirteen  years  in  the  Methodist 
church  and  later  was  superintendent  of  missions 
in  the  Presbyterian  synod.  At  the  present  he 
is  preaching  the  gospel  in  Mission,  this  county. 
The  family  were  American  long  before  there 
was  a  United  States,  and  they  fought  for  Amer- 
ican interests  in  all  the  conflicts.  Mr.  Gunn 
served  in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother's  people 
were  related  to  the  leading  families  of  Ken- 
tucky, as  the  Adairs,  the  Monroes,  and  so  forth. 
President  Monroe  and  General  Adair  were  in- 
cluded in  this  list.  Her  father  served  in  Com- 
pany I,  Twenty-first  Kentucky  Volunteers, 
which  after  re-enlistment  became  the  First  \'et- 
erans.  During  the  service  he  languished  in 
Libby  and  other  southern  prisons  for  sixteen 
months  and  had  the  thrilling  experiences  of 
escaping  and  being"  recaptured  eighteen  times. 
The  family  removed  to  Illinois  when  our  sub- 
ject was  five,  and  he  was  educated  until  fifteen 
there  by  his  father.  Then  he  entered  Park  Col- 
lege, in  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1888.  He  largely  wrought 
his  way  through  college  by  work  in  the  print- 
ing department,  and  for  two  years  he  was  city 
editor  on  a  Joliet  daily  paper,  this  being  when 
he  was  seventeen.  Following  his  graduation, 
Mr.  Gunn  came  to  Walla  Walla,  whither  the 
family  had  removed,  and  after  due  exploration 
of  the  country,  he  settled  at  Kelso  and  started 
the  Kelso  Courier,  which  was  a  bright  paper 
under  his  manipulation  for  two  years.  Then 
he  left  the  management  of  that  to  enter  the 
banking  establishment  of  J.  J.  Browne  of  Spo- 
kane. In  1892  he  started,  in  connection  with 
Mr.  Browne,  a  branch  in  Wenatchee,  and  in 
1894  sold  his  interest  in  it.  In  1896  Mr.  Gunn 
organized  the  Wenatchee  Water  Power  Com- 
pany, and  is  today  the  president  of  the  electric 
light  company  of  Wenatchee.  In  addition  to 
this,  Mr.  Gunn  is  doing  a  fine  business  in  real 
estate.  He  manages  the  townsite  company's 
business  and  for  three  years  was  land  commis- 
sioner for  the  Nelson  &  Ft.  Sheppard  Railroad. 
Mr.  Gunn  discovered  that  he  could  do  better 
by  giving  his  entire  time  to  local  enterprises 
and  so  resigned  that  position.  Mr.  Gunn  has 
two  brothers.  W.  Chalmers  and  Thomas  M. 
Jr.,  and  one  sister.  Pearl  Winchester. 


774 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


On  July  12,  1890,  Mr.  Gunn  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Brown,  at  Walla  Walla,  a  native  of 
Darlington,  Indiana.  Her  father  is  deceased, 
but  her  mother  is  living  with  our  subject  now. 
Mrs.  Gunn  was  well  educated  in  the  seminary 
and  spent  some  time  in  teaching.  She  has  one 
brother,  Charles  F.,  and  one  sister,  Nettie.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gunn  six  children  have  been 
born,  Arthur,  Mary,  Thomas,  Catherine,  Eliz- 
abeth and  Anabel.  Mr.  Gunn  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  P.,  and  is  a  strong  Democrat.  He  and 
his  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  Commercial 
Club,  and  is  always  active  in  promoting  any 
measure  that  is  for  the  welfare  of  the  town  and 
county.  He  has  wide  experience  in  the  news- 
paper work  and  is  a  man  of  excellent  ability. 


JOHN  SMITH  is  a  resident  of  Leaven- 
worth, who  came  here  in  1892,  being  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Great  Northern  railway.  Since 
coming,  he  entered  in  business  and  for  a  decade 
or  more  he  has  identified  himself  with  the  in- 
terests of  this  city  and  has  shown  himself  to  be 
a  broad  minded  and  progressive  man. 

Mr.  Smith  is  affiliated  with  the  B.  P.  O.  E., 
Spokane  lodge,  number  twenty,  and  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  lodge  number  eighty-one.  in  Reeds 
Landing.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  fraternal  matters  and  has  worked 
faithfully  for  the  interests  of  the  various  lodges 
to  which  he  belongs.  In  political  matters,  he 
has  always  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Demo- 
cratic partv  and  has  shown  himself  a  force  in 
this  field. 

He  is  a  man  well  acquainted  with  the  issues 
of  the  day  and  while  a  stanch  Democrat,  mani- 
fests an  independence  in  thought  and  action 
which  characterizes  him  as  a  man  of  substan- 
tiality. In  the  progress  of  the  community  and 
in  the  improvement  of  the  same,  he  has  ever 
taken  an  interest  and  his  voice  is  always  on  the 
side  of  better  roads,  more  substantial  improve- 
ments, better  educational  facilities  and  progress 
in  general. 


THOMAS  R.  GIBSON  resides  at  Moun- 
tain Park,  about  fourteen  miles  up  the  lake 
from  Lakeside  in  Chelan  county.  He  is  a  na- 
tive of  England  and  came  to  America  with  his 


father,  Thomas  Gibson,  in  1858.  settling  at 
Quincy,  "Illinois,  where  the  father  started  a 
newspaper.  Later,  they  removed  to  Omaha, 
where  the  senior  Gibson  operated  in  the  same 
business.  From  that  state  they  moved  to  a 
little  camp,  which  was  the  beginning  of  the 
prosperous  city  of  Denver,  Colorado,  and  took 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land.  Later  he 
sold  this  land  to  Governor  Evans,  of  Colorado, 
for  seven  hundred  dollars.  It  is  now  the  heart 
of  Denver.  Mr.  Gibson  started  the  Rocky 
Mountain  News  in  Denver  and  operated  it  for 
years,  and  as  is  well  known,  it  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  newspapers  of  the  L^nited  States. 
Mr.  Gibson  was  a  man  of  great  knowledge  and 
ability.  He  possessed  a  wealth  of  intellect  to- 
gether with  executive  talent  that  placed  him 
in  the  front  ranks  with  the  newspaper  men  of 
his  day.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  var- 
ious places  mentioned  above  and  remained  in 
the  west  until  1889,  when  he  came  to  Lake  Che- 
lan and  established  himself  at  Mountain  Park, 
where  he  has  a  beautiful  and  comfortable  home. 
In  Pennsylvania,  in  February,  1873,  Mr. 
Gibson  married  Miss  Mary  G.  Ridgeway,  a 
native  of  the  Keystone  state.  Mr.  Gibson  is 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  Lake  Chelan 
country  and  has  shown  commendable  enterprise 
in  his  labors  here. 


PETER  ROBICHAUD  is  a  resident  of 
Lakeside,  Washington,  and  engaged  in  mining 
in  the  Chelan  mining  districts.  His  property 
is  located  not  far  from  Safety  Harbor.  He  has 
five  claims  with  H.  H.  Hunt  which  run  from 
five  to  one  hundred  and  sixteen  dollars  per  ton 
in  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

Peter  Robichaud  was  born  in  Maine  on 
June  15,  1854.  His  parents,  Charles  and  Allen 
(LePoint)  Robichaud,  were  natives  of  Canada 
and  are  now  deceased.  Two  brothers  and  one 
sister  were  the  other  members  of  the  family, 
Joseph,  Fred  and  Allen,  all  in  Canada.  In 
1878,  Mr.  Robichaud  left  Canada  and  came  to 
Michigan  and  there  was  engaged  in  lumbering 
for  two  years.  We  next  see  him  in  King  coun- 
ty, Minnesota,  where  bridge  building  occupied 
him,  being  employed  on  the  Great  Northern 
and  Northern  Pacific  railroads  until  1892.  In 
that  year,  Mr.  Robichaud  came  to  Chelan  and 
turned  his  attention  to  prospecting  and  the  re- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


775 


suit  has  been  as  stated  above,  and  his  claims 
promise  in  the  near  future  to  become  one  of  the 
large  shippers  of  the  county.  In  addition  to 
prospecting  Mr.  Robichaud  has  given  consider- 
able attention  to  carpentering  and  ship  build- 
ing. 

Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  in  political  matters  is  a  Democrat.  Mr. 
Robichaud  has  never  seen  fit  to  embark  on  the 
matrimonial  sea  and  is  still  classed  with  the 
celebatarians  of  this  section. 


CAPT.  CHARLES  JOHNSON,  of  the 
firm  of  Johnson  &  Russell,  Lakeside,  Chelan 
county,  looks  every  inch  a  soldier  and  has  a 
brilliant  record  as  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  War. 
He  was  born  at  Neversink,  New  York,  July  8, 
1842,  the  son  of  Nicholas  and  Nancy  (Sheely) 
Johnson.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, Colonel  John  Johnson,  served  in  the  War 
of  1812.  Mrs.  Nancy  Johnson  was  a  native 
of  New  York,  her  parents  being  of  a  Connecti- 
cut family.  Her  mother  was  a  Grant,  de- 
scended from  the  Grant  brothers  who  came  over 
to  America  in  the  Mayflower.  General  Ulysses 
S.  Grant  was  a  member  of  the  same  family. 

With  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War  our  sub- 
ject, who  up  to  that  period  had  resided  at  Ne- 
versink, enlisted  in  August,  1861,  among  the 
first  three  hundred  thousand  called  for  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln.  Serving  at  first  as  a  private,  he 
was  promoted  through  the  different  grades  to 
that  of  Captain.  At  the  battle  of  Honey  Hill, 
November  30,  1864.  he  lost  a  leg  aljove  the 
ankle.  He  was  Captain  of  Company  K,  Fifty- 
Sixth  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  Charles 
H.  VanW3'ck,  and  participated  in  thirty-seven 
battles  and  skirmishes.  He  had  a  part  in  Mc- 
Clellan's  campaign  on  the  Peninsula,  1862,  in 
the  battles  of  Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  Fair 
Oaks,  Seven  Davs  fight,.  Z\IcClellan"s  retreat, 
Malvern  Hill.  July  3,  1863,  he  was  made  cap- 
tain for  gallantry  on  the  field.  Following  the 
loss  of  his  leg  he  was  in  the  hospital  thirty  days 
and  home  on  furlough  thirty  more.  He  then 
reported  for  duty  at  New  York  City,  where  he 
remained  until  mustered  out  with  his  regiment. 
He  then  engaged  in  mercantile  business  until 
1877,  when  he  came  to  Chicago,  going  to 
Wayne,  Nebraska,  in  1880.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  clerk  of  Wayne  county,  disposed 
of  his  mercantile  business,  served  one  term,  and 


in  1888  came  to  Chelan  county  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health.  He  removed  from  Wayne,  Ne- 
braska, with  his  family  and  four  neighbors, 
Benjamin  F.  Smith,  Tunis  Hardenburg,  E.  A. 
Emerson,  William  Morley  and  their  families. 
At  that  period  the  family  of  I.  A.  Navarre, 
mentioned  elsewhere,  were  the  only  residents 
on  Chelan  Lake.  The  Johnson  group  filed  on 
homesteads,  and  our  subject  now  lives  on  the 
best  developed  and  most  tastily  improved  five 
acres  of  land  in  that  locality,  in  a  large  two- 
story  house,  surrounded  by  a  fine  orchard,  over- 
looking the  lake.  He  grows  walnust,  almonds, 
peaches,  pears,  apples  and  grapes,  having  thirty 
varieties  of  apples,  six  varieties  of  peaches, 
prunes  and  plums,  and  seven  varieties  of 
grapes. 

The  first  marriage  of  Captain  Johnson  was 
performed  December  19,  1866,  at  Hasbrouck, 
New  York,  when  he  was  united  to  Hattie  De 
Puy,  a  native  of  the  same  state.  She  died  at 
Ashland,  Wisconsin,  in  1887,  while  visiting 
friends.  His  second  marriage  was  performed 
at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  January  12,  1888,  the 
bride  being  Clara  G.  Emmerson,  daughter  of 
William  and  Emily  (Hapgood)  Emmerson, 
both  natives  of  New  York  state.  Mrs.  Johnson 
has  two  brothers,  Eugene  H.,  a  hotel  man  in 
Missouri;  and  Charles  E.,  a  farmer  of  Benton 
Iowa,  and  one  of  subject's  little  colony,  who 
was  compelled  to  return  east  on  account  of  his 
fadier's  ill  health. 

The  fraternal  affiliations  of  ]\Ir.  Tohnson  are 
with  Chelan  Lodge,  No.  169,  I.  6.  O.  F..  of 
which  he  is  past  grand.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
grand  lodge,  and  has  been  deputy  grand  master 
of  the  district.  He  also  belongs  to  Lotus  Lodge 
No.  65,  K.  P.,  Wayne,  Nebraska;  and  to  Har- 
rison Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Chelan,  of  which  he  is 
past  commander. 

Mr.  Johnson  is  a  Republican,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  Okanogan  county  commissioners. 
He  has  been  a  delegate  to  Republican  county 
and  state  conventions.  Our  subject  has  sold 
many  lots,  but  still  retains  one  hundred  acres  of 
land.  He  is  largely  interested  and  principal 
owner  in  the  Blue  Jay  group  of  mines,  Meadow 
Creek  camp,  forty  miles  up  the  lake.  It  is  a 
copper  and  gold  proposition,  in  which  there  are 
six  hundred  feet  of  tunnel  and  drifts.  Ore  is 
ready  to  be  shipped  so  soon  as  transportation 
can  be  provided.  There  are  exposed  twelve 
feet  of  solid  ore. 


776 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mrs.  Johnson  died  on  October  26,  1903, 
and  was  buried  in  the  Fraternal  cemetery  at 
Chelan.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Cascade  Re- 
bekah  lodge.  Mrs.  Johnson  was  beloved  by  all 
and  her  demise  was  a  time  of  wide  spread  and 
sincere  mourning-. 


RUFUS  D.  JOHNSON,  an  enterprising 
mining  -man  and  manager  of  the  Chelan  Rail- 
road &  Navigation  Company,  resides  at  Chelan, 
Chelan  county.  He  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  born 
May  2-j,  i860. 

His  father,  David,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  and  they  were  pioneer  farmers 
of  the  state.  He  died  in  Kentucky  in  1890. 
The  mother,  Elizabeth  A.  (Riddle)  Johnson, 
was,  also,  born  in  Ohio,  and  her  parents  in 
Pennsylvania,  descendants  of  an  old  and  dis- 
tinguished family. 

Until  the  age  of  thirteen  our  subject  attend- 
ed public  schools  in  Northern  Indiana,  and  then 
began  the  world  for  himself.  He  first  went  to 
Chicago,  worked  in  various  employments,  and 
in  1878  went  to  Leadville,  Colorado,  remained 
one  year,  and  then  pushed  down  into  the  south- 
west portion  of  the  state,  and  engaged  in  min- 
ing. Before  he  was  eighteen  years  old  he  made 
his  first  sale,  and  he  remained  in  this  business 
until  1897,  making  Colorado  his  headquarters, 
from  which  he  radiated  into  Utah,  New  Mex- 
ico, Nevada  and  other  territory.  He  came  to 
Spokane  in  1897,  remaining  until  1901,  when 
he  went  to  Chelan  county  and  bonded  the  Hol- 
den  mine  for  the  Drummers  Development  Com- 
pany, a  party  of  commercial  traveling  men.  He 
organized  the  Chelan  Transportation  &  Smelt- 
ing Company,  of  which  he  was  manager  until 
February  i,  1903,  when  he  resigned  in  order  to 
attend  to  the  business  of  the  Chelan  Railway  & 
Navigation  Company,  and  his  personal  affairs. 
The  object  of  the  Chelan  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company  is  to  construct  an  electric  railway 
from  the  Columbia  river  to  Lake  Chelan,  and 
operate  a  line  of  steamers  on  the  lake.  The  en- 
terprise is  well  financed  by  ample  capital. 

Mr.  Johnson  has  two  brothers,  Harry  C, 
and  Charles  R.,  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana. 
March  19,  1900,  our  subject  was  married  at 
San  Francisco,  to  Cora  D.  Mack,  a  native  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Her  father,  Charles  D.,  is 
engaged  in  the  bonk  and  stationery  business  in 


the  same  city.  Her  mother  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky.  Mrs.  Johnson  has  one  brother,  Al- 
fred, a  school  boy  in  Cincinnati. 

Mr.  Johnson  owns  a  handsome,  two-story 
brick  residence,  of  ten  rooms,  with  modern  im- 
provements, at  Chelan  and  is  at  present  erect- 
ing a  two-story  and  basement  business  block  on 
Woodin  avenue.  Politically  he  is  a  Republi- 
can. 


HENRY  M.  CALDWELL,  lumljerman 
and  diversified  farmer,  residing  at  Antoine 
Flat,  ten  miles  north  of  Chelan,  Chelan  county, 
was  born  in  lona,  Michigan,  July  12,  1854,  the 
son  of  John  and  Mary  (Calvin)  Caldwell,  na- 
tives of  Portage  county.  Ohio.  The  Caldwells 
are  found  throughout  the  west,  are  an  old  and 
distinguished  family,  many  of  whom  were  early 
California  pioneers.  The  father  of  Henry  \\. 
died  at  Hartford,  VanBuren  county,  ^lichigan, 
in  January,  1893.  The  father  and  grandfather 
of  Mrs.  Caldwell  were  among  the  first  settlers 
of  Ohio,  and  fought  Indians  for  a  right  to  re- 
main in  the  territory.  Her  father,  prominent 
in  his  day,  was  one  of  the  contractors  on  the  old 
Mahoning  Canal. 

LTntil  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  our 
subject  remained  in  Michigan,  thence  coming 
to  the  Willamette  Valley,  Oregon,  where  he 
worked  at  various  employments  quite  success- 
fully. Later  he  returned  to  ^Michigan  and  fol- 
lowed the  lumljer  business,  but  the  panic  of 
1893  wrought  disaster  to  his  fortujies,  and  in 
1896,  he  went  to  Iowa,  where  he  wintered,  and 
the  following  spring  came  to  the  Palouse  coun- 
try, W'ashington.  In  1900  he  removed  to  Lake 
Chelan,  filing  on  a  homestead  on  Antoine  Flat. 
He  now  owns  a  one-third  interest  in  a  saw  mill, 
associated  with  Benjamin  Smith,  who  is  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  work.  He  has  one  sis- 
ter, Emily,  wife  of  Charles  ]Maynard,  Berrien 
county,  Michigan. 

Our  subject  was  married  at  Lawrence, 
Michigan,  October  10,  1884,  to  Hattie  Allen, 
a  native  of  Portage  county,  Ohio.  Her  father, 
Mark  Allen,  was  of  old  Revolutionary  stock,  of 
the  same  family  as  the  eminent  Ethan  Allen, 
and  many  of  them  were  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
pioneers.  The  Caldwells,  Calvins  and  Aliens 
w.ere  among  the  first  settlers  in  western  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  Ohio.  Her  mother.  Elizabeth 
(Barclay)  Allen,  was  a  native  of  Ohio.     Her 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


777 


father  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace  in  Port- 
age county,  and  distinguished  for  many  fine 
quaHties  of  head  and  heart.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Caldwell  have  four  cliilch-en,  Lee.  A'ern,  Hazel 
and  Arlie. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Caldwell  is  a  member  of 
Florida  Lodge  No.  309,  A.  F.  &  A.  M..  Hart- 
ford, Michigan,  and  the  K.  of  T.  M.,  Gaylord, 
Michigan. 


NOAH  N.  BROWN  is  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Brown  Bros.,  who  conduct  the  justly 
popular  and  well  known  Elberta  hotel  at  Wena- 
tchec.  The  establishment  is  all  that  can  be 
wished  by  a  traveling  public.  First  class  in  all 
its  appointments,  it  is  supplied  with  thirty-nine 
sleeping  apartments,  large  sample  rooms,  beau- 
tiful parlor,  commodious  office,  superb  dining 
room,  and  an  unexcelled  cuisine.  The  long 
and  varied  experience  of  our  subject  in  this 
line  of  work  vouchsafes  to  the  patrons  of  this 
hotel  the  best  accommodations  and  the  most 
kindly  and  experienced  management. 

Noah  N.  Brown  was  born  in  New  Albany, 
Indiana,  on  May  12,  1857,  the  son  of  Rheuben 
W.  N.  and  Melvina  B.  (Fisher")  Brown,  natives 
of  Indiana.  They  were  prominent  people  and 
early  pioneers  of  that  section.  The  mother's 
ancestors  were  among  the  founders  of  James- 
town, Virginia,  and  were  very  prominent  plant- 
ers. Our  subject  was  educated  in  Washing- 
ton, Indiana,  and  when  eighteen  came  to  Van- 
couver, Washington.  Being  of  an  active  and 
energetic  make-up,  from  that  time  until  the 
present  he  has  been  constantly  engaged  in  busi- 
ness. He  followed  merchandising,  clerking  in 
hotels,  handling  salmon  fisheries,  and  so  forth, 
and  then  went  to  Walla  \Valla  where  he  was 
associated  with  Ike  Chilburg,  in  the  Delmonico 
restaurant.  Later  he  was  clerking  in  the  Uma- 
tilla house,  at  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  then  in  the 
Villard  hotel  at  Pendleton.  After  this  Mr. 
Brown  was  engaged  in  a  restaurant  in  San 
Francisco  and  was  the  head  steward  of  the  Au- 
zerais  hotel,  in  San  Jose  and  finally  returned  to 
Washington  through  Oregon.  He  bought  a  re- 
linquishment to  a  homestead  above  Wena- 
tchee  in  1896,  commuted  and  disposed  of  his 
property.  Next  we  see  him  operating  the  For- 
rest house  in  Ellensburg,  then  in  Easton,  later 
again  in  Ellensburg,  where  he  bought  the  For- 


rest house,  which  was  consumed  by  fire  on  July 
4,  1889,  but  was  fully  insured.  The  next  six 
months  were  spent  in  traveling  in  Europe.  Re- 
turning to  America,  he  opened  the  Dayton,  at 
Dayton,  Washington,  in  1891,  then  he  came  to 
Wenatchee  and  built  the  Hotel  Watson,  which 
he  conducted  for  sixteen  months,  then  sold  it. 
He  visited  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  came 
back  to  Ellensburg,  operated  in  North  Yakima, 
was  in  California  and  Portland  and  finally 
went  to  the  Klondike,  via  Chilcoot  pass.  He 
got  to  Dawson,  September  21,  1897,  and  im- 
mediately was  engaged  as  night  clerk  at  $450 
per  month,  in  the  Green  Tree  hotel.  With  sev- 
eral others  he  laid  out  the  townsite  of  Eagle 
City,  now  Fort  Egbert,  and  made  considerable 
money.  He  sold  out  to  advantage,  then  follow- 
ed several  other  occupations.  In  1898  he  left 
the  country.  Returning  the  next  year  he  dis- 
posed of  his  business  interests  and  went  down 
the  Yukon  river  to  Nome.  Erecting  a  cabin 
on  property  he  secured  he  then  took  a  mail  con- 
tract from  Nome  to  St.  Michaels,  which  re- 
quired forty-three  days  to  make  the  trip  with  a 
dog  team.  Tiring  of  this,  he  sublet  his  con- 
tract and  went  to, sluicing  on  the  beach.  In  the 
fall  of  1900  he  sold  his  entire  interest  and  re- 
turned to  the  states.  For  eighteen  months  he 
was  out  of  business  and  then  went  into  the  hotel 
business  in  Reardon  with  his  brother,  George 
W.  One  year  later  they  came  to  Wenatchee 
and  bought  the  Bell  hotel,  which  they  have  en- 
tirely remodeled  and  refurnished  and  made  the 
Elberta,  as  stated  above.  Mr.  Brown  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  George  W.,  Rheuben 
W.,  and  Mrs.  Julia  Roe. 

On  November  i,  1883,  Mr.  Brown  was 
married  to  Miss  Addie  S.  Harrell,  a  native  of 
Monroe  county,  Indiana.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred at  Vancouver,  Washington.  Mr.  Brown 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Elks, 
and  is  quite  active  in  fraternal  matters.  He  is 
a  prominent  Republican  and  although  he  does 
not  seek  office  himself,  is  very  active  in  the  wel- 
fare of  his  party.  Mr.  Brown  is  one  of  the  pop- 
ular and  influential  men  of  Chelan  county  and 
is  fully  deserving  of  the  prominent  position 
which  he  holds  and  the  esteem  and  confidence 
so  generously  bestowed  by  his  host  of  friends. 

Mr.  Brown  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Commercial  Club,  which  was  organized  on 
April  20,  1903.  The  other  trustees  are  L.  V. 
Wells,  Ira  D.  Edwards,  Charles  Harlin,  and  C. 


778 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


E.  Stolil.    John  A.  Gellatly  is  president  and  H. 
C  Littleheld  is  secretary. 

While  conducting  the  mail  route  in  .Vlaska 
Mr.  Brown  was  associated  with  the  Eskimos 
very  intimately.  He  slept  and  dined  with  them 
and  in  fact  for  some  time  lived  with  them.  Thus 
he  became  well  acquainted  with  their  manner  of 
life,  habits,  and  so  forth.  After  coming  home 
he  spent  some  time  in  lecturing  about  them  and 
was  well  received  by  the  public.  Mr.  Brown 
holds  the  associations  with  them  among  the 
most  happy  incidents  of  his  Alaska  stay. 


CHARLES  H.  A.  FREYTAG.  Many  of 
our  leading  and  most  substantial  citizens  have 
come  to  us  from  the  fatherland  and  it  is  very 
pleasant  to  welcome  from  this  land  those  who 
have  the  enterprise  and  spirit  to  step  forth  in 
the  new  relations  and  assume  the  responsibilities 
of  living  in  a  new  country.  Such  a  one  is  the 
subject  of  this  article,  who  is  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  leading  farmers  in  the  Chum- 
stick  valley,  Chelan  county.  His  farm  lies 
about  seven  miles  up  the  Valley  from  Leaven- 
worth and  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  well  improved  and  devoted  to  raising 
fruit  and  general  and  diversified  crops.  Mr. 
Freytag  also  has  a  sawmill  which  he  has 
brought  in  for  the  accommodation  of  his  neigh- 
bors and  himself  and  it  cuts  as  much  lumber 
during  the  year  as  is  needed  for  the  community. 
Mr.  Freytag  possesses  good  mechanical  ability, 
as  is  evidenced  by  his  erection  and  operation  of 
the  saw  mill,  in  addition  to  attending  to  the 
duties  of  the  farm. 

Cliarles  H.  A.  Freytag -was  born  in  Ger- 
many on  September  25,  1854,  the  son  of  Carl 
and  Minnie  (Frevert)  Freytag,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. The  father  died  in  1874.  but  the  mother 
is  still  living.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters.  William.  Louise,  Dora  and 
Momie.  all  in  the  United  States.  Charles  was 
well  educated  in  Germany  and  received,  also, 
training  in  civil  engineering.  When  he  arrived 
at  man's  estate,  he  entered  the  regular  army  and 
for  three  years  served  in  the  civil  engineer  corps. 
It  was  1877  that  he  left  Germany  and  journeyed 
to  the  United  States.  He  traveled  to  various 
portions  of  the  W^est  and  Northwest  and  finally 
came  to  Washington,  in  1886.  For  five  years 
subsequent  thereto,  he  lived  in  Ellensburg,  then 


came  to  his  present  place  in  the  Chumstick  val- 
ley. 

In  1882,  at  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Freytag 
married  Miss  Matilda  Koch.  Mr.  Frevtag  is  a 
member  of  the  Foresters  and  politically  is  a 
strong  and  active  Republican.  He  has  been 
school  director  for  years  and  always  takes  a 
keen  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community 
and  is  progressive. 


HOWARD  A.  GRAHAM  is  the  efficient 
and  popular  treasurer  of  Chelan  county  at  the 
present  term.  L'pon  the  organization  of  the 
county,  he  was  appointed  to  this  position  and 
in  1900.  was  elected  for  two  years.  So  well 
had  he  filled  the  position  that  in  1902  he  was 
asked  by  the  people  to  again  assume  the  duties 
and  responsibilities  of  that  office.  He  is  a  capa- 
ble business  man  and  has  had  lots  of  experience 
in  various  places  while  his  integrity  and  up- 
rightness are  always  in  evidence. 

Howard  A.  Graham  was  born  in  Davis 
county,  Iowa,  on  October  27,  1853,  the  son  of 
William  C.  and  Sarah  (Patterson)  Graham, 
natives  of  Tennessee  and  Ohio,  respectively. 
The  father's  ancestors  were  prominent  people 
in  Virginia  and  the  mother's  family  came  from 
Scotch  ancestry.  The  former  was  called  to  the 
realm  beyond  in  1887  and  the  mother  passed 
away  when  Howard  was  a  lad  of  four.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  when  twenty- 
eight  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Car- 
roll, Iowa.  Three  years  later  he  removed  to 
Custer  county,  Nebraska,  and  after  seven  years 
of  good  work  there,  in  1889  he  came  thence  to 
Lake  Chelan.  During  the  first  year  he  charter- 
ed the  Omaha  and  did  a  general  passenger  and 
freight  business  on  the  lake.  The  next  venture 
was  a  mercantile  establishment  which  he  oper- 
ated successfully  for  tiie  intervening  time  until 
he  was  appointed  county  treasurer.  Mr.  Gra- 
ham has  real  estate  in  \\'enatchee  and  Chelan 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Graham  has  two  brothers  and  five  sis- 
ters, A.  Marion,  William  L.,  Arrabella  Cod- 
dington,  Martha  J.  Spurgeon,  Sarah  M.  Hos- 
kins,  Ida  M.  Bennett  and  Josephine  E.Stewart. 
The  marriage  of  Mr.  Graham  and  Miss  Alice 
M.,  daughter  of  Max  and  Nancy  E.  Caldwell, 
occurred  on  December  23,  1873,  at  Bloomfield, 
Iowa.    Mrs.  Graham's  parents  were  natives  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


779 


Pennsylvania  and  the  fatlier  died  in  1887,  while 
the  mother  passed  away  in  Chelan  in  1894. 
Mrs.  Graham  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  James  ^^^,  Coraline  E.  Townsend  and 
Lydia  E.  Barneby.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Graham 
have  been  born  four  children,  Charles  E..  Grace 
Seha,  Earl,  and  Harry,  deceased.  Mr.  Graham 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  W.  \V.  and  has 
filled  the  chairs  in  both  orders.  Politically  he  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Graham  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 
She  has  been  a  teacher  and  was  very  successful 
in  that  line. 


ALLEN  C.  SHAAIEL  lives  about  seven- 
teen miles  up  the  Entiat  ri\-er,  near  the  town  of 
Entiat,  on  a  homestead  of  eighty  acres,  which 
he  took  from  the  government  in  1900.  Since 
that  time,  he  has  given  his  attention  entirely  to 
the  improvement  of  the  farm.  He  has  made  a 
good  showing  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men 
of  the  valley. 

Allen  C.  Shamel  was  born  in  Meigs  county, 
Ohio,  on  July  16,  1870.  His  father,  George  W. 
Shamel,  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  where  he  still 
lives.  He  served  three  years  and  ten  months  in 
the  Sixth  Ohio  Battery,  being  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  most  of  the  time.  He  participated 
in  many  battles  and  was  wounded  at  Chicka- 
mauga.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  Mary  Ann 
(Blackwood)  Shamel  is  also  a  native  of  Ohio 
and  lives  there  at  the  present  time.  The  pater- 
nal grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of 
North  Carolina  and  married  a  Miss  Stannart. 
He  went  to  California  during  the  gold  excite- 
ment in  1849  'i''"^^  '^^''^s  never  heard  from  after- 
ward. In  1891  our  subject  had  completed  his 
educational  training  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  place  and  journeyed  to  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  state:  thence  he  came  to  Peoria,  Illi- 
nois, where  he  learned  the  jeweler's  trade; 
thence  he  went  to  Kansas  and  fcillowed  his 
trade  until  his  health  failed.  In  1900,  as  stated 
above,  he  came  direct  to  Chelan  county,  settling 
where  we  now  find  him. 

On  October  16,  1901,  Mr.  Shamel  married 
Miss  Ida  M..  daughter  of  David  B.  and  Sarah 
(McDonald)  Clouse,  a  native  of  Kansas,  in 
which  state  the  wedding  occurred.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  mother  of 
Ohio,  and  they  are  both  now  dwelling  in  north- 
western Kansas.    To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clouse  five 


children   were  born:     Charles   ]\I.,   deceased; 
Rosa  E. ;  George  A. ;  Ida  M. ;  David  W, 

Mr.  Shamel  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  is  a  Republican ;  still  he  does  not  take  as 
active  a  part  in  political  matters  as  some,  but 
nevertheless  evinces  a  keen  interest  in  the  wel- 
fare of  the  community  and  especially  in  educa- 
tional matters. 


OZIAS  D.  JOHNSON,  the  pioneer  jeweler 
and  optician  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  was 
born  in  Albany,  Clinton  county,  Kentucky,  De- 
cember 19,  1849.  His  father,  John  Johnson, 
was  also  a  Kentuckian,  but  the  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  Connecti- 
cut, of  Iinglish  ancestry,  which  for  many  gen- 
erations had  been  prominent  in  the  state.  The 
mother,  Mary  (Wright)  Johnson,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Kentucky  where  she  still  lives. 

Wayne  county,  Kentucky,  was  the  scene 
of  young  Johnson's  toyhood  days,  where  he  at- 
tended the  public  schools  and  was  graduated 
from  the  Kendrick  Institute,  at  Monticello. 
Soon  after  gaining  his  majority  he  engaged  in 
the  jewelry  business,  which  he  has  followed 
ever  since  in  Kentucky,  La  Plata,  Missouri, 
Wellington,  Kansas,  Scott  City,  Kansas,  Pue- 
blo, Colorado  and  Seattle,  Washington.  In 
1895  lis  came  to  ^^■enatchee  and  associating 
h'imself  with  his  son,  J.  Alvis  Johnson,  opened 
the  first  jewelry  store  in  \\'enatchee.  The  latter 
died  Februar}-  22.  1903. 

'Mr.  Johnson  has  two  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter, Thomas  L.  and  Henry  L.,  farmers  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  Eninier  A.,  wife  of  Porter  Riley,  re- 
siding near  Albany,  Kentucky.  At  the  latter 
place,  February  19,  1871,  our  subject  was  mar- 
ried to  Lavina  R.  Cole,  a  native  of  Albany. 
Her  father,  James  Cole,  was  a  Kentucky  farm- 
er, who  died  near  Albany  in  1883.  The  father 
of  the  latter  was  a  native  of  Cape  Cod.  Massa- 
chusetts, descended  from  an  old  English  family. 
Mrs.  Johnson  has  two  brothers  living,  Samuel, 
of  Albany,  Kentucky,  and  James  L.,  of  Well- 
ington, Kansas — both  farmers.  She  has  four 
sisters,  living:  Martha,  Eliza,  Margaret  and 
Caroline.  Martha  is  the  widow  of  John  Dalton, 
Eliza,  the  widow  of  Henry  Shelly,  Margaret, 
the  wife  of  Isaac  Lee,  and  Caroline,  the  widow 
of  John  Balenger. 

Three  children  have  been  born  to  ]\Ir.  and 
Mrs.  Johnson,  J.    Alvis,    Mary    M.,  wife    of 


78o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


George  E.  Harmon,  a  Seattle  millman,  and 
William  H.,  now  living  at  home.  Mr.  Johnson 
is  a  member  of  Riverside  Lodge  No.  112,  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.  and  Wenatchee  Chapter,  No.  22,  R. 
A.  M.,  Astral  Chapter.  U.  D.  O.  E.  S.,  Wena- 
tchee. Knights  of  Pythias,  Rathbone  Sisters, 
and  St.  John's  Commandery,  Knights  Templar, 
\\"ellington,  Kansas.  Mrs.  Johnson  is  a  de- 
vout and  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist 
church.  Politically  Mr.  Johnson  affiliates  with 
the  Republican  party,  but  is  not  an  active  par- 
tisan. 

The  father  of  our  subject  was  a  captain  in 
the  Twelfth  Kentucky  Infantry,  serving  in  the 
federal  army.  He  owns  the  lot  and  business 
building  occupied  by  his  jewelry  store,  and  a 
substantial  residence  five  blocks  from  there,  on 
Mission  street. 


DANIEL  C.  WOLF  resides  about  three 
miles  from  Entiat  on  a  farm,  which  he  gained 
partly  by  homestead  right  and  partly  by  pur- 
chase from  the  railroad  company.  A  fine  large 
'barn,  beautiful  residence  and  other  improve- 
ments adorn  the  farm  and  Mr.  Wolf  is  occupied 
with  fru'it  raising  and  general  farming.  He  is 
a  man  of  stability  and  has  shown  himself  deeply 
interested  in  the  affairs  of  the  community  and 
the  progress  of  the  country. 

Daniel  C.  \Volf  was  born  on  August  4, 
1866,  in  Fort  Seneca,  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Daniel  and  Ann  M.  (Baker) 
\\'olf,  natives  of  Tiffin.  Ohio.  The  father  serv- 
ed in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eightieth  Ohio  In- 
fantry in  the  Civil  War.  The  paternal  ances- 
tors came  from  Pennsylvania.  Our  subject  has 
two  brothers  and  three  sisters  :  William,  living 
on  the  Entiat :  Leslie,  in  Ohio :  Frances,  wife 
of  R.  Osborne,  in  Ohio:  Annie,  wife  of  James 
Bear,  in  Ohio;  and  Lottie,  living  at  home. 
From  the  public  schools  of  the  Buckeye  state, 
Mr.  Wolf  gained  his  education  and  remained 
with  his  father  until  1886,  when  he  journeyed 
to  Colorado  and  took  up  farming.  Two  years 
were  spent  in  that  state,  after  which  he  came  to 
\\'hatcom,  Washington.  He  spent  some  time 
on  the  sound  and  in  other  portions  of  this  state 
and  in  1898  located  on  his  present  place. 

.\t  Whatcom,  in  1892,  Mr.  \\'olf  married 
Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary 
(Carlsyskin)  Houck.  She  came  with  her  pa- 
rents from  Wisconsin  in  1890,  and  her  father 


follows  carpentering  on  the  sound,  living  in 
Tacoma.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wolf  the  following 
children  have  been  born  :  Hazel  Bell,  aged  ten ; 
Kay  R.,aged  eight;  Dorris  Juanita.aged  seven; 
Alta  Mabel,  aged  six;  Alma  Rignetta,  aged 
four;  Theodore  Clinton,  aged  two. 

Fraternallv  Mr.  Wolf  is  connected  with  the 
A.  O.  U.  W'.,  the  M.  W.  A.  and  Order  of 
Washington.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  holds  the 
offices  of  school  director  and  road  supervisor. 


CARL  CHRISTENSEN  is  the  present 
genial  and  efficient  incumbent  of  the  county 
clerk's  office  of  the  county  of  Chelan.  He  was 
chosen  by  the  people  in  1902,  his  name  appear- 
ing on  the  Republican  ticket,  but  in  every  pre- 
cinct he  was  far  ahead  of  his  ticket  and  the 
handsome  majority  of  two  hundred  and  forty- 
three  showed  in  what  esteem  the  good  people 
of  the  county  placed  Mr.  Christensen.  He  has 
manifested  in  this  capacity  the  same  qualities 
of  worth  and  substantiality  which  characterized 
him  in  his  walk  heretofore  and  he  is  favored 
with  implicit  confidence  from  the  people. 

Carl  Christensen  was  born  in  Denmark,  on 
September  9.  1864,  the  son  of  Christ  and  Chris- 
tena  (Peterson)  Christensen,  both  natives  of 
Denmark,  where  they  died  in  March,  1903  and 
in  1 89 1,  respectively.  Our  subject  received  a 
good  training  from  the  common  and  high 
schools  of  his  home  place  and  in  1887  came 
thence  to  the  United  States.  He  journeyed  on 
to  Minnesota  and  for  two  years  he  was  busied 
in  studying  in  the  schools  to  gain  the  language 
and  later  finished  in  the  Minneapolis  Business 
college.  Next  we  see  him  in  Davenport,  \\'ash- 
ington,  and  there  he  followed  railroad  contract- 
ing in  the  construction  department  on  the 
Washington  Central. 

In  the  spring  of  1892,  yiv.  Christensen 
came  to  Wenatchee  and  accepted  a  position  as 
bookkeeper  for  Wood  Brothers,  a  contracting 
firm  on  the  Great  Northern  construction.  The 
next  year  he  was  in  the  same  capacity  for  F.  A. 
Losekamp.  a  general  merchant  at  Leavenworth, 
where  he  remained  for  several  years.  In  1896, 
Mr.  Christensen  was  appointed  postmaster  at 
Leavenworth,  where  he  continued  a  faithful 
and  popular  incumbent  until  his  election  to  the 
office  of  county  clerk. 

Mr.  Christensen  has  alwavs  taken  a  keen 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


781 


interest  in  the  political  questions  of  the  day  and 
has  been  an  influential  worker  in  the  conven- 
tions, both  county  and  state. 

At  Spokane,  Washington,  on  March  19, 
1896,  Mr.  Christensen  married  Miss  Lonnie 
Nyborg,  of  Hutchinson,  Minnesota.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  the  fruit  of  this  union,  William 
H.,  born  June  19,  1897;  and  Clifford  R.,  born 
September  19,  1898. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christensen  are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  church,  while  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  \l.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 


IRA  D.  EDWARDS  is  an  active,  enterpris- 
ing young  man  of  ^^'enatchee,  Chelan  county. 
engaged  in  the  real  estate;  insurance  and  loan 
business.  He  was  born  in  Hastings,  Nebraska, 
February  13,  1879.  His  parents,  William  W. 
and  Margaret  J-  Edwards,  were  natives  of 
Wales,  coming  to  the  United  States  in  1680, 
and  settling  in  Pennsylvania,  removing  to  Ne- 
braska later.  The  father  was  a  miner  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  a  farmer  and  business  man  in  Ne- 
braska. The  parents  now  reside  in  Seattle, 
Washington,  where  tliey  lead  a  retired  life. 

Until  the  age  of  ten  years,  Ira  D.  Edwards 
passed  his  time  in  Nebraska  and  attended  the 
public  schools.  The  family  then  removed  to 
Seattle,  Washington,  and  here  Ira  found  em- 
ployment as  cash  boy  in  the  extensive  mercan- 
tile firm  of  Chester  Cleary.  At  the  age  of  thir- 
teen he  matriculated  in  the  "Acme  Business 
College,"  remaining  one  term.  This  education- 
al privilege  was.  however,  confined  to  evening 
studies.  When  Newhall  &  Company  purchased 
the  stock  of  Chester  Clarey,  young  Edwards 
remained  with  the  new  firm  four  years,  rising 
from  cash  boy  to  manager  of  the  wrapping  and 
shipping  department,  taking  this  responsible  po- 
sition when  he  was  but  sixteen  years  of  age, 
and  having  full  charge  of  delivery  wagons, 
cash  boys,  wrapping  and  shipping  clerks.  In 
this  position  he  remained  four  years. 

He  first  came  to  Wenatchee  to  pass  a 
month's  vacation,  but  was  so  favorably  im- 
pressed with  the  possibilities  of  the  country  that 
he  decided  to  remain.  The  first  year  he  leased 
a  fruit  ranch,  and  met  with  fair  succeess  in  the 
enterprise.  The  following  three  years  he  was 
in  charge  of  the  dry  goods  department  of  D.  A. 
Beal.     Realizing  the  flattering  prospects  of  the 


magnificent  valley  of  the  Columbia,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Wenatchee,  our  subject,  in  1902,  decided 
to  engage  in  the  real  estate  business.  He 
handles  irrigated  fruit  and  wheat  lands,  city 
property,  loans,  investments,  insurance,  etc. 

Mr.  Edwards  has  one  brother  and  sister, 
Earl  W.,  a  school  boy  in  Seattle,  and 
Sadie  M.,  residing  in  the  Seattle  home 
of  her  parents.  Our  subject  is  a  member 
of  Riverside  Lodge,  No.  112,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  is  Noble  Grand  of  Lodge  No. 
157,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Wenatchee,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Wenatchee  Com- 
mercial Club.  He  owns  a  business  building  of 
which  he  occupies  a  portion,  renting  the  rest, 
and  other  business,  residence  and  acerage  pro- 
perties. 


EDMUND  WALLBERG,  a  prosperous 
and  enterprising  farmer,  near  Wenatchee,  Che- 
lan county,  was  born  in  Sweden,  November 
16,  1859.  His  parents,  Perry  U.  and  Amelia 
Wallberg,  were  natives  of  Sweden,  where  the 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  four  years 
of  age.  Shortly  after  her  decease  the  father, 
with  our  subject,  came  to  the  United  States, 
and  at  first  settled  at  Fort  Atkinson,  \\'iscon- 
sin.  He  was  a  Baptist  minister,  and  his  itiner- 
ary embraced  many  of  the  western  states.  He 
died  in  Iowa  in  1868. 

Our  subject  was  reared  principally  in  Al- 
lamakee county,  Iowa,  until  he  was  eight  years 
of  age.  He  then  worked  out  by  the  month,  at- 
tended district  school,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
began  railroad  work,  at  which  he  continued 
four  years.  In  March,  1884,  he  came  to  the 
"Big  Bend  Country,"  where  he  secured  land 
near  Waterville,  Douglas  county,  and  continued 
farming.  After  a  short  visit  to  Seattle,  he  came 
to  his  preseent  location,  near  Wenatchee,  where 
he  has  sixty  acres  of  fine  land  under  cultivation. 
It  is  devoted  to  alfalfa  and  gardening.  He  has 
also  a  young  orchard.  Our  subject's  sister. 
Louise,  is  the  wife  of  Oscar  Jensen,  Rock  Isl- 
and, Illinois. 

At  Waterville,  Douglas  county.  Novemlier 
4,  1889,  Mr.  Wallberg  was  married  to  Ella 
Owens,  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon.  Her  fa- 
ther, Robert  Owens,  a  native  of  Iowa,  crossed 
the  plains  in  1852,  accompanied  by  her  mother 
and  sister.    He  now  lives  at  Peoria,  Linn  coun- 


783 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ty,  Oregon.     Her  mother,  Castilla    (Kirkpa*-- 
rick)  Owens,  is  a  native  of  Iowa. 

Three  children  have  come  to  bless  the  home 
of  our  subject,  Ivor  O.,  Castilla  L.  and  Mabel 
E.  Mr.  Wallberg  is  a  member  of  the  Brother- 
hood of  American  Yeomen,  of  Wenatchee.  Al- 
thought  he  is  a  Democrat  by  political  affiliation, 
he  professes  a  strong  friendship  for  Roosevelt, 
and  will,  doubtless,  vote  for  him. 


GEORGE  W.  BROWN,  of  the  firm  of 
Brown  Brothers,  proprietors  of  the  Elberta 
Hotel,  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  now  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  has  led  a  most  adventur- 
ous life,  the  story  of  which  would  comprise 
many  interesting  and  sensational  chapters. 

He  was  born  at  New  Albany.  Indiana, 
August  31,  1863,  the  son  of  Reuben  W.  N.  and 
IMelvina  B.  Brown.  He  has  two  brothers, 
Noah  N.,  his  partner,  and  Reuben  A.,  a  farmer 
at  Browji's  Flat,  and  a  sister,  Mrs.  Julia  A. 
Roe,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  w-ork.  He 
was  reared  in  western  Indiana  until  the  age  of 
fourteen,  when  his  parents  came  to  Vancouver, 
Washington,  whence  his  brother,  Noah,  had 
preceded  them.  This  was  in  1877,  and  in 
1880  he  began  working  in  the  timber,  continu- 
ing the  same  employment  for  two  years.  He 
then  went  to  California  and  became  foreman  of 
a  farm,  thirty  miles  from  Sacramento,  and  in 
1885  he  returned  to  Vancouver,  going  thence 
to  The  Dalles  with  his  brother  Noah,  and 
thence  to  the  Wenatchee  valley.  In  1886-7  ^^^ 
traveled  extensively  over  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia on  horseback,  and  returning  to  the  We- 
natchee valley  engaged  in  the  stock  business 
until  1898.  That  year  he  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  Second  Washington  Battery,  and  went  into 
camp  at  Vancouver,  remaining  there  until  Oc- 
tober 21,  when  he  was  mustered  out.  The  fol- 
lowing spring  he  went  to  Alaska,  where  he 
suffered  untold  hardships  amid  inhospitable 
tribes  of  Indians  and  the  rigors  of  that  frozen 
El  Dorado,  At  one  period  he  was  compelled 
to  subsist  on  horse,  at  another,  on  dog  meat. 
The  errand  of  the  party  with  whom  he  was  as- 
sociated was  to  discover  an  all-American  route 
to  the  Yukon,  and  in  the  search  they  traversed 
land  where  probably  no  white  man  had  ever 
trod  before.  They  discovered  "Simpson  Pass" 
and  cut  their  way  through  the  heavy  brush 


along  the  route.  At  Fort  Gibbons  their 
Thanksgiving  dinner  consisted  of  one  small 
ptarmigan  for  six  people — with  appetites. 

Our  subject  then  left  the  government  ser- 
\-ice  and  returned  to  Wenatchee,  later  going  to 
Reardan,  Lincoln  county,  where,  with  his 
brother  Noah,  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  busi- 
ness. Fraternally,  Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of 
the  Odd  Fellows,  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  His 
political  affiliations  are  staunchly  Republican, 
although  he  is  by  no  means  an  active  partisan. 
In  the  community  in  which  he  resides  he  is  a 
most  popular  citizen  and  highly  esteemed  by 
all  friends  and  acquaintances. 

Mr.  Brown  being  of  an  energetic  and  ad- 
venturous disposition,  finds  it  difficult  to  re- 
main a  resident  in  one  locality,  and  so  travels 
extensively.  One  reminiscence  of  his  life,  of 
which  he  carries  the  marks,  was  an  attempted 
hold-up  by  a  robber  at  one  in  the  morning, 
while  in  a  California  hotel.  Mr.  Brown  re- 
sisted the  ruffian  and  received  a  wound  in  the 
arm.  He  adroitly  escaped  the  would-be  mur- 
derer, however,  and  later  gave  information 
which  led  to  his  capture  and  conviction  to  the 
penitentiary  for  a  term. 


FRANK  D.  SLAWSON,  of  Chelan 
county,  a  prosperous  Mission  creek  farmer, 
was  born  in  Delaware  county.  New  York.  His 
father,  Eben  Slawson,  now  residing  with  our 
subject,  at  ^fission,  is  a  native  of  New  York, 
born  September  21,  1824.  During  the  Civil 
war  he  was  a  member  of  Company  G,  Colonel 
Whistler's  heavy  artillery,  enlisting  in  1864. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  thigh  and  otherwise 
disabled,  and  is  now  totally  blind.  His  father, 
the  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  partici- 
pated in  the  war  of  181 2.  The  paternal  great- 
grandfather of  Frank  D.  was  a  captain  in  the 
Revolution.  The  mother,  Louisa  P.  (Green) 
Slawson,  also  a  native  of  the  Empire  state, 
now  lives  with  her  husband  in  a  home  adjoining 
her  son's,  near  Mission.  Her  grandfather  was 
born  in  the  United  States ;  her  grandmother  in 
Germany.  Two  of  her  brothers,  Lewis  and 
Willard  Green,  served  in  the  Civil  war. 

When  our  subject  was  eight  years  old  his 
parents  removed  to  Minnesota,  remaining  there 
nine  years,  thence  going  to  Iowa,  and  thence  to 
Montana,      Frank.  D.,   however,   remained   in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


783 


Iowa  three  years,  and  then  followed  his  pa- 
rents to  Montana.  Two  and  a  half  years  sub- 
sequently he  made  a  trip  to  the  Black  Hills,  but 
sold  out  his  interest  in  that  locality  and  in 
March,  1890,  came  to  his  present  location  at 
Mission.  His  parents  had  preceded  him. 
They  had  purchased  three-fourths  of  a  section 
of  land,  extending  a  mile  along  Mission  creek. 
They  have  since  disposed  of  all  but  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres,  which  they  own  jointly 
with  their  son. 

The  latter  has  one  brother,  Willard  G., 
who  for  many  years  has  not  been  heard  from. 
He  has  one  sister  living,  Elsie,  wife  of  Owen 
Lovering,  a  Montana  farmer  and  stock  raiser. 
July  5,  1880,  our  subject  was  married  at 
Marysville,  Missouri,  to  Delilah  Moore,  a  na- 
tive of  Iowa.  Her  parents  were  Kentuckians, 
her  father,  John  D.  Moore,  dying  in  Arkansas, 
in  1893.  Her  mother,  Mary  (Brown)  Moore, 
resides  in  Lewis,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Slawson  has  two 
brothers,  Jabez  and  Edward,  and  four  sisters, 
Ellen,  Allie,  Elizabeth  and  Mary.  She  is  the 
mother  of  two  children,  Audrie,  a  girl  aged 
sixteen,  and  Earl,  aged  three  years.  Mr.  Slaw- 
son had  one  sister,  deceased,  who  was  the  wife 
of  George  F.  Grant. 

Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Mission 
camp,  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republican,  but  not 
an  active  participant  in  the  various  party  cam- 
paigns. 


JAMES  L.  WEYTHMAN,  one  of  the  en- 
terprising, broad-minded  and  progressive  far- 
mers of  Chelan  county,  resides  in  a  beautiful 
home,  surrounded  by  all  the  conveniences  of 
ranch  life,  a  few  miles  from  Monitor.  Wash- 
ington. Kansas  is  the  state  of  his  nativity, 
and  the  date  of  his  birth,  January  7,  i860.  His 
parents,  John  B.  and  Frances  (Smith)  Weyth- 
man,  were  natives  of  Germany.  The  father 
came  to  this  country  early  in  the  '30s  and  lo- 
cated at  New  Orleans.  Louisiana.  In  the  Mex- 
ican war  he  participated,  as  scout,  and  died  in 
Kansas,  August  12,  1889.  The  mother  had 
previously  passed  away  in  1863. 

Until  the  age  of  twenty-one  our  subject 
worked  and  attended  school  in  Kansas.  In 
1882  he  went  to  Washington,  rented  a  farm 
near  Vancouver,  which  he  continued  to  work 
three  years.  In  1885  he  came  to  the  Wenat- 
chee  valley,  and  filed  on  a  quarter  section  of 


land,  his  present  home,  located  on  what  is 
known  as  "Brown's  Flat,"  and  first  settled  by 
our  subject  and  three  Brown  brothers,  else- 
where mentioned.  He  has  a  fine  bearing  or- 
chard, and  last  season  sold  eight  hundred  boxes 
of  fruit.  His  home  is  a  handsome,  two-story 
house,  surrounded  by  an  extensive  lawn.  He 
has  wintered  as  many  as  fifty  head  of  stock. 
Our  subject  has  five  brothers,  Louis,  Benjamin, 
Charles,  George  and  Joseph  S.,  and  four  sis- 
ters, Julia  Silvers,  Rosina  Gordon,  Mary  In- 
gersoll,  and  Ellen  Raife. 

At  Ellensburg,  Washington,  March  4, 
1 891,  Mr.  Weythman  was  married  to  Mary 
Elizabeth  Boyle,  born  near  Clayton,  Adams 
county,  Illinois,  January  15,  1862.  Her  fa- 
ther, Charles  Boyle,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  is 
of  Irish  descent,  but  the  family  is  an  old  Ken- 
tucky, one,  dating  back  many  generations.  At 
present  he  lives  at  McComb,  Illinois.  The 
mother,  Mary  (Donaldson)  Boyle,  was  also  a 
native  Kentuckian.  She  died  when  Mrs. 
\Veythman  was  eight  years  old.  The  latter 
has  one  brother  and  two  half  brothers,  Charles, 
and  John  and  Henry  C.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Weythman  have  been  born  five  children,  Bes- 
sie, Chester,  John,  Ruth,  and  Leslie.  Our 
subject  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  being 
Past  Master  Workman,  and  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
Both  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  De- 
gree of  Honor.  Politically,  Mr.  Weythman  is 
a  Republican,  though  not  an  active  worker  in 
the  party.  He  is  an  excellent  citizen,  highly 
esteemed  and  ever  alert  to  the  welfare  of  the 
community  in  which  he  resides. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  interesting  to 
note  that  Mr.  Weythman  was  obliged  to  pack 
his  household  goods  to  his  present  place  on 
horses  and  only  then  could  he  reach  his  claim  bv 
fording  the  Wenatchee  river  several  times.  He 
remarks  that  jackrabbits  and  coyotes  were  the 
only  settlers  when  he  arrived.  He  was  ac- 
companied by  G.  W.  Brown,  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  volume  and  the  two  spent  the  first 
winter  in  a  small  log  cabin  and  he  gives  the  bill 
of  fare  as  follows,  bacon,  beans,  coffee,  and 
sour  dough  bread.  However,  they  were  enabled 
to  bag  considerable  game,  as  deer  was  plenti- 
ful and  the  winter  passed  pleasantly.  He  and 
Mr.  Brown  erected  the  first  wheel  to  raise 
water  out  of  the  Wenatchee  river,  and  although 
the  same  has  been  in  use  for  thirteen  years,  it 
is  still  raising  water  for  their  orchards. 


784 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


HORATIO  B.  GRAY,  residing  at  Entiat, 
Chelan  county,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  gen- 
eral merchandise  business,  was  born  at  St. 
George,  New  Brunswick,  JMarch  2,  1864.  His 
father,  George  H.,  is  a  native  of  Penobscot 
county,  Maine,  born  November  6,  1834,  and  a 
sketch  of  his  life  appears  elsewhere.  His 
mother,  Mary  (Baker)  Gray,  is  a  native  of 
Machias,  ]\Iaine. 

The  boyhood  days  of  our  subject,  until  the 
age  of  seven  years,  were  passed  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, when  the  family  removed  to  Maine.  Here 
he  was  afforded  the  privilege  of  public  schools. 
When  twenty-two  years  old  he  went  to  Min- 
neapolis, Minnnesota,  and  three  years  subse- 
quently removed  to  Pug'et  Sound,  remaining 
five  years.  Joining  his  family  at  Lewiston, 
Idaho,  he  shortly  afterward  went  to  Portland, 
and  for  two  years  he  was  running  on  the  rivers 
from  Portland  to  Astoria,  as  mate  and  pilot. 
He  then  joined  his  family  at  Spokane,  and  in 
1890  came  to  his  present  location.  He  con- 
ducts a  general  store,  which  he  opened  in  1900. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Gray  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  and  is  a  Republican,  but  not  ac- 
tively engaged  in  the  various  campaigns. 


ENOCH  MORRIS  resides  about  three 
miles  south  from  Wenatchee  and  is  known  as 
one  of  the  industrious  and  substantial  citizens 
of  Chelan  county.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and 
■  has  wrought  with  display  of  wisdom  in  the  good 
work  of  opening  the  country  and  in  building 
for  himself  a  pleasant  home. 

Enoch  Morris  was  born  in  Bowie  county, 
Texas,  on  February  3,  1842,  the  son  of  Seth 
Morris,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  The  father  came 
to  Texas  with  his  parents  when  a  lad,  and  his 
father,  the  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject, 
w-as  with  Sam  Houston  in  his  struggle  for  the 
independence  of  Texas.  Seth  Morris,  the  father 
of  our  subject,  shod  the  horse  David  Crockett 
rode  when  he  was  on  the  way  to  the  Alamo,  at 
San  Antonio. 

Enoch  Morris  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Texas  and  there  remained  until  1887,  in  wdiich 
year  he  came  to  Washington.  He  located  in 
Tacoma,  then  a  village,  and  six  weeks  later  he 
W'ent  to  Oregon.  Two  months  there  and  we 
see  Mr.  Morris  in  California,  whence  he  came  in 
eight  months  to  Tacoma,  and  eight  months  later 


went  to  North  Yakima.  Two  years  were  spent 
there  in  farming,  after  which  he  removed  to 
Douglas  county.  Mr.  Morris  took  a  homestead 
there  but  abandoned  it  later  on  account  of  the 
lack  of  water.  Next  he  located  on  Slim  Flat, 
where  his  property  was  Uestroyed  by  the  high 
water  of  the  Columbia  in  1894.  Then  Mr.  Mor- 
ris removed  to  his  present  place  and  here  has 
been  devoting  himself  to  general  farming  and 
fruit  raising. 

In  Texas,  on  Novemljer  10,  1859,  Mr.  Mor- 
ris married  Miss  Catherine  J.  Collon,  who  was 
born  in  Bowie  county,  that  state.  To  them 
have  been  born  the  following  named  children, 
Richard,  E.  F.,  J.  L.,  Seth,  George,  Jacob, 
Edward,  Jennie,  Cora,  Ida,  Lemuel,  and  Ada. 
Mr.  Morris  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
while  in  political  matters,  he  is  a  Democrat. 
During  the  Civil  War,  Mr.  Morris  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Twenty-ninth  Texas,  Company  A. 
He  participated  in  numerous  engagements  and 
did  faithful  service  as  a  soldier. 

Mr.  Morris  is  decidedly  a  self  made  man 
and  has  always  manifested  a  determination  to 
accomplish  the  enterprises  he  undertook,  which, 
dominated,  as  it  has  been,  by  wisdom  and  ex- 
cellent judgment,  has  brought  him  the  success 
that  is  gratifying.  When  ten  years  of  age, 
he  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  father, 
and  then  he  remained  on  the  old  homestead 
where  he  was  reared,  and  there  raised  his  own 
family,  until  the  time  came  when  he  journeyed 
farther  north. 


ENOCH  F.  MORRIS,  who  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  Wenatchee  valley  since  the  state 
of  Washington  was  admitted  into  the  union,  is 
now  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  fruit 
raisers  of  Chelan  county,  residing  a  short  dis- 
tance from  Wenatchee. 

He  was  born  in  Denton  county,  Texas, 
April  16,  1863.  His  father,  Enoch  Morris, 
was  one  of  the  earliest  Texan  pioneers,  and  be- 
came a  prominent  figure  in  the  history  of  that 
state.  He  first  located  in  what  is  now  Bowie 
county,  subsequently  removing  to  Denton 
county,  where  our  subject  was  born.  Here  the 
latter  attended  district  school,  and  alternately 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  went  into  the  "Pan  Handle 
country,"  and  for  seven  years  rode  the  range  as 


ENOCH    MORRIS 


MRS.   ENOCH   MORRIS. 


SAMUEL   MILLER. 


MRS.   ENOCH    F.  MORRIS. 


ENOCH   F.   MORRIS. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


785 


a  cowboy.  He  then  invaded  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory, where  he  worked  one  year,  and  then  came 
to  the  Puget  Sound  country,  where  lie  engaged 
in  a  variety  of  employments. 

He  settled  in  Wenatchee  in  1889,  working 
several  months  for  Phil  Aliller.  He  has  five 
brothers,  Jerome,  Seth,  George,  Jacob  and 
Lemuel,  and  four  sisters,  Jennie  Smith,  Cora 
Hicks,  Ida  Slack  and  Addie,  residing  at  home. 
He  was  married  at  Wenatchee,  September  16, 
1893.  to  Mattie  L.  Freer,  born  in  Wenatchee, 
in  1875.  Her  father,  Frank  Freer,  was 
a  "Buckeye,"  descended  from  an  old  and 
distinguished  Ohio  family.  He  and  his  brother, 
Dayid,  were  the  first  white  settlers  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Wenatchee,  and  for  several  years  subse- 
quent to  their  arrival  they  traded  with  the  In- 
dians, and,  eventually,  married  Indian  wives. 
Mrs.  Morris  has  one  half  brother,  John  Freer, 
and  one  sister,  Minnie  Smith.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Morris  three  children  have  been  born,  Law- 
rence, aged  seven,  Arnold,  aged  four  and 
Percy,  aged  sixteen  months. 

The  affiliations,  fraternally  of  our  subject, 
are  with  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  K.  of  P..  both 
Wenatchee  organizations.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Democrat,  and  prominently  identified  with  the 
interests  of  the  party.  His  parents  live  about 
four  miles  from  Wenatchee,  on  Squill-Tac- 
Shane  creek. 


RICHARD  P.  WEBB,  proprietor  of  the 
"Inavale  Fruit  &  Stock  Farm,"  has  one  of  the 
most  eligible  and  handsome  locations  in  the 
vicinity  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county.  He  is 
a  Kentuckian,  born  March  16,  1858,  the  son 
of  George  W.  and  Clarinda  (Whitt)  Webb, 
natives  of  Virginia.  They  are  both  descend- 
ants of  prominent  families  of  that  state,  hav- 
ing l^een  extensive  planters  in  their  day,  and 
whose  ancestors  were  distinguished  English 
people.  George  W.  Webb  passed  away  in 
March,  1883,  in  Kentucky,  where  his  widow  at 
present  resides. 

The  early  days  of  our  subject  were  passed 
on  a  farm  and  in  attendance  at  the  public 
schools  of  his  neighborhood,  in  Lawrence 
county,  Kentucky.  On  gaining  his  majority 
he  removed  to  Minnesota,  and  thence  to  Mon- 
tana, where  he  engaged  in  farming,  coming  to 
Spokane,  Washington,  in  1884.  Here  he  out- 
fitted and  left  on  horse-back  for  the  Big  Bend, 


locating  on  land  near  Waterville,  Douglas 
county,  where  for  the  succeeding  fifteen  years 
he  farmed  and  raised  stock.  It  was  in  1898 
that  he  came  to  his  present  place,  three  and  one- 
half  miles  from  Wenatchee,  on  the  Wenatchee- 
river,  which  he  purchased  of  Judge  Chase. 
Since  then  he  sold  three  fortys,  reserving  forty- 
acres,  upon  which  he  raises  alfalfa,  fruit  and! 
stock.  He  has  erected  a  model  two-story  resi- 
dence, has  a  fine,  commodious  barn,  and  it  can 
be  said  he  owns  one  of  the  handsomest  farms 
in  the  valley. 

Our  subject  has  four  brothers  living,  Elias 
and  Levi,  merchants,  Thomas  J.  and  Munroe, 
the  latter  a  bookkeeper,  and  both  residing  in 
Kentucky.  His  two  sisters  are  Ella,  wife  of 
William  J.  McKee,  of  Kentucky,  an  old-time 
railroad  conductor,  for  twenty-five  years  with 
the  E.  P.  R.  R. ;  and  Nora,  wife  of  John  Beloit, 
a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  living  in  the  north- 
eastern portion  of  Kentucky.  September  7, 
1887,  Richard  P.  Webb  was  married  to  Alice 
A.  Hensel,  a  native  of  Minnesota.  The  cere- 
mony was  perfomred  at  Waterville,  Douglas 
county,  Washington.  The  (  bride's  father, 
Charles  W.  Hensel,  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
coming  to  the  Unied  States  when  nineteen 
years  of  age.  At  present  he  resides  six  miles 
north  of  Waterville.  His  wife,  Minnie  (W'^g- 
amouth)  Hensel,  was  also  born  in  Germanv, 
and  now  resides  with  her  husband.  ]\Irs. 
Webb,  wife  of  our  subject,  has  six  brothers, 
George,  Theodore,  Levi,  Samuel,  Alfred  B., 
and  Arthur  and  three  sisters,  Ida,  Minnie  and 
Rosie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Webb  have  four  chil- 
dren, Nellie  B.,  George  W.,  Charles  C.  and 
Lawrence  W.  Fraternally  our  subject  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Riverside  Lodge  No.  1 12,  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
of  which  he  is  Past  Master,  and  also  of  Badger 
Mountain  Lodge,  Waterville,  being  a  charter 
member  of  both  lodges;  has  attended  grand 
lodge  nearly  every  year  since;  is  a  member  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen ;  of  We- 
natchee Chapter.  No.  22,  R.  A.  M..  and  the  O. 
E.  S.,  and  Mrs.  Webb  is  a  member  of  the  O.  E. 
S.  and  Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen  aux- 
iliary. Mr.  Webb  is  also  a  member  of  W.  O. 
\V.  They  are  both  members  of  the  Christian 
church. 

Mr.  Webb  arrived  in  Water\-ille  with  a  fair 
capital,  and  was  quite  successful  in  business 
until  1893,  the  era  of  "hard  times,"  when 
wheat  dropped  to  twenty-two  cents  a  bushel, 


786 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  was  a  drug  on  the  market  at  that  price.  But 
he  left  the  county  seat  of  Douglas  county  soi- 
xent.  and  with  every  debt  squared  and  sufficient 
money  to  purchase  his  present  location. 


JACOB  A.  SHOTW'ELL.  one  of  Chelan 
county's  enterprising  and  progressive  business 
men,  dividing  his  residence  between  W'enat- 
chee  and  Mission,  was  born  in  LaPorte 
county,  Indiana,  March  21,  1851.  His  father, 
Eden  Shotwell,  a  native  of  Shotwell's  Landing, 
Massachusetts,  was  of  old  and  distinguished 
New  England  ancestry.  The  mother,  Ann 
(Haas)  Shotwell.  deceased,  was  born  in 
Lynchburg,  ^'irginia. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Illinois  and  Kansas.  On  gaining  his  majority 
he  filed  on  a  quarter  section  of  land  in  Kansas, 
where  he  continued  agricultural  pursuits  for 
thirteen  years,  being  principally  engaged  in  the 
stock  business.  He  then  came  to  The  Dalles, 
Oregon,  and  for  two  years  found  employment 
in  a  machine  shop.  Five  years  later  he  came  to 
his  present  home  in  Chelan  county,  purchased 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  railroad 
land,  of  which  he  has  since  disposed  of  a  por- 
tion. He  now  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
under  cultivation,  devoted  to  alfalfa,  orchard 
and  pasture.  He  was  awarded  the  first  prize  at 
the  state  fair  for  Arkansaw  Black  and  Bell- 
flower  apples.  In  1901  he  associated  himself 
in  partnership  with  John  McCartney  in  the 
meat  business  at  Wenatchee.  He  winters  Ije- 
tween  one  hundred  and  fifty  and  two  hundred 
head  of  cattle  and  many  sheep,  putting  up 
three  hundred  tons  of  hay  each  season.  Mr. 
Shotwell  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Nathan  T..  a  farmer,  residing  near  Mission; 
Joseph  P. ;  Harvey,  a  civil  engineer,  residing 
at  Seattle:  Susan  E..  wife  of  James  Welch; 
and  Kate,  wife  of  Mr.  Mustetter,  of  Bennett, 
Nebraska. 

^larch  3,  1872,  at  Crawfordsville,  Kansas, 
our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  to  Susan 
Canfield,  a  native  of  Illinois.  To  them  have 
been  born  seven  children ;  Harry  T.,  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  work;  Lora,  wife  of 
Thomas  McDonald,  of  Madera.  California; 
Frank ;  Nora ;  Ralph :  Lyman  and  Grace,  at 
present  residing  with  their  parents. 

Mr.    Shotwell,    associated    with    his    son 


Harry,  built  the  first  irrigation  ditch  in  this 
vicinity,  five  miles  in  length,  witii  laterals.  This 
they  disposed  of  to  the  Wenatchee  Power  & 
Water  Company,  and  it  was  extended  to  We- 
natchee. Our  subject  organized  the  company, 
investing  every  dollar  he  possessed  in  the  en- 
terprise. The  original  company  consisted  of 
Mr.  Holmes,  T.  Hughes,  Louis  Titchnel,  Mr. 
Wilcox,  Mr.  Withrow.  Dan  Kane,  Hans  Han- 
sen, A.  S.  Burbank.  J.  P.  Shotwell  and  our 
subject  and  his  son,  Harry  L.  It  was  incorpor- 
ated as  the  North  Wenatchee  Ditch  Company, 
capital  $10,000.  In  April.  1902,  they  sold  out 
to  the  new  company,  taking  water  rights  in 
payment  for  their  stock. 

Fraternally  'Sir.  Shotwell  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  O.  T.  'SI.  Politically  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican. 


FRANK  E.  CULP,  ^I.  D.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  is  a  na- 
ti\e  of  the  Buckeye  state,  having  been  born  in 
Ouincy,  Ohio,  January  23,  1873.  His  par- 
ents are  both  Ohioans,  his  father,  John  H., 
being  a  descendant  of  a  distinguished  Virgin- 
ian family.  He  served  the  government  during 
the  Civil  War,  not  as  an  enlisted  man,  but  in 
the  capacity  of  a  blacksmith.  His  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  at  present  re- 
sides at  Wenatchee,  where  he  conducts  a  brick- 
yard: The  mother,  Sarah  (Hubbell)  Culp.  is 
also  a  resident  of  Wenatchee. 

Our  subject  remained  in  Ohio  until  the  age 
of  twelve  years,  when  he  removed  to  Genesee, 
Kansas,  and  was  in  that  state  eighteen  months, 
going  thence  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained 
five  years.  Here  he  was  graduated  from  Eur- 
eka College,  Eureka,  and  then  matriculated  in 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  L^niversity  of 
Illinois,  Chicago,  and  in  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1896.  The  two  years  following,  he 
was  house  surgeon  of  the  Grand  Rapids  hospital 
in  Michigan.  Returning  to  his  home  in  Ouincy, 
he  continued  in  practice  two  years,  thence  go- 
ing to  Wenatchee,  Washington,  in  1900,  where 
he  has  since  continued,  with  a  steadily  increas- 
ing practice,  with  the  exception  of  six  months 
spent  in  taking  a  post-graduate  course  in  the 
Chicago  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

Dr.  Culp  has  three  sisters.  Belle,  wife  of 
Frank    Reeves,   elsewhere    mentioned   in    this 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


787 


work ;  Nellie,  single ;  and  Zelma,  widow  of  Wil- 
liam Hines,  Wenatchee,  Washington.  The 
fraternal  affiliations  of  Dr.  Gulp  are  with  Val- 
ley Lodge,  No.  186,  K.  of  P.,  Wenatchee; 
Wenatchee  Aerie  No.  204,  Fraternal  Order  of 
Eagles:  the  K.  O.  T.  M..  Quincy,  Ohio; 
the  Phi  Ro  Sigma  College,  Medical  Fraternity, 
Ghicago,  and  the  State  Medical  Society  of 
Ohio.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  not  an 
enthusiastic  partisan.  Of  that  excellent  or- 
ganization, the  Wenatchee  brass  band,  he  is  a 
member,  playing  a  sa.xophone. 


GEORGE  WILSON  is  one  of  the  most 
thrifty  agriculturists  in  the  Chelan  country, 
and  his  estate,  which  overlooks  that  beautiful 
lake  and  has  for  a  back  ground  the  hoary  crest 
of  the  Cascades,  is  one  of  the  most  chauning 
spots  in  this  land  of  beauty  and  grandure.  Its 
well  kept  fields  and  prolific  orchards  manifest 
the  wisdom  and  skill  of  the  proprietor  and  it 
is  a  pleasure  to  grant  space  for  the  review  of  his 
career  in  this  connection. 

George  Wilson  %vas  born  in  Ontario.  Can- 
ada, on  June  25,  1865,  the  son  of  Alexander 
and  Ellen  (Keyes)  Wilson,  natives  of  the 
Emerald  Isle.  The  father  was  a  prominent 
man,  and  especially  in  political  matters  was  a 
leader,  being  allied  with  the  Liberals.  He  died 
in  1872.  The  mother  married  William  Cook 
after  the  death  of  her  husband  and  died  in  1887, 
being  highly  respected  and  of  a  prominent  fam- 
ily. Mr.  Wilson  and  his  brother  own  the  old 
home  estate  but  the  stirring  Irish  blood  in  our 
subject  has  led  him  far  away,  but  what  is  Can- 
ada's loss  is  the  gain  of  the  Chelan  country. 
Canada  was  his  home  until  1897  when  the  death 
of  his  brother,  Thomas,  who  had  settled  in  the 
Chelan  region  in  1888,  caused  him  to  journey 
hither.  The  farm  left  by  the  brother  rex'erted 
to  our  subject  and  he  has  remained  here  since. 
He  has  continued  to  improve  it  in  excellent 
manner,  having  good  buildings,  orchards,  well 
tilled  fields,  and  so  forth.  He  has  devoted  some 
time  to  raising  stock  and  will  pay  more  atten- 
tion to  this  in  the  future.  Mr.  Wilson  has  one 
brother,  John,  one  sister,  Rebecca  Wilson,  three 
half  sisters,  Maggie  Noble.  Ellen  J.  Boney, 
Eliza  Oxford,  and  one  half  brother,  William 
Cook. 

On  February  14,  1900,  at  Guelph.  Ontario, 


Mr.  Wilson  married  Miss  Jennie  L.,  daughter 
of  Ferguson  and  Susan  (Cook)  Sherrett,  na- 
tives of  Ontario  and  now  dwelling  there.  The 
father  follows  the  mason  trade.  Mrs.  Wilson 
has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters,  John,  Archie, 
Henry,  Gordon,  Cristena  Stewart,  and  Ethel 
Gott.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wilson,  Ella  M.  and  Florence  L.  :\lr. 
Wilson  is  a  member  of  the  L.  O.  L.  having  been 
worshipful  master  of  the  lodge  in  Canada.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  6.  O.  F.  He  has 
always  shown  that  sturdy  spirit  which  so  char- 
acterizes the  people  of  North  Ireland,  whence 
came  his  ancestors.  And  in  this  connection  it 
is  fitting  to  remark  the  strong  and  progressive 
spirit,  the  high  ideals,  the  stanch  qualities  that 
have  always  been  manifested  by  these  people 
and  no  shore  of  the  civilized  world  but  has 
been  pressed  by  the  feet  of  pioneers  from  North 
Ireland. 


CHRISTOPHER  ROBINSON,  lumber- 
man and  fruit  grower,  of  Lakeside,  Chelan 
county,  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  Novem- 
ber 19.  1853,  the  son  of  William  Robinson, 
who  came  to  Ontario  with  his  parents  when  he 
was  seven  years  of  age.  The  mother  is  a  na- 
tive of  Quebec,  her  parents  having  come  from 
Ireland.  She  resides  at  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 
William  Robinson  died  in  1862. 

The  youthful  days  of  our  subject  were 
passed  in  Canada  where  he  passed  through  the 
public  schools  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  car- 
penter. At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  went 
to  Ludington,  Michigan,  remaining  three 
years,  and  thence  to  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 
Three  years  subsequently  he  removed  to  Min- 
nesota and  North  Dakota,  where  for  four  vears 
he  was  engaged  in  the  sawmill  business.  He 
came  to  Chelan  county  in  1888,  bringing  a  saw 
mill  from  Minnesota,  via  Ellensburg.  This  he 
erected  on  the  lake  shore  where  CottrelTs  boat 
shop  now  stands,  and  it  was  the  first  private 
mill  in  the  district.  Its  capacity  is  fifteen  thou- 
sand feet  of  lumber  per  day.  Our  subject  came 
as  manager  for  the  Lake  Chelan  Lumber  Com- 
pany, Woodin  &  Nicholas,  of  Minneapolis,  be- 
ing the  principal  parties  interested.  A  general 
store  was  conducted  in  connection  with  the 
mill,  of  which  Mr.  Robinson  was  in  charge  five 
years.  He  purchased  a  relinquishment  of  forty 
acres  of  land,  on  the  lake  front,  near  Chelan 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


bridge,  built  a  home  and  set  out  a  small  or- 
chard. He  then  turned  his  attention  to  the 
steamboat  industry,  and  has  worked  on  nearly 
all  the  lake  and  river  boats  in  the  vicinity.  He 
built  the  City  of  Wenatchee.  In  1899  he  pur- 
chased the  T.  J.  Smith  farm,  two  hundred  and 
eighty  acres,  two  and  one-half  miles  north  of 
Chelan.  Of  this  he  has  sold  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres.  In  1901  he  shipped  two  thou- 
sand boxes  of  apples  to  Iowa,  receiving  forty 
cents  a  box  on  the  trees.  He  has  sold  the  bear- 
ing orchard  and  has  set  out  one  thousand  apple 
trees.  He  cultivates  ninety  acres  and  last  win- 
ter carried  through  twenty-five  head  of  cattle. 
]Mr.  Thompson  has  a  fine  Shorthorn  regis- 
tered bull,  and  all  of  his  stock  is  graded. 

Our  subject  has  one  brother,  Hector,  and 
one  sister,  Mary,  wife  of  D.  J.  Switzer,  of 
Chelan.  On  November  20,  1876,  he  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage  to  Ellen  McNeil,  of  Ontario, 
where  the  ceremony  was  performed.  Her  par- 
ents were  natives  of  Prince  Edwards  Island, 
the  father,  Charles,  dying  at  Colfax,  Washing- 
ton, in  1900.  His  widow  survives  him.  Mrs. 
Robinson  has  four  brothers  living  at  Colfax, 
Charles,  Hiram,  David  and  Jeremiah  W.,  and 
one  brother,  William,  in  North  Dakota.  She 
has  two  sisters,  Jeanette,  wife  of  John  Stewart, 
and  Alargaret,  wife  of  Allen  McDonald.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robinson  two  children  have  been 
born,  Charles  and  Frank  C.  Our  subject  is  a 
member  of  W.  W.,  and  a  Republican. 


GUY  C.  BROWNE,  cashier  of  the  Co- 
lumbia Valley  Bank,Wenatchee,Chelan  county, 
was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  August  9,  1877. 
His  father,  J.  J.  Browne,  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  Spokane,  is  a  native  of  Greenville, 
Ohio,  and  was  born  April  28.  1843.  ^^ 
worked  his  way  first  through  Wabash  College 
and  afterwards  the  University  of  Michigan, 
graduating  from  the  law  department.  He  was 
married  in  1874  to  Miss  Anna  W.  Stratton. 
Their  wedding  journey  was  a  trip  across  the 
plains.  The  fall  of  the  same  year  they  made 
their  new  home  in  Portland,  Oregon.  J.  J. 
Browne  made  a  trip  through  eastern  Washing- 
ton in  1877,  and  seeing  the  vast  possibilities  of 
the  Inland  Empire  he  decided  at  once  that  there 
he  would  make  his  home.  The  next  year,  Guy 
then  being  one  year  old,  his  parents  moved  to 


Spokane  Falls,  then  little  more  than  a  camp- 
ing ground.  Mr.  Browne  at  once  became  a 
power  in  the  little  community  growing  around 
the  falls.  He  acquired  large  holdings  of  real 
estate  in  the  center  of  what  has  become  the 
prosperous  and  beautiful  city  of  Spokane.  He 
platted  Browne's  Addition  and  Browne's  Sec- 
ond Addition,  and  laid  out  and  still  owns  most 
of  Central  Addition.  He  owns  a  large  farm  on 
Moran  prairie  less  than  five  miles  from  the 
center  of  the  city.  He  is  also  interested  in 
many  enterprises  in  the  northwest  and  is  presi- 
dent of  two  banks,  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank 
at  Wenatchee,  and  the  Couer  d'Alene  Bank  & 
Trust  (io.,  Couer  d'Alene,  Idaho.  From  the 
first  he  had  absolute  faith  in  the  future  of  the 
country  and  has  always  been  the  first  to  give  his 
time  and  money  to.  assist  in  its  upbuilding. 

Guy  C.  Browne  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
education  in  the  Spokane  public  and  high 
schools  to  which  were  added  the  advantages  of 
the  Michigan  Military  Academy  at  Orchard 
Lake,  Michigan,  and  the  Washington  Agri- 
cultural College  at  Pullman.  During  his  school 
days  he  spent  some  time  in  newspaper  work 
and  left  Pullman  to  accept  the  position  of  min- 
ing and  sporting  editor  on  the  Spokane  Daily 
Chronicle.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  athletics  and  is  an  athlete  of  no  small 
ability  and  reputation.  During  his  school  years 
when  bicycle  racing  was  at  its  height  he  for 
several  years  held  the  championships  for  the 
Pacific  northwest.  Browne  and  his  racing 
partner,  Johnnie  Campbell,  not  only  won  in 
W'ashington,  but  likewise  the  important  races 
and  championships  in  Oregon  and  British  Co- 
lumbia. He  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of 
the  Spokane  Amateur  Athletic  Club,  and  was  a 
director  in  the  club  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
was  one  of  the  leaders  in  forming  the  Wenat- 
chee Amateur  Athletic  Club  in  which  he  is  a 
director  and  olificer.  As  mining  editor  of  the 
Chronicle,  and  also  to  investigate  and  report 
on  properties  for  investors,  he  visited  most  of 
the  important  mining  camps  in  the  northwest. 
In  1897  Mr.  Browne  led  a  party  to  the  gold 
fields  of  Alaska,  going  in  by  the  Ft.  Wrangle, 
Stickeen  River,  Teslin  Lake  route.  During 
the  winter  of  1897-98  his  party  was  contin- 
ually on  the  move,  their  home  during  the  cold 
northern  winter  being  their  tent.  That  winter, 
pulling  their  provisions  and  outfit,  they  traveled 
on  snow  shoes  more  than  six  hundred  miles. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


789 


During  the  later  part  of  February  he  made  a 
trip  out  in  the  interest  of  his  party.  He  and  a 
companion,  without  tent  or  stove,  made  the 
one  hundred  and  fifty  mile  trip  from  Telegraph 
Creek,  British  Columbia,  to  Ft.  Wrangle, 
Alaska,  in  the  remarkably  short  time  of  five 
and  one-half  days. 

Instead  of  returning  by  the  Stickeen  route 
he,  with  his  brother,  Earle  P.  Browne,  led  a 
party  overland  by  pack  train  via  the  old  Tele- 
graph trail.  It  is  estimated  that  twenty-five 
hundred  pack  animals  and  five  hundred  men 
started  on  this  trail  that  year.  Less  than  five 
hundred  horses  got  through  alive.  Of  the  men 
less  than  two  hundred  persevered.  Some  of 
the  balance  died,  more  turned  back,  and  many 
gave  up  and  headed  for  the  coast.  The  energy 
and  resourcefulness  displayed  by  the  Browne 
party  is  best  shown  by  their  success.  They  left 
Spokane  May  14,  1898,  and  reached  the  end  of 
the  sixteen  hundred  mile  journey  over  moun- 
tains, across  ri\'ers,  and  through  swamps  on 
September  12.  This  was  the  best  time  made 
on  the  trail. 

On  his  return  he  was  connected  with  his 
father's  real  estate  and  investment  business  in 
Spokane  for  more  than  a  year.  May  i,  1899, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Cary  E. 
Mayer  at  the  residence  of  the  bride's  parents 
near  Spokane.  She  is  a  native  of  Illinois.  Her 
father,  John  Mayer,  was  an  old  timer  in  Spo- 
kane, owned  large  property  interests  on  Half 
Moon  and  Four  IMount  prairies  and  was  for  a 
time  commissioner  of  Spokane  county.  She  is 
a  graduate  of  the  Spokane  high  school  and  at- 
tended the  Washington  Agricultural  College. 
They  have  a  son,  Karl  M. 

Guy  C.  Browne's  first  trip  to  north  central 
Washington  was  in  1891,  when,  with  his  father, 
he  made  the  trip  over  the  mountains  from  El- 
lensburg.  Reaching  the  Columbia  river  a  few 
miles  below  the  present  site  of  Wenatchee, 
they  went  up  that  river  to  Chelan.  They  spent 
two  weeks  on  that  beautiful  body  of  water  and 
returned  to  Spokane  across  the  Big  Bend  plat- 
eau. They  were  both  much  impressed  with  the 
country,  so  much  so  that  J.  J.  Browne  decided 
to  become  interested  in  it.  He  foresaw  that 
there  was  sure  to  be  a  city  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Wenatchee  and  the  next  year  when  the 
Great  Northern  road  seemed  to  be  assured  he 
established  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank.  It  was 
opened  in  the  old  town  in  the  spring  of  1892, 


which  makes  it  the  oldest  bank  in  north  central 
Washington.  When  the  railroad  was  com- 
pleted and  the  town  moved  to  its  present  loca- 
tion, the  bank  secured  one  of  the  best  corners, 
and  built  one  of  the  first  brick  blocks  as  its 
home.  For  more  than  ten  years  it  was  the  only 
banking  institution  in  Wenatchee.  Guy  C. 
Browne  early  became  interested  in  the  bank,  and 
in  April,  1896,  was  first  elected  to  the  board  of 
directors.  In  the  fall  of  1900,  he  moved  to 
Wenatchee  and  assumed  the  acti\-e  management 
of  the  bank.  Under  his  careful  and  business- 
like management  the  Columbia  Valley  Bank  has 
had  a  continuous  and  substantial  growth.  Be- 
sides its  large  capital  a  good  sized  surplus  has 
been  built  up.  Recently  a  savings  bank  depart- 
ment has  been  added  with  a  school  savings  sys- 
tem in  connection.  Mr.  Browne  has  great  faith 
in  Wenatchee  and  north  central  Washington. 
Both  he  and  the  bank  have  the  entire  confidence 
of  the  community  they  have  helped  to  build  up, 
and  both  are  always  ready  to  assist  any  legiti- 
mite  enterprise  that  has  for  its  object  the  up- 
building of  Wenatchee  or  north  central  Wash- 
ington. 


CHARLES  A.  MORRISON  was  a  pio- 
neer in  the  saw  mill  business  in  the  Wenatchee 
country  and  since  the  day  of  his  landing  here 
has  continued  in  that  important  industry  which 
his  skill  and  energy  have  made  a  first-class  suc- 
cess. He  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  plant  in  the  town 
of  Wenatchee,  which  has  a  capacity  of  twenty 
thousand  feet  per  day  and  is  an  up-to-date  mill. 
In  addition  to  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and 
general  building  material,  Mr.  Morrison  also 
has  established  a  fruit  box  manufactory,  which 
has  both  been  a  good  success  from  his  stand- 
point and  also  a  great  benefit  to  the  valley.  He 
was  the  pioneer  in  this  industry  in  this  section. 
Mr.  Morrison  owns  a  good  block  of  lots  where 
his  mill  stands,  besides  other  property. 

Charles  A.  Morrison  was  born  in  Virginia 
on  January  5,  1848.  the  son  of  Benjamin  R. 
and  Mary  M.  (Brown),  also  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. They  are  now  living  with  our  subject, 
aged  eighty-two  and  seventy-five  respectively. 
The  father  comes  from  an  old  Virginia  family 
and  is  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  The  mother 
is  of  German-English  descent.  \Mien  our  sub- 
ject was  five  years  of  age,  he  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Minnesota  and  there  received  his  educa- 


790 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


tion  and  remained  with  his  father  until  nine- 
teen. After  that  he  followed  railroading  f(jr 
four  years  and  then  turned  his  attention  to  saw- 
milling  and  in  that  industry  has  been  engaged 
since.  In  1885  Mr.  Morrison  came  to  the  state 
of  Washington,  locating  on  Pleasant  Prairie. 
There  lie  operated  a  mill  until  1891,  when  he 
located  in  Wenatchee.  He  purchased  a  water 
mill  that  had  never  made  a  success  and 
freighted  a  large  engine  and  boiler  from  Coulee 
City,  which  was  an  arduous  undertaking,  as  in 
many  places  they  were  obliged  to  use  block  and 
tackle  to  get  over  the  bad  places.  When  it  was 
installed  he  at  once  began  to  do  a  good  business 
and  has  continued  until  the  present.  For  a 
time  he  did  work  in  the  surrounding  hills,  but 
is  now  located  in  Wenatchee  as  stated. 

On  September  4.  1879,  Mr.  Morrison  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Bertha  Schaeffer,  daughter  of  Gustav 
and  Dorothy  Wenclel.  natives  of  Germany. 
The  wedding  occurred  in  Alexandria,  Alissouri. 
Mrs.  Morrison  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Gustav,  Frederick,  Theodore,  Louisa 
Tegner,  Emma  Breist  and  Lena  Kranik,  all  in 
Minnesota.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morrison  there 
have  been  born  the  following  children,  Benja- 
min R.,  Dorothy  M.,  Mary  E..  Frerl  W.,  Ray 
R.,  Bertha  H.  and  Mont  W.,  all  at  home.  :\Ir. 
Morrison  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
also  of  the  chapter.  He  and  his  wife  belong 
to  the  Yeomen.  Politically  Mr.  Morrison  holds 
with  the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party. 


JOHN  G.  MILLER,  of  the  firm  of  Miller 
&  Reed,  livery  and  transfer  business,  Wenat- 
chee, Chelan  county,  is  a  native  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. He  was  born  in  Schuylkill  county,  June 
2,  1866.  His  father,  Peter  Miller,  a  German, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania  where  he  engaged  in  the  coal 
mining  business.  He  at  present  lives  with  an- 
other son  near  Wenatchee.  The  mother.  The- 
resa (Schuster)  Miller,  also  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, died  in  Minnesota  in  1895. 

Minnesota  was  the  scene  of  our  subject's 
earliest  exploitations,  where  he  was  reared  and 
educated,  remaining  with  his  parents  until  1887, 
when  he  went  to  South  Dakota.  One  season 
there  he  worked  on  a  farm,  subsequently  re- 
turning home.  He  came  to  Wenatchee  in  1889 
to  visit  an  uncle  at  that  point,  remaining  there 


three  months,  going  thence  to  Whatcom.  Wash- 
ington. In  May.  1891.  he  returned  to  Wenat- 
chee where  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  occasional  prospecting  trips.  He 
now  has  mining  interests  in  Peshastin  county, 
Washington,  principally  gold  quartz.  Mr. 
Miller  has  been  engaged  in  various  mercantile 
enterprises,  and  has  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
clerk  in  a  number  of  Wenatchee  stores.  On 
March  i,  1903,  he  associated  himself  with  C. 
Will  Reed  in  the  livery  business,  which  has 
proved  quite  a  successful  venture.  They  own 
twenty  head  of  horses,  stable  50x80  feet  in  size, 
and  run  busses  to  all  trains  and  boats. 

Our  subject  has  three  brothers.  Joseph, 
Martin  and  George,  residing  near  Malaga,  en- 
gaged in  the  fruit  and  stock  business.  His 
three  sisters.  Anna,  Delia  and  Mary,  are  li\ing 
in  the  same  vicinity.     He  is  unmarried. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  Wenatchee 
Lodge  No.  157,  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Miller  is  a 
popular  business  man,  and  one  highly  esteemed 
in  the  neighborhood. 


CHARLES  CRO.MWELL  was  born  in 
Pike,  Pennsylvania,  on  May  23,  1843.  His 
parents,  William  Nelson  and  Matilda  (Low- 
die)  Cromwell,  were  born  in  New  York  and 
New  Jersey,  respectively.  The  father's  father 
came  from  old  English  stock  and  fought  in  the 
War  of  1812.  To  this  couple  were  born  the 
following  children:  George  F.,  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Goldsborough,  North  Carolina,  in 
1865;  John,  died  in  the  army;  Charles,  our 
subject;  Catherine,  wife  of  B.  M.  Owen,  of 
Dodge  county,  Minnesota ;  Arminda,  widow 
of  Adam  Chaffon.  of  Berlin,  Wisconsin ;  Han- 
nah, wife  of  W.  C.  McFarlain.  living  in  Seat- 
tle, Washington.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  various  places  where  the  family  lived  and 
was  living  in  Wisconsin  when  he  enlisted,  in 
August,  1861,  in  the  First  Wisconsin  Cavalry. 
He  was  discharged  in  September,  1865,  after 
serving  faithfully  all  through  the  war.  Al- 
though he  was  in  many  battles,  among  which 
was  Chickamauga.  he  was  never  wounded. 
After  the  war  Mr.  Cromwell  moved  to  Minne- 
sota and  there  followed  various  pursuits  until 
1893,  when  he  came  to  Washington  and  sought 
out  his  present  place,  eight  miles  up  the  Chum- 
stick    from    Leavenworth.     He  owns    eighty 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


acres  of  fertile  land  and  does  general  farming 
and  stock  raising. 

In  Dodge  county.  Minnesota,  ]Mr.  Cromwell 
married  Miss  Jane  Elston  and  they  have  he- 
come  the  parents  of  five  children,  William  N. ; 
Sam  E.;. Matilda,  wife  of  William  Douglas, 
whose  wedding  was  the  first  in  the  Chumstick 
valley;  Eleanor,  wife  of  Richard  Irwin  ;  Emma, 
single.  Mr.  Cromwell  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  in  politics  is  independent  and 
not  very  active,  although  he  is  keenly  interested 
in  the  issues  of  the  day.  Mrs.  Cromwell  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church.  They  are  well 
respected  people. 


DAN  DEVORE  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1853. 
He  came  with  his  parents  to  southern  Iowa  in 
1856  and  there  grew  to  manhood  and  received 
his  educational  training.  In  1884  we  find  him 
in  Colorado  whence  he  began  a  life  of  prospect- 
ing and  adventure  and  has  continued  uninter- 
ruptedly until  the  present  time.  Mr.  Devore 
traveled  extensively  all  through  California  and 
the  adjoining  states  for  five  years,  giving  him- 
self almost  entirely  to  prospecting.  Then  he 
came  to  the  Lake  Chelan  country.  From  that 
time  until  the  present  'Sir.  Devore  has  given  his 
attention  almost  exclusively  to  prospecting,  but 
has  also  acted  as  guide  for  various  hunting  par- 
ties traveling  through  \Vashington  and  British 
Columbia.  Mr.  Devore  has  familiarized  him- 
self with  all  the  various  mining  districts  in  this 
section  and  is  well  acquainted  with  every  por- 
tion where  game  and  fish  abound  plentifully. 
In  addition  to  that  he  has  located  many  claims 
in  the  various  mining  sections  and  is  to  be 
classed  as  one  of  the  expert  prospectors  and 
hunters  of  the  county.  Mr.  Devore  is  an  expert 
also  in  packing  and  has  transported  goods  to 
various  parts  of  this  country.  He  is  considered 
one  of  the  pioneers  and  old  timers  in  Chelan 
county,  and  has  many  friends. 


JOSEPH  DARNELL,  proprietor  of  the 
Lakeview  Hotel,  Lakeside,  Chelan  county, 
Washington,  was  born  near  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
March  12,  1850  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Pher- 
iba  Darnell.  His  father,  of  a  family  of  old  Vir- 
ginia planters,  owning  large  estates,  was  for 
many  years  a  pensioner  of  the  War  of  1812. 


His  mother  was  a  descendant  of  an  old  Quaker 
family,  and  born  in  INIaine.  She  now  lives  in 
Ohio  at  the  age  of  eighty  years. 

Until  1885  our  subject  remained  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Zanesville,  where  he  attended  the 
graded  and  high  schools,  and  also  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania.  Subsec[uently  he  learned 
the  heating  and  finishing  business  in  a  rolling 
mill,  following  the  same  sixteen  j-ears.  During 
the  Civil  war  he  ran  away,  intending  to  enlist, 
but  was  brought  back.  In  1885  he  came  to 
Washington,  wintered  at  Sprague,  and  then 
secured  land  seventy-five  miles  distant  from 
that  town.  For  a  short  period  he  was  in  Spo- 
kane, and  would  have  purchased  property  on 
Riverside  at  most  advantageous  terms  had  he 
not  been  persuaded  to  the  contrary  by  an  over- 
zealous  friend.  In  1889  Mr.  Darnell  learned 
of  Lake  Chelan  and  went  there  in  December  of 
that  year.  In  1890  he  brought  his  family  to 
Chelan,  then  a  government  townsite.  Follow- 
ing four  months"  residence  in  Chelan  he  came 
to  Lakeside,  which  at  that  period  consisted 
principally  of  a  small  store,  and  began  teaming. 
He  also  conducted  a  barber  shop  and  a  grist 
mill.  He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  and 
arrested  the  first  man  to  go  to  the  penitentiary 
ever  sent  from  that  county.  The  prisoner  had 
been  guilty  of  selling  whiskey  to  the  Indians. 
Mr.  Darnell  also  built  a  catamaran  steamer, 
seventy-five  feet  long,  and  during  the  winter 
utilized  the  engine  on  board  the  boat  to  grind 
corn  and  wheat,  averaging  twenty  dollars  a  day 
when  running  steadily.  Mr.  Darnell  and  Judge 
Navarre,  mentioned  elsewhere,  platted  the 
townsite  of  Lakeside,  and  the  former  pur- 
chased the  first  lots  sold.  He  erected  a  one-room 
hotel  and  bam,  which  he  has  since  increased  in 
size.  He  now  has  twenty-one  guest  rooms, 
well  furnished,  supplied  with  electric  lights, 
excellent  water,  pumped  from  the  lake,  and 
other  conveniences.  Mr.  Darnell  is,  emphati- 
cally, a  popular  landlord  with  tra\'elers  and 
residents. 

He  has  three  brothers  and  three  sisters, 
Charles,  John  and  Purley,  of  Ohio;  Lucy, 
widow  of  George  Murphy;  Clarinda,  wife  of 
Culver  Johnson,  both  of  Ohio;  and  Mary  J., 
wife  of  James  Williams,  of  Muncie,  Indiana. 
July  27,,  1870,  Mr.  Darnell  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, near  McConnelsville.  Ohio,  to  Nancv  E. 
Harris,  a  native  of  Ohio,  daughter  of  William 
and  Eleanor   (World)   Harris.     Both  are  de- 


792 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ceased.  Mrs.  Darnell  has  one  brother  and  one 
sister,  Abraham  and  Linda,  wife  of  John  Sher- 
man, of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dar- 
nell have  five  children,  Mary,  wife  of  William 
Houghton,  Lewiston,  Idaho;  Ella,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam A.  White,  of  Lakeside,  mentioned  else- 
where; Eva,  wife  of  Ellery  R.  Fosdick,  San 
Jose,  California;  J.  Edward,  and  Otis,  with  his 
father  in  the  hotel.  Fraternally  our  subject  is 
a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  Chelan  Lodge  No. 
97.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Uniform  Rank 
Silver  Cross,  K.  P.,  Zanesville,  where  he  was 
captain  of  a  division.  He  is  past  C.  C.  of  Mc- 
Intyre  Lodge,  No.  38,  Zanesville,  and  repre- 
sentative to  the  grand  lodge  there.  He  is  past 
C.  C.  here,  and  representative  to  the  grand 
lodge. 

Politically  he  is  a  Republican  and  has  been 
delegate  to  county  conventions,  and  always 
takes  an  active  interest  in  local,  state  and  na- 
tional politics.  Mr.  Darnell  is  a  member  of  the 
auditorium  committee,  one  of  the  trustees  and 
the  largest  stockholder.  Mrs.  Darnell  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  E.  church,  and  a  member  of 
the  Relief  Corps  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


SPENCER  BOYD,  a  retired  farmer  and 
one  of  the  commissioners  of  Chelan  conuty.  re- 
sides at  Chelan,  coming  there  in  1891.  He  was 
born  in  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  July  15,  1842. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio.  His  father, 
William,  was  of  an  old  family,  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject  having  been  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Revolutionary  war.  In  1853  the 
family  of  our  subject  removed  to  Iowa,  and 
here  he  attended  district  school  and  worked  on 
the  farm  with  his  father.  The  latter  died  when 
Spencer  was  six  years  of  age.  On  attaining 
his  majority  he  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Iowa  In- 
dependent Battery,  serving  until  the  end  of  the 
Civil  war.  He  then  returned  to  Iowa,  pur- 
chased land  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing imtil  1 89 1,  when  he  came  to  Lake  Chelan 
broken  in  health.  Here  he  passed  several  years 
prospecting,  and  in  1895  purchased  one  hun- 
dred and  four  acres  of  land  one  and  one-quarter 
miles  from  town,  which  he  rents,  owning  a 
home  in  Chelan.  He  has,  also,  two  business 
lots  and  buildings  on  ^^^oodin  avenue,  and  eight 
residence  lots  with  garden  and  fruit  trees.  Mr. 
Boyd  has  one  sister,  Sarah  Ann,  living  in  Illi- 


nois; two  half  brothers  and  one  half  sister, 
George  and  Samuel  White,  and  Etta,  wife  of 
Arthur  Brice,  of  Iowa. 

December  13,  1867,  our  subject  was  married 
to  Mary  J.  Rains,  a  native  of  ^Missouri.  The 
ceremony  was  performed  at  Glenwood,  Iowa. 
Her  father,  Lawrence,  a  native  of  Ohio,  is 
dead.  Mrs.  Boyd  has  four  brothers  and  two 
sisters  living,  Alarion,  Jasper,  Westley  and 
Allen,  all  farmers  of  Iowa,  with  the  exception 
of  Westley,  who  is  in  California ;  Lottie,  wife  of 
William  Phipps;  and  Minerva,  wife  of  C.  M. 
Phipps,  both  farmers  in  Iowa.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Boyd  have  four  children,  William  L. ;  Elmer 
L. ;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  George  Roland ;  and  Min- 
nie E.,  single,  residing  at  home. 

Mr.  Boyd  is  a  member  of  Harrison  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  Chelan.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  with 
the  organization  of  the  county  was  appointed 
commissioner  and  elected  twice  since  then.  Mr. 
Boyd  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church. 


JULIUS  A.  LARRABEE,  postmaster  of 
Chelan,  Chelan  county,  a  successful  fruit  raiser 
and  a  pioneer  of  the  territorial  days  of  Wash- 
ington, was  born  in  Lester,  Addison  county, 
Vermont,  December  18,  1841.  His  father,  Alva 
S.,  was  a  native  of  Ticonderoga,  New  York, 
descendant  of  an  old  American  family.  His 
father  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and 
the  founder  of  the  town  of  Larrabee,  on  Lake 
Champlain.  The  mother,  Alarion  (Enos)  Lar- 
rabee, was  born  in  New  England,  dying  when 
our  subject  was  but  two  months  old.  The  Lar- 
rabee family  is  of  French  Huguenot  extrac- 
tion, and  settled  in  Connecticut  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  The  father's  two  younger 
brothers  served  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  Civil  War.  They  had  located,  when  young, 
in  Mississippi.  Our  subject's  father,  shortly 
after  the  death  of  his  wife,  removed  to  Illinois, 
leaving  the  boy  with  his  grandparents. 

In  1846  the  family  returned  to  \'ermont, 
going  thence  to  Wisconsin  where  they  lived  un- 
til our  subject  was  nineteen  years  of  age.  He 
enlisted  in  the  First  Wisconsin  Cavalry.  Sep- 
tember I,  1 86 1,  and  was  mustered  out  July  19. 
1865.  He  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Jeff 
Davis,  and  participated  in  forty-three  battles 
and  skirmishes.     At  the  close  of  the  war  he 


JULIUS  A.   LARRABEE. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


793 


returned  to  Wisconsin,  and  five  years  later 
filed  on  a  soldier's  homestead  in  Minnesota. 
Driven  out  b}^  grasshoppers  he  went  back  to 
Wisconsin,  and  in  December,  1888,  left  Ripon, 
Wisconsin,  arriving  in  Davenport,  Washington 
in  the  same  month,  accompanied  by  his  son, 
Frank  T.  Both  of  them  were  afflicted  with 
asthma.  The  June  following  they  caitie  to  Lake- 
side, Chelan  county,  and  engaged  with  the  Lake 
Chelan  Lumber  Company.  He  had  worked  for 
the  manager,  L.  H.  Woodin,  in  Wisconsin. 
Our  subject  conducted  the  hotel  for  the  com- 
pany, the  pioneer  hotel  of  the  place.  He  had 
pre-empted  a  claim  on  Chelan  river,  but  when 
he  decided  to  commute  discovered  that  the  land 
■ivas  open  only  to  homestead.  His  son  then  filed 
on  it,  was  contested  by  Indians,  and  he  lost  the 
best  forty  acres.  The  two  now  own  forty  acres 
which  is  cultivated.  In  June,  1898,  Mr.  Larra- 
bee  was  appointed  postmaster.  He  owns  a  two- 
story  house  and  four  lots  in  town. 

bur  subject  has  four  half  brothers,  Eric, 
Edward,  Aii  and  Burt;  and  one  half  sister, 
Edna,  wife  of  Lemuel  Richardson.  May  15, 
1864,  he  was  married,  at  Ripon,  Wisconsin,  to 
Delphia  A.  Rich,  born  in  Addison  county,  Ver- 
mont. Her  father,  Russell,  was  a  native  of 
Vermont,  her  mother,  Lydia  (Bowker)  Rich, 
was  a  native  of  New  York.  They  have  four 
children,  Edson,  Earl,  Frank  and  Blanche. 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  Harrison  Post  G.  A. 
R.,  of  which  he  was  organizer  and  is  now  com- 
mander. He  is  a  member  of  Chelan  Valley 
Lodge  No.  118,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  was  first 
W.  M.  under  dispensation  and  first  W.  M. 
elected.     He  is  a  Republican  and  staunch. 


BENJAMIN  F.  SMITH,  purser  of  the 
Lake  Chelan  Navigation  Company,  and  one  of 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  this  beautiful  lake  coun- 
try, resides  at  Chelan,  Chelan  county.  Rock- 
ford,  Illinois,  is  the  place  of  his  nativity,  being 
born  July  17,  1858,  the  son  of  Nelson  W,  and 
Olive  B.  (Parker)  Smith.  His  father  is  a  de- 
scendant of  an  old  and  prominent  New  Eng- 
land family,  and  now  resides  at  Larr.abee,  Cher- 
okee county,  Iowa.  The  mother,  a  native  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  of  a  family  distinguished  as 
large  and  successful  manufacturers  in  New 
England.    She  died  at  Larrabee  in  April,  1903. 

When  our  subject  was  five  years  of  age  his 
family  removed  to  Iowa,  and  here  he  attended 


public  schools  and  worked  on  a  farm  with  his 
father.  In  1883  he  went  to  Wayne,  Nebraska, 
where  he  rented  three  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  of  land,  later  purchasing  eighty  acres. 
Four  years  subsequently  he  came  to  Chelan 
with  Captain  Johnson,  mentioned  elsewhere. 
At  that  period  his  wife  was  one  of  three  ladies, 
the  only  white  women  in  that  vicinity.  He  ac- 
quired two  hundred  and  five  acres  of  land  lying 
along  the  lake,  which  developed  into  the  most 
valuable  landed  property  there,  owing  to  its 
eligible  location  between  Chelan  and  Lakeside. 
He  platted  eighty  acres  and  has  disposed  of 
some  of  it.  At  present  he  has  a  fifteen-acre 
orchard.  In  1901  Mr.  Smith  erected  a  hand- 
some two-story  frame  house  near  the  lake.  He 
rents  his  orchard  and  log  house  nearby.  In 
July,  1901,  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
steamer  line  from  R.  J.  Watkins,  disposing  of 
the  same  later  to  E.  E.  Shotwell.  He  has  a 
mail  contract  on  the  lake,  and  is  purser  of  the 
steamer  Flyer,  and  is  proprietor  of  a  two-thirds 
interest  in  a  saw  mill  on  Antoine  Flat.  Our 
subject  has  three  sisters,  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph 
Farnham;  Minerva,  wife  of  Edward  Ballon; 
and  Susan,  wife  of  Albert  Raymond. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Smith  was  consum- 
mated at  Waterloo,  Iowa,  when  he  was  united, 
September  27,  1882,  to  Nettie  J.  Streeter,  born 
at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa.  Her  father,  Edward, 
was  born  at  Joliet,  Illinois,  and  he  now  resides 
at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  a  prominent  and  influ- 
ential citizen.  Her  mother,  Elizabeth  (Dob- 
son)  Streeter,  is  a  native  of  the  Empire  state, 
and  now  lives  at  Cedar  Falls.  Mrs.  Smith  has 
three  brothers,  Adelbert  W.,  Thomas  and  Fred, 
the  two  former  of  Iowa,  the  latter  of  Minneap- 
olis, Minnesota.  She  has  two  sisters,  Hattie, 
wife  of  J.  G.  Packard,  and  Florence,  wife  of 
W.  W.  Goodykoontz,  an  attorney  of  Boone, 
Iowa.  She  is  the  mother  of  three  children, 
Roy  N.,  W.  Park  and  Bernice  E.,  the  latter  the 
first  white  child  born  in  this  vicinity.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  and  W.  W. 
He  is  a  Democrat.  Mrs.  Sinith  was,  for  four- 
teen years,  a  teacher,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the 
state  normal  school  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 


WILLIAM  L.  SANDERS  is  operating  a 
dairy  farm  about  two  miles  west  of  Lakeside 
and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  Chelan 
country.     He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 


794 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


of  the  Chelan  district,  and  has  been  closely  con- 
nected with  the  settlement  and  development  of 
the  county,  ever  labormg  with  a  strong  hand 
and  wise  counsel  for  general  upbuilding  and 
improvement. 

William  L.  Sanders  was  born  in  Iowa  on 
November  22,.  1861.  the  son  of  Dexter  D.  and 
Irene  ( Brunson)  Sanders,  natives  of  New  York 
and  Vermont,  respectively,  and  now  living  at 
Red  Oak,  Iowa,  retired  from  active  life.  They 
are  both  descendants  of  prominent  Amer- 
ican families,  and  the  father's  father  was  a  pa- 
triot of  the  War  of  1812.  The  first  eighteen 
years  of  our  subject's  life  were  spent  in  Iowa, 
three  years  in  Fayette,  and  then  fifteen  in  Mont- 
gomery county.  After  he  graduated  from  the 
high  school  at  Red  Oak,  he  took  up  mining  in 
Colorado.  Next  we  see  him  logging  in  the 
vicinity  of  Seattle,  after  which  he  went  to 
Walla  Walla  and  harvested  through  the  Pa- 
louse  country  and  then  started  to  Lake  Cceur 
d"  Alene.  He  prospected  on  the  south  fork  of 
the  Cceur  d'  Alene  river  part  of  the  summer, 
and  was  not  successful.  Then  he  spent  some 
time  prospecting  in  the  Pend  Oreille  Lake 
country.  In  July,  1884,  he  went  to  the  Colum- 
bia river  below  the  mouth  of  the  Spokane,  and 
securing  a  skiff  made  of  three  boards,  began 
a  voyage  on  that  mighty  stream.  LTterly 
oblivious  of  the  dangers  that  awaited  him  on  the 
jagged  rocks  and  rapids,  he  finally  came  to  the 
ferry  of  Wild  Goose  Bill,  a  noted  character  of 
the  Columbia  valley.  This  enterprising  pioneer 
not  wanting  any  assistance.  Mr.  Sanders  again 
took  to  his  frail  craft  and  that  night  slept  under 
a  choke  cherry  tree,  which  fruit  supplied  his 
supper  and  breakfast.  The  next  day  he  spied 
a  little  tent  upon  the  bank.  and.  upon  rowing 
thither,  found  Henry  Dumke  engaged  in  placer 
mining.  Mr.  Dumke  proposed  a  partnership 
right  away,  and  Mr.  Sanders  gave  him  two 
dollars  and  ninety-five  cents,  his  total  cash 
capital,  for  half  interest  in  the  "grub  stake." 
They  worked  faithfully  for  two  weeks,  then 
cleaned  up  fifty  cents.  Not  being  impressed 
with  this  method  of  making  money,  they  gath- 
ered their  outfit  together,  and  started  down  the 
river,  having  one  cayuse  as  a  pack  animal.  At 
the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan  they  tried  to  get 
the  Indians  to  ferry  them  across,  but  their 
charges  were  seven  dollars  and  fifty  cents,  which 
was  seven  dollars  more  than  the  total  cash  of 
our.  travelers.    Mr.  Dumke  argued  and  offered 


them  their  gold  dust  and  a  gallon  of  syrup 
and  a  two  gallon  camp  kettle  but  the  Indians 
were  obdurate.  While  Mr.  Dumke  was  elo- 
quently arguing  his  side  of  the  case,  the  Indian 
and  squaw  who  had  paddled  across  to  them 
became  indignant  and  walked  away.  Mr.  San- 
ders plunged  a  stick  in  the  can  of  syrup  and 
drew  it  across  the  lips  of  the  squaw  while  he 
held  her.  As  soon  as  she  began  to  taste  the 
treacle,  she  cried,"  Kloshe,"  "Kloshe,"  (good, 
good).  The  deal  was  closed,  and  our  pilgrims 
were  soon  on  the  north  side  of  the  Columbia. 
They  wandered  through  the  Okanogan  country, 
crossed  the  Methow,  and  from  the  top  of  the 
divide  west  of  Lake  Chelan,  discovered  that 
body  of  water  about  forty  miles  from  the  foot 
of  the  lake.  The  men  started  down  tiie  canyon 
towards  the  lake,  and  while  enroute,  the  unfor- 
tunate cayuse  fell  over  a  precipice,  and  his  name. 
Prince,  is  the  name  of  the  canyon  to  this  day. 
Arriving  at  the  lake  they  made  canoes,  paddled 
down  to  the  foot  and  located  on  Mr.  Sanders' 
present  home  in  August.  1884.  They  did  work 
for  the  Indians  down  by  the  Entiat  and  secured 
food  for  winter,  which  both  spent  on  the  banks 
of  Lake  Chelan.  Mr.  Dumke  built  a  sawmill 
on  the  edge  of  the  lake  at  Dumke's  Falls  and 
later  became  discouraged  and  left  the  country. 
Our  subject  stayed  on  his  present  place,  proved 
up,  then  for  a  decade  went  mining  in  various 
sections  of  the  county  and  in  1900  came  back 
to  Chelan  and  started  his  present  business.  ]\Ir. 
Sanders  has  two  brothers  and  four  sisters : 
Julius  AL.  Robert  B..  Ida  Harrett,  Minnie  M., 
Alice  C,  and  Jennie  M. 

On  July  6.  1898.  at  Seattle.  Mr.  Sanders 
married  Mrs.  Nellie  J.  Olcott  (Neeley)  Ham- 
ilton. Her  parents  were  George  and  Maria 
(Martin)  Hamilton.  One  child,  Tracy,  was 
born  to  Mrs.  Sanders  by  her  former  marriage. 
Mr.  Sanders  is  a  very  stanch  Republican  and 
a  man  of  advanced  and  progressive  ideas. 


W.  J.  BIGGAR,  an  energetic  mining  man, 
who  resides  at  Lakeside,  Washington,  has  the 
distinction  of  being  one  of  the  earliest  men  to 
press  into  the  Lake  Chelan  region  as  a  prospec- 
tor. Since  that  time  he  has  been  more  or  less 
prominently  connected  with  the  district  and  is 
now  the  overseer  of  some  promising  properties. 
He  was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  on  December 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


795 


lo,  1858,  being  the  son  of  T.  J.  and  Elizabeth 
(Shields)  Biggar,  natives  of  County  Tyrone. 
Ireland,  and  Sheffield.  England,  respectively. 
The  parents  both  died  in  Quebec.  The  other 
members  of  the  family  besides  our  subject  are 
R.  H.,  in  the  Pillsbury  flouring  mills  in  Minne- 
apolis, where  he  has  been  fourteen  years; 
T.  J.,  now  in  Alaska,  mining,  and  Flor- 
ence, wife  of  C.  F.  Lincoln,  at  Ways  JNIills, 
Canada.  The  early  education  of  our  subject 
was  obtained  in  his  native  place,  and  on  July 
-5,  ''^^73-  lie  journeyed  to  San  Francisco.  Later 
we  find  him  in  Nevada  and  other  western  states 
where  he  operated  continuously  aside  from  oc- 
casional trips  to  the  east,  until  1889,  when  he 
came  to  Seattle  just  in  time  to  see  the  big  fire 
that  devastated  that  metropolis.  Following 
that  misfortune  he  turned  his  attention  to  min- 
ing and  prospecting,  operating  west  of  the  Cas- 
cades and  also  down  through  the  Chelan  coun- 
try. In  1 89 1  he  was  in  this  section  and  located 
near  Stehekin.  He  continued  prospecting  until 
1894,  when,  on  account  of  the  depression  in 
silver,  he  worked  in  the  Agnaw  Creek  gold 
camp  until  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Morgan 
Nichols  ]\Iining  Company  as  superintendent 
of  their  mines  at  Twisp.  He  continued  thus 
seven  years  at  Twisp  and  Murray.  Idaho.  Mr. 
JNIorgan  is  dead  and  the  estate  is  now  being  set- 
tled. In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Biggar  is  inter- 
ested in  properties  on  McKinney  mountain  and 
at  Barron. 

At  Bloomfield.  California,  in  1885  Mr.  Big- 
gar married  ]\Iiss  Maggie  Harris,  and  to  them 
one  child  has  been  born.  Willie  H.,  who  is  now 
in  the  Washington  Agricultural  College  at 
Pullman,  taking  the  mechanical  engineering 
course. 

Politically  Air.  Biggar  is  a  Republican,  but 
is  not  especially  active  in  this  realm.  Like  other 
pioneers,  our  subject  has  had  many  ups  and 
downs,  but  has  ever  pursued  the  star  of  success 
with  winning  pcjwer. 


ALBERT  G.  BRYANT,  who  lives  at 
Lucerne,  Washington,  and  who  is  a  well  known 
mining  man  of  the  Lake  Chelan  country,  was 
born  in  Centerville.  Iowa,  on  January  30,  1872, 
being  the  son  of  John  C.  and  Kate  ( Norwood ) 
Bryant  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Indiana, 
respectively,  now  deceased.     In    1878  the  pa- 


rents moved  to  Nebraska,  and  in  that  state 
Albert  lived  until  1895.  Our  subject  has  one 
sister,  Minnie,  wife  of  John  \Vhittenghen,  of 
Brazil,  Iowa.  Mr.  Bryant  took  an  active  part 
in  the  Sioux  Indian  war  of  1 890-1.  at  Pine 
Ridge  agency.  Albert  G.  was  educated  in  Iowa, 
then  went  to  York,  Nebraska,  where  he  gradu- 
ated from  the  high  school.  He  then  turned  his 
attention  to  a  life  of  industry  and  left  Nebraska 
in  October,  1895.  Going  to  Iowa,  he  farmed 
for  two  years  and  in  1097  landed  in  Chelan. 
For  a  time  thereafter  he  drove  stage  between 
Chelan  and  Orondo  now  called  Riverview,  be- 
t\\een  Chelan  and  Brewster  and  between 
Brewster  and  Coulee  City.  Then  he  was  en- 
gaged as  cook  and  night  watchman  on  the 
boats  of  the  Columbia  river  plying  between 
Wenatchee  and  Brewster.  Later  we  find  him 
with  a  government  surveying  party  until  1899, 
when  he  went  to  Wilbur.  Lincoln  county. 
Washington,  being  engaged  there  until  1901. 
In  that  year  Mr.  Bryant  came  back  to  Chelan 
and  engaged  in  go\'ernment  work  until  the 
spring  of  1902.  Since  that  time  he  has  been 
employed  by  the  C.  T.  &  S.  company  and  the 
company  operating  the  Holden  mine.  In  addi- 
tion to  this.  Mr.  Bryant  has  done  considerable 
prospecting  and  has  one  of  the  fine  claims  on 
Meadow  Creek,  at  Republic.  Washington,  which 
runs  twenty-five  dollars  in  copper. 

Fraternally,  he  is  afiiliated  with  the  M.  W. 
A.  and  the  K.  P.  lodges,  while  in  political 
matters  he  is  a  Republican  and  takes  an  active 
interest  demanded  from  ever}'  good  citizen  in 
this  realm. 


MARTIN  VENNEBERG.  About  twelve 
miles  northwest  from  Chelan,  on  a  beautiful 
spot,  well  situated  for  view  and  in  the  midst 
of  fertile  land,  is  the  estate  of  the  subject  of 
this  article,  who  is  one  of  the  leading  agricul- 
turists of  the  lake  region.  Mr.  Venneberg 
practices  diversified  farming,  in  which  he  has 
good  success.  He  handles  some  stock,  has  the 
best  of  fowls,  geese,  Toulouse,  chickens.  Buff 
Cochin,  is  the  pioneer  apiarist  of  the  section 
and  has  some  good  Italian  swarms  now.  The 
farm  is  well  kept,  and  manifests  the  thrift  and 
industry  of  the  owner,  while  the  tasty  buildings 
and  other  improvements  show  the  skill  and 
sagacity  of  the  man. 

Martin  Venneberg  was  born  in   Holstein, 


796 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Germany,  on  December  lo,  1863,  the  son  of 
John  and  Caroline  (Kaiifmann)  Venneberg, 
both  natives  of  tlie  same  place.  They  now  dwell 
in  Wisconsin,  having  come  thither  in  1885. 
Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  his  native  place.  He 
preceded  his  parents  by  four  years  to  Wiscon- 
sin, where  he  worked  in  the  woods  winters. 
Later  he  spent  four  seasons  on  the  lakes,  in 
1889  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  'Waterville, 
and  tiled  a  preemption.  Selling  this,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  meat  business  in  Douglas,  after 
which  he  came  to  his  present  place,  being  the 
first  white  settler  above  the  Indian  allotment 
on  the  east  side  of  the  lake.  He  at  once  set  to 
work  to  make  a  good  home,  and  the  result 
is  the  tasty  and  valuable  place  we  have  men- 
tioned. In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Venneberg 
has  been  handling  stock,  and  now  has  a  large 
band.  He  also  owns  sheep  and  hogs.  He  has 
just  commenced  the  Angora  goat  business  and 
has  some  of  the  finest  thoroughbreds. 

]\Ir.  Venneberg  has  one  brother,  Charles, 
and  four  sisters,  Lucy  Hintz,  Augusta  Hansen, 
Annie  Wolfe,  and  Mary  Robinson. 

On  ]\Iay  3,  1883,  Mr.  Venneberg  married 
Miss  Louisa  Dose  at  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin, 
who  is  a  native  of  London,  England.  She  was 
born  on  an  anniversary  of  the  Queen's  birthday, 
May  24,'  1865.  Her  parents,  Carl  and  Louisa 
(Timm)  Dose,  were  natives  of  Germany.  The 
father  lived  in  England  for  some  time,  then 
came  to  the  United  States  and  followed  his 
trade,  cabinet  making,  until  his  death,  in  1894, 
at  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin.  The  mother  was 
married  in  London  and  died  in  New  York  City 
when  Mrs.  Venneberg  was  fourteen.  Mrs. 
Venneberg  has  two  brothers,  George  and  Julius. 
Six  children  are  the  fruit  of  the  marriage  of 
our  subject:  Carl,  aged  ten;  Otto,  aged  eight; 
Willie,  aged  six;  Emma,  aged  four;  Luella, 
aged  two ;  and  Julius.  Mr.  Venneberg  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W.,  and  is  a  socialist.  He 
has  frequently  held  various  county  offices  and 
is  recognized  as  a  man  of  stability  and  up- 
rightness. 


C.  WILL  REED,  the  subject  of  the  follow- 
ing sketch,  is  a  partner  in  the  livery  and  trans- 
fer business  with  John  G.  Miller,  whose  ac- 
quaintance may  be  made  in  another  portion  of 
this  work.    Mr.  Reed  is  a  bright,  energetic  and 


popular  young  man,  and  has  a  host  of  friends 
in  VVenatchee  and  vicinity. 

C.  W.  Reed  is  a  native  Montanian,  having 
been  born  at  Deer  Lodge,  November  21,  1866. 
His  father,  Charles  B.  Reed,  is  a  Pennsylvan- 
ian,  and  at  present  resides  at  Malaga,  Chelan 
county.  The  mother,  Mary  A.  (Ebey)  Reed, 
was  born  in  Iowa,  and  lives  with  her  husband 
at  Malaga. 

Our  subject  was  but  three  years  of  age 
when  his  parents  moved  to  Kittitas  county, 
Washington,  locating  near  Ellensburg,  then  in 
Yakima  county.  Here  he  resided  until  the  age 
of  twenty-two,  attending  the  public  schools  and 
assisting  his  parents  on  the  farm.  Under  the 
Garfield  administration  the  elder  Reed  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster,  and  young  Reed  was  in  the 
postoffice  three  years,  and  subsequently  five 
years  in  a  drug  store.  In  the  spring  of  1888 
the  father  disposed  of  his  property  and  removed 
to  Malaga.  Our  subject  filed  on  a  homestead 
claim,  engaged  for  awhile  in  the  sheep  business 
and  finally  deeded  the  property  to  his  parents. 
In  October,  1902,  he  owned  a  one-third  interest 
in  a  band  of  five  thousand  sheep.  In  March, 
1903,  he  engaged  in  his  present  business.  He 
is  also  interested  in  an  ice  house,  and  other  en- 
terprises with  Mr.  A.  N.  Courtway.  He  has 
two  brothers  living,  Louis  A.,  and  J.  Harvey. 
The  former  is  foreman  of  a  sheep  ranch  near 
Wenatchee,  and  the  latter  resides  with  him.  He 
has  two  sisters,  Minnie  M.,  wife  of  Elliott  T. 
Balch,  of  Malaga,  and  Grace,  who  is  unmarried 
and  lives  at  home  with  her  parents. 

His  fraternal  affiliations  are  confined  to  the 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America  Camp  No.  5804, 
Wenatchee.  Although  a  Republican  he  is  not 
an  active  worker  in  the  political  field. 

It  may  be  noted  that  our  subject  was  the 
first  white  child  born  in  Deer  Lodge,  Montana. 
This  town  was  also  the  birthplace  of  C.  I. 
Clark,  a  son  of  Senator  W.  A.  Clark,  of  ^Mon- 
tana. 


ALBERT  N.  COURTWAY  is  one  of  the 
successful  business  men  of  \\^enatchee  and  his 
activity  and  skill  in  his  endeavors  ha.-e  given 
him  the  goodly  competence  in  financial  matters 
which  he  is  favored  with  at  the  present  time. 
He  was  born  in  Michigan,  on  November  8. 
1867,  the  son  of  Francis  X.  and  Judie  (Gilbo) 
Courtway,  natives  of  Canada.    The  father  now 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


797 


lives  on  a  ranch,  fifteen  miles  below  Wenatchee, 
but  the  mother  died  in  1873.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  school  of  Pontiac, 
Michigan,  then  came,  when  twelve,  with  the 
family  to  Klickitat  county.  There  he  farmed 
with  his  father  for  three  years,  after  which  he 
purchased  land  from  his  brother.  Later  he  sold 
the  land  back  to  him  and  purchased  school  land 
and  continued  to  buy  land  until  he  owned  two 
full  sections  and  two  more  in  partnership  with 
his  brother.  He  farmed  three  sections  to  wheat 
for  three  years  and  then  sold  the  entire  estate 
and  entered  the  sheep  business.  He  continued 
in  the  industry  of  wool  growing  until  1902, 
when  he  sold  five  thousand  head  to  his  partner. 
He  had  done  well  in  this  line  and  the  following- 
January  he  came  to  Wenatchee  and  built  a  large 
livery  barn.  He  took  a  partner,  but  later  bought 
him  out  and  then]  took  Ralph  Littlefield  as 
partner  in  the  business,  retainir.g  the  barn  in  his 
own  name.  The  firm  handles  a  first-class  livery 
and  transfer  business,  have  a  good  selection  of 
horses,  and  fine  rigs,  and  no  pains  and  care  are 
spared  to  secure  the  safety  and  comfort  of 
patrons.  Mr.  Courtway  also  owns  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  the  city,  has  a  fruit  farm  near  by, 
owns  and  handles  a  large  ice  and  storage  plant, 
and  has  other  property,  as  mining  interests  and 
so  forth. 

Mr.  Courtway  has  two  full  brothers,  An- 
thony and  Francis,  and  the  follow'ing  half 
brothers:  Augustus,  John,  Eugene,  Fred  and 
Richard. 

On  July  15,  1892,  Mr.  Courtway  married 
Miss  Lizzie,  daughter  of  John  M.  and  Ellen 
(Sullivan)  Healey,  natives  of  Ireland,  but  now 
farming  in  Klickitat  county.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Goldendale.  Mrs.  Courtway  was 
born  in  California  and  she  has  one  brother, 
John,  and  one  sister,  Lillie  Smith.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Nellie,  aged 
ten,  and  Nelson  A.,  aged  six.  Mr.  Courtway  is 
a  member  of  the  Eagles  and  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
while  politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 


IRVING  O.  SMITH,  an  estimable  citizen 
of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  at  present  en- 
gaged in  the  fruit  business,  is  a  New  Eng- 
ender by  birth,  the  place  of  his  nativity  being 
Point  Shirley,  Massachusetts.  He  was  born 
March  9,  1847.  The  ancestors  of  his  father, 
Theodore   Smith,   came  to  the  L'nited   States 


over  two  hundred  years  ago,  and  they  have 
taken  prominent  parts  in  all  of -the  wars  since 
that  period.  The  father  of  our  subject  died  in 
Illinois,  in  1888.  The  mother,  Emily  (\\'alker) 
Smith,  was  a  native  of  Williamstown,  Vermont, 
descended  from  an  old  New  England  family. 
She  died  when  our  subject  was  but  three  years 
of  age. 

The  latter  attained  his  majority  in  Illinois, 
where  he  was,  practically,  reared  and  educated 
in  the  state  normal  school  of  Illinois.  He  sub- 
sequently taught  school  two  years,  going  to 
Kansas  soon  after  he  had  reached  his  twenty- 
first  year.  Soon  after  this  he  was  in  Denver, 
Colorado,  engaged  in  mining,  which  occupation 
he  pursued  six  or  seven  years,  and  the  follow- 
ing seven  years  he  was  in  California,  Utah, 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  engaged  in  various 
lines  of  business.  He  came  to  Spokane  in  the 
spring  of  1887  and  followed  the  dairy  business 
in  company  with  his  brother,  Edward.  In  1891 
he  arrived  in  Wenatchee,  and  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  dairying  and  ranching.  Suijsequently 
he  went  to  Vancouver,  British  Columbia,  and, 
for  four  years,  was  in  the  ice  cream  and  con- 
fectionery business.  Going  thence  to  Seattle 
he  built  a  house  and  invested  in  property  in  that 
city,  but  returned  to  Wenatchee,  where  at  pres- 
ent he  resides.  He  has  four  brothers,  Edward  F., 
Justus  K.,  Joseph  and  Bert,  and  three  sisters, 
Josephine,  Addie  and  Lida,  single,  and  resid- 
ing with  her  mother  in  California. 

At  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado,  July  1 1 , 
1875,  our  subject  was  married  and  the  fruit  of 
this  union  is  two  boys,  Irving  W.  and  Theodore 
C,  the  elder  of  whom,  Theodore,  20  years  old, 
is  a  rising  electrician  of  Seattle,  while  the 
younger,  Irving,  17  years  of  age,  is  with  his  par- 
ents on  the  ranch.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of 
the  Free  Methodist  church  and  politcally  a  Pro- 
hibitionist. 


CHARLES  G.  COOPER  was  Ix>rn  in  Scio 
township,  Washington  county,  Michigan  on 
April  27.  1863,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Emma  Cooper,  who  were  born  in  England.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  ]\Iichi- 
gan  and  then  taught  there  for  three  years.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  united  with  the  Methodist 
church.  In  the  spring  of  1887,  he  came  to 
Washington  and  the  following  fall  to  Wenat- 
chee, where  he  taught  school  for  three  terms. 


798 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


On  November  12,  1892,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Cooper  and  Miss  Pearl  G.  Blair. 
The  fruit  of  this  union  is  the  following  named 
children :  Rachel  Estella.  torn  February  28, 
1896,  and  George  Blair,  born  October  16,  1897. 

Mr.  Cooper  has  followed  farming  and  fruit 
raising  since  coming  here.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  God  in  W'enatchee.  In  the  years 
of  1903  and  1904,  Mr.  Cooper  made  a  tour  of 
the  east  and  came  liome  by  way  of  southern  Cal- 
ifornia, where  he  spent  one  winter  with  his  fam- 
ily. At  the  date  of  this  writing.  A.  D.,  1904, 
iviarch  25,  Mr.  Cooper  resides  one  and  one- 
fourth  miles  west  from  Wenatchee. 


ZADOK  A.  LANHAiM,  one  of  the  popular 
and  influential  citizens  of  \Venatchee,  success- 
fully divides  his  attention  between  fruit  and 
stock  raising.  The  modern  impro^•ements  now 
upon  his  beautiful  place,  and  contemplated,  will 
place  it  in  the  first  rank  among  the  more  pre- 
tentious homes  of  Central  Washington. 

He  was  born  March  22,  1849,  in  that  por- 
tion of  \'irginia  that  has  since  been  cut  off  and 
renamed  West  Virginia.  His  father,  Jeremiah 
Lanham,  descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  aristocratic  of  the  Virginia  families,  died 
in  September.  1883.  His  mother.  Elizabeth 
(  Crites)  Lanham.  was  also  a  Virginian,  of  Ger- 
man ancestory.     She  passed  away  in  1887. 

Until  the  age  of  twenty-six  Zadok  A.  Lan- 
ham was  reared  and  educated  in  West  Virginia 
and  then  turned  his  footsteps  westward.  He 
first  went  to  Leadville.  Colorado,  where  for 
four  or  five  years  he  was  engaged  in  mining. 
Thence  he  pushed  on  to  Arizona,  New  Mexico 
and  California,  working  six  months  at  Fresno 
at  the  trade  of  a  carpenter.  After  passing  a 
few  months  in  the  Puget  Sound  country,  he 
came  to  his  present  location,  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  Wenatchee.  This  was  in  1883.  He 
then  filed  on  the  homestead  which  he  has  since 
successfully  cultivated. 

In  the  line  of  stock  industry  Mr.  Lanham 
winters  from  sixty-five  to  seventy  head  of  cat- 
tle, owns  a  fine  registered  bull  which  captured 
several  medals  at  county  fairs,  and  has  every 
convenience  for  successfully  exploiting  the  cat- 
tle enterprise.  In  1902  he  gathered  from  his 
twenty-three-acre  orcliard  eight  thousand  boxes 
of  apples.    He  has,  also,  fifteen  acres  in  alfalfa. 


At  the  Buffalo  Exposition  he  carried  off  the 
gold,  silver  and  bronze  medals  for  apples  in 
1901. 

Our  subject  has  four  brothers:  John  R.,  a 
Wenatchee  merchant,  and  one  of  the  stock- 
holders of  the  W.  T.  Rarey  Company ;  Enos  B., 
Josiah  and  Ephriam.  He  has  four  sisters,  El- 
len, Catherine,  Lottie  and  Olive. 

At  Ellensburg.  Washington.  February  13, 
1890,  Mr.  Lanham  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Clara  V.  Peterson,  a  native  of  West  Virginia. 
Her  father,  H.  M.  Peterson,  was  a  Virginian, 
as  was  her  mother.  Mrs.  Lanham  has  two 
brothers,  Lewis  and  Miles,  ^Missouri  farmers, 
and  two  sisters,  Lee  and  Georgia.  To  ^Ir.  and 
Mrs.  Lanham  no  children  have  been  born. 

For  their  future  home  a  new  Queen  Ann 
cottage  is  in  process  of  erection,  estimated  to 
cost  three  thousand  dollars.  It  will  be  provided 
with  electric  lights,  hot  air  furnace  and  other 
modern  and  sanitary  impro\ements. 

Our  subject  is  one  of  the  leading  Republi- 
cans of  the  state,  an  active  party  worker,  and 
has  been  a  delegate  to  the  county  conventions 
since  he  first  located  in  the  vicinitv. 


WENDELL  E.  STE\-ENS,  the  pioneer 
merchant  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  located 
here  as  early  as  1886.  At  present  he  is  engaged 
in  the  fruit  and  stock  business.  Born  in  Os- 
wego, New  York,  November  6,  1856,  he  is  the 
son  of  Elisha  and  Charlotte  (Wiltse)  Stevens, 
both  natives  of  New  York  state.  The  father 
was  born  on  the  old  Stevens  farm,  the  home- 
stead for  many  generations  of  the  Stevens  fam- 
ily. The  Wiltse  family,  ancestors  of  the 
mother  of  our  subject,  has  for  a  great  many 
years  been  a  prominent  one  in  Cayuga  county, 
New  York. 

Wendell  E.  Stevens,  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
article,  was  graduated  from  the  state  normal 
school,  at  Oswego,  New  York,  and  on  reaching 
his  majority  began  teaching  school.  This  he 
continued  for  five  terms,  at  the  conclusion  of 
which  he  came  to  the  Puget  Sound  country, 
and  became  proprietor  of  a  railroad  boarding 
house,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Eastern  Railway  Company.  In  this 
vocation  he  accumulated  a  profit  of  five  hun- 
dred dollars  a  month,  and  he  continued  the  bus- 
iness five  years.     Mr.  Stevens  then  located  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


799 


"old  Wenatchee,"  engaging  in  the  general  mer- 
chandise business,  the  first  one  to  do  so.  He 
built  a  large,  two-story  store  building,  which  he 
has  since  converted  into  a  barn.  With  the  ad- 
vent of  the  railroad,  business  increased  rapidly, 
and  Air.  Stevens  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the 
mercantile  enterprise,  and  directed  his  attention 
to  fruit  and  stock  raising.  He  cultivates  fifty 
acres,  a  part  of  the  old  Milligan  ranch,  which 
he  owns.  Milligan,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers, 
was  drowned  in  the  Columbia  river.  He  has 
thirty  acres  in  alfalfa  and  ten  acres  of  profitable 
bearing  orchard,  mainly  apples.  He  has  never 
competed  for  prizes,  but  received  two  prizes 
from  the  committee  on  fruit  at  the  Buffalo  Ex- 
position, for  a  box  of  apples  he  had  forwarded 
for  free  distribution.  He  owns  fifteen  head  of 
cattle  and  last  winter  he  fed  one  hundred  head 
of  horses.  Mr.  Stevens  has  two  brothers,  Carl- 
ton and  Clarence,  and  two  sisters,  Lorissa  and 
Edna. 

At  Wenatchee,  in  1893,  our  subject  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Grace  Blair,  the 
father,  mother  and  sisters  of  whom  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  work.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Stevens  have  beeen  born  three  children, 
Wendell,  aged  ten,  Ruth,  seven,  and  Vera,  three 
years  old. 

Although  by  no  means  an  active  politician, 
Mr.  Stevens  is  in  line  with  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  is  interested  in  its  suc- 
cess. 


HIRAM  G.  BILLS,  postmaster  and  gen- 
eral merchant  of  Monitor,  Chelan  county,  is  a 
Virginian,  born  in  Wheeling,  February  25. 
1859.  His  father,  Boaz  Bills,  was  a  native  of 
Virginia,  and  served  honorably  in  the  Eighty- 
first  Illinois  Infantry,  during  the  Civil  War. 
While  in  the  service  he  met  with  a  peculiar  ad- 
venture which  came  perilously  near  having  a 
tragic  conclusion.  While  on  a  march,  being 
quite  exhausted,  he  stopped  at  a  store  to  procure 
a  glass  of  milk.  A  woman  who  was  present 
told  him  that  he  had  the  "yellow  jaundice,"  and 
offered  him  some  medicine,  which  he  accepted. 
He  soon  fell  in  the  road,  poisoned  by  sufficient 
arsenic  to  kill  ten  men.  Prompt  medical  at- 
tendance saved  his  life,  but,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  his  attempted  murder  was  the  work  of  a 
woman  he  would  never  divulge  her  name.  He 
died    at    Pendleton,    Oregon,    in    1881.      The 


mother,  Mary  A.  (Campbell)  Bills,  was  also  a 
native  of  Virginia,  dying  in  1878,  at  the  age  of 
fifty-two  years.  Her  family  once  owned  a  large 
tract  of  valuable  oil  land,  now  in  the  possession 
of  the  Standard  Oil  Company.  The  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  surgeon  in 
the  federal  army  during  the  \\'ar  of  181 2.  He 
came  to  Virginia  with  Lord  Fairfax,  to  whose 
family  he  was  related.  He  died  at  the  age  of 
ninety-two  years. 

Perry  county,  Illinois,  was  the  scene  of  our 
subject's  earliest  exploits.  Lentil  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  attended  the  public  schools,  and 
then  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  at  which  he 
has  worked  at  various  periods  ever  since.  In 
1880  he  went  to  Oregon  and  purchased  a  farm 
in  Umatilla  county,  near  Pendleton.  Follow- 
ing several  other  land  speculations  he  came  to 
the  Mission  valley,  locating  at  Mission,  where 
he  was  the  pioneer  merchant,  and  third  post- 
master of  the  place.  In  the  fall  of  1901  he 
purchased  two  hundred  acres,  lying  in  Fair- 
view  canyon.  Water  is  furnished  from  three 
generous  springs,  and  it  is  one  of  the  finest 
properties  in  the  valley.  He  has  three  broth- 
ers, John  A.,  Robert  C.  and  Alexander  T. 

Our  subject  was  married  April  23,  1884,  at 
Pendleton,  Oregon,  to  Alinnie  A.  Coats,  a  na- 
tive of  Missouri.  Her  father,  John,  was  born 
in  England,  and  her  mother.  Rachel  (Creason) 
Coats,  was  a  native  of  Missouri.  Mrs.  Bills  has 
one  brother,  John,  now  living  in  Missouri.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Bills  have  eight  children,  Charles, 
Frank  G.,  Fred,  Chester,  Arthur,  Clarence, 
Ethel  and  Jessie.  Fraternally,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  of  A.,  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  while 
in  politics  the  Republican  principles  appeal  most 
strongly  to  him. 


LEROY  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant, Iowa,  August  6,  1870.  His  father,  Will- 
iam S.  Wright,  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  where  he 
was  born  August  14,  1836.  and  at  present  re- 
sides at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa.  His  father,  the 
paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born 
at  Washington,  Pennsylvania.  February  8, 
1805.  The  wife  of  the  latter,  Margaret 
(Strawther)  Wright,  was  a  native  of  Rock- 
ingham county,  Virginia.  The  mother  of  our 
subject,  Juliet  M.  (Troutman)  Wright,  de- 
scendant of  an  old  American  familv,  was  born 


8oo 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


in  Pennsylvania,  December  2.  1839,  dying  Jan- 
uary 24,  1872,  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa.  The 
Wright  family  were  quite  prominent  in  the  up- 
building of  Iowa,  an  uncle  of  William  S.,  Judge 
George  G.  Wright,  having  been  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  and  United  States  Senator. 

February  14.  1899,  our  subject  was  united 
in  marriage,  at  Waterville,  Douglas  county,  to 
;Mildred  France,  daughter  of  Dow  G.  and  Julia 
A.  (Pramer)  France.  The  father,  a  native  of 
New  York,  was  born  July  21,  1837,  and  served 
three  years  in  the  Civil  War,  in  Company  A, 
Tenth' Wisconsin  Volunteers,  and  the  mother 
March  12,  1857.  The  latter  now  resides  with 
our  subject. 

Until  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  Leroy 
Wright  was  reared  in  Iowa,  where  he  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  Howe's  academy, 
Mt.  Pleasant.  Iowa.  In  1892  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  filed  on  a  claim  near  WaterA^ille, 
Douglas  county,  Washington.  This  ranch  he 
cultivated  five  years,  devoting  the  same  princi- 
pally to  wheat.  Subsequent  to  proving  up 
on  his  claim  he  came  to  Wenatchee,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  produce  business,  which  he  has 
engaged  in  ever  since.  He  owns  a  handsome 
two-story  house  one  block  from  the  business 
section  of  Wenatchee,  one  of  the  finest  edifices 
in  the  place,  and  supplied  with  all  modern  im- 
provements. He,  also,  owns  a  young,  ten-acre 
orchard  near  Wenatchee  bridge.  Our  subject 
has  two  full  brothers,  John,  a  merchant  of  Sher- 
idan, Wyoming,  and  Harvey,  residing  at  Priest 
River,  Idaho.  He  also  has  three  half  brothers. 
George  G.,  Roscoe  and  Frank.  Mrs.  Wright, 
the  wife  of  our  subject,  has  seven  brothers  liv- 
ing, Orpheus,  William,  Charles,  Ellsworth, 
Jesse,  Leroy  and  Clyde,  and  two  sisters.  Flora 
and  Ella.  She  has  one  child.  ]^Iay,  aged  two 
years. 

Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the  Woodmen 
of  the  World,  \\'enatchee.  His  political  affilia- 
tions are  with  the  Republican  party,  but  he  is 
not  an  active  partisan.  He  is  one  of  the  pro- 
gressive, public-spirited  men  of  Chelan  county, 
closely  identified  with  the  best  interests  of  his 
community,  and  highly  esteemed  by  all. 


JEREMIAH  McFARLAXD.  one  of  the 
well-known  and  highly  esteemed  citizens  of 
Chelan  county,  is  engaged  in  fruit  raising  and 
the  real  estate  business  at  Mission,  Washington. 


He  was  born  in  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  August  4, 
1837.  His  father,  James  McFarland,  of  Scotch 
ancestry,  came  to  the  United  States  when  a 
young  man,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  railroad  contractor,  dying  in  1844.  The 
mother,  Julia  A.  (Gilbert)  McFarland.  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  and  died  in  1843.  ^^^ 
was  of  Scotch-English  descent. 

At  the  tender  age  of  seven  years,  young 
McFarland  found  himself  thrown  upon  the 
world  to  make  his  own  way  as  best  he  could. 
He  lived  with  a  number  of  farmers  who,  while 
satisfied  to  accept  his  work,  were  very  reluctant 
to  afford  him  the  means  of  obtaining  even  the 
most  meagre  education.  Consequently,  until 
he  was  eighteen  years  old,  he  did  not  learn  to 
read.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  joined  Van  Am- 
burg's  circus,  and  became  an  acrobat.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  our  subject,  as- 
sociated with  a  man  named  Robbins.  enrolled  a 
company  for  the  Seventeenth  Illinois  Infantry. 
He  served  three  years  under  Colonel  Baldwin, 
and  was  in  a  number  of  serious  engagements, 
including  Shiloh.  Pittsburg  Landing.  Fort 
Donelson,  Corinth  and  others.  At  Shiloh  he 
lost  two  fingers,  besides  receiving  two  wounds 
in  the  head  and  a  flesh  wound  in  the  leg.  After 
the  war  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  war  in  the 
saloon  business  two  years,  but  as  this  was  dis- 
tasteful to  him  he  went  to  farming.  From 
Illinois  he  removed  to  McKean  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  for  the  following  three  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  thence 
to  Pembina  county.  North  Dakota,  in  mission- 
ary work  for  the  liaptist  Publication  Company, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  for  the  succeeding  nine 
years  he  devoted  his  attention  to  organizing 
Sunday  schools.  Coming  to  Wenatchee.  in 
February,  1894,  he  purchased  his  present  home 
in  Mission,  a  story  and  a  half  cottage,  and  five 
acres  of  land.  The  property  is  now  worth  five 
thousand  dollars  and  Mr.  McFarland  easily 
clears  six  hundred  dollars  per  annum  from  the 
place.  Aside  from  the  orchard  the  land  is  de- 
voted to  pasture,  poultry,  bees,  etc.  He-^has 
raised  apricots  measuring  nine  inches  in  cir- 
cumference, and  took  five  first  premiums  at  the 
Chelan  county  fair  of  1903.  Mr.  McFarland 
and  his  accomplished  wife  are  artists,  and  have 
produced  some  beautiful  landscapes  portraying 
the  picturesque  scenery  in  their  locality. 

They  were  married  at  Rixford,  McKean 
county,   Pennsylvania,  the  bride  being  Sarah 


MRS.  J.   McFARLAND^  RESIDENCE  OF  J.  McFARLAND.  J.   McFARLAND. 


MRS.  IRA  FREER. 


y 


l^'V 


JOHN  HOLDEN. 


GEORGE  T.   RICHARDSON.  CHARLES  A.  SCHINDLER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


80 1 


Jones,  a  native  of  Canada.  She  has  three 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  James,  Barton  and 
John,  and  Jane  Trarris,  and  Catherine  Wright. 
Mr.  McFarland  has  one  brother,  James.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  and  Past  Com- 
mander of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  at  present  chap- 
lain of  the  local  post.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  church. 


IRA  FREER,  an  enterprising  and  success- 
ful merchant  of  Mission,  Chelan  county,  al- 
though still  a  young  man,  may  be  classed  with 
the  pioneers  of  Washington.  He  is  the  son  of 
Harvey  and  Mary  (Brothers)  Freer,  both  na- 
tives of  Ohio,  where  our  subject  was  born,  in 
Ashland  county.  February  2,  1863. 

For  many  generations  the  Freers  have  been 
influential  people  in  Ohio,  engaging  in  mercan- 
tile, banking  and  professional  pursuits.  The 
father,  Harvey  Freer,  died  in  1900:  the  mother 
still  resides  in  Ohio.  This  state,  also,  was  the 
home  of  our  subject  until  he  reached  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years.  On  September  12,  1884,  he 
landed  in  Wenatchee,  and  lived  with  his  uncles, 
Frank  and  David  Freer,  pioneer  settlers  of  the 
Wenatchee  valley.  Three  years  from  that  pe- 
riod he  pre-empted  a  claim,  cut  logs  at  Pine 
Flat,  floated  them  down  the  river,  purchased  a 
thousand  feet  of  lumber  at  forty  dollars  a  thou- 
sand, paid  twenty-five  cents  a  pound  for  nails, 
and  erected  a  substantial  house  on  his  claim. 
He  raised  a  little  fruit,  but  the  market  was  un- 
certain, and  it  was  not  until  the  railroad  invaded 
the  locality  that  he  began  to  realize  a  living 
from  his  place.  He  sold  out  later,  teught  an- 
other place,  and  this  he  traded  for  city  prop- 
erty in  Mission.  An  attack  of  appendicitis  laid 
him  up  for  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
accomplished  little  or  nothing.  He  served  one 
year  as  road  supervisor,  and  in  June,  1898.  en- 
gaged in  the  general  mercantile  business,  which 
he  still  conducts.  He  carries  about  twelve 
thousand  dollars'  worth  of  stock.  Mr.  Freer 
has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Bently. 
Joseph,  James,  Alberta,  Levina  Oswalt,  and 
Cordelia  Middaugh. 

To  Miss  Lydia  R.  Binehower,  a  nati\'e  of 
Ashland  county,  Ohio,  Mr.  Freer  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1882.  Her  father  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  dying  in  1901.  Her  mother,  a 
native  of  Wurtemberg,  Germanv,  is  still  living. 

51 


She  has  one  brother  and  five  sisters,  Martin  L., 
Sarah  A.  Smith,  Christena  A.  Craeger,  Eliza 
C,  Henrietta  C,  and  Mary  A.  She  has  one 
child,  Cordelia  A.,  wife  of  Philip  Bellinger, 
elsewhere  mentioned  in  this  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Freer  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  is  a  Republican,  politically. 


JOHN  HOLDEN,  who  is  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  intelligent  farmers  of  Chelan 
county,  was  born  in  Brown  countv,  Ohio,  on 
March  31,  1848,  the  son  of  Richard  and  Cath- 
erine (Fritz)  Holden,  natives  of  England  and 
Ohio,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  1876 
and  the  mother  in  1853.  Our  subject  grew  up 
in  the  Buckeye  state  and  there  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  from  the  schools  near  his 
home.  In  1871  he  thirsted  to  try  the  world  for 
himself  and  accordingly  started  out.  He  soon 
landed  in  Sacramento  and  after  six  months 
there  went  to  the  mines  in  Nevada  county.  He 
continued  to  labor  there  until  1876,  when  he 
journeyed  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington.  He 
farmed  in  that  county  for  seven  years,  then  re- 
moved to  Ritzville,  where  he  continued  in  the 
same  occupation  for  ten  years.  It  was  1894 
that  Mr.  Holden  came  to  Leavenworth  and 
since  then  he  has  been  one  of  the  substantial 
residents  of  this  region.  He  is  engaged  in  the 
drawing  business. 

For  twenty-one  years,  Mr.  Holden  has  been 
school  director  and  he  has  done  very  much  for 
the  advancement  of  educational  facilities.  He 
has  been  constable  for  several  terms  and  is  at 
present  deputy  sheriff  of  Chelan  county. 

While  in  Walla  Walla  county.  Washington, 
in  1884,  Mr.  Holden  married  Miss  Carrie  E. 
Farnsworth  and  to  them  were  born  three  chil- 
dren. Ira  Oliver,  Mary  Mable,  and  Sara  Etta. 
Mrs.  Holden  died  July  i,  1894,  aged  thirty- 
nine  3'ears,  five  months  and  twenty-seven  days. 
Mr.  Holden  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters, Robert  J.,  who  was  killed  in  Murfreesboro 
while  in  the  army:  Richard,  who  served  three 
years  in  the  army;  Thomas;  George;  Henry; 
Bazil ;  James,  who  served  ten  years  in  the  regu- 
lar army  and  died  in  the  Philippines:  Sara,  wife 
of  John  Dederick,  of  Madisonville,  Ohio ;  Cath- 
erine, single;  Ellen,  wife  of  Mr.  McDonald,  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Mr.  Holden  is  a  member  of 
the  Foresters  and  the  Good  Templars  and  in 


802 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


political  alliances  pulls  with  the  Republicans. 
He  and  his  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the 
Christian  church. 


GEORGE  T.  RICHARDSON  is  a  native 
of  the  Old  Bay  State  and  was  born  on  January 
2,  1847,  the  son  of  Sanford  L.  and  Elizabeth 
(Stone)  Richardson.  The  father  was  born  in 
Vermont  and  died  when  seventy-six  years  of 
age.  The  mother  was  born  in  New  England. 
When  a  child,  our  subject  left  Massachusetts 
with  his  parents  and  settled  in  Tuscola  county, 
Michigan,  where  the  father  did  farming.  George 
T.  received  his  education  from  the  public 
schools,  then  went  to  Kansas,  where  he  lived 
for  seven  years.  He  returned  to  Mchigan  and 
seventeen  years  ago  came  to  the  sound  country 
and  lived  at  Eagle  Harbor  for  two  years,  when 
he  came  to  Chelan  county  and  filed  on  a  timber 
culture  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  He 
proved  up  on  the  same  and  bought  thirty  acres 
adjoining.  He  has  thirty-eight  acres  under  cul- 
tivation and  a  fine  orchard  of  ten  acres. 

George  T.  Richardson  has  one  brother, 
Lewis,  and  four  half  brothers  and  four  half  sis- 
ters, named  as  follows:  Howard,  Sanford, 
Frank,  Willie,  Addie,  Amelia,  Emma,  and 
Nellie.  He  was  married  in  Barton  county,  Kan- 
sas to  Miss  Ida  Oliva  Meacham,  on  November 
27,  1877,  and  thirteen  children  have  been  born 
to  this  union,  Walter  S.,  now  in  Alaska;  Alice 
E. ;  Phil  E.,  deceased;  Leon  H. ;  Elsie  V. ; 
Lewis;  George  H. ;  Sanford  L. ;  Roy  E. ;  Oscar 
P. ;  Norman  E.,  Victor,  and  Horace.  Mrs.  Rich- 
ardson's father  and  mother  were  pioneers  to 
Kansas  and  went  to  that  state  in  1872.  Our 
subject  determined  to  enlist  in  the  army  and 
■walked  thirty-six  miles  on  a  cold  winter's  day. 
for  that  purpose  but  was  denied  the  privilege 
on  account  of  not  being  tall  enough. 

Mr.  Richardson  is  a  Republican  from  prin- 
ciple and  has  always  taken  the  interest  in  politi- 
cal matters  that  becomes  a  good  citizen. 


CHARLES  A.  SCHINDLER  of  the  firm 
of  Schindler  &  Sons,  at  Chelan  Falls,  Washing- 
ton, was  born  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  on  March 
7,  1880.  His  father,  Charles  Schindler  was 
born  in  Germany  and  owns  property  at  Barnes- 


ville,  Minnesota.  T1t€  mother,  Anna  (Moon) 
Schindler.  was  torn  in  Paris,  France.  The 
other  children  of  the  family  are  August,  Christ, 
Lizzie,  Dora,  Lina  and  Cecilia.  Charles  A.  re- 
ceived his  education  in  his  native  state  and  re- 
mained with  his  father  until  November  6,  1900, 
when  he  came  to  Spokane.  After  that  he  visited 
Wenatchee.  spending  one  month  at  the  "home 
of  the  big-  red  apple."  From  there,  he  jour- 
neyed to  Seattle  seeking  a  location  for  a  brew- 
ery. After  a  while  he  was  fireman  on  the 
Columbia  and  Puget  Sound  railroad  at  Seattle, 
then  came  to  Lake  Chelan.  He  purchased  a  lo- 
cation for  a  brewery  at  Chelan  Falls,  then  re- 
turned to  Seattle  and  pursued  his  former  busi- 
ness until  November  4,  1901.  At  that  time, 
he  returned  to  Chelan  Falls  and  built  the  Chelan 
Falls  brewery,  which  he  is  handling  now  in 
conjunction  with  his  father,  the  firm  being 
known  as  Schindler  &  Son.  The  plant  has  a 
capacity  of  two  thousand  barrels  per  year  and 
is  first  class  in  every  respect.  Mr.  Schindler 
has  ascertained  that  the  water  at  Chelan  is 
especially  adapted  for  the  manufacture  of  beer 
and  the  result  is  that  he  is  producing  a  lirst  class 
article.  Mr.  Schindler  followed  farming  in  the 
east,  while  his  father  was  a  skillful  brewer 
and  operated  in  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  and  St. 
Paul. 

Mr.  Schindler  is  still  a  member  of  the  order 
of-  jolly  bachelors.  He  belongs  to  the  Catholic 
Foresters  and  also  to  the  Catholic  chufch.  Po- 
litically, he  is  a  Republican  and  always  takes  a 
keen  interest  in  the  issues  of  tlie  dav. 


HECTOR  PATTERSON,  who  is  now 
identified  with  the  fruit  industry  of  Chelan 
county,  resides  near  Mission.  He  was  born  in 
Scotland.  June  16,  1845,  but  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Canada  when  he  w-as  only  a  year  old. 
His  parents.  Hector  and  Catherine  (Love)  Pat- 
terson, were  both  natives  of  Scotland.  The 
father  died  in  Canada  in  1895,  ^"^  ^""^  '^^'^s  ^"''" 
vix'ed  by  his  widow  only  three  years.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  in  Canada  and  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  there,  improving  his  opportunities 
so  far  as  possible,  and  when  sixteen  years  of 
age  he  went  to  Saginaw,  Michigan,  where  he 
found  employment  in  the  lumber  woods.  Eigh- 
teen months  thereafter  he  removed  to  Wiscon- 
sin where  he  became  a  clerk  for  a  large  mill- 
ing: concern,  and  in  this  work,  and  various  other 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


803 


employments,  he  continued  until  1876,  making 
his  home  principally  in  Oshkosh.  In  this  lat- 
ter city  he  was  graduated  from  a  business  col- 
lege, having  previously  attended  a  similar  in- 
stitution in  Milwaukee.  Coming  to  the  Puget 
Sound  country  our  subject  worked  in  the  lum- 
ber district  three  years,  and  then  filed  on  a 
claim  lying  on  the  Nooksack  river,  in  Whatcom 
county.  Within  six  months  he  was  flooded  out, 
and  he  then  came  across  the  mountains  and  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railway 
company  three  years.  In  1882  Mr.  Patterson 
entered  the  employment  of  Shelhvorth  &  Com- 
pany, of  Walla  Walla,  being  assigned  to  their 
Clark's  Fork  store,  as  head  bookkeeper.  Fol- 
lowing a  short  period  passed  in  Ainsworth, 
Washington,  he  came  to  Waterville,  Douglas 
county,  and  identified  himself  with  the  stock 
raising  industry,  fifteen  years.  He  then  re- 
moved to  his  present  location,  one  and  one- 
quarter  miles  from  ^lission,  and  purchased 
twenty  acres  of  land,  now  having  five  acres  set 
out  to  orchard,  and  which  he  intends  to  in- 
crease. 

Mr.  Patterson  has  four  brothers  living,  Neil, 
John,  in  Detroit,  Michigan :  William,  a  bridge 
contractor,  in  Kentucky,  and  Duncan,  a  farmer, 
residing  near  Waterville.  _  His  two  sisters  are 
Catherine,  widow  of  iNIr.' Hardy,  and  Sarah, 
wife  of  James  Dawson,  of  Detroit.  Mr.  Pat- 
terson is  single,  his  niece,  Jeanette  Patterson, 
living  with  him.  He  is  a  member  of  Camp  No. 
5856,  M.  W.  A.,  of  Mission,  and  the  K.  O.  T. 
M.,  of  which  he  is  record  keeper.  He  is  a 
Democrat.  In  the  campaign  of  1900  he  was  a 
candidate  for  county  auditor  on  the  •  fusion 
ticket,  but  was  defeated.  In  Douglas  county  he 
was  delegate  to  many  county  conventions,  and 
^^■hen  the  county  was  organized  he  was  ap- 
pointed assessor. 


JAMES  B.  HOLMES,  enterprising,  pros- 
perous and  successful  as  a  Chelan  county  agri- 
culturist, resides  on  a  model  farm  one  and  one- 
half  miles  east  of  Mission.  He  was  born  in 
Monroe  county,  Michigan,  November  3,  1850. 
His  father,  Caleb  L.  Holmes,  is  a  New  Eng- 
ender, Maine  being  his  native  state,  and  of 
Scotch-English  ancestry.  His  life  has  been 
passed  as  a  farmer  and  lumberman.  He  now 
resides  at  Redwood  Falls,  Minnesota.  The 
mother,  Eunice  E.  (Mann)  Holmes,  was  a  na- 


tive of  the  Keystone  state,  of  Dutch  and  New 
England  ancestry.  She  passed  away  at  Red- 
wood Falls  in  1898. 

When  he  was  two  years  of  age,  the  parents 
of  our  subject  moved  to  Wisconsin  and  later 
to  Minnesota.  Until  he  was  twenty-four  years 
old  he  remained  at  home,  working  on  the  farm 
and  attending  public  school.  Removing  to  Red- 
wood Falls,  he  purchased  land  which  he  culti- 
vated successfully  three  years,  and  then  went 
to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  furniture  business,  continuing  the  same 
ten  years.  In  1889  li^  disposed  of  the  stock  and 
came  to  Washington,  locating  at  Waterville, 
Douglas  county,  where  he  filed  on  a  homestead, 
on  which  he  lived  ten  years.  He  then  came  to 
Chelan  couritj^  settled  on  his  present  place, 
sixty  acres  of  land,  forty  acres  of  which  he  cul- 
tivates and  has  twenty  acres  devoted  to  alfalfa 
and  orchard.  He  has  one  brother,  Ernest  M., 
a  commercial  traveler  residing  at  Redwood 
Falls. 

At  the  latter  place,  July. 15,  1883,  our  sub- 
ject was  married  to  Alice  W.  Cook,  tern  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Her  father,  Alfred  M.  Cook, 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  her  mother,  Susan 
Cook,  of  Ohio.  Both  are  deceased.  Mrs. 
Holmes  has  three  brothers,  Alfred  A.,  who  was 
captain  of  a  company,  and  is  now  an  inmate  of 
a  soldier's  home;  Milton  A.,  superintendent  of 
a  railway  division  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Ed- 
ward, a  farmer  living  near  Wenatchee.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Holmes,  James  L.,  a  fireman  on  the  Great 
Northern  railway,  and  Elizabeth  C,  a  school 
girl  residing  with  her  parents. 

Mr.  Holmes  is  prominent  in  Masonic  circles, 
being  a  member  of  Riverside  Lodge  No.  1 12,  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.,  Wenatchee,  W'enatcheee  Chapter 
No.  22,  R.  A.  M.,  Zion  Commandery.  K.  T., 
Minneapolis  and  also  of  the  Nobles  of  the  ^lys- 
tic  Shrine,  Minneapolis.  Politically,  he  is  a 
staunch  Republican,  has  served  as  delegate  to 
numerous  county  conventions,  but  is  not  a  party 
man  in  the  strictest  sense.  In  the  community 
in  which  he  resides  he  is  highly  respected  and 
influential. 


MELVIN  P.  WILSON  is  at  the  head  of  a 
fine  industry,  that  of  fruit  raising,  and  his  ex- 
cellent fifteen  acre  orchard,  which  annually 
produces  large  quantities  of  first  class  fruit  for 


8o4 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


the  Spokane  and  Seattle  markets,  shows  his  ex- 
ecutive abihty  and  skill  in  the  line.  In  addition 
to  shipping  hundreds  of  boxes  to  the  various 
markets  and  also  supplying  great  quantities  of 
dried  fruit,  he  does  a  large  local  trade.  The 
farm  is  located  about  three  miles  west  from 
Lakeside,  on  the  banks  of  Lake  Chelan  and  was 
taken  from  the  government  domain  by  our  sub- 
ject in  1 89 1.  He  has  bestowed  his  labors  with 
wisdom  in  the  intervening  years  and  the  mag- 
nificent showing  testifies  to  his  gratifying  suc- 
cess. 

Melvin  P.  W^ilson  was  born  in  Davenport, 
Iowa,  on  December  15,  1852.  the  son  of  Peter 
and  Mary  J.  (  Rouser)  Wilson,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  father's  people  were  Quakers 
and  were  prominent  patriots  in  the  Revolution. 
The  mother's  people  were  of  Dutch  stock  and 
fought  for  American  independence.  The  father 
died  in  June,  1852  and  the  widow  married 
Charles  L.  Leymour.  The  family  remained  in 
Davenport  until  1864,  when  they  removed  to 
Clinton,  where  our  subject  completed  his  edu- 
cation in  the  high  schools  and  the  Clinton  bus- 
iness college.  He  learned  the  tinner  trade  as 
soon  as  he  left  school  and  followed  the  same 
until  1877  when  he  embarked  in  the  hardware 
business  until  1880.  when  he  returned  to  his 
trade  again.  In  1887.  Mr.  Wilson  was  em- 
ployed on  the  circulation  department  of  the  Chi- 
cago Daily  News,  then  spent  a  year  in  Kansas, 
after  which  he  was  three  years  in  Colorado. 
Next  came  a  journey  to  Spokane  and  all  this 
time  he  was  occupied  with  working  at  his  trade. 
He  located,  at  Waterville  and  in  May,  1891, 
he  settled  on  his  present  place.  He  has  been 
here  since  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
the  fruit  industry  of  the  section.  Mr.  Wilson 
was  formerly  a  Republican,  but  of  late  years 
he  has  developed  more  independent  ideas  and 
is  now  classed  as  a  thorough  independent.  He 
has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  \Vho  know 
him  and  his  labors  have  not  only  produced  good 
results  in  actual  returns  of  fruit,  but  have  stim- 
ulated many  others  to  this  good  work. 


DANIEL  PETRI E.  Among  the  indus- 
trious farmers  of  the  Lake  Chelan  country,  we 
are  constrained  to  mention  the  gentleman  whose 
name  initiates  this  article,  since  he  has  mani- 
fested integrity  and  uprightness,  together  with 
faithfulness,  in  all  his  labors  here  for  a  decade. 


He  dwells  about  six  and  one-half  miles  north- 
west from  Chelan  upon  a  farm  taken  from 
government  land,  in  the  early  nineties.  He  has 
labored  on  and  improved  his  place  from  year 
to  year  until  he  has  now  a  productive  farm.  He 
gives  attention  to  raising  diversified  crops  and 
has  over  ten  acres  of  choice  orchard. 

Daniel  Petrie  was  born  in  Germany  in  Jan- 
uary, 1869,  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Margaret 
(Gleber)  Petrie,  lx)th  natives  of  Germany  and 
now  dwelling  in  Leroy,  New  York.  They  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1881  and  settled  where 
they  now  live.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Ger- 
many and  New  York  and  received  his  education 
from  the  public  schools.  He  remained  with  his 
father  and  rented  land  in  the  vicinity  of  his  na- 
tive place  until  1893  when  his  active  spirit  led 
him  to  the  west.  For  one  year  he  labored  in 
various  points  of  the  sound  country,  then  came 
to  Lake  Chelan.  He  was  soon  employed  here 
and  in  a  short  time  had  located  his  present  place 
which  he  took  by  the  squatter's  right  and  which 
has  been  the  home  place  since  that  time. 

Mr.  Petrie  has  two  brothers.  Frank  and 
Fred,  and  two  sisters,  Katie  Sterim  and  Alice. 

On  January  12.  1897.  occurred  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  Petrie  and  Miss  G.  Knowles.  the  wed- 
ding occurring  at  Waterville,  Washington.  Her 
parents  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume 
as  also  are  her  brothers  and  sisters.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Petrie  have  been  born  threee  children, 
Viola.  Guy,  and  Elmer.  Mr.  Petrie  is  a  staunch 
and  firm  Democrat  and  is  active  for  the  wel- 
fare of  the  community,  having  been  delegate  to 
the  county  convention  and  laboring  for  the  same 
in  other  occupations  as  well.  Mr.  Petrie  is  re- 
spected by  all  and  known  as  a  man  of  integrity 
and  honor. 


ALPHEUS  MESSERLY.  an  enterprising 
and  successful  fruit-grower  and  nurseryman, 
and  member  of  the  Wenatchee  Nursery  Com- 
pany, is  a  resident  of  Wenatchee.  Chelan 
county.  He  was  born  near  Ellensburg.  Kittitas 
county,  Washington,  November  2.  1877.  His 
father,  Elias,  a  sketch  of  whom  appears  else- 
where in  this  work,  is  a  native  of  Ohio;  his  par- 
ents of  Switzerland.  The  mother.  Elizabeth 
( Switzer)  Messerly,  was  also  torn  in  Switzer- 
land, married  in  Ohio,  and  now  resides  at 
Greenville,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven 
vears. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


805 


Alpheus,  our  subject,  passed  his  boyhood's 
days  at  Ellensburg,  and  until  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  attended  the  pubHc  schools  in  his  neigh- 
borhood, and  the  graded  schools  at  Wenatchee. 
For  nearly  ten  years  he  rode  the  range,  while 
engaged  in  the  stock  business  with  his  father. 
In  1899  he  purchased  ten  acres  of  land  from 
Jacob  Miller,  which  is  now  devoted  solely  to 
nursery  purposes.  The  members  of  the  Wen- 
atchee Nursery  Company  comprise  his  father, 
Edward  Dennis,  and  himself.  Their  business 
is  constantly  increasing,  and,  although  it  was 
exploited  on  a  small  scale  at  its  inception,  the 
company  now  has  two  hundred  thousand  trees, 
and  the  business  is  worth  two  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars.  Particular  attention  is  given  to 
quality  of  stock,  and  the  nursery  bids  fair  to 
become  one  of  the  most  noted  in  the  state  of 
\\'ashington.  Mr.  Messerly  is,  individually,  in- 
terested in  stock-raising,  and  usually  owns  sev- 
enty-five head  of  cattle  and  horses,  which  he 
breeds  and  sells. 

January  2.2.  1902,  our  subject  was  married 
to  Laura  Dennis,  born  in  Spokane  county.  The 
ceremony  \\'as  performed  at  Wenatchee.  Her 
father  is  a  native  of  New  York  state,  and  now 
resides  at  Ellensburg.  He  was  a  pioneer  of 
Kittitas  county.  Her  mother.  Matilda  ( Bart- 
lett )  Dennis,  resides  with  her  family  in  Kittitas 
county.  Mrs.  Messerly  has  three  brothers  and 
four  sisters,  Edward,  Jesse  and  Harry,  and 
Mary,  wife  of  Benjamin  Shelton,  Olive,  wife  of 
William  Joyce,  and  Jennie  and  Lena.  One 
child  has  "been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Messerly, 
Edward,  aged  eight  months.  Our  subject  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  T.  M..  and  the  Brother- 
hood of  America,  of  which  he  is  treasurer.  He 
is  a  Republican,  but  not  a  partisan  politician. 


ALOXZO  E.  DARBY  one  of  the  well 
known  prospectors  of  the  Lake  Chelan  country 
was  born  in  Plumas  county,  California,  on  De- 
cember 19,  1858.  His  parents  were  R.  R.  and 
Susan  E.  (Townsend)  Darby.  The  father 
was  born  in  Alabama  and  raised  in  Tennessee. 
The  mother  was  born  in  North  Carolina  and 
had  two  brothers  who  fought  in  the  southern 
army  during  the  Rebellion.  The  other  children 
of  the  family  besides  our  subject  were  Flora  L. 
Savage,  Letitia  Kendrick,  Rosa  E.,  and  two 
others  who  are  deceased. 


Alonzo  E.  was  educatetl  in  California  and 
early  turned  his  attention  to  mining,  following 
the  same  there  for  many  years.  He  is  now  tak- 
ing a  course  in  the  Scranton  School  of  Mines, 
Pennsylvania,  making  himself  proficient  in  the 
science  needed  in  his  work.  In  1900,  Mr.  Dar- 
by came  to  Chelan  county  and  soon  began  pros- 
pecting. For  some  time  he  helped  to  operate  a 
pack  train  from  the  head  of  the  lake  to  the  up- 
per mines.  He  finally  located  two  claims  ten 
miles  from  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan. 

In  1879,  at  Santa  Anna,  California,  Mr. 
Darby  married  Miss  M.  P.  Simms,  and  two 
children  were  born  to  them,  a  boy  and  a  girl, 
both  of  whom  are  deceased.  Politically  Mr. 
Darby  is  entirely  independent. 


GEORGE  F.  GRANT,  who  is  one  of  the 
prominent  business  men  and  agriculturists  of 
Chelan  county,  is  a  native  of  the  Empire  state, 
born  in  Delaware  county,  February  8.  1850.  His 
father,  George  W.  Grant,  was  a  native  of  the 
same  state,  his  ancestors  of  Scotland.  He  was 
a  farmer  and  millwright.  Ruth  (Fuller)  Grant, 
mother  of  our  subject,  was  a  member  of  the  old 
and  prominent  Fuller  family  of  New  York.  She 
passed  away  in  the  early  seventies. 

At  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  George  F. 
Grant  had  received  a  good  district  school  edu- 
cation, and  he  then  engaged  with  his  father  in 
the  lumbering  business,  subsequently  going  to 
Kansas,  where  he  found  employment  in  various 
avocations  for  two  years.  Following  a  short 
residence  in  Minnesota  he  removed  to  Mon- 
tana and  engaged  in  the  stock  business,  taking 
up  a  homestead  and  remaining  there  twenty 
years.  In  1897  he  came  to  his  present  home 
near  Mission  and  purchased  six  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  land,  of  which  he  su])sequently 
disposed  of  eighty  acres.  He  has  thirty  acres 
of  tillable  land,  the  remainder  being  suitable  for 
timber,  pasture,  and  so  forth.  He  raises  stock 
and,  in  company  with  his  son-in-law.  John  Hin- 
ton,  rents  and  conducts  a  saw  mill.  He  has 
two  brothers  and  four  sisters;  Charles  and 
William,  residents  of  the  state  of  New  York: 
Mary,  Addie,  Fanny,  and  Sarah,  also  living  in 
New  York. 

Mr.  Grant  found  his  bride' at  O.sakis.  Alinn- 
esota.  Miss  Imogene  Slawson,  with  whom  he 
was  united  in  marriage  May  17,   1873.     She 


8o6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


was  a  native  of  Delaware  county,  New  York.  A 
sketch  of  her  parents  will  be  found  in  the  article 
devoted  to  Frank  D.  Slawson,  her  brother,  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  She  died  July  i6, 
1898. 

Our  subject  has  five  children  :  ]\Iinnie,  wife 
of  John  Hinton,  Mission  creek;  Ruth,  wife  of 
Morlin  Stephens,  Mission  creek,  mentioned 
elsewhere ;  Ettie :  Nettie ;  and  George,  a  school- 
boy, living  with  his  father. 

Mr.  Grant  is  prominent  in  Masonic  and 
other  fraternal  circles.  He  is  a  member  of  Riv- 
erside Lodge,  No.  1 12,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Chapter 
22,  R.  A.  M.,  of  Wenatchee,  Damascus  Com- 
mandery.  No.  4,  K.  T.,  Glendive,  Montana,  and 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Mission.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and 
when  business  will  permit,  is  active  in  cam- 
paigns. For  six  years  he  was  commissioner  of 
Dawson  county,  Montana,  and  frequently 
served  as  delegate  to  state  and  county  conven- 
tions in  the  latter  state.  As  a  citizen,  Mr. 
Grant  is  enterprising,  public  spirited,  and 
highly  respected. 


ISAAC  M.  DERIFIELD,  of  the  firm  of 
Proctor  &  Derifield,  dealers  in  grain,  feed  and 
wood,  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  enterpris- 
ing business  men  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan 
county.  He  is  in  the  pioneeer  class  of  Wash- 
ington citizens,  having  come  to  the  state  nearly 
a  year  before  its  admission  to  the  union. 

A  native  of  Kentucky,  he  was  born  in  Law- 
rence county,  October  2,  1856,  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  A.  (Holbrook)  Derifield.  The 
ancestry  of  the  father,  who  was  a  Kentuckian, 
were  English.  The  latter  died  in  Minnesota 
in  1886.  The  mother,  also  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, was  descended  from  an  old  Virginia  fam- 
ily, who  were  prominent  southern  farmers. 
Alary  A.  Derifield  died  in  Minnesota  in  1901. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Ken- 
tucky, alternating  working  on  the  farm  and 
attending  district  school,  until  he  was  twenty- 
two  years  of  age.  In  1878,  in  company  with  a 
brother,  he  went  to  Minnesota,  where  they  pur- 
chased a  farm  which  our  subject  conducted 
three  years,  when  he  disposed  of  his  interest  in 
the  same  and  returned  to  Kentucky.  Soon 
after,  however,  he  was  back  in  ^Minnesota,  re- 
maining in  that  state  until  1888.  In  that  year 
he  came  to  Washington,  locating  in  the  Big 


Bend  country,  near  Waterville,  the  present  cap- 
ital of  Douglas  county.  He  remained  here  upon 
a  homestead  fourteen  years. 

Mr.  Derifield  came  to  Wenatchee  in  1902. 
Associating  himself  with  Julius  F.  Proctor,  he 
engaged  in  the  grain,  wood,  and  feed  business, 
which  they  at  present  successfully  conduct.  Mr. 
Derifield  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters  liv- 
ing: Deresciss  H.  and  Sylvester,  the  former  of 
Minnesota  and  the  latter  of  Kentucky,  both 
farmers ;  Mary,  widow  of  John  Stuart,  late  of 
Kentucky;  Luverna,  wife  of  William  Adkins,  a 
Kentucky  farmer;  and  Martha,  married  to 
George  Bryan,  a  Minnesota  farmer. 

On  December  16,  1877,  our  subject  was 
married  to  Emily  J.  Prince,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  (Hagerman)  Prince,  both 
natives  of  Kentucky.  They  were  both  de- 
scended from  old  Kentucky  families.  The 
father  served  in  the  federal  army,  and  died  from 
a  fever  contracted  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
in  1863.  The  mother-  is  still  living  in  Kentucky. 
She  has  two  brothers.  Carter,  of  West  Virgina, 
and  John,  a  Kentucky  farmer.  She  has,  also, 
two  sisters,  Louisa,  wife  of  David  Morris,  of 
Kentucky,  and  Jilartha,  married  to  David 
Compton,  of  West  Virginia.  Both  are  agri- 
culturists. 

Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Derifield  have  five  children 
living,  Thomas,  Lurana.  Ruth,  Arnold,  and 
Leon,  all  at  home.  They  have  lost  five,  Polly 
A.,  Tennessee,  Alafar,  Jesse,  and  an  unnamed 
infant. 

Mr.  Derifield  is  active  in  Masonic  circles, 
being  a  member,  of  Riverside  Lodge.  No.  112, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Wenatchee.  the  Shriners  and 
Harmony  Chapter,  Waterville.  He  is,  politi- 
cally, an  Independent. 


EMIL  FRANK  is  standing  at  the  head  of 
two  very  important  industries  in  Chelan 
county,  and  has  achieved  success  in  both  of 
thcni.  About  one  and  one-half  miles  east  from 
Lea\enworth,  he  owns  a  very  fine  stock  farm  of 
four  hundred  and  eighty  acres.  It  is  improved 
by  fencing,  irrigating  ditches,  orchard,  a  very 
kn-ge  bam,  and  beautiful  residence.  Mr.  Frank 
gi^■es  his  personal  attention  to  this  ranch,  while 
also,  he  is  handling  a  butcher  shop  in  Leaven- 
worth. He  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  this 
part  of  the  countv  and  is  a  man  of  prosperity 
and  good  ability. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


807 


Emil  Frank  was  born  in  Germany,  on  De- 
cember 10,  1861,  the  son  of  Albert  and  oMary 
(Whoorle)  Frank,  both  natives  of  Germany. 
He  was  educated  in  his  native  coimtry  and  re- 
mained there  until  1881,  when  he  emigrated  to 
the  United  States.  He  traveled  to  various  por- 
tions of  this  country  and  worked  at  his  trade, 
l^utchering.  and  finally  came  to  Seattle  in  1885. 
The  next  year  he  came  on  to  ^fission  where 
he  took  a  homestead  and  gave  his  attention  to  , 
cultivating  it  until  1891.  In  that  year  he  sold 
this  property  and  bought  his  present  place  on 
the  Chumstick.  Since  that  time  he  has  de- 
voted his  time  to  the  improvement  of  the  farm 
and  to  conducting  his  business  in  Leavenworth. 
Mr.  Frank  has  one  brother,  Hugo,  and  two  sis- 
ters. Bertha  and  Mary,  who  are  members  of  the 
Saint  Francis  Society. 

In  August,  1892,  at  Seattle,  Mr.  Frank  mar- 
ried Miss  Clara  Gloym,  a  native  of  Germany. 
To  them,  four  children  have  been  born,  Al- 
fred, William,  Amelia,  and  Margaret. 

In  fraternal  afifiliation,  Mr.  Frank  is  asso- 
ciated with  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  K.  P.,  and  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.  In  political  matters,  he  is  en- 
tirely independent  and  does  not  take  a  very  ac- 
tive part.  He  is  a  very  progressive  man  and 
has  labored  hard  for  the  upbuilding  of  this 
country,  since  coming  here.  He  is  recognized 
by  all  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness. 


JACOB  H.  MILLER  is  not  only  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  ^Venatchee.  Chelan  county,  but  the 
earliest  settler  to  advance  the  building  enter- 
prises of  the  valley.  As  a  builder  and  con- 
tractor he  has,  probably,  erected  more  edifices 
in  this  vicinity  than  any  other  man. 

Mahanoy  City,  Pennsylvania,  is  his  birth- 
place, the  date  of  the  event  being  September  27, 
1866.  His  father.,  Joseph  P.  Miller,  is  a  native 
of  Germany,  his  mother.  Elizabeth  (Deach) 
Miller,  is  a'Pennsylvanian.  In  early  years  the 
father  was  a  coal  miner,  but  for  thirty  years  he 
was  in  the  hotel  business.  He  now  resides  in 
Wenatchee.  The  parents  of  the  wife  and 
mother  of  our  subject  were  Germans.  At  pres- 
ent she  is  living  with  her  son. 

Jacob  H.  Miller  was  reared  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  graduated  from  the  Mahanoy 
City  high  school  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years. 
Four  years  thereafter  he  worked  at  the  bottling 


business,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter. 
In  March,  1886,  he  came  to  Wenatchee,  where 
he  joined  his  uncles,  Philip  and  John,  the  latter 
since  deceased.  With  his  iDrothe'r  he  pur- 
chased one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land, 
fenced  and  broke  the  same,  sowed  alfalfa,  and 
placed  five  acres  in  an  orchard.  Leaving  the 
property  in  charge  of  his  brother,  Mr.  Miller 
went  to  Ellensburg  and  worked  at  the  carpen- 
ter's trade  for  one  year.  Thence  he  went  to 
Bellingham  Bay,  in  the  bottling  business,  and 
later  returned  to  Wenatchee.  Here,  on  No- 
vember 26,  1 89 1,  he  was  married  to  Elnora  B. 
Brown,  sister  of  Noah  N.  and  George  Brown, 
mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  She  died 
at  Wenatchee.  December  31,  1901,  leaving  two 
children,  Stillman  H.  and  George  F.,  school 
boys,  living  at  home. 

Mr.  Miller  has  four  brothers  and  five  sisters, 
Joseph,  Edward.  Peter,  Frank,  deceased.  El- 
vina,  Elizabeth,  Catherine,  May  and  Annie,  the 
last  two  deceased.  Catherine  resides  with  our 
subject.  The  fraternal  affiliations  of  Mr. 
Miller  are  quite  extensive.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  R. 
A.  M.,  the  O.  E.  S.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
the  Degree  of  Honor,  and  the  Commercial  and 
Diamond  "C"  Clubs.  He  has  been  Master 
Workman  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Wenatchee  city  council  two 
years,  and  was  recently  re-elected.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Springhill  Irrigation  Company. 
Fle  owns  the  residence  where  he  lives,  on  Wen- 
atchee avenue,  one  block  from  the  business  sec- 
tion, and  forty  acres  of  excellent  farming  land. 
Mr.  Miller  is  a  broad-minded,  progressive,  pub- 
lic-spirited citizen,  and  one  who  has  won  a  host 
of  friends  in  the  community. 

Mr.  Miller  is  joint  owner,  and  manager  of 
the  Wenatchee  Warehouse  Company.  They 
have  a  commodious  brick  warehouse,  fifty  by 
one  hundred  feet  and  do  a  large  cold  and  warm 
storage  business.  The  W^enatchee  Bottling 
Works  are  also  in  their  building. 


CH.\RLES  E.  GRAY,  of  the  lumbering 
firm  of  Gray  &  Son,  Entiat,  Chelan  county, 
was  born  at  Kingston,  Kings  county.  New 
Brunswick.  He  is  the  son  of  George  H.  and 
Cassella  (Baker)  Gray,  sketches  of  whom  will 
be  found  in  another  portion  of  this  book. 


8o8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Charles  E.,  our  subject,  has  remained  in  the 
family  of  his  parents  since  birth.  At  present 
he  is  an  active  partner  with  his  father  in  the 
sawmill  business,  which  is  successfully  conduc- 
ted. He  owns  forty  acres  of  land  adjoining 
the  mill  property,  and  this  land  he  is  laying  out 
in  attractive  terraces,  intending  to  erect  a  hand- 
some frame  house  the  coming  fall  for  his  future 
home. 

At  All  Saints  Cathedral,  Spokane,  Febru- 
ary 25.  1903,  the  ceremony  was  performed 
which  united  him  in  marriage  to  Miss  Viola 
Cluster,  born  in  Eugene,  Oregon,  July  28, 
1870.  She  is  the  daughter  of  William  F.  and 
Mary  (Courtney)  Cluster,  the  father  a  native 
of  Indiana;  the  mother  of  Marysville,  Ohio. 
In  1862  her  father  crossed  the  plains  and  set- 
tled in  Grande  Ronde  valley.  Later  he  re- 
turned east,  and  in  1868  came  to  the  Willa- 
mette valley.  His  father  came  from  Germany 
when  quite  young,  and  for  the  past  twenty 
years  has  resided  at  Pomeroy.  Her  mother  is 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  her  parents  having 
been  born  in  the  United  States.  Mrs.  Gray 
has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Eugene,  of  Pom- 
eroy, a  wheat  buyer  at  that  point;  and  Flor- 
ence, wife  of  Edward  M.  Pomeroy,  an  employe 
of  the  Walla  Walla  Penitentiary,  formerly 
county  auditor  of  Garfield  county,  and  prom- 
inent in  political  circles  in  Pomeroy.  His  wife 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Pomeroy  high  school,  in 
which  she  has  taught,  and.  also,  one  term  at 
Chelan  and  one  at  Entiat. 

Our  subject  is  a  broad-minded,  progressive 
young  man.  active  and  influential  in  politics, 
and  endowed  with  excellent  business  abilities 
and  social  qualities. 


JOHN  F.  MILLER  was  born  in  INIar- 
quette  county.  Wisconsin.  April  ig,  1858.  the 
son  of  Francis  and  Elizabeth  Miller.  The 
father  was  born  in  Boston,  ;\Iassachusetts,  fol- 
lowed the  jewelry  business,  and  died  in  Wis- 
consin. The  mother  w-as  born  at  Arlington 
Heights  and  is  now  living  in  Wisconsin.  The 
ancestors  were  natives  of  New  England  for 
generations  back.  Mr.  Miller  has  four  broth- 
ers; Fred.  Jesse,  Charles  and  William.  Mr. 
Miller's  father  enli.sted  in  the  Civil  war  and 
fought  throughout  the  entire  struggle,  without 
receiving  a  wound.     In  the  Badger  state,  our 


subject  was  educated  in  the  public  school  and 
when  thirteen  left  the  school  desk  for  the  work 
on  the  farm,  going  thus  early  in  the  responsible 
duties  to  assist  his  father,  who  was  sick,  in  the 
support  of  the  family.  For  two  years  he  la- 
bored thus  and  then  went  to  Iowa,  whence  after 
one  year  he  returned  to  Wisconsin.  After  some 
time  spent  in  Wisconsin,  we  find  Mr.  Miller  in 
Alinnesota,  where  he  took  government  land  and 
farmed  for  about  a  decade.  Following  that  he 
made  his  way  to  Washington  and  located  on  his 
present  place  about  six  miles  up  the  Entiat.  He 
has  a  fine  young  orchard  and  some  very  fertile 
hay  land  and  is  improving  his  place  in  a  verv 
creditable  manner. 

In  Marquette  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1S82, 
Mr.  Miller  married  Miss  Anna  J.  Johnson,  a 
native  of  Wisconsin.  Her  father  was  born  in 
England  and  her  mother  is  a  native  of  New 
York.  To  .  this  marriage  five  children  have 
been  born,  Cora  E.,  Francis  R.,  Grace  W., 
Georgia  M.  and  William  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Miller  are  devout  members  of  the  Congrega- 
tional church  and  sustain  a  most  excellent  rep- 
utation in  the  community. 

In  political  matters,  our  subject  has  always 
been  allied  with  the  Republican  party  and  is'  a 
man  of  sound  judgment  and  substantial  qual- 
ities. 

♦-•-♦ 

HOX.  ^lERRITT  E.  FIELD  is  owner  and 
operator  of  the  well-known  Hotel  Field,  which 
is  located  at  the  head  of  the  Chelan  lake  and  is 
one  of  the  most  popular  summer  resorts  in  the 
northwest.  Lake  Chelan  is  known  to  tourists, 
far  and  near,  and  Mr.  Field's  house  is  as  popu- 
lar with  the  travelling  and  touring  public  as  is 
beautiful  Chelan.  He  acquired  possessory 
rights  to  property  at  the  head  of  Chelan  in  1892 
and  soon  opened  a  hotel  there.  Later  he  erected 
a  large  and  l^eautiful  structure  with  accommo- 
dations for  nearly  one  hundred  guests.  The 
place  is  set  amid  the  towering  mountains  of  the 
Cascades,  being  in  the  heart  of  the  range,  yet  is 
easily  accessible,  as  it  is  close  to  the  steamboat 
landing.  It  has  been  tastefully  surrounded  with 
everything  beautiful  and  attractive,  not  forget- 
ting comfort,  and  it  is  becoming  immensely 
popular.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Field  pro- 
vides boats  and  everything  needed  by  the  tour- 
ist to  thoroughly  enjoy  himself.  A  large 
quota  of  fine  horses  are  at  hand  for  packing 


MERRITT    E.    FIELD. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


purposes  and  for  the  accommodation  of  guests 
in  making  excursions  into  the  mountains. 
Abundance  of  game  is  supplied  the  table  and 
the  wealth  of  fruits  raised  in  this  region  are  at 
hand,  while  the  cuisine  is  of  the  best  to  be 
found.  Thus  the  tourist  is  favored  with  the 
beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  magniiicent  moun- 
tains, can  satiate  himself  with  the  life  giving 
ozone  and  yet  enjoy  the  richest  fruits,  finest  veg- 
etables, and  choicest  game  and  fish.  The  rare 
placidity  of  Chelan's  azure  depths  viewed  from 
the  drifting  boat,  where  speed  the  quivering 
trout  or  listlessly  rolls  the  mullet:  the  towering 
forests,  stately  and  grand,  whose  highways  are 
the  deep  solitudes  and  quiet  glens;  the  awing 
canyons,  tortuous  and  mysterious,  gviarded  by 
the  eternal  watch  towers  of  nature;  the  grand 
old  piles,  strewed  by  the  reckless  hand  of  up- 
heaval's giant,  with  proud  heads  staying  the 
onward  liight  of  the  clouds ;  the  tinkling  brook, 
whose  music  chimes  the  cords  of  nature's 
sweetest  lays ;  the  restless  rushing  of  the  im- 
petuous Stehekin  with  its  mighty  roar;  the  im- 
pending cliffs,  who  laugh  with  disdain  at  other 
invader  than  tlie  eagle,  the  solemn  glaciers, 
with  tread  of  stealthy  approach ;  the  great 
rocks,  the  shimmering  lake,  the  broad  expanse, 
the  mighty  falls,  the  fauna,  the  flora,  all  com- 
bine to  furnish  rich,  full  and  fresh  entertain- 
ment and  joy  for  every  mood  of  the  happy  tour- 
ist who  is  so  fortunate  as  to  cast  his  lines  in 
this  pleasant  and  inspiring  region.  The  boom- 
ing of  the  mining  blasts,  as  they  echo  and  then 
re-echo  softly  down  to  the  hammock  proclaim 
how  the  sturdy  prospector  is  already  rending 
the  ribs  of  the  rich  Cascades.  Mr.  Field  has 
not  been  the  last  to  make  worthy  endeavor  in 
this  line  and  in  addition  to  handling  his  sum- 
mer resort,  he  does  mining  and  prospecting. 

Merritt  E.  Field  was  born  in  Washington 
county^.  Iowa,  on  Tune  15,  1862,  the  son  of 
Nathan  G.  and  Esther  S.  (Call)  Field,  natives 
of  Massachusetts,  and  now  deceased.  The 
father  was  a  physician.  Three  other  children 
were  born  in  the  family,  Wayne,  Isabel  Samp- 
son, and  Anna  Grays.  After  receiving  his  edu- 
cation in  Iowa,  our  subject  went  to  Colorado 
and  raised  stock  until  i88q,  when  he  began  trav- 
eling, and  in  1892  landed  in  Chelan.  He  soon 
acquired  property  at  the  head  of  the  lake  and 
erected  the  hotel  mentioned,  which  he  has  oper- 
ated with  great  success  since. 

In   1893,  Mr.  Field  married  Miss  Martha 


Ohlhansen,  and  one  child,  Olive,  has  been  born 
to  them.  Mr.  Field  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.  and  in  political  matters  is  a  Republican. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  from 
Chelan  county  last  year  and  in  1899,  was  the 
representative  of  Okanogan  county.  He  intro- 
duced the  bill  which  gave  Chelan  county  an 
existence  and  fought  it  through.  He  is  now 
postmaster  at  Stehekin  and  also  is  director  in 
his  district.  Mr.  Field  stands  well  and  is  a 
man  with  manv  friends. 


ADELBERT  L.  COOL  is  today  one  of 
Chelan  county's  representative  mining  men, 
and  his  labors  in  this  region  for  some  years  past 
have  demonstrated  that  he  is  one  of  the  men 
whose  judgment  and  skill  have  led  him  to  this 
section  for  investment  and  whose  untiring  en- 
ergy, coupled  with  rare  executive  ability,  has 
placed  him  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  most  prom- 
ising enterprises  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Chelan. 
He  personally  located  the  Copper  Queen  some 
eight  years  since  and  now  has  added  nine  other 
claims  and  has  for  all  this  time  been  pressing 
development  work  extensively.  The  properties 
now  show  up  most  excellently  and  it  is  certain- 
ly expected  that  in  a  short  time  they  will  be 
added  to  the  list  of  profitable  shippers. 

Adelbert  L.  Cool  was  born  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  on  April  15,  1858,  the  son  of  L.  D.  and 
Lucy  B.  (Cook)  Cool,  natives  of  New  York. 
The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was 
associated  with  the  noted  Daniel  Boone  in  his 
second  trip  to  Kentucky.  The  mother's  grand- 
father was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the 
Mohawk  valley  in  New  York  and  served  in  the 
Revolution  during  the  dark  days  when  the  pa- 
triots were  fighting  for  the  foundation  stones  of 
a  grand  nation.  Being  filled  with  the  blood  of 
the  patriotic  ancestors,  our  subject,  in  every 
way,  is  most  strictly  an  American.  He  is  an 
only  child  and  has  never  yet  seen  fit  to  join  his 
bark  to  the  great  fleet  which  sails  the  matri- 
monial seas,  being  content  with  the  quietness  of 
the  celibatarian.  The  education  of  Mr.  Cool 
was  liberal,  having  completed  a  course  in  the 
university  at  Syracuse,  New  York.  In  1877, 
just  after  leaving  this  institution.  Mr.  Cool 
went  to  Chicago  and  there  was  bookkeeper  for 
a  large  firm  in  the  stock  yards,  after  which  he 
went  to  Denver  and  became  chief  clerk  in  the 


8io 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


local  freight  office  of  the  Union  Pacific  for  two 
years.  For  a  short  time  after  this  he  was  in 
California  and  then  came  to  Seattle  where  he 
was  paymaster  for  the  Oregon  Improvement 
Company,  now  the  Pacific  Coast  Improvement 
Company.  From  that  position  he  went  to  Spo- 
kane, accepting  the  position  of  agent  for  the 
Great  Northern.  Later  he  filled  the  same  po- 
sition in  Everett.  After  that,  Mr.  Cool  came  to 
the  Lake  Chelan  region  and  soon  located  the 
Copper  Queen,  mentioned  above.  Since  that 
time,  he  has  given  his  undivided  attention  to 
mining  with  the  success  which  promises  one  of 
the  large  shippers  soon  in  this  part  of  the  state. 
JMr.  Cool  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P..  and  the  A. 
O.  U.  \V.,  while  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 


WALTER  D.  RICHARDS,  president  and 
manager  of  the  Richards  Lumber  Company, 
was  born  in  j\Iinnesota,  August  22,  1869.  His 
father,  Richard  \V.  Richards,  a  native  of  Utica, 
New  York,  was  a  Minnesota  pioneer,  going  to 
that  state  in  1866.  Throughout  his  life  he  was 
prominent  in  educational  work,  holding  the 
office  of  state  superintendent  of  schools  two 
terms.  Previous  to  leaving  New  York  he  was 
principal  of  Fairfield  Seminary,  and  while  in 
Wisconsin,  was  in  the  adjutant  general's  office. 
During  the  latter  part  of  the  Civil  war  he  en- 
listed, but  was  taken  ill  before  he  was  mus- 
tered into  the  service.  Until  recently  he  w^as 
auditor  of  Faribault  county,  ^Minnesota,  and 
previously  was,  for  twehe  years,  county  su- 
perintendent of  schools.  By  profession  he  is 
an  attorney,  and  was  a  student  in  the  office  of 
Roscoe  Conklin,  New  York.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  W'ales.  His  wife,  Winnefred  (Mor- 
ris) Richards,  was  a  native  of  the  Empire 
state,  her  parents  having  been  of  an  old  Geor- 
gia family. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  nur  suliject  was 
graduated  from  high  school,  in  Minnesota,  and 
subsequently  from  the  Curtis  Business  College, 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  the  Drew  College  of 
Pharmacy.  In  1885  he  went  to  Fort  Asina- 
boine,  Montana,  and  assumed  charge  of  the 
drug  department  of  the  Broadwater-McCulloh 
Company,  post  sutlers,  having  successfully 
passed  an  examination  for  a  hospital  steward- 
ship in  the  regular  army,  in  order  to  hold  his 
position.     He  remained  there  six  years,  return- 


ing to  Minnesota,  and  engaging  in  the  drug 
business  at  ^Vinnebago  City,  In  March,  1902, 
he  came  to  Chelan  county,  where  he  organized 
the  company  of  which  he  is  the  principal  stock- 
holder. 

July  12,  1894,  at  Blue  Earth  City,  Minne- 
sota, our  subject  was  married  to  Miss  Nellie 
B.  Baker,  a  native  of  Minnesota,  the  daughter 
of  Joshua  F.  and  Mary  (Bowen)  Baker.  Her 
father,  a  Canadian,  died  at  Chelan,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1902.  For  many  years  he  had  been  a 
prominent  business  man  in  Minnesota,  coming 
to  the  lake  country  in  search  of  health.  The 
mother,  a  native  of  Canada,  still  lives  at  Che- 
lan. Mrs.  Richards  has  four  sisters,  Hattie, 
wife  of  John  A.  Van  Slyke;  Belle,  single,  as- 
sistant cashier  in  the  Miners  &  Merchants' 
Bank,  Chelan  ;  Myrtle  and  Frances. 

The  fraternal  affiliations  of  Mr.  Richards 
are  with  Blue  Earth  A'alley  Lodge,  No.  i"/.  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.,  Winnebago  City,  Minnesota;  R. 

A.  M.,  of  the  same  place,  and  Mankato  Lodge 

B.  P.  O.  E.,  Mankato,  Minnesota.  He  is  a 
Republican  and  has  been  active,  more  or  less, 
previous  to  his  arrival  in  this  county. 


JOHN  WALSH,  of  Chelan,  Chelan  coun- 
ty, first  came  into  the  lake  country  as  early  as 
1886,  in  company  with  Judge  Navarre,  David 
Correll  and  Archibald  Libby.  He  was  born  in 
Livingston  county.  New  York,  April  23,  1855, 
the  son  of  Michael  and  Catherine  (Barrett) 
Walsh,  natives  of  Ireland.  When  nineteen 
years  of  age  Michael  Walsh  came  to  this  coun- 
try and  located  in  Geneseo,  New  York,  as  a 
farmer,  where  he  still  resides.  He  served  in  the 
federal  forces  during  the  Civil  war,  and  was 
wounded  on  the  famous  "March  to  the  Sea," 
while  with  General  Sherman.  The  mother, 
Catherine,  came  to  the  United  States  accom- 
panied by  two  sisters  two  years  after  the  ar- 
rival of  her  future  husband.  They  were  mar- 
ried at  Geneseo.     She  died  in  the  fall  of  1889. 

Until  1880  our  subject  remained  on  the 
farm  in  New  York,  and  that  year  he  went  to 
Michigan,  worked  in  the  woods,  and  the  follow- 
ing spring  went  to  Denver,  Colorado,  where  he 
hauled  brick  for  "Brick"  Pomeroy's  new  house 
and  barn.  In  1883  he  came  to  Washington,  at 
first  to  Yakima,  and  located  a  timber  claim 
which  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  on  account 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


8ii 


of  a  scarcity  of  water.  On  coming  to  the  lake 
country  he  first  located  on  the  Douglas  county 
side  of  the  river,  nearly  opposite  Chelan  Land- 
ing, and  here  he  l^egan  raising  stock,  continu- 
ing the  business  profitably  for  six  years.  He 
then  came  to  Chelan  and,  in  1892,  engaged  in 
the  saloon  business,  selling  out  the  same  later. 
]\Ir.  Walsh  owns  a  half  section  of  land,  devoted 
to  wheat,  five  miles  from  Waterville,  which 
he  rents.  He  and  wife  own  timber  claims  four 
miles  south  of  the  lake,  aside  from  a  fine  home 
in  Chelan.  He  has  four  brothers,  Frank,  a 
Douglas  county  farmer;  Richard,  of  Chicago; 
Timothy,  of  Buffalo.  New  York ;  and  Thomas 
of  North  Bloomfield,  New  York.  His  three 
three  sisters  are  Nancy,  wife  of  Michael  i\Ic- 
Carty;  Margaret  and  Mary,  single,  residing 
in  the  old  home. 

Our  subject  was  married,  August  22,  1889, 
at  North  Yakima,  to  Bridget  Jordan,  a  na- 
tive of  Ireland.  Her  father,  James,  is  dead. 
The  mother,  Mary  (Huvan)  Jordan,  came  to 
the  United  States  bringing  six  children,  and 
remained  in  New  York  city  ten  years.  She 
now  lives  with  a  son,  Patrick,  at  North  Ya- 
kima. Mrs.  Walsh  has  three  brothers,  Patrick, 
Augustine  and  James;  and  one  sister.  Mary, 
residing  at  Spokane,  Washington.  Mr.  Walsh 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  active 
and  stanch,  and  has  frequently  served  as  dele- 
gate to  county  conventions.  They  have  six 
children,  John  R.,  Mary  C,  Ruth  A.,  Matthew 
F.,  Helen  E.  and  Joseph  C.  G. 


HON.  J.  ROBERT  ^lOORE  is  well 
known  to  all  dwellers  adjacent  to  Lake  Chelan, 
and  his  place,  known  as  ^loore's  Landing  on 
the  upper  lake,  is  one  of  the  choice  spots  of  na- 
ture's art  works.  He  who  is  al)le  to  fully  de- 
scrilDe  the  beauties  of  Chelan  may  not  fear  to 
write  of  any  spot  on  the  globe.  Mr.  Moore's 
estate  is  one  of  the  choice  places  in  this  magnifi- 
cent panorama  of  beauty  and  grandeur.  It  is 
at  the  mouth  of  a  large  canyon  that  opens  into 
the  lake  from  the  east,  and  the  background  is 
the  spur  of  the  Cascades  that  encloses  the  lake 
on  the  east.  The  view  from  his  residence,  look- 
ing west,  begins  with  the  placid  lake  which  re- 
flects the  towering  peaks  of  the  Cascade  range, 
that  pile  in  grand  confusion  from  the  water's 


edge  to  the  eternal  snows  above,  while  to  the 
right  and  the  left  stretches  the  gleaming  of  the 
lake  in  its  tortuous  windings  in  the  very  heart 
of  the  mountains.  Beautiful  landscapes, 
glimpses  of  rugged  rocks,  glistening  waterfalls, 
and  every  variety  of  beauty  are  to  be  met  with 
in  all  directions.  Surely  Mr.  Moore  has  an 
ideal  home  place.  Surrounding  his  residence  is 
a  plat  of  level  ground,  which  supplies  the  neces- 
sary garden  land  and  building  places  for  stock 
which  finds  abundant  range  in  the  foot  hills  to 
the  east  of  the  eastern  spur. 

Mr.  Moore  keeps  a  hotel  for  summer  trav- 
elers and  seekers  of  health  who  come  in  large 
numbers  to  recuperate  and  enjoy  the  pleasant 
surroundings  during  the  warmer  months. 

J.  Robert  Moore  was  born  in  Trenton  Falls, 
New  York,  on  March  6,  1841,  the  son  of  Mich- 
ael and  Maria  (Sherman)  Moore.  The  father 
was  born  in  New  York  city  and  came  from 
English  ancestry.  His  father  was  engaged  in 
the  insurance  business,  and  kept  a  hotel.  He 
died  in  1888,  aged  eighty-five.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  also  born  in  New 
York,  and  was  a  first  cousin  to  Gen- 
eral Sherman.  One  of  the  Sherman  family 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  j. 
Robert  was  finishing  his  junior  year  in 
the  classical  college  when  the  call  came  for 
men  to  fight  for  the  union,  and  he  promptly 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Forty-fourth  New  York 
Infantry,  the  same  being  known  through  the 
war  as  the  Ellsworth  Zuaves.  After  fourteen 
months  of  service  he  was  discharged  on  account 
of  physical  disability.  For  ten  years  after  that 
he  was  engaged  in  telegraphy,  and  then  for 
thirty  years  followed  photography.  He  held 
various  offices  in  the  county,  and  in  1876  was 
elected  to  represent  his  county,  Oneida,  in  the 
state  legislature  of  New  York.  He  also  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice,  but  did  not 
follow  the  profession  as  it  was  not  according  to 
his  taste.  In  September,  1890,  Mr.  Moore  came 
to  Great  Falls.  Montana,  intending  to  practice 
law,  but  finding  the  climate  too  rigorous,  he 
came  on  to  Chelan,  and  located  his  present  place 
which  he  has  developed  to  one  of  the  choice 
summer  resorts  of  the  state.  He  is  now  post- 
master, the  office  having  been  located  at  his 
place  recenly.  Mr.  Moore  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Charles  E..  Roger  S., 
Samuel  G.,  Maria  Arthur.  Abbie  P.  George. 

On  June  i,  1876,  Mr.  Moore  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mary  C,  daughter  of  Abram  and  Mary  Wake- 
mann.  and  a  native  of  New  York  city.  Her 
father  was  postmaster  of  New  York  city  when 
Lincohi  was  president,  and  his  dwelling  was 
burned  during  tlie  draft  riots,  causing  the  fam- 
ily to  flee  for  their  lives.  He  was  a  prominent 
attorney  and  a  member  of  congress.  Mrs. 
Moore  has  one  brother,  Abram.  To  ]\Ir.  and 
Mrs.  ]\Ioore  two  children  have  l)een  born, 
Archie  H.  and  ]\Iarv  T.  ]\Ir.  iNIoore  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &'a.  M..  the  R.  A.  M.,  and 
the  K.  T.,  all  in  New  York.  He  also  belongs 
to  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  strong  Republican. 


CHARLES  E.  HEDDIXG,  who  lives 
twenty  miles  up  the  valley  from  Entiat  is  one 
of  the  substantial  and  capable  farmers  of  this 
section.  He  was  born  in  Piatt  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  September  26,  1874,  the  son  of  George 
and  Emma  (Howell)  Hedding,  natives  of  Illi- 
nois and  Indiana,  respectively.  The  father  died 
in  Illinois  in  1876,  but  the  mother  still  lives  in 
Kansas.  The  paternal  ancestors  were  natives 
of  Holland  and  first  came  to  America  in  1864. 
Our  subject  resided  in  Illinois  until  1892,  then 
went  to  Indiana  and  took  up  carriage  making. 
After  one  year  at  this  work,  he  returned  to  Illi- 
nois and  two  months  later  went  to  Kansas.  He 
spent  one  year  in  that  state  and  in  1894  came 
to  Spokane,  where  he  remained  a  few  days. 
Then  he  journeyed  to  \\'aterville  and  three 
weeks  later  went  to  \\'enatchee.  He  did  vari- 
ous kinds  of  work  there.  He  and  Mr.  Marshall 
put  the  brass  ball  on  the  top  of  the  school  house 
cupola,  in  that  town.  It  was  a  very  great  un- 
dertaking. Later  Mr.  Hedding  went  to  Water- 
ville.  then  came  to  Entiat  where  he  was  cook 
in  a  logging  camp  for  one  winter.  Following 
that  he  took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead 
and  since  then  has  devoted  himself  to  general 
farming  and  raising  stock.  At  Pater.os,  Wash- 
ington, on  February  3,  1902,  I\Ir.  Hedding 
married  Miss  Jerusha  White,  a  native  of 
Yakima.  Her  father  died  when  she  was  an  in- 
fant and  her  mother  is  living  at  Pateros.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hedding  are  member^;  of  the  Metho- 
dist church  and  are  highly  respected  people. 
Politically  Mr.  Hedding  is  affiliaterl  with  the 
Republican  party. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hedding  has  been  born 
one  child.  Mary  Esther,  born  ^Iarch  7.  1903. 


WILLIAM  GIBSON  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent agriculturists  and  orchardists  of  the  Lake 
Chelan  region.  He  dwells  about  sixteen  miles 
up  the  lake  from  Lakeside,  where  he  has  one- 
quarter  section  well  improved.  Ten  acres  of 
this  land  are  planted  to  various  kinds  of  fruit, 
such  as  figs,  California  raisins,  apples,  plums. 
English  walnuts  and  so  forth.  The  soil  is  very 
productive  and  Mr.  Gibson  has  been  able  to 
show  some  especially  fine  fruit.  The  ranch  is 
adorned  with  a  large  eight  room  house,  fine 
barn  and  other  buildings  and  the  improvements 
make  it  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  this  section. 
In  addition  to  this.  Mr.  Gibson  has  a  magnifi- 
cent gasoline  launch  costing  about  five  hundred 
dollars. 

William  Gibson  was  born  in  Quincy.  Illi- 
nois, on  February  14,  1854,  the  son  of  Thomas 
and  Sarah  (Wheldal)  Gibson,  natives  of  Eng- 
land. He  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  Henry,  Thomas  R.,  Arthur,  deceased: 
Frank  W..  George  E.,  Jennie,  Louis,  Sadie. 
Mr  Gibson  came  to  Lake  Chelan  in  1890.  mak- 
ing one  hundred  miles  of  the  journey  on  foot 
through  the  deep  snow.  He  was  almost  en- 
tirely without  capital  when  he  landed  here  and 
his  magnificent  holdings  at  the  present  time 
are  the  result  of  his  skill  and  labor. 

Fraternallv.  he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  the  i.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Rebekahs. 

In  political  matters.  Mr.  Gibson  is  a  Re- 
publican and  active  in  the  campaigns. 


JOHN  A.  GELLATLY  has  always  been  a 
moving  and  leading  spirit  in  the  advancement 
and  improvement  of  his  county  and  its  county 
seat.  He  was  a  hard  laborer  in  the  formation 
of  the  Commercial  Club  and  was  its  first  presi- 
dent. In  1 90 1  he  started  the  first  set  of  ab- 
stract books  in  the  county  and  in  various  other 
ways  he  has  been  a  leader  and  is  of  excellent 
standing  among  the  people.  John  A.  Gellatly 
was  Ixirn  in  Grass  Valley,  California,  on  July 
6.  1869.  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Isabella  ( Lyle) 
Gellatly.  natives  of  Scotland.  The  father  set- 
tled in  California  in  1861  and  came  to  the  Will- 
amette valley  in  less  than  a  decade,  having 
spent  the  intervening  time  in  mining.  He  set- 
tled near  Philomath.  Benton  county  and  there 
died  in  1898.  The  mother  is  still  living  on  the 
old  homestead  there.     Our  subject  was  reared 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


813 


on  that  farm  and  after  good  training  in  the  com- 
mon school,  took  a  course  in  the  Agricultural 
College,  which  was  interrupted  by  his  father's 
illness,  on  account  of  which  he  returned  to  the 
farm.  For  two  terms,  our  subject  served  as 
recorder  in  Benton  county,  being  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket.  In  1901,  he  came  to  Wen- 
atchee  and  here  has  continued  since.  He  was 
deputy  auditor  for  a  year,  has  handled  the 
clerk's  office  for  a  year  and  has  served  as  coun- 
cilman for  all  the  time  he  has  resided  here.  Mr. 
Gellatly  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  William  A..  Robert  H..  David,  Alary, 
Jennie  Palmer,  Delia  Denton  and  Nettie 
Thayer. 

On  July  17,  1 89 1,  at  Philomath,  Oregon, 
Mr.  Gellatly  married  Miss  Laura  J.,  daughter 
of  George  and  Hannah  (Rahn)  McDonald, 
natives  of  Canada,  and  now  dwelling  at  North 
Yakima.  Mr.  Gellatly  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  of  the  W.  W.,  while  he  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Rebekahs.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  this  worthy  couple :  Florence,  aged 
ten ;  Lester,  aged  seven ;  Bernice,  aged  two. 


WILLIAM  T.  RAREY.  The  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  article,  one  of  the 
prominent  residents  of  Wenatchee,  Chelan 
county,  is  a  nephew  of  the  eminent  horse  tamer, 
whose  reputation  was  world-wide  thirty  years 
ago,  J.  S.  Rarey.  At  present  he  is  manager 
of  the  W.  T.  Rarey  &  Company's  mercantile 
enterprise,  at  Wenatchee. 

He  was  bom  at  Lafayette,  Indiana,  May 
2-j,   1866.  His  father,  Charles  W.,  was  a 

farmer.  He  died  near  Lafayette  in  1878.  His 
mother,  Sarah  E.  (Beaver)  Rarey,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Pennsylvania,  of  Dutch  ancestry.  Will- 
iam T.  Rarey  was  reared  and  educated  in  La- 
fayette, attending  the  public  schools,  and  grad- 
uating from  the  Robinson  business  college,  in 
that  city.  In  1887  he  removed  to  Texas  where 
he  represented  a  large  wire  and  iron  manufac- 
turing company,  making  his  headquarters  at 
Dallas.  Following  a  short  stay  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. California,  he  went  to  Tacoma  and  from 
there  to  Fresno,  California,  where  for  a  year  he 
conducted  the  Tombs  House.  Thence  he  went 
to  Whatcom,  Washington,  where  for  a  year  he 
was  in  the  offices  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad 
company.     In  August,  1890,  he  came  to  Wen- 


atchee, and  at  first  worked  in  the  general  mer- 
chandise store  of  W.  E.  Stevens.  In  January, 
1900,  he  was  in  charge  of  the  Leavenworth 
branch  of  the  Wenatchee  Mercantile  Company's 
business,  where  he  had  been  during  eight  years 
past.  It  was  at  that  period  that  he  began  work- 
ing for  the  present  house,  which  was  then  known 
as  Baker  &  Hiatt's,  later  as  Baker  &  Bethel,  as 
general  manager.  On  February  i,  1903,  the 
firm  was  incorporated  as  the  W.  T.  Rarey  Com- 
pany, and  they  took  over  the  business  of  Baker 
&  Bethel.  The  new  company  carries  twenty 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  stock,  owns  a  two- 
story  and  basement  business  building,  fifty-five 
by  eighty  feet,  located  on  Wenatchee  a\-enue, 
and  valued  at  fifteen  thousand  dollars.  E.  D. 
Scheble  is  president,  J.  R.  Lanham,  vice-presi- 
dent, and  William  T.  Rarey,  secretary  and  gen- 
eral manager. 

Our,  subject  has  two  brothers,  John  F.  and 
Charles  W.,  and  two  sisters,  Annie,  wife  of 
William  Labaree,  Colorado,  and  Sadie,  an  artist 
in  Chicago,  and  unmarried. 

In  December,  1893,  Miss  Patsey  Briskey 
became  the  wife  of  our  subject,  the  marriage 
taking  place  at  Mission,  Washington.  She  is 
a  native  of  Alabama,  as  were  her  parents.  She 
has  one  brother,  Henry,  and  three  sisters,  Car- 
rie. Belle,  and  Mary.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rarey 
have  one  boy.  Jack,  aged  seven  years.  Mr. 
Rarey  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  the  Eagles, 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Wenatchee,  pop- 
ular and  influential. 


WILLIAM  TURNER  is  one  of  the  most 
successful  fruit  growers  in  the  productive  val- 
ley near  Wenatchee.  His  property  lies  one  mile 
and  three-quarters  from  the  town,  and  the  view 
from  his  residence  presents  a  magnificent  pan- 
orama of  Central  Washington  scenery. 

W^illiam  Turner  was  born  in  Ontario.  Can- 
ada, March  17,  1S62.  He  is  the  son  of  James 
and  Jeanette  (Henderson)  Turner,  both  natives 
of  Scotland  who  came  to  this  country  when 
quite  young,  the  latter  being  but  four  years  of 
age.  At  present  she  lives  with  a  daughter  in 
Missouri,  Mary  A.  Benson.  When  our  sub- 
ject was  four  years  of  age  his  parents  removed 
to  the  states,  settling  in  Missouri,  where  he 
grew  to  manhood.  He  attended  district  school 
at  such  times  as  he  could  spare  from  active 


8i4 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


labor  on  a  farm,  and  acquired  a  practical  edu- 
cation, the  family  comprised  three  boys  and 
four  girls.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  our 
subject  went  to  South  Dakota  where  he  re- 
mained but  one  year,  going  to  the  Palouse 
country,  Washington,  and  locating  near  Pull- 
man, where  he  purchased  land.  The  follow- 
ing six  years  he  devoted  his  attention  to  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  and  after  four  years  more 
passed  on  the  sound,  engaged  in  various  pur- 
suits, he  came  to  Wenatchee.  This  was  in  1894. 
He  has  at  present  eighty  acres  of  land,  thor- 
oughly irrigated,  forty  acres  of  which  is  set 
out  to  orchard.  He  has  six  acres  of  strawber- 
ries, with  fruit  trees  between  the  rows.  This 
is  the  largest  strawberry  garden  in  the  valley. 
He  has  sold  as  many  as  six  hundred  crates  of 
berries  in  one  season,  and  anticipates  increas- 
ing this  yield  materially  each  year.  Two  acres 
of  his  land  are  devoted  to  blackberries.  At  the 
period  of  his  initial  location  near  Wenatchee 
he  rented  land  of  Philip  Aliller,  and  from  this 
he  raised  two  hundred  crates  of  berries  to  the 
acre. 

On  November  26,  1886,  at  Colfax,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Turner  was  joined  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Paulina  Algier,  a  native  of  Germany.  Her 
father,  Antony,  died  in  Germany  in  1891. 
Her  mother,  Barbara  (Gehring)  Algier,  still 
lives  in  that  country.  She  has  three  brothers, 
August  and  Sevrin,  farmers,  in  Germany,  and 
Xavier,  a  commission  merchant  in  Chicago. 
She  has  two  sisters,  Mary,  wife  of  William 
Johnson,  at  Wenatchee,  and  Christina,  mar- 
ried to  Franz  Klausman,  and  residing  in  Ger- 
many. 

William  Turner,  our  subject  has  one 
brother,  Robert,  a  prosperous  farmer  in  Whit- 
man county,  Washington,  and  two  sisters,  Mary 
and  Jessie,  the  former  the  widow  of  E.  A.  Ben- 
son, living  at  Excelsior  Springs,  Missouri,  and 
Jessie,  wife  of  Silas  ;McCrary,  a  farmer  of 
Davis  county,  Missouri. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Turner  are  the  parents  of 
three  children,  Violet.  William  H.  and  Rich- 
ard, aged  fourteen,  eleven  and  five  years,  re- 
spectively. 

The  fraternal  affiliations  of  Mr.  Turner  are 
with  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  M.  W.  A.  and  the 
Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen.  Mrs. 
Turner  is  a  member  of  the  Rathbone  Sisters 
and  the  Yeomen.  Although  not  an  active  par- 
tisan in  politics  Mr.  Turner  is  in  line  with  the 


principles  of  the  Republican  party.  The  home- 
stead residence  is  built  of  a  splendid  quality  of 
shell  rock,  a  ledge  of  which  rises  opposite  the 
house  over  three  hundred  feet  in  height.  At  an 
early  day  Mr.  Turner  intends  to  erect  a  three- 
story  fruit  packing  house  of  the  same  materal. 


:\IICHAEL  HORAX.  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive stock  ranchers  in  the  vicinity  of  Wen- 
atchee, Chelan  county,  is  a  man  of  cultivated 
literary  tastes,  and  a  thorough  gentleman. 
Stockbridge,  Massachusetts,  is  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  and  the  date  of  his  birth  is  May  14, 
1854. 

His  parents,  Patrick  and  Mary  (Kirk) 
Horan,  were  natives  of  Ireland.  When  a  young 
men,  the  father,  who  was  a  shoemaker,  came  to 
the  United  States,  dying  when  our  subject  was 
eight  years  of  age.  The  mother  survived  her 
husband  but  four  years.  Following  the  death  of 
his  parents,  young  Horan  lived,  worked,  and 
studied  amid  the  Berkshire  hills,  and  here  he 
laid  the  foundation  of  an  excellent  education. 
Going  to  California  in  1876  he  found  employ- 
ment in  various  occupations,  mining,  stock- 
raising,  and  so  forth,  for  five  years.  Going 
thence  to  Tombstone,  Arizona,  he  engaged  in 
mining,  freighting,  and  the  meat  business.  In 
1884  he  went  to  the  Puget  Sound  country,  near 
Tacoma,  where  he  conducted  a  stone  quarry, 
mined,  and  pursued  various  other  lines  of  busi- 
ness. It  was  in  1889  that  he  first  came  to  Wen- 
atchee, and  here  he  purchased  cattle  and  de- 
voted his  attention  to  the  meat  business.  The 
latter  he  disposed  of  a  few  years  since,  but  con- 
tinues to  raise  blooded  cattle  successfully.  He 
has  a  beautiful  place,  surrounded  by  all  that 
tends  to  the  conveniences  and  comforts  of  his 
vocation.  He  has  taken  a  number  of  prizes  for 
choice  displays  of  stock  and  poultry. 

At  present  Mr.  Horan  is  vice-president  of 
the  Wenatchee  Columbia  \"al!ey  Bank,  owns 
one  hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  land  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wenatchee  river,  and  resides  in  a 
handsome  two-story,  twelve-room  house.  He 
lias  also  a  young  orchard  of  twenty-three  acres. 
He  has  three  sisters,  Mary  Hart,  Julia,  single, 
and  Kate  Dumford,  all  residing  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

At  Cle  Elum,  Washington.  September  25, 
1888,  our  suliject  was  married  to  Margaret  A. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


815 


Rankin,  a  native  of  Iowa.  Her  father  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania;  her  mother  of  Vir- 
ginia. Airs.  Horan  has  one  brother  and  three 
sisters:  Frank,  Mary  Hunt,  Susan  Wilhs,  and 
EHzabeth  Cahill.  Mr.  Horan  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  of  P.,  D.  O.  K.  K.,  and  M.  W.  A. 
Pohtically  he  is  a  Repubhcan. 

Six  children  have  been  bor.n  to  Air.  and  Mrs. 
Horan,  William  E.,  Esther  N.,  John  R.,  Wal- 
ter E.,  Kathelene  and  Mamie. 

Mr.  Horan  is  a  very  active  participant  in 
politics,  not  for  personal  preferment,  but  for  the 
welfare  of  the  community  and  the  upbuilding 
and  success  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1890, 
he  was  chosen  commissioner  of  Kittitas  county, 
and  in  Chelan  county  has  been  school  director 
for,  twelve  vears. 


PEARL  P.  HOLCOMB.  Though  a 
young  man,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  one  of 
the  leading  spirits  and  enterprising  citizens  of 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  where  he  is  engaged 
successfully  in  the  mercantile  business.  He  is 
a  native  of  Iowa,  having  been  born  in  Boone 
county,  January  10,  1871.  His  father  is  Ben- 
jamin B.  Holcomb,  a  sketch  of  whom  appears 
elsewhere,  and  his  mother  is  Susie  Holcomb,  a 
native  of  Ohio.  They  were  early  pioneeers  in 
the  Wenatchee  Valley. 

Until  the  age  of  fifteen  years  our  subject 
was  reared  and  educated  in  Iowa.  One  sum- 
mer was  passed  in  Nebraska,  with  his  family, 
and  then  for  the  following  five  years  he  resided 
in  Kansas.  In  1890  he  came  to  Washington, 
and  entered  the  employment  of  Hinchliff  Broth- 
ers &  Gildea,  with  whom  he  remained  eighteen 
months.  Following  the  "big  fire"  in  Spokane,  he 
returned,  to  Kansas,  and  in  the  fall  of  1890,  he 
came  with  the  family  to  Spangle,  \\'ashington, 
where  for  a  few  months  he  worked  as  a  clerk. 
He  attended  the  Spokane  Business  College  for 
one  winter,  and  the  followng  summer  worked 
on  a  farm.  Following  his  graduation  from  the 
business  college  he  engaged  in  various  employ- 
ments, and  in  the  meantime  his  family  had 
moved  to  Wenatchee,  where  he  joined  them  in 
.the  winter  of  1893.  Again  in  the  spring  fol- 
lowing he  was  in  the  employment  of  Hinchliff 
Brothers,  at  Elverton,  Whitman  county,  re- 
maining with  them  one  year.  Returning  to 
Wenatchee  he  was  associated  with  George  W. 


Kline,  as  assistant  postmaster,  two  years,  and 
was  then  with  D.  A.  Beal  for  one'year.  In 
March,  1899,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  J. 
S.  Albin,  in  the  general  mercantile  business, 
and  six  months  afterwards  purchased  the  lat- 
ter's  interest.  Mr.  Holcomb  has  two  sisters, 
Ida  Garrett  and  Nettie  Phipps. 

At  Spokane,  March  7,  1896,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Mattie  E.  Downing,  a  native  of 
Washington,  born  in  Whitman  county.  Her 
father,  E.  M.  Downing,  was  the  pioneer  mer- 
chant of  Colfax,  Whitman  county,  and  crossed 
the  plains  at  an  early  day.  He  at  present  re- 
sides at  Gifford,  Idaho.  The  mother,  Mollie 
(Hinchliff)  Downing,  was  a  native  of  J\Iis- 
souri,  and  died  in  1894.  April  26,  1901,  Mrs. 
Holcomb  was  called  from  earth,  leaving  one 
child,  Guy  H.,  aged  six  years. 

Our  subject  is,  fraternally,  a  member  of  the 
Odd  Fellows  and  the  Maccabees.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican, was  a  delegate  to  the  last  county  con- 
vention, was  a  member  of  the  city  council  three 
years,  city  clerk  one  term,  and  takes  a  lively  in- 
terest in  local  politics. 


BENJAMIN  M.  CHAPMAN,  one  of  the 
prosperous  farmers  of  the  Wenatchee  valley, 
residing  near  Mission,  Chelan  county,  is  a  na- 
tive of  the  "Keystone  State,"  born  January  8, 
1850.  His  father,  Stedman  Chapman,  who  died 
in  1880,  was  born  in  Connecticut,  moved  from 
there  to  New  York  and  followed  farming  all 
his  life  in  the  "Empire  State,"  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  mother,  Jane  (Manning)  Chap- 
man, was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  died  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1892. 

From  the  age  of-  five  to  twenty  years  our 
subject  was  reared  in  Iowa,  alternately  attend- 
ing school  and  working  on  farms.  He  came  to 
Washington  in  1870,  and  for  two  and  a  half 
years  lived  in  the  vicinities  of  Walla  Walla  and 
Dayton,  where  he  taught  school  and  worked 
in  a  saw  mill.  In  the  fall  of  1872  he  returned 
to  Iowa,  remained  five  years,  and  in  1878  went 
to  Portland,  Oregon,  thence  to  Marion  county, 
same  state,  and  in  the  spring  of  1881  came  to 
Ellensburg,  purchased  railroad  land,  seven 
miles  from  that  place,  and  cultivated  it.  In 
1888  he  removed  to  Waterville.  Douglas  coun- 
ty, and  engaged  in  farming  until  1893.  He  came 
to  Chelan  county  in  that  year,  purchased  land. 


Si6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


disposed  of  it,  and  finally  settled  on  forty  acres 
on  the  "Brown's  Flat"  side  of  the  river.  He 
has  ten  acres  in  orchard,  seven  in  alfalfa, 
watered  by  the  Jones  &  Shotwell  ditch,  and 
resides  in  a  substantial  story  and  a  half  house, 
in  the  rear  of  which  is  a  handsome,  commo- 
dious, high  gable  barn. 

Our  subject  has  one  brother  and  nine  sis- 
ters, Walter  M..  ]\Iary  Myers,  Sarah  Bissell. 
Hester  Baird,  Susan  Loing,  Catherine  Puckett, 
Carrie  Hunter,  Elnora  Edmunds,  Wilthy 
King,  and  Anna  Carber.  At  Kirksville,  Iowa, 
September  26,  1872,  Mr.  Chapman  was  mar- 
ried to  Olive  McLain,  born  in  Wapello  county, 
Iowa.  Thev  have  three  children  W.  Guy, 
Frank  R.,  and  Walter  B.  The  father  of  Mrs. 
Chapman,  Jocob  McLain,  died  in  1874.  and  her 
mother,  Harriet  (Davis)  McLain,  in  1893. 
Mrs.  Chapman  has  two  brothers.  Daniel  and 
Wilson  S..  and  four  sisters,  Mary  Jones,  Ellen 
Randolph,  Addie  M.  Brown  and  Ozora  I\Ior- 
row. 

Politically,  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  pronounced 
Independent. 


GEORGE  W.  BLAIR  is  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  the  Iseautiful  valley,  near  Wenatchee, 
Chelan  county,  where  he  now  resides,  success- 
fully engaged  in  fruit  and  stock-raising.  Mon- 
roe county,  Ohio,  is  the  place  of  his  nativity; 
the  date  of  his  birth,  February  6.  1850.  His 
parents,  James  A.  and  Mary  Ann  (Drake) 
Blair,  are  natives  of  Ohio,  and  at  present  reside 
in  Nebraska,  having  gone  there  in  1859.  The 
father  is  now  eighty-four  years  of  age;  the 
mother  sixty-eight. 

Reared  and  educated  on  the  frontier,  our 
subject  remained  in  Nebraska  until  1881,  when 
he  came  to  Montana  and  for  eighteen  months 
engaged  in  the  livery  business.  On  Oc- 
tober 13,  1883.  he  came  to  Wenatchee,  and  on 
the  sixteenth  located  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  land.  He  was  accompanied  by  eleven 
other  pioneers,  many  of  whom  have  since 
passed  away.  In  the  summer  of  1884  they 
built  what  is  known  as  the  "Settlers'  Ditch," 
taking  water  from  the  Squill-Tac-Chane.  The 
main  ditch  is  three  and  one  half  miles  long.  Of 
these  orignal  ditch  builders  only  our  subject, 
Z.  A.  Lanham  and  Samuel  Miller  remain. 

Mr.  Blair  has  ever  Ijeen  a  successful  cultiva- 
tor of  fruit  and  vegetables.     All  but  twentv 


acres  of  his  original  property  he  has  sold  or 
given  to  his  children,  retaining  twenty  acres 
upon  which  he  at  present  resides.  His  one 
story  and  a  half  house  is  surrounded  by  five 
acres  of  young  orchard,  aside  from  which  he 
has  fifteen  acres  of  bearing  trees.  He  has 
five  brothers  living,  Brice,  J.  Harvey,  John, 
Grant  and  William.  He  also  has  five  sisters, 
Sarah  A.  Townsend,  Lizzie  Hurlburt,  Nancy 
Connor,  Ettie  Gillispie,  and  Zettie  Stuart. 

Our  subject  was  married  at  Alexandria, 
Nebraska,  in  1872,  to  Mrs.  Margaret  Davis, 
nee  Thompson,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in 
1847.  Her  father,  David  Thompson,  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
An  early  pioneer  of  Missouri,  he  died  in  1882. 
The  mother  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  dying  when 
Mrs.  Blair  was  quite  young.  The  latter  has 
three  brothers,  Isaac.  Jacob  and  Robert.  She 
has  one  sister,  Rachel  Kilpatrick,  mother  of  \\'. 
H.  Kilpatrick,  the  well-known  railroad  con- 
tractor. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair  have  four  girls.  Mary 
France.  Grace  Stevens,  Pearl  Cooper  and  Alice 
Fry.  The  political  aftiliations  of  our  subject 
are  with  the  Republican  party.  He  served  three 
years  as  road  overseer,  was  the  first  school  di- 
rector in  the  valley,  and  has  always  taken  a 
lively  interest  in  school  matters. 


CHARLES  A.  HARLIN,  although  a 
young  man,  can  justly  be  claimed  as  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  Washington,  coming  to  the  state 
at  the  time  of  its  admission  to  the  union. 
Saunders  county,  Nebraska  is  the  place  of  his 
nativity,  where  he  was  born  January  22.  1871. 
He  now  owns  and  conducts  the  largest  meat 
market  in  the  thriving  town  of  Wenatchee, 
Chelan  county.  His  parents.  Charles  and  Anna 
Harlin,  are  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to 
this  country  and  located  in  Nebraska  in  1869, 
where  they  now  reside,  engaged  in  farming  near 
Cedar  Blufifs. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  Nebraska  farm, 
but  attended  the  graded  schools  of  Fremont, 
that  state,  and  subsequently  assisted  his  father 
in  a  meat  market.  In  1889  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  settled  on  Lake  Chelan,  at  that  pe- 
riod in  Okanogan  county,  now  Chelan.  Here 
he  followed  various  employments,  and  in  1894 
he  came  to  Wenatchee  and  worked  for  Michael 


WILLIAM    BLAIR. 


GEORGE  BLAIR. 


CHARLES  A.   HARLIN. 


GEORGE   H.   FARWELL. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


817 


Horn,  the  pioneer  butcher  of  that  place.  Subse- 
quently he  went  to  Seattle  and  studied  six 
months  in  a  business  college,  returning  to 
Wenatchee  and  remaining  in  the  employment 
of  Mr.  Horn  two  years.  The  latter  was  desir- 
ous of  'giving  his  whole  attention  to  his  exten- 
sive farm,  and  young  Harlin  took  charge  of  the 
meat  business  as  manager,  shortly  afterwards 
purchasing  the  same. 

Mr.  Harlin  has  five  brothers,  Otto,  Louis, 
George,  and  Rudolph,  farmers  and  stockmen  at 
Cedar  BlufTs.  Nebraska,  and  William,  in  the 
employment  of  a  steamboat  company,  at  Wen- 
atchee. 

In  April,  1900,  Mr.  Harlin  was  married,  at 
Wenatchee,  to  ]\Irs.  Dora  A.  Wells.  She  has 
two  half  brothers.  Rush  Failor,  a  linotype  oper- 
ator, at  Seattle,  and  Harry  Failor,  a  conductor 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  railway,  residing  at 
Tacoma.  By  her  first  marriage  Mrs.  Harlin 
has  three  children,  Hazel,  aged  sixteeen.  Faun, 
aged  thirteen,  and  Glenn  R.,  aged  eleven  years. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Harlin  is  a  me'mber  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 
Wenatchee  organizations,  and  is  a  trustee  and 
prominent  member  of  the  Wenatchee  Commer- 
cial Club.  He  is  an  active,  energetic  young 
man,  highly  popular,  and  esteemed  for  his  prob- 
ity and  business  sagacity. 


GEORGE  H.  FARWELL,  who  is  one  of 
the  most  successful  fruit  growers  in  Chelan 
county,  resides  but  a  short  distance  from  Wen- 
atchee. He  was  born  in  the  Province  of  Que- 
bec, August  27,  1862.  His  parents,  Benjamin 
W.  and  Susan  M.  Farwell,  also  Canadians,  are 
still  living,  and  at  the  present  writing  are  visit- 
ing their  son  at  Wenatchee. 

George  H.  remained  in  Canada  and  attended 
district  school,  then  graduated  from  an  acad- 
emy, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-t\\-o  removed  to 
Thompson,  North  Dakota,  coming  thence  to 
Ellensburg,  Kittitas  county,  where  for  six 
years  he  was  engaged  in  railroad  work,  in  the 
shops  and  as  fireman  and  engineer.  Subse- 
queiltlv  he  was  interested  in  the  transfer,  wood 
and  ice  business.  Coming  to  Wenatchee  in 
1900,  Mr.  Farwell  filed  on  the  homestead  upon 
which  he  now  resides,  fifty  acres  of  which  are 
devoted  to  orchard,  vineyard,  alfalfa  and  so 
forth.     In  1899  he  joined  the  rush  to  Nome; 


was  thirty-three  days  on  the  trip,  which  was  eu 
perilous  one,  and  here  he  passed  one  season.. 
While  in  Ellensburg  our  subject,  in  company 
with  five  others,  built  a  boat  and  endeavored  tO' 
reach  Yakima,  but  they  were  capsized,  losing'' 
their  baggage  and  three  months"  supply  of  pro- 
vision, and  it  was  this  serious  mishap  that  an- 
chored him  at  Ellensburg.  For  a  period  he 
found  it  hard  sledding,  but  as  a  result  of  indus- 
try and  excellent  business  sagacity  his  present 
place  is  worth  at  least  ten  thousand  dollars.  Mr. 
Farwell  has  taken  several  gold,  silver  and 
bronze  medals  at  general  exhibits  of  fruit,  both 
at  the  Pan-American  Exposition  at  Buffalo  and 
in  other  places.  In  1902  he  captured  the  first 
prize  for  the  ten  best  packed  boxes  of  apples  and 
eighteen  first  prizes  for  plate  exhibits  at 
Spokane.  In  the  fall  of  1902  he  was  awarded 
twelve  first,  and  six  second  prizes  for  apples, 
pears,  peaches,  prunes  and  plums  at  the  Wen- 
atchee fair.  During  the  spring  of  1903,  Mr. 
Farwell  shipped  twenty-one  boxes  of  apples  to 
Japan  and  fifty  boxes  to  Dawson. 

Our  subject  has  two  brothers  living,  Harley 
E.  and  Arthur  D.  In  October,  1899,  at  El- 
lensburg, he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Lottie 
B.  Ricker,  a  native  of  Michigan.  She  has  one 
sister,  Annie,  wife  of  Charles  Becker,  \\'en- 
atchee.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children, 
Hugh  B.,  Roy  M.,  Harley  E.  and  Madie  B. 
Mr.  Farwell  is  a  member  of  Wenatchee  Lodge, 
No.  57,  I.  O.  O.  F..  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is 
a  Republican,  has  been  delegate  to  the  county 
convention,  but  is  not  an  active  politician.  It 
is  for  most  excellent  reasons  that  he  has  occa- 
sion to  feel  a  certain  degree  of  pride  in  his 
achievements  as  a  fruit  grower,  for  his  career 
in  this  line  has  been  marked  with  the  greatest 
degree  of  success. 

On  August  18.  1903,  Mr.  Tarwell  was  ap- 
pointed delegate  to  the  Mississippi  Congress 
which  held  a  session  in  Seattle. 


FREDERICK  C.  FARNHAM,  descendant 
of  an  old  New  England  family,  is  practically  a 
Bostonian,  having  been  born  at  Dorchester, 
Massachusetts,  now  a  portion  of  the  "Hub." 
The  date  was  August  17.  1846.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Maine,  and  five  members  of 
his  father's  family  participated  in  the  Revolu- 
tion.    His  mother,  Margaret   (Potter)   Earn- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ham,  was  a  descendant  of  the  old  New  Eng- 
land Potter  family  many  of  whom  were  dis- 
tinguished in  the  lines  of  the  professions  and 
industrial  pursuits. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  graded  and 
Latin  schools  of  Boston  and  Dorchester,  and 
when  quite  young  went  to  sea,  which  he  fol- 
lowed five  years.  He  then  turned  his  attention 
to  mining  in  California,  Nevada  and  New 
Mexico,  and  has  followed  that  avocation,  main- 
ly, ever  since.  During  the  past  eight  years  he 
has  made  his  home  on  Mission  creek,  Chelan 
county,  residing  with  the  family  of  Stapleton 
C.  Howard,  mentioned  elsewhere.  He  is  a 
member  of  Tuscorora  Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
of  Tuscorora,  Nevada,  and  Wenatchee  Chap- 
ter No.  22,  R.  A.  M. 


WILLIAM  J.  WARNER,  the  pioneer  set- 
tler of  "Warner's  Flat,"  near  INIission,  Chelan 
county,  is  a  "Buckeye,"  born  in  Fairfield  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  April  15,  1834.  His  parents,  William 
C.  and  Christina  (Stoneburner)  Warner  were 
natives  of  Virginia,  descendants  of  the  most 
prominent  families  of  a  decidedly  aristocratic 
state.  The  father  was  an  active  participant  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  was  in  the  battles  of 
Craney  Island  and  Sackett's  Harbor.  He  died 
in  Illinois  in  1865.  The  mother  passed  away 
in  1870. 

Until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  our 
subject  lived  in  Ohio,  worked  on  a  farm  and 
attended  the  public  schools.  Later  he  moved  to 
Iowa,  thence  to  Illinois,  and  after  the  death  of 
his  father  he  went  to  Nebraska  where  he  re- 
mained ten  years.  Subsequently  he  was  in  Cal- 
ifornia three  years  and  then  for  eighteen 
months  in  Albany,  Oregon.  The  following 
nine  years  he  passed  at  High  Prairie,  near  The 
Dalles,  and  then  he  came  to  his  present  home, 
near  Mission.  This  was  in  1887.  He  culti- 
vates forty  acres  of  land,  has  an  orchard  of  ten 
acres,  shipping  about  one  thousand  boxes  of 
fruit  annually.  He  has  one  brother  living,  La- 
fayette, residing  at  Portland,  Oregon,  and  one 
sister,  Filiena  Kagy. 

On  March  i,  1854,  our  subject  was  married 
to  Miss  Nancy  Powell,  a  native  of  Iowa.  She 
died  at  High  Prairie,  Oregon.  On  February 
27,  1885,  at  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Amelda  Brian,  ncc 


Rea,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Her  father, 
Joshua,  was  a  Pennsylvanian,  a  member  of  an 
old  Quaker  family  of  English  descent.  Her 
mother,  Mary  (Lower)  Brian,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  of  Dutch  ancestry.  Mrs.  War- 
ner has  five  sisters,  Anna  Vogan,  Selinda  £. 
Cooper,  Margaret  Wirt.  Kate  Laird  and  Lucy 
Paget. 

Mr.  Warner  has  two  children  by  his  first 
wife,  Melville  M.  and  Orilla,  wife  of  Jefferson 
Dripps,  a  horse  dealer  in  The  Dalles,  Oregon. 
His  second  wife  has  four  children  living,  Annie, 
wife  of  Logan  Rayburn,  of  Acton,  Los  Angeles 
county,  California ;  Maud,  wife  of  Clark  Stru- 
thers,  Walla  Walla,  Washington ;  Stella,  mar- 
ried to  William  Cross,  Wenatchee;  and  Virgil 
Brian,  an  only  son,  living  on  a  farm  adjoining 
his  father's  property.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warner 
are  members  of  the  Church  of  God.  Politically 
he  is  an  Independent. 

Our  subject  was  among  the  first  white  set- 
tlers of  this  district,  and  they  saw  no  white 
women  during  the  first  five  months  of  their 
location.  His  family  is  highly  esteemed  by  all 
with  whom  they  are  associated,  and  he  is  a 
popular  citizen. 


ALENANDER  PITCHER,  who  for  the 
last  forty-three  years,  has  been  a  frontiersman, 
having  been  on  the  plains  as  early  as  1859,  is 
now  pleasantly  located  near  Wenatchee,  Chelan 
county,  engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock- 
raising. 

Mr.  Pitcher  was  born  in  Dutchess  county. 
New  York,  November  24,  1836,  the  son  of 
Jacob  and  Huldah  (Uhle)  Pitcher,  natives  of 
New  York  state.  The  ancestors  of  the  father 
were  Holland  Dutch,  and  early  settlers  of  the 
state.  He  died  in  Illinois  in  1867.  The  an- 
cestry of  the  mother  was  English.  She  passed 
away  in  Iowa  in  1894. 

At  the  age  of  four  years  our  subject  was 
taken  to  Illinois  by  his  parents,  and  in  1859  he 
went  to  Pike's  Peak,  but  shortly  afterwards  re- 
turned to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  and  engaged 
in  freighting  across  the  plains.  In  1863  he 
was  in  Boise  City,  Idaho,  arriving  there  two 
weeks  after  the  town  was  laid  out.  He  erected 
the  first  hous  there  that  was  providetl  with  a 
door.  The  following  ten  years  were  passed  in 
various  employments,  mining,  restaurant  keep- 
ing, prospecting,  and  freighting.     In  1879  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


819 


pushed  on  to  Seattle,  remaining  but  a  few- 
weeks,  and  going  thence  to  Roseburg,  Oregon. 
Having  lost  an  arm  there  in  a  saw  mill,  he  re- 
turned to  Humboldt  county,  California,  where 
he  stopped  ten  years.  It  was  in  1889  that  he 
came  to  his  present  handsome  location  in  Che- 
lan county,  six  miles  from  Wenatchee,  called 
Pitcher's  Canyon. 

Our  subject  has  five  brothers,  John,  Adam, 
Jacob,  Solomon  and  Henry,  and  three  sisters, 
Maria  Birchley,  Elizabeth  Smith  and  Jane. 
On  March  27,  1862,  at  Council  Bluffs.  Iowa, 
he  was  married  to  Sarah  E.  Bell,  a  native  of 
Marietta,  Ohio.  Her  father,  James  Bell,  de- 
ceased, was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania ;  her 
mother,  Mary  (Johnson)  Bell,  was  born  in 
Ohio,  and  now  lives  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
aged  eighty  years.  Our  subject  has  three  chil- 
dren, George,  Benton,  and  Efifie,  wife  of  David 
Murray,  a  miner  and  stockman  of  Republic, 
Washington. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  charter  member  of 
Wenatchee  Lodge  No.  157,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
past  noble  grand.  He  took  the  degrees  in 
California  in  1876.  Politically  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  has  served  two  terms  as  county  com- 
missioner of  Kittitas  county.  He  has  frequently 
been  a  delegate  to  county  conventions,  has  been 
a  Republican  since  the  election  of  Lincoln,  and 
intends  to  remain  in  that  party.  Mr.  Pitcher 
was  the  first  assessor  of  Chelan  county. 


HARRY  I.  SHOTWELL,  superintendent 
of  the  Wenatchee  Water  Power  and  Ditch 
Company,  residing  four  miles  northwest  of 
Wenatchee,  was  born  at  Topeka,  Kansas,  No- 
vember 21,  1874.  His  father,  Jacob  A.  Shot- 
well,  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  Ixirn  in  LaPorte 
county,  March  21,  1851,  of  old  and  distin- 
guished ancestry,  his  parents,  grandparents  and 
great-grandparents  having  been  New  England 
people.  The  mother  of  our  subject.  Susan 
(Canfield)  Shotwell,  is  a  native  of  Illinois. 
Harry  I.  Shotwell  has  three  brothers  and  three 
sisters,  Frank,  Ralph  and  Lyman,  residing  at 
home,  and  Lora,  wife  of  Thomas  McDonald, 
of  Madera,  California,  Nora  and  Grace,  living 
with  their  parents. 

When  he  was  five  years  of  age,  in  1879,  our 
subject  was  taken  to  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington, by  his  parents,  and  here  he  was  afforded 


an  opportunity  of  attending  the  public  schools. 
In  1883  the  family  removed  to  Ellensburg, 
where  he  enjoyed  the  privileges  of  the  Ellens- 
burg Academy.  In  1889  his  parents  went  to 
Wenatchee,  accompanied  by  Harry,  who  at  that 
period  was  fifteen  years  of  age.  Seven  years 
later  he  purchased  eighty  acres  of  land,  his  pres- 
ent home,  which  is  a  handsome  property,  thirty- 
five  acres  under  ditch,  twenty-five  devoted  to 
the  cultivation  of  alfalfa  and  eight  acres  set 
out  in  a  fine  orchard.  He  resides  in  a  one- 
story  cottage,  has  other  buildings,  and  a  com- 
modious barn  with  a  capacity  of  one  hundred 
tons  of  hay.  In  1896  he  and  his  father  dis- 
posed of  the  extensive  irrigating  ditch  which 
they  had  constructed  to  the  Wenatchee  Water 
Power  &  Ditch  Company,  since  which  period 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  same. 

At  Mission,  Chelan  county,  September  10, 
1896,  Mr.  Shotwell  was  married  to  Miss  Daisy 
McClimans,  a  native  of  Wyoming.  Her  fa- 
ther, Robert  McClimans,  was  born  in  Illinois; 
her  mother,  Julia  (Warren)  McClimans  is  a 
native  of  Kansas.  Both  of  her  parents  at  pres- 
ent reside  in  San  Diego,  California.  Mrs. 
Shotwell  has  four  brothers  and  five  sisters. 
Joseph  L.,  Frank,  Scott,  Harvey.  Rose,  wife  of 
John  Kulbes,  Ethel,  wife  of  Lawrence  Cade, 
Etna  and  Stella,  school  girls,  and  Ida.  a  baby. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shotwell  have  one  child.  Ber- 
tha, born  November  26,  1897.  Mr.  Shotwell 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of  Wenatchee. 
He  is  a  Republican,  politically,  but  not  at  all 
partisan  in  his  affiliations. 

Jacob  A.  and  his  son,  Harry  I.  Shotwell, 
were  the  pioneer  irrigators  in  the  Brown  Flat 
country,  and  they  have  made  a  remarkable  suc- 
cess in  this  line  of  agricultural  industrv. 


PAUL  SWANSON.  Without  doubt  the 
subject  of  this  biographical  sketch  is  the  larg- 
est farmer  on  the  lake  of  Chelan.  His  estate 
lies  about  eight  miles  northwest  from  Chelan 
and  consists  of  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
of  his  own  land  and  two  hundred  acres  of  land 
leased  from  the  school  authorities.  He  makes 
a  beautiful  and  valuable  estate  of  it  all  and 
raises  abundance  of  grain,  as  wheat,  oats,  bar- 
ley, corn,  and  so  forth.  He  owns  the  only 
threshing  machine  on  the  lake  and  threshed  out 
one  thousand  bushels   for  himself  this   year. 


820 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Swanson  also  raises  cattle,  having  about 
fifty  head,  as  well  as  hogs  and  other  stock.  He 
is  a  man  of  ability  and  has  shown  it  in  his  enter- 
prises here.  Mr.  Swanson  has  a  beautiful 
place,  and  has  stimulated  mucli  improvement 
and  effort  in  others,  while  he  has  b}-  his  industry 
and  wise  management  made  this  excellent  hold- 
ing for  himself. 

Paul  Swanson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on 
August  2,  1867,  the  son  of  Swen  P.  and  Per- 
nill  (Parsdotter)  Swanson,  natives  of  Sweden, 
where  they  died  in  1900  and  1895,  respec- 
tively. Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his 
native  land  and  in  1887  came  thence  to  the 
United  States.  He  landed  in  Grand  Forks 
county,  North  Dakota,  in  due  time  and  worked 
on  a  farm  for  one  year.  After  that  he  jour- 
neyed to  Montana  and  rode  the  range  for  three 
years,  when  he  came  direct  to  Lake  Chelan,  lo- 
cating where  he  find  him  at  the  present  time. 
He  at  once  set  to  work  to  make  his  ranch 
one  of  value  and  productive  and  he  has  suc- 
ceeded in  a  remarkable  degree,  being  now  the 
leading  farmer  in  this  vicinity. 

In  October,  1902,  Mr.  Swanson  married 
Miss  Etta  Yerden,  whose  parents  are  natives 
of  St.  Lawrence  county,  New  York,  where  they 
now  live.  ]\Irs.  Swanson  has  one  brother, 
Frank,  living  near  our  subject;  and  one  sister, 
Mary.  To  Mr.  and  Airs.  Swanson  one  child 
has  been  born,  Paulina,  an  infant.  Mr.  Swan- 
son is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  always  inter- 
ested in  the  welfare  and  advancement  of  the 
community. 


DIKE  LEONARD,  who  has  successfully 
availed  himself  of  the  rare  possibilities  of  fruit 
culture  in  the  Columbia  valley,  came  to  Wenat- 
chee,  Chelan  county,  where  he  at  present  resides, 
at  an  early  day.  Heisa  New  Englander,  born  in 
Rutland  county,  Vermont,  December  16,  1831. 
His  parents,  Thomas  J.  and  Hannah  (Dike) 
Leonard,  were  both  natives  of  Vermont,  whose 
ancestors  took  part  in  the  war  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  father  owned  the  pioneer  iron  works 
of  Vermont,  where  he  died,  in  1893,  age  ninety- 
eight  years.     The  mother  died  in  1873. 

Our  subject  secured  an  excellent  education 
in  his  native  state,  where  he  divided  his  time 
between  attending  school  and  assisting  his 
father  in  the  iron  works.  At  one  period  he  pur- 
chased a   farm,  and  devoted   his  attention   to 


agricultural  pursuits.  As  early  as  1882  he 
came  west,  his  health  having  become  precarious, 
owing  to  lung  troubles,  and  he  first  settled  at 
Walla  Walla,  Washington.  He  remained  there 
fifteen  years,  and  completely  regained  his  robust 
constitution.  Three  years  were  passed  in  the 
vicinity  of  Badger  Mountains,  Douglas  county. 
In  1893  Mr.  Leonard  came  to  Wenatchee, 
purchased  forty  acres  of  land,  paying  for  the 
same  three  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  one 
thousand  cash.  During  the  years  of  financial 
disaster  he  managed  to  pull  through  safely, 
while  many  of  his  neighbors  were  ruined.  He 
has  one  sister,  Helen,  living  in  Vermont.  On 
January  13,  1854  Mr.  Leonard  was  married  to 
Miss  Abbie  Persons,  a  native  of  Weston,  Ver- 
mont, her  father,  Stillman  Persons,  hav- 
ing been  born  in  the  same  state,  as  was,  also, 
her  mother,  Hannah  (Buss)  Persons.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Leonard  have  one  child,  Phil,  born  at 
Pittsford,  Vermont  October  20,  1865.  The 
latter  is  married,  his  wife  having  been  Julia 
Wheeler.  In  politics,  Mr.  Leonard  is  a  Re- 
publican and  takes  an  interest  in  the  campaigns. 


WILLIAM  H.  DEXTER,  of  the  firm  of 
Dexter  &  Son,  brick  manufacturers,  resides  at 
\\'enatchee,  Chelan  county.  He  was  born  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  July  i,  1846.  His 
father,  John  W.,  was  a  native  of  \'ermont,  a 
member  of  the  old  Dexter  family,  prominent 
for  many  generations.  He  was  an  extensi\-e 
manufacturer  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  con- 
ducted a  wholesale  and  retail  store  in  Laporte, 
Indiana.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  Mary  A. 
(Billington)  Dexter,  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 
was  a  member  of  an  old  and  distinguished 
American  family.  Both  of  our  subject's  pa- 
rents are  dead. 

The  boyhood  days  of  William  H.  Dexter 
were  passed  in  Laporte,  Indiana,  where  his  fa- 
ther and  an  uncle  were  engaged  in  the  boot  and 
shoe  business.  He  attended  the  city  schools, 
and  when  about  twenty  years  of  age  learned 
the  trade  of  bricklayer.  In  1865  he  removed  t  > 
Montana,  and  engaged  in  brick-making  and 
contracting,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Miles 
City,  where  he  had  a  brick  yard  on  the  Indian 
reservation,  near  Fort  Keogh.  Here  he  was 
employed  to  a  large  extent  on  government 
work.     In  1876  he  went  to  Helena,  where  he 


DIKE    LEONARD. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


passed  a  year,  and  tlien  removed  to  Denver, 
Colorado,  where  for  three  years  he  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  and  retail  wine  business.  He  re- 
moved to  Tacoma,  Washington,  in  1888,  and 
remained  there  and  in  the  Puget  Sound  country' 
seven  years.  At  that  time  his  son,  ha\-ing  grad- 
uated from  Dr.  Hill's  military  academy,  Port- 
land, Oregon,  accompanied  him  to  British  Col- 
umbia on  a  prospecting  tour,  where  they  re- 
mained about  two  years.  In  June,  1898,  they 
came  to  Wenatchee  and  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness of  brick-making,  purchasing  a  place  near 
the  river,  which  they  disposed  of  to  John 
Culp,  in  1899.  Later  they  bought  five 
acres  of  land  near  the  fair  grounds.  Here  they 
manufacture  common  and  pressed  brick,  the 
clay  being  excellently  adapted  to  the  purpose, 
a  test  made  by  a  Chicago  brick  machinery 
house,  demonstrating  that  the  quality  equalled 
any  in  the  United  States,  and  excelled  many 
others.  They  find  a  ready  local  sale,  and  ship 
considerable  brick  to  outside  parties. 

Our  subject  has  one  brother  and  one  sister 
living,  Henry  M.,  of  Denver,  Colorado;  and 
Frances  A.,  widow  of  Samuel  Hiser.  At  Val- 
paraiso, Indiana,  Mr.  Dexter  married  Flora 
Seward,  a  native  of  Laporte,  whose  father, 
Henrjf  Seward,  was  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war. 
Our  subject  has  one  son  living,  John  A.,  his 
partner  in  business.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Wenatchee  Commercial  Club,  and  in  politics 
a  Democrat. 


ALBERT  KNOWLES.  To  the  steady 
and  progressive  farmers  we  owe  a  debt  for  the 
opening  and  development  of  the  country  upon 
which  none  other  can  levy  a  just  claim.  The 
resources  may  be  patent,  the  surroundings  may 
be  favorable,  but  until  the  hand  takes  hold  and 
with  patient  toil  wisely  manipulates  these  re- 
sources we  would  have  only  a  barren  country 
still.  Among  the  real  builders  of  the  Lake 
Chelan  section,  he  mention  here  the  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  above,  and  who  has  mani- 
fested true  energy  and  industry  in  his  career. 

Albert  Knowles  was  born  in  Wisconsin, 
on  April  30,  1862,  the  son  of  Jonathan  and 
Lydia  (Barnard)  Knowles,  natives  of  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  from  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place,  and  when  he  was  a 
lad  went  with  the  balance  of  the  familv  to  Min- 


nesota, whence  they  returned  to  Wisconsin,  on 
account  of  the  grasshoppers.  The  mother  died 
while  they  were  en  route,  the  trip  Ijeing  made 
with  teams.  In  1890  Albert  came  to  Pomeroy, 
Washington,  and  two  years  later  went  thence 
to  the  Ruby  district,  in  Okanogan  county. 
Eight  months  later  he  returned  to  Wisconsin, 
and  for  two  years  was  engaged  in  quarry  and 
railroad  work.  Then  he  came  to  Pomeroy 
again,  and  in  1895,  he  located  in  his  present 
place.  His  farm  is  located  six  miles  northwest 
from  Chelan  and  is  improved  in  a  becoming 
manner  and  has  been  the  family  home  since  he 
located  here.  Mr.  Knowles  does  general  farm- 
ing and  also  handles  some  fruit  and  stock. 

Mr.  Knowles  has  the  following  brothers, 
Burt  and  Sherman,  and  also  three  half 
brothers,  Amos,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work,  Stephen  and  Jasper.  He  also  has  three 
sisters,  Alice  Aeron,  Nettie  Segar  and  Belle 
King. 

At  Pomeroy,  Washington,  on  September 
26,  1894,  Mr.  Knowles  married  Mrs.  Charlotte 
Sewell,  nee  Warren,  whose  parents  were  Hat 
and  Martha  Warren.  Mrs.  Knowles  has  four 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Truman,  George, 
Frank,  Fred,  and  Julia  Aton. 

Mr  Knowles  is  a  good,  active  Democrat 
and  a  man  of  substantial  qualities. 


TALMAN  TRIPP,  a  farmer  and  dairy- 
man of  Mission  creek,  Chelan  county,  was 
born  in  Missouri,  March  15,  1845.  His  father, 
Talman  Tripp,  a  native  of  Alaine,  was  of  an 
old  and  prominent  family  in  that  state.  He 
died  in  1863.  His  mother,  Ann  (Doty)  Tripp, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  dving  in  Butte.  Montana, 
1892. 

Missouri  was  the  scene  of  our  subject  s 
early  exploits,  and  there  he  attended  public 
schools  and  worked  on  farms  until  the  age  of 
twenty-seven.  His  father  was  assassinated  by 
robbers  while  he  was  returning  home  from  a 
visit  to  a  neighboring  town.  In  1864  our  sub- 
ject enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  in  Gen- 
eral Price's  command,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  Civil  war.  He  then  engaged  in 
ranching  and  in  1878  removed  to  Oregon,  set- 
tling in  the  Antelope  valley,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  He  then  came  to  Ellensburg.  \\'ash- 
ington,  engaged  for  awhile  in  mining,  and  sub- 
sequently  pre-empted   one  hundred   and  sixty 


822 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


acres  of  land.  In  1882  he  disposed  of  the  same 
and  came  to  Wenatchee  valley,  where  he  home- 
steaded  a  quarter  section,  lying  about  a  mile 
from  what  is  now  the  center  of  Wenatchee. 
This  place  he  improved,  remained  there  seven 
years,  purchased  an  interest  in  a  saw  mill,  lost 
$5,000  within  one  year,  and  then  came  to  Mis- 
sion creek,  where  he  purchased  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres  of  railroad  land  for  his  daugh- 
ter. Between  forty  and  fifty  acres  of  this  are 
under  cultivation,  devoted  to  fruit,  alfalfa  and 
cattle  raising.  Mr.  Tripp  usually  winters  forty 
or  fifty  head  of  cattle.  The  present  season  he 
has  rented  this  property. 

Our  subject  has  three  brothers  and  two  sis- 
ters living.  Warren,  William,  and  James,  of 
Ivlontana;  Anna  Wicks,  of  Oklahoma,  and 
Mattie,  wife  of  Charles  Thompson,  of  Kansas 
■City,  Missouri.  He  was  married  in  Holt 
county,  Missouri,  to  Arzilla  Brusha.  a  native 
of  Misouri.  Her  parents  were  Joseph  and 
Harriett  (Hunt)  Brusha.  Our  subject  has  one 
child,  Eva,  living  with  her  mother  at  Ballard, 
Washington.  Mr.  Tripp  is  a  Democrat,  and 
for  six  years  was  school  director  in  Wenatchee, 
Washington.  Mrs.  Tripp  has  four  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  Jacob,  of  Kansas,  John,  an 
Oklahoma  farmer,  Ezra,  of  Mission,  Elmer, 
of  Almira  Washington,  Ida,  single,  and  Cora 
B.,  wife  of  William  W.  Lee,  of  Wenatchee. 

In  1880  Mr.  Tripp  came  to  the  Wenatchee 
valley,  then  returned  to  Ellensburg,  whence 
he  came  back  here  in  1882.  His  wife  and 
daughter  Eva  accompanied  him  this  time.  He 
located  a  homestead  of  one-quarter  section,  part 
of  it  being  included  in  the  Wenatchee  townsite 
now.  They  built  a  house  from  a  ferry  caught 
in  the  river.  Mrs.  Tripp  was  the  first  white 
woman  to  live  in  the  valley  and  she  cooked  the 
first  Christmas  dinner.  The  guests  at  this  oc- 
casion were  Jacob  Bolinbaugh  and  wife,  David 
Freer  and  family,  Samuel,  Phillip,  and  George 
Miller,  Thomas  Dook,  C.  Ferguson,  and  Ralph 
Putman. 


AAIASA  S.  LINDSAY  is  one  of  the  vet- 
eran newspaper  editors  and  publishers  in 
Washington,  at  present  of  the  firm  of  Lindsay 
&  Spencer,  proprietors  of  the  Wenatchee  Ad- 
vance, Wenatchee,  Chelan  county.  Since  the 
close  of  the  Rebellion,  in  which  he  played  an 
active    and    important   part,   he   has   been   en- 


gaged  in   the   newspaper  business  almost  ex- 
clusively. 

He  was  born  at  Harper's  Ferry,  West  Vir- 
ginia.' November  4,  1842,  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Eleanor  (Rohr)  Lindsay.  The  father  was 
descended  from  one  of  the  old,  prominent  and 
influential  Maryland  families,  in  which  state 
he  was  born.  He  died  in  Geneseo.  Illinois,  in 
1862.  The  mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  Dutch  ancestrv.     She  passed  awav  in 

Until  the  age  of  eleven  years  our  subject 
was  reared  in  West  Virginia,  removing  thence 
to  Indiana  and  later  to  Illinois.  Although  a 
southerner  by  birth  he  was  among  the  earliest 
to.  attest  his  patriotism  by  enlistment  in  the 
Civil  war,  and  on  April  i,  1861,  he  joined 
Company  D,  Twenty-first  Illinois  Infantry, 
then  commanded  by  Colonel,  afterwards  Gen- 
eral Ulysses  S.  Grant.  He  re-enlisted  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1866  he 
engaged  in  the  newspaper  business  in  Illinois, 
purchasing  the  Tuscola  Journal,  which  he 
successfully  conducted  for  ten  years.  It  was 
Republican  in  politics  and  the  official  paper  of 
Douglas  county.  The  Journal.  Worthing- 
ton,  Minnesota,  was  his  ne.xt  venture,  in  which 
he  engaged  in  1877,  at  first  purchasing  a  half 
interest,  and  subsequently  taking  over  the 
whole  property.  Three  years  later  he  removed 
to  Kansas  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  An- 
thony Republican,  later  securing  control  of 
the  same.  He  served  as  postmaster  of  An- 
thony from  1882  until  1886.  In  the  latter  year 
he  removed  to  Escondido,  San  Diego  county, 
California,  where  in  partnership  with  another 
man,  he  established  the  Times,  which  they  con- 
ducted until  1892,  when  Mr.  Lindsay  came  to 
Lakeside,  Chelan  county,  then  Okanogan,  and 
put  the  Lake  Chelan  liable  on  its  feet.  This 
was  discontinued  at  the  close  of  the  first  year, 
and  the  plant  moved  to  Leavenworth.  \\'ash- 
ington.  where  our  subject  established  the 
Leavenzi'ortli  Journal,  conducting  the  same  five 
years.  On  September  8.  1898.  he  issued  the 
first  number  of  the  Jl'enatchee  Republican. 
which  he  disposed  of  in  1901.  One  year  later, 
in  company  with  Martin  P.  Spencer,  he  bought 
the  plant  and  good  will  of  the  JJ'enatchee 
Advance  from  Fred  Reeves,  with  which  jour- 
nal he  is  now  associated. 

;Mr.  Lindsay  is  an  earnest  and  influential 
worker  in  the  interest  of  the  Republican  party. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


823 


and  has  been  selected  as  a  delegate  to  every  Re- 
publican state  convention  since  he  tirst  came 
to  the  state  of  Washington.  Until  January, 
1903,  he  served  as  clerk  of  Chelan  county. 

Our  subject  has  two  brothers,  Ambrose  W'. 
and  Ellis  T.,  residents  of  Dupont,  Indiana. 
Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  Riverside  Lodge 
No.  112,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Chapter  No.  22, 
R.  A.  M.,  Wenatchee,  Washington. 

Mr.  Lindsay  owns  a  neat  and  commodious 
cottage  residence  on  Wenatchee  avenue,  near 
the  court  house. 


LOUIS  HAMILTON  BOWMAN  is  now 
conducting  a  real  estate  and  insurance  busi- 
ness in  Leavenworth,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Chelan  county.  He  has  al- 
ways been  progressive  and  active  in  business 
circles,  where  he  has  lived  and  is  a  stirring 
man  of  good  ability.  He  was  born  in  Black 
River  Falls,  Wisconsin,  on  August  17,  1858, 
the  son  of  Samuel  W.  and  Sarah  E.  (Hamil- 
ton) Bowman,  natives  of  ^^'est  Virginia  and 
Delaware,  respectively.  The  father  was  a 
banker  and  lumberman  and  now  resides  in 
South  Dakota.  The  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  Lewis  Hamilton,  a  sea  captain  and  a  pio- 
neer to  the  colonies.  Our  subject  graduated 
from  the  high  school  in  his  native  town  when 
seventeen  and  then  came  to  the  James  river 
falley,  in  Dakota.  He  opened  a  stage  line 
from  Watertown  to  a  place  he  started,  now 
known  as  Ashton.  He  did  a  real  estate  busi- 
ness in  connection  with  his  stage  line  and  as 
soon  as  the  required  sixty  settlers  were  on  the 
ground  he  inaugurated  action  for  a  separate 
county,  and  Spink  county  was  organized.  Ash- 
ton became  the  county  seat  and  so  Mr.  Bow- 
man was  instrumental  in  opening  up  an  entire 
section.  Later  he  went  to  Aberdeen  and  there 
conducted  the  largest  real  estate  business  in 
government  lands  of  any  single  individual  on 
record.  Ten  years  he  was  occupied  thus  and 
then  he  came  to  Olympia.  A  year  later,  it  be- 
ing 1892,  he  came  to  Wenatchee  and  soon 
thereafter  he  laid  out  the  towns  of  Mission  and 
Leavenworth.  His  efforts  with  A.  Gunn  and 
Frank  Reeves,  \Vhich  resulted  in  the  organi- 
zation of  Chelan  county,  are  mentioned  in  an- 
other place  in  this  work.  Mr.  Bowman  was 
eminently  successful  in  all  these  labors  and  has 


always  been  a  real  leader.  In  political  matters 
he  is  a  Republican  and  since  his  majority  has 
always  been  a  member  of  the  conventions.  He 
has  labored  for  his  party,  not  for  personal  pref- 
erment, but  for  the  welfare  of  the  communities 
where  he  has  lived,  believing  the  principles  of 
this  party  are  for  the  best  interests  of  all.  He 
is  at  present  chairman  of  the  Chelan  county 
central  committee. 

On  July  6,  1892,  Mr.  Bowman  married 
Miss  Addie  L.  Hinman,  a  native  of  Lansing, 
Michigan,  and  daughter  of  William  Hinman. 
The  father  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Lansing, 
and  there  spent  most  of  his  life.  He  died  in 
1903,  aged  eighty-three.  He  had  married  Miss 
Bush,  who  died  in  1900.  Mr.  Bowman  stands 
first-class  in  the  county,  and  has  hosts  of 
friends.  He  is  a  genial  man,  active  and  well 
informed,  and  always  allied  on  the  side  of  up- 
building and  general  improvement  in  all  lines. 


JOHN  P.  RINGSTADT.  Seven  miles 
up  the  valley  from  Entiat,  we  come  to  the  estate 
of  our  subject,  which  was  purchased  in  1901. 
Although  he  is  not  as  old  a  settler  in  the  Entiat 
valley  as  some,  nevertheless,  ]\Ir.  Ringstadt 
has  shown  himself  to  be  thoroughly  identified 
with  the  interests  of  the  country  and  his  per- 
formed labors  indicate  that  he  is  one  of  the 
thrifty  and  industrious  men  who  are  opening 
the  west  and  making  it  the  most  fertile  portion 
of  the  United  States. 

John  P.  Ringstadt  was  born  in  Scones, 
Sweden,  on  March  i,  1863.  His  parents,  Ole 
and  Helene  (Isaacson)  Nelson,  were  natives 
of  the  same  country,  where  the  mother  now 
lives,  aged  sixty-eight.  The  father  died  some 
years  since.  Our  subject  joined  the  army  at 
Ringstadt,  consecjuently  he  assumed  that  as  his 
surname  instead  of  Nelson.  He  served  seven 
years  in  the  army  after  having  secured  a  good 
education  from  the  public  schools  of  his  home 
place.  Finally,  in  1888,  after  completing  his 
service  in  tht  army,  he  left  Sweden  and  came 
to  Wausaw,  Wisconsin,  where  he  worked  in  a 
sawmill  for  six  months.  He  journeyed  from 
Wisconsin  to  Minnesota  and  did  railroading 
and  continued  to  come  west  until  be  arrived  at 
Ortonville,  then  went  to  Artichoke  lake  and 
three  years  later  came  to  Stevens  county, 
whence  in    1901    he  journeyed  to   Wenatchee 


S24 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


and  purchased  his  present  place.  The  farm 
is  vakiable  and  consists  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres,  well  watered  by  two  large  springs. 
Mr.  Ringstadt  has  a  fine  large  orchard,  good 
house,  barns  and  so  forth,  and  is  a  very  prosper- 
ous farmer.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Neils,  Charles,  Alford.  Andrew,  all  in 
Minnesota,  except  Alfred,  who  has  remained 
in  Sweden;  Christiana  and  Hannah,  living  in 
Sweden;  Caroline  and  Louisa,  both  married 
and  living  in  Ohio.  On  March  9,  1890,  at 
Ortonville,  ]Mr.  Ringstadt  married  Miss  Mary 
Olson,  a  native  of  Norway,  and  to  them  six 
children  have  been  born,  Ida,  Alva  T.,  Oscar 
H.,  Josephine  M.,  Manley,  deceased,  and  Ma- 
bel V.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ringstadt  are  staunch 
members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  In  politi- 
cal matters  he  is  a  well  informed  Republican. 
Mr.  Ringstadt  holds  the  position  of  school  di- 
rector and  is  a  warm  advocate  of  first-class 
educational  facilities  and  general  improvement. 


JULIUS  M.  PETERSON,  of  the  firm  of 
Pope  &  Peterson,  liverymen  of  Chelan,  is  one 
of  the  industrious  and  substantial  business  men 
of  the  county  and  has  spent  some  time  in  this 
section.  He  was  born  in  Denmark,  on  May 
23,  1872,  the  son  of  L.  C.  and  Christine  (Jun- 
son)  Peterson,  also  natives  of  Denmark.  The 
father  died  in  1895,  but  the  mother  still  lives 
in  South  Dakota.  The  first  seven  years  of  our 
subject's  life  were  spent  in  his  native  land, 
where  he  acquired  an  education,  then  he  came 
with  the  balance  of  the  family  to  South  Da- 
kota. For  ten  years  he  made  his  home  there, 
then  went  to  Colorado,  after  which  he  returned 
to  Dakota,  then  journeyed  west  to  Salt  Lake 
and  finally  located  in  Chelan.  For  some  time 
he  was  in  the  employ  of  Lyman  R.  Holt,  and  in 
1903  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  livery 
and  transfer  business  named  above.  They  now 
meet  all  the  boats  with  passenger  rigs  and  do  a 
general  livery  business  in  addition.  Mr.  Peter- 
son has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Nels,  Christ  M.,  Alford,  Emanuel  and  Louis, 
all  in  Dakota ;  A.  P.  in  Yakima  county,  Wash- 
ington; Trina,  wife  of  C.  Sornson,  in  North 
Yakima;  Christina,  wife  of  C.  Hanson,  in 
South  Dakota;  Carrie,  wife  of  James  Mont- 
gomery, in  South  Dakota ;  and  Victoria,  single 
and  living  at  home. 


Mr.  Peterson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  in  political  matters  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can. He  has  never  yet  seen  fit  to  vacate  the 
ranks  of  the  jolly  bachelors  for  the  uncertain 
seas   of   matrimonial   life. 


GEORGE  L.  ROWSE,  who  now  resides  at 
Seattle,  is  one  of  the  energetic  men  engaged  in 
opening  the  great  deposits  of  wealth  in  Chelan 
county.  He  is  president  of  The  Cascade  Con- 
solidated Mining  and  Smelting  Company, 
which  owns  some  valuable  property  near  Doubt- 
ful Lake  in  the  Stehekin  mining  district.  This 
group  consists  of  seventeen  claims,  each  of 
which  shows  excellent  values  and  true  fissure 
veins.  The  company  is  now  engaged  in  driv- 
ing a  tunnel  that  will  tap  each  vein  at  an  ex- 
tended depth,  which  has  already  shown  great 
bodies  of  ore.  The  properties  are  right  on  the 
survey  of  the  railroad  through  the  western 
part  of  Chelan  county  and  in  a  short  time  will 
begin  shipping.  Experts  assure  us  that  w^hen 
the  bodies  are  opened  up,  they  will  be  among 
the  heaviest  producers  of  the  west. 

George  L.  Rowse  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
the  son  of  David  and  Lydia  (Pines)  Rowse, 
also  natives  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  mother's  an- 
cestors descended  from  the  Beckwith  family, 
who  landed  in  Connecticut  in  1632.  The  other 
children  of  the  family  are  Charles,  Marion, 
William,  Augustine.  Eunice,  Rebecca,  Eliza 
and  Helena.  The  father  died  when  George  wis 
ten  years  of  age.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  the  high  school  in 
Farmington,  Maine.  After  that,  he  worked  at 
brickmaking  in  Lewiston  and  Portland.  In 
1876,  he  went  to  Virginia  to  get  out  ship  tim- 
ber but  soon  journeyed  west  to  the  Black  Hills 
on  account  of  the  gold  excitement.  Later,  he 
drifted  out  to  the  Big  Horn  and  went  down  that 
to  the  Missouri  and  made  his  way  by  skiflf  and 
steamer  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  Tlience  he  started 
to  California  but  the  mines  in  Navada  detained 
him  and  he  delved  there  for  gold  until  1882.  In 
that  year,  he  came  to  Puget  Sound  and  did  log- 
ging. In  1885,  Air.  Rowse  with  his  partner. 
J.  C.  Rouse,  took  a  canoe  from  Mt.  Vernon  and 
went  up  the  Skagit  river  to  a  point  now  called 
Marble  IMountain  and  then  followed  up  the 
Cascade  river  to  Cascade  Falls.  They  discov- 
ered the  mineral  belt  now  known  as  the  Cas- 


GEORGE    L,   ROWSE. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


82.^ 


cade  and  Stehekin  mining  district.  And  also 
visited  Doubtful  Lake,  so  named  from  some 
United  States  surveyors.  On  September  2,  of 
this  year,  he  located  the  Doubtful  and  Quien 
Sabe  mines,  now  a  part  of  the  group  above 
mentioned.  In  the  following  May,  having  gone 
across  the  range  in  company  with  two  others, 
all  carrying  their  provisions,  he  made  a  trip 
westward  to  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Chelan  and 
from  thence,  made  their  way  to  Meadow  creek 
and  finally  by  raft  to  the  Indian  village  of  Wap- 
ato,  being  greatly  depleted  by  lack  of  food.  The 
Indians  pleasantly  greeted  them  and  a  squaw 
showed  them  to  a  canoe  crossing  of  the  Colum- 
bia river.  They  crossed  to  the  east  side  and 
found  a  store  kept  by  Chinamen  in  a  dugout, 
where  they  were  able  to  procure  flour  and  salt. 
They  returned  to  the  Indian  village  and  got  a 
tub  of  butter  made  by  the  squaws.  Securing  a 
skifi"  from  Chief  Wapato,  they  returned  to  the 
head  of  Lake  Chelan  and  arrived  at  Doubtful 
Lake  in  time  to  celebrate  the  fourth  of  July.  In 
1889,  Mr.  Rowse  located  the  famous  Boston 
mines  in  the  Cascade  district.  Only  assessment 
work  was  done  on  these  various  properties  for 
se\'eral  years.  In  1898.  ]\Ir.  Rowse  joined  the 
rush  to  Alaska  and  took  a  claim  on  Seventy 
mile  creek.  In  the  fall,  he  returned  to  Dawson 
to  work  in  a  claim  on  Bonanza  creek.  The  fol- 
lowing year,  he  went  to  Nome  and  thence  to 
Seattle  by  way  of  Dutch  Harbor,  fully  con- 
vinced that  there  was  no  more  favorable  min- 
ing country  than  Washington.  Mr.  Rowse 
gives  his  entire  time  and  energy  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  properties  above  mentioned  and 
with  great  promises  of  success. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Rowse  and  Miss  Net- 
tie G.  Boles,  occurred  at  Chehalis  on  September 
29,  1891. 

Mr.  Rowse  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  the 
W.  W.  He  is  a  strong  Democrat,  being  greatly 
enthused  with  the  doctrines  propounded  by  ^Ir. 
Brvan. 


\yiLL  S.  DREW  resides  at  Chelan,  Wash- 
ington. He  is  one  of  the  well  known 
men  in  Chelan  county,  and  has  oper- 
ated quite  extensively  in  this  and  adja- 
cent sections  in  mining  and  civil  engi- 
neering. He  was  born  in  Fremont  county, 
Iowa,  on  April  8,  1866,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Margaret  (Martin)  Drew,  natives  of  Sul- 


livan, Illinois,  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The 
father  was  one  of  the  gold  seekers  to  Californa 
in  early  days  and  made  three  trips  across  the 
plains.  The  mother's  father  was  one  of  the 
very  early  settlers  in  Indiana  and  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  under  General  Har- 
rison. He  was  a  distinguished  rifle  shot,  as 
also  is  our  subject,  who  has  won  many  prizes, 
both  in  the  East  and  in  the  West,  in  ^•arious 
contests.  Our  subject  has  two  brothers.  Elliot, 
living  at  Point  Lookout,  Utah,  and  Stephen  H., 
living  in  Chelan.  He  also  has  two  sisters.  Me- 
ridian, wife  of  William  Watson,  of  Hamburg, 
Iowa,  and  Olivia,  wife  of  A.  L.  Grove,  of 
Chelan. 

Our  subject  left  Iowa  in  1883  and  locate i 
in  Nebraska,  where  he  entered  the  employ  o^ 
Robert  Compton.  a  cattle  man.  Later  we  see 
him  at  Sheridan,  Wyoming,  engaged  in  sur- 
veying. Thence  he  came  to  L'tah.  where  he 
was  foreman  of  the  Bear  River  Irrigation  and 
0^',TlfiTi  \^"ater  \Vorks  Company  for  two  years 
and  assistant  engineer  one  year.  Then  he  came 
to  the  state  of  Washington  and  for  two  years 
held  the  position  of  observer  for  the  geological 
survey  party  in  the  L'nited  States  engineering 
department,  operating  in  Okanogan  and  ad- 
jacant  counties.  He  is  now  forest  ranger,  hav- 
ing been  appointed  by  the  secretary  of  the  in- 
terior. 

At  Brighton  City,  Utah,  in  1899.  Mr.  Drew 
married  Miss  Minnie  Johnson,  whose  father, 
William  Johnson,  was  a  freighter  on  the  plains 
for  years.  He  was  later  engaged  in  the  stock 
business  in  L'^tah.  where  he  now  lives.  To  ]\Ir. 
and  Mrs.  Drew  one  child  has  been  born,  Clif- 
ford Lincoln. 


JAMES  H.  HOLDEN,  one  of  the  rich 
mining  men  of  Chelan  county,  has  been  instru- 
mental in  carrying-  forward  this  industry  in 
such  a  successful  manner  that  he  has  added 
great  interest  and  impetus  to  it,  which  has 
brought  prominence  and  wealth  to  this  county. 

He  was  born  in  Springfield,  Minnesota,  on 
March  13,  i860,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Margaret  (Blansfield)  Holden.  natives  of  New 
York  and  Ireland,  respectively,  and  now  living 
in  Denison,  Iowa,  the  former  aged  seventy- 
four  and  the  latter  eighty.  Our  subject  has  one 
brother,  Joseph,  and  one  sister,  Nellie  Wassan. 
James  H.  received  his  education  in  New  York 


826 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


state  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  came  west  to 
Nevada  and  engaged  in  the  mines  at  Virginia 
City  and  other  points.  Later,  he  went  to  Cah- 
fornia  and  entered  tlie  office  of  his  uncle,  a 
jDrominent  attorney  in  San  Francisco.  After 
some  time  spent  in  this  capacity,  he  returned 
to  New  York  and  opened  a  grocery,  which  was 
later  burned.  Following  that,  he  came  to 
Iowa  and  worked  in  the  store  for  some  years. 
Being  economically  inclined  Mr.  Holden  saved 
considerable  money  and  went  into  business 
again.  Later  he  sold  his  interest  to  his  part- 
ner and  came  to  Denver.  He  traveled  to  va- 
rious portions  of  Colorado,  finally  went  to 
sampling  ore  for  a  leading  smelter.  After 
this,  with  two  partners,  he  located  the  Colorado 
central  mines  and  in  a  short  time  was  sampling 
ore  on  his  own  property.  In  thirteen  months 
they  took  out  sixty-four  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  ore,  and  later  Mr.  Holden  spent  the 
greater  portion  of  it  in  various  mining  inter- 
ests. After  this  he  came  to  Seattle  and  went  to 
work  clerking  at  fifty  dollars  per  month,  and 
six  months  later  he  was  at  Port  Angeles,  re- 
cei\-ing  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per 
month.  Some  months  after  that  he  went  into 
business  for  himself  again.  He  operated  in 
various  capacities  in  business  for  himself,  some- 
times gaining,  and  sometimes  meeting  with 
adversity,  until  1884,  when  he  went  to  the 
Chelan  country.  He  went  away  once  and 
returned  in  1896,  in  July  of  which  year 
he  located  the  Big  Holden  mines  on  Rail- 
road creek.  Some  idea  of  the  extensive  ore 
deposits  of  these  mines  may  be  gathered  from 
the  fact  that  the  owners  have  contracted  to 
furninsh  the  smelter  that  is  to  be  put  in  on 
Railroad  creek  with  five  hundred  thousand 
tons  of  smelting  ore.  A  road  is  to  be  graded  to 
the  property  and  it  promises  to  be  one  of  the 
large  mines  of  the  northwest. 

On  April  11,  1898,  at  Chelan,  Mr.  Holden 
married  Aliss  Alma  Lord,  and  one  child,  J. 
Harold,  has  been  born  to  them. 


HARVEY  THOMPSON,  of  Lakeside, 
Chelan  county,  is  a  carpenter  and  builder,  and 
a  most  estimable  and  popular  citizen.  He 
was  born  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in  1853, 
the  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Ernest) 
Thompsiin.     The     father     was     a     native     of 


Indiana,  his  parents,  of  Scotch  ances- 
try, first  settling  in  Kentucky  and  later  remov- 
ing to  Indiana.  John  Thompson  went  to  Cali- 
fornia via  the  Isthmus,  in  1849,  but  returned 
in  1852  and  enlisted  as  an  artisan  in  the  regular 
army,  going  to  Des  Moines,  with  his  regiment. 
Thence  he  went  to  Omaha,  where  he  erected 
the  first  saw  and  grist  mill  in  what  is  now 
known  as  South  Omaha.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  Pike's  Peak  pioneers,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  freighting  until  the  opening  of  the 
Civil  war,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  C, 
Twenty-ninth  Iowa  Volunteers,  and  served 
gallantly  through  the  entire  war,  being 
wounded  three  times.  F"ollowing  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  employed  in  the  government 
arsenal  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  about  a  year. 
Thence  he  came  home  to  his  farm,  north  of 
Council  BlufTs.  He  still  lives  at  Missouri  Val- 
ley Junction.  In  earlier  days  he  was  recog- 
nized as  a  noted  Indian  fighter.  The  mother 
is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  her  family  having 
come  from  Virginia.  They  were  of  Scotch  an- 
cestry, and  pioneers  of  the  Jamestown  settle- 
ment. 

Harvey  Thompson  lived  in  Iowa  until  his 
thirteenth  year,  going  thence  to  Cheyenne  and 
Laramie,  Wyoming,  where  he  learned  teleg- 
raphy and  was  known  as  the  "kid  operator." 
He  worked  along  the  Union  Pacific  and  Cen- 
tral Pacific  railroads  to  Utah,  Nevada 
and  California.  On  his  return  home  he 
attended  a  business  college  at  Keokuk, 
Iowa,  one  year,  and  then  went  to  Sac- 
ramento, California.  During  two  vears 
he  was  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
company,  in  California,  thence  returning  to 
Iowa,  where  he  entered  the  railroad  shops  at 
Missouri  Valley  Junction,  remaining  several 
years.  He  passed  one  winter  in  Florida  and 
Louisiana,  then  went  to  Ouray,  Colorado,  and 
was  eng'aged  in  mining  and  building  four 
years.  Since  that  period  he  has  lived  in  the  ex- 
treme west ;  he  has  traveled  in  Old  Mexico,  and 
has  been  to  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

In  1900  Mr.  Thompson  came  to  Lake  Che- 
lan where  he  intends  to  remain,  being  favorably 
impressed  with  the  climate  and  the  surround- 
ing attractions.  He  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  William,  a  farmer  of  Logan,  low  a ; 
John,  a  mining  man  at  Emmett.  Idaho;  Mar- 
tha, wife  of  Marion  Wakefield.  Boise.  Idaho; 
anil  Marv,  single,  of  Denver,  Colorado. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


827 


]\Ir.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  Ouray. 
Colorado,  Lodge  No.  30,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  which 
is  past  noble  grand.  He  owns  some  farm  prop- 
erty in  Nebraska  and  Iowa,  which  he  rents. 
He  is  a  Republican. 


OSCAR  A.  HOAG.  One  of  the  model 
farms  of  the  Lake  Chelan  country  is  owned 
and  operated  by  the  subject  of  this  article.  It 
lies  four  miles  west  of  Lakeside  and  is  a  pro- 
ducer of  diversified  crops  of  fruits,  vegetables, 
grains  and  so  forth.  Air.  Hoag  is  classed  as 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  Chelan  county  and 
an  account  of  his  life  will  be  interesting  to  the 
readers  of  this  volume. 

Oscar  A.  Hoag  was  born  in  Allamakee 
county,  Iowa,  October  3,  1856,  the  son  of  A. 
W.  and  Celestine  (Dye)  Hoag,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  came  from  an  old  and  in- 
fluential Quaker  family,  which  is  and  has  been 
very  prominent  politically  and  commercially. 
He  died  in  I\Iarch,  1898;  the  mother  died  in 
1888. 

Oscar  A.  was  well  educated  in  Iowa  and 
Missouri,  spending  eleven  years  in  the  former 
state  and  twenty-three  in  the  latter.  His  vo- 
cation was  that  of  the  agriculturist,  and  in  1891 
he  became  interested  in  the  western  country, 
especially  through  the  papers  in  the  Lake  Che- 
lan district.  Upon  coming  out  to  investigate 
he  ascertained  that  the  wealth  was  fully  equal 
to  the  description  and  he  immeiliately  tiled  on 
a  homestead,  on  which  he  later  proved  up,  and 
since  that  time  has  shown  his  skill  and  wisdom 
in  conducting  one  of  the  best  estates  in  this 
vicinity. 

Mr.  Hoag  has,  himself,  been  a  very  active 
and  iniluential  man  in  political  matters.  For 
several  years  he  was  an  organizer  and  officer 
in  the  Farmers'  Alliance,  and  lectured  exten- 
sively through  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Wash- 
ington. In  1897  h^  l^ft  the  ranks  of  the  Peo- 
ples party  and  allied  himself  with  Democracy. 
In  the  following  }-ear  he  was  appointed  state 
road  commissioner  by  Governor  Rogers,  and 
did  excellent  work  in  that  capacity  for  one 
year.  In  1900  Mr.  Hoag's  name  appeared  on 
the  Democratic  ticket  as  candidate  for  state 
representative.  Although  he  ran  ahead  of  his 
ticket  he  was  beaten  by  less  than  sixty  votes. 
He  is  now  chairman  of  the  county  central  com- 


mittee and  is  also  a  state  committeeman.  Mr. 
Hoag  has  two  brothers,  Wilbur  C.  and  Clark 
W. 

On  January  2,  1879,  Air.  Hoag  married 
Miss  Addie  F.,  daughter  of  William  H.  and 
Amy  A.  Hoag.  The  wedding  occurred  in 
West  Union,  Missouri.  Mr.  Hoag  has  two 
brothers,  C.  W.  and  W.  C,  the  former  living 
in  Kansas  and  the  latter  in  Missouri,  and  three 
deceased.  Mrs.  Hoag  has  four  brothers, 
Alasco,  Alva,  Walter  and  Charles,  and  three 
sisters,  Ella  Curtis,  Ada  Sanders,  and  Eva 
Dodd.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoag  three  children 
have  been  born.  Otto  T.,  Edna  A.,  wife  of 
Louis  E.  Dart,  who  has  a  farm  adjoining  that 
of  our  subject,  and  Lilly  M. 


CLINTON  C.  CAMPBELL,  proprietor 
of  the  Flotel  Chelan,  Chelan,  Washington,  was 
born  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio,  September  12, 
1855.  His  father,  Daniel,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
was  of  Scotch  ancestry,  of  the  famous  Clan 
Campbell.  He  died  at  Chelan  in  1902.  The 
mother,  Eliza  (  Fluke)  Campbell,  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, of  Dutch  descent,  died  in  Iowa,  in 
1894- 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  Ohio  until  1859, 
when  his  family  removed  to  Illinois  and  thence 
to  Iowa,  in  1863,  and  while  here  he  attended 
the  Mt.  Pleasant  Academy  and  pursued  a  law 
course  in  the  Iowa  State  University,  Iowa 
City.  In  1880  he  was  admitted  to  practice, 
which  he  continued  seven  or  eight  years.  He 
was  police  magistrate  for  two  years  in  Sioux 
City,  Iowa.  In  1890  he  came  to  Chelan,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business.  He  \n- 
cated  a  homestead,  which  he  later  relinquished, 
and  has  bought  and  sold  considerable  town 
real  estate,  and  still  owns  much  property.  Mr. 
Campbell  built  the  first  modern  frame  house 
in  Okanogan  county,  at  that  period  embracing 
this  portion  of  Chelan  county.  In  building  the 
Auditorium  in  Chelan  he  was  the  prime  mover, 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  public 
enterprises,  and  has  been  police  magistrate 
since  the  incorporation  of  the  town.  He  has 
six  brothers  living,  Howard  S.,  Samuel  M., 
Madison  R.,  Phillip  F.,  Elmore  P.,  and  Lewis 
C.  He  also  has  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Ed- 
monds, of  Chelan,  and  Mrs.  Catherine  A.  Lots- 
plich,  who  died  in  Nebraska,  in  18S8. 


828 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Our  subject  was  married  Tune  15,  1887,  at 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  Carrie  E.  Sparks,  born  in 
St.  Paul.  ]\Iinnesota,  in  1859.  She  moved  to 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  in  1866,  and  taught  ten  years 
in  the  pu1)lic  schools  there.  Her  father,  Will- 
iam, was  one  of  Minnesota's  earliest  settlers, 
and  later  removed  to  Sioux  City,  where  he  built 
and  operated  the  first  planing  mill  of  the  place. 
He  died  in  1887.  Mrs.  Campbell  has  two 
l)rothers,  John  and  Thomas,  two  half  brothers, 
William  and  George,  and  three  sisters.  Alex- 
andria, wife  of  C.  N.  Martin,  of  Sioux  City, 
Catherine  and  Lilu,  both  of  Sioux  City.  She 
has  one  son,  Arthur  C,  residing  at  home.  Mr. 
Campbell  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Re- 
bekahs.  W.  \\'.  and  K.  P. 


HON.  AMOS  EDMUNDS,  the  present 
mayor  of  Chelan,  is  one  of  the  prominent  men 
of  this  section,  and  has  shown  his  appreciation 
of  the  resources  of  this  favored  region  by  va- 
rious investments  here.  His  first  was  the  erec- 
tion, in  1901,  of  that  sightly  edifice  now  known 
and  operated  as  the  Hotel  Chelan. 

The  town  of  Chelan  was  incorporated  in 
April,  1902,  and  Mr.  Edmunds  was  elected 
Mayor.  At  the  close  of  his  first  term  he  was 
re-elected  without  opposition. 

Amos  Edmunds  was  born  in  Henderson 
county,  Illinois,  February  28,  1849,  the  son  of 
Daniel  and  Eliza  J.  (Logan)  Edmunds.  His 
father  was  born  in  New  York  state  and  came  to 
Illinois  in  1836,  and  died  there  in  1889,  having 
been  a  prominent  and  much  respected  citizen. 

Amos  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and 
formed  industrious  habits  early  in  life.  He 
was  partly  educated  at  the  Illinois  Agricultural 
College,  now  known  as  the  "University  of  Il- 
linois." He  was  one  of  the  early  students  of 
that  institution,  having  entered  soon  after  it 
opened. 

Mr.  Edmunds  began  farming  for  himself 
in  1871,  and  some  years  later  became  quite 
prominent  as  a  dairyman  and  blooded  cattle 
breeder. 

His  trade  for  blooded  animals  extended 
over  the  entire  continent  and  he  was  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leaders  in  his  line  of  business. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  served  his 
district  in  Illinois  in  the  state  legislature,  in 


^Ir.  Edmunds  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Logan,  of  Gilman,  Illinois; 
James,  of  Lenox,  Iowa;  Susan  E.,  wife  of  Dr. 
L.  O.  Lockwood,  of  Gilman,  Illinois;  and  Ab- 
bie,  wife  of  S.  G.  Miller,  of  Disco,  Illinois. 

Mr.  Edmunds  visited  Lake  Chelan  during 
the  summer  of  1900,  and  being  so  impressed 
with  its  beauty  and  favorable  location,  he  came 
hither  from  LaHarpe.  Illinois,  with  his  family 
in  March,  1901. 

On  December  15,  1875,  Mr.  Edmunds 
married  Miss  Mary  A.  Campbell  at  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant, Iowa.  She  was  born  in  Ohio  and  is  a  sister 
to  Judge  C.  C.  Campbell,  proprietor  of  the 
Hotel  Chelan,  of  this  place,  and  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  volume. 

Two  children  were  born  to  this  marriage, 
Clara  E.,  a  graduate  of  Knox  College,  Gales- 
burg,  Illinois.  She  came  to  Chelan  as  a 
teacher,  in  the  year  1900,  and  taught  in  the 
public  schools  for  two  years.  She  was  married 
to  Mr.  Chester  G.  Ridout  November  9,  1903. 

The  other  child.  Palmer  Daniel,  is  now  a 
school  boy  in  the  Chelan  public  school. 

Since  locating  at  Chelan,  Mr.  Edmunds 
has  taken  an  active  interest  and  worked  faith- 
fully to  advance  every  public  enterprise,  and  in 
his  judgment  Chelan,  and  the  Chelan  country 
have  a  most  bright  and  promising  future. 


PHILIP  MILLER,  the  most  prominent 
and  extensive  farmer  and  fruit  grower  in  the 
vicinity  of  Wenatchee.  Chelan  county,  is,  also,, 
one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  in  that  productive 
locality.  He  is  a  German  by  birth,  the  date  of 
his  nativity  being  February  28,  1835. 

His  father,  Jacob  Miller,  a  German  miner. 
died  in  1870.  followed  four  years  after  by  his 
mother,  Katherine  (Bastean)  ]\Iiller.  At  the 
age  of  nineteen,  in  1854,  our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  for  several  years  he  led  a 
life  of  vicissitude  and  adventure.  He  at  first 
located  in  Pennsylvania  and  followed  the  trade 
of  a  carpenter,  subsequently  going  to  Minne- 
sota. At  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War,  he  was 
in  Missouri,  and  he  promptly  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany C.  Third  regiment  of  the  Home  Guards  of 
that  state,  and  served  with  distinction  until 
mustered  out  in  1864.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Shiloh,  Fort  Donelson  and  many 
other  serious  engagements  and  skirmishes.  He 
received  one  slight  flesh  wound. 


PHILIP    MILLER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


>29 


Removing  to  Montana  in  1865  he  worked 
at  his  trade  and  prospected  for  mineral.  Dur- 
ing the  seven  years  of  his  mining  career  he 
was  quite  successful  in  Confederate  Gulch, 
where  he  panned  out  five  thousand  dollars  the 
first  year.  It  was  in  1872  that  he  came  to 
^Vashington,  locating  at  first  near  EUensburg, 
where  for  t\\-o  or  three  years  he  engaged  in 
stock-raising.  He  then  came  to  his  present 
home,  where  he  has  four  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  forty  acres  of  which  are  devoted  to 
grapes  and  other  varieties  of  fruit,  and  two 
hundred  acres  to  alfalfa.  In  igoi  he  disposed 
of  his  stock,  with  the  exception  of  twelve  horses 
and  his  attention  is  now  entirely  given  to  fruit 
and  hay.  At  the  time  the  railroad  first  came 
through  his  vicinity  he  was  offered  forty-five 
thousand  dollars  for  his  property.  He  annu- 
ally disposes  of  from  five  to  six  thousand  boxes 
of  fruit  and  one  thousand  tons  of  hay.  He  lives 
in  a  fine  cottage  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  a 
broad  veranda,  and  magnificently  shaded  by  a 
luxuriant  grove.  The  fruit-packing  house  is 
thirty  by  fifty  feet  in  size,  and  his  hens  are  shel- 
tered in  a  structure  that  cost  four  hundred  dol- 
lars. He  controls  the  most  extensive  ranch  in 
the  valley  and  it  is  one  of  the  sights  frequently 
sought  out  by  visiting  strangers. 

Mrs.  Miller  was,  formerly,  Miss  Lena  Ruhl 
and  was  united  to  her  husband  at  Spokane  in 
the  fall  of  1892.  She  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
l30th  of  her  parents  being  dead.  She  has  one 
brother  in  Germany,  and  one  sister,  Lizzie,  wife 
of  John  Rupp,  of  Wenatchee.  She  is  the  mother 
of  one  son,  Emil  H.,  residing  at  home.  Mr. 
r^Iiller  has  two  brothers  living,  Joseph,  at  We- 
natchee, and  Peter,  at  ]\Ialaga,  Washington. 
Both  of  them  are  well  known  stock  raisers. 

^Ir.  Miller  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic church.  His  wife  is  a  Lutheran.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican,  although  not  a  parti- 
san, and  seldom  very  active  in  politics.  He  is 
a  man  of  excellent  Imsiness  ability,  popular 
with  all,  and  highly  respected  in  the  com- 
munitv. 


management  of  the  resources  placed  within  his 
hands.  He  has  a  fund  of  excellent  business 
ability  and  his  genial  ways  have  won  for  him 
hosts  of  friends. 

Walter  M.  Olive  was  bom  in  St.  John.  New 
Brunswick,  on  November  15,  1875,  the  son  of 
Herbert  J.  and  Isabella  (McHenry)  Olive,  na- 
tives of  New  Brunswick.  The  father  comes 
from  a  long  line  of  pioneers  in  his  native  place 
who  were  of  English  ancestry.  He  with  his  wife 
now  dwells  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  mother  is  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
Bill  family.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place  until  sixteen  and  then 
entered  McGill  College,  Montreal,  whence  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1895.  For  two  years 
subsequent,  he  traveled  in  the  LTnited  States  to 
secure  relief  from  asthma.  In  1897  he  settled 
in  Mission  and  now  is  entirely  recovered  from 
his  complaint.  For  a  time  Mr.  01i\'e  wrought 
on  a  farm,  coming  here  without  capital,  then 
opened  in  the  hardware  business  where  he  has 
won  a  manifest  success.  In  1900  he  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster.  He  owns  considerable 
property  as  fruit  farm,  ditch  stock,  town  prop- 
erty, and  so  forth,  in  addition  to  his  mercantile 
interests.  Mr.  Olive  also  handles  considerable 
real  estate.  He  has  two  sisters,  Harriett  Scam- 
mell,  wife  of  C.  C.  War,d,'  of  Seattle:  and 
Mabel  C,  wife  of  Marion  Chase.-  of  North 
Yakima.  Mr.  01i\-e  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  of  the  Elks,  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.,  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  and  of  the  Eagles.  He  is  a  strong 
Republican  and  is  a  member  of  the  state 
central  committee.  Mr.  Olive  is  prominent  in 
his  county  and  is  known  as  a  man  of  public 
mind,  patriotism  and  always  ready  to  assist 
any  measure  for  the  general  welfare.  His  wife 
was  Ida  L.  Foster,  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 


WALTER  M.  OLIVE,  a  leading  and  ex- 
tensive hardware  merchant  in  Mission,  is  also 
postmaster  of  the  town,  is  a  man  of  great  pop- 
ularity and  has  achieved  a  gratifying  success. 
The  success  which  ha?  crowned  the  labors  of 
Mr.  Olive  is  due  to  careful  industry  and  wise 


WILLIAM  SCOTT  NEWLAND,  who 
dwells  at  Peshastin,  in  Chelan  county,  has  had 
a  wide  experience  in  pioneer  life.  He  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Virginia,  on  May  25, 
1839,  the  son  of  Llewelyn  C.  and  Eliza  (Haw- 
thorne) Newland.  natives  of  Virginia.  The 
other  children  of  the  family  were  ^Martha  B.. 
wife  of  James  R.  Deadmore,  of  Abingdon,  Vir- 
ginia: Mary,  wife  of  D.  Elmore  Swails,  of 
Jacksonville,   Illinois.     Our  subject  was  edu- 


830 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


cated  in  his  native  place  and  in  i860,  went  to 
Leavenworth.  Kansas,  whence  he  journeyed 
to  Pike's  Peak  during  the  gold  excitement.  He 
washed  gold  in  California  gulch  from  i860  to 
1863,  then  went  to  Montana  in  the  fall  of  the 
latter  year.  He  mined  in  Alder  gulch  for  two 
years,  then  went  to  Last  Chance  gulch,  near 
Helena,  Montana,  and  was  in  that  place  when 
it  consisted  of  but  one  cabin  occupied  by  John 
Cowen.  From  thence  he  went  to  Ophir  gulch 
then  to  Bear  gulch  and  engaged  in  mining.  He 
also  dug  gold  in  Deep  gulch  and  owned  some 
of  the  most  valuable  placer  property  there.  He 
came  to  Washington  in  1866,  settling  in  Walla 
Walla  county,  near  Dayton.  He  engaged  in 
stock  raising  and  in  the  livery  business,  and 
later  purchased  the  Penewawa  ferry.  He  oper- 
ated the  same  with  his  store  when  he  was 
burned  out.  He  lost  everything  but  a  sewing 
machine,  a  feather  bed  and  a  pair  of  blankets. 
Later  he  lived  in  Pomeroy  and  also  did  mining 
in  the  Pierce  City  country.  He  moved  from 
'there  to  Badger  mountain,  in  Douglas  county, 
where  he  remained  until  he  starved  out,  as  he 
laconically  expressed  it.  Then  he  removed  to 
his  present  place,  having  a  wife  and  six  chil- 
dren to  support  and  being  possessed  of  one 
cayuse,  a  cow,  three  dollars  in  cash  and  two 
hundred  dollars  worth  of  debts.  Since  then 
Mr.  Newland  has  labored  faithfully  in  the 
work  of  developing  his  place.  He  is  one  of 
the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county. 

In  1870  Mr.  Newland  married  Miss  Sarah 
C.  Long,  in  Milton,  Washington,  and  to  them 
twelve  children  have  been  born.  Of  these  the 
following  named  are  living:  Clarence  T., 
Laura  L..  Clyde  V.,  Ralph  L.,  Cleveland  W., 
Llewlyn  C,  John  F. 

Mr.  Newland  is  a  good  strong  Democrat 
and  is  ever  laboring  for  the  welfare  of  his 
party. 


WINTER  R.  PROWELL,  who  stands  as 
one  of  the  leading  civil  engineers  of  the  state 
of  Washington,  is  at  the  present  time  county 
surveyor  of  Chelan  county  and  city  engineer  of 
Wenatchee.  While  in  the  employ  of  the  Great 
Northern  as  civil  engineer  he  was  passing 
through  Wenatchee  in  his  duties  and  became 
enamored  with  the  place  and  valley.  He  im- 
mediately resigned  his  position  and  settled  here. 
He  took  up  the  furniture  business  and  also  was 


acti\-e  in  field  work  in  his  profession.  Later 
he  operated  a  steam  ferry  on  the  Columbia,  did 
sawmilling  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  the 
government  on  the  river  and  hartor  survey. 
Mr.  Prowell  gradually  made  himself  master  of 
the  deeper  intricacies  of  his  profession  and  in 
addition  to  handling  the  county  business,  he 
has  constructed  some  of  the  leading  irrigating 
ditches  in  this  and  other  sections  and  is  one  of 
the  best  authorities  on  that  business  in  the 
country. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal 
history  of  his  early  life,  we  note  that  Winter  R. 
Prowell  was  born  in  Lacrosse,  Wisconsin,  on 
April  16,  1868,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Leah  J. 
(Bronwell)  Prowell,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  father  comes 
from  an  old  Scotch-Irish  family  of  prominence 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  followed  plastering  and 
contracting  and  during  the  war  fought  in  a 
Pennsylvania  regiment.  Being  wounded,  he 
was  mustered  out  and  returned  to  civil  life.  His 
death  occurred  in  August,  1899.  The  mother 
comes  from  Dutch  and  French  ancestry. 

Our  subject  came  from  Lacrosse  to  Council 
Bluffs,  Iowa,  when  he  was  one  year  old.  There 
he  was  educated  until  thirteen,  when  the  family 
removed  to  Weldon,  in  which  place  he  contin- 
ued his  education,  completing  the  same  with  a 
course  in  the  commercial  college  in  Des  Moines 
and  in  Drake  University.  He  departed  from 
the  latter  institution  when  eighteen  to  accept  a 
position  as  express  messenger  from  Pasco  to" 
Ellensburg.  He  had  been  completing  his 
course  in  civil  engineering  and  then  resigned  to 
take  that  up  with  the  Northern  Pacific.  Later 
he  was  with  the  Great  Northern  and  located  at 
Wenatchee  as  stated  abo\-e.  Mr.  Prowell  has 
one  brother,  Scott  B.,  a  noted  violinist. 

On  January  31,  1894,  at  Portland,  Mr. 
Prowell  married  Miss  Alberta,  daughter  of 
William  and  Annie  Barcroft,  residents  of  Port- 
land. On  May  20,  1895,  ^Ii'S-  Prowell  was 
drowned  in  the  Columbia. 

On  May  16,  1897,  at  \\'enatchee,  :\Ir.  Pro- 
well  married  Miss  Myrtle  M..  daughter  of 
Scott  W.  and  Anna  C.  (Vest)  Phillips,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Missouri,  respectively. 
The  father  served  in  the  Civil  ^^'ar  and  is  now 
fruit  inspector  of  Chelan  county.  The  moth- 
er's father  is  a  brother  of  Senator  Vest.  Mrs. 
Prowell  was  born  in  Seattle  and  has  one  sis- 
ter, Olive,  in  Seattle.    Two  children  have  been 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


born  to  this  union,  Courtland  S.,  aged  five,  and 
Fern,  aged  two.  Mr.  Prowell  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Commercial  Club.  He 
also  belongs  to  the  civil  engineers  association 
of  the  northwest.  Politically,  Mr.  Prowell  is 
a  Republican  and  is  always  at  the  conventions. 


HERiMAN  S.  SIMMONS,  one  of  the 
most  successful  fruit  growers  in  Chelan  county, 
is  a  recognized  authority  in  horticulture.  He  re- 
sides in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Wenatchee. 

Descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  families 
of  West  Virginia,  he  was  born  August  20, 
1848.  This  was  before  the  division  of  the  state 
of  Virginia.  The  ancestors  of  his  grandpa- 
rents were  Germans.  His  father.  Valentine 
Simmons,  nearly  one  hundred  years  old,  is  still 
living  in  Missouri.  His  paternal  grandfather 
was  one  of  the  heroes  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  His  mother,  Germina  (Grimm)  Sim- 
mons, is  a  native  of  \^irginia,  her  parents  being 
old  settlers  of  the  state  of  New  York.  At  pres- 
ent she  resides  at  Valle}'  Head.  West  Virginia, 
which  has  been  her  home  for  the  past  sixty 
years. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
mining  district  of  Randolph  county.  West  Vir- 
ginia, attending  the  public  schools  and  gradu- 
ating at  a  select  academy.  He  pushed  on  west 
when  he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  and  for  four 
years  worked  on  various  railroads  in  Nebraska 
and  Wyoming.  For  twelve  years  following  he 
was  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Missouri, 
coming  to  Washington  in  1884.  His  objective 
point  was  Alaska,  but  meeting  an  old  friend  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wenatchee,  Z.  A.  Lanham,  he 
decided  to  invest  in  this  state,  and  purchased 
a  relinquishment,  upon  which  he  proved  up. 
Having  grubbed  and  broken  a  portion  of  this 
land,  of  which  he  had  a  quarter  section,  he  set 
out  peach  and  apple  trees,  and  sowed  two  acres 
of  alfalfa.  At  that  period  the  nearest  railroad 
point  was  Ellensburg,  fifty-five  miles  distant. 
Today  he  has  twenty  acres  in  fruit  and  eight 
ac'cs  in  alfalfa.  As  illustrative  of  his  success 
in  the  line  of  horticulture  he  was  presented 
with  a  gold  medal  at  the  Buffalo  Exposition,  in 
1901.  The  range  of  his  fruit  crop  now  em- 
liraces  peaches,  apples,  pears,  apricots  and  quin- 
ce:.;. At  the  Spokane  fruit  exhibition  of  1897. 
I\Ir.  Simmons  was  awarded  several  prizes,  and 


he  has  received  the  same  recognition  each  suc- 
ceeding year  since.  He  gained  seventeen  prizes 
in  1900,  and  in  1901  he  carried  away  the  first 
prize  for  the  best  general  exhibit  by  one  grower 
in  the  state  of  Washington.  In  1902  he  sold 
three  thousand  five  hundred  boxes  of  apples 
and  four  tliousand  boxes  of  peaches,  aside  from 
large  quantities  of  apricots  and  pears.  He  has 
al-.(,-  a  fine  and  profitable  vineyard. 

At  Flalfway,  Missouri,  January  12,  1879, 
Mr.  Simmons  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Martha  Myer,  a  native  of  Waco,  Texas.  Her 
father,  ^^''illiam  Myer,  deceased,  was  a  native 
of  Hanover,  Germany.  Her  mother,  also  a 
German,  was  Mary  (Kreuger)  Myer.  Mrs. 
Simmons  has  four  brothers,  William  and  H. 
Ernest,  Texas  farmers,  Benjamin  F.,  of  Half- 
way, Missouri,  and  G.  Augustus  INIyer,  a  phy- 
sician residing  in  Buffalo,  Missouri. 

Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Simmons,  Minnie  L  and  Mabel.  Their 
home  is  a  cozy  cottage,  one  and  a  half  stories 
high,  and  surrounded  by  luxuriant  shade  trees, 
making  it  an  ideal  Washington  residence.  The 
daughter,  Minnie,  is  studying  medicine  in  the 
Barnes  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
and  is  a  graduate  in  pharmacy  from  the  Va- 
shon  College,  Washington.  She  is  a  devoted 
student  and  a  highly  accomplished  young  lady. 

Mr.  Simmons  is  an  active  and  earnest 
worker  in  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  been 
frequently  cho.-en  as  a  delegate  to  county  con- 
\-entions.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  We- 
natchee Ledge  No.  157,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the 
Eagles.  He  is  also  prominent  in  the  member- 
ship of  the  famous  Diamond  "C"  Club,  of  We- 
natchee. 


WTLLIAM  B.  PATON,  an  enterprising 
and  successful  fruit  grower,  near  Mission,  Che- 
lan county,  is  a  "westerner."  having  been  born 
in  Minnesota,  January  4.  1866.  His  father, 
James  C.  Paton,  is  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land. He  emigrated  to  this  country  at  the  age 
of  nine  years,  and  is  now  living  on  a  farm  two 
miles  west  of  Mission.  The  mother,  Anna 
(Johnson)  Paton,  was  born  in  Vermont,  the 
daughter  of  W.  B.  Johnson,  a  member  of  a 
family  that  settled  in  New  England  at  an  early 
day. 

Coming  west  at  a  youthful  period  of  his 
life,  our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 


832 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Dakota,  (now  Xortli  Dakota).  Subsequently 
he  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter,  worked  on 
his  father's  farm  until  gaining  his  majority,  and 
then  began  the  world's  work  on  his  own  ac- 
count. In  1894  he  came  to  Mission,  purchased 
twelve  acres  of  land  and  set  out  an  orchard.  In 
1896  he  set  up  the  first  sawmill  and  bo.x-factory 
in  the  county,  which  he  successfully  conducted 
until  June,  1902.  Since  that  period  he  has  de- 
voted his  entire  attention  to  his  farm.  Last 
year  he  shpped  four  hundred  boxes  of  apples, 
besides  many  berries.  He  has  four  brothers 
living,  Grant,  Fred,  Jay  and  James,  and  three 
sisters,  Esther  Spiller,  Anna  Clark  and  Ruth, 
the  latter  living  at  home. 

At  Caledonia,  North  Dakota,  May  27,  1891, 
our  subject  was  married  to  Mazzie  E.  Wright, 
a  native  of  Guelph,  Canada.  Her  father  and 
mother,  David  W.  and  Catherine  (Jones) 
Wright,  are  both  Canadians  and  they  now  live 
one  and  a  half  miles  from  Mission.  Mrs.  Paton 
has  one  brother,  Andrew  A.,  and  one  sister, 
Gertrude  K.,  wife  of  our  subject's  brother, 
Fred.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Paton,  Fred,  aged  ten,  and  Esther,  aged 
nine  years.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Paton  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Mission  camp,  No.  5856, 
and  of  the  Royal  Neighbors.  Politically,  he  is 
in  sympathy  with  the  Democratic  party.  They 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  at 
Mission.  He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  with 
whom  he  is  associated. 


CHARLES  FREDERICK  BEATS  HAS- 
KELL, Deceased.  The  death  of  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  initiates  this  article,  left  to 
mourn  his  loss,  at  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  a 
widow,  Mrs.  Nettie  L.  Haskell,  one  son,  Daniel 
C,  now  a  student  at  the  Washington  Agricul- 
tural College  at  Pullman,  and  an  aged  aunt, 
Flavilla  Beals.  Mr.  Haskell  was  born  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  December  29,  1856  and  grew  to 
manhood  in  eastern  LTnited  States.  In  1880, 
he  graduated  from  the  Department  of  Engi- 
neering of  the  L^niversity  of  Vermont.  He 
was  engaged  on  the  Michigan  Central  railroad 
that  year  and  did  some  heavy  work.  Later  he 
was  with  several  Pennsylvania  railroads  as  civil 
engineer  and  in  1884  accepted  a  position  with 
the  Burlington  and  Cedar  Rapids  railroad.  He 
was  construction  engineer  for  the  St.  Paul  and 
Northern    Pacific   in    1885   and   the   following 


year  did  location  work  in  ■Minnesota.  After 
this  he  was  constantly  engaged  with  the  west- 
ern roads,  especially  with  the  Great  Northern. 
We  then  see  him  in  irrigation  work  near  Wen- 
atchee also  in  business  there  and  in  1894,  he  was 
associated  on  the  government  work  of  improv- 
ing the  Columbia.  On  I\Iay  20,  1895,  he  was 
passing  from  one  Ixiat  to  another  in  a  small 
skiff  which  was  caught  in  a  whirlpool  and  went 
down  with  all  on  board. 

Probably  the  most  important  engineering 
work  done  by  Mr.  Haskell  was  the  discovery  of 
Stevens  pass  in  the  Cascades,  through  w-hich  the 
Great  Northern  railroad  crosses  the  Cascades. 
In  the  summer  of  1890,  he  was  sent  to  e.xplore 
Nason  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Wenatchee  ri\-er, 
to  its  source.  Accompanied  by  Mr.  W.  F.  C. 
Whyte  and  a  single  packer,  he  worked  his  way 
up  the  valley,  Avhich  evidently  had  never  been 
penetrated,  and  finally  discovered  the  gap 
through  the  range  which  he  named  Stevens 
pass.  It  was  subsequently  found  to  be  the  best 
pass  and  was  chosen  for  the  route  of  that  trans- 
continental line. 

Mr.  Haskell  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  on  Oc- 
tober 7,  1 89 1. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haskell  were  united  in  mar- 
riage, January  13,  1881,  at  Vernon,  Vermont. 
She  accompanied  him  in  his  journeys  west  and 
now  dwells  in  Wenatchee.  She  was  born  in 
Dummerston,  Vermont,  on  March  i,  i860,  be- 
ing the  daughter  of  Dan  Kendall,  who  died  Au- 
gust 20,  1885.  Mrs.  Haskell's  mother  Lucretia 
J.  (Severance)  Kendall,  was  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  a  descendant  of  a  New  England 
family.  She  died  on  January  26,  1902.  ]\Irs. 
Haskell  was  reared  and  educated  in  \'ermont 
and  Massachusetts,  passing  through  district  and 
select  schools  successfully.  Then  she  spent  three 
term  in  the  Power's  Institute,  after  which  she 
matriculated  at  the  Northfield  Seminary,  in 
Massachusetts,  but  was  obliged  to  forego  grad- 
uation on  account  of  ill  health.  She  spent  some- 
time in  teaching,  both  before  studing  in  the 
seminary  and  since.  Mrs.  Haskell  has  two 
brothers  and  five  sisters. 

Mr.  Haskell  left  three  brothers,  Arthur, 
Frank  and  Walter,  and  one  sister,  Minnie  M. 
Campbell.  Mrs.  Haskell  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Wenatchee  and  her  husband 
was  deacon  of  that  organization.  He  was  also 
prominent  in  Masonic  circles. 


CHARLES    F.   B.   HASKELL. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


833 


STAPLETON  C.  HOWARD,  a  prosper- 
ous and  enterprising  farmer  and  stock  grower 
of  Mission  Creek,  Chelan  county,  is  a  Virgin- 
ian, having  been  born  in  Spottsylvania  county, 
December  25,  1844.  His  parents  were  Thomas 
and  Elizabeth  Howard,  tlie  father  a  member  of 
an  old  southern  family  of  Irish  descent.  He 
died  in  1864. 

At  the  age  of  twelve  years  our  subject  re- 
moved to  Kentucky,  and  at  the  opening  of  the 
Civil  War  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Second 
Kentucky  Calvary,  his  colonel  being  a  brother 
of  General  Morgan,  and  he  was  a  member  of 
that  wing  of  the  service  known  as  "Morgan's 
Raiders."  He  served  three  years  and  partici- 
pated in  a  number  of  sharp  skirmishes.  He  en- 
listed in  1862  and  was  in  a  federal  prison  eigh- 
teen months.  Having  been  paroled,  he  took  the 
oath  of  allegiance,  and  began  farming  in  Vir- 
ginia. At  the  termination  of  two  years  he  re- 
moved to  Illinois  and  engaged  with  his  brother 
in  farming,  going  thence  to  Iowa,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1888.  He  came  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  removed  to  the  Big  Bend  country, 
and  located  on  his  present  place  in  1898.  He 
now  owns  seventy  acres  on  Mission  creek,  and 
has  a  claim  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres. 
His  residence  is  a  cosy,  well-built  log  house, 
and  he  has  recently  erected  the  largest  barn  in 
the  valley,  thirty-five  by  sixty-five  feet,  with 
twenty-four  foot  posts.  He  has  twelve  acres  of 
alfalfa,  three  acres  of  orchard  and  cultivates 
vegetables  and  berries.  He  is  provided  with 
an  abundance  of  pure  water.  Mission  creek 
flowing  through  his  place. 

Mr.  Howard  has  three  brothers  and  three 
sisters,  Thomas,  John  and  Harrison,  of  Vir- 
ginia; Jane,  wife  of  Warrington  Foster;  Betsy, 
wife  of  i\Ir.  Taylor :  and  Lucy,  wife  of  Philip 
Jackson.  Six  of  his  brothers  are  dead,  George 
•having  been  accidentally  killed  while  in  the 
confederate  service  by  one  of  his  own  men. 

December  25,  1869,  at  Drakeville.  Davis 
county,  Iowa,  Mr,  Howard  was  married  to 
Hannah  Johns,  born  in  Miami  county,  Ohio, 
November  18,  1852.  Her  father.  John  Johns, 
a  native  of  Ohio,  died  in  Iowa,  February  9, 
1868.  He  was  of  Welsh  descent.  Her  mother 
Lucinda  (Morton)  Johns,  was  born  in  Wheel- 
ing, West  Virginia,  and  was  of  Irish  ancestry. 
Mrs.  Howard  has  three  brothers,  Thomas, 
James  and  Isaac.  She  has  two  sisters,  Eliza- 
beth and  Almira.     Six  children  have  been  born 


to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard,  Lee,  Van,  Thomas, 
Blanche,  wife  of  John  Wood;  Mabel,  wife  of 
Willis  Johnson;  and  Edna,  .wife  of  Richard 
Stevens,  the  latter  a  grain  and  implement  deal- 
er of  Almira,  Lincoln  county,  Washington. 
Our  subject  possesses  three  registered  Jersey 
cows,  a  splendid  two-year  old  Jersey  bull,  one 
yearling  Jersey  bull  and  four  Jersey  heifers,  all 
eligible  for  registration.  He  finds  a  profitable 
local  market  for  butter  in  the  valley  towns. 


WILLIAM  F.  J.  HOLZHAUSER.  one  of 
the  young  men  engaged  in  the  glorious  task  of 
"The  Winning  of  the  West,"  is  a  hustling 
farmer  residing  near  Monitor,  Chelan  county, 
Washington. 

He  was  born  at  Buffalo,  New  York,  July 
12.  1 87 1,  the  son  of  William  and  Gertrude 
(Schorr)  Holzhauser.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Germany,  come  to  this  country  in  1865,  located 
at  Buffalo,  and  became  a  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer. He  resides  at  Portland,  Oregon.  The 
mother,  a  native  of  the  Empire  state,  is  of  Ger- 
man ancestry.  At  present  she  lives  with  her 
son. 

Lf^ntil  the  age  of  eight  years,  young  Holz- 
hauser remained  in  Buffalo,  and  attended  the 
public  schools.  In  1879  his  family  removed  to 
Minnesota,  where  he  still  availed  himself  of 
educational  prvileges,  and  passed  three  years 
learning  the  printer's  trade.  Failing  health  in- 
duced him  to  come  to  Washington,  locating  at 
Ellensburg.  At  that  period,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  he  weighed  but  ninety-seven  pounds. 
He  has  since  tipped  the  scales  at  one  hundred 
and  ninety.  Coming  to  Wenatchee.  he  in  1888. 
purchased  railroad  land,  a  beautiful  piece  of 
property,  accessible  to  water,  and  most  favor- 
ably situated.  He  has  a  six-acre  orchard,  just 
beginning  to  be  productive,  and  land  which  he 
has  recently  filed  upon,  is  suitable  for  hay  cul- 
ture. He  has  six  acres  of  alfalfa,  and  cultivates 
wheat,  hay.  corn,  beans  and  potatoes.  He  has 
one  brother  living,  Edward. 

At  Seattle.  Washington,  October  i.  1892, 
our  subject  was  married  to  Mrs.  Netta  W. 
Kearn,  a  native  of  the  Algoma  District.  Lake 
Huron,  Canada.  Her  father  is  a  native  of 
Canada,  of  Scotch  descent,  and  at  present  re- 
sides in  Seattle.  Her  mother,  Mary  C.  (Mc- 
Crae)   Kearn,  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  de- 


834 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ceased.  She  has  two  children,  \'iola  B.,  by  her 
first  husband,  and  Wilham  H.,  by  her  present 
husband.  Slie  has  three  brothers,  Malcom  H.. 
George  E.,  and  Andrew.  She  is  a  devout  and 
consistent  member  of  the  Christian  church. 
Fraternally,  our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.,  and  his  wife  of  the  Degree  of  Honor. 
Politically,  he  is  an  Independent,  but  not  at  all 
active  in  politics. 


DEWITT  C.  BRITT,  editor  and  proprie- 
tor of  The  Chelan  Leader,  Chelan,  was  born 
in  Bureau  county,  Illinois,  January  7,  1852. 
His  father.  Obadiah  Hayden  Britt,  was  a  de- 
scendant of  an  old  Virginia  family,  and  a  na- 
tive of  that  state.  He  died  in  i860.  His  moth- 
er, Mary  J.  (Robinson)  Britt,  is  a  Pennsyl- 
vanian  by  nativity,  and  now  lives  near  W'aukon. 
A\^ashington,  with  her  daughter.  She  was  mar- 
ried to  Matthias  Hyatt  in  1865,  who  died  in 
190 1. 

Until  the  age  of  eight  years,  our  subject 
lived  in  Illinois,  and  then  removed  with  his 
mother  to  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  where 
he  attended  the  public  schools,  also  worked  at 
the  tanner's  trade  in  Alleghany  county,  ■Mary- 
land. In  1865  he  was  a  clerk  in  his  uncle's 
store,  in  West  Virginia,  and  sold  papers  to  the 
soldiers  then  in  camp  waiting  to  be  mustered 
out.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  returned 
in  Illinois.  He  went  to  Wyoming  in  the 
fall  of  1 87 1,  where  he  engaged  in  rail- 
road work  on  the  Union  Pacific,  going 
thence  to  San  Francisco,  in  March.  1872. 
where  he  shipped  on  a  lumber  bark,  the  Forest 
Queen,  bound  for  Port  Ludlow,  Puget  Sound. 
During  the  summer  of  1872  he  entered  the 
office  of  the  Puget  Sound  Courier,  at  Olym- 
pia,  Washington,  a  paper  then  controlled  by  a 
syndicate  of  federal  officials.  For  two  years 
he  followed  the  printing  trade  in  that  city,  and 
then  went  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  secured 
employment  on  the  Bulletin  and  Ex- 
auiincr.  After  a  year  passed  there  and  in 
Southern  California,  he  went  to  \^acaville.  that 
state,  and  entered  the  Baptist  College,  where 
he  studied  one  year  for  the  ministry.  Subse- 
quently he  traveled  in  Oregon  in  the  interest- of 
the  Baptist  Evangel,  a  denominational  paper, 
and  in  1877  was  engaged  in  ministerial  work 
cmbracinc:  an  extensive  missionarv  field.     He 


received  a  call  to  preach,  in  1878,  in  the  Palouse 
country,  and  spent  three  years  in  Moscow.  Col- 
fax and  their  immediate  vicinity.  He  organ- 
ized the  Frst  Baptist  church  of  Spokane,  and 
one  in  Cheney  in  1881.  Subsequently,  his 
health  failing,  he  resumed  typographical  work 
on  the  Revieiv  and  Chronicle,  of  Spokane, 
and  was  in  that  city  during  the  "big  fire."  In 
1 89 1  he  went  to  Chelan,  Chelan  county,  and 
put  The  Chelan  Leader  on  its  feet,  at  Chelan 
Falls,  on  the  Columbia  river.  One  year  later 
he  removed  to  Chelan,  where  he  is  at  present 
located. 

At  Chelan,  January  5.  1897,  Mr.  Britt  was 
married  to  Miss  Elsie  M.  Stitsel,  a  native  of 
Kansas.  She  was  graduated  from  the  Spokane 
high  school,  and  subsequently  taught  in  Spo- 
kane county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Britt  have  two 
children,  Bryan  K.  and  DeWitt  Victor,  infant 
boy.  Mr.  Britt  is  a  member  and  an  ordained 
minister  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  Chelan  A'alley  Lodge  No.  116,  A. 
F.  &  A.  JM.  His  political  affiliations  are  with 
the  Democratic  party,  but  he  conducts  his  paper 
as  a  non-partisan  organ. 

Mr.  Britt  conducts  his  paper  on  a  strictly 
non-partisan  basis  and  treats  of  politics  entirely 
independent  of  party  affiliations. 


SQUIRE  STEWART  is  among  the  first 
settlers  of  the  productive  agricultural  country 
in  the  vicinity  of  ISIission,  Chelan  county.  His 
father,  Riley  Stewart,  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, a  descendant  of  the  old  Scotch  Stewarts 
of  historical  fame,  who  for  a  great  many  gen- 
erations have  lived  in  the  southern  states.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Tennessee,  of  prominent 
ancestors.  Both  parents  of  our  subject  are 
dead. 

The  latter  was  reared  in  Illinois  until  five 
years  old,  moving  thence  to  Utah  and  Cali- 
fornia in  ox  carts.  In  the  latter  state  the 
mother  died,  and  our  subject  returned  to  Illi- 
nois, the  father  remaining  in  California.  In 
1857  he  again  crossed  the  plains,  just  previous 
to  the  historical  Mountain  IMeadow  luassacre. 
For  many  years  subsequently  he  rode  the  cattle 
ranges  in  Utah.  In  1868  he  went  to  San  Ber- 
nardino, California,  returning  shortly  afterward 
to  Utah  where  for  twelve  years  he  engaged  in 
nr'ning  operations.     FTc  arrived  in  Mis'^ior.  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


835 


1884,  secured  land,  had  a  contest  with  the  rail- 
way company,  but  won  his  case,  and  located  on 
his  present  home.  He  has  one  full  brother, 
William  R.,  and  a  half  brother,  George  W. 
Mills,  and  one  sister.  Lucinda  Boyce. 

He  was  married  at  Joab  Valley,  Utah,  to 
Miss  Algenora  Edmiston,  a  native  of  that  state. 
Her  father,  John,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
her  mother  in  \'ermont.  Both  parents  are 
dead.  Mrs.  Stewart  has  four  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  William,  Charles,  Warren,  George, 
Eliza  Longabaugh  and  Mary  Anderson.  She 
is  the  mother  of  seven  children,  Simeon,  John, 
James  B.,  Martha  Brusha,  Lily  L.  Waters, 
Alice  and  Grace.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  He  is  a 
Republican,  but  not  particularly  active  in  poli- 
tics. 

The  father  of  our  subject,  Riley  Stewart, 
played  a  prominent  part  in  the  Black  Hawk 
War,  as  a  soldier,  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end.  Mrs.  Stewart  had  two  brothers  in  the 
Civil  War.  Her  oldest  brother  was  killed  in 
Utah  by  Indians.  Her  parents,  «arly  Utah  pio- 
neers, were  among  the  first  Gentiles  to  settle 
in  the  territory. 

Mr.  Stewart  was  one  of  the  tirst  crew  that 
M-ent  up  the  Columbia  river  in  the  steamer.  City 
of  Ellensburg. 


J.  AA'ALLEXDER.  physician  and  surgeon, 
at  ^^'enatchee,  Chelan  county,  is  a  native  of 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  the  date  of  his  birth  be- 
ing February  4,  1867.  His  parents  Joseph  and 
Katherine  \Vallender,  are  nati\-es  of  Germany, 
the  father  being  a  banker,  lumberman  and 
prominent  capitalist  of  Iowa,  where  he  at  pres- 
ent resides,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years. 
The  mother,  who  is  with  her  husband,  is  seven- 
ty-nine years  old. 

At  thirteen  years  of  age,  our  subject,  who 
had  been  IWmg  at  Kewaunee,  Wisconsin,  re- 
turned to  Milwaukee,  and  at  seventeen  went  to 
Chicago,  where  he  graduated  from  the  School 
of  Pharmacy,  in  that  city.  He  then  engaged  in 
the  drugjxisiness  in  Iowa,  in  company  with  his 
brother-in-law,  being  located  at  \\'est  Liberty. 
Subsequently  he  was  in  business  alone,  at  Cal- 
mar,  same  state,  six  years.  In  1893  ^^^  '^^''^ 
matriculated  in  Rush  Medical  College,  Chi- 
cago, remaining  one  vear,  after  which  he  was 


for  three  years  in  the  Wisconsin  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Alihvaukee,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  with  honors  in  1897. 
Following  four  and  a  half  years'  practice  in 
Milwaukee,  he  came  to  Wenatchee,  Washing- 
ton, in  1901. 

While  attending  college  and  afterward,  our 
subject  was  associated  with  Doctor  J.  F.  Scol- 
lard,  of  Milwaukee,  an  eminent  authority  on 
obstetrics,  through  which  association  he  gained 
a  practical  knowledge  of  this  branch  of  path- 
ology. Subsequently  he  was  physician  in 
charge  of  St.  Mary's  Sanitarium,  a  maternity 
hospital,  remaining  there  four  years. 

Dr.  Wallender  lias  charge  of  a  large  prac- 
tice at  this  time  and  has  demonstrated  that  he 
is  a  physician  of  great  skill  and  erudition,  hav- 
ing won  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all 
who  have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance.  He 
is  a  man  of  energy  and  keeps  fully  abreast  of 
the  times  in  medical  research,  being  also  *n 
original  investigator. 

Fraternallv,  he  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  the  R.'  A.  M.,  the  K.  P..  the  A.  O.  U. 
\V..  and  the  M.  W.  A. 


JOSEPH  C.  CARPENTER,  residing  at 
Wenatchee,  Chelan  county,  is  a  native  of  Can- 
yon City,  Oregon,  and  was  born  August  31, 
1877.  His  parents  are  Samuel  and  Jennie 
(Bunch)  Carpenter,  the  father  having'  been 
born  in  Iowa,  the  mother  in  the  Willamette 
\'alley,  Oregon.  Samuel  Carpenter  was  one  of 
the  Argonauts  of  '49,  crossing  the  plains  to 
California,  where  he  remained  until  the  early 
"sixties,  coming  to  Canyon  City  during  the 
mining  excitement.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
saloon  business  at  Granite,  Grant  county,  Ore- 
gon. His  father  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  one  of  the  earliest  Iowa  pioneers. 

Joseph  C.  Carpenter  was  reared  in  Prairie 
City,  Oregon,  being  taken  there  by  his  parents 
when  one  year  old.  He  attended  public  schools 
until  ten  years  of  age;  then  came  to  ^^'enatchee, 
where  he  lived  with  his  aunt.  I\Irs.  M.  J.  Gray, 
a  pioneer  settler  of  Wenatchee.  In  189S  he  re- 
moved to  Spokane  and  pursued  a  business 
course  of  studies  in  the  Northwestern  Business 
College,  after  which  he  was  employed  in  a 
grocery  store  three  years.  For  a  short  time  fol- 
lowing this  period  he  was  engaged  in  the  meat 


836 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


business  at  Adams,  Oregon,  and  thence  he 
came  to  Wenatchee,  where  he  entered  the  em- 
ployment of  Mayer  &  Kennedy,  house  and  sign 
painters  and  paper  hangers.  In  November, 
1902,  he  bought  out  this  firm,  and  is  at  present 
conducting  an  extensive  and  kicrative  busi- 
ness. He  has  a  commodious  store  twenty  by 
fifty-two  feet,  with  mixing  room  in  the  rear 
and  carries  a  large  stock  of  paints  and  oils  and 
wall  paper.  j\Ir.  Carpenter  is  unmarried.  He 
has  one  brother,  William  B.,  proprietor  of  a 
restaurant  in  Seattle,  Washington. 

The  fraternal  afliliations  of  our  subject  are 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  No.  157,  Wenatchee;  with 
the  F.  O.  E.,  and  with  the  W.  W.,  Spokane 
Camp  No.  99,  Spokane,  Washington.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Wenatchee  Commercial 
Club.     Politically  he  is  a  Republican. 


DAVID  C.  WILSON,  one  of  Chelan  coun- 
ty's most  prominent  and  successful  farmers,  re- 
siding one  and  one-quarter  miles  south  of 
Leavenworth,  was  born  in  Bloomington,  Ma- 
con county,  Missouri,  March  31,  1851.  His 
father,  Owen  Wilson,  a  native  of  Grayson 
county,  Kentucky,  died  December  16,  1894,  at 
Milan,  Missouri,  aged  seventy-two  years.  A 
descendant  of  an  old  and  distinguished  south- 
ern family,  he  was,  during  the  Civil  War,  a 
staunch  union  man  and  was  employed  in  the 
government  re^■enue  service.  For  twelve  years 
he  was  postmaster  of  Milan,  county  seat  of  Sul- 
livan county,  Missouri,  and  held,  at  various 
periods,  evey  oftice  in  the  county.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  Serelda  (Gilstrap)  Wilson,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  Her  mother  was  a  Lee,  and 
a  first  cousin  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee. 

Milan,  Sullivan  county,  Missouri,  was 
the  scene  of  our  subject's  early  boyhood 
days,  his  father  having  moved  there  in 
April.  1852,  and  building  and  keeping 
the  first  hotel  in  the  town,  also  being 
receiver  of  the  land  office  from  1853  to 
1855.  Here  our  subject  attended  the  public 
schools  and  Milan  seminary,  alternately  as- 
sisting his  father  in  the  postoffice  and  a  general 
mercantile  store  from  1864  to  1876.  Shortly 
after  gaining  his  majority  he -made  a  trip  across 
the  plains  to  Denver,  Colorado  ( 1870)  and  the 
"grasshopper  year"  of  1874  found  him  in  Kan- 
sas, hunting  buffalo  and  health,  the  latter  being 
greatly  benefited  thereby.     Returning  to  Mis- 


souri he  rented  land,  going  thence,  in  1880,  to 
Custer  county,  Colorado,  where  he  cultivated 
potatoes  for  the  Pueblo  market  with  success, 
financially.  In  April,  1883,  he  removed  to 
L'niatilla  county,  Oregon,  pre-empted  a  quarter 
section  of  land,  purchased  an  adjoining  quar- 
ter, and  remained  there  seven  years  and  six 
months.  This  was  south  of  Echo.  In  1890 
Mr.  Wilson  came  to  Leavenworth,  filed  a  home- 
stead on  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land, 
of  which  he  cultivated  twenty-five,  the  remain- 
der being  timber  and  grazing  land.  He  winter- 
ed twenty-five  head  of  stock. 

November  14,  1875,  at  IMilan,  our  subject 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Fanny  A.  Taggart, 
born  in  St.  Charles  county,  Missouri,  August 
12,  185 1.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Mis- 
souri, of  old  and  distinugished  ancestry.  Her 
father.  Reason  A.  Taggart,  was  for  eight  years 
sheriff  of  St.  Charles  county,  and  during  the 
Civil  War  conducted  a  hotel.  Her  mother  was 
Nancy  (Baldridge)  Taggart.  Mrs.  Wilson 
has  one  brother  living,  James  A.,  of  Moberly, 
Missouri.  He  served  in  the  Confederate  serv- 
ice during  the  Civil  War.  She  has  two  sisters, 
Kittie,  widow  of  David  H.  Eaton,  a  merchant 
of  Kansas  City,  ^Missouri,  and  Florida,  wife  of 
George  H.  Stier,  of  Lexington,  ]\Iissouri. 
Seven  children  ha\-e  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wilson.  Justin  L.,  Owen  T.,  Charles  G.,  David 
C,  John  D.,  Serelda,  wife  of  P.  H.  Cookson, 
and  Nancy  B.  Fraternally  Mr.  Wilson  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Politically  he  is  a 
Democrat,  and  was  the  first  elected  assessor  of 
Chelan  county,  serving  two  years.  He  attends 
all  state  and  county  conventions,  and  exhibits 
an  enthusiastic  and  patriotic  interest  in  all  cam- 
paigns. 


CHARLES  C.  KING,  one  of  the  enter- 
prising, public-spirited  merchants  of  Entiat, 
Chelan  county,  has  been  connected  with  the 
commercial  and  social  interests  of  the  commu- 
nity during  the  past  eight  years.  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  is  the  place  of  his  birth,  and  the  date, 
March  26.  1859.  His  parents,  Charles  H.  and 
Isabel  (Donahey)  King,  were  Pennsylvanians 
by  nativity,  the  father  having  been  born  at 
York-Haven.  York  county,  October  7,  1821. 
His  father.  John  King,  was  born  in  the  same 
county,  August  7,  1799,  and  died  in  Septem- 
ber,  18^8,  in  Henrv  countv,  Ohio.     His  wife, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


837 


Rachel  (Nelson)  King,  was  a  native  of  York 
county,  born  January  2,  1802,  dying  near  Can- 
ton, Ohio,  February  11,  1836.  They  were 
married  May  20,  18 19.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, Charles  H.  King,  distinctly  remembers 
the  last  visit  of  General  Lafayette  to  Balti- 
more. 

Until  the  age  of  twenty-four  years  Charles 
C.  King  remained  in  Ohio,  where  he  attended 
the  public  schools,  the  state  normal  school  at 
Lebanon,  and  graduated  from  the  Savanah 
Academy  in  Ashland  county.  He  taught  school 
two  winters,  a  portion  of  the  time  while  he  was 
in  attendance  on  the  academy.  At  the  early 
age  of  thirteen  j^ears  he  left  home  and  prac- 
tically began  the  world  for  himself,  engaging 
in  carpentry  and  the  painting  business,  and 
earning  his  own  education.  At  the  age  of 
t\\-enty-fi\'e  years  he  removed  to  Kansas,  where 
he  learned  photography,  and  in  1888  came  to 
\\'ashington  and  opened  the  first  photograph 
studio  in  Waterville,  Douglas  county.  He  re- 
mained in  Waterville  until  1895,  '^vhen  he  came 
to  Entiat,  at  that  period  in  Okanogan  county. 
He  secured  eighty  acres  of  land  one  mile  up  the 
Entiat  river,  and  is  now  cultivating  fifteen 
acres,  mainly  devoted  to  alfalfa,  fruit  and  vege- 
tables. In  April,  1901,  Mr.  King  opened  a 
store  in  Entiat,  the  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  has  been  uniformly  success- 
ful. 

Mr.  King  has  three  brothers  :  Horatio  N., 
engaged  in  the  hardware  business  in  Columbus, 
Ohio;  Irenaeus  M..  a  tinner,  at  Mansfield, 
Ohio;  and  Addis  E.,  a  real  estate  dealer  at 
Kansas  City,  Missouri.  He  also  has  a  half- 
brother,  John,  a  telegrapher  at  Homerville, 
Ohio.  At  Ashland,  Kansas,  October  18,  1887, 
our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mary 
Bookwalter,  a  native  of  Indiana.  Her  parents 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  King  has 
two  brothers  and  three  sisters :  Alfred,  Eli, 
Isalinda.  Kisiah,  and  Caroline.  Mr.  King  has 
five  children  living  at  home.  Leroy,  Paul.  Law- 
rence, Charles,  and  Anna. 

The  fraternal  associations  of  Mr.  King 
are  with  the  Waterville  Lodge  No.  57,  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  of  which  he  is  past  grand,  and  the  Order 
of  Washington,  Entiat,  of  which  he  is  past 
president.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  county  convention  last 
year,  but  is  not  an  aspirant  for  office.  Mrs. 
King  died  at  Entiat  April  28,  1902. 


AMOS  KNOWLES,  who  lives  about  six 
miles  northwest  from  Chelan,  was  born  in  New 
York,  on  June  i,  1833,  the  son  of  Jonathan  and 
Almedia  (Gregory)  Knowles.  natives  of  New 
York  and  New  England,  respectively.  The 
father's  ancestors  came  from  Ireland,  and  he 
died  in  Clinton,  Iowa,  on  August  9,  1891,  aged 
eighty.  The  mother's  father  was  a  patriot  in 
the  Revolution.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Michigan,  Indiana  and  Wisconsin,  and  in  Oc- 
tober, 1 86 1,  he  responded  to  the  call  for  troops 
to  repel  the  hordes  of  treason  and  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  First  Wisconsin  Cavalry,  Captain 
John  Hyde  and  Colonel  Daniels  commanding. 
For  three  years  Mr.  Knowles  was  a  faithful 
soldier  and  participated  in  much  hard  fight- 
ing and  skirmishing.  Among  the  battles  we 
may  mention  Cape  Girardeau,  Marmadukes' 
attack.  Missionary  Ridge,  Dandridge,  Chick- 
amauga,  and  many  others.  In  the  fall  of  1864 
he  was  mustered  out  at  Calhoun,  Georgia,  and 
soon  entered  the  government  employ  at  Chat- 
tanooga, Tennesssee.  He  was  in  the  capacity 
of  blacksmith  in  the  railroad  shops,  then  en- 
tered the  tan  yards,  later  spent  five  years  in  In- 
diana farming,  after  which  he  went  to  Wis- 
consin and  one  year  later  settled  in  Minne- 
sota. After  seven  years  he  returned  to  Wis- 
consin and  eight  years  later,  or  in  1886,  Mr. 
Knowles  journeyed  to  Pomeroy,  Washington. 
He  bought  forty  acres  in  the  Blue  mountains, 
whence  seven  years  later  he  came  to  his  present 
place,  where  he  owns  eighty  acres. 

On  December  10.  1865,  at  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee,  Mr.  Knowles  married  Miss  Nancy 
A.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Harriet  (Turner) 
Griftin,  natives  of  South  Carolina.  The  father 
was  of  Irish  ancestry  and  died  in  1864.  The 
mother  came  from  Scotch  parentage.  Mrs. 
Knowles  has  two  sisters.  Mary  Richardson  and 
Georgia  Rouse.  Nine  children  have  been  bom 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Knowles,  Amos  W.,  Jonathan. 
Jason,  Georgia  Smith,  Gertrude  Petrie,  Laura 
Sain.  Guy  A.,  Charles  W.,  and  Albert  M.  Mr. 
Knowles  is  a  solid  Democrat  and  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  He  and  his  wife  belong-  to  the 
Christian  church. 


ARTHUR  H.  DA\\'SOX.  of  Wenatchee, 
Chelan  county,  is  engaged  successfully  in  the 
stock  and  dairy  business.  Although  an  Ameri- 
can citizen,  he  was  born  in  England,  September 


838 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


29,  1858.  His  father,  Henry  Dawson,  at  pres- 
ent residing  in  tlie  county  of  Surrey,  England, 
is  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  British 
Architects.  As  an  architect  he  is  eminent  in 
his  profession,  although  now  retired  from  ac- 
tive business,  being  advisory  architect  to  the 
Salters  Company  of  London.  The  mother. 
Frances  E.  (Wheeler)  Dawson,  is  a  native  of 
Kent,  England.  For  many  years  her  father 
was  a  cashier  in  the  Bank  of  England. 

The  elementary  education  of  our  subject 
was  received  in  private  schools,  and  he  was 
graduated  from  Alleyn  College,  near  London, 
in  1876.  Subsequently  he  passed  eighteen 
months  in  Germany,  pursuing  a  course  in  Ger- 
man literature,  physics,  et  cetera,  under  a  pri- 
vate tutor.  On  his  return  to  England  he  entered 
a  printing  house,  with  which  he  remained  seven 
years.  At  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1884.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  Florida,  where  he  engaged 
in  fruit  packing  and  orange  growing.  At 
Switzerland,  on  the  St.  John's  river,  he  was 
deputy  postmaster.  Thence  he  went  to  British 
Columbia,  on  account  of  his  health,  which  had 
become  impaired  during  his  residence  in 
Florida.  Following  five  months  passed  in  Van- 
couver, he  went  to  Seattle  and  accepted  a  po- 
sition in  the  operative  department  of  the  Posf- 
IntelUgeHccr,  but  the  same  fall  he  severed  his 
connection  with  that  paper  for  the  purpose  of 
assuming  charge  of  the  Daily  Record,  with 
which  he  remained  until  shortly  before  the  dis- 
astrous fire  of  1889,  when  the  Record  was 
merged  with  the  Daily  Journal.  Mr.  Dawson 
remained  with  the  Journal  as  city  editor  until 
the  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  then  be- 
came manager  for  the  Remington  Typewriter 
Company,  having  charge  of  the  Western 
Washington  territory,  with  his  office  in 
Seattle.  He  was  also  in  charge  of  the 
office  of  the  Sunnyside  Ditch  Company. 
In  1894  he  went  to  the  Yakima  Val- 
ley to  prosecute  the  ditch  work,  and  was 
land  salesman  at  that  point  until  1896,  when 
the  company  collapsed.  He  then  went  to  Col- 
ville,  Stevens  county,  where  he  was  elected  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  and  mining  recorder,  serving 
two  years.  Here  Mr.  Dawson  became  greatly 
interested  in  the  mining  industry  and  operated 
here  and  in  adjoining  territory  until  1900.  He 
then  removed  to  Harrington,  Lincoln  county, 
where    he    purchased    the    Harrington    hotel, 


conducting  the  same  two  years.  Selling  out 
he  came  to  Wenatchee,  purchased  four  thous- 
and acres  of  land  on  the  Entiat  river,  and 
twenty  head  of  fine  Jersey  cattle,  fifteen  of 
which  were  registered.  He  at  present  conducts 
an  e.xtenive  dairy  plant. 

Mr.  Dawson  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister :  Rev.  Leonard  Dawson,  \'icar  of  St. 
Judes,  Bradford,  England ;  Dr.  Bertrand  Daw- 
son, consulting  physician,  Harley  street,  Lon- 
don, England;  Cecil  W..  architect  and  sur- 
veyor, London,  England;  and  Emily  A.,  a 
teacher  in  the  high  school,  London. 

July  31.  1884,  at  Croyden,  Surrey,  Eng- 
land, Mr.  Dawson  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Edith  A.  Winton,  born  in  Yalding,  Kent,  Eng- 
land. Her  father,  deceased,  was  an  extensive 
hop  grower.  Her  mother,  Mary  (Dunk)  Win- 
ton,  deceased,  was  a  native  of  England,  her 
family  having  been  prominent  hop  factors. 
I\Irs.  Dawson  has  three  brothers,  Charles  F., 
William  A.,  and  Rev.  Lewis  Winton,  curate 
of  an  East  End  church,  London.  England.  She 
has  two  sisters,  Florence,  wife  of  Alfred  Riley, 
Croyden,  England,  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Hewer  H.  Dean  of  England. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dawson  have  three  children, 
Cyril,  a  student  in  the  Pullman  Agricultural 
College,  Harold  and  Kathleen.  For  educational 
privileges  the  family  of  Mr.  Dawson  resides  at 
Pullman.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Episcopalian  church.  Politically  he  is  a  Re- 
publican and  his  final  citizenship  papers  were 
granted  by  Judge  Han  ford,  at  Seattle. 


ISAAC.  J.  BAILEY,  closely  identified  with 
steamboat  transportation  on  the  Columbia 
river,  resides  at  Wenatchee,  Chelan  county. 
His  native  state  is  New-  Jersey,  and  he  was  born 
September  15,  i860.  His  father,  James 
Bailey,  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  now  residing 
in  Wisconsin;  his  mother,  Alatilda  (Jones) 
Bailey,  was  born  in  the  Empire  state,  of  Welsh 
ancestry.     She  passed  awav  in  Wisconsin  in 

1895- 

At  the  ag'e  of  eight  years  our  subject  left 
New  Jersey,  and  with  the  family,  located  in  Il- 
linois. Here  he  attended  the  district  school 
and  assisted  his  father  in  the  meat  business. 
After  leaving  school  our  subject  became  in- 
terested in  bridge  building,  and  has  had  charge 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


839 


of  the  construction  of  a  great  deal  of  import- 
ant work  in  this  hue,  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  He  buih  the  railway  trestle 
across  Hangman  creek.  Spokane,  and  in  1890, 
in  partnership  with  J.  L.  Bailey  (no  relative), 
he  secured  a  contract  to  build  fifty-five  miles 
of  trestle  and  bridge  work  on  the  Great  North- 
ern railroad.  This  enterprise  consumed  two 
years.  This  firm  built  all  of  the  high  trestle 
on  the  Great  Northern,  in  the  vicinity  of  Spo- 
kane. The  ferry  across  the  Columbia,  between 
Wenatchee  and  Douglas  county,  was  con- 
structed by  our  subject,  and  he  and  his  part- 
ner still  own  and  control  the  same. 

Mr.  Bailey,  in  company  with  John  J. 
O'Connor,  built  the  steamboat  Wenatchee, 
which  they   ran  two  and  one-half  years.     In 


July,  1901,  she  was  burned  to  the  water's  edge. 
Later  they  built  the  North  Star,  and  at  present 
our  subject  devotes  most  of  his  time  to  trans- 
portation by  river  methods. 

ISh.  Bailey  has  two  sisters,  Alice  Banks  and 
Georgia.  In  June,  1894,  at  Wenatchee,  he  was 
married  to  Helen  M.  Parrish,  born  near  El- 
lensburg.  and  the  daughter  of  George  and 
Louise  Parrish.  They  have  one  child,  Ruth 
AI.  The  home  is  beautifully  located,  and  aside 
from  this  property  he  owns  twelve  acres  of 
land  across  the  Columbia  river,  ten  acres  of 
orchard  on  Wenatchee  avenue,  several  lots  on 
Mission  avenue,  and  his  interest  in  the  ferry 
property. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  ]\I.  W.  A.,  and  po- 
litically is  independent. 


PART  VI. 


CHAPTER  I. 


PRESS  OF  STEVENS,  FERRY,  OKANOGAN  AND  CHELAN  COUNTIES. 


STEVENS    COUNTY. 

The  history  of  any  county  would  be  woe- 
fully incomplete  without  a  record  of  its  news- 
papers, and  from  the  newspapers  of  four  coun- 
ties is  derived  much  of  the  data  for  the  present 
work.  A  brief  sketch  of  the  career  of  journal- 
ism in  these  four  counties  will,  doubtless,  serve 
as  interesting  reading  to  those  who  have  lived 
and  moved  apace  with  the  progress  of  affairs 
in  this  delightful  portion  of  the  state  for  the 
past  eighteen  or  twenty  years. 

To  the  pioneer  journalists  of  Stevens  coun- 
ty much  credit  is  due  for  the  rapid  settlement 
and  advancement  of  the  country.  During  the 
early  days,  before  the  railroads  had  penetrated 
the  county,  the  scheme  of  issuing  a  paper  was 
not  an  easy  matter  nor  a  profitable  undertak- 
ing. The  mails  were  carried  by  stage  to  and 
from  Spokane  three  times  a  week,  and  to  ob- 
tain news  of  the  world  when  it  was  news  was 
an  impossibility.  During  the  first  few  years 
that  Stevens  county  had  a  newspaper  published 
within  its  boundaries,  the  Portland  Oregonian 
was  the  only  paper  in  the  northwest  carrying 
the  Associated  Press  dispatches,  and  by  the 
time  it  reached  its  Stevens  county  subscribers 
it  was  five  or  six  days  old.  Freight  rates  were 
high,  and  in  order  to  issue  his  paper  it  was 
sometimes  necessary  for  the  publisher  to  make 
a  special  trip  to  Spokane  to  procure  a  supply 
of  print  paper  owing  to  the  uncertainty  of 
freight  traffic. 


The  first  newspaper  published  in  the  county 
was  the  Stevens  County  Sun  which  made  its 
initial  appearance  at  Chewelah  in  July,  1885. 
Mr.  J.  W.  Young,  who  was  the  founder  of  the 
journal,  was  a  mining  proprietor  and  the  news- 
paper was  what  might  be  termed  a  "side  issue." 
Mr.  Young  passed  much  of  his  time  in  pros- 
pecting and  his  literary  work  was  consequently 
neglected.  Two  or  three  issues  of  the  paper 
were  put  forth  at  irregular  intervals,  and  the 
venture  proving  unprofitable,  publication  of 
The  Sun  was  suspended. 

A  start  in  the  newspaper  field  of  Stevens 
county  had  been  made,  however,  and  while  the 
first  venture  had  proved  a  failure,  another  took 
up  the  work  and  succeeded  in  establishing  a 
permanent  journal.  To  Mr.  John  B.  Slater,  of 
Colville,  belongs  the  honor  of  this  accomplish- 
ment. In  the  summer  of  1885  Mr.  Slater, 
then  a  mere  venturer  upon  the  field  of  journal- 
ism, was  attracted  to  the  Colville  country  by 
reason  of  the  activity  occasioned  by  mining  de- 
velopments. He  saw  a  fair  field  for  his  line  of 
work  and  on  October  5,  1885,  there  issued  from 
the  press  practically  the  first  Stevens  county 
newspaper.  It  was  published  at  Colville  and 
was  named  the  Stevens  County  Miner.  It  was 
a  six  column  folio  and  was  printed  on  a  Wash- 
ington hand  press  which,  until  a  few  years  ago, 
did  duty  in  the  office  of  the  Colville  Statesman- 
Index.  This  press  is  now  employed  in  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Springfield  Record. 

In  beginning  the  publication  of  The  Miner 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Mr.  Slater  encountered  a  number  of  misfor- 
tunes and  set-backs.  Part  of  the  office  machin- 
ery was  purchased  at  Walla  Walla,  and  among 
other  items  was  a  job  press  which  was  pur- 
chased at  a  cost  of  $400.  It  was  in  the  trans- 
portation of  this  piece  of  machinery  that  Mr. 
Slater  met  with  his  greatest  hard  luck.  He 
had  proceeded  as  far  as  Blue  creek  without 
accident  when  the  freight  wagon  containing 
the  press  and  other  printing  material  was  over- 
turned on  the  river  bank  and  the  contents  went 
to  the  bottom  of  the  river.  The  press  was 
fished  out  and  brought  to  Colville,  but  it  proved 
to  be  damaged  beyond  repair  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  discard  it.  Appearance  of  the  paper 
was  further  delayed  on  account  of  non-arrival 
of  the  stock  of  print  paper  and  the  first  issue 
was,  on  this  account,  delayed  some  time.  When 
The  Miner  finally  made  its  appearance  it  was 
well  received,  which  is  attested  by  the  fact  that 
the  first  fifty  papers  sent  out  of  the  office  sold 
readily  on  the  street  at  fifty  cents  each  so  eager 
were  many  of  the  people  to  secure  one  of  the 
copies  of  the  first  paper  established  in  Colville. 
The  Miner  lived,  made  friends,  and  did  much 
to  advance  the  interests  of  the  county.  Mr. 
Slater,  always  an  uncompromising  Democrat, 
directed  the  course  of  his  paper  into  active  po- 
litical channels,  and  The  Miner,  during  his  pro- 
prietorship,  was  always   strongly  Democratic. 

For  nearly  five  years  The  Miner  was  with- 
out opposition  in  Stevens  county,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  months  in  1886.  In  that  year  a 
gentleman  named  De  Land  established  the 
Stevens  County  Recorder  in  Colville,  as  a  Re- 
publican paper,  but  it  became  embroiled  in  a 
political  misunderstanding  and  after  a  short 
but  feverish  life  of  two  months,  it  fell  under  the 
wheels  and  its  life  was  crushed  out.  The  plant 
was  shipped  to  Spokane  and  was  employed  in 
the  publication  of  the  Spokane  Democrat. 

In  1889  W.  H.  Kearney  and  G.  R.  Epper- 
son purchased  The  Miner  from  Mr.  Slater  and 
during  their  proprietorship,  which  was  for  a 
short  period  only,  it  was  conducted  as  a  Repub- 


lican paper.  George  M.  Welty  took  over  the 
plant  from  them  on  a  lease,  and  returned  it  to 
the  Democratic  fold.  Mr.  Welty  proved  a  very 
capable  and  active  newspaper  man.  The  fol- 
lowing year  Mr.  Slater  again  resumed  control 
of  The  Miner,  edited  it  a  year,  and  then  dis- 
posed of  it  to  Cole  &  Bronson.  These  gentle- 
men did  not  make  a  success  of  the  venture,  and 
in  1893  it  was  sold  at  Sheriff's  sale  to  J.  H. 
Young. 

The  year  1890  witnessed  the  establishment 
of  two  new  papers  in  Colville  in  opposition  to 
The  Miner.  One  was  the  Stevens  County 
Standard,  established  and  edited  by  Eber  C. 
Smith.  The  Standard  was  an  independent 
Republican  paper,  was  well  edited,  and  made 
and  unmade  many  a  political  aspirant  for  pub- 
lic favor.  In  the  course  of  a  few  years  The 
Standard  was  discontinued  and  Mr.  Smith  en- 
tered the  journalistic  field  in  another  part  of  the 
county.  The  other  paper  established  this  year 
was  The  Colville  Republican,  which  was 
launched  by  E.  L.  Jameson  and  Emmet  Clark. 
Mr.  Clark  soon  dropped  out  of  the  business, 
but  the  paper  continued  to  exist  until  1893, 
under  the  able  management  of  Mr.  Jameson. 
At  this  time  Mr.  Young,  who  had  purchased 
The  Miner  at  sheriff's  sale,  also  secured 
control  of  The  Republican,  and  then  merged 
the  two  papers  and  changed  the  name  to 
The  Colville  Index.  Mr.  Young  conducted 
The  Index  until  1895,  when  it  was  sold  to  John 
James  Graves,  who  conducted  it  for  a  year 
and  then  disposed  of  it  to  John  L.  Metcalfe, 
who  associated  James  E.  Pickrell  with  him  as 
editor.  In  September,  1896,  W.  D.  Allen  be- 
came the  owner  and  consolidated  it  with  the 
Springdale  Statesman,  and  the  paper  has  since 
been  conducted  under  the  name  of  the  Statcs- 
man-Indcx.  In  1897  Theo.  Rusch  secured  a 
part  interest  in  the  business.  A  stock  company 
was  formed  in  1902,  and  the  journal  has  since 
been  owned  by  it  with  Messrs.  Allen  and  Rusch 
as  managers.  The  Statestn-an-Index  owns  its 
own  home,  a  fine  one-story  brick  building  with 


S4: 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


a  large  basement  for  a  press  room,  has  all  the 
latest  improved  and  up-to-date  printing  ma- 
chinery, and  boasts  of  having  one  of  the  best 
and  most  modern  printing  offices  in  northeast- 
ern Washington.  The  Statesman-Index  is  Re- 
publican in  politics. 

The  building  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  North- 
ern railroad  into  Stevens  county  in  1889  was, 
doubtless,  the  cause  of  the  activity  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  new  papers  in  the  county  the  fol- 
lowing year.  In  addition  to  the  two  Colville 
papers,  TJ\c  Standard  and  Republican,  which 
first  saw  the  light  of  day  in  1890,  The  Kettle 
Falls  Pioneer  made  its  initial  appearance  at 
this  time.  The  paper  did  yeoman  service  for 
a  period  in  the  building  up  of  that  thrifty  city. 
It  was  established  by  Messrs.  Penrose  &  Bur- 
nett, who  for  a  time  issued  a  very  creditable 
daily  edition,  the  only  daily  ever  published  in 
the  county.  They  leased  The  Pioneer  to  F.  W. 
Sherman.  jNIr.  Sherman  gave  up  the  lease  after 
a  time  and  started  the  Kettle  Falls  Reveille, 
which  was  run  as  a  campaign  sheet  and  was 
short  lived.  Messrs.  Hall  and  Fuller  took  over 
The  Pioneer,  and  after  a  year's  trial  at  Kettle 
Falls,  moved  it  to  Colville,  purchased  The 
Standard  of  Eber  C.  Smith  and  consolidated 
the  two  papers.  This  venture  proved  unprofit- 
able and  the  plant  was  again  moved  to  Kettle 
Falls  and  the  publication  of  The  Pioneer  re- 
sumed under  the  management  of  J.  J.  Fuller, 
but  it  soon  ceased. 

This  newspaper  plant  was  not  long  idle, 
however,  and  was  at  once  secured  by  A.  E. 
Routhe,  who  removed  it  to  Colville  and  began 
the  publication  of  the  Paeific  Patriot.  In  June, 
1896,  The  Patriot  suspended  and  the  plant 
took  up  its  migratory  course,  this  time  be- 
ing taken  to  Marcus.  There  F.  ]M.  Rob- 
erts established  a  paper  and  continued  its  pub- 
lication for  a  year.  ^Ir.  Roberts  was  a  talented 
writer  and  gave  IMarcus  a  good  paper. 

The  oldest  paper  in  Stevens  county  to  be 
continued  under  one  management  is  the  North- 
port  Nezcs.    This  paper  was  born  July  4,  1892. 


W.  P.  Hughes,  who  was  formerly  engaged  in 
the  newspaper  business  in  California,  founded 
the  paper,  and  for  the  past  eleven  years  has  pre- 
sided over  its  destinies.  In  the  language  of 
^Ir.  Hughes :  "It  has  always  been  Democratic 
and  will  remain  so  as  long  as  the  present  owner 
controls  it."  To  The  Neius  and  the  irrepressi- 
ble enterprise  of  Mr.  Hughes  it  may  be  said 
Northport  owes  in  a  very  large  measure  its 
prosperity.  In  1895  Eber  C.  Smith,  who  iden- 
tified himself  with  many  newspaper  enterprises 
in  Stevens  county,  started  The  Nonpareil  in 
Northport.  Only  two  numbers  were  issued, 
Mr.  Smith  relinquishing  the  venture  and  start- 
ing in  a  new  field.  The  first  issue  of  the  North- 
port  Republiean  made  its  appearance  on  April 
9,  1898.  The  paper  is  strongly  Republican. 
It  was  founded  and  is  still  edited  by  C.  F. 
Murphy. 

Another  of  Eber  C.  Smith's  Stevens  county 
newspaper  ventures  was  the  Stevens  Standard. 
This  w^as  established  in  1896,  when  the  plan 
was  on  foot  to  erect  a  city  to  be  known  as  Ste- 
vens, near  Kettle  Falls,  mention  of  which  is 
made  in  a  previous  chapter  of  this  work.  On 
account  of  the  failure  of  this  city  to  material- 
ize the  newspaper  was  suspended  after  a  few 
issues.  The  Colville  Xezvs  was  the  name  of  a 
paper  published  in  the  county  seat  for  six 
months  in  tlie  pear  1896.  Col.  I.  I.  Hughes 
was  the  publisher. 

Dr.  T.  C.  Green  conducted  The  Gazette, 
the  first  newspaper  venture  in  Springdale.  The 
journal  was  established  in  1896  and  continued 
in  existence  for  one  or  two  years.  The  town 
was  without  a  paper  from  then  until  February, 
1902.  when  O.  U.  Hawkins  purchased  an  out- 
fit from  The  Statesman-Index  office,  among 
other  things  being  the  Washington  hand  press 
upon  which  The  Miner  was  printed  for  so  long, 
and  began  the  publication  of  the  Springdale 
Record.  In  September,  1903.  the  property 
was  purchased  by  G.  W.  Bisson.  who  now  con- 
ducts the  paper.  Chewelah,  where  the  first 
newspaper  in   Stevens   county   was  published, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


843 


also  had  a  paper  for  a  few  months  in  1896. 
Dr.  J.  J.  Travis  established  the  Chczvclali  Ad- 
vance in  that  year.  It  was  a  campaign  paper 
and  suspended  after  election.  W.  H.  Brown- 
low  &  Sons  on  June  19,  1903,  issued  the  first 
number  of  the  Chczvdah  Independent,  and  they 
are  publishing  one  of  the  newsiest  and  most 
interesting  papers  in  the  county.  The  Inde- 
pendent is  independent  in  politics. 

The  Stevens  County  Reveille  was  estab- 
lished May  17,  1900,  at  Colville  by  Rufus  R. 
Wood.  There  have  been  a  number  of  changes 
in  the  proprietorship  and  editorship  of  the  pa- 
per during  the  few  years  of  its  life,  but  it  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  politics  and  other 
matters  of  interest  to  Stevens  county,  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  papers  of  the  county.  Its 
politics  are  Democratic.  Mr.  Wood  conducted 
the  paper  until  November  29,  1900,  when  he 
associated  with  him  H.  J.  Earnest,  and  the  bus- 
iness was  carried  on  under  the  firm  name  of 
Wood  &  Earnest  for  a  few  months.  February 
7,  1901,  Mr.  Wood  sold  his  interest  to  John  C. 
Kleber,  a  Spokane  attorney;  Mr.  Earnest  con- 
tinuing a  partner  in  the  business.  In  ]\Iay  of 
the  same  year  ]\Iessrs.  Kleber  &  Earnest  re- 
tired and  the  paper  was  purchased  by  the  Re- 
veille Publishing  Company,  the  members  of 
which  were  G.  S.  Wilson,  of  Spokane,  and  J. 
P.  Heckert,  of  Colville.  ^Ir.  Heckert  was 
editor  of  the  paper  and  continued  to  ocupy  this 
position  until  March,  1903,  when  he  sold  his 
interest  to  his  partner.  On  that  date  Mr. 
John  B.  Slater,  who  since  his  arrival  in  the 
country  in  1885,  has  been  continuously  em- 
ployed in  newspaper  work,  took  the  editorial 
chair  of  The  Reveille  and  continued  to  pre- 
side over  its  destiny  until  in  August  of  that 
year.  A.  E.  Adams  was  then  installed  as  edi- 
tor, and  the  following  month  County  Auditor 
Richard  Nagle  purchased  the  plant  from  G.  S. 
Wilson. 

Newport  has  had  a  newspaper  since  1891. 
The  paper  established  at  that  time  was  called 
The   Nc-K'port   Nezcs,   a    Republican     journal. 


Two  years  after  its  establishment  E.  W.  Ste- 
vens purchased  the  plant  and  changed  the  name 
to  the  Nezu.<port  Miner.  Mr.  Stevens  conducted 
the  business  two  years  and  then  sold  out  to  the 
Newport  Land  Company,  of  which  Talmadge 
Brothers  were  the  principal  stockholders.  This 
company  has  published  The  Miner  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  W.  E.  Talmadge  is  the  present 
editor. 

Newspaper  work  in  Stevens  county  in  early 
days  was  attended  with  much  hard  work  and 
many  difficulties.  It  was  also  unprofitable. 
Many  who  engaged  in  it  were  obliged  to  turn 
their  energies  in  other  directions  in  order  to 
secure  a  financial  footing,  but  the  county  has 
been  better  off  for  their  labors  in  the  newspaper 
field  and  their  work  is  appreciated. 

Meyers  Falls  has  had  two  newspaper  ven- 
tures. In  1897  E.  J.  Roberts  began  the  publi- 
cation of  the  Meyers  Falls  Magnet,  a  Republi- 
can sheet.  It  went  out  of  business  in  about 
six  months.  In  1898  i^Irs.  L.  E.  Blackmore 
purchased  a  newspaper  plant  in  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, shipped  it  to  Meyers  Falls  and  for  a 
little  less  than  a  year  published  the  Inland  En- 
sign, a  Democratic  paper.  Mrs.  Blackmore 
was  a  good  "newspaper  man,"  and  says  she 
made  money,  but  her  more  profitable  mercan- 
tile business  claimed  all  of  her  time  and  she  sus- 
pended the  publication  of  the  Liland  Ensign. 
The  plant  was  removed  to  Republic. 

FERRY  COUNTY. 

While  the  "North  Half"  of  the  Colville 
Indian  reservation  was  opened  to  mineral  entry 
in  1896,  and  valuable  properties  discovered 
where  the  city  of  Republic  was  afterward  built, 
it  was  not  until  the  spring  of  1898  that  the 
grand  rush  to  the  land  of  promise  was  made. 
With  the  discoveries  of  the  rich  mines  at  Re- 
public Camp  and  the  rapid  building  of  a  new 
town  at  this  point  heralded  abroad,  it  would, 
indeed,  have  been  a  miracle  had  not  some  news- 
paper man  conceived  the  idea  of  bringing  in  a 


844 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


printing  plant  and  establishing  a  paper.     And 
no  miracle  happened. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1898  E.  R.  Cleve- 
land and  Albert  I.  Drake  purchased  a  plant 
and  set  out  for  the  famed  Republic  Camp.  The 
outfit  was  shipped  by  way  of  the  Spokane  Falls 
&  Northern  railway  to  Marcus,  and  from  there 
was  freighted  to  Republic,  the  latter  end  of  the 
journey  requiring  eight  days.  On  their  arrival 
at  their  destination  Messrs.  Cleveland  and 
Drake  at  once  set  to  work  and  the  first  paper  in 
Republic,  the  Republic  Pioneer,  made  its  ap- 
pearance March  26,  1898.  We  quote  from  its 
initial  issue: 

The  first  number  of  the  first  paper  to  be  printed  in 
Republic  makes  its  appearance  today.  One  year  ago 
those  in  this  section  would  have  been  charged  with  en- 
tertaining extreme  optimistic  views  concerning  the  camp 
had  they  predicted  that  a  paper  like  the  Pioneer  could 
be  circulated  in  March,  1898.  But  developments  and 
radical  changes  take  place  so  rapidly  in  this  age  that  it 
is  impossible  to  anticipate  the  future,  especially  in  the 
great  and  growing  west. 

The  Pioneer  will  do  what  it  can  to  help  develop  the 
business  of  Republic  and  advance  the  mining  interests 
of  the  entire  district.  It  will  take  pot  luck  with  the 
other  pioneers  of  the  camp,  putting  up  like  the  remainder 
of  the  community  with  the  inconveniencs  and  discom- 
forts that  exist  here  at  present.  As  the  camp  grows  this 
paper  will  grow  with  it.  Its  aim  will  be  to  print  all  the 
news  of  the  district. 

As  evidence  that  The  Pioneer  was  appre- 
ciated, the  publishers  state  that  within  four 
months'  time  the  plant,  which  had  cost  about 
$800,  had  been  paid  for  from  the  paper's  pa- 
tronage. To  those  who  have  had  experience 
in  managing  newspapers,  and  putting  them  on 
their  feet  financially,  this  fact  means  a  great 
deal.  The  Pioneer  was  first  published  as  a  six 
column  folio,  with  two  "patent"  pages,  but  the 
patronage  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  on 
May  21,  the  paper  was  made  all  "home 
print."  January  27,  following.  The  Pioneer 
was  enlarged  to  a  seven-column  folio  and  its 
four  pages  were  filled  with  live  local  news. 
November  18,  1899,  ^'l^''-  Cleveland  purchased 
his  partner's  interest  and  became  sole  proprie- 


tor, Mr.  Drake  retiring  to  engage  in  the  job 
printing  business  in  Republic.  Mr.  Cleveland 
continued  to  edit  the  paper  until  March  16, 
1901,  when  it  was  leased  by  J.  C.  Kerley.  Mr. 
Kerley  remained  with  the  paper  six  months,  at 
the  termination  of  which  period,  or  on  Sep- 
tember 7,  J.  E.  Cullins  became  the  editor. 
In  November  of  that  year  The  Pioneer  was 
consolidated  with  the  Republic  Miner. 

Although  the  Republic  Pioneer,  soon  after 
its  establishment,  became  the  oldest  established 
paper  in  the  county,  it  was  not  the  first  news- 
paper to  make  its  appearance  in  .Ferry  county. 
In  October,  1897,  Earl  McCarter,  of  Grand 
Forks,  B.  C,  and  Rube  Hull  took  a  printing 
outfit  from  Grand  Forks  to  the  new  town  of 
Nelson  (now  Danville),  just  over  the  interna- 
tional boundary  line,  in  Ferry  county,  and  es- 
tablished the  Reservation  Record.  This  paper 
was  published  for  over  a  year,  but  in  June, 

1898,  the  town  of  Republic  offering  a  better 
field  for  a  newspaper  than  did  Nelson,  the  plant 
was  removed  to  Republic  and  the  Republic 
Record  made  its  appearance.  Rube  Hull  and 
H.  C.  Parliment  were  the  publishers.  In  1900 
Mr.  Parliment  purchased  his  partner's  interest 
and  has  since  conducted  The  Record.  Politi- 
cally The  Record  stands  for  Republicanism. 

Until  January  21,  1899,  the  Pioneer  and 
Record  enjoyed  a  monopoly  of  the  newspaper 
business  in  Republic  and  Ferry  county.  On 
that  date  the  Republic  Miner  was  established 
by  John  R.  Reavis,  secretary  of  the  Spokane 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  Fred  Barker,  as  a 
Republican  newspaper.  The  following  year 
Mr.  Reavis  retired  from  the  business  and  Mr. 
Barker  became  sole  owner.  In  1901  he  pur- 
chased The  Pioneer  from  E.  R.  Cleveland  and 
consolidated  the  two  under  the  name  of  the 
Pioneer-Miner.  During  the  life  of  T.'tc  Miner 
the  town  of  Republic  was  passing  through  the 
sensational  experiences  of  a  "boom,"  and  news- 
paper   business  was  good.     From  Deceinber, 

1899,  to  November,  1900,  The  Miner  was 
issued  daily  as  well  as  weekly,  and  a  very  cred- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


845 


itable  publication  was  the  result.  The  Pioneer- 
Miner  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Barker  until  June 
15,  1903,  when  another  merger  of  newspaper 
interests  occurred,  the  Pioneer-Miner  and  The 
News  consolidating  and  passing  into  the  con- 
trol of  A.  I.  Drake. 

After  Mr.  Drake  had  retired  from  The  Pio- 
neer he  engaged  in  the  job  printing  business, 
but  October  4,  1900,  he  re-entered  the  field  and 
launched  the  Republic  Daily  News,  a  Demo- 
cratic newspaper.  The  Neu's  was  issued  as  a 
daily  only  until  November  17,  of  the  year  of 
its  establishment.  From  that  date  until  Decem- 
ber 4,  1901,  it  was  a  weekly  pubhcation,  and 
was  then  issued  twice  a  week  until  June  15, 
1903.  On  that  date  Mr.  Drake  purchased  from 
Mr.  Barker  the  Pioneer-Miner,  consolidated 
the  two  and  has  since  continued  the  publication 
under  the  name  of  the  Republic  News-Miner. 
It  is  a  Republican  paper.  Three  other  papers 
have  made  their  appearance  in  Republic,  but 
in  each  case  their  life  was  short. 

In  May,  1900,  Hughes  Brothers  established 
a  Democratic  paper — The  Journal — but  fol- 
lowing an  existence  of  one  short  month  it  sus- 
pended and  the  plant  was  purchased  by  The 
Pioneer.  The  Independent  American  was  put 
in  the  field  in  the  fall  of  1902,  by  J.  C.  Caie 
and  J.  C.  Kerley.  It  was  issued  as  a  daily  and 
weekly,  the  former  being  Independent  in  poli- 
tics and  the  latter  Democratic.  This  was  a 
campaign  sheet  and  was  issued  only  about  two 
months.  In  December,  1902,  J.  L.  Harper 
brought  a  newspaper  plant  to  Republic  from 
the  Palouse  country  and  began  the  publication 
of  the  Morning  Standard,  but  only  a  few  num- 
bers were  printed. 

In  1899  Keller,  on  the  "South  Half  of  the 
reservation  enjoyed  quite  a  "boom."  and  in  that 
year  the  Keller  Miner  was  established  by  Thur- 
ston Daniels,  son  of  the  then  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor of  Washington.  Publication  was  sus- 
pended after  one  year.  Shortly  afterward  M. 
E.  Robb  renewed  the  publication  of  The  Miner, 
but  after  a  few  months  of  publication  it  was 


laid  aside.  The  little  town  of  Danville,  until 
1902  known  as  Nelson,  has  been  highly  distin- 
guished by  attempts  to  conduct  newspapers 
within  its  limits.  The  first  one  in  the  county 
was  published  there  and  since  that  time  two 
other  papers  have  appeared  in  the  field.  For 
some  time  in  1901  there  was  published  at  Nel- 
son a  very  unique  article  in  the  line  of  a  news- 
paper. Nels  B.  Nelson,  one  of  the  business 
men  of  the  town,  issued  the  Nelson  Bee  from  a 
"toy"  printing  outfit.  In  November  of  the 
same  year  J.  E.  McCarter,  the  Grand  Forks 
newspaper  man,  took  a  portion  of  his  plant  to 
Nelson  and  there  established  a  paper  which 
was  issued  only  for  two  or  three  weeks.  It  was 
edited  by  J.  E.  Cullins. 

Aside  from  the  two  papers  at  the  county 
seat  the  only  other  newspaper  in  Ferry  county 
is  the  Kettle  River  Journal,  published  at  Orient 
by  A.  A.  Anderson.  The  Journal  was  estab- 
lished in  June,  1902,  and  politically  it  is  Demo- 
cratic. 

OKANOGAN    COUNTY. 

At  the  present  writing,  January,  1904, 
there  are  five  weekly  newspapers  published  in 
Okanogan  county — the  Okanogan  Record  at 
Conconully,  the  Palmer  Mountain  Prospector 
at  Loomis,  the  Breivster  Herald  at  Brewster, 
the  Meyers  Creek  Neivs  at  Chesaw,  and  the 
Methow  Valley  Nezvs  at  Twisp.  Other  papers 
have  made  their  appearance  at  different  points 
in  the  county,  flourished  for  a  time  while  the 
town  in  which  they  were  published  was  enjoy- 
ing prosperity,  and  then  with  the  reversal  of 
fortune  they  would  cease  to  exist. 

The  first  paper  published  in  the  county  was 
the  Okanogan  Outlook,  at  Conconully.  The 
discoveries  of  rich  silver  ore  in  the  Salmon 
River  Mining  district  had  brought  hundreds 
of  people  to  the  Okanogan  country  and  Con- 
conully had  become  a  flourishing  mining  camp 
in  1888.  In  July  of  that  year  The  Outlook 
made  its  appearance,  a  four-page,  six-column 
sheet,   two  pages  home  print  and  two  pages 


846 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


"patent."  The  subscription  price  was  $2.50 
per  year,  w  hich  rate  was  maintained  during  the 
Kfe  of  the  paper.  W.  B.  McDougal  was  the 
proprietor  and  editor  of  the  pioneer  newspaper 
of  Okanogan  county.  Mr.  McDougal  pub- 
Hshed  the  paper  for  about  a  year  and  then  dis- 
posed of  it  to  E.  W.  Lee  and  J.  W.  Romaine, 
"the  former  a  merchant  and  the  latter  a  lawyer, 
both  of  Conconully.  For  only  six  months  was 
The  Outlook  published  tuider  the  proprietor- 
ship of  Lee  &  Romaine.  It  \\as  then  sold  to 
A.  H.  Alford,  who  remained  the  publisher 
about  six  months  and  then  sold  it  to  H.  W. 
Thompson. 

The  history  of  The  Outlook  under  Mr. 
Thompson's  proprietorship  discloses  a  series  of 
misfortunes  and  difficulties  to  be  overcome,, 
rarely  experienced  in  newspaper  work  even  in 
the  newest  and  wildest  mining  camps  in  the 
northwest.  Mr.  Thompson  did  practically  all 
the  literary  work  as  well  as  typographical  on 
the  paper  from  start  to  finish,  and  his  efforts 
on  The  Outlook  were  one  of  the  chief  elements 
composing  the  forces  which  brought  about  the 
development  of  the  now  prosperous  Okanogan 
cownty.  The  disastrous  fire  which  visited  Con- 
conully August  30,  1892,  reduced  The  Outlook 
plant  to  ashes.  A  new  equipment  was  imme- 
diately installed.  Then  came  the  depreciation 
in  silver  and  the  resultant  closing  down  of  the 
silver  mines  aboift  Conconully.  Hard  times 
w;ere  upon  the  camp  and  as  usual  the  newspaper 
was  among  the  first  institutions  to  feel  the 
efi'ects.  But  misfortunes  generally  come  in 
car-load  lots  and  on  May  27.  1894,  The  Out- 
look was  again  placed  hors  de  combat  by  the 
flood,  the  plant  being  totally  destroyed.  Mr. 
Thompson  immediately  secured  another  outfit 
and  on  July  14th  resumed  publication.  Con- 
cerning Mr.  Thompson's  perseverance  a  con- 
temporary, the  Lcaveiizvorth  Times,  on  August 
4,  1894,  said: 

The  Okanogan  Outlook  has  again  made  its  appear- 
ance, looking  as  cheerful  as  though  the  visitation  of 
calamity  was  unknown  to   its  career.     Two  years  ago 


Brother  Thompson  sufYered  the  loss  of  his  entire  plant 
by  fire,  and  again  a  nemesis  in  the  form  of  a  tlood  cast 
its  withering  scowl  upon  him.  His  pluck  and  perse- 
verance in  battling  against  fate's  irony  cannot  be  too 
highly  appreciated  by  the  people  of  the  upper  Okanogan 
country,  and  if  the  sincere  wish  of  his  fellow  newspaper 
men  will  assist  in  warding  off  misfortunes  of  the  future 
and  will  aid  in  paving  the  way  to  prosperity  his  tribula- 
tions are  at  an  end  and  the  golden  goal  of  triumph 
awaits  his  entry. 

Owing  to  the  irregularity  of  the  freight 
traffic  in  the  early  days  difficulty  was  often  ex- 
perienced in  getting  print  paper  for  the  publi- 
cation and  on  several  occasions  The  Outlook 
made  its  appearance  printed  on  wrapping  pa- 
per. Notwithstanding  all  these  difficulties  and 
misfortunes  the  pioneer  Okanogan  newspaper 
was  a  very  creditable  publication  during  its  en- 
tire life,  and  will  never  be  forgotten  by  the  pio- 
neers who  settled  the  county.  In  politics 
The  Outlook  was  Republican  throughout  all 
the  changes  in  proprietorship.  In  the  fall  of 
1898  Mr.  Thompson  suspended  publication  of 
the  paper  and  removed  to  Republic  where  he  is 
now  engaged  in  the  hotel  business.  Part  of  the 
newspaper  plant  was  removed  and  part  has 
since  gone  to  wreck.  For  over  two  years  the 
Okanogan  Outlook  enjoyed  a  monopoly  of  the 
newspaper  business  in  the  county,  but  Novem- 
ber I,  1890,  a  second  publication  made  its  ap- 
pearance. This  was  the  Ruby  Miner,  a  Demo- 
cratic organ  established  by  Dr.  C.  F.  Webb.  A. 
H.  Alford.  who  a  short  time  before  had  pub- 
lished The  Outlook,  was  installed  as  editor  by 
Dr.  Webb.  The  Mi)ier  was  a  four-page,  six- 
column  paper,  and  all  its  columns  were  printed 
at  home.  The  subscription  price  was  $2.50 
per  annum,  and  for  display  advertising  $2  per 
inch  per  month  was  charged.  While  to  the 
average  country  newspaper  man  of  today  these 
prices  would  appear  exorbitant,  they  were  not 
so  considered  in  this  flourishing  mining  camp. 

In  June,  1891,  the  control  of  The  Miner 
passed  into  the  hands  of  a  stock  company,  the 
Ruby  Publishing  Company,  Mr.  Alford  con- 
tinuing as  editor.  September  2.  1891.  Mr. 
Alford  severed  his  connection  witli  the  paper 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


S47 


and  George  J.  Hurley,  now  representing  the 
counties  of  Okanogan,  Ferry  and  Douglas  in 
the  Washington  state  senate,  assumed  editorial 
charge.  For  three  years  The  Miner  discoursed 
\veekly  on  the  virtues  of  Okanogan  county  and 
the  town  of  Ruby  in  particular,  but  with  the 
closing  down  of  the  mines  in  the  vicinity  and 
the  deterioration  of  Ruby  T.hc  Miner  suspended. 

The  Looiniston  Jonrnal  was  the  name  of  a 
paper  published  by  A.  H.  Sroufe  at  Loomis 
(then  known  as  Loomiston).  The  Journal 
was  established  in  June,  1893,  just  before  the 
hard  times  struck  the  famous  mining  camp,  but 
battled  against  fate  for  a  couple  of  years,  and 
expired. 

In  August,  1892,  J.  M.  Hagerty,  the  min- 
ing man,  began  the  publication  of  a  paper  at 
Oro\'iIle — the  Madre  d'Oro.  This  is  said  to 
have  been  a  "red  hot"'  paper  and  after  a  few 
months'  publication  suspended. 

The  oldest  paper  in  Okanogan  county  at 
the  present  time  is  the  Palmer  Mountain  Pros- 
pector, published  at  Loomis.  The  first  issue 
of  the  paper  was  printed  May  28,  1897,  and 
was  launched  by  Frank  M.  Dallam,  who  still 
presides  over  its  destinies.  Mr.  Dallam  was 
attracted  to  Loomis  by  the  revival  of  mining 
in  the  Palmer  Mountain  District,  going  there 
from  Spokane,  where  he  had  been  engaged  in 
the  newspaper  business  for  several  years.  He 
is  the  founder  of  the  Spokane  Reviezv,  the  first 
daily  paper  in  Spokane  which  did  not  fail. 

The  Prospector  was  established  as  a  four- 
page,  six-column  paper  and  for  more  than  a 
year  all  four  pages  were  printed  at  home.  It 
was  filled  with  interesting  local  news  matter 
and  was  ever  as  faithful  to  the  interests  of  the 
district  as  it  is  today.  Shortly  after  establish- 
ing The  Prospector  Mr.  Dallam  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Lincoln  County  Times,  of  Daven- 
port, and  for  two  years  he  spent  nearly  his  en- 
tire time  on  the  Davenport  publication.  Dur- 
ing his  absence  the  Loomis  paper  for  a  part  of 
the  time  was  in  charge  of  Fred  J.  Fine,  who 
afterward  edited  the  Chesaz^'  Kczcs.  and  later 


the  Meyers  Creek  Nox's  at  Chesaw .  The  bal- 
ance of  the  time  it  was  in  charge  of  Frank  M. 
Dallam,  Jr.  The  Prospector  has,  beyond  a 
doubt,  done  more  for  the  mining  interests  of 
upper  Okanogan  county  than  any  other  single 
agency.  Mr.  Dallam  is  a  thorough  newspaper 
man  and  The  Prospector  ranks  among  the  best 
edited  papers  in  eastern  Washington.  Polit- 
cally  it  is  Republican. 

The  now  practically  deserted  town  of  Bol- 
ster was  the  home  of  a  newspaper  for  one  year. 
In  June,  1900,  D.  C.  Jenkins  started  the  Bolster 
Drill.  The  Drill  stopped  boring  when  the  town 
ceased  to  thrive,  suspetiding  on  its  first  birth- 
day. A.  A.  Batterson,  now  engaged  in  literary 
work  in  Seattle,  launched  a  number  of  news- 
paper ventures  in  Okanogan  county.  The  first 
of  these  was  at  Oroville.  That  town  was  un- 
dergoing a  railroad  boom,  that  is,  there  were 
good  prospects  for  the  building  of  a  road  to 
Oroville  immediately,  and  Mr.  Batterson  de- 
cided to  get  in  on  the  ground  floor.  Accord- 
ingly he  brought  in  from  Ellensburg  a  well 
equipped  plant  which  had  formerly  been  em- 
ployed in  the  publication  of  the  Ellensburg 
Daily  Register,  and  established  his  first  paper 
in  Okanogan  county,  in  1899.  The  railroad  at 
Oroville  did  not  materialize,  and  after  three 
months  he  discontinued  publication.  The  fol- 
lowing year  George  W.  Mechem  was  building 
the  town  of  Molson  and  Mr.  Batterson  was 
induced  to  cast  his  lot  in  this  new  and  decidedly 
"boom"  town.  Accordingly  on  September  7, 
1900,  he  began  the  publication  of  the  Molson 
Magnet.  This  paper  was  destined  to  live  only 
a  few  issues  as  the  crash  in  Mr.  Mechem's  for- 
tunes came  shortly  afterward,  and  the  three 
hundred  people  who  had  come  to  the  new  town 
departed,  and  Mr.  Batterson  departed  with 
them. 

He  removed  his  plant  to  Loomis  and  in  Oc- 
tober, 1900,  put  forth  a  Democratic  paper,  the 
Loomis  Register,  in  opposition  to  The  Prospec- 
tor. It  was  a  four-column,  four-page  paper, 
all  home  print.    The  venture  was  not  a  success. 


848 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


financially,  but  Mr.  Batterson  continued  the 
paper  until  April  28,  1903.  The  plant  was  then 
purchased  by  Mr.  L.  L.  Work,  the  Conconully 
banker,  and  other  business  men  and  farmers, 
who  formed  the  Record  Publishing  Company 
for  the  publication  of  a  newspaper  at  the  county 
seat,  and  on  May  19,  1903,  the  Okanogan  Rec- 
ord made  its  initial  bow.  Mr.  Batterson  edited 
the  paper  until  September  4,  when  Ozro  H. 
Woody,  formerly  managing  editor  of  the  Fair- 
havcn  Evening  Journal,  was  installed  as  editor. 
A  new  Taylor  cylinder  press  and  a  steam  en- 
gine to  provide  power  have  been  added  to  the 
plant  formerly  employed  in  the  publication  of 
the  Ellensbitrg  Daily  Register,  and  The  Rec- 
ord's plant  is  now  fully  equipped  and  one  of  the 
best  in  northern  Washington.  One  of  the  fea- 
tures of  The  Record  is  the  weekly  publication 
of  news  from  every  part  of  the  county,  and  it 
is  doing  no  injustice  to  the  other  papers  of  the 
county  to  say  that  in  the  matter  of  county  news 
The  Record  is  the  best  paper  in  the  county.  A 
large  circulation  has  been  built  up  and  it  has 
readers  in  every  hamlet  in  the  county.  Polit- 
ically it  is  Republican. 

In  1901  an  effort  was  made  to  establish  a 
newspaper  in  Chesaw.  The  effort  was  only 
partially  successful.  The  Chesazv  Times  made 
its  appearance  at  irregular  intervals.  Fred  J. 
Fine  endeavored  to  resurrect  the  publication 
and  on  June  7  The  Times  was  given  a  fresh 
start.      But  it   soon    suspended.       In   March, 

1902,  the  people  of  Chesaw  were  successful  in 
the  establishment  of  a  permanent  newspaper. 
This  was  the  Meyers  Creek  Nezi's  and  was 
launched  by  the  Meyers  Creek  Printing  &  Pub- 
lishing Company  of  which  D.  Frazer,  L.  A. 
Loundagin,  J.  O.  Loundagin,  H.  McGregor 
and  A.  B.  Campbell  were  the  stockholders. 
Fred  J.   Fine  edited   The  Nexi's  until  ]\Iay  9, 

1903,  when  it  was  taken  in  chaige  by  L.  A.  and 
J.  O.  Loundagin.  November  i,  1903,  the 
plant  was  purchased  by  J.  O.  Sehorn,  until  re- 
cently of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  who  is  now 
editor  and  proprietor.     The  Nezi's  has  always 


had  the  interests  of  the  Meyers  Creek  Mining 
District  at  heart,  and  is  always  working  to 
herald  abroad  the  virtues  of  the  locality  and 
the  town  of  Chesaw. 

The  latest  venture  in  the  newspaper  busi- 
ness in  Okanogan  county  is  the  Methow  Valley 
Mezcs,  published  in  the  young,  but  progressive 
town  of  Twisp.  The  Nciz's  was  established 
July  10,  1903.  H.  E.  Marble  is  the  editor  and 
publisher. 

The  Braciter  Herald  was  established  July 
13,  1901,  by  D.  L.  Gillespie.  The  paper  was 
first  issued  as  a  four-page,  six-column  sheet, 
with  two  patent  pages,  but  following  the  publi- 
cation of  a  few  issues  it  was  increased  in  size 
to  a  seven-column  paper,  in  which  form  it  has 
since  been  maintained.  J.  E.  Savage  became 
associated  with  Mr.  Gillespie  shortly  after  the 
paper  was  launched,  and  he  still  owns  an  in- 
terest in  it.    The  Herald  is  a  Republican  paper. 

The  Methow  Herald  was  the  name  of  a 
newspaper  issued  by  Mark  W.  Musgrove  at 
Methow.  It  was  established  in  March,  1895, 
and  lived  but  a  few  issues.  No  plant  was  put 
in,  the  mechanical  work  being  done  in  Spokane. 
The  Squaw  Creek  Alining  District  had  brought 
many  people  to  Methow,  and  at  one  period  it 
looked  as  if  a  paper  might  be  maintained,  but 
results  proved  the  contrary. 

CHELAN  COUNTY. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  the  terri- 
tory which  several  years  later  was  made  a  new 
political  division  of  the  state  of  Washington 
and  named  Chelan  county,  was  the  Wenatchee 
Advance.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  is  a  paper  pub- 
lished in  the  state  today,  of  equal  age,  which 
has  witnessed  so  many  changes  in  administra- 
tration,  in  politics,  policy  and  prosperity.  The 
first  copy  of  The  Advance  was  taken  from  the 
press  May  7,  1891.  It  was  at  first  a  seven-col- 
umn folio,  two  pages  of  which  were  printed 
away  from  home.  Frank  Reeves,  who  estab- 
lished the  Washington  Sentinel  at  Ellensburg, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


849 


and  who  had  previously  been  editor  of  the 
Washington  State  Register,  launched  The  Ad- 
vance, and  for  nearly  a  year  was  editor  and 
publisher.  "Washington,  Kittitas  county  and 
Wenatchee"  was  The  Advance  s  theme,  and 
"Independent  in  all  things  and  neutral  in  noth- 
ing" was  its  motto.  At  this  period  Wenatchee 
was  a  little  \illage  with  possibly  one  hundred 
people  within  its  limits.  The  railroad  was  an 
uncertain  possibility,  and  the  establishment  of 
a  newspaper  an  uncertain  venture. 

March  24,  1892,-  Mr.  Reeves  associated 
with  him  in  the  publication  Mr.  O.  B.  Fuller 
and  The  Advance  continued  publication  under 
the  firm  name  of  O.  B.  Fuller  &  Company.  At 
this  time  the  railroad  was  an  assured  fact  and 
Wenatchee  began  to  enter  upon  most  prosper- 
ous times.  Two  months  later  the  paper  was 
made  all  home  print  to  accommodate  the  in- 
creased patronage.  July  7,  of  this  year  The 
Advance,  which  had  heretofore  been  an  inde- 
pendent paper — in  name  at  least — announced 
that  thenceforward  its  politics  would  be  Demo- 
cratic, and  it  took  an  active  part  in  the  cam- 
paign following.  May  11,  1893,  Mr.  Reeves,  the 
founder,  severed  his  connection  with  the  paper, 
and  L.  E.  Kellogg,  who  is  at  present  auditor  of 
Douglas  county,  Washington,  took  editorial 
charge,  Mr.  Fuller  still  retaining  his  interest. 
Under  Mr.  Kellogg's  administration  The  Ad- 
vance became  a  Republican  org-an  and  worked 
for  that  party  in  the  campaign  of  1894.  Sep- 
tember 2,  1893,  the  paper  was  again  issued 
with  two  pages  "patent,"  and  the  following 
spring  another  reduction  in  size  was  made  "to 
suit  the  times,"  it  being  made  a  four-column, 
four-page  paper.  For  several  years  thereafter 
The  Advance  was  a  four-column  paper,  the 
number  of  pages  varying  from  four  to  twelve. 

Arthur  Gunn  leased  the  plant  January  i, 
1895,  and  conducted  it  for  a  short  time,  when 
it  again  reverted  to  O.  B.  Fuller.  Mr.  Fuller 
conducted  the  paper  until  July  18,  1896,  when 
A.  H.  Bosworth  purchased  a  one-half  interest 
and  the  publishing  firm  became  Fuller  &  Bos- 


worth. At  this  time  the  politics  of  the  paper 
again  underwent  a  change  and  in  the  campaign 
of  1896  the  free  silver  forces  received  The 
Advance's  support.  January  i,  1897,  Mr. 
Fuller,  who  had  been  identified  with  The  Ad- 
vance five  years,  in  every  capacity  from  "devil" 
to  editor  and  publisher,  sold  his  interest  to  E. 
T.  Balch,  and  the  publishers  became  Balch  & 
Bosworth.  The  paper  still  supported  the  free 
silver  forces.  Mr.  Fuller  was  not  destined  to 
long  remain  away  from  the  paper  which  he  had 
so  many  years  been  connected  with,  for  Sep- 
tember 18,  of  the  same  year  Messrs.  Balch  & 
Bosworth  retired,  and  the  management  again 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Fuller.  He  con- 
tinued the  publication  of  The  Advance  until 
January  i,  1899,  when  A.  H.  Bosworth  again 
resumed  charge  and  announced  that  the  paper 
under  his  management  would  be  independent 
in  politics. 

December  27,,  1899,  Fred  Reeves  purchased 
a  half  interest  in  The  Advance  and  became 
editor  and  business  manager.  Under  the  re- 
gime of  Bosworth  &  Reeves  the  paper  again 
entered  the  Democratic  fold.  At  the  time  Mr. 
Reeves  became  associated  with  the  paper  it  was 
enlarged  to  a  six-column  folio  and  was  printed 
at  home.  In  May,  1900,  the  old  form  of  a  four 
column  paper  was  again  substituted,  but  it  con- 
sisted of  eight  pages  and  was  filled  with  live 
and  newsy  local  matter.  April  13,  1901,  owing 
to  ill  health,  Mr.  Bosworth  retired.  In  Sep- 
tember B.  N.  Kennedy  became  interested  with 
Mr.  Reeves  in  the  publication  of  The  Advance, 
but  remained  only  a  short  time.  Mr.  Reeves 
sold  The  Advance  June  28,  1902,  to  A.  S. 
Lindsay,  who  immediately  disposed  of  a  half 
interest  to  Martin  P.  Spencer.  With  this 
change  in  management  the  paper  became  Re- 
publican in  politics  and  was  enlarged  to  a  seven 
column  folio,  all  home  print.  In  June,  1903, 
Lynn  W.  Miller  purchased  Mr.  Lindsay's  half 
interest,  but  resold  to  that  gentleman  four 
months  later. 

The  Advance  has  a  well  equipped  plant  in 


850 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


every  particular.  It  is  printed  upon  a  large  cyl- 
inder press,  :md  power  is  furnished  by  an  elec- 
tric dynamo.  It  now  occupies  a  place  among 
the  leading  papers  of  central  Washington. 

The  second  newspaper  to  be  installed  in 
what  is  now  Chelan  county  was  the  Chchvi 
Falls  Leader,  which  first  sounded  the  praises 
of  Chelan  county  August  6,  1891 — only  a  few- 
months  after  the  U'cnaichce  Advance  first  re- 
hearsed the  virtues  of  the  Wenatchee  country. 
In  the  summer  of  1891  De  Witt  C.  Britt 
brought  into  Chelan  Falls,  which  was  then 
showing  the  first  symptoms  of  a  "boom."  a 
printing  outfit  which  he  had  purchased  at  St. 
Paul.  Minnesota,  for  $Soo.  Concerning  the 
difficulties  encountered  in  "getting  started," 
Mr.  Britt  said  in  his  first  issue :  "At  last  the 
Leader  is  on  deck,  over  a  month  later  than  its 
originally  published  date.  We  were  consid- 
erably, though  una\-oidably  delayed,  in  getting 
our  printing  office  material  on  the  ground. 
Then  so  great  was  the  demand  for  lumber 
we  were  obliged  to  wait  until  we  found  a  build- 
ing which  we  could  occupy;  and  lastly,  when 
we  hoped  to  be  able  to  issue  on  the  first,  a  por- 
tion of  the  press  gave  way  and  had  to  be  re- 
paired— one  delay  after  another — until  we  are 
truly  glad  to  be  on  earth  at  all." 

Th«  Leader  began  life  a  seven-column  folio 
and  each  of  its  four  pages  were  well  filled  with 
interesting  home  news  and  descriptive  matter. 
For  the  first  few  years  of  its  life  The  Leader 
was  a  liberal  Republican  paper.  It  was 
started  and  continued  for  one  year  under 
contract  with  the  Chelan  Falls  townsite 
owners.  It  was  expected  at  that  time 
that  Chelan  I*"alls  was  to  become  the 
metropolis  of  the  Lake  Chelan  country,  but 
after  the  contract  was  fulfilled  Mr.  Britt  de- 
cided that  Chelan  would  be  the  future  town. 
Accordingly  on  August  4,  1892,  he  moved  his 
plant  to  that  town  and  continued  publication 
under  the  name  of  the  Chelan  Leader.  In  jus- 
tification of  this  move  Mr.  Britt  said :  "In  the 
present  move  The  Leader  simply,  and  as  a  mat- 


ter of  judgment,  chooses  the  central  location 
co\ering  at  once  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  the  great 
water  power,  a  splendid  natural  townsite  and 
the  center  of  population,  giving  the  newspaper 
vital  touch  with  the  wonderful  Chelan  mining 
district,  upon  which,  in  a  large  measure,  the 
future  prosperity  of  the  whole  proposition  de- 
pends, as  well  as  with  the  Columbia  river's 
navigable  waters  and  the  splendid  wheat  fields 
that  lie  to  the  eastward." 

When  the  change  of  location  was  made 
The  Leader  was  issued  as  a  five-column  quarto, 
four  pages  of  which  were  "patent."  May  i-i, 
1893,  the  paper  was  enlarged  to  a  seven-column 
folio  and  the  "patent"  feature  was  eliminated. 
The  era  of  "hard  times"  was  approaching, 
liowever,  and  The  Leader  was  obliged  to  prac- 
tice retrenchment  in  common  with  all  business 
enterprises  in  those  days.  The  paper  was  re- 
duced to  a  five-column  folio.  During  the  suc- 
ceeding few  years  Tlie  Leader  struggled  hard 
for  an  existence.  It  is  not  often  that  newspaper 
men  in  pioneer  settlements  attain  a  footholtl 
without  going  through  adversity,  but  it  is 
doubtful  if  any  ever  encountered  more  difficul- 
ties than  did  iMr.  Britt  in  keeping  The  Leader 
on  top  of  earth.  Quite  often  it  would  really 
seem  as  if  the  paper  must  suspend  publication. 
Men  with  less  determination  and  grit  than  this 
editor  would  have  given  up  in  despair  and 
sought  new  fields  and  greener  pastures.  But 
The  Leader  struggled  on,  occasionally  missing" 
an  issue,  and  finally  weathered  the  storm.  It 
was  not  until  March  3,  1899,  that  the  paper 
was  enlarged.  On  that  date  it  was  made  a 
six-column  folio,  all  home  print.  The  Leader 
is  still  published  by  De  Witt  C.  Britt,  its 
founder.  At  first  it  advocated  the  principles 
of  the  Republican  party:  then  it  joined  forces 
with  the  free  silver  party,  in  common  with  so 
tnany  papers  in  the  western  mining  districts. 
It  is  now  an  independent  publication,  although 
taking  an  active  part  in  politics.  The  Leader 
is  ^\\  printed  in  the  home  oftice.  which  is  sup- 
plied with  a   cylinder  press    and  all   modern 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


851 


equipments  in  the  printing  line.  A  notable 
feature  of  The  Leader  is  its  loyalty  to  the  Che- 
lan country,  and  since  its  establishment  in  1891 
hundreds  of  pages  have  been  devoted  to  de- 
scription of  the  natural  resources  of  the  lake 
and  its  surroundings,  its  advantages  as  a  sum- 
mer resort,  and  its  mineral  resources. 

The  WenatcJiee  Grapliic  was  the  name  of  a 
paper  established  in  Wenatchee  July  6,  1892, 
by  S.  Y.  Sterling.  This  paper  was  an  eight- 
column  folio,  all  home  print,  and  was  Re- 
publican in  politics.  One  month  after  its  estab- 
lishment Tlie  Graphic  was  purchased  by 
Charles  Metcalf  and  \\'.  W.  Booth,  who  con- 
ducted it  until  November  3,  1902,  when  publi- 
cation was  suspended. 

Another  newspaper  which  lived  a  short 
time  in  1892  was  the  Rock  Ishvid  Sun,  which 
was  born  August  18,  1892.  T.he  Siui  was  pre- 
sided over  by  Penrose  &  Adams.  It  was  a  six- 
column  folio  Republican  organ,  and  expired 
just  before  election  day — November  3,  1892. 

The  first  newspaper  venture  in  Lakeside 
was  the  Lake  Chelan  Eagle,  which  was 
launched  by  A.  S.  Lindsay  August  i,  1892. 
The  Eagle  screamed  for  little  over  a  year  and 
passed  away  September  28,  1893.  It  advocated 
Republican  doctrines,  and  was  a  seven-column 
folio,  home  print. 

Frank  Reeves,  who  founded  The  Advance 
at  ^^'enatchee,  and  who  sold  that  publication 
in  the  spring  of  1893,  moved  to  Leavenworth, 
which  had  been  made  the  division  town  of  the 
Great  Northern  railroad  and' was  coming  into 
prominence.  Here  on  July  i,  of  that  year, 
Mr.  Reeves  started  the  Leavenzvortli  Times,  a 
six-column  folio,  of  Democratic  persuasion. 
In  April,  1894,  Fred  Reeves  assumed  editorial 
charge  of  the  paper. 

Following  the  suspension  of  the  Lake  Chelan 
Eagle  at  Lakeside  A.  S.  Lindsay  moved  the 
plant  to  Leavenworth  and  on  November  4, 
1893,  began  publishing  the  Leavenzvortli  Jour- 
nal in  opposition  to  T.he  Times.  ]\Ir.  Lindsay's 
paper  was  a  seven-column  folio  and  Republican 


in  politics.  For  nearly  four  years  these  two 
papers  were  published  at  Leavenworth.  April 
I,  1897,  the  Times  and  Journal  were  consoli- 
dated and  A.  S.  Lindsay  continued  publication 
under  the  name  of  the  Leavenivorth  Times- 
Journal,  Mr.  Reeves  retiring.  In  August,  1898, 
:Mr.  Lindsay  discontinued  the  paper  and  moved 
the  plant  to  \\'enatchee  where  a  better  field  was 
open,  and  established  the  JVcnatchee  Repub- 
lican. 

Another  attempt  was  made  in  1894  to  main- 
tain a  paper  in  Chelan  Falls.  In  that  year  Lu- 
cien  E.  Kellogg  and  A.  H.  Bosworth  launched 
a  Republican  paper,  the  Chelan  Falls  Herald. 
This  did  not  prove  a  financial  success  and  was 
discontinued. 

As  before  stated  the  JVenatchee  Republican 
was  established  by  A.  S.  Lindsay,  who  moved 
his  Leavenworth  plant  to  the  larger  town. 
This  paper  made  its  initial  bow  September  8, 
1898.  Lindsay  &  Son  were  the  publishers, 
Fred  M.  Lindsay  having  become  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  enterprise,  but  after  a  few 
issues  ceased  to  be  connected  with  the  paper. 
The  Republican  was  established  as  a  seven- 
column  folio  with  "patent  outside,"  July  14, 
1900,  Mr.  Lindsay  associated  with  him  his  two 
sons,  Thomas  B.  and  Brent  A.  The  paper  was 
made  all  home  print  at  this  time,  and  many  im- 
provements were  made.  In  September,  1901, 
Lindsay  &  Sons  sold  the  Republican  to  E.  R. 
Nunamaker  and  J.  R.  McLeod.  the  former  be- 
coming manager  and  the  latter  editor.  March 
7,  1902,  Mr.  Nunamaker  disposed  of  his  inter- 
ests to  his  partner  and  Mr.  McLeod  became 
sole  proprietor.  April  4,  of  the  same  year 
the  plant  was  purchased  by  George  W.  Hopp. 
an  old  time  newspaper  man  of  Olympia.  wlio 
associated  with  him  H.  A.  IMcBride.  October 
4.  1902,  an  interest  in  the  Republican  was  pur- 
chased by  Lynn  W.  Miller  and  Harry  E.  ]\Iar- 
ble,  and  during  their  regime  the  paper  was  is- 
sued by  the  Republican  Printing  Company.  In 
the  spring  of  1903  George  W.  Hopp  purchased 
his  partner's  interests  and  immediately  sold  the 


852 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


Republican  to  W.  T.  Clark,  df  the  Wenatchee 
Canal  Company.  ]Mr.  Clark  installed  Deed 
H.  Mayor,  as  manager.  The  paper  was  con- 
tinued under  this  management  only  one  month, 
and  June  i,  Leonard  Fowler,  of  Seattle,  took 
charge.  Mr.  Fowler  at  once  changed  the  name 
of  the  publication  from  Republican  to  Republic. 
The  paper  is  now  issued  as  a  six-column  quarto, 
and  is  all  printed  at  home. 

The  Lakeside  Light  is  a  publication  at 
Lakeside  which  was  established  June  12,  1902, 
by  Edward  J.  Dwyer.  June  11,  1903,  the  Light 
was  purchased  by  DeWitt  C.  Britt,  of  Che- 
lan, and  published  under  the  name  of  the  Lake- 
side Printing  Company.    J.  Alex  Switzer  was 


installed  as  manager  and  on  Tuesday,  January 
26,  1904,  Mr.  Switzer  purchased  the  plant. 
The  Light  is  a  five-column  folio,  all  home  print, 
and  is  Republican  in  politics. . 

December  18,  1893,  the  Fruit  Valley  Jour- 
nal was  put  on  its  feet  by  H.  E.  Weymouth. 
This  publication  is  a  five-column,  six-page  pa- 
per, and  is  all  printed  at  home. 

The  latest  venture  in  Chelan  county,  news- 
papers is  the  Leavenworth  Echo,  established  by 
Deed  H.  Mayor,  and  John  W.  Ladin,  January 
22,  1904.  The  Echo  is  a  five-column  folio, 
all  printed  at  home  and  is  Republican  in  poli- 
tics. 


CHAPTER  n. 


REMINISCENT. 


INCIDENT  IN  WRIGHT  S  CAMPAIGN. 

Mr.  S.  F.  Sherwood,  of  Colville,  one  of  the 
very  earliest  of  Stevens  county  pioneers,  gives 
an  interesting  account  of  an  incident  in  the 
campaign  of  Colonel  Wright  against  the  mar- 
auding Indian  tribes  in  1858.  Although  Mr. 
Sherwood  was  not  present  at  the  time  of  the 
incident  which  he  relates,  he  came  to  the  coun- 
try the  following  year  and  is  familiar  with  all 
the  events  and  happenings  of  Governor  Ste- 
vens' efforts  to  bring  the  unruly  Indian  tribes 
into  subjugation. 

Colonel  Wright  was  operating  with  a  small 
army  in  the  vicinity  of  Spokane  Falls.  Nearly 
all  of  the  Indian  tribes  in  the  locality  had 
banded  together  and  were  committing  numer- 
ous depredations,  raiding  the  white  settlers, 
stampeding  their  stock  and  committing  an  oc- 


casional murder.  The  lower  Spokanes  and  the 
Sans  Foil  Indians  did  not  take  part  in  these 
depredations,  and  the  Nez  Perce  tribe  was  an 
ally  of  the  soldiers.  But  all  the  other  tribes 
of  the  country,  headed  by  the  Coeur  d'AIenes, 
were  terrorizing  the  whole  country.  The  In- 
dians were  mounted  and  were  making  for  the 
Bitter  Root  country.  The  soldiers  were  not 
strong  enough  to  check  their  progress  while 
the  savages  were  mounted  and  were  only  able 
to  follow  up  and  keep  in  touch  with  them. 

On  this  account  Colonel  Wright  decided  to 
put  the  savages  afoot.  His  soldiers  rounded 
up  all  the  horses  of  the  Indians,  and  to  this  the 
marauders  made  no  particular  objection,  but  at 
night  the  horses  were  stampeded  and  the  fol- 
lowing day  the  Indians  were  off  as  usual  on  a 
raiding  trip.  Again  the  horses  were  rounded 
up,  and  again  were  they  stampeded  and  res- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


853 


cued  by  the  Indians.  Several  attempts  met 
with  the  same  result.  The  Indians  simply 
laughed  at  Colonel  Wright's  attempts  to  cap- 
ture them  afoot.  Exasperated  by  his  repeated 
failure  to  bring  the  savages  to  time,  Wright  de- 
cided upon  another  course.  A  strong  corral 
was  built  and  into  this  the  horses  were  driven. 
Then  the  order  was  given  to  shoot  every  ani- 
mal. Many  of  the  soldiers  were  poorly  mount- 
ed and  desired  to  exchange  their  mounts  for  a 
better  one  among  the  horses  in  the  corral.  Some 
wished  an  extra  saddle  horse  and  petitioned 
Colonel  Wright  to  let  them  select  one.  This 
Wright  refused  to  do  and  every  horse  in  the 
corral  was  killed  that  day.  The  soldiers  were 
lined  up  on  one  side  of  the  enclosure,  and  from 
early  in  the  morning  until  late  in  the  afternoon 
the  firing  continued.  The  Indiams,  attracted  by 
the  reports  of  the  rifles,  gathered  at  the  sol- 
diers' camp  to  witness  the  slaughter  of  their 
animals.  Eye  witnesses  state  that  thousands 
of  horses  were  killed  on  that  day,  and  the  sur- 
prise of  the  Indians,  who  at  first  considered  the 
order  a  bluff,  was  something  astonishing.  The 
place  where  the  shooting  took  place  was  some 
twenty  odd  miles  north  of  the  present  city  of 
Spokane,  and  for  many  years  it  was  known  as 
the  "bone  yard."  In  1862,  four  years  after  the 
event,  Mr.  Sherwood  visited  the  scene,  and 
says  at  that  time  the  sight  was  a  wonderful  one. 
Where  the  corral  had  stood  were  the  bones  of 
the  thousands  of  horses  that  had  been  slain,  in 
many  places  piled  several  feet  deep. 

This  was  a  hard  blow  to  the  Indians  and 
their  subjugation  was  brought  about  soon  after. 
Colonel  Wright,  who  before  had  been  unable 
to  secure  the  parties  guilty  of  the  different 
murders  that  had  been  committed,  now  cap- 
tured them  and  dealt  summary  justice.  On 
two  dififerent  occasions  five  or  six  were  hanged 
on  Hangman's  creek,  which  event  gave  the 
creek  its  name. 

SOMETHING  OF  A  BEAR  STORY. 

Many   are   the   probable    and     improbable 


"bear  stories"  told  by  the  pioneers  of  Stevens 
county.  Here  is  one  which  appeared  in  the 
Northport  Nczn's  in  1892.  The  classification 
is  left  to  the  reader.  The  story  is  alleged  to 
have  been  uttered  by  one  Barney  O'Brien  while 
under  the  hypnotic  influence  of  a  roaring  fire 
in  the  Nezcs  office  one  bleak  November  day  to 
a  party  of  miners  and  frontiersmen.  Here  is 
the  story : 

"Well,  boys,  if  you  will  permit  me,  I  will 
tell  you  a  true  bear  story.  I  know  none  of  you 
will  believe  it,  but  I  solemnly  aver  that  it  is 
the  truth.  It  was  one  cold,  raw  afternoon  in 
January  when  Jim  Cavanaugh  quit  working 
on  his  cabin  on  a  bleak  mountain  side  over  the 
river  not  far  from  Northport,  His  camp  was 
down  in  the  canyon,  and,  shouldering  his 
broad-ax,  he  started  down  to  prepare  his  frugal 
meal  of  bacon  and  beans.  The  trail  was  very 
steep  and  narrow  and  there  was  scarcely  any 
place  that  a  man  could  turn  to  one  wide  without 
danger  of  rolling  clear  to  the  bottom.  When 
about  half  way  down,  what  was  his  astonish- 
ment to  come  face  to  face  with  a  large,  black, 
villainous-looking  bear.  They  were  not  twen- 
ty feet  from  each  other.  Both  stopped  still 
and  eyed  the  other.  To  turn  and  run  in  the 
opposite  direction  would  be  certain  death  to  the 
one  that  did  so,  and  both  seemed  to  understand 
it.-  So  Jim  raised  his  ax  to  make  the  onslaught. 
At  the  same  moment  the  bear  jumped  toward 
him  and  before  the  ax  could  descend  the  bear 
had  grasped  it  in  his  arms,  and  squeezing  it 
tightly  against  his  neck,  cut  its  head  completely 
off.  As  the  head  rolled  down  one  side  of  the 
trail  and  the  carcass  the  other,  Jim  secured  his 
ax  and  with  a  sigh  of  relief  hurried  into  camp." 

OF    HISTORICAL   INTEREST. 

Two  letters  from  General  Harney,  com- 
mander of  Fort  Vancouver  in  1859.  to  the 
general-in-chief  of  the  army,  relating  to  the 
contemplated  establishment  of  Fort  Colville, 
have  recently  been  brought  to  light.     The  let- 


854 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


ters  are  of  historical  interest  as  they  very 
plainly  show  General  Harney's  reasons  for  de- 
siring a  military  post  to  be  located  in  North- 
eastern Washington.  Following  are  the  let- 
ters: 

Fort  Vanxouver,  W.  T,,  Jan.  20,  1859. 
Sir:— 

In  my  communication  of  November  5,  1S58,  I 
recommend  ihe  establishment  of  a  military  post  in  the 
vicinity  of  Colville  for  the  purpose  of  restraining  the 
Indians  who  were  so  lately  hostile  in  this  department. 

In  the  event  of  this  suggestion  being  approved  by 
the  war  department,  I  would  further  state  that  a  mili- 
tary position  at  Colville  will  dispense  with  the  necessity 
of  a  command  at  Fort  Simcoe  as  the  Indians  now  held 
in  check  by  Simcoe  are  more  easily  reached  from  Col- 
ville, and  the  difficulties  to  be  overcome  in  reaching  the 
two  points  are  not  comparable. 

From  this  peculiar  position  Fort  Simcoe  is  cut  ofif 
in  the  winter  from  communication  from  these  quarters, 
except  at  great  risk;  whilst  Colville  is  accessible  all  the 
year  round.  Supplies  can  be  furnished  at  nearly  the 
same  rates  as  Simcoe. 

It  would  be  well,  therefore,  to  throw  the  garrison  at 
Simcoe  to  Colville,  strengthen  it  by  a  company  from 
Walla  Walla,  and  to  turn  the  buildings  over  to  the  In- 
dian department  for  agency. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 
W.'  S.  HARNEY, 
Brigadier  General,  Commanding. 

Fort  V.'vncouver,  W.  T.,  Feb.  7,  1859. 
Sir:— 

Since  my  communication  of  the  20th  ultimo,  recom- 
mending the  establishment  of  a  post  at  Colville  and  the 
abandonment  of  Fort  Simcoe,  I  have  received  from  the 
commissioner  of  the  northwest  boundary  a  request  for 
an  increased  escort  when  their  labors  are  to  be  prose- 
cuted east  of  the  Cascade  range  of  mountains  on  the 
49th  parallel  of  latitude. 

The  service  which  the  commission  is  called  upon  to 
perform  exposes  them  to  the  hostilities  of  the  large  bands 
of  Indians  in  our  own  as  well  as  the  British  territory, 
and  will  require  for  its  protection,  at  so  great  a  distance 
from  our  resources,  at  least  three  companies.  This  de- 
mand, therefore,  determines  me  to  establish  the  post 
near  Colville,  in  which  vicinity  the  commission  will  win- 
ter the  next  season,  and  from  which  garrison  escort  can 
be  furnished  to  the  different  parties  as  they  are  needed ; 
besides  the  presence  of  four  companies  in  that  country 
will  go  far  to  impress  all  the  tribes  of  our  determination 
to  chastise  them  when  it  is  necessary. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 
W.  T.  HARNEY, 
'  Brigadier  General,  Commanding. 


A    HURRIED   DEPARTURE. 

To  the  old  timer  there  is  a  vast  difference 
between  the  Colville  of  today  and  the  Colville 
of  a  few  years  ago.  Some  of  the  early  day 
citizens  were  in  Aspend's  barber  shop.  Colville, 
one  day  and  a  reminiscent  mood  seemed  to  per- 
vade their  thoughts.  Finally  the  conversation 
hedged  upon  some  of  the  acts  of  the  justice 
courts,  and  this  brought  to  mind  the  case  of  a 
Chinaman  who  was  brought  before  a  burlesque 
court.  The  story  is  told  by  the  Colville  Statcs- 
iiiaii-I)idcx : 

"Chinamen  had  never  been  looked  upon 
with  favor  in  Colville,  and,  for  that  matter,  no 
Celestial  has  ever  become  a  fixture  here  to  this 
day.  This  particular  almond-eye  had  been  dis- 
charged by  Bart  Reynolds,  who  at  that  time 
was  running  a  hotel.  Shortly  after  his  dis- 
charge an  incendiary  attempt  was  made  to 
burn  Bart's  hotel,  and  suspicion  pointed  to  the 
Chinaman  as  the  guilty  one.  Now  a  fire-bug 
is  never  looked  upon  as  a  desirable  member  of 
society  anywhere,  and  the  citizens  were  not 
slow  in  manifesting  a  determination  that  the 
'Chinese  must  go,'  though  as  to  how  or  where 
he  must  go  will  ahvays  remain  something  of  a 
matter  of  conjecture.  George  \\"elty  was  then 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  the  culprit  was  drag- 
ged before  'hizzoner,'  tried  and  summarily  sen- 
tenced to  be  hanged.  The  rabble  immediately 
departed  in  search  of  a  rope  with  which  to  ex- 
ecute the  mandate  of  the  court,  leaving  the 
quaking  Chinaman  in  the  court  room  with  the 
judge.  Matters  began  to  look  serious,  for 
George  realized  that  a  rope  in  the  hands  of  a 
mob  that  was  momentarily  becoming  more  in- 
censed was  not  to  be  fooled  with.  Accordingly 
he  pointed  to  the  rear  door  and  commanded 
the  terrified  Celestial  to  'slide.'  A  second  ad- 
monition was  unnecessary,  and  he  'slid'  with- 
out hesitation,  and  has  never  shown  himself 
here  since.'' 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


855 


A   MINISTER.S   TRIP   TO    COLVILLE. 

Rev.  S.  G.  Havermale.  who  in  the  early 
days  was  presiding  elder  of  the  ^Methodist  Epis- 
copal church  for  the  greater  part  of  eastern 
Washington,  and  whose  home  was  at  Walla 
Walla,  gives  an  interesting  account  of  his  first 
trip  to  Fort  Colville  and  Spokane  Falls,  which 
was  made  in  May,  1873.    Mr.  Havermale  says  : 

"I  made  my  first  trip  to  Spokane  in  I\Iay, 
1875.  It  came  to  pass  in  this  way.  ;Mr.  W. 
Park  Winans,  wdio  had  been  residing  at  Col- 
ville as  Indian  agent,  met  me  at  Walla  Walla 
and  urged  me  to  make  a  trip  to  the  Colville 
country.  He  informed  me  that  some  of  the 
people  were  very  anxious  to  have  a  protestant 
preacher  \isit  them.  One  day  he  said  to  me, 
'I  will  give  you  $20  to  help  pay  your  expenses 
to  the  upper  country."  That  settled  it.  A 
young  man  there,  not  a  professed  Christian, 
showing  so  much  interest,  greatly  impressed 
me.  I  started  with  a  young  man  with  me. 
There  were  only  Indian  trails  then.  We 
camped  one  night  near  where  Springdale  now 
is.  The  next  day,  after  traveling  about  ten 
miles,  we  met  a  man  somewhere  about  where 
Cheney  is  located  and  inquired  the  way  to  the 
lower  bridge — the  LaPray  bridge.  But  he  di- 
rected us  to  the  upper  bridge,  informing  us  that 
he  had  made  the  journey  to  Colville  and  back 
in  one  day,  making  about  240  miles.  He  must 
have  had  a  wonderful  horse.  But  by  being  mis- 
directed we  came  to  the  falls  of  Spokane.  We 
met  Messrs.  Glover  and  Yeaton,  who  kept  a 
small  store  about  where  the  Windsor  block  is 
today,  across  the  street  from  the  city  hall. 
When  we  told  them  we  were  on  our  way  to  Col- 
ville, and  had  been  directed  to  go  by  way  of 
the  upper  bridge,  they  pronounced  it  impossible. 
On  describing  our  informant  they  laughed,  say- 
ing that  he  never  told  the  truth  but  once  in  his 
life,  and  had  gone  75  miles  to  take  it  back.  The 
scene  and  location  charmed  me.  The  falls  were 
magnificent,  the  water  being  quite  high  at  that 
time  of  the  year.    You  can  have  no  idea  how  it 


looked  then.  The  open  beautiful  prairie  was 
delightful  to  look  upon,  covered  with  thick 
grass  and  wild  flowers.  The  grass  was  up  to 
my  knees  where  the  big  blocks  now  are.  I  fell 
in  love  with  the  place  and  about  decided  to  set- 
tle there.  I  preached  in  Spokane  and  then  we 
moved  on  toward  Colville  by  way  of  the  lower 
bridge,  and  preached  at  Colville  and  Chewelah, 
and  in  due  time  returned  to  Walla  Walla." 

COLVILLE  AN   ISLAND. 

While  the  Colville  valley  has  the  reputation 
of  enjoying  a  freedom  from  flood  from  the 
gentle  stream  that  courses  its  weary  way 
through  the  wide  expanse  of  prairie  lands  that 
make  up  its  beautiful  and  prolific  landscape,  it 
remains  for  ]\Ir.  Louis  Perras  to  give  to  us  the 
information  that  in  the  spring  of  1847  the  site 
where  Colville  now  stands  was  a  small  island. 
The  waters  had  spread  out  over  the  broad  ex- 
panse of  meadow  lands  to  a  depth  of  from  30 
to  40  feet.  He  remembers  one  incident  in  par- 
ticular that  confirms  the  accuracy  of  his  mem- 
ory, and  that  was  that  he  with  some  other  par- 
ties took  60  bushels  of  wheat  in  a  boat  from  the 
old  Johnnie  Winn  residence  at  the  north  end 
of  the  town  to  the  farm  of  Closes  Dupuis,  six 
miles  farther  down  the  valley.  In  those  days 
a  great  flood  was  a  matter  of  as  much  con\-en- 
ience  as  it  was  damage,  but  the  casual  observer 
can  readily  conjecture  the  consequences  of  a 
repetition  of  the  flood  of  1847  ^t  this  advanced 
day  of  civilization. 

MEYERS  FALLS. 

The  following  beautiful  description  of 
Meyers  falls  of  the  Colville  river  is  from  the 
pen  of  Airs.  L.  E.  Blackmore : 

''There  is  something  really  enchanting 
about  this  place,  especially  after  the  sun  has 
disappeared  and  the  mountains  are  casting  their 
long  purple  shadows  athwart  the  valley.  But 
when  the  hour  of  twilight  spreads  its  magic 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


mists  around,  the  face  of  nature  assumes  a  thou- 
sand charms.  It  is  then  that  we  lay  aside  dull 
care  and  wander  off  in  the  direction  of  the  falls, 
drawn  thither  by  the  musical  sounds  of  the 
bright  waters,  and  sometimes  linger  until  the 
deepening  twilight  admonishes  us  to  leave  the 
haunted  spot.  It  was  on  one  of  these  occasions 
that  we  wandered  to  the  foot  of  the  wall  over 
which  the  torrent  comes  tumbling  in  a  sheet  of 
feathery  foam  and  falls  into  a  broad  deep  basin, 
which  in  the  gathering  twilight  is  black  from 
the  shadows  of  the  surrounding  pine  trees. 

"The  painted  butterflies  and  busy  bees  that 
one  sees  here  in  the  bright  morning  had  gone  to 
rest  and  the  many  songsters  that  fill  the  trees 
when  the  brilliant  sunshine  gleams  along  the 
flowery  banks  had  sought  their  rest,  all  save 
one  solitary,  belated  robin  that  flew  down  and. 
dipping  his  beak  into  the  water,  piped  a  few 
cheery  notes  and  soared  away  across  the  stream. 
Near  the  foot  of  the  cataract,  were  moss  covered 
rocks,  beyond  which  a  blossoming  thorn  made 
the  air  rendolent  with  its  spicy  breath,  and  a 
few  pines  covered  with  silver  spray  stood  near. 
Further  on,  where  the  river  disappears  amid  a 
mass  of  green  foilage,  a  trailing  vine  swept  the 
waters  with  its  leafy  fringe.  Tall,  stately  pines 
skirt  the  banks  of  the  raging  stream  and  many- 
hued  wild  flowers  graced  every  nook. 

"But  we  think  that  its  peculiar  charm  is  its 
power  of  calling  up  reveries  and  picturings  of 
the  past.  While  we  sit  here  inhaling  the  witch- 
ing influence  of  the  air,  we  begin  to  grow  im- 
aginative; to  dream  dreams  and  see  appari- 
tions. Our  mind  drifts  backward  on  the  stream 
of  imagination  to  the  time  when  not  a  sign  of 
human  thrift  appeared  to  check  the  delicious 
wildness  of  nature;  when  the  timid  deer  fed 
undisturbed  along  these  banks,  or  the  fish-hawk 
unmolested,  built  his  solitary  nest  on  some  dry 
tree  and  a  savage  solitude  extended  over  the 
place  where  Meyers  mills  now  stand. 

"It  needs  but  a  slight  e.xertion  of  fancy  to 
picture  to  ourselves  some  great  chief  or  mighty 
sachem,  surrounded  by  a  horde  of  his  lusty  fol- 


lowers, fantastically  painted  and  decorated  with 
beads  and  flaunting  feathers,  seated  upon  the 
ground  before  a  group  of  wigwams,  whose 
smoke  rises  white  above  the  tops  of  the  stately 
trees,  or,  further  on,  when  the  stream  runs 
smoothly  and  dimpling,  the  slender  canoe  bal- 
anced like  a  feather  on  the  rippling  waters. 

"While  all  these  fancies  are  passing  before 
our  mind,  the  bright  buoyant  moon  floated  up 
from  behind  the  mountains  and  passed  herself 
in  mid-heaven,  lighting  up  the  scene  with  a 
white  transfiguring  radiance.  Under  her  globe 
evening's  clearest  star  shown  forth.  Its  ray 
quivered  aljove  the  white  wall  of  the  mountain 
as  if  it  would  there  inscribe  what  it  had  to  relate 
— what  in  the  course  of  a  hundred  years  it  had 
witnessed  here. 

"To  the  lover  of  the  beautiful  and  grand 
nature,  the  fascinating,  majestic  and  beautiful 
falls  of  the  Colville  afford  a  glorious  feast.  In- 
deed one  may  travel  far  before  finding  a  more 
picturesque  glen  or  a  more  beautiful  cataract. 

"The  scenery  around  Meyers  falls  never 
tires ;  never  becomes  commonplace. 

'One  sees  with  each  month  of  the  many-faced 

year 
A  thousand  sweet  changes  of  beauty  appear.' 

"Even  the  different  periods  of  the  revolving 
day  seem  each,  with  cunning  magic,  to  dift'use 
a -different  charm  over  the  scene.  In  the  morn- 
ing when  the  sun  breaks  gloriously  from  the 
east,  blazing  from  the  summits  of  the  hills,  and 
sparkling  the  landscape  with  a  thousand  dewy 
gems;  when  the  atmosphere  seems  of  an  in- 
describable purity  and  transparency,  and  the 
birds  are  carrolling  their  choicest  lays — then  all 
is  brightness  and  life  and  gaiety.  But  when 
the  sun  sinks  amid  a  flood  of  glory  in  the  west, 
mantling  the  heaven  and  the  earth  with  a  thou- 
sand gorgeous  dyes — then  all  is  calm  and  peace- 
ful and  magnificent,  with  no  sound  but  the 
music  of  the  falling  waters. 

"Every  taste  is  catered  to.     For  those  who 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


857 


love  grandeur,  here  are  the  mountains  with 
their  narrow  trails  and  deep  gorges,  where 
hang  dark  and  sombre  shades  which  the  sun's 
rays  never  penetrate ;  for  those  preferring  gent- 
ler aspects,  the  valley  glowing  with  freshness, 
fern-clad  dells  and  the  hillsides  glowing  with 
wild  roses,  sending  up  a  quivering  cloud  of 
incense  into  the  cloudless  sky.  Days  could  be 
passed  delightfully  in  exploring  and  studying 
the  wealth  of  its  attractions. 

"Besides  the  picturesqueness  of  a  landscape 
that  would  enchant  a  painter,  it  is  surrounded 
by  advantages  that  afford  fine  opportunities 
for  the  enterprising  and  industrious  settler,  and 
its  natural  resources  promise  wealth  to  future 
workers." 

A    M.\N   OF   CL.A.IMS. 

A  tall,  thin  man,  with  a  beseeching  look  on 
his  face,  and  a  head  of  hair  that  had  not  been 
.within  reach  of  the  clippers  since  the  death  of 
Andrew  Jackson,  drifted  into  the  Republic 
Pioneer  office  one  day  when  the  camp  was  in 
its  infancy  and  asked  the  price  of  location  no- 
tices.    The  story  is  told  by  the  Pioneer. 

"The  man  wanted  a  few  more  dozen  for  his 
friend  Gotem,  who  was  at  that  moment  in  the 
hills  making  quartz  locations  and  was  running 
low  on  notices.  But  the  visitor  demurred  on 
the  price.  'Bill  Gotem  can't  stand  four  bits  a 
dozens  fer  notices,'  said  the  man,  'fer  it  'ud  bust 
'im  up.  He  uses  too  many  uv  'em.  Bill's  got 
60  claims  right  on  this  'ere  reservation,  and 
he's  been  here  only  a  year.  Gosh,  Bill  ain't  no 
bonanzy  king  ter  pay  fo'  bits  fer  notices.'  And 
Bill's  trusted  lieutenant  shuffled  out. 

"Bill  Gotem  has  a  passion  for  locating 
claims.  He  never  makes  a  sale  or  does  any 
considerable  amount  of  development  work.  As 
he  moves  along  through  the  country  he  leaves 
a  great  trail  of  location  posts  behind,  like  a 
tail  of  a  comet.  Bill  has  driven  so  many  stakes 
that  he  can  measure  off  the  right  dimensions 
in  the  darkest  night.  In  fact  he  has  been  known 
to  walk  in  his  sleep  and  find  a  fraction." 


THE    OPIUM   TRAFFIC. 

Many  years  ago  opium  smuggling  from 
British  Columbia  into  the  United  States  was  a 
very  profitable  enterprise  and  was  extensively 
carried  on  by  the  Chinese  and  Indians.  The 
favorite  method  of  getting  these  goods  across 
the  line  and  to  the  markets  of  Portland  and 
San  Francisco  was  as  follows :  Quarters  of 
venison  would  be  cut  open  and  the  contraband 
article  would  be  placed  therein.  Then  the 
venison  would  be  placed  on  pack  horses  and  the 
trip  to  the  south  would  begin.  The  principal 
trail  through  eastern  Washington  had  its  start- 
ing point  in  the  northern  part  of  what  is  now 
Ferry  county.  Near  Curlew  lake  this  trail  may 
be  plainly  seen  today. 

BUILDING    THE    SPOKANE    FALLS    &    NORTHERN 
RAILROAD. 

An  interesting  sketch  of  the  building  of  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railway,  which 
traverses  Stevens  county  from  its  southern  to 
northern  boundary,  was  given  in  the  Septem- 
ber, 1898.  number  of  the  Northzvest  Magadnc 
by  Editor   E.  V.   Smally.     Mr.   Smally  said: 

"A  controlling  interest  in  the  stock  of  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  railroad  was  recently 
purchased  by  the  banking  house  of  J.  P.  Mor- 
gan &  Co.,  of  New  York,  and  turned  over  to 
J.  J.  Hill,  and  the  road  is  now  an  adjunct  of 
the  Great  Northern  system.  Under  the  impres- 
sion that  the  road  was  likely  soon  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  Canadian  Pacific,  a  controlling 
interest  was  actually  bought  for  the  Northern 
Pacific ;  but  Mr.  Hill  had  been  buying  the  stock 
for  some  time,  and  showed  such  disappoint- 
ment at  failing  to  secure  a  controlling  interest 
that  the  purchase  for  the  Northern  Pacific  was 
turned  over  to  him  at  exactly  what  it  cost. 

"This  deal  strikingly  illustrates  the  degree 
of  amiability  which  now  prevails  between  the 
financial  managers  of  the  two  great  corpora- 
tions which  compete,  or  ought  to  compete,  for 
the  railway  business  of  the  Northwest. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


"The  Spokane  Falls  &  Xorthern  runs  from 
Spokane  northward  into  British  Columbia 
reaching  the  great  silver  mining  district  around 
Lake  Kootenai,  and  it  has  a  short  branch  on 
the  western  side  of  the  Columbia  river  to  the 
Trail  Creek  gold  mining  camp,  connecting  with 
the  main  line  with  a  car  ferry.  Its  total  track- 
age is  about  200  miles.  The  original  project- 
ors of  this  road  were  J.  J.  Brown  of  Spokane 
and  E.  V.  Smally,  of  St.  Paul,  who  carefully 
explored  the  country  along  the  route  of  the  line 
about  twelve  years  ago,  organized  a  company 
and  paid  for  a  preliminary  survey. 

"At  that  time  the  mines  in  British  Columbia 
had  not  been  discovered,  and  the  purpose  was  to 
build  only  to  the  upper  end  of  the  Little  Dalles 
rapids  and  to  make  use  of  the  navigation  of  the 
river  above  that  point  for  a  connection  with  the 
Canadian  Pacific  at  Revelstoke.  Mines  of 
considerable  promise  had  then  been  opened  in 
Stevens  county,  Washington,  the  chief  of  which 
was  the  Old  Dominion,  and  there  was  promise 
of  business  enough  from  this  source  to  support 
a  railroad.  The  country  to  be  penetrated  was  all 
pine  forest  and  was  4:ot  at  all  inviting  for  agri- 
cultural settlement. 

"The  original  project  was  allowed  to  sleep 
for  a  time  after  the  survey,  but  linally  D.  C. 
Corbin  took  hold  of  it.  Mr.  Corbin  had  been 
successful  in  opening  a  route  by  water  and  rail 
between  Coeur  d'Alene,  employing  the  navi- 
gation of  the  lake  and  river  and  building  a  nar- 
row gauge  road  _from  the  river  up  to  Wardner. 
This  line  he  sold  to  the  Northern  Pacific,  and 
with  the  money  he  received  and  with  other 
money  which  he  obtained  in  New  York  on 
bonds  of  the  new  road,  he  built  to  the  Colum- 
bia river  above  the  rapids  of  the  Little  Dalles. 
Soon  after  came  the  remarkable  discoveries  of 
gold  ore  on  Trail  Creek  and  the  great  silver  de- 
velopments around  Kootenai  lake,  and  he 
pushed  the  road  on  to  meet  these  points.  For  a 
time  there  was  a  great  rush  of  miners  and  pro- 
moters to  the  new  British  Columbia  mines  and 
the  road  did  a  large  business.     A  number  of 


Spokane  people  made  handsome  fortunes  in 
mining  operations  in  the  new  districts.  The 
Canadian  Pacific  hastened  to  open  new  lines  by 
water  and  rail  to  both  of  the  districts,  however, 
and  divided  the  business  with  Mr.  Corbin's 
company.  The  road  proved  a  great  value  to 
Spokane  and  was  a  powerful  factor  in  lifting 
her  out  of  the  depression  which  followed  the 
panic  of  1893.  It  is  probably  a  fair  earning 
property  today,  but  it  does  not  do  the  large 
business  which  it  did  in  the  palmy  time  of  the 
mining  excitement. 

"The  ore  brought  over  the  Spokane  Falls 
&  Northern  used  to  go  for  the  most  part  over 
the  Northern  Pacific  to  the  Helena  smelter,  or 
over  the  O.  R.  &  N.  and  the  Union  Pacific  to 
Denver.  It  will  now  no  doubt  be  diverted  to 
the  Great  Northern  and  hauled  to  the  smelters 
at  Great  Falls,  in  which  that  company  is  inter- 
ested." 

.\N   ORDERLY   CAMP. 

In  the  early  days  of  Republic's  boom,  when 
all  classes  of  people  were  flocking  to  the  new 
camp,  it  would  have  been  a  miracle  had  there 
not  been  "gun  plays"  and  an  occasional  "blood- 
spilling". contest.  However,  the  camp  was  com- 
paratively orderly  and  the  officers  had  but  few 
occasions  to  make  arrests,  and  for  long  lapses 
of  time  the  justice's  court  would  be  without  a 
case. 

Speaking  of  the  order  maintained  in  the 
camp,  a  well  known  "sport"  who  was  plying  his 
trade  in  Republic  in  the  boom  days,  one  day 
delivered  himself  of  the  following,  according 
to  the  Republic  Pioneer: 

"This  is  the  most  orderly  camp  I  was  ever 
in  on  this  side  of  the  line.  I  have  been  in  all  the 
mining  excitements  from  Pioche  to  Fraser 
river  and  this  place  takes  the  cookie  for  law 
and  order.  To  judge  from  the  records  one 
would  take  it  that  this  was  a  pastoral  commun- 
ity rather  than  a  'make-up  from  everywhere.' 
In  the  early  days  two  thousand  people  could  not 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


859 


live  a  week  together  without  having  rows  and 
bloodshed.  In  old  times  when  men  from  other 
camps  rushed  into  a  new  place  there  would  in- 
variably be  more  or  less  friction,  either  among 
the  'sports'  or  the  miners.  Take  Pioche,  for 
instance.  It  was  a  'man  for  breakfast'  at  least 
twice  a  week,  and  I  have  seen  half  a  dozen  men 
killed  in  a  week's  time. 

"In  Bodie  it  was  shoot  all  the  while.  The 
pop  of  the  ever-ready  six  shooter  was  so  com- 
mon that  people  finally  would  not  take  tne 
trouble  half  the  time  to  rush  to  the  scene,  sim- 
ply being  satisfied  to  ask  the  participants'  names 
and  take  another  drink,  letting  the  newspapers 
of  the  camp  inform  them  of  the  details.  Toom- 
stone  was  a  hard  camp,  but  not  so  bad  as  Bodie. 

"  Since  the  decadence  of  those  places  I  have 
noticed  a  gradual  toning  down  of  the  people 
who  flock  to  new  camps.  They  are  less  quar- 
relsome and  less  inclined  to  use  the  revolver 
with  deadly  intent.  The  same  way  in  gambling. 
It  is  impossible  now  to  get  up  the  games  like 
we  used  to  have.  I  have  given  the  matter  some 
study  and  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
race  is  degenerating — losing  the  nip,  so  to 
speak.  It  grieves  me  to  confess  it,  but  I  feel 
that  the  good  old  days  are  gone  never  to  re- 
turn. 

"Will  I  take  a  drink  ?  Well,  that  is  the  only 
pleasing  feature  of  the  prevailing  situation.  I 
try  to  crowd  out  these  gloomy  thoughts  of  the 
present  by  taking  an  occasional  glass ;  but  it  is 
hard  to  suppress  my  emotions. 

"And  the  old  'sport'  drank  as  though  he 
meant  what  he  said.'' 

OLD  FORT  COLVILLE. 

"Colville,"  says  the  Kettle  Falls  Pioneer. 
"is  a  name  musical  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  ear. 
Belonging  to  the  British  peerage  it  was  first 
attached  to  the  old  Hudson  Bay  fur  post  above 
Kettle  Falls,  built  when  this  was  British  soil. 
Romantically  said  to  be  derived  from  the  visit 
of  one  of  its  lordly  owners  to  this  region  in 


the  early  part  of  the  century,  it  has  ever  clung 
to  the  vicinity  and  been  repeated  in  river,  val- 
ley, mining  district,  Indian  tribe,  military  post 
and  village  until  now  it  covers  nearly  the  entire 
country.  The  domain  of  old  British  Fort  Col- 
\-ille  extended  from  the  Columbia  river  on  the 
west  to  Echo  "V^alley  on  the  east,  and  from  the 
Colville  river  on  the  south  to  Bruce's  ranch  and 
the  Young  America  mine  on  the  north,  contain- 
ing about  one  hundred  square  miles,  over  all  of 
which  the  fur  company  exercised  absolute  own- 
ership, besides  controlling  completely  all  the 
adjacent  Indian  tribes,  governing  from  Fort 
Colville  over  400  miles  square  of  territory, 
monopolizing  the  Indian  trade  and  reducing 
them  as  far  as  possible  to  a  condition  of  peon- 
age. Failing  to  cultivate  the  soil  themselves 
they  refused  to  encourage  agriculture  among 
the  Indians,  thereby  making  the  aborigine  more 
dependant  upon  the  company  for  necessities 
and  luxuries  that  the  whites  had  taught  them 
to  crave.  Trading  a  lead  bullet  for  a  beaver 
skin  and  standing  a  musket  on  the  floor  and 
compelling  the  native  to  pile  skins  around  it 
until  they  had  reached  the  top,  ere  the  purchase 
price  was  reached,  was  common  practice  then. 
Though  occupied  solely  in  trade  the  old  Fort 
Colville  people  did  not  fail  to  prepare  for  war. 
Besides  surrounding  themselves  with  a  strong 
stockade  they  mounted  brass  cannon  in  block- 
houses at  the  stockade  corners,  one  of  which 
cannon  still  remains  at  the  fort,  a  link  between 
the  old  British  post  and  the  present ;  it  escaped 
the  dangers  of  ocean  navigation  around  the 
Horn  from  England  and  withstood  the  turmoil 
of  old  Indian  times,  only  to  have  the  muzzle 
blown  off  in  a  recent  Fourth  of  July  celebra- 
tion. The  ravages  of  time  have  left  only  one 
small  building  of  all  the  original  fort.  This 
building,  about  sixty  years  old,  is  said  to  be  the 
oldest  in  Washington.  The  old  fort  was  in  the 
fulness  of  its  glory  when  the  boundary  sur- 
vey was  run  during  the  civil  war,  which  dis- 
closed beyond  a  doubt  that  the  southern  line  of 
the  British  possessions  was  far  to  the  north  of 


86o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


it,  thus  leaving  the  time-honored  old  British 
institution  and  the  bulk  of  its  territory  upon 
Uncle  Sam's  soil." 

SHE  WITNESSED  THE  WHITMAN  MASSACRE. 

Thursday,  October  21,  1897,  Mrs.  Eliza 
Warren,  residing  near  Bridgeport,  Douglas 
county,  passed  through  Loomis,  Okanogan 
county.  She  was  then  sixty-three  years  old, 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Oregon,  of  which 
Washington  was  then  a  part.  She  was  on  her 
way  home  from  British  Columbia.  Mrs.  War- 
ren was  the  eldest  child  of  Rev.  H.  H.  Spauld- 
ing,  one  of  the  earliest  missionaries  on  the  coast, 
who  came  out  to  Wasiiington  in  1833  with  Dr. 
Marcus  Whitman,  murdered  by  the  Indians  at 
Waiilatpu  in  1847.  Of  this  massacre  Mrs. 
Warren  was  an  eye  witness.  She  was  born  at 
Lapiwaii,  and  grew  up  among  the  red  wards  of 
her  father's  mission.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
she  was  sent  to  the  school  at  Waiilatpu  which 
was  presided  over  by  Dr.  Whitman.  Mrs. 
Warren's  version  of  the  massacre,  as  related 
to  Frank  M.  Dallam,  editor  of  the  Palmer 
Mountain  Prospector,  is  as  follows : 

"There  were  a  number  of  grown  people  at 
the  mission  and  quite  a  large  school  for  those 
early  days.  She  was  there  on  the  fatal  morn- 
ing of  the  29th  of  November,  1847,  when  the 
red  fiends  entered  the  mission  intent  upon  mur- 
dering the  minister  and  his  followers.  She  wit- 
nessed that  diabolical  deed  of  blood.  The  scene 
was  seared  upon  her  memory  leaving  a  cicatrix 
like  the  scar  of  a  terrible  burn.  She  tells  the 
story  of  the  tragedy  in  language  that  makes 
one's  blood  run  cold,  and  even  now  she  can  not 
mention  the  circumstances  without  a  drawn 
and  painful  look  upon  her  face  that  is 
an  indication  of  how  intense  was  the 
sufifering  and  trial  of  that  bloody  period. 
Most  of  the  children  were  too  young 
to  realize  the  horrible  fate  in  store  for  them. 
The  scholars  were  ranged  up  before  the 
bloodv-thirstv.  cruel,  brutal,  treacherous  devils. 


The  largest  boy  hid  himself  in  the  garret  when 
the  attack  was  made.  He  was  missed,  for  the 
Indians  were  well  acquainted  with  every  mem- 
ber of  the  little  community.  They  had  fre- 
quently visited  the  mission,  had  often  accepted 
and  partaken  of  the  kindly  hospitality  of  the 
good  old  man  and  his  excellent  wife.  Whit- 
man had  ministered  unto  them  corporally  as 
well  as  spirtually.  He  had  fed  them  as  well  as 
preached  to  them,  and  healed  them  in  sickness 
and  relieved  them  in  distress.  They  knew  every- 
thing in  and  about  the  mission.  The  largest  boy 
was  missed.  His  retreat  was  discovered.  One 
of  the  Indians  whom  he  knew  called  to  him  to 
surrender,  as  no  harm  would  come  to  him.  The 
lad  descended  with  fear  and  trembling  and  as  he 
reached  the  foot  of  the  ladder,  and  at  the  very 
side  of  Eliza  Spaulding,  now  Mrs.  Warren,  the 
fiend  brained  him  with  a  hatchet.  The  little  girl 
saw  them  shoot  Mrs.  Whitman  as  she  came 
from  the  house  in  which  Whitman  had  already 
been  killed,  and  she  also  saw  others  of  the  small 
community  shot  and  cut  down,  fathers  in  the 
presence  of  wives,  sons  before  mothers,  and  in- 
discriminate slaughter.  Thirteen  victims 
hardly  satiated  the  murderous  executioners.  The 
little  girls  and  women  were  saved  for  a  fate 
worse  than  death.  Mrs.  Warren  could  speak 
the  Indian  language  as  fluently  as  her  own,  and 
for  this  reason  alone  she  escaped  the  indignities, 
the  cruel  torture,  the  frightful  captivity  that 
was  the  lot  of  the  other  female  prisoners. 

"She  was  forced  to  act  as  interpreter,  and 
in  that  capacity  she  was  held  a  prisoner  for  some 
weeks  until  the  negotiations  were  completed 
that  eventually  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  all 
the  prisoners.  Mrs.  Warren's  story  of  that  ex- 
hibition of  savage  ferocity  seems  incredible  at 
this  age.  and  yet  it  is  but  a  description  of  a 
massacre  that  is  familar  to  every  resident  of 
the  state.  It  loses  none  of  its  horror  with  the 
lapse  of  time,  and  wlien  it  is  heard  from  the 
lips  of  one  who  passed  through  the  terrible  or- 
deal the  hearer  wonders  that  a  single  member  of 
the  infamous  Cayuse  tribe,  the  perpetrators  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


86 1 


the  outrage,  were  ever  permitted  to  survive  the 
deed." 

FATHER  DE  ROUGE  AMONG  THE  INDIANS. 

The  following  interesting  description  of  a 
.  trip  among  the  red  men  of  the  great  northwest 
is  from  the  pen  of  Father  de  Rouge,  at  the  head 
of  the  St.  Mary's  Mission,  and  was  written  ex- 
pressly for  this  history : 

"In  those  early  days  there  were  no  bridges. 
no  wagon  roads  and  no  ferries.  I  started  from 
Colville  with,  an  Indian,  for  the  Okanogan 
river,  going  back  to  my  log  mission  at  Lake 
Omak.  The  water  was  high,  and  there  ap- 
peared no  available  way  of  crossing  Kettle  river. 
We  were  compelled  to  get  along  as  best  we 
could,  falling  over  the  rocks  with  our  pack 
horses,  and  sometimes  the  way  was  so  steep  that 
the  whole  pack  would  fall  over  the  tail  of  the 
horse,  and  we  were  obliged  to  become  packers 
ourselves  to  the  top  of  the  rocks,  and  then  re- 
pack our  horses. 

"We  came  to  a  place  where  we  had,  finally, 
to  cross  the  Kettle  river  to  reach  Okanogan, 
and  there  was  no  boat.  We  stopped,  and  after 
awhile  my  Indian  boy  said,  T  will  make  a  boat.' 
So,  with  an  axe  he  made  a  paddle,  and  rolling 
a  log  into  the  stream  he,  horse-back  like,  on  the 
log,  tried  his  luck.  The  stream  was  so  strong 
that  in  five  minutes  I  could  not  see  him  any 
more.  After  two  hours  of  anxiety  and  fear  I 
saw  him  come  back  with  a  boat  which  he  had 
found  on  the  other  side  somewhere.  We  con- 
tinued our  journey,  camping  with  the  Indians. 
One  day  we  had  to  cross  the  river  on  the  ice, 
but,  as  spring  was  arriving,  in  the  middle  of  the 
river  the  ice  was  gone  leaving  a  large  hole.  The 
winter  trail  had  been  following  right  over  it.  We 
stopped  and  my  Indian  went  up  the  river  to 
see  if  the  ice  would  carry  us.  All  at  once  my 
two  horses,  who  were  restive  and  did  not  like 
to  wait,  started  on  the  ice  and  went,  one  after 
the  other  into  the  hole.  For  two  hours  we  had 
to  fight  the  current  to  prevent  it  tak- 
ing    the     horses     under     the     ice.        Finally 


we  got  hold  of  the  ropes  of  the  horses, 
and  the  Indian  began  to  unpack  them, 
while  I  held  the  ropes.  All  was  wet;  our 
sugar  gone;  our  provisions  ruined.  But  the 
horses  could  not  jump  on  the  ice.  Who  can 
tell  how  we  pulled  them  out  ?  I  held  the  head 
of  the  horse  on  the  ice  and  the  Indian  pulled 
him  up  on  the  other  side  by  the  tail. 

"After  a  few  weeks  up  the  Okanogan  we 
started  for  Chelan.  The  weather  was  cold  and 
stormy.  We  could  find  no  one  on  the  road,  and 
the  Indian  became  very  tired.  Being  afraid  we 
could  not  find  shelter  for  the  night  we  retraced 
our  steps  to  a  log  house  I  had  seen  on  the  road. 
There  was  no  one  there  and  we  went  in  and 
were  fortunate  enough  to  find  a  sack  of  flour. 
We  made  bread  and  had  supper.  A  good  fire 
warmed  us  thoroughly.  The  next  morning, 
thanks  to  the  flour,  we  had  breakfast  and  re- 
turned to  the  old  mission. 

"One  of  the  greatest  hindrances  to  civiliza- 
tion among  the  Indians  has  always  been  the  in- 
fluence of  the  medicine  men  in  the  tribes.  They 
are  supposed  to  have  had  an  apparition  of  a 
bird,  a  wolf  or  a  snake,  who  communicated  to 
them  a  certain  power  to  cure  all  sickness.  They 
pretend,  also,  to  send  sickness  and  death  to  their 
enemies  if  they  want  to,  and  every  winter  they 
were  holding  dances  to  frighten  the'bad  spirits' ; 
to  make  the  spring  come;  to  make  the  salmon 
come  up  the  river,  etc.  etc.  The  missionaries 
always  had  trouble  to  stop  these  superstitions 
which  have  not  yet  disappeared.  They  will  not 
use  medicine  or  call  doctors,  but  will,  first  of 
all,  call  the  medicine  men.  These,  of  course, 
have  to  get  several  horses,  saddles,  blankets  or 
money  to  do  their  work  and  cure.  Even  though 
the  reservation  laws  forbid  these  things  very 
little  has  been  done  to  stop  them.  The  medi- 
cine man  keeps  the  people  afraid  of  him,  and 
compels  them  to  do  as  he  wishes,  even  to  giving 
him  money  right  along  to  keep  them  from  being 
sick.  His  little  animal  told  him  that  it  should 
be  so.  His  little  animal  told  him  to  call  the 
dance,  etc. 

"In  one  dance  on  the  Okanogan  the  medi- 


862 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


cine  man  had  a  basin  full  of  deer  blood  and 
compelled  a  woman  to  drink  it.  A  medicine 
man  used  to  cut  pieces  from  his  own  flesh  and 
eat  them  in  the  dance  to  show  how  brave  he 
was.  Now  it  is  a  shame  that  such  dances  are 
going  on  today  right  among  the  white  settle- 
ment (as  well  as  on  the  reservation),  and  the 
officers  should  put  a  stop  to  them.  They  will 
say.  'We  have  no  state  laws  for  it."  \Miy  do 
they  not  make  them?" 

R.^CING    BETWEEN'    IXDI.\XS. 

Henry  Carr,  at  present  auditor  of  Okanogan 
county,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  country. 
In  the  fall  of  1S90  ^Nlr.  Carr  made  a  trip  along 
the  frontier  near  the  International  Boundary 
line.    He  says : 

"The  occasion  was  one  of  great  eclat,  sev- 
eral hundred  Indians  with  their  squaws  and 
klootches  having  assembled,  arrayed  in  all  their 
finery  and  decked  in  their  gaudiest  colors.  Be- 
sides the  reservation  Siwashes,  the  Tonasket  and 
Similkameen  tribes  from  British  Columbia  were 
on  hand  in  full  force. 

"Strictly  speaking  it  was  not  a  potlatch,  as 
that  implies  a  giving  or  interchange  of  presents. 
but  the  uncertain  issue  of  the  races  makes  that 
designation  highly  appropriate.  The  race-track 
is  the  broad  bosom  of  the  earth,  each  rider 
choosing  his  own  ground.  The  distance  run  is 
three  or  four  miles  with  a  turn  back  to  the 
starting  point.  Tlie  riders  start  themselves, 
and  it  is  always  very  fair  and  even,  without  any 
jockeving  or  quibbling.  If  the  result  is  close 
enough  to  be  doubtful  the  race  is  run  o\-er. 

"The  contests  are  all  made  up  on  the  spot 
between  individuals  and  follow  each  other  as 
quickly  as  the  term?  are  arranged.  The  riders 
strip  down  to  their  birthday  garments-  with  a 
breech-clout  for  ornament  and  every  muscle 
free  for  action.  When  within  half  a  mile  of  the 
finish  the  backers  of  the  horses  take  a  hand. 
They  range  alongside  or  behind  the  flying  herd 
and   with   whips,   sticks,   clubs   or   any  thing 


hand\'.  belaljor  their  respecti\-e  favorites  for  all 
they  are  worth.  It  is  great  sport.  Horse  and 
rider  both  catch  it,  and  if  the  excited  gambler 
misses  one  he  get  the  other.  Every  lick  counts 
and  the  backer  has  the  satisfaction  of  knowing 
that  if  he  loses  the  race  he  took  his  money  out  in 
pounding. 

"Fire-water  was  plentiful,  and  the  bucks 
all  wore  a  comfortable  jag.  The  only  trouble 
was  caused  by  a  couple  of  whites  and  was 
quickly  settled.  Chief  Moses  was  present  and 
made  a  speech,  urging  industry,  sobriety  and 
morality.  The  Similkameen  tribe  seemed  the 
most  prosperous  and  intelligent  and  generally 
got  away  w-ith  the  stakes.  Chief  Tonasket  is  in 
favor  of  opening  the  reservation,  alloting  lands 
in  severalty,  freer  intercourse  with  the  whites 
and  more  general  adoption  of  their  customs. 
Upon  the  whole  I  am  much  more  favorably  im- 
pressed with  the  Indian  after  meeting  him  under 
his  own  vine  and  fig  tree,  so  to  speak,  and  noting 
the  good  feeling,  kindliness  and  sense  of  fair- 
ness which  rules  in  their  home  life." 

"CONCOXULLY    KATE." 

"There  is  a  small  granite  slab  on  the  banks 
of  Conconully  Creek  that  marks  the  grave  of 
one  of  the  first  white  women  who  exev  came  to 
Okanogan  county,"  said  Fred  Loomis.  of 
Loomiston,  at  the  Snoqualmie,  to  a  reporter  of 
the  Seattle  Press-Times.  "  'Conconully  Kate,' 
as  she  was  called,  was  one  of  the  most  remarka- 
ble women  I  have  ever  seen.  There  is  not  much 
doubt  that  she  was  insane,  for  she  was  always 
restless,  riding  about  from  one  camp  to  the 
other  and  never  staying  long  in  one  place. 
Those  who  believed  that  she  was  possessed  by 
the  devil,  although  it  is  rather  mean  at  this  late 
date  to  cherish  that  delusion,  do  not  deny  that 
her  face  did  not  in  the  least  resemble  a  demon's. 
'  She  was  undeniably  pretty,  and  to  us,  with 
whom  woman  was  but  a  memory,  she  seemed 
to  be  a  vision  of  beauty.  Notwithstanding  this 
the  superstitious  Siwash,  and  even  some  of  the 
miners,  believed  that  she  was  possessed  of  the 
evil  eye,  and  had  the  power  to  inflict  death  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


86.^ 


those  she  chose  to  punish.  There  was  no  doubt 
that  she  occasionaUy  killed  somebody,  but  then 
it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  her  own  safety 
to  do  so,  and  so  far  as  I  know  she  relied  upon 
her  ability  as  an  expert  shot  for  defense. 

"She  wore  a  suit  of  buckskin  that  bore  a 
very  close  resemblance  to  the  clodiing  the  rest 
of  us  wore,  and  rode  one  of  the  most  evil-dis- 
posed cayuses  that  I  have  ever  seen.  She 
seemed  to  have  some  particular  object  in  view. 
She  said  she  was  prospecting,  but  most  of  us 
believed  she  was  searching  for  somebody.  The 
probability  is  that  she  escaped  from  some  asy- 
lum and  came  to  that  section  to  keep  from  being 
captured  or  to  search  for  some  one  whom  she 
imagined  was  in  that  part  of  the  country.  All 
that  is  known  concerning  her  death  is  that  one 
night  the  despairing  shriek  of  a  woman's  voice 
reverberated  through  the  canyon,  and  the  next 
day  she  was  dead  on  the  rocks  below.  Not  a 
single  Indian  woman  would  assist  at  the  burial, 
and  if  she  had  concealed  on  her  person  any 
papers  that  might  have  revealed  the  secret  who 
she  was,  or  from  where  she  came,  they  were 
never  found,  for  we  buried  her  that  day  on 
the  little  green  mound  which  is  now  marked  by 
the  granite  slab  of  which  I  spoke.  There  are 
hundreds  who  may  have  seen  this  tombstone 
who  think  that  it  marks  the  grave  of  some  ill- 
fated  prospector,  for  the  superstitious  dread 
of  the  Indians  has,  in  a  measure,  communicated 
itself  to  the  white  persons  ^^■ho  know  the  story, 
and  they  never  mention  her  name." 

THE   EMBRACE   OF   DEATH. 

"Half  way  up  the  west  side  of  Palmer 
Mountain  there  are  three  rude  headstones 
marking  the  tombs  of  three  Klickitat  Indian 
girls  who  died  in  captixity  many  years  ago." 
said  Edward  \\'anicutt,  a  former  well  known 
prospector  and  mine  owner  of  Okanogan 
county. 

"Many  years  ago  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Iia- 
dians   who   were  at  that  time  a   warlike   race 


often  overran  the  domains  of  the  Siwash,  car- 
rying off  his  horses,  his  cattle  and  not  infre- 
c[uently  his  wife  and  daughter.  The  Klickitats 
are  great  travelers  and  they  roam  about  from 
one  place  to  another  always,  however,  respect- 
ing the  property  rights  of  others.  One  night, 
so  the  story  is  told,  a  party  of  Klickitats  were 
attack  by  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  who  were  re- 
turning from  one  of  their  pilgrimages  of  in- 
vasion. The  Coeur  d'Alene  braves  were 
routed,  but  not  until  they  had  carried  off  three 
Klickitat  maidens  who  were  hig^hly  prized  by 
the  warriors  of  other  tribes  because  of  their 
beauty,  endurance  and  skill  in  the  preparation 
of  food.  The  pursuit  was  so  hot  that  the 
captors  found  it  would  be  necessary  to  release 
the  Klickitat  women  or  adopt  some  other 
stratagem.  Three  young  men  of  the  tribe  vol- 
unteered to  bring  the  captives  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  provided  they  were  allowed  to  have 
them  for  squaws.  The  @ld  chief  reluctantly 
gave  his  consent,  as  he  had  fully  intended  that 
at  least  one  of  the  beautiful  captives  should 
Ijrighten  his  own  tepee.  It  was  better  than  to 
Icjse  them  altogether,  however,  and  the  three 
braves  took  the  women  to  this  ca\e  in  Palmer 
^Mountain.  From  there  they  watched  the  res- 
cuing party  on  the  plains  below,  and  when  the 
young  Klickitat  girls  saw  their  people  dis- 
appear on  the  trail  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  all 
their  hopes  of  liberty  vanished. 

"That  night  there  was  a  feast,  for  they  had 
not  neglected  to  store  the  cave  with  food  and 
bearskins.  The  Kliciktat  girls  laughed 
merrily.  In  Chinook,  the  universal  Indian  dia- 
lect they  carried  on  a  sprightly  conversation 
with  the  hated  and  despised  Coeur  d'Alenes,  and 
sang  blythe  songs  for  their  entertainment.  At 
last  the  feast  was  over  and  the  Indians,  fol- 
lowing the  tribal  custom,  married  each  other. 
The  last  words  of  the  simple  and  primitive 
ceremony  had  scarcely  been  said  when,  almost 
simultaneously,  three  terrified  shrieks  reverbe- 
rated through  the  cavern.  In  the  couch  of  each 
warrior  had  been  concealed  the  deadlv  ^•ellow 


864 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


rattlesnake,  and  each  Klickitat  maiden  liad 
held  each  victim  securely  until  the  venomous 
reptiles  had  plunged  their  fatal  fangs  again 
and  again  into  the  flesh  of  the  warriors.  Each 
couch  was,  literally,  a  den  of  snakes.  The 
Kliciktat  maidens  were  immediately  put  to 
death  by  the  terrified  Coeur  d'Alenes,  but  they 
expected  no  less,  as  they  had.  also,  been  bitten 
by  the  reptiles.  Only  one  of  the  three  Coeur 
d'Alenes  lived,  and  he  was  captured  and 
burned  at  the  stake  near  where  Fort 
Spokane  now  stands,  by  the  returning 
Klickitats.  The  tragedy  was  so  unusual 
that  the  proverbial  stoicsm  of  the  Indian 
did  not  restrain  him  from  telling  the  facts  be- 
fore he  was  burned  alive,  and  the  Klickitats 
put  up  the  rude  headstones  of  which  I  spoke 
at  the  beginning  of  this  narrative.  The  tale 
traveled  from  one  tribe  to  another  and  even  to 
this  day  it  is  a  proverb  among  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  that  the  'embrace  of  the  Klickitat 
maiden  is  death.'  " 

LEGEND    OF    THE     COLUMBIA. 

Long  ago  when  earth  was  young,  the  area 
lying  between  the  Cascade  range  and  the  Blue 
Mountains  was  covered  by  a  vast  inland  sea. 
Often  the  winds,  sweeping  down  these  heights 
in  contrary  directions,  lashed  the  waves  into 
furious  commotion. 

Now  Manitou,  ruler  of  the  aiifairs  of  na- 
ture, dwelt  upon  the  lofty  siunmit  of  Mount 
Hood.  Chancing  one  day  to  part  the  cloudy 
curtains  of  his  abode,  he  looked  out  upon  the 
sea  in  one  of  its  terrific  aspects.  His  anger 
was  aroused  and  stamping  his  foot  until  the 
mountains  trembled,  he  exclaimed :  "The 
Great  Spirit  Manitou  is  weary  of  strife  and 
tumult  among  the  elements!  This  ceaseless 
beating  of  the  waves !  Go  to,  now  !  I  will  let 
loose  these  seething  waters,  and  they  shall  be- 
come a  noble  river." 

Hastily  he  descended  the  mountain.  With 
gigantic    force    he   rent    huge  rocks    asunder, 


piling  them  on  each  side  in  frowning  cliffs  and 
beetling  crags.  He  uprooted  the  towering  trees 
tossing  them  aside  in  an  intricate  tangle  of 
roots  and  stumps.  Then  he  speedily  tore  away 
the  mountain  barriers.  The  hitherto  impris- 
oned waves  surged  through  the  rocky  chasm, 
here  in  lovely  cascades,  there  in  foaming  rapids. 
At  last  of  the  great  sea  eastward  there  was 
left  only  a  gentle  stream  falling  from  the 
bosom  of  a  quiet  lake  on  the  slope  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  in  the  far  north,  trailing  like  a 
silver  ribbon  through  the  rocky  gorges  and 
narrow  defiles,  and  across  the  level  plains  that 
had  arisen  from  the  sea.  Westward  from  the 
Cascade  range  the  great  Manitou  guided  the 
whirling  waters  into  a  channel  growing  wider 
and  deeper  until  a  majestic  river,  which  should 
some  day  bear  on  its  swelling  tide  the  ships  of 
a  world's  commerce  and  pleasure  swept  over 
its  sandy  bar  and  was  lost  in  the  boundless 
depths  of  the  Pacific. 

BATTLE    AT    THE    MOUTH    OF    THE    OKANOGAN. 

"The  reluctance  of  the  Indians  to  part  with 
that  portion  of  the  great  Okanogan  reservation 
lying  at  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan  river," 
says  the  Okanogan  Outlook,  "was  owing  to  the 
fact  that  a  great  burying  place  was  located  on 
the  river  bottom  on  the  site  of  the  old  town  of 
Swansea,  a  fact  that  is  well  authenticated  by 
the  large  number  of  human  bones  found  in 
making  excavations  for  foundations,  cellars, 
etc.  It  is  said  by  the  old  Indians  living  along 
the  Columbia  that  many  years  ago  when  old 
Fort  Okanogan  was  destroyed  by  the  Indians 
and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  employes 
massacred,  the  Indians  thought  they  had  settled 
the  hated  King  George's  men  forever,  but  they 
reckoned  without  thinking  of  the  long  arm  of 
the  old  company.  When  the  news  of  the  mas- 
sacre reached  headquarters  at  Victoria  orders 
were  soon  speeding  by  special  courier  to  tough 
old  Alexander  Ross,  who  commanded  the  com- 
pany's post  at  Vancouver,  now  a  United  States 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


865 


military  post  in  this  state,  to  take  instant  meas- 
ures to  punish  the  Indians  and  rebuild  the  post. 

"With  his  usual  energy  Ross  gathered  his 
forces  and  with  a  well-equipped  party  of  voy- 
ageurs  and  a  flotilla  of  bateaux  carrying  a  few 
brass  four-pounders  the  outfit  started  on  their 
long  voyage  up  the  Columbia.  After  the  weary 
portage  around  the  Cascades  they  finally  ar- 
rived at  Rock  Island,  where  now  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  crosses  the  Columbia,  where 
they  had  their  first  encounter  with  the  Indians, 
who  were  soon  driven  off,  and  the  party,  after 
another  portage  around  the  rapids,  commenced 
the  last  stage  of  their  journey  to  the  ruins  of 
Fort  Okanogan.  The  Indians  made  great 
preparations  to  drive  back  the  invaders  of  their 
hunting  grounds.  With  all  the  canoes  that 
could  be  g-athered  from  the  Methow,  Okanogan 
and  upper  Columbia  rivers,  the  fighting 
strength  of  all  the  tribes  lay  concealed  in  the 
backwater  of  the  Okanogan,  where  it  joins  the 
Columbia,  awaiting  the  arrival  of  the  hated 
King  George's  men,  when  they  would  swee\D 
out  and  utterly  annihilate  the  unsuspecting 
enemy,  but  Ross,  being  a  cunning  leader,  was 
not  to  be  taken  by  surprise.  A  close  watch  was 
kept  as  the  outfit  proceeded  up  the  river,  and 
they  finally  arrived  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Okanogan,  where  they  beheld  the  swarm  of 
Indians  issuing  from  their  place  of  hiding,  and 
in  answ-er  to  the  clouds  of  arrows  from  the 
Indian  a  well-directed  fire  of  musketry  soon 
turned  the  tide  of  battle  in  favor  of  the  whites, 
while  the  crash  of  the  shots  from  the  four- 
pounders  told  of  broken  canoes  and  swimming 
Indians. 

"Eager  to  inflict  much  merited  punishment 
on  the  Indians  who  w-ere  thus,  providentially, 
placed  almost  within  their  grasp,  the  Hudson 
Bay  men  pursued  the  flying  Indians  who,  now 
anxious  for  nothing  but  to  escape,  made  what 
haste  they  could  to  reach  the  foothills  and 
safety.  The  whites  with  their  artillery  and 
musketry  shot  down  all  who  could  be  reached, 
W'ithout  mercy.  Ross,  in  his  report  of  the  oc- 
55 


currence,  says  with  the  brevity  of  our  own 
Preble  :  'I  met  the  Indians  at  the  Okanogan  and 
buried  118  on  the  spot  w'here  they  fell.  Those 
who  were  not  buried  floated  down  the  river.' 
While  working  on  the  grade  at  Swansea,  re- 
cently, a  much  rusted  sphere  of  iron  was  turned 
up  on  the  hillside  facing  the  site  of  the  battle 
and  burial  place.  This  bit  of  old  iron,  which  is 
undoubtedly  one  of  the  cannon  balls  fired  at  the 
Indians,  is  in  possession  of  A.  E.  Baird,  who 
intends  to  present  it  to  the  state  historical 
society." 

THE  LEGEND  OF  PAULINE. 

She  was  of  the  tribe  of  Wenatchee.  Long- 
\-ears  before  the  advent  of  white  men  into  the 
valley  of  Wenatchee,  there  stood  upon  the 
banks  of  this  beautiful  stream  an  Indian  vil- 
lage. The  scene  w-as  more  picturesque  then 
than  now^  for  in  those  days  the  country  was  in 
its  wildest  grandeur — no  plowed  fields,  no  mod- 
ern dwellings,  or  irrigation  ditches  were  in 
existence  to  mar  the  beauty  of  nature's  own. 
Yet  there  were  human  beings  who  made  it  their 
home — who  fished  the  streams  and  hunted  in 
the  majestic  mountains  that  surround  the  val- 
ley, while  their  herds  of  ponies  grazed  upon 
the  luxuriant'bunch  grass  on  the  plateaus.  Such 
was  the  condition  of  things  when  the  red  man 
ruled  supreme,  and  when  the  Indian  village  was 
built  upon  the  north  bank  of  the  Wenatchee 
river  near  its  mouth  some  fifty  years  ago. 

The  subjects  of  the  beautiful  picture  to 
which  no  word-painting  can  do  justice,  are  the 
only  relatives  of  Pauline,  daughter  of  the  once 
famous  Indian  chief,  Wenatchee,  who  ruled  his 
tribe  with  an  iron  hand.  Yet.  he  was  as  pliable 
as  putty  in  the  hands  of  his  fair  daughter,  and 
in  reality  she  it  was  who  ruled.  She  was  much 
sought  after  and  admired,  but  to  all  her  heart 
was  as  stone.  But,  as  she  was  only  human,, 
there  came  a  time  when  her  heart  was  set  flut- 
tering, and  as  the  gods  willed,  was  her  fate^ 
The  following  is  the  story  of  her  tragic  end  : 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


About  this  time  there  appeared  upon  tlie 
scene  a  handsome  young  Canadian,  who  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and 
who  had  come  down  the  mighty  Cohimbia 
from  the  far  north  to  trade  with  the  Inchans. 
He  was  known  among  the  tribe  as  "Doc."  but 
what  his  real  name  was  is  only  to  be  surmised, 
as  there  are  no  records  to  inspect  for  the  real 
facts. 

It  (lid  not  take  "Doc"  long  to  guess  that  the 
fair  Indian  maiden  was  in  love  with  him,  and 
he  determined  that  he  would  steal  her  away 
from  the  Indian  chief  at  whatever  cost. 

Although  the  Indians  were  peaceable,  he 
knew  that  to  steal  the  chief's  daughter  was  cer- 
tain death  if  he  should  be  caught.  But,  knight 
of  old,  he  knew  not  what  the  future  had  in  store, 
and  cared  less. 

One  dark,  stormy  night  they  met  and  per- 
fected their  plans.  They  were  to  take  two  of 
the  chief's  best  ponies  and  a  few  days'  pro- 
visions, and  ride  as  fast  as  horse  flesh  could 
carry  them  to  the  north  until  they  reached  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  post  on  the  Okano- 
gan ;  there  they  were  to  be  married  by  a  Cath- 
olic missionary. 

The  night  of  departure  was  at  hand  and 
all  went  well.  The  old  chief  slumbered  and 
knew  not  that  his  fair  daughter  was  flying  from 
him.  The  couple  mounted  their  horses  and  rode 
away,  taking  the  trail  along  the  river.  "Doc" 
was  armed  to  the  teeth,  and  knew  how  to  use 
his  guns  to  advantage  when  in  close  quarters. 

All  went  well  until  they  were  nearing 
Kockschut  mountain,  where  they  met  a  band  of 
Indians  returning  from  a  hunt,  and  among  them 
was  a  former  lover  of  Pauline.  The  Indian 
realized  at  once  that  he  had  been  outdone,  and 
he  decided  upon  the  spot  to  get  revenge.  He 
opened  fire  upon  his  rival,  calling  upon  his 
hraves  to  help  him.  "Doc"  was  not  slow,  and 
before  his  would-be  captors  were  aware  of  it, 
six  good  Indians  had  bitten  the  dust.  The 
battle  raged  for  over  an  hour,  but  the  lovers 
were  finally  captured   and   taken  back  to  the 


Indian  village,  where  "Doc"  was  tried,  found 
guilty,  and  sentenced  to  be  burned  at  the  stake, 
Pauline  being  forced  to  witness  the  scene. 

The  torch  was  applied  to  the  faggots,  and  as 
the  flames  leaped  up  around  their  victim,  gaily 
painted  Siwashes  danced  merrily  around,  in- 
dulging in  war  whoops. 

Poor  Pauline!  She  could  not  stand  the 
awful  sight.  After  exhausting  every  means  in 
her  power  to  save  her  lover  she  decided  to  die 
with  him.  Breaking  away  from  her  captors  she 
flung  herself  into  the  flames  and  was  burned  so 
horribly  before  being  rescued  that  she  died  the 
following  day. 

All  that  remains  is  a  rough  stone  slab,  upon 
a  little  knoll  near  where  the  Indian  village  stood, 
to  mark  the  resting  place  of  Pauline,  and  to 
this  day  the  Indians  in  passing  by  stop  and 
murmur,  "Poor  Pauline !  Good  girl !" 

BATTLE    OF    MC  L.\UGHLIN's    CANYON. 

Mr.  James  McLaughlin,  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  the  northwest,  relating  his  experi- 
ence of  the  battle  of  McLaughlin's  canyon,  in 
Okanogan  county,  said,  as  reported  in  the  Spo- 
kane Rec'icii.'  of  1891  : 

"It  came  near  being  a  massacre.  We  start- 
ed for  Wallula  the  latter  part  of  June,  1858, 
with  a  pack  train  and  one  hundred  and  forty- 
nine  men  for  the  Fraser  River  country.  The 
outfit  comprised  a  representation  from  nearly 
all  the  states,  and  quite  a  number  of  half  breeds. 
We  got  along  peaceably  with  an  occasional 
quarrel  among  the  difi'erent  sets  of  our  men 
(which,  of  course,  didn't  count),  until  we  ar- 
rived at  Moses  Canyon,  where  we  were  attacked 
by  Red  Jacket,  chief  of  the  Palouse  Indians.  In 
the  fight  we  lost  one  man  killed  (Evans,  of 
Portland),  ajid  several  wounded,  besides  some 
of  our  pack  animals.  The  reason  we  got  off 
so  lightly  was  that  the  Indians  were  anxious  to 
stampede  the  stock,  especially  the  pack  animals, 
instead  of  hunting  scalps.  We  knew  to  a  cer- 
taintv  that  we  were  in  for  it  for  the  rest  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    WASHINGTON. 


867 


journey  and  kept  a  bright  lookout,  and  we  were 
not  disappointed.  We  had  reached  a  point  four 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Okanogan,  where 
we  found  the  Indians  reinforced  by  the  Colum- 
bias,  or  Rock  Island  tribe,  under  Chief  ]Moses, 
who  took  command  of  the  combined  Indian 
forces  and  tried  to  prevent  our  crossing.  Old 
Frenchway.  as  he  was  called,  allowed  us  to 
take  his  canoes,  and  I  crossed  in  the  evening 
with  twenty-one  men  to  watch  the  mo\ements 
of  the  Indians.  I  tell  you  there  was  no  talk- 
ing or  sleeping  that  night.  The  next  day  we 
crossed  the  entire  outfit  and  although  we  could  i 
see  hundreds  of  painted  devils,  we  were  not 
attacked,  and  we  camped  that  night  at  the 
mouth  of  Chlowist  Creek. 

"The  next  day  Wilson,  of  Portland,  took 
command  of  the  ad\'ance  guard  and  we  started 
along  the  east  bank  of  the  Okanogan  river, 
keeping  a  bright  lookout  for  ambushes,  for 
the  very  quietness  of  the  savages  looked  more 
dangerous  to  me  than  if  they  had  been  whoop- 
ing and  shooting  at  us.  That  night  we  were 
not  molested  and  only  one  attempt  was  made 
to  stampede  the  stock;  Ijut  the  next  morning 
after  we  had  climbed  the  first  hill,  before  en- 
tering a  canyon,  not  seeing  any  signs  of  In- 
dians, I  became  suspicious  and  called  a  halt, 
while  I  rode  forward  with  one  man.  I  had  not 
proceeded  two  hundred  yards  when  I  noticed 
bushes  piled  against  rocks,  and  my  eyes  being 


pretty  sharp,  I  noticed  that  the  leaves  were 
wilted.  Telling  my  companion  to  stop  where 
he  was  I  started  to  investigate  the  suspicious 
circumstance,  and  had  got  within  thirty  yards 
when  I  noticed  a  painted  buck  behind  a  little 
stone  fort,  or  breastwork,  and  before  I  could 
investigate  any  further  or  bring  my  gun  to  my 
shoulder,  he  fired,  the  ball  taking  effect  in  the 
neck  of  my  horse,  killing  him  instantly.  The 
fight  immediately  liecame  general,  and  lasted 
from  10  o'clock  a.  m..  until  5  p.  m.,  when  we 
retreated  tn  the  river  under  a  steady  fire  from 
the  Indians.  We  remained  awake  that  night 
expecting  an  attack  every  moment.  Several 
attempts  were  made  during  the  night  to  stam- 
pede the  stock,  but  as  each  attempt  cost  the  reds 
some  of  their  best  braves,  they  desisted  toward 
morning.  We  lost  in  the  fight  four  killed  and 
twenty  wounded.  The  killed  were  McGrew 
and  Wright,  of  Cass  Valley,  California;  one 
Irishman  and  one  Englishman,  whose  names  I 
have  forgotten,  also  twenty-five  pack  animals. 
Remember  these  events  happened  (1891) 
thirty-three  years  ago. 

"The  next  morning  we  built  a  raft  of  drift- 
wood and  crossed  to  the  west  side  of  the  river. 
That  is  what  they  call  the  'massacre  of  Mc- 
Laughlin's canyon,'  and  it  was  hot  for  awhile. 
We  were  followed  by  the  Indians  all  the  way  to 
Rock  Creek,  occasionally  getting  a  crack  at 
some  thoughtless  straggler." 


HECKMAN 

BINDERY  INC. 


M 


MAY  87